cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Violence within Home and Community Environments and Psychopathic Tendencies in Detained Adolescents

Prior studies have reported correlations between childhood abuse and antisocial behavior and psychopathy, which suggest that exposure to violence may be a risk factor for the development of psychopathy. However, prior studies are largely limited to retrospective studies of adult samples and studies of violence within the home environment. To increase our understanding of risk factors relevant to the development of psychopathy, we investigated associations between self-reports of exposure to violence within the home and community and psychopathic traits in adolescents. A total of 147 adolescents at an Illinois detention center completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Community Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) and were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist: Youth Version (PCL:YV). CEQ and CTQ total scores were associated with psychopathy scores. Moreover, exposure to violence within the community correlated uniquely with scores on the interpersonal, behavioral, and antisocial factor of psychopathy, and exposure to home violence was uniquely related to behavioral factor scores. Results highlight the potential contribution of environmental factors to core components of psychopathy. Language: en
Taking the Pulse of Leaders to Optimize and Direct Employee Energy at Work

© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ert.21437 The news reports are alarming. CEO turnover is at record highs while employee disengagement is on the rise. Growth and innovation are necessary to compete, but employees are burned out, tired of being tied to technology, and frustrated by lack of promotion and salary increases. Managers are working managers who are multitasking and not at their best, and their employers do not have adequate budget or time to train them. At the same time, HR professionals are trying to use their human capital data to predict and help curtail losses while maximizing growth. In this article, we describe strategies to reduce these problems with minimal cost. The suggestions come from results of several large-scale research projects that predict firm performance. In this work, we first found that a culture with a high sense of urgency was critical for firm-level success. As the sense of urgency increases, employers need to provide value to employees. When urgency and value were in balance, the data show that growth and profitability follow. With compelling research findings, business executives began to ask us how to operationalize the work. How does a company maintain a high sense of urgency and still assure employees are valued and at their best? Responding to these questions, we developed a diagnostic tool with 15 questions called the Valour Pulse to assess the levels of energy and urgency and show how these interact to either increase or decrease engagement and performance. We use the acronym VALOUR to represent the four key constructs that make up the Valour Pulse:
Patterned Growth in Extreme Environments

Abstract—In the search for life on Mars and other extraterrestrial bodies, one of the biggest problems facing us is, how do we recognize life or the remains of ancient life when we find it? We will need to recognize residual patterns left by life. One approach to recognizing these kinds of patterns is look at patterns created and left by life in extreme environments here on Earth.
A chalcone-related small molecule that induces methuosis, a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death, in glioblastoma cells

Methuosis is a unique form of non-apoptotic cell death triggered by alterations in the trafficking of clathrin-independent endosomes, ultimately leading to extreme vacuolization and rupture of the cell. Here we describe a novel chalcone-like molecule, 3-(2-m ethyl-1H- i ndol-3-yl)-1-(4-p yridinyl)-2-p ropen-1-one (MIPP) that induces cell death with the hallmarks of methuosis. MIPP causes rapid accumulation of vacuoles derived from macropinosomes, based on time-lapse microscopy and labeling with extracellular fluid phase tracers. Vacuolization can be blocked by the cholesterol-interacting compound, filipin, consistent with the origin of the vacuoles from non-clathrin endocytic compartments. Although the vacuoles rapidly acquire some characteristics of late endosomes (Rab7, LAMP1), they remain distinct from lysosomal and autophagosomal compartments, suggestive of a block at the late endosome/lysosome boundary. MIPP appears to target steps in the endosomal trafficking pathway involving Rab5 and Rab7, as evidenced by changes in the activation states of these GTPases. These effects are specific, as other GTPases (Rac1, Arf6) are unaffected by the compound. Cells treated with MIPP lose viability within 2-3 days, but their nuclei show no evidence of apoptotic changes. Inhibition of caspase activity does not protect the cells, consistent with a non-apoptotic death mechanism. U251 glioblastoma cells selected for temozolomide resistance showed sensitivity to MIPP-induced methuosis that was comparable to the parental cell line. MIPP might serve as a prototype for new drugs that could be used to induce non-apoptotic death in cancers that have become refractory to agents that work through DNA damage and apoptotic mechanisms.
Subcellular distribution of prostaglandin and gonadotropin receptors in bovine corpora lutea

Abstract The subcellular distribution of prostaglandin (PG) E 1 , F 2 α and gonadotropin receptors in bovine corpora lutea was critically examined by preparing various subcellular fractions, assaying for various marker enzymes to assess the purity and examining 3 H-PGE 1 , 3 H-PGF 2 α and 125 I-human lutropin (hLH) specific binding. The marker enzyme data suggested that subcellular fractions were relatively pure with little or no cross contamination. The binding of 3 H-PGs and 125 I-hLH was markedly enriched in plasma membranes with respect to homogenate. The other subcellular fractions also exhibited binding despite very little or no detectable 5′-nucleotidase activity. If 5′-nucleotidase was assumed to lack sensitivity and reliability to detect minor contamination with plasma membranes and 3 H-PGs or 125 I-hLH binding were used as sensitive plasma membrane markers, it was still difficult to explain binding in other fractions based on plasma membrane contamination. Therefore, these results lead to the inevitable conclusion that plasma membranes were primary (or one of the primary) but not exclusive sites for PGE 1 , PGF 2 α and gonadotropin receptors.
The Vitamin B12 Content of Fresh and Stored Shell Eggs

