cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mercury(II) exchange by highly charged swelling micas, sodium Engelhard titanosilicate-4, and sodium titanosilicate.

Selective Hg(2+)-exchange properties of highly charged sodium swelling micas (Na-2-, Na-3-, and Na-4-micas), sodium Engelhard titanosilicate-4 (Na-ETS-4), and sodium titanosilicate were determined by use of distribution coefficients (K(d)), ion-exchange isotherms, and Kielland plots for their potential use of Hg decontamination from groundwater and soils. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns after 2Na(+) → Hg(2+) exchange were collected to check for change in (001) spacings of differently charged sodium micas. The isotherms and Kielland plots suggested that Na-ETS-4 was highly selective for Hg(2+). Also, the K(d) value of Na-ETS-4 was the highest among the tested exchangers, supporting its high selectivity. Hg releases from Hg-exchanged Na-4-mica and Na-ETS-4 were found to be lower compared to other samples tested with simulated groundwater. The (001) spacings of sodium micas after Hg(2+) exchange changed from ∼ 12 to ∼ 14 A or/and 12 A depending on their layer charge density and the uptake amount of Hg. Our results suggest that Na-ETS-4 is a good candidate for mercury(II) decontamination from groundwater and soils.
When does an adult with headaches need central nervous system imaging

presents to the clinic for evaluation of headaches, which she de-scribes as pulsatile and throbbing, usually unilateral but involving different sides of the head at different times, and severe, causing her to miss work. They usually last between 12 and 24 hours and are asso-ciated with nausea but no vomiting and no changes in vision. They are worse around the time of her menses, have been occurring about twice a month for the past 6 months, and respond to ibuprofen. She thought they were caused by chronic seasonal allergies and sinusitis and has tried antihistamines and nasal irrigation without success. They are not affected by body position, they are not explosive, and they are not brought on by the Valsalva ma-neuver. She reports no other neurologic or systemic symptoms. A detailed neurologic examination shows no deficits. However, the patient is concerned, as one of her friends was recently diagnosed with cancer. She requests imaging to “make sure there is no can-cer.” Would it be appropriate to order imaging at this time?
Personal reflections on twentieth century vaccinology.

The science of vaccinology was created in the late 18 th and 19 th centuries by "giants" of the time including Jenner, Pasteur, Koch, von Behring, Ehrlich and Lister. Relatively little technologic advance was made in the period leading to World War II except for yellow fever and influenza vac- cines. Support for war efforts fueled developments which led to the modern era of vaccines of 1950 onwards. The author's career in vaccinology, which began in 1944, was recognized in the 2002 Prince Mahidol Award given in Bangkok, Thailand. This review presents the substance of the Award lecture delivered on January 29, 2003.
A Long Time Gone: Post‐conflict Rural Property Restitution under Customary Law

Mass displacement of people due to violence poses a unique set of challenges for property restitution when people return to their homes after a long absence. This is particularly evident in rural areas where the dominant form of land holding is customary tenure. Violence-induced displacement, unlike voluntary migration, challenges both customary and public legal-administrative structures. The lack of written documentation of customary holdings and the importance of the support of community leaders means that incorporating returnees back into a community can be easier for those who choose to return, while reclaiming property without physical return is nearly impossible. This article seeks to make three contributions: 1) to note the diversity of return processes after long displacements in terms of timing and demographics; 2) to demonstrate that the nature of the claims people can make on customary tenure systems is at odds with international legal norms on property restitution after displacement; and 3) to introduce a set of observations and questions on how conflict can change customary law. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Uganda, Liberia and Timor-Leste, all countries with extended displacement where most of the rural land is held via customary claims.
A rapid demodulation method for optical carrier based microwave interferometer

This paper presents a rapid signal processing approach for OCMI system, which could significantly reduce the complexity of computations while maintaining decent performances. A direct phase demodulator can be pre-calibrated and applied to extract the absolute phase change to target reflectors at different locations, where the strain change can be found distributedly. Theoretical framework was conducted and to demo the concept, a strain test was performed with ultra-weak reflectors (-70 dB) under the OCMI system. The proposed method was applied to extract the distributed stain change along the fiber under test. Compared with the previous proposed method, no FIR filters and Fourier transform are involved. This algorithm holds the potential suitable for dynamic OCMI distributed sensing system.
STUDY ON EROSIION WORNOUT BY PARTICLES IN 90° SQUARE BEND PIPE

Adopting k-e dual-equation turbulent model,and particles random collision model which takes wall surface roughness and particle's whirling factors etc.into account,as well as the frequency spectrum random track(FSRT) of particle's pulsation,the numerical simulation and calculation analysis for particle erosion wornout of 90° square bend pipe under several working conditions,such as different velocity of incoming flow,different particle size,different position of damper etc.,have been carried out,finding out the erosion worn-out behavior of particles onto the wall surface in the bend pipe.The easily worn-out location and erosion rate in the bend pipe have been systematically predicted,providing with numerical basis and theoritical reference for anti-erosion of pipeline in engineering practice.
Biologic theories of aging

Many theories have been proposed to explain aging. Currently, the most important theories include genetic control, deterioration of the immune system, somatic mutation, accumulated damage by free radicals, cross-linkage of macromolecules, and metabolic causes. While no single theory accounts for all of the observations about aging, recent research suggests that the primary process is under genetic control, with contributions from environmental factors.
Inertial representation of angular motion in the vestibular system of rhesus monkeys. II. Otolith-controlled transformation that depends on an intact cerebellar nodulus.

