cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pigtails on Crosstalk to Braided-Shield Cables

An investigation of the effect of pigtail sections (terminal segments of braided-shield cables in which the shield braid has been stripped back exposing the interior wire) on the electromagnetic coupling to braided-shield cables from adjacent wires is presented. Experimental and computed data indicate that, even though the lengths of these pigtail sections may be only a very small portion of the total cable length, they may, over certain frequency ranges, constitute the dominant coupling mechanism for the braided-shield cable. For situations in which pigtail coupling is dominant, the shield simply serves to reduce the exposed section of the interior wire from what it would be if no shield were present. Thus the shield provides some reduction in coupling, but the effectiveness of the shield in reducing crosstalk is shown to be as much as 30 dB (over certain frequency ranges) less than it would be if the pigtail sections were eliminated. A low-frequency model which explains this phenomenon is given. The effect of various shield grounding configurations is also investigated.
Clinical experience with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-induced angioedema.

OBJECTIVESTo understand the presentation and clinical course of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor-induced angioedema and to determine management factors associated with progression to airway compromise.STUDY DESIGN AND SETTINGRetrospective chart review of patients taking ACE inhibitors who presented to the emergency department with angioedema between December 1999 and July 2004 (n = 228). Clinical presentation, treatment, and clinical course were analyzed.RESULTSThe oral cavity was the most common location of upper-airway angioedema. Twenty-two (10%) patients required intubation, and all were intubated within 12 hours of presentation. Of the patients who required intubation, those who were started on an H1 -blocker were extubated earlier than those not on an H1 -blocker (P = 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe locations of swelling and drooling on admission are predictive of the need for intubation. Other aspects of presentation, treatment, and disposition can help in management decisions for this potentially...
The coarsening of γ' precipitates at large volume fractions

Abstract The kinetics of growth of theγ' precipitate in binary Ni-7, 8, 9 and 9,9 wt.% Al alloys, containing γ' volume fractions ranging from 0.09 to 0.60 at the aging temperature of 800°C, were studied by magnetic analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The coarsening of γ' precipitates in ternary Ni-16.9 wt.% Cr-3.4 wt.% Al and 14.2 wt.% Cr-4.9 wt.% Al alloys aged at 750°C was also investigated by transmission electron microscopy. These studies were undertaken to provide a critical test of a recent modification of the Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner theory (the MLSW theory) of diffusion-controlled particle coarsening, which predicts a pronounced effect of volume fraction on the kinetics of coarsening and on the distribution of particle sizes. The results of this study convincingly demonstrate that the volume fraction of γ' precipitate has no effect at all on its coarsening behavior. In fact, the results of the present studies are in excellent agreement with those of other investigations on these alloy systems, and therefore with the original LSW theory. The disagreement between the MLSW theory and experiment is discussed with respect to the assumptions used to characterize the problems of diffusional growth and dissolution of spherical precipitates.
Building Economically Viable Communities: A Role for Community Developers

This paper uses three fundamental elements of economic theory to explain the options available to localities that want to alter their economic destiny. The three elements are demand, supply, and institutional forces. An understanding of these forces will increase a community developer's ability to work with community residents attempting to manipulate these same forces to their community's advantage. Demand forces relate to external (export) and internal (consumer) markets. Supply forces incorporate the access to and mobility of capital, labor, and technology for use by the community to produce the economic output desired Institutional forces represent the "rules of the economic game" and the decision-making capacity of the community. Both are subject to local manipulation but are too often the forgotten elements of a comprehensive community economic development strategy. These elements operate within a context of preconditions or values that influence the extent to which the community chooses to exercise...
Short-term effects of marijuana smoking on cognitive behavior in experienced male users

The effects of smoking marijuana on the ability to use abstract con- cepts was tested in 12 experienced marijuana users. Each subject was tested three times, after smoking prepared 300 mg cigarettes containing either 0, 1.5 or 2.9% Ag-TI-IC in different sessions according to a Latin Square design. The same number of whole and/or partial cigarettes was smoked by each subject in each of the three sessions. This was determined for individual subjects by the number of 2.90/0 LI 9- THC marijuana cigarettes that the subject had been willing to smoke in a pro-ex- perimental session up to a maximum of 1200 rag. The following tests of concept formation and usage were used: 1. a letter series test; 2. a word grouping test; 3. a conceptual clustering memory test; 4. a closure speed test; 5. Witkin's Em- bedded Figures Test; 6. a size weight illusion test; 7. Luchin's Water Jar Test; 8. Luchin's Hidden Word Test; and 9. an anagram test. Marijuana smoking led to a dose-related impairment on the letter series, word grouping, closure speed, and Embedded Figures test. Performance on the size-weight illusion, Luchin's Water Jar, Luchin's Hidden Word, and the anagram tests were unaffected. Conceptual clustering decreased after marijuana smoking. In most cases only the differences between 0 and 2.9~ zJ9-THC marijuana were statistically significant.
Has Public Housing Gotten a Bum Rap? The Incidence of Crime in St. Louis Public Housing Developments

