cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Lagrangean Relaxation Approach for Very-Large-Scale Capacitated Lot-Sizing

In this paper, we develop a Lagrangean relaxation-based heuristic procedure to generate near-optimal solutions to very-large-scale capacitated lot-sizing problems CLSP with setup times and limited overtime. Our computational results show that large problems involving several thousand products and several thousand 0/1 integer variables can be solved in a reasonable amount of computer time to within one percent of their optimal solution. The proposed procedure is general enough to be applied directly or with slight modification to real-life production problems.
MMPI comparisons of blacks and whites: A review and commentary

This article reviewed six of the eight summaries of Black-White MMPI studies that have been published from 1960 to 1987. The first summarizers had 4 studies to deal with; the most recent had 53
Design, Syntheses, Complexation, and Electrochemistry of Polynuclear Metallodendrimers Possessing Internal Metal Binding Loci

Dendrimers possessing internal bipyridine ligands have been synthesized and transformed into their [Ru(bpy′) (bpy)2]2+ complexes (see figure). These metallodendrimers have been characterized by using UV-VIS spectroscopy, Cyclic Voltammetry, and MALDI-TOF Mass spectrometry.
Case reports of individuals with oligospermia and methylene chloride exposures

Between December 7, 1984 and June, 1986, 34 men with exposure to methylene chloride were evaluated at the Greater Cincinnati Occupational Health Center (GCOHC). Their primary complaint involved problems associated with central nervous system dysfunction. However, 8 of the 34 men complained of testicular, epididymal or lower abdominal pain (found on exam to be prostatic in origin) and had clinical histories consistent with infertility. Semen specimens from four volunteers were found to be in the subfertile or infertile range with regard to motility, morphology and sperm density.
Reasons for studying: Motivational orientations and study strategies.

This study explored the relationship among (a) individual differences in three motivational or goal orientations and (b) valuing and use of study strategies by eighth graders reading expository passages. Task orientation (the goal of learning or understanding for its own sake) was positively correlated with both perceived value and use of strategies requiring deep processing of information. To a lesser degree, task orientation correlated with valuing and use of strategies requiring only surface-level processing. Ego orientation (the goal of demonstrating high ability relative to others) was positively related to use and perceived value of surface-level strategies only. Work avoidance (academic alienation) was negatively related to use and valuing of both kinds of strategies. A path analysis indicated that task orientation, more than perceived ability or knowledge of the value of deep-processing strategies, predicts the spontaneous use of these strategies. That the prediction held over an interval of 4 to ...
HOP2-MND1 modulates RAD51 binding to nucleotides and DNA

The HOP2-MND1 heterodimer is required for progression of homologous recombination in eukaryotes. In vitro, HOP2-MND1 stimulates the DNA strand exchange activities of RAD51 and DMC1. We demonstrate that HOP2-MND1 induces changes in the conformation of RAD51 that profoundly alter the basic properties of RAD51. HOP2-MND1 enhances the interaction of RAD51 with nucleotide cofactors and modifies its DNA-binding specificity in a manner that stimulates DNA strand exchange. It enables RAD51 DNA strand exchange in the absence of divalent metal ions required for ATP binding and offsets the effect of the K133A mutation that disrupts ATP binding. During nucleoprotein formation HOP2-MND1 helps to load RAD51 on ssDNA restricting its dsDNA-binding and during the homology search it promotes dsDNA binding removing the inhibitory effect of ssDNA. The magnitude of the changes induced in RAD51 defines HOP2-MND1 as a 'molecular trigger' of RAD51 DNA strand exchange.
Dating of meteorites by the high-temperature release of iodine-correlated Xe129

Abstract Correlations between the amounts of Xe129 and Xe128 released in stepwise heating of neutron-irradiated meteorites are used to determine the initial ratio I 129 I 127 and hence a relative formation time for the various samples. In such an experiment, we obtain the formation times in millions of years (relative to the L4 chondrite Bjurbole) of nine specimens: −3.9 ± 0.7 for Karoonda (C4 chondrite); 3.1 ± 0.6 and 10.5 ± 0.7 for the matrix and chondrules, respectively, of Chainpur (LL3); 7.5 ± 1.0 for St. Severin (LL6); 3.9 ± 2.9 and −2.3 ± 1.0 for the matrix and chondrules, respectively, of Allegan (H5); 3.6 ± 0.7 for Pena Blanca Spring and 20.8 ± 9.5 for Bishopville (aubrites); 3.8 ± 0.7 for a silicate inclusion of the iron meteorite El Taco (Campo del Cielo). No assumptions are made about the amount of Xe129 in the trapped gas. The correlations for previously published data have also been recalculated in the same way, with no assumptions about trapped Xe129. For a group of chondrites previously reported to be isochronous with a mean simultaneity of 2.5 million years, the recalculation confirms this mean simultaneity, but significant differences in formation times are resolved. An iodine-xenon age of 53 ± 9 million years (after Bjurbole) is obtained from unpublished data for the achondrite Lafayette. The reliability of iodine-xenon ages of individual meteorites is considered; in particular, the ages of Bishopville and Lafayette are less reliable than those of most other meteorites studied, especially in view of the anomalous ages reported. The relevance of iodine-xenon dating to theories of nucleosynthesis, early solar system chronology, and theories of meteorite parent-body formation is discussed.
Delivery to the Sharp End of the Spear: Responding to the Need for Library Support to the Deployed and Downrange Military Community

