cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Contact angle and solid-liquid-vapor equilibrium

Abstract The theoretical and experimental background of Young's equation for the solid-liquid-vapor contact angle are reviewed and discussed. A recent microgravity liquid phase sintering experiment using a WNi alloy provides an opportunity to test the contact angle definition in terms of the surface tensions without the influence of gravity. The resulting configuration can only be described by a force balanced three-vector diagram, not by Young's equation. Microscopically, a three phase contact forms a “valley” rather than a “ridge” on an initially plane solid surface. In addition, reanalysis of several derivations of Young's equation detects errors. A main problem has been the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium for what is a metastable system.
The flux of 226Ra from estuarine and continental shelf sediments

A pronounced desorption phenomenon of 226 Ra from sediment was observed in the Hudson River estuary. Mass balance calculations indicate that the desorption of 226 Ra from the river-borne sediment in estuarine environment is an important source of 226 Ra to the oceans.
Nicotine alters flash-evoked potentials in Long–Evans rats

Abstract This experiment examined the effects of nicotine on flash-evoked potentials (FEPs) recorded from both the visual cortex (VC) and the superior colliculus (SC) of chronically implanted male Long–Evans rats. FEPs were recorded at 5, 20, 40, and 60 min following subcutaneous injections of saline, and of 0.4, 0.7, and 1.0 mg/kg nicotine on separate days. In the VC, the amplitude of components N 39 , N 53 , N 67 , and P 88 increased, while the amplitude of components N 30 and P 235 decreased following nicotine administration. P 22 , P 47 , and N 153 were unchanged. In the SC, components P 27 , N 48 , and N 53 were reduced in amplitude, while P 37 and N 57 were unaffected by nicotine. Many peak latencies in the VC and SC were increased by nicotine, often at all three doses. However, effects of nicotine on FEPs were both dose- and time-dependent. When body temperature was recorded 65 min after drug administration, significant hypothermia was found with both the 0.7- and 1.0-mg/kg nicotine doses. The 1.0-mg/kg dose of nicotine resulted in a significant increase in movement during the recording sessions, but not in subsequent open-field observations. The results demonstrate that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play a differential role in the production/modulation of the various components of FEPs.
Arthropod and plant communities as indicators of land rehabilitation effectiveness in a semiarid shrubsteppe.

ABSTRACT. We describe a case study evaluating the ecological impact of Bromus tectorum L. (cheatgrass) invasion following fire disturbance and the effectiveness of revegetation as a means of rehabilitation in a degraded semiarid shrubsteppe system. The effectiveness of rehabilitation efforts was assessed relative to arthropod richness, vegetation and arthropod community composition, and ground-cover characteristics in 3 habitats: undisturbed, burned and weed infested (B. tectorum), and burned then rehabilitated with native and nonnative vegetation. Arthropods were collected in each habitat using pitfall traps. Differences in arthropod richness were compared using rarefaction curves. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling and nonparametric multivariate statistical procedures, including analysis of similarity and similarity percentage routines, were used to compare arthropod and vegetation community composition and ground-cover characteristics between habitats. Arthropod communities in the rehabilitated habitat...
Single breath versus panting technique in salbutamol delivery through a 750 mL spacing device.

Spacing devices have been widely advocated for asthmatic patients having difficulty actuating metered aerosols and co-ordinating inspiration. Studies have generally supported the slow inspiration/breath hold technique. This requires conscious respiratory control. Such control is often not possible in young children; consequently panting techniques are widely recommended. The panting technique has not been studied. The aim of this study was to compare the bronchodilator effectiveness of panting and the single breath maneuver, each followed by a breath hold, and each at functional residual capacity (FRC), using a Volumatic Spacer®. The study design was a randomly allocated cross-over assessment of bronchodilator response for each technique. The drug dosage was controlled by limiting the inspired volumes of gas (single and cummulative) to the pretested inspiratory capacity. Two hundred micrograms of salbutamol was delivered into the spacer. Twenty-one patients were entered in the study and 15 (mean age ± SD = 10.9 ± 3.3 years) completed the protocol. There was no significant difference in bronchodilator response between the two groups. We conclude that the panting and the single breath techniques are equally effective in children of this age group. Pediatr Pulmonol 1990; 8:263-267.
Effect of Turkey Meat, Phosphate, Sodium Lactate, Carrageenan, and Konjac on Residual Nitrite in Cured Meats

ABSTRACT: Wieners were chosen as the model system. They were made with mechanically separated turkey meat (MST) and retained more residual nitrite than other such sausages (p < 0.01). Use of sodium tripolyphosphate resulted in a slightly higher residual nitrite in the finished product (p < 0.05). Wieners containing both MST and sodium tripolyphosphate, or either MST or sodium tripolyphosphate showed higher pH values than the control group. A relationship between product pH and residual nitrite level was observed. Wieners retained more residual nitrite at higher pH. Addition of sodium lactate, carrageenan, and konjac to the wiener formulation did not influence the residual nitrite level in the finished product.
Mercury toxicity in the aquatic oligochaete Sparganophilus pearsei: I. Variation in resistance among populations.

