cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Point Mutation in a Type-i Procollagen Gene Converts Glycine-748 of the Alpha-1 Chain To Cysteine and Destabilizes the Triple Helix in a Lethal Variant of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Synthesis of type I procollagen was examined in fibroblasts from a proband with a lethal perinatal variant of osteogenesis imperfecta. After trypsin digestion of the type I procollagen, a portion of the alpha 1 (I) chains was recovered as disulfide-linked dimers. Digestion of the protein with vertebrate collagenase and mapping of cyanogen bromide peptides suggested that a new cysteine residue was present between residues 551 and 775 of the alpha 1 (I) chain. Sequencing of cloned cDNAs prepared using mRNA from the proband's fibroblasts demonstrated that some of the clones contained a single base mutation that converted the glycine codon in amino acid position 748 of the alpha 1 (I) chain to a cysteine codon. About 80% of the type I procollagen synthesized by the proband's fibroblasts had a decreased thermal stability. The results, therefore, were consistent with the conclusion that normal pro-alpha 1 (I) chains and pro-alpha 1 (I) chains containing a cysteine residue in the alpha chain domain were synthesized in about equal amounts and incorporated randomly into type I procollagen. However, only about 10% of the alpha 1 (I) chains generated by trypsin digestion were disulfide-linked. Further studies demonstrated a decreased rate of secretion of type I procollagen containing the new cysteine residue and decreased processing of the protein by procollagen N-proteinase in cultures of postconfluent fibroblasts. Both parents were phenotypically normal and their fibroblasts synthesized only normal type I procollagen. Therefore, the mutation in the proband was a sporadic one and is very likely to have caused the connective tissue fragility that produced the lethal phenotype.
Some new results on the capabilities of integer weights neural networks in classification problems

This paper analyzes some aspects of the computational power of neural networks (NN) using integer weights in a very restricted range. Using limited range integer values opens the road for efficient VLSI implementations because: 1) a limited range for the weights can be translated into reduced storage requirements, and 2) integer computation can be implemented in a more efficient way than the floating point one. The paper shows that a neural network using integer weights in the range [-p,p] (where p is a small integer value) can classify correctly any set of patterns included in a hypercube of unit side length centered around the origin of R/sub n/, n/spl ges/2, for which the minimum Euclidean distance between two patterns of opposite classes is d/sub min//spl ges//spl radic/(n-1)/2p.
A Spur Suppression Technique Using an Edge-Interpolator for a Charge-Pump PLL

This paper proposes a new reference-spur elimination architecture for a charge-pump-based phase locked loop (PLL) using an edge interpolation technique. By utilizing a charge-distribution mechanism on the control voltage of the voltage-controlled oscillator, the proposed architecture is capable of suppressing high-order harmonics of the reference spur, as well as a fundamental spur. In implementation, the eight-stage edge interpolator achieved more than 16-dB additional spur suppression. In addition, the harmonics of the reference spur within a 104-MHz frequency offset, the location of the eighth harmonic of the reference spur, were dramatically suppressed. The prototype PLL was fully integrated in a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, which occupies a 670 μm × 640 μm active chip area. Additional circuits for the edge interpolator consumes less than one-fifth of the total area and power.
A sequential sampling plan for classifying infestations of southern potato wireworm

A plan is proposed whereby 1 to 3 hours of sampling will usually determine whether measures for control of the southern potato wireworm,Conoderus falli Lane, are warranted. This pest is potentially serious but does not consistently occur in sufficient numbers to cause economic injury to potatoes.
Infra-red spectroscopic investigation of bulk-crystallized trans-1,4-polyisoprene

Abstract Crystallization from the melt of trans -1,4-polyisoprene was followed using Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy. The spectral subtraction factor versus time was obtained at the crystallization temperature and after cooling to 25°C for fractions and for the parent material. Crystallization of the β crystal form was followed at 36 and 43°C and of the α form at 43 and 51°C. Samples crystallized at 25°C and subsequently annealed at 43°C were also monitored. The amorphous fraction for prenucleated melt-crystallized α-form-containing samples increased with molecular weight at the crystallization temperature and after cooling to 25°C. Samples containing the β crystal form showed a molecular-weight dependence at a crystallization/annealing temperature of 43°C that disappears upon cooling the sample to 25°C. The results are discussed in terms of lamellar surface disorder and lamellar thickness distribution.
Modelling microphysical and meteorological controls on precipitation and cloud cellular structures in Southeast Pacific stratocumulus