Abstract THE vitamin B12 content of fresh and stored shell eggs has been determined as part of a study of changes in composition occurring when shell eggs are kept in cold storage. Losses of nutrients during holding and storage of shell eggs are of importance, because large numbers of eggs are stored for extended times and because fresh eggs are usually several days old before they are eaten. According to previous work from this laboratory, eggs stored for twelve months lost 18 percent of the niacin, 51 percent of the vitamin B6, 14 percent of the riboflavin, 8 percent of the pantothenic acid, and 27 percent of the folic acid (Evans et al., 1951b, c, 1952a, b, 1953a) but did not lose choline nor biotin (Evans et al., 1951a, 1953b). Data are herein presented which show a loss of vitamin B12 from shell eggs that had been stored for twelve months.
Effectiveness of percutaneous coronary intervention in cardiac allograft vasculopathy.

Twenty-five heart transplant recipients underwent 45 coronary interventions at a mean of 7.8 ± 2.2 years from time of transplant. Periprocedural success was high, and there was a trend toward better outcomes in the group that underwent stent deployment compared with conventional balloon angioplasty.
VHL protein‐interacting deubiquitinating enzyme 2 deubiquitinates and stabilizes HIF‐1α

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is a short-lived protein and is ubiquitinated and degraded through the von Hippel–Lindau protein (pVHL)–E3 ubiquitin ligase pathway at normoxia. Deubiquitination, by reversing ubiquitination, has been recognized as an important regulatory step in ubiquitination-related processes. Here, we show that pVHL-interacting deubiquitinating enzyme 2, VDU2, but not VDU1, interacts with HIF-1α. VDU2 can specifically deubiquitinate and stabilize HIF-1α and, therefore, increase expression of HIF-1α targeted genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These findings suggest that ubiquitination of HIF-1α is a dynamic process and that ubiquitinated HIF-1α might be rescued from degradation by VDU2 through deubiquitination. Although pVHL functions as a master control for HIF-1α stabilization, as pVHL–E3 ligase mediates the ubiquitination of both HIF-1α and VDU2, the balance between the pVHL-mediated ubiquitination and VDU2-mediated deubiquitination of HIF-1α provides another level of control for HIF-1α stabilization.
Scavenger receptor class B type I expression and elemental analysis in cerebellum and parietal cortex regions of the Alzheimer's disease brain ☆

Metal ions play an important role in health and disease by influencing cellular biochemical pathways. The increased concentrations of some metal ions may have cytotoxic effects through their ability to oxidatively modify biomolecules, which may cause oxidative stress-induced brain cell death leading to neurodegenerative disorders observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We therefore performed elemental analysis of human brain tissues by a sophisticated method of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in two regions of the AD brain, the parietal cortex and cerebellum, and compared them with the age-matched control. Our analysis shows the differential distribution of some metal ions in the two regions of the brain. Most importantly, Si, Sn, Al and Mn showed significantly higher levels in the parietal cortex of the AD brain compared to the control. The other metal ions showing moderate increases in the parietal cortex were Na, Te, Cr, Fe and B. Since these metal ions can modify lipoproteins in the brain and modified lipoproteins are taken up by scavenger receptors class B type I (SR-BI), we also determined the presence of SR-BI in the parietal cortex and cerebellum regions of the control and AD brains using a sensitive method, the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Our results suggest that SR-BI are present in the parietal cortex as well as in the cerebellum of the control and AD brains, suggesting that the presence of SR-BI may be involved in the uptake of oxidatively modified lipoproteins and β-amyloid (Aβ) protein complexed with apoE, suggesting implications in the progression of late onset AD and other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the deposition of insoluble aggregates observed in the AD brain.
Variance in multiplex suspension array assays: intraplex method improves reliability

Flow cytometry based suspended microarray assays are susceptible to many sources of variance; multi-well replication and inter-instrument reproducibility is uncertain. An "intraplex" method was developed in order to minimize differences in sample readings between instruments. A full intraplex assay consists of a set m of microparticle set classifications assaying for the same analyte, with each of the m classifier sets having different sensitivity to analyte, and n classifier sets replicating each of the m levels of sensitivity, where m > 1 (generally m > 4 would be used). The intraplex method can compensate adequately for the sources of variance that have been identified in suspended microarray assays. It requires no changes to current equipment in use, and is a superior method of constructing precision assays. Additionally, Luminex® users may want to consider the evidence that shows that despite calibration to the same standard, two instruments may not give similar results for all concentrations of analytes.
Identification of b-/y-ions in MS/MS spectra using a two stage neural network