Data were obtained from police on the incidence of crime in multiblock areas containing ten public housing developments in the city of St. Louis. The data covered eight FBI index crimes, and were obtained for seven years, 1971 through 1977. Crime rates per 100,000 population were computed. Seven of the public housing developments were large (over 500 units). There was a mix of lowrise and highrise developments, and conventionally and tenant-managed developments. The data indicate that the crime rates per 1000,000 population in and near the public housing developments are not significantly higher than in the city as a whole, nor are they higher than would be expected based on citywide relationships of crime to demographic and locational predictors. While there is more variation in the incidence of crimes in smaller developments than in larger ones, there is no evidence to support the belief that crime rates are, overall, higher than average in either type of development. It is also not possible from these ...
On reversing the northern bobwhite population decline: 20 years later

The northern bobwhite (Colinus virginianus) decline has become a cause celebre of wildlife conservation during the past 2 decades. With few exceptions, current broad-scale population trends show ongoing erosion in bobwhite numbers across most of the species' range. The causes of these declines are ultimate factors exacerbated by certain proximate factors. Ultimate factors are centered on the loss and fragmentation of habitat. Proximate factors such as predation and disease also may be present. The impacts of some factors, such as climate change, remain unknown but may influence bobwhite population trajectories over the long term. Progress has occurred in bobwhite conservation efforts since 1990 and has culminated in the formation of the National Bobwhite Technical Committee and the publication of the Northern Bobwhite Conservation Initiative. The vast majority of prevailing agricultural, forestry, and to some extent rangeland land uses in the United States continue as threats to bobwhite population persistence in the foreseeable future. Land-use patterns that once sustained widespread abundance of northern bobwhite during the early 20th century clearly are past and likely never to return. Landscape features that sustain and elevate northern bobwhite populations will only be maintained as a function of purposeful management actions directed at saving and creating usable space. © The Wildlife Society, 2012
Estimating breaker height and type in the surf zone using SAR

In synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of coastal areas, bright streaks, or smears, can very often be observed in regions that appear to contain breaking waves. In particular, such smears are routinely seen within the surf zone. It is of great interest to determine whether these manifestations of breaking waves within the SAR imagery can be used to characterize any aspects of the surf zone. Standard SAR imaging theory can be used to explain the bright smears by relating the increase in brightness to the increase in turbulence within the breaking region, and by relating the smearing to the fact that the water in the breaking region is moving with a range of velocities which cause varying azimuth shifts in the SAR imaging process. This implies that the smear widths can be used to estimate the range of velocities occurring within the breaking region. What is needed therefore is to be able to relate these velocity ranges to surf parameters of interest, in particular to the height of the breaking wave. This paper summarizes an effort to develop an algorithm that will allow the breaking wave height to be estimated using SAR imagery. A model was developed that relates the range of velocities within the breaking region to parameters that could be estimated using SAR imagery. Procedures were then developed to estimate the model parameters from the SAR imagery. Results of applying these procedures are shown for airborne SAR images collected over a region of known water depth in order to calibrate parameters within the model and to estimate the sensitivity of the algorithm in terms of resulting errors in water depth at breaking. They indicate that it may be possible to estimate breaking wave height using SAR images.
Channel width tapering of serially connected MOSFET's with emphasis on power dissipation

Transistor channel width tapering in serial MOSFET chains is shown in this paper to simultaneously decrease propagation delay, power dissipation, and physical area of VLSI circuits. Tapering is the process of decreasing the size of each MOSFET transistor width along a serial chain such that the largest transistor is connected to the power supply and the smallest is connected to the output node. A detailed explanation of the effects of tapering on the output waveform is presented with specific emphasis on the power dissipation of tapered chains. It is demonstrated that in many cases tapering decreases delay and changes the shape of the output waveform such that the time during which a load inverter is conducting short-circuit current is reduced. This decrease in short-circuit current also occurs in many cases where tapering may not offer a speed advantage. In addition, dynamic CV/sup 2/f power dissipation of the serial chain is reduced. In those circuits where tapering does not decrease propagation delay, tapering permits a designer to tradeoff speed for a reduction in both short-circuit and dynamic power dissipation, a tradeoff not normally available with untapered chains. Thus the total power consumed by a serial chain of MOSFET's, as well as its propagation delay and area, can be reduced by channel width tapering. A design system for determining when tapering is appropriate, selecting the amount of tapering, and synthesizing the physical layout is presented. Physical layout issues unique to tapering are discussed, and fabricated test structures are described. >
Estimation of Capacity of Two-Lane Two-Way Highways Using Simulation Model