Abstract. Microphysical and meteorological controls on the formation of open and closed cellular structures in the Southeast Pacific are explored using model simulations based on aircraft observations during the VAMOS Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx). The effectiveness of factors such as boundary-layer moisture and temperature perturbations, surface heat and moisture fluxes, large-scale vertical motion and solar heating in promoting drizzle and open cell formation for prescribed aerosol number concentrations is explored. For the case considered, drizzle and subsequent open cell formation over a broad region are more sensitive to the observed boundary-layer moisture and temperature perturbations (+0.9 g kg−1; −1 K) than to a five-fold decrease in aerosol number concentration (150 vs. 30 mg−1). When embedding the perturbations in closed cells, local drizzle and pockets of open cell (POC) formation respond faster to the aerosol reduction than to the moisture increase, but the latter generates stronger and more persistent drizzle. A local negative perturbation in temperature drives a mesoscale circulation that prevents local drizzle formation but promotes it in a remote area where lower-level horizontal transport of moisture is blocked and converges to enhance liquid water path. This represents a potential mechanism for POC formation in the Southeast Pacific stratocumulus region whereby the circulation is triggered by strong precipitation in adjacent broad regions of open cells. A simulation that attempts to mimic the influence of a coastally induced upsidence wave results in an increase in cloud water but this alone is insufficient to initiate drizzle. An increase of surface sensible heat flux is also effective in triggering local drizzle and POC formation. Both open and closed cells simulated with observed initial conditions exhibit distinct diurnal variations in cloud properties. A stratocumulus deck that breaks up due solely to solar heating can recover at night. Precipitation in the open-cell cases depletes the aerosol to the extent that cloud formation is significantly suppressed within one diurnal cycle. A replenishment rate of cloud condensation nuclei of order 1 mg−1 h−1 is sufficient to maintain clouds and prevent the boundary layer from collapsing the following day, suggesting that some local and/or remote aerosol sources is necessary for POCs to be able to last for days.
Temperature tolerance of the polychaete worms Diopatra cuprea and Clymenella torquata

The resistance to high temperatures of two species of intertidal tube-dwelling polychaete worms has been tested to show seasonal and geographic variations. The summer 50% survival temperature at Beaufort, North Carolina, was 42.5 °C for Diopatra cuprea (Bosc) and 40.5 °C for Clymenella torquata (Leidy). Winter 50% survival temperatures for both species at Beaufort were approximately 4.0 C° lower. Both species showed a geographic difference in 50% survival temperature of more than 4.0 C° between North Carolina and Massachusetts in summer. D. cuprea from the Mississippi coast showed a lower survival temperature, probably due to combined temperature and salinity effects. Laboratory acclimation of C. torquata from Beaufort at low temperatures, during summer months, produced experimental results similar to those from winter animals. The seasonal differences in temperature tolerance are phenotypic expressions of a physiological response which can be related to environmental temperature patterns.
Modification of the electrical properties of frog sartorius muscles by salts of L-aspartic acid

Abstract Resting membrane potentials and action potentials of frog sartorius muscle fibers were measured using intracellular glass microelectrodes. L-K-aspartate or L-Na-aspartate was capable of repolarizing the muscle cells which had been depolarized by reducing intracellular potassium or by elevating the potassium in the bathing medium. The repolarization (6–10 mV) was accompanied by an equivalent increase in the negative after-potential (N.A.P.) without altering other action potential parameters. The response occured in either isotonic or hypertonic Ringer's solution. Possible mechanisms which could produce hyperpolarization are examined and it is concluded that the repolarization may be associated with increased potassium retention which occurs in the presence of aspartic acid.
Magnetic tornadoes: three-dimensional affine motions in ideal magnetohydrodynamics

Abstract From Hamilton's principle and a factorization Ansatz we derive a class of exact solutions for three-dimensional motion in ideal, compressible MHD. These exact nonlinear solutions are motions generated by time-dependent affine transformations, under which the fluid rotates, circulates and deforms. They reduce to three-dimensional self-similar solutions when rotation is absent. Continuous symmetries of Hamilton's principle for the affine MHD motions generate various constants of motion. Discrete symmetries establish duality relations among classes of solutions. In a special case, rotational and circulatory MHD motion is expressed as classical mechanical motion upon its own symmetry group, the Lie group O(4), in the well-known Arnold-Lax-Euler commutator form, M = [ω, M] .
Effects of vocal demands on voice performance of student singers.

Summary Purpose The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of cumulative vocal demands on the voices of music students majoring in voice throughout an academic semester. Method Acoustic and aerodynamic voice parameters captured across an academic semester were analyzed. This study was designed as a time-course investigation, in which all participants were tested individually at three separate times distributed equally over an academic semester. General effects were verified with the application of one-way within-participants analysis of variances with repeated measures. The equipment used for monitoring vocal behavior consisted of the Computerized Speech Lab, the Phonatory Aerodynamic System, and the Ambulatory Phonation Monitor, computer-based systems for the assessment of voice. Self-reported data regarding voice usage were also collected. Results In this study, comparisons of voice parameters of student singers repeatedly measured throughout an extended period of time did not lead to statistically significant differences. Self-reported information suggested a reasonable level of knowledge and awareness regarding voice concerns in this population. Conclusions The results of this study indicated consistent stability of voice acoustic and aerodynamic parameters in this group throughout an academic semester.
A Supplement to "A Mathematician's Guide to Popular Sports"

