cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Randomized Controlled Trial of a School-Implemented School–Home Intervention for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms and Impairment

Objective This study evaluated the efficacy of a novel psychosocial intervention (Collaborative Life Skills [CLS]) for primary-school students with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. CLS is a 12-week program consisting of integrated school, parent, and student treatments delivered by school-based mental health providers. Using a cluster randomized design, CLS was compared with usual school/community services on psychopathology and functional outcomes. Method Schools within a large urban public school district were randomly assigned to CLS (12 schools) or usual services (11 schools). Approximately 6 students participated at each school (N = 135, mean age 8.4 years, grade range 2–5, 71% boys). Using PROC GENMOD (SAS 9.4), the difference between the means of CLS and usual services for each outcome at posttreatment was tested. To account for clustering effects by school, the generalized estimating equation method was used. Results Students from schools assigned to CLS compared with those assigned to usual services had significantly greater improvement on parent and teacher ratings of ADHD symptom severity and organizational functioning, teacher-rated academic performance, and parent ratings of oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and social/interpersonal skills. Conclusion These results support the efficacy of CLS compared with typical school and community practices for decreasing ADHD and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms and improving key areas of functional impairment. They further suggest that existing school-based mental health resources can be redeployed from non-empirically supported practices to those with documented efficacy. This model holds promise for improving access to efficient evidence-based treatment for inattentive and disruptive behavior beyond the clinic setting. Clinical Trial Registration Information— Study of the Collaborative Life Skills Program; http://clinicaltrials.gov/; NCT01686724.
Information of the world, unite!

This article discusses concerns about the security of electronic data collected in electronic transactions such as cellular telephone calls and credit card purchases. The combination of this information, referred to as data fusion, entails the matching of disparate sources of data in order to find patterns that indicate security issues. The problem of poor data quality in data fusion systems is described. INSETS: FUSION AND CONFUSION;Games People Play;How It Works;IDENTITY THEFT
Controlling high-bandwidth flows at the congested router

FIFO queueing is simple but does not protect traffic from high-bandwidth flows, which include not only flows that fail to use end-to-end congestion control, but also short round-trip time TCP flows. At the other extreme, per-flow scheduling mechanisms provide max-min fairness but are more complex, keeping state for all flows going through the router. This paper presents RED-PD (Random Early Detection-Preferential Dropping), a mechanism that combines simplicity and protection by keeping state for just the high-bandwidth flows. RED-PD uses the packet drop history at the router to detect high-bandwidth flows in times of congestion and preferentially drops packets from these flows. This paper discusses the design decisions underlying RED-PD. We show that it is effective at controlling high-bandwidth flows using a small amount of state and very simple fast-path operations.
The cup runneth over: The body, the public and its regulation in digital activism

The mainstream discourse focuses on predictive algorithms of probability as a measure of responsibility and culpability for digitally mediated activism. Bodies that threaten to disrupt the seamlessness of events are seen as problematic. The expected response is to contain this overflow into physical spaces and to restrict their excesses to the online platforms. This essay argues that this separation of zones of affective excess signals a shift in how we understand the body, publicness and punishment in the face of ubiquitous digitality. It confronts this ‘cleansing’ acts of algorithmic regulation with a case study of the #KissOfLove campaign from India to show how the expected tropes that deal with concerns of safety of the body, the separation and weaving together of the digital and physical spaces, and the affordances provided by regulation and policy often unquestioningly mark bodies and spaces as overflowing and hence in need of curation, containment and cleansing. Building upon the narratives of tech...
Intermetallic formation of SN solder on CU-XNI for a harsh environment composite solder paste

Continued improvement of our Cu-Ni/SN100C composite solder paste as a Pb-free alternative to high-Pb solder seeks to improve the reliability of printed circuit board (PCB) solder joints, even for extremely high temperatures, possibly up to 400°C. The designed paste is predicted to be inexpensive and able to withstand elevated temperatures while still maintaining a standard commercial processing temperature around 250°C. The paste performs using liquidphase diffusion bonding (LPDB) to form the room-temperature stable intermetallic compound (Cu, Ni) 6 Sn 5 . The nickel addition to this high-temperature phase increases joint ductility by suppressing the brittle transformation of the IMC upon cooling. Updates to the research explore the maximum possible diffusion based on Cu-Ni powder composition and the use of a Sn-alloy as the liquid-half of the solid/liquid diffusion couple within the paste. Results suggest this could be an excellent “drop-in” replacement for solders soon to be eliminated by RoHS. The Iowa State Research Foundation and Nihon-Superior, Inc. Ltd., through Ames Lab (DE-AC02-07CH11358) are gratefully acknowledged.
Visualizing the Chinese threat: L’Arrivo di Wang as an ethnic allegory

Through the lens of Julia Kristeva’s and Barbara Creed’s theories of the horror genre and abjection, this article investigates how the Manetti Brothers’ science fiction horror movie L’Arrivo di Wan...
Appraisal in Delaware: Possible Improvement From the Bottom Up?

