cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors contributing to carbon fluxes from bioenergy harvests in the U.S. Northeast: an analysis using field data

With growing interest in wood bioenergy there is uncertainty over greenhouse gas emissions associated with offsetting fossil fuels. Although quantifying postharvest carbon (C) fluxes will require accurate data, relatively few studies have evaluated these using field data from actual bioenergy harvests. We assessed C reductions and net fluxes immediately postharvest from whole-tree harvests (WTH), bioenergy harvests without WTH, and nonbioenergy harvests at 35 sites across the northeastern United States. We compared the aboveground forest C in harvested with paired unharvested sites, and analyzed the C transferred to wood products and C emissions from energy generation from harvested sites, including indirect emissions from harvesting, transporting, and processing. All harvests reduced live tree C; however, only bioenergy harvests using WTH significantly reduced C stored in snags (P < 0.01). On average, WTH sites also decreased downed coarse woody debris C while the other harvest types showed increases, although these results were not statistically significant. Bioenergy harvests using WTH generated fewer wood products and resulted in more emissions released from bioenergy than the other two types of harvests, which resulted in a greater net flux of C (P < 0.01). A Classification and Regression Tree analysis determined that it was not the type of harvest or amount of bioenergy generated, but rather the type of skidding machinery and specifics of silvicultural treatment that had the largest impact on net C flux. Although additional research is needed to determine the impact of bioenergy harvesting over multiple rotations and at landscape scales, we conclude that operational factors often associated with WTH may result in an overall intensification of C fluxes. The intensification of bioenergy harvests, and subsequent C emissions, that result from these operational factors could be reduced if operators select smaller equipment and leave a portion of tree tops on site.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Upregulates Interleukin-4 Receptors on Murine Sarcoma Cells

We have previously shown that murine solid tumor cells express high affinity IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) which are internalized after binding to ligand. In the present study, we have examined the regulation of IL-4R by TNF. We demonstrate that TNF upregulated the expression of IL-4R on murine MCA-106 sarcoma cells. Maximum upregulation of IL-4R surface expression occurred after 24 h, whereas, maximum elevation in IL-4R mRNA levels was observed after only 4 hours of TNF treatment. This increase in mRNA levels for IL-4R occurred in a dose dependent manner. As little as 0.83 ng/ml of TNF significantly upregulated mRNA levels, whereas maximum effect was obtained with 83 ng/ml TNF. IL-4 receptor density was increased in response to TNF, no effect on IL-4R affinity was observed. Cycloheximide and Actinomycin D treatment decreased the surface expression of IL-4R by 50% in about 2 h and 7 h, respectively, in both TNF treated and untreated cells indicating the half life for the IL-4R protein expression. These studies may help understand the mechanism of cytokine interaction on tumor cells.
The influence of protein binding on in vivo effectiveness of antimicrobial agents

Abstract Clearly, there is ample evidence for the importance of protein binding on the in vivo effectiveness of antimicrobial agents. Although protein binding may have a minimal influence on activity for bacteria that are exquisitely sensitive, it can become a limiting factor when dealing with moderate or marginally sensitive organisms. Protein binding also can limit the rate of penetration of antibiotics into extracellular fluids and tissues. Future studies should be focusing on the correlation of efficacy with area under the curve of free antibiotic as suggested by Barriere et al. This could be facilitated by the recent work by Leggett et al on the use of serum ultrafiltrates. It is in this manner that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antimicrobial agents can best be correlated with clinical outcome.
Spontaneous fission half lives of 254Cf, 255Fm, and 250Cf☆

Abstract The remeasured spontaneous-fission half-life of 254Cf is 60·5 ± 0·2 days. The spontaneous-fission half-life of 255Fm is determined to be (0.1+0.6−0.3 × 104 years. The remeasured alpha-to-fission ratio in the decay of 250Cf is (1330 ± 45). The remeasured eletron-capture/β-decay branching ratio in 254mEs is (0·078 ± 0·006) per cent.
Recombinant erythropoietin (Epogen) improves cardiac exercise performance in children with end-stage renal disease

To determine the effects of anemia in children with end-stage renal disease, we studied cardiac performance before and 1 and 6 months after recombinant erythropoietin (Epogen). Children with end-stage renal disease were included if they had significant anemia [hematocrit (Hct)<30%]. Epogen 50 U/kg was given subcutaneously or intravenously three times per week until the Hct was ≥33%. Echocardiography, cardiac output (acetylene rebreathing), and treadmill (modified Bruce) tests were performed. Boys (9) and girls (9), 11.9±5.6 years, were given Epogen and the Hct increased (from 21.7±2.7% to 33.4±2.1%,P=0.001). Heart rate decreased (P=0.04) and stroke volume did not change. Blood pressure did not change. Cardiac thickness, chamber dimensions, left ventricular wall stress, velocity of circumferential fiber shortening, and indices of diastolic function were normal and did not change after Epogen. Exercise time increased (from 10.3±1.9 to 11.2±1.9 min,P=0.01) after 1 month of Epogen. Resting oxygen consumption (VO2) decreased (from 7.8±1.8 to 6.9±1.4 ml/min per kg,P=0.01) 1 month after Epogen and peak exercise VO2 did not change after Epogen. There were no differences in exercise tests between the 1 and 6 month measurements. Exercise tolerance improves after the short-term correction of anemia and there is no further improvement after long-term correction.
Experimental designs for investigating conditioning

