cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Decibel Level of Music Stimuli and Gender on Head Circumference and Physiological Responses of Premature Infants in the NICU

The purpose of this study was to examine different protocols with regard to the presentation of music stimuli and compare gender differential reactions to those stimuli. Subjects for this study (N = 63) were premature infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) between the gestational ages of 28 and 33 weeks. Half of the experimental infants listened to 20 mins of lullaby music (female voice with orchestral background) on 2 days followed by 20 mins of classical music (Mozart string music) on 2 days. The other half listened to the same music in the reverse order. One quarter of the males and one quarter of the females listened to music presented at an average of 65 dB, one quarter at an average of 70 dB, one quarter at an average of 75 dB, and one quarter did not listen to any music and served as control subjects. Head circumference data were collected four times by the researcher: (a) upon receipt of parental consent, (b) on the first day of music presentation (1 week after consent), (c) on the last day of music presentation, and (d) 1 week after music presentation. Physiological data (heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation) were recorded by the researcher at 2-minute intervals starting 4 minutes prior to and ending 4 minutes after music presentation. There was a significant difference (p < .0001) in average daily head growth across time, but this seems unrelated to the music condition as the same curvilinear trend (larger gain during days of treatment, smaller gain during baseline before and after treatment) was noted for control infants who did not listen to music. Results indicate a significant (p = .002), but biologically unimportant, decrease in heart rate over the course of data collection. No differences due to gender were noted.
WE‐D‐213A‐02: Establishing a Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) Clinical Program, Part 2: Clinical and Radiobiological Considerations

Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy(SBRT) has emerged as an important form of cancer therapy with broad application across a spectrum of tumor types in the primary and metastatic settings. The capability of safely administering a very high dose of therapeuticradiation to discrete extracranial tumor sites has raised new questions about the radiobiology of high dose per fraction treatment. Accumulating clinical experiences are yielding new insights into practical aspects of tumor and normal tissue responses to high dose per fraction treatment. The current practice of SBRT has evolved to some extent from knowledge gained from principles learned from the practice of cranial stereotactic radiosurgery(SRS). For the integration of SBRT into clinical practice, medical physicists and radiationoncologists are advised to collaborate closely to establish clear guidelines for normal tissuedose constraints and tumordose prescription practices that are suitable to their own clinical environment. Published literature relevant to this objective will be discussed. A consistent strategy for contouring sensitive organs is encouraged. The technological challenges introduced by the high dose and high precision paradigm of SBRT are presented and the vital relationship between physicist and physician in this context cannot be overemphasized. The radiobiological issues that have been parsed by this new paradigm of treatment will be explored, including understanding of conventional, hypofractionated and single dosetreatments, radiobiological modeling, and the concepts of equivalent doses. Future trends in SBRT will be discussed. Clinical outcomes after SBRT in a variety of setting will be summarized. Learning Objectives: 1. Review and understand the major issues related to the use SBRT for, including key strategies for uniform contouring and determination of organ tolerances. 2. Review and understand the common clinically observed normal tissue responses to SBRT and the inferences to be drawn regarding the practical radiobiology of high dose per fraction therapy 3. Discuss these new paradigms of fractionation as they relate to conventional regimes, including hypofractionation and single dosetreatments and their radiobiological threshold effects. 4. Review potential future application of SBRT
Murine strain differences and the effects of zinc on cadmium concentrations in tissues after acute cadmium exposure

The role of strain differences in cadmium tissue distribution was studied using sensitive (129/J) and resistant (A/J) mice. These murine strains have previously been shown to differ in their susceptibility to cadmium-induced testicular toxicity. Cadmium concentration was measured in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicle, liver, and kidney at 24 h after cadmium chloride exposure (4, 10, and 20 μmol/kg CdCl2). The 129/J mice exhibited a significant increase in cadmium concentration in testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle at all cadmium doses used, compared to A/J mice. However, cadmium concentrations in liver and kidney were not different between the strains, at any dose, indicating that cadmium uptake is similar in these organs at 24 h. These murine strains demonstrate similar hepatic and renal cadmium uptake but significantly different cadmium accumulation in the reproductive organs at 24 h. The mechanism of the protective effect of zinc on cadmium toxicity was studied by assessing the impact of zinc acetate (ZnAc) treatment on cadmium concentrations in 129/J mice after 24 h. Zinc pretreatment (250 μmol/kg ZnAc), given 24 h prior to 20 μmol/kg CdCl2 administration, significantly decreased the amount of cadmium in the testis, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of 129/J mice, and significantly increased the cadmium content of the liver after 24 h. Cadmium levels in the kidney were unaffected at this time. Zinc pretreatment also prevented the cadmium-induced decrease in testicular sperm concentration and epididymal sperm motility seen in 129/J mice. These findings suggest that the differences in the two murine strains may be attributed partly to the differential accumulation of cadmium in murine gonads. This may be caused by strain differences in the specificity of cadmium transport mechanisms. The protective role of zinc in cadmium-induced testicular toxicity in the sensitive strain may be due to an interference in the cadmium uptake by susceptible reproductive organs.
Application of heat-damaged Tc-99m RBCs in a patient with suspected hepatic metastasis

