cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sociological Evidence in Abuse Litigation

Sociologists can assist attorneys and law firms in various aspects of criminal and civil litigation related to abuse. Social scientists evaluate different types of maltreatment, including child mistreatment (CM), intimate partner violence (IPV), elder abuse (EA), dependent adult abuse (DAB), sibling abuse (SA), and parental abuse (PA). Sociological analysis can clarify different aspects of maltreatment, including risk factors associated with abuse, its impact on social, family, educational, and occupational functioning, and victims’ responses to maltreatment. In this chapter, the author analyzes research in the above areas and discusses several of composite cases to illustrate how sociologists can serve as expert witnesses and consultants in litigation involving abuse.
Applying ecological principles to wildland weed management

Abstract Recent advances in our understanding of plant succession will provide new conceptual tools for wildland weed managers. Some of the conceptual advances should allow better linkages between the general management of wildlands and weed management specifically. For example, in the future we should be more capable of evaluating the impact of a management action on the risk of weed invasion than we have been in the past. Much of the discussion in this paper focuses on soil resource availability as a primary ecological factor in wildland weed management. Much of the research upon which this premise is based is less than 15 yr old; thus, we are in the testing stages of applying these concepts. Wider application of ecological principles to wildland weed management will require a coordinated education program and effective interaction among researchers and managers.
Identifying Three Types of Content to Combine Deep Learning and Coverage in a General Education Political Science Class

This essay investigates the tension between content coverage and conceptual learning in a general education course that is also a required course in the institution's political science major. Reviewing recent developments in the literature on higher education, I propose a strategy to bridge the gap between content coverage and “deep” conceptual learning by combining “flipping the classroom” with ideas developed as part of the Understanding by Design approach.
Concentration of influenza virus (PR8 strain) by a cation exchange resin.

SummaryA simple method has been described for the rapid concentration and partial purification of the PR8 strain of influenza virus by means of an ion exchange resin.
Stability, Electronic and Magnetic Properties of In-Plane Defects in Graphene: A First-Principles Study

The electronic and magnetic properties of graphene can be modified through combined transition-metal and nitrogen decoration of vacancies. In this study, we used density functional theory to investigate the following defect motifs: nitrogen doping, nitrogen decoration of single and double vacancies (SVs and DVs), TM doping (TM = Co, Fe), TM adsorption on nitrogen-doped graphene, and combined TM–nitrogen chemistries in SV and DV (TM–Nx) configurations. The results show that the highest magnetic moments are supported in TM–Nx defect motifs. Among these defects, Co–N3, Fe–N3, and Fe–N4 defects are predicted to show ferromagnetic spin structures with high magnetic moments and magnetic stabilization energies, as well as enhanced stability as expressed by favorable formation energies, and high TM binding energies.
Identification of the acoustic response in the irrotational near-field of an excited subsonic jet

Analysis and understanding of the noise generation processes in high-speed, high-Reynolds number jets are hampered by the broad range of turbulent scales and the disparate fluctuation intensities of the acoustic response hidden under the hydrodynamic source. Towards providing insight into these processes, the irrotational near-field of an unheated, Mach 0.9 jet is decomposed into its constitutive hydrodynamic and acoustic components using three separate filters in the present work. Previous work had decomposed the full near-field pressure signal into its hydrodynamic and acoustic components using a linear filter in Fourier space. The presence of numerical artifacts in the results prompted the current study, in which a new algorithm is developed to filter the pressure field in wavelet space. Results from the new method are then compared against those obtained using the standard Fourier-based algorithm, as well as another algorithm based upon the empirical mode decomposition. The ability of the wavelet-base...
A simple distributed computing method using stored procedure

Almost all traditional higher performance computing middle wares have been developed on top of the operating system to increase speed and co share resource,it is difficult for end user to master and use.The author introduces a simple distributed computing method,i.e.computing process on each node is relatively independent to other nodes and without frequent massage passing,and depicts the computing method design and implementation by the example of circle rate calculating using Monte Carlo method.The experiment result showed that this method is easy to be adopted and implemented with higher computing efficiency.It is a novel higher performance computing method of higher applicability and extensibility.
Enabling better supply chain decisions through a generic model utilizing cause-effect mapping

Supply chains are critical to delivering components and products safely, affordably, and securely. However, these complex networks of suppliers, manufacturers, and customers are vulnerable to internal and external disruptions and subject to exploitation. This can result in adverse impacts to the system and inhibit value delivery. This paper presents a new generic electronics supply chain model that can reveal information regarding system vulnerabilities and opportunities for decision-makers to intervene. The model draws upon a previously-developed Cause-Effect Mapping (CEM) analytic technique and assists with making decisions affecting complex systems, including those operating in resource-constrained environments. Elements of System Security Engineering (SSE) and Trusted Systems and Networks (TSN) analysis are taken into consideration to provide a greater understanding of security concerns and impacts to a supply chain focusing on electronics for the defense industry. The model, adaptable to a diversity of systems and capable of recognizing non-obvious sources of vulnerability, can be used by systems engineers to provide a holistic view of a complex supply chain. The model facilitates the communication of information regarding supply chain vulnerabilities to decision-makers and other individuals, as described in specific use cases.∗
DNA Repair Deficiency Is Common in Advanced Prostate Cancer: New Therapeutic Opportunities