We trace the origins of shareholders' rights to judicial appraisal to determine the purpose - to avoid expropriation by majority shareholders. We then trace the meandering path of judicial appraisal in Delaware, which has exhibited a deep distrust of market valuations in favor of broad judicial discretion. While recently the Delaware Supreme Court has begun to attach importance to the deal price arrived at in good faith in mergers, it has continued to ignore the statutory injunction to exclude value added through anticipation or realization of gains through the merger. Instead, too often courts have been swayed or confused by dueling experts to reach values well above deal prices, or occasionally below, without serious consideration of pre-announcement market prices. Only recently has the Chancery Court used an efficiently developed market price to determine value in a manner consistent with the law.
Look-Up Table Unit Activation Function for Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

Activation functions provide deep neural networks the non-linearity that is necessary to learn complex distributions. It is still inconclusive what is the optimal shape for the activation function. In this work, we introduce a novel type of activation function of which the shape is learned with network training. The proposed Look-up Table Unit (LuTU) stores a set of anchor points in a look-up table like structure, and the activation function is generated from the anchor points by either linear interpolation or smoothing with a single period cosine mask function. LuTU is in theory able to approximate any univariate function. By observing the learned shapes of LuTU, we further propose a Mixture of Gaussian Unit (MoGU) that can learn similar non-linear shapes with much fewer parameters. Finally, we use a multiple activation function fusion framework that combines multiple types of functions to achieve better performance. The inference complexity of multiple activation function fusion is constant with linear interpolation approximation. Our experiments on a synthetic dataset, ImageNet, and CIFAR-10 demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional ReLU family activation functions. On the ImageNet dataset, our method achieves 1.47% and 1.0% higher accuracy on ResNet-18 and ResNet-34 models, respectively. With the proposed activation function, we can design a network that has the same performance as ResNet-34 but 8 fewer convolutional layers.
The Endocrine Function of the Rodent Placenta: Placental Lactogens

Placental lactogens are prolactin and growth hormone-like hormones produced by the fetal placenta of a variety of mammalian species. Mouse placental lactogen-I (mPL-I), mouse placental lactogen-II (mPL-II) and hamster placental lactogen-II (haPL-II) have been purified and characterized at the protein and cDNA level. Mouse-PL-I is a single chain glycosylated polypeptide of 194 amino acid residues, containing 5 cysteine residues and 2 sites for N-linked glycosylation. Mouse-PL-II is a single chain polypeptide of 191 amino acid residues, containing 5 cysteine residues and no carbohydrate moieties. Hamster PL-II is also a single chain polypeptide of 191 amino acid residues, containing 5 cysteine residues and no carbohydrate moieties. By immunocytochemistry, mPL-IIhas been localized to the placental giant cells. Utilizing a homologous RIA, the concentration mPL-I has been found to be detected as early as day 6 of pregnancy with peak levels on day 10 of gestation. In contrast, circulating mPL-II is first detected on day 10 of pregnancy, and the hormone level increases until term. The maternal serum mPL-II concentration is regulated by the number of conceptuses, the genotype of the feto-placental unit, by the pituitary via growth hormone, the maternal nutritional status, ovaries and the decidua. An increase in the production rate of mPL-II appears to play a role in determining the gestational profile of the hormone but a change in half-life does not. Receptors for mPL-I and mPL-II have been characterized on ovarian and hepatic tissue from pregnant mice. Both haPL-II, mPL-I and mPL-II have been shown to have in vitro lactogenic activity in mouse mammary tissue.
Role of Cr-rich carbide precipitates in the intergranular oxidation of Ni-Cr alloys

Abstract The influence of grain boundary Cr carbides on the intergranular oxidation behavior of a Ni-16Cr alloy is considered using atomistic-to-mesoscale model and atom probe tomography. Cr carbide strongly perturbs the collective reactive dynamics of oxidizing species and alloy elements in the intergranular region. Strong attractive interactions between oxygen and carbide create a driving force for Cr and Ni accumulation in the grain boundary adjacent to the carbide, and for the depletion of Cr and Ni ahead of the oxidation front beyond the carbide. The results shed light on the mechanism of carbide-assisted protection of the alloy against grain boundary corrosion/oxidation.
Nonpreference Among Gerbera Cultivars by the Leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Agromyzidae: Diptera)

The leafminer, Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) is a key pest of gerbera daisies (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus), which are among the most preferred cut flowers in the world. While insecticides often fail to control this pest, parasitoids have proven to be effective. To maintain the parasitoids in the system, pesticide applications should be avoided. However, the influx of secondary pests like mites, thrips, whiteflies, and aphids during the growing season necessitates chemical sprays, which are effective in controlling the secondary pests, but are often toxic to the natural enemy and hence disrupt biological control. Since chemicals are not easily avoided in this system, an alternative method to avoid leafminers was sought, using host plant resistance, which can be an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. Sixty gerbera cultivars were evaluated for potential resistance to L. trifolii. A range in susceptibility measured as leaf punctures and developing mines was evident for the first five...
Market Theory and the Lighthouse System

