cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors and Preventive Measures of Neonatal Nosocomial Infection

Objective To investigate the risk factors for neonatal nosocomial infection and its preventive measures.Methods The hospital from February 2007 to April 2011 to investigate and study the production of newborns,and infection in children associated risk factors,and pathogen infection for bacteriological analysis.Results The site of infection,fetal weeks,birth weight,and operating on patients with invasive infection by the significant correlation(P0.05);patients with primary disease,no significant correlation of infection(P0.05);analysis of patients with pathogens,which Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most likely to Grand-negative bacteria infection of the bacteria,coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus was a Gram-positive cocci bacteria infections most likely to occur;analysis of drug resistance the results show a variety of different drug-resistant strains had significant differences(P0.05).Conclusion To reduce neonatal hospital infection,should actively adopt preventive measures to reduce the patient's infection.For patients infected with bacteriological susceptibility testing should be timely and based on susceptibility testing to select the appropriate antibiotic treatment,to improve patient outcomes.
Representing SAR complex image pixels

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images are often complex-valued to facilitate specific exploitation modes. Furthermore, these pixel values are typically represented with either real/imaginary (also known as I/Q) values, or as Magnitude/Phase values, with constituent components comprised of integers with limited number of bits. For clutter energy well below full-scale, Magnitude/Phase offers lower quantization noise than I/Q representation. Further improvement can be had with companding of the Magnitude value.
Two Conceptions of Two Conceptions of Emotion in Criminal Law: An Essay Inspired by Bill Stuntz

This essay examines alternative explanatory theories of the treatment of emotion in criminal law. In fact, it re-examines a previous exposition on this same topic. In Two Conceptions of Emotion in Criminal Law (Kahan & Nussbaum 1996), I argued that the law, despite a surface profession of fidelity to a mechanistic conception of emotion, in fact reflects an evaluative one: rather than thoughtless surges of affect that impair an actor’s volition, emotions, on this account, embody a moral evaluation of the actor that is in turn subject to moral evaluation by legal decisionmakers as “right” or “wrong,” “virtuous” or “vicious,” and not merely as “strong” or “weak” in relation to the actor’s volition. I now qualify this claim — and indeed reject certain parts of it. I do so on the basis of an alternative conception of the evaluative conception of emotion: whereas the position in Kahan & Nussbaum (1996) treats the evaluative conception as implementing a conscious moral appraisal on the part of decisionmakers, the alternative sees it, at least sometimes, as a product of decisoinmakers’ unconscious vulnerability to appraisals they themselves would view as subversive of the law’s moral principles, which might well invest volitional impairment with normative significance. I examine the empirical evidence, amassed by various researchers including (without giving this point much thought) by me, for this third view, which I label the “cognitive conception” as opposed to the earlier (Kahan & Nussbaum 1996) “moral conception” of the “evaluative” view of emotions in criminal law.
The Clinical Value of Lymphangiography: Are the Nodes Surrounding the Obturator Nerve Visualized?

AbstractTwenty-five patients subjected to pelvic node dissection for urologic malignancies underwent bilateral pedal lymphangiography preoperatively. Postoperatively, 50 samples of the nodes selectively removed from the regions surrounding the obturator nerve were radiographed. All 50 samples revealed the presence of radiopaque dye. The lymph nodes surrounding the obturator nerve represent the first point of lymphatic metastases in carcinoma of the prostate and the bladder. Their visualization by lymphangiography emphasizes the importance of such a diagnostic study for the correct clinical staging of these diseases. The lymphatic anatomy of the pelvis is reviewed and compared to the radiological findings in lymphangiography
The Role of Sonographic Imaging to Assess the Pathophysiology of Cording in Patients Treated for Breast Cancer: A Pilot Study

The pathophysiology of cording (visible bands of tissue that can form in the ipsilateral axilla and arm following breast cancer surgery) remains equivocal. Cording can be a painful and functionally...
Teacher-Student VR Telepresence with Networked Depth Camera Mesh and Heterogeneous Displays

We present a novel interface for a teacher guiding students immersed in virtual environments. Our approach uses heterogeneous displays, with a teacher using a large 2D monitor while multiple students use immersive head-mounted displays. The teacher is sensed by a depth camera (Kinect) to capture depth and color imagery, which are streamed to student stations to inject a realistic 3D mesh of the teacher into the environment. To support communication needed for an educational application, we introduce visual aids to help teachers point and to help them establish correct eye gaze for guiding students. The result allowed an expert guide in one city to guide users located in another city through a shared educational environment. We include substantial technical details on mesh streaming, rendering, and the interface, to help other researchers.
Gratitude and Subjective Wellbeing: A Proposal of Two Causal Frameworks

