cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Neuropsychological Performance Patterns of Adult ADHD Subtypes

Objective: Neuropsychological performance patterns associated with adult ADHD subtypes are unknown. The aim of the current systematic review was to identify and synthesize available literature regarding neuropsychological performance associated with adult ADHD subtypes. Method: Searches were completed using the databases PsycINFO and PubMed for studies published before March 2017 addressing adult ADHD subtypes and neuropsychological performance. Data characterizing the neuropsychological tests utilized in each study were obtained and sorted into eight domains. To summarize the results of all comparisons (ADHD subtype compared with control, or to each other), we counted the proportion of tests within each domain with significant group differences. Results/Conclusion: We deemed four domains informative in differentiating ADHD subtypes from controls. Of these, memory was the only domain that held promise in distinguishing ADHD-Inattentive and ADHD-Combined. Limitations of the available literature are highlighted and recommendations for future research are provided.
Spatial variability of compacted aggregate bases

Abstract This paper evaluates the construction quality of aggregate base course layers in terms of the variability and uniformity in density and modulus based measurements. Field and laboratory tests were conducted on 10 aggregate base course layers during HMA pavement construction in Wisconsin. Field tests consisted of in-place unit weight, LWD, DCP, and Stiffness Gauge measurement while laboratory tests included particle size analysis, compaction test, and repeated load triaxial test. Moreover, sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the influence of the base course layer input parameters on the long-term performance of HMA pavements using the AASHTOWare Pavement ME Design software. Field and laboratory test results demonstrated the existence of high spatial variability in both density (relative compaction ranged from 82.6 to 109.1%, with 17% of test points having values
Comparison of Turbulence in Hii Regions and Molecular Clouds

Both the HII Regions and the Molecular Clouds show broadening of their emission lines beyond that expected from thermal motion and this is ascribed to turbulence. Turbulence in molecular clouds generally agrees with a model where the velocity of motion is determined by the Alfven velocity. Turbulence in Galactic HII Regions and Giant Extragalactic HII Regions can also be studied by the width of the emission lines. The magnitude of the turbulent velocities in these regions are characteristically about 10 km/s. There is a general increase in turbulent velocity with the size of the HII Region, and this relation is close to but different from the one third power dependence expected from the most naive application of Kolmogorov theory. When a detailed study is conducted of each Galactic HII Region by means of the structure function, one finds that there is not agreement with Kolmogorov theory.The Size-Turbulent versus Velocity relation for Galactic HII Regions differs slightly from the better defined velocity relation for Giant Extragalactic HII Regions. This difference is probably due to the fact that the larger extragalactic objects are probably complexes of multiple individual HII Regions. There is no evidence that broadening of extragalactic HE Regions is due to motion about a common center of mass.
Worse than the three impostors? towards an interpretation of Theodor Ludwig Lau’s Meditationes philosophicae de Deo, mundo, homine

Theodor Ludwig Lau was obviously disappointed when the University of Halle upheld the decisions taken at Frankfurt am Main to condemn, confiscate, and burn the pamphlet he had anonymously published there in 1717, the Meditationes philosophicae de Deo,mundo, hommne, and to exile its author. He had expected better from his former teacher Christian Thomasius, and he complained that, even if his Meditationes had been worse than that ‘erzgottloseste Traktat’ De tribus impostoribus, such a crime merited confiscation at most; that any harm should befall its author ran counter to the spirit of Protestantism, he asserted rather mysteriously.2
When to Consult Endocrinology

Hyperglycemia is common among hospitalized patients, and improved glycemic control has been shown to improve clinical outcomes such as infection risk and hospital length of stay (LOS). Improved glycemic control can be facilitated through a diabetes care team or general endocrinology consultation. One retrospective study examined the effect of diabetes team consultation on the outcome LOS, and the investigators reported a 56% shorter LOS among those patients who were seen by a diabetes team versus those who had no consultation.
Stability of the direct self-tuning regulator

The direct self tuning regulator (STR) with parameter projection is finite gain stable when it is applied to a system where small modeling errors and bounded output perturbations are present. The modeled part of the plant is assumed to be stably invertible; the estimated parameters are projected into a compact convex set which contains a stabilizing controller and excludes the possibility of dividing with small numbers. The convexity assumption implies that we fix the sign and the lower bound for the high frequency gain of the estimated model. The extended plant state converges exponentially fast to an attractor which may be chaotic. The rate of convergence and size of ultimate bounds are estimated. The true plant with the unmodeled dynamics may have unstable zeros and there may be errors in the estimate of the delay.
A Scale to Measure Teachers’ Self-Efficacy in Deaf-Blindness Education:

IntroductionThe Teacher Efficacy in Deafblindness Education Scale (TEDE) was developed to expand the construct of self-efficacy to teach children with deaf-blindness.MethodsEighty-seven special edu...
Student Perceptions: The Influence of a Nursing Workforce Diversity Grant on Retention

