cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lateral Variations of Density in the Mantle

Summary The lateral variations of the Earth's gravitational field, deduced from orbital data of artificial satellites, indicate the existence of lateral density variations within the Earth. A density model is computed for the mantle with the following constraints: (1) the model presents perturbations to Gutenberg's earth model which are specified by spherical harmonics through the sixth order and degree; (2) the density anomalies are confined to the mantle and the crust; (3) the anomalies of the crust are determined for n= 2, …, 6 and m= 0, …, n from crustal thickness, crustal P wave velocity, and Pn velocity, and those of the upper mantle for n= 2 and 3 and m= 0, …, n are related to the lateral variations of seismic travel-time residuals; (4) the unknown density anomalies of the mantle are determined such that the total shear strain energy of the Earth is a minimum; (5) the gravitational potential of the deformed Earth (subject to the density anomalies) on its surface equals the first six orders of the spherical harmonic representation of the measured geopotential; and (6) an isotropic, elastic, and cold mantle, and a liquid core are assumed in the stress analysis. The density anomalies thus obtained exhibit a decreasing feature with depth. In the crust they are of the order of 0.3g cm−3, in the upper mantle 0.1 g cm−3, and in the lower mantle 0.04 g cm−3, which are within the values deduced from independent seismic measurements. The lateral variations of the associated stress differences at shallow depths correlate with the surface feature of the Earth. This correlation disappears in the deep mantle.
Mothers' affect dysregulation, depressive symptoms, and emotional availability during mother-infant interaction

Maternal affect dysregulation and maternal depressive symptoms were examined as predictors of maternal emotional availability (EA) during mother-infant interaction in a nonclinical sample. In particular, we investigated if affect dysregulation predicts EA and is more important than are depressive symptoms in predicting EA. Questionnaire measures and 30 min of free play were obtained from 46 mothers of 4- to 5-month-old infants. Mothers' self-reported affect dysregulation was inversely related to EA, but mothers' depressive symptoms were not related to EA. More specifically, mothers' tendency to use unhealthy externalizing behaviors to reduce tension and distress predicted less EA. These results suggested that even in relatively low-risk samples, mothers' self-reported affect dysregulation, particularly the tendency to act out inappropriately in response to tension and distress, may be a more proximal predictor of EA than are depressive symptoms.
Summary of: A preliminary model of work during initial examination and treatment planning appointments

Summary of: A preliminary model of work during initial examination and treatment planning appointments
Recurrent Network Interactions Underlying Flow-Field Selectivity of Visual Interneurons

Motion-sensitive large-field neurons found at higher processing stages in many species often exhibit a remarkable selectivity for particular flow fields. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are not yet understood. We studied this problem in the so-called lobula plate tangential cells (LPTCs) of the fly. Investigating the connectivity between LPTCs by means of dual recordings, we find two types of connections: (1) heterolateral connections between LPTCs of both hemispheres and (2) ipsilateral connections between LPTCs within one lobula plate. The circuit is suitable to amplify incoming, dendritic signals in the case of rotatory flow fields and to reduce them in the case of other flow-field structures. In addition to feedforward connectivity, thus, the flow-field selectivity of LPTCs may be significantly attributable to recurrent excitation involving the network of large-field neurons in both brain hemispheres.
Orthostatic hypotension‐induced autonomic dysreflexia

Three patients with chronic traumatic cervical myelopathy had severe orthostatic hyperhidrosis. Orthostatic challenge revealed that hypotension preceded hyperhidrosis, hypertension, and chills, all manifestations of autonomic dysreflexia. Treatment of orthostatic hypotension with fludrocortisone acetate relieved these symptoms. Therefore, orthostatic hypotension may trigger autonomic dysreflexia and the usual way of managing such patients, propping them upright, may be counterproductive.
Tunnel vision: The regulation of endocrine disruptors

This study examines the failure of a small but significant element of U.S. chemical regulatory policy: the Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program (EDSP). A range of conditions are implicated in the failure of this program, but one condition, the scientific testing and regulation paradigm (STRP), seems particularly important and ties the failure of EDSP to the failure of other U.S. chemical regulatory programs. This paradigm is a group of assumptions that have driven pesticide (and other chemical) regulatory policy since World War II. This study investigates the relationship between STRP and the failure of EDSP, the potential efficacy of alternatives to this program, and one alternative that broke from this paradigm. Ultimately, this study suggests that we must revise the role of science in regulation in order to find effective alternatives to modern chemical regulatory policy.
A framework for efficient and programmable sensor networks

