cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ON THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THE MOTION OF ONE SATELLITE OF A TWO-SATELLITE TETHERED SYSTEM

This paper addresses the problem of characterizing the information available in observations of one of the satellites of a two-satellite tethered system. Generally, both satellites in a twosatellite tethered system are observed because it is known a priori that the two satellites are tethered together. However, in some cases, the fact that an observed satellite is a member of a tethered system may not be known a priori. In such cases, conventional orbit determination and tracking methods may predict motion of the observed satellite that differs significantly from its actual motion. Here, we use mathematical models of a two-satellite tethered system to study the characteristics of the information contained in observations of one of the satellites as a prelude to using such information to determine the motion of the system.
Surface-Plasmon Resonance Effect in Grating Diffraction

Anomalies found in the intensity of $p$-polarized light from concave diffraction gratings have been analyzed in terms of an interaction between the incoming photon and a surface-plasmon resonance in the grating surface. There is clear evidence for zone gaps in the dispersion curves which we have constructed for surface plasmons in Al and Au. The phenomena reported here may be regarded as manifestations of second- and possibly higher-order plasmon-grating interactions.
Validity of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version II: DSM-III diagnoses

A new diagnostic instrument, The Diagnostic Interview Schedule, was evaluated for use by lay interviewers by comparing its DSM-III diagnoses when given by lay interviewers with results obtained through an independent interview by a psychiatrist using the same schedule, his clinical judgement after the interview, his clinical judgement after both the interview and a free question period, and with diagnoses on the medical chart.
The Midwest and the Nation: Rethinking the History of an American Region

FOREWORD BY BERNARD W. SHEEHAN PREFACE INTRODUCTION I. The Significance of the Northwest Ordinance II. The Peopling of the Old Northwest III. The Origins of Community in the Old Northwest IV. The Origins of Politics in the Old Northwest V. The Politics of Cultural Definition VI. The Politics of Accommodation and the Significance of the Frontier Epilogue: Fredrick Jackson Turner, Regional Historian Notes Index
Validation of home telehealth for pressure ulcer assessment: a study in patients with spinal cord injury:

The reliability and validity of assessments and diagnoses made via home telehealth was measured in 42 patients with spinal cord injury. Two telehealth modalities were investigated: telephone-only contact and videoconferencing. The results were compared with a reference (gold-standard) method, the in-person assessment and diagnosis of skin integrity and pressure ulcers. The agreement on the presence of a pressure ulcer was excellent for both telephone and videoconferencing approaches (92% for telephone, 97% for videoconferencing). The diagnoses of the stage of pressure ulcer (on an ordinal scale of 0-4) made via telephone and videoconferencing showed substantial to almost perfect agreement with the in-person diagnoses (Spearman's rho of 0.76 and 0.83, respectively). There was a tendency for the measurements of wound volume to be somewhat larger in the telephone and videoconferencing modalities compared to those made in-person. Bland-Altman plots showed that videoconferencing gave substantially narrower 95% limits of agreement. The findings of the study indicate that telephone contact can be a useful tool for identifying the presence of a pressure ulcer, but videoconferencing is required to obtain an evaluation reasonably close to that of a home visit.
Formation and Characterization of the π-Radical Cation and Dication of π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Materials

The π-radical cation as well as the dication species of a series of quinonoid π-extended TTF have been generated by means of time-resolved and steady-state radiation chemical techniques. The spectr...
Dopamine-regulated phosphorylation of synaptic vesicle-associated proteins in rat neostriatum and substantia nigra

Dopamine, acting through dopamine D1 receptors and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, has been found to increase the state of phosphorylation of the synaptic vesicle-associated phosphoproteins synapsin I and protein III in slices of rat neostriatum and substantia nigra. In the neostriatum, the effect of dopamine was mimicked by SKF 38393, a D2 receptor agonist, and was abolished by preincubation of the slices with fluphenazine or SCH 23390, antipsychotic drugs which are potent D1 receptor antagonists, but not by the D2 receptor antagonists l-sulpiride or spiroperidol. The maximal effect of dopamine in the neostriatum represented approximately 30-35% of the maximal effect induced by 8-bromo cyclic AMP, suggesting that a similar fraction of nerve terminals in the neostriatum may express the dopamine D1 receptor. Evidence for a small population of beta-adrenergic receptors regulating nerve terminal protein phosphorylation in the neostriatum, distinct from the D1 dopamine receptors, was also obtained. In the substantia nigra, the effect of dopamine also appeared to be mediated through a D1 dopamine receptor, since it was abolished by fluphenazine and SCH 23390. The maximal effect of dopamine in the substantia nigra represented approximately two-thirds of the effect induced by 8-bromo cyclic AMP, suggesting that a similar fraction of nerve terminals in the substantia nigra may express the dopamine D1 receptor. The ability of dopamine D1 receptor activation to stimulate both synapsin I and protein III phosphorylation and GABA release in both the neostriatum and substantia nigra may be causally linked.
Modeling Integrated Decisions for a Municipal Water System with Recourse and Uncertainties: Amman, Jordan