In this chapter, we point out that Kirzner’s focus on the market process and entrepreneurial alertness to profit opportunities that come from improving allocative efficiency (or pushing back the frontiers of production possibilities) is universal in that it can be applied to what appears to be the most unassailable “bailey” of market failure theory. To do so, we consider the historical case of lighthouses which, because the light they produced to guide ships in the age of sail was non-rivalrous and non-excludable, is considered the textbook example of a “pure” public good. We point to recent research that show that the market process could have led to the production of efficient maritime safety services but that it was prevented from operating by state-mandated monopolistic guilds. As such, we argue that even this seemingly impregnable bailey of market failure theory fails to withstand Kirzner’s argument.
A Physiological Exploration of Visual Social Media Marketing: An Abstract

As visual social media marketing (VSMM) (i.e., photos and videos that are informal in appearance and are used by companies for promotional purposes) continues to increase in popularity, it is imperative for marketers to understand the elements of such marketing efforts that catch consumers’ attention. As such, the present research (1) studies the effect of time pressure on consumers’ attention in real time as they consume VSMM content and (2) delves into finer nuances of the effectiveness of VSMM content by examining the use of linguistic (i.e., figurative language) and pictorial (i.e., drawings) elements in VSMM content on consumers’ attention. Results across three studies using eye-tracking technology and scenario-based experiments indicate that time pressure elicits greater attention to the VSMM caption than no time pressure. Furthermore, the use of figurative language (i.e., antithesis) positively influences consumers’ attention to the caption in company-generated VSMM. Finally, the presence of pictorial information in VSMM positively moderates the relationship between the use of figurative language (i.e., alliteration) and consumers’ attention to the caption in user-generated VSMM.
Growth of Lumbosacral Perineural (Tarlov) Cysts: A Natural History Analysis.

Background Tarlov cysts (TC) are commonly found spinal perineural cysts. Symptomatic TCs are rare, however, and there is no consensus on their pathogenesis and optimal management. Objective To characterize cyst growth in patients with symptomatic TCs. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of 28 subjects, evaluated for symptomatic TCs (2011-2017). Each of the subjects had multiple magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs) across time and was included in a natural history analysis. Results A total of 42 TCs were identified across the 28 subjects, of which 7 cysts (17%) across 5 subjects demonstrated growth. Across a mean follow-up of 4.7 ± 1.8 years, TCs grew at a relative rate of 2.9 ± 2.6% in the anteroposterior, 4.3 ± 3.8% in the craniocaudal, and 1.4 ± 1.4% in the transverse dimensions per year. None of the cysts decreased in size between successive MRIs. Symptoms of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hypotension (positional headaches) were positive predictors of prior cyst growth on logistic regression (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 10). A total of 2 of the 5 subjects were initially asymptomatic from their TCs, and developed symptoms during the period of cyst growth, whereas 2 others experienced worsening of their symptoms during cyst growth. Conclusion We report on the growth of TCs, which is consistent with a widely-held theory that hydrostatic and pulsatile forces of CSF along with a ball-valve phenomenon allow for continuous dilation of TCs.
La Ville du Bien-íŠtre Collectif: A prototype sustainable community for disadvantaged Caribbean regions

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To provide a strategic framework for the utilization of under developed rural land with the intent of enhancing the economy, creating work opportunities, and strengthening the general wellbeing of the population. The goal is to provide a community infrastructure that allows for equal access to resources and opportunities for each citizen. Methodology: The development of a master plan for the community of Gressier Haiti, a coastal town near the capitol Portau- Prince. La Ville du Bien-iStre Collectif is distinctive in the way it responds to the community development goals of the Haitian government in a single unified plan. The plan's transformative approach is designed to overcome the extensive economic and social problems of the country. The organizing principles are founded on reconstructing the economy, re-growing the middle class, stabilizing the physical context, and reducing the impact of natural disasters. The primary economic driver of the community is the defining of an educational and commercial center focused on value-added agriculture. A vocational college is at the core of the center with a social agenda to educate a new generation of agro-entrepreneurs in techniques leading to improved crop production through sustainable practices. Achieved outcomes: The master plan is organized around a compact center surrounded by residential neighborhoods and a buffer of green agricultural fields. The neighborhoods, oriented towards middle-income inhabitants, are developed at a pedestrian scale and each have a social communal core. The entire community responds to the natural environmental conditions and is supported by sustainable practices which promote selfsufficiency. The master plan presents successful strategies to expand the middle class in the current socioeconomic conditions of Haiti. It is capable of adaptation to other sites and has the potential to be transferred as an innovative planning technique throughout the Caribbean. KEYWORDS: sustainable, community, prototype, reconstruct, re-grow
Robotic-Assisted Third-Time Redo Mitral Valve Replacement