ABSTRACT Libraries that support military patrons often face unique challenges. One of the most traumatic is the temporary transfer, or sudden deployment of members of the university community, often in the middle of an academic term, sometimes without notice or adequate preparation time. Not too long ago such an event would almost certainly have interrupted if not altogether halted students’ academic progress until they could return to the parent institution. Technology now in place has allowed many of these students to continue their education regardless of their physical locations, and libraries will have to improvise with regard to the delivery of resources and materials to the “sharp end of the spear.”
The Politics of Soviet and Nazi Genocides in Orange Ukraine

Abstract This article examines policies and public attitudes concerning the issue of Soviet and Nazi genocides in Ukraine after the ‘Orange Revolution’. The central question is whether such factors as regional political culture affect contemporary policies and public attitudes towards these important historical issues. The article uses a 2008 survey conducted for this study by the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology to analyse determinants of public attitudes concerning the question of whether Soviet and the Nazi policies were genocidal. It finds that regional political culture is the most significant factor affecting policies and attitudes towards the Soviet genocide in Ukraine.
Climate change projections for lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) recruitment in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes

Abstract Lake whitefish ( Coregonus clupeaformis ) is an ecologically, culturally, and economically important species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Lake whitefish have been a staple food source for thousands of years and, since 1980, have supported the most economically valuable (annual catch value ≈ US$16.6 million) and productive (annual harvest ≈ 7 million kg) commercial fishery in the upper Great Lakes (Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior). Climate changes, specifically changes in temperature, wind, and ice cover, are expected to impact the ecology, production dynamics, and value of this fishery because the success of recruitment to the fishery has been linked with these climatic variables. We used linear regression to determine the relationship between fall and spring air temperature indices, fall wind speed, winter ice cover, and lake whitefish recruitment in 13 management units located in the 1836 Treaty Waters of the Upper Great Lakes ceded by the Ottawa and Chippewa nations, a culturally and commercially important region for the lake whitefish fishery. In eight of the 13 management units evaluated, models including one or more climate variables (temperature, wind, ice cover) explained significantly more variation in recruitment than models with only the stock–recruitment relationship, using corrected Akaike's Information Criterion comparisons (ΔAICc > 3). Isolating the climate–recruitment relationship and projecting recruitment with the Coupled Hydrosphere-Atmosphere Research Model (CHARM) indicated the potential for increased lake whitefish recruitment in the majority of the 1836 Treaty Waters management units. These results can inform adaptive management strategies by providing anticipated implications of climate on lake whitefish recruitment.
Body Proportions of Fashion Illustrations, 1840–1940, Compared with the Greek Ideal of Female Beauty

Comparisons of the body proportions of the Greek ideal of female beauty with mean body propor tions of fashion figures of costume silhouette periods, 1840 through 1940, revealed that fashion illustrators in general have not adhered to the Greek ideal over time. In addition, comparisons of mean body proportions as well as the popular types of hair styles, face shapes, and shoulder slopes of sketched figures from three periods of stable costume silhouettes and two periods of transition from one silhouette to another revealed that the mean body proportions and the popularity of specific types of features changed during both.
Velcrands with snaps and their conformational control

A novel class of self-folding velcrands was prepared that dimerize through intermolecular forces. Solvophobic interactions on extended π surfaces stabilize the dimer similar to velcrands, while eight hydrogen bonds act like snaps to hold the molecules together. The self-complementary array of hydrogen bonding sites were incorporated on the upper rim of a resorcinarene-based cavitand. A dramatic reorganization of shape and size of the internal cavity was manifested through changes in solvent polarity. Specifically, the equilibrium between the extended surface (D2d symmetry) and a deep cavity (C4v symmetry) could be manipulated in mixtures of aromatic solvents (or CDCl3) and [D6]DMSO. The switching of conformations and the dimerization motif are well-suited for the assembly of noncovalent polymeric materials. Neste trabalho, uma nova classe de velcrantes flexiveis foi preparada. Esses velcrantes dimerizam de maneira nao covalente, atraves de interacoes solvofobicas e de oito ligacoes de hidrogenio cooperativas, que conectam a estrutura como botoes de pressao. Para obter tal resultado, funcoes doadoras e aceptoras de ligacoes de hidrogenio, auto-complementares por natureza, foram posicionadas estrategicamente no aro superior de cavitantes, estruturas derivadas de resorcinarenos. A presenca de ligacoes de hidrogenio intermoleculares, causa uma dramatica reorganizacao no formato e nas dimensoes da cavidade interna ao variar-se a polaridade do solvente. O equilibrio entre estruturas de simetrias D2d-C4v e controlado por adicao de [D6]DMSO a solucoes dos velcrantes em solventes apolares ([D10]p-xylene ou CDCl3, por exemplo). Esse fenomeno representa um dispositivo conformacional, onde uma superficie estendida (D2d) e transformada em uma cavidade de dimensoes nanometricas (C4v). O modelo estrutural e o modo de dimerizacao aqui apresentados, serao futuramente utilizados para a construcao de polimeros auto-organizados, que podem ser despolimerizados simplesmente por aumento da constante dieletrica do meio.
Diacylglycerol-enhanced electrical activation of porcine oocytes matured in vitro.