Mercury contamination has become a problem in many San Francisco Bay Area watersheds due to its elevated presence in sediments and aquatic organisms. The present study used laboratory lethal toxicity (LC50) tests to examine the mercury tolerance of aquatic oligochaete worms, Sparganophilus pearsei, from contaminated and uncontaminated areas. The oligochaetes were collected in the following fresh water reservoirs: Sandy Wool (reference area), San Pablo, Lake Anza, Lake Herman, and Guadalupe. These last four reservoirs were contaminated with levels of mercury that ranged from 1.5 to 2 mg/kg (wet weight). Mercury concentrations in sediment and tissue from Sandy Wool were below detection limits and worms from this site were the least tolerant of mercury in laboratory exposures (LC50 = 0.22 mg/L). Worms from the other, more contaminated, reservoirs contained elevated tissue mercury concentrations and were more tolerant in laboratory tests (LC50 = 1.48–2.19 mg/L). The present study demonstrates that different populations of the aquatic oligochaete S. pearsei have developed different tolerances to mercury depending on their previous history of exposure to mercury contamination.
Education and preparation for marriage: New approaches

The crisis in marriage suggests a need to move from a remedial to a preventive approach in dealing with marital failure. The profound change marriage is undergoing indicates a transition from a hierarchical, institutional form to the companionship form described by Burgess thirty years ago. The new style is difficult and requires special preparation. A shift from the knowledge-oriented approaches to marriage preparation characteristic of previous efforts is desirable. Primary attention should be given to personal and interpersonal dynamics and the facilitation of behavior change. Five procedures are described to facilitate the realization of this goal.
Attachment and psychoanalysis

This paper examines the relationship between certain aspects of attachment theory and psychoanalytic theories and practice. The specific issues discussed include the relative roles of 'real' external events 'versus' an individual's constitution and temperament in shaping an individual's internal working model ; the relationship between attachment and sexuality; conceptions of factors that maintain maladaptive behaviour, including the intergenerational transmission of maladaptive patterns; assessment of attachment status as determined by responses to the Adult Attachment Interview; an understanding of the therapeutic situation in terms of the attachment concepts of secure base and exploration; the relative roles of secure base and exploration in dealing with different kinds of pathology; and finally, the degree to which attachment research and theory serves as a model for the meaningful study of complex human behaviour in a relatively rigorous manner.
New Method of Bone Preparation for Collagen Fiber Orientation Studies by Means of Scanning Electron Microscopy

A sample preparation technique was developed for observing the orientation of collagen fibers in the lamellas of human osteonic bone by means of scanning electron microscopy. Scanning electron micrographs of these fiber orientations are given in the text.
Conditions for scale-based decompositions in singularly perturbed systems

Abstract Singularly perturbed models of the form x (t)=A(ϵ)x(t) , with A ( ϵ ) analytic at 0, nonsingular for ϵ ∈(0, ϵ 0 ] and singular at ϵ =0, arise naturally in various problems of systems and control theory. Under a so-called multiple semisimple null structure ( MSSNS ) condition on A ( ϵ ), the eigenstructure of this matrix has a multiple-scale property that allows the asymptotic eigenstructure of the matrix to be studied via reduced-order matrices associated with the separate scales. Under a stronger multiple semistability or MSST condition, this eigenstructure decomposition translates into a time-scale decomposition of the solution x ( t ) of the system. This paper is aimed at illuminating the MSSNS and MSST conditions. Using ideas from an algebraic approach that we have developed for the study of singularly perturbed systems, we show (among other results): that the Smith decomposition of A ( ϵ ) permits transformation to a form in which the scales become explicit and the computations become transparent and simple; that this form allows us to identify perturbations of A ( ϵ ) that all have the same scale-based decompositions; that the eigenstructure of A ( ϵ ) does indeed display multiple scales under MSSNS, and that the eigenvalues in this case can be approximated using reduced-order calculations; that A ( ϵ ) has MSSNS if and only if the orders of its invariant factors equal the orders of its eigenvalues; that this happens if and only if the orders of its invariant factors and principal minors are related in a specified way; and that A ( ϵ ) has MSST if and only if it is Hurwitz for ϵ ∈(0, ϵ 0 and has MSSNS and satisfies the requirement that the order in ϵ of the real part of every eigenvalue is not greater than the order of its imaginary part.
Highly depleted cratonic mantle in West Greenland extending into diamond stability field in the Proterozoic