This article reports the perceptions of Hispanic/Latino and American Indian students concerning the influence of a Nursing Workforce Diversity Grant (ALCANCE) on their educational experiences in a baccalaureate nursing program. The grant provided an educational pipeline for these students, supporting them financially, personally, and academically from middle school through graduation from the nursing program. Fifteen students receiving grant services during the upper-division nursing major completed a 76-item questionnaire assessing the influence of such services at the end of each of four semesters in the nursing program. Analysis of these questionnaires and examination of responses to open-ended questions at the end of each instrument indicated a generally positive influence of ALCANCE on student experiences. However, there remains a need for the creation of additional caring educational environments and further research to better understand effective strategies for addressing recruitment and retention in American Indian and Hispanic/Latino nursing students.
Uncertainty distributions using fuzzy logic

In this chapter, we look at the problem of developing a probability density function (PDF) with little or no numerical data and from that PDF generating a cumulative distribution function (CDF). We use the CDF to help us find a reliability estimate, or limits, on that estimate, for a determined value, for a given variable under study. We have used fuzzy logic and expert judgment to produce the required PDE The technique used here is similar to the fuzzy control techniques described in Chapter 8. One major difference is that instead of utilizing only a single value that would normally be produced by defuzzification of the "truncated" output membership functions, we use all the information that we have generated. This includes the entire truncated output membership function that represents the variance of the knowledge generated by the fuzzy rule system. In this chapter, we also use the probability controller technique, described in Chapter 8, to analyze the same problem.
CT imaging of inflatable penile prosthesis complications: a pictorial essay

Inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) are widely used in the United States, for patients with erectile dysfunction refractory to other treatments. Complications subsequent to IPP insertion include infection, hematoma, fluid leak, component (cylinder/pump/reservoir) complications, and retained previous IPP components. Radiologists are often called upon to identify and characterize these complications utilizing CT prior to intervention. Our paper aims to provide a guide to familiarize radiologists with normal IPP component imaging and review the CT findings of commonly encountered complications. In this study, we retrospectively reviewed CT reports with descriptions of IPPs from 108 patients. We collected CT images of normal IPP components as well as reevaluated the CT findings of 33 patients with an IPP complication and correlated with immediately subsequent operative report. The CT appearance of appropriately positioned normal IPP components in asymptomatic patients and each complication were described and compared to previous literature. CT is a very useful modality to assess an IPP-related complication. It is inexpensive, fast, and immediately available in emergent situations, e.g., infection, hematoma, and component erosion. Additionally, CT is very sensitive and makes it easier to diagnose a system leak. It can identify most cylinder complications and pump malposition and can be extremely helpful to the surgeon in preoperative planning if revision is needed. After this review, the radiologist should be able to identify normal IPP components and their complications.
Temperature Stabilized MEMS Capacitor for Inertial Sensing Application

This paper presents a proposed method to stabilize the open loop scale factor of a gyroscope against environmental effects (particularly temperature variation) with experimental results. This is achieved by applying electronic feedback to control the DC bias across a MEMS capacitor that is to be used in the gyroscope charge sensing amplifier, thereby stabilizing against temperature variations. In this work, a MEMS cantilever capacitor design was used, and the capacitance change was differentially sensed through two pads located underneath the MEMS cantilever beam. A controlled DC bias voltage was then applied to electrostatically return the capacitance to its initial value. Results show that differential changes in capacitance may accurately sense down to 10s of ppm.
EFFECT OF X-IRRADIATION ON DNA SYNTHESIS IN POLYOMA VIRUS-INFECTED CULTURES.

Summary Autoradiographic studies using tritiated thymidine were carried out to elucidate the changes of DNA synthesis in mouse-embryo cell cultures infected with polyoma virus. Measurement of DNA synthesis, as determined by the percentage of tritium-labeled cells and the grain count per nucleus, indicated the extent of DNA synthesized at the cellular level during polyoma virus infection. Immunofluorescent studies were also carried out and provided a measure of the presence of viral antigen in the infected cells. Combined analyses were made to elucidate directly the relationship between viral antigen and DNA in the same cell. In order to demonstrate that the DNA synthesized was related to virus multiplication only, the cultures X-irradiated before or after virus infection were compared with non-irradiated infected cultures. 1. It was found that the increase in DNA synthesis as a result of Polyoma-virus infection can be ascribed to both host cellular and viral DNA. In X-irradiated polyoma-infected cultures, however, the increase in DNA synthesis can be ascribed to newly synthesized viral DNA. 2. Time curves of virus multiplication and of the increase in DNA synthesis in the X-irradiated infected cultures were found to be similar to those in the non-irradiated cultures infected with polyoma virus. 3. X-irradiation of cell cultures at 5 or 24 hr after polyoma virus infection showed the same pattern of DNA synthesis, virus multiplication and CPE as that observed in non-irradiated infected culture. This finding indicates that a “radiostabilization« effect occurs in polyoma virus-infected cell cultures. 4. It was suggested that host cellular DNA synthesis at the time of Polyoma-virus infection does not appear to be responsible for viral DNA synthesis.
Communicating adjuvant treatment goals and side effects to older breast cancer patients

