cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crustal structure along the strike of the offshore Santa Maria basin, California

Abstract The geology of the central California offshore region contains the record of the Early Miocene transition of the western North American continental margin from a site of subduction to one of transform motion. The fundamental elements of crustal structure and composition within the margin are defined by the seismic reflection image on the marine profile, PGE (b) 10–12 km of Franciscan basement rocks; (c) a 7–10-km thickness of oceanic crust. Seismic sequence analysis provides a foundation for interpreting the evolution of the offshore Santa Maria basin. Results indicate that the basin fill is predominantly Miocene to Pliocene in age and that subsidence began in Early Miocene times. A Late Miocene to Early Pliocene shortening event led to faulting and folding of basin strata and to uplift of basement blocks. The Franciscan Complex, an accretionary wedge assemblage which floors the basin, reveals little internal seismic structure. However, reflections from the Franciscan-oceanic crust boundary at 12–15 km depth supply evidence for the existence of an antiform with 2–3 km relief within the oceanic crustal layer. This antiform probably formed during Early Miocene shortening of the oceanic crust. Alternatively, the antiform could represent primary oceanic-crustal topography such as seamounts or a fracture zone.
MIMO-UWB propagation channels

The use of ultra-wide bandwidth, while keeping a low power spectral density, is a promising approach for high-data rate communications as well as low-power communications and geolocation. The use of multiple antenna elements at transmitter and receiver (MIMO) can further increase data rate, system robustness, and precision of localization. The ultimate performance of MIMO-UWB systems is determined by the propagation channels they operate in. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in UWB-MIMO channel measurement and modeling. The most popular technique for measuring UWB-MIMO channels is based on vector network analyzer sounding of the channel, together with the use of virtual arrays. Data are frequently evaluated by application of high-resolution parameter estimation methods in (relatively narrowband) subbands of the considered bandwidth; though interference-cancellation based techniques in the delay domain are popular as well. The most frequently used channel models are either generalized Saleh-Valenzuela models (where directional information has been added), or geometry-based stochastic channel models. We find that in general, the angular power distribution can depend on the considered frequency range of the UWB signal. This, together with the frequency dependence of antenna elements and array patterns, leads to frequency-varying correlation and capacity of UWB-MIMO propagation channels.
Acousto-optic cyclostationary signal processing

Cyclostationary signal-processing techniques implemented by means of acousto-optics are considered. Cyclic-processing methods are reviewed and motivated, such as the cyclic correlation and the cyclic spectrum. It is shown that the cyclic correlation can be computed at cycle frequencies of interest by use of one-dimensional time-integrating correlators in additive or multiplicative configurations. Detection of cycle frequencies is briefly considered, and a one-dimensional acousto-optic spectrum-analysis approach is described that is effective for amplitude-modulated signals. The problem of computing the two-dimensional cyclic correlation for all cycle frequencies and lags is then considered. This is accomplished by means of an acousto-optic triple-product processor configured in a manner similar to that used for ambiguity-function generation. The cyclic spectrum can be obtained in a postprocessing step by Fourier transformation of the cyclic correlation in one dimension. Higher-order extensions of the cyclic correlation are also discussed, and it is shown how a two-dimensional slice of the three-dimensional cyclic triple correlation can be computed by use of an acousto-optic four-product processor.
Spontaneous internal desynchronization of circadian rhythms in the squirrel monkey

Abstract 1. 1. The circadian rhythms of feeding, colonic temperature, and urinary potassium and water excretion persisted with free-running periods in chair-acclimatized squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) maintained in isolation in constant bright light. 2. 2. Spontaneous internal desynchronization, i.e. separate rhythmic variables oscillating with different periods, was shown to occur between the rhythms of feeding and colonie temperature (τ ⋍ 25 hr) and the urinary rhythms (τ ⋍ 21 hr). 3. 3. This evidence indicates that the circadian timing system in squirrel monkeys is composed of multiple potentially-independent oscillators.
Delamination and Buckling in 3D Composites

Elementary results are applied to the buckling of stitched laminates and woven composites with three-dimensional (3D) reinforcement that contain delamination cracks. The through-thickness fibers are assumed to provide continuous, linear restoring tractions opposing the deflection of the delaminated layer adjacent to the crack. With the boundary condition that the ends of the delaminated layer are clamped and with deflections permitted in one direction only, there exists a characteristic length a0 for buckling: if the length, 2a, of the delamination crack exceeds 2a0, then, when buckling occurs, it will consist of waves of period 2a, and will usually not span the whole delamination. A simple expression is derived for the minimum density of through thickness reinforcement required to suppress buckling of the delamination layer prior to failure by other mechanisms. It is shown that for typical densities of through-thickness reinforcement in current stitched laminates and 3D woven composites, the length 2a0 w...
Organizational implications of systems thinking: Multidimensional modular design

