cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of calfhood morbility on long-term survival in New York Holstein Herds☆

Abstract The effect of calfhood morbility on long-term survival (i.e. not dying or being sold) was evluated in 1069 heifer replacement calves in 24 herds in the vicinity of Cornell University. These calves were born between July 1983 and 30 April 1985, and were alive at 90 days of age. The specific calfhood morbility variables of interest were the first occurrence of the following clinical signsn as diagnosed by farmers on standardized check-off forms: (1) scours/diarrhea within 14 days of birth and from 15 to 90 days of age; (2) dull, listless, droopy ears or off feed within 90 days of birth; (3) cough, runny nose or eyes, or trouble breathing within 90 days of birth. Outcomes of interest were (1) death, (2d (2) sale and (3) combined death and sale (exit) after 90 days of age and before 11 February 1986. Age-specific incidence rates and survival functions for the outcomes of interest were calculated using life-table techniques. The effects of the morbility variables on survival were modeled using Cox's proportional hazards model. The crude incidence rates of death and sale after 90 days of age for the study period were 2.5 and 5.1 per 100, respectively. Age-specific mortality rates after 90 days of age indicated a rise in mortality at ∼ 1 year of age. The age-specific incidence rate of sale after 90 days of age increased between 1 and 2 years of age (corresponding to the age at which farmers start reducing heifer numbers to the number needed for replacements). There were no significant effects of season and associated year of birth (birth cohort effect) on the survival distributions of death and sale after 90 days of age, although there was on exit after 90 days of age. The only illness related to survival was dullness within 90 days of birth, which increased the hazards rate for death after 90 days of age 4.3-fold above that for heifers without dullness within 90 days of birth, after adjusting for herd and season and associated year of birth.
Resonant-cavity-enhanced pin photodetector with 17 GHz bandwidth-efficiency product

The addition of a resonant optical cavity to a photodetector enhances the quantum efficiency of the detector over a narrow wavelength range. The authors have designed, fabricated, and demonstrated resonant-cavity-enhanced GaAs pin photodetectors with near-unity quantum efficiency at 812 nm and transit-limited bandwidths of approximately 17 GHz.
HDRL: Homogeneous Dual-Rail Logic for DPA Attack Resistive Secure Circuit Design

Differential power analysis (DPA) attacks find the correlation between power consumption and secret data in crypto-hardware. This letter proposes homogeneous dual-rail logic (HDRL), a standard cell DPA attack countermeasure that theoretically guarantees fully balanced power consumption and significantly improves DPA attack resistivity. Our experimental results on the AES S-Box circuit show that HDRL successfully prevents DPA attacks in all cases.
Molecular and crystal structure of konjac glucomannan in the mannan II polymorphic form

A probable crystal structure of konjac glucomannan (mannose:glucose ratio = 1.6) is proposed based on X-ray data and constrained linked-atom least-squares model refinement. The structure crystallizes in the mannan II polymorphic form, in an orthorhombic unit-cell with a = 9.01 A, b = 16.73 A, c (fiber axis) = 10.40 A, and a probable space group I222. The backbone conformation of the chain is a two-fold helix stabilized by intramolecular O-3-O-5' hydrogen bonds, with the O-6 rotational position gt. The unit cell contains four chains with antiparallel packing polarity and eight water molecules which reside in crystallographic positions. Intermolecular hydrogen bonds occur exclusively between chains and water molecules, establishing a three-dimensional hydrogen-bond network in the crystal structure. The glucose residues replace mannoses in the structure in isomorphous fashion, although some disorder appears possible. A structure having alternating gg-gt O-6 rotational positions and conforming to space group P222 appears to describe the disorder regions of the crystal. The reliability of the structure analysis is indicated by the X-ray residuals R = 0.276 and R" = 0.223.
Fish faunal ‘breaks’ and stream order in the eastern and central United States

The distribution of fishes within 23 streams in the eastern and central United States was analyzed for evidence of distinct longitudinal faunal ‘breaks’, and to compare location of the breaks to stream order and longitudinal position of stations within watersheds. On the basis of presence-absence data for fish species, distinct faunal breaks were found in only 8 of the 23 streams. Qualitative faunal breaks were not significantly more common in any particular reach of streams, and the breaks did not correspond to changes in stream order. In 11 of 14 streams for which data on fish abundance were available, quantitative faunal breaks were found, but the locations of these breaks were unrelated to stream order or longitudinal position of stations in streams. Earlier studies have postulated that stream orders may represent distinct biological units for fishes. In contrast, this analysis shows that local fish faunas differ as much within as between adjacent stream orders, and suggests that stream order alone is not a pervasive organizer of lotic fish communities.
Linking consumer behavior theory to public policy, social policy, and the environment: Introduction to a special issue