We present a patient with a remote history of splenectomy and recent hemicolectomy for colon adenocarcinoma. On routine surveillance chest/abdomen/pelvis CT, a lesion suspicious for hepatic metastasis was identified. Followup MRI was inconclusive. For more specific tissue characterization, imaging with Tc-99m heat-damaged RBCs was obtained to guide further patient management. Tc-99m–labeled, heat-damaged RBC scintigraphy is an underused modality that is highly specific for detecting ectopic or accessory splenic tissue. There have been many reported cases of patients undergoing unnecessary biopsies or laparotomies to remove suspicious masses that were subsequently found to be ectopic splenic tissue.
Challenges of international disaster relief: Use of a Deployable Rapid Assembly Shelter and Surgical Hospital

Surgical care is an important service to provide to victims of a disaster. A specialized response team has been created by the National Disaster Medical Treatment division of the Federal Emergency Management Agency to respond when local hospital facilities are either unavailable or unusable. When a major earthquake destroyed Bam, Iran, in December 2003, the US Government mobilized the International Medical Surgical Response Team–East and deployed a team of 57 health care providers to aid in rescue and response efforts. The challenges of designing, maintaining, and keeping a Deployable Rapid Assembly Shelter/Surgical Hospital are described.
Indoor Navigation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Presented at the AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, 10 - 13 August 2009, Chicago, Illinois.
On Theil's Mixed Regression Estimator

Abstract Theil [4] obtained an estimator for a regression coefficient by combining sample information with stochastic a priori information which might be available on some or all the elements of the regression coefficient vector. Finite sample properties of this estimator are studied here.
The fatty acid composition of incomplete influenza virus.

Abstract The fatty acid compositions of standard and incomplete influenza virus (von Magnus type) were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Incomplete virus had appreciable increases in short chain fatty acids and in the relative amounts of long chain unsaturated fatty acids. It is suggested that these changes are responsible, in part, for the pleomorphism of incomplete virus and reflect alterations in the amount and/or configuration of envelope proteins.
Plasma glucose levels predict the disrupting effects of adrenoceptor antagonists on enhancement of memory storage

Adrenoceptor antagonists block the enhancement of memory storage produced by epinephrine injection, but not that produced by glucose injection. The present experiment determined whether adrenoceptor antagonists modify resting blood glucose levels or the magnitude of epinephrine-, glucose-, and footshock-induced increases in circulating glucose levels in a manner related to these previously observed effects on memory. The alpha- and beta-adrenoceptor antagonists, phenoxybenzamine and propranolol, respectively, were injected in rats 30 min prior to administration of epinephrine, glucose, or footshock. Plasma glucose levels were sampled during the next 30 min. Epinephrine-induced increases in plasma glucose levels were potentiated by phenoxybenzamine and were attenuated and delayed by propranolol. The adrenoceptor antagonists did not alter resting plasma glucose levels, or the increases in plasma glucose levels resulting from glucose injection or footshock. These findings suggest that phenoxybenzamine and propranolol alter blood glucose responses to epinephrine injection in a manner which may contribute to attenuation of epinephrine-induced enhancement of memory storage with peripheral injections of adrenoceptor antagonists.
Modification of the VSV Surface Pasteurizer to Treat the Visceral Cavity and Surfaces of Chicken Carcasses

: Previous research with the VSV (vacuum/steam/vacuum) surface pasteurizer revealed the visceral cavity of chicken carcasses was not treated as effectively as the outside surface. The processor was modified to specifically treat the cavity by adding a mandrel assembly. Optimum process parameters were determined. Optimum process conditions were: initial vacuum 0.1s, final vacuum 0.5 s, vacuum absolute pressure of 4.1 to 7.1 kPa, steam time 0.1 s, and steam temperature 138 °C. Using carcasses inoculated with Listeria innocua and the whole bird rinse sampling procedure, bacteria kills were statistically significant at 0.7 to 0.8 log cfu/mL. Using deboned chicken breasts inoculated with L. innocua and the whole bird rinse sampling procedure, bacteria kills were statistically significant at 1.0 to 1.3 log cfu/mL.
The cleavage of carotenoid esters by cholesterol esterase

Abstract 1. 1. Standard hydrolysis of carotenoid esters typically provides complicated mixtures of reaction products. A facile method was developed for the specific hydrolysis of carotenoid esters using a cholesterol esterase. This method gives high yields of the desired unesterified products. 2. 2. The utility of this method in the characterization of carotenoid esters was assessed by comparing catalytic activity of this enzyme with the following substrates: esters of astaxanthin, 2′-norastaxanthin, and 2,2′-bisnorastaxanthin, as well as fucoxanthin.
A compact BaF2 array for high energy (⪅ 50 MeV) photons