Robotic-assisted approaches in cardiac surgery are becoming an increasingly common form of minimally invasive surgery. Recent literature has shown robotic-assisted techniques to be superior to traditional sternotomy in infection rates, bleeding, length of hospital stay, and postoperative quality of life. Although there are growing numbers of centers performing robotic mitral valve (MV) surgery, this approach is usually reserved for first-time MV repair. This case report describes a patient with two previous MV surgical procedures complicated by a late paravalvular leak that was unsuccessfully treated with four Amplatzer devices (AGA Medical, Inc, Plymouth, MN). A successful, totally endoscopic, robotic-assisted, third-time reoperative MV replacement was performed in this challenging patient.
ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF NEOCARZINOSTATIN CHROMOPHORE AGLYCON

Neocarzinostatin is the first of the “enediyne” antitumor agents to be characterized and is further distinguished as the first chromoprotein antibiotic.1 The DNA-cleaving properties of the neocarzinostatin protein-chromophore complex have been shown to reside solely within the chromophore component (1) which, in isolation, is exceedingly unstable.2,3 The strain, structural complexity, and, most importantly, high reactivity of the chromophore core define an extraordinarily challenging synthetic target. In this work, we describe an enantioselective route that provides for the first time neocarzinostatin chromophore aglycon (2), a substance which proves to be even less stable than 1 and which, almost certainly, could not be derived from the parent antibiotic.
Home visitor readiness, job support, and job satisfaction across three home visitation programs: A Retrospective Analysis

Abstract Home visitation programs are recognized as a preferred model for delivering services to children, parents, and families identified as at-risk. This study compares newly hired home visitors' (N = 82) perceptions of their job readiness, initial training, supervision and support, commitment to the intervention model, and job satisfaction from ten sites: Nurse–Family Partnership (NFP; three sites), Home-based Early Head Start (hereafter EHS-HBO; two sites), and Healthy Family America (HFA; five sites) programs. Data were collected between 1999 and 2004. Results indicated that NFP home visitors had bachelor's degrees in nursing, while HFA and EHS home visitors were largely paraprofessionals. NFP and HFA home visitors reported the highest scores on job satisfaction. There were no significant differences between programs on frequency or quality of supervision or commitment to the intervention model. Qualitative data indicated a need for more initial training on challenging topics, a greater attention to supervision and support, clearer articulation of the intervention model, and issues related to job satisfaction. Implications for improving the experiences of home visitors are discussed in the context of current training and supervision practices.
Crystal Engineering Using the Unconventional Hydrogen Bond. Synthesis, Structure, and Theoretical Investigation of Cyclotrigallazane

Cyclotrigallazane, [H2GaNH2]3, was prepared by condensing liquid ammonia onto solid trimethylamine gallane, GaH3(NMe3), at −78 °C and allowing the mixture to warm to room temperature and was charac...
The Ontogenesis of Agent: Cognitive Notion.

Children's early 1- and 2-word utterances appear to encode the concept of agent, thus suggesting that this semantic notion has its origin in prior sensorimotor development. Specifically, the nonverbal concept of agent has been alluded to in research regarding young children's development of the cognitive notion of causality and the pragmatic category of requests for action. In this study children's awareness of the nonverbal agent concept was defined by gestural behaviors--that is, actions on objects and other people--occurring during request interactions with their mothers and the investigator. Three children were observed in their homes approximately once a month for 1 year, from their 11th through 22nd months of life. During each hour-long visit, the children were engaged in free play and in tasks designed to result in the children's requesting help from an adult. Based on the observation of the children's changing nonverbal behaviors over the 12 months, a 5-level developmental sequence documenting the evolution of the cognitive notion of agent is presented.
PRACI - Perceção dos utentes sobre antibioterapia, Resistência a Antimicrobianos e Controlo de Infeção

Objectivo: Caracterizar os conhecimentos dos utentes sobre praticas inerentes a antibioterapia, concetualizacao de resistencia a antimicrobianos (RAM), controlo de infecao e averiguar a existencia de relacao entre a informacao sobre RAM e restantes variaveis. Tipo de estudo: Estudo observacional, transversal e analitico. Local: USF Viver Mais. Populacao: Utentes inscritos na USF Viver Mais com 18-69 anos (n=6952). Metodos: Questionario anonimo aplicado a uma amostra de 365 utentes. Incluiu variaveis demograficas como idade, sexo e escolaridade, presentes na Parte I, e 15 perguntas de escolha simples na Parte II. Resultados: Houve maior representatividade do sexo feminino (61,9%), do grupo com 45-54 anos e escolaridade ≥ 12o ano. A maioria reconheceu o papel dos antimicrobianos (AB) nas infecoes viricas e mais de 70% identificou os AB como farmacos anti-pireticos e anti-inflamatorios. A principal indicacao para AB foi a odinofagia duracao ≥ 5 dias e aproximadamente 89% concordou em utilizar AB de familiares/amigos. Cerca de 50% considerou importante a higienizacao das maos apos contacto com uma instituicao de saude e 69,4% apos contacto com secrecoes respiratorias. O reconhecimento do conceito da RAM constatou-se em 58,1% dos utentes, em que 50% a percecionou como problema pessoal e familiar. Mais de 88% concetualizou a RAM como uma falha de resposta do corpo aos AB. Verificou-se relacao entre a informacao sobre RAM e escolaridade; conhecimento sobre o efeito do AB na flora autoctone; adequacao dos AB a constipacao, gripe e odinofagia; suspeicao de necessidade de AB pelo doente; decisao de iniciar AB pelo medico e confianca no medico nao-prescritor ( p <0.05). Conclusoes: Em geral, os utentes demonstraram baixo conhecimento nas diversas areas, apesar de sobreponivel a literatura. Deste modo, o medico de familia pode dirigir as suas acoes para a informacao adequada do conceito de RAM e implicacoes no ecossistema.
Aryl-Nickel-Catalyzed Benzylic Dehydrogenation of Electron-Deficient Heteroarenes

