cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Women, Literary Annuals, and the Evidence of Inscriptions

THE LITERARY ANNUALS of the 1820s, '30s, and '40s were best sellers and are, thus, a remarkable index to the taste and popular culture of Britain during this period. They offer important clues, as well, to the interconnected worlds of women writers and their readers, for they include poetry, short fiction, and nonfiction works by important figures, such as Mary Shelley, Letitia Landon, Mary Howitt, Felicia Hemans, Caroline Norton, and the Countess of Blessington, as well as lesser-known authors, such as Emma Roberts, Maria Jane Jewsbury, and Agnes Strickland.1 While male writers, such as Thomas Campbell, Allan Cunningham, Bernard Barton, John Clare and Alaric A. Watts were frequent contributors, and works by canonical male authors, such as Walter Scott, S. T. Coleridge, William Wordsworth, Percy Bysshe Shelley, and Alfred, Lord Tennyson, appeared in literary annuals, they were one of the main venues for women authors. For many, including Hemans, Shelley, Roberts, Jewsbury, and others, the annuals provided a major source of funds as well as significant literary exposure. Others, such as Norton, Blessington, Landon, and Howitt, not only contributed but became editors, thereby insuring a steady, lucrative income and becoming some of the first women to take up this mantle.The relatively high number of women authors and editors shaped the character of these volumes and accounted, in part, for the way in which the literary establishment took to disparaging them. But others dismissed literary annuals, because they feared that their own book sales were in danger of being suppressed by their popularity. Robert Southey, for example, complained, "The Annuals are now the only books bought for presents to young ladies, in which way poems formerly had their chief vent. People ask for what is new."2 Even so, literary annuals represented such a sizable portion of the book market that they could not be easily ignored.3 Their readership is widely believed to have been middle-class young women of marriageable age, and their purchasers are thought to have often been their
Traffic predictions for tactical wideband communications

The joint tactical radio system (JTRS) wideband networking waveform (WNW) will be a fundamental new capability for a variety of tactical users. In future U.S. marine corps (USMC) operations, the WNW will be the backbone network for the tactical users with other waveforms used in the lower tiers. Performance of the WNW will need to be stringent to ensure connectivity with adequate quality of service. A study has been conducted to determine the performance of this system in USMC scenarios. This work has included an assessment of traffic loads on the network and modeling and simulation to determine the performance of the WNW in various USMC scenarios. This paper focuses on the methodology for traffic prediction which is a key need for DoD to conduct rigorous networking engineering.
Internet protocol version 6 (student paper)

Many students, educators, and other professionals are increasingly finding that they need to become familiar with networking protocols. While the technical details are more complex than most professionals need, an understanding of the basic uses, features, terminology, and configurations is essential for any technical decision-maker or computer professional. Because of the Internet's dominance, computer professionals need to be, at least, familiar with its basic functionality. Currently, Internet Protocol version 4, IPv4, is the standard for Internet communications. However, with the tremendous expansion of the Internet, IPv4 is proving to be incapable of handling the coming demand. A new standard will be accepted to allow the Internet to continue to grow in size as well as function. Internet Protocol version 6, or IPv6, is the next currently proposed standard for Internet communications. While the basic function of IPv6 is similar to IPv4, IPv6 is drastically different in form. Differences fall into the categories of addressing, security, and configuration. Already, many large organizations, including Microsoft and Cisco, are developing and testing the new protocol. Beta software that allows construction of IPv6 networks has also been released to the general public. Because of the significant enhancements IPv6 provides and the shortage of IPv4 addresses, many organizations have begun implementing Internet Protocol version 6. The many differences between IPv4 and IPv6 make this preliminary testing an absolute necessity for the eventual migration to IPv6 to be successful. There are many methods available for transitioning to IPv6. One tool, however, is by far a greater necessity than any other. Knowledge of IPv6 is an essential element to the success of the next generation of Internet communication. Whether you are an educator, student, technician, or manager, if you need to know network communication, you will need to know Internet Protocol version 6.
Importance of routine alcohol screening and brief intervention in women

We present a case report and review of the literature to demonstrate why screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) is important for female primary-care patients. A 25-year-old African American woman presented with right lower-quadrant and flank pain, nausea, fever, and dyspareunia three days after unprotected intercourse. The patient had a past history of sexually transmitted infections. An initial alcohol screening was negative for heavy episodic drinking. Physical exam revealed fever, tachycardia, costovertebral angle tenderness, pelvic tenderness, vaginal discharge, and cervical motion tenderness. Urine analysis showed pyuria and bacteriuria. The patient was admitted with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and pyelonephritis. Repeat screening by an SBIRT-trained resident revealed recurrent weekend heavy episodic drinking with unprotected intercourse. The patient was treated with antibiotics and brief intervention. During the intervention, she demonstrated awareness of the link between heavy episodic drinking and PID. She reported high level of importance and readiness to decrease her drinking to prevent recurrences. She improved quickly and was discharged on hospital day three but failed to follow up. This case supports the following findings from the research literature: significant high rates of risky drinking among women, the link between alcohol consumption and high-risk health behaviors, the hesitancy of many women to disclose alcohol misuse, and the importance of linking alcohol misuse identified through brief intervention in primary care with alcohol-related consequences. Routine alcohol screening is indicated for all adult patients, and SBIRT training is an important element of primary-care residency training. Nonjudgmental alcohol screening identified binge drinking in a patient who previously denied it, helped the patient recognize the link between alcohol misuse and hospitalization, and enhanced the patient’s motivation to change. Effective SBIRT in such situations have the potential to prevent recurrent alcohol-related hospitalizations among at-risk drinkers.
The colours of nanometric gold-Optical response functions of selected gold-cluster thiolates