F irst, we would like to express our appreciation to the individuals listed below who assisted m the review of the over 40 papers submitted for this Special Issue: Abernathy, Avery M., Auburn University; Alpert, Mark I., University of Texas; Arnould, Eric J., California State University, Longbeach; Beatty, Sharon E., University of Alabama; Biswas, Abhijit, Louisiana State University; Blair, M. Elizabeth, Ohio University; Boya, Unal, Arizona State University; Brooks, Bradley, University of South Carolina; Butler, Daniel D., Auburn University; Carlson, Les, Clemson University; Conover, Jerry N., Northern Arizona University; Cote, Joseph, Washington State University; Cromartie, Jane, University of New Orleans; Crask, Melvin R., University of Georgia; Della Bitta, Albert J., University of Rhode Island; Dunn, Mark G., Baylor University; Easley, Richard, Baylor University; Ferrell, 0. C., Memphis State University; Gaeth, Gary J., University of Iowa; Ghosh, Avijit, New York University; Goldsmith, Ronald E., Florida State University; Gray, James I., Florida Atlantic University; Grewel, Dhruv, University of Miami; Hawes, Douglas K., University of Wyoming; Higie, Robin Ann, University of Connecticut; Hirschman, Elizabeth C., Rutgers University; Hutchmson, Wes, University of Florida; Hutt, Michael D., Arizona State University; James, William L., Hofstra University; Kaicker, Ajit, Valdosta State University; Kamins, Michael A., University of Southern California; Leigh, Thomas W., University of Georgia; Loken, Barbara, University of Minnesota; Madden, Charles S., Baylor University; Manning, Kenneth C., University of South Carolina; McDaniel, Carl, University of Texas-Arlmgton; Mochis, George, Georgia State University; Moncrief, William, Texas Christian University; Motes, William H., University of Alabama; O’Guinn, Thomas, University of Ilhnois; Patton, Wesley E., III, Appalachian State Umversity; Piron, Francis, University of Alaska; Pitts, Robert, DePaul University; Preston, Ivan L., University of Wisconsin; Pride, Wilham M., Texas A & M University; Punj, Girish N., University of Connecticut; Puto, Christopher P., University of Arizona; Rao, Akshay R., University of Minnesota; Rao, C. P., Umversity
Influence of Trinexapac-Ethyl on Diamond Zoysiagrass in a Shade Environment

'Diamond' zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr.] has excellent shade tolerance when compared with other zoysiagrass cultivars. However, because of excessive shoot growth and carbohydrate depletion, turf stand declines with time when shade levels exceed 80%. Two separate studies were conducted to determine if the plant growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl (TE), which suppresses shoot growth, could improve turf performance of Diamond zoysiagrass under shade conditions. Well-established turf was subjected to a constant 86 and 88% shade in the greenhouse and polyhouse, respectively. Trinexapac-ethyl treatments included monthly applications at 0.048 kg a.i. ha -1 (MTE), bimonthly applications at 0.096 kg a.i. ha -1 (BTE), trimonthly applications at 0.192 kg a.i. ha -1 (TTE), and the untreated control. Treatments in 1997 were made from January through August for the greenhouse study and from April to September for the polyhouse study. Diamond receiving MTE and BTE maintained acceptable turf quality throughout the study, while turf quality of the control deteriorated to unacceptable levels <3 mo after shading. Diamond treated with TTE maintained better turf quality than that of the control, but was inferior to MTE and BTE treatments. Compared with control plots, turf receiving MTE and BTE had (i) 76 to 73% less shoot vertical growth and 77 to 75% less clippings, (ii) 40 to 38% higher total nonstructural carbohydrate content, (iii) 60 to 50% higher root mass and 51 to 46% higher root viability, and (iv) 48 to 42% higher photosynthesis. Results suggested that monthly or bimonthly repeated application of TE at 0.048 or 0.096 kg a.i. ha -1 greatly enhanced the shade tolerance of Diamond zoysiagrass.
Inflows/outflows at the transition between a coastal plain estuary and the coastal ocean

Abstract A series of numerical experiments were performed to study the dynamics at the transition region between a wide (Kelvin number between 2 and 3.6) coastal plain estuary and the adjacent coastal ocean. In particular, the separate effects of modifying the seaward discharge within the estuary, the coastal ambient flow, the coastal ocean bottom slope, and the initial salinity gradient were investigated. The numerical experiments were carried out in a flat-bottom estuary with a N-S orientation that is connected to the ocean in the E-W direction. Results show that increased seaward discharge at the estuary upstream boundary reduces volume inflow and increases volume outflow through a cross-section at the estuary mouth. A southward coastal ambient flow is responsible for increased volume inflow, for keeping estuarine outflow within a few kilometers from the coast, for increasing surface flow divergence at the estuary mouth, and for hindering inflow that originates to the south of the estuary. When the coastal ambient flow is suppressed, the bottom slope of the coastal ocean causes negligible effects to volume transports, to the dynamcal balances, and to the shape and extent of inflows/outflows compared to results over a flat bottom. These effects of the bottom slope become non-negligible but are still minor when the coastal ambient flow is active. A pulse of buoyant water at the estuary upstream boundary causes, after the discharge stops, increased volume inflow with respect to other experiments. Increased salinity gradients produce enlargements to the deformation radii, the volumes exchanged, and the regions directly influenced by inflows and outflows.
Intranuclear Structures in Neurones

ULTRA-THIN sections of the central nervous system of rats and mice, both normal and experimental, have been examined in the course of an electron microscopic investigation. A hitherto unreported structure has been demonstrated in the nuclei of neurones of the hippocampus and thalamus in four normal rats and in three rats and one mouse affected with the disease under study (scrapie1,2).
Practical Experience with Self-Directed Learning in Business and Industry Human Resource Development.