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of second messengers added to the electroporation medium on electric pulse-induced artificial activation of meiotic Metaphase II porcine oocytes. Six separate experiments evaluated second messengers added to electroporation medium. When added to electroporation medium, neither phospholipase C (PLC: 0 to 2.5 Units/ml), D-myo-inositol triphosphate (IP(3): 0 to 10,000 muM), nor guanosine 5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate; GTP-gamma-S: 0 to 100 muM) had any effect (P> 0.05) on activation rates. However, addition of 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-glycerol (DiC(8)) increased activation rates in a dose-dependent response. At a level of 1,000 muM, DiC(8) resulted in a higher activation rate (P 0.05) was observed between DiC(8), GTP-gamma-S and IP(3), but DiC(8) + GTP-gamma-S + IP(3) + PLC yielded a higher (P< 0.05) activation rate than PLC or the rate of the controls. No significant development (blastocyst) was observed after 5 days of culture in any of the experiments. Protein profiles of activated oocytes, determined by 1D SDS-PAGE, were characteristic of pronuclear-stage embryos. These data indicate that the addition of DiC(8) to the electroporation medium synergistically enhances the rate of activation of electrically stimulated in vitro-matured porcine oocytes.
Renal Vascular Response to Salt Restriction in Normal Man Evidence Against Adrenergic Mediation

The role of the sympathetic nervous system in the renal vasoconstriction induced by sodium restriction has been assessed in normal man in balance on a 10-mEq sodium intake. Renal blood flow was measured with radioxenon injected into the renal artery. Phentolamine infused into the renal artery at rates of up to 3 mg/min did not increase net renal perfusion or alter its intrarenal pattern. That dose of phentolamine was at least 30 times the threshold for significant blockade of the renal vascular effects of a large dose of epinephrine injected intra-arterially. The results suggest strongly that neither circulating catecholamines nor the sympathetic nerves play a central role in the renal vascular response to salt restriction in normal man.
Visualization of Channels and Cavities of Corn and Sorghum Starch Granules

ABSTRACT Evidence is presented that corn (maize) and sorghum starch granules have channels that connect a central cavity to the external environment. A mutant sorghum starch with numerous, large surface pores was treated with a methanolic solution of merbromin and sectioned. Light, fluorescence, and compositional backscattering electron microscopy revealed channels connecting an internal cavity to the external surface in most granules. Cavities and channels could also be seen in whole corn and sorghum starch granules treated with merbromin in methanol and viewed by fluorescence microscopy. Treatment of sorghum starch granules with an aqueous solution of merbromin revealed that the molecule penetrated the granule matrix under even slightly swelling conditions. Light microscopy showed cavities in unstained, whole, dry corn and sorghum starch granules mounted in immersion oil.
People: Wilga M. Rivers on Her Retirement

in the United States, a voice that led her to become one of the first few women full professors at Harvard, a voice now familiar to foreign language teachers all over the world . . . including Australia. Our profession now lives by the metaphors she brought with her: "Helping skill-getters become skill-users" -"developing an adventurous spirit in our students"-"the natural and the normal in language learning""from the pyramid to the commune"-"embedding apples of gold in pictures of silver"-"opening doors and windows onto the big wide world"these have been nourished by an Australian pioneer's realism and courage, sense of community, and inextinguishable hunger for discovery. Her dynamic ideas immediately reached the minds and hearts of American teachers, who were themselves on the frontiers of foreign language education, and made her ideally suited to become the Coordinator of Language Instruction in the Department of Romance Languages and Literatures at Harvard University. Wilga Marie Rivers was born in Melbourne into a family that traces its roots to early settlers in Tasmania around 1830, British on her father's side, German on her mother's. Australia in the 1920s was still a new country, separated from Europe by thirty days of steamboat; its population, mostly of British and German descent, numbered only 6.5 million (against 15 million today). Wilga knew early she would have to make it on her own. Her father, independent since the age of twelve, had educated himself and become a journalistic authority on sheep and cattle; when he died, her mother was left with six months of her husband's salary and five children to raise alone. They lived in a working class suburb of Melbourne, where money was scarce and class prejudices abundant. Wilga received her primary and secondary education in Melbourne public schools. She was strong in sports, especially field hockey; she loved English literature, was fascinated by geography, and had a passion for the French language. Through her teens, she led Girl Scout troops and Bible study groups. Heeding her father's advice not to worry about what other people think of you, but only about what you think of yourself, and never to put faith in what seemed secure, she decided at the age of eleven that she would become a teacher of
Hierarchical Object Parsing from Structured Noisy Point Clouds