Stochastic mixed-integer optimization is used to identify a portfolio of long- and short-term supply and conservation actions for a municipal water system to cost-effectively accommodate a distribution of water shortages. Alternative robust, grey-number, and best/worst case formulations systematically explore implications of uncertainties in action costs, life spans, water volumes gained or saved, shortage levels, and shortage probabilities. A detailed example for Amman, Jordan considers 23 potential actions. Results show: (1) remarkable consistency occurs across the different modeling approaches. (2) Conserving water—reducing leakage and targeting select customers to install water efficient appliances—plays an important and growing role over time. (3) A delayed need for large supply projects like pumping the Disi aquifer. (4) No role appears for seawater desalination (Red–Dead Canal) before 2040. (5) Desalinating brackish Zara-Ma’een water is the low-cost option to increase water availability to customers but requires substantial capital investments. And (6) two shortcomings arise for grey-number and best/worst case approaches.
Theoretical basis for the quantitative analysis of fracture surfaces

Abstract A theory is proposed for the determination of several basic quantities in fractographic analysis. These are the true area of a fracture surface, the surface fraction, and the volume fraction of some identifiable features intersected by a random-curvature fracture surface. The objective of this analysis is to make it possible for fractographers to take all necessary measurements on the micrographs of the analyzed fracture surfaces. It is shown that simple and exact relations can be derived when such micrographs are taken at a zero-tilt angle in the scanning electron microscope or prepared by surface replication and transmission electron microscopy. There is excellent agreement between conclusions based on the proposed theory and experimental observations.
To kill or not to kill, that is the question: cytocidal antimalarial drug resistance

Elucidating mechanisms of antimalarial drug resistance accelerates development of improved diagnostics and the design of new, effective malaria therapy. Recently, several studies have emphasized that chloroquine (CQ) resistance (CQR) can be quantified in two very distinct ways, depending on whether sensitivity to the growth inhibitory effects or parasite-kill effects of the drug are being measured. It is now clear that these cytostatic and cytocidal CQR phenotypes are not equivalent, and recent genetic, cell biological, and biophysical evidence suggests how the molecular mechanisms may overlap. These conclusions have important implications for elucidating other drug resistance phenomena and emphasize new concepts that are essential for the development of new drug therapy.
Compressibility Effects in the Gas Phase for Unsteady Annular Two-Phase Flow in a Microchannel

High speed microscopy experiments investigating two-phase (gas-liquid) flow behavior in capillary-scale systems, that is, systems where capillary forces are important relative to gravitational forces, have revealed a unique unsteady annular flow with periodic destabilization of the gas-liquid interface. Standing waves develop on the liquid film and grow into annular lobes similar with those observed in low-speed two-phase flow. The leading face of the lobe will decelerate and suddenly become normal to the wall of the capillary, suggesting the possibility of a shock wave in the gas phase at a downstream location from the minimum gas flow section. Visualization of the naturally occurring convergent-divergent nozzle-like structures as well as a discussion on the possibility of shock wave formation are presented.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The effect of some chlorinated insecticides on the activity of chorionic gonadotrophin in rats

Abstract 1. DDT, in daily dosages of over 5 mg. per kg. body-weight, and heptachlor, in daily dosages of over 10 mg. per kg. body-weight, administered orally for 3 consecutive days significantly lowered the weight of ovaries, caused by the simultaneous administration of chorionic gonadotrophin in prepubertal female rats. 2. DDT and heptachlor alone did not exhibit any effect upon the weight of ovaries. 3. In histological examinations no pathological changes were found in consequence of the administration of DDT and heptachlor.
Modulation of Bovine Oocyte-Cumulus Cell Complex Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro by Glycosaminoglycans

Oocyte-cumulus cell complex maturation and fertilization potential of 4700 bovine oocytes in the presence of various intrafollicular regulators were studied. Endpoints for oocyte maturation included cumulus cell expansion, retention of [3H]hyaluronic acid, elevated cyclic AMP concentrations, and germinal vesicle breakdown. Media supplemented with FSH and fetal bovine serum stimulated oocyte maturation and fertilization. Heparin and mixed glycosaminoglycans (40% heparan sulfate and 60% dermatan sulfate) stimulated cumulus cell expansion and increased [3H]hyaluronic acid but decreased cyclic AMP and reduced percentages of oocytes with germinal vesicle breakdown at 12 h. Oocytes cultured in heparin or mixed glycosaminoglycans were incapable of fertilization. Addition of serum to oocytes treated with heparin decreased cumulus cell expansion. Addition of FSH to heparin and serum cultures did not overcome the inhibitory effect of serum on heparin-induced expansion. Dermatan sulfate failed to stimulate expansion of cumuli but resulted in cells retaining [3H]hyaluronic acid and elevated cyclic AMP content of oocytes. Dermatan sulfate did not affect the percentage of germinal vesicle breakdown at 12 h. Nitrogen-desulfated heparin did not promote any signs of oocyte maturation. These results demonstrate that heparin and mixed glycosaminoglycans stimulate events related to oocyte maturation but were not capable of preparing oocytes for fertilization. The addition of serum or desulfation of heparin inhibited heparin effects on oocyte maturation.
Arc Spectrum of Silicon