Independent of the approach used, the ability to correctly interpret tandem MS data depends on the quality of the original spectra. Even in the case of the highest quality spectra, the majority of spectral peaks can not be reliably interpreted. The accuracy of sequencing algorithms can be improved by filtering out such 'noise' peaks. Preprocessing MS/MS spectra to select informative ion peaks increases accuracy and reduces the processing time. Intuitively, the mix of informative versus non-informative peaks has a direct effect on the quality and size of the resulting candidate peptide search space. As the number of selected peaks increases, the corresponding search space increases exponentially. If we select too few peaks then the ion-ladder interpretation of the spectrum will contain gaps that can only be explained by permutations of combinations of amino acids. This will result in a larger candidate peptide search space and poorer quality candidates. The dependency that peptide sequencing accuracy has on an initial peak selection regime makes this preprocessing step a crucial facet of any approach, whether de novo or not, to MS/MS spectra interpretation.
Intrinsic repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in the axolotl salamander.

Summary Objective The ability to fully regenerate lost limbs has made the axolotl salamander ( Ambystoma mexicanum ) a valuable model for studies of tissue regeneration. The current experiments investigate the ability of these vertebrates to repair large articular cartilage defects and restore normal hyaline cartilage and joint structure independent of limb amputation. Methods Full-thickness articular cartilage defects were made by resection of the medial femoral condyle to the level of the metaphysis. At 0, 2 days, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 weeks post-surgery, the repair process was analyzed on H&E and Safranin-O stained 7μm tissue sections. Symmetric Kullback–Leibler (SKL) divergences were used to assess proteoglycan staining intensities. Immunohistochemistry was performed for collagen types I and II. Results A fibrous "interzone-like" tissue occupies the intraarticular space of the axolotl femorotibial joint and no evidence of joint cavitation was observed. By 4 weeks post-surgery, cells within the defect site exhibited morphological similarities to those of the interzone-like tissue. At 24 weeks, joint structure and cartilaginous tissue repair were confirmed by immunohistochemistry for collagen types I and II. Quantitation of Safranin-O staining indicated restoration of proteoglycan content by 18 weeks. Conclusions The axolotl femorotibial joint has morphological similarities to the developing mammalian diarthrodial joint. Cells in the intraarticular space may be homologous to the interzone tissue and contribute to intrinsic repair of full-thickness articular cartilage defects. Taken together, these results suggest that the axolotl may serve as a valuable model for the investigation of cellular and molecular mechanisms that achieve full articular cartilage repair.
The Legacy of Keynes

The author reviews the contribution of John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946) to current economic thought and contrasts Keynes's analysis with more orthodox theory in terms of allocation-efficiency and stabilization-efficiency. Before tackling Part 1 of the article, readers may wish to go to Parts 2 and 3 to explore the inferences drawn from the nonneutrality of money and the instability that this may engender. The discussion is controversial and thought-provoking.
Cottonwood Leaf Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Performance in Relation to Variable Phytochemistry in Juvenile Aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.)

Abstract Larval performance of the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta F., was evaluated in relation to genetic variation in phytochemical characteristics among first year micropropagated ramets of five aspen clones (Populus tremuloides Michx.). Foliage from the juvenile ramets used in this experiment exhibited moderate variation in nitrogen, phenolic glycosides, and condensed tannin concentrations among clones, and overall, had very high levels of phenolic glycosides (15–22% dry weight) and low levels of condensed tannins (4–6% dry weight). Results from performance assays indicate that genetic differences among aspen clones resulted in only marginal differences in larval performance of this specialist leaf beetle. Although tannin levels were quite low in the juvenile trees, larval growth rate was reduced by 30% with increasing condensed tannin concentrations (R2 = 0.209). Recent evidence suggests that aspen undergoes ontogenetic shifts in foliar concentrations of secondary metabolites resulting in...
Occlusal traumatism—its pathological effects and diagnosis

The pathological effects of occlusal disturbances may be seen in the temporomandibular articulation and related musculature and in certain periodontal tissues. Periodontal traumatism may be primary or secondary. The treatment of primary traumatism usually requires only changes in the force applied on a tooth; treatment of secondary traumatism requires many procedures, sometimes including permanent splinting. Occlusal overloading is not an etiological factor in gingivitis, gingival hyperplasia, or pocket formation, and ordinarily will not cause gingival recession, gingival clefts or resorption of the alveolar crest.
Selling through the Senses: Sensory Appeals in the Fashion Retail Environment

AbstractWithin the retail environment, appeals to our five basic senses (sight, smell, hearing, touch, and taste) play a significant role in how customers experience, evaluate, and purchase a product. This article provides an overview of the history of sensory marketing research and theory, and explores a cross-section of contemporary studies investigating the impact of sensory appeals in the retail environment, particularly in fashion retail settings.
Lessons from the youth: simplicity and insightfulness.