A series of possible classical conditioning experiments is suggested, based on a scheme for basing experiments on the origin and delivery modes of conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. Many of the experimental structures recommended are either rare or have never been performed, and should lead to a better understanding of psychophysiological phenomena and perhaps give insight into the extent to which autogenous techniques may enable conscious monitoring and/or control of processes normally considered involuntary.
Patterns of Institutional Relations in the Welfare State: Public Mandates and the Nonprofit Sector

Patterns of institutional relations in the American welfare state are shaped by two major driving forces in American society: (1) the execution of public mandates with its dependency on nonprofit and other nongovernmental service providers, and (2) by the intrusion and dominance of the American capitalist system. These two driving forces combine to produce four patterns of nonprofit-public interactions: Cooperation, characterized by public sector dependence on the nonprofit sector and the absence of a strong proprietary sector; Accommodation, characterized by public sector dependence on the nonprofit sector and the presence of a strong proprietary sector; Competition, characterized by the absence of a strong proprietary sector and the absence of public sector dependence on nonprofit service providers; and Sym biosis, characterized by absence of public sector dependence on nonprofit service providers and the presence of strong proprietary actors. The theoretical model is derived from an examination of publ...
How safe and effective is a nitinol self-expanding metallic stent for palliation of malignant colonic obstruction?

How safe and effective is a nitinol self-expanding metallic stent for palliation of malignant colonic obstruction?
How Students and Teachers View the Seriousness of Peer Harassment: When Is It Appropriate to Seek Help?

When schoolchildren are harassed by peers, it sometimes is necessary to seek help from a teacher. However, students and teachers may have a different sense of when it is necessary. The authors investigated students' perceptions of harassment and help seeking, examining whether students' perceptions are related to popularity and whether perceptions of students and teachers differ. Fourth- and 5th-grade students (classified as popular, average, or unpopular) and teachers were interviewed about different types of harassment. Unpopular children perceived teasing more seriously than teachers and other children; in fact, they said that teasing is as serious as threats and physical aggression. Children often are reluctant to seek help because they believe that doing so will not resolve and may exacerbate the situation; unpopular children in particular fear retribution from the perpetrator. Findings suggest that unpopular children are at risk when teachers do not share their sensitivity regarding danger and the need for help.
Longitudinal Asymmetry of the Jovian Magnetosphere and the Periodic Escape of Energetic Particles

An earlier model of the Jovian magnetosphere is utilized in which the centrifugal stress of corotating plasma distends the outer magnetosphere and opens the tail field. Because of a longitudinal asymmetry in the ionospheric plasma source strength, caused principally by the nonaxisymmetric surface field, the closed-field region in the tail expands and contracts with the rotation period, resulting in a 10-hour modulation of the flux of energetic particles escaping from the magnetosphere into interplanetary space.
Extended monitoring in gastroenterology: capnography, monitoring depth of sedation, and computer-assisted propofol sedation

This chapter is concerned with "extended monitoring" and "advanced sedation" in gastroenterology. Topics discussed include capnography, monitoring depth of sedation, and computer-assisted propofol sedation. Although classical "hands-on" and "eyes-on" monitoring methods remain indispensable in monitoring patients undergoing gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopic procedures, some newer monitoring technologies are proving to be useful as well and are discussed. The chapter begins by examining the role that capnography plays in the respiratory monitoring of unintubated patients receiving sedation. Sample capnographic waveforms are provided and the results of recent GI capnographic studies are summarized. The discussion then switches to electronic processing of the electroencephalogram (EEG) as a means to estimate depth of sedation. Studies of processed EEG in the setting of GI endoscopy are also discussed. Finally, we discuss the use of computers to automate drug delivery for the purpose of providing sedation for GI endoscopic procedures.
Solar irradiance measurements from a research aircraft.

