cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assembly of thin gratings for soft x-ray telescopes

Diffraction gratings used in space telescopes are desired to provide high diffraction efficiency and large collecting area while maintaining minimal mass to meet cost limitations. As a result, the method of assembling such gratings into modules such that all requirements are met becomes critical. We report on the development of a new assembly scheme that densely stacks thin reflection grating substrates using precision spacers. A custom-designed, optically-polished vacuum chuck is used to constrain the substrates for grating surface metrology during assembly. This rigid subassembly composed of the vacuum chuck and grating is manipulated in space until the grating surface final angular and lateral positions are obtained, at which point the grating is transported from the chuck onto the spacers and glued in that final position. This method not only precisely aligns the gratings with respect to each other, but also improves the overall surface flatness of the substrates, since they are constrained by a flat vacuum chuck within the assembly process. This helps reduce the tolerances on the substrate shaping methods followed prior to assembly.
Neurodevelopmental outcome after open fetal surgery

Abstract Purpose: This study examined the neurological and ageappropriate developmental outcomes of 11 children who underwent open fetal surgery. Results: Nine children have normal neurological outcomes, and nine have normal development. Conclusion: Intensive postnatal care, intracranial hemorrhage, and requirement for prolonged respiratory support were associated with a worse neurological and developmental prognosis.
Complications of regional anesthesia: an overview

Perhaps the clearest picture of the numbers and types of injuries from regional anesthesia is provided by the ASA Closed Claims Project database. In reviewing these data, it is valuable to keep in mind, of course, that the lack of a denominator makes the calculation of incidence impossible. For the decade of the 1990s, 308 claims were associated with regional anesthesia (versus 642 claims associated with general anesthesia). The percentage of these claims for patient death (10%) continued its steady decline from more than 20% in the 1970s and 13% in the 1980s. The primary reason for death remains cardiac arrest associated with neuraxial blockade, though this now represents only 30% of the deaths as opposed to 61% in the 1970s and 40% in the 1980s. There were 71 permanent disabling injuries among the 308 claims. The most common of these (23%) was associated with nerve blocks of the eye (13 retrobulbar, 3 peribulbar), and typically the injury entailed loss of vision. Second in frequency (21%) were pain-management related claims involving, for example, neuraxial opiates or neurolytic blocks. Third in frequency (20%) were nerve injuries associated with neuraxial and peripheral blocks followed by epidural hematomas (13%).
Structured induction for agricultural expert systems knowledge acquisition

Abstract This paper gives a general discussion of knowledge acquisition and formalization using structured induction, and illustrates the application of induction with an example. The example is taken from actual work on a knowledge based system for malting barley crop management, where the ID3 algorithm was used to derive rules and generate a decision tree to make the irrigation decision. The objective of the paper is to give the reader a working understanding of the principles of induction and the mechanics of the ID3 algorithm.
Planar-basis pseudopotential method and planar Wannier functions for surfaces and heterostructures

Abstract Planar basis functions are used in self-consistent and empirical pseudopotential calculations for surfaces and heterostructures. The basis functions are products of two-dimensional plane waves (in the x − y plane) and Gaussian functions in the third ( z ) direction. With proper linear combinations of these basis functions, generalized planar Wannier functions are constructed, and the application of them for solving large-size GaAs/AlAs superlattices is demonstrated. It is shown that the results obtained from using the Wannier functions are essentially identical to those obtained with the fully convergent plane-wave basis.
Is There a January Effect in Corporate Bond and Paper Returns

This paper examines the question of seasonality in corporate bond and commercial paper returns by testing specifically for a January effect. Complete data covering a 131-year period for both series, as well as term premiums, are analyzed using a procedure that provides consistent estimates of the variance-covariance matrix. The results suggest that a January effect does exist for both assets for the entire period; however, closer examination reveals a strong January effect for the pre-1915 period but a dampening thereafter. We conclude that precise results depend primarily upon the time period chosen and the debt instrument examined. Tests involving the inflation rate strengthen the case for a January seasonal.
Direct observations of selective attachment of bacteria on low-grade sulfide ores and other mineral surfaces

Abstract The selective attachment of a thermophilic, pleomorphic autotroph which is similar to Sulfolobus acidocaldarius and tentatively designated Caldariella to the pyritic (FeS2) or chalcopyritic (CuFeS2) phases of a low grade copper orc was observed using a scanning electron microscope. The selective attachment was further confirmed by the identification of ore mineral phases by elemental X-ray mapping in conjunction with an energy-dispersive analyzer. These observations provide strong support for the direct contact mechanism of bacterial oxidation of minerals, particularly sulfide minerals during leaching. Preferential attachment of microorganisms to specific areas on turquoise was also observed. The bacteria were observed to attach adsorptively to the phase surface and the attachment seems to be quite tenacious. Some possible indication of the production of biomatter surrounding the attachment zone of microorganisms on turquoise was also observed. The thermophilic bacteria in some instances were observed to form a continuous layer of the microbes on pyrite phases.
Diacylglycerol formation from phosphatidylcholine in angiotensin II-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells

In cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), angiotensin II (Ang II) induces a biphasic diacylglycerol (DAG) formation peaking at 15 sec and 5 min. Although it has been well established that the first peak is produced by the hydrolysis of inositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), the origin of the second DAG peak has never been examined in detail. In the present paper, we provide evidence that the second peak of DAG formation in Ang II-stimulated VSMC originates mainly from PC.
Projecting employment in a transportation planning land use model

Large scale computer-based land use simulation models are being used increasingly in the transportation planning process. This paper discusses one aspect of these models' development: the projection of employment. More specifically, it describes the process of employment projection in the Georgia Transportation Planning Land Use Model, a rural transportation corridor impact analysis model. The employment projection method chosen for use in the Phase I model is shift and share combined with regression analysis to incorporate the impact of transportation facility improvements. Further refinement is needed to better incorporate transportation and other locational factors.
Raman tilt and nonideal tilt control function of C-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers

Due to stimulated Raman scattering, shorter wavelength channels will pump longer wavelength channels, and so transfer their energy to longer wavelength channels. A tilt occurs when a flat DWDM signals travel through transmission fiber. We characterized the Raman tilt for 100 km SSMF and LEAF fiber at composite input powers ranging from 13 dBm to 22 dBm with a 40-channel laser source with 100 GHz spacing. Raman tilt with different fiber length at different composite launch power for SSMF is fully studied. In order to compensate the positive Raman gain tilt generated in the transmission fiber, a negative tilt is required. A tilt control function is available in some EDFAs. The mechanism of this tilt control is to use a tunable attenuator to change the internal loss of the amplifier. Unfortunately, the negatively tilted gain spectrum achieved by this mechanism is not a straight line. From the simulation result, the tilted gain curve actually can be regarded as two straight lines with a junction at about 1538 nm in good approximation. By combining the Raman output spectrum with the EDFA output spectrum, tilt is eliminated, but a non-flat spectral shape is generated with a dip at 1538 nm. This combined spectral shape agrees quite well with the measured spectral shape in actual system. This study reveals imperfection with this tilt compensation mechanism. A new tilt compensation solution is proposed and tested. Test results shown significant flatness improvement.
A Bipolar Clamp Mechanism for Activation of Jak-Family Protein Tyrosine Kinases

Most cell surface receptors for growth factors and cytokines dimerize in order to mediate signal transduction. For many such receptors, the Janus kinase (Jak) family of non-receptor protein tyrosine kinases are recruited in pairs and juxtaposed by dimerized receptor complexes in order to activate one another by trans-phosphorylation. An alternative mechanism for Jak trans-phosphorylation has been proposed in which the phosphorylated kinase interacts with the Src homology 2 (SH2) domain of SH2-B, a unique adaptor protein with the capacity to homo-dimerize. Building on a rule-based kinetic modeling approach that considers the concerted nature and combinatorial complexity of modular protein domain interactions, we examine these mechanisms in detail, focusing on the growth hormone (GH) receptor/Jak2/SH2-Bβ system. The modeling results suggest that, whereas Jak2-(SH2-Bβ)2-Jak2 heterotetramers are scarcely expected to affect Jak2 phosphorylation, SH2-Bβ and dimerized receptors synergistically promote Jak2 trans-activation in the context of intracellular signaling. Analysis of the results revealed a unique mechanism whereby SH2-B and receptor dimers constitute a bipolar ‘clamp’ that stabilizes the active configuration of two Jak2 molecules in the same macro-complex.
Digoxin Toxicity in Patients with High Serum Digoxin Concentrations

A retrospective study of the clinical course and outcome of patients with serum digoxin concentrations (SDCs) greater than 3 ng/mL was conducted to determine the probability of a patient without initial signs or symptoms of digoxin toxicity subsequently developing signs or symptoms. Of 123 patients with SDCs greater than 3 ng/mL, 54 had no apparent signs or symptoms of toxicity at the time the index SDC was determined (group 1). Of these 54, two patients developed definite digoxin toxicity, although neither suffered significant morbidity. Digoxin administration was reduced or discontinued in all patients but one in group 1. There were no significant differences between the patients who had no signs or symptoms of digoxin toxicity (group 1) and those who did have signs or symptoms (group 2) in the mean SDC (3.9 +/- 0.1 vs 4.2 +/- 0.2 ng/mL, respectively), the serum creatinine (2.9 +/- 0.2 vs 3.4 +/- 0.4 mg/dL), or the incidence of atrial fibrillation (29/54 vs. 35/69) and coronary artery disease (21/54 vs. 18/69). The authors conclude that clinically stable patients receiving digoxin who have elevated SDCs but are without signs or symptoms of digoxin toxicity are at low risk of developing serious digoxin toxicity and do not generally require treatment beyond the discontinuation of digoxin therapy.
3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate with combined pelvic phased-array and endorectal coils; Initial experience(1).