Abstract Despite a well recognized systemic principle that parts of an organization are interdependent and the nature of their interaction defines the behavior of the whole, we have stubbornly held to the illusion that each function is more or less self-contained and can be treated independently. For a majority of managers the unidimensional mode of organization based on structurally defined tasks, segmentation and hierarchical coordination of functions seems to be the only acceptable way of organizing the work. A predominant management culture continues to value narrow specialization very dearly and considers any forms of redundancy in the organizational structure as wasteful and inefficient. However, the ability to adapt requires some forms of flexibility and responsiveness, which in turn demands that some degree of redundancy be built into the system. The required level of interaction and flexibility in an organization can be achieved by creating a modular structure embedded in a multidimensional scheme. The resulting mode of organization is capable of redesigning its structure and redefining its functions, so that it can exhibit different behaviors and produce different outcomes in the same or different environments.
A constructive game semantics for the language of linear logic

Abstract I present a semantics for the language of first-order additive-multiplicative linear logic, i.e. the language of classical first-order logic with two sorts of disjunction and conjunction. The semantics allows us to capture intuitions often associated with linear logic or constructivism such as sentences = games, sentences = resources or sentences = problems , where “truth” means existence of an effective winning (resource-using, problem-solving) strategy. The paper introduces a decidable first-order logic ET in the above language and gives a proof of its soundness and completeness (in the full language) with respect to this semantics. Allowing noneffective strategies in the latter is shown to lead to classical logic. The semantics presented here is very similar to Blass's game semantics (A. Blass, “A game semantics for linear logic”, Ann. Pure Appl. Logic 56). Although there is no straightforward reduction between the two corresponding notions of validity, my completeness proof can likely be adapted to the logic induced by Blass's semantics to show its decidability (via equality to ET ), which was the main problem left open in Blass's paper. The reader needs to be familiar with classical (but not necessarily linear) logic and arithmetic.
Non-healing Skin Ulcers Secondary to Calciphylaxis with Candida tropicalis Fungemia in an End-stage Renal Disease Patient

Calciphylaxis is an uncommon necrotizing skin condition characterized by excessive calcification of soft tissue and small arteries, leading to ischemic ulceration of the skin. It mainly affects patients with chronic renal failure and often leads to fatal consequences. Chronic renal failure, hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, and hyper-phosphatemia often trigger the precipitation of calcium-phosphate crystals in the arterioles of the dermis and soft tissues, leading to ischemia and skin ulcerations. The diagnosis of calciphylaxis is mainly clinical and skin biopsy is infrequently done because of the risk of poor healing and secondary infections. Despite aggressive treatment regimens, mortality is high. Here, we report the case of a 44-year-old female end-stage renal disease patient with multiple non-healing skin ulcers secondary to calciphylaxis complicated with refractory infections including Candida tropicalis fungemia, vancomycin-resistant enterococcus and Acinetobacter baumannii wound infections.
The Mass Media as Sentinel: Why Bad News About Issues is Good News for Participation

This article argues that negative news coverage of politically relevant social issues stimulates political participation by shaping citizen awareness of collective problems and interest in politics. By drawing citizen attention to social problems that government may attend to, the press acts as a sentinel for the mass public, cuing them to periods when participation is more important. Drawing on an analysis of the 1974 National Election Study in combination with the Center for Political Studies' content analysis of newspapers, I find evidence that bad news about issues is good news for participation.
Facile one-pot access to a chiral at metal ruthenium pyrrolyl phosphine phosphoramidite complex

Abstract A facile one-step access to a chiral at metal ruthenium phosphoramidite tri(N-pyrrolyl)phosphine (PPyrl3) complex is reported. In a one-pot reaction with PPyrl3 and a chiral phosphoramidite ligand (L), the known ruthenium indenyl complex [RuCl(Ind)(PPh3)2] (Ind = indenyl) was converted to the chiral at metal complex [RuCl(Ind)PPyrl3(L)] as an optically pure single diastereomer in 59% isolated yield. The new complex was characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography, revealing a profound impact of the PPyrl3 ligand on the geometry of the novel ruthenium complex.
FMR1 Linked haplotype analysis in a mentally retarded male population