This study presents electron microprobe data for dunite xenoliths from a lamprophyre dyke located on the island of Qeqertaa, West Greenland. The minimum age of this dyke is Palaeoproterozoic and it experienced amphibolite facies metamorphism and deformation during that era. The samples consist of nearly 200 xenoliths with a size range of 0.5-8 cm. These dunite xenoliths have olivine Mg#, that range from 80.3 to 94.6 (n = 579) with a mean of 92.6. Orthopyroxene is found in three xenoliths and garnet in five others. The latter suggests the depth of the Qeqertaa xenolith suite to be near the diamond stability-field, which is substantiated by the finding of diamonds in bulk samples of the Qeqertaa dyke. This further indicates the presence of a lithospheric mantle domain dominated by high-Mg# dunite to this depth in Palaeoproterozoic time. Cr-rich spinel, in the 0.1–0.2 mm size range, is found within and between olivine grains in individual xenoliths. These Cr-spinels yield Fe–Mg exchange temperatures of 400–600 °C. However, the presence of intermediate spinel compositions spanning the lower temperature solvus suggests that equilibration temperatures were > 550 °C. Fe3 +#, expressed as 100 × Fe3 +/(Fe3 + + Al + Cr), is shown to be a useful parameter in order to screen for altered spinel (Fe3 +# > 10) with disturbed Mg# and Cr#. The screened spinel data (Fe3 +# < 10) show a distinctly different trend in terms of spinel Cr# versus Mg#, compared to unmetamorphosed xenoliths in Tertiary lavas and dikes from Ubekendt Ejland and Wiedemann Fjord, respectively, also located within the North Atlantic craton. This difference likely reflects amphibolite facies metamorphic resetting of the Qeqertaa xenolith suite by Fe–Mg exchange. Given the similarity of the Qeqertaa xenolith suite with the Ubekendt and Wiedemann suites, in terms of their olivine Mg# and spinel Cr# distribution, high-Mg# dunite is likely to be an important component of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle beneath the North Atlantic craton and appears to have spanned a vertical distance of at least 150 km in this region, even during the Palaeoproterozoic.
BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS OF LACTIC DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES: CERTAIN METHODOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS.

Summary Numerous biological applications of multiple molecular forms of an enzyme are currently being employed. These applications frequently depend on comparisons of isozyme patterns observed on the starch gel. Some of the methodological factors that significantly affect the LDH isozyme pattern observed on the starch gel have been studied and include extraction procedures, storage of extracts, activity of material applied to the gel, conditions during electrophoresis, and concentration of reagents in the incubating medium. The results revealed LDH 5 to be more sensitive than the other isozymes to several of these factors. Conditions are described for visualization of a hitherto unobserved “y” band in human tissues.
Ethnic Change, Concern over Immigration, and Approval of State Government

The popularity and approval of a governor among their state citizenry is a central form of political capital that animates the informal power key to their legislative success and bolsters their prospects for reelection. Within the extant literature exploring the sources of approval of state executives, the lion's share of the work focuses on the deleterious effects on approval of a poorly performing national and state economy. In the present article, we rely on the same logic underlying the economic-centered research—namely, that unhappy citizens blame governors and state governments for their discontent—but focus on the impact on approval of an entirely separate and relatively unexplored domain of life in a state: ethno-demographics. This article advances the hypothesis that citizen discontent over drastic ethnic change in their local environment is politicized as concern over immigration, which in turn serves as a concrete political issue through which personal discontent over increased ethnic diversity is translated into lower approval of state government. This hypothesis is tested within the context of the state of California using pooled statewide survey data. Our analyses demonstrate that growth in the Hispanic population within a respondent's county of residence significantly increases concern over immigration within the state, and that concern over immigration significantly decreases approval of state government across the board, including the governor, the state legislature, and one's local state representatives.
Transient acantholytic dermatosis associated with pemphigus foliaceus. Coexistence of two acantholytic diseases.

• A 70-year-old man being treated with high-dose oral methylprednisolone for pemphigus foliaceus was found to have a second acantholytic disease, transient acantholytic dermatosis. To our knowledge, the coexistence of these two acantholytic diseases has not been reported. (Arch Dermatol1983;119:155-156)
DTI at long diffusion time improves fiber tracking.

While diffusion-tensor-imaging tractography provides remarkable in vivo anatomical connectivity of the central nervous system, the majority of DTI studies to date are predominantly limited to tracking large white-matter fibers. This study investigated DTI tractography using long diffusion time (tdiff) to improve tracking of thinner fibers in fixed rhesus monkey brains. Stimulated Echo Acquisition Mode (STEAM) sequence on a 3T Siemens TRIO was modified to include a diffusion module. DTI was acquired using STEAM with tdiff of 48 and 192 ms with matched signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Comparisons were also made with the conventional double-spin echo (DSE) at a short tdiff of 45 ms. Not only did the fractional anisotropy increase significantly with the use of long diffusion time, but directional entropy measures indicated that there was an increased coherence amongst neighboring tensors. Further, the magnitude of the major eigenvector was larger at the tdiff = 192 ms as compared to the short tdiff. Probabilistic connectivity maps at long tdiff showed larger areas of connectivity with the use of long diffusion time, which traversed deeper into areas of low anisotropy. With tractography, it was found that the length of the fibers, increased by almost 10% in the callosal fibers that branch into the paracentral gyrus, the precentral gyrus and the post central gyrus. A similar increase of about 20% was observed in the fibers of the internal capsule. These findings offer encouraging data that DTI at long diffusion time could improve tract tracing of small fibers in areas of low fractional anisotropy (FA), such as at the interfaces of white matter and grey matter.
Parties, Pivots, and Policy: The Status Quo Test