Arc spectrum of silicon at low pressure measured with plane and concave grating spectrographs and Fabry-Perot interferometers, identifying new solar lines and energy levels
Explaining the unionism gap: Public-private sector differences in preferences for unionization

Data indicate a substantial and growing “unionism gap” between the public and private sectors. Previous research identifies possible explanations for this gap, including preferences for collective action, political considerations, fears of employer retaliation, and concerns about job security. Our results provide support for these explanations, but also suggest that perceived differences between private and public sector unions may be a significant factor.
The 2013 BBN Vietnamese telephone speech keyword spotting system

In this paper we describe the Vietnamese conversational telephone speech keyword spotting system under the IARPA Babel program for the 2013 evaluation conducted by NIST. The system contains several, recently developed, novel methods that significantly improve speech-to-text and keyword spotting performance such as stacked bottleneck neural network features, white listing, score normalization, and improvements on semi-supervised training methods. These methods resulted in the highest performance for the official IARPA Babel surprise language evaluation of 2013.
Cost Effective Paper-Based Colorimetric Microfluidic Devices and Mobile Phone Camera Readers for the Classroom

We have developed a simple and direct method to fabricate paper-based microfluidic devices that can be used for a wide range of colorimetric assay applications. With these devices, assays can be performed within minutes to allow for quantitative colorimetric analysis by use of a widely accessible iPhone camera and an RGB color reader application (app) to measure color intensity. In the described laboratory experiment, students design and create their own microfluidic devices with common laboratory supplies such as Kimwipes, Parafilm, and a thermal laminator, and gain hands-on experience in the analysis of Fe2+ and Cu2+ by colorimetric determination.
What's that Buzz?: Mosquitoes and Fruit Flies Commingle

this or that…’. Three recent reports illustrate a remarkable convergence of mosquito and fruit fly research. In the first, a mosquito is made more like the fruit fly; in the second, the fruit fly is made more like the mosquito; and with the third, we see an example of how research can be advanced by using genetic analyses in both groups of organisms. A goal of some researchers working with population replacement is to produce mosquitoes that carry genes conferring resistance to a specific parasite. The hypothesis driving these efforts is that the introduction of a disease-resistance gene into a population of mosquitoes should lead to a decrease in pathogen transmission to humans and fewer deaths. The hypothesis continues to be the subject of debate, while providing a driving force for much of the current work on mosquito molecular genetics2. One of the goals of researchers working with this hypothesis was to develop stable transformation technology for mosquitoes. Transformation has revolutionized Drosophila genetics, allowing great advances in the understanding of the control of gene expression and how this affects many basic biological events. Applied to mosquitoes, this technology will permit the introduction of genes conferring resistance to disease
THE RÔLE OF SEDGES IN SOME COLORADO PLANT COMMUNITIES

Every botanist is well aware of the large part taken by sedges in the vegetation of lake shores and swampy areas. For the eastern United States the species involved are well known, as also their relative importance in different stages of succession. Sedges of lake shores in the Rocky Mountains have been referred to by Clements (i), Ramaley and Robbins (7), Ramaley (4), and Robbins (9). In the present paper additional facts are given as to sedges of pondsides together with a series of observations on sedges of mesophytic and xerophytic habitats. This paper is based upon studies carried on largely from the University of Colorado Mountain Laboratory at Tolland, Colorado. Statements in the paper apply chiefly to the northern part of the state and to the mountain districts rather than to the plains. All species mentioned are well-known constituents of the Colorado flora. The nomenclature employed is that of Rydberg's "Flora of the Rocky Mountains and the Adjacent Plains" (New York, I9I7). The various life zones are given the following names in accordance with customary usage: Plains, Foothill, Montane, Subalpine, Alpine (4). Sedges exist chiefly in primitive communities or unstable situations. An area in a region that is climatically mesophytic becomes eventually either forest or grassland in which sedges have a very small place. So also, a climatically xerophytic area grows poor in sedges as the ultimate type of vegetation appears. Most sedges are aquatics or marsh plants or else they are xerophytes. Only a few are true mesophytes, and even these are likely to become crowded out by grasses and herbaceous dicotyledons in a meadow which has developed from marsh. Meadow or prairie of xerarch origin is also typically without sedges, the xerophytic sedges of more primitive stages disappearing before the meadow stage is reached. In the following systematic account the various genera of Cyperaceae are briefly considered, but chief attention is given to Carex.
RAS unplugged: Negative feedback and oncogene-induced senescence

Many normal cells respond to certain stresses, such as oncogene activation, by undergoing a permanent form of growth arrest known as senescence, an intrinsic tumor suppressor program. The predominant view has been that senescence is caused in some settings through a mutant oncogene's ability to induce activation of high levels of sustained MAP kinase and PI3 kinase signaling. A new study in this issue of Cancer Cell has challenged this model with the surprising finding that aberrant activation of the RAS/RAF pathway can induce a negative feedback loop that globally attenuates MAPK and PI3K signaling and that the reduction of signaling in these pathways is required for senescence.
B decays and models for CP violation.