Object parsing and segmentation from point clouds are challenging tasks because the relevant data is available only as thin structures along object boundaries or other features, and is corrupted by large amounts of noise. To handle this kind of data, flexible shape models are desired that can accurately follow the object boundaries. Popular models such as active shape and active appearance models (AAMs) lack the necessary flexibility for this task, while recent approaches such as the recursive compositional models make model simplifications to obtain computational guarantees. This paper investigates a hierarchical Bayesian model of shape and appearance in a generative setting. The input data is explained by an object parsing layer which is a deformation of a hidden principal component analysis (PCA) shape model with Gaussian prior. The paper also introduces a novel efficient inference algorithm that uses informed data-driven proposals to initialize local searches for the hidden variables. Applied to the problem of object parsing from structured point clouds such as edge detection images, the proposed approach obtains state-of-the-art parsing errors on two standard datasets without using any intensity information.
Ictal Asystole and Ictal Syncope: Insights into Clinical Management

Background— Ictal asystole is a rare, serious, and often treatable cause of syncope. There are currently limited data to guide management. Characterization of ictal syncope predictors may aid in the selection of high-risk patients for treatments such as pacemakers. Methods and Results— We searched our epilepsy monitoring unit database from October 2003 to July 2013 for all patients with ictal asystole events. Clinical, electroencephalogram, and ECG data for each of their seizures were examined for their relationships with ictal syncope events. In 10 patients with ictal asystole, we observed 76 clinical seizures with 26 ictal asystole episodes, 15 of which led to syncope. No seizure with asystole duration ≤6 s led to syncope, whereas 94% (15/16) of seizures with asystole duration >6 s led to syncope ( P =0.02). During ictal asystole events, 4 patients had left temporal seizure onset, 4 patients had right temporal seizure onset, and 2 patients had both. Syncope was more common with left temporal (40%) than with right temporal seizures (10%; P =0.002). Treatment options included antiepileptic drug changes, epilepsy surgery, and pacemaker implantation. Eight patients received pacemakers. During follow-up of 72±95 months, all patients remained syncope free. Conclusions— Ictal asystole >6 s is strongly associated with ictal syncope. Ictal syncope is more common in left than in right temporal seizures. A permanent pacemaker should be considered in patients with ictal syncope if they are not considered good candidates for epilepsy surgery.
Apparent sprouting of striatal serotonergic terminals after dopamine-depleting brain lesions in neonatal rats

Abstract Near-total dopamine-depleting brain lesions produced in 3-day-old rats by intracerebroventricular injection of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine led to pronounced increases in striatal serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid contents 1–8 months later. This effect was associated with an increase in in vitro high affinity 5-HT uptake, suggesting that proliferation of new serotonergic terminals had occurred within the striatum. No such effect was obtained when comparable brain lessions were produced in adult rats.
Promotion of DNA renaturation by a non-DNA factor in crown gall tumor DNA preparations

A 5400-fold excess of tobacco crown gall tumor DNA increased the renaturation rate of Agrobacterium tumefaciens DNA, whereas, the same excess of healthy plant DNA had no effect on the rate or kinetics of renaturation. Since deoxyribonuclease treatment of the tumor DNA did not remove its ability to accelerate renaturation, the tumor tissue contains a non-DNA factor that increases the rate of renaturation of A. tumefaciens DNA.
The Reflexion of X-Rays by Crystals

Theory of Reflection of X-rays from a Point Source, by a Perfect Crystal.\char22{}The derivation of the expression for the total reflected energy as obtained by other physicists, is given in simpler form. It is shown that the reflected rays are parallel in the plane of incidence but diverge in the perpendicular plane. Making the simplifying assumption that no ray is reflected more than once from any plane of atoms and that the absorption by the crystal is negligible, expressions for the intensity at any point in the reflected beam are derived. It is shown that interference fringes are to be expected whose distance apart under ordinary circumstances may be of the order of 4 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ cm. The error due to the above mentioned simplifying assumptions can be corrected by multiplying by the appropriate exponential factor.
Survey of courses on renewable energy manufacturing at American universities

Both U.S. and world economies have long depended on fossil energy (coal, oil, and natural gas). Supplies of fossil energy are expected to decline in the future and become more expensive. Meanwhile, their use contributes to the accumulation of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. Therefore, an urgent need exists for renewable energy sources. In order to enhance the global competitiveness of the U.S. in renewable energy manufacturing, there is a dramatic need for a skilled workforce that has been trained in this field. A survey on renewable energy courses at more than 100 U.S. universities has been conducted. It is found that manufacturing aspects of all forms of renewable energy are not emphasized, and there are no sophomore-level courses that cover manufacturing of all forms of renewable energy at these universities.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Spectroscopic orbits of potential interferometric binaries

We are obtaining high-resolution, red-wavelength spectra at McDonald and Kitt Peak National Observatory to improve the orbits of known spectroscopic binaries that are potential targets for ground-based optical interferometers. The combination of such observations will produce three-dimensional orbits from which very accurate masses and orbital parallaxes can be obtained for double-lined systems. This spectroscopic program will be expanded and placed on the menu of the 2 meter Automatic Spectroscopic Telescope of Tennessee State University once it commences routine operation. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cytomegalovirus and transcriptional down-regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II expression.