Identifying policy status quo locations is a precondition for testing key predictions of many spatial models of legislative politics, but such measures have proved to be extremely difficult to construct. This study applies a novel technique that measures policy locations in relation to legislators’ preferences. The resulting status quo estimates allow for a direct test of the policy consequences predicted by pivotal politics and party cartel theories of legislative politics. The empirical tests indicate that parties interact with pivotal politics to contribute to policy gridlock and shape policy change. By bringing pressure to bear on pivotal politics “pivots” and by blocking policy changes that would “roll” the party, parties increase the range of policies subject to gridlock in the American political system.
Towards a Global Model of Venture Capital

This paper examines whether a truly global market for venture capital and private equity is emerging or whether the current situation of segmented national markets is likely to endure. We document very rapid growth in venture capital fund raising and investment over the past decade in the United States, Western Europe and in certain Asian countries, but not in Japan or in most developing countries. We compare contracting practices, investment patterns and returns between the U.S. and Europe, and find that there has been considerable convergence between these two large VC markets, particularly during the past five years. This convergence is likely to continue. Nonetheless, we conclude that the major national markets will remain effectively segmented and suggest that venture capital will continue to be much more important in common law countries than in civil law countries for the foreseeable future.
Is Tropical Pancreatic Diabetes Malnutrition Related

Clinical syndromes of diabetes in tropical countries defy attempts to separate them into reasonably homogeneous groups that are analogous to the traditional classification into IDDM and NIDDM. Their geographical and clinical uniqueness has only been recognized relatively recently. For most of this century, diabetes in the tropics was thought to be no different from the classical form seen in more temperate climates, being found only in the well-nourished elite, but not in the malnourished masses (1). Thus, the WHO, in its first examination of the problem of diabetes from a world-wide perspective in 1965, stated emphatically that “the evidence that malnutrition protects populations from diabetes seems unassailable (2).” Notwithstanding this assertion, evidence had been accumulating for at least a decade that many diabetic individuals in the tropics had unusual features that made it impossible to pigeonhole them into either of the classic varieties of diabetes mellitus. From the earliest descriptions of the two syndromes of diabetes that have come to be recognized as being unique to the tropics (type J diabetes and TPD), the association of both syndromes with malnutrition was emphasized (3,4). Faced with the overwhelming evidence that diabetes did occur in malnourished individuals, WHO reversed its opinion in 1980, acknowledging that “in some societies … malnutrition is probably a major determinant (of diabetes) (5).”
Elementary chaotic flow

Using an extensive numerical search for the simplest chaotic non-polynomial autonomous three-dimensional dynamical systems, we identify an elementary third-order diffential equation that contains only one control parameter and only one nonlinearity in the form of the modulus of the dynamical variable. We discuss general properties of this equation and the possibility of chaotic behavior in functionally closely related equations. Finally, we present its analytical solution in an algorithmic way. q 1999 Published by Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
An Analysis of Therapeutic Decision for Scleritis

Purpose: To compare the long-term efficacy of different systemic therapeutic regimens for patients with noninfectious anterior scleritis to establish guidelines for institution of therapy. Methods: Therapeutic failure of systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), systemic steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and systemic nonsteroidal immunosuppressive drugs was evaluated in 132 patients with noninfectious anterior scleritis (diffuse, nodular, or necrotizing types). Results: In patients with diffuse scleritis, therapeutic failure for initial regimens occurred in 7% of patients treated with NSAIDs, in 16% of patients treated with steroids, and in 27% of patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. In patients with nodular scleritis, therapeutic failure for initial regimens occurred in 9% of patients treated with NSAIDs, in 28% of patients treated with steroids, and in 25% of patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Addition or substitution of steroids or immunosuppressive drugs as second- or third-line therapies helped control the scleritis. In patients with necrotizing scleritis, therapeutic failure for initial regimens occurred in 100% of patients treated with NSAIDs, in 91% of patients treated with steroids, and in 26% of patients treated with immunosuppressive drugs. Conclusions: In patients with diffuse and nodular scleritis, NSAIDs should be the initial choice; in case of therapeutic failure, steroids should be added or substituted as second-line therapy, tapering and discontinuing them as soon as possible while maintaining remission with continued NSAIDs; in case of therapeutic failure, immunosuppressive drugs should be added or substituted as third-line therapy. In patients with necrotizing scleritis, immunosuppressive drugs should be the initial choice.
Influence of relative water motion on the growth, ammonium uptake and carbon and nitrogen composition of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta)

