cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Value of Sonography in the Assessment of Skin Cancers and Their Metastases

Skin cancer has become more prevalent in recent years, and finding ways to assess and characterize it prior to excision is important. Sonography can be an integral part of the preoperative and follow-up assessment of melanoma, metastatic lymph nodes, and nonmelanoma skin cancers. A review of the literature is reported, indicating that sonography appears to be effective at showing lesion thickness, defining lesion borders, and helping to identify whether lymph nodes are metastatic; however, it cannot differentiate among the types of skin cancer. Based on these findings, best practice scanning techniques are outlined for sonographers.
Planar Doppler Velocimetry for Transonic Flowfields in the AEDC 16T Wind Tunnel

Over a period of several years, the AEDC Planar Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) system has been developed for use in the 16by 16-ft square test section of the 16T Propulsion Wind Tunnel to obtain transonic off-body flow measurements around large-scale test articles. The demonstration described in this paper was part of a facility checkout project that involved the use of a standard calibration check model (the Facility Aerodynamics Validation and Operations Research, or FAVOR, test article). For this PDV demonstration in 16T, a continuous-wave laser light source is used, one that has a narrower laser linewidth than the pulsed laser that has been used in previous 16T-PDV demonstrations. The continuous-wave laser allows fiber optic beam delivery into the test cell, greatly improving the practicality of using PDV in 16T. Another system improvement related to ease-of-use is the implementation of coherent fiber optic imaging bundles to provide PDV images to the iodine cell/camera systems. Velocity data from a region 36-in. wide by 30-in. tall, located just behind the model, were obtained for two supersonic Mach numbers and four model pitch angles. Measured freestream velocities and measured crossflow velocities were obtained. Overall accuracy in the measured data, for both freestream and crossflow velocity measurements, is estimated at ±15% of freestream velocity.
Non-Hermitian nanophotonic and plasmonic waveguides

Non-Hermitian Hamiltonians arising from parity-time (PT)-symmetric potentials have been extensively explored in optical systems, owing to their ability to generate asymmetric and even nonreciprocal light propagation. In this paper, we investigate such PT potentials in plasmonic systems, demonstrating asymmetric optical propagation in deeply subwavelength waveguides. In particular, we investigate a five layer plasmonic waveguide composed of metallic layers separated by dielectric media containing either loss or gain in equal quantities. Through an analytic solution of Maxwell's equations, we identify the four lowest order modes of the waveguide, including two positive index modes and two negative index modes, and investigate their evolution with increasing but balanced gain and loss, $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. Both the exact analytic approach and an approximate one based on Rayleigh-Schrodinger perturbation theory demonstrate eigenvalue merging and state coalescence with increasing $\ensuremath{\kappa}$, unlike the familiar energy-level splitting observed in conventional coupled systems. The state coalescence always occurs between modes of opposite parity. Also, by changing the coupling between the waveguide layers, state coalescence can occur between modes with opposite refractive indices, resulting in the merging of a positive index mode with a negative index mode at the exceptional point. We use dispersion diagrams and field profiles to illustrate the asymmetric plasmon propagation properties with increasing $\ensuremath{\kappa}$. We also show that at the system's exceptional point, the modal power varies quadratically along the waveguide. This study represents a spectral analysis of deeply subwavelength PT-symmetric plasmonic and multimodal photonic waveguides and provides a foundation for designing asymmetric and unidirectional nanophotonic devices.
Be Mindful of Motives for Mindfulness Training

The focal article (Hyland, Lee, & Mills, 2015) has reviewed the literature and has generally concluded that research on mindfulness training has been supportive and suggestive of the potential of these interventions to benefit organizations and people in the workplace. We generally agree with this conclusion but have some suggestions regarding future research and the implementation of mindfulness interventions. Our first suggestion is that organizations exercise caution about simply jumping on the mindfulness bandwagon without thinking through the decision to implement mindfulness interventions. The wide variety of mindfulness techniques can be very different in terms of the techniques used, the potential to be perceived as intrusive, and the outcomes associated with the different mindfulness interventions. We suggest that, when mindfulness interventions are implemented in organizations, the fit of the intervention with the specific goals of the organization be considered as well as alternative interventions. In addition, we suggest that the benefits to employees and employers be clearly articulated, as there may be possible conflicts between these constituencies.
Morbidity and mortality among exclusively breastfed neonates with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency

Despite greatly improved morbidity and mortality among infants with medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCAD) since the implementation of universal newborn screening (NBS), a population of neonates still becomes ill before their positive screen results are available. Exclusive breastfeeding is a proposed risk factor in this group. Since initial studies of MCAD NBS, breastfeeding rates have increased substantially. In this study, we quantify the current risk of early decompensation in neonates with MCAD and identify factors associated with poor outcomes. We completed a retrospective analysis of neonates with MCAD referred to our center between 2010 and 2015. Of 46 infants with MCAD, 11 (23.9%) were symptomatic before the return of the NBS results. Four died or had cardiac arrest; the remaining seven had lethargy and hypoglycemia. All symptomatic patients were exclusively breastfed; only 40.6% of asymptomatic patients were exclusively breastfed. Breastfeeding rates increased from 45.5% in 2010–2011 to 64.7% in 2012–2013 and 87.5% in 2014–2015. Over these same periods, rates of early decompensation increased from 9.09% to 23.5% and 75%, respectively. Exclusively breastfed neonates with MCAD are at risk for early metabolic decompensation. As breastfeeding rates increase, close management of feeding difficulties is essential for all neonates awaiting NBS results. Genet Med 18 12, 1315–1319.
Noise-adjusted subspace linear discriminant analysis for hyperspectral-image classification

The traditional solution to addressing the small-sample-size problem as it applies to linear discriminant analysis is to implement the latter in a principal-component subspace, a strategy known as subspace linear discriminant analysis. In this work, this approach is extended by coupling subspace linear discriminant analysis and noise-adjusted principal component analysis in order to provide noise-robust feature extraction and classification of high-dimensional data. The resulting noise-adjusted subspace linear discriminant analysis is evaluated using hyperspectral imagery, with experimental results demonstrating that the proposed approach provides not only superior classification performance as compared to traditional subspace-based linear-discriminant methods but also effective dimensionality reduction for classification even in the presence of noise.
Septic peritonitis in a Percheron mare associated with Clostridium haemolyticum

Summary This report describes an 11-year-old Percheron mare that presented with signs of colic and was ultimately diagnosed with bacterial peritonitis of unknown origin. Bacterial culture of a peritoneal fluid sample isolated 2 Clostridial species, one of which was strongly suspected to be Clostridium haemolyticum. The horse was markedly hypoalbuminaemic at presentation, leading to the development of low oncotic pressure and ventral oedema. The mare was administered a low molecular weight/low molar substitution hydroxyethyl starch solution in conjunction with other therapies that resulted in marked improvement of clinical signs. The purpose of this report is to describe the clinical findings associated with equine peritonitis associated with C. haemolyticum, a rarely identified pathogen in the horse. Secondly, this report serves to describe the beneficial effects of tetrastarch administration in a clinical case with severe hypoalbuminaemia and ventral oedema.
Highly porous nitrogen-doped carbon nanoparticles synthesized via simple thermal treatment and their electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction

Abstract This paper presents a materials study with the aim of obtaining nitrogen-doped porous carbon nanoparticles (NPCNs) with a fine pore network that provides efficient access for mass transport as well as abundant electrocatalytic active sites for oxygen reduction reactions (ORR). Carbon black (CB) after pretreatment by either heat or nitric acid was used as a carbon source. NPCNs were prepared using the pretreated CB impregnated with cyanamide via a simple thermal treatment. The pretreatment and the synthesis temperature have significant effects on the amount of nitrogen species present and pore structures of the NPCNs. Thermal treatment incorporates nitrogen into the carbon network but also increases the volume of pores larger than 2 nm in diameter and surface area. Heating of nitric acid-pretreated CB impregnated with cyanamide at 1000 °C gives NPCNs contained an optimal combination between the concentration of quaternary N and surface area. The NPCNs exhibited high activity for ORR in a rotating disk electrode system and were also effectively applied to a gas diffusion electrode. The specific current density normalized to the surface area depends on the quaternary N concentration, suggesting that quaternary N creates the active sites for ORR.
ML277 Opens KCNQ1 Channels by Selectively Enhancing the AO State

The KCNQ1 K+ channel α subunit and the auxiliary subunit KCNE1 form the IKs channel in the heart that is important in controlling heart rhythm. In response to membrane depolarization, the KCNQ1 channel undergoes intermediate open (IO) and activated open (AO) states that correspond to the stepwise movement of the voltage sensor to the intermediate and full activation. IO and AO states showed different properties in voltage dependence of gating, permeation, and pharmacology. The association of KCNE1 suppresses IO but enhances AO, thereby radically alters properties of the channel to suit the physiological role of IKs in terminating the action potential.
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: A Battle of the Sexes.