Abstract CD4 + T lymphocytes are a significant component of the afferent and efferent arms of adaptive immunity and are critical for controlling viral infections. CD4 + T lymphocytes secrete cytokines that augment CD8 + T lymphocyte and B lymphocyte responses and directly inhibit viral replication. The interface between the CD4 + T lymphocyte and virus is the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule. Cytomegalovirus, a beta-herpesvirus, has evolved mechanisms for inhibiting MHC class II expression and thus escaping CD4 + T lymphocyte immunosurveillance. Herein, we review cytomegalovirus-mediated down-regulation of inducible and constitutive MHC class II expression, while focusing on lesions that occur at the level of MHC class II transcription.
Evidence for the incorporation of a long-chain 1,2-alkanediol into diol phospholipids by mammalian brain

Abstract [2-14C,2-3H]1,2-Heptadecanediol administered intracerebrally to 18-day-old rats was found to be incorporated as such into phospholipid Chemical and enzymic degradation of the choline phosphatide fraction showed that an appreciable amount of radioactivity was associated with 2- O -acyl heptadecanediol phosphoryl choline.
1-Pentyl-3-Phenylacetylindoles and JWH-018 Share In Vivo Cannabinoid Profiles in Mice

a b s t r a c t Background: Smoking of synthetic cannabinoid-enhanced "herbal incense" is an emerging substance abuse problem. The indole-derived cannabinoids identified in these products were originally developed as research tools and are structurally distinct from cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. Although abused by humans, most published research on this class of compounds has been performed in vitro. The pur- pose of this study was to evaluate a novel series of 1-pentyl-3-phenylacetylindoles in mice. Methods: The potencies of these analogs to produce the cannabinoid agonist effects of antinociception, hypother- mia and suppression of locomotion were evaluated in ICR mice. The major structural manipulations in the present series included the type of substituent (i.e., unsubstituted, methyl, methoxy, chloro, bromo, and fluoro) and the position of the substituent on the phenyl ring (i.e., 2-, 3- or 4-position). Results: Potencies of this series of phenylacetylindoles for each cannabinoid effect were highly correlated with CB1 receptor affinities reported previously. Active compounds produced a profile of effects that resem- bled that exhibited by � 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The most critical factor affecting in vivo potency was the position of the substituent. Whereas compounds with 2- and 3-phenylacetyl substituents were efficacious with good potencies, 4-substituents resulted in compounds that had poor potency or were inactive. Conclusions: These results suggest that phenylacetylindoles with good CB1 binding affinity share pharmacological properties with THC in mice; however, they also emphasize the complexity of molecu- lar interactions of synthetic cannabinoids with CB1 receptors and suggest that scheduling efforts based solely upon structural features should proceed with caution.
Study Abroad Programs and American Student Worldmindedness: An Empirical Analysis

Abstract The authors surveyed students participating in Study Abroad Programs (SAPs) designed to increase students' exposure to different cultural contexts. The study measures worldmindedness, the extent to which individuals value global perspectives on various issues. It was hypothesized that participation in a SAP and the cultural difference between a student's point-of-origin and SAP location will have a positive impact on the development of worldmindedness. The results support the research hypotheses, and offer insight into preparing business students for a culturally diverse workplace.
Capital Structure and Sustainability: An Empirical Study of Microfinance Institutions

Abstract The capital structure of lending institutions has become an increasingly prominent issue in the world of finance. Contemporaneously, microfinance institutions (MFIs) have risen to the forefront as invaluable lending institutions in the development process. Since capital constraints have hindered the expansion of microfinance programs and microfinance organizations have had various degrees of sustainability, the question of how best to finance these organizations is a key issue. This paper explores how changes in capital structure could improve MFI efficiency and financial sustainability. I find causal evidence supporting the assertion that increased use of grants by large MFIs decreases operational self-sufficiency.
Decoding dosage compensation

How the mechanisms of dosage compensation distinguish the sex chromosomes from the autosomes has been something of a mystery. A recent study in Caenorhabditis elegans has identified clusters of two common DNA motifs as a cis-acting code for the recruitment of the DCC, the protein complex that mediates dosage compensation.
Antibody response to epitopes of chlamydial major outer membrane proteins on infectious elementary bodies and of the reduced polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated form