1. We recently studied the spatial representation of angular motion signals in rhesus monkeys by examining the orientation of postrotatory vestibuloocular responses during tilt of the head and body relative to gravity after constant-velocity rotation about an earth-vertical axis. We have reported that low-frequency angular motion signals in the vestibuloocular reflex (VOR) of rhesus monkeys are spatially transformed such that they remain invariant relative to gravity. In the present study we examine the properties of these inertial vestibular signals by employing similar stimulation conditions in animals with either selective semicircular canal plugging or selective lesions of cerebellar lobule X (nodulus) and ventral lobule IX (uvula). 2. We studied the spatial organization of postrotatory VOR in two rhesus monkeys that had either the lateral or one of the vertical canal pairs inactivated by plugging. In both monkeys, the spatiotemporal characteristics of postrotatory velocity after rotation in the plane of an intact canal pair and tilting in the plane of the plugged canal pair were indistinguishable from those of intact animals: postrotatory responses after tilts in the plane of the plugged canal pair were strongly damped, whereas an orthogonal response component was generated that rotated the eye velocity vector toward alignment with gravity. Thus otolith information rather than transient semicircular canal inputs that normally coexist during tilts seem to provide the necessary cues for the central transformation of semicircular canal signals. 3. We studied the three-dimensional VOR properties in two animals in which the cerebellar nodulus and ventral uvula were surgically ablated. After these lesions the temporal properties of the horizontal, vertical, and torsional VOR during earth-vertical-axis rotations were differentially affected. For horizontal VOR, the duration of postrotatory nystagmus was prolonged and the responses acquired strongly underdamped (i.e., oscillatory) properties. Similarly, sinusoidal responses were characterized by smaller phase leads after the lesion. For torsional VOR, the duration of postrotatory nystagmus was significantly shorter after the lesions, reaching postlesion values of 3.6 +/- 1.7 (SD) s and 6.4 +/- 1.1 s compared with prelesion values of 22.4 +/- 4.5 and 33.6 +/- 5.3 s for each animal. In addition, large phase leads characterized the torsional VOR during low-frequency sinusoidal stimulation. The dynamic properties of the vertical VOR in the lesioned animals, on the other hand, were indistinguishable from those in controls. 4. The cerebellar lesions affected the spatial organization of the horizontal and vertical/torsional systems in a differential way. Inertial transformation of lateral canal activity was only partially affected.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
THE INITIAL FINDINGS OF THE EFFECTS OF FETAL AND POSTNATAL PROTEIN DEPRIVATION ON BRAIN MONOAMINE CONTENT

ABSTRACT Regional and whole brain dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (Epi) and serotonin (5-HT) content studies were performed at 35, 100 and 155 days postnatally in rats maintained on diets containing 8% or 25% casein throughout fetal and postnatal life. Some alterations of monoamines were observed in experimental animals. Supported by NIH Grant # HD09792-01.
Assessing Nest Success of Black-Capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in an Urban Landscape Using Artificial Cavities

ABSTRACT Native bird diversity is compromised in urban areas partially because of the lack of available habitat for some species. As urbanization continues to increase, it is important to understand the behavioral dynamics of bird species located in cities. The Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus), as a generalist species, offers an opportunity to investigate how common native birds use urban areas that lack natural habitat features while additionally competing with non-native, invasive species (e.g., House Sparrows, Passer domesticus). Our objectives were to determine nest box use and nesting success rate of Black-capped Chickadees and House Sparrows using artificial nest boxes in natural habitats located in an urban area, specifically a recently restored 5.66- ha area of pond sedge surrounded by oak (Quercus spp.) savannah located south of Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Artificial nest cavities with 3 cm diameter entrance holes, intended to exclude House Sparrows, were installed on...
Definition, Purpose, and Characteristics of Items

An elementary rule for any writer is to know thoroughly the subject before beginning to write. This is the reason reporters ask questions, researchers investigate hypotheses, and novelists ponder their protagonists, all before they put pencil to paper. So too must writers of effective test items master their subject. Learning about test items means comprehending what test items are, understanding their purpose, and becoming familiar with their characteristics. Knowing the definition of a test item is the first step toward comprehending it. The definition forms the backbone upon which the purposes and characteristics of test items rest.
Coal Mine Drainage in the United States – An Overview