UNLABELLED : Advances in DNA sequencing technology have created a wealth of information regarding the genomic landscape of prostate cancer. It had been thought that BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations were associated with only a small fraction of prostate cancer cases. However, recent genomic analysis has revealed that germline or somatic inactivating mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2, or other genes involved in the homologous recombination (HR) pathway of DNA repair collectively occur in as much as 20%-25% of advanced prostate cancers. A synthetic lethal therapeutic approach using poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy has been developed for BRCA mutant- and HR deficient-related cancers (those with "BRCAness") and is being studied in multiple clinical trials. This article discusses the current understanding of the genomic landscape of prostate cancer, focusing on the occurrence of DNA repair mutations and the therapeutic opportunities that this presents. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review aims to update oncologists about the increased understanding of the genomes of prostate cancers and, in particular, the prevalence of mutations in DNA repair genes. These observations provide potential new therapeutic opportunities for the use of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors and other therapies, especially in advanced forms of the disease. Of note is the recent U.S. Food and Drug Administration breakthrough therapy designation of olaparib for the treatment of BRCA1/2- or ATM-mutated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. The implications of this new knowledge for clinical practice now and in the future are discussed.
Chapter 14 - US Housing Policy

Abstract Governments throughout the world intervene heavily in housing markets, and most have multiple policies to pursue multiple goals. This chapter deals with two of the largest types of housing policies in the United States, namely, low-income rental assistance and policies to promote homeownership through interventions in mortgage markets. We describe the rationales for the policies, the nature of the largest programs involved, the empirical evidence on their effects, and the data and methods used to obtain them. Because the US government uses such a wide range of policies of these types, this evidence has lessons for housing policy in other countries.
Decreased TGFBR1 signaling and breast cancer.

1548 Background: We previously identified TGFBR1*6A (rs11466445), a hypomorphic TGF-beta type 1 receptor variant that is associated with cancer risk, has impaired TGF-beta signaling capability, and...
Liquid-Gas Interactions

Liquid-gas interactions, e.g., the vaporization and subsequent combustion of liquid fuel droplets or the shock-induced mixing of liquids, are rather difficult problems in computational fluid dynamics. These problems address the interaction of liquid droplets with a compressible gas medium. There are three classical approaches to such problems: Both phases can be treated as compressible fluids (as we did in Chapter 15), both phases can be treated as incompressible fluids (as we did in Chapter 21), or the gas can be treated as a compressible fluid while the liquid is treated as an incompressible fluid. A completely incompressible treatment can be ruled out any time one is interested in shock waves or other compressible phenomena. A completely compressible treatment is not desirable, since a relatively high sound speed in the liquid phase can impose a restrictive (and inefficient) CFL condition. Moreover, a completely compressible approach is limited to liquids for which there are acceptable models for their compressible evolution. To overcome these difficulties, Caiden et al. [23] modeled the gas as a compressible fluid and the liquid as an incompressible fluid. They coupled a high-resolution shock-capturing scheme for the compressible gas flow to a standard incompressible flow solver for the liquid phase.
The Value in an Ambulatory Blood-Pressure Registry

Ambulatory blood-pressure monitoring provides the best confirmation of the presence of hypertension detected in the office setting. A systematic review sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Resear...
Human duodenal mucosal bicarbonate secretion. Evidence for basal secretion and stimulation by hydrochloric acid and a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue.

Abstract The factors responsible for prevention of duodenal mucosal injury are not known. This series of experiments was performed to determine whether the human duodenum secretes bicarbonate that could prevent mucosal damage. To isolate a 4-cm segment of proximal (i.e., the duodenal bulb) or distal duodenum free of contamination from either gastric or pancreaticobiliary secretion, or both, methods were developed using occlusive balloons. The test segment was perfused with NaCl (2 ml/min, 37 °C) containing [ 14 C]PEG as a nonabsorbable marker, and bicarbonate output was quantitated. Mean (±SE) basal proximal duodenal bicarbonate output was 143 ± 17 μmol/cm · h. A 5-min infusion of 25, 50, and 100 mM HCl directly into the isolated proximal duodenal test segment increased bicarbonate output to 167 ± 29, 199 ± 19, and 278 ± 49 μmol/cm · h, respectively, during the hour after acidification. Distal duodenal acidification (25, 50, and 100 mM) also increased bicarbonate output from the isolated proximal duodenal test segment. A synthetic prostaglandin E 1 analogue, misoprostol (1.67–13.3 μg/min), infused directly into proximal or distal test segments significantly stimulated bicarbonate outbreak; peak responses were 644 ± 35 μmol/cm · h and 171 ± 20 μmol/cm · h (p 1 analogue stimulated both proximal and distal bicarbonate output; however, distal duodenal bicarbonate output was significantly less, indicating a proximalto-distal gradient in bicarbonate secretion.
Conflicts of Interest: A Review of Experimental and Archival Conflicts-of-Interest Research in Auditing