A set of broad-range NIR-vis-UV optical absorption spectra, measured for selected gold-cluster thiolate compounds (GCTs, containing ~20 to 300 Au atoms), is consistently displayed and then analyzed within the dielectric-functions approach. The size-evolution toward `bulk' (Au diameter >3-nm) optical response is thereby clearly demonstrated. The emergence of apparent energy gaps, Eon, for onset of optical absorption, as well as other fine-structure, is consistent with that of a well-quantized metallic electronic structure for the compounds' cores: the onset-band's location Eon and intensity are attributed semiclassically to a circulation-frequency resonance of the Fermi-level electrons. With decreasing cluster-size, an increasing fraction of the integrated (sum-rule) intensity is `missing' from the <4 eV region. This might be explained by the outermost layer consisting of Au(I)thiolate complexes.
In Vitro Growth of Acremonium coenophialum, an Endophyte of Toxic Tall Fescue Grass.

Acremonium coenophialum, an endophytic fungus present in toxic tall fescue grass and seed, grew very slowly or not at all with conventional media and cultural practices. However, a considerable increase in growth was achieved in a relatively dilute medium consisting solely of glucose and yeast extract. The optimal levels of glucose and yeast extract were 3 to 6% and 0.35% (wt/vol), respectively. The addition of salts which lowered the pH suppressed growth. Even when the pH was controlled, the addition of KH2PO4 at a level of 3.2% or more greatly inhibited growth. A. coenophialum grew better in shake culture than in stationary culture. The optimal temperature was 23°C, and the optimal pH was 6.5.
Automatic determination of scene changes in MPEG compressed video

This paper presents a peak-detection algorithm based on the median filter. When used with difference or correlation measures between contiguous video frames, this algorithm can determine significant peaks at "abrupt scene changes" in MPEG compressed video. Experimental data shows the algorithm is effective even for video with significant motion or sudden light changes such as in action movies, or sports video.
The Infinite Hierarchy of Elastic Shell Models: Some Recent Results and a Conjecture

We summarize some recent results of the authors and their collaborators, regarding the derivation of thin elastic shell models (for shells with mid-surface of arbitrary geometry) from the variational theory of 3d nonlinear elasticity. We also formulate a conjecture on the form and validity of infinitely many limiting 2d models, each corresponding to its proper scaling range of the body forces in terms of the shell thickness.
A wide-linear-range subthreshold CMOS transconductor employing the back-gate effect

We present a CMOS circuit that utilizes the back-gate effect to extend the linear range of a subthreshold MOS transconductor. Previous designs of wide-linear-range transconductors using bipolar transistors employed multiple differential pairs with input offset voltages used to shift the individual transfer functions. These voltages were chosen to maximize the linear range of the summed differential pair currents. Equivalent offset voltages were generated by sizing emitter areas appropriately. Similar techniques may be applied to MOS circuits by scaling W/L ratios, but transistor size increases exponentially as we extend the linear range by adding more differential pairs. We introduce a method of adding equivalent offset voltages by biasing the back gate (i.e., body) of well devices appropriately. Test circuits built in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process and using few transistors exhibit improved linear range over standard single-differential-pair transconductors.
Column-selection-enabled 8T SRAM array with

In this work, we propose a new multi-port 8T SRAM architecture suitable for DVFS enabled processors. With multi-way caches using 8T SRAM, write-back operations are required to support column selection. While conventional write-back schemes may not have the 1R/1W dual port advantage of 8T SRAM, our proposed local write-back scheme preserves both ports with only minimal limitations. Simulation results show significant IPC enhancements with the proposed cache. Implementation in 45nm technology demonstrates wide-range DVFS (from 120MHZ@0.48V to 710MHz@1V) for the proposed SRAM array.
Chromosomal Location of the tolG Locus for Tolerance to Bacteriocin JF246 in Escherichia coli K-12