The decay modes {ital B} to {pi}{pi}, {psi}{ital K}{sub {ital S}}, {ital K}{sup {minus}}{ital D}, {pi}{ital K}, and {eta}{ital K} are promising channels to study the unitarity triangle of the {ital CP}-violating Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. In this paper I study the consequences of these measurements in the Weinberg model. I show that using the same set of measurements, the following different mechanisms for {ital CP} violation can be distinguished: (1) {ital CP} is violated in the CKM sector only; (2) {ital CP} is violated spontaneously in the Higgs sector only; and (3) {ital CP} is violated in both the CKM and Higgs sectors. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Jumping egg model

A hard cooked egg spun on its side can rise to stand on its long axis. This familiar kitchen trick has been well analyzed [1]. Besides simply standing up, however, an egg spun at sufficiently high speed can make a series of hops up off the table surface as it rises. This strange effect was predicted only recently by a team of theoretical physicists [2, 3]. A research group confirmed those predictions using an apparatus that spins an aluminum spheroid [4, 5].The above references treat egg jumping in great mathematical detail. This paper by contrast addresses it from a qualitative aspect, attempting to explain it in physical terms. We show that jumping occurs because the start-up transient triggers a growing oscillation in a nodding loop rendered unstable by "friction hogging."We describe the egg spinning apparatus and its computer simulation equivalent, Egg9.gm. The model is written in the ACSL/GM programming language using the writer's modeling routines. It includes 3D animation showing the egg, the key coordinate frames, and the force, angular velocity, and momentum vectors.This paper illustrates how animated simulation can provide insights into complex six-degree-of-freedom body motions not achievable by other means.
Clocking Challenges in High Speed Source Synchronous Interfaces

The challenges in clocking high speed interfaces such as the communication between multi micro-processor systems or the communication between micro-processor and off-chip memory was introduced by our need for high data rate with low bit-error-rates (BER). Minimization of clock jitter is one of the main challenges in making the high data rate links work. There are a series of issues affecting clock jitter that must be brought to adequate levels in order for a particular data rate communication with a desired BER to be successful. The main noise sources affecting clock jitter can be grouped into two main categories. The first category would be the noise sources that are random in nature, such as the MOS device thermal and flicker noise. These sources generally affect the clock generation circuits such as phase locked loops (PLL). Naturally, the second category would contain noise sources and effects causing clock jitter that are more deterministic. In this category we would generally put the effects on the clock jitter caused by the power supply noise, PLL charge pump (CP) feed-through, and off-chip channel effects
Aluminum is a weak agonist for the calcium-sensing receptor.

Aluminum is a weak agonist for the calcium-sensing receptor. Background Aluminum (Al 3+ ) has diverse biological effects mediated through activation of a putative extracellular cation-sensing receptor. A recently identified calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which has been identified in target tissues for Al 3+ , may transduce some of the biological effects of Al 3+ . Methods To test this possibility, we transfected human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells with a cDNA encoding the rat CaSR and evaluated CaSR expression by Western blot analysis and function by measurement of intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) levels and inositol monophosphate (IP1) generation following stimulation with Al 3+ and a panel of CaSR agonists. Results The CaSR protein was detected by immunoblot analysis in cells transfected with the CaSR cDNA but not in nontransfected HEK 293 cells. In addition, [Ca 2+ ] i levels and IP1 generation were enhanced in a dose-dependent fashion by additions of the CaSR agonists calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), gadolinium (Gd 3+ ), and neomycin only in cells transfected with CaSR. To determine if Al 3+ activated CaSR, we stimulated cells transfected with rat CaSR with 10 μ m to 1 m m concentrations of Al 3+ . Concentrations of Al 3+ in the range of 10 μ m to 100 μ m had no effect on [Ca 2+ ] i levels or IP1 generation. In contrast, 1 m m Al 3+ induced small but significant increases in both parameters. Whereas Gd 3+ antagonized calcium-mediated activation of CaSR, pretreatment with Al 3+ failed to block subsequent activation of rat CaSR by Ca 2+ , suggesting a distinct mechanism of Al 3+ action. Conclusion Al 3+ is not a potent agonist for CaSR. Because Al 3+ affects a variety of target tissues at micromolar concentrations, it seems unlikely that CaSR mediates these cellular actions of Al 3+ .
Influence of feeding chlorocholine chloride and glyphosine on selected immune parameters in deer mice, peromycscus maniculatus

