cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Fourier coefficient functions and their spectral densities for \gf-mixing almost periodically correlated processes☆

Abstract The correlation function of an almost periodically correlated process X(t) has the Fourier series R(t + τ, t) ∼ ΣλkϵΛaλk(τ) exp(iλkt). If X(t) is \gf-mixing, we show for any known λk that the natural estimator for aλk(τ) and the kernel estimator for its spectral density gλk(γ) are consistent in quadratic mean.
Heat shock proteins in multiple sclerosis and other autoimmune diseases

Because of the abundance of the highly conserved heat shock proteins (hsp) in microbial pathogens and in mammalian cells, hsps have been considered candidates as target antigens in autoimmune disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Consequently, this workshop examined the current understanding of the biology of hsps and discussed the evidence that they may contribute to autoimmune disease processes. This article reports the outcome of the discussion.
Characterization of a G-protein from the mandibular organ of the lobster Homarus americanus (Nephropidae, Decapoda)

1. 1. GTP-binding activity was found in both calf brain and male lobster mandibular organ (MO). There was approximately two to three times as much binding in the calf brain. 2. 2. The GTP-binding activity could be extracted from the calf brain with sodium cholate, but not from the MOs. 3. 3. Using ADP-ribosylation catalyzed by pertussis toxin, GTP-binding was shown to be the result of the presence of a G-protein. In the lobster MO the G-protein α subunit has a molecular weight of about 42 kDa and may be of the Go or Gi varieties.
LXII Edward Jackson lecture: open angle glaucoma after vitrectomy.

Purpose To present data and an hypothesis for the late development of open angle glaucoma (OAG) after vitrectomy. Design A retrospective observational case series. Methods The records of 453 eyes that had undergone vitrectomy were reviewed for postoperative OAG. Eyes with confounding factors were excluded. Sixty-eight eyes of 65 patients that underwent routine vitrectomy were followed for a mean of 56.9 months (range, seven to 192 months). For the main outcome measures, patients were classified into three groups: patients with suspected glaucoma, patients in whom glaucoma developed after the operation, and patients with pre-existing glaucoma. Results In glaucoma suspects, the mean intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the operated eye compared with the fellow eye ( P = .0001). In eyes with new onset glaucoma, 23 of 34 eyes (67.6%) had it in the vitrectomized eye only. In phakic eyes, the time interval between vitrectomy and the development of glaucoma (mean, 45.95 months) was significantly longer than eyes that were nonphakic at the time of vitrectomy (mean, 18.39 months; P = .0115). When the interval between cataract surgery in phakic eyes to the development of glaucoma was compared with the interval from vitrectomy to glaucoma diagnosis in the nonphakic group, the difference was not statistically significant. In eyes with glaucoma before the operation, the mean number of antiglaucoma medications that were required to control the intraocular pressure was significantly higher in the vitrectomized eye, compared with the fellow eye (2.9 medications ± 1.2 vs 2.0 medications ± 1.4; P = .0215; n=14). Conclusion There is an increased risk of OAG after vitrectomy. The presence of the lens may be protective. In established OAG before the operation, the number of antiglaucoma medications may increase after surgery. Oxidative stress is hypothesized to have a role in the pathogenesis.
Sliding clamps: a (tail)ored fit.

Abstract New structural information on the architecture of a DNA replisome provides insights into a number of DNA metabolic processes and their modulation by circular ‘sliding clamps', which form rings around DNA that play an important role in processive processes such as replication.
Potential significance of land-sea distribution and surface albedo variations as a climatic forcing factor; 180 m.y. to the present

Abstract The changing distribution and dimensions of continents and the eustatic fluctuations of sea level throughout geologic time have affected the heat balance of the surface of the earth by modifying the surface albedo with respect to the latitudinal imbalance of incoming solar radiation and by modifying the heat transport in the oceans and atmosphere. The results of simple climate models suggest that small variations in the radiation balance result in dramatic climatic changes. An important aspect of the radiation balance is the variation in surface albedo with respect to latitude. We measure the reconstructed land area in 10° latitude belts for the total globe at 20 m.y. intervals, from 180 m.y. to the present, based on plate-tectonic models which include paleogeography. Surface albedo variations are calculated from average land, sea and ice values. These calculations suggest that sea-level fluctuations are potentially the most important factor from the standpoint of the surface energy budget. The area of high-latitude land is less significant. Major changes occur in the relative area of land in desert regions. The high lbedo of these regions suggests that deserts have an important influence on global cooling trends.
HgCdTe infrared detectors and focal plane arrays

