cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jean Genet and the Black Panther Party

During the second week of March 1970, the renowned novelist and playwright Jean Genet entered the United States clandestinely. For the next two months this white Frenchman traversed the nation, speaking on behalf of the Black Panther Party at City College of New York, MIT, Yale, Columbia, UCLA, and Stanford. On these campuses, as well as in downtown Los Angeles, New Haven, and Stonybrook, Long Island, Genet implored young whites to support the Panthers, whom he considered the victims of unwarranted official repression and the vanguard of a Marxist revolution that would soon bring down a corrupt America. At the time of Genet's arrival, the Black Panther Party's leadership was decimated and its funds severely depleted. Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, who had founded the party in 1966, were both in prison. Newton had been incarcerated following the October 1967 shootout in which he was wounded and an Oakland patrolman killed. Seale, charged in August 1969 with murdering a New Haven Panther suspected of being a police informant, faced electrocution if convicted. Panther Minister of Information Eldridge Cleaver had fled to Cuba, then to Algeria, rather than stand trial for a gun battle with Oakland
NoCMsg: scalable NoC-based message passing

Current processor design with ever more cores may ensure that theoretical compute performance still follows past increases (resting from Moore's law), but they also increasingly present a challenge to hardware and software alike. As the core count increases, the network-on-chip (NoC) topology has changed from buses over rings and fully connected meshes to 2D meshes. The question is which programming paradigm provides the scalability needed to ensure performance is close to theoretical peak, where 2D meshes provide the most scalable design to date.This work contributes NoCMsg, a low-level message passing abstraction over NoCs. NoCMsg is specifically designed for large core counts in 2D meshes. Its design ensures deadlock free messaging for wormhole Manhattan-path routing over the NoC. Experimental results on the TilePro hardware platform show that NoCMsg can significantly reduce communication times by up to 86% for single packet messages and up to 40% for larger messages compared to other NoC-based message approaches. Results further demonstrate the potential of NoC messaging to outperform shared memory abstractions by up to 93% as core counts and inter-process communication increase, i.e., we observe that shared memory scales up to about 16 cores while message passing performs well beyond that threshold on this platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first head-on comparison of shared memory and advanced message passing specifically designed for NoCs on an actual hardware platform with larger core counts on a single socket.
Burden of Blood Pressure–Related Alleles Is Associated With Larger Hematoma Volume and Worse Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is the acute manifestation of a progressive disease of the cerebral small vessels. The severity of this disease seems to influence not only risk of ICH but also the size of the hematoma. As the burden of high blood pressure–related alleles is associated with both hypertension-related end-organ damage and risk of ICH, we sought to determine whether this burden influences ICH baseline hematoma volume. Methods—Prospective study in subjects of European descent with supratentorial ICH who underwent genome-wide genotyping. Forty-two single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with high blood pressure were identified from a publicly available database. A genetic risk score was constructed based on these single nucleotide polymorphisms. The score was used as the independent variable in univariate and multivariate regression models for admission ICH volume and poor clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale, 3–6). Results—A total of 323 ICH cases were enrolled in t...
The diachroneity of alluvial-fan lithostratigraphy? A test case from southeastern Ebro basin magnetostratigraphy

Abstract Alluvial-fan strata contain valuable proxy data for kinematic, climatic and sediment-flux phenomena associated with high-relief source regions. Proper application of this data is dependent upon acquisition of accurate high-resolution chronostratigraphic data, best achieved through magnetostratigraphy. Collection of magnetostratigraphic and other proxy data from composite alluvial-fan sections assumes the chronostratigraphic significance of lithostratigraphy. We present the first test of this assumption with new magnetostratigraphy collected from Paleogene rocks of the southeastern Ebro basin. We report five new magnetostratigraphic sections that collectively sample 850 m of alluvial-fan and associated fluvial strata. One-hundred meters of lithostratigraphic overlap between these sections reveals equivalent magnetic polarities over short along-strike distances (∼200–2000 m). However, lithostratigraphic correlation of these sections with the magnetostratigraphy of continuously exposed strata eight km away reveals discrepancies in magnetic polarity trends and age interpretations. Correlation of our 760 m composite magnetostratigraphic section with the Paleogene geomagnetic polarity time scale suggests that this section spans from ca. 31.3 to 27.7 Ma (C12r–C9n; early to late Oligocene). This correlation implies steady sedimentation rates of ∼12 cm/ka for fluvial facies and ∼32 cm/ka for alluvial-fan facies. Alternative interpretations that force chronostratigraphic correlation with the lithostratigraphically equivalent interval generate unsteady and/or unlikely sedimentation rates in one or both of the stratigraphies and require rejection of multiple well-constrained polarity zones. The absence of significant surfaces of erosion or paleosol development argue against these alternative interpretations and suggest that even in the best exposed study areas, alluvial-fan successions may be diachronous and preclude lateral extrapolation of chronostratigraphic and other proxy data. Interpretations and models based upon data collected from alluvial-fan strata may be tenuous unless supported by sufficient spatial overlap to constrain the relationship between time surfaces and rock surfaces.
Effect of Colloidal Goethite and Kaolinite on Colorimetric Phosphate Analysis