Exposure to the plant growth regulators, chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and glyphosine (GPS), resulted in significant immunomodulatory effects after feeding to deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) for 28 days. Cyclophosphamide (CP) and saline controls were included. Both CCC and GPS feeding levels were equivalent to 1, 10, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg mouse/day. The parameters assessed were: spleen plaque forming cell (PFC) assays, hemolysin titers, white blood cell counts, bone marrow cellularity, hematocrits, plasma proteins, and spleen, liver, kidney, thymus and body weights. GPS significantly raised the ratio of liver/body wt, lymphocytes/g of spleen (at high doses only) and hemolysin titers (at low doses only). Lymphocyte viability was significantly reduced, while WBC counts and plasma protein levels were moderately lowered. CCC significantly reduced plasma proteins, PFCs/g of spleen, lymphocyte viability and hemolysin titers. It also affected thymus weights, WBC counts, lymphocytes/g of spleen and PFCs/10(6) lymphocytes. Most of the effects for both compounds followed a typical dose-response curve, but GPS gave a bimodal response in certain tests. The results demonstrate that CCC and GPS can act as immunomodulatory agents and show the feasibility of using deer mice for immunotoxicity studies of environmental contaminants and agricultural chemicals.
One Dimensionally Alligned Decay Mode Solutions of the Two Dimensional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation

It is shown that the arbitrary solutions of the 1-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation can be transformed to the special class of solutions (1-dimensionally aligned and decaying in time) of the 2-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation.
Spatial Metaphor and Real Estate: North–South Location Biases Housing Preference

Metaphors are used to help people understand abstract concepts in terms of perceptual experiences (e.g., “feeling high” or “feeling down”). A consequence of this strategy is that metaphor can bias perception and decision making. For example, consistent with metaphors for affect and spatial perception (up = good, down = bad), people more readily identify positive things when high in location. North and south are abstract concepts, which are also tied by metaphor to spatial perception (north = up, south = down). Based on this, the authors hypothesized that, by virtue of a shared mapping with up and down, north and south may have affective associations (north = good, south = bad) that bias decisions related to housing in terms of location preference and expectations of where others live. The authors found convergent support for this hypothesis across four studies using correlational (Studies 1 and 2) and experimental (Studies 3 and 4) data.
Development of a Log-Time Integration Method for Reactive Flows

In reactive flow simulations integration of the stiff species transport equations consumes most of the computational time. Another important aspect of combustion simulation is the need to simulate at least tens of species in order to accurately predict emissions and the related combustion dynamics. Small time scales and systems with tens of species lead to very high computational costs. Classic integration methods such as Euler method are restricted by the smallest characteristic time scale, and explicit Runge-Kutta methods require intermediate predictor corrector steps which make the problem computationally expensive. On the other hand, implicit methods are also computationally expensive due the calculation of the Jacobian. This work presents a strategy to significantly reduce computational time for integration of species transport equations using a new explicit integration scheme called Log-Time Integration Method (LTIM). LTIM is fairly robust and can compete with methods such as the 5th order Runge-Kutta method. Results showed that LTIM applied to the solution of a zero dimensional reactive system which consists of 4 chemical species obtains the solution around 4 times faster than 5th order Runge-Kutta method. LTIM was also applied to the solution of a one dimensional methane-air flame. The chemical reactions were modeled using a reduced chemical mechanism ARM9 that consists of 9 chemical species and 5 global reactions. The solution was carried out for 9 species transport equations along with the energy equation. Governing equations were decoupled into flow and chemical parts and were solved separately using a split formulation. Thermodynamic properties were obtained using NASA format polynomials and transport properties using kinetic-theory formulation. It is shown that the new one dimensional flame code is able to calculate the adiabatic flame temperature of the system and corresponding flame speed for the methane-air flame thus validating its robustness and accuracy.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Subcellular alterations in cyclic AMP-binding and protein kinase activities during ontogeny in the rat cerebellum.

Abstract Ontogenic relationships between levels of cyclic AMP-binding activity and protein kinase activity were examined in subcellular fractions of the cerebellum during the first 3 weeks of neonatal life. A progressive increase in cyclic AMP levels was paralleled by an increase in cyclic AMP bindign by the nuclear and cytosol fractions, but not by the mitochondrial or microsomal fractions. Utilization of heat-stable protein kinase inhibitor permtited distinction of the cyclic AMP-dependent from the cyclic AMP-independent form of the protein kinase population. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase increased between days 4 and 20 to represent a progressively greater proportion of the protein kinase population. In all subcellular fractions alterations of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase during neonatal development paralleled changes in binding of cyclic AMP to protein in these fractions. In both the nuclear and cytosol fractions cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity increased progressively between days 4 and 20, i.e. 64 ± 6 to 176 ± 16 and 79 ± 12 to 340 ± 12 pmol/min per mg protein, respectively. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the mitochondrial fraction declined during the postnatal period studied, and in the microsomal fraction it rose to a non-sustained peak at 14 days and fell thereafter. Unlike the cyclic AMP-dependent form, cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase activity did not follow the ontogenetic pattern of cyclic AMP-binding activity. The specific activity of nuclear cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase did not change during days 4–20, and a non-sustained rise of cyclic AMP-independent protein kinase activity in both cytosol and microsomal fractions during the 7th–12th day tended to parallel more closely known patterns of postnatal proliferative growth. The findings reported herein indicate that the ontogenic pattern of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase varies between different subcellular fractions of the neonatal cerebellum, that these patterns parallel the changes in cyclic AMP-bidign activity, and suggest that the component parts of the cyclic AMP system may develop as a functional unit.
Growth Stage Influenced Sorghum Response to Broadcast Flaming: Effects on Yield and Its Components