I review empirical (archival and experimental) accounting research that has addressed the issue of conflicts of interest, focusing on the audit setting that has received so much recent attention. I start with a brief discussion of the audit function and auditors' incentives, viewing auditors as weighing incentives that favor acceding to client demands against incentives that favor resisting client demands, and as also influenced by psychological and social aspects of audit settings. Then I discuss various different research approaches to investigating conflicts of interest in this setting. The review is not intended to be exhaustive. Rather, I highlight key strengths and weaknesses of each approach and illustrate each approach with a representative study. I also discuss the main insights provided by each approach. I finish by relating the insights provided by different approaches and suggesting some directions for future research.
Self-efficacy and cooking confidence are associated with fruit and vegetable intake in a cross-sectional study with rural women.

Abstract Background In comparison to their urban and suburban counterparts, midlife and older rural women are less likely to consume adequate fruit and vegetables (F&V). The present study aimed to examine the relationships between psychological, social, and environmental factors and F&V intake among midlife and older rural women in the United States. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized data from 513 midlife and older rural women (mean age = 67.0, mean BMI = 26.8) living in 22 states. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between women's daily F&V intake and cooking confidence, healthy eating self-efficacy, perceived stress, healthy eating social support, and perceived food environment. Results Cooking confidence (p 0.05). When all the independent variables were analyzed simultaneously, only healthy eating self-efficacy remained positively associated with F&V intake (p Conclusions Findings from our study provide important information on the influences of rural women's healthy eating self-efficacy and cooking confidence on their F&V intake. Our results may be useful to inform and evaluate targeted strategies to improve the dietary health of rural women.
Exploring new uses for C-H amination: Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling of cyclic sulfamates.

Benzene-fused cyclic sulfamates are prepared from ortho-substituted phenolic starting materials through selective C−H amination or olefin aziridination. These unique heterocycles will engage in Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions with aryl- and alkyl-Grignard reagents. Application of modern tools for C−N and C−C bond formation thus makes readily available functional amine derivatives and augments the possible uses for C−H amination in synthesis.
Frida Kahlo and Infertility: A Retrospective Diagnosis of Asherman’s Syndrome

The Mexican painter Frida Kahlo (1907–1954) experienced numerous medical conditions in her lifetime. Beginning in her childhood at six years of age, Kahlo contracted the poliomyelitis virus. While ...
3D Jet Tomography and the Twisted Color Glass Condensate

Jet Tomography is proposed as a new test of Color Glass Condensate (CGC) initial conditions in non-central A + A collisions. The k T factorized CGC formalism is used to calculate the rapidity twist [A. Adil, M. Gyulassy, arXiv:nucl-th/0505004 ]. A new observable, Δ R A A is proposed to test a novel high p T rapidity twist predicted by the CGC model. Extensions to v 1 ( p T , η ) are in [A. Adil, M. Gyulassy, T. Hirano, Phys. Rev. C 72, 034907 (2005). arXiv:nucl-th/0509064 ].
Precision Constraints during Pointing with a Stylus: Implications for Fitts’ Law:

Previous research on performance on the Fitts pointing task has identified the relative influences of task and effector constraints. Effector constraints are those specific to the motor and physica...
Single Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancers Have Distinct Characteristics and Survival

Estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status is pivotal to determining the prognosis and treatment of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptor-negative invasive breast cancer. Frequently ER-positive (ER+) and/or PR-positive (PR+) cancers are labeled nonspecifically as “hormone receptor-positive” although only one is positive. This study aimed to evaluate and characterize the ER+PR− and ER−PR+ breast cancer phenotypes in reference to ER+PR+ cancers. A retrospective cohort study of female patients with HER2-negative (HER2−) invasive breast cancer diagnosed in 2010−2015 was performed using the National Cancer Database. Cases were grouped into ER+PR+, ER−PR+, ER+PR−, and ER−PR− phenotypes to determine differences in patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and overall survival. Of 823,969 cases, 619,050 (75.1%) were ER+PR+, 79,777 (9.7%) were ER+PR−, 7006 (0.9%) were ER−PR+, and 118,136 (14.3%) were ER−PR−. Compared with the ER+PR+ group, the ER+PR− and ER−PR+ groups were more likely to be high-grade cancer (16.0% vs. 34.2% and 80.0%, respectively; p < 0.001), to have lymphovascular invasion (17.9% vs. 19.6% and 23.0%; p < 0.001), to be node-positive (13.5% vs. 19.7% and 26.3%; p < 0.001), to be stage 4 cancer (3.6% vs. 5.9% and 6.7%; p < 0.001), to have a higher multigene assay score (mean, 16.0 vs. 27.8 and 38.1; p < 0.001), and to have a worse survival (90.6% vs. 83.8% and 78.1%; p < 0.001). Single hormone receptor-positive breast cancer subtypes (ER+PR− and ER−PR+) are more likely to have unfavorable characteristics and worse survival than the ER+PR+ subtype, with the ER−PR+ subtype having outcomes similar to those for ER−PR− cancers. The single hormone receptor-positive subtypes, representing 10% of HER2− cancers, should be considered clinically distinct from ER+PR+ disease.
Assessing the Impact of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA) Visiting Scholar Program.