The Highway Capacity Manual 2000 indicates that the capacity of two-lane two-way highways (TLTWHWs) is 1,700 pcph for a single direction and 3,400 pcph for both directions. There are no capacity estimates provided for different traffic conditions such as varying percentages of no-passing zones and varying traffic distributions between the two directions of travel. Previous research has reported that capacity conditions for TLTWHW are very difficult to observe in the field while none of the existing simulation models can report capacity for TLTWHW. This paper briefly describes a new TLTWHW simulation model called TWOSIM that is developed, verified, compared to TWOPAS and highway capacity software (HCS) and used for the estimation of capacity for TLTWHW under a variety of prevailing traffic and geometric conditions. These include percentage of traffic per direction, presence of a passing zone, a horizontal curve, a driveway, an upgrade, and heavy vehicles. Capacity of TLTWHW under base conditions is estimat...
JAK inhibition in the myeloproliferative neoplasms: lessons learned from the bench and bedside

The discovery of the JAK2 V617F mutation in the classic BCR-ABL1-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms in 2005 catalyzed a burst of research efforts that have culminated in substantial dividends for patients. Beyond JAK2 V617F, a more detailed picture of the pathobiologic basis for activated JAK-STAT signaling has emerged. In some patients with myelofibrosis (MF), next-generation sequencing technologies have revealed a complex clonal architecture affecting both genetic and epigenetic regulators of cell growth and differentiation. Although these bench-top findings have informed the clinical development of JAK inhibitors in MF, they have also provided scientific context for some of their limitations. The JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib is approved for treatment of MF in North America and Europe and other lead JAK inhibitors discussed herein (fedratinib [SAR302503], momelotinib [CYT387], and pacritinib [SB1518]), have entered advanced phases of trial investigation. Uniformly, these agents share the ability to reduce spleen size and symptom burden. A major challenge for practitioners is how to optimize dosing of these agents to secure clinically relevant and durable benefits while minimizing myelosuppression. Suboptimal responses have spurred a "return to the bench" to characterize the basis for disease persistence and to inform new avenues of drug therapy.
Multimedia-integrated real-time control systems

Multimedia applications are becoming pervasive and are expected to be used in advanced process control systems where image data is related to higher order material qualities. The authors have analyzed real-time control applications and their needs. A necessary component to support such a distributed multimedia integrated control system is the need for network services that support both the real-time needs of control as well as the control traffic. The analysis shows that the primary network services must include support for network scheduling for multilevel priority traffic and for synchronization of remote data transmissions and stream multimedia traffic. They propose an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM)-based network architecture that uses a new real-time control protocol to provide these services. >
Theoretical and numerical predictions of the electromechanical behavior of spiral-shaped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) actuators

Presents a two-dimensional analytical model of a spiral-shaped PZT ceramic actuator. Developed using elasticity theory and a zero-stress assumption, the theoretical analysis has been formulated for a piecewise semicircular representation of the spiral-shaped actuator. Closed-form solutions of the tangential displacement of the equivalent spiral under applied electrical field in the poling direction have been obtained. To develop confidence in the theoretical model, results are compared with those obtained using finite element analysis (FEA). Results from both are then compared with previously reported experimental findings, and reasonable agreement is achieved.
Two-group neutron-transport theory: Existence and uniqueness of the H-matrix

Abstract The system of singular-integral equations and linear constraints which define mathematically the H-matrix relevant to a class of two-group neutron-transport problems is shown to possess a unique solution. The analysis is based on a matrix version of the Riemann problem appropriate to which a discussion of a class of canonical solutions is given.
Pathways: a school-based, randomized controlled trial for the prevention of obesity in American Indian schoolchildren

Background: Childhood obesity is a major public health problem in the United States, particularly among American Indian communities. Objective: The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based, multicomponent intervention for reducing percentage body fat in American Indian schoolchildren. Design: This study was a randomized, controlled, school-based trial involving 1704 children in 41 schools and was conducted over 3 consecutive years, from 3rd to 5th grades, in schools serving American Indian communities in Arizona, New Mexico, and South Dakota. The intervention had 4 components: 1) change in dietary intake, 2) increase in physical activity, 3) a classroom curriculum focused on healthy eating and lifestyle, and 4) a family-involvement program. The main outcome was percentage body fat; other outcomes included dietary intake, physical activity, and knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Results: The intervention resulted in no significant reduction in percentage body fat. However, a significant reduction in the percentage of energy from fat was observed in the intervention schools. Total energy intake (by 24-h dietary recall) was significantly reduced in the intervention schools but energy intake (by direct observation) was not. Motion sensor data showed similar activity levels in both the intervention and control schools. Several components of knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were also positively and significantly changed by the intervention. Conclusions: These results document the feasibility of implementing a multicomponent program for obesity prevention in elementary schools serving American Indian communities. The program produced significant positive changes in fat intake and in food- and health-related knowledge and behaviors. More intense or longer interventions may be needed to significantly reduce adiposity in this population. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:1030–8.
Images of a Healthy Worksite: A Group-Randomized Trial for Worksite Weight Gain Prevention With Employee Participation in Intervention Design

