cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mock finitely generated Gorenstein injective modules and isolated singularities

Abstract In this paper, we study mock finitely generated modules and Gorenstein injective modules which are a generalization of finitely generated modules and injective modules respectively. We also discuss invariants for minimal injective resolvents which are analogous to Bass' invariants for minimal injective resolutions. We use these invariants to characterize Gorenstein isolated singularities in terms of mock finitely generated Gorenstein injective modules.
Doped vs. undoped Si1−x−yGexCy layers in sub-100 nm vertical p-channel MOSFETs

Abstract By introducing Si 1− x − y Ge x C y layers in vertical p-channel MOSFETs, boron diffusion from the source/drain regions into the channel region has been suppressed to enable sub-100 nm scaling. The trade-off of doped and undoped Si 1− x − y Ge x C y layers has been studied. Due to detrimental effects from oxide grown on Si 1− x − y Ge x C y layers, doped Si 1− x − y Ge x C y diffusion barriers are preferable, and have allowed vertical p-channel MOSFETs with channel lengths down to 25 nm to be demonstrated. No excess leakage current due to the Si 1− x − y Ge x C y layers is observed.
NICHE solutions—third in a series: Focus on medication

Medication success stories from NICHE hospitals are detailed in this third entry in the NICHE Solutions article series. The initiatives described in these stories are based on the successful application of best practice solutions related to NICHE Clinical Improvement Models and other NICHE resources. Solutions stories are published in both printed format and on the NICHE website. Originally developed by Marie Boltz, PhD, RN, GNP-BC, associate director for research, NICHE, in collaboration with NICHE hospitals, the series covers a wide range of clinical and organizational topics. In addition to the Medication section, the Solutions library contains these other geriatrics-related categories: Delirium/ Dementia, Catheters, Emergency Department, Environment, Function & Falls, Geriatric Patient Care Associates, Integrated System Implementation, Nutrition/Elimination, and Patient/Family Education. New Solutions stories and categories are continually being added. 1. Medication
Comparative toxicity and carcinogenicity of soluble and insoluble cobalt compounds

Occupational exposure to cobalt is of widespread concern due to its use in a variety of industrial processes and the occurrence of occupational disease. Due to the lack of toxicity and carcinogenicity data following exposure to cobalt, and questions regarding bioavailability following exposure to different forms of cobalt, the NTP conducted two chronic inhalation exposure studies in rats and mice, one on soluble cobalt sulfate heptahydrate, and a more recent study on insoluble cobalt metal. Herein, we compare and contrast the toxicity profiles following whole-body inhalation exposures to these two forms of cobalt. In general, both forms were genotoxic in the Salmonella T98 strain in the absence of effects on micronuclei. The major sites of toxicity and carcinogenicity in both chronic inhalation studies were the respiratory tract in rats and mice, and the adrenal gland in rats. In addition, there were distinct sites of toxicity and carcinogenicity noted following exposure to cobalt metal. In rats, carcinogenicity was observed in the blood, and pancreas, and toxicity was observed in the testes of rats and mice. Taken together, these findings suggest that both forms of cobalt, soluble and insoluble, appear to be multi-site rodent carcinogens following inhalation exposure.
Relation of tumor content of estrogen and progesteron receptors with response of patient to endocrine therapy

The levels of estrogen (E2R) and progesterone (PgR) receptors in 165 breast tumor biopsies have been determined. Seventy-seven percent of the specimens contained significant levels of E2R; 38.2% were positive for both receptors. Only four tumors displayed the unusual E2R=/PgR+ pattern. Tumors from pre- and postmenopausal patients had similar receptor characteristics. Two-thirds of the six patients with E2R+PgR+ tumors responded to hormonal therapy, whereas only 28.7% of the E2R+/PgR- tumors regressed after similar treatment. These data from a limited number of patients indicate that the presence of E2R and PgR in breast tumor biopsies is of higher prognostic value for response of the patient than in the presence of E2R alone.
Mechanism Whereby Platelets Support the Endothelium

Thrombocytopenic guinea pigs (platelet count reduced by total body irradiation) were transfused with tritium-tagged diisopropylfluorophosphonate-labeled donor platelets. Electron autoradiographs were prepared of tissue taken at various intervals following the transfusion. Some label was found in the endothelial cells three minutes after completion of the transfusion and many platelets were observed interacting with the endothelial membrane. Thirty minutes later much label was found localized only in the endothelial cells with few platelets interacting with the endothelial membrane. The mechanism whereby platelets nourish the endothelial cells by interacting with them is initiated as soon as donor platelets contact deprived endothelium. Transfusion of platelet-poor plasma containing ten times the amount of label in the platelet concentrates resulted in 87 per cent of the label remaining in the plasma and red blood cells with no localization in the endothelium.
X-NO2 rotational energy barriers : local density functional calculations

The X–NO2 rotational energy barriers of nitromethane, nitroethylene, nitrobenzene, and a group of nitramines have been computed using a local density functional (LDF) procedure, using ab initio Hartree–Fock (HF)-optimized structures of the ground and rotational transition states. The results have been discussed in relation to HF and some correlated ab initio values and the available experimental data. Our LDF barriers are overall quite reasonable, in generally satisfactory agreement with the experimental and correlated ab initio results. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Long-term psychosocial adjustment of older vs younger survivors of breast and endometrial cancer.