Ad hoc wireless networks of deeply embedded devices such as micro-sensors and microactuators have emerged as one of the key growth areas for wireless networking and computing technologies. So far these networks/systems have been designed with static and custom architectures for specific tasks, thus providing inflexible operation and interaction capabilities. Various architectures are currently trying to make sensor networks programmable and open to transient users. Most of these schemes though, promote algorithms that are too centralized and/or too interactive (i.e. the user is involved in the control loop most of the time), losing the efficiency these highly resource-limited systems need. Our approach employs active networking concepts in the form of lightweight and mobile control scripts that allow the computation, communication, and sensing resources at the sensor nodes to be efficiently harnessed in an application-specific fashion. The replication/migration of such scripts in several sensor nodes allows the dynamic deployment of distributed algorithms into the network. Although these mobile control scripts have similarities to mobile agents for traditional data networks, a framework to support them has different considerations than its traditional data network counterpart. The paper discusses these considerations and design choices, and describes SensorWare, our implementation of such a framework.
Heat Transfer in a Homogeneous Suspension Including Radiation and History Effects

An analytical formulation of the thermal response of particles subjected to time-dependent temperature perturbations in the surrounding medium is presented. The suspension of particles is considered homogeneous and dilute. The continuous medium containing the dispersion of particles is assumed to be weakly participating, having a small but nonzero absorption coefe cient. The particles in suspension are small, so that the mechanisms of heat transfer between the particles and the continuous phase are conduction and radiation only. The general solution for the temperature response of the particles to time-dependent
#YesAllWomen: Intersectional Mobilization Against Sexual Assault is Radical (Again)

#YesAllWomen is a key moment in the genealogy of feminism that underscores the old-in-the-new and suggests an urgent course of action for feminist media scholars. One Muslim identifying woman of co...
Polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogel dural sealant and collagen dural graft matrix in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery for prevention of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea is the most common complication after transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. The authors compare their previous experience using an autologous fat graft and lumbar drain placement in 107 patients with their current technique of using a dural sealant and collagen matrix in 97 patients to prevent postoperative CSF leak after pituitary tumor resection. The failure rate for CSF leak repairs between the two groups was similar. The use of a dural sealant and collagen matrix, however, has the advantages of decreased length of hospital stay, decreased length of Intensive Care Unit stay, avoidance of the morbidity of an extra abdominal incision, and avoidance of the risks of lumbar CSF drainage.
An affordance-based approach to architectural theory, design, and practice

The idea of affordance, borrowed from perceptual psychology, is applied to the domain of architecture. As to architectural theory, affordances can be used as a conceptual framework to understand the relationship between environments and occupants, especially with respect to form and function. Regarding architectural design, the concept of affordance allows for a common theoretical basis to improve the design process. Concerning architectural practice, affordances can be used as a tool to explore the connection between the intentions of the design with how the artifact is actually used, leading to archived knowledge, and the potential for avoiding common design failures.
Social Order through a Prism: Color as Collective Representation

Although color has rarely been examined as a sociological topic, the meaning of color is linked to numerous social domains and serves as a collective representation. Color contributes to social meanings in institutional orders, straiitication systems, and identity. While color has some meaning separate from its linkage to particular objects. in most cases colors are situated. We perceive not color, but colored objects. Any given color has multiple meanings that are understood in context. Through our examination of a range of domains m which color has social significance, we suggest that the examination of this field has considerable promise. We conclude b\ linking the analysis ol color to the model of cultural formation suggested by Schudson (1989). focusing on retrievabiiity. rhetorical force, resonance, institutional retention, and resolution.
Multicomponent diffusion of lysozyme in aqueous calcium chloride. The role of common-ion effects and protein-salt preferential interactions.

To investigate the effect of calcium salts on the thermodynamic and transport properties of aqueous solutions of proteins, we report ternary diffusion coefficients for the lysozyme−CaCl2−water ternary system at 25 °C and pH 4.5. We have used our ternary diffusion coefficients to calculate preferential-interaction coefficients as a function of salt concentration. This has allowed us to characterize protein−salt thermodynamic interactions. We have observed the presence of large common-ion effects by examining the dependence of the diffusion coefficients on salt concentration. Our results are compared to those previously reported for the lysozyme−MgCl2−water ternary system. We have found that the common-ion effect is essentially the same for both salt cases. On the other hand, by examining the dependence of the preferential-interaction coefficient on salt concentration, we have found that salt preferentially interacts with the protein in the lysozyme−CaCl2−water system, whereas water preferentially interacts...
Protein interactions and disease: computational approaches to uncover the etiology of diseases

