cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Why an Indirect Measure of L2 Learner's Willingness to Communicate in L2 Writing Requires Cautious Inferencing.

In Exploring the dynamics of willingness to communicate (WTC) in written communication, Choe’s (this issue) preliminary case study explores an area of WTC that has not been fully addressed by WTC scholars: an analysis of WTC in written communication. When the concept of WTC was applied to the L2 context, a negative correlation between L1 WTC and L2 WTC revealed a different nature of L2 WTC. L2 WTC was found to be fluid and dynamic, open and interactive with L2 learning context and a host of other factors both learner internal and external that self-organizes to emerge a changing WTC orientation that is situation-specific. In light of this, according to the Complex Dynamic Systems Theory (CDST) approach to second language acquisition (SLA), L2 WTC features layers of potential factors that comprise situation-specific influences at a given moment-in-time as well as stable, enduring influences that are more resistant to change. In short, in CDST, L2 WTC is seen as an emergent property of both the stable, intrinsic nature of the learner and the dynamic nature of the learner’s external conditions.
A study of bidirectionally telepresent tele-action during robot-mediated handover

The addition of manipulation capabilities to telepresence robots holds the promise of enabling remote humans to perform tele-labor, hands-on training, and collaborative manipulation, but the use of a robot as a mediator to humanhuman physical interaction is not yet well understood. This paper studies the impact of telepresence modalities in the context of robot-mediated object handover. A teleoperation system was developed involving a bimanual mobile manipulator with telepresence head and sensing capabilities, and a user study was conducted with n=10 pairs of subjects under a variety of audio and visual telepresence conditions. Results show that telepresence does not significantly affect objective handover fluency, but both audio and video telepresence do significantly improve user experience on subjective measures including intimacy and perceived fluency.
Coupled Euler-Lagrange simulations of metal fragmentation in pipe bomb configurations

Abstract This paper details modeling of metal fragmentation of pipe-bomb configurations using the Euler-Lagrange code Zapotec. Zapotec couples the hydrocode CTH with the transient-dynamics finite element code Sierra/SM (also known as Presto) through a step-wise interchange of geometry, state data, and pressure. In this work, three experimental studies of pipe-bomb configurations were simulated using Zapotec, where the metal case was modeled using finite elements and the explosive was modeled with CTH. In the three examples, experimental and simulated debris distributions and early-time debris velocities generally showed excellent agreement. These studies both help build confidence in the use of Zapotec for simulating structural response under shock loadings.
Cognitive Bridging: Using Strategic Communication To Connect Abstract Goals With The Means To Achieve Them

Three studies test several mechanisms of cognitive bridging, or how a strategic communication message functions to connect the abstract goal of an individual with the specific means to achieve the ...
Differences in winter cold hardiness reflect the geographic range disjunction of Neophasia menapia and Neophasia terlooii (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

Abstract Predicting how rapid climate change will affect terrestrial biota depends on a thorough understanding of an organism’s biology and evolutionary history. Organisms at their range boundaries are particularly sensitive to climate change. As predominantly terrestrial poikilotherms, insects are often geographically limited by extremes in ambient temperatures. We compared the cold hardiness strategies of two geographically widespread butterflies, the pine white, Neophasia menapia, and the Mexican pine white, N. terlooii (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), at the near-contact zone of their range boundaries. Eggs are laid on pine needles and are exposed to harsh winter conditions. Eggs were collected from wild-caught butterflies, and we determined the supercooling point (SCP) and lower lethal temperature (LLT50) of overwintering eggs. The SCP of Neophasia menapia eggs (−29.0 ± 0.6 °C) was significantly lower than that of N. terlooii eggs (−21.8 ± 0.7 °C). Both species were freeze-intolerant and capable of surviving down to their respective SCPs (LLT50 of N. menapia between −30 and −31 °C, N. terlooii between −20 and −21 °C). Cold exposure time did not affect the survival of N. menapia, but N. terlooii experienced somewhat greater mortality at sub-freezing temperatures during longer exposures. Our results, coupled with an analysis of microclimate data, indicate that colder winters in northern Arizona may contribute to the northern range limit for N. terlooii. Furthermore, careful analysis of historical weather data indicates that mortality from freezing is unlikely in southern Arizona but possible in northern Arizona. Movements of Neophasia range boundaries could be monitored as potential biological responses to climate change.
Semigroups of Positive Definite Functions and Related Topics

Every locally compact group, G, has defined on it a semigroup of continuous, positive definite functions,P(G).This semigroup, additionally equipped with a normalized, partially ordered, convex structure is a complete invariant of the underlying group. This semigroup has an identity and we investigate what it means to differentiate in the classical calculus sense at this identity. This leads us to the concept of a semiderivation. We are also naturally led to consider the cohomology of continuous, unitary representations of G, as well as the “screw functions” of J. von Neumann and I. J. Schoenberg, a Levy-Khinchin formula, and a characterization of groups with property (T).
Chemical Ecology of Cottonwood Leaf Beetle Adult Feeding Preferences on Populus