8541 Background: The use of adjuvant therapy, particularly adjuvant chemotherapy, in older breast cancer patients is controversial. For patients to participate and provide their treatment preferenc...
Proteomic Biomarkers for Color in Beef Longissimus Lumborum Aged for 21 Days

ObjectivesMeat color is highly critical to fresh beef marketability as it influences consumer purchase decisions at the point-of-sale. Longissimus lumborum (LL) is an economically important and color-stable muscle in beef hindquarter which has been extensively studied with respect to color biochemistry. Previous research indicated that sarcoplasmic proteome influences fresh beef color. Post-mortem aging employed to improve beef tenderness and palatability can influence color as well as the sarcoplasmic proteome. Our objective was to examine color attributes and sarcoplasmic proteome profile of beef LL during wet-aging, and to identify potential biomarkers for beef color attributes.Materials and MethodsLL muscles were obtained from both sides of eight (n = 8) beef carcasses (USDA Choice, 24 h post-mortem). LL from each side was further divided into two equal-length sections and vacuum-packaged. The vacuum-packaged muscle sections were randomly assigned to aging at 2°C for either 0 (LL0), 7 (LL7), 14 (LL14), or 21 (LL21) days. On each aging period, muscle sections were fabricated into 2.5-cm thick steaks. Samples for proteome analysis obtained during fabrication were frozen at –80°C. After respective aging, the steaks were allowed to bloom for 2 h, and lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hue (trueness of red), chroma (saturation index), pH, and metmyoglobin reducing activity (MRA) were evaluated. The color data, pH, and MRA were analyzed using MIXED procedure in SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). Sarcoplasmic proteome was analyzed using two-dimensional electrophoresis (pH 5 to 8; 13.5% acrylamide gels). The images of Coomassie Blue-stained gels were obtained using VersaDoc and were analyzed by PDQuest software. The influence of aging on proteome profile was examined by comparing LL0 against rest of the aging days. Protein spots exhibiting 1.5–fold intensity difference and associated with P 0.05) on all aging days. Proteome analyses revealed that adenylate kinase isoenzyme 1 was more abundant in LL7, whereas creatine kinase M-type, β-enolase, phosphoglucomutase-1, heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein, and alanine aminotransferase 1 were more abundant in LL14. Comparison of LL0 and LL21 proteomes revealed greater abundance of ɑ-enolase in LL21, whereas malate dehydrogenase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were more abundant in LL0.ConclusionOur results indicated that beef LL demonstrates lower surface redness, lightness, yellowness, hue, and chroma on d 0 of aging compared to the other aging periods. Majority of the differentially abundant proteins observed in LL during aging are chaperones and enzymes associated with energy metabolism. Chaperones have been reported to prevent protein denaturation and aggregation in biological systems, whereas metabolic enzymes are well-known to play a critical role on beef color biochemistry. Therefore, these findings indicated that differentially abundant sarcoplasmic proteins could be utilized as potential biomarkers for color attributes in fresh beef LL.
Dose uncertainty and resolution of polymer gel dosimetry using an MRI guided radiation therapy system's onboard 0.35 T scanner.

Abstract Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners are widely used for 3D gel dosimeters readout. However, limited access to MRI scanners is a challenge in MRI-based gel dosimetry. Recent clinical implementation of MRI-guided radiation therapy machines provides potential opportunities for onboard gel dosimetry using its MRI subsystem. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of gel dosimetry using ViewRay’s onboard 0.35 T MRI scanner. A BANG® polymer gel dosimeter was irradiated by three beams of 3 × 3 cm2 field size. The T2 relaxation rate (R2) of the irradiated gel was measured using a Philips 1.5 T Ingenia MRI and a ViewRay 0.35 T onboard MRI and spin-echo pulse sequences. The number of signal averages (NSA) was set to 16 for the ViewRay acquisitions and one for the Philips 1.5 T MRI to achieve similar signal-to-noise ratios. The in-plane spatial resolution was 1.5 × 1.5 mm2 and the slice thickness was 5 mm. The relative dose uncertainty was obtained using R2 versus dose curves to compare the performance of dosimetry using the two different MRIs and field strengths. The dose uncertainty decreased from 12% at 2 Gy to 3.5% at 7.5 Gy at 1.5 T. The dose uncertainty decreased from 13% at 2 Gy to 4% at 7.5 Gy with NSA = 16 and 3 × 3 mm2 pixel size, and from 10.5% at 2 Gy to 3.2% at 7.5 Gy with NSA = 16 and denoised R2 maps (1.5 × 1.5 mm2 pixel size) at 0.35 T. The mean of dose resolution was 0.4 Gy at 1.5 T while the mean of dose resolution was 0.8 Gy and 0.64 Gy at 0.35 T by downsampling and denoising the R2 map, respectively. Therefore, comparable dose uncertainty was achievable using the ViewRay’s onboard 0.35 T and Philips 1.5 T MRI scanners. 3D gel dosimetry using onboard low-field MRI scanner provides ViewRay users a 3D high resolution dosimetry option besides film and ionization chamber.
Society of Behavioral Medicine Update: retain support for the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable's call to action to reach 80% colorectal cancer screening