The genomic era has been characterised by vast amounts of data from diverse sources, creating a need for new tools to extract biologically meaningful information. Bioinformatics is, for the most part, responding to that need. The sparseness of the genomic data associated with diseases, however, creates a new challenge. Understanding the complex interplay between genes and proteins requires integration of data from a wide variety of sources, i.e. gene expression, genetic linkage, protein interaction, and protein structure among others. Thus, computational tools have become critical for the integration, representation and visualization of heterogeneous biomedical data. Furthermore, several bioinformatics methods have been developed to formulate predictions about the functional role of genes and proteins, including their role in diseases. After an introduction to the complex interplay between proteins and genetic diseases, this review explores recent approaches to the understanding of the mechanisms of disease at the molecular level. Finally, because most known mechanisms leading to disease involve some form of protein interaction, this review focuses on the recent methodologies for understanding diseases through their underlying protein interactions. Recent contributions from genetics, protein structure and protein interaction network analyses to the understanding of diseases are discussed here.
Task planning for robotic manipulation in space applications

Space-based robotic systems will require novel technologies of planning and manipulation to accomplish complex tasks such as diagnosis, repair, and assembly task representation, discrete task planning, and control synthesis which provide a design environment for assembly systems, and which extend to planning of manipulation operations in unstructured environments. In this approach, assembly planning is carried out using the AND/OR graph representation which encompasses all possible partial orders of operations and may be used to plan assembly sequences. A novel algorithm for planning disassembly and repair using the AND/OR graph is introduced, and examples of repair sequences generated for a satellite electrical module are described. For discrete task planning, the configuration map facilitates search over discrete parameters in the space of bounded configuration sets. >
The fuzzy Hough transform-feature extraction in medical images

Identification of anatomical features is a necessary step for medical image analysis. Automatic methods for feature identification using conventional pattern recognition techniques typically classify an object as a member of a predefined class of objects, but do not attempt to recover the exact or approximate shape of that object. For this reason, such techniques are usually not sufficient to identify the borders of organs when individual geometry varies in local detail, even though the general geometrical shape is similar. The authors present an algorithm that detects features in an image based on approximate geometrical models. The algorithm is based on the traditional and generalized Hough Transforms but includes notions from fuzzy set theory. The authors use the new algorithm to roughly estimate the actual locations of boundaries of an internal organ, and from this estimate, to determine a region of interest around the organ. Based on this rough estimate of the border location, and the derived region of interest, the authors find the final (improved) estimate of the true borders with other (subsequently used) image processing techniques. They present results that demonstrate that the algorithm was successfully used to estimate the approximate location of the chest wall in humans, and of the left ventricular contours of a dog heart obtained from cine-computed tomographic images. The authors use this fuzzy Hough transform algorithm as part of a larger procedure to automatically identify the myocardial contours of the heart. This algorithm may also allow for more rapid image processing and clinical decision making in other medical imaging applications. >
Shear strengths of solid methane and argon to 8 kbar at 77 K

Abstract The shear strengths of solid argon and methane have been measured as a function of pressure at 77 K by a chamber-to-chamber extrusion process. The results for methane are new, while for argon some earlier work by Towle has been confirmed and extended. The initial shear strength of methane was found to be slightly larger than that of argon. At pressures above 1.5 kilobars argon has the larger shear strength. Indium was examined at room temperature and served as a standard of comparison.
The Responses of Female Baboons (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) to Anomalous Social Interactions: Evidence for Causal Reasoning?

Baboons' (Papio cynocephalus ursinus) understanding of cause-effect relations in the context of social interactions was examined through use of a playback experiment. Under natural conditions, dominant female baboons often grunt to more subordinate mothers when interacting with their infants. Mothers occasionally respond to these grunts by uttering submissive fear barks. Subjects were played causally inconsistent call sequences in which a lower ranking female apparently grunted to a higher ranking female, and the higher ranking female apparently responded with fear barks. As a control, subjects heard a sequence made causally consistent by the inclusion of grunts from a 3rd female that was dominant to both of the others. Subjects responded significantly more strongly to the causally inconsistent sequences, suggesting that they recognized the factors that cause 1 individual to give submissive vocalizations to another.
Enhanced perspectives for historical and cultural documentaries using informedia technologies

Speech recognition, image processing, and language understanding technologies have successfully been applied to broadcast news corpora to automate the extraction of metadata and make use of it in building effective video news retrieval interfaces. This paper discusses how these technologies can be adapted to cultural documentaries as represented by the award-winning First Emperor of China videodisc and multimedia CD. Through automated means, efficient interfaces into documentary contents can be built dynamically based on user needs. Such interfaces enable the assemblage of large video documentary libraries from component videodisc, CD, and videotape projects, with alternate views into the material complementing the original sequences authored by the materials' producers.
A preliminary investigation of color discrimination in the Florida cricket frog. Acris gryllus dorsalis (Harlan).