Control approaches to minimize change in water quantity and quality from strata disturbance at coal mine sites have evolved in two decades by law-regulation, industry coordination, and research. A permit system (federal-state) involves pre-mine planning, bonding, inspection, enforcement, and prompt reclamation. Preventive control is sought rather than practice treatment to meet effluent guidelines for minimum quality. A tonnage production fee funds restoration of pre-law abandoned mine conditions. The bases of control are: Hydrologic budget maintenance, sedimentation to reduce particle transport and suspended solids, evaluate strata alkalinity and sulfide content, and maintenance of an alkaline strata environment for sulfide stability.
Applications of Systems Biology to Improve Pig Health

In the pig, there are thus far only a handful of examples of health/disease studies approaching a systems biology level analysis, and this is in sharp contrast to the substantial amount of published porcine data on whole genome, transcriptome and proteome experiments with regard to economically important swine diseases. However, systems biology is very powerful since it attempts to understand how these distinct -ome parts work together to create emergent properties that are less likely to be recognized in the analysis of only one component of the system. By integration of the different -omics datasets, systems biology tries to create a more complete understanding of the observed immune response. Until now, such integrative analyses are still in their infancy in terms of application to pig health.
Commentary on Kemmerer: the challenges and rewards of trying to combine linguistics and cognitive neuroscience

Kemmerer’s target article points to the necessity of conducting cognitive neuroscience research cross-linguistically, particularly considering languages with nominal classification systems (Kemmere...
Teachers Engaging Parents as Reading Tutors.

This study examined the application of evidence-based tutoring for oral reading fluency (ORF) to a natural setting, using teachers as parent trainers. Three teachers were trained in a 3-h workshop to develop individualized tutoring programs with parents. Following training, the teachers trained four parents to use individualized tutoring programs. A multiple-baseline design was used to evaluate the effects of teacher training on parents’ use of evidence-based reading strategies. Students’ ORF outcomes were also measured at pre and post. Following training, three parents showed immediate improvement in their use of evidence-base strategies. Parent tutoring produced some improvements in students’ ORF. Results are discussed in terms of the importance of teachers engaging parents as active participants in their child’s learning. Discussion focuses on the need for additional research in natural settings to more closely examine the conditions needed for successful implementation of parent-tutoring programs.
Data Attack Detection and Command Authentication via Cyber-Physical Comodeling

In this article, the authors study the problem of efficient authenticated encryption algorithms for use in embedded devices. In particular, they describe the ongoing Competition for Authenticated Encryption: Security, Applicability, and Robustness (CAESAR), and compare the different candidates of the competition with respect to a variety of metrics of relevance to constrained systems, including their memory footprints. —Alvaro Cardenas, University of Texas at Dallas
On Using the Volatile Mem-Capacitive Effect of TiO 2 Resistive Random Access Memory to Mimic the Synaptic Forgetting Process

In this work, we report on mimicking the synaptic forgetting process using the volatile mem-capacitive effect of a resistive random access memory (RRAM). TiO2 dielectric, which is known to show volatile memory operations due to migration of inherent oxygen vacancies, was used to achieve the volatile mem-capacitive effect. By placing the volatile RRAM candidate along with SiO2 at the gate of a MOS capacitor, a volatile capacitance change resembling the forgetting nature of a human brain is demonstrated. Furthermore, the memory operation in the MOS capacitor does not require a current flow through the gate dielectric indicating the feasibility of obtaining low power memory operations. Thus, the mem-capacitive effect of volatile RRAM candidates can be attractive to the future neuromorphic systems for implementing the forgetting process of a human brain.
Growth of liver allografts over time in pediatric transplant recipients.

The liver's capacity to grow in response to metabolic need is well known. However, long-term growth of liver allografts in pediatric recipients has not been characterized. A retrospective review of pediatric recipients at a single institution identified patients who had cross-sectional imaging at 1, 5, and 10 years post-transplant. Using volumetric calculations, liver allograft size was calculated and percent SLV were compared across the different time points; 18 patients ranging from 0.3 to 17.7 years old were identified that had imaging at 2 or more time points. Measured liver volumes increased by 59% after 5 years and 170% after 10 years. The measured liver volumes compared to calculated %SLV for these patients were 123 ± 37%, 97 ± 19%, and 118 ± 27% at 1, 5, and 10 years after transplant, respectively. Our data suggest that liver allografts in pediatric recipients increase along with overall growth, and reach SLVs for height and weight by 5 years post-transplantation. Additionally, as pediatric recipients grow, the livers appear to maintain appropriate SLV.
CAN YOU HEAR ME NOW? AN INNOVATIVE EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING MODULE TO PREPARE TOMORROW’S INSIDE SALESPEOPLE

Inside sales is a fast-growing sales profession, with the increase in inside sales positions skyrocketing beyond outside sales positions. Unfortunately, instructors lack the resources to adequately...
The impact of face-to-face oral discussion and online text-chat on L2 Chinese writing

Abstract Framed within relevant interactionist and sociocultural principles, this study investigates the effects of two forms of pre-task pair planning on individual L2 Chinese composition writing: face-to-face oral discussion and online text-chat. Six intermediate L2 Chinese college learners engaged in ten pair-discussion tasks: five face-to-face oral discussion tasks and five online text-chat tasks. Upon completing each interactive task, learners wrote a composition independently on the topic that was discussed in the preceding interactive session. The results indicate that both mediums showed benefits in preparing learners for an individual composing process. However, the two mediums facilitated their respective interactive/collaborative sessions in different ways; consequently, they prepared learners for distinct individual composing processes and written outcomes.
Freedom from fat: a contemporary multi-component weight loss program for the general population of obese adults.

