cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embedded Extrinsic Fabry-Perot Fiber Optic Strain Rosette Sensors

The ability to determine the state of strain within a plane is of great importance to the health monitoring of composite materials and structures. In this preliminary study, fiber optic strain sensors are arranged in a rosette configuration to study their effectiveness in monitoring arbi trary strain states within a neat resin and a graphite/epoxy laminate. The extrinsic Fabry Perot Fiber Optic Strain Rosette Sensor (FP-FOSRS) is very capable of measuring axial (0°) and transverse (90°) strains. However, discrepancies are noted between strain measured by the embedded Fabry Perot Sensors and externally mounted strain gages at 45°. Further, it is believed that the compressive strength of FP-FOSRS embedded composites is most affected by the sensors' presence. A com pressive strength reduction of 300% is measured. This reduction is compared with the result pre dicted by a micromechanical model.
Bilateral Skin Dimples on the Shoulders

Cutaneous depressions, commonly known as dimples, are uncommon in locations other than the face. An infant had deep dimple-like depressions near the acromion bilaterally. This most likely represents benign autosomal acromial dimples, a rarely reported autosomal dominant condition. Other causes of dimples include a variety of congenital malformation syndromes, and infectious, metabolic, and traumatic etiologies. Awareness of the etiology and significance of skin dimples is helpful to the clinician when confronted with this unusual finding.
Spin Hall Effect in the Presence of Spin Diffusion

Hirsch [Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 1834 (1999)] recently proposed a spin Hall effect based on the anomalous scattering mechanism in the absence of spin-flip scattering. Since the anomalous scattering causes both anomalous currents and a finite spin-diffusion length, we derive the spin Hall effect in the presence of spin diffusion from a semiclassical Boltzmann equation. When the formulation is applied to certain metals and semiconductors, the magnitude of the spin Hall voltage due to the spin accumulation is found to be much larger than that of magnetic multilayers. An experiment is proposed to measure this spin Hall effect.
Thickening, refertilization, and the deep lithosphere filter in continental arcs: Constraints from major and trace elements and oxygen isotopes

Abstract Arc magmatism is a complex process involving generation of primary melts in the mantle wedge and chemical refinement of these melts into differentiated products akin to continental crust. Interaction of magmas (cooling, crystallization and assimilation) with the overlying crust, particularly if it is thick, is one way by which primary basalts are refined into more evolved compositions. Here, we explore the role of the mantle lithosphere as a trap and/or reactive filter of magmas. We use mantle xenoliths from the Sierra Nevada continental arc in California as a probe into sub-Moho processes. Based on clinopyroxene modal abundance and major, minor and moderately incompatible trace element concentrations, the peridotites define a refertilization trend that increases with depth, grading from clinopyroxene-poor ( 5 % ), undeformed spinel peridotites equilibrated at 3 GPa ( 90 km ) to clinopyroxene-rich (10–20%), porphyroclastic garnet peridotites equilibrated between 3 and 3.5 GPa (90–105 km), the latter presumably approaching the top of the subducting slab. The petrology and geochemistry of the xenoliths suggest that the fertile peridotites were originally depleted spinel peridotites, which were subsequently refertilized. Incompatible trace element geochemistry reveals a pervasive cryptic metasomatic overprint in all peridotites, suggesting involvement of small amounts of subduction-derived fluids from the long-lived Farallon plate beneath western North America. However, bulk reconstructed δ O SMOW 18 values of the peridotites, including the most refertilized, fall between 5.4 and 5.9 ‰ , within the natural variability of unmetasomatized mantle ( ∼ 5.5 ± 0.2 ‰ ). Together with Sm, Yb, and Ca compositional data, the oxygen isotope data suggest that the role of slab or sediment melts in refertilizing the peridotites was negligible ( 5 % in terms of added melt mass). Instead, binary mixing models suggest that many of the Sierran garnet peridotites, particularly those with high clinopyroxene modes, had up to 30% mantle-derived melt added. Our data suggest that refertilization of the deep arc lithosphere, via melt entrapment and clinopyroxene precipitation, may be an important process that modifies the composition of primary arc magmas before they reach the crust and shallowly differentiate. Comparison of our data with a global compilation of arc-related mantle xenoliths suggests that sub-Moho refertilization may be more extensive beneath mature arcs, such as continental arcs, compared to juvenile island arcs, possibly because of the greater thickness of crust and lithosphere beneath mature and island arcs.
Anomalous first thoracic rib as a cause of thoracic outlet syndrome with upper trunk symptoms: a case report

Background Thoracic outlet syndrome is an uncommon cause of upper extremity neuropathy resulting from either neurogenic or vascular compromise in the thoracic outlet. Congenital anomalies as the cause of this disease process represent a minority of cases, and the literature regarding their surgical management is still evolving.
More on testing the normality assumptionin the Tobit Model