Abstract A compact array of seven BaF 2 detectors with active plastic shielding has been developed for the measurement of hard photons in the presence of fast neutrons and cosmic ray muon background.
A Means‐End Approach to the Market for Sparkling Wines

Introduces a new approach to the investigation of consumers' reasons for purchasing (or not purchasing) products. The Means‐End Chains model, by shifting attention from product attributes to consumers' personal values, is particularly applicable to segmentation and positioning strategies for high involvement products like sparkling wines. Reports structured depth interviews with 27 consumers uncovering their means‐end chains in relation to sparkling wines. Responses differ noticeably by usage: heavier users prefer dry products as more sophisticated are willing to pay a premium price, and have more complex psychological needs to be fulfilled with the product including more socially oriented reasons for usage. Suggests insights from the means‐end approach may allow producers of premium sparkling wines to maintain a healthy position even in a decreasing market.
De- Misty- fying the mesentery: an algorithmic approach to neoplastic and non-neoplastic mesenteric abnormalities

Mesenteric abnormalities are often incidentally discovered on cross-sectional imaging performed during daily clinical practice. Findings can range from the vague “misty mesentery” to solid masses, and the possible etiologic causes encompass a wide spectrum of underlying pathologies including infectious, inflammatory, and neoplastic processes. Unfortunately, the clinical and imaging findings are often non-specific and may overlap. This article discusses the various diseases that result in mesenteric abnormalities. It provides a framework to non-invasively differentiate these entities, when possible.
Hippocampal and cortical place cell plasticity: implications for episodic memory.

In humans, the hippocampus is essential for storing episodic memories. These event memories require the rapid storage of novel associations, but little is known about the cellular correlates of such rapid plasticity. We studied patterns of activity and plasticity in the CA1 region of the hippocampus and in anatomically adjacent cortical regions as rats explored a novel arm of a maze to identify the neural correlates of hippocampally dependent memory formation. We found that hippocampal place fields exhibited three phenomena that may have direct relevance to the encoding of episodic memories: (1) very rapid plasticity upon exposure to the new environment, (2) instability in representations formed after short periods of exploration, and (3) a dissociation between the stability of a hippocampal representation and the apparent familiarity of a location. In contrast, cortical regions showed less dramatic changes. Taken together, these findings suggest that hippocampal activity undergoes a period of rapid reorganization during the encoding of novel information, and that even after this reorganization is complete, areas outside the hippocampus have not yet formed stable memories. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Intragenomic conflict and cancer

Intragenomic conflict occurs when some elements within the genome produce effects that enhance their own probability of replication or transmission at the expense of other elements within the same genome. Here it is proposed that mutations involved in intragenomic conflict are particularly likely to be co-opted by evolving lineages of cancer cells, and hence should be associated with the occurrence of cancer. We discuss several types of intragenomic conflict that are associated with various forms of cancer.
Direction of absolute movement along the boundary faults of the Basin and Range–Colorado Plateau margin

The direction of absolute movement along the boundary faults of the Basin and Range–Colorado Plateau margin has been determined by comparing present stream profiles with profiles of ancestral streams preserved beneath basalt flows of late Cenozoic age that have been displaced by recurrent movement. Studies of the Grand Wash, Hurricane, and Toroweap faults in southern Utah and northern Arizona indicate that the eastern block or footwall has been the active block and has moved upward, whereas the western block or “downthrown” block has remained essentially stationary. A similar direction of absolute movement on the Wasatch fault in central and northern Utah is apparent from the manner in which Lake Bonneville shoreline terraces have been displaced. These data indicate that recurrent movement along the eastern boundary faults of the Basin and Range rift system is not produced by collapse or subsidence after inflation or uparching of the crust in the rift zone but results from upward-directed stresses. This could be an expression of the direction of mantle movement along the Colorado Plateau-Basin and Range margin.
To Share or Not To Share: That Is Not the Question

There is an increasing awareness of the power of integrating multiple sources of data to accelerate biomedical discoveries. Some even argue that it is unethical not to share data that could be used for the public good. However, the challenges involved in sharing clinical and biomedical data are seldom discussed. I briefly review some of these challenges and provide an overview of how they are being addressed by the scientific community.
Mapping River Bathymetry With a Small Footprint Green LiDAR: Applications and Challenges1