Major factors supporting the increased use of self-direction in learning strategies in business and industry are presented, and the types of application are explored, with special emphasis on techniques for overcoming resistance to the new approaches.
The Transnational Contexts of Early Twentieth-Century American Urban Segregation

This article looks at the debates surrounding Baltimore's 1910 Segregation Ordinance in transnational context. It asks whether the beliefs and actions of Baltimore's segregationists were connected to those deployed in hundreds of other efforts to segregate cities by race worldwide-in Asia, Africa, Australasia, and elsewhere in the Americas—during the same period. Using a comparison focussed on India, South Africa and the U.S., it argues that three interconnected and transnationally traded political conversations—concerning conflict between races "commingled" in the same geographic areas; concerning solutions of urban problems; and concerning middle-class control of urban property markets—were critical to urban segregationist discourse in places with otherwise very different histories. Because of local and national conditions, including well-organized black resistance, supporters of Baltimore's Ordinance drew on some of these languages more than others. Their heavy reliance on the argument that blacks threatened white property values was typical of the politics of America's "marketized" form of segregation, which threatens to become a transnational export in its own right. The paper seeks to use closely textured social-historical research and a wide-ranging synthetic reading of the history of cities elsewhere in the world as a means to understand and document world-historical phenomena.
Variation in Myoglobin Denaturation and Color of Cooked Beef, Pork, and Turkey Meat as Influenced by pH, Sodium Chloride, Sodium Tripolyphosphate, and Cooking Temperature

This study investigated the effects of pH (5.50–7.00), sodium chloride concentration (0.0–3.0%), and sodium tripolyphosphate concentration (0.0 and 0.5%) on the percent myoglobin denatured (PMD) in beef, pork and turkey muscle when heated to temperatures between 55 and 83°C. At most temperatures studied, the presence of sodium chloride and sodium tripolyphosphate increased the PMD. In contrast, high pH markedly decreased the PMD (P<0.05). The effect of pH on PMD was similar for all three species studied and, in all cases, was sufficient to produce obvious color differences in the cooked muscles.
Kinematics of the Human Pelvis Following Open Book Injury

The objective of this study is to determine the three dimensional kinematics of the human pelvis including both sacroiliac joints following a simulated open book fracture induced on cadavers by applying anterior-posterior compressive loads to the pelvis. An electromagnetic digitizing and motion tracking system was utilized to measure the morphology of the pelvis and the relative movements of its bones during this simulated open book fracture. The screw displacement axis method was used to describe the relative motions between the sacrum and each hip bone. Morphologically, it was found that the articular surfaces forming the sacroiliac joints can be approximated with planar surfaces directed from proximal and lateral to distal and medial and from posteromedial to anterolateral. The kinematic data indicate that the motion of the hip bone with respect to the sacrum on the side of the sacroiliac joint (SIJ) opening is almost a pure rotation which translates clinically on the A-P x-rays as pure opening of the SIJ without vertical displacement. The average axis of rotation was found to be almost parallel to the SIJ planar articular surface.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
A cost-benefit analysis of Tulsa's IDA program

This article presents findings from a cost-benefit analysis of the Tulsa Individual Development Account (IDA) program, a demonstration program that was initiated in the late 1990s and is being evaluated through random assignment. The program put particular emphasis on using savings subsidies to help partici- pants accumulate housing assets. The key follow-up data used in the evaluation was collected around 10 years after random assignment, about 6 years after the program ended. The results imply that, during this 10-year observation period, program participants gained from the program and that the program resulted in net costs to the government and private donors, and that society as a whole was probably worse off as a consequence of the program. The article examines in some detail whether these findings are robust to a number of different consid- erations, including the assumptions upon which the results depend, uncertainly reflected by the standard errors of the impact estimates used to derive the benefits and costs, and omitted benefits and costs, and concludes that they are essentially robust. For example, a Monte Carlo analysis suggests that the probability that the societal net benefits of the Tulsa program were negative during the observation period is over 90% and that the probability that the loss to society exceeded $1000 is 80%. Further analysis considered benefits and costs that might occur beyond the observation period. Based on this analysis, it appeared plausible, although far from certain, that the societal net benefits of the Tulsa program could even- tually become positive. This would occur if the program's apparent positive net impact on educational attainment generates substantial positive effects on the earnings of program participants after the observation period ended. However, there was no evidence that the educational impacts had yet begun to produce positive effects on earnings by the end of the observation period.
IDeixis: image-based Deixis for finding location-based information

We demonstrate an image-based approach to specifying location and finding location-based information from camera-equipped mobile devices. We introduce a point-by-photograph paradigm, where users can specify a location simply by taking pictures. Our technique uses content-based image retrieval methods to search the web or other databases for matching images and their source pages to find relevant location-based information. In contrast to conventional approaches to location detection, our method can refer to distant locations and does not require any physical infrastructure beyond mobile internet service. We have developed a prototype on a camera phone and conducted user studies to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach compared to other alternatives.
Permeation of a Metalworking Fluid Through a Latex Glove Under Field Use Conditions

Whole glove testing for a metalworking fluid (MWF) in the field was performed for the first time. Green latex gloves used in a machine shop were exposed for 20 min to MWF. The permeated amount (1.0 ± 0.5 μg/cm2) was higher than the threshold (0.25 μg/cm2) for the ASTM F739-99a closed-loop normalized breakthrough time.
Statistical balance of vorticity and a new scale for vortical structures in turbulence.