In a recent volume of this journal, Holden [Testing the normality assumption in the Tobit Model, J. Appl. Stat. 31 (2004) pp. 521–532] presents Monte Carlo evidence comparing several tests for departures from normality in the Tobit Model. This study adds to the work of Holden by considering another test, and several information criteria, for detecting departures from normality in the Tobit Model. The test given here is a modified likelihood ratio statistic based on a partially adaptive estimator of the Censored Regression Model using the approach of Caudill [A partially adaptive estimator for the Censored Regression Model based on a mixture of normal distributions, Working Paper, Department of Economics, Auburn University, 2007]. The information criteria examined include the Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), the Consistent AIC (CAIC), the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and the Akaike’s BIC (ABIC). In terms of fewest ‘rejections’ of a true null, the best performance is exhibited by the CAIC and ...
Ovid's New Muse: Amores 1.1

Amores 1.1, as usually understood, ends in a way that seems a little flat: after an amusing account of how falling in love made him turn from epic to elegy, the poet concludes by ponderously invoking an elegiac muse. In this note I will argue that the ending is more entertaining, and more significant: the muse invoked in the last couplet, who is to inspire the poems to come, is none other than Corinna herself.
A numerical method for computing minimal surfaces in arbitrary dimension

In this paper we propose a numerical method for computing minimal surfaces with fixed boundaries. The level set method is used to evolve a codimension-1 surface with fixed codimension-2 boundary in R^n under mean curvature flow. For n=3 the problem has been approached in D.L. Chopp, 1993 and L.-T. Cheng [D.L. Chopp, Computing minimal surfaces via level set curvature flow, J. Comput. Phys. 106(1) (1993) 77-91 and L.-T. Cheng, The level set method applied to geometrically based motion, materials science, and image processing, UCLA CAM Report, 00-20] using the level set method, but with a more complicated boundary conditions. The method we present can be generalized straightforward to arbitrary dimension, and the framework in which it is presented is dimension independent. Examples are shown for n=2, 3, 4.
Ultrasound-induced hyperthermia as adjuvant therapy for palmoplantar psoriasis

The use of ultrasound-induced hyperthermia as adjuvant therapy was evaluated in seven patients with chronic palmoplantar psoriasis in a bilateral paired comparison study. Treatments consisted of twice-weekly 30-min applications of an ultrasound transducer operating at 8 MHz. The intensity of the device was varied between 0.30 and 0.54 W/cm2 to achieve temperatures of 42–44C at a depth of 2–3 mm beneath the skin surface as monitored with a thermocouple probe. The mean clinical score for the treatment sites was 6.0 1.6 before treatment and 2.3 0.70 after hyperthermia treatment. The mean clinical score of the control site was 5.6 1.76 and remained unchanged during the treatment period. There were no sidesffects. At the 3 month follow-up three patients continued to show clinically less severe psoriasis on the hyperthermia treated area compared with the control area.
Ritz-Galerkin approximations in blending function spaces

This paper considers the theoretical development of finite dimensional bivariate blending function spaces and the problem of implementing the Ritz-Galerkin method in these approximation spaces. More specifically, the approximation theoretic methods of polynomial blending function interpolation and approximation developed in [2, 11---13] are extended to the general setting of L-splines, and these methods are then contrasted with familiar tensor product techniques in application of the Ritz-Galerkin method for approximately solving elliptic boundary value problems. The key to the application of blending function spaces in the Ritz-Galerkin method is the development of criteria which enable one to judiciously select from a nondenumerably infinite dimensional linear space of functions, certain finite dimensional subspaces which do not degrade the asymptotically high order approximation precision of the entire space. With these criteria for the selection of subspaces, we are able to derive a virtually unlimited number of new Ritz spaces which offer viable alternatives to the conventional tensor product piecewise polynomial spaces often employed. In fact, we shall see that tensor product spaces themselves are subspaces of blending function spaces; but these subspaces do not preserve the high order precision of the infinite dimensional parent space. Considerable attention is devoted to the analysis of several specific finite dimensional blending function spaces, solution of the discretized problems, choice of bases, ordering of unknowns, and concrete numerical examples. In addition, we extend these notations to boundary value problems defined on planar regions with curved boundaries.
Measurement of gain tilt and its contribution to composite second-order distortion in the analog–digital transmission systems with Er/Yb fiber amplifiers

Fiber-optic-based analog or digital community antenna television systems experience composite second-order (CSO) distortion caused by the interaction between the gain tilt of the doped fiber amplifier and the laser chirp due to modulation. The gain tilt for an analog-digital transmission system with a high-power erbium/ytterbium-codoped fiber amplifier has been experimentally measured and its contribution to the CSO distortion of the system is evaluated. The results are in good agreement when compared with the direct measurement of the CSO distortion of the transmission system with and without the amplifier. The dependence of the gain tilt on the modulation frequency and wavelength of the input light is also investigated.
Transforming the organizational culture of a school of nursing through innovative program development.