In a series of multifactorial laboratory experiments, Ulva lactuca discs were grown in an apparatus in which they were exposed simultaneously to 3 simulated current speeds (7.5, 15, 22.5 cm s-1) and a still control, and either 3 ammonium concentrations (0–10, 35–45 and 115–145 μM) under ample uniform light (ca 200 μE m-2 s-1) or 3 light intensities (approximately 35, 90 and 270 μE m-2 s-1) with uniform surplus, ammonium. Disc growth rates were determined in each experiment as well as tissue nitrogen and carbon composition and fluxes of NH4, NO3/NO2 and PO4 in media. In a supplementary series of field experiments, U. lactuca discs were simultaneously exposed to 2 different water motion regimes in adjacent chambers at several sites characterized by widely different ammonium concentrations. In field experiments, growth rates were calculated and analyzed as a function of water motion at the various sites. The application of simulated current consistently enhanced disc growth rates in the laboratory, except at the lowest light intensity. In most cases this enhancement was fully realized at the lowest applied simulated current (7.5 cm s-1). Simulated current slightly enhanced ammonium uptake rates by U. lactuca discs, relative to rates in still water, except at the highest ammonium concentration. C:N ratios of discs generally declined with increases in simulated current, except at the highest ammonium concentration. This decline was primarily attributable to increases in per cent N and was, again, mainly realized at 7.5 cm s-1. The results suggested that simulated current compensated for N limitation, except when light was sufficiently low to become the overriding limiting factor, but that the enhancement of growth by simulated current could not be explained in terms of N metabolism alone. Field experiments showed that the higher level of water motion consistently enhanced growth at sites with comparatively low ammonium concentrations, but not at sites with moderate or high ammonium concentrations.
Hadron Mass Spectrum from Lattice QCD

Finite temperature lattice simulations of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) are sensitive to the hadronic mass spectrum for temperatures below the ‘‘critical’’ temperature Tc � 160 MeV. We show that a recent precision determination of the QCD trace anomaly shows evidence for the existence of a large number of hadron states beyond those known from experiment. The lattice results are well represented by an exponentially growing mass spectrum up to a temperature T ¼ 155 MeV. Using simple parametrizations of the hadron mass spectrum we show how one may estimate the total spectral weight in these yet undermined states.
Land Cover on the Western Slopes of the Central Oregon Cascade Range

(1995). Cover Land Cover on the Western Slopes of the Central Oregon Cascade Range. International Journal of Remote Sensing: Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 595-596.
Adolescent Self-Esteem and Gender: Exploring Relations to Sexual Harassment, Body Image, Media Influence, and Emotional Expression.

Self-esteem plays a central role in mental health, yet not enough is known about how youth evaluate themselves as they move across adolescence. This study used a cross-sectional design to examine age and gender patterns in self-esteem and to explore how contemporary social influences relate to adolescent self-esteem. Self-reported influences on self-esteem involving the media, sexual harassment, body image, family and peer relationships, and emotional expression were evaluated with 93 boys and 116 girls in Grades 5, 8, and 12. Girls reported lower self-esteem than boys in early adolescence, and late adolescent boys reported lower self-esteem than younger boys. The predictors as a set accounted for a significant portion of the variance in self-esteem, while the best predictor of self-esteem varied by age and gender. Large gender differences were present for emotional expression, with boys becoming more restrictive across adolescence. Girls reported more negative body image and media influence scores than did boys in late childhood and early adolescence. Body image appeared to mediate the relationships between certain predictors and self-esteem for girls, while gender and grade appeared to moderate the relationship between media influence and self-esteem for girls and boys.
The demand for environmental quality and the environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis

Abstract Household demand for better environmental quality is the key factor in the long-term global applicability of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. We argue that, for given consumer preferences, the threshold income level at which the EKC turns downwards or the equilibrium income elasticity changes sign from positive to negative depends on the ability to spatially separate production and consumption. We test our hypothesis by estimating the equilibrium income elasticities of five pollutants, using 1990 data for the United States. We find that the change in sign occurs at lower income levels for pollutants for which spatial separation is relatively easy as compared to pollutants for which spatial separation is difficult. Our results suggest that even high-income households in the United States have not yet reached the income level at which their demand for better environmental quality is high enough to cause the income–pollution relationship to turn downwards for all the pollutants that we analyzed.
Influence of age, prepubertal androgen treatment and hypothalamic stimulation on adenohypophysial LH content in female rats.

Previous studies indicated that pituitary LH content of androgen-sterilized female rats was 3 less than the content of the normal proestrous gland. One explanation was that constant secretion of estrogen by the anovulatory ovary produced a constant release of LH and thus prevented storage. The present study investigated the effects of prepubertal androgen treatment on pituitary LH content prior to and after onset of puberty. Normal values obtained from 30-, 35-, 60- and 100-day-old rats were: 3.8, 2.37, 1.22 and 1.45μg/mg. In contrast, rats which received 1.25 mg of androgen at 5 days of age had pituitary concentrations at the same ages of 0.89, 1.22, 0.75 and 0.65 μg/mg. Since rats sterilized with 10 ng of androgen ovulate after hypothalamic stimulation without progesterone pretreatment, whereas those given the high dose of androgen do not, pituitary LH concentration was determined (at 100 days of age) and did not differ significantly from rats which received high doses of androgen (0.68 vs. 0.65 μ/mg). ...
Comment on the concentration and temperature dependences of the translational diffusion coefficient of flexible‐coil macromolecules in solution: Poly(2‐vinyl pyridine) in tetrahydrofuran