Background: The study's objective was to test whether there were signfiicant differences in adjustment between younger and older breast and endometrial cancer survivors. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-two breast and endometrial cancer survivors participated in this study, ranging in age from either 18 to 55 years old or 65 years old or older. Survivors were interviewed by telephone at study entry and 12 months, using a battery of measures to assess their adjustment, physical functioning, and treatment-related physical problems. Results: With an average of 3.7 years since treatment completion, almost all survivors reported good adjustment to having had cancer. While most differences in psychosocial adjustment between groups were small, younger survivors reported significantly worse adaptation than older survivors, as measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS, p<0.0001), Appearance-Orientation Scale (AOS, body image; p=0.02), Fear of Recurrence (p<0.0001), Distress about Long-term Treatment-Related Cancer Problems (p=0.01), and Number of Sexual Problems Attributed to Cancer (p<0.0001). Conclusion: Survivors reported few cancer-related problems with only a small subset reporting problems in adjustment. Although differences were small, younger cancer survivors reported significantly worse adaptation than older survivors. Much of the adaptation to having had cancer may have already occurred in long-term survivors. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Precision Quantum Efficiency Measurements on 1.7 Micron Near Infrared Devices

High detector quantum efficiency (QE) can greatly improve speed and performance of wide field instruments that strive for fast precision photometry. SNAP, a proposed satellite mission dedicated to exploring the nature of the dark energy will employ a very large focal plane instrumented with about equal number of CCD and NIR sensors totaling more than 600 million pixels covering roughly 0.7 square degrees on the sky. To precisely characterize the NIR detector QE, the SNAP project has put in place a test set-up capable of measuring absolute QE at the 5% level with the goal of ultimately reaching a precision better than 2%. Illumination of the NIR detectors is provided by either a quartz tungsten halogen lamp combined with a set of narrow band filters or a manually tunable monochromator. The two light sources feed an integrating sphere at a distance of roughly 60 cm from the detector to be tested and a calibrated InGaAs photodiode, mounted adjacent to the NIR detector provides absolute photon flux measurements. This paper describes instrumentation, performance and measurement procedures and summarizes results of detailed characterization of the QE on several SNAP devices as a function of wavelength.
Oiled Versus Unoiled Eggs for Short Storage Periods 1. The Effect of Time and Method of Oiling

Abstract THE MERITS of oiling eggs to preserve interior quality are well known. Although oil sealing is effective, it may also produce certain undesirable side-effects if applied to the shell too soon after laying. Numerous workers have reported an abnormal increase in outer thin albumen and turbidity of thick white when eggs were oil-dipped (Sharp, 1929Sharp, 1937; Almquist and Lorenz, 1932; and Wilhelm, 1940). In an effort to reduce the undesirable side-effects, Evans and Carver (1942) oil-dipped eggs at various times after laying. Unoiled eggs stored at 64° to 70°F. had the least cloudy albumen, whereas eggs oiled at the time of laying had the most cloudy albumen. Percent outer thin albumen followed similar trends. On the other hand, eggs held at 32°F. for 3 months were excessively cloudy even after waiting two days before oiling. Eggs were less cloudy if they were oiled three days after production. Unfortunately, egg quality …
Clinically Significant Adverse Events from a Drug Interaction Between Quetiapine and Atazanavir‐Ritonavir in Two Patients

Clinicians caring for patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and diagnosed with psychiatric comorbidities must be aware of potential drug-drug interactions, particularly with protease inhibitor-based antiretroviral therapy. Although possible interactions can be predicted based on a drug's pharmacokinetic parameters, the clinical significance is often unknown. We describe two patients who experienced serious quetiapine adverse effects potentially mediated through an interaction with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir. The first patient was a 57-year-old man with HIV and bipolar disease who developed rapid and severe weight gain when quetiapine was added to a stable atazanavir-ritonavir-based antiretroviral regimen. After the patient discontinued both quetiapine and ritonavir, his weight returned to its baseline value. The second patient was a 32-year-old woman with HIV, anxiety disorder, and a history of intravenous drug abuse who developed increased sedation and mental confusion when an atazanavir-ritonavir-based antiretroviral regimen was added to her stable antianxiety drug regimen, which included quetiapine. Her symptoms resolved promptly after discontinuation of the quetiapine. Use of the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated that the adverse effects experienced by the two patients were possibly related and probably related, respectively, to an interaction between quetiapine and atazanavir-ritonavir. Quetiapine is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4, and ritonavir is a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4. Thus, it is reasonable to theorize that quetiapine concentrations will increase when these drugs are used concurrently, which would be the likely cause of the toxicities in these two patients. To our knowledge, these are the first published reports of a clinically significant interaction between atazanavir-ritonavir and quetiapine. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for this interaction, and extreme caution should be used when prescribing quetiapine and other atypical antipsychotic agents in HIV-positive patients who are receiving antiretroviral therapy.
Is elective neck treatment indicated for T2N9 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx

Abstract This is an analysis of 98 patients with T 2 N 0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx treated with radiation therapy. Patients received irradiation to the primary lesion alone; the neck was not treated electively. All patients had at least 2 years of follow-up; patients who died within 2 years from treatment with the neck continuously disease-free were excluded from the analysis. The rate of control of neck disease following irradiation was as follows: primary site continuously disease-free, 73/75 (97 %); primary tumor recurrence, 18/23 (78%). Salvage treatment was successful in 4 of 7 patients who developed recurrent disease in the neck. We conclude that elective treatment to the clinically negative neck is not indicated for patients with T 2 N 0 squamous cell carcinoma of the glottic larynx. However, patients who develop a local recurrence following irradiation have a substantial risk of harboring disease in the neck and should undergo a neck dissection in conjunction with the surgical procedure selected to resect the recurrent disease at the primary site.
Daoy medulloblastoma cells that express CD133 are radioresistant relative to CD133-cells, and the CD133+ sector is enlarged by hypoxia

Purpose: Primary medulloblastoma and glioblastoma multiforme tumor cells that express the surface marker CD133 are believed to be enriched for brain tumor stem cells because of their unique ability to initiate or reconstitute tumors in immunodeficient mice. This study sought to characterize the radiobiological properties and marker expression changes of CD133+ vs. CD133− cells of an established medulloblastoma cell line. Methods and Materials: Daoy and D283 Med cell lines were stained with fluorescently labeled anti-CD133 antibody and sorted into CD133+ and CD133− populations. The effect of oxygen (2% vs. 20%) on CD133 expression was measured. Both populations were analyzed for marker stability, cell cycle distribution, and radiosensitivity. Results: CD133+ Daoy cells restored nearly native CD133+ and CD133− populations within 18 days, whereas CD133− cells remained overwhelmingly CD133−. Culturing Daoy cells in 2% oxygen rather than the standard 20% oxygen increased their CD133 expression 1.6-fold. CD133+ Daoy cells were radioresistant via the β-parameter of the linear-quadratic model relative to CD133− Daoy cells, although their α-parameters and cell cycle distributions were identical. Conclusions: Restoration of the original CD133+ and CD133− populations from CD133+ Daoy cells in serum is further evidence that CD133+ cells are functionally distinct from CD133− cells. The radioresistance of CD133+ compared with CD133− Daoy cells is consistent with better repair of sublethal damage. Enlargement of the CD133+ sector is a new feature of the hypoxic response.
Low serum testosterone level as a predictor of increased visceral fat in Japanese-American men

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between baseline testosterone levels and changes in visceral adiposity in Japanese-American men. DESIGN: Prospective observational study. SUBJECTS: Second-generation Japanese-American males enrolled in a community-based population study. MEASUREMENTS: At baseline, 110 men received a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and an assessment of body mass index (BMI); visceral adiposity measured as intra-abdominal fat area (IAF) using computed tomography (CT); fasting insulin and C-peptide levels; and total testosterone levels. IAF was re-measured after 7.5 y. Subcutaneous fat areas were also measured by CT in the abdomen, thorax and thigh. The total fat (TF) was calculated as the sum of IAF and total subcutanous fat areas (SCF). RESULTS: After 7.5 y, IAF increased by a mean of 8.0 cm2 (95% CI: 0.8, 15.3). Baseline total testosterone was significantly correlated with change in IAF (r=−0.26, P=0.006), but not to any appreciable degree with change in BMI, TF, or SCF. In a linear regression model with change in IAF as the dependent variable, baseline testosterone was significantly related to this outcome while adjusting for baseline IAF, SCF, BMI, age, diabetes mellitus status (OGTT by the WHO diagnostic criteria) and fasting C-peptide (regression coefficient for baseline testosterone [nmol/l]=−107.13, P=0.003). CONCLUSIONS: In this Japanese-American male cohort, lower baseline total testosterone independently predicts an increase in IAF. This would suggest that by predisposing to an increase in visceral adiposity, low levels of testosterone may increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Variations in membrane sensitivity of brain region synaptosomes to the effects of ethanol in vitro and chronic in vivo treatment.