This manuscript describes the first practical benzylic dehydrogenation of electron-deficient heteroarenes, including pyridines, pyrazines, pyrimidines, pyridazines, and triazines. This transformation allows for the efficient benzylic oxidation of heteroarenes to afford heterocyclic styrenes by the action of nickel catalysis paired with an unconventional bromothiophene oxidant.
Location of stimuli-responsive peptide sequences within silk-elastinlike protein-based polymers affects nanostructure assembly and drug–polymer interactions

Silk-elastinlike protein polymers (SELPs) self-assemble into nanostructures when designed with appropriate silk-to-elastin ratios. Here, we investigate the effect of insertion of a matrix metallopr...
OVERVIEW NO. 29 – A GENERAL MATHEMATICAL DESCRIPTION OF HYDROGEN DIFFUSION IN STEELS—I. DERIVATION OF DIFFUSION EQUATIONS FROM BOLTZMANN-TYPE TRANSPORT EQUATIONS

We first obtain general equations for hydrogen diffusion in steels including effects of trapping phenomena, diffusion obstacles, stresses, temperature and non-uniform solubilities, by using Boltzmann-type statistical transport equations which describe the random jumps of hydrogen atoms from site to site. We next specialize to the case of “physical” traps in Pressouyre's classification and show how the “non-uniform solubility model”, the well known McNabb and Foster model and the “void model” can be recovered by suitable approximations. We also study the cases of diffusion obstacles and of attractive traps, where the “physical” traps hypothesis is not valid.
Neuroendocrine mechanisms of reproduction

The neuroendocrinology of reproduction focuses on the neuromodulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the ontogeny of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, and common reproductive events and conditions, namely, puberty, the menstrual cycle, and disorders of reproductive function. The core concept underpinning the neuroendocrinology of reproduction is neuroregulation of hypothalamic GnRH drive. In both men and women, reproductive function requires that GnRH input elicit appropriate secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone from the anterior pituitary and that the gonads respond to such input appropriately. Moreover, insufficient GnRH drive causes hypothalamic hypogonadism and secondary insufficiency of gonadal sex steroid hormone synthesis and release in both sexes. Alterations in GnRH drive also reflect gonadal conditions such as dysgenesis, hyperandrogenism, gonadotropin mutations, and aging and loss or absence of oocytes or Sertoli cells. The most common cause of insufficient GnRH drive is functional, that is, due to the endocrine effects of psychologic or behavioral variables. Rarely does reduced GnRH drive reflect organic or congenital causes such as developmental defects, brain tumors, or celiac disease. Despite a common neuropathogenesis the heterogeneity of behavioral variables associated with reduced GnRH drive has resulted in a variety of names, including functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, stress-induced anovulation, and psychogenic amenorrhea.
Misperception of Disease Onset in People with Gradual-Onset Disease of the Upper Extremity.