Topic This article illustrates how a grant designed to promote new program development provided a vehicle for organizational transformation. The collaboration surrounding this initiative created a common focus within the school that more effectively channeled its resources and resulted in an unprecedented level of scholarly achievement and recognition. Faculty leveraged the success of this initial grant to procure additional funding for related projects. The importance of partnerships and teamwork were two valuable lessons learned. We believe that our experience is replicable in other schools of nursing interested in organizational transformation. Methods Gibson and Barsade's model of managed change guided the project's implementation and evaluation processes. Recommendations for engaging faculty, gaining support, and developing a collaborative network are discussed in the article, with findings from a stakeholder-focused evaluation demonstrating new program goal achievement as well as the transformative changes that occurred in the organizational culture. Methods A focused, theory-derived program plan, with comprehensive process and outcome evaluation components resulted in a major transformation of one school of nursing. Unanticipated outcomes included renewed synergy among faculty; the development of a preferred vision for the future; scholarly collaboration around a central theme that effectively channeled limited resources and dramatically increased productivity; increased regional and national recognition; and the creation of regional, national, and international partnerships.
A controlled study of the effect of midazolam on abnormal sphincter of Oddi motility.

Abstract Background: The effect of a medication on sphincter of Oddi motility should be characterized if it is to be used during sphincter of Oddi manometry. Controversy exists as to whether midazolam influences sphincter of Oddi motility. This study assessed the effect of midazolam on the hypertensive sphincter of Oddi. Methods: The study population consisted of 36 patients who presented with recurrent abdominal pain resulting from sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. The study was nonrandomized, prospective, and placebo controlled. Patient allocation was consecutive. Sphincter of Oddi manometry was performed in standard fashion. Manometric tracings were interpreted while the investigator was blinded to treatment allocation. Eighteen patients in the test group received 2 mg of midazolam intravenously whereas the 18 patients in the control group received saline solution intravenously. Manometric parameters were measured before and 3 minutes after the intravenous infusion. Changes in manometric findings before and after the administration of saline solution and midazolam were compared. Results: Midazolam caused a significant reduction in basal sphincter of Oddi pressure (24 mm Hg) as compared with saline solution ( p Conclusions: Midazolam significantly altered sphincter of Oddi motility. The decrease in sphincteric pressures would have altered diagnosis and management in 4 of 18 patients. Midazolam should not be used during sphincter of Oddi manometry. (Gastrointest Endosc 2002;55:637-40.)
Response to Professor Pryor’s Millennium Survey

JOAN HUBER [*] ABSTRACT. This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). "The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21st Century." The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3-33. As a sociologist, I am pleased to be invited to comment on a survey conducted by a respected economist. Responding to scholars in other disciplines has the virtue of making one more aware of the problems of conducting research in one's own area of study. Professor Pryor has conducted a straightforward survey of opinion concerning the performance of a series of indicators, primarily economic, 25 and 50 years into the future. The respondents are comprised of AEA members living in the United States, a group presumably better informed about such issues than any other aggregate of individuals. Prudently, Professor Pryor accompanies his report with appropriate caveats concerning the usefulness of the exercise. Technological forecasting is likened to the reading of tea leaves and, to complicate matters further, the performance of any one indicator can critically affect the performance of the others. These are formidable obstacles indeed. Unfortunately, it seems all too possible that some of the economists who received the questionnaire felt that the prediction of events 25 or 50 years down the road was too complex to be amenable to the brief responses permitted in survey research and that the added invitation to elaborate their views in the space provided was not especially tempting. A response that is both brief and meaty requires some time to think through. A well-turned summary paragraph by 'Anonymous" typically represents too high a cost in time to justify any potential benefits to its author. Thus, it is not surprising that, although the respondents comprised 1.1 percent of the members of the AEA, they comprised only 15 percent of the sample, a response rate that most survey researchers would define as being too low to justify much comment. Professor Pryor's rationale for the low response is that only those respondents with enough interest in the future of the economy likely took time to answer the questionnaire, and these persons probably believed that the economy would deviate considerably from current trends. Those who believed that current trends would continue indefinitely, Professor Pryor opined, would not regard the future as very interesting. However, this explanation of the low response rate is not entirely convincing. It would be very odd if 85 percent of AEA members actually believed that current trends would continue indefinitely. If there is anything that social scientists (or any scientists, for that matter) agree on, it is that nothing is forever. I also find it difficult to believe that 85 percent of AEA members actually take little interest in the future of the economy. The question is, rather, the extent to which economists believe that the direction of such trends can be predicted over a period of 25 to 50 years with enough assurance to justify the effort. …
Convergence rate analysis of the state increment dynamic programming method