The effect of select Populus clones on adult cottonwood leaf beetle feeding preferences was examined. Field-planted University of Washington poplar pedigree materials—parent clones ILL-129 (Populus delloides) and 93-968 (Populus trichocarpa), F1 clones 53-242 and 53-246, and 87 F2 selections—were used. Both field cage feeding tests with parent and F1 clones, and leaf disc feeding tests with all 91 clones were performed. Feeding stimulants on the leaf surface, long-chain fatty alcohols and α-tocopherylquinone (α-TQ), and phenolic glycosides, tremulacin and salicortin, were analyzed to correlate chemical abundance with cottonwood leaf beetle Chrysomela scripta adult feeding preference. The beetles showed varied feeding preferences among parent clones, F1 clones, and F2 clones. Contents of alcohols, tremulacin, and salicortin did not explain adult beetle feeding preference. Content of α-TQ on the leaf surface did explain the adult beetle feeding preference. The beetles preferred to feed on clones with α-TQ rather than clones without α-TQ. As the amount of α-TQ increased, the feeding preference increased, and then decreased as the amount of α-TQ increased further.
Physical Aging and its Long-Term Effect on the Durability and Reliability of Advanced Structural Epoxies and Epoxy-Based Graphite-Fiber Composites

Selected mechanical properties of (+45°)4S graphite/epoxy composites have been found to be affected by sub-Tg annealing. Postcured (±45°)4S specimens of Thornel 300 graphite/Narmco 5208 epoxy were sub-Tg annealed at 413K (140°C) for ca. 10, 102, 103 104, and 105 min., with a prior quenching from above Tg. The ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain-to-break (eB), and toughness of the composite materials were found to decrease as a function of sub-Tg annealing time. No weight loss were observed during the sub-Tg annealing. The time-dependent change in properties can be explained on the basis of physical aging which is related to free volume changes in the non-equilibrium glassy state of network epoxies. The results imply possible changes in composite properties with service time.
Nieuw onderzoek naar efficiënte verwijsstrategie voor rokers

Het ondersteunen van rokers die willen stoppen blijkt in de praktijk lastig en tijdrovend. Hoe kan de huisarts, met het oog op het Nationaal Preventieakkoord en de Rookvrije Generatie, toch bijdragen aan een drastische vermindering van het aantal rokers in 2040? Nieuw onderzoek moet hier antwoord op geven.
The placenta revealed.

While the emergence of the diagnostic biopsy in the 1940s has helped to elucidate the pathophysiology of most organs, our understanding of the placenta has, until recently, lagged behind. With little opportunity for serial biopsies, the placenta is most often examined only at the end of a gestation, hampering our understanding of the dynamic, progressive nature of diseases of pregnancy involving the placenta. Now, a more basic understanding of trophoblast biology and the application of molecular biological tools to this clinical material are beginning to advance the level of knowledge for placental pathologists. Where once we could only speculate about the pathological processes taking place during gestation, we are beginning to fit the pieces together into a more global understanding of the dynamic relationships between the mother and placenta during pregnancy. Three areas of research are converging on the placenta: basic trophoblast biology, the reproductive immunology of the uteroplacental unit, and infectious agent identification. As the tools in each of these areas have advanced, their application to problems in placental pathology has helped to sort out the causes and effects of a number of important diseases of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, intrauterine growth retardation, and infection.
Membrane receptor activation mechanisms and transmembrane peptide tools to elucidate them

Single-pass membrane receptors contain extracellular domains that respond to external stimuli and transmit information to intracellular domains through a single transmembrane (TM) α-helix. Because membrane receptors have various roles in homeostasis, signaling malfunctions of these receptors can cause disease. Despite their importance, there is still much to be understood mechanistically about how single-pass receptors are activated. In general, single-pass receptors respond to extracellular stimuli via alterations in their oligomeric state. The details of this process are still the focus of intense study, and several lines of evidence indicate that the TM domain (TMD) of the receptor plays a central role. We discuss three major mechanistic hypotheses for receptor activation: ligand-induced dimerization, ligand-induced rotation, and receptor clustering. Recent observations suggest that receptors can use a combination of these activation mechanisms and that technical limitations can bias interpretation. Short peptides derived from receptor TMDs, which can be identified by screening or rationally developed on the basis of the structure or sequence of their targets, have provided critical insights into receptor function. Here, we explore recent evidence that, depending on the target receptor, TMD peptides cannot only inhibit but also activate target receptors and can accommodate novel, bifunctional designs. Furthermore, we call for more sharing of negative results to inform the TMD peptide field, which is rapidly transforming into a suite of unique tools with the potential for future therapeutics.
Practice Patterns Surrounding Pregnancy After Heart Transplantation.