Abstract The tolG gene is located between pyrD and fabA on the Escherichia coli chromosome.
Genetic basis for clinical expression in multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a clinically heterogeneous demyelinating disease and an important cause of acquired neurological disability. An underlying complex genetic susceptibility plays an important role in multiple sclerosis aetiology; however, the role of genetic factors in determining clinical features of multiple sclerosis is unknown. We studied 184 stringently ascertained Caucasian multiple sclerosis families with multiple affected cases. A detailed evaluation of patient histories identified clinical variables including age of onset, initial clinical manifestations and disease severity. The concordance within families for continuous and categorical clinical variables was investigated using an intraclass correlation or Cohen's kappa coefficient, respectively. Genetic analyses included model-dependent, model-independent and association methodology. Linear and logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR2 (DRB1*1501, DQB1*0602) on clinical outcome, taking account of correlation within families. Significant concordance for early clinical manifestations within families was observed for individuals with exclusive optic neuritis and/or spinal cord involvement as first and second multiple sclerosis attacks (P < 10(-6)). Linkage (LOD = 3.80, theta = 0.20) and association (P = 0.0002) to HLA-DR were present in the dataset; however, linkage was restricted to families in which the DR2 haplotype was present in at least one nuclear member. No evidence for linkage to HLA-DR in DR2-negative families was observed. When families were stratified by concordance of early clinical manifestations, a significant DR2 association was present in all subgroups. Concordance for early manifestations of multiple sclerosis was present in this familial dataset, but was not associated with HLA-DR2. The association of DR2 in families with different clinical presentations suggests that a common basis exists for susceptibility in multiple sclerosis. However, non-HLA genes or other epigenetic factors must modulate disease expression. Locus heterogeneity at the HLA region suggests a distinct immunopathogenesis in DR2 negative patients.
Desipramine selectively potentiates norepinephrine-elicited ERK1/2 activation through the α2A adrenergic receptor.

Abstract The precise physiological effects of antidepressant drugs, and in particular their actions at non-monoamine transporter targets, are largely unknown. We have recently identified the tricyclic antidepressant drug desipramine (DMI) as a direct ligand at the α2A adrenergic receptor (AR) without itself driving heterotrimeric G protein/downstream effector activation [5] . In this study, we report our novel finding that DMI modulates α2AAR signaling in response to the endogenous agonist norepinephrine (NE). DMI acted as a signaling potentiator, selectively enhancing NE-induced α2AAR-mediated ERK1/2 MAPK signaling. This potentiation of ERK1/2 activation was observed as an increase in NE response sensitivity and a prolongation of the activation kinetics. DMI in a physiologically relevant ratio with NE effectively turned on ERK1/2 signaling that is lacking in response to physiological NE alone. Further, the DMI-induced ERK1/2 potentiation relied on heterotrimeric Gi/o proteins and was arrestin-independent. This modulatory effect of DMI on NE signaling provides novel insight into the effects of this antidepressant drug on the noradrenergic system which it regulates, insight which enhances our understanding of the therapeutic mechanism for DMI.
The Impact of Ocean Initial Conditions on ENSO Forecasting with a Coupled Model

Abstract A coupled atmosphere–ocean GCM (general circulation model) has been developed for climate predictions on seasonal to interannual timescales. The atmosphere model is a global spectral GCM T30L18 and the ocean model is global on a 1° grid. Initial conditions for the atmosphere were obtained from National Meteorological Center (now known as the National Centers for Environmental Prediction) analyses, while those for the ocean came from three ocean data assimilation (DA) systems. One system is a four-dimensional DA scheme that uses conventional SST observations and vertical temperature profiles inserted into the ocean model and is forced from winds from an operational analysis. The other two initialization schemes are based on the coupled model, both nudging the surface temperature toward observed SSTs and one nudging surface winds from an operational analysis. All three systems were run from 1979 to 1988, saving the state of the ocean every month, thus initial conditions may be obtained for any mont...
Clearance of exogenous carnitine in bovine semen: Potential diagnosis of epididymal function and patency of the ductus deferens

Abstract Carnitine content in the ejaculate depends mainly on the capability of the epididymis wall to transfer carnitine from the blood and on the patency of ejaculatory ductus systems. An elevation of carnitine in semen subsequent to an intravenous injection of carnitine is expected. Intravenous injections of carnitine (L-isomer and DL-isomers) caused a significant (P Mean concentrations of carnitine in the electroejaculate (3.0 nmoles/ml) were significantly lower than in the ejaculate following natural mating (180 nmoles/ml). Vasectomy decreased net carnitine per ejaculate to about 1/5 the prevasectomy value, when ejaculate was collected following natural mating. However, vasectomy did not affect carnitine concentrations in semen collected by electroejaculation. Twenty-one percent of the carnitine in semen originated in the accessory glands and 79% in the epididymides. Carnitine in the electroejaculate was originated almost exclusively in the accessory glands. It was concluded that the diagnostic value of carnitine in semen is limited. Some considerations are: secretion of carnitine is not organ specific, there are large individual variations, there is a negative effect of electroejaculation, and a carnitine loading dose technique is not feasible. However, there is a diagnostic potential in using carnitine assay to detect epididymides occlusion, but only when ejaculate is collected by an artificial vagina.
Design of a Very Small, Inertially-Stabilized Optical Space Terminal