It is shown that if the discretization of the state space is sufficiently fine and if the limiting trajectory is an interior point of the admissible policies then the state increment dynamic programming technique (SIDP) has linear convergence, and the coefficient of convergence can be explicitly related to the control problem components. In the course of this analysis, it is seen that the SIDP method is, in essence, a nonlinear generalization of the block Gauss-Seidel algorithm for solving linear equations. Some consequences of this insight are suggested, and a computational example comparing SIDP with differential dynamic programming is offered.
Morphologic Variation in Recent Planktonic Foraminifera: ABSTRACT

Intraspecific variation of Globigerinoides ruber and Globigerinoides trilobus-Globigerinoides sacculifer was investigated in 20 core top samples from the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. Such samples come from the top centimeter of cores and represent about 1,000 years accumulation. The average number of specimens measured for each sample was 50 and the size of the specimens was coarser than 250µ. Specimens are largest in the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, smaller in the equatorial Atlantic, and smallest in the North Atlantic. Between 15 and 25°C, specimen size is correlated with mean sea surface temperature. Above 25°C large size variations occur within a narrow temperature range. Expansion rates, as measured by the relative increase in chamber diamet rs in both species, are correlative with available nutrients. The highest expansion rates occur in the Atlantic Undercurrent (0-5°N), and in the North Atlantic north of 30°N. Between 5 and 30°N in the Sargasso Sea, expansion rates are lower than in the equatorial or North Atlantic. Thus, for both species temperature and nutrient availability affect maximum size attained and rate of chamber growth. Comparison of size and expansion rates for G. trilobus and G. sacculifer distinguished by the presence or absence of a saclike final chamber show the 2 phenotypes to be statistically similar. Within populations of G. ruber, the width/height ratio of the test, and of the primary aperture show a general trend of increasing values with increasing latitude. Variations in aperture size are linearly correlated with mean sea surface temperatures. End_of_Article - Last_Page 342------------
Coarse-Grained Atomistic Simulations of Dislocations in Al Ni and Cu Crystals.

Abstract This paper presents the application of a recently developed concurrent atomistic continuum (CAC) methodology in coarse-grained (CG) atomistic simulations of dislocation nucleation and migration in face-centered cubic (fcc) Al, Ni and Cu crystals, using an EAM force field and an adaptive mesh refinement strategy. The CAC method is based on recently developed atomistic field theory (AFT) that frames the problem in terms of a continuum field representation of lattice and sublattice atomic arrangements. Four sets of CG models with different finite element mesh refinement are constructed to test the accuracy and efficiency of the CG method relative to full molecular dynamics (MD). Simulation results show that the CG method is able to reproduce key phenomena of dislocation dynamics in initially defect free fcc crystals, including strain bursts caused by dislocation nucleation and migration, the structure of leading and trailing partial dislocations separated by equilibrium stacking faults in Al, formation of intrinsic stacking fault ribbons in Ni and Cu, and 3D migration of curved dislocations, all comparable with results of MD simulations. CG simulations have also revealed that the yield strength of Al depends on the thickness of the specimens as well as the operative deformation mechanisms. The effects of mesh size and adaptive mesh refinement on CG simulation results are analyzed and discussed.
Analysis and design of viscoelastic materials for active constrained layer damping treatments

This paper is concerned with the investigations of viscoelastic material (VEM) effects on active constrained layer (ACL) based structures. Specific interests are on how the VEM parameters will influence the passive damping ability and the active action transmissibility in an ACL configuration. The study has identified the VEM parameter regions that will provide the best active-passive hybrid actions. This research also developed guidelines to synthesize ACL structures that will outperform both the purely passive and active systems.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Characterization of Flexural Properties of Syntactic Foam Core Sandwich Composites and Effect of Density Variation

Microballoons (hollow particles) of the same outer radius but with five different inner radius values are used to fabricate five types of syntactic foam slabs. These five types of slabs are used as the core material to fabricate sandwich composites. Three- and four-point bending and short beam shear strength tests are carried out to characterize the flexural behavior of syntactic foam core sandwich composites. The effect of change in microballoon radius ratio (ratio of the inner to the outer radius) on the flexural properties of the sandwich composites is also studied. The results show that in three- and four-point bending tests, the failure is governed by tensile properties of the foam core and the strength is not affected by the microballoon radius ratio. Shear failure takes place in short beam shear tests, which makes the microballoon radius ratio an important factor in determining the strength of the sandwich composite.
Great Lakes Educational Needs Assessment: Teachers’ Priorities for Topics, Materials, and Training