Solar constant and spectral irradiance curve for zero air mass obtained from aircraft measurements
Algorithms for mitigating terrain-scattered interference

This paper summarises a study of terrain-scattered interference (TSI) mitigation techniques, focusing on joint TSI mitigation and monostatic clutter nulling for airborne radars. It begins with an overview of TSI phenomenology and two-dimensional space-time adaptive processing (STAP) techniques for cancelling TSI. Two approaches for mitigating combined TSI and clutter are then examined. In the first approach, a sequence of two-dimensional adaptive filters is used. The first of these filters cancels TSI, while the second filter cancels monostatic clutter. In the second approach, a single, three-dimensional pre-Doppler STAP algorithm is used to cancel clutter and TSI simultaneously. Performance results for a representative system are shown to illustrate the trade-offs inherent in designing a mitigation approach.
σB contributes to Listeria monocytogenes invasion by controlling expression of inlA and inlB

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to invade non-phagocytic cells is important for development of a systemic listeriosis infection. The authors previously reported that a L. monocytogenes Delta sigB strain is defective in invasion into human intestinal epithelial cells, in part, due to decreased expression of a major invasion gene, inlA. To characterize additional invasion mechanisms under the control of sigmaB, mutants were generated carrying combinations of in-frame deletions in inlA, inlB and sigB. Quantitative assessment of bacterial invasion into the human enterocyte Caco-2 and hepatocyte HepG-2 cell lines demonstrated that sigmaB contributes to both InlA and InlB-mediated invasion of L. monocytogenes. Previous identification of the sigmaB-dependent P2(prfA) promoter upstream of the major virulence gene regulator, positive regulatory factor A (PrfA), suggested that the contributions of sigmaB to expression of various virulence genes, including inlA, could be at least partially mediated through PrfA. To test this hypothesis, relative invasion capabilities of Delta sigB and Delta prfA strains were compared. Exponential-phase cells of the Delta sigB and Delta prfA strains were similarly defective at invasion; however, stationary-phase Delta sigB cells were significantly less invasive than stationary-phase DeltaprfA cells, suggesting that the contributions of sigmaB to invasion extend beyond those mediated through PrfA in stationary-phase L. monocytogenes. TaqMan quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCRs further demonstrated that expression of inlA and inlB was greatly increased in a sigmaB-dependent manner in stationary-phase L. monocytogenes. Together, results from this study provide strong biological evidence of a critical role for sigmaB in L. monocytogenes invasion into non-phagocytic cells, primarily mediated through control of inlA and inlB expression.
Managing the unmanageable: Apollo, space age management and American social problems

Abstract There are numerous beliefs about the ability of the federal government to accomplish positive results in social transformation using space program management practices that have become a part of American culture. In the middle of the 1960s, NASA Administrator James E. Webb asked why, if the USA could accomplish Apollo, “can’t we do something for grandma with Medicare”?. This led to efforts by Webb and others at NASA to export the management practices that enabled the successful lunar landing program toward solving the myriad social problems taken up by the Johnson administration and its successors in the USA. The application of these ideas to city administration, public health, welfare programs, energy, and veterans’ affairs offers a case study in seeking to control what ultimately proved uncontrollable. The linkage of space policy and social policy may seem tenuous at first, but both celebrate the power of the federal government and the state system to affect in fundamental ways the lives of citizens. This article explores those linkages, the relationship between the authority of experts and political leaders, and the manner in which management practices successful at NASA may have been applied with varying success to other governmental organizations.
Optimal Purchase and Transportation Cost Lot Sizing for a Single Item

A review of the literature indicates that the traditional approach for evaluating quantity discount offerings for purchased items has not adequately considered the effect that transportation costs may have on the optimal order quantity; despite the general fact that purchased materials must bear transportation charges. The transportation cost structure for less-than-truckload (LTL) shipments reflects sizable reductions in freight rates when the shipment size exceeds one of the nominal rate breakpoints. However, the shipper must also be aware of the opportunity to reduce total freight costs by artificially inflating the actual shipping weight to the next rate breakpoint, in order that a lower marginal tariff is achieved for the entire shipment. Such over-declared shipments result in an effective freight rate schedule that is characterized by constant fixed charge segments in addition to the nominal marginal rates. Over-declared shipments are economical when the shipment volume is less than the rate breakpoint, but greater than a cost indifference point between the two adjacent marginal rates. This paper presents a simple analytical procedure for finding the order quantity that minimizes total purchase costs which reflect both transportation economies and quantity discounts. After first solving for the series of indifference points that apply to a particular freight rate schedule, a total purchase cost expression is presented that properly accounts for the actual transportation cost structure. The optimal purchase order quantity will be one of the four following possibilities: (1) the valid economic order quantity (EOQ), QC; (2) a purchase price breakpoint in excess of QC; (3) a transportation rate breakpoint in excess of QC; and (4) a modified EOQ which provides an over-declared shipment in excess of QC. Finally, an algorithm which systematically explores these four possibilities is presented and illustrated with a numerical example.
Influence of exogenous prostaglandin E2 and stress on circulating corticosterone concentrations in Coturnix.