(1948). A Preliminary Investigation of Color Discrimination in the Florida Cricket Frog, Acris Gryllus Dorsalis (Harlan). The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 171-183.
A Framework for Matching Applications with Parallel Machines

This paper presents a practical methodology for performance estimation of parallel applications on various supercomputers. Instead of measuring the execution time of the applications with different number of processors on each machine, we estimate the time based on characterization of the workloads. Benchmarking computation and communication primitives in the applications is also performed on parallel computer systems for the characterization. Finally, a performance model is constructed for performance estimation, and verified with different number of processors on each target system.
On the Rotation and Propagation of Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms

Abstract We examine the rotation and propagation of the supercell-like convection produced by our three-dimensional cloud model. The rotation in the supercell is studied in terms of the conservation of equivalent potential vorticity and V. Bjerknes' first circulation theorem; neither of these have been used previously in this connection, and we find that they significantly contribute to the current level of understanding in this area. Using these we amplify the findings of our previous work in which we found that the source of midlevel rotation is the horizontally oriented vorticity associated with the environmental shear, while the low-level rotation derives from the baroclinic generation of horizontally oriented vorticity along the low-level cold-air boundary. We further demonstrate that these same processes that amplify the low-level rotation also produce the distinctive cloud feature known as the “wall cloud.” We find that the thunderstorm propagates rightward primarily because of the favorable dynami...
Thermodynamics of Deformable Materials

It is now a little over a hundred years that the conceptual basis of thermostatics has been laid. Clausius introduced the entropy concept and obtained the laws of thermostatics for fluids which are in internal equilibrium. Not much later, i.e. 94 years ago, Gibbs completed the formal mathematical structure of thermostatics and developed the minimum and maximum principles and the stability conditions for fluids. There came many applications of thermostatics, of which chemical reactions, blackbody radiation and the thermostatics of surface tension may be mentioned.
‘Re-imagining’ the canon: examining the discourse of contemporary horror film reboots

This paper examines the latest cycle of horror movie franchise reboots as a form of critical industrial practice. It argues that horror movie reboots such as Rob Zombie's Halloween (2007) should not be regarded as mere cynical attempts to repeat successful formulas but part of a far-reaching industrial strategy to cultivate notions of aesthetic distinction in viewers, specifically by rewarding cultural competencies that correspond to the logic of media brands. Examining the promotional and marketing discourses of Halloween, the paper shows how such reboot discourses reflexively incorporate ‘critical’ attitudes of canonical literacy, authorship, and subcultural distinction as a way to maintain consumer ties and enhance brand loyalty. In turn, these attempts to fold aspects of film reception back into the production process afford industry insiders (i.e. directors, producers, distributors, marketers) the opportunity to overstate the cultural and historical importance of a franchise, while presenting their s...
Temporary Sales Prices and Asymmetric Price Transmission

We hypothesize that temporary sales might bias the results of vertical price transmission analysis towards findings of asymmetric price transmission. We test this hypothesis using a scanner dataset of retail butter prices in Germany. To this end we first use filters to identify underlying reference retail prices and thus remove temporary sales prices. We then compare estimates of vertical price transmission from the wholesale to the retail level that are generated with raw and with filtered retail prices. Our results confirm that temporary sales prices increase the speed and asymmetry of vertical price transmission. These results add a potential cause of asymmetry to those, such as market power, that have already been identified in the literature. [EconLit citations: C22; L10; Q11].
Uptake and metabolism of 3H-Gibberellin A1 by barley aleurone layers: Response to abscisic acid

When barley aleurone layers were incubated with 3H-Gibberellin A1 (3H-GA1), the hormone was converted to 3H-GA-X (not identified), 3H-GA8 and two other compounds tentatively identified as 3H-GA1-glucoside, and 3H-GA8-glucoside. Uptake and metabolism of the 3H-GA1 were markedly enhanced by simultaneous treatment with abscisic acid (ABA). Uptake of 3H-GA1 from the medium containing ABA was linear over a 24-h period, whereas in the absence of ABA, uptake of 3H-GA1 leveled off after 5 h. After 24 h, aleurones treated with 3H-GA1 and 3H-GA1 plus ABA, had taken up 9 and 24%, respectively, of the original 3H-GA1 provided. Metabolism of 3H-GA1 proceeded at a linear rate in the presence of ABA. The amount of 3H-GA1-metabolites which had accumulated by the end of a 24-h incubation appeared to be linearly correlated to the logarithm of the ABA concentration. Gibberellins A8 and-A8-glucoside did not reverse GA1-enhanced synthesis of α-amylase.
Equilibrium Isotope Effects on Noncovalent Interactions in a Supramolecular Host–Guest System