Abstract Teachers have an opportunity to create awareness of the importance of the Great Lakes by incorporating lake examples of major science/social concepts into their curricula. A survey of 300 middle school science teachers in watershed counties of Great Lakes states and Ontario revealed topics that were highest priority and that teachers wanted to know more about: water quality, environmental responsibility, water uses and conservation, and toxic chemicals. Topics of lowest priority were those dealing with shipping, water diversion, human history, careers and hobbies, and aesthetics (art, music, and literature of the lakes). Reasons for not including low priority topics were primarily based on their not being a part of the assigned curriculum for the responding science teachers. Responses regarding topic priorities and knowledge did not differ significantly by state/province, gender, grade level taught, early vs. late response, or whether the teachers had participated in a Great Lakes education workshop, with the primary exception that teachers who had been in a workshop generally rated exotic species as more important and were teaching more about it. Teachers claim to get most of their Great Lakes information from workshops and classes, with newspapers as the primary mass media source. They prefer to receive instructional materials in the form of classroom-ready activities and units, and when they seek additional education they prefer one-day or summer workshops for college credit. Providers of Great Lakes education resources should consider teacher preferences in designing materials and experiences, and consider infusion as a means of introducing non-science topics into science classes.
Turbulent relaxation to a force-free field-reversed state.

The evolution of nonequilibrium initial conditions of an incompressible magnetohydrodynamic Z pinch is described by a three-dimensional, pseudospectral numerical code. Magnetohydrodynamic turbulence develops in the resistive, nonviscous magnetofluid, resulting in the selective decay of the energy relative to the magnetic helicity, at Lundquist numbers of only a few hundred. An interior force-free region grows with time and achieves spontaneous reversal of the toroidal magnetic field at the wall, without the necessity of an external electric field.
SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE UPTAKE, BINDING AND RETENTION OF [3H]CORTISOL BY THE CHICK EMBRYO RETINA AS RELATED TO ENZYME INDUCTION

—The accumulation of [3H]cortisol by the embryonic chick neural retina was studied at a time of rapid biochemical differentiation. In retinal cultures, uptake of steroid was decreased by inhibitors of energy metabolism and of sulphhydryl groups but not by inhibitors of macromolecular synthesis. The retention of steroid was inhibited by dinitrophenol and N-ethyl maleimide (NEM) over a 3 h incubation period. This inhibition may be due, in part, to the effect of NEM on the binding of steroid to intraretinal receptor as can be demonstrated by gel filtration. Neuraminidase had no effect on [3H]cortisol uptake or retention but markedly inhibited the induction of glutamine synthetase by the steroid. Uptake and retention of steroid at 37° was greater in the retinal nuclear pellet than in the cytosol fraction; the reverse was true at 4°. After treatment with NEM, [3H]cortisol accumulation in the nuclear pellet was drastically decreased, with approximately the same level of uptake as that seen at 4°. A temperature-dependent, sulphhydryl-sensitive process of steroid translocation from cytoplasm to nucleus may thus be indicated.
The impact of injury severity and prehospital procedures on scene time in victims of major trauma.

Study objective: To evaluate the relationship among injury severity, prehospital procedures, and time spent at the scene by paramedics for victims of major trauma. Design: Retrospective study of 98 consecutive patients with an Injury Severity Score of more than 15 who were brought to a trauma center by fire department paramedics. Setting: A medium-sized metropolitan emergency medical services (EMS) system and a Level I trauma center. Results: There were 66 male and 32 female patients with a mean age of 34 years. Thirty-two patients (32.6%) died. Blunt and penetrating trauma accounted for 68.4% and 31.6% of cases, respectively. Thirty-three patients (33.7%) had successful advanced airway procedures, and 81 (82.7%) had at least one IV line started in the field. Analysis of scene time, prehospital procedures, and injury severity parameters revealed that more procedures were performed in the field on the more severely injured cases; that despite this, there was a trend toward shorter scene time for more severely injured patients; and that there was a mean scene time of 8.1 minutes. This is the shortest scene time reported to date for prehospital trauma care in an EMS system. Conclusion: Extremely short scene times can be attained without foregoing potentially life-saving advanced life support interventions in an urban EMS system with strong medical control. In such a system, the most severely injured victims may spend less time at the scene although more procedures are performed on them.
Increased enkephalin and dynorphin immunoreactivity in the hippocampus of seizure sensitive Mongolian gerbils

Abstract Radioimmunochemistry (RIA) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) were used to measure proenkephalin and prodynorphin peptides in the brain of a genetic model of epilepsy, the seizure-sensitive (SS) Mongolian gerbil. Brain levels of both [Met 5 ]- or [Leu 5 ]-enkephalin (ME-LI) and dynorphin A 1–8 and dynorphine A 1–17 (DN-LI) like immunoreactivity were increased in the hippocampal region of the SS gerbil. However, ME-LI and DN-LI did not follow the same patterns. ME-LI was significantly increased in the SS gerbils (post-seizure) compared to SR gerbils while ME-LI in SS (preseizure) gerbils was not significantly different from SR gerbils. DN-LI was significantly increased in the hippocampal region of both SS (preseizure) and SS (postseizure) gerbils compared to SR gerbils. These results strongly imply differences in the regulation of proenkephalin and prodynorphin metabolism in the Mongolian gerbil. The differences in metabolic regulation may signal fundamentally different roles of these opioid peptides in the modulation of seizure activity in this animal.
Evidence of obligate female promiscuity in a socially monogamous passerine