Gratitude, the experience of appreciating the positive aspects in life, has been associated with increased subjective wellbeing (SWB). This paper proposes two causal frameworks (i.e., a cognitive and a psycho-social framework) that highlight the possible mechanisms by which gratitude influences SWB. This paper provides support for these two frameworks by reviewing research conducted to date on the relationship between the experience of gratitude and SWB, in terms of reduced symptoms of psychopathology, better interpersonal relationships, and improved physical health. In addition, the promising potential of gratitude interventions to improve SWB in healthy individuals and those with symptoms of psychopathology are reviewed. While gratitude interventions represent a relatively new approach, the limited evidence suggests that they may eventually provide an effective form of intervention that can be used to complement current therapy aprroaches for improving SWB. Therefore its potential application in clinical populations and the underlying mechanisms that might be driving the positive effects of gratitude interventions in improving SWB deserve further research attention.
Management and Excision of a 15 cm Paratesticular Angiolipoma

Paratesticular tumors are rare and often benign causes of scrotal masses. Intrascrotal angiolipomas are an uncommon paratesticular tumor that has seldom been reported in the literature. This report describes a 77 year old man who presented with a 15 cm extratesticular mass. The mass was removed due to increasing discomfort and specimen pathology confirmed it as an angiolipoma. This case highlights the feasibility of conservative management for slow growing masses, such as angiolipomas.
Grounding the Unreal

The scientific successes of the last 400 years strongly suggest a picture on which our scientific theories exhibit a layered structure of dependence and determination. Economics is dependent on and determined by psychology; psychology in its turn is, plausibly, dependent on and determined by biology; and so it goes. It is tempting to explain this layered structure of dependence and determination among our theories by appeal to a corresponding layered structure of dependence and determination among the entities putatively treated by those theories. In this paper, I argue that we can resist this temptation: we can explain the sense in which, e.g., the biological truths are dependent on and determined by chemical truths without appealing to properly biological or chemical entities. This opens the door to a view on which, though there are more truths than just the purely physical truths, there are no entities, states, or properties other than the purely physical entities, states, and properties. I argue that some familiar strategies to explicate the idea of a layered structure of theories by appeal to reduction, ground, and truthmaking encounter difficulties. I then show how these difficulties point the way to a more satisfactory treatment which appeals to something very close to the notion of ground. Finally, I show how this treatment provides a theoretical setting in which we might fruitfully frame debates about which entities there really are. The scientific successes of the last 400 years strongly suggest a picture on which our scientific theories exhibit a layered structure of dependence and determination. Economics is dependent on and determined by psychology; psychology in its turn is, plausibly, dependent on and determined by biology; and so it goes. This chain of dependence and determination may terminate in the microphysical. It may terminate instead in a theory of the entirety of the concrete cosmos.
Human immunodeficiency virus and liver disease: A comprehensive update

Among persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, liver disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. While the etiologies are varied and often overlapping in the individual patient, the underlying mechanisms, including oxidative stress, direct activation of stellate cells, HIV interaction with hepatocytes, and bacterial translocation with systemic immune activation, seem to be unifying characteristics. Early and fully suppressive HIV antiretroviral therapy is a mainstay of management either before or concurrent with treatment of etiologic cofactors, including hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B virus, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Significant barriers to care that still exist include liver disease recognition, appropriate linkage to care, ongoing substance abuse, and psychiatric comorbidities in the HIV-infected population. Emerging issues in these patients include acute and chronic hepatitis E, underreported hepatitis D, and a rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. (Hepatology Communications 2017;1:987-1001).
Neural net algorithm for target ID trained on simulated data

Simulation-based training for target acquisition algorithms is an important goal for reducing the cost and risk associated with live data collections. To this end, the US Army Night Vision and Electronic Sensors Directorate (NVESD) has developed high-fidelity virtual scenes of terrains and targets using the DIRSIG in pursuit of a virtual DRI (detect, recognize, identify) capability. In this study, the NVESD has developed a neural network (NN) algorithm that can be trained on simulated data to classify targets of interest when presented with real data. This paper discusses the classification performance of a NN algorithm and the potential impact training with simulated data has on algorithm performance.
Membrane Physiology (Membrane Transport Mechanisms)

