cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defining Homo erectus

Pithecanthropus (now Homo) erectus was first recognized as a species by Eugene Dubois in the 1890s from fossils at the Indonesian site of Trinil. Additional finds from Indonesia and then China expanded the morphological, geographic, and temporal bounds of this species, but it was not until 1960 that H. erectus was recognized in Africa. Since that time, H. erectus has become among the best sampled species in human evolution and has also come to include fossils from Eurasia and possibly South Africa. These fossils are united by a shared neurocranial shape and the presence of a large number of discrete traits. Yet, there is considerable variation among and within fossil assemblages, which has been interpreted within the framework of a long-lived and polytypic species K.L. Baab (*) Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA e-mail: karen.baab@stonybrook.edu; klb714@gmail.com # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2015 W. Henke, I. Tattersall (eds.), Handbook of Paleoanthropology, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-39979-4_73 2189 by some, and as indicative of multiple species by others. This chapter reviews the morphological features of the skull that serve to define H. erectus, as well as the extent and implications of variation across the fossil hypodigm. Sometimes the smaller and less derived African and Georgian fossils have been assigned to a separate species, H. ergaster. Yet, geometric morphometric analysis indicates that the degree of cranial shape variation for the entire sample (including African, Georgian, Indonesian, and Chinese fossils) is within the range of many single primate species, and the variation between Indonesian and Chinese fossils is of the same magnitude as that between African/Georgian and Asian fossils. Therefore, the single-species model for H. erectus cannot be rejected on the basis of cranial shape. However, not every fossil assigned to this species is a perfect fit, and some of the most recent additions to H. erectus expand the range of variation in directions that are unexpected based on established patterns of intraspecific variation. The analysis of shape has further confirmed that much of the cranial shape variation present within the species is partitioned among circumscribed temporo-geographic groups. Additional work is necessary to better understand the utility of discrete traits for systematic research and their distribution in the expanded Pleistocene Homo fossil record.
Enabling community access to TeraGrid visualization resources

Visualization is an important part of the data analysis process. Many researchers, however, do not have access to the resources required to do visualization effectively for large datasets. This problem is illustrated through several user scenarios. To remedy this problem, we propose a Visualization Gateway that provides simplified access to such resources to a broad population of users. The current implementation of this gateway is described, including the technology used and the services made available. In particular, a detailed description of a ParaView portlet is included. A proposed design for enabling access to community users is discussed. Technology as well as policy issues that were raised, including security and data management, are covered, as are methods for providing additional services, scaling to include additional resources, and other areas of future development. The paper concludes with a summary of the topics covered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A second order virtual node method for elliptic problems with interfaces and irregular domains

We present a second order accurate, geometrically flexible and easy to implement method for solving the variable coefficient Poisson equation with interfacial discontinuities or on irregular domains, handling both cases with the same approach. We discretize the equations using an embedded approach on a uniform Cartesian grid employing virtual nodes at interfaces and boundaries. A variational method is used to define numerical stencils near these special virtual nodes and a Lagrange multiplier approach is used to enforce jump conditions and Dirichlet boundary conditions. Our combination of these two aspects yields a symmetric positive definite discretization. In the general case, we obtain the standard 5-point stencil away from the interface. For the specific case of interface problems with continuous coefficients, we present a discontinuity removal technique that admits use of the standard 5-point finite difference stencil everywhere in the domain. Numerical experiments indicate second order accuracy in L^~.
A MIS device structure for detection of chemically induced charge carriers

Chemically induced electronic excitations were detected from adsorption of molecular ethylene and atomic oxygen on large-area Au/Al2O3/n-Si metal/insulator/semiconductor (MIS) diodes. The devices were fabricated with oxide thicknesses varying between 0 and 8 nm. For devices with an oxide layer less than similar to3 nm and relatively energetic surface adsorption reactions, electrons are excited by non-adiabatic energy transfer above the Fermi level and travel ballistically into the semiconductor. For low energy reactions and thicker oxides, charge transport in the device is dominated by ballistic "hot" holes created below the Fermi level which travel to the metal-insulator junction to electron donor states resulting in an effective forward-bias charging current. The energy-band structure of silicon as well as the density of interfacial states of the metal-insulator junctions strongly influences the electronic characteristics of the device. These MIS devices are suitable as molecular sensors for the detection of chemical species with low adsorption energies, such as hydrocarbons. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Use of Least Means Squares Filter in Control of Optical Beam Jitter