Background Misperception that an established, gradual-onset disease such as osteoarthritis started when the symptoms were first noticed might lead to testing and treatment choices that are inconsistent with what matters most to a patient. In the present study, the primary null hypothesis was that there are no factors associated with patient-reported symptom duration (in months). The secondary null hypotheses were that there are no factors independently associated with (1) a sudden versus gradual perception of disease onset, (2) an event or injury-related versus age-related perceived cause of disease onset, and (3) the magnitude of physical limitations. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 121 patients with an atraumatic, established, gradual-onset condition of the upper extremity completed a demographic questionnaire, measures of mental health (symptoms of depression and anxiety, worst-case thinking, and self-efficacy [the ability to adapt and continue with daily activity] when in pain), measurement of the magnitude of upper extremity-specific limitations, and questions about the perceived course and cause of the disease. Results The median patient-reported symptom duration was 12 months (interquartile range, 3 to 36 months). Twenty-two patients (18%) perceived their disease as new, and 29 patients (24%) believed that the condition was related to ≥1 event (injury) rather than being time and age-related. In multivariable analysis, patients with Medicare insurance were independently associated with longer reported symptom duration (in months). Greater self-efficacy was associated with longer symptom duration in bivariate, but not multivariable, analysis. No factors were independently associated with a sudden versus gradual onset of symptoms. Hispanic ethnicity and federal, county, or no insurance were independently associated with the perception that the problem was caused by an injury or event. Conclusions Approximately 1 in 5 patients misperceived new symptoms as representing a new disease, often as a type of injury. Misperception of the pathology as new had a limited association with unhealthy thoughts and is likely generally responsive to reorientation. We speculate that gentle, strategic reorientation of misperception can protect patients from choices inconsistent with their values.
Implementation of a Ureteric Colic Telemedicine Service: A Mixed Methods Quality Improvement Study.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of a telemedicine service for ureteric colic patients in reducing the number of unnecessary face-to-face consultations and shortening waiting time for appointments. Methods A telemedicine workflow was implemented as a quality improvement study using the Plan-Do-Study-Act method. All patients presenting with ureteric colic without high-risk features of fever, severe pain, and hydronephrosis, were recruited, and face-to-face appointments to review scan results were replaced with phone consultations. Data were prospectively collected over 3 years (January 2017 to December 2019). Patient outcomes including the reduction in face-to-face review visits, time to review, reattendance and intervention rates, were tracked in an interrupted time-series analysis, and qualitative feedback was obtained from patients and clinicians. Results Around 53.2% of patients presenting with ureteric colic were recruited into the telemedicine workflow. A total of 465 patients (46.2%) had normal scan results and 250 patients (24.9%) did not attend their scan appointments, hence reducing the number of face-to-face consultations by 71.1%. A total of 230 patients (22.9%) required subsequent follow-up with urology, while 61 patients (6.1%) were referred to other specialties. Mean (SD) time to review was 30.0 (6.2) days, 6-month intervention rate was 3.4% (n = 34) and unplanned reattendance rate was 3.2% (n = 32). Around 93.1% of patients reported satisfaction with the service. Conclusion The ureteric colic telemedicine service successfully and sustainably reduced the number of face-to-face consultations and time to review without compromising on patient safety. The availability of this telemedicine service has become even more important in helping us provide care to patients with ureteric colic in the current COVID-19 pandemic.
The Holder in Due Course Doctrine as a Default Rule

The "holder in due course" doctrine, as implemented by Article 3 of the Uniform Commercial Code, says that a party who acquires a negotiable instrument in good faith, for value, and without notice of certain facts, and who also meets some additional requirements, takes the instrument free of competing claims of ownership and most defenses to payment. The standard justification for immunizing a holder in due course from claims and defenses is that the immunity will encourage beneficial commercial transactions. The standard explanation for the various requirements for attaining holder in due course status - good faith, value, lacking notice of certain facts - is that these requirements promote fairness and properly limit the incentives that the doctrine creates. This Article questions these conventional policy arguments. It contends that parties can generally recreate the effects of the holder in due course doctrine by using "waiver of defense" clauses in ordinary contracts. Pursuant to these clauses, parties may specify the precise circumstances under which an assignee of contractual rights takes those rights free from claims and defenses. As a result, this Article argues, a justification for the holder in due course doctrine must do more than show that stripping claims and defenses encourages beneficial transactions; it must explain why maintaining the doctrine as a matter of law is preferable to leaving the rules regarding the transfer of instruments to private contract. This Article suggests an alternative economic justification for the doctrine that takes into account the possibility of using waiver of defense clauses as an alternative to making negotiable instruments. It asserts that, while parties could replicate the doctrine through waiver of defense clauses, the holder in due course doctrine spares them the effort. In this way, the doctrine serves as a default rule that may reduce transaction costs, and thus may promote efficiency.
Pantheon habitat made from regolith, with a focusing solar reflector.

We describe a polar Moon base habitat using direct solar energy for construction, food production and atmospheric revitalization. With a growing area as large as 2000m2, it could provide for 40 or ...
Time-saving Goods, Time Inequalities, and Optimal Taxation

Time-saving goods are defined as market goods that reduce home labor requirements (e.g. restaurants; washing machines). Assuming that time savings are costly, this paper shows that lower-income individuals can purchase fewer time savings and enjoy less leisure time. Commodity tax rates affecting low-income individuals should depend more on time savings, and less on the classic Corlett and Hague rule. The related literature suggests to impose lower tax rates on goods that require less home labor. This paper shows that goods that offer greater time savings with respect to their more affordable substitutes should also receive favorable tax treatment.
Synchronization of Rossler chaotic systems via hybrid adaptive backstepping/sliding mode control