BACKGROUND The primary objective of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America (POSNA)-Children's Orthopaedics in Underserved Regions (COUR) Visiting Scholar Program is to engage emerging leaders from low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in POSNA educational offerings. This study aims to outline the educational and leadership activities pursued by the alumni of the POSNA-COUR Visiting Scholars Program. We hypothesized that there may be a discrepancy between visiting scholar interest level and actual participation in key follow-up educational and leadership activities. METHODS A 32-question online survey developed by the POSNA-COUR committee was electronically delivered to the POSNA-COUR visiting scholarship recipients from 2007 to 2019. The survey inquired about scholars' educational background, clinical practice, and academic interests. Respondents also reported educational, research, and leadership activities that occurred following program participation. RESULTS Fifty-seven percent (44/77) of the previous scholars participated in the survey. Sixty-eight percent reported that >75% of their practice was comprised of pediatric patients. The COUR scholarship afforded 15 scholars the opportunity to attend their first educational conference in North America. The majority (86%) of respondents consulted POSNA members on care-related issues, 52% organized a POSNA member's visit to their country, and 13% have become members of POSNA. Scholars shared their knowledge with colleagues through lectures (73%), demonstration of surgical skills (63%), mentorship (59%), hosting local courses (43%), and research (14%). There was a significant discrepancy between interest and actual participation in research (98% vs. 16%, P<0.0001), hosting a regional course (98% vs. 43%, P<0.0001), and becoming a member of POSNA (96% vs. 13%, P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS The POSNA-COUR Visiting Scholar Program is effective at providing beneficial educational opportunities to orthopaedic surgeons from LMICs. There is, however, a significant discrepancy between reported scholar interest and actual engagement in leadership endeavors including: research, organization of regional courses, and POSNA membership. The impact of the POSNA-COUR visiting scholar program can be enhanced through collaboration with scholarship alumni in these key areas. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV-case series.
Complex coacervation of statistical polyelectrolytes: role of monomer sequences and formation of inhomogeneous coacervates

Advances in synthetic chemistry have led to greater control over the sequence of polymeric materials, and the ability to create patterns whose complexity is reminiscent of that of biological macromolecules. In random copolymers synthesized via statistical copolymerization, the sequence follows a first-order Markov chain process governed by the underlying reactivity ratios. In this work, theory and simulations are combined to study the role of sequence in the complex coacervation of oppositely charged random (co)polyelectrolytes, i.e. copolymers comprising cationic/anionic and neutral monomers. It is found that charged monomers enhance the proclivity towards complex coacervation, and enhance the coacervates' stability upon addition of salt. This result is general, and holds for both good and poor solvents, despite the different (“closed” and “open”) shapes of the respective coacervation binodals. For high charge blockiness, simulations reveal the formation of microphase separated coacervates consisting of domains rich in ionic or neutral monomers. The transition from homogeneous to locally segregated coacervates leads to a non-monotonic dependence of the density on charge blockiness. Our results provide a comprehensive framework to understand and interpret the effects of sequence on complex coacervation, and for rational design of coacervate-based materials.
Diversity and abundance of the functional genes and bacteria associated with RDX degradation at a contaminated site pre- and post-biostimulation.