Abstract : Meeting optical beam jitter requirements is becoming a challenging problem for several space programs. A laser beam jitter control test bed has been developed at the Naval Postgraduate School to develop improved jitter control techniques. Several control techniques, such as least means squares and linear quadratic regulator were applied for jitter control. Enhancement in least means squares techniques to improve convergence rate was achieved by adding an adaptive bias filter to the reference signal. In the experiments, the platform is vibrated at 50 and 87 Hz. In addition, a fast steering mirror is used to inject a random component of 200 Hz band-limited white noise. The experimental results demonstrated that the addition of the adaptive bias filter to the least means squares algorithm significantly increased the converging rate of the controller. To achieve the reduction of both sinusoidal and random jitter, a combination of least means squares/adaptive bias filter and linear quadratic regulator is most effective. The least means squares/adaptive bias filter control is most effective for a sinusoidal jitter and the linear quadratic regulator control for a random jitter.
Variability in the Management of Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Objectives. To evaluate current trends in the management of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL), determine if variance in diagnostic and treatment protocols exists, and compare diagnostic and treatment strategies of ISSNHL between nonotologists/neurotologists (NONs) and otologists/neurotologists (ONs).Study Design. Cross-sectional survey of practicing otolaryngologists.Setting. Otolaryngology practices within the United States.Subjects and Methods. In January 2010, a survey was mailed to 500 NONs and 500 ONs. Data were collected and analyzed using χ2, standard deviations, and variance.Results. A variety and distribution of responses were seen in the definition of ISSNHL, including dB loss necessary for diagnosis, number of consecutive frequencies involved, and maximum duration of hearing loss. Differences in diagnostic tools were also seen, with 50.4% of respondents (NON 34.2%, ON 66.7%; P = .0001) always using magnetic resonance imaging in their workup. Of the total respondents, 26.7% (...
Variable blood pressure response to verapamil by KCNMB1 genotype

Background The gain-of-function Glu65Lys mutation in the KCNMB1 potassium channel subunit was found protective against diastolic HTN in a Spanish population and Val110Leu has been associated with baroreflex function. We sought to determine whether Glu65Lys or Val110Leu were associated with variable verapamil response in a substudy of the INVEST trial. Methods Genetic samples were obtained from 611 (170 untreated and 441 stable background therapy) INVEST patients in whom the addition of verapamil was the only change to their antihypertensive treatment (Tx). Codons 65 and 110 were genotyped by pyrosequencing. The GLM procedure, controlling for age, BMI, baseline BP/heart rate (HR), and race was used to compare BP/HR response to verapamil at 6 weeks by genotype. Results Minor allele frequencies were 0.12 and 0.09 for codon 65 and 110, respectively. No differences in BP or HR response to verapamil were present by genotype in the entire population. However, when compared only in patients untreated at baseline, codon 65 and 110 variant allele carriers experienced significantly greater SBP reductions to verapamil at 6 weeks than non-variant allele carriers. (See Table). Conclusion Our data suggest that codon 65 and 110 genotype may be important determinants of variable SBP response to verapamil monotherapy. Our data also suggest that background antihypertensive therapy may confound or influence pharmacogenetic associations. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P97–P97; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2004.12.263 Table 1. Codon 65 genotype Tx SBP Tx HR Codon 110 genotype Tx SBP Tx HR Estimated adjusted means (95confidence intervals). * p=0.022. ** p=0.041. † p=0.098. Glu65Glu 140 (137, 142) 74 (72, 75) Val110Val 139 (137, 142) 75 (74, 76) Lys65 carrier 130 (122, 138)* 72 (68, 77) Leu110 carrier 130 (122, 139)** 71 (67, 75)†
Hypoxic regulation of functional extracellular matrix elaboration by nucleus pulposus cells in long‐term agarose culture

Degeneration of the intervertebral discs is strongly implicated as a cause of low back pain. Since current treatments for discogenic low back pain show poor long-term efficacy, a number of new biological strategies are being pursued. For such therapies to succeed, it is critical that they be validated in conditions that mimic the unique biochemical microenvironment of the nucleus pulposus (NP), which include low oxygen tension. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen tension on NP cell functional extracellular matrix elaboration in 3D culture. Bovine NP cells were encapsulated in agarose constructs and cultured for 14 or 42 days in either 20% or 2% oxygen in defined media containing transforming growth factor beta-3. At each time point, extracellular matrix composition, biomechanics, and mRNA expression of key phenotypic markers were evaluated. Results showed that while bulk mechanics and composition were largely independent of oxygen level, low oxygen promoted improved restoration of the NP phenotype, higher mRNA expression of extracellular matrix and NP specific markers, and more uniform matrix elaboration. These findings indicate that culture under physiological oxygen levels is an important consideration for successful development of cell and growth factor-based regenerative strategies for the disc.
A Commentary on ‘The Order of Teaching Accounting Topics-Why do Most Textbooks End with the Beginning?’

Wouters' (2008) paper contains an intriguing proposal for restructuring the teaching of basic accounting—both financial and managerial. The proposal is a very general sketch that contains few detai...
Structural and mechanistic basis of zinc regulation across the E. coli Zur regulon.

