cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Living Alone and Discharge to Skilled Nursing Facility Care after Hospitalization in Older Adults.

Background/Objectives Community-based older adults are increasingly living alone. When they become ill, they might need greater support from the healthcare system than would those who live with others. There also has been a growing concern about the high use of postacute care such as skilled nursing facility (SNF) care and the level of variation in this use between hospitals and regions. Our objective was to examine whether living alone contributed to the risk of being discharged to a SNF. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Massachusetts General Hospital. Participants Community-dwelling individuals aged 50 and older admitted to the medical service and discharged alive between July 2014 and August 2015 (N = 7,029). Measurements We extracted demographic, clinical, and functional data from the electronic medical record and used multivariable logistic regression to determine whether living alone at the time of hospitalization was associated with subsequent discharge to a SNF. Results Of eligible individuals, 24.8% reported living alone before admission. Those living alone were more likely to be female, older, and more independent before admission than those living with others. Of all participants, 10.9% were discharged to a SNF. After adjustment, participants living alone had more than twice the odds of being discharged to a SNF (odds ratio = 2.23, 95% confidence interval = 1.85–2.69, P < .001). Discussion People living alone are more likely to be discharged to SNFs, even when compared to other individuals with similar levels of clinical complexity and functional status. To the extent that this variation is due to a lack of home support, it could be possible to reduce SNF use through additional home services after hospital discharge.
Neurobiology of the Psychopath

Books, movies and articles about serial killers, usually psychopathic, have become regular staples of modern culture. Our fascination with psychopaths and serial killers seems to well up from a deep, dark place within us, a place that yearns for an absence of constraints, that longs for unfettered domination of others. We are afraid of that dark, glittering place inside us, so that the wise detective, the hunt for justice, the comforting end to the chase satisfies us, leaving us in control again. An obsessive story of violence and control repeats itself in endless versions, a deep mythos of our times.
The pseudo-L.E. cell phenomenon, with report of a case.

An example of leuko-phagocytosis secondary to metastic bronchogenic carcinoma is presented. The transitory development of leukoagglutination and leukophagocytosis (pseudo-L.E. cell phenomenon) led to the erroneous diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. The differentiation between the L.E. cell phenomenon and the pseudo-phenomenon is discussed.
Deception and Virtue in Robotic and Cyber Warfare

Informational warfare is fundamentally about automating the human capacity for deceit and lies. This poses a significant problem in the ethics of informational warfare. If we want to maintain our commitments to just and legal warfare, then how can we build systems based on what would normally be considered unethical behavior in a way that our commitments to social justice are enhanced and not degraded by this endeavor, is there such a thing as a virtuous lie in the context of warfare? Given that no war is ever fully just or ethical. And that navigating the near instantaneous life and death decisions necessitated by modern conflicts fully taxes the moral intuitions of even the best trained and well intentioned war fighters. It follows, that we need accurate analysis on whether or not we can construct informational technologies that can help us make more ethical decisions on the battlefield. In this chapter I will focus on the fact that robots and other artificial agents will need to understand and utilize deception in order to be useful on the virtual and actual battlefield. At the same time, these agents must maintain the virtues required of an informational agent such as the ability to retain the trust of all those who interact with it. To further this analysis it is important to realize that the moral virtues required of an artificial agent are very different from those that are required of a human moral agent. Some of the major differences are that a virtuous artificial agent need only reveal its intentions to legitimate users, and in many situations it is actually morally obliged to keep some data confidential from certain users. In many circumstances cyber warfare systems must resist the attempts of other agents, human or otherwise, to change its programming or stored data. Given the specific virtues we must program into our cyber warfare systems, we will find that while human agents have many other drives and motivations that can complicate issues of trust, we will find that in comparison to human agents, artificial agents are far less complex and morally ambiguous. Thus it is conceivable that artificial agent should be actually more successful at navigating the moral paradox of the virtuous lie often necessitated by military conflict.
The Control of Plant Cell Elongation by Auxin and Gibberellin

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of progress in research on the effects of auxin and gibberellins (GAs) on plant cell elongation. The response of angiosperm shoots to auxins and GAs is well established, and many reviews deal with various aspects of cell elongation [2,22,34,41]. Research during the past decade has focused on the biophysical and biochemical mechanisms that underlie these responses. It is becoming increasingly clear that the biophysical basis of the growth response to both classes of hormones is similar, if not identical, and the biochemical processes that lead to changes in the properties of the cell wall may also be similar.
State Criminal Prosecution of a Former President: Accountability Through Complementarity Under American Federalism