Bioremediation is becoming an increasingly popular approach for the remediation of sites contaminated with the explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). Multiple lines of evidence are often needed to assess the success of such approaches, with molecular studies frequently providing important information on the abundance of key biodegrading species. Towards this goal, the current study utilized shotgun sequencing to determine the abundance and diversity of functional genes (xenA, xenB, xplA, diaA, pnrB, nfsI) and species previously associated with RDX biodegradation in groundwater before and after biostimulation at an RDX-contaminated Navy Site. For this, DNA was extracted from four and seven groundwater wells pre- and post-biostimulation, respectively. From a set of 65 previously identified RDX degraders, 31 were found within the groundwater samples, with the most abundant species being Variovorax sp. JS1663, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas putida, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Further, 9 RDX-degrading species significantly (p<0.05) increased in abundance following biostimulation. Both the sequencing data and qPCR indicated that xenA and xenB exhibited the highest relative abundance among the six genes. Several genes (diaA, nsfI, xenA, and pnrB) exhibited higher relative abundance values in some wells following biostimulation. The study provides a comprehensive approach for assessing biomarkers during RDX bioremediation and provides evidence that biostimulation generated a positive impact on a set of key species and genes. • A co-occurrence network indicated diverse RDX degraders. • >30 RDX-degrading species were detected. • Nine RDX-degrading species increased following biostimulation. • Sequencing and high-throughput qPCR indicated that xenA and xenB were most abundant.
More is not always better: A study of country-level factors associated with adolescents’ environmental attitudes using a multilevel analysis of PISA 2006

In recent decades, environmental problems have rapidly worsened to become a planetary crisis, and mounting scientific evidence supports that this crisis is anthropogenic. With the growing concern over the anthropogenic ecological crisis, there has been more attention to the factors influencing people’s pro-environmental attitudes. However, limited research on the adolescent population exists, and country-level factors were rarely explored with mixed findings. This study examines whether and how three country-level factors of national consumption, national average environmental knowledge, and national income level significantly impact students’ environmental attitudes, using multilevel modeling methods. The analysis results show that adolescents’ environmental attitudes are negatively related to the national consumption and environmental knowledge level after controlling for important individual-level factors while having no significant relationship with the national income level. This study concludes with a discussion on the future direction of environmental education and studies.
Effective potential formulation of molecule‐molecule collisions with application to H2–H2

Coupled equations and cross section expressions are derived for the collision of two distinguishable and two identical molecules. A previously developed effective potential (Hamiltonian) formulation of molecular collisions is used throughout this paper. A semiclassical analysis of the total and differential cross sections is presented as an extension of previous elastic scattering studies. The semiclassical analysis is used to discuss conditions for significant quantum statistical oscillations in the elastic and inelastic identical molecule cross sections. Close coupling calculations for collisions of para‐para, ortho‐ortho, and ortho‐para hydrogen up to E = 0.725 eV are presented as an illustration of the general formulation. Various aspects of the H2–H2 potential are investigated. In particular, the different roles of the long‐ and short‐range anisotropies are illustrated. Both total and differential cross sections are presented for a number of transitions. The identical molecule inelastic differential cross sections show considerable quantum statistical oscillations, particularly in para‐para hydrogen. The degree of quantum statistical interference is shown to depend on the specific transition considered. The nature and desirability of certain experimental measurements is discussed with regard to determining the energy and angular dependent behavior of the cross sections.
Advances in the human genome project – A review

While celebrating its fifth official birthday last year it seems that the Human Genome Project (HGP) has and will continue to yield important biochemical information to mankind. It is exhilarating to think about the transition from studying genome structure to understanding genome function. The collective actions of information dessimination, technology development for efficient and faster sequencing, high-volume sequencing and developing model organisms has led to its success sofar. Various genome-wide STS-based human maps were completed in 1995, including a genetic map, a YAC map, a RH map with, and an integrated YAC-RH genetic map. These maps provide comprehensive frameworks for positioning additional loci, with the current genetic and RH maps spanning essentially 100% of the human genome and the YAC maps covering 95%. Few genes, however, have yet been localized on these framework maps. To date the Human Genome Project has experienced gratifying success. The technology and data produced by the genome project will provide a strong stimulus to broad areas of biological research and biotechnology. However, enormous challenges remain.
Performance of a frost hollow as a hemispherical thermal radiometer

Radiant sky hemispheric temperature, snow-surface temperature, and thermal profiles within the snowpack were measured at night in a frost hollow in southeastern Michigan, U.S.A. Snow-surface temperatures remained 3° to 5°C colder than air temperatures at 3 m above the snow surface and 6° to 7°C colder than air temperatures at 18 m, the height of the hollow's rim above its floor. Due to suppression of turbulent heat transfer, the energy balance at the surface was dominated by net longwave radiation; energy involved in sensible heat transfer through the snow was equal to only about 10% of the incoming longwave radiation. Incoming longwave radiation can be expressed as a linear function of surface temperature by means of a regression equation, which yields a coefficient of determination of 0.75.
Prior-knowledge treatment planning for volumetric arc therapy using feature-based database mining

Treatment planning for volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) is a lengthy process that requires many rounds of optimizations to obtain the best treatment settings and optimization constraints for a given patient’s geometry. We propose a feature-selection search engine that explores previously treated cases of similar anatomy, returning the optimal plan configurations and attainable DVH constraints. Using an institutional database of 83 previously treated cases of prostate carcinoma treated with volumetric-modulated arc therapy, the search procedure first finds the optimal isocenter position with an optimization procedure, then ranks the anatomical similarity as the mean distance between targets. For the best matching plan, the planning information is reformatted to the DICOM format and imported into the treatment planning system to suggest isocenter, arc directions, MLC patterns, and optimization constraints that can be used as starting points in the optimization process. The approach was tested to create prospective treatment plans based on anatomical features that match previously treated cases from the institution database. By starting from a near-optimal solution and using previous optimization constraints, the best matching test only required simple optimization steps to further decrease target inhomogeneity, ultimately reducing time spend by the therapist in planning arcs’ directions and lengths.
Mentoring of physicians at a community-based health system: preliminary findings.