Introduction. Tom Jech, in his MONTHLY article of April 1983 [8], claims to have found the "one and only one correct way of comparing teams according to their records even when their playing schedules are not identical." Although Jech's justification for his method is new, the method of comparison is old (it has been discovered independently by Zermelo [14], Bradley and Terry [3], and Ford [7] among others), much is known about it, and Jech's claim and his justification for it have been challenged by some MONTHLY readers. Here we intend to summarize the history of Jech's method and some of the debate over his claims. There is a vast literature on the method of paired comparisons; we don't intend this note to be exhaustive and we suggest that the reader interested in further information see David [4] and Bradley [2].
Polyorogenic 40Ar/39Ar mineral age record within the Kalak Nappe Complex, Northern Scandinavian Caledonides

The Kalak Nappe Complex is composed of variably retrogressed, middle Proterozoic basement and imbricated, polydeformed, metasedimentary cover successions which, at least in part, appear to have originated within the late Proterozoic-early Palaeozoic Baltoscandian miogeocline. Mafic-alkaline plutons (Seiland Igneous Suite) occur within uppermost structural units of the nappe complex. 40 Ar/ 39 Ar incremental-release mineral ages suggest local differences in tectonothermal evolution within the Kalak Nappe Complex. Post-metamorphic cooling dates of c. 490 Ma are locally recorded by hornblende within the structurally highest tectonic unit suggesting significant orogenic activity occurred during and/or immediately prior to the Arenig. A distinctly later metamorphic overprint occurred in the Silurian and was of sufficient magnitude to everywhere rejuvenate Ar systems in muscovite and nepheline and locally in hornblende. This was followed by relatively rapid post-metamorphic cooling through hornblende and muscovite Ar closure temperatures between c. 425 and 415 Ma. The complex tectonic history suggested for the Kalak Nappe Complex is generally similar to that previously outlined for the central Swedish Caledonides. Together, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar mineral ages from these widely separated areas indicate that significant tectonothermal activity occurred along the Baltoscandian margin prior to the Silurian. This activity appears, at least in part, to have been associated with formation of a Late Cambrian-Early Ordovician accretionary wedge over a westward-dipping subduction zone during initial closure of the Iapetus Ocean.
Holy Fools, Secular Saints, and Illiterate Saviors in American Literature and Popular Culture

In her article, "Holy Fools, Secular Saints, and Illiterate Saviors in American Literature and Popular Culture," Dana Heller identifies and analyzes characteristics of the holy fool figure in American literature and culture. Heller defines the holy fool, or divine idiot, as a figure central to U.S. myths of nation. One encounters such figures in American literature as well as in American folklore, popular culture, and mass media. In American culture, the Divine Idiot is a hybrid form which grows out of the crossings of numerous literary and historical currents, both secular and non-secular. This unwieldy hybridity -the fact that Divine Idiots in American literature resonate across so many historical, national, cultural, and ethnic boundaries while retaining some loose correspondence with earlier Christian prototypes -has rendered them difficult to locate. However, this identification -or unveiling -is a crucial part of an idiot's social function and performance. In her analysis, Heller discusses writings by Flannery O'Connor, Jack Kerouac, Norman Mailer, and films such as The Green Mile and Forrest Gump, in an effort to define divine idiocy in American culture as a means of addressing historical contradictions in American society. Dana Heller, "Holy Fools, Secular Saints, and Illiterate Saviors in American Literature and Popular Culture” page 2 of 15 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 5.3 (2003):
Sound-Pressure-Level Variations in a Supersonic Rectangular Cavity at Yaw

An experimental investigation was undertaken to examine the effect of yaw angles on  ow oscillations that occur within an open cavity at M = 2. A rectangular cavity with a length-to-depth ratio of 2 and a planar aspect ratio of 11.83 was placed within a thick turbulent boundary layer with a corresponding Re = 7.3 10. Pressure– time histories were acquired at 25 separate yaw angles using high-speed pressure transducers. These signals were analyzed and the sound pressure levels and dominant frequencies determined. This study indicates that large changes in the sound pressure level occur as the yaw angle is changed from 0 to 70 deg. Further, evidence suggesting a mode switch from a transverse acoustic mode at yaw angles less than approximately 40 deg to a  uid dynamic mode for yaw angles >45 deg is presented.
Blood glucose, insulin, cholesterol and triglyceride levels in women treated for six months with the weekly oral contraceptive R2323

Abstract Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were measured during a three-hour oral glucose tolerance test in twenty-one women using the weekly oral contraceptive R2323. The tests were done before starting the drug and again during the sixth month of use for the nineteen women with a “normal” control glucose test. The results show no change in either the blood glucose or plasma insulin levels at the six month test except for the 3-hour glucose value which significantly decreased. There were two women whose control glucose tolerance test was “borderline abnormal” and both of these reverted to “normal” after six months of treatment. In addition fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured at the two tests and these did not change. The study suggests that this contraceptive steroid does not adversely affect lipid or carbohydrate metabolism, yet it does prevent pregnancy.
Phyllosilicates and sulfates at Endeavour Crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars

[1] Phyllosilicates have been identified on the Martian surface from orbit, and are hypothesized to have formed under wet, non-acidic conditions early in the planet's history. Exposures of these minerals have not yet been examined by a landed mission. Using Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter data, we report the detection of phyllosilicate-bearing outcrops that may be accessible by the Mars Exploration Rover Opportunity currently exploring Meridiani Planum. The phyllosilicates are associated with layered, polygonally fractured rocks exposed in the rim of the 20 km diameter crater Endeavour. These rocks may have formed via regional or global-scale processes of aqueous alteration that predated the period of acid sulfate formation recorded in the rocks that Opportunity has studied to date. Detailed characterization by Opportunity could better constrain the conditions under which these phyllosilicates formed. Hydrated sulfates are also detected from orbit in the plains adjacent to Endeavour's rim, providing the first opportunity for ground truth of these detections.
Cardioplegia and ventricular late potentials in cardiac surgical patients

Background and objective Ventricular late potentials (LP) recording with signal-averaged electrocar- diogram allow identifying patients at risk of sudden death and ventricular tachycardia. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could predispose to the development of myocardial ischemia related to imperfect cardioplegia. To the best of our knowledge, no study investigated the protection of cardioplegia and CPB regarding the occurrence of LP in patients without previous myocardial infarction and undergoing cardiac surgery.
Pancreatic polypeptide is a useful plasma marker for radiographically evident pancreatic islet cell tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1.

Abstract Background. The usefulness of human pancreatic polypeptide (hPP) as a plasma marker for islet cell neoplasms is controversial. We sought to determine the relation between fasting plasma hPP levels and radiographically detectable pancreatic islet cell tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1). Methods. Fasting plasma hPP levels were measured prospectively in 202 individuals from 31 independent kindreds with MEN 1. Plasma levels greater than 3.0 times the normal age-specific values were defined as elevated. Patients with elevated plasma hPP levels were evaluated with computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging, octreotide scanning, or selective angiography. Results. Twenty-two patients had elevated fasting plasma hPP levels, and 20 of these patients were evaluated radiographically. Pancreatic lesions were detected in 19 patients. A group of eight patients with normal basal fasting plasma hPP levels were evaluated with computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, octreotide scanning, or selective angiography based on clinical presentation. One patient in this group had an imaging study that was positive for a pancreatic lesion. Conclusions. The presence of a markedly elevated fasting plasma hPP level in patients with MEN 1 is 95% sensitive and 88% specific for the presence of radiographically detectable pancreatic islet cell tumors.
HEMODYNAMICS AND POSITIVE END-EXPIRATORY PRESSURE IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS

The application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during mechanical ventilation results in an intrathoracic pressure that is elevated in relation to atmospheric pressure throughout the respiratory cycle. Because hemodynamic monitoring equipment is used and calibrated at atmospheric pressure, measurement of central filling pressures during PEEP ventilation may be elevated spuriously. At the same time, PEEP ventilation can reduce central filling pressures by impeding venous return to the right heart and facilitating left ventricular outflow. The result may be an increase in measured central filling pressures at a time when they actually may be decreased. On the other hand, PEEP may have little effect on either filling pressures or their measurement because the transmission of airway pressures to the pleural and pericardial space varies considerably depending on the patient's anatomy, lung disease, and hydrational state. Proper interpretation of hemodynamic measurements during PEEP ventilation requires not only an understanding of the hemodynamic consequences of elevated intrathoracic pressure but also an understanding of the factors that govern the transmission of airway pressures to the intrapleural, pericardial, and, ultimately, the pulmonary perivascular space. This article examines the factors that effect the transmission of airway pressures to intrathoracic structures. The effects of PEEP on central venous pressures, cardiac filling pressures, and right and left ventricular function are discussed. Finally, various techniques available for estimating intrathoracic pressures and their limitations in predicting the accuracy of central filling pressures measured during PEEP ventilation are reviewed.
Metropolitan Racial Residential Segregation and Cardiovascular Mortality: Exploring Pathways