Filtration through 0.45-μm filters provides a convenient and widely used operational separation between dissolved and particulate P, yet colloidal P is included in the filtrate with true dissolved P. In addition, centrifugation is often used to separate solids from solution during PO 4 sorption experiments, but colloids can be present in the supernatant solution. It is not known whether colloid-sorbed PO 4 is detected colorimetrically in solutions that have not been pretreated to release colloidal PO 4 . The objectives of this research were to determine whether colloid-sorbed PO 4 is detected colorimetrically and whether the type and size of colloid, the pH during PO 4 sorption, or the sorption reaction time affect the extent to which colloid-sorbed PO 4 is detected colorimetrically. To accomplish these objectives, 10 mg L -1 suspensions of 40-to 100-nm and 100- to 450-nm kaolinite and goethite were reacted with sodium phosphate solutions (4, 8, and 16 μM PO 4 ) at pH 4.5 and 7 in 10 mM NaCl for 1 and 10 d. The concentration of PO 4 that was not detected colorimetrically in the presence of colloids (i.e., nonreactive PO 4 ) was calculated as the difference between PO 4 in colloid-free blanks and colloid-containing samples, whereas PO 4 sorption was measured in samples that had been ultrafiltered through a 4-nm membrane to separate colloids from solution. Nonreactive PO 4 , which represents the fraction of sorbed PO 4 for which desorption kinetics are slow compared with the colorimetric analysis time, ranged from 2% to >35% of total PO 4 (P tot ) and from 20 to 100% of sorbed PO 4 , depending upon P tot , colloid type, and reaction time. Nonreactive PO 4 was about two times greater after 10-d than 1-d reaction and about 1.4 times greater for large than small colloids, even though small colloids sorbed more PO 4 . Nonreactive PO 4 was greater at pH 4.5 than 7 and was greater for goethite than kaolinite. Nonreactive PO 4 was independent of P tot , although sorbed PO 4 increased with increasing P tot . Thus, each type of colloid apparently has a finite capacity to retain sorbed PO 4 in nonreactive sites. Because sorbed PO 4 is not uniformly detected colorimetrically, accurate quantitation of the colloid-sorbed PO 4 will require additional pretreatments such as dissolution of the colloids in strong acid.
Students: heal thyself

During the fall semester of 2004, the User Services department at the University of Delaware serviced over 2000 student machines that were either flagged for virus/copyright violations or were brought in voluntarily. This was becoming a full-time job for the staff that were cleaning these machines. The stress of seeing a never-ending appointment schedule of machines and a mountain of student computers in our offices prompted management to reevaluate our process. It was apparent that students were making no effort to comply with our instructions and warnings to protect their systems.We decided it was time for a change! But how do you make students listen? Obviously losing their connection for two to three weeks while they waited for an appointment to get their computer "fixed" was not a strong enough incentive. Nor were our efforts to get them to read and follow recommendations to protect their machines working. Management decided it was time to start charging students for our services. This took effect at the beginning of our spring semester of 2005. To support this new initiative, we consolidated and enhanced all our online documentation under one security page that students could easily follow based on their operating system and specific needs.Early results show a dramatic decrease in the number of students bringing their machines to us. Instead, students are finally making an effort to understand and follow our recommendations. Our poster will show the step-by-step instructions and supporting documentation we developed to support our self-help initiative.
A Game-Theoretic Model of Corporate Takeovers by Major Stockholders

This paper models the exchange between cash and decision power among all stockholders in a company with two major stockholders. It investigates the feasibility and profitability of corporate takeovers, and shows the existence, under some conditions, of pairs of Nash equilibrium strategies that result in one major stockholder taking control of the company. Finally, it solves for threat-resistant strategies takeover offers that will not be outbid for both major players, and concludes with a threat-resistant Nash equilibrium solution to the model.
First Photometric Observations and Preliminary Results of Binaries FO Aurigae and V1025 Herculis

It is the first time complete light curves have been acquired and a more thorough analysis has taken place for EA-type binaries FO Aur and V1025 Her. Our data set consists of 4-color imaging (BVRI) obtained at NOA (Kryoneri, 1.2m telescope). The deduced light curves were acquired using GAIA Starlink software.
Amino-terminal sequence of a large form of basic fibroblast growth factor isolated from human benign prostatic hyperplastic tissue.

