cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ursachen, Bedeutung und Kontrolle der Stickstoff/Sauerstoff-Verbindungen in der Luftverunreinigung†

Die Bedeutung der verschiedenen Arten der Stickoxide und ihr Beitrag zur Luftverunreinigung wird analysiert. Als Stickoxid-Quellen sind in dieser Hinsicht Kraftfahrzeuge von besonderer Bedeutung. Bei der Analyse der Methoden zur Verringerung des Stickoxid-Gehaltes von Abgasen wird der Entstehung von Stickstoff-Verbindungen in Verbrennungsmotoren und ihrer Verringerung durch direkte katalytische Reduktion besondere Aufmerksamkeit geschenkt. Zukunftig notwendige Forschungs- und Entwicklungsvorhaben werden behandelt, wobei neue, die Luft nicht verschmutzende Transportmittel fur den Massenverkehr in die Betrachtungen mit einbezogen werden.
Therapeutic and Prophylactic Effect of Prepartum Antibiotic Infusion in Heifers

Summary Prepartum bacteriologic examination of secretions from 42 dairy heifers 12–14 weeks prepartum revealed a total of 24 Staphylococcus aureus infected quarters, 53 Staphylococcus species infected quarters, and 20 Streptococcus species infected quarters. Prepartum intramammary therapy of primigravid dairy heifers with two commercially available dry cow antibiotics (penicillin-novobiocin or cephapirin) resulted in cure rates of 94 %, 97 %, and 100 % for S. aureus, Staphylococcus species, and Streptococcus species intramammary infections (IMI), respectively. No protective effect was observed for dry cow treatment of uninfected quarters of heifers for any of the antibiotic preparations. No antibiotic was detectable in heifer secretions collected at parturition indicating that antibiotic concentrations may have fallen below protective levels prior to parturition.
Clustering Methods for Defect Tracking in Order to Assess the Performance of a Porosity Inspection System

Surface porosity inspection is important for quality assurance of critical mating surfaces on machined components. An important metric for assessing the performance of an automated surface porosity inspection system is repeatability. Traditional gage repeatability analysis is well defined for dimensional measurements of machined part features. However, the analysis becomes more difficult for surface porosity inspection. This is because surface porosity appears in random sizes and in random locations. Repeatability analysis requires painstaking effort in tracking individual pores through repeated measurements. Therefore, this paper presents an automated approach for tracking porosity for the purpose of repeatability analysis. Two different algorithms are proposed and evaluated. The first is a tolerance based method that uses pre-specified tolerances to determine if pores should be grouped together. The second algorithm is similar to hierarchical agglomerative clustering, using a similarity matrix to store differences between cluster centroids. However, this algorithm uses a training period to determine when to stop clustering instead of continuing until all pores are in one cluster. Experimental results describe differences in the accuracy of both approaches and effort required to obtain a solution. The computation time required for the first method is much shorter than that of the second method. However, the first algorithm requires a-priori information to specify the tolerances, whereas the second algorithm requires no prior knowledge.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Food of Trout and Salmon in Lake Ontario

Stomachs of trout and salmon (n = 1,904) were collected from fish registered at fishing tournaments held in New York State waters of Lake Ontario between April and September 1983 and 1984. Numbers of adult-sized fish containing identifiable food items were 323 lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), 289 brown trout (Salmo trutta), 24 rainbow trout (S. gairdneri), 164 coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and 63 chinook salmon (O. tschawytscha) Proportional similarity in diet between pairs of species was high and normally exceeded 0.70; diet composition of individual species was similar between years. Alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) were the main prey of all species during all months and were normally 110–149 mm in standard length. Rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) was the second most common prey eaten but was generally found in fewer than 20% of the stomachs examined during any month. Diet diversity was generally higher during April-May than during July-September for coho salmon, lake trout, and brown trout. Larger brown trout ate larger alewife in 1983 but not in 1984. Results suggest that the five trout and salmon species in Lake Ontario are potential competitors.
Adjustment process-based approach for computing a Nash-Cournot equilibrium

Abstract This paper is focused on deriving properties of adjustment process-based algorithms for computing a Nash-Cournot equilibrium point. Two adjustment processes are considered: sequential and simultaneous. The corresponding numerical procedures are closely related to the Gauss-Seidel and Jacobi methods, respectively, for solving nonlinear systems. Our analysis shows that under quite general assumptions, both processes lead to closed algorithms. We also show that in case of a linear demand function (which implies the absence of the diagonal dominance of the Jacobian matrix of marginal profits), the sequential adjustment process-based algorithm converges to a Nash-Cournot equilibrium point. For this purpose we employ matrix splitting-based algorithms for solving a nonlinear complementarity problem, and an interesting equivalence between a Nash-Cournot equilibrium point and a certain n -dimensional optimization problem. This equivalence allows us also to gain more insight into why the simultaneous adjustment process fails to converge in this case.
Evidence Supporting a Role of Jasmonic Acid in Arabidopsis Leaf Senescence