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the USA. CRC can be prevented through regular screening and removal of precancerous polyps. However, roughly one third of eligible adults in the USA are not up to date with recommended CRC screening. To increase timely CRC screening uptake in the USA, in 2014, the National Colorectal Cancer Roundtable (NCCRT) launched 80% by 2018. This multilevel effort involved more than 1,500 pledged organizations targeting patients, providers, health care systems, and policymakers to increase U.S. CRC screening rates to 80% by 2018. Concurrent with this campaign, between 2012 and 2018, CRC screening rates increased nationwide by 3.6% from 65.2% to 68.8%, meaning that about 9.3 million more U.S. adults are being screened. NCCRT attributes these successes to widespread implementation of center- and system-wide evidence-based interventions to increase screening uptake, including direct patient communication, provider reminders via electronic health records, and patient navigation, among others. Moving beyond 2018, NCCRT has rebranded the initiative as the 80% Pledge and has since identified several targeted campaigns, including increased outreach to Hispanics, Latinos, and Asians, whose CRC screening uptake remains less than 50%; encouragement of Medicaid outreach activities around CRC screening in all 50 states; and advocacy for screening right at 50 years of age. Society of Behavioral Medicine continues to support NCCRT and encourages policymakers to do the same by taking legislative action to assure funding for Medicaid outreach, research innovations, and clinical quality improvement that supports the 80% Pledge.
Predictors of generativity and satisfaction with life in a sample of women offenders

This article identifies predictors of two influences on desistance from crime – generativity (caring for others) and life satisfaction. Using data from a five-year longitudinal study of 260 women o...
A decomposition-based algorithm for learning the structure of multivariate regression chain graphs

Abstract We extend the decomposition approach for learning Bayesian networks (BNs) proposed by Xie et al. (2006) [54] to learning multivariate regression chain graphs (MVR CGs), which include BNs as a special case. The same advantages of this decomposition approach hold in the more general setting: reduced complexity and increased power of computational independence tests. Moreover, latent (hidden) variables can be represented in MVR CGs by using bidirected edges, and our algorithm correctly recovers any independence structure that is faithful to an MVR CG, thus greatly extending the range of applications of decomposition-based model selection techniques. Simulations under a variety of settings demonstrate the competitive performance of our method in comparison with the PC-like algorithm (Sonntag and Pena, 2012) [43] . In fact, the decomposition-based algorithm usually outperforms the PC-like algorithm except in running time. The performance of both algorithms is much better when the underlying graph is sparse.
Advanced care planning: The concept over time.

BACKGROUND The process of advanced care planning (ACP) assists patients to clarify goals for the end of life. DESIGN The concept analysis used the Walker and Avant approach to analyze the concept of ACP. DATA SOURCES Dictionary definitions, historical documents, position statements and database searches were performed in PubMed to yield 187 articles which were reviewed for use of the concept. Additional sources were reviewed for relevance of the concept over time. RESULTS The historical progression of the concept of ACP in the literature has progressed from a legal concept to a prominent concept in the medical literature. CONCLUSION This analysis aims to improve clarity of the concept of ACP. The article offers provides details of necessary components of these important discussions to improve nurse's awareness of the ACP process. Conceptual understanding will help nurses be better equipped to disseminate information regarding ACP with patients and families.
SU-D-BRB-06: Treating Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) as a Chronic Disease: Implication of Temporal-Spatial Dose Fractionation Optimization Including Cancer Stem Cell Dynamics

Purpose: To explore the feasibility of improving GBM treatment outcome with temporal-spatial dose optimization of an ordinary differential equation (ODE) that models the differentiation and distinct radiosensitivity between cancer stem cells (CSC) and differentiated cancer cells (DCC). Methods: The ODE was formulated into a non-convex optimization problem with the objective to minimize remaining total cancer cells 500 days from the onset of radiotherapy when the total cancer cell number was 3.5×10⁷, while maintaining normal tissue biological effective dose (BED) of 100Gy resulted from standard prescription of 2Gyx30. Assuming spatially separated CSC and DCC, optimization was also performed to explore the potential benefit from dose-painting the two compartments. Dose escalation to a sub-cell-population in the GTV was also examined assuming that a 2 cm margin around the GTV allows sufficient dose drop-off to 100Gy BED. The recurrence time was determined as the time at which the total cancer cell number regrows to 109 cells. Results: The recurrence time with variable fractional doses administered once per week, bi-week and month for one year were found to be 615, 593 and 570 days, superior to the standard-prescription recurrence time of 418 days. The optimal dose-fraction size progression for both uniform and dose-painting to the tumor is low and relatively constant in the beginning and gradually increases to more aggressive fractions at end of the treatment course. Dose escalation to BED of 200Gy to the whole tumor alongside with protracted weekly treatment was found to further delay recurrence to 733 days. Dose-painting of 200 and 500Gy BED to CSC on a year-long weekly schedule further extended recurrence to 736 and 1076 days, respectively. Conclusion: GBM treatment outcome can possibly be improved with a chronic treatment approach. Further dose escalation to the entire tumor or CSC targeted killing is needed to achieve total tumor control. This work is supported by the NSF Graduate Research Fellowship (DGE-1144087).
Marek's Disease Virus