Despite the high prevalence and severe consequences of calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD), its pathogenesis remains relatively poorly understood. For many years, CAVD was considered a degenerative disease, where calcification was a consequence of normal aging. Although it is now widely accepted that CAVD is an active disease process,1 the erroneous degenerative label contributed to delayed progress in characterizing this condition. At present, our understanding of the mechanisms governing CAVD lags far behind our knowledge of atherosclerosis, a disease to which CAVD is frequently compared. Ultimately, our incomplete understanding of CAVD pathogenesis has profound consequences: other than surgical valve replacement, there remains no treatment to stop the onset or progression of CAVD. Article, see p 681 Consistent with many other cardiovascular diseases, male sex closely follows advanced age as a risk factor for developing CAVD.2 During the past 5 years, there has been a surge in the appreciation of sex as a biological variable, with a report on the importance of sex-specific research reporting issued by the Institute of Medicine and National Academies,3 decisions by several journal publishers to require the reporting of the sex of all tissues and cells in papers, and the 2014 introduction of an National Institutes of Health policy requiring that sex as a biological variable be addressed as an aspect of rigor and reproducibility in National Institutes of Health grants. In the context of CAVD, there is scant information on sex-specific differences in valve biology or pathology. Although several studies have demonstrated higher prevalence of CAVD among men, investigations that explicitly focus on this issue have concentrated on sex differences in ventricular or vascular dysfunction caused by CAVD,4,5 rather than the valve itself. Moreover, the majority of in vitro valve investigations use valvular interstitial cell …
Rand Paul at Howard University and the Rhetoric of the New Southern Strategy

This essay argues that Senator Rand Paul’s address at Howard University in April 2013, meant to bridge racial divides between the Republican Party and Black voters, actually represented a second-ge...
Reorienting Research in Agricultural Economics

If one is to answer with any wisdom the question of the desirable reorientation of research in the future, he should prepare himself by getting in mind as clearly as possible the trends which it has already shown. With this in mind I directed a letter of inquiry to each of the agricultural experiment stations which has a section devoted to this work. I also put a similar set of questions to the men in charge of research work in the Bureau of Agricultural Economics and the Farm Credit Administration. Viewing the latter organization as the residuary devisee of the Federal Farm Board, I suggested that their review should run back to 1929. Finally I asked Professor John D. Black to give me a memorandum of the impressions as to trend of research activities which he has derived from
Establishment and characterization of androgen-independent human prostate cancer cell lines, LN-REC4 and LNCaP-SF, from LNCaP

1004 Aim: To investigate the mechanisms of androgen-independent growth in prostate cancer (PCa), we established two PCa cell lines, LN-REC4 and LNCaP-SF, from the androgen-dependent PCa cell line, LNCaP. Materials and methods: LN-Pre and LN-REC4 cells were generated from LNCaP tumors grown on intact and castrated scid mouse, respectively. After we cultured LNCaP cells under a steroid-free conditions for 6 months in vitro, LNCaP-SF cells were established. To show the character of LN-REC4 and LNCaP-SF cells, androgen sensitivity was investigated through examination of growth rate, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA), androgen receptor (AR), p21, p27, and cyclin D1 expression were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Angiogenesis assay in vitro was carried out using conditioned medium. To examine the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were also done. We also carried out cDNA microarray analysis to compare the differential expression between LNCaP and LNCaP-SF with or without androgen using IntelliGene DNA tip. Results and conclusions: LN-REC4 cells proliferated better than LNCaP cells in castrated mice and did well irrespective of castration, although responsiveness for androgen of LN-REC4 cells attenuated less than that of LNCaP cells in vitro. LNCaP-SF cells in castrated mice proliferated more rapidly than in normal mice. The PSA expression in LNCaP-SF cells was still induced by androgen. Expression of AR, p21, p27 and cyclin D1 were not changed in LN-REC4 and LNCaP-SF cells. Angiogenesis assay showed that both cells stimulated angiogenesis. LN-REC4 cells induced VEGF more than LNCaP and LN-Pre cells. However, expression of VEGF per cell in LNCaP-SF was lower than LNCaP cells, suggesting that other factors might be involved in angiogenesis. cDNA microarray analysis revealed that more than 200 androgen-regulated genes were up-regulated and down-regulated by androgen in LNCaP and LNCaP-SF cells. These cell lines might be a useful tool for researching androgen-independent growth and treatments of recurred PCa.
Correction for Non-Linearity of Proportional Counter Systems in Electron Probe X-Ray Microanalysis

While the theoretical basis for the correction of non-linearity of detector systems is well known, methods for the determination of dead-time effects must be adapted to electron probe microanalyzer systems. Two such methods, one employing both X-ray and current measurements and the other employing simultaneous X-ray measurements on two spectrometers, are described. The effect of pulse-height shrinkage at high counting rates on the linearity of the detector system is discussed. When the proposed corrections for the dead-time of X-ray detector systems employing proportional counters are applied to the X-ray intensity measurements obtained with the electron probe microanalyzer, count rates as high as 50,000 counts/sec can be used.
Health-Care Initiatives, Strategies, and Challenges for People with Disabilities in Rural, Frontier, and Territory Settings