Racial residential segregation has been associated with an increased risk for heart disease and stroke deaths. However, there has been little research into the role that candidate mediating pathways may play in the relationship between segregation and heart disease or stroke deaths. In this study, we examined the relationship between metropolitan statistical area (MSA)-level segregation and heart disease and stroke mortality rates, by age and race, and also estimated the effects of various educational, economic, social, and health-care indicators (which we refer to as pathways) on this relationship. We used Poisson mixed models to assess the relationship between the isolation index in 265 U.S. MSAs and county-level (heart disease, stroke) mortality rates. All models were stratified by race (non-Hispanic black, non-Hispanic white), age group (35–64 years, ≥65 years), and cause of death (heart disease, stroke). We included each potential pathway in the model separately to evaluate its effect on the segregation–mortality association. Among blacks, segregation was positively associated with heart disease mortality rates in both age groups but only with stroke mortality rates in the older age group. Among whites, segregation was marginally associated with heart disease mortality rates in the younger age group and was positively associated with heart disease mortality rates in the older age group. Three of the potential pathways we explored attenuated relationships between segregation and mortality rates among both blacks and whites: percentage of female-headed households, percentage of residents living in poverty, and median household income. Because the percentage of female-headed households can be seen as a proxy for the extent of social disorganization, our finding that it has the greatest attenuating effect on the relationship between racial segregation and heart disease and stroke mortality rates suggests that social disorganization may play a strong role in the elevated rates of heart disease and stroke found in racially segregated metropolitan areas.
Spectroscopic Study of the Br2B3Π(0U+)–X1ΣG+SYSTEM Using Fourier Transform Absorption and Laser-Induced Fluorescence Techniques

Abstract The spectroscopy of the Br2B3Π(0U+)–X1ΣG+system has been revisited using both high-resolution Fourier transform spectroscopy and laser-induced fluorescence techniques. Improved rotational constants are reported based on an analysis of 97 vibrational bands observed in absorption at 0.02 cm−1resolution for the79Br79Br isotope, includingv′ = 6–39,v″ = 0–5, andJ″ ≤ 84. In addition, over 100 bandheads in the79Br81Br isotope were identified from laser-induced fluorescence transitions originating from 15 ≤v′ ≤ 21 and terminating on high-lying vibrational levels in the ground electronic state, 1 ≤v″ ≤ 27. The vibrational constants for theX1Σg+state extended to v″ = 27 are ωe= 323.88 cm−1, ωexe= 1.0696 cm−1, and ωeye= −0.00280 cm−1.
HIGH LEVEL OF AB INITIO AND HYBRID DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY STUDY OF ELECTRON AFFINITIES FOR SOME MULTI-SPIN DIATOMIC MOLECULES

Abstract The quadratic complete basis set ab initio computational approach and the hybrid density functional theory method were used to evaluate electron affinities of multi-spin diatomic molecules. The generalization stating that the hybrid density functional theory method is inappropriate for negative molecules was rejected, and the overestimation of the correlation effect was suggested as the cause of the high electron affinities.
On the clustering of compact galaxy pairs in dark matter haloes

We analyze the clustering of photometrically selected galaxy pairs by using the halo-occupation distribution (HOD) model. We measure the angular two-point auto-correlation function, $\omega(\theta)$, for galaxies and galaxy pairs in three volume-limited samples and develop an HOD to model their clustering. Our results are successfully fit by these HOD models, and we see the separation of "1-halo" and "2-halo" clustering terms for both single galaxies and galaxy pairs. Our clustering measurements and HOD model fits for the single galaxy samples are consistent with previous results. We find that the galaxy pairs generally have larger clustering amplitudes than single galaxies, and the quantities computed during the HOD fitting, e.g., effective halo mass, $M_{eff}$, and linear bias, $b_{g}$, are also larger for galaxy pairs. We find that the central fractions for galaxy pairs are significantly higher than single galaxies, which confirms that galaxy pairs are formed at the center of more massive dark matter haloes. We also model the clustering dependence of the galaxy pair correlation function on redshift, galaxy type, and luminosity. We find early-early pairs (bright galaxy pairs) cluster more strongly than late-late pairs (dim galaxy pairs), and that the clustering does not depend on the luminosity contrast between the two galaxies in the compact group.
State Education Finance and Governance Profile: Alabama

Population (2008)4,661,900Total K-12 enrollment842,369Nonpublic enrollment as% of total enrollment12%Current expenditures per pupil$7,608Public K-12 education current expenditures (all government l...
Use of a porous polyethylene lid spacer for management of eyelid retraction in patients with Boston type II keratoprosthesis.

AbstractPurpose: To report a novel application of a porous polyethylene implant for lid stabilization and management of eyelid retraction in a patient with an exposed Boston Keratoprosthesis Type II.Methods: A 54-year-old woman with a history of mucous membrane pemphigoid and failed penetrating keratoplasty of the left eye underwent implantation of a Boston Keratoprosthesis (KPro) Type II along with permanent surgical fusion of the upper and lower lids of the left eye in January 2010. At one month follow-up, significant retraction of the lower lid around the inferior margin of the optic was noted, resulting in partial exposure of the keratoprosthesis. The patient subsequently underwent left lower eyelid reconstruction with a porous polyethylene implant to ensure coverage and stability of the KPro.Results: Eyelid reconstruction using a porous polyethylene implant resulted in stable retention of the KPro Type II for over 2 years.Conclusion: In patients with Boston KPro Type II in the setting of severe cicat...
The Information-Seeking Behavior of Youth in the Digital Environment