In this work, the role of jasmonic acid (JA) in leaf senescence is examined. Exogenous application of JA caused premature senescence in attached and detached leaves in wild-type Arabidopsis but failed to induce precocious senescence of JA-insensitive mutant coi1 plants, suggesting that the JA-signaling pathway is required for JA to promote leaf senescence. JA levels in senescing leaves are 4-fold higher than in non-senescing ones. Concurrent with the increase in JA level in senescing leaves, genes encoding the enzymes that catalyze most of the reactions of the JA biosynthetic pathway are differentially activated during leaf senescence in Arabidopsis, except for allene oxide synthase , which is constitutively and highly expressed throughout leaf development. Arabidopsis lipoxygenase 1 (cytoplasmic) expression is greatly increased but lipoxygenase 2 (plastidial) expression is sharply reduced during leaf senescence. Similarly, AOC1 ( allene oxide cyclase 1 ), AOC2 , and AOC3 are all up-regulated, whereas AOC4 is down-regulated with the progression of leaf senescence. The transcript levels of 12-oxo-PDA reductase 1 and 12-oxo-PDA reductase 3 also increase in senescing leaves, as does PED1 (encoding a 3-keto-acyl-thiolase for β-oxidation). This represents the first report, to our knowledge, of an increase in JA levels and expression of oxylipin genes during leaf senescence, and indicates that JA may play a role in the senescence program.
Monotone separations for constant degree polynomials

We prove a separation between monotone and general arithmetic formulas for polynomials of constant degree. We give an example of a polynomial C in n variables and degree k which is computable by a homogeneous arithmetic formula of size O(k^2n^2), but every monotone formula computing C requires size (n/k^c)^@W^(^l^o^g^k^), with c@?(0,1). Since the upper bound is achieved by a homogeneous arithmetic formula, we also obtain a separation between monotone and homogeneous formulas, for polynomials of constant degree.
The Impact of O2 on the Fe-S Cluster Biogenesis Requirements of Escherichia coli FNR

Abstract In this study, the functions of two established Fe–S cluster biogenesis pathways, Isc (iron–sulfur cluster) and Suf (sulfur mobilization), under aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions were compared by measuring the activity of the Escherichia coli global anaerobic regulator FNR. A [4Fe–4S] cluster is required for FNR activity under anaerobic conditions. An assay of the expression of FNR-dependent promoters in strains containing various deletions of the iscSUAhscBAfdx operon revealed that, under anaerobic conditions, FNR activity was reduced by 60% in the absence of the Isc pathway. In contrast, a mutant lacking the entire Suf pathway had normal FNR activity, although overexpression of the suf operon fully rescued the anaerobic defect in FNR activity in strains lacking the Isc pathway. Expression of the sufA promoter and levels of SufD protein were upregulated by twofold to threefold in Isc − strains under anaerobic conditions, suggesting that increased expression of the Suf pathway may be partially responsible for the FNR activity remaining in strains lacking the Isc pathway. In contrast, use of the O2-stable [4Fe–4S] cluster FNR variant FNR-L28H showed that overexpression of the suf operon did not restore FNR activity to strains lacking the Isc pathway under aerobic conditions. In addition, FNR-L28H activity was more impaired under aerobic conditions than under anaerobic conditions. The greater requirement for the Isc pathway under aerobic conditions was not due to a change in the rate of Fe–S cluster acquisition by FNR-L28H under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, as shown by 55Fe-labeling experiments. Using [35S]methionine pulse-chase assays, we observed that the Isc pathway, but not the Suf pathway, is the major pathway required for conversion of O2-inactivated apo-FNR into [4Fe–4S]FNR upon the onset of anaerobic growth conditions. Taken together, these findings indicate a major role for the Isc pathway in FNR Fe–S cluster biogenesis under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions.
Interleukin-1β mediates metalloproteinase-dependent renal cell carcinoma tumor cell invasion through the activation of CCAAT enhancer binding protein β

Effective treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a major medical concern, as these tumors are refractory to standard therapies and prognosis is poor. Although molecularly targeted therapies have shown some promise in the treatment of this disease, advanced RCC tumors often develop resistance to these drugs. Dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression to advanced disease is necessary to design alternative and improved treatment strategies. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) found in aggressive RCC tumors produce a variety of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β). Moreover, the presence of TAMs and high serum levels of IL-1β in RCC patients correlate with advanced disease. We hypothesized that IL-1β in the tumor microenvironment promotes the development of aggressive RCC tumors by directing affecting tumor epithelial cells. To address this, we investigated the role of IL-1β in mediating RCC tumor cell invasion as a measure of tumor progression. We report that IL-1β induced tumor cell invasion of RCC cells through a process that was dependent on the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and was independent of migration rate. Specifically, IL-1β induced the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-10, and MT1-MMP in a mechanism dependent on IL-1β activation of the transcription factor CCAAT enhancer binding protein β (CEBPβ). Consistent with its role in MMP gene expression, CEBPβ knockdown significantly reduced invasion, but not migration, of RCC tumor cells. These results identify the IL-1β /CEBPβ/MMP pathway as a putative target in the design of anti-metastatic therapies for the treatment of advanced RCC.
Resonance and symmetry breaking for the pendulum