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the physiological role of membranes. Cells are surrounded by barriers that demonstrate selective permeability characteristics. It is through the functioning of these membranes that the cells establish the electrical potential that exists between the inside and outside of the cell and perform many other important homeostatic functions. There are four mechanisms or groups of mechanisms that exist to facilitate solute movement across biological membranes. These are diffusion, carrier-mediated transport including facilitated diffusion and active transport, osmosis, and endocytosis–exocytosis. Of all of the transport processes, the movement of solute and solvent by diffusion occurs more frequently than movement by any other process. Even though substances undergo carrier-mediated transport or pinocytosis, they also undergo or are potentially capable of undergoing diffusion. The likelihood of a substance undergoing diffusion depends upon a number of factors, The chapter discusses these factors. Diffusion or simple diffusion is that process whereby substances move from the regions of higher concentration or electrochemical potential to the regions of lower concentration or electrochemical potential. The driving force for the movement is the concentration or electrochemical difference between the two regions involved in the diffusion process.
Connecting the Group Theory Concept Assessment to Core Concepts at the Secondary Level

The Group Theory Concept Assessment (GTCA) was developed to meaningfully capture student conceptions around fundamental concepts in introductory group theory. In this chapter, we share results from a large-scale implementation of the GTCA with 375 students across 30 undergraduate institutions in the USA. We include a breakdown of performance based on major. We pair these findings with a detailed look at several GTCA tasks with direct connections to the secondary curriculum. Student conceptions around prior content, including function and operation, often mediated student performance on group theory tasks. Functions play an essential role in student approaches to building isomorphisms, exploring consequences of homomorphisms, and identifying kernels. Binary operations play an essential role in student approaches to exploring properties (such as the associative property), finding identities and inverses, defining groups, and identifying subgroups. We share results from both the multiple-choice inventory and follow-up interviews to illustrate some of these connections. We conclude with a discussion of implications for the abstract algebra classroom, with a focus on opportunities for backward transfer to secondary content that can be embedded in conceptual explorations of group theory topics.
Methods for Monitoring Matrix-Induced Autophagy

A growing body of research demonstrates modulation of autophagy by a variety of matrix constituents, including decorin, endorepellin, and endostatin. These matrix proteins are both pro-autophagic and anti-angiogenic. Here, we detail a series of methods to monitor matrix-induced autophagy and its concurrent effects on angiogenesis. We first discuss cloning and purifying proteoglycan fragment and core proteins in the laboratory and review relevant techniques spanning from cell culture to treatment with these purified proteoglycans in vitro and ex vivo. Further, we cover protocols in monitoring autophagic progression via morphological and microscopic characterization, biochemical western blot analysis, and signaling pathway investigation. Downstream angiogenic effects using in vivo approaches are then discussed using wild-type mice and the GFP-LC3 transgenic mouse model. Finally, we explore matrix-induced mitophagy via monitoring changes in mitochondrial DNA and permeability.
Argon Plasma Emission Spectrometry of Boron in Fertilizers: Comparison with Spectrometric and Distillation Procedures

A much faster and equally accurate method is described for determining boron in fertilizers by argon plasma emission spectrometry at 249.67 nm. Results by the method are compaed with results from a methyl borate distillation method and a modified azo-methine H spectrometric procedure. No significant differences in results were found among the methods studied. 3 tables.
Semi-analytical range and endurance computation of battery-powered multi-copter unmanned aerial systems under steady wind conditions:

The range and endurance of an unmanned aerial system operating nominally in an outdoor environment depends upon the available power and environmental factors like the magnitude and direction of the...
Intraoperative Electrically Evoked Compound Action Potential (ECAP) Measurements in Traditional and Hearing Preservation Cochlear Implantation.

BACKGROUND In current practice, the status of residual low-frequency acoustic hearing in hearing preservation cochlear implantation (CI) is unknown until activation two to three weeks postoperatively. The intraoperatively measured electrically evoked compound action potential (ECAP), a synchronous response from electrically stimulated auditory nerve fibers, is one of the first markers of auditory nerve function after cochlear implant surgery and such may provide information regarding the status of residual low-frequency acoustic hearing. PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between intraoperative ECAP at the time of CI and presence of preoperative and postoperative low-frequency acoustic hearing. RESEARCH DESIGN A retrospective case review. STUDY SAMPLE Two hundred seventeen adult ears receiving CI (42 Advanced Bionics, 82 Cochlear, and 93 MED-EL implants). INTERVENTIONS Intraoperative ECAP and CI. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS ECAP measurements were obtained intraoperatively, whereas residual hearing data were obtained from postoperative CI activation audiogram. A linear mixed model test revealed no interaction effects for the following variables: manufacturer, electrode location (basal, middle, and apical), preoperative low-frequency pure-tone average (LFPTA), and postoperative LFPTA. The postoperative residual low-frequency hearing status was defined as preservation of unaided air conduction thresholds ≤90 dB at 250 Hz. Electrode location and hearing preservation data were analyzed individually for both the ECAP threshold and ECAP maximum amplitude using multiple t-tests, without assuming a consistent standard deviation between the groups, and with alpha correction. RESULTS The maximum amplitude, in microvolts, was significantly higher throughout apical and middle regions of the cochlea in patients who had preserved low-frequency acoustic hearing as compared with those who did not have preserved hearing (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.0088, respectively). ECAP threshold, in microamperes, was significantly lower throughout the apical region of the cochlea in patients with preserved low-frequency acoustic hearing as compared with those without preserved hearing (p = 0.0099). Basal electrode maximum amplitudes and middle and basal electrode thresholds were not significantly correlated with postoperative low-frequency hearing. CONCLUSIONS Apical and middle electrode maximum amplitudes and apical electrode thresholds detected through intraoperative ECAP measurements are significantly correlated with preservation of low-frequency acoustic hearing. This association may represent a potential immediate feedback mechanism for postoperative outcomes that can be applied to all CIs.
Investigating Patient Preferences in Medical Student Attire in the Outpatient Otolaryngology Setting.