Etude entre 15 et 55°C et comparaison avec les predictions des recentes theories de diffusion macromoleculaire
A new series and three new species of Passiflora subgenus Astrophea from the Guianas

Abstract A new series, Passiflora ser. Carneae, and three new species are described in Passiflora subg. Astrophea: P. ascidia from Guyana and Venezuelan Guayana; P. balbis from Guyana, Venezuelan Guayana, and Amazonian Brazil; and P. saulensis from central French Guiana. A key to the 19 Guianan species of Passiflora subg. Astrophea is provided.
Expanding Opportunities For Diversity in Positive Psychology: An Examination of Gender, Race, and Ethnicity

Positive psychology has been criticized for ignoring issues relevant to disenfranchised populations. This article presents the results of a 17-year review of the current state of theory and research in positive psychology with respect to issues related to gender, race, and ethnicity, representing an effort to evaluate the extent to which these criticisms are true and to explore how the field can be more inclusive in the future. A systematic review of the literature in positive psychology since the inception of the field in 1998 through 2014 was conducted, and content analyses were used to assess how issues of gender, race, and ethnicity have been examined. The findings reveal that although women are overrepresented as participants in empirical studies, they are underrepresented as first authors, and discussions of issues relevant to women and gender are relatively scarce. Further, empirical research studies conducted across the world are based largely on White samples, and there is little research focused on race and ethnicity or individuals at the intersections of gender, race, and ethnicity. More organized research is needed to develop a diverse science of positive psychology. To conceptualize possible future directions for research and explore opportunities for diversity, key definitions of positive psychology are revisited and lessons are drawn from exemplary articles attending to issues of gender, race, and ethnicity. Four pathways for conducting future research are recommended as ways to expand opportunities for engaging diversity in positive psychology.
Judging or Ruling the Twelve Tribes of Israel? The Sense of Κρίνω in Matthew 19.28

Commentators are divided about whether κρίνω in Matt 19.28 means “to judge” or “to rule.” This study seeks to discern its specific sense in this verse by exploring the semantic domains of the syntagmatic contexts in which κρίνω is used in the LXX, Philo, Josephus, and the New Testament (besides Matt 19.28; Luke 22.30) and by considering the intertextual and literary contexts of Matt 19.28. The study concludes that the sense of κρίνω in Matt 19.28 is “to judge” rather than “to rule.”
Role of Surface States in the Exciton Dynamics in CdSe Core and Core/Shell Nanorods

Static and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) along with transient absorption (TA) measurements have been used to elucidate the relaxation and recombination dynamics of single excitons and multiexcitons in CdSe nanorods with organic ligands and CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods. The core/shell particles are synthesized from the same 3.5 × 17 nm nanorods as used in the studies on ligated particles. The core/shell particles are studied with and without adsorbed hole acceptors, specifically, hexadecanethiol (HDT) and phenothiazine (PZT). The time-resolved PL and quantum yield results show that following single-exciton photoexcitation, the core nanorods undergo exciton recombination dynamics on several different time scales. The sample is inhomogeneous, and most of these particles are not observed at all. Of the particles that are observed, most undergo exciton quenching by hole transfer to surface states, leaving the electron in the conduction band. The extent of hole trapping depends on the adsorbed ligands, w...
Naegleria: a classic model for de novo basal body assembly

The amoeboflagellate Naegleria was one of the first organisms in which de novo basal body/centriole assembly was documented. When in its flagellate form, this single-celled protist has two flagella that are templated by two basal bodies. Each of these basal bodies is structurally well conserved, with triplet microtubules and well-defined proximal cartwheel structures, similar to most other eukaryotic centrioles. The basal bodies are anchored to the nucleus by a single, long striated rootlet. The Naegleria genome encodes many conserved basal body genes whose expression is induced prior to basal body assembly. Because of the rapid and synchronous differentiation from centriole-less amoebae to temporary flagellates with basal bodies, Naegleria offers one of the most promising systems to study de novo basal body assembly, as well as the mechanisms regulating the number of centrioles assembled per cell.
Total exchangeable potassium in systemic lupus erythematosus with reference to "triamcinolone myopathy".