: : The effects of chronic ethanol treatment on the membrane order of synaptosomes from the cerebral cortex, striatum, cerebellum, brainstem, and hippocampus of rats were determined by measuring the fluorescence polarization of diphenylhexatriene (DPH) that had been incorporated into the synaptosomal membranes. Fischer-344 rats either were fed a nutritionally complete ethanol-containing liquid diet for 5 months or pair-fed with a diet that contained sucrose substituted isocalorically for ethanol. Polarization values for synaptosomes from all the brain regions studied were similar except for those from cerebral cortical synaptosomal membranes, which were significantly less ordered. Ethanol in vitro (30–500 mM) decreased the polarization values in synaptosomes from sucrose-control rats for all brain regions, although the sensitivity of cerebellar synaptosomes to the membrane disordering effects of ethanol in vitro was significantly greater than that of synaptosomes from other brain regions. Chronic ethanol treatment did not alter baseline polarization for any brain region. Cerebellar and brainstem synaptosomes from the ethanol-fed rats were significantly less susceptible to the membrane disordering effects of ethanol in vitro compared to their sucrose controls, suggesting that chronic ethanol administration results in tolerance to ethanol's membrane effects. Striatal synaptosomes exhibited intermediate tolerance, whereas the sensitivities of cortical and hippocampal synaptosomes to membrane disordering by ethanol in vitro were not significantly affected by the chronic ethanol treatment. These results suggest that synaptosomal membranes have different membrane order requirements depending on the brain region from which they are prepared. Variations in brain regional neuronal membrane sensitivity to ethanol and differential tolerance development may contribute to some of the acute and chronic behavioral effects of ethanol.
Comparison of Parietal and Frontal Lobe Spatial Deficits in Man: Extrapersonal vs Personal (Egocentric) Space

Patients with left-frontal, right-parietal, and right or left temporal-lobe damage were tested on two spatial tasks that involved either personal or extrapersonal spatial rotations. The results indicated a lesion-space dichotomy: the left-frontal patients were the most impaired group on the personal spatial task while the right-parietals were the most impaired on the extrapersonal spatial test. The temporal-lobe patients had little, if any, difficulty with either task. These data support the hypothesis that the frontal and parietal regions mediate qualitatively different spatial capacities.
Design and evaluation of a DRAM-based shared memory ATM switch

Beluga is a single-chip switch architecture specifically targeted at local area ATM networks, and it features three architectural innovations. First, an interconnection hierarchy composed of multiple switching fabrics is built into the chip to provide both low-latency cell transfer when the traffic is light and low cell drop rate under heavy load. Secondly, to improve silicon efficiency, Beluga is based on shared memory architecture, and the buffers are implemented using DRAM rather than SRAM technology. Heavy interleaving and selective invalidation are used to address long latency and periodic refreshing problems, respectively. Thirdly, Beluga supports multicast with minimal physical bit replication. It also separates support for unicast and multicast cells to optimize for the common case, where multicast cells occur infrequently. This paper describes the design details of Beluga and the results of a comprehensive simulation study to quantify the performance impact of each of its architectural features. The most important result from this research is that DRAM-based buffer implementation significantly reduces the cell-drop rate during heavy while exhibiting almost identical cell latency to SRAM-based implementation during light load. Therefore, we believe DRAM makes an attractive alternative for switch buffer implementation, especially for single-chip architecture such as Beluga.
Adsorption of CO on the (110) plane of tungsten; temperature dependence of the sticking coefficient and absolute surface coverages☆

Abstract Absolute coverages and sticking coefficients as functions of both gas and surface temperatures are presented for CO adsorption on the (110) plane of tungsten. For a low temperature layer the CO/W ratio at saturation is 1.1, while that for alpha or beta adsorption is 0.5, indicating some crowding in the low temperature phase at high coverage. Initial sticking coefficients drop with increasing gas or surface temperature but eventually level off at ~ 0.5. Qualitative reasons for this behavior are given.
Preformulation Studies of Spironolactone: Effect of pH, Two Buffer Species, Ionic Strength, and Temperature on Stability

Using a stability-indicating HPLC assay method, the effect of pH, two buffer species (citrate and phosphate), ionic strength, and temperature on the stability of spironolactone in 20% solution of ethyl alcohol in water has been studied. The optimum pH of stability appears to be ~ 4.5. On increasing the buffer concentration, both species hastened the decomposition of spironolactone. The ionic strength did not affect the stability of the drug. The energy of activation has been estimated to be − 78.8 kJ/mol at pH 4.3. The un-ionized spironolactone is subject to general acid–base catalysis. The Kh and K^ values at 40 °C have been estimated to be 1.63 and 2.8 x 105 day− 1, respectively. The HP04− 2 ion had ~ 10 times more catalytic effect than the H2P041 ion. This data will be used to develop a stable oral liquid dosage form of the drug.
Contribution of Ih and GABAB to synaptically induced afterhyperpolarizations in CA1: a brake on the NMDA response.