Recent advances in the areas of Mercury Cadmium Telluride (HgCdTe) material growth, detector array fabrication and Read Out Integrated Circuit (ROIC) design and fabrication have led to the demonstration of high resolution, low noise and large format reliable hybrid Infrared Focal Plane Arrays (IRFPAs). MBE HgCdTe based p-on-n planar heterostructure device fabrication has emerged as a viable technology for manufacturing high performance IRFPAs. Device quality MBE material is being grown routinely for applications in the 1-16 /spl mu/m spectral region. Excellent control of the composition, growth rate, layer thickness, doping concentration, dislocation density and transport characteristics has been demonstrated with a significant database. Control and flexibility of the MBE process have been proven by growing low defect density HgCdTe layers with varying bandgaps (SWIR, MWIR, MLWIR, LWIR and VLWIR), double and multiple layers, and structures that incorporate in situ grown CdTe passivation. A wide variety of submicron CMOS-based multiplexers have been designed, enabling fabrication of high performance advanced focal plane arrays with ultra-low read noise. Hybrid focal plane arrays, formed by cold welding of indium columns deposited on the detector and the ROIC, have been fabricated to suit a broad range of military, civilian and scientific applications. High performance HgCdTe/CdZnTe 256/spl times/256 and 640/spl times/480 focal plane arrays operating over a broad range of wavelengths, temperatures, and background radiation flux, have been produced. To mitigate issues associated with the thermal expansion coefficient mismatch between Si ROIC and CdZnTe substrate, growth of HgCdTe on alternate substrates such as Si and sapphire has been developed. This led to the demonstration of large (1024/spl times/1024) SWIR and MWIR HgCdTe FPAs. 2048/spl times/2048 FPAs are under development. Simultaneous two-color IR imaging has been proven feasible, using MBE in situ grown multilayer structures. This paper provides an overview of the status of HgCdTe materials, detectors and FPA technologies at Rockwell Science Center.
REVISION OF PALMORE'S SECOND FACTS ON AGING QUIZ FROM A TRUE‐FALSE TO A MULTIPLE‐CHOICE FORMAT

A study was undertaken to develop for the first time a multiple‐choice version of one of Palmore's true‐false tests on aging knowledge. We were interested in comparing the two formats of the second Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ2; Palmore, 1981) to determine whether educational measurement improved with a change in format. The multiple‐choice version was administered to 195 introductory sociology students, and the standard true‐false version was given to a second group of 180 introductory sociology students. Compared with the true‐false version, the multiple‐choice version (a) showed a substantial decrease in guessing and thus increased the likelihood that a score was an accurate reflection o respondent's knowledge, (b) had greater internal consistency and reliability, (c) showed a trend toward higher discriminatory power, and (d) identified more specifically some misconceptions about aging.
Representations and parameter identification of multi-output linear systems

This paper examines the implications of the hypothesis that a physical process can be modeled by a system of the form (C,A + KC,B) where (C,A) is an observable pair and K and B are parameters to be identified. The hypothesis leads directly to a linear equation relating K,B and a model's state to quantities computable from measured data. The findings of [2-4] are extended by showing that K,B and a model's state can be asymptotically estimated using a dynamic identifier. By relaxing the preceding hypothesis it is shown that these results also apply to more general classes of models.
Ethical issues of perinatal human gene therapy.

This paper examines some key ethical issues raised by trials of human gene therapy in the perinatal period--i.e., in infants, young children, and the human fetus. It describes five resources in ethics for researchers' considerations prior to such trials: (1) the history of ethical debate about gene therapy, (2) a literature on the relevance of major ethical principles for clinical research, (3) a body of widely accepted norms and practices, (4) knowledge of paradigm cases, and (5) researchers' own professional integrity. The paper also examines ethical concerns that must be met prior to any trial: benefits to and safety of subjects, informed assent of children and informed parental permission, informed consent of pregnant women in fetal gene therapy, protection of privacy, and concerns about fairness in the selection of subjects. The paper criticizes the position that cases of fetal gene therapy should be restricted only to those where the pregnant woman has explicitly refused abortion. Additional topics include concerns about genetic enhancement and germ-line gene therapy.
Probing the microscopic hydrophobicity of smectite surfaces. A vibrational spectroscopic study of dibenzo-p-dioxin sorption to smectite.

The interaction of dibenzo-p-dioxin (DD), from aqueous suspension, with smectite was investigated using in situ vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman), structural and batch sorption techniques. Batch sorption isotherms were integrated with in situ attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR and Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Sorption isotherms revealed that the affinity of DD for smectite in aqueous suspension was strongly influenced both by the type of smectite and by the nature of the exchangeable cation. Cs-saponite showed a much higher affinity over Rb-, K- and Na-exchange saponites. In addition, DD sorption was found to depend on clay type with DD showing a high affinity for the tetrahedrally substituted trioctahedral saponite over SWy-2 and Upton montmorillonites. A structural model is introduced to account for the influence of clay type. Raman and FTIR data provided complementary molecular-level insight into the sorption mechanisms. In the case of Cs-saponite, the selection rules of DD based on D2h symmetry were broken indicating a site-specific interaction between DD and intercalated Cs+ ions in the interlayer of the clay. Polarized in situ ATR-FTIR spectra revealed that the molecular plane of sorbed DD was tilted with respect to the clay surface which was consistent with a d-spacing of 1.49 nm. Finally, cation-induced changes in both the skeletal ring vibrations and the asymmetric C–O–C stretching vibrations provided evidence for site specific interactions between the DD and exchangeable cations in the clay interlayer. Together, the combined macroscopic and spectroscopic data show a surprising link between a hydrophilic material and a planar hydrophobic aromatic hydrocarbon.
Orchestrating concurrency in robot swarms