Commensal microbes, whether they are beneficial or pathogenic, are sensitive to host processes that starve or swamp the prokaryote with large fluctuations in local zinc concentration. To understand how microorganisms coordinate a dynamic response to changes in zinc availability at the molecular level, we evaluated the molecular mechanism of the zinc-sensing zinc uptake regulator (Zur) protein at each of the known Zur-regulated genes in Escherichia coli. We solved the structure of zinc-loaded Zur bound to the PznuABC promoter and show that this metalloregulatory protein represses gene expression by a highly cooperative binding of two adjacent dimers to essentially encircle the core element of each of the Zur-regulated promoters. Cooperativity in these protein-DNA interactions requires a pair of asymmetric salt bridges between Arg52 and Asp49′ that connect otherwise independent dimers. Analysis of the protein-DNA interface led to the discovery of a new member of the Zur-regulon: pliG. We demonstrate this gene is directly regulated by Zur in a zinc responsive manner. The pliG promoter forms stable complexes with either one or two Zur dimers with significantly less protein-DNA cooperativity than observed at other Zur regulon promoters. Comparison of the in vitro Zur-DNA binding affinity at each of four Zur-regulon promoters reveals ca. 10,000-fold variation Zur-DNA binding constants. The degree of Zur repression observed in vivo by comparison of transcript copy number in wild-type and Δzur strains parallels this trend spanning a 100-fold difference. We conclude that the number of ferric uptake regulator (Fur)-family dimers that bind within any given promoter varies significantly and that the thermodynamic profile of the Zur-DNA interactions directly correlates with the physiological response at different promoters.
Perceptions of Well-being in Ghana: 1970 and 1975

A sense of well-being has been associated in the literature with a wide variety of political phenomena, attitudes, and behavior including stability (Gurr, 1970: 148-54), optimism about future development (Gallup, 1976), satisfaction with government (Hayward, 1974: 184-85), political power (Owusu, 1970: 325-31), and participation (Ross, 1975: 119). Low levels of well-being have been associated with conflict and instability (Gurr, 1970: ch. 2), hostility toward government (Templeton, 1966), and cynicism (Schatzberg, 1977: ch. 4). This paper explores the relationship between sense of well-being and a number of such political phenomena in Ghana in 1970 and 1975. Although there is a sizeable literature on well-being in western nations, there has been very little research on this subject elsewhere. Most of what we know or think is known about well-being and politics in Africa is based on extrapolations from studies of western political systems or on conventional wisdom about the role of well-being in African politics. This study is designed to investigate well-being as perceived by the individual in Ghana. The distribution of perceptions of well-being within the sample population will be looked at, views about the relationship of national government to well-being will be explored, and its relationship to political attitudes, attachments, behavior, and evaluation of government will be examined. The study is based on two systematic surveys carried out by the author in 1970 and 1975 in six Ghanaian communities (see Appendix for description of the sample). The two surveys are based on random samples carried out in the same sample areas. Although this was not a national survey, a number of characteristics of the sample populations approximate that shown in the national census allowing cautious speculation about the Ghanaian populace. The major focus of this paper is on change over time and in this sense the data are comparable, randomly selected, and based on identical interview schedules (with a few exceptions which are noted). This is, sadly, one of the few cases of replication and of longitudinal analysis in Africa.
What does a great meta-analysis look like?

In the first issue of Organizational Psychology Review, Daan van Knippenberg stated that I would be elaborating on the issue of what makes a good meta-analysis (van Knippenberg, 2011). Given this call to action (or one could say burden of responsibility), I have taken it upon myself to pull together some thoughts on what I believe authors should be striving for in producing meta-analyses, as well as trying to provide a roadmap for authors who are considering submitting a meta-analysis to OPR. What I will not be doing is providing a treatise on the mechanics of conducting a metaanalysis, as there are a multitude of books, articles, and other training materials that do a better job than I could ever hope to do.
The Effect of Grade Placement on English Language Learners’ Academic Achievement:

Many English Language Learners (ELLs) migrate to the United States at older ages and administrators must choose a grade in which to place these new entrants as soon as they register for school. In this study, I estimate the effect of grade placement on the short-term academic performance of ELLs who enroll in the Miami-Dade County Public School system between the ages of 7 and 12 using a district policy that determines grade placement decisions for newcomers by their birthdate relative to September 1. The results suggest some benefits to being placed in the lower of the two grades for students’ achievement in mathematics, but no signs of benefits on other academic outcomes, including reading achievement, grade promotion, and exit from ELL status.
Neoliberal Mothering and Vaccine Refusal Imagined Gated Communities and the Privilege of Choice