Abstract Homogenization of human benign prostatic hyperplastic tissue in high ionic strength alkaline buffer containing protease inhibitors resulted in the isolation of a 17,400 molecular weight growth factor. When tissue was homogenized in ammonium sulfate at pH 4.5 without protease inhibitors a smaller, 16,600 dalton, growth factor was isolated. Both growth factors reacted with antisera against synthetic peptides whose sequences corresponded to the amino-terminal (1–12), Internal (33–43) and carboxyl-terminal (135–145) portions of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This suggested that the smaller growth factor was not a truncated form of (1–146) bFGF and that the larger growth factor may contain additional sequences. Amino-terminal sequencing showed the larger growth factor to have the sequence: Ala-Ala-Gly-Ser-Ile-Thr-Thr-Leu-Pro-Ala-Leu-Pro-Glu-Asp-Gly-Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Phe-Pro-. These results show that the larger growth factor is an 8 amino acid extended from of (1–146) bFGF and it is likely that the smaller growth factor is a proteolytic cleavage product of the larger growth factor produced during the extraction procedure.
Arrestin Regulates MAPK Activation and Prevents NADPH Oxidase-dependent Death of Cells Expressing CXCR2

Activation of CXCR2 IL-8 receptor leads to activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and rapid receptor endocytosis. Co-immunoprecipitation and co-localization experiments showed that arrestin and CXCR2 form complexes with components of the ERK1/2 cascade following ligand stimulation. However, in contrast to the activation of the β2-adrenergic receptor, arrestin was not necessary for ERK1/2 phosphorylation or receptor endocytosis. In contrast, β-arrestin 1/2 double knockout cells showed greatly enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2, as well as phosphorylation of the stress kinases p38 and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase. The stimulation of stress kinases in arrestin double knockout cells could be attenuated in the presence of diphenylene iodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase, suggesting that reactive oxidant species (ROS) participated in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. ROS could indeed be detected in IL-8-stimulated β-arrestin 1/2 knockout cells, and cytoplasmic Rac was translocated to the membrane fraction, which is a prerequisite for oxidant formation. The oxidative burst induced cell death within 6 h of IL-8 stimulation of these cells, which could be prevented in the presence of DPI. These results indicate a novel function for arrestin, which is protection from an excessive oxidative burst, resulting from the sustained stimulation of G-protein-coupled receptors that cause Rac translocation.
Generation and verification of theoretical rating curves in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas

[1] A new method for generating stage-discharge relations (rating curves) for geomorphically stable channels is presented and applied to two streams in the Whitewater River basin, Kansas. The approach converts measurements of stage into discharge using a fluid mechanically based model. The model does not use empirical roughness coefficients, such as Manning coefficients, but rather determines channel roughness from field measurements of the (1) channel geometry, (2) the physical roughness of the bed, banks, and floodplain, and (3) the vegetation density on the banks and floodplain. These measurements are used to calculate explicitly the drag on the small-scale topographic features on the boundary, the drag on the stems and branches of woody vegetation, and the friction on the bed, banks, and floodplain. The theoretical rating curves produced by the model for two study reaches, which are near U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow-gauging stations, are in good agreement with direct measurements of discharge made by the USGS. Our method has the potential of providing accurate estimates of stream flows less expensively than conventional gauging methods. In addition, the method can be used to obtain more accurate discharge estimates than conventional indirect methods for determining discharge, which are based on estimates of Manning's coefficient.
The European Central Bank, the Euro, and Global Financial Markets

The economic case for European monetary union was shaky at best when it was first discussed 35 years ago. Europe's leaders felt that monetary union was the capstone to their efforts to create an integrated Europe, and much to the rest of the world's surprise, they succeeded. The introduction of the euro and the establishment of the European Central Bank (ECB) as the monetary authority of Europe went much more smoothly than many predicted. But nagging doubts about the wisdom of integration persist. The slim margins by which the Maastricht Treaty passed and the wide margin on which the European Constitution failed are reminders that Europeans are still wary of giving up their national sovereignty. This wariness also influences the ability of the ECB to efficiently take over monetary policy and limits the ability of the euro to become a true rival of the dollar in global financial markets.
On the interpretation of age distributions.

Abstract Given a national census and a life table we may wish to infer the birth rate and hence the rate of natural increase. The model for making the inference here presented specifies the form of the preceding births and an intuitively selected life table if death statistics are not available. A signal on the appropriateness of the model is provided by (a) the resemblance of the age distribution derived from the model to the observed age distribution, and (b) the closeness of the inferred death rate to the observed death rate which has been implicitly fed into the computation; when either of these disparities is too great no result is printed out. Three other ways of obtaining an estimate of births are presented, each with its own characteristic properties. When the four methods agree with one another they can be applied to provide a birth rate in default of birth statistics, or to suggest a correction for birth statistics which are deficient. A table showing results on the four methods for 25 cases ena...
Teaching undergraduates using local virtual clusters

We describe five years of experience using Beowulf clusters of virtual machines in teaching and research at liberal arts colleges. Each virtual node in each undergraduate student-managed cluster is hosted on a standard classroom/laboratory machine, otherwise dedicated to general computing in support a CS curriculum. Applications highlighted include teaching purposes ranging from introductory CS to advanced projects, research efforts including classical analysis of cluster performance, map-reduce computations in social-networking research, and numerous interdisciplinary applications in natural sciences and other fields. Recent developments and next steps such as portable design and multi-level heterogeneous computing are discussed.
A Comparison between Emergency Medicine Residency Training Programs in the United States and Saudi Arabia from the Residents' Perception.