Objectives. We assessed the effects of a worksite multiple-component intervention addressing diet and physical activity on employees’ mean body mass index (BMI) and the percentage of employees who were overweight or obese.Methods. This group-randomized trial (n = 3799) was conducted at 10 worksites in the northeastern United States. Worksites were paired and allocated into intervention and control conditions. Within- and between-groups changes in mean BMIs and in the percentage of overweight or obese employees were examined in a volunteer sample.Results. Within-group mean BMIs decreased by 0.54 kilograms per meter squared (P = .02) and 0.12 kilograms per meter squared (P = .73) at the intervention and control worksites, respectively, resulting in a difference in differences (DID) decrease of 0.42 kilograms per meter squared (P = .33). The within-group percentage of overweight or obese employees decreased by 3.7% (P = .07) at the intervention worksites and increased by 4.9% (P = .1) at the control worksite...
Mining correlation between locations using human location history

The advance of location-acquisition technologies enables people to record their location histories with spatio-temporal datasets, which imply the correlation between geographical regions. This correlation indicates the relationship between locations in the space of human behavior, and can enable many valuable services, such as sales promotion and location recommendation. In this paper, by taking into account a user's travel experience and the sequentiality locations have been visited, we propose an approach to mine the correlation between locations from a large number of users' location histories. We conducted a personalized location recommendation system using the location correlation, and evaluated this system with a large-scale real-world GPS dataset. As a result, our method outperforms the related work using the Pearson correlation.
The Tahiti programming language: events as first-class objects

No programming language embodies a fully abstract and consistent facility for representing and managing computational events. Tahiti is an experimental CSP-based language that augments the standard primitive data types with the type Event, which enables data objects to be bound to occurrences in the execution of the program itself. A description is presented of Tahiti's constructs for representing and managing events without addressing the language's formal semantics, or the many implementation issues it arouses. >
Sunlight amelioration of Prymnesium parvum acute toxicity to fish

Although a number of physical and chemical factors can influence ambient toxicity associated with Prymnesium parvum blooms in aquatic systems, the role of natural sunlight on the magnitude and duration of aquatic toxicity is less understood, particularly in inland waters. We performed two experiments exposing cellfree filtrates from P. parvum cultures to different magnitudes and durations of natural sunlight. During one study, fish acute toxicity from cell-free filtrates exposed to full and partial (50%) natural sunlight for 8 h was completely removed. However, acute toxicity of a dark treatment level in the field (268C) did not differ from toxicity of a lab dark control (48C), indicating that temperature did not influence the stability of acutely toxic P. parvum toxins in this study. In a second experiment, cell-free filtrates were exposed to full sunlight for different periods of time, resulting in a monotonic decrease in the magnitude of acute toxicity with an increased duration of sunlight exposure. Acute toxicity to fish was completely ameliorated after just 2 h of exposure to full sunlight, highlighting the potential importance of site-specific conditions on the duration of P. parvum impacts to aquatic life. Further studies are warranted to understand site-specific influences and direct and indirect photolysis mechanisms on the stability of P. parvum toxins in aquatic systems.
RHIC beam permit and quench detection communications system

A beam permit module has been developed to concentrate RHIC subsystem sensor outputs, permit beam, and initiate emergency shutdowns. The modules accept inputs from the vacuum, cryogenic, power supply, beam loss, and superconducting magnet quench detection systems. Modules are located at equipment locations around the RHIC ring. The modules are connected by three fiberoptic communications links; a beam permit link, and two magnet power supply interlock links. During operation, carrier presence allows beam. If a RHIC subsystem detects a fault, the beam permit carrier terminates-initiating a beam dump. If the fault was a superconducting magnet quench, a power supply interlock carrier terminates-initiating an emergency magnet power dump. In addition, the master module triggers an event to cause remote sensors to log and hold data at the time-of-failure.
Association of cigarette smoking with interpersonal and self-directed violence in a large community-based sample