This report summarizes results for the first 2,037 participants in the Freedom from Fat (FFF) weight loss program. FFF combined nutrition education, a lowfat dietary pattern, exercise, behavioral self-management, and social support in a program designed to serve the general population of overweight and obese adults. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 84 and from ideal weight to massively obese. After enrolling, program participants attended professionally led weekly meetings as long as they wished. Participants were encouraged to keep daily food diaries, to reduce the proportion of calories from fat to 30% or less, to exercise at moderate intensity for 30 minutes a day 5 days a week, to keep graphic records of weight change and exercise, and to display their graphs at each weekly group meeting. Attrition rates were comparatively low for a large-scale program, with half of the participants still active in the fifth month and 22% still active after 1 year. Mean weight loss for obese participants (BMI 30 or greater) at 6 months was 7.3 kg (16.2 Ib) for men and 5.3 kg (11.6 Ib) for women. The best predictors of weight loss at 6 months were number of days per week in which food diaries were kept, baseline body mass index, number of minutes of exercise per week, and age. J Am Diet Assoc 89:1254-1258, 1989.
Virtual environments psychotherapy: A case study of fear of flying disorder

Current computer and display technology allows the creation of virtual environment scenes that can be utilized for treating a variety of psychological disorders. This case study demonstrates the effectiveness of virtual environment desensitization VED in the treatment of a subject who suffered from fear of flying, a disorder that affects a large number of people. The subject, accompanied by a virtual therapist, was placed in the cockpit of a virtual helicopter and flown over a simulated city for five sessions. The VED treatment resulted in both a significant reduction of anxiety symptoms and the ability to face the phobic situations in the real world.
Electrochemistry Coupled Mesoscale Complexations in Electrodes Lead to Thermo-Electrochemical Extremes

Thermo-electrochemical extremes continue to remain a challenge for lithium-ion batteries. Contrary to the conventional approach, we propose herein that the electrochemistry-coupled and microstructure-mediated cross talk between the positive and negative electrodes ultimately dictates the off-equilibrium-coupled processes, such as heat generation and the propensity for lithium plating. The active particle morphological differences between the electrode couple foster a thermo-electrochemical hysteresis, where the difference in heat generation rates changes the electrochemical response. The intrinsic asymmetry in electrode microstructural complexations leads to thermo-electrochemical consequences, such as cathode-dependent thermal excursion and co-dependent lithium plating otherwise believed to be anode-dependent.
DUAS DÉCADAS DE LDB 9394/96: GÊNESE, (DES)CAMINHOS, INFLUÊNCIA INTERNACIONAL E LEGADO

O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em suscitar o debate sobre a genese, trajetoria, influencias de organismos internacionais e legado da Lei de Diretrizes e Bases (LDB) 9394/96 para a educacao brasileira. De metodologia qualitativa, recorreu a pesquisa documental, orientando-se pela tecnica da Analise de Conteudo. Os resultados apontam para: a) a origem conturbada da LDB 9394/96; b) a contribuicao desta lei para a diminuicao do analfabetismo e universalizacao da Educacao Basica; c) um alinhamento entre as politicas internacionais e as brasileiras; d) a importância de a gestao escolar conhecer a LDB 9394/96. Concluimos que a LDB 9394/96 tem um papel fundamental na luta pela universalizacao da educacao, bem como a gestao democratica das instituicoes educativas. A sociedade, principalmente a academica, cabe nao calar o debate pertinente a qualidade dessa universalizacao, numa atitude de resistencia perante as influencias que delegam maior importância aos fatores economicos do que aos educacionais.
Perioperative Neurological Complications Following Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: Clinical Impact on 317,789 Patients from the National Inpatient Sample