Background: Pregnancy after heart transplantation (HT) is a concern for many female recipients. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation has guidelines regarding reproductive he...
Visible Policing: Technology, Transparency, & Democratic Control

Law enforcement has an opacity problem. Police use sophisticated technologies to monitor individuals, surveil communities, and predict behaviors in increasingly intrusive ways. But legal institutions have struggled to understand—let alone set limits on—new investigative methods and techniques, for two major reasons. New technologies of surveillance, often procured from or otherwise reliant on the private sector, tend to operate in opaque and unaccountable ways, augmenting police power while remaining free of meaningful oversight. At the same time, shifts in Fourth Amendment doctrine have expanded law enforcement’s ability to engage in surveillance relatively free of scrutiny by courts or by the public. The result is that modern policing is not highly visible to oversight institutions or to the public, and is becoming even less so. In light of these informational dynamics, transparency litigation has become a core technique for rendering obscure investigative practices visible and holding police accountable. These new lawsuits form a criminal procedure “shadow docket”—they resolve important questions about democratic governance of policing without deciding on the constitutionality of searches and seizures. This Article builds on the government secrecy literature to explore the significance of this “shadow docket” and the relationship between transparency obligations and constitutional limits on police action. In the absence of meaningful Fourth Amendment safeguards, the Article shows, transparency makes policing practices increasingly visible to the public and to democratic institutions in areas in which constitutional criminal procedure today has minimal reach. These efforts to make policing visible bear important lessons for advocates and scholars of criminal procedure, criminal justice reform, and transparency itself.
From Berlin to London: HIV-1 Reservoir Reduction Following Stem Cell Transplantation

Few interventional strategies lead to significant reductions in HIV-1 reservoir size or prolonged antiretroviral (ART)-free remission. Allogeneic stem cell transplantations (SCT) with or without donor cells harboring genetic mutations preventing functional expression of CCR5, an HIV coreceptor, lead to dramatic reductions in residual HIV burden. However, the mechanisms by which SCT reduces viral reservoirs and leads to a potential functional HIV cure are not well understood. A growing number of studies involving allogeneic SCT in people with HIV are emerging, including those with and without transplants involving CCR5Δ32/Δ32 mutations. Donor cells resistant to HIV entry are likely required in order to achieve permanent ART-free viral remission. However, dramatic reductions in the HIV reservoir secondary to beneficial graft-versus-host effects may lead to loss of HIV detection in blood and various tissues and lead to prolonged time to HIV rebound in individuals with wild-type CCR5 donors. Studies of SCT recipients and those who started very early ART during hyperacute infection suggest that dramatic reductions in reservoir size or restriction of initial reservoir seeding may lead to 8–10 months of time prior to eventual, and rapid, HIV recrudescence. Studies of allogeneic SCT in people with HIV have provided important insights into the size and nature of the HIV reservoir, and have invigorated other gene therapies to achieve HIV cure.
Advances in the treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer.

Locally advanced rectal cancer requires multidisciplinary care. In the United States, most patients are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation delivered over 25-28 days, total mesorectal excision, and 4 months of adjuvant chemotherapy. While effective, this trimodal approach is arduous. Alternative approaches have emerged to streamline treatment without sacrificing oncologic outcomes. These approaches include preoperative chemotherapy with selective use of radiation, short-course radiotherapy delivered over 5 days, and total neoadjuvant therapy with attempted nonoperative organ-preserving management (watch and wait). Ongoing trials are assessing the efficacies of these approaches in combination with various risk stratification strategies.
Sample Complexity of Probabilistic Roadmaps via ε-nets

We study fundamental theoretical aspects of probabilistic roadmaps (PRM) in the finite time (non-asymptotic) regime. In particular, we investigate how completeness and optimality guarantees of the approach are influenced by the underlying deterministic sampling distribution $\mathcal{X}$ and connection radius r > 0. We develop the notion of (δ,)-completeness of the parameters $\mathcal{X}$,r, which indicates that for every motionplanning problem of clearance at least δ > 0, PRM using $\mathcal{X}$,r returns a solution no longer than 1+ϵ times the shortest δ-clear path. Leveraging the concept of ϵ -nets, we characterize in terms of lower and upper bounds the number of samples needed to guarantee (δ, ϵ)-completeness. This is in contrast with previous work which mostly considered the asymptotic regime in which the number of samples tends to infinity. In practice, we propose a sampling distribution inspired by -nets that achieves nearly the same coverage as grids while using fewer samples.
Daytime sleepiness predicts inflammation and ambulatory blood pressure in sleep apnoea.