Abstract Rationale and objectives High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the prostate at 1.5T has gained acceptance for pretherapeutic staging of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential clinical utility of combined pelvic phased-array and endorectal coils at 3T. Materials and methods Six volunteers were examined on 1.5T and 3T scanners with pelvic phased-array surface coil combined with a disposable endorectal prostate coil. Results We were able to acquire T2-W fast spin echo images with 1.5 mm slices, field of view 12, matrix 320 × 192, (voxel size 0.35 mm 3 ), with excellent anatomic detail and good T2 contrast. A 1.5 mm axial slice thickness permitted high-quality multiplanar reconstructions with clear visualization of small patho-anatomic structures. Dynamic contrast-enhanced gradient echo images showed excellent spatial resolution (voxel size, 0.38 mm 3 ) and temporal resolution. With this level of anatomic information in dynamic images we could clearly distinguish between intracapsular and extracapsular contrast enhancement. Conclusion Using modified T2-fast spin echo and dynamic contrast-enhanced gradient echo sequences, we obtained whole gland coverage with 35–38 μm 3 resolution, without interfering artifacts, in reasonable acquisition times and staying well below the specific absorption rate guidelines. The high spatial resolution in the axial plane allowed meaningful multiplanar reconstructions. The initial results show the clinical utility of endorectal 3T for the noninvasive evaluation of the prostate with image features and quality not achievable at 1.5 T.
Normal yeast tRNACAGGln can suppress amber codons and is encoded by an essential gene

Abstract We have isolated a gene that can encode yeast tRNACAGGln. When present on a multicopy plasmid, this gene suppresses the phenotype of a number of amber mutants, but has no effect on the ocher mutants tested. We therefore conclude that the anticodon CUG in tRNACAGGln decode the amber codon UAG by G · U mispairing, possibly by wobble base-pairing in the first codon position. This represents the second example we have observed in this laboratory of nonsense suppression in yeast by natural tRNAGln, involving G · U mispairing in the first codon position. Replacing the genomic copy of the cloned gene with a disrupted tRNA gene results in recessive lethality in heterozygous diploids and is lethal to haploid cells. This lethality can be rescued by transformation of cells with a single copy plasmid containing the tRNACAGGln gene. Thus, the gene encoding tRNACAGGln is apparently essential for viability in yeast, suggesting that it is normally present as a single copy gene.
Is Higher Better? Determinants and Comparisons of Performance on the Major Field Test in Business

Student performance on the Major Field Achievement Test in Business is an important benchmark for college of business programs. The authors’ results indicate that such benchmarking can only be meaningful if certain student characteristics are taken into account. The differences in achievement between cohorts are explored in detail by separating the effect of high-achieving students choosing certain majors (characteristics effect) from the effect of the returns on these characteristics that students realize during their college educational experience (return effect).
Selectivity by dense populations of small invertebrates foraging among seagrass blade surfaces

Current information on feeding habits of the numerous small invertebrates concentrated among seagrass blades has been inadequate to predict basic food requirements, natural influences of these crowded animals on their shared foods, or the animals’ resulting influences on each other. Apparently detrital food webs in seagrass meadows are reported frequently, but recent data from various seagrass meadows and other environments indicate that such detritus is often refractory to digestion by microorganisms and small invertebrates. A summary of literature on natural feeding habits among common seagrass meadow invertebrates, and detailed analyses of foraging by the commonest invertebrates in NW Gulf of Mexico seagrass meadows, show various degrees of feeding selectivity for epiphytic algae. Different species of epiphytes progressing along a seagrass blade can provide a gradient of food types and abundance for detailed studies on selective feeding. For minimal disturbance to feeding behavior, remote photographic sampling coupled with microacoustic monitoring and immediate, high-resolution gut analyses enable one to compare foraging frequencies on different foods to the available areas of those foods. Such comparisons can be interpreted for evidence of selectivity when an animal forages on a food more frequently than is expected by chance movement over the available areas of food. Feeding appears to be most frequent while the various invertebrates are among epiphytic algae at night, not while they are on bottom detritus. Based on available evidence from various detrital and other food webs, an hypothesis for future research is derived in which particular ephemeral algae are generally selected over other foods, but detritus may be important insteads when particular epiphytic foods are scarce. Even when total detrital foods are common, highly selected foods may be limited among such densely populated animals as in seagrass meadows.
Toward optimal sniffer-channel assignment for reliable monitoring in multi-channel wireless networks