![Figure][1] “Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.” — Leonardo da Vinci [(1)][2] This issue marks my assumption of the role of Editor-in-Chief of JACC , the Journal of the American College of Cardiology . I recognize the legacy and responsibility that this position holds,
Rotational spectroscopy of ClZnCH3 (X1A1): Gas-phase synthesis and characterization of a monomeric Grignard-type reagent

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of the organozinc halide, ClZnCH 3 ( X 1 A 1 ), has been measured using Fourier-transform microwave (FTMW) and millimeter-wave direct-absorption methods in the frequency range 10–296 GHz. This work is the first study of ClZnCH 3 by gas-phase spectroscopy. The molecule was created in a DC discharge from the reaction of zinc vapor, produced either by a Broida-type oven or by laser ablation, with chloromethane in what appears to be a metal insertion process. Rotational and chlorine quadrupole constants were determined for three zinc isotopologues. The Zn Cl bond was found to be partly ionic and significantly shorter than in EtZnCl.
High-Throughput Capillary Electrophoresis–Mass Spectrometry: From Analysis of Amino Acids to Analysis of Protein Complexes

Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) interfacing using porous tip is leading to commercialization of CE-MS with a sheathless interface for the first time. The new sheathless interface in conjunction with CE capillary coatings using self-coating background electrolytes (BGE) has significantly simplified CE-MS analysis of complex mixtures. CE-MS, with its high separation efficiency, compound identification capability, and ability to rapidly separate compounds with a wide range of mass and charge while consuming only nanoliters of samples, has become a valuable analytical technique for the analysis of complex biological mixtures. These advances have allowed a single capillary to analyze a range of compounds including amino acids, their D/L enantiomers, protein digests, intact proteins, and protein complexes. With these capabilities, CE-MS is poised to become the multipurpose tool of separation scientists. More recently, an eight-capillary CE in conjunction with an 8-inlet mass spectrometry has allowed 8 CE-MS analyses to be performed concurrently, significantly increasing throughput.
Effects of virus infection on physical performance in man.

Abstract : Nine subjects (seven experimentals, two controls) were studied in order to measure physical performance before, during and after an experimentally induced episode of sandfly fever. During the fever, experimental subjects displayed decreases in measures of isometric muscle strength and isokinetic knee extensor strength at 36/second. Three out of the seven subjects were unable to complete a submaximal exercise walk during the fever. Rectal temperature was elevated throughout the walk, but no other physiological parameter was significantly altered. After fever, submaximal exercise performance and muscle strength were similar to the prefever values. Our results indicate that a mild viral infection will diminish isometric strength during fever, as well as cause a marked effect upon the ability and/or willingness of some individuals to perform exercise at gradually increasing intensity. Originator supplied keyword: Reprints.
Reducing secondhand smoke exposure of children undergoing surgery

OBJECTIVE To determine the attitudes and beliefs of both parents and surgical clinicians regarding interventions to reduce secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in children undergoing surgery. METHODS Structured interviews were conducted with 25 parents of children scheduled for elective procedures and 10 surgical clinicians. RESULTS Major themes identified in parent interviews included: (1) parents are receptive to learning about the surgical risks posed by SHS exposure; (2) many are already attempting to reduce SHS exposure, and; (3) parents are more accepting of SHS mitigation procedure than a recommendation to quit smoking. Clinicians were receptive to addressing perioperative SHS exposure. CONCLUSIONS Both parents and clinicians are receptive to clinician-delivered interventions to reduce the SHS exposure of children scheduled for elective surgery.
Activation of an Otherwise Silent Xylose Metabolic Pathway in Shewanella oneidensis

ABSTRACT Shewanella oneidensis is unable to metabolize the sugar xylose as a carbon and energy source. In the present study, an otherwise silent xylose catabolic pathway was activated in S. oneidensis by following an adaptive evolution strategy. Genome-wide scans indicated that the S. oneidensis genome encoded two proteins similar to the xylose oxido-reductase pathway enzymes xylose reductase (SO_0900) and xylulokinase (SO_4230), and purified SO_0900 and SO_4230 displayed xylose reductase and xylulokinase activities, respectively. The S. oneidensis genome was missing, however, an Escherichia coli XylE-like xylose transporter. After 12 monthly transfers in minimal growth medium containing successively higher xylose concentrations, an S. oneidensis mutant (termed strain XM1) was isolated for the acquired ability to grow aerobically on xylose as a carbon and energy source. Whole-genome sequencing indicated that strain XM1 contained a mutation in an unknown membrane protein (SO_1396) resulting in a glutamine-to-histidine conversion at amino acid position 207. Homology modeling demonstrated that the Q207H mutation in SO_1396 was located at the homologous xylose docking site in XylE. The expansion of the S. oneidensis metabolic repertoire to xylose expands the electron donors whose oxidation may be coupled to the myriad of terminal electron-accepting processes catalyzed by S. oneidensis. Since xylose is a lignocellulose degradation product, this study expands the potential substrates to include lignocellulosic biomass. IMPORTANCE The activation of an otherwise silent xylose metabolic system in Shewanella oneidensis is a powerful example of how accidental mutations allow microorganisms to adaptively evolve. The expansion of the S. oneidensis metabolic repertoire to xylose expands the electron donors whose oxidation may be coupled to the myriad of terminal electron-accepting processes catalyzed by S. oneidensis. Since xylose is a lignocellulose degradation product, this study expands the potential substrates to include lignocellulosic biomass.
Current Situation of Health Education on Iodine Deficiency Disorders among Target Populations in Gansu Province