Neoliberal cultural frames of individual choice inform mothers’ accounts of why they refuse state-mandated vaccines for their children. Using interviews with 25 mothers who reject recommended vaccines, this article examines the gendered discourse of vaccine refusal. First, I show how mothers, seeing themselves as experts on their children, weigh perceived risks of infection against those of vaccines and dismiss claims that vaccines are necessary. Second, I explicate how mothers see their own intensive mothering practices—particularly around feeding, nutrition, and natural living—as an alternate and superior means of supporting their children’s immunity. Third, I show how they attempt to control risk through management of social exposure, as they envision disease risk to lie in “foreign” bodies outside their networks, and, therefore, individually manageable. Finally, I examine how these mothers focus solely on their own children by evaluating—and often rejecting—assertions that their choices undermine comm...
Overview of Panama’s Tourism in the Aftermath of the Turnover of the Canal Zone

This study investigates Panama’s tourism at the time of the takeover of the Canal Zone by the Republic of Panama. This strip of land, which has been under the aegis of the United States since 1903, offers great opportunities for tourism development. The article describes Panama’s goals to redirect the country’s economy to one that relies substantially on revenues from tourism while preserving the isthmus’ exceptional biodiversity.
Top 11 technologies of the decade

The most powerful technologies take a while to mature. But when they do, they can rapidly retire mainstays that are decades old. Given in this paper are the top 11 technologies of the decade which are smartphones, social networking, voice over IP, LED lighting, multicore CPU, cloud computing, drone aircraft, planetary rovers, flexible AC transmission, digital photography and class-D audio.
Identifying Specialized 19th Century Fishing Camps on California's Northern Channel Islands: Applying AMS Radiocarbon Dating to Historical Sites

California’s Northern Channel Islands have long been an epicenter of specialized fishing economies dating from 13,000 yr ago to the mid-19th century. With thousands of well-preserved shell middens, some dominated by single shellfish species and little to no material culture, it can be difficult to distinguish between specialized prehistoric and historical deposits at some site types. Beginning at least in the Early Holocene and continuing into the Historic period, California mussels, turban snails, and abalone were targeted for specialized collection and processing by Native Americans and later Chinese and Euro-American fishers. Here, we demonstrate how selective accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dating of specialized abalone processing camps can help distinguish between prehistoric and historical sites. While unconventional, our case study demonstrates the utility of 14 C dating at sites less than 300 yr old. DOI: 10.2458/azu_rc.57.18397
USING NON-LINEAR RESPONSES OF MULTIPLE TAXONOMIC GROUPS TO ESTABLISH CRITERIA INDICATIVE OF WETLAND BIOLOGICAL CONDITION

Establishing criteria for protecting or improving wetland condition has often focused on physical and chemical factors, which can paint an incomplete picture of wetland quality. To protect the biological integrity of aquatic environments, identifying criteria based on biological responses to pollution is essential. We hypothesize that assessment of multiple taxonomic groups and response thresholds will provide statistically defensible effects-based methods to define reference condition and establish biological criteria. We used regression tree analysis to identify non-linear biological responses of three taxonomic groups (macrophytes, epiphytic diatoms, and plant-associated Zooplankton) collected from 36 depressional wetlands in the Muskegon River watershed (Michigan, USA). Multi-metric biotic indices were developed for all three taxonomic groups and these indices were combined to reveal biologically relevant thresholds along a gradient of human disturbance. We found these three taxonomic groups responded at similar levels of impairment and could be used to classify wetlands into three groups: reference sites representing the highest quality wetlands in the landscape; slightly altered sites where the most sensitive organisms responded (sensitive plants, diatoms); and degraded sites where extensive changes in community structure occurred, which may reflect a shift to an alternate state. For the Muskegon River watershed, in particular, this analysis allowed us to identify sites in need of restoration, including approximately one-third of the depressional wetlands in the watershed. This study outlines a method for identifying criteria that could be used for regulatory purposes. In particular, we recommend the use of community-level metrics in identifying broad-based changes in community composition that may represent shifts to alternate states, as well as the use of sensitive indicators, such as the occurrence of sensitive plant and diatom taxa.
Ventilator strategies for VV ECMO management with concomitant tracheal injury and H1N1 influenza.