This paper studies the optimal sniffer-channel assignment for reliable monitoring in multi-channel wireless networks. This problem concerns how to deploy certain sniffers in a network (and tune their channels) so that they can overhear and verify communication among the other nodes, referred to as normal nodes. Prior works have studied the optimal sniffer-channel assignment, but they assume perfect sniffers. However, in practice, sniffers may probabilistically make errors in monitoring, e.g., due to poor reception and compromise by an adversary. Hence, to maintain acceptable monitoring quality, a node needs to be overheard by multiple sniffers. We show that the optimal sniffer-channel assignment with sniffer redundancy differs fundamentally from the previous works due to the absence of a desirable property called submodularity. As a result, in our problem, the prior approximation algorithms no longer maintain their performance guarantees. We propose a variety of approximation algorithms based on two approaches-greedy strategy and relaxation-and-rounding approach. We present an empirical performance analysis of the proposed algorithms through simulations in practical networks. Our results suggest that our two algorithms show a performance trade-off between coverage and running time and are therefore suitable for different kinds of deployment.
Changing family dynamics: A force of change for the family-resort industry?

Abstract Families are an important market to the success of the destination resort industry. While previous research has focused on the consumer, a supply-side understanding of this market's impact is limited. To address these needs, an exploratory study examining changes in family amenities from the destination resort perspective was conducted. Owners/operators of family-oriented destination resorts (FODRs) were interviewed concerning changes in their family-oriented amenities (FOAs). Findings show that while consumers play the most significant role in driving resort change, multiple factors act as both barriers to and forces of change. Discussion and managerial implications concerning these forces and barriers are provided at the conclusion of the article.
The fatty acids of human sebaceous gland phosphatidylcholine.

Abstract The fatty acids of human sebaceous gland phosphatidylcholine were examined by gas chromatography and by analysis of the double bond positions in the C-16 and C-18 monoenes. Compared to phosphatidylcholine from other organs, sebaceous gland phosphatidylcholine was found to be deficient in essential fatty acids and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The relatively large mono-unsaturated fatty acid fraction consisted predominantly of fatty acids with Δ 6 - and Δ 8 -unsaturation. Analysis indicates that the fatty acids of sebaceous gland phospholipids are predominantly of types synthesized in sebaceous glands.
Cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy for chronic depression

Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) was developed specifically for the chronically depressed patient. CBASP has been shown to be as efficacious as medication singly, and in combination with antidepressant medication is associated with notably high response rates in chronic depression. CBASP's core procedure, “situational analysis,” is highly structured, and designed to bring about changes in thinking and behavior by emphasizing the relationships between these factors and specific situational outcomes. CBASP conceptualizes the chronically depressed patient as having interpersonal difficulties that are likely to emerge in the therapeutic relationship. These difficulties are anticipated through “transference hypotheses” formulated early in treatment and instructions regarding the constructive resolution of therapeutic impasses are an integral part of treatment.
Linear theory of yokeless permanent magnets

Abstract This paper analyzes the properties of geometry and magnetization of two-dimensional yokeless permanent magnets designed to generate a uniform field.
Food of Flesh-footed shearwaters Puffinus carneipes associated with high-seas driftnets in the central North Pacific Ocean

We examined digestive tract contents and stable nitrogen isotope ratios in breast muscles of Flesh-footed ShearwatersPuffinus carneipesassociated with high-seas driftnet fisheries in the central North Pacific Ocean. Small fish, Lanternfish (Myctophidae) and Pacific Saury Cololabis saira, were the principal prey found in the digestive tracts. Pieces of unidentified fish, possibly Pacific Pomfret Brama japonica, and shredded squid tissue, mostly Neon Flying Squid Ommastrephes bartrami, in the digestive tracts indicate scavenging at driftnet fishing operations. Although soft-bodied animals such as Velella sp. were rare in the digestive tracts, low stable nitrogen isotope values (δ15 N) suggest Flesh-footed Shearwaters feed heavily on such low trophic level animals.
Venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia: hemodynamics, blood flow, and thermal gradients

Abstract Background . Thermal events during extracorporeal venovenous perfusion-induced systemic hyperthermia (VV-PISH) were studied and related to determination of whole-body and regional thermal isoeffect doses. Methods . Swine ( n =6, 77 ± 4.5 kg) were heated to a target temperature of 43°C for 120 minutes using VV-PISH. Colored microspheres were injected during preheat, heat induction, maintenance, cool down, and after decannulation. The esophageal, tympanic, rectal, pulmonary artery, bladder, bone marrow, kidney, brain, blood, lung, and airway temperatures were recorded continuously. The thermal dose, thermal exchange, metabolic heat production, heat loss to the environment, the change in body heat, and the thermal isoeffect dose were studied at 15-minute intervals. Results . VV-PISH increased heart rate and cardiac output and caused a redistribution of blood flow favoring the thoracoabdominal organs. Greatest thermal exchange occurred during the heating phase (total 2,162 ± 143 kJ), metabolic heat production contributed in all phases (274 ± 9 kJ), the greatest change in body heat occurred during heating (1,310 ± 309 kJ) with a total delivered thermal dose of 298 ± 21 kJ, and the total whole body thermal isoeffect dose at 100 ± 5 minutes. Conclusions . VV-PISH is feasible, is capable of transferring sufficient heat, causes a redistribution of blood flow favoring the thoracoabdominal organs, and facilitates calculation of whole-body and regional thermal isoeffect doses.
Eliminating Reference Loop Phase Shift in Adaptive Arrays