Fragile X syndrome is caused by dynamic mutation of FMR1 gene CpG island CGG repeats. The underlying mutational mechanism is not fully understood. Different microsatellite markers and SNP have previously been reported as markers associated with FMR1 CGG repeat instability. The aim of the present study was to identify specific haplotypes among Latvian FXS patients and the control group with respect to allelic stability. Eleven male FXS patients and 122 control male patients participated in the study. In total, 27 different DXS548-FRAXAC1-ATL1-FRAXAC2 haplotypes were found. The prevalent haplotype in the control group was 7-4-A-5+ (rel. frequency 0.327). The prevalent haplotype associated with the FXS group was 2-2-G-4 (rel. frequency 0.818; p < 0.0001). Grey zone alleles with a long uninterrupted CGG tract at the 3’ end were significantly associated with the 2-2-G-4 haplotype (p = 0.0022). Our findings suggest that, for the Latvian population, the haplotype 2-2-G-4 is a marker of CGG tract instability. We conclude that a founder effect could not be an explanation for our findings on the basis of heterogeneity exhibited by the Latvian population and lack of studies throughout this geographical region. This data may provide evidence of different mutational pathways of expansion in the Baltic States region.
A cobalt 58 ‘slow positron generator’

Abstract A 58 Co source is combined with a tungsten (110) moderator in reflection geometry, in a 12.7 mm diameter × 12.7 mm long capsule. We refer to this device as a slow positron generator or SPG. Rates of ∼5 × 10 6 slow e + /s are expected from 1 Ci sources. The capsules can be reused, and are sent back to the point of manufacture for refurbishing, and replacement of the cobalt source. A comparison is made between 58 Co and 22 Na. To facilitate a number of positron researchers at various institutions, positron resources incorporated was formed. Recent work on these sources has been done under a CRADA between positron resources, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory and the DOE.
Complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of totarol and its derivatives

Abstract The complete 1 H and 13 C NMR assignments of totarol, 19-hydroxytotarol, totaradiol, totaral, 4β- carboxy-19- nor -totarol, and sugiol, based on 2D NMR studies is given.
The Environmental Component: Changing School Food Service to Promote Cardiovascular Health

An environmental program directed at the food service departments of two boarding high schools has been tested in a concurrently controlled longitudinal investigation in which the intervention was applied to each school in alternate years. It has been demonstrated that changes in food purchasing and preparation practices can markedly decrease sodium and modify the fat composition of foods, and that such practices result in significant changes in the nutrient intake of students. Even without an educational component for students, who maintained their usual dietary practices, the changes by food service workers led to 15-20% less sodium intake, 20% less saturated fat intake, and an increase in the P/S ratio from 0.46 to 0.84 among students. The change in sodium intake over a school year resulted in lower blood pressure among students receiving the intervention. Adjusting for sex and baseline blood pressure, the estimated effect of the intervention on systolic pressure was -1.7 mmHg (95% C.I. -0.6, -2.9; p = 0.003); for diastolic pressure, it was -1.5 mmHg (95% C.I. -0.6, -2.5; p = 0.002). Such modifications by school food service workers are well accepted and produce very palatable foods. The widespread dissemination of such practices could favorably affect cardiovascular risk factors of students everywhere.
Characterization of Low Stress, Undoped LPCVD Polycrystalline SiC Films for MEMS Applications

This paper details the characterization of polycrystalline SiC (poly-SiC) thin films deposited by low pressure chemical vapor deposition. Films were deposited on both Si and SiO2- coated Si substrates using dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2) and acetylene (C2H2) as precursor gases. Low residual tensile stress films were deposited at 900°C at a pressure of 2 Torr using SiH2Cl2 and C2H2 (5% in H2) flow rates of 35 sccm and 180 sccm, respectively. XRD analysis of these films indicated a (111) 3C-SiC orientation regardless of substrate material. Both resistivity (1.3 -cm) and residual stress gradient (17 MPa/μm) were found to be relatively low and decreased as the film thickness increased. Unintentional nitrogen doping is responsible for the low resistivity measurements and its concentration in the films was about 1.86 x 1016 cm-3. Poly-SiC films exhibiting near-zero residual tensile stress, low stress gradient and relatively low resistivity have favorable properties for design and fabrication of MEMS devices.
Pure-tone overstimulation protects surviving avian hair cells from acoustic trauma

Abstract It was found that intense pure-tones which damage hair cells in chicks, also result in damage to the tectorial membrane (™). This study was designed to elucidate the effects of a second pure-tone insult on hair cells which survived a priming pure-tone exposure. Chicks were exposed to a pure-tone of 1.5 kHz at 124 dB SPL. Lesion was found in both ™ and hair cells, but the area of damage to the ™ was much larger than that to the hair cells. Following this exposure, chicks were exposed to a second intense pure-tone at 2.2 kHz 124 dB SPL. The frequency of the second exposure corresponded to a region where the ™ did, but hair cells did not appear to be injured by the first exposure. The second exposure caused significantly less hair cell damage in chicks already exposed to the 1.5 kHz pure-tone than in controls which were not primed with the first exposure. This finding suggests that the first exposure provides a degree of protection for the surviving hair cells, perhaps by uncoupling them from the ™.
Understanding the Evolution of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Staphylococcus aureus is a gram-positive coccus that is among the most adaptable of pathogenic bacteria, particularly in developing resistance to antibiotics. The emergence of strains resistant to all current antibiotics is a real and growing concern. Understanding how S. aureus acquires drug resistance and spreads within health care institutions and communities is critical in developing containment strategies. Molecular typing strategies have become powerful tools in this regard, providing key insights regarding the evolution of S. aureus . This article reviews the current knowledge on the origins of methicillin resistance, the background of early resistant strains, and the changing landscape of drug-resistant S. aureus , particularly in the community setting.
Use of thorium in Boiling Water Reactors