Tracheal injury is a rare but highly morbid complication of endotracheal intubation. Recent reviews have advocated conservative management of these injuries without operative intervention. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may be a useful tool in non-operative management of tracheal injury in the setting of severe respiratory failure and need for prolonged intubation. We present a morbidly obese 33 year-old-female with H1N1 influenza pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome and bacterial super-infection who sustained a post-intubation tracheal injury. Concomitant tracheal injury and acute lung injury pose a difficult ventilation dilemma. This patient was successfully managed by venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, high frequency oscillator ventilation, proning position and tube thoracostomy. The venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and ventilator management were essential for this patient’s recovery.
Following Human Mobility Using Tweets

The availability of location-based agent data is growing rapidly, enabling new research into the behavior patterns of such agents in space and time. Previously, such analysis was limited to either small experiments with GPS-equipped agents, or proprietary datasets of human cell phone users that cannot be disseminated across the academic community for followup studies. In this paper, we study the movement patterns of Twitter users in London, Los Angeles, and Tokyo. We cluster these agents by their movement patterns across space and time. We also show that it is possible to infer part of the underlying transportation net- work from Tweets alone, and uncover interesting differences between the behaviors exhibited by users across these three cities.
Comparative Effectiveness of Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators for Primary Prevention in Women

Background—Clinical trials of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for primary prevention enrolled a limited number of women. We sought to examine clinical practice data to compare survival rates among women with heart failure with or without a primary prevention ICD. Methods and Results—We linked data from 264 US hospitals included in the Get With The Guidelines for Heart Failure registry with data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. From these sources, we propensity score matched 430 women with heart failure who received a primary prevention ICD to 430 women who did not; we further adjusted using a Cox proportional hazards model. Median follow-up was 3.4 and 3.0 years. For comparison, we matched 859 men receiving an ICD with 859 who did not; median follow-up was 3.9 versus 2.9 years. In the matched cohorts, an ICD was associated with similarly better survival in women (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.92; P=0.003) and men (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% confidence ...
Emerging Role of Genomic Rearrangements in Breast Cancer: Applying Knowledge from Other Cancers

Significant advances in our knowledge of cancer genomes are rapidly changing the way we think about tumor biology and the heterogeneity of cancer. Recent successes in genomically-guided treatment approaches accompanied by more sophisticated sequencing techniques have paved the way for deeper investigation into the landscape of genomic rearrangements in cancer. While considerable research on solid tumors has focused on point mutations that directly alter the coding sequence of key genes, far less is known about the role of somatic rearrangements. With many recurring alterations observed across tumor types, there is an obvious need for functional characterization of these genomic biomarkers in order to understand their relevance to tumor biology, therapy, and prognosis. As personalized therapy approaches are turning toward genomic alterations for answers, these biomarkers will become increasingly relevant to the practice of precision medicine. This review discusses the emerging role of genomic rearrangements in breast cancer, with a particular focus on fusion genes. In addition, it raises several key questions on the therapeutic value of such rearrangements and provides a framework to evaluate their significance as predictive and prognostic biomarkers.
Traffic flow from a low frame rate city camera

Traffic flow in a city is a rich source of information about the city. Cities are being instrumented with video cameras. They can potentially generate continuously large datasets to be processed (big data). This paper reports on our current work to detect traffic flow from an on-line low quality, low frame rate city video camera. The paper details a pipeline of four main steps — background subtraction, scene geometry, car detection, and car counting, and it illustrates results obtained with processing video from a single camera.
PROTOTYPE TO DETERMINE THE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABLE FRESHWATER AQUARIUM

Fresh water aquarium maintenance has become a popular household hobby worldwide. Today lots of environmental resources are being utilized such as water, live feed, plants and electricity for lightning, filtration, aeration etc for maintaining a fresh water aquarium. Today various environmental issues are getting surfaced. One solution to many environmental issues is environmental sustainable development. The outcome of the present research work is a prototype table that can be utilized to determine environmental sustainability of a freshwater aquarium. The prototype table is a first of its kind developed and no references are available for such a kind of research anywhere. So this prototype table must be considered as a baseline for further research and development in this area.
Abstract 11349: The Natriuretic Peptide Prohormones are Processed into Active Peptides in the Normal Human Circulation and the Processing is Preserved in Heart Failure