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the implications of the US Affordable Care Act (ACA) for rural residents with disabilities. Special attention is given to rural health disparities, challenges of health-care services, availability of medical providers, and the confluence of poverty. Barriers to health care and health delivery that significantly impact health outcomes for rural residents are highlighted. Most importantly, it suggests that the Affordable Care Act has substantially decreased the number of uninsured individuals and established a number of provisions to impact the quality of health care in rural communities. However, even after the Affordable Care Act, health inequities remain. Further, this chapter explores proposals to improve rural health services and presents initiatives to “tweak,” replace, and expand the Affordable Care Act.
Ranging precision analysis of LTE signals

The ranging precision of the secondary synchronization signal in cellular long-term evolution (LTE) systems is evaluated. First, the pseudorange error for a delay-locked loop with a coherent baseband discriminator is analyzed, and a closed-form expression for the standard deviation of the pseudorange error is derived. Second, the effect of multipath on the ranging error is evaluated analytically. Experimental results closely matching the analytical expression of the pseudorange error standard deviation are presented. Key remarks to take into consideration when designing a receiver for positioning using LTE signals are provided throughout the paper.
Low-power Scaling-friendly Ring Oscillator based ΔΣ ADC

Ring oscillators (ROs) are increasingly being used for ΔΣ ADC. This is because of the highly digital nature of ROs which makes them very amenable for design in scaled CMOS technologies. This work presents recent advances in RO based ΔΣ ADCs. In addition to being low power and scaling friendly, ring oscillators also possess intrinsic integration and quantization properties, which make them well suited for oversampling ADC applications. This work presents a review on both discrete-time and continuous-time ring oscillator based delta-sigma ADCs, as well as a novel second-order phase-locked loop (PLL)-like ring oscillator based ΔΣ ADC.
Risk Score to Predict Need for Intensive Care in Initially Hemodynamically Stable Adults With Non-ST-Segment-Elevation Myocardial Infarction.

Background Intensive care unit (ICU) use for initially stable patients presenting with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) varies widely across hospitals and minimally correlates with severity of illness. We aimed to develop a bedside risk score to assist in identifying high‐risk patients with NSTEMI for ICU admission. Methods and Results Using the Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network (ACTION) Registry linked to Medicare data, we identified patients with NSTEMI aged ≥65 years without cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest on presentation. Complications requiring ICU care were defined as subsequent development of cardiac arrest, shock, high‐grade atrioventricular block, respiratory failure, stroke, or death during the index hospitalization. We developed and validated a model and integer risk score (Acute Coronary Treatment and Intervention Outcomes Network (ACTION) ICU risk score) that uses variables present at hospital admission to predict requirement for ICU care. Of 29 973 patients with NSTEMI, 4282 (14%) developed a complication requiring ICU‐level care, yet 12 879 (43%) received care in an ICU. Signs or symptoms of heart failure, initial heart rate, initial systolic blood pressure, initial troponin, initial serum creatinine, prior revascularization, chronic lung disease, ST‐segment depression, and age had statistically significant associations with requirement for ICU care after adjusting for other risk factors. The ACTION ICU risk score had a C‐statistic of 0.72. It identified 11% of patients as having very high risk (>30%) of developing complications requiring ICU care and 49% as having low likelihood ( Conclusions The ACTION ICU risk score quantifies the risk of initially stable patients with NSTEMI developing a complication requiring ICU care, and could be used to more effectively allocate limited ICU resources.
Gratings and Zone Plates

If the waves protrayed in Figure 1.15 had been single-wavelength light waves, rather than sound waves, and if the two radiators had been long slits perpendicular to the paper, a white screen placed to the right of these slits would have displayed a comparable series of bright and dark vertical bands, called, in optical terminology, fringes. We noted earlier, in connection with Figure 1.2, that when one of two wave sets is a full wavelength ahead of the other, the two again add, and, therefore, as in Figure 2.16, wave energy is diffracted into those off-angle directions for which such a condition holds.
Multiple prosthetic infections after total joint arthroplasty. Risk factor analysis.

The relative risk of age, sex, underlying diagnosis, corticosteroid usage, diabetes mellitus, and major nonprosthetic infection for the development of multiple prosthetic infections was assessed retrospectively. Deep infection occurred in 174 replacement arthroplasties in 145 patients between 1981 and 1993. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a significantly larger number of implants per patient (P < .001). Twenty-seven of 145 patients developed a second prosthetic infection, for an overall incidence of 19%. Of these 27, the underlying diagnoses were rheumatoid arthritis in 19, osteoarthritis in 6, neuropathic arthritis in 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus in 1. Rheumatoid arthritis and the occurrence of a major nonprosthetic infection (sepsis) were found to be highly associated with the development of a second prosthetic infection (P < .001 and P = .0001, respectively). In those rheumatoid patients with multiple infections, there was a significantly larger proportion with American Rheumatism Association class III and IV function than those with a single prosthetic infection (P = .0002). In 14 of the 27 cases of more than one prosthetic infection, the infected implants presented clinically within the same month. Ten of these 14 had an associated nonprosthetic infection. It is therefore not possible to accurately calculate the risk that one infected arthroplasty poses to other implants.
Explaining Cross-National Differences In Corporate Social Responsibility Behavior