INTRODUCTION: Substance use is a major risk factor for various forms of violence, yet how cigarette smoking influences violence outcomes is incompletely understood. We investigated associations between cigarette smoking and three types of violence in a large, nationally representative, community-based sample. METHODS: Adult subjects participating in both Wave 1 (2001- 2002; N=43,093) and Wave 2 (2004-2005; N=34,653) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) were stratified by daily cigarette smoking status at Wave 1, and individuals with unchanged smoking status between waves were analyzed [non-smokers (consisting of never and former daily smokers): N=22,529; daily smokers: N=7,442]. We created composites of other- and self-directed violence and victimization occurring between Waves 1 and 2, and performed logistic regression models, controlling for psychiatric diagnoses, alcohol and substance use, and relevant demographic covariates. RESULTS: Daily smokers at Wave 1 were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.5-3.0), 2.5 (2.1-2.9), and 1.7 (1.5-2.1) times more likely than non-smokers to report self-directed violence, other-directed violence, or victimization between Waves 1 and 2, respectively. Former daily smokers were significantly less likely to report other-directed violence than individuals who were never daily smokers. CONCLUSIONS: Daily cigarette smoking is temporally associated with multiple forms of violence compared to never and former cigarette smokers, even when common covariates associated with violence are controlled. Smoking status should be carefully controlled for in studies designed to identify risk factors for violence, and may be a useful component of violence risk assessment. Language: en
Governance Polycentrism -- Hierarchy and Order Without Government in Business and Human Rights Regulation

Globalization has produced a growing number of governance regimes beyond the reach of the domestic legal orders of states. These systems sometimes collide when their overlapping areas of competence lead to contradictory decisions or mutual obstruction. Is it possible to manage these collisions to produce order among colliding systems with no normative center, and if so, what may be the role of law for the solution of collision problems, and how does that role relate to non-legal regimes, what may be the role of non-legal approaches to a solution, and how do they relate to law, and what might concrete solutions look like? The purpose of this essay is to consider the issue of collision within one of its most interesting nexus points — in the elaboration of governance frameworks touching on the human rights impacts of economic activity by states, enterprises and individuals. That elaboration produces collisions between the state, international public and private organizations (enterprises and civil society actors), each with their distinct governance regimes. The thesis is that the development of governance regimes for the human rights impacts of economic activity suggests the way in which non-legal approaches play a crucial role in the creation of structures within which the collisions of polycentric governance, its necessary anarchic character, can be managed (but not ordered), and consequently the way in which law (and its principles of hierarchy and unitary systemicity) plays a less hegemonic role, that is, the way in which law has less to contribute toward the governance problem thus posed. The thesis is explored by considering the way in which the management of anarchy and the collision of governance regimes are being attempted through the operationalization of the United Nations Guiding Principles for Business and Human Rights, and the three pillar framework from which it arose (state duty to protect, corporate responsibility to respect, and effective remedies for adverse effects of human rights), and its incorporation into the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. Part I considers the structures and premises of the emerging governance framework built into the Guiding Principles, and its points of collision with law based systems. Part II then considers the ramifications of collision, and the possibilities for systemic equilibrium. The emerging framework suggests a constitutional framework within which fracture and polycentric co-existence, of short duration, appear to be emerging as the stable state.
Betaine transport in the gill of a marine mussel, Mytilus californianus

The integumental epithelium of Mytilus californianus gill accumulates amino acids directly from seawater against chemical gradients exceeding 10(7) to 1. In the present report, we confirm the presence of betaine in Mytilus tissue and identify a transport process in the gill for this organic osmolyte. Betaine content of gill tissue from animals acclimated to 100% seawater (980 mosM) was 45 mmol/kg wet wt, similar to that of taurine (53 mmol/kg). The kinetics of betaine uptake were adequately described by the Michaelis-Menten equation, with a Kt of 6 microM and Jmax of 7 mumol.g-1.h-1. Betaine transport was inhibited by L-proline and related structural analogues, and by alanine. L-Proline transport, which involves both high- and low-affinity pathways, was partially inhibited by betaine. The low-affinity proline pathway transports lysine. Betaine and L-lysine showed no reciprocal inhibitory interactions. This pattern of structural specificity suggested that betaine transport in the gill is confined to the alanine-proline pathway. Uptake of 0.5 microM betaine into gills was inhibited by 97% when Na+ in seawater was replaced with Li+. Activation of betaine transport in the gill was a near-linear function of the external Na+ concentration up through 100% artificial seawater (ASW, 425 mM Na+). Acute exposure of the gill to 60% ASW inhibited betaine uptake by 83%. Maintenance of normal osmotic concentration (980 mosM, by addition of mannitol to 60% ASW) reduced inhibition to 31%, similar to the level predicted from the availability of Na+.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The US Public’s Preference for Safer Guns