Kinzel, Paul J., Carl J. Legleiter, and Jonathan M. Nelson, 2012. Mapping River Bathymetry with a Small Footprint Green LiDAR: Applications and Challenges. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-22. DOI: 10.1111/jawr.12008 Abstract: Airborne bathymetric Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) systems designed for coastal and marine surveys are increasingly sought after for high-resolution mapping of fluvial systems. To evaluate the potential utility of bathymetric LiDAR for applications of this kind, we compared detailed surveys collected using wading and sonar techniques with measurements from the United States Geological Survey’s hybrid topographic/bathymetric Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LiDAR (EAARL). These comparisons, based upon data collected from the Trinity and Klamath Rivers, California, and the Colorado River, Colorado, demonstrated that environmental conditions and postprocessing algorithms can influence the accuracy and utility of these surveys and must be given consideration. These factors can lead to mapping errors that can have a direct bearing on derivative analyses such as hydraulic modeling and habitat assessment. We discuss the water and substrate characteristics of the sites, compare the conventional and remotely sensed river-bed topographies, and investigate the laser waveforms reflected from submerged targets to provide an evaluation as to the suitability and accuracy of the EAARL system and associated processing algorithms for riverine mapping applications.
A Pipeline to Determine RT-QPCR Control Genes for Evolutionary Studies: Application to Primate Gene Expression across Multiple Tissues

Because many species-specific phenotypic differences are assumed to be caused by differential regulation of gene expression, many recent investigations have focused on measuring transcript abundance. Despite the availability of highthroughput platforms, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-QPCR) is often the method of choice because of its low cost and wider dynamic range. However, the accuracy of this technique heavily relies on the use of multiple valid control genes for normalization. We created a pipeline for choosing genes potentially useful as RT-QPCR control genes for measuring expression between human and chimpanzee samples across multiple tissues, using published microarrays and a measure of tissue-specificity. We identified 13 genes from the pipeline and from commonly used control genes: ACTB, USP49, ARGHGEF2, GSK3A, TBP, SDHA, EIF2B2, GPDH, YWHAZ, HPTR1, RPL13A, HMBS, and EEF2. We then tested these candidate genes and validated their expression stability across species. We established the rank order of the most preferable set of genes for single and combined tissues. Our results suggest that for at least three tissues (cerebral cortex, liver, and skeletal muscle), EIF2B2, EEF2, HMBS, and SDHA are useful genes for normalizing human and chimpanzee expression using RT-QPCR. Interestingly, other commonly used control genes, including TBP, GAPDH, and, especially ACTB do not perform as well. This pipeline could be easily adapted to other species for which expression data exist, providing taxonomically appropriate control genes for comparisons of gene expression among species.
Efficient context-free grammar constraints

With the introduction of constraints based on finite automata a new line of research has opened where constraints are based on formal languages. Recently, constraints based on grammars higher up in the Chomsky hierarchy were introduced. We devise a time- and space-efficient incremental arc-consistency algorithm for context-free grammars. Particularly, we show how to filter a sequence of monotonically tightening problems in cubic time and quadratic space. Experiments on a scheduling problem show orders of magnitude improvements in time and space consumption.
Fiber‐optic Fabry–Perot flow sensor

A new design of a vortex-shedding flowmeter with a fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer (FFPI) as the sensing element is described here to measure the liquid flow velocity in a pipe. The flow velocity is determined by measuring the frequency at which the reflected optical power from the FFPI is modulated. Experimentally, a linear dependence of optical modulation frequency on flow velocity is observed over the range from 0.14 to 3.0 m/s, in good agreement with theoretical prediction. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 209–211, 1998.
Flash-memory based digital filter and baseband modulator for FQPSK transmitter

The ROM-based filter concept can be extended to include the complete baseband modulator for an FQPSK transmitter. Using Intel flash memories instead of ROMs, a low-power baseband modulator can be designed with a very small chip count and with the ability to re-program not only for different filter functions, but also for different baseband modulation schemes.
High bit rate ultrasonic communication through metal channels

As low cost, low power wireless networking technologies continue to gain popularity in industrial control and remote sensing applications, greater demand is being placed on network reliability and robustness. The numerous metallic objects found in many industrial environments can make reliable RF coverage difficult to obtain. In cases where system components are physically isolated from one another by metallic barriers (e.g. bulkheads or storage tank walls), direct RF communication between components is not possible. Prior research into the use of ultrasonic signaling as a means of passing data across metallic barriers has proven successful, but it has been observed that acoustic echoing in the channel leads to significant intersymbol interference (ISI) when symbol rate approaches the hundred kilosymbol/second range. An echo cancelation technique was developed to partially suppress these echoes, but its performance was limited due to simplicity of the channel model used. In this paper, we develop a more accurate channel model and use it as the basis for constructing an improved echo cancelation pulse. The new pulse suppresses echoes to a level comparable to the RMS noise amplitude of the channel, greatly reducing ISI. The resulting transceiver is capable of transmitting data at over 5 Mbps using simple pulse amplitude modulation (PAM). This technique thus represents a data rate increase by a factor of five over prior work.
Mechanism of crystal redistribution in a sheet-like magma body: Constraints from the Nosappumisaki and other shoshonite intrusions in the Nemuro peninsula, Northern Japan