BACKGROUND Mentoring has been suggested as 1 way to reduce physician stress and improve professional satisfaction, yet mentoring programs for physicians have focused principally on faculties of academic medical centers. Recently, a formal mentoring program for physicians in full-time clinical practice was created at a regional health system in western Connecticut. We describe the results of a survey of mentees' impressions of the program after its first year. METHODS We surveyed hospitalists and other physicians who had participated in the mentoring program to determine their reasons for participation, whether the program was helpful (and if so in what ways), and their recommendations for improvement. RESULTS Twenty-seven of the 39 participants responded to the survey (69%). Hospitalists were the most likely to participate in the mentoring program (18 of 24) and to respond to the survey. Career planning (52%), balance among personal and professional life (43%), and leadership development (38%) were the most common reasons given for meeting with a mentor. All but 1 respondent felt the mentoring program met their expectations by setting goals (62%), planning next steps in their career(60%), and gaining new insights (52%). CONCLUSIONS Community-based health systems that seek to improve the professional satisfaction of their physicians should be interested in this description of the physician mentoring program of the Western Connecticut Health Network. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2013;8:642–643. © 2013 Society of Hospital Medicine
Early Ideas on the Nutritional Significance of Lipids

By 1824, Chevreul had demonstrated that fats were esters of glycerol and fatty acids of differing chain length. At the time, it was thought that fats could be synthesized only by the plant kingdom. However, by 1850, it had been found from balance studies that animals also could synthesize fats from carbohydrates. The caloric value of fat was determined in the 1860s and shown to be more than double that of carbohydrate. In 1907, it was shown that this was also true when fat was used as a source of energy for physical work. The special value of cod liver oil for the prevention and treatment of rickets was well known by 1850 but was not to be explained until much later.
Embedding pyramids in array processors with pipelined busses

The concept of pipelined buses for parallel architectures diverges from the conventional exclusive access buses and offers both possibilities and challenges for significantly improving the efficiency of interprocessor communications in parallel computers. The authors present an efficient embedding of pyramids in array processors with pipelined buses. The embedding has the property that all the neighboring nodes in the pyramid are mapped to the same bus. Thus, any two neighbors in the embedded pyramid can communicate with each other using a single bus cycle. >
Legal aspects of monetary policy in the former Soviet Union

(1993). Legal aspects of monetary policy in the former Soviet Union. Europe-Asia Studies: Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 193-209.
A Spirochaeta phage.

A MICRO-ORGANISM identified provisionally as Spirochaeta rosea nom. prov. has been isolated from a marine upper littoral rock-pool at Woods Hole, Mass. The filaments are spiral, 5–200µ long, 0.7µ wide, with a regular pitch of about 7µ and an amplitude of 2µ (Figs. 1 and 2). Transverse cell walls, approximately 2.5µ apart, are revealed by phase-contrast or electron microscopy (Fig. 3). In size and form the organism resembles S. plicatilis Ehrbg. (= Ehrenbergia plicatilis (Ehrbg.) Gieszczykiewicz)1–4, but in mass the cells are seen to be pinkish or brick red. Growth is markedly aerophilic, with an optimum temperature of 35° C. In sea water supplemented with yeast extract (0.5 per cent) and tryptone (0.5 per cent), the doubling time is 100–120 min. At concentrations less than one-half sea water, growth is suppressed.
Examining the Relationship Between Routine Activities and Malware Infection Indicators

The threat of attacks enabled by malicious software, or programs used to compromise computer systems and steal information, has increased dramatically over the last two decades. There has, however, been little research considering the correlates of malware infection victimization. Thus, this study attempts to refine the existing literature on malware victimization using multiple measures for the presence of an infection and a Routine Activities framework to identify the correlates of infection in a sample of students, faculty, and staff at a southeastern university. The implications of this study for criminological theory and cybercrime research are discussed in detail.
Chlorpromazine-sensitive developmental processes in the sea urchin, Lytechinus pictus—II. Effects of neuroactive agents on the susceptibility of the gastrulation process to chlorpromazine