Abstract The effects of exogenous prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) injections and stress on circulating corticosterone (B) levels in Coturnix were determined. Adult Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were subjected to one of four treatments: 1) injected with vehicle; 2) injected with PGE2; 3) immobilized for 10 min, followed by vehicle injection; or, 4) immobilized for 10 min, followed by PGE2 injection. Injections were given intraperitoneally, and blood samples were collected by cardiac stab at 15-min postinjection treatment. Plasma B concentrations were quantified by radioimmunoassay. Immobilized, vehicle injected quail had higher plasma B levels than unstressed, vehicle-injected quail. Plasma B levels were significantly greater in unstressed, PGE2-injected quail than in unstressed, vehicle injected quail or in stressed, vehicle injected quail. The effects of immobilization stress and PGE2 injection on B secretion were additive; stressed PGE2-injected quail had significantly higher plasma B levels than unstressed, PGE2-injected quail. It is concluded that, as in mammals, PGE2 is a potent stimulator of adrenal B release in quail.
Toxicity of High Dosages of Thiourea Alone and Thiourea Plus Colloidal Sulfur When Fed to Baby Chicks

Abstract BY VIRTUE of their recently established property of inhibiting the formation of hormone by the thyroid gland certain chemical compounds such as thiouracil and thiourea give promise of practical use in the fattening of poultry (Kempster and Turner, 1945), as well as other classes of livestock. It is obvious that any compound used for this purpose should show little or no toxicity when given in the amounts required to suppress the thyroid, and it would appear desirable also to establish the tolerance level for any compounds that might be used for this purpose. In the course of studies on the goitrogenic action of thiourea and thiouracil on the thyroid gland of the chick, reported by Mixner, Reineke and Turner (1942) there was an opportunity to observe the relative toxicity of these compounds when fed at various dosage levels. One-tenth percent of either compound in the ration produced maximum thyroid enlargement, . . .
Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis: a review of the literature.

Objective To perform a comprehensive review of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Data Sources A MEDLINE search was performed for the years 1975 to 2003 using the keywords Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis to identify relevant articles published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Study Selection All clinical studies that reported on 4 or more patients, review articles, and experimental studies that concerned disease mechanisms were selected and further analyzed. Clinical reports that included fewer than 4 patients were selected only if they were believed to carry a significant message about disease mechanism or therapy. Results Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis seem to be variants of the same disease with differing severities. A widely accepted consensus regarding diagnostic criteria and therapy does not exist at present. Despite the recent experimental studies, the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases remain unknown. Although progress in survival through early hospitalization in specialized burn units has been made, the prevalence of life-long disability from the ocular morbidity of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis has remained unchanged for the past 35 years. Further progress depends on modification of the acute phase of the disease rather than continuation of supportive care. The available published evidence indicates that a principal problem in the pathogenesis is immunologic and that immunomodulatory intervention with short-term, high-dose intravenous steroids or intravenous immunoglobulin holds the most promise for effective change in survival and long-term morbidity. Conclusions The results of this review call for a widely accepted consensus on diagnostic criteria for Stevens-Johnson and toxic epidermal necrolysis and multicenter collaboration in experimental studies and clinical trials that investigate disease mechanisms and novel therapeutic interventions, respectively.
Identification of Multi-Input Biological Systems

The Wiener theory of nonlinear system identification is extended to multi-input-output systems and experimentally applied. The experimental applicability of the method is discussed with regard to biological systems. It is shown that the method is well suited for the treatment of the idiosyncratic features of such systems: nonlinearities, short lifetimes of experimental preparations, and high noise content. A preliminary analysis is outlined, taking into account the characteristics of the system under study, which results in the determination of the parameters of the identifying experiment. An error analysis is made which can be used to increase the accuracy of the derived model within certain constraints. Several examples are given of the experimental application of the method to certain neural networks in a vertebrate retina (the catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, retina was used for these experiments). In addition to functional identification through white-noise stimulation, these same retinal neurons are identified morphologically through intracellular dye injection. The performance of the derived functional models, as compared to the physical system, is evaluated through a variety of tests and it is found to be very satisfactory.
Ion-interaction CZE: the presence of high concentrations of ion-pairing reagents demonstrates the complex mechanisms involved in peptide separations.

We have furthered our understanding of the separative mechanism of a novel CE approach, termed ion-interaction CZE (II-CZE), developed in our laboratory for the resolution of mixtures of cationic peptides. Thus, II-CZE and RP-HPLC were applied to the separation of peptides differing by a single amino acid substitution in 10- and 12-residue synthetic model peptide sequences. Substitutions differed by a wide range of properties or side-chain type (e.g., alkyl side-chains, polar side-chains, etc.) at the substitution site. When carried out in high concentrations (400 mM) of pentafluoropropionic acid (PFPA), II-CZE separated peptides in order of increasing hydrophobicity when the substituted side-chains were of a similar type; when II-CZE was applied to the mixtures of peptides with substitutions of side-chains that differed in the type of functional group, there was no longer a correlation of electrophoretic mobility in II-CZE with relative peptide hydrophobicity, suggesting that a third factor is involved in the separative mechanism beyond charge and hydrophobicity. Interestingly, the hydrophobic PFPA- anion is best for separating peptides that differ in hydrophobicity with hydrophobic side-chains but high concentrations of the hydrophilic H 2 PO 4 - anion are best when separating peptides that differ in polar side-chains relative to hydrophobic side-chains. We speculate that differential hydration/dehydration properties of various side-chains in the peptide and the hydration/dehydration properties of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic anions as well as the electrostatic attractions between the peptide and the anions in solution all play a critical role in these solution-based effects.
The history of copper cementation on iron — The world's first hydrometallurgical process from medieval China