A functional approach to programming robot swarms brings with it well-defined properties that allow for automated concurrency and distributed execution. Further, the particular expressiveness of a pure functional language with first-class closures captures so cleanly certain biologically-inspired behaviors that program specification often becomes compact enough to allow a programmer to visually inspect the program code for the entire swarm at once. This benefit comes in contrast to more piece-meal construction methods used to build-up robot software from discrete components. While such programming models capture the engineered structure of a robotic system, the dynamic, decentralized qualities sought after in robot swarms are well-matched by the idioms of functional concurrent programming.
Translating evidence-based guidelines into performance measures for venous thromboembolism and acute coronary syndrome.

Purpose. The evolution of evidence-based quality measures in healthcare, specific performance measures that have been developed by various groups for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE), the objectives and potential benefits of a national quality improvement initiative designed to improve the care of high-risk patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the reporting of performance data to the public to guide consumer choice, and the recent growth in pay-for-performance programs are described. Summary. Efforts to develop evidence-based quality measures began in the mid to late 1990s and have led to the creation of various safe practices, indicators, standards, and quality measures and initiatives. The prevention and treatment of VTE and the management of ACS have been the focus of some of these initiatives. Reporting of data for two surgery-related VTE process measures to the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services began January 1, 2007, and two additional measures may be used in the future. The Joint Commission and National Quality Forum have proposed eight core measures for the prevention and care of VTE that could eventually be used in hospital accreditation decisions. A national quality improvement initiative, CRUSADE, provides participating hospitals with feedback about performance in caring for high-risk patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS. Reporting of performance data to the public facilitates healthcare decision making by consumers. The use of pay-for-performance programs that provide incentives and rewards for meeting quality goals has grown rapidly in recent years. Conclusion. The various initiatives under way using evidence-based performance measures to evaluate quality of care for VTE and ACS have the potential to improve patient outcomes.
A thin‐film silicon solar cell and module

We have developed a new light-trapping scheme for a thin-film Si stacked module (Si HYBRID PULS module), where a (a-Si:H/transparent interlayer/microcrystalline Si) thin-film was integrated into a large-area solar cell module. An initial aperture efficiency of 13.1% has been achieved for a 910 × 455mm Si HYBRID PLUS module, which was independently confirmed by AIST. This is the first report of the independently confirmed efficiency of a large-area thin-film Si module with an interlayer. The 19% increase of short-circuit current of this module was obtained by the introduction of a transparent interlayer that caused internal light-trapping. A minimodule was shown to exhibit a stabilized efficiency of 12%. Outdoor performance of a Si HYBRID (a-Si:H / micro-crystalline Si stacked) solar cell module has been investigated for over 4 years with two different kinds of module (top and bottom cell limited, respectively). The HYBRID modules limited by the top cell have exhibited a more efficient performance than the modules limited by the bottom cell, in natural sunlight at noon.
Surgical stapler-associated fatalities and adverse events reported to the Food and Drug Administration.

BACKGROUND: Use of stapling devices has become standard practice in many operations, and these devices have many applications, including ligation and division, resection, anastomosis, and fascial closure. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates surgical staplers as a medical device. Manufacturers and health-care providers report adverse events occurring during the use of surgical staplers to the FDA. STUDY DESIGN: Two FDA adverse event databases, the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database and the Alternative Summary Reporting database were searched for adverse events related to the use of surgical staplers. An FDA recall database, Oracle System Center Automated Retrieval, was searched for surgical stapler recalls and the reason for these recalls. RESULTS: We characterized adverse events from 112 death, 2,180 injury, and 22,804 malfunction reports from FDA adverse event databases. We described 22 recalls for these products that are listed in an FDA database. A majority of these recalls were related to manufacturing or design problems. CONCLUSIONS: The overall incidence of these events remains unknown; because these products are used so frequently, even uncommon adverse events may affect many patients. It is important for health-care providers to report adverse events to manufacturers so that they may work to improve the design of these devices and reduce use errors that contribute to the events.
Repression of the herpes simplex virus 1 alpha 4 gene by its gene product (ICP4) within the context of the viral genome is conditioned by the distance and stereoaxial alignment of the ICP4 DNA binding site relative to the TATA box.