The balance of one-point and two-point statistical characterics of vorticity, is considered on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. It is shown that within the inertial range of scales (L ${\mathrm{Re}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/4}$\ensuremath{\ll}r\ensuremath{\ll}L, L external scale, Re Reynolds number) there is a physically distinguished scale ${\mathit{l}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\sim}L ${\mathrm{Re}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3/10}$. The balance of vortical correlations with scales r\ensuremath{\ge}${\mathit{l}}_{\mathit{s}}$ is directly affected by the large-scale motion. ${\mathit{l}}_{\mathit{s}}$ is a natural length scale for the ``vortex strings,'' observed experimentally and numerically in three-dimensional turbulent flows. The twist of vortex lines in the internal structure of vortex strings is also briefly discussed.
Fundamental studies of crude oil-surface water interactions and its relationship to reservoir wettability

Abstract A fundamental understanding of the wettability of rock surfaces by crude oil and brine requires a good description of the intermolecular interactions between the different phases in contact. The aim of our study was to directly measure those interactions and to establish their implications for observed wetting behavior. A Surface Forces Apparatus (SFA) was used to measure the adsorption on and the forces between two molecularly smooth mica surfaces confining thin films of crude oil, brine or both, at different conditions of pH and salinity. By modifying one or both surfaces by controlled pre-adsorption of surface-active polar species from the crude oil, the interaction between mica and oil in brine, or oil and oil in brine was also determined. From contact angle measurements a ‘wettability map’ was established for the system investigated showing the regions of different contact angles or ‘wettability’ as a function of pH and ionic strength. This wettability map was found to be correlated with the independently measured surface forces and adsorption. The relative importance of different colloidal forces (van der Waals, electrostatic, etc.) on the observed wetting behavior was established, and in some cases quantitative agreement between measured contact angles and measured adhesion forces was obtained. It is shown that in addition to van der Waals and electrostatic forces (included in the DLVO theory), polymer-like interactions of adsorbed asphaltene layers are involved in the overall process. It was further established that the concept of an intrinsically oil-wet or water-wet surface or reservoir cannot, in general, be correct: depending on the nature of the oil and brine, different species in a crude oil will adsorb on the mineral surfaces and at the oil–water interface, thereby determining the wetting behavior of a reservoir or rock.
Genetic affinities of the North American species of Hibiscus sect. Trionum

Study of herbarium specimens, crossing behavior, chromosome conjugation, and live populations has shown that the endemic North American species ofHibiscus sect.Trionum comprise two distinct genetic groups.Hibiscus militaris Cav. andH. coccineus Walt, crossed readily and yielded fertile Fi’s. Also,H. incanus Wendl.,H. moscheutos L., andH. lasiocarpos Cav. crossed freelyinter se, and the hybrids were all vigorous and fertile. However, crosses of these three forms with eitherH. militaris orH. coccineus gave lethal hybrids. Preliminary evidence suggests thatH. palustris L. is similar toH. moscheutos, H. incanus, andH. lasiocarpos in crossing behavior. These four forms were found to occur in distinct geographical areas. They may be considered as ecotypes of a single ecospecies.H. grandiflorus Michx. is morphologically related to this alliance, but yielded a viable fertile hybrid when crossed withH. coccineus. Further study of the affinities ofH. grandiflorus andH. palustris is in progress.
A NEW TECHNIQUE FOR EFFICIENT AND ACCURATE ANALYSIS OF FSSs, EBGs AND METAMATERIALS

The article presents a numerically efficient and accurate technique for the analysis of doubly-infinite periodic arrays, which find applications as frequency selective surfaces, electronic bandgap structures and metamaterials that often utilize periodic elements with fine features. The method derives its efficiency by projecting the solution to the infinite array problem from that of a corresponding truncated array of relatively small size, typically comprising of only four to six rings. Furthermore, it reduces the matrix size needed to solve for the induced current to only two or three. Another feature of the method is that it involves reciprocity principle to compute the reflection and transmission coefficients of the array, using a technique that avoids the need to integrate the currents induced on the unit cell via the periodic Green's function, as well as the evaluation of the latter integral in the far-field. The results derived are compared with commercial software tools to assess the validity of the approach and to demonstrate the time advantage of the present scheme over the existing techniques. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:1108-1116, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/ mop.26730
The Sociodemographic Characteristics of Mexican Immigrant Status Groups: Implications for Studying Undocumented Mexicans.