Objectives. This study was designed to compare the trainees’ perception of emergency medicine (EM) training in the United States (US) and Saudi Arabia (SA) and to identify residents’ levels of confidence and points of satisfaction in education, procedural skills, and work environment. Method. An IRB-exempt anonymous web-based survey was distributed to five EM residency training programs in the USA and three residency regions in SA. Results. 342 residents were polled with a 20% response rate (16.8% USA and 25.8% SA). The Saudi residents responded less positively to the questions about preparation for their boards’ examinations, access to multiple educational resources, and weekly academic activities. The Saudi trainees felt less competent in less common procedures than US trainees. American trainees also more strongly agree that they have more faculty interest in their education compared to the Saudi trainees. The Saudi residents see more patients per hour compared to their US peers. Conclusion. These findings may be due to the differences in training techniques including less formal didactics and simulation experience in SA and more duty hour regulations in the USA.
Proliferation signal inhibitors and cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Purpose of review Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is the leading cause of late morbidity and mortality in heart transplant patients and limits long-term survival. Immunosuppression following cardiac transplantation has traditionally comprised a calcineurin inhibitor in combination with mycophenolate mofetil or azathioprine and corticosteroids. This combination provides effective immunosuppression but does not prevent subsequent development of CAV. Proliferation signal inhibitors (such as sirolimus and everolimus), a new class of immunosuppressants, have recently been shown to be effective in attenuating the development of CAV following cardiac transplantation. Recent findings In addition to immunosuppressive properties, proliferation signal inhibitors have important antiproliferative effects outside the immune system. Several ex-vivo and preclinical studies on animal models have demonstrated control of the vascular manifestations after cardiac transplantation. In clinical trials, proliferation signal inhibitors used as secondary immunosuppressive agents in place of azathioprine or mycophenolate prevented CAV progression and reduced the incidence of clinically significant cardiac events. Proliferation signal inhibitors are also effective as primary immunosuppressants, and, after complete calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal, mitigate the progression of CAV, improve calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephropathy and hypertension. Summary Proliferation signal inhibitors are powerful immunosuppressive agents with antiproliferative properties that attenuate CAV and have the potential to improve long-term survival following cardiac transplantation.
Pax8 and Pax2a function synergistically in otic specification, downstream of the Foxi1 and Dlx3b transcription factors

The vertebrate inner ear arises from an ectodermal thickening, the otic placode, that forms adjacent to the presumptive hindbrain. Previous studies have suggested that competent ectodermal cells respond to Fgf signals from adjacent tissues and express two highly related paired box transcription factors Pax2a and Pax8 in the developing placode. We show that compromising the functions of both Pax2a and Pax8 together blocks zebrafish ear development, leaving only a few residual otic cells. This suggests that Pax2a and Pax8 are the main effectors downstream of Fgf signals. Our results further provide evidence that pax8 expression and pax2a expression are regulated by two independent factors, Foxi1 and Dlx3b, respectively. Combined loss of both factors eliminates all indications of otic specification. We suggest that the Foxi1-Pax8 pathway provides an early `jumpstart' of otic specification that is maintained by the Dlx3b-Pax2a pathway.
Enhancing parent-child communication about sexual abuse: a pilot study

Abstract Objective: To determine if a commercially produced video, “What Do I Say Now?” (Committee for Children, 1996) leads to an increase in parent-child discussion about child sexual abuse (CSA). Method: Forty-five parents of children 2–6 years of age were randomly assigned to participate in either a CSA prevention workshop or a workshop on home safety (control). The post-test measure assessed parents’ beliefs about the severity of CSA and their children’s vulnerability to abuse (threat appraisal), along with their self-efficacy and response-efficacy beliefs (coping appraisal). The effects of the coping- and threat-appraisal components of Roger’s (1983) protection motivation theory (PMT) on parents’ intentions to talk to their children about the topic were also examined. During a followup telephone interview, parents were asked to report the amount of communication they had engaged in with their children about CSA since attending the workshop. Results: Parents who had participated in the CSA workshop reported significantly greater intentions of talking to their children about CSA, compared to the control group. At followup, these parents also reported having had significantly more discussions about CSA with their children compared with control parents. The PMT coping-appraisal components were found to be associated with parent intentions to discuss the topic. Conclusions: Results provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of an educational video for increasing parent-child communication about CSA. Support was also found for the coping-appraisal components of PMT. Suggestions for increasing parent involvement in CSA prevention efforts are offered.
Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska

The post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands in the eastern Bering Sea was investigated using satellite-linked dive recorders deployed in November 1996 and 1997, with tracking duration ranging up to more than 6 mo. Prior to abruptly departing on the migration by early December, pups did not stray far from their natal islands. After a median travel time of 17 d, most pups transited various Aleutian Island passes, though 3 animals remained in the Bering Sea until at least late January. Pups that left the Bering Sea subse- quently dispersed into a vast area of the North Pacific some 2500 km wide from the central Aleutians to the Gulf of Alaska and 1000 km from 60 to 45° N. Most pups remained in offshore pelagic areas; however, 3 individuals also spent time over continental shelf waters. While the spatial dispersion and habitats used by migrating pups varied considerably, their diving behavior was remarkably consis- tent. All migrating pups dove largely during the night, and during evening and morning hours, but practically ceased diving during the day, suggesting they foraged on vertically migrating prey that is unattainable or too costly to reach during daytime. Dives were typically shallow and brief; 77% reached depths less than 10 m, and 81% lasted less than 1 min. Wide dispersal presents a potential selective mechanism for differential survival, in that benefits (food availability) and risks (storms, pre- dation, and, potentially, fishery interactions) likely vary considerably across the oceanic habitats occupied by these naive foragers on their first migration.
Fibrolipoma of the buccal mucosa.

Abstract A case of a fibrolipoma of the buccal mucosa has been reported, and a concept of origin of such tumors has been presented.
Preparing Nursing Students in a Leadership/Management Course for the Workplace Through Simulations

Abstract The education–practice gap in the area of management, leadership, and communication for newly registered nurses contributes to nurse attrition. Faculty are increasingly using simulations that provide experiences for senior nursing students to facilitate transition into practice. This article describes scenarios that incorporate students, faculty, staff, and community volunteers who role-play situations that students may not encounter during clinical education, including staffing problems, staff conflicts, physician interactions, patient–faculty communications, and crisis interventions. Examples are illustrated through short videos. Feedback from students has been overwhelming positive. Faculty believe the simulations provide realistic opportunities that link education to practice. Volunteers enjoy and support these educational experiences.
Clinical Aspects of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: A Clinician's Point of View

DIC is a disorder of coagulation that is demonstrated to occur in many settings. In view of the fulminant nature of the disorder once it is fully activated, the potential for considerable morbidity and mortality, and the difficulty in treating this syndrome, the necessity for a thorough understanding of the disorder is clear. A high index of suspicion is absolutely essential; however, this requires a thorough knowledge of the medical and surgical disorders in which DIC is likely to occur. The presenting manifestations of DIC, the time course of development of the fulminant syndrome, and the specific complications of the disorder may be intrinsically related to the specific clinical characteristics of the underlying disease. Clinical evaluation of the patient must be comprehensive and consider not only the laboratory and clinical manifestations of DIC but the triggering illness. Without the ability to treat the underlying primary illness, controlling or abating the DIC may be difficult or impossible. This comprehensive review of the disease entities in which DIC is likely to occur and the associated clinical manifestations will, it is hoped, guide a more precise definition of the overall clinical picture that confronts the clinician when evaluating a patient with possible DIC.
Global Asymptotic Behavior of

We investigate the global stability character of the equilibrium points and the period-two solutions of , with positive parameters and nonnegative initial conditions. We show that every solution of the equation in the title converges to either the zero equilibrium, the positive equilibrium, or the period-two solution, for all values of parameters outside of a specific set defined in the paper. In the case when the equilibrium points and period-two solution coexist, we give a precise description of the basins of attraction of all points. Our results give an affirmative answer to Conjecture 9.5.6 and the complete answer to Open Problem 9.5.7 of Kulenovic and Ladas, 2002.
Measurement of serosal temperatures and depth of thermal injury generated by thermal balloon endometrial ablation in ex vivo and in vivo models

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the safety profile of endometrial ablation performed with a thermal balloon as defined by serosal temperature elevation and depth of injury. Design: Observational study with histopathologic correlation conducted in ex vivo and in vivo phases. Setting: Academic medical center. Patient(s): Twenty patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy. Intervention(s): Endometrial ablation with a thermal balloon. Main Outcome Measure(s): Serosal temperature elevation and histologic depth of injury. Result(s): Ex vivo phase results revealed serosal temperatures remained within a safe physiologic range ( Conclusion(s): No patients experienced complications or adverse events secondary to treatment. Results showed that transuterine thermal injury is a highly unlikely scenario. In both phases of this study, histologic examination revealed that temperatures exposed to the endometrial layer were sufficient to cause tissue damage.
Uric Acid and Hypertension: Cause or Effect?