Infected cell protein no. 4 (ICP4), the major regulatory protein encoded by the alpha 4 gene of herpes simplex virus 1, binds to a site (alpha 4-2) at the transcription initiation site of the alpha 4 gene. An earlier report described the construction of recombinant viruses that contained chimeric genes (alpha 4-tk) that consisted of the 5' untranscribed and transcribed noncoding domains of the alpha 4 gene fused to the coding sequences of the thymidine kinase gene and showed that disruption of the alpha 4-2 binding site by mutagenesis derepressed transcription of this gene (N. Michael and B. Roizman, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:2286-2290, 1993). This experimental design was used to determine the effect of displacement of the alpha 4-2 binding site on the repression of alpha 4 gene transcription by ICP4. We report the following findings. (i) In the absence of the alpha 4-2 binding site, at 4 h after infection, alpha 4-tk RNA levels increased 10-fold relative to the corresponding RNA levels of a gene that contained the alpha 4-2 site at its natural location. Displacement of the alpha 4-2 binding site by approximately one, two, and three turns of the DNA helix, i.e., by 10, 21, and 30 nucleotides downstream of the original site, increased the concentration of alpha 4-tk RNA 2.4-, 3.5-, and 5.8-fold, respectively. (ii) Displacement of 16 nucleotides, i.e., approximately 1.5 helical turns, increased the accumulation of alpha 4-tk by 5.3-fold, i.e., more than predicted by displacement alone. (iii) At 8 h after infection in the absence of the binding site, the accumulation of alpha 4-tk RNA increased 13.6-fold. However, in cells infected with recombinants that carried displaced alpha 4-2 binding sites, RNA accumulation decreased relative to the levels seen at 4 h after infection. The insertion of DNA sequences in order to displace the alpha 4-2 binding site had no effect on accumulation of RNA in the presence of cycloheximide, i.e., in the absence of ICP4, or on maximum accumulation of alpha 4-tk RNA in the absence of the alpha 4-2 binding site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Brownian Adhesive Dynamics (BRAD) for Simulating the Receptor-Mediated Binding of Viruses

Current viral docking models have relied upon the assumption that bond formation and breakage are independent of viral and docking surface geometry, as well as the forces exerted on the bonds. This assumption, known as the equivalent site hypothesis (ESH), is examined in detail using a newly developed simulation technique—Brownian adhesive dynamics (BRAD). The simulation couples the thermal motion of viral particles with adhesive dynamics models to characterize the effect of bonding on viral motion. We use the binding of HIV-like particles to CD4 expressing cells as a model system to illustrate the utility of BRAD. Comparison of the transition rates between bound states predicted by ESH and the rates resulting from BRAD simulations show dramatic differences; at values of the equilibrium crosslinking constant, KxRT, where ESH suggests all virus adhesion proteins will be bound (KxRT = 106), BRAD predicts not all virus adhesion proteins will be bound. At values of the equilibrium crosslinking constant used in typical ESH calculations of virus docking (KxRT = 1) we find BRAD simulations predict no binding. The mean bond density from BRAD models is often much lower than that predicted by ESH for equivalent parameter values. BRAD suggests that the viruses are much less well bound than ESH predicts. The differences suggest that binding models for viruses need to be reexamined closely. BRAD is a simulation technique that will be useful for quantifying the receptor-mediated binding of a wide variety of viruses to cells.
Stimuli-responsive behavior of composites integrating thermo-responsive gels with photo-responsive fibers

Materials that could be reconfigured multiple times into different shapes with the use of different stimuli could dramatically impact manufacturing processes. As a step toward creating such useful, adaptive materials, we use computational modeling to design a composite that integrates a thermo-responsive polymer gel and photosensitive fibers. The gel displays a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and thus, shrinks at elevated temperatures. The elastic fibers are functionalized with spirobenzopyran (SP) chromophores, which become hydrophobic under blue light. If these chromophores are uniformly distributed in this LCST gel (without the embedded fibers), then both light and heat produce the same effect on the sample, causing the gel to undergo a uniform collapse. When the SP-functionalization is confined to fibers that are embedded in the gel, the material displays distinctly different behavior in the presence of light and heat. In particular, samples anchored to a surface bend in one direction when illuminated and in the opposite direction when heated. When the sample is detached from the surface, then the composites shrink like an accordion when heated and bend like a caterpillar when illuminated. Common to both the tethered and untethered samples, one material displays a distinct response to the different stimuli. Hence, our findings indicate how a given sample can be fashioned into different shapes through the use of separate stimuli. Overall, our results point to a robust method for controllably reconfiguring the morphology of compliant composites and amplifying the effects of external environmental cues (light or temperature) on the behavior of these systems.
Effect of different disturbance regimen on seminatural grasslands from the subhumid pampa

Summary Different defoliation regimens were applied to plots established on a previously overgrazed grassland. Plots corresponding to the DI treatment were defoliated once in 5 years, DII plots 12 times and DIII ones, 20 times. Specific frequence was recorded twice a year, early spring and summer. Community structure during summer was more influenced by water availability than by defoliation regimen, meanwhile during the spring, it was determined mainly by the disturbance frequency. DII and DIII showed small changes, attributed to the change in the nature of the disturbance they were subject to (i.e. from year round continuous cattle grazing to periodical mechanical defoliations). In DI successional changes took place due to the low frequency of disturbances. Relative frequency of dicots diminished, native grasses became dominant, and species richness diminished.
Trends in Live-Bed Pier Scour at Selected Bridges in South Carolina