The potential of lasercom could often be much more attractive to system designers if the terminals could be made very small. In particular, in systems where one end of the link is allowed to be somewhat more capable than the other, the lesser of the two terminals could take advantage of the asymmetry and shrink as much as possible. We have investigated how such asymmetry factors into the requirements for a small terminal and have designed a terminal with a very small aperture (35-75 mm) and an inertial stabilization scheme. The space-worthy terminal has applicability to Moon-to-Earth as well as near-Earth lasercom missions.
Comparison between XAS, AWAXS and DAFS applied to nanometer scale supported metallic clusters : Part I monometallic clusters.

The structural information found using three techniques related to synchrotron radiation are compared. XAS (X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy), AWAXS (Anomalous Wide Angle X-ray Scattering) and DAFS (Diffraction Anomalous Fine Structure) are applied to nanometer scale metallic clusters.
Check samples for laboratory self-assessment in DNA flow cytometry. The National Cancer Institute's Flow Cytometry Network experience.

The National Cancer Institute’s Flow Cytometry Network (NCI-FCN) is attempting to facilitate the transfer of flow cytometry (FCM) of exfoliated bladder cells from the research laboratory to the clinical laboratory. Demonstrating interinstitutional consistency in FCM analysis of replicate specimens simulating clinical barbotage specimens, fixed to allow easy transporation and storage at room temperature was one specific objective. Simulated barbotage specimens were prepared by mixing cultured aneuploid bladder carcinoma cells with normal or mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in different ratios. The samples were fixed in 10% formalin for 30 minutes, stored in buffer, and enucleated with pepsin, pH 1.5, before staining with propidium iodide for FCM DNA analysis. Preservation in ethanol or other common DNA cytochemical reagents was found to be unsatisfactory. In contrast, the formalin-fixed samples showed excellent preservation of quantitative DNA fluorescence and coefficient of variation of histogram peaks for over 2 weeks. Exchange of eight fixed specimens among five network laboratories that analyzed them as “unknowns” showed good overall agreement on histogram data and interpretation, although some noteworthy interlaboratory differences were found. This technique could be used for selfassessment surveys of clinical laboratory performance in DNA FCM of bladder barbotage specimens. Cancer 63:1592-1599, 1989. HE ANALYSIS of cells exfoliated from the urinary T bladder by flow cytometry (FCM) holds considerable promise as a clinical tool for detecting tumor recurrence’*2 and monitoring therapy3 in patients with urinary bladder carcinoma. A major obstacle to wider acceptance of this technique, however, is the perception that there may be significant disagreement among different laboratories concerning the actual histogram data obtained from these specimens and the interpretation of those data to indicate the presence of tumor cells4 This perception is reinforced by significant differences in cytochemistry, instrumentation, data analysis, and quality control procedures ad
Forest stand dynamics and sudden oak death: Mortality in mixed-evergreen forests dominated by coast live oak

Abstract Sudden oak death (SOD), caused by the recently discovered non-native invasive pathogen, Phytophthora ramorum, has already killed tens of thousands of native coast live oak and tanoak trees in California. Little is known of potential short and long term impacts of this novel plant–pathogen interaction on forest structure and composition. Coast live oak (Quercus agrifolia) and bay laurel (Umbellularia californica) form mixed-evergreen forests along the northern California coast. This study measured tree mortality over a gradient of disease in three time periods. Direct measurements of current mortality were taken during 2004, representing a point-in-time estimate of present and ongoing mortality. Past stand conditions, c. 1994, were estimated using a stand reconstruction technique. Future stand conditions, c. 2014, were calculated by assuming that, given a lack of host resistance, live trees showing signs of the disease in 2004 would die. Results indicate that coast live oaks died at a rate of 4.4–5.5% year−1 between 1994 and 2004 in highly impacted sites, compared with a background rate of 0.49% year−1, a ten-fold increase in mortality. From 2004 to 2014, mortality rates in the same sites were 0.8–2.6% year−1. Over the entire period, in highly impacted sites, a 59–70% loss of coast live oak basal area was predicted, and coast live oak decreased from 60% to 40% of total stand basal area, while bay laurel increased from 22% to 37%. Future stand structures will likely have greater proportions of bay laurel relative to coast live oak.
Development of a Family of RF Helical Coil Applicators Which Produce Transversely Uniform Axially Distributed Heating in Cylindrical Fat-Muscle Phantoms