Background Perioperative neurologic complication after an anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is uncommon but may have significant clinical consequences. Objective We aim to estimate the incidence of perioperative neurologic complications, identify their risk factors, and evaluate their impact on morbidity and mortality after ACDF. Methods ACDF cases (n = 317,789 patients) were extracted from the National Inpatient Sample between 1999 and 2011. Based on their Elixhauser-van Walraven score (VWR), patients were classified as low (VWR 14) for surgery. The primary outcome was perioperative neurologic complications. Secondary outcomes included morbidity (hospital length of stay >14 days or discharge disposition to a location other than home) and in-hospital mortality. Results The rate of perioperative neurologic complications, morbidity, and mortality after ACDF was 0.4%, 8.4%, and 0.1%, respectively. Perioperative neurologic complications were highly associated with in-house morbidity (odds ratio [OR], 3.7 [3.1–4.4]) and mortality (OR, 8.0 [4.1–15.5]). The strongest predictors for perioperative neurologic complications were moderate- (OR, 3.1 [2.6–3.7]) and high-risk VWR (OR, 5.4 [3.3–8.9]), postoperative hematoma/seroma formation (OR, 5.4 [3.9–7.4]), and obesity (OR, 1.9 [1.6–2.3]). The rate of perioperative neurologic complications increased from 0.2% to 0.7% from 1999 to 2011, which was temporally associated with the rise in moderate- (P = 0.002) and high-risk patients (P = 0.001) undergoing ACDF. Conclusions Perioperative neurologic complications are independent predictors of in-hospital morbidity and mortality after ACDF. Both morbidity and perioperative neurologic complications have increased between 1999 and 2011, which may be due, in part, to increasing numbers of moderate- and high-risk patients undergoing ACDF.
The Princeton-Pennsylvania-Florida Card Catalogue of Eclipsing Variables

For many years, the study of close double stars seemed somewhat remote from many astronomical problems. The specialists in the field pursued it with enthusiasm, regarding each light or velocity curve as a particular challenge and each system as unusual and interesting in its own right. However, the relation to most other branches of astrophysics sometimes seemed remote. In favorable cases, masses and radii (and hence mean densities) could be obtained and the mass-luminosity relation could be strengthened; even this advantage was partially negated when it was early realized that in many cases the fainter components were notorious violators of the relation established by visual binaries (i.e., systems well separated compared to those discussed here). Various complexities, connected chiefly with interaction effects between the close components, prevented their use for the extremely precise determinations of limb darkening which at one time seemed possible. Other difficulties have prevented the determination, with the precision once comtemplated, of details of internal structure from the apsidal rotation.
The momentum of studies of 11th - to early 13th -century polychrome wood sculptures in Europe

The publication of this volume, a product of the 4th international Medieval conference, “Medieval Europe in Motion, the Middle Ages: a Global Context” is a welcome opportunity to increase the momentum of study of 11th- to early 13th-century polychrome wood sculptures in Europe. While research on contemporaneous monumental stone sculptures and the distinctly smaller ivory statues has been widely disseminated, the inventory, stylistic and typological interrelation, as well as chronological clas...
College students’ interpretations of food security questions: results from cognitive interviews

Food insecurity (FI) – the lack of sufficient access to food to maintain a healthy lifestyle – among college (i.e. post-secondary or higher education institution) students has become a prominent issue in the U.S. However, it is not clear if high rates of FI among students are due to the modern experience in higher education institutions or due to underlying issues in common surveying methods. To understand if there were underlying content validity issues, the present study had two primary research questions: 1) How do students interpret the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Security Survey Module (FSSM) questionnaire items, and 2) How do responses of students experiencing FI compare with the theorized experiences and coping responses? Thirty-three undergraduate students, aged 18- to 24-years old and fluent in English were recruited from a single 4-year university. During a 60-min session, participants completed the 10-item Adult FSSM and then were cognitively interviewed about their responses using the think-aloud method. Interview transcripts were analysed by two researchers using a collaborative process and basic interpretative approach. Students were on average 19.5 years old (± 1.2 years), the majority were in their freshman or sophomore (i.e., first or second) year, and 67% (n = 22) experienced FI. Results indicated that students’ interpretations of key terms – such as “money for more,” “balanced meals,” and “real hunger” – diverge from expectations. Furthermore, students categorized as food insecure reported experiences and responses to FI that varied from theoretical dimensions of the process. Though limited by sample size and representativeness, the present results indicate that the content validity of the FSSM may be compromised in this population and the managed process of FI may present differently among college students. Further psychometric research on modifications to the FSSM or with new FI assessment tools should be conducted with college students.
Barth Syndrome: Exploring Cardiac Metabolism with Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive multisystem disorder caused by mutations in the TAZ gene (TAZ, G 4.5, OMIM 300394) that encodes for the acyltransferase tafazzin. This protein is highly expressed in the heart and plays a significant role in cardiolipin biosynthesis. Heart disease is the major clinical manifestation of BTHS with a high incidence in early life. Although the genetic basis of BTHS and tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin deficiency in BTHS-affected individuals are well-established, downstream metabolic changes in cardiac metabolism are still uncovered. Our study aimed to characterize TAZ-induced metabolic perturbations in the heart. Control (PGP1-TAZWT) and TAZ mutant (PGP1-TAZ517delG) iPS-CM were incubated with 13C6-glucose and 13C5-glutamine and incorporation of 13C into downstream Krebs cycle intermediates was traced. Our data reveal that TAZ517delG induces accumulation of cellular long chain acylcarnitines and overexpression of fatty acid binding protein (FABP4). We also demonstrate that TAZ517delG induces metabolic alterations in pathways related to energy production as reflected by high glucose uptake, an increase in glycolytic lactate production and a decrease in palmitate uptake. Moreover, despite mitochondrial dysfunction, in the absence of glucose and fatty acids, TAZ517delG-iPS-CM can use glutamine as a carbon source to replenish the Krebs cycle.
Features of Cytologically Indeterminate Molecularly Benign Nodules Treated With Surgery.