Abstract Periodic solutions of the differential equation for periodic forcing of a lightly damped pendulum are obtained on the alternative hypotheses that (i) the contributions of second and higher harmonics to the average Lagrangian are negligible or (ii) the solution is close to that for free oscillations. The resonance curves (amplitude or root-mean energy vs. driving frequency) and stability boundaries for symmetric swinging oscillations and their asymmetric descendents (following symmetry breaking) are determined for δ ⪡ 1 and ϵ = O(δ), where δ is the ratio of actual to critical damping, and ϵ is the ratio of the maximum external moment to the maximum gravitational moment. Resonance, as defined by synchronism between the external moment and the damping moment, is found to be impossible, and the conventional resonance curve separates into two branches, if ϵ > ϵ ∗ = 3.28δ + O(δ 3 ) , which condition is necessary for normal symmetry breaking. A numerical, Fourier-series determination of the resonance curve and bifurcation points for δ= 1 8 and ϵ= 1 2 is presented in an appendix by P.J. Bryant.
A Conserved Proline in the hsp90 Binding Region of the Glucocorticoid Receptor Is Required for hsp90 Heterocomplex Stabilization and Receptor Signaling

Studies of hsp90 in yeast have supported the notion that this chaperone plays a critical role in signaling by steroid receptors. One limitation to these studies is that yeast expressing hsp90 mutants may also be deficient in fundamental cellular functions of the chaperone required for steroid-dependent induction of transcription. In this work, we have prepared mutants of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) that permit analysis of hsp90 binding and transcriptional activity in cells with normal chaperone function. Our previous data supported a model in which hsp90 binds to the receptor steroid binding domain according to a two-site model. By amino acid mutagenesis of these two sites, we have now generated three receptor mutants and analyzed their function. Upon their translationin vitro, all three mutants interacted with hsp90 similarly to the wild-type receptor. However, one mutant, P643A (GRo), was of particular interest because, although it showed normal steroid binding and transformation to a glucocorticoid response element-specific DNA binding form, it was remarkably deficient in nuclear translocation and transcriptional function at 37 °C. Furthermore, GRo·hsp90 heterocomplexes formed in vivo or assembled under cell-free conditions were much less stable than wild-type GR·hsp90 heterocomplexes. Our results demonstrate that Pro-643 plays a critical role in both stabilizing the receptor·hsp90 complex and in permitting an efficient nuclear translocation and, thus, support the concept that the chaperone is an integral component of the steroid-receptor signaling pathway.
Learner Identity Amid Figured Worlds: Constructing (In)competence at an Urban High School

This article explores the figured world of learning at urban Oakcity High School, describing the learner identities that were available to students amid the practices, categories, discourses and interactions of this world. My aims are 2-fold and interconnected: (1) to reframe a taken-for-granted phenomenon—that students tend to do poorly at urban high schools serving low income students of color, and (2) to apply a situated perspective and the concepts of figured worlds and positional identities to the study of learning and identity at an urban high school, expanding the use of these concepts in educational research.
Stereoselective ligand interactions of chicken liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase with fluorophosphoenolpyruvate.

Abstract The stereospecific interactions of chicken liver phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase) with the two geometric isomers of 3-fluorophosphoenolpyruvate (F-P-enolpyruvate) were examined. Previous studies have shown that the Z isomer of F-P-enolpyruvate is a substrate for P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase but the E isomer is a competitive inhibitor [ T. H. Duffy and T. Nowak (1984) Biochemistry 23 , 661–670 ]. The reasons for this substrate selectivity were investigated. Studies of the 1 H, 19 F, and 31 P relaxation rates of the ligands in the binary Mn-ligand complexes indicate the formation of direct coordination complexes. The temperature and frequency dependence of the proton relaxation rates (PRR) of the respective enzyme-Mn-ligand complexes demonstrates that the perturbation of the electronic environment at the Mn(II) site on the enzyme is different upon binding of the inhibitor ( E -F-P-enolpyruvate) in contrast to the binding of substrates (P-enolpyruvate or Z -F-P-enolpyruvate). Structural studies demonstrate that Z -F-P-enolpyruvate forms a second sphere coordination complex with enzyme-bound Mn(II). E -F-P-enolpyruvate exchanges slowly from the ternary complex and binds ⩽ 10 A from the bound Mn(II). CD studies in the far-uv region demonstrate that the α-helical content of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase is increased at the expense of antiparallel and parallel β-sheet structure upon binding of Mn(II) and substrate (P-enolpyruvate or Z -F-P-enolpyruvate) to the apoenzyme, but show no such structural change upon binding of Mn(II) and E -F-P-enolpyruvate. Analogous results are observed from CD studies at the aromatic amino acid region (250–350 nm). The stereoselective catalytic activities of P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase with F-P-enolpyruvate analogs can be explained by different interactions of these ligands within the catalytic site of the enzyme.
Challenges of antibody-mediated protection against HIV-1