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Transportation, used ground-penetrating radar to collect measurements of live-bed pier scour at 78 bridges in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain physiographic provinces of South Carolina. The 141 measurements of live-bed pier-scour depth ranged from 0.5 to 5.1 meters. Using hydraulic data estimated with a one-dimensional flow model, predicted live-bed scour depths were computed with scour equations from the Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 and compared with measured scour. This comparison indicated that predicted pier-scour depths generally exceeded the measured pier-scour depths. At times, predicted pier-scour depths were excessive with overpredictions as large as 7.0 meters. Relations in the live-bed pier-scour data also were investigated, leading to the development of an envelope curve for assessing the upper-bound of live-bed pier scour using pier width as the primary explanatory variable. The envelope curve developed with the field data has limitations, but it can be used as a supplementary tool for assessing the potential for live-bed pier scour in South Carolina. This paper will present findings related to the field investigation of live-bed pier scour. A companion paper presents findings related to live-bed contraction scour that was studied during the same field investigation.
Legible Identities and Legitimate Citizens

The article analyzes how conjunctures between Indian activism for gender/sexual rights, the governmental state and transnational developmental agencies create bounded and exclusionary rubrics of gender and sexual identification. I argue that such institutional linkages serve to consolidate rubrics of legible identification that legitimize certain forms of gender/sexual difference for inclusion within developmental programs and citizenship, while other forms of subjecthood and community formation are rendered unintelligible or illegitimate. Drawing from ethnographic research conducted in eastern India between 2007 and 2012, the article focuses on male-assigned gender variant same-sex desiring subjects and their interpellation within identitarian categories like transgender and MSM (men who have sex with men). While the globalization of transgender as a form of political identity has promised greater rights and governmental inclusion for gender variant persons, it entails a broader MSM-transgender schema of...
Tris(tert-butoxy)siloxy Derivatives of Boron, Including the Boronous Acid HOB[OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 2 and the Metal(Siloxy)boryloxide Complex Cp 2 Zr(Me)OB[OSi(O t Bu) 3 ] 2 : A Remarkable Crystal Structure with 18 Independent Molecules in Its Asymmetric Unit.

Silanolysis of B(O(t)Bu)(3) with 2 and 3 equiv of HOSi(O(t)Bu)(3) led to the formation of (t)BuOB[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](2) (1) and B[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](3) (2), respectively. Compounds 1 and 2 are efficient single-source molecular precursors to B/Si/O materials via thermolytic routes in nonpolar media, as demonstrated by the generation of BO(1.5).2SiO(2) (BOSi2(xg)) and BO(1.5).3SiO(2) (BOSi3(xg)) xerogels, respectively. Use of a block copolymer template provided B/Si/O materials (BOSi2(epe) and BOSi3(epe)) with a broad distribution of mesopores (by N(2) porosimetry) and smaller, more uniform particle sizes (by TEM) as compared to the nontemplated materials. Hydrolyses of 1 and 2 with excess H(2)O resulted in formation of the expected amounts of (t)BuOH and HOSi(O(t)Bu)(3); however, reaction of 1 with 1 equiv of H(2)O led to isolation of the new boronous acid HOB[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](2) (3). This ligand precursor is well suited for the synthesis of new metal (siloxy)boryloxide complexes via proton-transfer reactions involving the BOH group. The reaction of 3 with Cp(2)ZrMe(2) resulted in formation of Cp(2)Zr(Me)OB[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](2) (4) in high yield. This rare example of a transition metal boryloxide complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group Ponemacr; and exhibits a crystal structure with an unprecedented number of independent molecules in its asymmetric unit (i.e., Z' = 18 and Z = 36). This unusual crystal structure presented an opportunity to perform statistical analyses of the metric parameters for the 18 crystallographically independent molecules. Complex 4 readily converts to Cp(2)Zr[OSi(O(t)Bu)(3)](2) (5) upon thermolysis or upon dissolution in Et(2)O at room temperature.
Representing higher-order dependencies in networks

To ensure the correctness of network analysis methods, the network (as the input) has to be a sufficiently accurate representation of the underlying data. However, when representing sequential data from complex systems, such as global shipping traffic or Web clickstream traffic as networks, conventional network representations that implicitly assume the Markov property (first-order dependency) can quickly become limiting. This assumption holds that, when movements are simulated on the network, the next movement depends only on the current node, discounting the fact that the movement may depend on several previous steps. However, we show that data derived from many complex systems can show up to fifth-order dependencies. In these cases, the oversimplifying assumption of the first-order network representation can lead to inaccurate network analysis results. To address this problem, we propose the higher-order network (HON) representation that can discover and embed variable orders of dependencies in a network representation. Through a comprehensive empirical evaluation and analysis, we establish several desirable characteristics of HON, including accuracy, scalability, and direct compatibility with the existing suite of network analysis methods. We illustrate how HON can be applied to a broad variety of tasks, such as random walking, clustering, and ranking, and we demonstrate that, by using it as input, HON yields more accurate results without any modification to these tasks.
Using the vacuum dressing alternative for difficult wounds.