CA1 pyramidal cells receive two major excitatory inputs: the perforant path (PP) terminates in the most distal dendrites, whereas the Schaffer collaterals (SC) terminate more proximally. We have ex...
An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of volatile tin compounds

Abstract Core-level X-ray photoelectron spectra of fifteen compounds of tin have been measured in the gas phase. The compounds include various organo and halo compounds as well as tin(IV) nitrate and Sn{N[Si(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 } 2 . The tin binding energies span a range of 4.4 eV and are well correlated by the “transition-state” point-charge potential model equation using atomic charges calculated by the CHELEQ electro-negativity equalization method. As expected, the empirically determined parameter k for tin is smaller than the k values obtained in previous work for carbon, silicon, and germanium. For Sn(NO 3 ) 4 , and Sn{N[Si(CH 3 ) 3 ] 2 } 2 , the bonding can be described as a weighted average of several resonance structures. In these cases the binding energy data were used in conjunction with the CHELEQ method to determine the resonance structure weightings.
Absence of lower urinary tract symptoms is an independent predictor for cancer at prostate biopsy, but prostate-specific antigen is not: results from a prospective series of 569 patients.

Abstract Purpose Prostate needle biopsy (PNB) is the definitive method for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Our objective was to evaluate prebiopsy parameters, including lower urinary tract symptoms, that may be predictive of positive biopsy. Patients and Methods We performed a prospective review of 569 consecutive men who underwent transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)–guided PNB. The prebiopsy variables recorded included age, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, prostate volume (PV), percent free PSA levels, suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) findings, TRUS-detected lesions, race, and American Urologic Association Symptom Score (AUASS). Results Low AUASS, PV, patient age, and abnormal TRUS findings were independent predictors of positive PNB results (P Conclusion This prospective analysis of 569 men demonstrates that traditional indicators for PNB (abnormal DRE findings and PSA levels) are not significant predictors of prostate cancer. Independent predictors for prostate included age, low AUASS, low PV, and abnormal TRUS findings. A low AUASS (indicative of the absence of benign disease) is an important predictor of prostate cancer.
Detection of radioactive acid mucopolysaccharides on electrophoresis membranes.

Abstract Two methods are described for the detection of radioactivity of S 35 and C 14 on cellulose acetate membranes. The first depents on direct liquid scintillation of the dissolved membrane; it is cumbersome and inaccurate and consumes the sample. In the second, radioactivity is detected by a Nuclear-Chicago Actigraph III strip scanning radiometer using the model 106 thin-layer conveyor. Examples show the usefulness of the second method in the preliminary detection of labeled acid mucopolysaccharides following their electrophoresis on cellulose acetate support membranes. The second method is preferred for its simplicity, automation, rapidity, and accuracy although it requires slightly more isotope for satisfactory results.
Reference count analysis with shallow aliasing

Reference counting is a commonly used technique for resource management. One key correctness criterion in the use of reference counts is that increment and decrement operations must be well-matched. In this paper we consider the problem of statically verifying that a given (sequential) program uses reference counts correctly: that is, that the program performs an equal number of increment and decrement operations on every object. We present a polynomial time algorithm for verifying this property when the program is allowed to have only shallow pointers: that is, the program may contain pointers to reference count objects, but the program does not contain pointers to pointers. We show that the problem is intractable if general (non-shallow) pointers are allowed. Our polynomial time algorithm, for the case of shallow pointers, works by reducing the problem to that of an affine-relation analysis problem.
Electromyographic study of tensor and levator veli palatini muscles in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Implications for eustachian tube dysfunction

Background and Methods. To research the pathophysiology of the Eustachian tube (ET), electromyographies (EMG) of the tensor and levator veli palatini muscles (TVP and LVP) in 46 fresh specimens of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were studied. Results. Sixty-eight percent of the of TVP on the symptomatic side had abnormal EMG. Normal EMG recordings were noted in all TVP on the asymptomatic side. The abnormal TVP EMG observed most often was poor interference pattern or decreased interference with swallowing, and not uncommonly, there were some abnormal motor unit action potentials of serrated or large polyphasic waveforms found on motor unit potential analysis. This is strong evidence of neurogenic abnormality of the TVP caused by the NPC invasion. Despite the large polyphasic or serrated action potentials often being recorded on the symptomatic sides of LVP, the abnormal EMG finding also was found in 12 LVP on the asymptomatic sides. Conclusions. There was no evidence that an ET dysfunction could be caused solely by an abnormal LVP function. This investigation and the study of ET function of these patients demonstrate that functional obstruction induced by the invasion of NPC to the nerve of TVP, rather than mechanical obstruction caused by the tumor mass effect on the ET, gives rise to the ear symptoms and signs of these patients. The authors suggest that the LVP action has little or no role in the function of the ET.
A Purkinje cell protein-2 intronic thyroid hormone response element binds developmentally regulated thyroid hormone receptor-nuclear protein complexes.