With the end of the War in Iraq announced by sitting President Barack Obama in 2011 and the withdrawal of American troops by the end of December 2011, another opportunity arises for accountability for former President George W. Bush for instigating that war. Accountability can be imagined in many forms — international or foreign tribunal, domestic political accountability, or domestic criminal prosecution. Achieving accountability abroad or domestically for a former U.S. President has its challenges. An unexplored avenue for accountability through complementarity in American federalism is the state criminal prosecution of a former President. This alternative path conducted in appropriate circumstances appears to be foreseen in our constitutional structure, assuring the double protection of the rights of the People as was envisioned by Alexander Hamilton and James Madison.
Risk stratification and predictive value of the HOSPITAL score for oncology patient readmissions.

6548Background: Hospital readmissions are costly, frequent and harmful. Prediction models such as the HOSPITAL scoring system are reasonably accurate and efficient in predicting the readmission ris...
A Review of Systematic Reviews Targeting the Prevention and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adolescent Populations.

Abstract Purpose Adolescent obesity is a powerful predictor of morbidity and mortality, yet amenable to modifiable behaviors. To accurately summarize the effects of behavioral interventions on changes in adolescent body mass index and/or weight status, we assessed existing systematic reviews for reporting transparency and methodological quality. Methods Five databases were searched through September 2017 to identify relevant systematic reviews. Reviews were evaluated for reporting transparency and methodological quality using PRISMA Reporting Checklist and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews Instrument. Evidence was synthesized across high-quality reviews. Results Four of twelve systematic reviews were of high methodological quality. All four focused on the treatment of overweight/obesity in adolescent populations, representing 97 international studies. Findings indicate intervention compared with no intervention/wait list showed larger effects for improving BMI/BMI z-scores. Small improvements (averaging a 3.7-kg decrease) in weight/weight percentile were observed following a supervised exercise plus dietary and/or behavior support intervention. Health-related quality of life may improve following interventions, but overall attention to associated psychological variables (depression, self-esteem/perception) is limited. Conclusions Adherence to objective checklists and protocols for rigorous conduct and reporting of systematic reviews is warranted. Consensus evidence is urgently needed to define and report behavior change interventions related to obesity prevention and treatment.
A figure of merit for assertions in verification

Assertion quality is critical to the confidence and claims in a design's verification. In current practice, there is no metric to evaluate assertions. We introduce a methodology to rank register transfer level (RTL) assertions. We define assertion importance and assertion complexity and present efficient algorithms to compute them. Our method ranks each assertion according to its importance and complexity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ranking for pre-silicon verification on a detailed case study. For completeness, we study the relevance of our highly ranked assertions in a post-silicon validation context, using traced and restored signal values from the design's netlist.
Layer-By-Layer Film Engineering for Sequential Gene Delivery

Layer-by-layer (LbL) films are assembled with poly(amido amine)s (PAAs), a type of polycations containing bioreducible disulfide bond, and DNA plasmids to enable LbL film degradation in physiologic conditions by reacting with glutathione or redox-active membrane proteins. The interior layer structure of the LbL films during assembly and disassembly is studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM), ellipsometry, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy. Insertion of barrier layers in bioreducible LbL films is necessary to stabilize the interior layer structure and slow down the film degradation rate to achieve sequential gene delivery. Localized gene delivery from the LbL films is demonstrated using human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK 293) cells.
The first pollution investigation of road sediment in Gary, Indiana: Anthropogenic metals and possible health implications for a socioeconomically disadvantaged area.