Processes of crystal separation in a magma heavily laden with crystals without phase change are investigated from observations on frozen magma systems: Nosappumisaki and other shoshonite intrusions in the Nemuro peninsula, Japan, for which the origin of the crystals and the initial conditions are well constrained. The Nosappumisaki intrusion is 120 m in thickness and extends for more than 1� 5 km. It exhibits a wide range of lithological variation, principally as a result of crystal redistribution after intrusion. Crystals in each lithology can be clearly divided into two kinds according to their composition and texture: those present before the intrusion of the magma (‘ phenocrysts’) and those that crystallized in situ after intrusion. From the vertical change in mode and size of ‘ phenocrysts’, it is shown that (1) augite ‘ phenocrysts’ were rapidly deposited, with little overgrowth after intrusion, by significant coagulation or clustering on a time-scale of more than a few years, and (2) plagioclase ‘ phenocrysts’, definitely denser than the melt but concentrated in the upper level, floated by counter flow of massive deposition of augite ‘ phenocrysts’. These results indicate that in a magma heavily laden with crystals of a few millimeters in size (>20 vol. %), crystal–crystal and crystal–melt interaction play an important role in the separation of crystals from the host melt.
Life history and the early origins of health differentials.

Current epidemiologic models concerning the fetal origins of later health risk are evaluated from the perspectives of evolutionary and developmental biology. Claims of adaptive value for and biological status of fetal programming are critically examined. Life history theory is applied to identify key trade-offs in adaptive strategies that constrain developmental design to use information from the environment to guide ontogeny and establish cost–benefit trade-offs that weigh early survival advantage against remote or unlikely future costs. Expectable environments of evolutionary adaptedness, particularly of gestation, are characterized and their impact on human adaptive design discussed. The roles of neuroendocrine mechanisms in scaffolding life course development, negotiating ongoing cost–benefit trade-offs, and mediating their long-term impacts on function and health are reviewed in detail. Overviews of gestational biology and the postnatal physiologic, cognitive-affective, and behavioral effects of gestational stress identify a shared central role for the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Rather than merely mediating stress responses, the axis emerges an agent of resource allocation that draws a common thread among conditions of gestation, postnatal environments, and functional and health-related outcomes. The preponderance of evolutionary and developmental analysis identifies environments as agents on both sides of the health risk equation, by influencing vulnerabilities and capacities established in early and later life course development, and determining exposures and demands encountered over the life course. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 17:95–112, 2005. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analysis by Synthesis: A (Re-)Emerging Program of Research for Language and Vision

This contribution reviews (some of) the history of analysis by synthesis, an approach to perception and comprehension articulated in the 1950s. Whereas much research has focused on bottom-up, feed-forward, inductive mechanisms, analysis by synthesis as a heuristic model emphasizes a balance of bottom-up and knowledge-driven, top-down, predictive steps in speech perception and language comprehension. This idea aligns well with contemporary Bayesian approaches to perception (in language and other domains), which are illustrated with examples from different aspects of perception and comprehension. Results from psycholinguistics, the cognitive neuroscience of language, and visual object recognition suggest that analysis by synthesis can provide a productive way of structuring biolinguistic research. Current evidence suggests that such a model is theoretically well motivated, biologically sensible, and becomes computationally tractable borrowing from Bayesian formalizations.
Low birth weight, intrauterine growth-retarded, and pre-term infants : A research strategy.

Low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity are overwhelming risk factors associated with infant mortality and morbidity. The lack of efficacious prenatal screening tests for these three outcomes illuminates the problems inherent in bivariate estimates of association. A biocultural strategy for research is presented, integrating societal and familial levels of analysis with the metabolic, immune, vascular, and neuroendocrine systems of the body. Policy decisions, it is argued, need to be based on this type of biocultural information in order to impact the difficult-to-change problems of low birth weight, intrauterine growth retardation, and prematurity.
Description of the Immature Stages of Nothoaspis reddelli (Ixodoidea: Argasidae) from Bat Caves in Mexico

The nymph and larva of Nothoaspis reddelli Keirans and Clifford are described from 7 collections from bat caves in the states of Campeche, Yucatan, and Tabasco, Mexico. This monotypic genus was previously known from only 3 males taken on bat guano in a cave in Campeche.
Size Effect on Fatigue Behavior in Structural Ceramics

Three-point bending, 4-point bending and tensile fatigue tests were carried out on sintered silicon nitride at room temperature and 1000°C, and size effect on the fatigue behavior was discussed. The difference in room temperature fatigue behavior estimated by different testing methods was explained by effective volume of the surface layer with a depth of 100μm. At high temperature, the difference was explained substantially by the effective volume of the whole specimen, but, the tensile fatigue data did not agree with the bending one in a low stress region in spite of the data correction by effective volume. The different cavitation effects on crack growth properties under bending and tensile loading conditions were considered to be responsible for the disagreement.
The algebra Uq(sl2) in disguise