Approximately 60% of the outer membrane of chlamydial elementary bodies (EBs) consists of the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) that has structural and metabolic functions. The antigenic properties of MOMPs from mammalian strains of serovars 1 and 2 and an avian strain of Chlamydia psittaci were analyzed. Polyclonal-monospecific antisera (PMAs), one monoclonal antibody (MAb), and polyclonal antisera (PAs) were produced against reduced polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated MOMPs and against infectious EBs. Three PMAs and the MAb, which were induced by reduced polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated MOMPs, reacted strongly in Western blot (immunoblot) assays with MOMPs of serovar 1 and 2 strains as well as with that of the avian strain 6BC, and two of these PMAs reacted weakly (dilution, 1:20) with the MOMP of strain LGV-2. The third PMA and the MAb against the MOMP of the serovar 2 strain did not react with the MOMP of LGV-2. Four PAs were produced against infectious EBs of the serovar 1 strain. One of these PAs reacted with the homologous MOMP and that of the avian strain 6BC but did not recognize MOMPs of other chlamydial strains. Three of the PAs reacted with MOMPs of homologous strains only and failed to recognize MOMPs of avian, serovar 2, and LGV-2 strains. Five PAs induced against infectious EBs of the serovar strain 2 reacted only with the MOMPs of the homologous strains and failed to recognize MOMPs of other strains of chlamydiae. Consequently, MOMPs of C. psittaci strains possess genus-, species-, and serovar-specific epitopes whereby the immune response to serovar-specific epitopes of MOMP predominate when infectious EBs are used for immunization.
Determination of optical birefringence by using off-axis transmission ellipsometry

Utilizing transmission ellipsometry at small angles of incidence, it is shown that c-cut uniaxial samples can be used to determine both the miscut of the optic axis with respect to the plane of incidence as well as very accurate values of the spectroscopic birefringence. For example, wafers of ZnO, LiNbO3, and 6H-SiC single-crystals are examined and the miscut direction and the spectroscopic birefringence are determined. While all materials show strong dispersion in birefringence, ZnO exhibits a distinct isotropic point at 396.8 nm.
Metabolism of cisanilide (cis-2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilide) by excised leaves and cell suspension cultures of carrot and cotton

Abstract Major methanol-soluble metabolites of cisanilide ( cis -2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilide) were isolated from excised, pulse-treated carrot and cotton leaves. They were identified as O -glucoside conjugates of primary aryl and alkyl oxidation products, 2,5-dimethyl-1-pyrrolidine-4-hydroxycarboxanilide and 2,5-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinecarboxanilide. Comparative studies with carrot and cotton cell cultures showed similar initial pathways of cisanilide metabolism. Time-course studies with [ 14 C-pyrrolidine]- and [ 14 C-phenyl]cisanilide showed little, if any, cleavage of the herbicide molecule in either excised leaves or cell cultures. Quantitative differences in the metabolism of cisanilide by cell cultures and excised leaves included; a reduced capacity of cell cultures to form secondary glycoside conjugates and an increased ability of cell cultures to form methanol-insoluble residues.
Bounds on life expectancy for the Rayleigh and Weibull distributions

Bounds are presented for the life expectancy or the mean residual life of an individual whose lifetime is a random variable X following a Rayleigh distribution or more generally a Weibull distribution. Simple transformations of the variables give inequalities on the Mills' ratio and the incomplete gamma functions. Some numerical computations are also reported to compare the lower and upper bounds with the exact value of the life expectancy function for several values of the parameter. When the lifetime follows a Gompertz distribution, the problem becomes complicated, and it has not been possible to construct bounds on the life expectancy function. The importance of the Gompertz distribution in the dynamics of normal and tumor growth and in the embryonic and postnatal growth of birds and mammals is demonstrated, and life expectancy is evaluated by numerical methods for a number of parameter values.
Tax Expense Momentum

We investigate the joint hypothesis that a) tax expense contains information about core profitability that is incremental to reported earnings and b) that information is reflected in stock prices with a delay. We find that seasonally-differenced quarterly tax expense, our proxy for tax expense surprise, is related positively to future returns. This anomaly is separate from previously documented pricing anomalies based on financial and tax variables. Additional investigation reveals that tax expense surprise is related positively to changes in future quarterly earnings and tax expense, and both those future changes are related positively to future returns. While the returns to investing in predictable future earnings changes has been documented before, these results suggest that predicting changes in future tax expense also generates incremental future returns.
From Maximization to Optimization: MCDM and the Eight Models of Optimality

Since its inception, Multiple Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) was destined to evolve alternative notions of optimality. Its challenges to the traditional OR/MS single-objective maximization have crossed the generations, continuing for some 25 years. Yet, its alternative notions of optimality still remain mostly undeveloped.
Fatal coronary artery disease after unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation.

Several factors are responsible for the occurrence of cardiac complications after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). These factors include the cardiotoxic effects of radiation therapy, antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drugs, abnormal immunologic reactions associated with graft-vs-host disease, and infectious agents. We report the case of a 45-year-old woman with T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia and no prior risk factors for coronary artery disease in whom sudden cardiac death occurred 2 1 2; years after allogeneic BMT from an unrelated male donor. Autopsy revealed severe 3-vessel coronary disease with grade 4/4 stenosis. This process was primarily nonatherosclerotic, with intimal hyperplasia of undetermined etiology. Furthermore, fluorescence in situ hybridization to identify the donor Y chromosome with simultaneous immunofluorescence labeling of smooth muscle actin suggested the presence of donor cells that transformed into myocytes. Coronary artery disease is an important, albeit rare, complication of BMT. Donor hematopoietic cells may contribute to its pathogenesis.
Gemcitabine in the treatment of bladder cancer.