Abstract ‘Cementation’ is an important unit process in hydrometallurgical engineering and is used to precipitate a metal from its solution onto another metal that is more electropositive. The precipitation of copper on iron from natural solution is a classical example of a relatively ancient art which has been applied successfully for centuries to produce copper on a commercial scale. The method applied to extraction of copper from mine water has been practiced in China since 1086 A.D., in the Northern Sung period (960–1126 A.D.). This occurrence is many centuries earlier than any in Europe and other places of the world. The early development of the process is thought to be a contribution by medieval Chinese alchemists. The results of a study on the historical development of copper cementation in China are presented in this paper.
1α,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Reduces c-Myc Expression, Inhibiting Proliferation and Causing G1 Accumulation in C4-2 Prostate Cancer Cells

There is an inverse correlation between exposure to sunlight (the major source of vitamin D) and the risk for prostate cancer, the most common noncutaneous cancer and second most common cause of death from cancer in American men. The active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2D3] acting through the vitamin D receptor decreases prostate cancer cell growth and invasiveness. The precise mechanisms by which 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibits growth in prostate cancer have not been fully elucidated. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 causes an accumulation in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in several prostate cancer cell lines. One potential target known to regulate the G0/G1 to S phase transition is c-Myc, a transcription factor whose overexpression is associated with a number of cancers including prostate cancer. We find that 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces c-Myc expression in multiple prostate epithelial cell lines, including C4-2 cells, an androgen-independent prostate cancer cell line. Reducing c-Myc expression to the levels observed after 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment resulted in a comparable decrease in proliferation and G1 accumulation demonstrating that down-regulation of c-Myc is a major component in the growth-inhibitory actions of 1,25(OH)2D3. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a 50% decrease in c-Myc mRNA but a much more extensive reduction in c-Myc protein. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased c-Myc stability by increasing the proportion of c-Myc phosphorylated on T58, a glycogen synthase kinase-3β site that serves as a signal for ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Thus, 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces both c-Myc mRNA levels and c-Myc protein stability to inhibit growth of prostate cancer cells.
Design of the CRISM cryogenic system and focal plane assembly isolation system

This Paper will discuss the design of a triple redundant cryogenically cooled and isolated Focal Plane Assembly (FPA) for the Compact Remote Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) instrument. The FPA is required to operate in the temperature range of 90 - 100K. The CRISM FPA isolation system was constructed from a ceramic fiber composite. The FPA was cooled by one of three cryocoolers individually connected to one of three diode heat pipes that were all connected to the FPA. The total heat load imposed by the isolation system was about 250 milliwatts at operating temperature. CRISM is expected to launch in August of 2005.
The case in point

Every reader of Serials Review knows the old truism that necessity is the mother of invention. Although I have been handling serials acquisitions, collection development, public service, and union listing for about a decade, I have never done serials cataloging. About a year ago, however, I was asked to do the journal cataloging for my library. Since twothirds of my library's budget is spent on journals, this was no small favor to ask. Sure I know a little bit about AACR2 and the MARC Serials Format. I even know how to use OCLC. But creating a serial record from scratch, that is something else entirely. I pulled out my outdated library school books on the subject and ordered several up-to-date ones. I placed orders for The CONSER Editing Guide and The Library of Congress Rule Interpretations. I asked for advice from acquaintances who are serials catalogers, and I bothered friends at NLM and NSDP with my first stab at original cataloging. But I still found that I lacked someone to consult about my "difficult problems." One day it occurred to me that I was not in this boat alone. Surely a great many librarians responsible for serials cataloging learn and apply the rules pretty much on their own. So, I thought, wouldn't it be nice if ALL of us had someone to turn to with our problems. Even catalogers who work in large cataloging departments might enjoy a forum in which to discuss problem titles. Being editor of a professional journal that deals with serials, I decided to do something about
Abstract 4858: Mutant p53 depletion: a possible mechanism of inhibition of human prostate cancer by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate.

Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) derived from cruciferous vegetables has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by induction of apoptosis. Previously, we demonstrated that PEITC can selectively deplete mutant p53, but not the wild type. However, whether p53, wild type or mutant, plays functional roles in PEITC-induced growth inhibition, remains unsettled. We hypothesize that the direct binding to mutant p53 by PEITC followed by conformational changes, subsequently leading to its depletion or/and restoration to the wild type may constitute a mechanism by which PEITC induces apoptosis. To determine whether PEITC can deplete mutant p53 in vivo and whether its depletion is correlated with tumor inhibition and apoptosis, in this xenograft model study BALB-C Nu/Nu mice carrying prostate tumor cells with either mutant (DU145) or wild type p53 (LNCap) were fed diets with and without PEITC (5 micromol per gram diet) for 8 weeks. Tumors were harvested at the end of bioassay for immunohistochemistry and immunoblot studies. Results showed that the tumor volumes of both LNCap and DU145 were significantly decreased in the PEITC-treated animals, compared with that on a diet without PEITC. The p53 level detected by immunoblot showed a moderate, yet significant, decrease in DU145 tumors, but not in LNCap tumors. Immunohistochemistry assays were carried out to examine the apoptotic markers, such as TUNEL, and anti-proliferation marker Ki67 in tumors from the PEITC-treated vs. untreated mice. This study provides the first in vivo evidence that mutant p53 can be depleted in tumors of mice fed PEITC-containing diet and its depletion seems to correlate with growth inhibition in the mutant p53 tumors. These findings suggest that mutant p53 maybe further investigated as a possible novel target for cancer chemoprevention and therapy by PEITC. (Supported by NCI grant CA100853) Citation Format: Lixin Mi, Thomas T.Y. Wang, Haiqiu Huang, Arnetta Fletcher, Lu Yu, Xiantao Wang, Fung-Lung Chung. Mutant p53 depletion: a possible mechanism of inhibition of human prostate cancer by dietary phenethyl isothiocyanate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4858. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4858
Blood Pressures in Experimental Hydronephrosis

Summary1. Mean blood pressures were recorded on dogs at bimonthly intervals as they developed chronic or progressive hydro-nephrosis. 2. The data indicate that dogs with only one kidney, in which a considerable portion of the renal tissue has been destroyed by intraureteral pressure resulting from partial constriction of the ureter, maintain a mean blood pressure within normal limits.
A nomogram for predicting overall survival of women with endometrial cancer following primary therapy: toward improving individualized cancer care.

Objectives Traditionally we have relied mainly on final FIGO stage to estimate overall oncologic outcome in endometrial cancer patients. However, it is well known that other patient factors may play equally important roles in outcome. Our objective was to develop a clinically useful nomogram in the hope of providing a more individualized and accurate estimation of overall survival (OS) following primary therapy.
Metabolism of CJ-036878, N-(3-phenethoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide, in liver microsomes and recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes : Metabolite identification by LC-UV/MSn and 1H-NMR

The identification of metabolites in the early stages of drug discovery is important not only for guiding structure-activity relationships (SAR) and structure-metabolism relationships (SMR) strategies, but also for predicting the potential for adverse events. The present study investigated the phase I metabolism of CJ-036878 (N-(3-phenethoxybenzyl)-4-hydroxybenzamide), a potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-asparatate (NMDA) receptor, using liver microsomes and representative recombinant cytochrome P450 enzymes. The structures of the oxidative metabolites M1-M11 were confirmed by LC-UV/MS(n) and/or (1)H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). It was found that CJ-036878 is metabolized through three routes: (1) aliphatic hydroxylation that generates M1 and M2; (2) aromatic hydroxylation that produces M3-M5, M7 and M8; and (3) dimerization through an oxidative phenol coupling reaction that yields M10 and M11. The use of recombinant human cytochrome P450 enzymes suggested that CYP3A4 is the major enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of CJ-036878, with minor contributions from CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6.
IR Spectroscopy of UF6

Abstract A spectroscopic examination of the IR absorption features of room temperature UF6 has been carried out. We report measurements of the isotope shift for the v3 fundamental band and several binary combination bands; measurements of the absorption coefficient per torr as a function of frequency for the v3 band for both 235UF6 and 238UF6, determination of the frequency dependence of small signal isotope selectivity for the v3 band and binary combination bands, and measurements of the absorption coefficient per torr for the peak absorption of the strong binary combination bands. We both extend the previous measurements of McDowell et al.3 on the IR absorption of room temperature UF6 and agree with their results in cases where repeat measurements are performed.
Male County Jail Inmates: A Profile and Self-Reported Human Service Needs by Race

With the enactment of the Second Chance Act in 2008, social workers have a greater opportunity for intervention to break the cycle of recidivism. To develop interventions, however, social workers require profiles of incarcerated people and their perceived human service needs. Unfortunately, previous research has focused on prison and not jail inmates and lacks race-differential data. In this article the authors address this gap in the literature by describing the scope of the problem and presenting a profile of male inmates and their perceived service needs by race upon entry into a major urban county jail.
Discovery and Development of Educational Goals

Dyer concludes that "measurement in educa tion is the only process by which a society can externalize and give effect to its hopes for the next generation."
Numerical experiments involving galerkin and collocation methods for linear integral equations of the first kind