Background:The authors sought to investigate patient preferences on physician and medical student attire in the outpatient otolaryngology setting.Methods:A prospective sample of 50 (23 males, 27 fe...
Identification of Superior Alleles for Seedling Stage Salt Tolerance in the USDA Rice Mini-Core Collection

Salt stress is a major constraint to rice acreage and production worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the natural genetic variation available in the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) rice mini-core collection (URMC) for early vigor traits under salt stress and identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for seedling-stage salt tolerance via a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Using a hydroponic system, the seedlings of 162 accessions were subjected to electrical conductivity (EC) 6.0 dS m−1 salt stress at the three-to-four leaf stage. After completion of the study, 59.4% of the accessions were identified as sensitive, 23.9% were identified as moderately tolerant, and 16.7% were identified as highly tolerant. Pokkali was the most tolerant variety, while Nerica-6 was the most sensitive. Adapting standard International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) protocols, eight variables associated with salt tolerance were determined. The GWAS of the URMC, using over three million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified nine genomic regions associated with salt tolerance that were mapped to five different chromosomes. Of these, none were in the known Saltol QTL region, suggesting different probable genes and mechanisms responsible for salt tolerance in the URMC. The study uncovered genetic loci that explained a large portion of the variation in salt tolerance at the seedling stage. Fourteen highly salt-tolerant accessions, six novel loci, and 16 candidate genes in their vicinity were identified that may be useful in breeding for salt stress tolerance. Identified QTLs can be targeted for fine mapping, candidate gene verification, and marker-assisted breeding in future studies.
Comparative Cytology of Female Meiosis I Among Drosophila Species

The physical connections established by recombination are normally sufficient to ensure proper chromosome segregation during female Meiosis I. However, nonexchange chromosomes (such as the Muller F element or “dot” chromosome in D. melanogaster) can still segregate accurately because they remain connected by heterochromatic tethers. A recent study examined female meiosis in the closely related species D. melanogaster and D. simulans, and found a nearly twofold difference in the mean distance the obligately nonexchange dot chromosomes were separated during Prometaphase. That study proposed two speculative hypotheses for this difference, the first being the amount of heterochromatin in each species, and the second being the species’ differing tolerance for common inversions in natural populations. We tested these hypotheses by examining female meiosis in 12 additional Drosophila species. While neither hypothesis had significant support, we did see 10-fold variation in dot chromosome sizes, and fivefold variation in the frequency of chromosomes out on the spindle, which were both significantly correlated with chromosome separation distances. In addition to demonstrating that heterochromatin abundance changes chromosome behavior, this implies that the duration of Prometaphase chromosome movements must be proportional to the size of the F element in these species. Additionally, we examined D. willistoni, a species that lacks a free dot chromosome. We observed that chromosomes still moved out on the meiotic spindle, and the F element was always positioned closest to the spindle poles. This result is consistent with models where one role of the dot chromosomes is to help organize the meiotic spindle.
Exotic Lyapunov Functionals for Boundedness and Stability

This chapter is devoted primarily to the construction of exotic Lyapunov functionals for the study of boundedness, stability and exponential stability. Necessary and sufficient conditions for scalar and vector Volterra integro-dynamic equations will be given via the use of Lyapunov functionals. It is pointed out that in the case of exponential stability, Lyapunov functionals are hard to extend to vector Volterra integro-dynamic equations or to Volterra integro-dynamic equations with infinite delay. Most of the contents of this chapter are new and never been published elsewhere.
Context-aware experience sampling reveals the scale of variation in affective experience