Enthusiasm for a role of antibodies in protection against HIV-1 has waxed and waned over the 25-year search for an AIDS vaccine. However, it is now clear that antibodies not only contribute to the control of infection once it is established [1,2], as a series of seminal passive immunization studies in nonhuman primates (NHPs) going back almost 20 years show unequivocally that antibodies can prevent infection with model AIDS viruses [3–14]. These latter observations are currently driving an intense effort to identify epitopes recognized by broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to serve as templates for AIDS vaccine design. To this end, a handful of broadly neutralizing mAbs have been successfully vetted in passive immunization studies in NHPs using SHIVs that are model simian immuno-deficiency viruses (SIV) in which the SIV envelope glycoprotein (Env) is replaced by a HIV-1 Env glycoprotein. The Env glycoprotein is the only HIV-1 protein known to be recognized by neutralizing antibodies. These studies show that SHIV infection can be blocked by individual mAbs specific for epitopes associated with distinct regions of the HIV-1 Env protein. These include the CD4-binding site [9,15] and high-mannose oligosaccharides [7,16] of gp120, as well as the membrane proximal region of gp41 [17]. It should be noted that while individual mAbs can be effective, mAb mixtures [7,18] or neutralizing sera [19,20] might be more potent. Collectively, these studies strongly argue that the correct antibodies can mediate sterilizing (i.e., transmission-blocking) immunity to HIV-1 and that an AIDS vaccine must elicit such antibodies to be effective. There are three key challenges to the development of an ‘antibody-based’ vaccine that are potentially solvable with the experimental tools currently in hand.
Automatic Landing System Design Using Fuzzy Logic

A fuzzy logic system is developed for automatic landing control of a transport aircraft. A linear longitudinal aircraft model, with landing gear and flaps deployed at the sea level, is employed for fuzzy logic controller design of automatic landing system including the two landing phases - the glide-path capture and the flare maneuver. In addition, the fuzzy control system is tested using different values of fuzzy controller scaling factors on a six degree of. freedom nonlinear aircraft model. It is shown that the simple tuning fuzzy controller with altered scaling factors is well suited for controlling the trajectory of the aircraft in the landing phase which requires simultaneous control of engine thrust for the velocity and elevator for the pitch attitude in order to change altitude with a constant airspeed.
First report of basal leaf blight of kikuyugrass caused by Waitea circinata var. prodigus in southern California.

Kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum) is a C4 grass and invasive weed adopted for use as a primary turf species in some golf course fairways and roughs in southern California. In September 2008, a ...
Augmented SIEA flap for microvascular breast reconstruction after prior ligation of bilateral deep inferior epigastric arteries

The superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap is an excellent option for free tissue transfer breast reconstruction. Similar to the free transverse rectus myocutaneous (TRAM) and deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flaps, the SIEA pedicle supplies the fasciocutaneous tissues of the lower abdomen. The SIEA flap does not involve removal of or potential damage to the rectus muscles. Nonetheless, the vascular pedicle may be a challenge to dissect and variable in its presence and caliber. This article presents a case report and an extended delay technique to augment the SIEA system in a patient with prior bilateral deep inferior epigastric artery ligation.
New Approach for the Calculation of Transitional Flows

In spite of many attempts at modelling natural transition, it has not been possible to predict the streamwise intensities. A procedure is developed that incorporates some results of linear stability theory into one-equation and stress model formulations. The stresses resulting from fluctuations in the transitional region have turbulent, laminar (nonturbulent), and large eddy components. Comparison with Schubauer and Klebanoff's experiments have shown that the nonturbulent and large eddy components have a large influence on the streamwise intensities and little influence on the skin friction. Finally, predictions of the one-equation model were are good as those obtained by the stress model.
Direct Broadcast Satellite Receiver System with Optical Distribution Network

With recent developments in fiber optic communications and optical distribution networks, short haul optical communications becomes an economical alternative to conventional cable TV systems. This paper presents a system design for a direct broadcast satellite receiver system with a fiber optic distribution network based on the reception of Ku-band signals from ANIK C2, a Canadian direct broadcast satellite. Such a system is proposed for the first time and can address small communities in remote areas. Theoretical power budget calculations predict that 37 subscribers can access 128 television channels using a 3ft. reflector dish antenna. To implement such a design, a number of components that are not commercially available are custom designed.
Critical Role of Nuclear Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase IIδB in Cardiomyocyte Survival in Cardiomyopathy