Introduction Sleepiness in obstructive sleep apnoea is associated with cardiovascular risk; however, the biological mechanisms are not known. This study explored whether those with subjective sleepiness have increased plasma tumour necrosis factor-related protein 1 (C1qTNF1), a novel adipose-derived hormone (adipokine), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) compared to those without sleepiness in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive participants with obstructive sleep apnoea. Methods Overall, 94 participants were included in the analysis. Participants completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), 24-h ABP was monitored, and plasma C1qTNF1 was measured. Sleepy participants were defined as ESS≥10 and nonsleepy as ESS<10. Multiple linear regression was used to explore differences in C1qTNF1, and 24-h mean arterial pressure (MAP) between sleepy and nonsleepy participants, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, apnoea-hypopnoea index, and smoking status. Results C1qTNF1 was significantly higher in sleepy participants (n=57) compared to nonsleepy participants (n=37) (β=0.41 NPX, 95% CI 0.02, 0.80; p=0.04). The 24-h MAP was significantly higher in sleepy participants compared to nonsleepy participants (β=4.06 mmHg, 95% CI 0.36, 7.77; p=0.03). Conclusions Our findings show that sleepiness is associated with inflammation and higher 24-h MAP in sleep apnoea.
Raising the Bar: Increasing Protection for Athletes in the Olympic Movement from Sexual Harassment and Abuse

After the Larry Nassar and USA Gymnastics scandal surfaced in 2016, the United States enacted a federal act titled “Protecting Victims from Sexual Abuse and Safe Sport Authorization Act of 2017.” This Act requires immediate mandatory reporting to the U.S. Center for SafeSport for any alleged child abuse of an amateur athlete who is a minor. An increasing amount of legislation is being passed to address sexual harassment and abuse in sports in the United States; however, the International Olympic Committee (IOC), which governs the Olympic Movement, is lacking in its sexual harassment and abuse policies. This article will address how the IOC’s sexual harassment and abuse policies are not as robust as they should be. The amount of attention that the Olympics receives worldwide gives the IOC a global platform to be a leader in taking a stance on sexual harassment and abuse policies.
Length of Preprocedure Fasting Was Associated With Contrast Associated-Acute Kidney Injury in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography.

Hydration is recommended to prevent contrast associated-acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) but interactions between blood pressure, left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP) and hydration status on CA-AKI are incompletely understood. This analysis presents the results of a single-center prospective study of patients undergoing coronary angiography with a predicted risk of CA-AKI >14%. 146 patients were enrolled with a mean (±SD) age of 71 ± 11 years; 94 (64.4%) were men, 142 (97.3%) had hypertension, 96 (65.8%) had diabetes mellitus and the mean (SD) serum creatinine was 1.21 ± 0.36 mg/dl. CA-AKI occurred in 31 (21%) patients. There were no significant differences in demographics, comorbidities, renal function, LVEDP, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure or pulse pressure in patients who developed versus those who did not develop CA-AKI. There was no association between the amount of peri-procedure intravenous fluids and change in creatinine postprocedure. In multivariate analysis, hemoglobin, the time that the patient was fasting from solids (NPO time), and contrast volume were associated with the development of CA-AKI. There was a highly significant interaction (p = 0.0028) between the amount of intravenous fluids, NPO time and contrast volume and changes in postprocedure creatinine. In summary, hemoglobin, NPO time and contrast volume, but not hemodynamic variables, correlated with worsening renal function following coronary angiography in this population of high-risk patients. Results suggested that intravenous hydration is important in subgroups of patients depending on NPO time and contrast volume.
The Isolation and Primary Structure of a Peptide Containing the Oxidation-Reduction Active Cystine of Escherichia coli Lipoamide Dehydrogenase

An 11-residue peptic peptide from the catalytic center of Escherichia coli lipoamide dehydrogenase has been isolated and sequenced. This peptide contains the oxidation-reduction active disulfide of the enzyme which functions in concert with the flavin during catalysis. The peptide was isolated from a digest of a derivative in which the free sulfhydryls of the enzyme were substituted with the colored maleimide N-(4-dimethylamino-3,5-dinitrophenyl)maleimide. The sequence of the peptide was determined by a subtractive Edman degradation to be: [see PDF for sequence] This work suggests that the oxidation-reduction active disulfide of E. coli lipoamide dehydrogenase is contained in a hydrophobic pocket at the catalytic center of the enzyme, consistent with the binding of the nonpolar substrate dihydrolipoamide. Evidence is also presented that the two subunits of the enzyme are identical.
Current Issues in Keyword Auctions (Book Chapter)

Keyword auctions are another multi-billion dollar application of auctions after the celebrated eBay-like business-to-consumer auctions in electronic commerce. Inevitably, keyword auctions have recently gained attention among researchers. Questions regarding what (is keyword auction), why (we should use keyword auctions), and how (to design keyword auctions), have been raised. While some of these issues has become clearer over time, many are still open. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the current efforts to address these questions, focusing mainly on the third, that is, how to design effective keyword auctions. We also point out several issues for future research.
Collaboration in the large: Using video conferencing to facilitate large group interaction