Two thyroid hormone response elements (TREs), designated A1 TRE (−295/−268) and B1 TRE (+207/+227), have been identified within the Purkinje cell-expressed Pcp-2 gene. Previous studies have characterized the A1 TRE (Zou et al., 1994). This article analyzes the structural and functional characteristics of the intronic B1 TRE. The B1 sequence contains four overlapping TRE half-sites. The 3′ DR4 motif, consisting of the second and forth half-sites, is responsible for the T3 induction observed with the B1 sequence. Gel-shift analysis reveals developmentally regulated complexes that are abundant in the fetus and at birth and then fall precipitously in the neonate bind to B1. The observed time-course of these complexes varies inversely with the rise in Pcp-2 expression, thus raising the possibility that the complexes may represent inhibitory factors. Supershift analysis indicates that endogenous TRα1 is present in the fetal nuclear protein complexes that bind to B1. Competition analysis also indicates the second B1 TRE half-site is important in binding the TRα1-TRAP complexes. These studies suggest that the B1 sequence may bind potential TRα1-TRAP repressor complexes in the fetus, whereas in the neonate, these TRE sites may be involved in the activation of Pcp-2 by binding other TR-TRAP-activating complexes.
Isolation of Specific Interference Processing in the Stroop Task: PET Activation Studies

The Stroop task, in which subjects must name the color of letters that spell color words different than the color-to-be-named, provides an important experimental paradigm for the study of selective attention. Cerebral blood flow activation studies have not always demonstrated consistent activation patterns; inconsistent results may reflect nonspecific responses, such as arousal or anticipation, rather than cerebral networks specific to Stroop interference processing. In order to identify regions consistently implicated in Stroop interference processing, we undertook two experiments with a Stroop interference paradigm and contrasting lexical and nonlexical control conditions. In our first experiment, standard Stroop stimuli, e.g., the word "RED" displayed in a green font, were contrasted with color naming of the font of noncolor words and color naming of a false font. In our second experiment, we compared Stroop stimuli with colored symbols and a control condition designed to elicit nonspecific interference-taboo words displayed in color fonts. Only two brain regions showed a consistent CBF change in both experiments. Activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus reflected processing more specific to the Stroop task, while deactivation in the right superior temporal gyrus occurred for the Stroop and the taboo conditions, consistent with more nonspecific processing. Activation in the anterior cingulate cortex occurred in only one comparison in one experiment and may not reflect functions central to overcoming Stroop interference.
336: Ultrasound derived estimated fetal weight using customized standards: does it improve prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes?

gestational age at delivery, infant gender, mode of delivery, birthweight, and gestational age at maximal bowel dilation. Infants requiring surgery had statistically significant maximal bowel dilation at 50% and 100% increases over the 90th percentile (p .02, p .004). These infants also had significantly higher maximal bowel diameters (p 0.01), and hospital length of stay (p .007) (Table). CONCLUSION: Prenatal diagnosis of bowel dilation is concerning and may suggest the presence of bowel obstruction requiring surgical intervention. Our data show that the degree of bowel dilation antenatally may be a better predictor in determining those infants most likely to require surgery. Further examination of surgical cases is required to determine the degree to which ultrasound diagnosis of bowel dilation can predict surgical diagnosis.
Visualization of Events in a Spatially and Multimedia Enriched Virtual Environment

Semantic Event Tracker (SET) is a highly interactive visualization tool for tracking and associating activities (events) in a spatially and Multimedia Enriched Virtual Environment. SET provides integrated views of information spaces while providing overview and detail to improve perception and evaluation of complex scenarios. We model an event as an object that describes an action and its location, time, and relations to other objects. Real world event information is extracted from Internet sources, then stored and processed using Semantic Web technologies that enable us to discover semantic associations between events. We use RDF graphs to represent semantic metadata and ontologies. SET is capable of visualizing as well as navigating through the event data in all three aspects of space, time and theme.
Stages in adolescent involvement in drug use

Two longitudinal surveys based on random samples of high school students in New York State indicate four stages in the sequence of involvement with drugs: beer or wine, or both; cigarettes or hard liquor; marihuana; and other illicit drugs. The legal drugs are necessary intermediates between nonuse and marihuana. Whereas 27 percent of high school students who smoke and drink progress to marihuana within a 5- to 6-month follow-up period, only 2 percent of those who have not used any legal substance do so. Marihuana, in turn, is a crucial step on the way to other illicit drugs. While 26 percent of marihuana users progress to LSD, amphetamines, or heroin, only 1 percent of nondrug marihuana users and 4 percent of legal drug users do so. This sequence is found in each of the 4 years in high school and in the year after graduation. The reverse sequence holds for regression in drug use.
Velocity distributions of recombinatively desorbed O2 originating from surface and sub-surface oxygen/Rh(111)

Oxygen can exist either on the surface or in the sub-surface region of Rh(111). There are clearly different thermal desorption signatures for these two states. In this Letter, we report on experiments examining the dynamical paths for oxygen recombination and desorption arising from the two states by measuring the velocity distributions of the desorbing O2. The results are well represented by identical Maxwell-Boltzmann velocity distributions, significantly hotter than the surface temperature. We conclude that surface and sub-surface oxygen share a common dynamical state prior to desorption.
The Career Attainment of Caucasian and Asian Engineers