Abstract The potential for use of 232 Th as a fertile material in Boiling Water Reactors is reviewed. The use of ThO 2 for local power flattening in heterogeneous Boiling Water Reactors and its application to future fuel for the Dresden Nuclear Power Station is discussed. This method of flattening provides a number of advantages over simple enrichment variation. Supporting experimental measurements are reviewed. The nuclear aspects of 235 U - 232 Th, Pu- 232 Th and 235 U- mixed 232 Th 238 U fuels are discussed for large BWR application. It is concluded that 235 U- 232 Th fuels are of interest because of the potential for achievement of long exposures. Mixed 238 U- 232 Th fertile isotopes provide interesting and possibly useful trends in resonance capture and conversion. From the nuclear standpoint plutonium is feasible as an initial or make-up fuel for a thorium cycle. The pros and cons of use of 232 Th as compared to 238 U are discussed. It is concluded that sufficient economic and technical information is not presently available to make a conclusive long-term choice between these fertile isotopes and, therefore, design provisions for flexibility of future optimal utilization of either fertile material are desirable for thermal reactors which are built in the next few years.
Conceptions of Power Among Senior Women Administrators at Liberal Arts Colleges in the Upper Midwestern United States

Women are underrepresented in senior-level leadership positions in higher education institutions, and their experiences are underrepresented in research about leadership and power in higher education. This qualitative study engaged women senior administrators at liberal arts colleges in the Upper Midwestern United States to better understand how their intersecting identities mediate their enacted leadership. Data were collected from eight women senior administrators at liberal arts colleges in the Upper Midwestern United States via a preliminary questionnaire, document review, in-depth one-on-one interviews, and a day of observation with each participant. For this paper, I investigated how the participants perceived their own power within the campus community. Data analysis using the constant comparative method revealed participants’ conceptions of power, their discomfort with the word power, and the ways they saw their power as mediated by their identities.
OPTICAL SYMBOLIC COMPUTING

Abstract : Computer simulation programs have been written to simulate optical symbolic systems. The simulation includes ferroelectric liquid crystals, detectors, and conventional optical components. Individual components have been assembled and tested. The next phase of the work is to assemble a simple, but complete, demonstration system, compare the results with the simulations, and to correct the simulations. The design and simulation of more complex systems will be performed. Keywords: Optical computing, Artificial intelligence, Symbolic logic, Optical processing.
Undergraduate Student Researchers, Preferred Learning Styles, and Basic Science Research: A Winning Combination

In basic science research, student researchers are often challenged with not only the technical portion of the research design but also the team dynamic. Understanding how a student prefers to learn can provide an advantage for mentors to better meet these challenges. In this article, the authors describe the experience of working with student researchers with different preferred learning styles and how knowing this information contributed to creating a positive learning environment resulting in a winning combination for the research team.
Using organizational messages to improve the recognition of near-miss events on projects

Although organizations may extract valuable lessons from visible failures, they too often neglect near-miss events—those that occur before a catastrophe—for the early learning opportunities these events can provide. Near-misses are situations where a failure could have occurred except for the intervention of good fortune and are often harbingers of future failure. Prior research has demonstrated a natural propensity for individuals and organizations to ignore these warning signals because they perceive the near-misses as successes. We show that people can be made more cognizant of near-misses by using organizational messages to help people recognize the difference between a near-miss and a success. In three studies, subtle primes that promoted a sense of accountability, project significance and risk aversion made both MBA students and NASA managers and contractors examine near-miss events more critically.
Simplified arthroscopic suture passing using a suture loop.

Abstract Arthroscopic procedures for shoulder pathology are becoming more popular. Passing braided nonabsorbable suture for repair of intra-articular tissue can be technically difficult because advancing this suture through tissue is a 2-step process. The use of a suture loop with Spectrum suture hooks (Linvatec, Largo, FL) simplifies braided suture passing, and eliminates the use of expensive suture shuttles. This technique simplifies the use of nonabsorbable suture in arthroscopic shoulder procedures. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 4 (April), 2002: E16
An optimization model for selective inspection in serial manufacturing systems