Abstract An investigation of road sediment in Gary, Indiana revealed high levels of various trace metals such as Zn, Mn, and Cr, often exceeding those of background reference concentrations as shown through geoaccumulation indices and contamination factors. The hazard index (HI) value for Mn in children was >1 (1.7), suggesting possible long-term non-carcinogenic health risk. Mn HI for children is even higher for the five samples closest to a US Steel facility, with an HI of 2.8. Through SEM-EDS analysis, the prevalence of small particulates (PM2.5 and PM2.5–10) containing potentially harmful elements such as Mn and Pb illustrate a health risk through direct inhalation or ingestion. The small nature of particulates in general may also pose an increased health risk for respiratory diseases such as asthma. Mn concentrations in the road sediment were particularly high, with 30 out of 32 samples exceeding 1800 ppm. Mn and V concentrations show a strong spatial trend of decreasing concentration away from a US Steel facility. These spatial trends along with correlation plots of the bulk chemistry suggest that industrial steel manufacturing, particularly US Steel in Gary, is a major contributing source of Mn and V. Fe and Cr show a moderate decrease in concentrations away from the US Steel facility, which suggests some sourcing from the steel facility when coupled with bulk chemistry plots. Zn and Cu do not show much evidence of sourcing from the US Steel facility, likely due to increased mixing from other sources. Further work constraining anthropogenic sources, the bioaccessible fraction of metals, and analysis of direct atmospheric particulates can help with remedial activity and risk assessment.
Enhancing rigor and practice of scoping reviews in social policy research: considerations from a worked example on the Americans with disabilities act.

Background There is increasing theoretical consideration about the use of systematic and scoping reviews of evidence in informing disability and rehabilitation research and practice. Indicative of this trend, this journal published a piece by Rumrill, Fitzgerald and Merchant in 2010 explaining the utility and process for conducting reviews of intervention-based research. There is still need to consider how to apply such rigor when conducting more exploratory reviews of heterogeneous research. Objectives This article explores the challenges, benefits, and procedures for conducting rigorous exploratory scoping reviews of diverse evidence. Methods The article expands upon Rumrill, Fitzgerald and Merchant's framework and considers its application to more heterogeneous evidence on the impact of social policy. Results A worked example of a scoping review of the Americans with Disabilities Act is provided with a procedural framework for conducting scoping reviews on the effects of a social policy. The need for more nuanced techniques for enhancing rigor became apparent during the review process. Conclusions There are multiple methodological steps that can enhance the utility of exploratory scoping reviews. The potential of systematic consideration during the exploratory review process is shown as a viable method to enhance the rigor in reviewing diverse bodies of evidence.
Feasibility of Metal Additive Manufacturing for Fabricating Custom Surgical Instrumentation for Hip and Knee Implants

Abstract The prevailing approaches for fabrication of orthopedic surgery instruments involve specialized machining processes on cast or stock parts. For high-volume fabrication of those instruments, machining is the most cost-effective approach. However, many trial components and various patient-specific (and/or physician-specific) tools and instruments have complex geometries and are needed only in very small batches sizes. Towards addressing this strong need for efficient manufacturing of customized surgical instruments for hip and knee implant surgeries, in this work, we performed a feasibility study by using a selective laser melting (SLM) process for this purpose. Additively manufactured (AM) 316L stainless steel parts (in both as-built and stress relieved conditions) were compared with the traditionally manufactured components from nominally the same material for both mechanical properties and microstructure. To improve the surface roughness of the AM parts, three different surface finishing post-processes were evaluated to achieve the required roughnesses better than 1.5 microns Ra. Experiments are then conducted to evaluate the effect of AM process parameters, including the laser power, hatch spacing and raster speed, on the resulting as-built surface quality. Lastly, two sample surgical instruments were fabricated and post-processed to demonstrate the methodology. Overall, the use of metal AM for fabrication of custom surgical instrumentation is deemed feasible and promising.
Topographic Measurement of Individual Laser Tracks in Alloy 625 Bare Plates

Additive manufacturing (AM) combines all of the complexities of materials processing and manufacturing into a single process. The digital revolution made this combination possible, but the commercial viability of these technologies for critical parts may depend on digital process simulations to guide process development, product design, and part qualification. For laser powder bed fusion (LPBF), one must be able to model the behavior of a melt pool produced by a laser moving at a constant velocity over a smooth bare metal surface before taking on the additional complexities of this process. To provide data on this behavior for model evaluations, samples of a single-phase nickel-based alloy were polished smooth and exposed to a laser beam at 3 different power and speed settings in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Additive Manufacturing Metrology Testbed (AMMT) and a commercial AM machine. The solidified track remaining in the metal surface after the passing of the laser is a physical record of the position of the air-liquid-solid interface of the melt pool trailing behind the laser. The surface topography of these tracks was measured and quantified using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) for use as benchmarks in AM model development and validation. These measurements are part of the Additive Manufacturing Benchmark Test Series (AM-Bench).
Consumer understanding of the scope of FDA's prescription drug regulatory oversight: A nationally representative survey.