There is an increasing interest among organic producers to grow grain sorghum [Sorgbum bicolor (L.) Moench] under organic crop production systems and propane flaming could be part of an integrated weed management program. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the response of sorghum to broadcast flaming as influenced by propane dose and crop growth stage. Field experiments were conducted at the Haskell Agricultural Laboratory of the University of Nebraska, Concord, NE in 2008 and 2009 using five propane doses applied at three growth stages that included 3-leaf (V3), 5-leaf (V5), and 7-leaf (V7). The propane doses evaluated were 0, 13, 24, 44, and 85 kg ha -1 and were applied using a custom-built (ATV mounted) research flamer driven at a constant speed of 6.4 km h -1 . Crop response to propane doses was described by using log-logistic models on the basis of visual estimates of crop injury, various yield components (plants m -2 , heads plant -1 , kernels head -1 , and 1000-kernel weight), and grain yield. Sorghum response to flaming varied among crop growth stages and propane doses. Based on the evaluated parameters, sorghum flamed at V5 and V7stages showed higher tolerance compared to V3 stage. The maximum yield reductions with the highest propane dose of 85 kg ha -1 were 11, 6, and 9% for V3, V5, and V7 stages, respectively. In addition, propane doses that resulted in a 5% yield loss were 13, 72, and 46 kg ha -1 for V3, V5, and V7 stages, respectively, indicating that plants flamed at V5 or V7 stage can tolerate higher dose of propane for the same yield reduction compared to V3 stage. Flaming has a potential to be used effectively in organic sorghum production ifproperly used.
Interval estimation of the marginal probability of success for the beta-binomial distribution

Correlated binomial outcomes occur in many areas such as teratology and marketing. We study the problem of confidence interval estimation of the common marginal probability of success for correlated binary observations, focusing on the beta-binomial model. New conservative small sample confidence intervals are proposed for this problem based on extensions of the Tail and Sterne–Crow intervals for independent binomial responses. Some properties of these intervals are derived, comparisons with previously proposed methods are given, and recommendations regarding their use are made.
EXPERIMENTAL ANAPLASMOSIS IN MULE DEER: PERSISTENCE OF INFECTION OF ANAPLASMA MARGINALE AND SUSCEPTIBILITY TO A. OVIS

An experimental Anaplasma marginale infection was induced in a splenectomized mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) which persisted subclinically at least 376 days as detected by subinoculation into susceptible cattle. Anaplasma ovis was experimentally transmitted from sheep to a splenectomized and a spleen-intact mule deer, and back to sheep. The pathogenesis in deer was very similar to that seen in sheep using ovine blood inoculations.
Discovery of the century

Wrinkles in Time. By George Smoot and Keay Davidson. Little, Brown: 1993. Pp. 321. & pound;18.99.Ripples in the Cosmos. By Michael Rowan-Robinson. Freeman: 1993. Pp. 224. & pound;16.99, & dollar;22.45.Afterglow of Creation. By Marcus Chown. Arrow: 1993. Pp. 171. & pound;5.99.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists and hypertension: is there a rationale?

Accumulating evidence indicates that aldosterone is involved in cardiovascular disease by inducing inflammation in the presence of moderate amounts of salt in the diet. Spironolactone and eplerenone are the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonists currently available for the treatment of hypertension. They have similar safety and antihypertensive efficacy. The advantage of eplerenone is the lower incidence of antiandrogenic and progestational side effects. The rationale for using MR blockade in the treatment of hypertension is threefold: the evidence of antihypertensive efficacy, the phenomenon of "aldosterone escape" occurring with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and angiotensin-receptor blockade therapy, and the compelling evidence that MR antagonism reduces target-organ damage in hypertensive patients and improves survival in patients with cardiovascular disease. Thus, blockade of the MR may be very useful in many patients with hypertension, particularly those at risk for or having evidence of target-organ damage.
External excitatory stimuli can terminate bursting in neural network models.