Abstract In this paper, a hybrid control approach combining adaptive backstepping and fuzzy sliding mode control is proposed for the synchronization of two Rossler chaotic systems. The proposed approach provides fast, high accuracy chaos synchronization in presence of unknown system parameters and external disturbances. The adaptive backstepping control law is developed to stabilize the synchronization error dynamics arising from the mismatch between the drive and response systems. Both unknown system parameters and unknown external disturbance are estimated by the adaptive backstepping control approach in a way that the overall system with the controller becomes stable. As a result, the requirement to have a priori knowledge about the unknown parameters, e.g., disturbance bounds, is nullified. The fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed to accompany the adaptive backstepping to confine the synchronization error and enhance the synchronization speed between the two chaotic systems. Performance of the proposed approach is investigated for a numerical example and compared against commonly used chaos synchronization techniques including optimal control, active control, and adaptive backstepping control method. Simulation results indicate the superior performance of the hybrid control method over state-of-the-art for the synchronization of Rossler chaotic systems.
Differential Pain Presentations Observed across Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Trajectories after Combat Injury.

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the association between pain outcomes and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom trajectories after combat-related injury, while adjusting for receipt of regional anesthesia (RA) soon after injury. METHODS The PTSD symptom trajectories of N = 288 combat-injured service members were examined from within a month of injury up to two-years after. Linear mixed-effects models evaluated the association between PTSD symptom trajectories and average pain and pain interference outcomes while adjusting for receipt of RA during combat casualty care. RESULTS Four PTSD trajectories were characterized: resilient, recovering, worsening, and chronic. Differential pain presentations were associated with PTSD symptom trajectories, even after adjusting for receipt of RA. Compared to those with a resilient PTSD symptom trajectory, individuals presenting with chronic PTSD trajectories were estimated to experience average pain scores 2.61 points higher (95% CI: 1.71, 3.14). Participants presenting with worsening (β = 1.42; 95% CI: 0.77, 1.78) and recovering PTSD trajectories (β = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.09, 1.08) were estimated to experience higher average pain scores than participants with resilient PTSD trajectories. Significant differences in pain interference scores were observed across PTSD trajectories. Receiving RA was associated with improved pain up to two years after injury (β = -0.31; 95% CI: -0.90, -0.04), however no statistically significant association was detected between RA and PTSD trajectories. CONCLUSIONS Chronic and worsening PTSD trajectories were associated with greater pain intensity and interference following combat injury even when accounting for receipt of early RA for pain management. These findings underscore the need to jointly assess pain and PTSD symptoms across the trauma care continuum.
Do resistance exercises during biofeedback therapy enhance the anal sphincter and pelvic floor muscles in anal incontinence

Aim To determine if a biofeedback therapy that includes concentric resistance exercise for the anal sphincter muscles can improve muscle strength/function and improve AI symptoms compared to the traditional/non-resistance biofeedback therapy. Background Biofeedback therapy is the current gold standard treatment for patients with anal incontinence (AI). Lack of resistance exercise biofeedback programs is a limitation in current practice. Methods Thirty-three women with AI (mean age 60 years) were randomly assigned to concentric (resistance) or isometric (non-resistance) biofeedback training. Concentric training utilized the Functional Luminal Imaging Probe to provide progressive resistance exercises based on the patient's ability to collapse the anal canal lumen. Isometric training utilized a non-collapsible 10 mm diameter probe. Both groups performed a biofeedback protocol once per week in the clinic for 12 weeks and at home daily. High definition anal manometry was used to assess anal sphincter strength; symptoms were measured using FISI and UDI-6. 3D transperineal ultrasound imaging was used to assess the anal sphincter muscle integrity. Results Concentric and isometric groups improved FISI and UDI-6 scores to a similar degree. Both the concentric and isometric groups showed small improvement in the anal high-pressure zone; however, there was no difference between the two groups. Ultrasound image analysis revealed significant damage to the anal sphincter muscles in both patient groups. Conclusions Concentric resistance biofeedback training did not improve the anal sphincter muscle function or AI symptoms beyond traditional biofeedback training. Anal sphincter muscle damage may be an important factor that limits the success of biofeedback training.
Dermatologic considerations for transgender and gender diverse youth

Sexual and gender minority individuals, including transgender and gender diverse people, are an underserved and vulnerable population in the field of dermatology. While the unique dermatologic needs for adult patients in this group are increasingly documented, the knowledge surrounding pediatric and adolescent transgender/gender diverse patients is lacking. We aim to summarize the unique dermatologic needs of transgender/gender diverse patients, with particular attention paid to the data available in younger groups. This review highlights the unique role pediatric dermatologists can play in the care of transgender and gender diverse youth including but not limited to treating acne and hair pattern changes as well as being knowledgeable about surgical and other cosmetic options for gender affirmation. It also highlights areas for potential future research including dermatologic effects of hormone therapy in children as well as treatments for those side effects.
Italo Calvino's Animals: Anthropocene Stories