The theory of Radical Change, which is based on the digital age principles of interactivity, connectivity, and access, is suggested as a lens to reexamine existing research on youth information-seeking behavior in the digital environment. After a brief review of research meta-analyses, which often point to defi cits in youth information-seeking behavior, questions that emerge from this research are suggested. Meta-analyses of gender and information behavior studies fi nd that some recent research disputes former conclusions. Radical Change is applied to an examination of specifi c facets of contemporary research in order to demonstrate how new perspectives can be gained. This analysis addresses commonalities between information-seeking behavior related to the handheld book with hypertextual qualities and digital materials, the social nature of information seeking, and emerging issues of access. It is noted that the public library as a setting for research has rarely been used, even though its less structured nature might provide insights that do not surface in schools. A look at directions for youth information-seeking behavior research in the future proposes how brain research might shed further light on behavioral observations. Conclusions note existing research and summarize some new points of view and areas for investigation.
Surface characterization of Pd/Al2O3 sorbents for mercury capture from fuel gas

The surface composition of a series of Pd/alumina sorbents has been characterized to better understand the factors influencing their ability to adsorb mercury from fuel gas. Both a temperature effect and a dispersion effect were found. Maximum adsorption of Hg occurred at the lowest temperature tested, 2048C, and decreased with increasing temperatures. Maximum adsorption of Hg on a per-atom basis of Pd is observed at low loadings of Pd (58.5% Pd) due to better dispersion of Pd at those loadings; a change in its partitioning occurs at higher loadings. The presence of H2S in the fuel gas acts to promote the adsorption of Hg through its association with Hg in the Pd lattice.
Fluorescent antibody studies on the intracellular form of Leishmania donovani grown in cell culture.

Leishman-donovan bodies of Leishmania donovani from an infected hamster's spleen were injected intraperitoneally into the previously saline-stimulated abdominal cavities of hamsters. Macrophages containing intracellular parasites were harvested from these hamsters and maintained in vitro on cover slips in Leighton tubes in a balanced salt solution-serum medium. These parasitized cells on cover slips were used as the antigen in fluorescent antibody studies. The parasitized cells were used to detect and titrate the anti-leishmanial antibody from sera of infected mice by both the direct and indirect fluorescent antibody techniques. These infected macrophages were also used to detect and titrate the anti-leishmanial antibody in sera from proven cases of kala azar.
The complementary value of sleep-deprived EEG in childhood onset epilepsy.

Summary Background Although EEG is an important diagnostic tool in suspected childhood onset epilepsy, as many as 50% of wakefulness records remain normal. Sleep-deprived EEG has been reported in adults to serve as an activator of epileptic discharges but such effect is still not agreed upon in children reporting small series. Purpose Assess the complementary diagnostic value of sleep deprivation on the induction of epileptic discharges in childhood onset epilepsy having a normal awake record within a period of 5 years. EEG recording was performed during the awake, drowsiness and sleep states following sleep deprivation of 6 h. Background Results: Fifty five children of whom the initial record failed to detect epileptiform discharges, were assessed at age 5–17 years (mean: 10 ± 3.7), 27 boys and 28 girls. Sleep occurred in 51 (92.7%) after sleep deprivation and in only 1 (1.8%) during an awake record. Epileptic discharges were detected in 15 of 55 (27.2%) previous non-epileptic awake records during the sleep-deprived EEG either during wakefulness and more frequent during sleep. Eight abnormal records were detected in 18 (44%) children presenting with a focal seizure and 7 of 35 (20%) associated with generalized seizures. Epileptic discharges were recorded mainly and more frequent during sleep. Conclusions Our data suggests that sleep deprivation imposes an apparent activating impact uncovering epileptic discharges children corroborating with overt clinical seizures even beyond the sampling effect of repeat records.
Public Integrity Auditing for Dynamic Data Sharing With Multiuser Modification

In past years, the rapid development of cloud storage services makes it easier than ever for cloud users to share data with each other. To ensure users’ confidence of the integrity of their shared data on cloud, a number of techniques have been proposed for data integrity auditing with focuses on various practical features, e.g., the support of dynamic data, public integrity auditing, low communication/computational audit cost, and low storage overhead. However, most of these techniques consider that only the original data owner can modify the shared data, which limits these techniques to client read-only applications. Recently, a few attempts started considering more realistic scenarios by allowing multiple cloud users to modify data with integrity assurance. Nevertheless, these attempts are still far from practical due to the tremendous computational cost on cloud users, especially when high error detection probability is required by the system. In this paper, we propose a novel integrity auditing scheme for cloud data sharing services characterized by multiuser modification, public auditing, high error detection probability, efficient user revocation as well as practical computational/communication auditing performance. Our scheme can resist user impersonation attack, which is not considered in existing techniques that support multiuser modification. Batch auditing of multiple tasks is also efficiently supported in our scheme. Extensive experiments on Amazon EC2 cloud and different client devices (contemporary and mobile devices) show that our design allows the client to audit the integrity of a shared file with a constant computational cost of 340 ms on PC (4.6 s on mobile device) and a bounded communication cost of 77 kB for 99% error detection probability with data corruption rate of 1%.
Steady-state multiplicity during solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate in a CSTR