New agents are available for the treatment of metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. In the US, the combination of methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin (M-VAC) remains the standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced bladder cancer. Gemcitabine (2′,2′-difluorodeoxycytidine [dFdC]) is a relatively new agent with a favourable toxicity profile that has demonstrated activity against a number of solid tumours in both preclinical and clinical studies. Single-agent gemcitabine has shown activity in bladder cancer in both pretreated and chemotherapy-naive patients. The combination of gemcitabine plus cisplatin is a regimen with significant activity and moderate toxicity in bladder cancer patients. A randomised trial of gemcitabine plus cisplatin versus M-VAC has completed accrual but has not yet been reported. New combination studies of gemcitabine with other chemotherapy agents, including the taxanes, are ongoing.
Comparative Study of Quick Electron Detrapping and Random Telegraph Signal and Their Dependences on Random Discrete Dopant in Sub-40-nm NAND Flash Memory

In sub-40-nm flash memory, random discrete dopant (RDD) effect modulates post program/erase (P/E) cycling Vt instabilities through quick electron detrapping (QED) as well as random telegraph signal (RTS). In this letter, for the first time, we discuss the QED phenomenon and its physical origin by comparison with RTS phenomenon. P/E cycling stress not only aggravates the RTS but also generates the new phenomenon of QED which results from transiently trapped charges at near-interface defects during program. By applying a new test algorithm, we could successfully extract the QED component from RTS, both of which are modulated by RDD effect and worsen tail bits in multilevel-cell flash memory.
Transactivation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mediates Catecholamine-Induced Growth of Vascular Smooth Muscle

Stimulation of α1-adrenoceptors induces proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and contributes to arterial remodeling. Although activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are required, little is known about this pathway. In this study, we examined the hypothesis that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation and extracellular regulated kinases (ERK) are involved in α1-adrenoceptor–mediated SMC growth. Phenylephrine increased protein synthesis in association with a rapid (≤5 minutes) and sustained (≥60 minutes) doubling of phosphorylation of EGFR and ERK1/2, but not p38 or JNK in the media of rat aorta maintained in organ culture. Antagonists of EGFR phosphotyrosine activity (AG-1478) and ERK phosphorylation (PD-98059, U-0126) abolished phenylephrine-induced protein synthesis, whereas antagonists of p38 or JNK phosphorylation had no specific effect. A competitive antagonist (P22) for heparin binding EGF-like growth factor (HB-EGF) blocked pheny...
Observations on Message Transmission Using Rossler and Lorenz Chaos Systems with PSpice and Matlab Models

Message transmission and reception systems (TRS) for both Lorenz coupled and Rossler coupled chaotic nonlinear systems are presented. Both a circuit simulator, PSpice, and a math package, Matlab, for predicting time evolution of coupled nonlinear differential equations were used. Both Matlab and PSPICE TRS models were set up, tested and demonstrated to yield essentially identical time evolution predictors. The Rossler TRS required a combination of the variable substitution method, typically employed for Lorenz TRSs along with the "diffusive coupling technique", known to be necessary to couple two Rossler circuits. Examples indicating functionality of the systems to obscure and reliably recover messages for audio and sinusoid message types are presented.
Simple Practice Doesn’t Always Make Perfect Evidence From the Worked Example Effect

Findings from the fields of cognitive science and cognitive development propose a variety of evidence-based principles for improving learning. One such recommendation is that instead of having stud...
Treatment of tophaceous gout: When medication is not enough

Abstract Objectives To review the literature concerning surgical intervention of tophaeceous gout and propose clinical circumstances for when it may be considered. Introduction Tophi develop in approximately 12–35% of patients with gout. Tophaceous disease is usually preventable given the availability of effective urate lowering therapies (ULT) including allopurinol, febuxostat, probenecid, lesinurad, and pegloticase. Despite medical therapy, there remains a subset of patients who develop significant complications of tophi including infection, ulceration, and entrapment neuropathy. Tophi in close proximity to joints can cause joint instability, severely limited range of motion, and significant functional impairment. For the rare circumstance when a tophus is causing an urgent complication or if a patient has a contraindication to all available ULTs, surgery may be an appropriate option. This review summarizes the published experience with surgical interventions for tophaceous gout and offers recommendations for its consideration. Methods Using Medline and Google Scholar, all available series of surgery for tophaceous gout were reviewed. Results Overall, 7 published surgical series were identified. In all, 6 of these 7 series were published between 2002 and 2014. The reported outcomes of surgical interventions for tophaceous gout were generally positive without major post-surgical complications. Conclusion Although medical therapy with ULTs should be the first-line approach to tophaceous gout, surgery should be considered for the rare patient with impending or severe, debilitating complications including infections, entrapment neuropathy or those at risk for permanent joint destruction. In these selected clinical circumstances, surgical intervention for tophaceous gout may be appropriate.
Temperature Prediction in Stratified Reservoirs