Objective To investigate the KAP about iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) among pupils and women of childbearing age in Gansu Province Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 999 pupils of the 3rd to the 5th grades and 1005 women of childbearing age in 9 counties/cities in Gansu province selected by random sampling Results The knowledge rates about the role of IDD playing in intelligence damage, the role of IDD playing in goiter, and iodated salt as the key measure to prevent IDD were 27 5%, 59 7%, and 70 3% among pupils, and 33 3%, 56 3%, and 59 0% among women Nearly seven tens of the pupils and women of childbearing age did not know the damage of iodine deficiency to intelligence Nearly 40 percent of women of childbearing age did not know the importance of iodated salt The pupils got their IDD knowledge mainly from teacher (52 8%), TV (34 3%), doctor (27 9%), and parents (21 1%) The women of childbearing age got their IDD knowledge mainly from village doctor (44 8%), TV (31 2%), pamphlets (26 0%), and relatives and friend (22 5%) Conclusion The target populations for IDD prevention in Gansu Province are lacking of knowledge about IDD The school pupils families chain and the village doctor women of childbearing age chain are two most effective channels in IDD health education Mass media are also worth utilizing
LANGUAGE AND SYMBOLIC REPRESENTATION IN CONTEMPORARY MAYAN POETRY: A LINGUISTIC AND LITERARY ANALYSIS OF ¨YAAN A BIN XOOK¨ BY BRICEIDA CUEVAS COB (2005)

This investigation, based on the dual analysis (linguistic/literary) of the Mayan version of the poem “Yaan a bin xook”/ “Iras a la escuela”/“You Will Go to School” written by Briceida Cuevas Cob (2005), focuses on how cultural belief, practice, and iconic representation are communicated through language. By working closely with Mayan language and culture expert Rolando Ek Naal, a native speaker of Maya, key terms and concepts throughout the poem have been examined to identify cultural symbolism that is embedded linguistically. Besides the expertise of Mr. Ek Naal, this study has also been guided by the commentary of the poet herself, taken from a personal interview granted in 2012. Although, Cuevas Cob is a contemporary poet and in this poem speaks about issues facing young Mayan women today, many aspects of the language and imagery that she uses (as this study demonstrates) can be traced to Ancient belief and expression
Monitoring results analysis of food-borne-disease pathogenic bacteria in food in Lishui

Objective To investigate the contaminating characteristics of food- borne- disease pathogenic bacteria in food from Lishui,and to provide a scientific basis for the monitoring of food safety and the prevention of food poisoning. Methods The monitoring of pathogenic bacteria in food in Lishui was performed according to the national food- borne- disease surveillance manual from 2007 to 2012,and the monitoring information reporting machanism was established. Results Among 2 808 food samples test items collected from 2007 to 2012,the detection rate of Bacillus cereus,Vibrio vulnificus,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Staphylococcus aureus,Salmonell,Listeria monocytogenes,Enterobacter sakazakii and Escherichia coli O157: H7 were 11. 76%,11. 54%,9. 67%,6. 75%,6. 10%,2. 77%,1. 56% and 0. 27% respectively. Conclusion Main food in Lishui were all under the different degrees of food- borne- disease pathogenic bacteria contamination,which provided scientific basis for the food management department to carry out effective supervision and monitoring,improve the pertinence regulation and prevent food- poisoning.
Epidemiology and Etiology of Sarcomas

Sarcomas are rare malignancies of mesenchymal origin and are broadly divided into soft tissue sarcomas and bone sarcomas. The etiology of these tumors is largely unknown, and most sarcomas are sporadic. A small subset of sarcomas is associated with certain genetic syndromes and environmental factors. Ionizing radiation is the strongest environmental factor linked to sarcoma development.
ICES (Intraoperative Stereotactic Computed Tomography-Guided Endoscopic Surgery) for Brain Hemorrhage: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background and Purpose—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease without a proven therapy to improve long-term outcome. Considerable controversy about the role of surgery remains. Min...
ENHANCED FIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF VASCULAR PROSTHESES BY IMMOBILIZATION OF GLUTAMIC-ACID PLASMIN

The fibrinolytic enzyme glutamic-acid plasmin was covalently immobilized on to collagen in an attempt to enhance the preference of plasmin for fibrin over α −2 plasmin inhibitor (α −2 PI). The kinetic behavior and stability of immobilized plasmin was studied and compared to plasmin in the soluble form. This procedure is aimed at developing a fibrinolytic collagenous smal1-caliber graft which may serve as a suitable replacement for the autogenous saphenous vein in coronary bypass or other revascularization surgery.
Photography-based taxonomy: Is it necessary to reform the Code , and what that exactly means?