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) plays a central role in cardiac contractility and heart disease. However, the specific role of alternatively spliced variants of CaMKII in cardiac disease and apoptosis remains poorly explored. Here we report that the δB subunit of CaMKII (CaMKIIδB), which is the predominant nuclear isoform of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases in heart muscle, acts as an anti-apoptotic factor and is a novel target of the antineoplastic and cardiomyopathic drug doxorubicin (Dox (adriamycin)). Hearts of rats that develop cardiomyopathy following chronic treatment with Dox also show down-regulation of CaMKIIδB mRNA, which correlates with decreased cardiac function in vivo, reduced expression of sarcomeric proteins, and increased tissue damage associated with Dox cardiotoxicity. Overexpression of CaMKIIδB in primary cardiac cells inhibits Dox-mediated apoptosis and prevents the loss of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Specific silencing of CaMKIIδB by small interfering RNA prevents the formation of organized sarcomeres and decreases the expression of Bcl-2, which all mimic the effect of Dox. CaMKIIδB is required for GATA-4-mediated co-activation and binding to the Bcl-2 promoter. These results reveal that CaMKIIδB plays an essential role in cardiomyocyte survival and provide a mechanism for the protective role of CaMKIIδB. These results suggest that selective targeting of CaMKII in the nuclear compartment might represent a strategy to regulate cardiac apoptosis and to reduce Dox-mediated cardiotoxicity.
High temperature thermal expansion of alkali halides

Abstract Thermal expansion data for 11 sodium chloride structure-type solids have been evaluated with an empirical modified quasi-harmonic model for thermal expansion. Earlier it was shown for Group IV elements and 10 Grimm-Sommerfeld compounds that an empirical quasi-harmonic model fits experimental data from nearly absolute zero to intermediate temperatures in the vicinity of T L , the approximate temperature, where all lattice modes are fully excited. At higher temperatures, experimentally measured thermal expansion is slightly higher than an extrapolation of this empirical relationship. The difference can be approximated with a second-order term that gives excellent quantitative agreement with experiment for the available data to approximately 90% of the melting temperature.
Contemporary Crusaders and Timeless Elders: Building Cultural Capital through Alternative Media Texts

The following research examines the role of cultural capital in the reading of alternative media texts. I interviewed leaders of small social justice organizations in the midwestern United States in order to discover the ways in which they developed cultural capital and read resistance within alternative media texts. From the interviews I found that the participants learned cultural capital from Timeless Elders and/or Contemporary Crusaders of activism. I also found that two types of resistance were read within the alternative media texts: a hegemonic form of resistance based on militant rejection of materials and an emanciapatory form of resistance based on adjustive rejection of materials. Through my analysis I found that the type of cultural capital that a participant had learned played an important role in the type of resistance that they read. The themes and concepts which emerged through the interviews hold significant implications for the conceptualization of modern social justice movements.
Vasodilator-stimulated Phosphoprotein (VASP) Induces Actin Assembly in Dendritic Spines to Promote Their Development and Potentiate Synaptic Strength

Dendritic spines are small actin-rich structures that receive the majority of excitatory synaptic input in the brain. The actin-based dynamics of spines are thought to mediate synaptic plasticity, which underlies cognitive processes, such as learning and memory. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate actin dynamics in spines and synapses. In this study we show the multifunctional actin-binding protein vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) regulates the density, size, and morphology of dendritic spines by inducing actin assembly in these structures. Knockdown of endogenous VASP by siRNA led to a significant decrease in the density of spines and synapses, whereas expression of siRNA-resistant VASP rescued this defect. The ability of VASP to modulate spine and synapse formation, maturation, and spine head enlargement is dependent on its actin binding Ena/VASP homology 2 (EVH2) domain and its EVH1 domain, which contributes to VASP localization to actin-rich structures. Moreover, VASP increases the amount of PSD-scaffolding proteins and the number of surface GluR1-containing α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptors (AMPARs) in spines. VASP knockdown results in a reduction in surface AMPAR density, suggesting a role for this protein in regulating synaptic strength. Consistent with this, VASP significantly enhances the retention of GluR1 in spines as determined by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and increases AMPAR-mediated synaptic transmission. Collectively, our results suggest that actin polymerization and bundling by VASP are critical for spine formation, expansion, and modulating synaptic strength.
The Use of a Family History Risk Assessment Tool within a Community Health Care System: Views of Primary Care Providers

Primary care providers (PCPs) offered input regarding the incorporation of a family health history (FHH) risk assessment tool into a community health care system (CHCS). Sixteen PCPs participated in one of three focus groups. Perceived impediments included the lack of standard screening guidelines, effective screening tests, genetic counseling resources, and services for high-risk patients. The PCPs were concerned about their level of expertise, the cost of preventive health care, and genetic discrimination. They also were concerned about the use of a FHH tool by oncologists within the CHCS because of communication gaps between oncologists and PCPs, lack of clarity regarding follow-up and legal liability, and reimbursement issues. To integrate a FHH tool into a CHCS, PCPs will need consultation and referral services, evidence-based recommendations, and “just-in-time” educational resources. Oncologists who use the tool will need to develop a streamlined communication system with PCPs, establish clearly defined roles, and ensure patient follow-up.
Analysis of the error in the standard approximation used for multiplication of triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers and the development of a new approximation