Abstract The concept of modulating or terminating seizure activity by brain stimulation is attracting considerable attention. The ability of such external excitatory stimuli to terminate repetitive bursting may depend upon identifiable parameters. We investigate the ability of external stimuli to terminate bursting under various conditions in defined neural network models. Networks of multiple neurons ( n =90), with both inhibitory and excitatory synaptic connections were modeled using conductance-based models with a reduced number of variables. Each neuron in the network has synaptic connections from randomly chosen excitatory and inhibitory neurons. The type and number of connections were kept constant. The initial parameters of the networks were chosen to simulate synchronized repetitive bursting activity. Two basic models of repetitive bursting activity were developed. The first model is a single network with constant random excitatory input, the second incorporates two networks with no random background input, but with a feedback loop with a delay of 600–900ms connecting two networks. The ability of external excitatory stimuli to terminate repetitive bursting in each model was studied. External excitatory stimulation terminates repetitive bursting in both models; however, only in the models with a feedback loop, is the burst termination long-lasting. In the single network model with constant random excitatory input, termination is of short duration and recurrent bursting resumes. Timing of the application of the stimulus to the dual network model is critical; long-lasting termination occurs only when the stimuli to the first network are during a time when the connected network is still relatively refractory. The delay in the loop determines the exact timing of the stimulus. Synaptic inhibition is not required for burst termination. Neural network models provide systems for the study of burst termination and can help define the requirements for such stimuli to successfully terminate bursts. Studies in these models can guide the development and application of such stimuli in intact systems.
Magnified penile surface scanning in diagnosis of penile condyloma

To determine the incidence of penile condyloma in a group of high risk males, we have performed magnified penile surface scanning and biopsy of suspicious lesions in 51 men. All men were partners of women with proven condyloma. Of these men, 45 were found to have histologic evidence of condyloma, only 8 of which were grossly visible.
Supercritical fluid extraction of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria tormentosa

Supercritical fluid extraction of oxindole alkaloids from Uncaria Tormentosa is described. The extraction was performed with supercritical carbon dioxide alone and with supercritical carbon dioxide modified with 10% metanol, and the extracts were analyzed by GC/MS and HPLC/MS.
Implications of a metal-bearing chemical boundary layer in D″ for mantle dynamics

At lower mantle conditions, the thermal conductivity of non-metallic crystals is an order of magnitude lower than that of dense metallic minerals such as FeO, FeSi and Fe, which may be present in a chemical boundary layer at the base of the mantle. Because the core-mantle boundary is nearly isothermal, variations in the thickness of a metal-bearing layer induce lateral temperature variations of several hundred kelvin, which in turn affect the pattern of mantle convection. Upwellings should occur where the layer is thickest; the resulting stability of the metal + silicate layer with respect to the flow may also stabilize the pattern of mantle convection, and reduce its time-dependence.
Distribution of Polymorphus minutus among its intermediate hosts

Abstract Hirsch R. P. 1979. Distribution of Polymorphus minutus among its intermediate hosts. International journal for Parasitology 10 : 243–248. In 1971, Crofton investigated patterns of distribution of Polymorphus minutus in the intermediate host, Gammarus pulex . Among his conclusions were: (1) P. minutus populations occur in patterns similar to negative binomial distributions, and (2) parasite-induced host mortality results in patterns similar to truncated (high end) negative binomial distributions. Those conclusions, however, were not tested by statistical analyses. To test Crofton's observations, Chi-square goodness of fit tests were applied to data used by Crofton and an additional two stations sampled by Hynes & Nicholas in 1963. Analyses were expanded to include five theoretical distributions, four patterns of host mortality and various rates of host mortality. Truncated forms of negative binomial, positive binomial and Poisson distributions were also investigated where nontruncated distributions failed to fit observed distributions. It was found that negative binomial distributions most frequently describe patterns of P. minutus distribution with the exception of one population described by Poisson and another by positive binomial distributions. Crofton's assumption that truncated distributions result from parasite-induced host mortality seems unlikely in light of those analyses.
On the quasi-splitting of exact sequences

Perhaps the most significant difference between the theories of torsion and torsion-free abelian groups is the large number of splitting results in the former, and the lack of such in the latter. For instance, Szele’s theorem [F, Vol. 1, Proposition 27.11 has no obvious equivalent in the theory of torsion-free abelian groups, although it is one of the widely used results in the discussion of torsion and mixed groups: Let B g QJI Z/p’7 be a subgroup of an abelian group G. Then B is a direct summand of G if and only if B np”G = 0. The author was able to extend Szele’s theorem to valuated p-groups in [A2, Satz 6.81 using methods similar to those which proved useful in the discussion of Baer’s lemma in [AL], [A3], [A4]. It is the goal of this paper to prove a result which can be considered the equivalent of Szele’s theorem in the quasi-category of torsion-free abelian groups. Before we can describe the result, it is necessary to introduce some notation. We consider an abelian group A. The class of A-projective groups of finite A-rank is obtained by closing {A} with respect to direct summands and finite direct sums. If G is an abelian group, then the A-radical of G, which is denoted by R,(G), is R,(G) = n {ker 41 #E Hom(G, A)). Finally, consider modules B and C over a ring R. A homomorphism ~1: B + C quasi-splits if there are a non-zero integer n and a map /3~Hom,(C, B) with /?cr=n.id,, where id, denotes the identity map on B. If the additive group of B is torsion-free, then a quasi-splitting homomorphism is one-to-one [Jl, 52, Re]. We say that an abelian group A has the radical-splitting property if every exact sequence 0 + PA G of torsion-free abelian groups, in which P is a quasi-summand of an A-projective group of finite A-rank and u(P) n R,(G) = 0, quasi-splits. Szele’s original result guarantees the splitting of the sequence in the case in which A z Z/p’7 for some n < w. Moreover, if A z Z/p”Z, then R,(G) = p”G. Theorem 3.1 of this paper establishes that every strongly indecomposable group of finite rank has the
A Path Integral for Spin