Abstract Recently efforts have been made to quantify the difficulties inherent in numerically solving linear Fredholm integral equations of the first kind (J. Integral Equations, to appear.). In particular, the classical quadrature approach, collocation methods, and Galerkin schemes that make use of various orthonormal basis functions have been shown to lead to matrices with high condition numbers. In fact, it has been possible to obtain explicit lower bounds on these condition numbers as a function of the smoothness of the kernel, essentially independent of the choice of orthonormal basis. These bounds all approach infinity as the number of basis functions increases. In this article we present a numerical study of condition numbers arising from collocation and Galerkin methods with step-function and Legendre polynomial bases. The condition number for each kernel and basis set studied is exhibited as a function of the number of basis functions used. The effect that these ill-conditioned matrices have on the accuracy of solutions is demonstrated computationally. The information obtained gives an indication of the efficacy-and the dangers-of the collocation and Galerkin schemes in practical situations.
Learning to Show You're Listening

Good listeners generally produce back-channel feedback, that is, short utterances such as uh-huh which signal active listening. As the rules governing back-channeling vary from language to language, second-language learners may need help acquiring this skill. This paper is an initial exploration of how to provide this. It presents a training sequence which enables learners to acquire a basic Arabic back-channel skill, namely, that of producing feedback immediately after the speaker produces a syllable or two with a sharply falling pitch. This training sequence includes an explanation, audio examples, the use of visual signals to highlight occurrences of this pitch downslope, auditory and visual feedback on learners' attempts to produce the cue themselves, and feedback on the learners' performance as they play the role of an attentive listener in response to one side of a pre-recorded dialog. Experiments show that this enables learners to better approximate proper Arabic back-channeling behavior.
The expression of the neuronal intermediate filament protein peripherin in the rat embryo

The expression of the neuronal type III intermediate filament protein peripherin was examined in the rat embryo during and following neuronogenesis in the spinal cord and the peripheral nervous system. In situ hybridization analysis reveals that peripherin mRNA is found in the mid-gestational rat embryo in ventral and lateral motoneurons in the spinal cord, and in neurons of all peripheral ganglia examined, including spinal, sympathetic, and enteric ganglia. Peripherin mRNA is seen only in post-migratory motoneurons or neuronal cells in aggregating ganglia, indicating that precursor cells do not express peripherin. To examine the expression of the protein, an affinity-purified antibody (anti-per) specific for a bacterially produced peripherin fusion protein was generated. Anti-per specifically recognizes a 58 kDa, cytoskeletal-enriched, nerve growth factor (NGF)-inducible protein of the expected tissue distribution. Immunocytodetection with anti-per shows that the initiation of peripherin protein synthesis is coincident with the morphological differentiation of neurons. In development, peripherin is one constituent of a program of gene expression activated at terminal neuronal differentiation.
A New Copper Containing MALDI Matrix That Yields High Abundances of [Peptide + Cu]+ Ions

The dinuclear copper complex (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) copper salt (CHCA)4Cu2), synthesized by reacting CHCA with copper oxide (CuO), yields increased abundances of [M + xCu − (x−1)H]+ (x = 1–6) ions when used as a matrix for matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (355 nm Nd:YAG laser). The yield of [M + xCu − (x−1)H]+ (x = 1∼6) ion is much greater than that obtained by mixing peptides with copper salts or directly depositing peptides onto oxidized copper surfaces. The increased ion yields for [M + xCu − (x−1)H]+ facilitate studies of biologically important copper binding peptides. For example, using this matrix we have investigated site-specific copper binding of several peptides using fragmentation chemistry of [M + Cu]+ and [M + 2Cu − H]+ ions. The fragmentation studies reveal interesting insight on Cu binding preferences for basic amino acids. Most notable is the fact that the binding of a single Cu+ ion and two Cu+ ions are quite different, and these differences are explained in terms of intramolecular interactions of the peptide-Cu ionic complex.
Man-made objects cuing in satellite imagery

We present a multi-scale framework for man-made structures cuing in satellite image regions. The approach is based on a hierarchical image segmentation followed by structural analysis. A hierarchical segmentation produces an image pyramid that contains a stack of irregular image partitions, represented as polygonized pixel patches, of successively reduced levels of detail (LODs). We are jumping off from the over-segmented image represented by polygons attributed with spectral and texture information. The image is represented as a proximity graph with vertices corresponding to the polygons and edges reflecting polygon relations. This is followed by the iterative graph contraction based on Boruvka's Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) construction algorithm. The graph contractions merge the patches based on their pairwise spectral and texture differences. Concurrently with the construction of the irregular image pyramid, structural analysis is done on the agglomerated patches. Man-made object cuing is based on the analysis of shape properties of the constructed patches and their spatial relations. The presented framework can be used as pre-scanning tool for wide area monitoring to quickly guide the further analysis to regions of interest.
Performance Review of a Quality Control/Quality Assurance Specification for Asphalt Concrete:

A statistical review of 50 jobs recently completed by using California's new quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) specification for asphalt concrete is presented. Performance is contrasted to the quality achieved under method and end-result specifications. A cost analysis is made and issues related to verification are discussed. Improvements to the current specification are proposed. The data present clear evidence that the allowable tolerance of ±0.5 percent for asphalt content is too wide for current practice. Also, an increase in compaction variability for many QC/QA jobs could be controlled by adding an upper specification limit or adopting a two-sided volumetric specification. Although bid amounts did not increase, costs for QC/QA jobs went up approximately 3 percent to pay for bonuses allowed under the specification. Analysis of the contractor's QC test data indicate that this increase is more than compensated for by projected reductions in future rehabilitation costs. However, a significant la...
Low temperature magnetism and EPR of diacetyl-bis-(thiosemicarbazone) copper(II)

Abstract Low temperature magnetic susceptibility data for diacetyl-bis-(thiosemicarbazone)copper(II) have been interpreted in terms of the crystal structure. There is an antiferromagnetic transition near 9°K. The analysis of the EPR spectrum is consistent with the conclusions drawn from the susceptibility measurements.
The Predictive Ability of Social Values in Resource Dilemmas and Public Goods Games

Social values, or orientations toward specific goals, have been found to predict choice behavior in prisoner's dilemma-type games. However, their predictive ability in other types of social dilemmas (specifically, public goods and resource dilemmas) is not well established. This study compared the predictive ability of several methods of assessing social values, as well as Yamagishi's Trust Scale and an older measure of trust, the Fascism (F) Scale. Social values, as assessed by Knight and Dubro's judgmental measurement technique, were found to be predictive of resource dilemma behavior; trust, measured with Yamagishi's Trust Scale, predicted contribution to public goods. The trust and social values scales were not correlated, suggesting that they are distinct concepts; however, the social value scales did not correlate with each other. A testable explanation for the results, centering on the nature of payoffs in the different games, is offered.
SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS FROM DIPOTASSIUM 1,1-DIMERCAPTO-2,2-DICYANOETHYLENE

Abstract The reaction of dipotassium 1,1-dimercapto-2,2-dicyanoethylene with 3-bromo-1-propyne, 3-chloro-3-methyl-1-propyne, 3-chloro-2,4-pentanedione, ethyl α-chloroacetoacetate or chloroacetone afforded novel heterocyclic compounds (1–5). Possible mechanisms and supporting NMR and mass spectra are discussed.
Physicochemical assessment and phosphorus storage of canal sediments within the Everglades Agricultural Area, Florida

Purpose Excess nutrients such as phosphorus (P) transported from the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA) in South Florida, USA, to downstream water bodies have been identified as contributing to trophic imbalances within the Florida Everglades. Decades of farming drainage from the EAA has led to accumulation of sediments in regional canals which may be transported to downstream ecosystems and act as potential internal source of P.
Tracking Error Signal Analysis For Pre-Grooved Organic Optical Recording Media

Experimental measurements and theoretical computations presented in this paper indicate that for optimal tracking error signals organic based optical recording media require grooves that are narrower and deeper than those required for metallic based media.
Ensuring that course Websites are ADA compliant

SUMMARY This paper explores how social work course websites can meet recommendations for ADA compliance. It addresses the current and expected rules for compliance, the types of disabilities that require accommodations and the accommodations that each requires. It discusses the software and hardware features and options available to students with disabilities. It also discusses software available to web authors to create accessible websites and identify noncompliant features. Following these guidelines will enable students with disabilities to fully benefit from online courses-and will offer benefits to users who do not have disabilities, as well.
Mesoporous tin oxides as lithium intercalation anode materials

Mesoporous tin oxides have been prepared by a surfactant templating method. Characterization with transmission electron microscopy techniques showed that the compounds formed as hexagonal mesoporous phases, retaining their mesostructural nature with a pore size of about 4 nm after calcination at 350 °C. These materials showed good electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium ion batteries, with over 400 mAh/g charge capacity and good reversibility.
Proton NMR Study of Micelle Formation in Surfactant Mixtures

Abstract Proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1′s) of micellar solutions of the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 (TX-100, an alkylbenzenepolyethoxy alcohol) and of mixed micellar systems of TX-100 and n-dodecanol, n-dodecylamine, dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride, or sodium dodecylsulfate were determined. The results indicate that the hydrocarbon chains of the second surfactant penetrate to the aromatic rings of the TX-100 molecules, but do not extend to the region occupied by the alkyl chains of the TX-100. Ionic cosurfactants appear to produce a general loosening of the micellar structure, presumably because of their mutual coulombic repulsion.
Aspect in the Lithuanian verb

(1980). Aspect in the Lithuanian verb. Journal of Baltic Studies: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 158-171.