This paper describes an optimization model for allocating inspection efforts at each stage in a serial multi-stage assembly line. The model explicitly considers the economic tradeoff between product yield and inspection accuracy. The paper also shows that the use of a heuristic solution method, simulated annealing, is effective and efficient for solving the inspection allocation model. Problem instances have been developed using real production and visual inspection data provided by a local high-volume electronics manufacturer. In addition, randomly generated problems are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed heuristic.
Forgiveness as a Therapeutic Option

This review proposes the use of forgiveness as a therapeutic option in addressing individual, relational, and marital distress. The examination begins with a brief account of recent theories and models of forgiveness followed by the findings of empirical studies on forgiveness as it is employed in different relational contexts, such as anger, blame, guilt, and infidelity. Research on the communication of forgiveness in relationships, as well as the long-term implications of using forgiveness in relationships, is discussed. Explanations of the implications of the therapeutic use of forgiveness for individual and family counselors conclude this literature review.
A Comparison of Motivational Factors and Barriers to Physical Activity Among Traditional Versus Nontraditional College Students

Abstract Objective: To investigate the motivational factors and the barriers to physical activity (PA) in traditional college students (TS) and nontraditional college students (NTS) and determine if differences exist between these 2 groups. Participants: A total of 746 college students; 628 were TS (19.1 ± 1.2 years), and 118 were NTS (31.2 ± 8.6 years). Methods: In fall 2010, students voluntarily completed a demographic questionnaire, Barriers to Being Active Quiz, and Exercise Motivations Inventory–2 (EMI-2). Results: EMI-2 revealed that TS and NTS differed on 8 of the 14 motivational factors for exercise. There was a significant difference between TS and NTS for the following barriers: fear of injury (p = .001), lack of resources (p = .017), and lack of skill (p = .003). Conclusion: Based on these findings, interventions can be developed for the varied needs of a diverse student population as it pertains to PA participation.
Impact Ionization and Quantum Efficiency in Silicon

By applying optical absorption and photoemission data to analyse quantum yield in silicon, it is shown that most of the electrons and holes with energy above a certain threshold will take part in an ionizing collision before losing their energy. This is taken to mean that they are scattered into a region of phase space in which they can cause ionization, before their energy falls below the threshold. A general conclusion is drawn that, whilst in low-energy-gap covalent semiconductors hot electrons have a higher mean free path, it is probably more difficult to heat the electron gas than in high-energy-gap partially ionic semiconductors.
THE ROLE OF THE PSYCHIATRIC NURSE CONSULTANT ON A BURN UNIT

This article discusses the stress inherent in bum units and its impact on nursing staff. The role of the psychiatric nurse consultant in burn units and the various approaches to helping patients, their families, and staff used by the consultant are described and discussed.
Neurometabolic Causes of Infantile Spasms

Investigators at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, studied the prevalence of hereditary neurometabolic causes of infantile spasms in 80 cases presenting over a 15-year period.
A Scattering Meter for Deep Water

The deep water scattering meter was developed for the purpose of studying the scattering properties of ocean water. By means of a straightforward calibration, data taken with this instrument can be readily expressed as absolute values of the volume scattering function.
A MODEL OF THE CAUSES OF MANAGEMENT TURNOVER IN HOTELS

The purpose of this study was to develop and test a comprehensive model of the causes of management turnover in cases where there is a breakdown in the employee-employer relationship. To accomplish this, the research employed three methodological tools not commonly used in hospitality research: triangulation, content analysis of qualitative data, and the use of structured phone interviews as a substitute for a survey. The use of these techniques proved to be invaluable in analyzing the problem. Data were collected through three studies: a qualitative study of industry experts, a survey of 206 hotel general managers, and interviews with 90 hotel managers who had left a position in the previous year. The results strongly support the completeness of the model and give some indications of the relative importance of the various causes.
Gallstone ileus: revisiting surgical outcomes using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data

Abstract Background Although surgical management remains the mainstay of therapy for gallstone ileus, the optimal approach—enterolithotomy alone or combined with biliary-enteric fistula disruption—is controversial because of the reliance on small single-center series to describe outcomes. Using the American College of Surgeons' National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we sought to (1) review the outcomes of patients undergoing surgical management of gallstone ileus and (2) determine if cholecystectomy in addition to enterolithotomy increased morbidity or mortality rate. Methods We analyzed the demographics, comorbidities, acuity, operative time, postoperative hospitalization length, and 30-d morbidity and mortality rates of 127 patients from 2005 to 2010 who underwent a procedure for the relief of gallstone ileus. We identified a subset of 14 patients who underwent simultaneous cholecystectomy. We compared the “no cholecystectomy” and “cholecystectomy” groups using standard statistical methods. Results The overall 30-d postoperative morbidity and mortality rate was 35.4% and 5.5%, respectively. Superficial surgical site infection and urinary tract infection were the most common complications. There was no significant difference in mortality rate between the no cholecystectomy and the cholecystectomy groups (5.3% versus 7.1%, respectively; P = 0.78), but the latter group did experience more minor complications, longer operations, and longer postoperative hospitalization. Conclusions Other recent studies on this topic have collected data or reviewed literature across several decades, making this study in particular one of the largest truly modern series. Perhaps reflecting changes in perioperative management, surgical treatment of gallstone ileus is less morbid than previously described, but there is still insufficient evidence to favor concurrent cholecystectomy.
Association of Dominant Marker Traits and Metric Traits in Chickens