Introduction: We have reported that proBNP1-108 circulates in normal humans and is processed to mature BNP1-32 in human blood thus advancing the novel paradigm that proBNP1-108 is a circulating hormone. To date it remains unclear if proANP1-127 and proCNP1-103 also are processed in the circulation. We thought to determine if pre/proNP is processed in circulation and the processed forms can activate cGMP production, the second messenger of the natriuretic peptide receptors GC-A and GC-B. Since BNP1-32 is deficient and most abundant circulating BNP molecular form is proBNP1-108 in heart failure (HF), we hypothesize that each pro-or preproNPs is processed into active forms in normals but may not be in HF patients ex vivo . Methods: Fresh serum or EDTA plasma was obtained from normal volunteers (n=11) and patients with HF (n=12). Samples were incubated with or without exogenous pro- or preproNP tagged with 6 Histidines in the C-terminal end to facilitate isolation of mature processed forms. The processed peptides were isolated by immunoprecipitation and detected by Western Blot, and then sequenced. GC-A or GC-B expressing HEK293 cells were treated with or without the isolated peptides for 10 min and cGMP activity was measured. Results: All three precursor pre/pro NPs were processed in normal human serum. Specifically, proBNP1-108 was processed into BNP1-32*, preproANP1-151 was processed into ANP1-28* and preproCNP1-126 was processed into CNP1-53* in normal human serum (*confirmed by sequence analysis). Processed forms from each pre/proNPs were significantly increased at 5 min and persisted for 15 min, with no significant difference between normals and HF patients. Isolated processed peptides from preproANP and proBNP significantly stimulated cGMP production in GC-A cells, and those from preproCNP significantly stimulated cGMP production in GC-B cells in a pattern similar to mature ANP, BNP, and CNP. Conclusions: All three pre/proNPs are processed in both normal and HF circulation and all processed NPs are biologically active cGMP-activating molecular forms. There is no impaired processing of exogenous non-glycosylated pre/proNPs in HF, suggesting the emerging new concept about the processing of proNPs in the circulation of both normal and disease states.
EVALUATING A HYPOTHESIS ABOUT HETEROCHRONY: LARVAL LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS AND JUVENILE HIND-LIMB MORPHOLOGY IN HYLA CRUCIFER.

This paper reports the results of an investigation into whether selection on genetically based differences in the timing or rate of development (heterochrony) can give rise to nonadaptive morphological differences among individual frogs. We used a quantitative-genetics approach to examine the relationships among the life-history characters time to metamorphosis and larval-growth rate and a functionally significant morphological features, relative hind-limb length, in the spring peeper, Hyla crucifer. Time to metamorphosis and growth rate had low heritabilities in our population. Morphological traits had moderate heritabilities. There were positive genetic correlations between the life-history traits and the components of relative hind-limb length but no significant correlations with the shape variable itself. We used field observations of pond-drying time and experimental results of selection on growth rate to simulate the correlated responses of hind-limb shape to four reasonable selection regimes on the life-history traits. We found little evidence to suggest that relative hind-limb length would display much of a correlated response to such selection. The differences in relative hind-limb length seen among closely related species or among populations of a single species that appear to be unrelated to performance differences are not obviously explicable as neutral correlated responses to selection on larval traits.
IntelliDoc: Integrating CISTI's Information Services

SUMMARY In the eight years since its release, IntelliDoc has raised the standard for Document Delivery worldwide, and increased international recognition of CISTI as a major force in the information industry. IntelliDoc integrated a multitude of automated processes into a unified whole, enabling CISTI to offer close to same-day delivery of documents worldwide. IntelliDoc integrates document ordering from a host of ordering methods, scanning of documents from collections at CISTI and in partner collections, and a range of delivery options.
Management of Male Reproductive Tract Injuries and Disease

Medical and surgical management can be used to restore a bull that has suffered a reproductive tract malady. The economic cost of treatment weighed against the bull's replacement value as well as prognosis for recovery is of prime consideration. In turn, early recognition of a treatable condition and immediate initiation of action are factors that impact both treatment cost and prognosis in many cases. Common problems are penile hair rings, fibropapillomas, vesicular adenitis, penile hematoma, and traumatic injury to the prepuce. Less frequent problems are injuries that lead to denervation of the penis, penile shunts, and penile deviation.
Increased portal pressure and ascites in rats following ligation of portal vein.

SummaryPartial ligation of the portal vein resulted in the development of a small amount of ascites in 69%percnt; of a group of 110s rats. All rats showed an increase in portal pressure but the degree of increase did not correlate well with the amount of ascites.
Downstream Plasma Activated Etching of IIIV Compound Semiconductorsa

We have demonstrated a novel downstream plasma activated vapor phase etching of III-V compound semiconductors using ethylene di bromide as the etchant. Highly reproducible surfaces and etch rates were obtained by monitoring the reaction process with a mass spectrometer. Etch rates on InP of up to 4500A/min, at temperatures as low as 160°C, at an rf power input of 25 watts were achieved with no evident damage to the surface as indicated by PL measurements. Apparent activation energy measurements seem to suggest that the etch products might be organometallic in nature, in contrast to inorganic etch products seen in most etching studies. Etching is partially anisotropic and resulted in smoother surfaces when H 2 was used as the carrier gas for the etchant instead of N 2 .
Notes on Prodenia Praefica Grote

Prodenia praefica Grote has caused considerable damage periodically in California, Nevada, and Oregon. Alfalfa is the principal crop attacked, although severe damage has occurred to a large number of other field and truck crops. Biological studies conducted during 1930 and 1931 and observations on control during the widespread outbreak of 1930 are given.
The Future of Humanism: Cultivating the Humanities' Impulse in Mental Health Culture