The Marek's disease virus belongs to the Herpesviridae family. There are two serological groups of varied oncogenicity causing lymphoproliferative lesions in the neural elements and sometimes the viscera, muscle, and skin. Chickens are the hosts to Marek's disease. This chapter discusses the key developments and historical movements of this disease. The disease was first described in 1907. A virus was isolated in 1967, and a vaccine followed shortly thereafter. In the 1960s, Marek's disease had an irregular distribution in the United States with variable mortalities. It became a particular problem wherever intensive production was practiced. The vaccine has reduced its economic importance. Fluorescent antibody (FA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID), and virus neutralization are the more recognized serological tests for the diagnosis of the disease. A rapid AGID test using feather follicle antigens has also been used for its diagnosis. The AGID is superior to FA and indirect haemagglutination assay for large-scale testing of the disease. For the indirect FA test, labeled antichicken gammaglobulins are available from several commercial sources.
The White Death: A History of Tuberculosis

Thomas Dormandy Thomas Dormandy Hambledon Press, £25, pp 448 ISBN 1 85285 169 4 Rating: ![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] ![Graphic][3] ![Graphic][4] ![Graphic][5] As I read this book, I have been asking some of my older patients to describe their memories of consumption. They paint a picture of silent terror. A young child develops the disease at the end of a terrace of houses, then a brother contracts it, and his friend three doors down is the next victim. In Ireland in the 1940s, you watched and waited while the white plague went about its deadly work. In the 1950s a workmate might disappear … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [3]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif
The relationship between emotional development and moral development and the differential impact of three psychological interventions on children

This study was designed to determine the impact of three psychological education interventions on the emotional development and moral development of children. Intervention One focused on feeling and feeling content. Intervention Two emphasized moral dilemmas and conflict resolution. Intervention Three, an interactive combination, stressed feelings, moral dilemmas, and conflict resolution. It was hypothesized that Intervention. Three would stimulate emotional and moral development more than would the other interventions. The sample consisted of 72 children randomly selected from a population of third and fourth graders enrolled in a public school located in a suburb of Boston. The students were randomly divided into three treatment groups. They were pretested and posttested using the Dupont Affective Development test and the Kohlberg Moral Judgment Interview. The results indicated that Group Three (subjected to Intervention Three) manifested statistically significant greater gains, F = 3.99, p < .05, than did Groups One and Two on the moral development measure. The three groups as a whole exhibited statistically significant gains, F = 14.46, p < .05, in emotional development. Further, there was a statistically significant relationship (tau = .29, p < .05) between emotional and moral development scores.
Retinoic acid receptors: transcription factors modulating gene regulation, development, and differentiation.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the relatively new field of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) with that of the biological effects of retinoids and suggests the roles for these receptors and strategies for experimentally examining RAR function and specificity. The RARs are members of a superfamily of ligand-inducible transcription factors that includes the steroid receptors, the thyroid hormone receptors, and the vitamin D3 receptor. The RARs remain a very attractive set of candidate genes that may play pivotal roles in differentiation, development, and gene regulation. The chapter describes the modular structure and the molecular specificity of the steroid receptor-like retinoic acid and retinoid X receptors, the biological roles of retinoic acid as well as the current and future approaches for dissecting the developmental specificity and function of the retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors.
Applying MPI derived datatypes to the NAS benchmarks: A case study

MPI derived datatypes are a powerful method to define arbitrary collections of non-contiguous data in memory and to enable non-contiguous data communication in a single MPI function call. In this paper, we employ MPI datatypes in four NAS benchmarks (MG, LU, BT, and SP) to transfer non-contiguous data. Comprehensive performance evaluation was carried out on two clusters: an Itanium-2 Myrinet cluster and a Xeon InfiniBand cluster. Performance results show that using datatypes can achieve performance comparable to manual packing/unpacking in the original benchmarks, though the MPI implementations that were studied also perform internal packing and unpacking on noncontiguous datatype communication. In some cases, better performance can be achieved because of the reduced costs to transfer non-contiguous data. This is because some optimizations in the MPI packing/unpacking implementations can be easily overlooked in manual packing and unpacking by users. Our case study demonstrates that MPI datatypes simplify the implementation of non-contiguous communication and lead to application code with portable performance. We expect that with further improvement of datatype processing and datatype communication such as [10, 24], datatypes can outperform the conventional methods of noncontiguous data communication. Our modified NAS benchmarks can be used to evaluate datatype processing and datatype communication in MPI implementations.
How spinalized rats can walk: biomechanics, cortex, and hindlimb muscle scaling—implications for rehabilitation