Adaptive array processors utilizing the Widrow LMS algroithm with an internally generated reference signal have been shown to be subject to weight cycling caused by phase shift in the reference extracting loop. Adaptive compensation schemes that eliminate the reference loop phase shift are suggested here. Two such schemes are proposed. They differ in the amount of hardware complexity needed as well as in the rate at which each one eliminates the phase shift. Computer calculations are used to compare the rates of convergence of the two schemes.
Effect of simply recording colonoscopy withdrawal time on polyp and adenoma detection rates

Background According to national recommendations, colonoscopy withdrawal time (WT) on negative screening examinations should average more than 6 minutes because this time is associated with a higher rate of polyp detection. Attempts have been made to increase the WT; however, simply knowing that a quality measure, such as the WT, is being monitored, by itself, may improve the quality of an examination. Objective To measure changes in the polyp detection rate associated with recording the WT. Design Retrospective. Setting Single tertiary care center. Patients Patients undergoing colonoscopy within 5 months immediately before (group A) and after (group B) initiation of WT recording. Colonoscopies were excluded if procedure times were incomplete, missing, or nonsensical. Main Outcome Measurements Polyp detection, compared by using the χ2 test and logistic regression multivariate analyses; pathology manually reviewed from a sample of 200 consecutive polyp cases (100 per group). Results The average WT in group B was 14.5 minutes (11.0 minutes in negative screening examinations). In group A, polyps were detected in 530 (37.7%) of 1405 colonoscopies compared with 571 (41.2%) of 1387 colonoscopies in group B (difference 3.5%; 95% CI, −0.2% to 7.1%), a nonsignificant 9.3% relative increase. Longer procedure time, age, sex, and indication were significant predictors; monitoring the WT was not. Nonsignificantly, more polyp examinations in group B found all nonadenomas compared with group A (36% vs 27%; P = .17), and polyps were nonsignificantly smaller (P = .30). Limitations Retrospective database data, pathology performed only on a subsample. Conclusion WT recording was associated with a nonsignificant increase in polyp detection, but this was likely attributable to a slight increase in the detection of (smaller) nonadenomatous polyps.
Security Analysis Matters Where Alcohol Is Commercially Sold: Expert Opinions and the Relevance of Security Practices in the Alcohol Service Industry

This article considers the role of security analysis mainly in civil litigations involving the sale, service, or provision of alcoholic beverages in commercial venues, eg bars, dance halls, gentlemen's clubs, and similar places. Security experts may be retained to evaluate facts and evidence when it is alleged that unlawful service of alcohol resulted in intoxication and a subsequent death or injury from a criminal attack or automobile accident. This article summarizes approaches taken by security experts for litigation which undertakes investigation of how a customer was permitted to reach or exceed the legal level of intoxication (ie 0.08–0.10 grams/deciliter (g/dl) depending on the jurisdiction). It also discusses areas of weak or non-existent security practices which give rise to a plaintiff's allegations of negligent conduct in selling or serving alcohol, suggesting that aggressive and consistent implementation of key prevention strategies may reduce exposure to litigation.
A reduced chemical kinetic model for HCCI combustion of primary reference fuels in a rapid compression machine

A model for the Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) of Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs) in a Rapid Compression Machine (RCM) has been developed. A reduced chemical kinetic model that included 32 species and 55 reactions was used and the affect of wall heat transfer on the temperature of the adiabatic core gas was taken into account by adding the displacement volume of the laminar boundary layer to the cylinder volume. A simple interaction between n-heptane and iso-octane was also included. The results showed the well-known two-stage ignition characteristics of heavy hydrocarbons, which involve low and high temperature cycles followed by a branched chain explosion. The first stage energy release decreases and the ignition delay increases nonlinearly with increasing octane number and decreasing the initial pressure. The energy release rate and total energy released were determined primarily by the rate of CO oxidation during the explosive phase following the ignition delay. The model reproduced the pressure curves obtained in the RCM experiments over a wide range of conditions remarkably well and was very sensitive to the fuel structure, the mixture composition and the initial temperature and pressure. Thus, the model can be easily adapted for predicting “knock” in spark-ignition engines and ignition-delays and burning rates in HCCI engines.
The Users’ Guide to the Musculoskeletal Examination: Fundamentals for the Evidence-Based Clinician