A recent series of papers, and rebuttals, regarding Photography-based taxonomy (PBT) (Pape et al. 2016, Krell et al. 2016, Ceriaco et al. 2016, Thorpe 2017) has raised much controversy and discussion about the practice of describing new species without preserved type specimens. Although there has been thoughtful discussion upon this issue, there is still much misunderstanding, especially regarding the idea of changing parts of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999) to regulate this practice.
Recurrent networks with soft-thresholding nonlinearities for lightweight coding

A long-standing and influential hypothesis in neural information processing is that early sensory networks adapt themselves to produce efficient codes of afferent inputs. Here, we show how a nonlinear recurrent network provides an optimal solution for the efficient coding of an afferent input and its history. We specifically consider the problem of producing lightweight codes, ones that minimize both l1 and l2 constraints on sparsity and energy, respectively. When embedded in a linear coding paradigm, this problem results in a non-smooth convex optimization problem. We employ a proximal gradient descent technique to develop the solution, showing that the optimal code is realized through a recurrent network endowed with a nonlinear soft thresholding operator. The training of the network connection weights is readily achieved through gradient-based local learning. If such learning is assumed to occur on a slower time-scale than the (faster) recurrent dynamics, then the network as a whole converges to an optimal set of codes and weights via what is, in effect, an alternative minimization procedure. Our results show how the addition of thresholding nonlinearities to a recurrent network may enable the production of lightweight, history-sensitive encoding schemes.
Advanced-placement Physical Education: An Opportunity to Act

In this article, the authorspropose that it is time to begin the process of creating and launching advanced-placement classes in schools that are focused on physical education.
Multicamera Summarization of Rehabilitation Sessions in Home Environment

In this paper we present a cyber-physiotherapy system (CyPhy) that brings daily rehabilitation to patient's home with supervision from trained therapist. CyPhy is able to capture and record RGB-D, skeleton, and physiotherapy-related medical sensing data streams from patient's exercises using multiple cameras and body sensors. With hours of exercises from every patient, that are captured every day from multiple cameras, therapists spend huge amount of their time watching videos to monitor the correctness of patients' moves. This becomes even more challenging in the presence of multiple cameras where the therapist might not know which camera stream shows the incorrect motion. In this paper, we explore the multicamera summarization problem from various aspects: (1) We first explore the types of exercises that benefit the most from using multiple cameras; (2) We propose a method to detect incorrect motion from multiple cameras in rehabilitation exercises; (3) We show how the analysis of incorrect motion is used to summarize the video and recommend the camera view that best visualizes the mistake. Our method for detecting incorrect motion achieves more than 92% accuracy at wide range of thresholds with significant improvement of 20% over single camera and 10% over the closest approach that uses multiple cameras.
Collision strengths for FIR and UV transitions in P iii and the phosphorus abundance

Phosphorus abundance is crucial for DNA-based extraterrestrial life in exoplanets. Atomic data for observed spectral lines of P-ions are needed for its accurate determination. We present the first calculations for collision strengths for the forbidden PIII fine structure transition $3s^23p (^2P^o_{1/2-3/2})$ within the ground state at 17.9 $\mu$m, as well as allowed UV transitions in the $3s^23p (^2P^o_{1/2,3/2}) \rightarrow 3s3p^2 (^2D_{3/2,5/2}, ^2S_{1/2}, ^2P_{1/2,3/2})$ multiplets between 915-1345 $A$. Collision strengths are computed using the Breit-Pauli R-Matrix method including the first 18 levels, and they exhibit extensive auto-ionizing resonance structures. In particular, the Maxwellian averaged effective collision strength for the FIR 17.9 $\mu$m transition shows a factor 3 temperature variation broadly peaking at typical nebular temperatures. Its theoretical emissivity with solar phosphorus abundance is computed relative to H$\beta$ and found to be similar to observed intensties from planetary nebulae; the abundances derived in earlier works are 3-5 times sub-solar. The results pertain to the reported paucity of phosphorus from preferred production sites in supernovae, and abundances in planetary nebulae and supernova remnants.
Conceptual and Methodological Foundations of the Child and Youth Well-Being Index

The general question addressed in this volume is: Are the circumstances of life for children and youth in the United States bad and worsening, or good and improving? In terms of the concepts articulated in Chap. 1, the question becomes: Has the well-being of America’s children improved or deteriorated?
Propagation of Open Market Operations

When the Federal Reserve conducts open market operations, it does so through the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and a network of primary dealers. When the Fed buys assets from primary dealers, it credits the accounts of the dealers at the custodial banks. The custodial banks now have excess reserves that can be lent out. This is how open market operations propagate into the economy: it starts with the Fed, but is mediated by the primary dealers and the dealers’ custodial banks. It is the lending decisions of these few banks that are most important in determining the way open market operations impact the broader economy.
Considerations for Evaluation and Generalization in Interpretable Machine Learning