SummaryTotal exchangeable potassium, using K42, was determined in a group of female control subjects and 2 groups of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. One of these groups was receiving adrenal cortical steroids including triamcinolone, the other salicylates and antimalarials only. Serial determinations were also done on one patient receiving long term steroid therapy. No significant differences in total exchangeable potassium values could be demonstrated among the 3 groups, and steroid therapy, including triamcinolone, did not appear to have an effect on total exchangeable potassium.The authors are indebted to Juanita Lestina and Marva Jenkins for their technical assistance.
Observed activation status of lane departure warning and forward collision warning of Honda vehicles at dealership service centers

ABSTRACTObjective: There are little objective data on whether drivers with lane departure warning and forward collision warning systems actually use them, but self-report data indicate that lane departure warning may be used less and viewed less favorably than forward collision warning. The current study assessed whether the systems were turned on when drivers brought their vehicles to dealership service stations and whether the observational protocol is a feasible method for collecting similar data on various manufacturers' systems.Methods: Observations of 2013–2015 Honda Accords, 2014–2015 Odysseys, and 2015 CR-Vs occurred at 2 U.S. Honda dealerships for approximately 4 weeks during Summer 2015.Results: Of the 265 vehicles observed to have the 2 systems, 87 (32.8%) had lane departure warning turned on. Accords were associated with a 66% increase in the likelihood that lane departure warning was turned on compared with Odysseys, but the rate was still only about 40% in Accords. In contrast, forward colli...
Prevalence and Characteristics of Central Compared to Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Analyses from the Sleep Heart Health Study Cohort.

Study objectives Determine the prevalence of central sleep apnea (CSA) in a large community-based cohort using current definitions and contrast the clinical characteristics of subjects with CSA to those with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and no sleep apnea. Methods A cross sectional analysis of baseline data from 5,804 participants of the Sleep Heart Health study was performed. Subjects meeting contemporary diagnostic criteria for CSA and Cheyne Stokes respiration (CSR) were compared to those without sleep apnea and those with OSA. Demographic data, medical comorbidities, medication use, and sleep related symptoms were compared between the groups. Results The prevalences of CSA and Cheyne Stokes respiration (CSR) in this sample were 0.9 (95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.7-1.2)% and 0.4 (95% CI: 0.3-0.6)%, respectively. Individuals with CSA were older, had lower body mass indexes (BMI), lower Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores, and were more likely to be male than individuals with obstructive sleep apnea OSA. Among those with self-reported heart failure (HF), OSA was much more common at 55.1% (95% CI: 45.6-64.6) than CSA 4.1% (95% CI: 0.3-7.9). Conclusions This is the largest community-based study of the prevalence and characteristics of CSA to date and demonstrates a prevalence of CSA that is intermediate to those previously noted. Contrary to prior data from clinic based samples, individuals with heart failure were much more likely to have OSA than CSA.
Characteristic of death cases of Japanese encephalitis in Guizhou province from 2004 to 2012

Objective To provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis in Guizhou province from 2004 to 2012. Method Descriptive epidemiology was applied to analyze the characteristics of death cases in this study. Results From 2004 to 2012,the reported mortality rate of Japanese encephalitis was 0.02 / Lakh to 0.22 / Lakh,and the value was gradually decreased; the case mortality rate was 3.7% to 7.8%,and the value was gradually increased(P0.05)..The death cases within 15 days accounted for over 75.0%.The reported mortality rate in Qiandongnan,Qiannan,Qianxinan and Bijie were higher than the average in Guizhou province.The case mortality rate was high in Qiandongnan and Qiannan.There was a statistical significance in the total case mortality rate among different areas(P 0.01).The reported mortality rate were highest in the group aged from 0 to 3 years during 2004 to 2005,and were highest in the group aged from 4 to 6 years during 2006 to 2012. Conclusions The reported mortality rate of Japanese encephalitis was gradually decreased,indicating that the control of Japanese encephalitiswas successful.There was an age and regional variation on the distribution of death cases of Japanese encephalitis.We should strengthen the control of Japanese encephalitis in these areas,and further improvethe medical services.
Locating and Cloning of Dwarf Gene in Rice

The status quo of dwarf rice study was introduced from genetic research of dwarf rice, study of rice dwarfing mechanism and utilization of dwarf rice. Then, the common methods of locating dwarf gene in rice were reviewed, which included the principles of map-based cloning method and the application of map-based cloning, bioinformatics and mutant resources in gene locating and gene cloning.
The Effect of Education on Civic and Political Engagement in Nonconsolidated Democracies: Evidence from Nigeria

Developing democracies are experiencing unprecedented increases in primary and secondary schooling. To identify education's long-run political effects, we use a difference-in-differences design tha...
EEG and Diet Related Migraine

Thirty-eight patients with a history of diet induced migraine were studied with recording of clinical responses and electroencephalography at the Departments of Neurology and Biometry, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
The state of Pb-free solder — A joint reliability overview

Over the past decade the electronics components industry successfully transitioned from the use of leaded solder to lead-free (Pb-free) solders in response to growing environmental health concerns related to heavy metals and other substances. Pbfree components in general are in compliance to meet the European restriction of hazardous substances (RoHS) directives. During the transition period to Pb-free surface mount, numerous issues were raised about the selected alloys, the board assembly process and reliability. Early Pb-free reliability concerns were due to incomplete analytical understanding of the Tin-Silver-Copper solder creep-fatigue behavior, difficulty in computing the magnitude of ball grid array (BGA) relative displacements or strains and lack of product field history. Since then the failure mechanisms were characterized and many models are in common use for reliability estimation and design. This manuscript revisits the initial concerns, reliability model use evolution and summarizes the current understanding that has resulted in a decade of reliable field operation for the Pb-free SAC solders selected.
Density Functional Theory as a Predictive Tool for Cerium Redox Properties in Nonaqueous Solvents.