Every year, gun violence imposes an unacceptable toll on people in the United States. In 2014, the most recent year for which final data are available, 33 599 people died from gun violence; the majority of these deaths were suicides (> 21 000 deaths), and firearm homicides accounted for more than 11 000 deaths.(1) Unintentional shootings, in which children are often the shooter or victim,(2,3) comprised more than 500 deaths in 2013.(1) In addition to firearm fatalities, in 2013, more than 84 000 people in the United States suffered from nonfatal gunshot wounds, including both injuries resulting in hospitalization and injuries that were treated in emergency rooms but did not require admittance to the hospital.(1) (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print January 21, 2016: e1-e3. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2015.303041). Language: en
A drug safety evaluation of mirabegron in the management of overactive bladder.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Overactive Bladder (OAB) is a clinical syndrome describing the symptom complex of urgency, with or without urgency incontinence and is usually associated with frequency and nocturia. Antimuscarinics are currently the most widely prescribed drugs for OAB although persistence with medication is often limited due to lack of efficacy or intolerable adverse effects. Mirabegron is β3 adrenoreceptor agonist that is the first new drug licensed for the management of overactive bladder (OAB) in over 30 years.Areas Covered: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the mirabegron clinical trials programme, including Phase II, III and IV studies with a particular focus on tolerability and safety. A literature search was performed in Pubmed using the key words ‘mirabegron’, ‘overactive bladder’, ‘β3 adrenoceptor agonist’ and ‘detrusor overactivity’ with no restriction on dates.Expert Opinion: The extensive clinical trial programme has shown mirabegron to be safe and efficacious in the trea...
Selective Hydrogenation of Crotonaldehyde Over Cobalt Based Self-Supported Catalysts

Complex cobalt-carbonyl ligand based clusters of clusters are used as molecular precursors for self-supported model catalysts. These precursors consist of two metal layers: an outer of the complex Co-carbonyl ligands, and a core of metal (e.g. Co or Zn) carboxylate groups. Partial thermolysis at low temperature (LT) of these materials under hydrogen results in almost completely decarbonylated material with a mainly unchanged carboxylate metal core. Complete pyrolysis at higher temperatures (HT) in hydrogen leads to mixed metal environment. These materials were used as a heterogenous catalyst in the gas phase hydrogenation of crotonaldehyde. The maximum yield of 27 % of desired product crotyl alcohol was observed when HT-CoCo was used as the catalyst at 423 K. The catalyst activity and the crotyl alcohol selectivity remained unchanged over 2 days of operation. The bimetallic ZnCo catalysts showed lower selectivity to crotyl alcohol than the CoCo catalysts.
Generalized Multi-carrier Chaotic Shift Keying

Chaotic shift-keying, perhaps better described as chaotic carrier shift keying (CSK), encodes information in the selection of a time-synchronized orthogonal spread spectrum signal and decodes that same information by comparing the output of parallel despreaders. The general performance of CSK waveforms lacks that of coherent single-carrier modulations due to each despreader generating an independent noise statistic and potential for inter-correlations between assumed orthogonal carriers. However, the multiple carriers can be employed to significantly increase the throughput capacity of the spread waveform, permitting novel modulations that also take advantage of other phase or amplitude manipulations, much like an OFDM system. This paper generalizes the analytical and simulation results for arbitrary multi-carrier CSK systems, as well as reports on measured hardware results of a lower-order hardware CSK implementation.
A New Minimization Proof for the Brachistochrone

The other two names are the "tautochrone" and the "brachistochrone." In order to talk about the properties of the cycloid that gave it these names, we need to turn the curve upside-down, so that it is concave upward. Thus, throughout this paper, a rolling circle will always be rolling "on the ceiling." The word "tautochrone" means "same time." In the 1600's Christian Huygens discovered a pendulum whose period is independent of how high the bob swings; this is only approximately true for a regular pendulum. Huygens found that if obstructions in the shape of half cycloids are placed so that the string of a pendulum wraps around them as it swings (see Figure 2), then the bob also traces out a cycloid. Further, the period of motion is independent of whether the bob makes the full swing or swings only part of the way back and forth. This is equivalent to saying that if we build a ramp in the shape of a cycloid and let a marble roll down it, the time it takes to reach the lowest point is independent of where on the cycloid we started the marble. See Section 8.
Enterprise Competitive Intelligence System Design and Implementation Based on MVC Model

This paper introduces the basic structure of MVC model and interprets several basic design models for constructing MVC model.The MVC model combines Jsp+Servlet+JavaBean.The Enterprise Competitive Intelligence System in this paper is a concrete example of our design.
Unconventional risks: The experience of acute energy development in the Eagle Ford Shale