Abstract Triangular and trapezoidal fuzzy numbers are commonly used in many applications. It is well known that the operators used for the non-linear operations such as multiplication, division, and inverse are approximations to the actual operators. It is also commonly assumed that the error introduced by the approximations is small and acceptable. This paper examines the error of approximation for repeated use of the multiplication operand and shows it can be sufficiently large in simple circumstances to produce erroneous results. The computational complexity of the multiplication operation is analyzed and shown to be sufficiently complex that a computationally simpler approximation is needed. As a consequence, the error produced by the approximation for the multiplication operation is analyzed and a new approximation developed that is accurate for a large range of problems. An error expression is developed for the new approximation that can be used to determine when it is producing unacceptable results.
Antenna design strategy and demonstration for software-defined radio (SDR)

Antennas are a key enabling technology for software-defined radio (SDR). Although software is extremely flexible, SDR's potential is limited by antenna size and performance. In this paper, we review typical antenna miniaturization techniques and fundamental theories that limit antenna size and performance including operational bandwidth, gain (or range), and radiation pattern. Possible antenna design strategies are discussed to meet the desired specifications in SDR based on observations from the limit theories. The application of strategies to enable multiband (resonant), continuous multiband (frequency independent), and instantaneous, ultra-wideband antennas are discussed qualitatively. Advantages, disadvantages, and design trade-off strategies for different types of antennas are compared from a system-level perspective. A design example for a compact ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna is presented for a software-defined platform. The example involves a direct-conversion radio developed in Wireless@VT that uses a Motorola RFIC having a 100 MHz---6 GHz operational frequency range with a 9 kHz---20 MHz channel bandwidth. The example antenna covers frequencies from 450 MHz to 6 GHz instantaneously with approximately 5-dBi realized gain over a finite-size ground plane, including return loss and omni-directional coverage.
Parallel implementation of a high-order implicit collocation method for the heat equation

We combine a high order compact finite difference approx-imation and collocation techniques to numerically solve the two dimensional heat equation. The resulting method is implicit arid can be parallelized with a strategy that allows parallelization across both time and space. We compare the parallel implementation of tile new method with a classical implicit method, namely the Crank-Nicolson method, where tile parallelization is done across space only. Numerical experiments are carried out on the SGI Origin 2000.
Improving crowd-sourced Wi-Fi localization systems using Bluetooth beacons

Crowd-sourced Wi-Fi-based localization systems utilize user input for RF scene analysis and map construction. Such systems reduce the deployment cost and privacy concerns that expert-based site survey systems can create. However, the main bottleneck of such crowd-sourcing localization systems is a bootstrapping stage, where lack of contributions by users results in no accuracy guarantee and frequent unnecessary prompting for users' input, even for explored areas. In this paper, we propose a crowd-sourcing localization system that uses both Wi-Fi scene analysis and Bluetooth beacons to address the insufficient contribution challenge. After prompting for user input, the mobile device not only submits Wi-Fi fingerprint to a map server, but also enables Bluetooth beacons to disseminate/share its location and fingerprint information to quickly populate the signal map. Then, subsequent user devices entering the area can discover the Bluetooth beacons and are able to instantly obtain room-level location information without causing unnecessary prompting to users. We implement our proposed system in the Linux OS and evaluate the prototype extensively through both experiments and simulation. Our evaluation results show that using Bluetooth beacons help to improve signal map growth, while maintaining reasonable localization accuracy.
A new candidate for dark matter

Abstract Two models for galactic halos are analyzed which involve strongly interacting dark matter. The models are constrained by big-bang cosmology, galactic astrophysics and by recent searches for fluxes of dark-matter particles. The candidate particles have masses in the TeV range and cross sections ∼10 −26 cm 2 with ordinary matter.
Factors affecting iron sulfide-enhanced bacteriophage plaque assays in Salmonella

Abstract Reaction of ferric ions with hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) enhances contrast of phage plaques in H 2 S+ Salmonella , but contrast diminishes in weak H 2 S+ strains. H 2 S was affected by concentrations of peptones, glucose, ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) and sodium thiosulfate (ST), and by FAC:ST ratio, temperature, pH, air, and host strain. Increasing peptone levels was most important for improving contrast in weak H 2 S+ strains.
A comparison of lumped-parameter and diffusional models describing the effects of the outlet boundary conditions on the mixing in flow systems

Abstract A comparison is presented between two methods of modeling the dispersion and mixing processes in large (geophysical) turbulent flow systems, such as estuaries, coastal waters, and atmospheric systems. One method is based on the diffusional model and the other is a lumped-parameter model, referred to as “box-mode” or compartmental model. The models are compared on the basis of model free parameters defined here: the purging rate and remaining life distribution. It is found that there exists a good agreement between the results of both models for a one-dimensional system. The problem of the boundary condition at the outlet is discussed; it is concluded that the use of a mass transfer coefficient may be justified in some cases where inflows at the outlet (e.g. due to tidal motion) can be estimated. When these inflows are strong a sink at the outlet can be taken as a boundary condition.
Modulation of xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase activities during the hormonal induction of vaginal epithelial differentiation in ovariectomized mice.