Neonatal spinalized (NST) rats can achieve autonomous weight-supported locomotion never seen after adult injury. Mechanisms that support function in NST rats include increased importance of cortical trunk control and altered biomechanical control strategies for stance and locomotion. Hindlimbs are isolated from perturbations in quiet stance and act in opposition to forelimbs in locomotion in NST rats. Control of roll and yaw of the hindlimbs is crucial in their locomotion. The biomechanics of the hind limbs of NST rats are also likely crucial. We present new data showing the whole leg musculature scales proportional to normal rat musculature in NST rats, regardless of function. This scaling is a prerequisite for the NST rats to most effectively use pattern generation mechanisms and motor patterns that are similar to those present in intact rats. Pattern generation may be built into the lumbar spinal cord by evolution and matched to the limb biomechanics, so preserved muscle scaling may be essential to the NST function observed.
Why the Filed Rate Doctrine Should Not Imply Blanket Judicial Deference to Regulatory Agencies

The filed rate doctrine is a venerable doctrine of public utility regulation. Federal courts applying the doctrine frequently defer to the regulatory agency and refuse to consider the merits of alleged violations of antitrust, tort or contract claims where resolution would require a departure from a filed rate. For over a century, the filed rate doctrine has served many important purposes. However, with increased attention to market-based approaches to electric power, natural gas and telecommunications regulation, there is reason to question both the doctrine's continued applicability and usefulness. This short essay argues that, as regulators implement competitive markets in utility industries, at a minimum the traditional principles of deference which courts applied in this context need to be reassessed.
Stochastic look-ahead economic dispatch with flexible ramping product

Under high penetration of wind and solar, the power system is facing the challenge to maintain the balance between generation and load due to the insufficient ramping capability. To resolve this challenge, a new market mechanism was proposed by many ISOs to add the flexible ramping constraints or flexible ramping product to maintain the ramping flexibility in addressing net load uncertainty and variability. The current market practice is mainly based on a deterministic method for identifying the ramping capability requirement, which may increasingly result in insufficient ramping capability. This situation can be further aggravated if deliverability of the flexible ramping product is overly constrained by insufficient transmission. In this paper, a stochastic economic dispatch model with flexible ramping product, accounting for deliverability constraints, is developed to effectively handle the net load uncertainty and variability.
Organizational spiritual leadership of worlds “made” and “found”

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce and define the concepts of “energy” and “feel” into understanding organizational spiritual leadership. It does so through the following. First, it offers a view of workplace spirituality by defining the role of organizational spiritual leadership. Second, it introduces the metaphors of “made” as well as “found” organizational worlds, reflecting a constructivist and positivist perspective, respectively, and highlight their relevance to organizational spirituality. Third, it adapts David Kolb's experiential learning model to articulate an experiential learning model for navigating feel in both “made” and “found” worlds. Finally, it derives implications for leadership and organizational development research and practice in the context of workplace spirituality moving forward. Design/methodology/approach – This is a conceptual paper. It explores the ideas of “feel,” “energy,” and “inspiration” in the context of organizational spirituality. It also articulate...
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a term that encompasses a spectrum of disorders all arising from the placenta, and specifically, from the villous trophoblast of the placenta. These diseases include hydatidiform mole (both complete and partial), invasive mole, choriocarcinoma (CCA), and placental site trophoblastic tumor (PSTT). The term gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) includes the disorders of invasive mole, CCA, and PSTT, as they have significant clinical impact. While in the past, this spectrum of diseases was known to have serious morbidity and mortality, with current diagnosis and treatment, cure rates are quoted to upwards of 98 % (Sebire and Seckle, BMJ 227:A1193, 2008). In this chapter, diagnosis, staging, and management of gestational trophoblastic disease are discussed.
Man-made debris on the Bering Sea floor

Abstract Proposed oil development in the Bering Sea has led to intensive biological assessment surveys there. A benthic trawl, used to collect bottom invertebrates and fishes in these surveys also brings up any man-made debris in its path. A description of this debris, its distribution, and frequency of occurrence are given for the southeastern Bering Sea in 1975 and 1976.
Matching German Culture and Management Style: A Book Review Essay

Managers and management consultants in West Cermany, while cognizant of American management literature and practice, applied their own unique organization development systems and management styles in accomplishing the German “economic miracle”. The Harzburg Model illustrates a distinctive adaptation of Management by Objectives to the German cultural and economic content. Recent social and economic changes may require further adaptations in German management styles.
Structural Evolution During the Initial Epitaxial Growth of Moon on Sapphire