The self-assembled supramolecular complex [Ga4L6]12- (1; L = 1,5-bis[2,3-dihydroxybenzamido]naphthalene) can act as a molecular host in aqueous solution and bind cationic guest molecules to its highly charged exterior surface or within its hydrophobic interior cavity. The distinct internal cavity of host 1 modifies the physical properties and reactivity of bound guest molecules and can be used to catalyze a variety of chemical transformations. Noncovalent host–guest interactions in large part control guest binding, molecular recognition and the chemical reactivity of bound guests. Herein we examine equilibrium isotope effects (EIEs) on both exterior and interior guest binding to host 1 and use these effects to probe the details of noncovalent host–guest interactions. For both interior and exterior binding of a benzylphosphonium guest in aqueous solution, protiated guests are found to bind more strongly to host 1 (KH/KD > 1) and the preferred association of protiated guests is driven by enthalpy and oppose...
The outcome of 369 ECT consultations.

Objective: The components of a pre-ECT consultation have been well-described, but the outcome has not been described. We describe the outcome of 369 consecutive ECT consultations. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of ECT consultations performed at Wake Forest University School of Medicine between January 23, 1992. and October 22, 1998. Each consultation was coded as either recommending against ECT, unenthusiastic about ECT, or recommending ECT. Results: Thirteen percent of the patients at their first consultation needed clarification of their capacity to consent to ECT. Additional testing was recommended in 34%, and additional medical consultation was recommended for 11 % of the patients. The ECT consultation recommended against ECT for 4% of patients, was unenthusiastic for an additional 15% of patients, and was enthusiastic for 81%. Likelihood of receiving ECT was strongly influenced by the consulting physician's level of enthusiasm for ECT. Enthusiasm for ECT, in turn, was highly related to diagnosis. Conclusions: The recommendations from an ECT consultation appeared influential in the likelihood of receipt of ECT. The consultation's enthusiasm for ECT, in turn, was related to the patient's diagnosis. Furthermore, the consultation revealed the need for additional testing, medical consultation, or clarification of capacity to consent in a substantial number of patients.
Important Role of Uncertainty in Forensic Geotechnical Engineering

Uncertainty plays a significant role in forensic geotechnical engineering. There is generally uncertainty in the available evidence and there is subsequently uncertainty in any conclusions drawn from it. Probability theory highlights the following principles when drawing conclusions from evidence: 1. If evidence can be explained by multiple hypotheses, then it is impossible to draw conclusions with certainty; 2. Additional evidence does not necessarily reduce and can actually increase uncertainty in the conclusions drawn from it; and 3. Neglecting hypotheses from the set of all possibilities can lead to erroneous conclusions. Three case histories are presented to demonstrate these principles in practice. These case histories underscore the importance of considering uncertainty carefully and in communicating uncertainty clearly in conducting forensic analyses.
Empirische Ergebnisse: Vier Grundtypen

In den bisher dargestellten theoretischen Zugangen zur Beschaftigung mit ethnischen Vergemeinschaftungen und auch am Beispiel exemplarisch ausgewahlter Studien der Diasporaforschung (vgl. Kap. 3) wurde bereits deutlich, dass man von Diaspora nicht einfach als einer einheitlichen ethnischen Gruppierung, als etwas kulturell homogenem oder gar einem geschlossenen System sprechen kann. Vielmehr wurde aufgezeigt, wie sich in der deterritorialisierten Vergemeinschaftung der Diaspora unterschiedliche Formen hybrider Identitatsartikulationen uberlagern, wozu Medien einen zentralen Beitrag leisten. Dabei sind Diasporaangehorige nicht nur auf Ethnoangebote, Diasporamedien und kommunikative Netzwerke ihres kulturellen Kontextes fixiert.
Block copolymer compatibilizers for ternary blend polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells – an opportunity for computation aided molecular design

In this review article, we discuss some recent developments in the context of the use of block copolymers (BCP) as compatibilizers in ternary blend organic photovoltaic devices. At the outset, we review some of the salient experimental studies and highlight the successes achieved in using BCPs to improve the long-term stability of the donor–acceptor based devices. We suggest that the physico-electro-chemical properties of BCP compatibilizers may be targeted as a hitherto less-explored handle to modulate the morphology and device characteristics of such systems. In this regard, we propose that coarse-grained computer simulation tools, despite being limited in their ability to capture complex interaction features and crystallization phenomena, can serve as a guide to narrow and/or identify parametric regions where morphologies desirable for better exciton and charge transport can be achieved. Furthermore, we suggest that the output of the morphological predictions can be combined with coarse-grained device simulation approaches to identify the overall photovoltaic properties of the ternary blends containing such BCP compatibilizers. Together, such computational studies can serve to connect the molecular structure and electronic properties of the BCP to the overall device properties and, thereby, to enable a rational molecular design of BCP compatibilizers for organic photovoltaic devices.
Gender-specific Differences in Great Saphenous Vein Conduit. A Link to Lower Extremity Bypass Outcomes Disparities?