This article explores the influence of race and nativity on the one hand and assimilation, human capital, and market structure on the other to explain patterns of income and career transitions of Caucasians and Asians in the engineering profession. Multiple and logistic regression techniques are employed to analyze the career histories of 12,200 Caucasian and Asian engineers followed from 1982 through 1986. The objective is to determine how well Asians have performed in the American engineering labor market in terms of wages, occupational status, and promotion in comparison to Caucasians. The results indicate more racial disparity in managerial representation and upward mobility than in earnings, and more disparity in career attainment between foreign-born Asians and Caucasians than between native-born Asians and Caucasians. The data suggest that Asian engineers, except recent immigrants, have achieved earnings parity but have not yet attained occupational equality with Caucasians.
Mapping sub‐pixel surface roughness on Mars using high‐resolution satellite image data

[1] The ratio between co-registered pixels in stereo or repeat image pairs is used to constrain the deviation of the Martian surface from Lambertian reflection due to unresolved shadows at the pixel scale of orbiting imagers. Relative differences between the ratios primarily reflect differences in the effective amount of shadows ‘seen’ by the sensor in the two measurements, and are thus used as a relative proxy for sub-pixel surface roughness (SR). In-scene atmospheric corrections enable simple application of this ‘two-look’ approach, which facilitates robust SR mapping at spatial resolutions comparable to the image data. Relative ‘two-look’ SR estimates can be translated to physical SR parameters through empirical calibration using ground-based measurements. SR variation maps in Gusev crater were derived from THEMIS and HRSC images at 18- and 30- m/pixel, respectively. The latter were calibrated using measurements from Spirit to produce a quantitative clast-coverage map of Spirit's initial traverse in Gusev crater.
The politics and the ethics of breast cancer

This issue of the journal contains updated recommendations on the use of partial breast radiation from the ABS. The first such recommendations were published just two years ago, as a “Category 2” consensus, defined as the panel reaching consensus based on lower-level evidence, including non-published clinical experience. At that time, the panel concluded that EBRT (External Beam Radiation Therapy) is the standard of care, and brachytherapy as the “sole modality should be considered investigational and should be performed in the context of a controlled clinical trial.” The revised 2003 recommendations support the use of partial breast radiation in women over age 45, who have small (3 cm or less), unifocal invasive ductal cancers, excised with negative margins and negative nodes. Although the phrase “standard of care” is not used, the authors appear to support this treatment for any patient who meets these criteria, provided a QA program is in place. What have we learned in those two years, and does this new information justify the 2003 recommendations? Comparing the table of patient series (Table 2) treated with Breast Brachytherapy Alone, in the present article, to the 2001 guidelines table (1), I note the addition of five new studies. Two, by Arthur and by Lawenda, are reports by personal communication, on studies that have only been published in abstract form. The study by Polgar, in Hungary, is an unusual mix of Phase I-II and Phase III data, mixing different fractionations and techniques; some of the women were treated by “wide volume electrons,” which I confess I could not understand, even after reading the paper several times. Thus, I have not used this Hungarian data to assess the 2003 guidelines. The Krishnan study from Kansas City is a highly selective series of women with Stage I breast cancer, over the age of 60 years; results at a mean follow-up of 47 months in these 24 women have been excellent in terms of local control and cosmetic outcome. The Wazer study of 32 women does report a good or excellent cosmetic outcome with a minimum follow-up time of 18 months, but also states that one-third of the women had a Grade 3–4 (RTOG Scale) level of subcutaneous toxicity.
Prime sieves using binary quadratic forms

We introduce an algorithm that computes the prime numbers up to N using O(N/log log N) additions and N 1/2+o(1) bits of memory. Tie algorithm enumerates representations of integers by certain binary quadratic forms. We present implementation results for this algorithm and one of the best previous algorithms.
Modulation of memory processing in the cingulate cortex of mice.

Abstract To evaluate the possible role of the cingulate cortex in memory processing for training using a noxious stimulus, we trained mice on foot shock avoidance in a T-maze. Cholinergic, GABAergic, serotonergic, and glutamatergic agonists and antagonists were administered into the cingulate cortex immediately after training. Retention for the foot shock avoidance training was tested 1 week later. The results indicate that muscarinic and nicotinic agonists improved retention, while antagonists impaired it. GABA and serotonin agonists impaired retention, while antagonists improved it. Drugs acting on GABAA and GABAB receptors had similar effects on retention, as did drugs acting on serotonin 1 and 2 receptor subtypes. Glutamate improved retention, and AP5, an antagonist of the excitatory amino acid site of the NMDA receptor, impaired retention. The cingulate cortex, like other parts of the limbic system, is involved in memory processing that occurs shortly after training.
Phase retrieval for the Hubble Space Telescope using iterative propagation algorithms

Phase retrieval algorithms, including the iterative transform algorithm and gradient search algorithms, were generalized to include the effects of propagation through a complicated optical system and to discount the effects of bad CCD pixels. For the gradient search algorithms, analytic gradients were derived that greatly speed up the computation over finite difference methods. For the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), the aperture function was reconstructed and the phase errors were retrieved. This information is useful to design correction optics for the telescope and for the deconvolution of blurred images from the HST.
Observation of the decay KL0→π±π0e∓ν

Abstract The rare decay KL0→π±π0e∓ν has been observed in an experiment using a MWPC spectrometer and a lead glass counter hodoscope. The observed branching ratio Γ(KL0→π±π0e∓ν)Γ(KL0→all)=(6.2±2.0) × 10−5 agrees well with the theoretical prediction. The charged pion angular distribution was found to be consistent with l = 1 as expected from the |ΔI|=½ rule.
A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with severe opioid withdrawal.