Structural evolution during initial epitaxial growth of Mo (111) and (110) on Al2O3 substrates has been studied using real-time reflection high energy electron diffraction and in-situ scanning tunneling microscopy. The Mo (111) growth on sapphire (0001) is initiated by the formation of small mound-like 3-dimensional (3D) islands that are correlated with unique length scales. The observed surface length scales depend on growth temperature and rate, and they coarsen as the thickness increases. The initial growth of Mo (110) on sapphire (1120) begins with layer-by-layer growth for the first monolayer, and subsequently the growth is 3D with mound-like features that are larger than those corresponding (111) counterparts. In both orientations lattice relaxation occurs within the first 2–3 monolayers.
Sources of variation in profile analysis. I. Individual differences and extended training.

This study investigated two sources of variance in the ability to discriminate auditory profiles: individual differences and extended training. The goals of the study were (1) to determine the range and origins of individual differences in profile analysis and (2) to determine whether those who initially had poor sensitivity to changes in spectral shape could eventually acquire finer sensitivity. Profile stimuli had 11 components with equal-log spacing from 200–2200 Hz. Thresholds ranged from −1 to −25 dB (signal level relative to the context level) across 46 listeners. The correlation between spectral-shape discrimination thresholds after 2000 trials and pure-tone intensity-discrimination thresholds was 0.36. The range of individual differences for pure-tone intensity discrimination and spectral-shape discrimination was about the same. Two groups of listeners were given extended practice on the profile task, one group that showed low thresholds after an initial 2000 trials of practice and another that showed much higher initial thresholds. All listeners improved during the course of the first 2000 trials of training. Most of the poor listeners continued to improve during 9000 trials of training. Individual differences in the listeners’ sensitivity to changes in spectral shape still existed after the extended practice.
Infrequent Illicit Methadone Use Among Stimulant-Using Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment Programs: A National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network Study

We sought to determine the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of past-month illicit methadone use and history of regular illicit use among stimulant-using methadone maintenance treatment patients. We obtained self-reported information on illicit methadone use from 383 participants recruited from six community-based methadone maintenance programs. Overall, 1.6% of participants reported illicit use in the past month, and 4.7% reported a history of regular use. Younger age and history of outpatient psychological treatment were associated with increased odds of past-month illicit use. Illicit methadone use among patients in maintenance programs is infrequent; however, a number of factors may increase risk of illicit use.
Pyroelectric polymer films

Abstract The objective of this investigation was to synthesize polymeric materials of high pyroelectric efficiency and to prepare thin test films suitable for use in pyroelectric vidicons. In our investigation of vinyl-addition polymers with highly polar pendant groups, we concentrated on atactic and isotactic substituted styrenes. Five atactic 4-substituted styrenes, poly(4-bromostyrene), poly(4-nitrostyrene), poly-(4-chlorostyrene), poly(4-methoxystyrene) and poly(4-fluorostyrene), were synthesized and evaluated, as were four isotactic 4-substituted styrenes, poly(4-bromostyrene), poly(4-chlorostyrene), poly(4-methoxystyrene) and poly(4-fluorostyrene). Hot-pressing was found to be a successful method of fabricating thick films of those polymers which did not undergo thermal decomposition near the melting point. Solvent casting of polymer films directly onto the test substrate proved to be the only practical method of handling brittle thin polymer films. Film formation by stretching and blowing was not found to be suitable for most of the polymers investigated. Laser evaporation was found to be a very useful technique for the preparation of polymer test films. Laser-evaporated poly(vinyl fluoride) showed the highest known pyroelectric coefficient for this material (1.8×10 -9 C/cm 2 °K). None of the poly(4-substituted styrenes) showed any substantial pyro-electric behavior. This result can be attributed to their characteristics helical structure and lack of net permanent dipole moment.
Liver transplantation from controlled non-heart-beating donors.