Flynn TW, Cleland JA, Whitman JM, eds. Louisville, KY 40223, Evidence in Motion, 2008, spiralbound (with CD-ROM), 316 pp, illus, ISBN: 978-0-9714792-3-4, $69.95. This textbook and CD-ROM cover the musculoskeletal evaluation process for the spine and extremities. The editors are well-known for their expertise in the application of evidence-based practice to musculoskeletal medicine. In this text, they have linked the evidence to the physical examination. This text is designed for any clinician who treats patients with musculoskeletal complaints. The book is spiralbound and would easily fit in a lab coat for quick reference. The first section of this text is dedicated to explaining reliability, diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios. The explanations are very concise and accurate. Clinical examples are given to assist the reader in understanding these terms and how they are applied. Nine self-report measures are discussed. Examples of forms for these self-report measures are found on the accompanying CD-ROM. These forms include a …
Prepubertal and early adolescent bipolarity differentiate from ADHD by manic symptoms, grandiose delusions, ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling

Abstract Background : In contrast to differential diagnosis (ddx) of older adolescent and adult bipolarity (BP), which includes schizophrenia and substance use disorders, the main ddx of prepubertal and early adolescent BP is attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD). To address this ddx issue, and to provide prepubertal mania manifestations, interim baseline data are presented from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)-funded study `Phenomenology and Course of Pediatric Bipolarity'. Methods : Data are from the first 60 BP and the first 60 ADHD cases from 270 consecutively ascertained subjects (90 BP, 90 ADHD and 90 community controls). Comprehensive assessments included the Washington University at St. Louis Kiddie and Young Adult-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia — Lifetime and Present Episode Version-DSM-IV (WASH-U-KSADS) blindly administered by nurses to mothers about their offspring and to children/adolescents about themselves. Caseness was established by consensus conferences that included diagnostic and impairment data, teacher and school reports, agency records, videotapes and medical charts. Results : Mean baseline age of BP cases was 11.0±2.7 years and the mean age at onset of BP was 8.1±3.5 years. Elated mood, grandiosity, hypersexuality, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts and all other mania items except hyperenergetic and distractibility were significantly and substantially more frequent among BP than ADHD cases (e.g., elation: 86.7% BP vs. 5.0% ADHD; grandiosity: 85.0% BP vs. 6.7% ADHD). In the BP group, 55.0% had grandiose delusions, 26.7% had suicidality with plan/intent and 83.3% were rapid, ultra-rapid or ultradian cyclers. Limitations : Sites for consecutive case ascertainment from the lowest socioeconomic status classes were unavailable due to current health care policies. Clinical relevance : Prepubertal and early adolescent BP cases differentiate from ADHD by mania-specific criteria and commonly present with ultra-rapid or ultradian cycling.
Diastolic Dysfunction: Potential New Diagnostics and Therapies

Despite the growing number of patients affected, the understanding of diastolic dysfunction and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is still poor. Clinical trials, largely based on successful treatments for systolic heart failure, have been disappointing, suggesting that HFpEF has a different pathology to that of systolic dysfunction. In this review, general concepts, epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diastolic dysfunction are summarized, with an emphasis on new experiments suggesting that oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of at least some forms of the disease. This observation has lead to potential new diagnostics and therapeutics for diastolic dysfunction and heart failure caused by diastolic dysfunction.
Voltage balancing of islanded microgrids using a time-domain technique

Abstract In this paper, voltage balancing and frequency control of converter-fed, islanded microgrids, using a novel time-domain technique which has not been applied for such applications is discussed in detail. In particular, the connection of single-phase loads to the islanded microgrid causes voltage unbalance and this is eliminated by supplying the negative-sequence component of the voltage from the converter. The negative sequence components of the voltage and current are extracted using the aforementioned time-domain technique. The simulations are carried out in RSCAD™ and experimental results are provided to validate the concept.
A new technique for the enzymic detection of hydrogen peroxide

Semiquantitative spot test detection of peroxide in low concentrations of hydrogen peroxide
Selected Annotated Bibliography of Books on Diversity Within and Among Organizations

A list of books relating to the subject of industrial management is presented, including “Asian Management Systems: Chinese, Japanese and Korean Styles of Business,” by M. Chen, “Building Successful Multicultural Organizations: Challenges and Opportunities,” by M. G. Fine, and “Competitive Advantages Through Diversity: Organizational Learning from Difference,” by P. Herriot and C. Pemberton.
A disaggregate zero-one goal programming model for the flexible staff scheduling problem

Abstract This paper proposes an interactive zero-one pre-emptive goal programming model for real-world workforce scheduling procedures. To be useful in practice, the proposed model takes into account the disaggregate and non-cyclical nature of staff scheduling decisions, which has been largely ignored in the existing literature. Hence, the model is partitioned into a number of smaller submodels based on three phases and then formulated for solving each separate and disaggregate level workforce scheduling problem. In addition, to make the model computationally tractable for large-scale workforce scheduling problems, we propose and describe two efficient, and easy-to-use heuristics which even non-technical schedulers can implement. Finally, to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed model and its solution schemes, we present and discuss the application of the model to a real-world library staff scheduling decision.
Analytic renormalization using many space-time dimensions