ixty-one-year-old Joan Cooper, originally admitted for a mitral valve replacement, developed a bleeding duodenal ulcer during her stay. While performing resection for the ulcer, surgeons discovered and drained several intra-abdominal abscesses. Ms. Cooper was left with a large, draining abdominal wound. At first, a normal saline, wet-to-dry dressing was applied, but it couldn't control the heavy drainage. Surrounding skin became irritated and painful. Experiences like this can leave you and your patient feeling frustrated, but don't despair-there's a solution. A vacuum dressing system can put you in control of large, draining wounds that don't respond well to traditional measures. And since it remains in place for three to five days, it costs about $1,200 per week less than conventional dressings that need to be changed four to six times a day. We found that the vacuum dressing not only hastened Ms. Cooper's healing and made her more comfortable, but also required less nursing time so her nurse was better able to attend to Ms. Cooper's other needs. Here's what you need to know to apply the vacuum dressing and manage these difficult wounds.
A Case of Primary Pulmonary Lymphoma: Cytologic, Histologic, and Immunocytologic Findings

Primary pulmonary lymphoma presenting with extensive pleural involvement and pleural effusion is rare. Diagnosis and classification by pleural fluid examination can be difficult. The case reported herein demonstrates the importance of cytologic examination, immunoelectrophoresis, and immunocytochemistry of pleural fluid in the diagnosis of primary pulmonary lymphoma. Diagnostic cytologic criteria are discussed. A complicating factor in this case was associated pulmonary tuberculosis, which raises the possibility of an etiologic relationship between chronic antigenic stimulation and immunoproliferative disorders.
Increasing prevalence of electronic cigarette use among smokers hospitalized in 5 US cities, 2010-2013

INTRODUCTION Little is known about the pattern of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use over time or among smokers with medical comorbidity. METHODS We assessed current cigarette smokers' use of e-cigarettes during the 30 days before admission to 9 hospitals in 5 geographically dispersed US cities: Birmingham, AL; Boston, MA; Kansas City, KS; New York, NY; and Portland, OR. Each hospital was conducting a randomized controlled trial as part of the NIH-sponsored Consortium of Hospitals Advancing Research on Tobacco (CHART). We conducted a pooled analysis using multiple logistic regression to examine changes in e-cigarette use over time and to identify correlates of e-cigarette use. RESULTS Among 4,660 smokers hospitalized between July 2010 and December 2013 (mean age 57 years, 57% male, 71% white, 56% some college, average 14 cigarettes/day), 14% reported using an e-cigarette during the 30 days before admission. The prevalence of e-cigarette use increased from 1.1% in 2010 to 10.3% in 2011, 10.2% in 2012, and 18.4% in 2013; the increase was statistically significant (p < .0001) after adjustment for age, sex, education, and CHART study. Younger, better educated, and heavier smokers were more likely to use e-cigarettes. Smokers who were Hispanic, non-Hispanic black, and who had Medicaid or no insurance were less likely to use e-cigarettes. E-cigarette use also varied by CHART project and by geographic region. CONCLUSIONS E-cigarette use increased substantially from 2010 to 2013 among a large sample of hospitalized adult cigarette smokers. E-cigarette use was more common among heavier smokers and among those who were younger, white, and who had higher socioeconomic status.
On the Location of Leonardo's Battle of Anghiari

Non-destructive analytical techniques in the hands of a conservator reveal a painted surface beneath Vasari's frescoes on the west wall of the Salone dei 500 in Florence. Analysis of the pigments suggests that it is not related to the Vasari fresco over it, that it uses a toothy ground in an oil or resin binder, and contains pigments that can be associated with Leonardo. Art-historical re-examination of documents and descriptions of the Hall supports the suggestions of the conservator. Misinterpretation of a document established the tradition of locating the Battle of Anghiari on the east wall. Analysis of the building and the documents helps clarify Vasari's description of the Hall and suggests that the seat of the Gonfaloniere and Leonardo's mural were on the west wall.
Effect of Health Education to Preventing Human Avian Influenza Among Rural Residents in Sichuan

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and behaviors of preventing human avian influenza among Sichuan rural residents,evaluate the effects of intervention and explore the effective intervene strategies.Methods Educational intervene activities were conducted among the rural residents,questionnaire survey was conducted to the selected individuals before and after intervention.Results The knowledge,attitude and behaviors of preventing human avian influenza among the rural residents were improved significantly after intervention(P0.01).The awareness rate of knowledge about everyone has the risk of getting avian influenza raised from 54.4% to 92.5%;the causes of avian influenza on closely contact with poultry raised from 52.7% to 75.4%;etting undercooked eggs raised from 30.3% to 67.9%;and the rate of timely report of died poultry increased from 57.7% to 98.3%,"see a doctor when having a fever after contact with poultry"increased from 68.2% to 96.30%,and "properly handle the sick and died poultry" increased from 56.8% to 74.29% etc.Conclusion After health educational intervention,the knowledge,attitude and behaviors of preventing human avian influenza among rural residents of Sichuan project area were all significantly improved.
Toward targets for initiation of chronic dialysis