Abstract This paper examines the steady-state behavior of a CSTR during solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Simulation studies reveal the hitherto unreported existence of multiple isolas and unusual multiplicity features, arising from isola evolution for some regions of reactor parameter space. The stability of some of these unusual steady states is analyzed. The influence of the reactor operating conditions on the molecular weight distribution (MWD) is also investigated and the various multiplicity features associated with the MWD are reported. The behavior of the reactor at very high conversion ( > 95%) and the associated MWD profiles are presented. Finally, the practical consequences of these phenomena on reactor control and MWD manipulation are further discussed.
Intrauterine Hyperparathyroidism: A Complication of Untreated Maternal Hypoparathyroidism

Reported here are the clinical course of a 21-yr-old woman with congenital hypoparathyroidism, who had received minimal treatment with vitamin D, and that of her firstborn infant. Because of abnormalities found on roentgenograms of the newborn's long bones, it is postulated that the infant had hyperparathyroidism during intrauterine life secondary to the mother's hypoparathyroidism.
Deterministic and stochastic models for coalescence (aggregation and coagulation): a review of the mean-field theory for probabilists

Author(s): Aldous, DJ | Abstract: Consider N particles, which merge into clusters according to the following rule: a cluster of size x and a cluster of size y merge at (stochastic) rate K(x, y)/N, were AT is a specified rate kernel. This Marcus-Lushnikov model of stochastic coalescence and the underlying deterministic approximation given by the Smoluchowski coagulation equations have an extensive scientific literature. Some mathematical literature (Kingman's coalescent in population genetics; component sizes in random graphs) implicitly studies the special cases K(x, y) = 1 and K(x, y) = xy. We attempt a wide-ranging survey. General kernels are only now starting to be studied rigorously; so many interesting open problems appear. © 1999 ISI/BS.
A survey of accredited dental technology education programs in the United States.

The data from a survey of 34 dental technology education programs are evaluated and discussed. Information was gathered from a survey of accredited dental technology education programs in the United States in 1974. As expected from accredited programs, a generally good educational standard exists. Nevertheless, most programs would benefit from a close working association with a dental school. There are too few accredited programs and their distribution throughout the country is uneven.
Composite layering in the Isle au Haut igneous complex, Maine: evidence for periodic invasion of a mafic magma into an evolving magma reservoir

Abstract The Paleozoic Isle au Haut Igneous Complex, Maine, is a composite layered sequence of alternating gabbroic and dioritic units situated between two granitic bodies. Field and textural relationships for a layered sequence of ten alternating gabbroic and dioritic units show that they were liquid or largely liquid contemporaneously. The bases of the gabbros are chilled against the underlying diorite, from which cylindrical pipes of a component of the diorite intrude vertically into the gabbro. Immediately below the chilled gabbro contacts, pillow-like lobate structures, also chilled, have become detached and sunk into the diorite for a half meter or less. These pillows are compositionally identical to the chilled margins of the overlying gabbro and preserve their liquid composition. Chemistry of the gabbros indicates that they are similar to within-plate tholeiites and that they are uniform in average composition throughout the stratigraphic succession. The dioritic units, on the other hand, change progressively from mafic quartz diorite to quartz monzodiorite with stratigraphic height. A comparison of their respective densities indicates a gravitationally unstable situation if both the gabbroic and dioritic units were simultaneously liquid. However, a gravitationally stable situation would exist if the diorite were in fact the cumulate floor of a more felsic magma reservoir. Thus, we contend that the composite-layered sequence represents the successive invasion, or replenishment, of an evolving dioritic chamber by a compositionally uniform gabbroic magma that intruded sill-like between the cumulate floor of the chamber and the overlying melt.
New anionic copper(I) dihalide cyclic guanidinate compounds with H-bonded chelating guanidinium cations

Abstract Two new copper(I) dihalide cyclic guanidine salts have been synthesized and characterized structurally, (H2hpp) [(Hhpp)CuCl2], 1 and (H2hpp) [(Hhpp)CuBr2], 2, where Hhpp = (1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydropyrimido[1,2-a]pyrimidine). Both compounds are isomorphous, crystallizing in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c. They exhibit the very unusual feature of a trigonal planar copper(I) center tri-coordinated to a neutral cyclic guanidine with two halides in an anion and a cyclic guanidinium cation H-bonded as a chelate to the halides.
Time-to-Event Modeling for Predicting Hacker IRC Community Participant Trajectory