This chapter discusses the social, organizational and technical challenges and solutions that emerged when facilitating collaboration through videoconferencing for a large, geographically dispersed research and development (RD the adaptation of visual aids; and new participant etiquette practices. New technical infrastructure included: upgrades to video conference equipment; the use of separate networks for broadcasting camera views, presentation slides and audio; and implementation of new technical operations practices to support dynamic interaction among participants at each location. Lessons learned from this case study may help others plan and implement videoconferencing to support interaction and collaboration among large groups.
4‐Methyl‐6‐Hydroxypyrimidine

4-Methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine intermediate: 2-thio-6-methyluracil product: 4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[6]; cyclization, miscellaneous; desulfurization; reduction, miscellaneous; catalysts, metal, Raney nickel W-6; Raney nickel catalyst
Assessing FOXO1A as a potential susceptibility locus for type 2 diabetes and obesity in American Indians.

Objective A prior genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Pima Indians identified variation within FOXO1A that modestly associated with early-onset (onset age<25years) type 2 diabetes (T2D). FOXO1A encodes the forkhead transcription factor involved in pancreatic β-cell growth and hypothalamic energy balance; therefore, FOXO1A was analyzed as a candidate gene for T2D and obesity in a population-based sample of 7710 American Indians.
Les bibliothèques universitaires aux États-Unis

En 2007, l’auteur a etudie un certain nombre de bibliotheques universitaires existant aux Etats-Unis, afin de mettre en evidence les bonnes pratiques suivies dans le domaine de la conception et du fonctionnement des centres de ressources documentaires et pedagogiques, ainsi que des services qu’ils offrent. L’un des premiers objectifs de cette etude etait de determiner la facon de creer, dans l’enseignement superieur, un cadre qui favorise l’enrichissement des connaissances, encourage la collaboration et permette aux etudiants d’acquerir une autonomie dans la construction de leur savoir. Cet article explique les modalites de conception d’un centre de ressources documentaires et pedagogiques moderne, dont il decrit les differentes caracteristiques.
Cerebrovascular permeability and cognition in the aging rat.

Abstract Regional cerebrovascular permeability-capillary surface area products (rPS) and brain vascular space (BVS) were measured in aging, conscious, unrestrained Sprague-Dawley rats. Three groups of animals were examined: young-mature (6 months), middle-aged (12–14 months), and old (24–26 months) rats. Complex maze learning had been previously characterized in these same animals. Maze learning declined with age. Brain vascular space did not differ significantly with age in any brain region. However, small, but significant age-dependent decreases in rPS (25–33%) were observed. These decreases occurred mainly in the old animals in the basal ganglia and parietal cortex, and in the middle-aged and old rats in the olfactory bulbs. Significant and unexpected positive average correlations between brain permeability-capillary surface area products (PS) and learning errors occurred primarily in young rats and were attributable mainly to changes in 5 of 14 brain regions; hypothalamus, hippocampus, parietal cortex, septal area and superior colliculus. The higher correlations between maze learning errors and PS in young animals may indicate dynamic regulation of this cerebrovascular parameter which is lessened with aging. Average correlations between PS and cerebral blood flow also were determined and found to be generally small and not significant for most brain regions and age groups.
Genetically engineering cyanobacteria to convert CO2, water, and light into the long-chain hydrocarbon farnesene

Genetically engineered cyanobacteria offer a shortcut to convert CO2 and H2O directly into biofuels and high value chemicals for societal benefits. Farnesene, a long-chained hydrocarbon (C15H24), has many applications in lubricants, cosmetics, fragrances, and biofuels. However, a method for the sustainable, photosynthetic production of farnesene has been lacking. Here, we report the photosynthetic production of farnesene by the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena sp. PCC 7120 using only CO2, mineralized water, and light. A codon-optimized farnesene synthase gene was chemically synthesized and then expressed in the cyanobacterium, enabling it to synthesize farnesene through its endogenous non-mevalonate (MEP) pathway. Farnesene excreted from the engineered cyanobacterium volatilized into the flask head space and was recovered by adsorption in a resin column. The maximum photosynthetic productivity of farnesene was 69.1 ± 1.8 μg·L−1·O.D.−1·d−1. Compared to the wild type, the farnesene-producing cyanobacterium also exhibited a 60 % higher PSII activity under high light, suggesting increased farnesene productivity in such conditions. We envision genetically engineered cyanobacteria as a bio-solar factory for photosynthetic production of a wide range of biofuels and commodity chemicals.
Modeling of endovascular patch welding using the computer program LATIS