Based on Warren and Passels...estimate that nearly two-thirds of Mexican-born noncitizens entering the U.S. during 1975-80 and included in the 1980 Census are undocumented immigrants this article uses the 1980 Public Use Microfiles to delineate four Mexican origin immigrant status groups--post 1975 Mexican-born noncitizens pre-1975 Mexican-born noncitizens self-reported naturalized citizens and native-born Mexican-Americans. It is found that "the pattern of sociodemographic differences among these groups provides support for the idea that the first two categories contain a substantial fraction of undocumented immigrants. These two groups (especially the first) reveal characteristics that one would logically associate with undocumented immigrants--age concentration (in young adult years) high sex ratios low education and income levels and lack of English proficiency." (EXCERPT)
Coordination of diorganotellurides to cobalt(III) in cobaloximes

Abstract The unexpectedly aqueous stable bis-tellurium cationic complex [Co(dmgH)2{PhTe(CH2)3SO3Na}2]+(1+) (dmgH− = dimethylglyoximate) has been fully characterized in the solid state and in solution. The UV–Vis spectrum of 1+ differs from that of earlier cobaloximes, exhibiting a new low energy band centered at λmax = 425 nm (e ∼ 26155 dm3 mol−1 cm−1) and assigned with DFT calculations to allowed LMCT transitions. 1H, 13C, and 125Te NMR spectra show unequivocally that two diastereomers exist equally in water, 50% of the achiral C2h meso-[Co(dmgH)2{R,S-PhTe(CH2)3SO3Na}2]+ and 50% of the chiral C2 rac-[Co(dmgH)2{PhTe(CH2)3SO3Na}2]+ (25% of each enantiomer [Co(dmgH)2{R,R-PhTe(CH2)3SO3Na}2]+ and [Co(dmgH)2{S,S-PhTe(CH2)3SO3Na}2]+). The solid-state structure of the meso diastereomer has been solved. Neutral mono-tellurium complexes [CoCl(dmgH)2{Te(p-MeO–C6H4)2}](2) and [CoCl(dpgH)2{Te(p-MeO–C6H4)2}](3) (dpgH− = diphenylglyoximate) have also been characterized in the solid (3) state and in solution (2 and 3). The structural results provide the first examples of Co(III)–Te bonds. The solid-state structure of the related cobaloxime salt [Co(dmgH)2(py)2][CoCl2(dmgH)2] obtained during one synthesis is also reported.
Unstable optical resonator loss calculations using the prony method

The eigenvalues for all the significant low-order resonant modes of an unstable optical resonator with circular mirrors are computed using an eigenvalue method called the Prony method. A general equivalence relation is also given, by means of which one can obtain the design parameters for a single-ended unstable resonator of the type usually employed in practical lasers, from the calculated or tabulated values for an equivalent symmetric or double-ended unstable resonator.
An efficient numerical approach to studying impact ionization in sub-micrometer devices

A positive feedback model is introduced to facilitate numerical calculations of the impact-ionization current gain in sub-micrometer devices. Demonstrations of this model's applicability are done through Monte Carlo simulations to fit the experimental data of short p-i-n diodes. It is shown from the simulations' results that the phonon-collision broadening effect and the intra-collisional field effect play an important role in the II process in deep sub-micrometer devices. It is also shown, for the first time, that the impact-ionization rates at very low energies can be extracted from the measured current gain in short p-i-n diodes.
Oxygen-atom concentrations measured in flames: a method to improve the accuracy of laser-induced fluorescence diagnostics.

A procedure is proposed, denoted as the corrected laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method, that reduces the error associated with the unavoidable photodissociation of O2 molecules that has limited the measurement of oxygen–atom concentrations in the past. Two different laser intensities are employed, and the two signals that are obtained with two-photon LIF diagnostics are used to correct for the photolysis error. We measured oxygen–atom concentrations using this method at 33 locations in lean and rich flames. Results are compared with values determined by use of two independent techniques: the partial equilibrium method and equilibrium calculations. The measurements also quantify the shot noise, the photolysis errors, and the critical laser intensity required to avoid photolysis errors.
The enduring impact of borderline personality pathology: Risk for threatening life events in later middle-age.

Both neuroticism and borderline personality disorder (BPD) are associated with increased frequency of stressful life events in young adults. It is not clear, however, whether this effect extends to later life because BPD is apparently diminished in frequency and severity when people reach middle adulthood. This issue was examined in a representative, community sample of men and women between the ages of 55 and 64 (N = 1,234). Ten DSM-IV PDs and neuroticism were assessed at baseline using a semistructured interview (SIDP-IV) and questionnaire (NEO-PI-R). Life events were measured 6 months later with a self-report questionnaire (LTE-Q) followed by a telephone interview. BPD features and neuroticism predicted increased frequency of life events, based on both self and interviewer-adjusted reports of negative life events. Avoidant and paranoid PD features predicted decreased frequency of negative life events. Approximately 42% of events reported on the LTE-Q were discounted following the telephone interview; higher scores on BPD symptoms were associated with more adjustments to self-report of threatening experiences. These findings indicate that symptoms of BPD and neuroticism continue to have a harmful impact on the lives of older adults.
Classifying Japonica Rice Cultivars with RAPD Markers