Uric acid was first associated with primary hypertension in 1874, yet its role in this condition remains unclear. Historically, uric acid was thought to be a secondary response to hypertension or its associated conditions. However, more recent experimental and clinical studies suggest that uric acid could have a contributory role in the pathogenesis of elevated blood pressure. More studies are needed to help dissect the potential mechanisms by which uric acid could initiate this response. It remains possible that uric acid is a marker for xanthine oxidase-associated oxidants and that the latter could be driving the hypertensive response. However, the weight of the evidence suggests that uric acid is a true modifying and possibly causal factor for human primary hypertension. Hence, early management of hyperuricemia might delay the development of essential hypertension.
VIP Enhances and Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibitor Reduces Survival of Rat Lungs Perfused ex Vivo

Abstract VIP delayed the onset of edematous lung injury in isolated perfused rat lungs by 64%, and was more effective than PGI2 in prolonging lung survival ex vivo. While PGI2 increased survival by 37 min versus Krebs/BSA only, VIP increased it by 2 h and 17 min. On the other hand, inhibition of NO. synthase, which protected the lung against oxidant injury caused by paraquat or X/XO,3 actually hastened the onset of injury caused by prolonged perfusion ex vivo, suggesting opposite roles for NO. in different forms of oxidant injury.
Food for Thought: A Review of the Role of Energy in Current and Evolving Agriculture

World malnutrition is a serious problem. Food security for the poor depends on an adequate supply of food and/or the ability to purchase food. The World Health Organization reports that more than 3.7 billion people worldwide are malnourished because of shortages of calories, protein, several vitamins, iron, and iodine. People can die because of shortages of any one or a combination of these nutrients. In the world today there are more than 6.8 billion humans. Based on current rates of increase, the world population is projected to double to more than 13 billion in about 58 years. At a time when the world population continues to expand at a rate of 1.2% per year, adding more than a quarter million people daily, providing adequate food becomes an increasingly difficult problem. The need to increase and make more rational food production, to conserve natural resources, and to reduce food (crop) losses to pests is critical. Also critical is a need to reduce human population numbers. Cropland, water and energy resources are inadquate to support the current 6.8 billion people on earth.
Forest edges associated with power-line corridors and implications for corridor siting

Abstract In addition to the effects of power-lines on the visual perceptions of urban landscapes, planners and designers need to consider ecological factors and long-term maintenance costs when siting new corridors in forested areas. A survey of 20 corridors in the forests of northern Kentucky revealed higher mean density and basal area of tree seedlings and saplings in forest edges adjacent to power-line corridors. Some edges also showed distinct community shifts entailing increased importance of shade intolerant tree species. In forests already fragmented by development activities, the presence of a single power-line corridor may render forest patches unsuitable for plant and animal species requiring large forest interior habitats. To avoid this, corridors can be sited in non-forested areas, along existing corridors, along the edges of existing forest patches, or in forest patches that at present lack viable interiors. Applying these recommendations to new corridor projects will stop further forest fragmentation and minimize long-term line maintenance costs, but may also degrade visual perceptions of urban landscapes. Where visual perception is a common facet of land use, corridors may be camouflaged or hidden in forests to reduce visual impact.
Finite amplitude stability of attachment line boundary layers

Two-dimensional nonlinear equilibrium solutions for the swept Hiemenz flow attachment line boundary layer are directly computed by solving the full Navier-Stokes equations as a nonlinear eigenvalue problem. The equations are discretized using the two-point fourth order compact scheme and the resulting nonlinear homogeneous equations are solved using the Newton-Raphson iteration technique. It is found that for Reynolds numbers larger than the linear critical Reynolds number of 583, the nonlinear neutral surfaces form open curves. The results showed that the subcritical instability exists near the upper branch neutral curve and supercritical equilibrium solutions exist near the lower branch. These conclusions are in agreement with the weakly nonlinear theory. However, at higher amplitudes away from the linear neutral points the nonlinear neutral surfaces show subcritical instability at lower and higher wave number regions. At Reynolds numbers lower than the critical value, the nonlinear neutral surfaces form closed loops. By reducing the Reynolds number, we found that the nonlinear critical point occurs at a Reynolds number of 511.3, below which all the two-dimensional disturbances will decay. The secondary instability of these equilibrium solutions is investigated using the Floquet theory. The results showed that these two-dimensional finite amplitude neutral solutions are unstable to three-dimensional disturbances.
Dodecamethyl-closo-dodecaborate(2−)