A renormalization method originally proposed by Ashmore is reformulated and shown to be, in fact, a renormalization. The method involves use of different complex dimensions associated with various subgraphs of a graph, and appears to combine the best features of complex dimensional and analytic renormalization.
Prediction of hypervelocity orbital debris impact damage to the space station by neural networks

Prediction of damage to orbiting space craft due to collisions with hypervelocity space debris is an important issue in the design of Space Station Freedom. Space station wall structures are designed to absorb impact energy during a collision. A proposed wall structure consists of a multilayer insulation (MLI) directly covering the pressure wall, and a bumper layer placed 100mm from the pressure wall. In experiments at The Marshall Space Flight Center, 2.5-12.7 mm projectiles have been fired at this wall structure at speeds of 2-8 km/s. In this paper, three-layer backpropagation networks are trained with two sets of impact damage data. The input parameters for training are pressure wall thickness, bumper plate thickness, projectile diameter, impact angle, and the projectile velocity. Output from the network consists of hole dimensions for the bumper and the pressure wall in the minor and major axis directions, and damage to the MLI. To evaluate network generalization, networks are tested with experimental data points that are not used for training. Network performance is compared with that of other damage prediction methods. Network determination of qualitative damage estimation is suggested as a new direction for research. Preliminary testing of qualitative prediction of pressure wall damage is presented. The results are promising, and suggest several areas for further study.
TREAT Fast-Neutron Hodoscope: Improvements in Time and Mass Resolution of Fuel Motion

The fast-neutron hodoscope at the Transient Reactor Test Facility detects fuel motion in thick opaque capsules during in-core destructive transient tests. Counts from several hundred detectors, each with rates up to a megahertz, are collected at intervals as short as a millisecond for up to tens of seconds. The large amount of data must be decoded, normalized, represented in suitable forms, and analyzed. A computer-controlled magnetic disk data acquisition system has been installed which provides shorter data collection intervals, simplifies decoding, and permits immediate data analysis. Data normalizations and representations have been developed which significantly increase the dynamic range, yield sensitive quantitative indications of fuel mass motion, and render the data intuitively comprehensible. The improved hodoscope system performance level is demonstrated by results from a recent transient test, Pinex-2, which show the quantitative evolution of fuel mass motion from 1515 MW peak reactor power through a 1 MW post-scram radiation level.
STRUCTURE AND STABILITY OF LANTHANUM-CARBON CATIONS

A theoretical study has been carried out to determine the stability of various isomers of the lanthanum−carbon clusters LaCx+. Included in this study are linear isomers and several classes of cyclic and graphitic structures. Geometries and energies of the proposed structures are calculated using the B3LYP density functional method. Cyclic isomers are clearly established as more stable than linear isomers over a wide range of cluster sizes. The results reveal that two classes of cyclic isomers, which we denote “open rings” and “closed rings”, have a pattern of relative thermodynamic stability that correlates to the pattern of cluster intensities in the ion mobility observations of the LaCx+ clustering process. The competitive factors that provide stability to lanthanum−carbon clusters are elucidated, such as ring strain and variations in the lanthanum bonding environment. Graphitic LaCx+ with 18 or 20 carbon atoms are shown to be more stable than their cyclic counterparts, and B3LYP is shown to underestima...
Experimental study of turbulent flow in the near wakes of single and tandem prisms

An experimental study was performed for the flow of air normal to a prism of square cross section (side dimension D and length H) spanning a duct of square cross section (side dimension H). Two prism arrangements were investigated corresponding to : (1) the prism of side D on its own, at different distances α (= a/H) from the bottom duct wall ; and, (2) the prism of side D with a second, smaller prism of side δ (= d/D) placed upstream, parallel to and in line with it. In both arrangements, the top and bottom surfaces of the prisms were aligned parallel to the top and bottom walls of the duct. In the second arrangement, the longitudinal axes of the prisms were always contained in the horizontal symmetry plane of the duct (α = 0.50) and the center-to-center interprism distance λ (= L/D) was varied. Laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) was used to measure the mean and rms streamwise velocity components at various streamwise locations along traverses contained in the vertical symmetry plane of the duct normal to the axes of the prisms. These data were obtained for a value of the Reynolds number Re D = 1.0 x 10 4 (Re D = U j D/v, where U i is the average velocity of the air at the duct inlet, and v its kinematic viscosity). Lift and drag coefficients, as well as the Strouhal number (St D = fD/U i , where f is the vortex-shedding frequency in Hz), were also determined for the prism of side D for values of the Reynolds number equal to 1.0 x l0 4 , 2.0 x 10 4 and 2.75 x 10 4 . The measurements of the above quantities reveal a significant dependence of the flow on all the parameters investigated, with large differences arising between the single and tandem prism arrangements. For the tandem arrangements with δ <1.0, the downstream prism experiences a decrease in drag and an increase in vortex-shedding frequency (relative to the single-prism case) that varies with λ. For the single-prism arrangement, decreasing the wall distance α to values α <0.20 significantly decreases the drag coefficient while increasing the lift coefficient and the Strouhal number. In addition to their intrinsic value, the measurements provide modest but challenging targets for testing numerical calculations of single and interacting near-wake turbulent flows.
Mass Spectral Condition for Leptons and Quarks