As computing and communication technologies become ubiquitous throughout society, researchers and practitioners have become motivated to advance current cybersecurity capabilities. In particular, research on the human element behind cybercrime would offer new knowledge on securing cyberspace against those with malicious intent. Past work documents the existence of many hacker communities with participants sharing various cybercriminal assets and knowledge. However, participants vary in expertise, with some possessing only passing curiosity while others are capable cybercriminals. Here we develop a time-to-event based approach for assessing the relationship between various participation behaviors and participation length among hacker Internet Relay Chat (IRC) community participants. Using both the Kaplan-Meier model and Cox's model, we are able to develop predictions on individuals' participation trajectorybased on a series of message content and social network features. Results indicate that participation volume, discussion of pertinent topics, and social interconnectedness are all important at varying levels for identifying participants within hacker communities that have potential to become adept cybercriminals.
Arachidonic Acid and Bovine Corpus Luteum Function1

SummaryInjections of arachidonic acid directly into the corpora lutea of normal cattle at the 12th or 13th day of the estrous cycle resulted in (a) a decline in jugular vein plasma progesterone levels from an average of 6 ng/ml to 2.5 ng/ml (P < 0.05), (b) an immediate rise in PGF levels in ovarian venous plasma, and (c) a sharp rise in jugular vein plasma estrogen levels. Jugular plasma estrogen peaks were associated with each ovarian vein PGF peak in each animal; jugular plasma LH levels did not change. These results show that the bovine ovary can convert arachidonic acid to PGF and that arachidonic acid administered directly into the corpus luteum results in partial regression of the corpus luteum. PGF appears to stimulate estrogen production by the ovary in the absence of measurable changes of plasma LH.The technical assistance of R. Saatman and Denise Lensing is gratefully acknowledged.
Trait ratings of the in-group and out-group with minimal acquaintance: Differentiation and out-group favorability

Abstract Malloy et al. (2011) studied trait judgments and behavior of Black and White men during face-to-face interactions at zero-acquaintance and found that intergroup responses were asymmetric. The present research extends that work. In Study 1 Black and White men observed two dyadic interactions from the Malloy et al (2011) study and rated in-group targets’ traits. In Study 2, using the type generation paradigm , Black and White males and females generated types of persons from their racial in-group or out-group and rated their traits. Blacks differentiated the unique traits of Whites to a greater extent than Whites differentiated the unique traits of Blacks. Blacks and Whites judged out-group targets’ traits more positively than those of in-group members, and both differentiated the unique traits of in-group members more than out-group members.
Multipotent Flk-1+ Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells Give Rise to the Cardiomyocyte, Endothelial, and Vascular Smooth Muscle Lineages

Cell-tracing studies in the mouse indicate that the cardiac lineage arises from a population that expresses the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, Flk-1), suggesting that it may develop from a progenitor with vascular potential. Using the embryonic stem (ES) cell differentiation model, we have identified a cardiovascular progenitor based on the temporal expression of the primitive streak (PS) marker brachyury and Flk-1. Comparable progenitors could also be isolated from head-fold stage embryos. When cultured with cytokines known to function during cardiogenesis, individual cardiovascular progenitors generated colonies that displayed cardiomyocyte, endothelial, and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) potential. Isolation and characterization of this previously unidentified population suggests that the mammalian cardiovascular system develops from multipotential progenitors.
Ionization Chamber Measurements of the Absorption of the N -Component of Cosmic Rays in Lead

A detecting system that responds only to ionization bursts produced by nuclear interactions of the so-called $N$-component of cosmic radiation is described. The burst rate observed with this detector has been measured as a function of the thickness of lead absorber above the system at sea level and at 10,600 feet.
Realizing positive network effects in synthetic biology

Realizing positive network effects inherent in the engineering of biology requires an infrastructure that enables researchers to share and access information and materials that reside outside the boundaries of any one organization. Empirical studies are needed to document the actual practices of synthetic biology researchers in disseminating data, materials, methods, and practices across institutional and international boundaries. Such studies could provide insight into how the infrastructure for sharing and accessing information and materials influences technology choices, and could clarify the role of open access and proprietary models in technology development. By informing the decisions of practitioners, funding agencies, investors, and policy-makers, social science research could help advance both innovation and social impact in the field of synthetic biology.
Pseudo almost periodic mild solutions to hyperbolic evolution equations in intermediate Banach spaces

This article deals with the existence and uniqueness of pseudo almost periodic (mild) solutions to the class of partial evolution equations where A is a sectorial operator on a Banach space , which is not necessarily densely defined and (hyperbolic), B is a linear operator on , and is pseudo almost periodic with being an abstract intermediate Banach space. Under some appropriate assumptions, we obtain the existence and uniqueness of such solutions in . An application to semilinear transport-like equations is given.
Effects of an aquatics exercise program on quality of life measures for individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis

ABSTRACTBackground and PurposeFor persons with Multiple Sclerosis (MS), aquatic exercise has been advocated to allow for aerobic, strength, balance, and flexibility exercises in a safe environment while avoiding potentially detrimental increases in body temperature. This pilot study describes the ef