Abstract We discuss a connection between the algebra U q ( sl 2 ) and the tridiagonal pairs of q -Racah type. To describe the connection, let x , y ± 1 , z denote the equitable generators for U q ( sl 2 ) . Let U q ∨ denote the subalgebra of U q ( sl 2 ) generated by x , y − 1 , z . Using a tridiagonal pair of q -Racah type we construct two finite-dimensional U q ∨ -modules. The constructions yield two nonstandard presentations of U q ∨ by generators and relations. These presentations are investigated in detail.
Osseous and Extra-Osseous uptake patterns on a Bone Scan: A Pictorial review

1927 Learning Objectives Pattern recognition is widely used in nuclear medicine, the presence of which allows for a confident diagnosis or may help narrow down the differential. This exhibit reviews and highlights the various characteristic osseous and extra-osseous uptake patterns seen on a bone scan. Pictorial review of various osseous uptake patterns: Primary and metastatic bone tumors, infection/osteomyelitis, trauma and fractures, spondylolysis, stress fractures, shin splints, pagets disease, avascular necrosis, Spondylolysis. Pictorial review of various extra-osseous uptake patterns: Heart: MI, amyloidosis, drug toxicity, prior myocardial perfusion Lung: lung cancer, radiation, malignant pleural effusion Secondary hyperparathyroidism Breast: breast cancer, mastitis, lactation, trauma Liver: metastasis, hepatoma, Spleen: infarct (sickle cell) Kidneys: dehydration, obstruction, drug toxicity, Hydronephrosis, Horse shoe kidney Stomach: free pertechnetate in bowel: ischemic bowel Abdomen: malignant ascites, omental caking, Hematoma, enterovesical fistula Muscle: myositis ossificans, bone flap viability, extremity Hemangiomas The pictorial review highlights the various osseous and extra-osseous uptake patterns that a nuclear medicine physician should be aware of while interpreting the bone scan images Research Support None
Rabies Surveillance in Sichuan Province,2010

Objective To analyze the epidemic situation among the exposed people in rabies surveillance sites of Sichuan province,provide effective evidence for its prevention and control.Methods Selected 6 counties in Sichuan province with high prevelance of rabies during 2005-2009 as surveillance sites.In each site,selected 1 county CDC and dog related injury clinics in 2 town hospitals to register the situation of dog/cat related injuries and disposed of the cases.Immunofluorescence method was adopted for detection of infected dog from 258 dog's samples collected in 3 surveillance sites.Established database by using Epidata 3.02,and data was analyzed with Excel 2007.Results Totally 4 835 cases from 6 surveillance sites were registered in 2010,the male to female ratio was 1.05∶1.Among the cases,exposed children aged under 15 years accounted for 32.60%,people exposed during June to September accounted for 45.93%,exposed at the limbs accounted for 66.39% and grade Ⅲ exposure accounted for 55.56%.Vaccination rate of the exposed people was 98.87%,immune globulins injection rate of people with grade Ⅲ exposure was 23.49%.Conclusions In the number of visits to dog related injury clinics in 6 surveillance sites,males and females had the equal number,exposed cases mainly in low age groups,mostly exposed in summer and autumn,exposed mainly on the lower limbs.Most people had low awareness of using immune globulins after rabies exposure.Training on disposal of dog related injury for doctors in rural town hospitals,advocacy on farmers' knowledge of rabies prevention and wound disposal should be strengthened.
What is OSHA and how does it impact i.v. nurses

A brief history of why the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was created and the purpose of OSHA is provided. Both employee and employer rights and responsibilities are discussed briefly. The process for enacting standards intended to protect employees is described followed by a detailed discussion of OSHA's standard, which relates directly to the practice of intravenous nurses.
Do Parental Concerns Predict Developmental and Behavioral Diagnoses in a Developmental Clinic

Parental concerns are useful tools to help pediatric care providers identify the presence of developmental and behavioral problems. This study sought to learn whether specific parental concerns helped predict diagnoses in a tertiary developmental clinic. Parents of preschoolers who attended a preschool developmental clinic (n = 101) were surveyed about behavioral and developmental concerns and their concerns about possible diagnoses. Clinical diagnoses were subsequently obtained on all children and compared with parents' primary concerns. In our sample, approximately 50% of concerns were about language development and 21% about behavior. The most common diagnoses were communication disorder (41%) and developmental delay (42%). Only 30% of children whose parents had concerns about an autism spectrum diagnosis had actually received that diagnosis. Neither parental concerns about development and behavior nor their concerns about specific diagnosis predict clinical diagnosis in our tertiary developmental setting.
Use of Fresnel solar concentrator for sustainable steam generation in textile industry of Pakistan