A differential equation is developed to describe the vertical temperature distribution in a stratified reservoir and solved numerically. Outlet temperatures are an integration of temperatures from within the withdrawal layer, the thickness of which depends upon the degree of stratification. A comparison of predicted and measured temperatures from the laboratory and field indicates that the mathematical model is capable of reproducing measured temperature profiles to within an accuracy of approximately 1°C without requiring any parameters that must be determined from prior temperature measurements. A net vertical advection is the primary mechanism by which heat is transported from the surface to the reservoir outlet.
A New Specimen of the Ornithischian Dinosaur Haya griva, Cross-Gobi Geologic Correlation, and the Age of The Zos Canyon Beds

ABSTRACT Although Mesozoic fossils are quite common in the Gobi Desert of Central Asia, it is often difficult to correlate among different localities because of a dearth of rocks amenable to absolute dating. Specifically, correlating between the eastern Gobi Desert and more western localities has been challenging. Here we give a Santonian-Campanian age for the enigmatic Zos Canyon beds in the Nemegt basin. This is based on the occurrence of the primitive ornithopod dinosaur Haya griva at both eastern Gobi exposures of the Javkhlant Formation and the Zos Canyon locality.
Effect of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy on Renal Function and Body Height in Pediatric Patients

AbstractAlthough extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) is the preferred modality for treatment of most renal and upper ureteral calculi in adults, little is known about its effect on the pediatric population. We carefully followed 12 children 2.2 to 15.3 years old (mean age 9.4) treated with the Dornier HM3 lithotriptor. Effective renal plasma flow was obtained by quantitative 131iodine hippurate scan immediately preceding ESWL and at followup (range 74 to 238 weeks, mean 149). The treated kidney received an average of 1,702 shocks (range 1,000 to 2,200). Mean effective renal plasma flow increased in the treated kidney from 185 cc per minute before ESWL to 217 at followup (p = 0.016) and in the untreated kidney from 191 to 224 (p = 0.0013). Total effective renal plasma flow increased from 376 cc per minute before ESWL to 440 at followup (p = 0.0019). In the treated kidney mean and total effective renal plasma flow increased by 31 (expected 32) and 64 (expected 68) cc per minute, respectively, whil...
SU‐F‐T‐65: AutomaticTreatment Planning for High‐Dose Rate (HDR) Brachytherapy with a VaginalCylinder Applicator

Purpose: High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy treatment planning is conventionally performed in a manual fashion. Yet it is highly desirable to perform computerized automated planning to improve treatment planning efficiency, eliminate human errors, and reduce plan quality variation. The goal of this research is to develop an automatic treatment planning tool for HDR brachytherapy with a cylinder applicator for vaginal cancer. Methods: After inserting the cylinder applicator into the patient, a CT scan was acquired and was loaded to an in-house developed treatment planning software. The cylinder applicator was automatically segmented using image-processing techniques. CTV was generated based on user-specified treatment depth and length. Locations of relevant points (apex point, prescription point, and vaginal surface point), central applicator channel coordinates, and dwell positions were determined according to their geometric relations with the applicator. Dwell time was computed through an inverse optimization process. The planning information was written into DICOM-RT plan and structure files to transfer the automatically generated plan to a commercial treatment planning system for plan verification and delivery. Results: We have tested the system retrospectively in nine patients treated with vaginal cylinder applicator. These cases were selected with different treatment prescriptions, lengths, depths, and cylinder diameters to represent a large patient population. Our system was able to generate treatment plans for these cases with clinically acceptable quality. Computation time varied from 3–6 min. Conclusion: We have developed a system to perform automated treatment planning for HDR brachytherapy with a cylinder applicator. Such a novel system has greatly improved treatment planning efficiency and reduced plan quality variation. It also served as a testbed to demonstrate the feasibility of automatic HDR treatment planning for more complicated cases.
First-Order Necessary Conditions of Optimality for Strongly Monotone Nonlinear Control Problems

Necessary conditions for the optimality of a pair (y*, u*) with respect to the cost functional g(y) + h(u) subject to Ay∋Bu + f are given in terms of generalized gradients. Here, g is locally Lipschitz, h is convex, A is a maximal strongly monotone operator, and B is linear. Two examples of applications of our necessary conditions to nonlinear partial differential equations of elliptic type are presented.
Focus-on-Form and EFL Learners' Language Development in Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication: Task-Based Interactions.

The purpose of this study was to explore the occurrence of incidental focus-on-form and its effect on subsequent second language (L2) production of learners of different dyads in an online task-based language learning context. The participants included Taiwanese learners of English as a foreign language at different proficiency levels, and native speakers of English. Sixteen native speaker–non-native speaker (NS–NNS) dyads and 14 NNS–NNS dyads were formed. The dyads were asked to complete two multiphase communicative tasks in a synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) environment. Language-related episodes (LREs) were identified and utilised as a basis for individualised tailor-made tests. The tailor-made post-tests were used to assess the learners’ learning outcomes. The results suggested that LREs in the SCMC medium can enhance learners’ language development in both dyadic types. No significant differences were found between the two dyadic types in relation to the amount of LREs produced and t...