Two major subspecies of rice (Oryza sativa L.), indica and japonica, are widely recognized. Japonica rice, which includes temperate and upland (tropical) cultivars, has been less well characterized by DNA markers than indica rice. The present study was undertaken to quantify genetic diversity with random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in a sample of 134 predominately japonica cultivars and two wild species (O. nivara Sharma et Shastry and O. rufipogon Griffith). Ten oligonucleotide primers produced 30 bands showing clear polymorphisms. The indica and japonica cultivars were classified into separate groups by cluster analysis. Clustering was less pronounced within the japonica group. Tropical japonicas (including U.S. long-grain types) usually clustered together but no firm boundary was found between the tropical and temperate types. Canonical discriminant analysis indicated that the distance between the indica group and each japonica subgroup was approximately equal and was much greater than the distance between the two japonica subgroups. Additional primers led to better resolution of closely related cultivars. Genetic distances estimated from RAPD banding patterns were correlated with those estimated by coefficients of parentage (r=0.59, P<0.001). In conclusion, RAPDs are useful for classification of japonica rice cultivars, but many primers will be needed to resolve closely related japonica cultivars. Maximum genetic diversity for gene mapping or exploiting F 1 hybrid vigor within japonica cultivars can be obtained in crosses between selected temperate (or U.S. short and medium grain) and tropical (or U.S. long grain) parents
Regional MRI measures and neuropsychological test for multi-dimensional analysis in Alzheimer's disease

Regional brain atrophy is a typical structural symptom of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans capture brain structure with high resolution and are often processed with automated segmentation and parcellation algorithm (e.g. Freesurfer) to generate regional measures, like cortical volume, cortical thickness and surface area, which are widely used as inputs in classification algorithms. This study aims to find out which combination of MRI measures and neuropsychological test coupled with different normalization techniques can best predict AD using a proposed multivariate feature selection and classification method. A total of 189 subjects with 60 Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 129 cognitively normal (CN) are included in this study. Freesurfer was used to obtain 34 cortical thickness measures and 35 surface area measures for each hemisphere and 55 regional volumes across the brain. Statistically significant variables selected for each model were used to construct the multi-dimensional space for further classification using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Different normalization approaches were explored to gauge if the classification performance could be improved. Results indicate neuropsychological test score contains the most discriminative information among single measure models, and out of the three MRI measures, cortical volume is a better predicator than the other two. Normalization approaches are seen not to enhance the performance much if any. Hierarchical model of neuropsychological test and cortical volumes without normalization yield the best classification accuracy for this study.
Imaging Fourier transform spectrometry of chemical plumes

A midwave infrared (MWIR) imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), the Telops FIRST-MWE (Field-portable Imaging Radiometric Spectrometer Technology - Midwave Extended) has been utilized for the standoff detection and characterization of chemical plumes. Successful collection and analysis of MWIR hyperspectral imagery of jet engine exhaust has allowed us to produce spatial profiles of both temperature and chemical constituent concentrations of exhaust plumes. Successful characterization of this high temperature combustion event has led to the collection and analysis of hyperspectral imagery of lower temperature emissions from industrial smokestacks. This paper presents MWIR data from remote collection of hyperspectral imagery of methyl salicilate (MeS), a chemical warfare agent simulant, during the Chemical Biological Distributed Early Warning System (CBDEWS) test at Dugway Proving Grounds, UT in 2008. The data did not contain spectral lines associated with emission of MeS. However, a few broad spectral features were present in the background-subtracted plume spectra. Further analysis will be required to assign these features, and determine the utility of MWIR hyperspectral imagery for analysis of chemical warfare agent plumes.
Optimum Effort and Rent Distribution in the Gulf of Mexico Shrimp Fishery: Comment

In a 1976 Journal paper Griffin, Lacewell, and Nichols (GLN) present a discussion of optimal utilization of fisheries which directly considers the share system of remuneration and the possibility that some costs are related to the catch size. They present two main conclusions. First, adherence to the traditional fisheries model will lead to incorrect policy recommendations if its assumptions do not hold. Second, with a fixed-share system, if the fishery is operating at less than the open access equilibrium level of effort, the earned rents will be distributed between vessel owners and crew members. In the traditional model, where labor is assumed to receive an opportunity cost wage rate, any accrued rents will go only to vessel owners. The conclusion that rents can be earned by crew members has important distribution and efficiency implications and is a contribution to literature on fisheries economics. However, the article contains the three errors which weaken its impact and could lead to an improper interpretation of these implications. (a) The equation derived for optimal fishery utilization erroneously indicates that the optimal level of effort depends upon the share rate chosen. (b) In the empirical estimates section, they correct for the above error but introduce another by allowing a transfer payment to be included as an opportunity cost measure. (c) They incorrectly conclude that, to achieve an optimal level of effort using a tax system, both vessel owners and crew members have to be taxed. In addition, there is a general misconception in the paper captured in the following quote from the abstract. "When crews receive a fixed share of gross returns, labor costs are proportional to catch ..." This is only true for pecuniary or financial costs. In their model the opportunity cost of labor is not affected by the way revenues and/or cash costs are shared. The first two of their errors are related to this confusion between financial and opportunity cost.
Smooth Muscle Myosin Heavy Chain Isoform Distribution in the Swine Stomach