Emotion research typically searches for consistency and specificity in physiological activity across instances of an emotion category, such as anger or fear, yet studies to date have observed more variation than expected. In the present study, we adopt an alternative approach, searching inductively for structure within variation, both within and across participants. Following a novel, physiologically-triggered experience sampling procedure, participants' self-reports and peripheral physiological activity were recorded when substantial changes in cardiac activity occurred in the absence of movement. Unsupervised clustering analyses revealed variability in the number and nature of patterns of physiological activity that recurred within individuals, as well as in the affect ratings and emotion labels associated with each pattern. There were also broad patterns that recurred across individuals. These findings support a constructionist account of emotion which, drawing on Darwin, proposes that emotion categories are populations of variable instances tied to situation-specific needs.
Early Adaptation to Eolian Sand Dunes by Basal Amniotes Is Documented in Two Pennsylvanian Grand Canyon Trackways

We report the discovery of two very early, basal-amniote fossil trackways on the same bedding plane in eolian sandstone of the Pennsylvanian Manakacha Formation in Grand Canyon, Arizona. Trackway 1, which is Chelichnus-like, we interpret to be a shallow undertrackway. It displays a distinctive, sideways-drifting, footprint pattern not previously documented in a tetrapod trackway. We interpret this pattern to record the trackmaker employing a lateral-sequence gait while diagonally ascending a slope of about 20°, thereby reducing the steepness of the ascent. Trackway 2 consists only of aligned sets of claw marks. We interpret this trackway to be a deeper undertrackway, made some hours or days later, possibly by an animal that was conspecific with Trackmaker 1, while walking directly up the slope at a speed of approximately 0.1 m/sec. These trackways are the first tetrapod tracks reported from the Manakacha Formation and the oldest in the Grand Canyon region. The narrow width of both trackways indicates that both trackmakers had relatively small femoral abduction angles and correspondingly relatively erect postures. They represent the earliest known occurrence of dunefield-dwelling amniotes-either basal reptiles or basal synapsids-thereby extending the known utilization of the desert biome by amniotes, as well as the presence of the Chelichnus ichnofacies, by at least eight million years, into the Atokan/Moscovian Age of the Pennsylvanian Epoch. The depositional setting was a coastal-plain, eolian dunefield in which tidal or wadi flooding episodically interrupted eolian processes and buried the dunes in mud.
Civilian Ballistic Tibia Shaft Fractures Compared With Blunt Tibia Shaft Fractures: Open or Closed?

OBJECTIVES To identify a group of ballistic tibia fractures, report the outcomes of these fractures, and compare them with both closed and open tibia fractures sustained by blunt mechanisms. We hypothesized that ballistic tibia fractures and blunt open fractures would have similar outcomes. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING A single Level-1 trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Adult patients presenting with ballistic (44), blunt closed (179), or blunt open (179) tibia fractures. INTERVENTION Intramedullary stabilization of tibia fracture. MAIN OUTCOMES Unplanned reoperation, soft tissue reconstruction, nonunion, compartment syndrome, and fracture-related infection. RESULTS Compared with the blunt closed group, the ballistic fracture group required more operations (P < 0.01), had a higher occurrence of soft tissue reconstruction (P < 0.01), and higher incidence of compartment syndrome (P = 0.02). Ballistic and blunt closed groups did not significantly differ in rates of unplanned reoperation (P = 0.67), nonunion (11.4% vs. 4.5%, P = 0.08), or deep infection (9.1% vs. 5.6%, P = 0.49). In comparison to the blunt open group, the ballistic group required a similar number of operations (P = 0.12), had similar rates of unplanned reoperation (P = 0.10), soft tissue reconstruction (P = 0.56), nonunion (11.4% vs. 17.9%, P = 0.49), and fracture-related infection (9.1% vs. 10.1%, P = 1.0) but a higher incidence of compartment syndrome (15.9% vs. 5.0%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Ballistic tibia fractures require more surgeries and have higher rates of soft tissue reconstruction than blunt closed fractures and seem to have outcomes similar to lower severity open fractures. We found a significantly higher rate of compartment syndrome in ballistic tibia fractures than both open and closed blunt fractures. When treating ballistic tibia fractures, surgeons should maintain a high level of suspicion for the development of compartment syndrome and counsel patients that ballistic tibia fractures seem to behave like an intermediate category between closed and open fractures sustained through blunt mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Abstract P307: Trends In Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Metabolic Syndrome Among Us Women Of Reproductive Age: 1988-2016

Objective: To compare trends in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) by race/ethnicity among US women ages 18-49 years between 1988 and 2016. Methods: Using data from the National Health and...
OFDM and alternative waveforms

This chapter aims to provide an in-depth understanding of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as well as its performance in the presence of a multipath channel and various impairments. Also, major alternative waveforms, which provide better time -frequency localization compared to OFDM using various filtering/windowing approaches with certain trade-offs, are overviewed to present a complete picture of the waveform design discussions of next -generation wireless technologies.
Exploratory Case Study of Barriers and Facilitators Associated With the Pilot Implementation of a New Electronic Healthcare Record in the Military.