Uniform transverse heating, without excessive surface heating, in phantoms which simulate human limbs or trunks has long been sought after as a precursor for predictable hyperthermia treatment of deep-seated cancerous tissues. A family of helical coils developed at the National Center for Devices and Radiological Health has induced transversely uniform axially distributed heating in the muscle portion of simulated fat-muscle, cylindrical arm- and thigh-sized phantoms without excessively heating the simulated fat. The final design parameters for the coils were derived using different sized coil/phantom combinations and electric (E)-and magnetic (H)-field strength measurement scans. Transverse heating patterns, in the form of thermographic pictures, will be the principal format for presentation of the experimental data in this paper. Independent nonperturbing thermometry data are also included to enhance the accuracy of the thermographic results obtained.
Optical absorption and scattering of bovine cornea, lens, and retina in the near-infrared region

The optical properties of bovine ocular tissues have been determined at laser wavelengths in the near-infrared (NIR) region. The inverse adding doubling (IAD), Kubelka–Munk (KM), and inverse Monte Carlo (IMC) methods were applied to the measured values of the total diffuse transmission, total diffuse reflection, and collimated transmission to determine the optical absorption and scattering coefficients of the bovine cornea, lens and retina from 750 to 1,000 nm using a CW Ti:sapphire laser. The optical properties obtained from these three methods have been compared and are discussed.
The Role of the Federal District Courts in the Segregation Controversy

Q N MAY 17, 1954, when Chief Justice Warren delivered the opinion of the Court in the Brown case,1 segregation in the public schools was required by statute or constitution in seventeen states and the District of Columbia.2 When the schools opened in September of 'that year, only eight states were operating completely segregated school systems and upwards of 200,000 Negroes were attending desegregated schools for the first time in their lives.3 During the current school year, 1959-60, the sixth year of desegregation, only the states of Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi and South Carolina contain "racially pure" public school systems. And one might predict with reasonable certainty that by September of 1961 actions taken in Atlanta and New Orleans will have moved Georgia and Louisiana into the category of desegregated states. It would seem reasonable to conclude, after counting the desegregated states, that the transition from the old system to the new has been moving along quickly, if not always smoothly. The fact is, however, 'that reliance upon the unit of the state is a most misleading measure, the use of which produces a distorted picture. The school district appears to be a more accurate quantitative measure of the extent to which the desegregation decision has been implemented.4 The seventeen segregating states contain 8,692 school districts, of which 2,907 are bi-racial.5 Of the bi-racial dis-
On knowledge of finance

Abstract In financial economics, there is no external environment independent of the science of financial economics as there is for other sciences. Without such an external environment, it is not possible, even in principle, to determine the truth of a scientific statement. Truth is a matter of convention among financial economists and practitioners and not susceptible to independent determination. Without such an external environment, it is not possible to make progress in the sense of stating more or better truths. Unless there is some standard of reference, there are neither more nor better truths but merely different truths. This situation calls for changes in the way research in financial economics is done and in the way its results are interpreted for practitioners.
The Effect of Dietary Milk and Calcium on Experimental Colorectal Carcinogenesis

This investigation was based on an epidemiologic association of milk consumption and decreased intestinal cancer risk. Furthermore, there is also some indirect evidence that calcium supplementation in humans and animals may decrease colon cancer risk and that calcium, by inference, may be the protective factor in milk. In order to investigate these associations in a controlled laboratory setting, dietary supplementation of low fat dried milk (37 g/kg diet; N = 18) and calcium carbonate (40 mg/kg rat/day; N = 17) were compared separately to regular diet controls in the rat-dimethylhydrazine colon carcinogenesis model. The results of this investigation showed that neither milk-supplemented rats nor calcium carbonate-supplemented rats had fewer DMH-induced colorectal (P = .374) or total gastrointestinal tumors (P = .291) than did regular diet controls (N = 10; by analysis of variance [ANOVA]). Milk supplementation did result in a significant decrease in tumor burden when measured by incidence of metastases (P = .035) and of intestinal obstruction (P = .011; by chi-square test), when compared with calcium-supplemented and control rats. Though this implies that milk supplementation provides protection against some aspects of carcinogenesis of the colon, in rats fed low fat diets, this does not appear to be mediated through the calcium content of milk.
Recall of english function words and inflections by skilled and average deaf readers

This study examined whether skilled deaf readers sustain a more complete memory trace of English function words and inflections compared to average deaf readers and whether this is related to processing that has a phonological component. The superior accuracy of skilled readers on a verbatim recall task indicated that they are more able than average deaf readers to sustain a record of English function words and inflections. Elevations in processing time under the recall versus a comprehension condition were highly correlated with recall accuracy. On a separate task, the relative speed of skilled readers when making lexical decisions about phonologically similar word pairs indicated greater access to phonological information during word reading. However, the phonological facilitation measure did not correlate highly with recall accuracy nor increments in processing under the recall condition.
Inter-Eye Comparison of Patterns of Visual Field Loss in Patients With Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy

Purpose To compare inter-eye patterns of visual field (VF) loss on standard automated perimetry (SAP) in patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Design Observational cross-sectional study. Methods Four-hundred-and-ninety eyes of 245 patients with glaucomatous optic neuropathy in at least one eye defined by masked stereophoto review were included. Patients had two reliable SAP visual fields within fifteen months for each eye. Patterns of visual field loss were classified independently by two graders masked to all other patient information. Patterns were described as altitudinal, arcuate, partial arcuate, paracentral, nasal step, temporal wedge, or normal based on the classification system of Keltner and associates. Superior and inferior hemifields were graded separately. Results Inter-grader agreement in visual field patterns before adjudication was 97% and 94% for the worse eye (superior and inferior hemifield) and 97% and 95% for the better eye (superior and inferior hemifield). The percentage of correspondence by hemifield location was: 53% (superior-superior), 62% (inferior-inferior), 45% (superior-inferior), and 55% (inferior-superior). The highest correspondence of individual glaucomatous VF pattern between eyes was for arcuate (superior-superior) and inferior partial arcuate (inferior-inferior) defects (24% and 26%, respectively). Smaller hemifield patterns showed lower correspondence between the eyes (nasal step, paracentral, temporal wedge, 0% to 13% correspondence). Conclusions Patterns of visual field loss between eyes often corresponded within the same VF hemifield (superior-superior, inferior-inferior) as well as between opposite hemifields (inferior-superior), although opposite hemifield correspondence was less common. More advanced visual field defects (for example, partial arcuate) showed higher correspondence rates between the eyes than less advanced defects.
Analytical model for excess Gibbs energy of nonspecific liquid metal interactions

A physical model for the very strong intermolecular forces in liquid metal mixtures is proposed, involving the combined effects of ion-ion, ion-electron, and electron-electron interactions plus the charge density effects on the electron kinetic energy. The resulting excess Gibbs energy expression contains a single cross-energy parameter which must be evaluated either from the eutectic point or from one mixture datum. The applicability of the model is limited to systems without strong specific solvation, but it does effectively predict both negative and positive deviations from Raoult's law, including the asymmetry arising from size differences. Applications are shown for vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid and solid-liquid equilibria.
Mechanically Driven Activation of Polyaniline into Its Conductive Form

Mechanical treatment of polymers produces surface cations and anions which, as demonstrated here for the first time, can drive chemical reactions. In particular, it is shown that such a mechanical treatment transforms nonconductive polyaniline into its conductive form. These results provide a mechanical means of patterning conductive polymers and also coating small polymer objects with conductive polyaniline films preventing accumulation of static electricity.
Endoscopic treatment of prepatellar bursitis.

Operative treatment of prepatellar bursitis is indicated in intractable bursitis. The most common complication of surgical treatment for prepatellar bursitis is skin problems. For traumatic prepatellar bursitis, we propose a protocol of outpatient endoscopic surgery under local anaesthesia. From September 1996 to February 2001, 60 cases of failed nonoperative treatment for prepatellar bursitis were included. The average age was 33.5 ± 11.1 years (range 21–55). The average operation duration was 18 minutes. Two to three mini-arthroscopic portals were used in our series. No sutures or a simple suture was needed for the portals after operation. After follow-up for an average of 36.3 months, all patients are were symptom-free and had regained knee function. None of the population had local tenderness or hypo-aesthesia around their wound. Their radiographic and sonographic examinations showed no recurrence of bursitis. Outpatient arthroscopic bursectomy under local anaesthesia is an effective procedure for the treatment of post-traumatic prepatellar bursitis after failed conservative treatments. Both the cosmetic results and functional results were satisfactory.
High-Frequency AlN-on-Silicon Resonant Square Gyroscopes

This letter reports, for the first time, on a high-frequency resonant square micro-gyroscope using piezoelectric transduction. Degenerate pairs of orthogonal flexural resonance modes are used to provide energy exchange paths for the Coriolis-based resonant gyroscope in response to z-axis rotation. Aluminum nitride thin films have been used to provide highly efficient electromechanical transduction for drive and sense modes without requiring any dc polarization voltage for operation. A proof-of-concept design consisting of a 300 μm× 300 μm square gyro shows linear rate sensitivity of 20.38 μV/°/s when operating in its first flexural mode at ~ 11 MHz.
Biological stress responses in high and low trait anxious students

Abstract In an investigation of biological indicators of stress in normal humans, undergraduate psychology students were differentiated on trait anxiety and assessed under baseline, preexam (stress), and postexam conditions. Assessment at each condition involved drawing 20 ml of blood, followed by self-reporting for selected questionnaires. Self-reports included state anxiety, general psychological symptomatology, dysfunctional attitudes, academic confidence, sleep patterns, and intake of drugs, including alcohol and caffeine. Blood was analyzed for whole blood serotonin content, plasma MHPG, and platelet imipramine binding. Baseline differences between high and low trait anxious students on biological measures were significant only for whole blood serotonin content. Variation across situational conditions was significant for whole blood serotonin, with an increase under the stressful condition for both anxiety groups. Thus, serotonin is highlighted as an important factor in the human response to stress, whereas expected differences in MHPG were not observed. The serotonergic response to stress was not explained by changes in psychological or physical state variables. Changes in serotonin content were positively correlated with changes in platelet impramine binding.
Treatment of size-dependent aerosol transport processes using quadrature based moment methods