Abstract 1. 1. The complete inhibition of gastrulation in sea urchin embryos continuously incubated in 1 μM chlorpromazine beginning at the hatched blastula stage was partially reversed by serotonin (10 μM), lanthanum ions (1 μM), dibutyrl cAMP (1 μM), or reserpine (10 μM) but not by dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, acetylcholine, dibutyrl cGMP, or excess calcium ions. 2. 2. The specific inhibition of the secondary phase of gastrulation by 0.5 μM chlorpromazine was not reversed by any of the above agents. 3. 3. Hatched blastula embryos cultured in 1 μM chlorpromazine sulfoxide or 1 μM haliperidol, a dopamine antagonist, developed to normal pluteus larvae. 4. 4. A serotonergic morphogenetic mechanism is proposed.
Application of the Net Present Value Criterion in Random and Flow Shop Scheduling

While the majority of the literature on shop scheduling has emphasized time-based performance criteria such as mean flow time, lateness, and tardiness, the primary goal of management should be the maximization of shop profitability. In this research the net present value (NPV) criterion is introduced to measure shop profitability. This measure combines aspects of job flow time and inventory holding costs into a single measure. A simulation model of a job shop is used to examine the performance of a variety of time- and value-based scheduling rules. These rules are evaluated with respect to the NPV criterion in both random and flow shop environments. The results suggest that priority rules that utilize monetary information about jobs yield a higher NPV than many time-based rules in most situations, with little sacrifice in job tardiness. A well-researched time-based rule, critical ratio, also provides excellent performance when the shop is heavily loaded.
The Newton—Kantorovich method under mild differentiability conditions and the Ptâk error estimates

We study the Newton-Kantorovich method under mild differentiability conditions. Using Zabrejko-Nguen assumptions we extend the results obtained byZabrejko andNguen in [11]. We also derive Ptâk error estimates which compare favorably with the ones obtained previously byKeller [4],Rokne [7], andArgyros in [1].
Nociceptin attenuates methamphetamine abstinence-induced withdrawal-like behavior in planarians.

Abstract Planarians display a concentration-related reduction in locomotor activity when amphetamine, cocaine, cannabinoid, or benzodiazepine exposure is abruptly discontinued. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that abrupt discontinuation of methamphetamine would also cause withdrawal-like behavior in planarians and that the withdrawal-like behavior would be prevented by nociceptin, which has been shown to modulate the effects of methamphetamine in mammals. We observed a concentration-related reduction of locomotor behavior when planarians exposed to methamphetamine (0.1–100 μM) were tested in drug-free water. The withdrawal-like behavior was abolished when methamphetamine (10 μM)-exposed planarians were placed into water containing nociceptin (10 μM) or when planarians co-exposed to methamphetamine (10 μM) and nociceptin (10 μM) were placed into drug-free water. The effects of nociceptin were abolished in the presence of a nociceptin receptor antagonist, JTC-801 (1 μM). Planarians did not display a change in locomotor behavior during exposure to nociceptin (10 μM) or JTC-801 (1 μM) by themselves. These results (1) reveal a functional interaction between nociceptin and methamphetamine in planarians and (2) provide evidence that nociceptin blocks methamphetamine-induced withdrawal-like behavior in planarians through a JTC-801-sensitive mechanism.
Natural Science and Learning: A Review of Behavior Analysis and Learning (5th Edition)

The fifth edition of Behavior Analysis and Learning (Pierce and Cheney 2013) clearly identifies learning as a natural science process and places behavior analysis at the center of learning research and theory. The text progresses from fundamental assumptions, methods, and basic principles, to complex applications and culminates with a strong discussion of selection by consequences as the underlying principle for behavioral, evolutionary, and cultural change. The authors root their text in classic and contemporary empirical studies in the experimental analysis of behavior. Additionally, the text frequently branches into applied behavior analysis, behavioral neuroscience, and other topics with thoughtful and challenging subsections. The depth and scope of this latest edition of Behavior Analysis and Learning makes it a highly versatile text that can fulfill various goals of undergraduate and graduate programs. What follows is a review that highlights selected chapters, summarizes noteworthy supplemental sections, and identifies considerations for potential readers.
New traction devices to aid reduction of shoulder dislocations

A set of traction devices that aid in the reduction of shoulder dislocations is described and their use and efficiency are discussed. A series of 47 consecutive patients seen over a six-month period and diagnosed as having shoulder dislocations with no other major trauma composed the study population. After radiographic confirmation and premedication with analgesics and muscle relaxants, the devices were used. The traction-countertraction method was used initially. When this method was unsuccessful, the Stimson method was performed using an alternate traction strap. These devices were successful in 96% of the relocations attempted. No complications were encountered. The traction devices were found to be effective and easy to use.
GRAND TOUR MISSIONS TO THE OUTER SOLAR SYSTEM WITH SATURN (INTERMEDIATE 20)