ObjectivesTo better defaine the targets for initiation of chronic dialysis, we compared the relationship between the normalized protein equivalent of nitrogen appearance (nPNA, g/kg standard weight...
Demystifying cloud benchmarking

The popularity of online services has grown exponentially, spurring great interest in improving server hardware and software. However, conducting research on servers has traditionally been challenging due to the complexity of setting up representative server configurations and measuring their performance. Recent work has eased the effort of benchmarking servers by making benchmarking software and benchmarking instructions readily available to the research community. Unfortunately, the existing benchmarks are a black box; their users are expected to trust the design decisions made in the construction of these benchmarks with little justification and few cited sources. In this work, we have attempted to overcome this problem by building new server benchmarks for three popular network-intensive workloads: video streaming, web serving, and object caching. This paper documents the benchmark construction process, describes the software, and provides the resources we used to justify the design decisions that make our benchmarks representative for system-level studies.
SU-F-T-287: A Preliminary Study On Patient Specific VMAT Verification Using a Phosphor-Screen Based Geometric QA System (Raven QA)

Purpose: The RavenQA system (LAP Laser, Germany) is a QA device with a phosphor screen detector for performing the QA tasks of TG-142. This study tested if it is feasible to use the system for the patient specific QA of the Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT). Methods: Water equivalent material (5cm) is attached to the front of the detector plate of the RavenQA for dosimetry purpose. Then the plate is attached to the gantry to synchronize the movement between the detector and the gantry. Since the detector moves together with gantry, The 'Reset gantry to 0’ function of the Eclipse planning system (Varian, CA) is used to simulate the measurement situation when calculating dose of the detector plate. The same gantry setup is used when delivering the treatment beam for feasibility test purposes. Cumulative dose is acquired for each arc. The optical scatter component of each captured image from the CCD camera is corrected by deconvolving the 2D spatial invariant optical scatter kernel (OSK). We assume that the OSK is a 2D isotropic point spread function with inverse-squared decrease as a function of radius from the center. Results: Three cases of VMAT plans including head & neck, whole pelvis and abdomen-pelvis are tested. Setup time for measurements was less than 5 minutes. Passing rates of absolute gamma were 99.3, 98.2, 95.9 respectively for 3%/3mm criteria and 96.2, 97.1, 86.4 for 2%/2mm criteria. The abdomen-pelvis field has long treatment fields, 37cm, which are longer than the detector plate (25cm). This plan showed relatively lower passing rate than other plans. Conclusion: An algorithm for IMRT/VMAT verification using the RavenQA has been developed and tested. The model of spatially invariant OSK works well for deconvolution purpose. It is proved that the RavenQA can be used for the patient specific verification of VMAT. This work is funded in part by a Maryland Industrial Partnership Program grant to University of Maryland and to JPLC who owns the Raven technology. John Wong is a co-founder of JPLC.
Temporal Experiment for Storms and Tropical Systems Technology Demonstration (TEMPEST-D): Reducing risk for 6U-Class nanosatellite constellations

TEMPEST-D will demonstrate technology for 6U-Class nanosatellites to advance NASA's Earth Science Goals. It will also reduce risk, cost, and development time for future constellations of small satellites to perform Earth Science measurements. It will raise the TRL of a millimeter-wave radiometer instrument from 6 to 7, representing the first on-orbit demonstration of 35-nm InP HEMT-based millimeter-wave radiometer front ends.
Manipulation of Phase-Like Domains within Intact B Cell Plasma Membranes and Visualization of their Composition using Super-Resolution Microscopy

Protein sorting based on liquid-ordered (Lo) or liquid-disordered (Ld) phase preference is readily observed in giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs) at low temperatures but is not as easily detected in the intact cells from which they are derived. Here we utilize two-color super-resolution microscopy in combination with cross-correlation analysis to quantify the sorting of two minimal inner leaflet anchored-peptides proximal to clusters of cholera toxin B subunit (CTxB) in chemically fixed CH27 B cells. We find that the local density of a Lo-partitioning peptide is increased while the local density of a Ld-partitioning peptide is reduced in the vicinity of CTxB clusters when compared to the average density of peptides on the cell surface. This in combination with additional results confirm cell plasma membranes can support lipid domains which resemble the Lo and Ld phases in GPMVs and span leaflets of the plasma membranes. Ongoing work is aimed at detecting heterogeneity in intact cells in the absence of artificial CTxB clustering, and at distinguishing possible physical bases of the observed lipid-mediated membrane heterogeneity in intact cells. These experiments are characterizing the changes in enrichment and depletion of phase-partitioning peptides with respect to CTxB upon changes in temperature and composition of the plasma membrane. These results will be compared to predictions of Ising model simulations to test for consistency between that model and the behavior of the phase-like domains we have observed in B cell plasma membranes.
Imaging-concordant benign mriguided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy may not warrant MRI Follow-Up