Abstract The use of moment methods for simulation of aerosol settling and diffusion phenomena in which the settling velocity and diffusion coefficient are functions of the size of the particles leads to difficult computational problems, especially if the moment equations need to be closed. In this study, a simple one dimensional problem of aerosol diffusion and gravitational settling is carried out using quadrature method of moments (QMOM) and the direct quadrature method of moments (DQMOM). Analytical solutions can be obtained for the number density function, and issues related to the integration of the solutions to get the moments are discussed. Comparison of the solutions of the moment equations to the moments obtained from the analytical solutions reveals that solutions depend on the initial choice of moments. Results also indicate that the proper choice of moments of the initial number density function may be a significant factor in obtaining more accurate solutions from QMOM or DQMOM.
Use of human judgment models in industrial buyers' vendor selection decisions

Abstract In this study methods are examined by which industrial buyers combine and utilize complex multiattribute evaluative information in making vendor selection decisions, with a focus on the buyers' utilization of the basic models of human judgment. The study reports the method and results of an empirical study involving a nationwide random sample of industrial buyers that suggests that the traditional linear model of choice is not necessarily the one buyers utilize in all vendor selection decisions. Implications for industrial buyers, industrial marketers, and researchers are included.
Induction of estrogen and progesterone receptors and decidualization in the hamster uterus by cholera toxin.

Cholera toxin (CT) injected ip on day 1 (day of ovulation) of the 4-day hamster estrous cycle, when circulatory progesterone is high and estrogen low, induced a massive uterine decidual reaction, a progesterone-dependent growth normally triggered by the implanting blastocyst. However, CT injected ip on day 3, when circulatory estrogen is high and progesterone low, did not induce a decidual reaction but, instead, intensified the effects of estrogen (stromal edema and stimulation of the mucosa). These cycle day effects were reproduced in one uterine horn injected intraluminally with CT, but not in the other horn of the same animal given solvent alone as a control. The intrauterine injection of CT had no effect on the concentration of serum estrogen or progesterone. The decidual reaction resulting from intrauterine injection of CT on day 1 was accompanied by increases in estrogen receptor (femtomoles per mg DNA) in both cytoplasm and nucleus. In long term ovariectomized hamsters, an ip or intrauterine inject...
CHANGES IN THE FREE FATTY ACID AND AMMONIA CONTENT OF BEEF DURING AGING AND PROCESSING

This study was to evaluate the effect of equal Fo's at 104.4°, 115.6°, and 126.7°C on the free fatty acid and ammonia of aged and nonaged beef. The process of 126.7°C of the 5-day product resulted in a significantly lower free fatty acid. Processing reduced free fatty acids in the 1-day product. There was no significant difference in free fatty acid due to age between the 1- and 5-day products except for the 104.4°C process. The ammonia-in-water extracts of beef were not significantly different among the control and the processes. The longer process at 104.4°C resulted in significantly higher ammonia in the cooked beef extract.
Superconducting devices for digital systems

The performance of digital electronic systems constructed from semiconductor components will be limited by power dissipation, high electric field effects, and interconnection resistance. The low voltages and power dissipation and the vanishing resistance made available by superconducting electronics relieve these problems. The ability of semiconductor devices and superconductors to satisfy the requirements of digital electronics are compared in terms of many specific features. Advantages of the low temperature environment that are independent of the device employed are also described.
Helium-3 diffusion MR imaging of the human lung over multiple time scales.

Rationale and Objectives Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with hyperpolarized 3 He gas is a powerful technique for probing the characteristics of the lung microstructure. A key parameter for this technique is the diffusion time, which is the period during which the atoms are allowed to diffuse within the lung for measurement of the signal attenuation. The relationship between diffusion time and the length scales that can be explored is discussed, and representative, preliminary results are presented from ongoing studies of the human lung for diffusion times ranging from milliseconds to several seconds. Materials and Methods 3 He diffusion MRI of the human lung was performed on a 1.5T Siemens Sonata scanner. Using gradient echo-based and stimulated echo-based techniques for short and medium-to-long diffusion times, respectively, measurements were performed for times ranging from 2 milliseconds to 6.5 seconds in two healthy subjects, a subject with subclinical chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and a subject with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Results In healthy subjects, the apparent diffusion coefficient decreased by about 10-fold, from approximately 0.2 to 0.02 cm 2 /second, as the diffusion time increased from approximately 1 millisecond to 1 second. Results in subjects with disease suggest that measurements made at diffusion times substantially longer than 1 millisecond may provide improved sensitivity for detecting certain pathologic changes in the lung microstructure. Conclusions With appropriately designed pulse sequences it is possible to explore the diffusion of hyperpolarized 3 He in the human lung over more than a 1,000-fold variation of the diffusion time. Such measurements provide a new opportunity for exploring and characterizing the microstructure of the healthy and diseased lung.
The Dubins Traveling Salesperson Problem With Stochastic Dynamics