BACKGROUND Most cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules (ITNs) with benign molecular testing are not surgically removed. The data on clinical outcomes of these nodules are limited. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed all ITNs where molecular testing was performed either with the Afirma gene expression classifier or Afirma gene sequencing classifier between 2011 and 2018 at a single institution. RESULTS Thirty-eight out of 289 molecularly benign ITNs were ultimately resected. The most common reason for surgery was compressive symptoms (39%). In multivariable modeling, patients aged <40 years, nodules ≥3 cm, presence of an Afirma suspicious nodule other than the index nodule, and compressive symptoms were associated with higher surgery rates with hazard ratios for surgery of 3.5 (P < 0.001), 3.2 (P < 0.001), 16.8 (P < 0.001), and 7.31 (P < 0.001), respectively. Of resected nodules, 5 were malignant. False-negative rate (FNR) was 1.7%, presuming all unresected nodules were truly benign and 13.2% restricting analysis to resected cases. The FNR was significantly higher in nodules with a high-risk sonographic appearance for cancer (American Thyroid Association high-risk classification and American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems score of 5) compared with nodules with all other sonographic categories (11.8% vs 1.1%; P = 0.03 and 11.1% vs 1.1%; P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Younger age, larger nodule size, presence of an Afirma suspicious nodule other than the index nodule, and compressive symptoms were associated with a higher rate of surgery. The FNR of benign Afirma was significantly higher in nodules with high-risk sonographic features.
Crystal Plasticity Model for Nickel-Based Superalloy René 88DT at Elevated Temperature

A microstructurally informed crystal plasticity model was developed for polycrystalline alloy Rene 88DT (R88DT) at a high temperature (650 °C). R88DT is a γ′ precipitation-strengthened Ni-based superalloy used in gas turbine engine disks due to high tensile strength, superior creep resistance, and high resistance to fatigue crack growth. It was experimentally observed [1] that crack initiation in polycrystalline superalloys is highly dependent on the grain size, orientation, and microstructure, as well as on the inelastic subgrain properties. Thus, understanding the fundamental deformation mechanisms at the subgrain level is a necessary step for development of fatigue life models. For this purpose, single crystals with microstructures representative of R88DT were first created by the investment casting process. Specific crystallographic orientations were mechanically tested in tension and compression to investigate dominant deformation mechanisms as activation of various slip systems, stacking faults/microtwin formation, and precipitate shearing. These mechanisms were incorporated into a physics-based viscoplastic constitutive model. The model was calibrated using data from tests on single crystals, and it was then applied for each grain in polycrystalline R88DT to predict the macroscopic stress–strain response as well as heterogeneous local stress and strain fields.
Does Donor Proliferation in Development Aid for Health Affect Health Service Delivery and Population Health? Cross-Country Regression Analysis From 1995 to 2010

Background: Previous literature suggests that increasing numbers of development aid donors can reduce aid effectiveness but this has not been tested in the health sector, which has experienced substantial recent growth in aid volume and number of donors. Methods: Based on annual data for 1995–2010 on 139 low- and middle-income countries that received health sector aid from donors reporting to the OECD’s Creditor Reporting System, the study used two-step system generalized method of moments regression models to test whether the number of health aid donors and an index of health aid donor fragmentation affect health services (measured by DTP3 immunization rate) or health outcomes (measured by infant mortality rate) for three subsectors of health aid. Results: For total health aid and for the general and basic health aid subsector, controlling for economic and political conditions, increases in the number of donors were associated with increases in DTP3 immunization rate and reductions in infant mortality while increases in the donor fragmentation index were associated with decreases in DTP3 immunization rate and increases in infant mortality, though none of these relationships were statistically significant. For the population and reproductive health aid subsector, a one percent increase in the number of donors was associated with a 0.23 percent decrease in DTP3 immunization (P < 0.01) while a one percent increase in donor fragmentation was associated with a 0.54 percent increase in DTP3 immunization rate (P < 0.01); associations with infant mortality rates for this subsector were similar to those for total health aid. Conclusion: The results do not provide clear evidence in support of the hypothesis that donor proliferation negatively impacts development results in the health sector. Aid effectiveness policy prescriptions should distinguish responses to donor proliferation versus donor fragmentation and be adapted to specific subsectors of health aid.
Design & Development of Fingerprint Based Electro-Magnetic Door Lock System