Extrapair paternity in birds has been the focus of an increasing number of studies over the last decades. Nevertheless, there is little knowledge about extrapair copulation (EPC) behavior. In this study, we investigate whether female bluethroats (Luscinia s. svecica) with no extrapair offspring (EPO) in their broods really have been sexually monogamous or if they have copulated with extrapair males. We used an experimental approach to prevent transfer of sperm from the social male during copulation by fitting a rubber tube around the cloaca of randomly chosen males. If the females mated to these males do not participate in EPCs, they will produce infertile eggs, whereas females that copulate with extrapair males will only produce EPO. We found that 87% (n=15) of the experimental pairs compared to only 36% (n=51) of unmanipulated pairs produced EPO. Our result therefore suggests that females having no EPO may still have copulated with extrapair males and that promiscuity may be an obligate sexual strategy among bluethroat females.
Race on the 2010 census: Hispanics & the shrinking white majority

Ian Haney Lopez Race on the 2010 census: Hispanics & the shrinking white majority At our country’s founding, we made race the constitutional test for those capable of self-government. Our nation’s organic document allocated congressional seats among the states in proportion to “the whole Number of free Persons . . . excluding Indians not taxed [and] three fifths of all other Persons.” 1 The Constitution then commanded that a census divine those racial numbers every ten years. From its first enumeration in 1790, the decennial census formed part of the process by which the racial state elaborated itself and society, race and democracy. In the two centuries plus since, every census has tabulated the number of “white” persons in the United States. 2 The original Constitution clearly envisioned a polity comprised of whites—they would be, as the census bureau put it in 1852, “the governing race.” 3 And whites have remained politically, economically, and socially dominant, notwithstanding the Reconstruction Amendments that ended the explicit allocation of political representation along racial lines. The modern census showsthat b y almost every relevant sociological measure whites continue to occupy the superior position in American society. But a demographic revolution is underway, the result of a long history of US expansion, colonial incursions, and gunboat diplomacy throughout the Western This article is forthcoming in Daedalus, Winter 2005, as part of a symposium on race and the census. Please direct any comments to ian.haneylopez@law.berkeley.edu.
Effects of Alkylation upon the Proton Affinities of Nitrogen and Oxygen Bases

The protonation energies of alkylated derivatives of NH3 and OH2 are calculated at the Hartree–Fock level with the split-valence 4-31G basis set. The methyl, dimethyl, and ethyl amines are studied; oxygen bases include methanol, dimethylether, and ethanol. The geometries of each molecule and its protonated analog are fully optimized. It is found that protonation leads to significant changes in the molecular structures. In particular, the bonds to the N and O atoms are substantially elongated, especially when the other atom involved is C rather than H. The calculated absolute proton affinities are somewhat larger than the experimental values. However, the differences in protonation energies of the various molecules relative to one another agree quantitatively with experiment. Replacement of one H atom of the base by a methyl group induces an increase in proton affinity of some 10 kcal/mol. If a second methyl group is added to the N or O atom, a further increment of about 70% this amount is noted. On the other hand, placement of the second C atom on the first methyl group (to form an ethyl substituent) leads to a smaller increase (∼30%). The magnitudes of these alkyl substituent effects are somewhat larger for the oxygen bases than for the amines.
Southern Agriculture During the Civil War Era, 1860-1880:

Preface and Acknowledgments List of Abbreviations Used in Text Citations The Southern Frontiers and Southern Agriculture (1607-1860) The Civil War and Southern Agriculture (1860-1865) Political "Reconstruction" and Southern Agriculture (1865-1870) Political "Redemption" and Southern Agriculture (1870-1880) Southern Agriculture and the Southern Frontiers (1860-1880) References Index
Electro-optical and nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor nanorod doped liquid crystals

We studied the electro-optical property and photorefractive effects in a semiconductor CdSe nanorod doped neamtic liquid crystal [NLC] system. The nonlinear index coefficient is measured to be n 2 = 2.05 × 10-2 cm 2 /W , which is 10 times larger than that of an equivalent pure liquid crystal system. Electro-optical switching investigation shows that the Freedericksz transition voltage of this system is also noticeably lower than that of un-doped NLC. These enhanced electro- and nonlinear optical properties are attributed to the photoconductivity of CdSe nanorods and the enlarged electric conductivity and dielectric anisotropies of the doped system. An AC field assisted photorefractive effect in CdSe nanorod doped liquid crystal system has also been studied.
Children, parents, and the state