Bis(tetraethylammonium) dodecamethyl-closo-dodecaborate(2−), [NEt4]2[closo-B12Me12], [NEt4]22, was prepared employing modified Friedel−Crafts reaction conditions from [NEt4]2[closo-B12H12], [NEt4]21, trimethylaluminum, and methyl iodide. The [NEt4]22 salt provides sufficient solubility in water to allow the synthesis of the important alkali metal salts A22 (A = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs) using cation-exchange procedures. The solid state structure of colorless [AsPh4]22 reveals a nearly perfect icosahedral B12 cluster with B−B bonds ranging from 1.785(3) to 1.807(3) A and B−C bonds of 1.597(3)−1.625(3) A. In contrast, the crystal structure of dark-red [Py2CH2]2 (obtained from [NEt4]22 and [Py2CH2]Br2) contains a distorted icosahedral dianion [B−B = 1.740(13)−1.811(14) A, B−C = 1.591(13)−1.704(13) A]. In the [Py2CH2]2 salt, the dianion 22- and its dipositive dipyridiniomethane counterion form a red charge-transfer complex. One-electron oxidation of 22- by ceric(IV) ammonium nitrate affords the blue, air-stable radi...
Field Immobilization and Euthanasia of American Opossum

Seventeen recently trapped opossum, Didelphis virginiana, (median weight 2.45 kg; range = 1.6–5.0 kg; quartiles = 1.8–3.3 kg) were immobilized with either telazol (15 or 30 mg/kg) or a mixture of medetomidine (100 μg/ kg), butorphanol (0.2 mg/kg), and ketamine HCl (10 mg/kg) based on estimated weights. Anesthetized animals were subjected to cardiac puncture for blood withdrawal and toe pinch. Euthanasia was accomplished by intracardiac administration of 1 ml of concentrated pentobarbital sodium/phenytoin solution. Weights were underestimated for 14 of 17 animals, but were within 0.5 kg of the actual weight. Both drug combinations provided rapid and calm immobilization. Median time to recumbency for the medetomidine–butorphanol–ketamine group (n = 5) was 6 min (range = 4–10 min; quartiles = 6 and 8 min). The median time to recumbency was not statistically different for the low (n = 6) and high dose (n = 6) telazol groups, 3 and 3.5 min respectively (quartiles 3; 3.5 and 4; 5.5 min). The stronger heart beat...
Using Videos Derived from Simulations to Support the Analysis of Spatial Awareness in Synthetic Vision Displays

The evaluation of human-centered systems can be performed using a variety of different methodologies. This paper describes a human-centered systems' evaluation methodology where participants watch 5-second non-interactive videos of a system in operation before supplying judgments and subjective measures based on the information conveyed in the videos. This methodology was used to evaluate the ability of different textures and fields of view to convey spatial awareness in synthetic vision systems (SVS) displays. It produced significant results for both judgment based and subjective measures. This method is compared to other methods commonly used to evaluate SVS displays based on cost, the amount of experimental time required, experimental flexibility, and the type of data provided.
Deformation zones and entanglements in glassy polymers

Abstract Deformation zones are regions of drawn but unfibrillated material which grow from crack tips in thin films of glassy polymers which have a low value of I e′ , the chain contour length between entanglements. The growth of these zones is observed optically and their final structure characterized by transmission electron microscopy. By microdensitometry of the electron image plate the average value of the extension ratio within the deformation zone, λ DZ , is measured. Such deformation zones have been grown in thin films of four homopolymers and a series of polymer blends. It is found that λ DZ is approximately 0.6 λ max , where λ max is a predicted maximum extension ratio derived from a simple model in which the entanglement points are assumed to act as permanent crosslinks with no chain slippage or scission occurring. This value of λ DZ is lower than the extension ratios previously measured for crazes grown in the same polymers; typical λ craze values lie much closer to λ max . This result can be rationalized by realizing that at least a limited degree of chain scission/slippage must occur during crazing to permit the generation of the void-fibril network. For those polymers where both crazing and deformation zones may form, the latter grow rapidly whereas the formation of crazes requires longer times. This observation also indicates the importance of the kinetic process of chain scission/chain slippage for crazing. Annealing of the polymer films below the glass transition temperature leads to an increased tendency for crazing relative to the growth of deformation zones.
Operating Characteristics of a 2.0-MeV RFQ

A second radio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator has been designed, constructed and operated at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The accelerator's design parameters represent a major extension from the original Los Alamos RFQ, with the new accelerator being 2.5 times as long, having three times the output energy, and with 2.5 times the current limit. The new accelerator's operating characteristics were studied for 3 months before disassembly to incorporate design modifications. Results are discussed.
The 1995 Palestinian press law: A comparative study

The 1995 Palestinian press law was examined to determine the type of positive protections it grants Palestinians, and the type of restraints it imposes on them by comparing it to former Palestinian laws, the press laws of other countries and to international human rights conventions. The study concluded that, compared to previous laws, the 1995 Palestinian Press law is not particularly draconian. Although it requires licensing, concentrates too much power in the hands of the ministry of information, and contains vague articles regarding the function of the court and the application of the law, it is still an improvement on laws Palestinians had been forced to live under since 1908. The trouble with the law lies in the restrictive way it has been interpreted. The study identified the institutions now struggling for a free press and suggested that they may still succeed in introducing a measure of press freedom to the areas under Palestinian control.
Visual photometric experiment - A Getaway Special payload aboard STS-042