Background Inferior lower extremity bypass (LEB) outcomes have been reported among women with peripheral arterial disease (PAD), but the mechanisms responsible for this disparity are unknown. Great saphenous vein (GSV) is considered the conduit of choice for LEB; GSV diameter is associated with graft patency and therefore is often used as a criterion for suitability for use as bypass conduit. We hypothesized that gender-based differences in GSV may contribute to LEB outcomes disparities. To explore this hypothesis, we performed a gender-based analysis of GSV anatomic characteristics among patients with PAD who were studied with duplex ultrasound vein mapping during evaluation for LEB. Methods Consecutive patients undergoing ultrasound vein mapping for planned LEB were analyzed. Minimum above- and below-knee GSV diameters were obtained in addition to demographic, procedural, and clinical data. Associations between gender and GSV diameter were evaluated using multivariate mixed models adjusting for anatomic location and within-patient correlation. Results One hundred five patients were analyzed. Mean patient age was 65 ± 11 years, 25% were women, and 78% were white. Mixed model estimates of minimum GSV diameters were 3.14 ± 0.09 mm above knee and 2.74 ± 0.09 below knee for men versus 3.23 ± 0.14 above-knee and 2.49 ± 0.14 below knee for women. A gender-based interaction between anatomic location and GSV diameter was identified, with women having a greater difference between above- and below-knee GSV diameters (or taper; mean difference of 0.73 ± 0.12 vs. 0.41 ± 0.17 mm; P = 0.017). Conclusions GSV taper (difference between above- and below-knee diameters) is greater in women and may contribute to inferior patency after LEB with vein conduit, particularly for below-knee target vessels. Further research is necessary to evaluate specific hemodynamic effects of graft taper and links with other clinical endpoints. In addition to minimum diameter, vein graft taper may warrant consideration when planning LEB.
The JunB Transcriptional Network: from Hematopoietic Stem Cells to Myeloid Function.

Hematopoietic development is organized hierarchically, starting with a rare population of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that gives rise to a series of committed myeloid progenitors and mature cells with particular functional and immunophenotypic properties. HSCs are operationally defined by their ability to provide long-term multilineage reconstitution when transplanted into hematopoietically compromised recipient, and are the only cells within the myeloid series that self-renew throughout life. Under steady-state conditions, HSCs are largely quiescent, slowly cycling cells. However, in response to environmental stresses, HSCs can undergo dramatic expansion and contraction to ensure proper homeostatic replacement of blood cells. HSCs are found predominantly in the bone marrow (BM) associated with several recently described vascular and endosteal niches. A complex balance of cell extrinsic factors present in these niches maintains HSCs in relatively dormant states and regulate their trafficking to and from these BM microenvironments. Recent studies have highlighted the roles of specific signal transducer (Pten), polycomb group protein (Bmi1), transcription factors (JunB, Gfi-1, Hox genes), and extrinsic regulatory pathways (Notch, TGF-beta, Wnt) in controlling HSC selfrenewal, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we will review the various experimental approaches used to identify and functionally assess HSC and myeloid progenitor activity in the mouse. We will discuss how HSCs are molecularly equipped to integrate signals from the microenvironment, and how such regulations control the balance between proliferation and early myeloid differentiation. The case of the JunB/AP-1 transcription factor will be used as an example of pathological situation. Inactivation of JunB leads to the development of a myloproliferative disease (MPD) arising from the HSC compartment. JunB normally controls HSC proliferation by regulating the expression levels of key cell cycle regulators, including Bmi1, and limits the rate at which HSCs produce early myeloid progenitors by maintaining appropriate responsiveness to both Notch and TGF-beta signaling pathways. The transforming effect of JunB loss is, therefore, due to a broad deregulation of the regulatory mechanisms controlling HSC differentiation, leading to overproduction of myeloid progenitors and MPD development in vivo. These results provide insights into fundamental issues in hematopoiesis and leukemogenesis.
Response to the ANZFSS council statement on the President’s Council Of Advisors On Science And Technology Report

I appreciate the journal’s invitation to comment briefly on the statement by the Australia-New Zealand Forensic Science Society (ANZFSS)1 on the recent report by the President’s Council of Advisors...
Nanotechnological Approaches to Immunosuppression and Tolerance Induction.