Acknowledging the limits of knowledge and capacity for long-term predictions, and accepting the preference for family privacy, the constitutional requirements of fair warning about and limits to state power can be substantial guarantees that the rights of children and their parents in functioning families could be protected even when the state provides financial support.
Inherited C'2 Deficiency in Man: Lack of Immunochemically Detectable C'2 Protein in Serums from Deficient Individuals

Monospecific antiserum to highly purified second component of human complement (C92) was used to show the absence of the protein from the serums of four persons homozygous for a hereditary deficiency of second-component activity. Serum from an individual heterozygous for the deficiency contained a reduced amount of this protein as compared to the concentration in normal serum. These observations indicate that genetic deficiency of this component is due to failure of synthesis of normal amounts of the protein rather than to synthesis of an antigenically related, hemolytically inactive analog of C92.
The Chaileyapproach to postural management.

The Chailey approach to postural management. Pountney TE, Mulcahy CM, Clarke SM, Green EM. (Pp 157, spiral bound, £25.00) Active Design Ltd. ISBN 09538262 0 1. When teaching about children with neurological disability or when advising their parents or when, wearing an editorial hat, advising on publishability, the feedback I receive consistently includes requests for information on personal practice and “how to do it”. Responding usefully to these requests is challenging. What a pleasure it has been therefore to …
Cognitive behavioral treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia in adolescents: A multiple baseline design analysis

In this study, four adolescents with Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PDAG) were treated using cognitive behavior therapy. A multiple baseline design across subjects was used to illustrate the controlling effects of treatment. Panic attacks were eliminated, agoraphobic avoidance was reduced, and self-efficacy for coping with future attacks was enhanced as a function of treatment. In addition, heightened levels of anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety, fear, and depression were reduced to normative levels. Issues related to use of these procedures, and their extension to children, are addressed.
Implications of Parcel-Allocation Variability for Comparing Fit of Item-Solutions and Parcel-Solutions.

This article relates a still-popular motivation for using parceling to an unrecognized cost. The still-popular motivation is improvement in fit with respect to the item-solution. The cost is uncert...
Mobile phase effects in reversed-phase chromatography VI. Thermodynamic models for retention and its dependence on mobile phase composition and temperature

The physico-chemical framework is examined by comparing the predictions of three models for the combined effects of the composition of the hydroorganic mobile phase and the column temperature on the retention ofn-alkylbenzenes on hydrocarbonaceous bonded stationary phases. The “well-mixed” model leads to expressions for the dependence of retention on three factors which are equivalent to those derived previously from linear extrathermodynamic relationships. The “diachoric” model stems from the assumption that the mobile phase is microscopically heterogeneous and the “displacement” model is identical to the retention model most widely used in chromatography with polar sorbents and less polar solvents. Over limited ranges of mobile phase composition and temperature, each model does describe retention behavior. However, only the wellmixed model describes retention well over the entire range of mobile phase composition and temperature studied here. The success of the well-mixed model, and its limits, give insight into the role of the organic solvent in determining the magnitude of chromatographic retention on non-polar stationary phases with hydro-organic eluents.
Wave V Latency and Chirp (Linear Frequency Ramp): Repetition Rate

Chirps or linear frequency ramps served as stimuli for eliciting brainstem electric responses (BER). Chirps were presented in a range from 1.2 to 8.7 kHz, both falling and rising, with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 10, 20, 50 and 100 ms. All parameters influenced the BER. The latency of wave Vdecreased with increasing mean frequency of the chirps and ISIs. Wave latency is affected by the interaction of chirp frequency, direction of sweep and ISI in a complex fashion.
Serum β-2 Microglobulin Levels Are a Significant Prognostic Factor in Philadelphia Chromosome-positive Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Our objective was to investigate the prognostic significance of serum beta-2 microglobulin (B2M) levels among patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). All patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive early chronic phase CML (i.e., within 1 year of diagnosis) treated with IFN alpha-based therapy at the M. D. Anderson Cancer Center between 1980 and 1997, in whom pretreatment B2M levels were available, were investigated. Two hundred one patients were evaluable. Their median B2M was 2.2 mg/dl (range, 1.1-20 mg/dl). Serum B2M levels were associated with other variables of prognostic significance, including age, spleen size, WBC count, percentage of peripheral and marrow blasts, and percentage of marrow basophils. Patients with B2M levels >2.9 mg/dl (ie., the upper quartile of the distribution) had a significantly lower rate of major cytogenetic response compared to those in the lower three quartiles (20 versus 52%; P 2.9 mg/dl) could identify a group of patients with an adverse outcome within patients in stage I disease (P = 0.02). Results for patients in stages 2-4 were inconclusive because of the small number of patients in these groups. We conclude that serum B2M levels are an important, and probably independent, prognostic factor for patients with CML in early chronic phase treated with IFN-based therapy.
Significance of Network Chain-Length Distribution in Chemical Stress Relaxation Studies