Textile and Leather industries require hot water and steam extensively in different processes. To generate steam and heat oil, these industries use natural gas and heavy furnace oil. Natural gas is contributing 43.2% & Oil is contributing 34.12% in Pakistan's energy mix. But, currently the country is facing extreme natural gas shortages and Oil prices in the past few years have exponentially increased. As an alternate source of energy in Pakistan, solar energy can be used as the geographical location of Pakistan suits harnessing solar energy. This paper presents the designing and modeling of solar concentrator using Fresnel mirrors to provide an alternate source for steam generation and hot water supply for the industry. Solar irradiation data for the concentrator at different solar angles is simulated using MATLAB to calculate an optimal angle and amount of solar irradiation present in the region and an angle of 30 degree was selected. To determine the temperature of the concentrator laboratory scale model on area of 2m2 was set up and series of experiments were performed and a temperature difference of 150°C was achieved at the exit of evacuated tube. COMSOL was used to simulate heat exchanger and steam at temperature 110°C was obtained during simulation.
Inequality, Redistribution, and the Individualism-Collectivism Dimension of Culture

This paper examines the relationship between culture, inequality, and redistribution, focusing on the individualism-collectivism dimension of culture. Perhaps surprisingly, countries with more individualistic cultures have significantly lower levels of after-tax income inequality and greater income redistribution. This finding also holds when using instruments for individualism suggested by the literature on cross-cultural psychology, including historical pathogen prevalence and linguistic and genetic characteristics, to address reverse causality, and is driven by higher-income countries. In higher income countries, individualism is positively correlated with generalized trust and tolerance of outsiders and negatively correlated with belief in traditional gender roles. In contrast, in lower income countries, individualism is associated with a stronger emphasis on self-reliance and the benefits of competition.
Combinations of avibactam and carbapenems exhibit enhanced potencies against drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus.

Aim: The objective of this study was to assess if avibactam, a new β-lactamase inhibitor, can restore the potency of carbapenems, a sub-class of β-lactams, against Mycobacterium abscessus clinical isolates. Materials & methods: 28 M. abscessus clinical isolates that are resistant to multiple drugs currently used to treat its infection were included. MIC of carbapenems alone and in combination with avibactam against these strains were determined. Results: Tebipenem, an oral carbapenem, and ertapenem and panipenem exhibited the greatest shift in MIC when supplemented with avibactam. Conclusion: Avibactam restores MICs of tebipenem, ertapenem and panipenem against M. abscessus to therapeutically achievable concentrations and raises the possibility of usefulness of these carbapenems to treat drug-resistant M. abscessus infections.
Detecting ROP with Statistical Learning of Program Characteristics

Return-Oriented Programming (ROP) has emerged as one of the most widely used techniques to exploit software vulnerabilities. Unfortunately, existing ROP protections suffer from a number of shortcomings: they require access to source code and compiler support, focus on specific types of gadgets, depend on accurate disassembly and construction of Control Flow Graphs, or use hardware-dependent (microarchitectural) characteristics. In this paper, we propose EigenROP, a novel system to detect ROP payloads based on unsupervised statistical learning of program characteristics. We study, for the first time, the feasibility and effectiveness of using microarchitecture-independent program characteristics -- namely, memory locality, register traffic, and memory reuse distance -- for detecting ROP. We propose a novel directional statistics based algorithm to identify deviations from the expected program characteristics during execution. EigenROP works transparently to the protected program, without requiring debug information, source code or disassembly. We implemented a dynamic instrumentation prototype of EigenROP using Intel Pin and measured it against in-the-wild ROP exploits and on payloads generated by the ROP compiler ROPC. Overall, EigenROP achieved significantly higher accuracy than prior anomaly-based solutions. It detected the execution of the ROP gadget chains with 81% accuracy, 80% true positive rate, only 0.8% false positive rate, and incurred comparable overhead to similar Pin-based solutions.
Proline content of grapes and wines

The proline, ammonia and total nitrogen content of some California grapes and the praline, total free amino acids and total nitrogen of the wines have been measured. The juice contains the predominant amount of the proline (50 to 80 %) in the grape cluster ; while the skins and seeds contain in excess of 50 % of the total nitrogen. Very little proline is found in the stems. A moderate portion is in the pulp (5 to 20 %). The praline can make up from 5 to 43 % of the total nitrogen in the juice depending o n vari ety and on grape m aturity. The Cabernet family of grapes appears to have highest percentages of prnline. A large percentage of the total amino acid left in the wine is in the form of proline. The amount of proline in the wine can vary from O to about 90 % of the total nitrogen. The wines with larger amounts of total nitrogen have higher percentages of residual proline. Rootstock affects the amount of total nitrogen but does not appear to affect the ratio of proline to total nitrogen. Th e ranges found in California grape juices range from 304 to 4600 mg/l of proline and in the wines from O to 3400 mg/l of proline. The average proline value for 78 juices was calculated as 742 mg/l and for the tabul ated data of 42 wines (from mainly cool climate grapes) - one half fermented on the skins the other half not - an average value of 869 mg/l of proline was found.
Sensitivity analysis of the seismic demands of RC moment resisting frames to different aspects of ground motions