OBJECTIVE. The follow-up of breast lesions with imaging-concordant benign histopathology results on MRI-guided vacuum-assisted biopsy (VAB) is not currently standardized. We determined the false omission rate of breast MRI–guided VAB with benign histopathology (negative results) to assess whether breast MRI follow-up is needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS. The medical records of patients who underwent 9-gauge breast MRI–guided VAB during 2007–2012 were reviewed retrospectively. Lesions with imaging-concordant benign histopathology results from MRI-guided VAB and surgery or 2 years or more of imaging follow-up were included. The false omission rate (1 – negative predictive value; [number of false-negative results / number of negative results]) of MRI-guided VAB was calculated. RESULTS. One hundred sixty-nine lesions were included, and 135 had only imaging follow-up (mammography follow-up: range, 17–107 months [median, 52 months]; MRI follow-up: range, 5–95 months [median, 35 months]). Of the 135 lesions with onl...
A High Copy Suppressor Screen for Autophagy Defects in Saccharomyces arl1Δ and ypt6Δ Strains

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Arl1 and Ypt6, two small GTP-binding proteins that regulate membrane traffic in the secretory and endocytic pathways, are also necessary for autophagy. To gain information about potential partners of Arl1 and Ypt6 specifically in autophagy, we carried out a high copy number suppressor screen to identify genes that when overexpressed suppress the rapamycin sensitivity phenotype of arl1Δ and ypt6Δ strains at 37°. From the screen results, we selected COG4, SNX4, TAX4, IVY1, PEP3, SLT2, and ATG5, either membrane traffic or autophagy regulators, to further test whether they can suppress the specific autophagy defects of arl1Δ and ypt6Δ strains. As a result, we identified COG4, SNX4, and TAX4 to be specific suppressors for the arl1Δ strain, and IVY1 and ATG5 for the ypt6Δ strain. Through this screen, we were able to confirm several membrane traffic and autophagy regulators that have novel relationships with Arl1 and Ypt6 during autophagy.
On the importance of an atmospheric reference model: A case study on gravity wave-airglow interactions

Abstract The atmospheric reference model utilized in an airglow numerical study is important since airglow emissions depend on the number density of the light-emitting species. In this study, we employ 2-dimensional, nonlinear, time-dependent numerical models, Multiple Airglow Chemistry Dynamics (MACD) and OH Chemistry Dynamics (OHCD), that use the MSISE-90, NRLMSISE-00, and Garcia and Solomon (GS) model data as atmospheric reference models, to investigate gravity wave-induced airglow variations for the OH(8,3) airglow, O2(0,1) atmospheric band, and O(1S) greenline emissions in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region. Our results show that the OHCD-00 produces the largest wave-induced OH(8,3) airglow intensity variation (∼34%), followed by the OHCD-90 (∼30%), then by the OHCD (∼22%). For O(1S) greenline, the MACD produces the largest wave-induced variation (∼33%), followed by the MACD-90 (∼28%), then by MACD-00 (∼26%). As for O2(0,1) atmospheric band, the MACD produces the largest wave-induced variation (∼31%), followed by the MACD-90 and MACD-00 (∼29%). Our study illustrates the importance and the need for a good atmospheric reference model that can accurately represent the atmosphere.
Differential regulation of striatal motor behavior and related cellular responses by dopamine D2L and D2S isoforms

The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is a major component of the dopamine system. D2R-mediated signaling in dopamine neurons is involved in the presynaptic regulation of dopamine levels. Postsynaptically, i.e., in striatal neurons, D2R signaling controls complex functions such as motor activity through regulation of cell firing and heterologous neurotransmitter release. The presence of two isoforms, D2L and D2S, which are generated by a mechanism of alternative splicing of the Drd2 gene, raises the question of whether both isoforms may equally control presynaptic and postsynaptic events. Here, we addressed this question by comparing behavioral and cellular responses of mice with the selective ablation of either D2L or D2S isoform. We establish that the presence of either D2L or D2S can support postsynaptic functions related to the control of motor activity in basal conditions. On the contrary, absence of D2S but not D2L prevents the inhibition of tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylation and, thereby, of dopamine synthesis, supporting a major presynaptic role for D2S. Interestingly, boosting dopamine signaling in the striatum by acute cocaine administration reveals that absence of D2L, but not of D2S, strongly impairs the motor and cellular response to the drug, in a manner similar to the ablation of both isoforms. These results suggest that when the dopamine system is challenged, D2L signaling is required for the control of striatal circuits regulating motor activity. Thus, our findings show that D2L and D2S share similar functions in basal conditions but not in response to stimulation of the dopamine system.