SYNOPSISIn this article I argue that the future of humanism is dependent upon the cultivation of the humanities' impulse in mental health culture. certain orientations to helping can be categorized as humanities approaches because their focus is on human meaning systems. The dominant medical model, in contrast, purposefully eschews human meaning systems. unfortunately, humanities approaches are generally disconnected from each other, which weakens their ability to impact mental health culture. Humanism will have a bright future if it is conjoined with other humanities-based orientations. This would create a powerful, unified humanities response to the technical approaches that currently dominate the helping professions
Precise highspeed motor skill training based on haptic interaction

A method for precise high-speed motor skill training based on a haptic interaction system is introduced.The record-play mode and intelligent guiding mode are proposed.In the record-play mode,the trainee is passive and experiences position playback of the expert’s path with a Proportional-Derivative(PD) controller.In the intelligent guiding mode,the trainee traces the expert’s path actively.The haptic device can output guidance force if the trainee cannot match the patch of the expert.Finally,the haptic interaction system for envelope drawing skill training is constructed with the haptic device Omega 3DOF.The parameters of the force model on system stability are analyzed.Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm developed is feasible for precise high-speed motor skill training.
A measles outbreak among people with measles vaccination history in Beijing

A measles outbreak occurred in Beijing in 2013. 5 cases were diagnosed,they all received more than 2doses of measles vaccine 8- 12 years ago. The serological detection indicated that measles IgM were negative in all cases and measles IgG titers in convalescent phase were 4 times higher than that in acute phase in 2 cases. Nucleic acid testing for swab specimens confirmed that the pathogen was measles virus genotype H1. Secondary measles immunization failure might be the main cause of vaccinated people to be affected in this outbreak. Virus nucleic acid detection plays an important role in the diagnosis of measles due to secondary immunization failure.
Mechanistic Pathway of Carbon Monoxide Off-Gassing from Wood Pellets

The off-gassing of carbon monoxide (CO) from stored wood pellets has been identified as a significant problem, potentially resulting in adverse occupational and residential exposures. The mechanism for the production of CO from wood pellets has not been fully identified. In this study, a multiple step process has been hypothesized. The reaction is initiated by the autoxidation of unsaturated compounds, including fatty acids and terpenes, by molecular oxygen. As a byproduct of these reactions, hydroxyl radicals are formed. Then, the bulk of CO results from the reactions of hemicellulose and hydroxyl radicals. To understand the mechanistic pathway of CO off-gassing, a number of experiments were conducted in which CO was measured and evolved organic compounds were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). These studies identified a number of short- and long-chain aldehydes from the evolved gases that indicates the autoxidation mechanism. However, there is insufficient mass of these unsatur...
Desertion: Emigrants’ Wartime Mobility, Their Transnational War Experience, and the Myths of War

This chapter outlines the transnational discourses heard and expressed in the memoirs of two First World War deserters. The chapter will map a veteran’s movements during the war and his transatlantic journey after. The purpose of the mapping exercise is to demonstrate how movement during the war may have encouraged veterans to move after the conflict ended. German Great War memoirists reveal that they almost never knew where they were going during the war; they were simply sent to battle and made to obey orders. After the war, they seemed similarly “in the dark” about how to leave and where they might end up.
Introduction—Molecular Structure and Reactivity

To understand the way atoms bond to one another and then transform into new structures it is important to have a common set of rules and definitions. Herein, we describe key aspects of bonding, equilibrium, and driving forces that influence the structure and allow us to model and predict what are otherwise very complicated events. Many of the concepts presented in this chapter are a review for the student who has already taken the basic Organic series and the General Chemistry sequence, with a few new concepts and further explanations on some specific topics. This chapter helps create a common language and concepts that will be encountered in the book.
Cambridge and Oxford, 1830–50

As Stephen Prickett argues, Romanticism became a part of the early Victorian intellectual world, a world otherwise dominated by utilitarianism. Wordsworth and Coleridge were particularly influential in the university environment, while Lord Byron had a larger popular following. The Lake District poets formed the heart of a ‘minority tradition’ of philosophy, theology, aesthetics and ethics which informed many in the Oxbridge world with a special sense of purpose.1 For a time (especially in the 1830s and 1840s) the followers of Wordsworth and Coleridge held considerable influence in the Oxbridge world. Their thoughts, combined with the revival of religiosity felt through much of the early Victorian world, presented a strong, well–articulated counterweight to the principle of utility.
Hecke Operators on Linear Ordinary Differential Equations

We construct Hecke operators acting on the space of certain linear ordinary differential equations, and describe a Hermitian inner product on the space of such differential equations. We also determine the adjoint of the Hecke operator with respect to this inner product, and prove that the space of ordinary differential equations associated to an automorphic form for a certain discrete subgroup of SL(2, R) has a basis consisting of common eigenvectors of a class of Hecke operators.
The pulmonary donor.