Several pre-clinical studies have engineered nanoparticles for immune regulation and have shown promising results in the fields of autoimmunity and cancer. In solid organ transplantation, the use of nanoparticle-based immune regulation has only just begun to emerge but holds significant promise for the improvement of our current standard of care immunosuppressive regimens. In this review, we will shed light on the current status of nanoparticle-engineered immunotherapeutics and the potential application of these technologies to the field of organ transplantation. Further, we discuss different strategies for delivery and potential cellular targeting moieties that could be utilized to obviate the need for high-dose systemic immunosuppressive regimens. Recent studies have shown the potential of immunosuppressive-laden nanoparticles to increase bioavailability, drug release, and specifically target immune cell compartments as methods to provide recipient immunosuppressive sparing strategies. Nanoparticle-centered immunosuppressive strategies hold the potential to usher in a new era in transplant recipient management and could hold the key to minimizing off-target effects of immunosuppressants, along with prolonging transplant survival.
Abstract TP165: Cardiac Screening Does not Improve One-year Mortality Among Patients With Cerebrovascular Disease

Introduction: Guidelines recommend the use of cardiac stress testing to screen for occult coronary heart disease (CHD) among patients with ischemic stroke/TIA who have a ‘high risk’ Framingham Card...
Course (Re)Design Academy: Redesigning an Introductory Astronomy Course with Open Resources

I will summarize my experience in the first Course (Re)Design Academy (CRA) organized by the Center for Teaching and Faculty Excellence (CTFE). I will start with my expectations (to substitute a good but expensive astronomy book and interactive homework system with open resources), then I will describe the main principles of education learned in the CRA that I have used as a guidance to redesign my course. Finally, I will provide an example of my course map, which was planned during the course academy and later developed into the actual course. In this newly developed course, particular emphasis is placed in aligning the Student Learning Outcomes (SLOs) with Learning Support Tasks (LSTs).For more informationa bout the Course ReDesign Academy:AÂ https://stearnscenter.gmu.edu/professional-development/course-redesign-academy
Integrating Osteopathic terminology into SNOMED CT.

SNOMED CT® is a controlled medical terminology which has been licensed by the National Library of Medicine and recommended as the general terminology of choice by the National Committee on Vital and Health Statistics for the development of the electronic medical record1. Osteopathic terminology is unique to Osteopathic practitioners and must be included in any terminology if the terminology is to meet the needs of the Osteopathic community. The Authorized Osteopathic Thesaurus was used as a resource and compared with the content of SNOMED CT. It was found that a large number of concepts which were of importance in documenting Osteopathic encounters were not included in SNOMED CT. The decision was made to integrate this content into SNOMED CT.
The Ethics of Using Secret Shoppers / Patients in Healthcare: Applying the Army-Baylor 7-Step Model for Organizational, Ethical Decision-Making

BackgroundHealthcare has become a competitive marketplace in which organizations try to demonstrate their attentiveness to quality and the patient experience. In recent years, greater effort has be...
Understanding associations between personal definitions of pornography, using pornography, and depression

Pornography has received increased scholarly and policy attention, as the rate of online pornography consumption has increased and the availability of sexually explicit material grows. However, few studies have taken into consideration how personal definitions of what sexual material is perceived as pornographic may influence the correlates and outcomes associated with such consumption. Using a sample of 1639 individuals sampled online from the MTurk website, we explored how definitions of sexual material as pornographic are related to actual use and how differences between the perceptions of sexual material as pornography and use of such material were associated with depressive symptoms. Results suggested that the perception of sexual material as pornographic was significantly related to usage patterns and that this pattern varied based on how explicit the material was. Results also suggested that individual differences between perception and use were significantly related to depression. Specifically, viewing sexual material one does not deem as pornographic was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms. However, global acceptance of pornography and the general perception of sexual content as pornographic or not did not moderate associations between pornography use and depressive symptoms. Implications for future research and for the further understanding of the effects of pornography use are discussed.
Pulmonary Function Alterations After Induction Therapy for Lung Cancer: Preoperative Considerations

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy prior to surgery offers hope for extended survival in patients with regionally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly those patients with ipsilateral mediastinal nodal involvement. However, neoadjuvant therapies are sometimes associated with pulmonary toxicity. A recent large scale analysis using the Society of Thoracic Surgery (STS) General Thoracic Surgery Database identified induction therapy as an independent predictor of postoperative pulmonary complications.1 The present chapter reviews the effects of neoadjuvant therapy on pulmonary function as well as perioperative morbidity and mortality, and examines whether altering the timing of resection can reduce the risk of complications.
Imaging of the Pediatric Orbit

Imaging is a critical component in the diagnosis and management of pediatric orbital disease. The pathologic processes that affect children are distinctly different from those occurring in adults, and unique imaging patterns may be encountered in pediatric patients. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are by far the most common modalities used in pediatric orbital disease, each with its own distinct advantages and disadvantages. The issue of radiation exposure with CT is of particular importance in young children. In this chapter, the radiographic characteristics of developmental anomalies, traumatic injuries, infections, inflammations, vascular processes, and neoplasia will be discussed in detail.
Groundwater flood of a river terrace in southwest Wisconsin, USA