Introduction The Military Health System (MHS) overhauled its previous Electronic Health Records (EHRs) system. The MHS is in need of modernizing its healthcare system to improve patient safety and coordination of care between the MHS and Veterans Affairs. In 2015, the DoD awarded Cerner, Leidos, and Accenture a $4.3 billion EHR contract for a commercialized off-the-shelf system model to be used by more than 146,000 end users. This exploratory case study looked to access socio-technical barriers and facilitators to EHR implementation specifically in the military. Materials and methods A document review served as the data source: implementation plans, evaluation reports, congressional reports, news articles, and relevant peer-reviewed literature. A series of a priori codes were developed, and emergent codes arose out of the thematic analysis process. Results There were several constructs that emerged from the analysis, placing emphasis on the uniqueness of EHR implementation in the MHS. The constructs of people, communication, and hardware and technical factors were strongly tied to EHR implementation. Additionally, medical readiness was identified in the analysis as a unique factor specific to the EHR implementation in the MHS. Conclusion This research identified three strategic recommendations for the MHS to consider: hire clinical informaticists, parallel EHR implementation, and enhance EHR training. This research also informed a Socio-Technical Leadership Framework for EHR Implementation to guide MHS leaders during health information technology implementation. Although significant health information technology changes may occur only once every few years, having issues during implementation impacts mission success, overall threatening the vital role that the MHS provides to national defense.
Basic Probability and Statistics

All measurements include some bit of randomness. Electronic noise affecting a measurement device can make slight changes in the reported value. Samples taken from a production line will have some level of variation due to changes in the process. Biological processes and patient populations will have deviation when measured. External forcing (like the ambient environmental temperature) can potentially disrupt or disturb a process. All engineers must be able to quantify uncertainty and understand its implications. Probability and statistics can help predict expected uncertainty and quantify measured variability. Monte Carlo models can be used to simulate random systems.
Robust stabilization of SISO systems with linear dependence on an uncertain parameter

Robust stabilization for SISO (single-input single-output) systems with linear-fractional parameter uncertainties is considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of robust controllers are derived. Their structure and parametrization can be obtained from the corresponding Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problems. This extends the previously known case of uncertain gain parameter. >
5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate, an allosteric inhibitor of deoxycytidylate deaminase.

Abstract 5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate (dIUTP) was synthesized in 30% yield from 5-iodo-2'-deoxycytidylate; and the allosteric nature of the inhibition by dIUTP of deoxycytidylate deaminase, derived from Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and L5178Y murine lymphoblastic cells, was compared to that produced by dTTP. The inhibition produced by the halogenated triphosphate derivative was found to be qualitatively similar to deoxythymidine triphosphate over a range of pH, temperature, and substrate concentrations; however, 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate was quantitatively more inhibitory. A reversible competitive relationship was observed between the activator effect of deoxycytidine triphosphate and the inhibitory effect of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine triphosphate when the concentration of the substrate, deoxycytidylate, was not rate-limiting. At low substrate concentrations the reaction velocity of deoxycytidylate deaminase was greatest at about 25°, and the rate of deamination decreased with deviation from this temperature in either direction.
Gronenborn, A. M.: NMR – Nothing More Rewarding

This article has no abstract. Keywords: solution NMR; multidimensional NMR; biomolecular NMR; protein structure and dynamics; protein–nucleic acid complexes; glycan-protein recognition; dipolar couplings; hybrid methods
Carbon nanotube networks: applications on flexible substrates

A method for producing large-area, low-temperature electronics on flexible substrates is developed in this paper. Randomly interconnected networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes are placed between electrodes. The carbon nanotube networks (CNN's) are electrically conductive over macroscopic dimensions and doped to behave like n- or p-type semiconductors with a effective field effect mobility of 10 cm/sup 2//Vs and an on/off current ratio of /spl sim/ 10/sup 4/. The CNN's has an application at room temperature to flexible substrates through a liquid deposition.
1‐N‐Acylamino‐1,3‐dienes from 2,4‐Pentadienoic Acids by the Curtius Rearrangement: Benzyl trans‐1,3‐butadiene‐1‐carbamate