This article discusses the Pittsburgh experience with the pulmonary donor and provides guidelines for the maintenance and selection of appropriate donor lungs. Criteria for the selection of the pulmonary donor include absence of radiographic abnormality, minimal ventilation-perfusion mismatch, and an absence of identifiable infection. Because early thoracic infections result in a high mortality, donors are excluded if white cells, fungi, or bacteria are noted in samples obtained from tracheal aspirates or bronchoscopic examination. A number of techniques for the procurement of donor lungs are currently satisfactory and include core cooling with the use of cardiopulmonary bypass and different hypothermic pulmonary artery flush solutions. Other clinical preservation techniques are discussed, including autoperfusion and the use of blood-based pulmoplegia and University of Wisconsin storage solution. Because so much of the outcome following pulmonary allografting is based on the quality of the donor lungs, much of the future direction in pulmonary transplantation must be directed toward a continuing investigation of better methods for selection and maintenance of the donor and ex vivo preservation.
Abstract 16287: Effect of Transradial Catheterization on Patency Rates of Radial Arteries Used as a Conduit for Coronary Bypass

Title: Effect of transradial catheterization on patency rates of radial arteries used as a conduit for coronary bypass. Objective: To assess the difference in radial artery graft patency between patients who had the same radial artery used for angiography prior to bypass compared with those who did not. At present there are numerous studies looking at radial artery occlusion in situ after catheterization however very few studies looking at patency of the radial artery when used as a graft for CABG. Methods: A retrospective review was performed of all patients who underwent CABG at our institution in that past 15 years utilizing a radial artery graft (n= 570). Those who had subsequent imaging of the graft to evaluate patency by an angiogram or CT scan at any time were included for the study. 155 radial grafts were analyzed. The primary end point was evidence of occlusion at any point in follow up. Group A consisted of grafts in which the radial artery used for CABG had been utilized for angiography prior t...
A kinematic investigation into the feeding behavior of the Goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara

Goliath grouper Epinephelus itajara suffered significant overfishing in the United States until they were protected from harvest in 1990. As the population recovers, interactions between Goliath grouper and anglers have increased, and are often reported to management agencies as complaints after grouper predation upon hooked fish. Goliath grouper are generally characterized as opportunistic predators capable of consuming a wide variety of prey types; however, minimal data are available regarding the prey capture behavior of this species. Kinematic analyses of adult Goliath grouper feeding events demonstrated the capacity of individuals to modulate feeding behavior based upon the mobility and position of ‘prey’ items. Mobile epibenthic food (tethered swimming fish) elicited larger maximum gapes, faster times to food capture, shorter times to mouth closing, and more rapid total bite durations than food items that were not moving (cut dead bait). Feeding sequences involving mobile food items were characterized by a significantly higher degree of ram feeding behavior, while immobile food elicited primarily suction feeding and were preceded by a slower and closer approach to the food item prior to the onset of mouth opening. The findings are discussed in light of predation upon angled species and demonstrate the ability of Goliath grouper to adjust their feeding strategy based upon prey type and condition. This behavior likely allows for the exploitation of a wide variety of prey and provides an expansive dietary breadth for these opportunistic predators.
Incidence of pulmonary embolism in patients with isolated calf deep vein thrombosis.

Abstract Background The severity of pulmonary embolism (PE) after isolated calf deep vein thrombosis (C-DVT) is controversial, which leads to inconsistent clinical decision making when treating C-DVT. This systematic review assessed PE frequency and severity in patients with C-DVT. Methods Database searches were completed using MEDLINE and Scopus along with cross-referencing. Two independent reviewers used using rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen the papers. Data concerning PE and C-DVT characteristics as well as methods of detection were abstracted. Studies reporting combined outcomes for patients with proximal and C-DVT, those with concurrent PE at diagnosis, and retrospective studies not allowing the determination of C-DVT and PE as separate events were excluded. Results Of 586 papers that were screened, 21 met inclusion criteria, which included eight randomized clinical trials and 13 prospective cohort studies. There was data heterogeneity among patients, methods of diagnosis, and follow-up. PE diagnosis was often based on ventilation/perfusion scanning, where more recent studies used computed tomography angiography. The PE is usually overestimated because it includes concurrent events. The incidence of PE from isolated C-DVT in our review was 0% to 6.2%. No fatal PEs were reported. No data were found on PE severity and patient outcomes regarding this complication. Conclusions Reported adverse outcomes of PE from C-DVT are infrequent, and clinical severity is unclear. Further studies are necessary to determine the actual risk associated with PE after C-DVT to establish proper treatment.