Despite sixty years of academic attention to the subject of corporate social responsibility (CSR), understanding of the causal effects of this behavior remains incomplete. Prior research assumes CS...
A Modeling Approach to Classifying Malicious Cloud Users via Shuffling

DDoS attacks are still a serious security issue on the Internet. We explore a distributed Cloud setting in which users are mapped to servers where malicious users mapped to the same server can thwart the performance of legitimate users. By periodically shuffling the mapping of users to servers and observing how this affects successfully attacked servers, the malicious users can be identified. We use simple models to understand how to best score these observations to identify malicious users with well-defined levels of confidence.
Sinonasal Undifferentiated Carcinoma.

To provide a comprehensive review of the literature highlighting the recent advances in the diagnosis and management of sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma (SNUC) SNUC usually presents at advanced stage and the prognosis is usually poor with high rates of locoregional recurrence and tendency to metastasize. Special attention should be made in differentiating SNUC from other sinonasal malignancies in order to guide the appropriate treatment accordingly. Multimodality treatment is usually recommended for treating SNUC. The use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy may be associated with improved outcome and can be used to guide the subsequent treatment selection. Despite the recent advances in chemotherapeutic agents, radiation techniques, and surgical approaches, the prognosis and survival outcomes of SNUC remain poor. The addition of induction chemotherapy to the treatment approach followed by definitive local therapy needs to be further studied as it might improve the outcome.
Patient Selection: When to Use Cardiac CT Versus Other Imaging or Non-imaging Tests

There is obviously no simple algorithm for deciding when and how cardiac CT should be used. One has to consider risk factors, pretest probability, clinical presentation, and other noninvasive test results to decide whether cardiac CTA is the best next step in patient management. The question should not be about one modality lording over another but, rather, how we can integrate cardiac CT best into the comprehensive multidisciplinary workup and management of cardiovascular diseases. It is also important to mention that professional society-driven appropriateness criteria cannot keep up with the incredible speed of scanner technology development and rapid advances in novel cardiac device utilization. Therefore, imagers have to maintain flexibility and be ready to take cardiac CTA even to previously uncharted territories for the benefit of our patients.
Predicting transient hypocalcemia in patients with unplanned parathyroidectomy after thyroidectomy.

Abstract Objective To assess the utility of rapid parathyroid hormone (PTH) values in predicting transient post-operative hypocalcemia in patients with unplanned parathyroidectomy during total or completion thyroidectomy. Methods All patients who underwent total or completion thyroidectomy between January 2010 and January 2015 were reviewed. Incidences of post-operative hypocalcemia were compared in patients with and without unplanned parathyroidectomy. Unplanned parathyroidectomy was defined as intra-operative incidental or intentional parathyroidectomy. Logistic regression assessed for predictors of hypocalcemia and optimum amount of calcium supplementation. Results Thirty-eight (13.6%) patients had evidence of incidental parathyroidectomy and 39/280 (13.9%) patients had parathyroid autotransplantation intra-operatively. Central neck dissection and malignancy were identified as risk factors for unplanned parathyroidectomy (p = 0.001, p = 0.060). Patients with unplanned parathyroidectomy were more likely to have hypocalcemia (p = 0.002) and hypoparathyroidism (p Conclusion Post-operative PTH value predicts hypocalcemia in patients undergoing total and completion thyroidectomy with unplanned parathyroidectomy. In patients with a post-operative PTH
Factors associated with self-reported mental health of residents exposed to Hurricane Harvey

Abstract Background Elevated rates of mental morbidity have been reported among residents of areas exposed to hurricanes. This study aims to assess the self-rated mental health of Texas residents exposed to Hurricane Harvey and identify factors associated with variations in self-rated mental health. Methods The 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) was administered to 1086 residents of the Texas Gulf Coast exposed to Hurricane Harvey. Responses were scored using the algorithm recommended by Quality Metric. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to identify the factors that predicted the respondents' mental component summary scores (MCS). Results Texas Gulf Coast residents exposed to Harvey exhibited poorer self-rated mental health than the U.S national population (Mean MCS = 34.58 (SD = 8.89)). Respondents with graduate or professional degrees, older adults, and those with higher perception of surge risk had better reported mental health after Hurricane Harvey, while females and mobile home residents had poorer reported mental health. Conclusion Residents of areas exposed to Hurricane Harvey reported poorer self-rated mental health compared to national standards. These findings support the enhanced provision of mental health services after a disaster, and suggest that they may be most effective when integrated with economic and educational programs and directed towards populations that are younger and less-educated in addition to women with children as well as those who live in mobile homes.
System in Package (SiP) Assembly and Reliability