1-N-Acylamino-1,3-dienes from 2,4-pentadienoic acids by the Curtius rearrangement: Benzyl trans-1,3-butadiene-1-carbamate intermediate: trans-2,4-Pentadienoic acid product: Benzyl trans-1,3-butadiene-1-carbamate reactant: Acrolein contaminated by 3% water was obtained by the submitters from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. reactant: N,N-Diisopropylethylamine was supplied by Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. reactant: Ethyl chloroformate obtained from Aldrich Chemical Company, Inc. reactant: Reagent grade benzyl alcohol Keywords: annulation, heterocyclic-[M,N]; condensation, carbonyl-active methylene condensations; decarboxylation; elimination, dehydration; rearrangements; replacement reactions, miscellaneous; 4-tert-butylcatechol; cyclohexyl methyl ether, preparation of; N,N-diisopropylethylamine; ethyldiisopropylamine; azides, acyl; hydrazoic acid; circulating bath, pump; condenser, dry ice-acetone
Role of Carnitine in Human Nutrition

A critical literature review summarizes and discusses information concerning the role of carnitine in the oxidation of long-chain fatty acids and other areas of in vivo metabolism. Dietary and endogenous sources of carnitine are described, as well as its transport and homeostasis. Attention also is given to: potential causes of cellular carnitine deficiency and the consequences of impaired carnitine function; primary congenital carnitine metabolic disorders; the potential carnitine insufficiency of vegetarians; and human studies of the characteristics of a variety of non-congenital carnitine-deficient clinical states.(wz)
Infallibility of a normal platelet count/spleen diameter ratio in ruling out oesophageal varices?

We read with interest that an abnormal platelet count/spleen diameter ratio predicts the presence of oesophageal varices ( Gut 2003; 52 :1200–5). This otherwise excellent article contained a statistical error that we would like to bring to your attention. The authors reported 100% sensitivity for the diagnostic test (platelet count/spleen diameter ratio at a cut off value of 909) in ruling out the diagnosis of oesophageal varices: all patients with varices had an abnormal ratio. The reported 95% confidence interval (CI) for the sensitivity was 100–100%. This is simply incorrect, and is was probably calculated using …
Activities of heterodimers composed of DNA-binding- and transactivation-deficient subunits of the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein ICP4.

Two mutant strains (vi12 and vi13) of herpes simplex virus that contain insertion mutations in the sequences that encode the DNA-binding domain of viral regulatory protein ICP4 were generated. Both mutations disrupted specific DNA binding and resulted in transcriptionally inactive molecules; however, the ability of the mutant proteins to form dimers was retained. The mutant proteins formed heterodimers with an ICP4 deletion mutant (X25) that is nonfunctional but retains the ability to bind to consensus sites. Significantly elevated levels of early (E or beta) and "leaky late" (beta gamma or gamma 1) gene expression were observed upon coexpression of the insertion mutant and X25 ICP4 polypeptides. While the heterodimers composed of the vi13 and X25 peptides possessed DNA-binding activity, those composed of vi12 and X25 did not, indicating that DNA binding by the heterodimers may not be required for restored activity. Despite significant levels of early gene expression and viral DNA synthesis in vi12-infected X25 cells, true late (gamma 2) mRNA was not synthesized. This indicates that the structural requirements for ICP4 induction of different classes of viral genes may be different. Images
Sleep in Parkinson's disease: A comparison of actigraphy and subjective measures

Sleep disturbances are common in Parkinson's disease (PD). Actigraphy has emerged as an alternative to polysomnography to measure sleep, raising the question of its ability to capture sleep quality in PD patients. Our aim was to compare self-report data with actigraphic data. Thirty non-demented individuals with PD and 14 normal control participants (NC) were included. Sleep was measured using 24-h wrist actigraphy over a seven day period, during which time participants kept a sleep diary. Subjective sleep and arousal questionnaires included the Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Patients with PD presented with more sleep problems than NC. In NC, none of the actigraphic sleep variables were related to any of the self-report measures of sleep. In PD, scores on subjective sleep measures correlated with actigraphy-derived estimates of sleep quality. Our results suggest that actigraphy is an appropriate method of measuring sleep quality in PD.
Expansions of the real field with power functions

Abstract We investigate expansions of the ordered field of real numbers equipped with a family of real power functions. We show in particular that the (O-minimal) theory of the ordered field of real numbers augmented by all restricted analytic functions and all real power functions admits elimination of quantifiers and has a universal axiomatization. We derive that every function of one variable definable in this structure, not ultimately identically 0, is asymptotic at + ∞ to a real function of the form x ↦ cx r , c ≠ 0; in particular, this structure is polynomially bounded. Furthermore, given any definable function f : U → R with U open in R n , if α ϵ U and f is infinitely differentiable at α, then f is real analytic in a neighborhood of α.
Use of denaturing gradient electrophoresis to determine the distributions of polymorphisms in entire genes in natural populations