Abstract Many rural communities are facing complicated risks resulting from unconventional oil and gas development and hydraulic fracturing. This study focuses on residents’ experiences of risk and the factors limiting local leader’s efforts to protect residents. Data for this research were obtained through interviews with community leaders, industry officials, and focus groups with private citizens. Data collection occurred in four counties in the Eagle Ford Shale region of South Texas. Study participants shared examples of how their lives were impacted by increased truck traffic, food and housing insecurity, flaring of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas, and concerns about water contamination. Community leaders confront a tension between supporting economic growth and development associated with energy development, and managing these negative social and environmental outcomes. We identify three significant factors that weaken the power and limit the ability of local governments to effectively advocate for their communities. First, rural communities lack the staffing, expertise, and financial resources to properly cope with development. Second, the rural geography makes it difficult for local governments to work collaboratively across political borders. Third, the dominant conservative political values make it difficult for local leaders to advocate for increases in regional, state, or federal regulation.
Fiber-optic sensors for use in the geothermal well

The development of fiber optic sensors or optrodes, in the past several years has led to a great advance in the area of remote detection and analysis. This paper discusses the development of some high temperature optrodes designed to be used in very hostile environments such as those encountered in a geothermal well. The optrode sensor material is made of an extremely insoluble host material, such as synroc (e.g., CaZrTi2O7) or β-alumina, into which rare earth ions or uranyl ions have been doped. Dopants are chosen which provide a luminescent signal that changes as a function of the physical parameter or chemical species of interest.
Understanding the Consequences of Intercalation Using Model Polymer Nanolaminates

In spite of significant interest in 2D nanofillers, the effect of polymer intercalation on properties remains poorly understood. We use automated spray deposition to form two families of well-aligned polymer/clay nanolaminates that differ by one methyl group in the clay modifier; this difference results in intercalation in one instance and no intercalation in the other. Dynamic mechanical properties and gas permeability are reported alongside micromechanical and barrier models and a detailed description of the structures and phases present. Observed variations in modulus cannot be explained by micromechanical models often applied to polymer nanocomposites. In contrast with “effective particle” arguments, barrier properties are dominated by single layer aspect ratios. These findings have relevance for all manner of “bricks and mortar” hybrids. Additionally, these systems represent the macroscopic equivalent of the multilayer stacks found in practically all nanocomposites, with wide-ranging implications for...
Experimental Investigation of Cold-Formed Steel Framed Shear Wall Using Corrugated Steel Sheathing with Circular Holes

AbstractThe paper presents an experimental investigation of light-gauged cold-formed steel shear wall using corrugated steel sheets with circular holes. Corrugated steel sheathing has been shown to significantly increase the strength of the cold-formed steel shear walls but the ductility of the wall was not suitable for seismic applications. One possible solution involves creating openings in the corrugated sheets to improve the ductility. The test program included a total of 10 full-scale shear wall tests which had three different circular opening configurations and two nonperforated sheathing configurations. The research discovered that by having circular holes in the corrugated sheathing, the tested cold-formed steel shear walls could fail in sheathing ruptures instead of screw failures. The shear walls did gain ductility due to the new failure mode; however, the stiffness and strength of the shear walls were significantly reduced. It is therefore not recommended by the authors to use circular holes in...
Getting It Right for Patient Safety: Specimen Collection Process Improvement From Operating Room to Pathology.

Objectives: Specimen labeling defects within the perioperative environment are a known patient safety risk that carries the potential for adverse outcomes. These outcomes are a result of errors that occur when unsuspecting providers operate within poorly designed processes with little control over the specimen collection context. Many costly outcomes resulting from labeling errors may include patient harm, inappropriate treatments, lengthy investigations, corrective actions, and, at times, legal action. Methods: This improvement initiative to identify and reduce the risk of specimen labeling defects includes the application of a disciplined Lean problem-solving approach with the engagement of employees who actually perform the work. Results: By listening to the voice of our internal customers, we collectively redesigned the workflow by collaboratively linking work teams of the operating room and Pathology Department of Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, over a 2-year period. Conclusions: We illustrate successful interventions achieved by Lean process management by streamlining, standardizing, and mistake proofing the processes and eliminating waste and inefficiency through systematic problem solving.
Subcellular organization of ion transporters in lacrimal acinar cells: secretagogue-induced dynamics.

The electrolyte-driven secretion of water is one of the major functions of the lacrimal gland, and impairment of this function is an obvious cause of dry eyes. As reviewed elsewhere (Mircheff, 1986, 1989), Alexander et al. showed in 1972 that the lacrimal gland produces fluid in two stages, secretion of a NaCl-rich solution in the acini, and secretion of a KCl-rich solution in the ducts. Studies of ductal transport have begun only recently (Saito, this volume). In contrast, modern concepts of acinar secretory mechanisms began to emerge more than ten years ago, when Dartt and coworkers (1981) presented the first evidence that the lacrimal glands conform to the principles of epithelial electrolyte secretion formulated by Silva and coworkers (1977),
An augmented drift-diffusion formulation in semiconductor devices