Security can be a top challenge in our daily life. Perhaps the foremost critical utility of correct private identity is securing restrained get right of entry to structures from malicious attacks. Access gadget forms a critical link in a very safety chain. The fingerprint-primarily based totally safety gadget supplied right here is an get right of entry to gadget that permits handiest legal people to get right of entry to a confined area. we've applied a locker safety gadget supported via way of means of fingerprint, keypad, and electromagnetic lock generation containing a door locking gadget that might activate, authenticate, and validate the consumer and liberate the door for steady get right of entry to. The novelty of the proposed gadget compared to different door lock structures determined inside the literature evaluations is that it permits the gadget proprietor to edit delete upload customers for a couple of makes use of the locker gadget and simple operations normally determined in such a quiet gadget low cost.
Binding-Time Analysis for MetaML via Type Inference and Constraint Solving

The two predominant program specialization techniques, partial evaluation and staged programming, take opposite approaches to automating binding-time analysis (BTA). Despite their common goal, there are no systems integrating both methods. Programmers must choose between the precision of manually placing staging annotations and the convenience of automating such annotation.
Public sector employment : cases and materials

This law school casebook includes materials dealing with constitutional rights of public employees, civil service, tenure and other laws specific to public employees, as well as public employee collective bargaining statutes and/or significant unionization among public employees. It emphasizes how the law governing the public sector workplace differs from the private sector. The book facilitates classroom examination of different policies, issues, and concerns that arise when government is the employer. Laws from a variety of states, as well as the federal government, enables the instructor to compare different approaches to matters such as bargaining unit definitions, scope of bargaining, impasse resolution, and grievance arbitration.
Identification and induction of cytochrome P450 2E1 in rat Kupffer cells

Kupffer cells, the resident macrophages of the liver, have a well characterized role in the removal of blood-born foreign substances by phagocytosis. Because Kupffer cells may contribute to hepatic xenobiotic metabolism, the current studies evaluated the presence and inducibility of P450 2E1 in rat Kupffer cells. Hepatocytes and Kupffer cells were isolated from the livers of control and acetone-treated (1% v/v acetone in the drinking water for 7 days) rats. P450 2E1 was immunochemically detectable at low levels in Kupffer cell homogenates from untreated rats and was induced greater than 10-fold by acetone-treatment. The presence of P450 2E1 in Kupffer cells from untreated rats was confirmed by inhibition of benzene hydroxylation with anti-P450 2E1 immunoglobulin G. Benzene hydroxylase activity was induced 16.3-fold in Kupffer cells isolated from acetone-treated rats and remained 70% inhibitable by anti-P450 2E1 antibody. The benzene hydroxylase activity of hepatocytes from the same animals was induced 3.9-fold by acetone treatment. The specific activity for benzene hydroxylation of Kupffer cell homogenates from acetone-treated rats was nearly equal to that for the hepatocytes from the same animals. The presence and inducibility of P450 2E1 in Kupffer cells suggests that, under conditions where P450 2E1 is induced, Kupffer cell-generated metabolites may contribute to Kupffer cell toxicity, as well as general hepatic injury.
Combination therapy with mTOR and PI3 kinase inhibitors is broadly synergistic in a wide variety of endometrial cancer cells

Dysregulation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling has been found in many human tumors, including endometrial cancer, and mTOR inhibitors have been utilized in clinical trials as targeted therapies with only limited success. Herein we identify a viable treatment alternative that overcomes temsirolimus-induced AKT phosphorylation in endometrial cancer. Our data suggest temsirolimus and BEZ235 inhibit different components of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway to accomplish synergistic pathway inhibition, which is necessary for therapeutic efficacy to abrogate the increased signaling through AKT that occurs with mTOR inhibition alone
The p21RAS Farnesyltransferase α Subunit in TGF-β and Activin Signaling

The alpha subunit of p21RAS farnesyltransferase (FNTA), which is also shared by geranylgeranyltransferase, was isolated as a specific cytoplasmic interactor of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and activin type I receptors with the use of the yeast two-hybrid system. FNTA interacts specifically with ligand-free TGF-β type I receptor but is phosphorylated and released upon ligand binding. Furthermore, the release is dependent on the kinase activity of the TGF-β type II receptor. Thus, the growth inhibitory and differentiative pathways activated by TGF-β and activin involve novel mechanisms of serine-threonine receptor phosphorylation-dependent release of cytoplasmic interactors and regulation of the activation of small G proteins, such as p21RAS.
Sources and circuits for high performance smart-pixel based optical interconnections

A common problem confronting the realization of optoelectronic interconnection processors over the last several years is the ability to both perform logical operations (i.e. computations) and rapidly and dynamically reconfigure the processor in a compact and simple manner. In past work in our laboratory, we demonstrated a fully integrated, optically powered, optoelectronic "smart pixel". This circuit has the ability to operate variously as an optoelectronic amplifier, bistable switch, inverter and latch. By making minor variations of that first circuit, we can employ it in a novel, and very simple optoelectronic processor which has the ability to both perform logic and dynamically route large 2D arrays of data.
Turning to Aerodynamics