This paper presents assembly challenges and reliability evaluation of 2.5D (aka, System in Package [SiP]) in fine pitch ball grid array (FPGA). The SiP test vehicles were configured with centrally located integrated circuits (IC) surrounded by eight chip scale packages (CSPs). The ICs and CSPs with either tin-lead (SnPb) or SAC305 balls were assembled onto a fine pitch ball grid array (FPGA) interposer for subsequent assembly into a hybrid configuration. Mix assembly becomes a challenging task and required to be characterized by X-ray for solder-joint quality and by Shadow Moire analysis for warpage characterization. Acceptable assemblies were then subjected to thermal cycling between −40°C and 125°C for reliability evaluation and failure mechanisms assessment. The paper presents details of design, characterization by X-ray and Moire, as well as reliability behavior of the SiP due to thermal cycling exposures. Failure analyses results also presented covering evaluation by optical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-sectioning, and dye-and-pry methods.
Electrocrystallization and Crystallization from the Gas Phase

The problem of crystal growth from the vapor has been analyzed in detail, especially by Frank and his collaborators.12,44,178,179 In particular, they considered the problem of the equilibrium structure of a crystal surface and concluded that the steps on the surface of a crystal would present a large concentration of kinks and, therefore, would readily incorporate adatoms in their near vicinity. Another important conclusion concerns the primary role of surface diffusion in the mechanism of evaporation and growth of crystals.
Qualitative Approaches for Studying Innovation as Process

We articulate several options for conducting qualitatively research on innovation as process. First, we explicate the meanings associated with the terms innovation, process, and qualitative. Then, we offer examples of studies that embrace variance and process onto-epistemologies. The objective of our review is to clarify the choices researchers must make based on the questions they want to address and the values they espouse on innovation.
Linear and Efficient NFET-MESFET 5G Cascode Power Amplifiers Using 45nm SOI CMOS

Integrated n-channel NFET-MESFET cascode power amplifiers (PAs) have been fabricated using a 45 nm SOI CMOS technology optimized for 5G applications. The cascode architecture combines the RF performance of the 40nm gate length NFET (f max > 340 GHz) with the high voltage capability (V DD > 10 V) of the SOI MESFET. Load-pull measurements at 5.8 GHz confirm that a PA with 18 dBm saturated output power, >21dB gain, and >50% power added efficiency (PAE) can support 64QAM signals with 3% error vector magnitude and 25% average PAE at 6dB backed off power levels. These results suggest that an NFET-MESFET cascode PA might be suitable for low-cost 5G picocell/femtocell applications without the need for digital pre-distortion.
Molecular Energy Learning Using Alternative Blackbox Matrix-Matrix Multiplication Algorithm for Exact Gaussian Process.

We present an application of the blackbox matrix-matrix multiplication (BBMM) algorithm to scale up the Gaussian Process (GP) training of molecular energies in the molecular-orbital based machine learning (MOB-ML) framework. An alternative implementation of BBMM (AltBBMM) is also proposed to train more efficiently (over four-fold speedup) with the same accuracy and transferability as the original BBMM implementation. The training of MOB-ML was limited to 220 molecules, and BBMM and AltBBMM scale the training of MOB-ML up by over 30 times to 6500 molecules (more than a million pair energies). The accuracy and transferability of both algorithms are examined on the benchmark datasets of organic molecules with 7 and 13 heavy atoms. These lower-scaling implementations of the GP preserve the state-of-the-art learning efficiency in the low-data regime while extending it to the large-data regime with better accuracy than other available machine learning works on molecular energies.
The cholinergic system in tissues without innervation: Choline acetyltransferase, choline and acetylcholine in the placenta of the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract Six near-term placentae from rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta ) were analyzed for their contents of choline acetyltransferase (ChAc), acetylcholine (ACh) and choline (Ch). ChAc was measured by a radiometric assay in the presence of [1- 14 C]acetylcoenzyme A and choline and distinguished from other acetyltransferases by a differential assay involving acetylcholinesterase or selective ion pair extraction of [1− 14 C]ACh with tetraphenylboron. At 150 days of gestation the rhesus placenta synthesized 4.067 ± 0.737 μmoles ACh/g wet weight/hr. Ch and ACh were determined with a radiochemical method based on the phosphorylation of free Ch by choline kinase in the presence of [ 32 P]ATP. ACh was first isolated by ion pair extraction and high voltage electrophoresis. Tissue levels of Ch ranged from 737 to 3892 and ACh from 8.8 to 29.0 (nmoles/g wet weight). The rhesus monkey appears to be a suitable animal model to study the physiological significance of ACh in the placenta in vivo .
Commonly Consumed Beverages in Daily Life: Do They Cause Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia in the United States and worldwide. Caffeine, alcohol, and, more recently, energy drinks are the most commonly consumed beverages in daily living, especially by young individuals. Several questions have been raised about the implications of caffeine, alcohol, and energy drinks in cardiovascular health, especially in triggering AF. This review focuses on the role of these commonly consumed beverages as a cause of AF, with special emphasis of potential mechanisms and studies addressing this issue.
Facets of Dispositional Mindfulness and Health Among College Students.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between the facets of trait mindfulness with psychological and physical health while controlling for health behaviors in college students. Participants: 310 students from a small, private college in the Northeastern United States. Outcome measures: Students completed self-report measures, including the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Medical Outcomes Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and the Rutgers Alcohol Problems Index (RAPI). Results: After controlling for other health behaviors, the observation facet of mindfulness was negatively associated with physical health. Both acting with awareness and nonjudging facets were positively associated with emotional well-being. For social functioning, nonjudging was a significant positive facet for this domain of health. Conclusions: Tailoring mindfulness-based interventions to enhance these facets may be beneficial to young adults.
Localized odontalgia occurring during herpes zoster of the maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve. Report of a case.