Motivated by applications in which a nonholonomic robotic vehicle should sequentially hit a series of waypoints in the presence of stochastic drift, we formulate a new version of the Dubins vehicle traveling salesperson problem. In our approach, we first compute the minimum expected time feedback control to hit one waypoint based on the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. Next, minimum expected times associated with the control are used to construct a traveling salesperson problem based on a waypoint hitting angle discretization. We provide numerical results illustrating our solution and analyze how the stochastic drift affects the solution.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Synthesis and Characterization of a Cu14 Hydride Cluster Supported by Neutral Donor Ligands

The copper hydride clusters [Cu14 H12 (phen)6(PPh3)4][X]2 (X=Cl or OTf; OTf=trifluoromethanesulfonate, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) are obtained in good yields by the reaction of [(Ph3P)CuH]6 with phen, in the presence of a halide or pseudohalide source. The complex [Cu14H12 (phen)6(PPh3)4][Cl]2 reacts with CO2 in CH2Cl2 , in the presence of excess Ph3 P, to form the formate complex [(Ph3P)2Cu(κ(2)-O2CH)], along with [(phen)(Ph3 P)CuCl].
Relationship between funding sources and outcomes of obesity-related research

This study examined the relationship between funding sources and the outcomes of published obesity-related research. A list of funded projects for human nutrition research linking food intake to obesity in 2001-2005 was drawn from two distinct sources: (a) the federal government's semi-public generic commodity promotion or "checkoff" programs for Fluid Milk and Dairy and (b) the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The Principal Investigator for each funded project was determined. Published literature by that individual was located using an Ovid MEDLINE and PubMed author search. All articles related to both dairy and obesity were included. Financial sponsorship for each article and article conclusions were classified by independent groups of co-investigators. Seventy-nine relevant articles were included in the study. Of these, 62 were sponsored by the checkoff programs and 17 by the NIH. The study did not find consistent evidence that checkoff-funded projects were more likely to support an obesity prevention benefit from dairy consumption. The study did identify a new research methodology for the investigation of bias by source of sponsorship.
Great apes imitate actions of others and effects of others' actions

Apes imitate the effects of others' actions, but the evidence for program-level imitation seems contradictory and the evidence against bodily imitation and trial and error in learning the organization of complex activities seems ambiguous. Action-level imitations are more flexible than described and may derive from imitation of the effects of others' actions on objects.
Proceedings Fourth International Workshop on Linearity

This volume contains the papers presented at LINEARITY 2014, the Third International Workshop on Linearity, held on July 13, 2014 in Vienna, Austria. The workshop was a one-day satellite event of FLoC 2014, the sixth Federated Logic Conference. It was held as part of the 2014 Vienna Summer of Logic. The aim of this workshop was to bring together researchers who are exploring theory and applications of linear calculi, to foster their interaction and provide a forum for presenting new ideas and work in progress, and enable newcomers to learn about current activities in this area. Of interest were new results that made a central use of linearity, ranging from foundational work to applications in any field. This included: sub-linear logics, linear term calculi, linear type systems, linear proof-theory, linear programming languages, applications to concurrency, interaction-based systems, verification of linear systems, quantum models of computation, and biological and chemical models of computation.
A study of flame spread over alcohols using holographic interferometry

Abstract This study was undertaken as an effort to improve our understanding of the flame spread mechanism over subflash-point liquids. Studies of flame spread over liquids are of interest due to our fundamental curiosity about its mechanism and practical concern about accidental occurrence of fires on liquid fuels. A holographic interferometry technique was applied to obtain detailed temperature profiles in the liquid phase for pulsating and uniform spread over liquids with subflash point. Subsurface liquid convection motion, which is composed of two different circulation zones, was found in the liquid phase for both pulsating and uniform spread regions. In the uniform region, energy balance calculations are made for the liquid phase from the obtained interferograms. The calculation confirms that the flame spread is governed by the convective heat carried by subsurface liquid convection. In addition, the flame spread behavior was recorded by a video camera. The spread rate and pulsation frequency were then deduced.
The physician-scientist. A vanishing oxymoron?

Galworthy observed, "The beginnings and endings of all human undertakings are untidy, the building of a house, the writing of a novel, the demolition of a bridge, and eminently, the finish of a voyage." If the articles in this series, "Bridging the Laboratory and Clinic," merely stopped, with a whimper instead of a bang (albeit a small bang), it would be unfair to you, the reader, and to those individuals who have commented, usually in the dark corner of a bar at meetings, kindly on this series. As I bring this series of articles to a completion, and not a demolition, I am forced to ponder on the original goals of these articles; whether those goals were indeed appropriate; whether those goals have been reached because of, in spite of, or independent of these articles; and whether and how the world of the clinic and laboratory has evolved since the