Background. The use of organs from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) has been proposed as one way to increase the donor pool. However, few centers have transplanted livers from NHBDs. We report here the results of 19 liver transplants from controlled NHBDs. Methods. From January 1993 through August 1999, 364 liver transplantations were performed from heart-beating donors (HBDs) and 19 liver transplantations were performed from NHBDs. Donor and recipient characteristics, posttransplant complications, and patient and allograft survival were compared. Results. No differences in hepatic artery, portal vein, or biliary complications were noted between the groups. However, the rate of primary nonfunction was higher in recipients of livers from NHBDs (10.5% vs 1.3%; P =.04). No difference in patient survival was seen between recipients of NHBDs or HBDs (72.6% vs 84.8%; P =.36); however, allograft survival was lower in recipients who received livers from NHBDs (53.8% vs 80.9%; P =.007). Conclusions. Liver transplantation from controlled NHBDs results in similar patient survival and post-transplant complications. However, primary nonfunction was higher and allograft survival was less in recipients of livers from NHBDs. The results of liver transplantation from controlled NHBDs are encouraging and should continue to be cautiously pursued as one way to help alleviate the current shortage of donor livers.(Surgery 2000;128:579-88.)
Connected Area Coverage Sets in Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks consist of small sensor nodes with limited battery and processing capability. During any time, a number of sensor nodes must be kept active to sense the covered area and maintain the connectivity to the base station. This paper addresses the minimum connected area coverage set problem with equal sensing and communicating radii. With location information of its neighbor, each node selects minimum number of its neighbor nodes as sensing and forwarding nodes to cover the sensing area of itself and all its neighbors and guarantee the connectivity to all its two-hop neighbors. After exchanging the sensing and forwarding node set with its neighbors, each node decides whether it should be active. The active sensor nodes together guarantee area coverage and connectivity. The proposed algorithm is fully localized with O(n log n) time complexity and O(n) message complexity where n is the maximum number of neighbors.
Paleoenvironmental implications of concentration and 13C/12C ratios of Fe(CO3)OH in goethite from a mid-latitude Cenomanian laterite in southwestern Minnesota.

Abstract A mid-Cretaceous (∼95 Ma) laterite in southwestern Minnesota contains pisolites that consist primarily of gibbsite, quartz, and kaolinite with smaller amounts of goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite. The presence of minor berthierine (an Fe(II) sheet silicate) suggests that this Cenomanian laterite experienced some degree of low temperature reductive diagenesis during its burial history. The prospects for extracting useful paleoenvironmental information from the pisolitic goethite were explored by studying measured mole fraction (Xm) and δ13Cm values of the Fe(CO3)OH component in solid solution in the goethite using the method of incremental vacuum dehydration–decarbonation. Data arrays that occupy distinctly different domains in plots of δ13Cm vs. 1/Xm suggest the existence of two generations of goethite in the pisolites. The apparently younger generation of goethite (“generation 2”) evolves CO2 at 170 °C, while the older generation (“generation 1”) evolves CO2 at 220 °C. The distribution of the data suggests that generation 2 goethite is a proxy for mixing of CO2 from three distinct CO2 sources in an oxidative environment which post-dated the reductive diagenesis. The small amount of generation 1 goethite seems to have persisted through the reductive diagenesis, and nine of the generation 1 goethite data appear to define a proxy, two-endmember, soil CO2 mixing line. Such two-component mixing is consistent with expectations for a highly evolved, carbonate-free laterite (i.e., the pre-diagenetic Cenomanian weathering system). The δ13Cm values of these nine data points range from −23.1‰ to −13.7‰, whereas Xm values range from 0.0007 to 0.0222. Linear regression of these nine data yields a slope of 0.0064, which corresponds to an ancient tropospheric CO2 concentration of about 1900 ppmV. Isotopic data from pisolitic kaolinite indicate a paleotemperature of about 24 °C at a paleolatitude of ∼40°N. This is substantially warmer than modern continental temperatures at such latitudes and is consistent with published indications of a generally warmer mid-Cretaceous climate. Moreover, the correspondence of a warmer mid-Cretaceous climate with the inferred, relatively high concentration of Cenomanian tropospheric CO2 (∼1900 ppmV) is consistent with the idea that variations of atmospheric CO2 have a relation to climate change. The results of this study emphasize the importance of careful evaluation of incremental dehydration–decarbonation data from natural goethites to assess the possibility that more than one generation of goethite is present in a sample. However, the results also indicate that the carbon isotope information recorded in admixed goethite generations may be sorted out and used in paleoenvironmental interpretations.
Animal-Assisted Therapy with Female Inmates with Mental Illness: A Case Example From a Pilot Program

Female offenders' mental health needs have consistently been shown to exceed those of male offenders. Incarcerated women report higher rates of violent victimization, major depression, posttraumatic stress diorder, mood disorders, substance use disorders, and personality disorders. For years, researchers have examined the human-animal relationship through the lens of attachment theory in order to understand the symbiosis that exists. The following article describes a pilot animal-assisted therapy program implemented at Utah State Prison for female inmates struggling with mental illness. Following this description, a clinical case example is used to illustrate the impact of this program on a particular group member.
On product expansions of partition functions

Abstract Van Kampen's cluster expansion method for a classical real gas - in which the canonical (configurational) partition function is expanded into a infinite product - is generalized in order to make it applicable to more general systems with weak correlations. Two applications are considered: a simplified derivation of the formal expressions for the virial coefficients of a quantum gas and a deriviation of the necessary condition for the validity of Curie's law for an isolated spin system with dipole-dipole and exchange interactions.
Commentary: Comparison of the US and EU approaches to stimulating biofuels

There are some similarities and many differences between the US and EU approaches to stimulating the production and use of biofuels. In the early years, both the USA and EU relied on subsidies. In ...