Intense rainstorms in 2008 resulted in wide-spread flooding across the Midwestern United States. In Wisconsin, floodwater inundated a 17.7-km2 area on an outwash terrace, 7.5 m above the mapped floodplain of the Wisconsin River. Surface-water runoff initiated the flooding, but results of field investigation and modeling indicate that rapid water-table rise and groundwater inundation caused the long-lasting flood far from the riparian floodplain. Local geologic and geomorphic features of the landscape lead to spatial variability in runoff and recharge to the unconfined sand and gravel aquifer, and regional hydrogeologic conditions increased groundwater discharge from the deep bedrock aquifer to the river valley. Although reports of extreme cases of groundwater flooding are uncommon, this occurrence had significant economic and social costs. Local, state and federal officials required hydrologic analysis to support emergency management and long-term flood mitigation strategies. Rapid, sustained water-table rise and the resultant flooding of this high-permeability aquifer illustrate a significant aspect of groundwater system response to an extreme precipitation event. Comprehensive land-use planning should encompass the potential for water-table rise and groundwater flooding in a variety of hydrogeologic settings, as future changes in climate may impact recharge and the water-table elevation.
Development and the State

States are inevitably involved in ‘development,’ a term which has been used as a shorthand for the process of socioeconomic change that has shaped contemporary societies, particularly those of Africa, Asia, and Latin America. The question is: ‘When and how does the behavior of the state facilitate or impede development?’ Institutionally oriented economic historians like Polanyi and Gerschenkron and development economists like Hirschman have assumed development required active state involvement in constructing new institutions to facilitate trade and investment and mobilizing resources in ways that accelerate the growth of new productive capacities. The record of East Asian developmental states from the 1960s through the 1980s vindicated this position. Neo-liberal theorists saw the state as extracting rents in a self-serving manner, giving entrepreneurs the wrong incentives, and impeding development. Their theories captured the behavior of predatory states. Globalization and contemporary criticisms of development as insufficiently oriented toward the well-being of ordinary citizens present new challenges to states that are trying to be ‘developmental.’
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and the Myocardial Stress Response

The ability of the myocardium to successfully compensate for and adapt to stress, such as a superimposed hemodynamic overload and/or myocardial ischemia/infarction, ultimately determines whether the heart will decompensate and fail, or whether instead it will maintain preserved function. As shown in Figure 1, the adult heart adapts to a superimposed environmental stress by at least three interrelated and integrated mechanisms: cardiac hypertrophy, cardiac remodeling and cardiac repair. However, while it is becoming increasingly clear that cell types residing within the mammalian myocardium both produce and respond to stress by synthesizing a variety of soluble protein factors that are capable of interacting in an autocrine or paracrine fashion, the molecules that mediate and integrate the myocardial response to environmental stress, both at the level of the intact myocyte and for the ventricle as a whole, remain poorly understood.
Critical Protuberance Height for Transition of Leading Edge Boundary Layers

Leading edge contamination on aircraft wings can occur through the accumulation of insect residues, ice, or dirt or through existing surface defects. Such protuberances can increase skin friction d...
From von Neumann to Wigner and beyond

Historically, correspondence rules and quantum quasi-distributions were motivated by classical mechanics as a guide for obtaining quantum operators and quantum corrections to classical results. In this paper, we start with quantum mechanics and show how to derive the infinite number of quantum quasi-distributions and corresponding c-functions. An interesting aspect of our approach is that it shows how the c-numbers of position and momentum arise from the quantum operator.
AUTOMORPHISM GROUPS AND INVARIANT THEORY ON ℙN

Let K be a field and f : ℙN → ℙN a morphism. There is a natural conjugation action on the space of such morphisms by elements of the projective linear group PGLN+1. The group of automorphisms, or s...
Adaptive Submodular Ranking

We study a general stochastic ranking problem where an algorithm needs to adaptively select a sequence of elements so as to “cover” a random scenario (drawn from a known distribution) at minimum expected cost. The coverage of each scenario is captured by an individual submodular function, where the scenario is said to be covered when its function value goes above some threshold. We obtain a logarithmic factor approximation algorithm for this adaptive ranking problem, which is the best possible (unless \(P=NP\)). This problem unifies and generalizes many previously studied problems with applications in search ranking and active learning. The approximation ratio of our algorithm either matches or improves the best result known in each of these special cases. Moreover, our algorithm is simple to state and implement. We also present preliminary experimental results on a real data set.
Experimental Verification of a Pulsar-Based Positioning System Using L-Band Measurements

This paper discusses the observability analysis, the estimation algorithm, the numerical simulation, and the experimental verification of a pulsar-based positioning system. This positioning system ...