A path integral for spinning particles is developed. It is a one-particle theory, equivalent to the usual quantum mechanics. Our method employs a classical model for spin which is quantized by path integration. The model, the spherical top, is a natural one from a group-theoretic point of view and has been used before in a similar context. The curvature and multiple connectedness of the top coordinate space [$\mathrm{SO}(3)$] provide some interesting features in the sum over paths. The Green's function which results from this procedure propagates all spins, and recovery of the usual Pauli spinors from this formalism is achieved by projection to a specific spin subspace.
Can adolescents predict significant life events

We examine whether adolescents' probability judgments for significant life events are predictive and accurate. We find significant correlations with actual experiences, reported on successive waves of a national survey. Mean probability judgments approximated observed outcome rates, or were optimistic, except that adolescents greatly overestimated their probability of dying prematurely.
Viral-specific thymidine kinase in sensory ganglia of mice infected with herpes simplex virus.

Abstract Dorsal root ganglia (DRG) from herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected mice were assayed for thymidine kinase (TK) activity at various times after infection. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed two peaks of activity with Rf values ranging from 0.18 to 0.24 (peak I) and 0.40 to 0.46 (peak II). In contrast, DRG from uninfected animals showed only one peak of enzyme activity with an Rf of 0.23. Incubation of infected DRG extracts with anti-HSV γ-globulin eliminated the TK activity in peak II but had no effect on the TK activity in peak I or on the TK activity found in DRG extracts from vaccinia-infected mice. The demonstration that infectious virus could be recovered from cell-free ganglionic homogenates for only 14 days, while HSV-specific TK (peak II) could be detected for up to 60 days, suggests that at least a portion of the viral genome is being continually or intermittently expressed during the chronic phase of the infection.
Response of populations of Chironomus californicus to a Microsporidian (Gurleya sp.).

Abstract Various stages of the aquatic midge Chironomus californicus were found infected with Gurleya sp. (Microsporidia). Field studies of midge populations in three semipermanent ponds showed that the pathogen annihilated the host within 3 weeks after diseased larvae were noted. Heavily infected larvae were diagnosed by the presence of large white abdominal swellings. The anatomical site of infection was the fat body. Field observations and laboratory tests showed that this pathogen is highly virulent and apparently is specific for C. californicus .
PROTEIN QUALITY OF PROCESSED WHOLE KERNEL GLANDLESS COTTONSEED

Protein quality of raw, cooked and roasted glandless whole kernal cottonseed flour was determined. The adjusted protein efficiency ratio (PER) of cooked (2.10) cottonseed was significantly (P = 0.01) higher than roasted (1.77) cottonseed. Protein retention efficiency (PRE) for roasted cottonseed (58.08) was lower than values for raw (60.54) and cooked (62.95) cottonseed. Relative protein values (RPV) indicated a utlization of 91, 91 and 96% of the protein in raw, roasted and cooked cottonseed, respectively. Cooked glandless cottonseed protein quality was superior to that of raw cottonseed. The roasting process adversely affected protein quality. Supplementation of roasted cottonseed with 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% L-lysine indicated a peak PER response at 0.45%. The adverse effect of roasting on the protein quality of cottonseed was overcome by addition of L-lysine which made the protein quality of roasted cottonseed comparable to that of cooked cottonseed.
Mode-locked solid state laser sources for optical coherence tomography

A high speed technique for performing 'optical biopsies,' or optical diagnostic imaging of in vivo tissue architectural morphology, would greatly enhance the diagnosis and clinical management of many diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a novel optical imaging technique that uses low coherence interferometry to obtain micron scale, cross- sectional images of biological systems. OCT was initially applied in ophthalmology to provide high resolution, cross sectional, tomographic images of the transparent structures in the eye and clinical studies show that OCT has considerable promise for the diagnosis of a wide range of retinal macular diseases. OCT imaging in other human tissues is more difficult due to optical scattering. However, recent in vitro studies have shown that OCT can image architectural morphology in highly optically scattering tissues. One of the key technological issues for OCT in optical biopsy is the development of low coherence laser sources. Essential attributes of a clinically viable light source for OCT include high single-transverse-mode power, short coherence length, and a central wavelength optimal for deep penetration within human tissue. Passively mode locked solid state lasers based on Ti:Al2O3 and Cr:Mg2SiO4 are capable of providing hundreds of milliwatts of single-transverse mode light with coherence lengths as short as 1.8 microns. We present recent developments in the optimization of mode locked solid state lasers for application to OCT and demonstrate the resulting capability to enable fast acquisition of high resolution tomographic images.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.