To evaluate the distribution of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain isoforms (SMB, with head insert), we examined frozen sections from the various regions of swine stomachs using isoform-specific antibodies. We previously reported variable SMB myosin heavy chain (MHC) expression in stomach cells that correlates with unloaded shortening velocities. This is consistent with the generalization of tonic fundic muscle having low expression and phasic antral muscle having high expression of the SMB MHC isoform. Using immunohistochemistry (IHC), we show a progression of the SMB MHC from very low immunoreactivity in the fundus to very intense immunoreactivity in the antrum. In the body, the average level of SMB MHC immunoreactivity lies between that of the antrum and fundus. Intercellular heterogeneity was observed in all stomach regions to a similar extent. However, the intercellular range in SMB MHC immunoreactivity decreases from fundus to antrum. All stomach regions show isolated pockets or clusters of cells with similar SMB MHC immunoreactivity. There is a non-uniform intracellular immunoreactivity in SMB MHC, with many cells showing greater-intensity staining of SMB MHC in their cell peripheries. This information may prove useful in helping to elucidate possible unique physiological roles of SMB MHC.
Retromer in Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease and other neurological disorders

Retromer is a protein assembly that has a central role in endosomal trafficking, and retromer dysfunction has been linked to a growing number of neurological disorders. First linked to Alzheimer disease, retromer dysfunction causes a range of pathophysiological consequences that have been shown to contribute to the core pathological features of the disease. Genetic studies have established that retromer dysfunction is also pathogenically linked to Parkinson disease, although the biological mechanisms that mediate this link are only now being elucidated. Most recently, studies have shown that retromer is a tractable target in drug discovery for these and other disorders of the nervous system.
Supercooling in a two-dimensional Lennard-Jones mixture

A mixture of large and small Lennard-Jones particles is studied; in the study we focus on the relations among temperature, packing, structure, and transport in the supercooled state. As the temperature decreases, one sees increasing component separation, and local ordering. Clusters consisting of only small particles grow in size with time and cooling; the dominant local structure in those clusters is hexagonal. The rest of the system, including almost all large and some small particles, remains amorphous, with local order dictated by the geometry of dense packing of mixed large and small particles. To study these effects independently, we modified the conventional model by managing the relaxation of large particles. At low temperatures, the diffusion of small particles dramatically decreases when the large particles are frozen. An interpretation of these findings based on the local rearrangement kinetics is proposed.
Partial agonist, telmisartan, maintains PPARγ serine 112 phosphorylation, and does not affect osteoblast differentiation and bone mass.

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) controls both glucose metabolism and an allocation of marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) toward osteoblast and adipocyte lineages. Its activity is determined by interaction with a ligand which directs posttranscriptional modifications of PPARγ protein including dephosphorylation of Ser112 and Ser273, which results in acquiring of pro-adipocytic and insulin-sensitizing activities, respectively. PPARγ full agonist TZD rosiglitazone (ROSI) decreases phosphorylation of both Ser112 and Ser273 and its prolonged use causes bone loss in part due to diversion of MSCs differentiation from osteoblastic toward adipocytic lineage. Telmisartan (TEL), an anti-hypertensive drug from the class of angiotensin receptor blockers, also acts as a partial PPARγ agonist with insulin-sensitizing and a weak pro-adipocytic activity. TEL decreased S273pPPARγ and did not affect S112pPPARγ levels in a model of marrow MSC differentiation, U-33/γ2 cells. In contrast to ROSI, TEL did not affect osteoblast phenotype and actively blocked ROSI-induced anti-osteoblastic activity and dephosphorylation of S112pPPARγ. The effect of TEL on bone was tested side-by-side with ROSI. In contrast to ROSI, TEL administration did not affect bone mass and bone biomechanical properties measured by micro-indentation method and did not induce fat accumulation in bone, and it partially protected from ROSI-induced bone loss. In addition, TEL induced “browning” of epididymal white adipose tissue marked by increased expression of UCP1, FoxC2, Wnt10b and IGFBP2 and increased overall energy expenditure. These studies point to the complexity of mechanisms by which PPARγ acquires anti-osteoblastic and pro-adipocytic activities and suggest an importance of Ser112 phosphorylation status as being a part of the mechanism regulating this process. These studies showed that TEL acts as a full PPARγ agonist for insulin-sensitizing activity and as a partial agonist/partial antagonist for pro-adipocytic and anti-osteoblastic activities. They also suggest a relationship between PPARγ fat “browning” activity and a lack of anti-osteoblastic activity.
Differences in Lateral Membrane Organization in Fibroblasts Expressing Low and High Levels of the Influenza Viral Protein Hemagglutinin