A new computer program, LATIS, being developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is used to study the effect of pulsed laser irradiation on endovascular patch welding. Various physical and biophysical effects are included in these simulations: laser light scattering and absorption, tissue heating and heat conduction, vascular cooling, and tissue thermal damage. The geometry of a patch being held against the inner vessel wall (500 micrometers inner diameter) by a balloon is considered. The system is exposed to light pulsed from an optical fiber inside the balloon. A minimum in the depth of damage into the vessel wall is found. The minimum damage zone is about the thickness of the patch material that is heated by the laser. The more ordered the tissue the thinner the minimum zone of damage. The pulse length which minimizes the zone of damage is found to be the time for energy to diffuse across the layer. The delay time between the pulses is determined by the time for the heated layer to cool down. An optimal pulse length exists which minimizes the total time needed to weld the patch to the wall while keeping the thickness of the damaged tissue to less than 100 micrometers . For the case that is considered, a patch dyed with light absorbing ICG on the side next to the vessel (thickness of the dyed layer is 60 micrometers ), the best protocol is found to be 65-200 ms pulses applied over 2 min.
A two-color optical method for determining layer thickness in two interacting buoyant plumes

We describe a technique for measuring the layer thickness of two interacting buoyant rotating gravity currents. The technique can be used generally to differentiate between water masses in experiments with multiple sources and is used here to simulate the dynamics of two adjacent coastal river plumes. The plumes are generated using two identical fresh water inlets, with blue and red dye indicating upstream and downstream river flows, respectively. Two parameters, normalized intensity and color ratio, are measured with a 3-CCD color video camera and used to develop a two-dimensional (intensity–color ratio) calibration map for layer thickness. The calibration is used successfully to determine the depth field for the combined two-plume system and to differentiate between the two plumes. This technique is applied to compute the volumetric growth of a large eddy near the freshwater source and the transport rate of buoyant fluid away from the source in the coastal current. The validation tests show good agreement between the calculated plume volume and the input fresh water volume.
Possible existence of bound state Frenkel vacancies in solid 3He

Abstract The effects on the low temperature (T ≲ 15 mK) magnetic and thermal properties of solid 3He due to the presence of bound state Frenkel vacancies (BFV) are analyzed. The coupling of a 3He to a BFV contributes to the zero point motion of the 3He. Assuming that the BFV are strongly interacting and propagate coherently through the crystal, we find good qualitative agreement with both the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility data.
HPLC Determination of Riboflavin in Eggs and Dairy Products

An isocratic HPLC method has been developed to determine riboflavin in eggs, whole milk, 2% fat milk, skim milk, dry milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, and cheddar cheese. The developed method involves acidification, centrifugation, and quantification of riboflavin in the supernatant with HPLC. The HPLC system consisted of a μ Bondapak C18 column, a solvent system of water-methanol-acetic acid (68:32:0.1 v/v), a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, and a UV detector. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific for riboflavin. Recoveries of more than 90% were obtained in all samples analyzed.
Marital intimacy, psychosomatic symptoms, and cognitive therapy

Abstract The marriages of patients with psychosomatic illness involving chronic physical symptoms of obscure etiology–are often superficially adjusted, but have a significant lack of interpersonal intimacy. Furthermore, the physical symptoms of one partner may be used as an indirect attempt to overcome a frustrating lack of communication. The author describes an approach to family therapy that enables the spouses in such marriages to open up to each other, increasing intimacy in their marriages and im proving chronic psychosomatic symptoms that have been perpetuated by marital maladjustment.
Ethnicity and infant mortality in Texas Counties

Abstract An ecological analysis of infant mortality rates is conducted using data on Texas counties for the years 1968–72. It is found that when counties along the Texas‐Mexico border (which have unreasonably low infant death rates and which are economically less advantaged than the remainder of the counties) are excluded from the analysis, the associations between socioeconomic status variables and infant mortality rates improve considerably. A significant negative correlation between neonatal mortality and per cent Spanish surname is retained and does not disappear when the effects of other relevant variables (per cent Negro, per cent urban, and per cent below poverty) are controlled using partial correlation and regression analysis. Possible explanations for this unexpected finding are suggested, and implications for further research are discussed.
Diversity of carotenoid synthesis gene clusters from environmental Enterobacteriaceae strains

Eight Enterobacteriaceae strains that produce zeaxanthin and derivatives of this compound were isolated from a variety of environmental samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains grouped with different clusters of Erwinia type strains. Four strains representing the phylogenetic diversity were chosen for further characterization, which revealed their genetic diversity as well as their biochemical diversity. The carotenoid synthesis gene clusters cloned from the four strains had three different gene organizations. Two of the gene clusters, those from strains DC416 and DC260, had the classical organization crtEXYIBZ; the gene cluster from DC413 had the rare organization crtE-idi-XYIBZ; and the gene cluster from DC404 had the unique organization crtE-idi-YIBZ. Besides the diversity in genetic organization, these genes also exhibited considerable sequence diversity. On average, they exhibited 60 to 70% identity with each other, as well as with the corresponding genes of the Pantoea type strains. The four different clusters were individually expressed in Escherichia coli, and the two idi-containing clusters gave more than fivefold-higher carotenoid titers than the two clusters lacking idi. Expression of the crtEYIB genes with and without idi confirmed the effect of increasing carotenoid titer by the type II idi gene linked with the carotenoid synthesis gene clusters.
Variability within the Theological Concept of Behavior of the Beliefs-About-Behavior Inventory:

The Beliefs-About-Behavior Inventory, designed to identify 3 concepts about behavior as theological, illness, psychological, was administered to 116 religious professionals, including Protestant seminarians, Roman Catholic priests and nuns, and pastoral counselors. Wide variability was discovered within these theological groups and between these groups and the original criterion groups. When groups were combined and then divided in terms of liberal-conservative categories, the theological scale differentiated better, suggesting that the theological scale may be biased toward a particular type of theological way of thinking (conservative) rather than a general theological cognitive style per se. Several possible explanations for the variability are suggested.
Pneumothorax in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Detection, and Treatment

Pneumothorax is a frequent and potentially fatal complication of mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Prompt recognition and treatment of pneumothoraces is necessary to minimize morbidity and mortality. The radiologic and clinical signs of pneumothoraces in ARDS patients may have unusual and subtle features. Furthermore, small pneumothoraces in these patients can cause severe hemodynamic or pulmonary compromise. Sparse clinical literature exists on when or how to treat pneumothoraces once they develop in patients with ARDS. In this article, the authors review the pathogenesis, radiologic signs, clinical significance, and treatment of pneumothoraces in ARDS patients. Treatment options include traditional tube thoracostomy, open thoracotomy, and image-guided percutaneous catheters.
The Variegated Shoots: Hazel MacKaye and the Advent of Pedagogical Drama at Brookwood Labor College, 1925–1926

In this essay, I present a case study of drama as pedagogy via the work of labor drama instructor Hazel MacKaye, a former radical suffragist who pioneered activist pageantry, at Brookwood Labor College from 1925 to 1926. My analysis of archival documents associated with MacKaye’s dramatics program at Brookwood both highlights relationships between U.S.-based educational drama and left-leaning theatre practices before the New Deal and complements extant historical investigations of U.S. theatre for youth in the early twentieth century. This article is a selection from a project that received the 2014 Distinguished Dissertation Award from the American Alliance for Theatre and Education.
Joint determination of optimal inventory and quality control policy

Typically the operating policy for the inventory control system for a commodity is developed independent of the operating policy for the quality control system for that commodity and vice versa. In many circumstances, these systems are dependent on one another. A cost model that combines a fixed order quantity inventory control system with a Bayesian quality control system for a lot-by-lot attribute acceptance sampling plan is presented along with an algorithm to obtain the operating parameters for the combined systems. Behavior of the combined systems is investigated, and the costs and operating policy determined using this model are compared with the costs and operating policy determined when there is no integration of the two systems and when there is partial integration of the two systems. There are significant cost savings obtained by using the operating policy developed under the combined systems over the operating policy derived from the separate systems.
Theoretical terms without analytic truths

When new theoretical terms are introduced into scientific discourse, prevailing accounts imply, analytic or semantic truths come along with them, by way of either definitions or reference-fixing descriptions. But there appear to be few or no analytic truths in scientific theory, which suggests that the prevailing accounts are mistaken. This paper looks to research on the psychology of natural kind concepts to suggest a new account of the introduction of theoretical terms that avoids both definition and reference-fixing description. At the core of the account is a novel psychological process that I call introjection.
Marketing Career Speed Networking: A Classroom Event to Foster Career Awareness.

This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of a marketing career speed networking event held during class time in two sections of the consumer behavior class. The event was coordinated through a partnering effort with marketing faculty and the college's Career Center. A total of 57 students participated in the event, providing feedback as to its relevance, effectiveness, and impact. Results suggest that students found this to be an engaging and enjoyable way to receive career-related information. Further more, students indicated that the identified learning outcomes had been achieved. Feedback from students and presenters is provided as are suggestions for implementing future speed networking events.
Transcriptome analyses of early cucumber fruit growth identifies distinct gene modules associated with phases of development.