Abstract We show here that the method of genomic denaturing gradient electrophoresis (gDGGE) can be used to examine any gene that has been previously cloned and sequenced, and to detect and approximately localize within the gene the majority of its polymorphisms. By using pooled-DNA gDGGE, many different samples can be scanned on a single gel. Further, the patterns on the gels and results from sequencing of some of the alleles shows that a variety of different kinds of polymorphism, ranging from single base changes to more substantial allelic differences, can be distinguished. The extramacrochaetae ( emc ) gene of Drosophila melanogaster exhibits no polymorphism in its ORF that can be detected by this method, although a rearrangement polymorphism was detected in the 3′ downstream region of the gene. The suppressor-of-hairless ( Su ( H )) gene of D. melanogaster , however, exhibits a variety of polymorphisms in its ORF. Some are small deletions or insertions in a glutamine-rich part of the gene product that would not have been detectable by ordinary screening methods. Many of the polymorphisms detected in this preliminary survey are likely to have an impact on the function of the Su ( H ) gene product.
Phase Transitions in Mesostructured Silica/Surfactant Composites: Surfactant Packing and the Role of Charge Density Matching

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction is utilized to follow phase transitions in nanostructured silica/surfactant composites in real time under hydrothermal conditions. The data allow us both to obtain kinetic parameters and to observe intermediate phases. In all cases, changes in the packing of the organic component of these composites drives the transformation, indicating that surfactant packing is a dominant factor in determining the overall structure of these materials. For materials heated in pure water, however, high activation energies for transformation were measured, suggesting that large kinetic barriers can stabilize structures against surfactant-driven rearrangements. Matching between the interfacial charge density of the inorganic silica framework and the charge density of the surfactant headgroups is also found to affect the kinetics of transformation. Lamellar-to-hexagonal transitions, which complement condensation-induced changes in charge density, are observed to be continuous, while hexagonal-to-lamellar transitions, which proceed contrary to these charge density changes, are discontinuous. For materials heated in their high-pH synthesis solutions, more complex phase behaviors are observed. Hexagonal (p6mm) structures transform either to a bicontinuous cubic phase (Ia3d) or to a lamellar structure. Lamellar phases are observed at either long or short polymerization times, while cubic phases dominate at intermediate polymerization times. The production of these different phases can be understood by considering the interplay between organic packing, charge density matching, and changing activation energies. At short times, high charge on the inorganic framework favors transformation to the low-curvature lamellar structures. At very long times, silica condensation both reduces this charge density and cross-links the framework. This crosslinking raises kinetic barriers for transformation and again favors the topologically simpler hexagonal-to-lamellar transition. Transformations to the cubic phase are only observed at intermediate times, when these effects are balanced.
166 CARDIOVASCULAR RESPONSES OF NEWBORN PIGLETS IN ENDOTOXIC SHOCK

Circulatory responses to endotoxemia have been well described in adult animal models but not in the newborn. Ten piglets (mean age, 4.6 days) were anesthetized and given E. Coli endotoxin, 5 mg/kg, i.v. Cardiac output (CO), arterial and central venous pressure, pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP), arterial blood gas values and serum glucose concentration were measured. Seven piglets survived the three hour protocol. After a slight early elevation in mean arterial pressure there was a decline over the first hour until a plateau was reached at 60% of control. This continued for the duration of the experiment. After an initial drop in CO substantial recovery occurred, followed by a slowly progressive decline. This was accompanied by profound hypoglycemia. Five controls showed no significant circulatory changes. Five pigs older than four weeks were given endotoxin and none survived beyond two hours. Other differences in the older animals included the absence of a plateau phase of hypotension; failure of CO to recover after the early drop; a substantial rise in PAWP; transient hyperglycemia preceding the profound hypoglycemia; and more rapid progression of metabolic acidosis. It is concluded that the newborn piglet is more resistant to the effects of endotoxin than is the older pig. This may be attributable to differences in vasomotor responsiveness.
The eosinophil response to stress of patients with surgically produced thalamic and hypothalamic lesions.

SPIEGEL, Wycis and their coworkers have adapted the Horsley-Clarke stereotaxic apparatus so that precisely localized lesions may be produced within the brain substance of humans. In this manner, they have been treating patients who have certain emotional disorders and intractable pain (1, 2). Consequently, a unique opportunity has been afforded the present authors to investigate the relationship of the thalamus and hypothalamus to the human metabolic economy. Patients so treated have been studied over a period of two years with a variety of tests, including those measuring the response of eosinophils to the stress produced by ACTH, epinephrine and insulin. This paper is limited to a report of changes observed with these latter procedures. METHODS AND MATERIAL Fifteen schizophrenic patients have been evaluated before and at intervals after bilateral lesions were produced in the thalamus and/or hypothalamus by Drs. Spiegel and Wycis. Several patients were operated on again and the lesions enlarged and/or se...