The words 'Anthropocene animals' conjure pictures of dead albatrosses' bodies filled with plastic fragments, polar bears adrift on melting ice sheets, solitary elephants in the savannah. Suspended between the impersonal nature of the Great Extinction and the singularity of exotic individuals, these creatures appear remote, disconnected from us. But animals in the Anthropocene are not simply 'out there.' Threatening and threatened, they populate cities and countryside, often trapped in industrial farms, zoos, labs. Among them, there are humans, too. Italo Calvino's Animals explores Anthropocene animals through the visionary eyes of a classic modern author. In Calvino's stories, ants, cats, chickens, rabbits, gorillas, and other critters emerge as complex subjects and inhabitants of a world under siege. Beside them, another figure appears in the mirror: that of an anthropos without a capital A, epitome of subaltern humans with their challenges and inequalities, a companion species on the difficult path of co-evolution.
From Bricks to Clicks: How Digital Heritage Initiatives Create a New Ecosystem for Cultural Heritage and Collective Remembering:

Cultural heritage institutions, such as museums, libraries, archives, and historical societies, are increasingly using digital heritage initiatives and social media platforms to connect and interac...
Meningitis and Encephalitis

This chapter reviews the two most common central nervous system (CNS) enterovirus (EV) infections, meningitis and encephalitis. Many patients exhibit less discrete signs and symptoms and are described as having ''meningoencephalitis.'' The EVs are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in the United States as well as an important cause of encephalitis. Autoimmune diseases, malignancies, and reactions to certain drugs are occasionally manifested as aseptic meningitis as well. Children are the primary victims of CNS EV infections. Attack rates for aseptic meningitis among athletes have been higher than those among other students during EV outbreaks. A male-to-female incidence ratio for EV infections of 1.3 to 1.5:1 has been reported. EVs are acquired by fecal-oral contamination and, less commonly, by respiratory droplet. The benign nature of EV meningitis has made human pathologic data for this disease sparse. Disseminated intravascular coagulation and other findings of sepsis result in patients with illness indistinguishable from that due to overwhelming bacterial infection. One of these drugs, disoxaril, protects mice from developing meningoencephalitis due to echoviruses and cured mice of chronic EV meningitis in an experimental model. The most common CNS manifestations of the nonpolio EVs, meningitis and encephalitis, result in significant morbidity for tens of thousands of people in the United States each year.
Environmental Health -- for the Rich or for All?

In the issue of the global dominance of environmental health by the industrialized countries two main points are identified: 1) the powerful environmental health movement in developed economies may actually be holding back efforts to reduce damage to health by overriding needs and circumstances in less developed ones; 2) this movement may be helping developing countries protect their populations against environmental damage by fostering the growth of their scientific and technical knowledge thereby reducing global damage to health. This article enumerates examples of the benefits and the harmful impact derived from the global dominance of environmental health issues by industrialized countries. In terms of harmful impacts the examples selected are concerned with global interests that may not adequately cover the needs in developing countries. These include the issues on malaria control and DDT use chlorination of drinking-water and incineration of medical waste. For the benefits the examples include globalized information trade agreements which improve some standards in developing countries and the experience of industrialized countries since the 1960s.
Tax-Advantaged Investing for Older Parents with Minor Children

Tax-advantaged investing strategies are presented to meet the special financial planning challenges faced by older parents of minor children. These strategies are designed primarily to provide tax-effective, but flexible approaches for simultaneously planning for college funding and retirement planning. Strategies presented, however, also take into account the older parents' potentially heightened concerns regarding increased risks of loss of income from death, disability, and/or job loss.
The Heavens in a Jewel Box

Rose Center for Earth and Space . American Museum of Natural History. Central Park West at 81st Street, New York, NY 10024. [www.amnh.org/rose/][1] Through shows that use state-of-the-art projections systems and a variety of exhibits, the American Museum of Natural History's Rose Center for Earth and Space (the successor to the old Hayden Planetarium) offers visitors a multidimensional tour of the universe. [1]: http://www.amnh.org/rose/
Chapter 18 - Fundamentals of particle stability

In most natural aquatic environments, particle stability and the kinetics of the aggregation and deposition of aquasols (fine particles in aquatic systems) are controlled by surface and solution chemistry. In many technological environments, a task of the engineer is to reduce or eliminate the retarding effects of surface and solution chemistry on these kinetics in order to accomplish aggregation or deposition in economically feasible treatment systems. This chapter begins with a presentation of the relationship between interaction force and interaction energy. This followed by descriptions of van der Waals interactions, which occur between all colloidal particles, of the origins of surface charge, and of electrostatic interactions between particles. Because of its possible importance in flesh waters, the secondary minimum in the interaction energy between two solids is discussed. The adsorption and conformations of polymers and polyelectrolytes at solid-water interfaces are reviewed, as are the properties and effects on colloidal stability of macromolecular natural organic matter. The chapter also presents the use of these concepts in studying deposition phenomena.
On Irwin's and Achenbach's expressions for the energy release rate

Using a constitutive equation and anti-plane shear field introduced by Knowles, we show that the expressions of Irwin and Achenbach for the energy release rate are not generally valid for non-linear elastic materials.