As machine learning systems become ubiquitous, there has been a surge of interest in interpretable machine learning: systems that provide explanation for their outputs. These explanations are often used to qualitatively assess other criteria such as safety or non-discrimination. However, despite the interest in interpretability, there is little consensus on what interpretable machine learning is and how it should be measured and evaluated. In this paper, we discuss a definitions of interpretability and describe when interpretability is needed (and when it is not). Finally, we talk about a taxonomy for rigorous evaluation, and recommendations for researchers. We will end with discussing open questions and concrete problems for new researchers.
PILOTs: What Are They and Are They Affected by Institutional and/or Economic Constraints? The Case of Wisconsin Municipalities

Following the rise of tax and expenditure limitations in the 1970s, scholars have focused on assessing the effects of these limitations on local government fiscal outcomes. One key takeaway has been local governments’ decreasing reliance on property taxes and increased use of nontax revenue sources, in particular fees and changes. This study builds on this work by focusing on a particular type of fee—that is, payments in lieu of taxes (PILOTs). We find that, in Wisconsin, revenues received by municipalities from two PILOTs programs are affected quite differently. The extent to which the economy, municipal fiscal condition, tax and expenditure limits, and community characteristics affect PILOTs’ revenues depends on the extent to which the municipality can manipulate the payment structure.
Accuracy of the Single Cycle Length Method for Calculation of Aortic Effective Orifice Area in Irregular Heart Rhythms.

Introduction In irregular heart rhythms, echocardiographic calculation of aortic effective orifice area (EOA) requires averaging measurements from multiple cardiac cycles. Whether a single cycle length method can be used to calculate aortic EOA in aortic stenosis with nonsinus rhythms is not known. Methods Transthoracic echocardiograms of 100 patients with aortic stenosis and either atrial fibrillation (AF) or frequent ectopy (FE) were retrospectively reviewed. The aortic valve velocity time integral (VTIAV) and the left ventricular outflow tract VTI (VTILVOT) were measured by two methods: the standard method (averaging multiple beats) and the single cycle length method. The latter matches the R-R intervals for VTIAV and VTILVOT. Stroke volume, EOA, and Doppler velocity index were calculated by both methods in all patients. The single cycle length method was used for short and long R-R cycles in AF and for postectopic beats (long R-R cycles) in FE. Results In AF, long R-R cycles resulted in larger stroke volumes (73 ± 21 vs 63 ± 18 mL; P ≤ .0001) but no difference in EOA (0.84 ± 0.27 vs 0.82 ± 0.27 cm2; P = .11), whereas short R-R cycles resulted in smaller stroke volumes (55 ± 18 vs 63 ± 18 mL, P ≤ .0001) but a larger EOA (0.86 ± 0.28 vs 0.82 ± 0.27 cm2; P = .01). In FE, the postectopic beat led to larger stroke volumes (96.1 ± 28 vs 78 ± 23 mL; P Conclusions In AF patients, the single, long cycle length method of calculating EOA can be used instead of averaging multiple cardiac cycles. The single cycle length method used on a postextrasystolic beat results in a larger EOA than a normal sinus beat and may have utility in clinical decision-making.
An Ambulatory Care Clinic and Community Pharmacy Collaboration to Address Prescription Abandonment.

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to evaluate a collaborative workflow aimed at decreasing prescription abandonment. Setting: A federally qualified health center and a 340B contracted grocery store-based community pharmacy. Practice Workflow: An ambulatory care clinic with an established partnership with a community pharmacy chain identified a need to decrease prescription abandonment rates. A process was developed whereby an ambulatory care pharmacy technician received a report from the pharmacy of prescriptions filled for at least 7 days since the initial fill date and at risk for abandonment at the community pharmacy. The pharmacy technician identified health-system barriers, attempted to remedy any identified barriers, and conducted patient reminder phone calls. Health-system barriers were classified by the following categories: incorrect contact information at the community pharmacy, incorrect 340B copayment, incorrect insurance information at the community pharmacy, and need for prior authorization. Evaluation: A prospective cohort study was conducted from February 2016 to April 2016 in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this workflow. Results: 551 prescriptions and 350 patients were included in this cohort. Of the 551 prescriptions, 362 had at least one identified barrier that may have led to prescription abandonment. There were 111 health-system identified barriers, and 96 of these barriers were acted upon. Additionally, there were 459 patient identified barriers, and 179 of these barriers were acted upon. When a pharmacy technician was able to identify and act upon at least one barrier, 106 prescriptions (46.9%) were picked-up from the pharmacy. Conclusion: From the information gathered in this quality improvement project, operational changes have been implemented at the ambulatory care clinic and community pharmacy as a means to further decrease modifiable health-system barriers that may lead to prescription abandonment. Article Type: Clinical Experience
Osmium isotope evidence for a heterogeneous 3He/4He mantle plume beneath the Juan Fernandez Islands