We have explored the early days of flight and some of the major aspects of aviation. We have also examined properties of fluids and the behavior of fluids at rest and in motion – the field of fluid mechanics. The atmosphere, the medium in which airplanes fly, has also been discussed. With this background, we can now turn to aerodynamics, the study of the forces acting on all objects moving in a fluid. Natural and man-made objects are included; from fish to submarines, from birds to aircraft, all are subject to the same laws of aerodynamics.
Café Britt Coffee Corporation, Inc. - Costa Rica's Gourmet Coffee

Cafe Britt Coffee is a gourmet coffee producer located in Costa Rica. The Company grows, processes, and sells coffee to wholesale and retail customers throughout the world. The Company has been able to leverage the success of Costa Rica as a popular tourist destination to introduce its coffee to global consumers. Cafe Britt faces increased competition as it attempts to maintain its leading position in a volatile market-priced industry.
An Evaluation of Prompting and Reinforcement for Training Visual Analysis Skills

This study examined the use of an instructional package consisting of structured criteria, extrastimulus prompts, prompt delay, and reinforcement contingencies to improve decision making based on visual analysis of case-study (A/B) design data. Four participants without backgrounds in behavior analysis received training under two experimental conditions: first, a prompt-delay-plus-accuracy-reward condition and then a prompt-delay-plus-accuracy-and-latency-reward condition. A multiple-baseline-across-participants design was used to evaluate the impact of the instructional package on decision accuracy, response speed, and decision types. Results demonstrated that all participants made substantial improvements in decision accuracy as a function of the instructional package. Gains were highest for three participants who relied on prompts and developed mastery in the prompt-delay-plus-accuracy-reward condition. Generalization to unprompted conditions for all participants was immediate and maintained 1 week after training was concluded. Results are discussed in terms of behavioral mechanisms that appeared to control decision making during instruction, practical applications to applied settings, and needs for future research.
Effect of dietary boron on growth performance, calcium and phosphorus metabolism, and bone mechanical properties in growing barrows.

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary boron (B) on growth performance, bone mechanical properties, and calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) metabolism in pigs. Thirty-six barrows were weaned at approximately 21 d of age and randomly assigned to receive one of three dietary treatments. Treatments consisted of 1) low-B basal diet (control), 2) basal + 5 mg B/kg diet, and 3) basal + 15 mg B/kg diet. Boron was supplemented as sodium borate. Barrows remained on their respective experimental diets throughout the nursery (35 d) and growing (30 d) phases of production. Blood samples were obtained from each barrow at the end of each phase. Following the 30-d growing period, eight barrows per treatment were transferred to stainless steel metabolism crates. Barrows had an adjustment period of 7 d, followed by a 7-d total collection of urine and feces. All barrows were fed at 90% of the previous ad libitum grower intake of the control animals during the adjustment and collection periods. At the end of the 7-d collection period, barrows were killed and femurs and fibulas were harvested for the assessment of bone mechanical properties. During the nursery phase, ADG and ADFI were increased (P 0.05) by dietary B. These data indicate that B supplementation to pigs can increase growth and bone strength without greatly affecting Ca and P metabolism.
Einstellung rigidity, set induction, and problem solving in the Elderly

The purpose of this study was to determine if the Einstellung effect, as measured by the Luchins water jar problems, is significantly affected by age and level of experimentally manipulated set induction. Thirty undergraduates (mean age — 21 years) and 30 older subjects (mean age — 68 years) matched on a test of verbal intelligence were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, either 1, 5, or 10 set induction problems. Results indicated that set induction hindered subjects’ performance on the water jar problems but not one age group more than the other. Instructions indicating efficient solutions to the problems were seen as effective, and subjects carried efficient solutions to a transfer alphabet maze task.
Absence of mean-free-path effects in the current-perpendicular-to-plane magnetoresistance of magnetic multilayers

separated samples were only about half as large as those for interleaved ones. In two short papers, we provided experimental evidence that mean-free paths are not important length scales in the CPP MR by showing that the differences in CPP MR’s upon which the above claim was made did not change when the mean-free paths in the N and F layers were reduced from well above to well below their layer thicknesses. We ascribed part of the behaviors of interest to finite spin-memory loss~spin flipping ! in the F and N metals, and proposed that the rest might be due to spin flips at F/N interfaces. In the present paper we ~a! present further experimental evidence against mean-free-path effects, ~b! provide details of the calculations we use to analyze the data, and ~c! use measurements of magnetization and polarized neutron reflectivity to show that the differences in CPP MR are not due to spurious differences in magnetic structure between interleaved and separated multilayers, but only to the differences in the relative magnetic alignment of adjacent layers. Additional evidence for this last point is our observation that the CPP MR’s of separated samples in their as-prepared states are as large as those of the equivalent interleaved samples after they are taken to above their saturation fields. We show that similar differences between interleaved and separated data appear also in the current-in-plane ~CIP! MR’s and when the Cu is replaced by Ag.