Visible-light sensors were flown aboard the Space Shuttle hi order to measure, without contamination by atmospheric airglow, the zodiacal light (sunlight reflected from interplanetary dust). A photomultiplier tube and four selectable optical filters constituted the primary sensor. This filter-wheel photometer was supplemented by two video cameras, which imaged star fields for aspect determination and provided an assessment of contaminating radiation. The suite of instruments was configured as part of a Getaway Special (GAS) experiment, in order to obtain the measurements at the lowest possible cost. As a GAS payload, the instruments were required to operate nearly autonomously. The payload had no gimbaled optics and no influence on the attitude timeline of the space shuttle. Only the enabling and disabling of data collection in accordance with prelaunch scheduling was controlled by the GAS payload specialist. Despite these limitations, the diffuse character of the zodiacal light permitted the serendipitous measurements described here. Several scans across the zodiacal dust plane were recorded, and provided peak brightness values for the zodiacal light at several solar elongation angles. A preliminary analysis of data redundantly recorded on a VHS audio track indicates ratios of zodiacal-light brightness in three spectral bands that are comparable to solar brightness ratios, confirming a result obtained previously with a balloon-based experiment.
Finding latent code errors via machine learning over program executions

This paper proposes a technique for identifying program properties that indicate errors. The technique generates machine learning models of program properties known to result from errors, and applies these models to program properties of user-written code to classify and rank properties that may lead the user to errors. Given a set of properties produced by the program analysis, the technique selects a subset of properties that are most likely to reveal an error. An implementation, the fault invariant classifier, demonstrates the efficacy of the technique. The implementation uses dynamic invariant detection to generate program properties. It uses support vector machine and decision tree learning tools to classify those properties. In our experimental evaluation, the technique increases the relevance (the concentration of fault-revealing properties) by a factor of 50 on average for the C programs, and 4.8 for the Java programs. Preliminary experience suggests that most of the fault-revealing properties do lead a programmer to an error.
Microbiological transformation of flavone and isoflavone

1. Flavone and isoflavone were subjected to microbial transformation studies. Screening with 80 fungal species showed that flavone was transformed by a large number of microorganisms and in higher yields than isoflavone.2. Large-scale fermentations of flavone followed by isolation and characterization of metabolites using spectroscopic analysis showed the formation of 4′-hydroxyflavone, 3′,4′-dihydroxyflavone and two cleavage products identified as o-hydroxyphenyl-hydroxymethyl ketone and 1-(o-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2-ethanediol. However, fermentation of isoflavone gave only 4′-hydroxyisoflavone and 3′,4′-dihydroxyisoflavone.
Flying personal planes: modeling the airport choices of general aviation pilots using stated preference methodology.

This study employed stated preference (SP) models to determine why general aviation pilots choose to base and operate their aircraft at some airports and not others. Thirteen decision variables identified in pilot focus groups and in the general aviation literature were incorporated into a series of hypothetical choice tasks or scenarios. The scenarios were offered within a fractional factorial design to establish orthogonality and to preclude dominance in any combination of variables. Data from 113 pilots were analyzed for individual differences across pilots using conditional logit regression with and without controls. The results demonstrate that some airport attributes (e.g., full-range hospitality services, paved parallel taxiway, and specific types of runway lighting and landing aids) increase pilot utility. Heavy airport congestion and airport landing fees, on the other hand, decrease pilot utility. The importance of SP methodology as a vehicle for modeling choice behavior and as an input into the planning and prioritization process is discussed. Actual or potential applications include the development of structured decision-making instruments in the behavioral sciences and in human service programs.
A Proposal to Establish Standardized Learning Outcomes for Resonance Across Graduate Programs in Speech-Language Pathology

The Council for Clinical Certification in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CCFC) sets accreditation standards and these standards list broad domains of knowledge with specific coverage of “the appropriate etiologies, characteristics, anatomical/physiological, acoustic, psychological, developmental, and linguistic and cultural correlates” and assessment, intervention, and methods of prevention for each domain” (CCFC, 2013, “Standard IV-C”). One domain in the 2014 standards is “voice and resonance.” Studies of graduate training programs suggest that fewer programs require coursework in cleft palate, the course in which resonance was traditionally taught. The purpose of this paper is to propose a standardized learning outcomes specific to resonance that would achieve the minimum knowledge required for all entry-level professionals in speech-language pathology. Graduate programs and faculty should retain flexibility and creativity in how these learning outcomes are achieved. Shared learning objectives...
Why is it so difficult to talk about impact

Each time I proof an issue of Health Communication, I am struck by the excellence of the research that we publish within it. For years this kept me excited and enthused during the hours and hours (...