Lateral organization in cell membranes is crucial for biological processes such as endocytosis, signaling, protein transport, membrane trafficking and viral infection. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an influenza viral envelope transmembrane protein which has been shown to be associated with the liquid ordered (lo) phase. Fibroblasts that constitutively express HA, referred to as HAb2 cells, were used to characterize the lateral organization of HA. Since HAb2 cells have cell-to-cell variability in the membrane density of HA, cells with low and high expression levels of HA containing more consistent densities of HA were also used. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), confocal microscopy and fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) were used to characterize membrane organization after labeling cells with fluorescent probes and/or transfecting with either EGFP-HA or Dendra2-HA. Preliminary FCS results show that the diffusion of the liquid-disordered (ld) phase probe Lissamine Rhodamine DOPE is similar in cells with high and low HA expression levels i.e. the amount of HA present does not influence the diffusion time. Confocal microscopy was used to study the effect of HA expression level on the extent of phase separation observed after blebbing was induced by DMSO treatment. FPALM was used to obtain details about membrane organization at the nanometer length scale.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of Wake-Induced Transition on a Compressor-Like Flat Plate

Recent experimental work has documented the importance of wake passing on the behavior of transitional boundary layers on the suction surface of axial compressor blades. This paper documents computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations using a commercially available general-purpose CFD solver, performed on a representative case with unsteady transitional behavior. The study implements an advanced version of a three-equation eddy-viscosity model previously developed and documented by the authors, which is capable of resolving boundary layer transition. It is applied to the test cases of steady and unsteady boundary layer transition on a two-dimensional flat plate geometry with a freestream velocity distribution representative of the suction side of a compressor airfoil. The CFD results are analyzed and compared to a similar experimental test case from the open literature. Results with the model show a dramatic improvement over more typical Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS)-based modeling approaches, and highlight the importance of resolving transition in both steady and unsteady compressor aerosimulations.
Photodissoziation durch UV‐Licht: Anwendungen in der massenspektrometrischen Proteomforschung

Die Auswertung aller Informationen in einem Proteom ist eine Herausforderung fur die chemische Analyse, doch winkt als Lohn ein enormer Wissenszuwachs. Die Massenspektrometrie bietet eine einmalige Auswahl an Verfahren fur verschiedene Ansatze der Proteomanalyse. Vor kurzem wurde gezeigt, dass man mit UV-Bestrahlung eine eindeutige Fragmentierung von Peptiden und Proteinen induzieren kann. Dabei ist eine unspezifische Dissoziation ebenso moglich wie eine hochspezifische Dissoziation an kunstlich eingefuhrten Chromophoren, nachdem diese ein Photon absorbiert haben. Die Spezifitat und Kontrollierbarkeit der Fragmentierung in solchen Experimenten sind besser als bei anderen Fragmentierungsverfahren. Von neuen Methoden, die auf dieser Technik beruhen, erwartet man wichtige Beitrage zur Proteomforschung.
Responsiveness of breathing control centers to CO2 and neurogenic stimuli.

Abstract If the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2 indicative of the overall responsiveness of brainstem breathing control centers, then a stimulus to ventilation dependent on the control centers but independent of CO2 should produce a ventilation increase positively correlated with the response to CO2. Neurogenic stimuli causing exercise hyperpnea do not appear to interact with CO2, and we have examined the relationship between the neurogenic component of exercise hyperpnea and ventilatory response to CO2. Ventilation due to the neurogenic stimuli was measured in 10 normal men as the rapid change in ventilation at both onset and cessation of exercise on a treadmill, while ventilatory response to CO2 was determined by a rebreathing method. A wide range of response to CO2 was found among individuals, but a positive correlation with the responses to neurogenic stimuli was not observed. These data suggest that ventilatory response to CO2 may not be an index of the overall responsiveness of the breathing control centers.
Reactions of p-coumaric acid with nitrite: product isolation and mechanism studies.

p-Coumaric acid (1) is an abundant plant phenolic acid, a dietary chemoprotectant, and an antioxidant. The chemoprotective properties of 1 were demonstrated in vitro by its reaction with NaNO2 in H2O over a range of pH values. The reaction pathway of 1 with nitrite is dependent on pH. 4-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (3, 16%), 1‘,4-dihydroxybenzeneacetaldehyde oxime (5, 59%), and 4-hydroxy-1‘-oxo-benzeneacetaldehyde aldoxime (7, 26%) and 7-hydroxy-1,2(4H)-benzoxazin-4-one (11, 6%) were each formed at pH 2, whereas 4-(2-oxido-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)phenol (13) was formed at pH 3 (6%) and pH 7 and 10 (both 1%). Products were isolated and characterized by NMR and MS spectral analyses. Formation of benzoxazinone (11) requires the 4-phenolic functional group and the conjugated propenoic acid side chain of p-coumaric acid. The mechanism for nitrosation at pH 2 was examined by reacting 1 in H218O/NaNO2. Keywords: p-Coumaric acid; reaction with nitrite; nitrosation mechanism; 7-hydroxy-1,2(4H)-benzoxazin-4-one, 4-(2-oxido-1,2...
The low temperature specific heat of EuS in a magnet field

Abstract The heat capacity of ferromagnetic EuS has been measured in a magnetic field at liquid helium temperatures. The experimental results compare favorably with spin wave calculations and indicate first and second neighbor exchange interactions of J 1 / k B = 0.20 ° K and of J 2 / k B = -0.06 ° K respectively.