Background and Objective While the risk of opioid overdose is widely accepted, the dangers of opioid withdrawal are far less clearly defined. The purpose of this publication is to provide evidence against the erroneous clinical dictum that opioid withdrawal is never life-threatening. Methods and Results This case report (N = 1) illustrates an unfortunate, common scenario of a man abusing prescription opioids and heroin. His attempt at self-detoxification with buprenorphine–naloxone resulted in life-threatening opioid withdrawal. A detailed account of each day of his withdrawal period was documented by patient and family report and review of all medical records. The patient was contacted three months after hospitalization to verify information and determine progress in treatment and abstinence from drugs and alcohol. Discussion and Conclusion A review of the literature was completed on severe cases of precipitated and spontaneous opioid withdrawal followed by a discussion of the significance as it relates to this case. Scientific Significance Given the widespread use of prescription opioids and opioid maintenance treatment, physicians should be aware of the complications of acute opioid withdrawal and should be equipped to treat these complications. (Am J Addict 2015;24:400 –402)
Coding Schemes for an Erasure Relay Channel

This paper considers a simple network consisting of a source, a destination, and a relay. In this model, the source- relay and relay-destination links are lossless, while the source- destination link is subject to erasures. Four coding schemes for reliably conveying k symbols from the source to the destination are described. Three of these techniques are adapted directly from well-known point-to-point coding schemes - viz., the use of maximum-distance separable (MDS) codes and Luby Transform (LT) codes. The fourth approach is a new technique using uncoded transmission from the source in conjunction with a relay that transmits a sequence with this property: When the destination subtracts the effects of the unerased symbols from the sequence, what remains is an "LT-like" code for the erased symbols - and this property holds regardless of which symbols were erased on the source-destination link. The four approaches are compared in terms of their complexity and performance.
ABE: An Agent-Based Software Architecture for a Multimodal Emotion Recognition Framework

The computer's ability to recognize human emotional states given physiological signals is gaining in popularity to create empathetic systems such as learning environments, health care systems and videogames. Despite that, there are few frameworks, libraries, architectures, or software tools, which allow systems developers to easily integrate emotion recognition into their software projects. The work reported here offers a first step to fill this gap in the lack of frameworks and models, addressing: (a) the modeling of an agent-driven component-based architecture for multimodal emotion recognition, called ABE, and (b) the use of ABE to implement a multimodal emotion recognition framework to support third-party systems becoming empathetic systems.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE SEX DIFFERENCE IN 3²-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF RAT LIVERS1

Conditions have been established for quantitative assay of rat liver 3²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in order to investigate further the difference previously demonstrated (1) in the ratio obtained of epiandrosterone/androsterone, depending on the sex of the animal from which the liver was taken. Livers of male rats have been shown to demonstrate more activity than livers of female rats, whether assays were made using crude homogenates, fractions obtained by differential centrifugation, or acetone-dried preparations. Data were also obtained indicating that rat liver contains separable 3²-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities associated with particulate and soluble material, and the sex difference lies in a greater activity of the 3²-hydroxystcroid dehydrogenase associated with the particulate matter. The activity of the enzj’me associated with the particulate matter can be increased in livers of female rats by administration of testosterone propionate.
The shorthand vertical mattress stitch: Evaluation of a new suture technique

The shorthand vertical mattress suture is a new suture technique that provides the same amount of wound eversion in less time than the classic method. A randomized, prospective clinical trial was designed to test this hypothesis in a University-affiliated community hospital. Thirty patients who presented to the emergency department with traumatic lacerations requiring primary closure were eligible for this study. Wounds involving the hands, feet, or face were excluded. Patients meeting inclusion criteria were allocated randomly to have either shorthand or classic vertical mattress sutures. Wound information was collected on data sheets and included physician training level, repair time, number of knots placed, and degree of wound-edge eversion for each suture technique. Subjects were then asked to return to the emergency department in 7 to 10 days for wound assessment and suture removal. Thirty-six lacerations to the scalp, trunk, and extremities were evaluated. Shorthand vertical mattress sutures were used on 20 wounds (56%) and classic mattress sutures were used on 16 (44%) wounds. The shorthand stitch provided the same amount of wound eversion in half the time as the classic technique. No infectious complications, delayed wound healing, or cosmetic problems were observed with the shorthand technique. The shorthand vertical mattress stitch described is an efficient, alternative method for laceration repair without compromising wound eversion or cosmetic results.