Abstract The theoretically expected network chain-length distribution for networks where the cross-link points are randomly distributed in the bulk of the material would contain a significant fraction of network chains which are much shorter than the average chain length. The contribution of these very short chains to the stress born by a network is an important consideration in chemical stress relaxation studies. It is proposed that by use of a gamma distribution function as a “functional” network chain-length distribution, the effect of such short network chains might be taken into account in deriving stress-time expressions for chemical stress relaxation studies. While this procedure yields a simple expression for the fractional residual stress at a given extent of scission, the error involved in neglecting the effect of the chain-length distribution appears to be small.
7.1.1 SE Tool Selection: Fact or Fiction

This paper will discuss case studies of different processes for the selection of tools. There will be examples of each tool selection process, what drove the final decision, and what the aftermath of that decision was for particular projects involved. Finally, there will be conclusions about these case studies for selection of System Engineering tool processes and what should drive tool selection regardless of selection process. This paper is based on experiences in support of Navy ship developments, Air Defense Systems, Sonar Development, Command Control and Communications Integration.
Multi-angle implementation of atmospheric correction for MODIS (MAIAC): 3. Atmospheric correction

This paper describes the atmospheric correction (AC) component of the Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction algorithm (MAIAC) which introduces a new way to compute parameters of the Ross-Thick Li-Sparse (RTLS) Bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), spectral surface albedo and bidirectional reflectance factors (BRF) from satellite measurements obtained by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). MAIAC uses a time series and spatial analysis for cloud detection, aerosol retrievals and atmospheric correction. It implements a moving window of up to 16 days of MODIS data gridded to 1 km resolution in a selected projection. The RTLS parameters are computed directly by fitting the cloud-free MODIS top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance data stored in the processing queue. The RTLS retrieval is applied when the land surface is stable or changes slowly. In case of rapid or large magnitude change (as for instance caused by disturbance), MAIAC follows the MODIS operational BRDF/albedo algorithm and uses a scaling approach where the BRDF shape is assumed stable but its magnitude is adjusted based on the latest single measurement. To assess the stability of the surface, MAIAC features a change detection algorithm which analyzes relative change of reflectance in the Red and NIR bands during the accumulation period. To adjust for the reflectance variability with the sun-observer geometry and allow comparison among different days (view geometries), the BRFs are normalized to the fixed view geometry using the RTLS model. An empirical analysis of MODIS data suggests that the RTLS inversion remains robust when the relative change of geometry-normalized reflectance stays below 15%. This first of two papers introduces the algorithm, a second, companion paper illustrates its potential by analyzing MODIS data over a tropical rainforest and assessing errors and uncertainties of MAIAC compared to conventional MODIS products.
Inadequate intakes of indispensable amino acids among homebound older adults.

Abstract Adequate dietary intakes of all indispensable amino acids are vital to optimal health. Using three random 24-hour dietary recalls and the newly released Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), we examined the extent and correlates of inadequate dietary intakes of indispensable amino acids among 323 homebound older adults who received home delivered meals. Despite regular receipt of home-delivered meals and controlling for other sample characteristics, three factors were independently associated with usual dietary intake below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) for at least one indispensable amino acidnot regularly eating a breakfast meal, having a diminished sense of taste, and consuming less than 65% of total protein from animal sources. With the greater vulnerability for poor nutritional health among homebound older individuals, policymakers and service providers should strengthen efforts to target the type and amount of protein and tailor programs that address a variety of influences on the ade...
Cyclophilin–CD147 interactions: a new target for anti‐inflammatory therapeutics

CD147 is a widely expressed plasma membrane protein that has been implicated in a variety of physiological and pathological activities. It is best known for its ability to function as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (hence the other name for this protein, EMMPRIN), but has also been shown to regulate lymphocyte responsiveness, monocarboxylate transporter expression and spermatogenesis. These functions reflect multiple interacting partners of CD147. Among these CD147-interacting proteins cyclophilins represent a particularly interesting class, both in terms of structural considerations and potential medical implications. CD147 has been shown to function as a signalling receptor for extracellular cyclophilins A and B and to mediate chemotactic activity of cyclophilins towards a variety of immune cells. Recent studies using in vitro and in vivo models have demonstrated a role for cyclophilin-CD147 interactions in the regulation of inflammatory responses in a number of diseases, including acute lung inflammation, rheumatoid arthritis and cardiovascular disease. Agents targeting either CD147 or cyclophilin activity showed significant anti-inflammatory effects in experimental models, suggesting CD147-cyclophilin interactions may be a good target for new anti-inflammatory therapeutics. Here, we review the recent literature on different aspects of cyclophilin-CD147 interactions and their role in inflammatory diseases.