Abstract This study was initiated to determine whether an allelic substitution of a dominant marker gene would identify a region close to a locus affecting expression in a metric trait. The rationale for the experiment was to utilize disequilibrium between a multiple recessive randombred Rhode Island Red (RRc) stock previously selected for quantitative trait performance and an unimproved dominant marker stock (MDM). The reporter genes in the MDM were: barring (B), silver (S), creeper (Cp), rose comb (R), double uropygial gland (U), crest (Cr), dominant white (I), frizzle (F), duplex comb (D), multiple spurs (M), Polydactyly (Po), blue egg (O), pea comb (P), naked neck (Na), extended black (E), white skin (W+), muffs and beard (Mb), and feathered shanks (Fsh). Appropriate reciprocal crosses of MDM with RRc and F1 to RRc produced segregating full sibs that were evaluated for association with reporter traits. Carriers of Cr, I, and F were significantly later in sexual maturity than their recessive full sibs. The pleiotropic effects of F are believed to account for the later maturity. None of the marker traits had a significant association with egg numbers or egg weight. Birds expressing E were distinctly heavier at 8 and 32 wk. There is no obvious explanation for the significant larger size for the E phenotype. The CR-I-F phenotypes were significantly smaller at 32 wk than noncarrier full sibs.
Contril of rigid-link, flexible-joint robots:a survey of backstepping approaches

The purpose of this article is to show how the design procedure commonly referred to as integrator backstepping can be used to design globally stable trajectory tracking controllers for Rigid-Link Flexible-Joint (RLFJ) robot manipulators. Three different types of controllers are developed: (1) an exact model knowledge-based controller, (2) an adaptive controller that compensates for parametric uncertainty, and (3) a robust controller that compensates for parametric uncertainty and unknown bounded disturbances. All three controllers are based on previously published work but are presented here in a unifying framework. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Informed Consent and Informed Refusal

BACKGROUND. This article continues our medicolegal series that addresses issues affecting current dermatology practice. Informed consent and informed refusal have become cornerstones of modern American healthcare, and can serve to facilitate communication and trust between physician and patient. METHODS. A format with an initial discussion of legal concepts is followed by hypothetical problems and a review of actual cases to illustrate the principles of informed consent and informed refusal. RESULTS. A valid informed consent from a competent patient should be obtained before initiating most dermatologic treatment. When a competent patient refuses a recommended medical test or procedure, the physician should make sure the patient understands the potential negative consequences of refusal. Some form of written documentation in the medical record is advised in either situation. CONCLUSION. Failure to obtain a patient's informed consent prior to beginning treatment or failing to obtain an informed refusal before accepting a patients's decision to forego a test or procedure may subject the dermatologist to multiple later allegations, most commonly negligence. Dermatol Surg 1995 ;21 :
The yield stress of polycrystalline thin films

In recent experiments it has been shown that the yield stress of polycrystalline thin films depends separately on the film thickness and the grain size. It was also shown that the grain size dependence varies as the reciprocal of the grain size. In this paper an analysis is presented which leads to these results and provides a more detailed understanding of the origins of the observed behavior.
Effect of Substitution of a Permeable Weak Acid for the Permissive Role of Glucose in Amino Acid-Induced Electrical Activity in B-Cells

The amino acids L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and Larginine require a subthreshold concentration of glucose to elicit insulin release and electrical activity from B-cells. There is evidence suggesting that protons couple the metabolism of glucose to the functional response of B-cells. In view of this, a permeable weak acid, sulfamerazine, was used to determine if the generation of intracellular protons could account for the permissive action of glucose. Addition of 10 mM sulfamerazine elicited constant spike activity only with 20 mM leucine. With 20 mM arginine or isoleucine, sulfamerazine induced silent depolarization no different from that caused by sulfamerazine alone. The pattern of the electrical activity of each amino acid plus 5.6 mM glucose or a-ketoisocaproic acid alone was qualitatively different; addition of sulfamerazine enhanced the electrical response. The permeable weak base NH4C1 at 20 mM immediately inhibited the electrical response to each amino acid plus glucose or a-ketoisocaproic acid alon...
Does Intercollegiate Athletics Draw Local Students to a University

This article presents evidence showing that success in football and men’s basketball at the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I level positively affects enrollment of local h...
Accuracy of profile retrievals from mm-wave spectra of ClO and N/sub 2/O