Abstract Mantle plume models have been widely applied to explain the formation of ocean island basalts (OIB), with high-3He/4He in their lavas being explained by sampling of a primitive deep mantle source. The Juan Fernandez Islands have 3He/4He (7.8–18 RA) similar to or higher than in mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORB; 8 ± 1 RA) and have been used to both support and refute the mantle plume hypothesis. Ambiguity regarding the origin of the Juan Fernandez Islands primarily originates from interpretation of mantle source signatures between the lava series from the two main islands, Robinson Crusoe and Alexander Selkirk. To examine this issue, we report new whole-rock and olivine separate 187Os/188Os ratios and major-, trace-, and highly siderophile-element (HSE: Re, Pd, Pt, Ru, Ir, Os) abundances. The HSE and trace element abundances in Juan Fernandez main shield lavas can be explained by up to 30% olivine removal, together with spinel crystallization at 1–5 kbar, whereas Robinson Crusoe rejuvenated lavas can be reproduced by higher-pressure fractional crystallization (up to 10 kbar). An assemblage of 30 modal % olivine and 1–5 modal % spinel, combined with the additional contribution of primary melt trapped in olivine inclusions reproduces the range of HSE compositions observed in Juan Fernandez Archipelago olivine grains. Ratios of 187Os/188Os for Juan Fernandez lavas are generally less radiogenic than global OIB and show no correlation with indices of fractionation, indicating that they reflect mantle source compositions. Younger basanite lavas from Robinson Crusoe represent rejuvenated volcanism dominantly from a depleted lithospheric mantle source (187Os/188Os 18 RA) and enriched mantle source (187Os/188Os = 0.1312) similar to the ‘C’ or ‘FOZO’ component, whereas Alexander Selkirk lavas are consistent with a dominant contribution from a depleted, low-3He/4He (
Effects of sulfate on rhenium incorporation into low-activity waste glass

Abstract Technetium-99 (99Tc) is a major radionuclide of concern in the Hanford low-activity waste (LAW), which will be vitrified into borosilicate glass at the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP). Sulfate in LAW has been known to be a critical factor affecting the volatile loss of 99Tc. We investigated rhenium (a nonradioactive surrogate for 99Tc) incorporation by crucible melting tests of two representative simulated LAW glass feeds, each prepared with varied sulfur concentrations in glass. The slurry feeds were dried and heated to 400–1100 °C. Soluble and insoluble phases of heated feeds were analyzed to profile the partitioning of various components during the melting process. The mechanism of how sulfate affects rhenium incorporation during feed-to-glass conversion reactions, and so final retention of rhenium in glass, is proposed based on the two hypotheses that segregated sulfate-rich phase forms during feed conversion reactions and Re preferentially partitions to this sulfate-rich phase.
Making Communism Work: Sinicizing a Soviet Governance Practice

Among various grassroots governance practices adopted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), few have proven more adaptive and effective than the deployment of work teams—ad hoc units appointed and directed by higher-level Party and government organs and dispatched for a limited time to carry out a specific mission by means of mass mobilization. Yet, perhaps because work teams straddle the boundary between formal and informal institutions, they have received scant analytical attention. While work teams figure prominently in narrative accounts of the major campaigns of Mao's China, their origins, operations, and contemporary implications have yet to be fully explored. This article traces the roots of Chinese work teams to Russian revolutionary precedents, including plenipotentiaries, shock brigades, and 25,000ers, but argues that the CCP's adoption and enhancement of this practice involved creative adaptation over a sustained period of revolutionary and post-revolutionary experimentation. Sinicized work teams were not only a key factor in securing the victory of the Chinese Communist revolution and conducting Maoist mass campaigns such as Land Reform, Collectivization, and the Four Cleans; they continue to play an important role in the development and control of grassroots Chinese society even today. As a flexible means of spanning the center-periphery divide and combatting bureaucratic inertia, Chinese work teams, in contrast to their Soviet precursors, contribute to the resilience of the Communist party-state.
Microwave spectra of some chlorine and fluorine compounds

A computer-controlled microwave spectrometer was used to catalog reference spectra for chemical analysis. Tables of absorption frequencies, peak absorption intensities, and integrated intensities are shown for 21 organic compounds which contain chlorine, fluorine, or both.
EEG Electric Field Topography is Stable During Moments of High Field Strength

Spontaneous broadband electroencephalography (EEG) demonstrates short moments of stability in the spatial distribution of the head-surface voltage topography. This phenomenon underlies the premise behind segmenting multichannel EEG into topographically defined brain states, known as EEG microstates. Microstate segmentation methods commonly identify representative topographical configurations based on clustering applied to a subset of voltage maps selected at the time series points of greatest strength in the neuroelectric field. These moments are well-reasoned to best represent periods of momentary stability in the voltage topography, and consequently, points of greatest signal relative to noise. Yet, more direct empirical evidence for these assumptions is warranted, and the consistency of this phenomenon across individuals has not been characterized. In the present investigation, the association between electric field strength and topographic dissimilarity of temporally adjacent samples of EEG were characterized in a large sample of healthy adults engaged in quiet rest. Samples of individuals’ EEG time series high in electric field strength were found to be topographically similar relative to adjacent time series samples. The strong phase-synchronized actvity of neuronal populations therefore coincides with momentary stability in the topographic voltage configuration, providing robust empirical support for the basic premise underlying segmentation of broadband EEG into microstates.