Early stages of fruit development from initial set through exponential growth are critical determinants of size and yield, however, there has been little detailed analysis of this phase of development. In this study we combined morphological analysis with 454 pyrosequencing to study transcript level changes occurring in young cucumber fruit at five ages from anthesis through the end of exponential growth. The fruit samples produced 1.13 million ESTs which were assembled into 27,859 contigs with a mean length of 834 base pairs and a mean of 67 reads per contig. All contigs were mapped to the cucumber genome. Principal component analysis separated the fruit ages into three groups corresponding with cell division/pre-exponential growth (0 and 4 days post pollination (dpp)), peak exponential expansion (8dpp), and late/post-exponential expansion stages of growth (12 and 16 dpp). Transcripts predominantly expressed at 0 and 4 dpp included homologs of histones, cyclins, and plastid and photosynthesis related genes. The group of genes with peak transcript levels at 8dpp included cytoskeleton, cell wall, lipid metabolism and phloem related proteins. This group was also dominated by genes with unknown function or without known homologs outside of cucurbits. A second shift in transcript profile was observed at 12-16dpp, which was characterized by abiotic and biotic stress related genes and significant enrichment for transcription factor gene homologs, including many associated with stress response and development. The transcriptome data coupled with morphological analyses provide an informative picture of early fruit development. Progressive waves of transcript abundance were associated with cell division, development of photosynthetic capacity, cell expansion and fruit growth, phloem activity, protection of the fruit surface, and finally transition away from fruit growth toward a stage of enhanced stress responses. These results suggest that the interval between expansive growth and ripening includes further developmental differentiation with an emphasis on defense. The increased transcript levels of cucurbit-specific genes during the exponential growth stage may indicate unique factors contributing to rapid growth in cucurbits.
Maternal Vasoactive Exposures, Amniotic Bands, and Terminal Transverse Limb Defects

BACKGROUND Limb reduction deficiencies that are accompanied by amniotic bands (AB-L) and terminal transverse limb deficiencies (TLD) have each been attributed to vascular disruption; for the former, however, it is not clear if amniotic bands are the primary cause of or are secondary to vascular disruption. If amniotic bands are secondary to vascular disruption, then a shared pathogenesis for each case group might be exhibited by similar risk factors.
Rabbit fibroma virus plaque assay and in vitro studies.

Abstract Rabbit fibroma virus was shown to cause consistent destruction in primary and established rabbit cell cultures under our experimental conditions. Virus adsorption and multiplication in cell monolayers resulted in formation of plaques 1–2 mm in diameter on the 4th–5th day, under an overlay consisting of liquid growth medium. There was a linear relation between relative virus concentration and average plaque counts. Approximately 90% of the virus was adsorbed in 2 1 2 –3 hours at 37°. Virus titers determined by in vitro assay were comparable with titers obtained by rabbit inoculation. Preliminary investigations showed that although sera from some rabbits and from other animal species contained a virus-neutralizing factor, this factor did not inhibit plaque formation. The composition of the nutritional medium used for growth and maintenance of cells and for the overlay medium for plaque measurement influenced the number of plaques obtained.
Polarization Switching DC-to-DC Converters

Abstract – On-chip DC-to-DC converters are critical to ensure regulated voltage for a variety of DC applications, including automotive and personal computer products. The converters have historically been limited to low power applications due to the size and cost constraints involved with the desire to have the converters integrated with the application circuit. The latest technology involves using switched-capacitors to allow for lower cost and monolithic integration. A new DC-to-DC converter design, utilizing a ferroelectric (FE) capacitor is researched, fabricated and tested. The inclusion of a FE, switched-capacitor results in an increase in the converter's output voltage due to the high dielectric constant (high-k) of the capacitor in conjunction with the resulting switching current as the polarization of the capacitor is reversed. In fact, the FE capacitor's effective capacitance resulting from the polarization switching provides the same behavior as a linear capacitor that is approximately 10 times...
Laboratory Determination of Molybdenum Accumulation Rates as a Measure of Hypoxic Conditions

Enrichment of molybdenum (Mo) in reducing sediments due to authigenic fixation in anoxic interstitial waters could provide an indicator of hypoxic conditions that integrates over substantial temporal extents. Sediments maintained under controlled dissolved oxygen (DO) conditions showed elevated concentrations of Mo when exposed to low DO concentrations. Mo accumulation was linearly related to time of exposure in treatments below 2.8 mg O2/L, with less or no accumulation at higher concentrations. Rates of accumulation were independent of DO concentration below 2.8 mg/L. Accumulation occurred at DO concentrations higher than those limiting accumulation in field settings, with rates in the lowest treatments similar to those in sediments of deep basins with restricted circulation and low DO concentrations.
Variations in timing and leakage power of 45nm library cells due to lithography and stress effects

We have conducted a study of context-dependent variability for cells in a 45nm library, including both lithography and stress effects, using the Cadence Litho Electrical Analyzer (LEA) software. Here, we present sample data and address a number of questions that arise in such simulations. These questions include identification of stress effects causing context dependence, impact of the number of contexts on the results, and combining lithography-induced variations due to overlay error with context-dependent variations. Results of such simulations can be used to drive a number of corrective and adaptive actions, among them layout modification, cell placement restrictions, or optimal design margin determination.