The retrieval accuracy of a Chahine-Twomey retrieval algorithm, acting on pressure-broadened mm-wave rotational spectra measured with ground-based equipment, is explored for two radically different profiles, the first representing a two-layered Antarctic ClO distribution having a maximum mixing ratio of /spl sim/1.5 ppbv and no tropospheric component, and the second representing a typical polar N/sub 2/O profile, with a tropospheric mixing ratio of 300 ppbv dropping rapidly in the low to mid-stratosphere. The uncertainties or errors due to intrinsic retrieval limits, practical levels of random noise, uncertainties in input parameters (atmospheric temperature and pressure profiles, pressure broadening), and in calibration of instrument sensitivity are all explored, and an overall error budget established a function of altitude. >
RELIGIOUS NATURALISM—WHERE DOES IT LEAD?

. I respond to the four symposiasts who commented on my recent book Religion Is Not About God (2005)—religious studies scholars Donald Braxton and David Klemm, philosopher William Rottschaefer, and cognitive scientist Leslie Marsh. Various general and specific points relative to the nature of religion and the future of religion are either clarified or defended. Among the issues that receive attention are (1) the status and adequacy of my proposals for religious naturalism: Can it motivate wholeness, and is it finally a form of pantheism? (2) ritual practices, particularly those of Christianity, reinterpreted within the framework of religious naturalism; and (3) the adequacy of any naturalistic position to account for subjective properties of consciousness.
Realizing the Rights Revolution: Litigation and the American State

The implementation and enforcement of civil rights laws in the aftermath of the mid-twentieth-century rights revolution has been a prominent concern for a multidisciplinary group of scholars. This article reviews a recent literature that is devoted to better understanding the dynamics of judicial authority and enforcement power and, in particular, how courts are frequently empowered to enforce laws through complex interactions with an array of public and private actors. The article emphasizes new books by Charles Epp and Sean Farhang, which each examine different features of this enforcement process. In The Litigation State: Public Regulation and Private Lawsuits in the U.S. (2010), Farhang explores the frequency with which Congress has chosen to enforce its civil rights statutes through incentivizing private litigation. In Making Rights Real: Activists, Bureaucrats, and the Creation of the Legalistic State (2010), Epp examines how civil rights are enforced and transformed through the relationship between administrators, activists, and lawmakers within bureaucratic organizations. Together, these books expand our understanding of the politics and processes of implementing rights in practice and, more broadly, challenge and enrich our perspective on the effectiveness of the American state in enforcing rights. The often complex series of self-conscious legislative, judicial, and administrative choices and interactions necessary in order to deliver rights protections requires that we view policy enforcement from a broader institutional and political perspective. From that perspective, we can see that effective implementation is far from automatic.
Reliability of reduced air pressure methods used to assess the apical seal

Summary The reliability of two commonly used methods of sealability testing, dye leakage under normal atmospheric pressure and dye leakage in a partial vacuum, was tested using a repeated studies design. Forty extracted teeth were instrumented and obturated using lateral condensation of gutta-percha and Sealapex™ sealer. One-half of the teeth were placed in India ink under normal atmospheric pressure and the other half underwent air evacuation before immersion in the ink. After 24 h the teeth were removed from the ink and rendered transparent for linear leakage analysis. A second study, repeated within the exact parameters of the first, was performed approximately 1 month later. Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) between the air and vacuum groups or within each group (air or vacuum) between trials, indicating that the methodology is repeatable and that application of reduced air pressure did not enhance reliability. A large majority of the teeth placed under partial vacuum showed evidence of vacuum-induced artefacts that may negate the value of vacuum as a research tool.
Color Vision for Road Following

At Carnegie Mellon University, we have two new vision systems for outdoor road following. The first system, called SCARF (Supervised Classification Applied to Road Following), is designed to be fast and robust when the vehicle is running in both sunshine and shadows under constant illumination. The second system, UNSCARF (UNSupervised Classification Applied to Road Following), is slower, but provides good results even if the sun is alternately covered by clouds or uncovered. SCARF incorporates our results from our previous experience with road tracking by supervised classification. It is an adaptive supervised classification scheme using color data from two cameras to form a new six dimensional color space. The road is localized by a Hough space technique. SCARF is specifically designed for fast implementation on the WARP supercomputer, an experimental parallel architecture developed at Carnegie Mellon.
Coordination within Multiproduct Firms: Implications of Organizational Forms on Product Portfolio

Two principal features of a business enterprise are the way in which it is organized with respect to activities on the supply-side and the extent to which it is diversified with respect to product ...
A Study of the Effectiveness of Training Proactive Thinking1