Discussion of the hazards, spacecraft features, time schedules, scientific objectives, and experiment packages which would probably characterize Grand Tour missions to the outer planets. The capabilities of the Saturn Intermediate 20 vehicle and supporting subsystems presently envisioned for such missions are outlined on the basis of comparison with other candidate launch vehicles. Hazard estimates are given for asteroid encounters, on-board and external radiation sources, trajectory perturbations, and operational reliability of equipment. Direct, swingby, and multiplanet missions are discussed in terms of launch opportunities, injection velocities, and flight durations. Measurements which should be carried out are evaluated for relevant contributions to knowledge of the outer planets.
Time-dependent decay of surface-plasmon-coupled molecular fluorescence

Abstract We calculate the time-dependent decay of the surface-plasmon-coupled molecular fluorescence from a solution of diffusing dye molecules near a metal. Measurements of this signal for an ethanol solution of Tb acetylacetonate next to a Ag film agree well with the calculation when effects due to the non-local response of Ag are included.
Outlines of a Topography of Cruelty: Citizenship and Civility in the Era of Global Violence

With this pretentious title, I want to continue investigating a nexus of problems, both theoretical and philosophical, which I already touched upon several times – particularly in my Wellek Lectures at Irvine in 1996.1 The term “cruelty” is chosen by convention (but with some literary references in mind) to indicate those forms of extreme violence, either intentional or systemic, physical or moral – although such distinctions become questionable precisely when we cross the lines of extremity – that, so to speak, appear to us to be “worse than death.” It is my hypothesis, generally speaking, that the actual or virtual looming of cruelty represents for politics, and particularly for today’s politics in the framework of socalled globalization, a crucial experiment in which the very possibility of politics is at stake. For the speculative idea of a politics of politics, or a politics in the second degree, which aims at creating, recreating, and conserving the set of conditions within which politics as a collective participation in public affairs is possible or is not made absolutely impossible, I borrow the term “civility” – which indeed has many other uses. It is certainly an ambiguous term, but I think that its connotations are preferable to those of, say, civilization, socialization, police and policing, politeness, etc. In particular, “civility” does not necessarily involve the idea of a suppression of “conflicts” and “antagonisms” in society, as if they were always the harbingers of violence and not the opposite. Much, if not most, of the extreme violence we are led to discuss is the result of a blind political preference for “consensus” and “peace,” not to speak of the implementation of law and order policies on a global scale. This, among other reasons, is what leads me to discuss these issues in terms of “topography,” by which I understand at the same time a concrete, spatial, geographical, or geopolitical perspective – for instance taking into account such shifting distinctions as “North and South,” “center and periphery,” “this side of the border or across the border,” “global and local,” etc. – and an abstract, speculative perspective, meaning that the causes and effects of extreme violence are not produced on one and the same stage, but on different “scenes” or “stages,” which can be pictured as “real” and “virtual” or “imaginary” – but the imaginary and the virtual are probably no less material, no less determining than the real. This paper is based on a talk which I was asked to deliver in November 1999 for the opening of the Graduate Course in Humanitarian Action at the University of Geneva.2 This will explain why the issues of citizenship and segregation,
Heat capacity and phase transitions of mixtures of pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane over the superambient temperature range

Abstract The heat capacities and enthalpies of phase transition for mixtures of pentaerythritol and trimethylolpropane in different mole ratios were measured over the superambient temperature range by means of an automated adiabatic calorimeter. Two phase transitions, one a solid-solid transition and the other melting, were found for each mole ratio studied. The solid-solid transition of the mixture is considered to be due to the melting of trimethylolpropane among the lattice sites of pentaerythritol. The melting enthalpy of the mixture is mainly attributed to the breaking of the pentaerythritol lattice.
Life Impairments in Adults With Medication-Treated ADHD:

Objective: In developing psychosocial approaches to augment outcomes for medication-treated adults with ADHD, it is important to understand what types of life-impairments are most affected by conti...
Neutral gas temperature and densities in the divertor region and pump duct of ITER

Abstract A 2-D Monte-Carlo simulation of the neutral atom densities in the divertor, divertor throat and pump duct of ITER was made using the DEGAS code. Plasma conditions in the scrape-off layer and region near the separatrix were modeled using the B2 plasma transport code. Wall reflection coefficients including the effect of realistic surface roughness were determined by using the fractal TRIM code. The DEGAS and B2 coupling was iterated until a consistent recycling was predicted. Results were obtained for a helium and a deuterium/tritium mixture on seven different ITER divertor throat geometries. Recycling, pumping efficiency ratios, temperatures and densities vary markedly. For example, the helium to hydrogen pumping ratio can show a factor of 2.67 ± 0.53 enhancement over the ratio of helium to hydrogen incident on the divertor plate. If the helium flux profile on the divertor plate is moved outward by 20 cm with respect to the D/T flux profile for this particular geometry, the enhancement increases to 4.36 ± 0.90.