Abstract We have presented a case in which severe pain of the right lateral maxillary incisor occurred in association with herpes zoster of the ipsilateral maxillary nerve. The tooth was basically free of disease, and the pain remitted spontaneously following the healing of the mucocutaneous eruptions. It is thought that odontalgia may be an unusual manifestation of herpetic neuritis.
UNIX System Administration Handbook

The long-awaited second edition to the first truly comprehensive guide to UNIX administration. The authors cover the six most popular UNIX implementations in detail, including Solaris, HP-UX, OSF/1, and BSDI--plus other variants. Includes a CD-ROM that contains public domain software that assists in the administration of UNIX systems. It also contains the source code to the examples in the book.
Matching MARC to a picture collection: Development of a computer format for medical illustrations

Abstract The national standard machine-readable bibliographic format for films was expanded and modified for use in cataloging a collection of medical illustrations at the University of California, San Francisco. SNOMED and MeSH subject terms are stored in the computer catalog records and used to produce precoordinated entry terms for an Anatomic Index and a Disease/Procedures Index to the collection.
KCNA5 knockout mice demonstrate that Kv1.5 is a component of the native delayed rectifier K+ current in vascular smooth muscle (1077.6)

Voltage-gated K+ channels (KV) mediate physiologically important delayed rectifier K+ (KDR) currents in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). However, the molecular identity of KV subunits that compose KDR channels in VSM remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that KV1.5 (KCNA5) underlies KDR channels of VSM. To test this hypothesis, whole-cell patch clamp experiments were performed on VSM from the aortae of wild type (wt) and KV1.5 knockout (KO) mice. Single VSM were bathed in a Ca2+-free solution (to eliminate inward currents) and dialyzed with a pipette solution containing 10 mM BAPTA (a Ca2+ chelator to minimize Ca2+-activated currents). The pipette solution also contained 1 uM penitrem A (a BKCa channel antagonist) and 10 uM glibenclamide (a KATP channel antagonist) in order to study KDR in isolation. KDR current in VSM cells from wt mice was 140 ± 47 pA at +20 mV. In contrast, KDR current at +20 was only 68 ± 14 pA in VSM cells from KO mice. KDR was blocked to a greater degree by DPO-1 (a KV1.5 channel a...
Selective response to rituximab in a young child with MuSK-associated myasthenia gravis

Neuromuscular junction disorders in children are either genetic, such as congenital myasthenic syndrome, or autoimmune with circulating antibodies most commonly against acetylcholine receptors. There is limited experience recognizing and treating children with myasthenia associated with muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibodies. We report a seven-year-old child with intermittent esotropia since age 3 months, and two years of progressive and severe diplopia, dysarthria, dysphagia, and facial weakness. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies and genetic testing for congenital myasthenic syndrome were negative. Muscle specific tyrosine kinase antibodies were significantly elevated. Ophthalmoplegia and bulbar weakness were refractory to treatment with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, corticosteroids and IVIg but completely resolved following treatment with rituximab. Her neurologic examination remained normal at the most recent follow-up, 15 months after initiation of rituximab. Children with MuSK myasthenia, like adults, can respond to rituximab despite long standing disease and failure to improve on other immunosuppressant medications.
A Review of "Treating Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety: A Guide for Caregivers"

In Treating Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety: A Guide for Caregivers, Lebowitz and Omer offer a systemic and integrative approach that focuses on the interpersonal nature of anxiety as a foundation...
Psychosocial interventions for disruptive behavioural problems in children living in low- and middle-income countries: study protocol of a systematic review.