Two methods to correlate and predict experimental redox potentials for cerium complexes were evaluated. Seventeen previously reported cerium complexes were computed using DFT methods in both the CeIII and CeIV oxidation states with a dichloromethane solvent continuum. In the first computational approach, the ΔGo(CeIV/CeIII) was determined for each of the compounds and these values were correlated with the experimental E1/2 values measured in dichloromethane, referenced to the ferrocene/ferrocenium couple. The second method involved correlating the energies of the CeIV LUMOs (lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals) with the experimental redox potentials, E1/2. The predictive capabilities of these two correlative methods were tested using a new cerium hydroxylamine complex, Ce(ODiNOx)2 (ODiNOx = bis(2-tert-butylhydroxylaminatobenzyl) ether). All 18 complexes studied in this paper were combined with the 15 complexes determined in acetonitrile from a previously published correlation by our group. These sets of ...
Laser-controlled local magnetic field using semiconductor quantum rings

We analize theoretically the dynamics of N electrons localized in a semiconductor quantum ring under a train of phase-locked infrared laser pulses. The pulse sequence is designed to control the total angular momentum of the electrons. The quantum ring can be put in states characterized by strong currents. The local magnetic field created by these currents can be used for a selective quantum control of single spins in semiconductor systems. PACS numbers: 73.23.Ra, 78.67.-n ∗Electronic address: pershin@pa.msu.edu
Optically read displacement detection using phase-modulated diffraction gratings with reduced zeroth-order reflections

Displacement detection using optical interferometric techniques allows for low minimum detectable displacements which are unmatched by other displacement measurement methods as device sizes are scaled down. The use of diffractive optical elements as beam splitters has proven an effective way to realize miniature and robust optical interferometers. Diffraction gratings commonly used in such applications, however, can generate a zeroth-order reflected beam, which results in reduced sensor performance, packaging limitations, and laser instability. A diffraction grating concept has been designed, fabricated, and tested, which has the effect of reducing the zeroth-order component by imparting a half-wavelength phase shift to a portion of the reflected light. The design criteria for zeroth-order beam elimination are illustrated using a simple model based on phasor arithmetic. The microfabrication process used to prototype gratings is presented, and experimental measurements collected from the prototype are repo...
Toward Scalable Indexing and Search on Distributed and Unstructured Data

The ubiquity of Big Data has greatly influenced the direction and the development of storage technologies. To meet the needs of storing and analyzing Big Data, researchers and administrators have turned to parallel and distributed storage and compute architectures. While the problems of securely and consistently storing and accessing data in large parallel and distributed file systems have been largely addressed in both the research and production systems, efficiently searching across large unstructured data and metadata has largely been overlooked. According to the International Data Corporation, more than 90% of data found in the digital universe is unstructured, emphasizing the importance of developing efficient solutions for querying distributed data. This paper proposes a novel indexing solution, called FusionDex, that provides an efficient model for querying across distributed file systems. FusionDex leverages state-of-the-art, open-source indexing modules as its building blocks to deliver an integrated system for enabling efficient user-specified queries over distributed and unstructured data. FusionDex has been evaluated on a cluster of 64 nodes, and results show that it outperforms existing tools (in some cases by several orders of magnitude), such as Hadoop Grep and Cloudera Search.
Circumareolar Nipple-Areola Complex Mastopexy and Areolar Shifting

The circumareolar mastopexy proves to be a very effective technique to “shift” the nipple-areolar complex (NAC) to a more favorable and satisfactory location on the ptotic or asymmetrical breast. A circumareolar and periareolar approach to NAC relocation resulted in the author’s ability to safely and consistently “shift” the NAC in any desirable direction on the breast mound. Even Renault Grade I and II breast ptosis with asymmetry was correctable by the above procedures. Additionally, NAC reduction and improved NAC symmetry were readily achievable goals. Most appropriately, there were no incidences of NAC necrosis or nipple denervation. Secondary and multiple revision efforts generally add to the strength of the overall cosmetic result because all previous unfavorable scars can be eliminated with any “redo” procedure. Also, further improvements of residual breast and nipple ptosis can be effectively treated with the above approach. This versatile surgical procedure will enhance many cosmetic breast augmentation results.
Stephen Maurer's Response

(1985). Stephen Maurer's Response. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 17-21.
High spectral resolution lidar at the university of wisconsin-madison

This paper describes the modifications done on the University of Wisconsin-Madison High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL) that improved the instrument’s performance. The University of Wisconsin HSRL lidars designed by our group at the Space Science and Engineering Center were deployed in numerous field campaigns in various locations around the world. Over the years the instruments have undergone multiple modifications that improved the performance and added new measurement capabilities such as atmospheric temperature profile and extinction cross-section measurements.