Consideration is given to the mass spectral conditiona(a,m)a†=am, wherea is the annihilation operator forQ=−1 states in the Hilbert space of leptons and quarks andam is the commutator resolvent ofa with respect tom. It is observed that this spectral condition, which simply requires a to be a congruent automorph ofam, implies that the third-, fourth-, and fifth-generationQ=♪-1 leptons have the masses 1788.03 MeV, 42.1649 GeV, and 1.33422 TeV, respectively. With the assumption that the mass spectral condition also holds forQ=0 states in the Hilbert space, one obtains new theoretical upper and lower bounds on the neutrino masses.
Biochemical and immunological evidence that the 11 kDa zinc-binding protein of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is a structural component of the virus

Abstract The completed sequence of the arenavirus, lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus, revealed a new gene encoding a small protein with a single zinc-binding domain. The cDNA for this gene has been expressed in E. coli to produce fusion protein that has been used to raise antisera. The antisera facilitated the positive identification of the p11 ‘Z’ gene product as a structural component of the virion. A related arenavirus, Tacaribe, has a comparable p11 gene product. The abundance of the p11 Z protein relative to other virion components has been determined by metabolic labeling. Triton X-114 extraction and dimethyl suberimidate-HCl crosslinking indicate that the p11 Z protein is a hydrophobic protein associated with the nucleocapsid of the virion core.
Artificial optical guidestars: prospects for extremely large telescopes

This paper discusses the concept of employing artificial guide stars to correct atmospheric turbulence induced wavefront distortion for Extremely Large Telescopes (ELTs) conducting science observations at near IR and visible wavelengths. A set of generic laser guide star requirements for ELTs is established with the caveat that a community wide consensus on laser parameters would benefit the advancement of laser technology. Currently available laser guide star systems are examined in light of the requirements and their limitations referenced to the requirements are discussed. A short summary is provided of current research and development efforts to advance laser performance. Finally, a new concept is presented for generating very bright optical guidestars using high power microwaves to create, sustain, and move about the sky a high altitude, compact plasma.
Visualization of quasi-periodic unsteady flows

A self-synchronizing schlieren flow visualization technique has been developed to study unsteady periodic flows which may result from aeroelastic effects. The technique allows the experimentalist to stroboscopically 'freeze' the streak line pattern at any phase in one period of the motion by driving the schlieren light source with an electronically processed synchronizing signal that is derived by measuring a periodic flow variable with a convenient sensor. Results for the visualization of the near-wake behind an oscillating airfoil at low speeds which show an ordered series of discrete vortices and a curious short-wave-length wake disturbance are examined. Results are also presented for edge tone sound generation.
Violence against pregnant women. These two screening tools may prove valuable in identifying women at risk.

Approximately 4.4 million adult American women are abused by their spouse or intimate partner each year. In the U.S., intimate partner violence is the leading cause of serious injury to women and accounts for more than half of all female homicides. Despite official recommendations for routine screening for abuse in pregnant women, clinical and research studies report that abuse screening is not routine. Here's a look at two screening tools that may help curb the incidence of violence in pregnancy.
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) for the detection of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens on viable cells

Abstract A rapid and inexpensive ELISA method is described which is suitable for the large scale screening of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens. The use of acrylic plates and viable cells eliminates background and false positive reactions, and avoids modification of surface antigens caused by fixation. This facilitates easy and rapid detection of positives by visual inspection of the plates. The specificity and sensitivity of the method is comparable to indirect immunofluorescence or radioimmunoassay. The advantages of this ELISA system when compared to these methods and to previously described ELISA systems utilizing fixed cells are discussed.
Purification and Identification of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor from Human Serum

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a 27-kDa noncovalently linked homodimer with subunits of approximately 13.5 kDa as viewed by SDS-PAGE, is thought to be primarily produced in the central nervous system. We report here the isolation of BDNF from pooled normal human sera, using a two-step purification process followed by SDS-PAGE, transfer to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and subsequent identification of the protein by sequence analysis of the appropriate band(s) from the membrane. The level of BDNF in pooled human sera was estimated to be approximately 15 ng/ml as determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay. The average for six individuals was 18.9 +/- 5.7 ng/ml. There is an approximately 200-fold increase in the levels of BDNF in serum relative to plasma. Results from experiments using differential centrifugation suggest that the source of this increase is due to release from platelets. The presence of high levels of BDNF in serum suggests a role for this neurotrophin either in nerve repair at sites of injured tissue or in nonneuronal functions.