Summary A weight vector representing the relative importance of various characteristics of ground motions (GMs) and a conditioning intensity measure (IM) are required to be able to use the generalized conditional IM framework for the purpose of GM selection. An inappropriate weight vector may result in the biased distributions of some important characteristics of GMs and, consequently, the bias in the structural responses. This article aims to provide the analyst with the understanding of which properties of GMs are important in capturing the accurate structural responses, to specifically assign a suitable weight to them and to select an appropriate conditioning IM as well. To this end, 4 reinforced concrete buildings, located at the site in which the seismic hazard is dominated by shallow crustal earthquakes, are considered. The findings reveal that the appropriate weight vectors depend on the characteristics of the employed structural systems. In addition, the role played by each IM in capturing the true structural responses changes over different earthquake intensity levels implying that different weight vectors are required over different earthquake levels. Furthermore, this study shows that, even in case of shorter-duration GMs from shallow events, GM duration should be incorporated in GM selection as it has effects on the peak-based structural responses in the earthquake levels beyond the level of 2%-in-50-years. Specifically, the findings reveal that in case of shallow events, unlike large magnitude earthquakes, the shorter the duration of GM the more rapid release of energy and, consequently, the larger the peak-based structural responses.
THE END OF BETTERMENT ACCOUNTING: A STUDY OF THE ECONOMIC, PROFESSIONAL, AND REGULATORY FACTORS THAT FOSTERED STANDARDS CONVERGENCE IN THE U.S. RAILROAD INDUSTRY, 1955–1983

On January 26, 1983, the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) announced that it would require all railroads under its regulatory jurisdiction to change from Retirement-Replacement-Betterment (RRB) accounting, to a more theoretically sound depreciation accounting for matching revenues and expenses. The change was needed because RRB did not allow for the recapture of track investment, leaving the railroads with limited capital to replace aging track lines. Over the previous three decades, it had become painfully obvious to everyone that the industry's economic woes were the result of archaic accounting procedures that lacked harmony with the rest of American accounting standards, but the ICC was reluctant to change until new tax legislation in the early 1980s forced the issue. The decision was a culmination of a debate that started in the mid-1950s when Arthur Andersen, with the help of the securities industry, began an effort to harmonize railroad and industry standards using arguments that mirror those su...
Attitudes and Barriers to Healthy Diet and Physical Activity: A Latent Profile Analysis.

Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) prevent and reduce chronic disease. Social cognitive theory delineates multiple attitudes and barriers that influence these behaviors. Understanding covariation in these attitudes and barriers is complex. We examined whether individuals could be grouped into a small number of categories that are easier to study. Interviews were conducted with 982 adults from two low-income, predominantly African American neighborhoods in the same city. Social cognitive constructs, including self-efficacy, social norms, and internal and external barriers to diet and exercise, and walking were self-reported. We measured moderate to vigorous physical activity with accelerometers and diet with 24-hour recalls. We conducted a latent profile analysis of attitudes and barriers to diet and PA and identified four classes: (a) moderate diet and negative exercise attitudes, where participants were roughly average on dietary attitudes but reported exercise-related challenges, including lower so...
Ovarian Lipid Metabolism Modulates Circulating Lipids in Premenopausal Women.

Context The premenopausal circulating lipid profile may be linked to the hormonal profile and ovarian lipid metabolism. Objective Assess how estradiol, progesterone, and ovarian lipid metabolism contributes to the premenopausal lipid profile; and evaluate the acute effects of a common hormonal oral contraceptive (OC) on circulating lipids. Design Experimental crossover with repeated measures. Setting Academic hospitals. Patients Eight healthy, regularly menstruating women. Interventions Participants underwent periodic serum sampling during a normal menstrual cycle; a standard 21-day, monophasic combined hormonal OC cycle (30 µg of ethinyl estradiol and 150 µg of levonorgestrel per day); menopause simulated by leuprolide acetate (22.5-mg depot); and an artificial menstrual cycle achieved via transdermal estradiol (50 to 300 µg/d) and vaginal micronized progesterone (100 to 300 mg/d). Main outcome measures Primary outcomes included evaluation of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and the total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio. To estimate the effect of estradiol, progesterone, and ovarian lipid metabolism, all specimens except those from the OC cycle were analyzed. Subgroup analysis was conducted on the follicular and luteal phases. In a separate analysis, the effect of the OC was evaluated relative to the normal menstrual cycle. Results Estradiol was significantly associated with increased levels of HDL cholesterol throughout the menstrual cycle and in the follicular phase. Ovarian effects were associated with reduced lipid levels, especially during the luteal phase. The OC was associated with an increased total cholesterol to HDL cholesterol ratio and triglycerides. Conclusion Previously unappreciated factors including ovarian lipid metabolism may contribute to the premenopausal lipid profile.