Abstract The modulation of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XD/XO) activities in vaginal epithelium as a function of estrogen- and progesterone-induced differentiation was investigated in ovariectomized SENCAR mice. The vaginal epithelium of ovariectomized mice consisted of one or two cell layers. Intraperitoneal administration of 20 μg 17β-estradiol stimulated vaginal hyperplasia, and orthokeratinization. In contrast, although i.p. administration of 2.5 mg progesterone induced hyperplasia, it caused mucification of surface cells. Relative to ovariectomized control mice, vaginal XO specific activities were significantly elevated within 48 h of estradiol treatment and reached a maximum (285%–330% of control) 24–48 h later. The changes in XO specific activity correlated with the appearance of granular and horny layers in the epithelium, and reflected increases in both tissue XD content and the conversion of XD to XO. Approximately 45% of total XD + XO activity was XO in control mice. In contrast, 80% of total activity was contributed by XO in mice 72 h or 96 h after 17β-estradiol treatment. In marked contrast, vaginal XO + XD and XO specific activities, and XO/ XD + XO ratios were unaffected in ovariectomized mice treated with progesterone. Collectively, these studies suggest that the expression of XD, and the conversion of XD to XO in vaginal epithelium are differentiation-specific, and characteristic of the orthokeratinization pathway of differentiation.
Reactions of C2(X 1Σ+g) produced by multiphoton uv excimer laser photolysis

Abstract C 2 (X 1 Σ + g ) disappearance rate constants at 298 K have been determined for reactions with H 2 : (1.38±0.06) × 10 −12 cm 3 s −1 molecule −1 ; CH 4 (1.87±0.05) × 10 −11 cm 3 s −1 molecule −1 ; C 2 H 6 : (1.59±0.05) × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 molecule −1 : C 2 H 4 : (3.26±0.05) × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 molecule −1 : C 2 F 4 : (5.99±0.14) × 10 −11 cm 3 s −1 molecule −1 : O 2 : (2.82±0.09) × 10 −12 cm 3 s −1 molecule −1 : and CO 2 : no apparent reaction. The C 2 (X 1 Σ − g ) was produced by multiphoton UV excimer laser photodissociation of hexafluorobutyne-2. These results are compared to the reaction rates of C 2 (a 3 Π u ). The rates for O 2 reactions are the same for both C 2 states and no reaction is observed for CO 2 with either C 2 state. However, C 2 (X 1 Σ − g ) reacts considerable faster than C 2 (a 3 Π g ) with hydrogen and hydrocarbons. The presence of an allowed hydrogen atom exchange reaction for ground state C 2 to form ground state C 2 H which is forbidden for metastable triplet C 2 is postulated to account for the disparities in reaction rates. Electronic orbital correlation effects are proposed as an explanation.
What Linguistic Features Are Indicative of Writing Quality? A Case of Argumentative Essays in a College Composition Program

ELT Journal, 55, 124–132. doi:10.1093/elt/55.2.124 Lynch, T. (2005). Self-transcribing and noticing in EAP speaking classes. Edinburgh Working Papers in Applied Linguistics, 14, 54–67. Lynch, T. (2007). Learning from the transcripts of an oral communication task. ELT Journal, 61, 311–320. doi:10.1093/elt/ccm050 Lyster, R., & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective feedback and learner uptake: Negotiation of form in communicative classrooms. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 19, 37–66. doi:10.1017/S0272263197001034 Mackey, A. (2006). Feedback, noticing, and instructed second language learning. Applied Linguistics, 27, 405–430. doi:10.1093/applin/ami051 Mackey, A., Polio, C., & McDonough, K. (2004). The relationship between experience, education and teachers’ use of incidental focus-on-form techniques. Language Teaching Research, 8, 301–327. doi:10.1191/362168804lr47oa Shehadeh, A. (2001). Selfand other-initiated modified output during task-based interaction. TESOL Quarterly, 35, 433–457. doi:10.2307/3588030 Stillwell, C., Curabba, B., Alexander, K., Kidd, A., Kim, E., Stone, P., & Wyle, C. (2010). Students transcribing tasks: Noticing fluency, accuracy, and complexity. ELT Journal, 64, 445–455. doi:10.1093/elt/ccp081 Swain, M. (2005). The output hypothesis: Theory and research. In E. Hinkel (Ed.), Handbook on research in second language teaching and learning (pp. 471–484). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Villamil, O. S., & De Guerrero, M. C. M. (1998). Assessing the impact of peer revision on L2 writing. Applied Linguistics, 19, 491–514. doi:10.1093/applin/19.4.491
HPCAT: an integrated high-pressure synchrotron facility at the Advanced Photon Source