The widely used drift-diffusion approximation model of charge transport employs transport coefficients that depend on the local values of the electric field, doping and lattice temperature. Nonlocal effects such as velocity overshoot become important when device feature sizes have submicron dimensions. A hierarchy of higher order transport models is used to model such effects. These give good results but require the solution of additional equations.
Cleavage of Recombinant and Plasma-Derived VWF by Human ADAMTS13

Abstract 1415 A recombinant human CHO-expressed von Willebrand factor (rVWF) consisting of ultra-high molecular weight (UHMW) multimers resembles the VWF stored in Weibel-Palade bodies of endothelial cells. Once secreted into plasma, UHMW multimers are rapidly cleaved by ADAMTS13 and are usually missing in plasma-derived VWF (pdVWF). Here we analyzed in vitro whether the kinetics of cleavage of rVWF by ADAMTS13 is similar to that of pdVWF. The kinetics of ADAMTS13-mediated proteolysis of rVWF were explored under denaturing conditions (1.5 M urea) or under shear stress so as to expose the ADAMTS13 cleavage site of VWF. Multiple assays showed that rVWF was efficiently cleaved by ADAMTS13. UHMW multimers disappeared within seconds at physiological concentrations of ADAMTS13. Using lower concentrations of ADAMTS13 (10-30 mU/ml, equivalent to 1–3% of normal human plasma), UHMW were cleaved within 30 minutes. The typical satellite bands appeared very early in an ADAMTS13 dose-dependent manner. Virtually the same results were obtained when human plasma was used as a source for ADAMTS13. Although pdVWF differs from rVWF in its multimeric structure, the decrease in activity was similar for rVWF and pdVWF. Finally, the extent of ADAMTS13 cleavage was similar for rVWF and pdVWF when exposed to shear stress using a cone-plate viscometer. Our data clearly indicate that rVWF is a good substrate for ADAMTS13. Ongoing phase 1 studies demonstrated that rVWF is indeed processed by the protease when administered in humans with severe VWD. Disclosures: Rottensteiner: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Varadi: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Vejda: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Schwarz: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment.
Rewriting the Mexican immigrant narrative: Situating indigeneity in Maya women’s stories

This article traces and maps out Indigenous narratives of migration and their relationship to dominant narratives of Latino immigration. It considers the mythic dimensions of Latino immigrant stories and how they shape and silence particular narrative threads. Through a focus on two Yucatec Maya women’s immigration stories, this study pushes beyond an ethnicity approach to immigration. The rise of Indigenous migration and the establishment of thriving transnational Indigenous communities urges us to think through “indigeneity” as a category of analysis that disrupts the homogenizing tendencies to collapse racial and ethnic experiences within Mexican migration studies. In so doing, this article makes room for overlapping histories of Indigenous peoples in Los Angeles and underscores the ties between the settler colonial and colonial logics that underpin these histories.
"Wealth Makes Many Friends": Children Expect More Giving From Resource-Rich Than Resource-Poor Individuals.

Young children show social preferences for resource-rich individuals, although few studies have explored the causes underlying such preferences. We evaluate the viability of one candidate cause: Children believe that resource wealth relates to behavior, such that they expect the resource rich to be more likely to materially benefit others (including themselves) than the resource poor. In Studies 1 and 2 (ages 4–10), American children from predominantly middle-income families (n = 94) and Indian children from lower income families (n = 30) predicted that the resource rich would be likelier to share with others than the resource poor. In Study 3, American children (n = 66) made similar predictions in an incentivized decision-making task. The possibility that children's expectations regarding giving contribute to prowealth preferences is discussed.
Causal understandings: Controversy, social context, and mesothelioma research

Asbestos-related diseases are often considered a ‘thing of the past’ in the global North. Yet, asbestos products remain widely used in the global South, especially in low cost housing. Like many occupational diseases, the history of asbestos is fraught with scientific controversy. The role of the asbestos industry in fostering uncertainty has been investigated for decades. But, less is known about the ways in which publicly-funded, not industry-funded, science has produced ignorance about the health consequences of exposure. To explore the contribution of publicly-funded science to the construction of ignorance, we examine the continuities and discontinuities among three hypotheses of mesothelioma causality: the amphibole hypothesis, the SV40 hypothesis, and the genetic hypothesis. Placing our analysis of scientific controversy in the context of asbestos mining in South Africa, we summarize the key features of the long-standing amphibole hypothesis, track in detail the emergence of SV40 as a causal agent, and outline the ongoing debate over genes as causes of mesothelioma. Regardless of the source of funding, we argue that by operating within conceptually closed biomedical frameworks, each hypothesis generated scientific controversy that made the political, social, and economic context of asbestos mining, milling, and manufacture in South Africa and other regions of the global South invisible, thereby limiting causal understanding.