Recent studies have consistently demonstrated the significant positive impact that proactive thinking has on job performance, while assuming proactivity to be a relatively stable, dispositional trait (cf. Ashford & Black, 1996; Crant, 1995; Morrison, 1993; Seibert, Crant, & Kraimer, 1999). This study, on the other hand, seeks to determine if proactivity can be increased in participants through training. This study uses a 4-month long longitudinal pretest/posttest design to assess the relationship between proactive thinking and performance in the classroom. In the study, 177 subjects were split into 2 treatment groups. One group received training in proactive thinking skills, while the other did not. The results of the study confirm that proactive thinking does have a significant impact on student performance over and above other personality and performance variables. Most importantly, this study also demonstrates that proactivity is not stable over time, but can be increased through training.
Investigation of crystal geometries for fiber coupled gamma imaging intra-operative probes

In this work, gamma sensitive intra-operative imaging detectors using CsI(Na), CsI(Tl) and NaI(Tl) scintillators coupled through optical fibers were investigated with simulations and measurements. Three coupling methods were employed between the detectors and optical fiber imaging array: discrete crystals coupled one-to-one with the fibers; discrete crystals coupled through a light diffuser to an unmatched fiber array; and continuous, light sharing crystals coupled directly to the fiber optic array. The discrete crystals were arranged in 4/spl times/4 element arrays of sizes ranging from 1/spl times/1/spl times/2.5 mm/sup 3/ up to 2/spl times/2/spl times/6 mm/sup 3/. CsI(Na) had the best pulse height and single crystal energy resolution (44% at 140 keV) when coupled through fibers to the MC-PMT photodetector. All discrete arrays were completely resolved, indicating that the intrinsic spatial resolution corresponded to the crystal size. The spatial resolution for the 12.5 mm /spl phi//spl times/3.5 mm continuous crystals was /spl sim/1.2 mm FWHM, with relative pulse heights of 1.5 to 5.5 times lower than for the discrete array detectors.
An intrusion detection framework for Sensor Networks using Honeypot and Swarm Intelligence

Wireless Sensor Networks have become a technology for the new millennium with the endless possibilities for applications ranging from academic to military. These tiny sensors are deployed in open environments, where security for data or hardware cannot be guaranteed. Unfortunately due to the resource constraints, traditional security schemes cannot be applied. Therefore designing protocols that can operate securely using smart inherent features is the best option. In this paper, an efficient way of detecting an intruder using Honeypot and Swarm Intelligence is proposed. The Honeypot architecture strategically enables agents to track the intruders. This process of locating an intruder reduces the false alarm detection rate caused by Denial-of-service attacks. A detailed analysis of the attack is captured to predict future attacks using pattern recognition. The proposed framework is evaluated based on accuracy and speed of intruder detection before the network is compromised. This process of detecting the intruder earlier helps learn his/her future attacks, but also a defensive countermeasure.
Paraneoplastic manifestations of renal cell carcinoma

Paraneoplastic manifestations are present in up to 20% of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). There is convincing evidence that RCC tumor cells elaborate proteins that serve as mediators of endocrine (eg, ectopic production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or erythropoietin) as well as nonendocrine paraneoplastic syndromes. A paraneoplastic syndrome may be the initial clinical presentation of RCC in a significant number of patients, and recognition of these syndromes may facilitate early diagnosis. Most paraneoplastic syndromes associated with RCC remit after resection of the primary RCC or treatment of metastatic sites. The natural history of metastatic RCC is extremely variable. A significant proportion of patients may survive several years with slowly progressing metastatic disease. In these patients, the accurate diagnosis and management of paraneoplastic syndromes may be important in palliative management. Except for hypercalcemia, conventional medical therapies are seldom helpful. Other paraneoplastic manifestations of RCC include cachexia, fever, hepatic dysfunction, anemia, and amyloidosis, although our understanding of the underlying pathophysiology remains incomplete.
Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction: Health Policy Update

Multiple Procedure Payment Reduction currently applies to multiple diagnostic imaging services administered to the same patient during the same day and entails a 50% decrease in the technical component and a 25% decrease in the professional component reimbursement. This might change with time due to further legislation, so it is important to be up-to-date on these health policy developments.
Interferon-γ downregulates ion transport in murine small intestine cultured in vitro

Effects of IFN-γ on mammalian small intestinal ion transport were studied in vitro using incubated sheets of murine small intestine in Ussing chambers. In oxygenated standard culture medium contain...
Motion in Two Dimensions — Airwing of Infinite Span

If all quantities are independent of z, and w = 0 so that the motion is parallel to the xy-plane, we say that it is a plane motion or two dimensional. In such a case we may envisage a volume of fluid of unit thickness moving parallel to the xy-plane.
p38 MAPK α and β isoforms differentially regulate plasma membrane localization of MRP2

In hepatocytes, cAMP both activates p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and increases the amount of multidrug resistance-associated protein-2 (MRP2) in the plasma membrane (PM-MRP2). Parado...