The high pressure collaborative access team (HPCAT) was established to advance cutting edge, multidisciplinary, high-pressure (HP) science and technology using synchrotron radiation at sector 16 of the Advanced Photon Source of Argonne National Laboratory. The integrated HPCAT facility has established four operating beamlines in nine hutches. Two beamlines are split in energy space from the insertion device (16ID) line, whereas the other two are spatially divided into two fans from the bending magnet (16BM) line. An array of novel X-ray diffraction and spectroscopic techniques has been integrated with HP and extreme temperature instrumentation at HPCAT. With a multidisciplinary approach and multi-institution collaborations, the HP program at the HPCAT has been enabling myriad scientific breakthroughs in HP physics, chemistry, materials, and Earth and planetary sciences.
Parent attributions of emotion to their children and the cues children use in perceiving their own emotions

A number of studies have demonstrated stable individual differences in the cues that generate emotions and other feeling states. These differences are assumed to arise from the cues parents use to identify their children's emotional states. As children learn about their own emotional states, they come to rely on these same cues. To test one implication of their view, the facial expressions of children (N=41) were manipulated and their feelings assessed. Some children reported emotions consistent with their expressions, while others reported emotions appropriate to the situation. In a separate procedure, their mothers were asked to identify the emotional states of children whose expressions were inconsistent with an account of their circumstances. Mothers who paid more attention to their children's expressive behavior had children who were more responsive to their own expressive behavior. In contrast, the mothers who were more responsive to situational cues had children whose emotions arose from the situational cues as well.
New thoughts on the origin of Pellegrini-Stieda: the association of PCL injury and medial femoral epicondylar periosteal stripping

For the past 100 years, Pellegrini-Stieda disease has been described as calcification and ossification within the tibial collateral ligament, although these typical radiographic findings are often located more superior than the most proximal extent of the ligament. In this article, we demonstrate four magnetic resonance imaging cases of knee trauma with complete posterior cruciate ligament tear or avulsion, each demonstrating that injury to the medial collateral ligamentous complex can involve significant stripping of the tissue proximal to the medial epicondyle. Classic radiographic findings of Pellegrini-Stieda calcifications can be caused by stripping of the femoral periosteum proximal to the femoral attachment of the tibial collateral ligament, which appears to be associated with a complete posterior cruciate ligament injury.
Salvage surgery for bulky local recurrence of prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy.

Purpose: We report our experience with salvage radical surgery as palliative treatment in patients with bulky recurrence of prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy (RP). Materials and Methods: From files at the department of urology we identified 5 patients who had biopsy confirmed, bulky recurrence of prostate cancer after initial RP and subsequent salvage radiation therapy (4), prior to presentation at our cancer center. Positive surgical margins were present in all 5 patients. All received androgen ablation and 4 also received systemic chemotherapy. Due to persistent bulky tumors in the 5 patients and debilitating unrelenting symptoms, including refractory hematuria, obstructive uropathy and pelvic pain in 4, salvage radical surgery was performed. Total pelvic exenteration was done in 4 patients and wide tumor resection with continent urinary diversion was done in 1. Results: Four patients were permanently relieved of local symptoms following surgery and another had entero-urethral fistula formation. Revision of a continent urinary diversion was necessary in another patient who was otherwise free of cancer and of local pelvic symptoms. Long-term symptom-free survival was achieved in 2 patients following surgery at 26 and 56 months, respectively. One patient died of metastatic disease 3.5 months after surgery but he had been rendered free of local symptoms by surgery. The other 2 patients are currently free of local symptoms 5 and 7 months following surgery, respectively. Wound infection, delirium and prolonged ileus occurred in 1 patient each. Otherwise surgery was well tolerated. Conclusions: Salvage radical surgery is feasible and it provides effective palliation in patients with bulky local recurrence following RP.
Learning Graphical Models for Hypothesis Testing and Classification

Sparse graphical models have proven to be a flexible class of multivariate probability models for approximating high-dimensional distributions. In this paper, we propose techniques to exploit this modeling ability for binary classification by discriminatively learning such models from labeled training data, i.e., using both positive and negative samples to optimize for the structures of the two models. We motivate why it is difficult to adapt existing generative methods, and propose an alternative method consisting of two parts. First, we develop a novel method to learn tree-structured graphical models which optimizes an approximation of the log-likelihood ratio. We also formulate a joint objective to learn a nested sequence of optimal forests-structured models. Second, we construct a classifier by using ideas from boosting to learn a set of discriminative trees. The final classifier can interpreted as a likelihood ratio test between two models with a larger set of pairwise features. We use cross-validation to determine the optimal number of edges in the final model. The algorithm presented in this paper also provides a method to identify a subset of the edges that are most salient for discrimination. Experiments show that the proposed procedure outperforms generative methods such as Tree Augmented Naive Bayes and Chow-Liu as well as their boosted counterparts.