Introduction Disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) are among the most common forms of child psychopathology and have serious long-term academic, social, and mental health consequences worldwide. Psychosocial treatments are the first line of evidence-based treatments for DBDs, yet their effectiveness often varies according to patient sociodemographic characteristics, practice setting, and implementation procedures. While a large majority of the world9s children live in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), most studies have evaluated psychosocial treatments for DBDs in high-income Anglo countries. Methods and analysis The primary objective of this systematic review is to assess the effects of psychosocial treatments for DBDs in children and adolescents (under age 18) diagnosed with oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorder, or other disruptive behavioural problems living in LMIC. The secondary objectives are to: (1) describe the range and types of psychosocial treatments used to address DBDs in LMIC and (2) identify key dissemination and implementation factors (adaptation processes, training/supervision processes, and financial costs). All controlled trials comparing psychosocial treatments versus waiting list, no treatment, or treatment as usual in children living in LMIC will be included. Studies will be identified using the methods outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines without restrictions on language, publication type, status, or date of publication. The primary outcome measures will be disruptive behavioural problems (eg, oppositionality, defiance, aggression or deceit). Secondary outcomes will be positive mental health outcomes (eg, prosocial behaviour), function impairment, institutionalisation (or hospitalisation), academic outcomes and caregiver outcomes. Ethics and dissemination This study uses data from published studies; therefore ethical review is not required. Findings will be presented in a published manuscript. Trial registration number PROSPERO CRD42014015334.
Review of the systematics of Scrophulariaceae s.l. and their current disposition

Recent molecular phylogenetic studies in Lamiales have shown that the large group traditionally recognised as Scrophulariaceae is not monophyletic. Efforts to reconstruct the phylogeny of this large clade and to revise its classification to reflect that phylogeny have resulted in seven monophyletic groups, comprised mostly of members of Scrophulariaceae s.l., recognised as families in recent angiosperm classifications. These are Scrophulariaceae s.s., Orobanchaceae, Veronicaceae (cf. Plantaginaceae), Phrymaceae, Calceolariaceae, Linderniaceae, and Stilbaceae. Sampling completeness at the genus level varies from group to group, but is quite good for many. A few individual genera formerly assigned to Scrophulariaceae do not fit into any existing clade recognised at family rank and are left, at present, unassigned to family. In addition to the recognition of several clades comprised primarily of former members of Scrophulariaceae s.l., several groups previously recognised as families are now included within some of these clades. For example, Scrophulariaceae s.s. includes Buddlejaceae and Myoporaceae, and Veronicaceae includes Callitrichaceae, Globulariaceae, Hippuridaceae, and Plantaginaceae. The clades now recognised as families often are not easily diagnosed, but in many cases are more consistent with certain functional traits and geographical patterns. Examples include Orobanchaceae, which comprises all of the parasitic plants (hemiparasites and holoparasites) and Scrophulariaceae s.s., which is predominantly a southern hemisphere group.
The Nucleotide Cycle of Sec4 is Important for Its Function in Vesicular Transport

Sec4 is a ras-like, GTP-binding protein required for exocytosis in yeast (Novick et aI., 1980; Salminen and Novick, 1987). The purified protein displays a high affinity for GTP and a very low intrinsic GTPase activity (Kabcenell et aI., 1990). We have found that the addition of yeast lysate greatly stimulates the GTPase activity of the protein, reflecting the presence of a Sec4-GTPase activating protein (GAP) (Walworth et al., 1992). Excess Sec4 bound to GTPγS will inhibit the interaction, but excess Ypt1-GTPγS will not, indicating that the GAP is specific. A mutation (79Q->L) in a site of Sec4p which is predicted to interact with the phosphoryl group of GTP, lowers the intrinsic hydrolysis rate to unmeasurable levels. When purified from yeast, the mutant protein is predominantly GTP bound (Walworth et al., 1992), while the wild-type protein is predominantly GDP bound (Kabcenell et al., 1990). This mutant protein can be stimulated by the yeast Sec4-GAP activity, but only to 30% of the GAP-stimulated rate seen with wild type Sec4p. The sec4-L79 allele can function as the only copy of sec4 in yeast (Walworth et al., 1992). However, the mutation causes recessive cold sensitivity, slowing of invertase secretion, accumulation of secretory vesicles and displays synthetic lethality with a subset of other secretory mutants, indicating a partial loss of function.
Differentiation of urinary N-acetyl-p-aminophenol from endogenous phenolic compounds.

An unknown spot, observed on two-dimensional paper chromatograms of extracts of human urine, was identified as N-acetyl- p -aminophenol (APAP), a drug metabolite. This finding suggests that APAP is clearly separable from other endogenous phenolic compounds in urine by a two-dimensional paper chromatographic method. This simple technique is feasible for the specific routine analysis of APAP in urine.