Purpose Misperceptions of how the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates prescription drugs may affect how consumers assess the safety and efficacy of prescription drugs. The study objective was to survey the public on their knowledge of FDA oversight regarding prescription drug approval and advertising. Methods In 2017, we conducted a nationally representative mail-push-to-web survey with 1,744 US adults. Results Although most respondents (86%) knew that FDA approves prescription drugs, we found misperceptions about what that approval means. In addition, few respondents understood FDA oversight of prescription drug advertising, with approximately half of respondents reporting that they did not know whether FDA approved these ads or components of the ads, and several mis-reporting that FDA approves these ads (31%) or components of the ads (22%-41%). Conclusions Enhanced collaboration and communication with the public by key stakeholders in this space could increase public understanding of the roles and responsibilities of FDA.
The Plastic Surgeon's Role in the COVID-19 Crisis: Regarding Domestic Violence

Pandemics are associated with increased rates of intimate partner violence (IPV). IPV-related physical abuse is most commonly inflicted through craniofacial assault and upper extremity injury. Plastic surgeons are frequently consulted for recommendations in the management of head-and-neck and hand trauma, thereby are uniquely positioned to encounter patients who have experienced IPV. However, IPV training is not routinely offered in surgical education. We provide a review of the increasing prevalence of IPV during the COVID-19 pandemic and its pertinence to plastic surgery consultation in the emergency room. This article aims to increase providers' confidence in recognizing IPV-suspicious injuries and propose an educational, interactive tool for discussing IPV with patients.
Can We Imagine a Human Future?: Afrofuturism, Transhumanism, and Human Life in Christ

This paper pushes theological engagements with transhumanism to attend to issues of race, gender, and sexual orientation through analysis of three works of speculative fiction – Greg Egan’s Diaspor...
Improved predictions of thermomechanical properties of molecular crystals from energy and dispersion corrected DFT.

Thermal stability and pressure-dependent changes are key to molecular crystals and their properties. The determination of their thermal properties from ab initio methods is, however, a challenging task. While the low-frequency phonon spectrum related to intermolecular vibrations remains difficult to describe, the Quasi-Harmonic Approximation (QHA) also induces for molecular crystals a significant volume deviation, which makes their thermal behavior ill-determined. To overcome these difficulties, we consider a pragmatic energy correction (EC) that has long been used for atomic crystals, and we presently report the first ever use for molecular crystals. Applying the QHA in dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D) calculations with an ab initio parameterized EC, the resulting model can simultaneously and accurately derive thermal and mechanical properties of high-explosive molecular crystals. When compared to experiments, the mean absolute percent error of previous DFT-based thermomechanical models is 12% for mechanical and 31% for thermal properties. Our model performs significantly better and reduces these uncertainties to 4.1% and 9.8%, respectively. In particular, the agreement between our model and experiments for the thermal properties is three times better. This significant improvement greatly benefits the determination of thermomechanical properties such as the Gruneisen parameter and the shock properties. The method has been successfully applied to molecular crystals showing a large diversity of weak intermolecular interactions (β-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazoctane (HMX), α-1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7), Triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB), e-Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL20), and Pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN)-I). Due to its accuracy and transferability, our model is expected to work for a large class of computationally designed molecular crystals and co-crystals, providing a basis for a predictive framework.
A Hybrid Metric based on Persistent Homology and its Application to Signal Classification

Topological Data Analysis (TDA) is a rising field in machine learning. TDA seeks to extract information about the shape of a data set by examining its topological and geometric properties. Persistence diagrams, one of main tools in TDA, store topological information about the data. Persistence curves, a recently developed framework, provides a canonical and flexible way to encode the information presented in persistence diagrams into vectors. Based on persistence curves, the main contributions of this work are to (1) provide new sets of features for time series, (2) prove that these features are robust to noise, (3) propose a hybrid metric that takes both geometric and topological information of the time series into account. Finally, we apply these metrics to all the datasets in the UCR Time Series Classification Archive. Empirical results show that the proposed metrics perform better than the relevant benchmark in most cases.
Culture Moderates the Relation Between Gender Inequality and Well-Being:

Research on the relation of gender inequality and subjective well-being (SWB) has produced inconsistent results. We suggest that culture moderates this relation such that inequality has a greater a...
Noisy neighbors and reticent residents: Distinguishing resident from non-resident individuals to improve passive acoustic monitoring

Abstract Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) is an increasingly common method for studying populations of vocally active species. However, the detection of individuals not resident to a site may obfuscate inferences about occurrence and population change. Here, we provide a framework for distinguishing resident from non-resident individuals to estimate territory—rather than site—occupancy in PAM programs by leveraging datasets on vocal behavior and acoustic detections for spotted owls (Strix occidentalis) in the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Based on acoustic/GPS tags, the extent over which individuals typically vocalized (the “vocal home range”) was small relative to space use, such that the likelihood of double counting resident territory-holders across multiple survey sites was low. However, comparing passive acoustic detections to known resident owl locations revealed that detections occurred at PAM survey sites known to be unoccupied, possibly because of the presence of non-territorial individuals. Strict thresholds that required acoustic detections over multiple survey periods successfully removed all detections of non-resident individuals but increased the probability of not detecting resident individuals. Conversely, relatively liberal thresholds that minimized the probability of missing resident individuals increased the probability of detecting non-residents. Thus, a tradeoff exists between error types, with optimal threshold criteria dependent on conservation objectives. Our study highlights the importance of examining patterns in individual vocal behavior and acoustic detections to minimize inferential errors in PAM. It also provides a generalizable framework that can be tailored according to specific conservation objectives to strengthen inferences from PAM as it becomes standard practice in conservation science.
Coupled process and device modeling of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells

Point defects directly impact solar cell device performance by limiting the carrier lifetime. In this work, density functional theory calculations are first conducted to determine the formation energy and diffusion energy barriers of dominant defects in Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 . Next, continuum models are developed to model the redistribution of defects during cooling and annealing processes. The calculated defect profiles as well as the corresponding capture cross sections and trap energy levels are implemented into device simulation via Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) recombination models to calculate carrier lifetime and device performance. In that way, a predictive TCAD model is built to optimize the composition and performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 solar cells.
Archaeological research and the academic process

This chapter considers the experiences of the authors as regards the relevance of archaeological research in an academic setting. Comparing their careers, the authors discuss both the opportunities and constraints that they have experienced in academia (including the relationship of academia to industry), consider their primary considerations – and motivations – as they develop their programs of research, and discuss what is expected from their research in their respective academic positions. The authors explore in particular the pressures that they have faced within universities with respect to research, fieldwork schedules, grant income and publications, and thus the extent that such pressures have influenced how each has crafted or presented their research over time.
Keynote Essay: A Modern Political Tribalism in Natural Resources Management

Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/lsfp Part of the Environmental Law Commons, Ethics and Professional Responsibility Commons, Land Use Planning Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal Education Commons, Legal History, Theory and Process Commons, Legal Writing and Research Commons, Natural Resources Law Commons, Oil, Gas, and Mineral Law Commons, Politics Commons, and the Public Law and Legal Theory Commons
Kinetic destabilization of the hydroperoxy flavin intermediate by site-directed modification of the reactive thiol in bacterial luciferase.

Bacterial luciferase catalyzes the formation of visible light, FMN, and a carboxylic acid from FMNH2, O2, and the corresponding aldehyde. The reactive cysteinyl residue at position 106 of the alpha subunit has been replaced by serine, alanine, and valine by site-directed mutagenesis (Baldwin, T. O., Chen L. H., Chlumsky, L. J., Devine, J. H., and Ziegler, M. M. (1989) J. Biolumin. Chemilumin. 4, 40-48) and the kinetics of the reaction catalyzed by each mutant protein measured by stopped-flow spectrophotometry at pH 7 and 25 degrees C. The time courses for the formation and decay of the various intermediates for the three alpha C106 mutants have been followed by monitoring the absorbance at 380 and 445 nm and the emission of visible light using n-decanal as the aldehyde substrate. The time courses for these events have been incorporated into a comprehensive kinetic model; 16 individual rate constants have been obtained for this model by numeric simulations of the time courses for the wild-type enzyme and for the three alpha C106 mutants. The mutants catalyzed the production of visible light demonstrating that the reactive thiol is not involved in the bioluminescence reaction. All three mutants have been found to catalyze the formation of the C4a-hydroperoxy flavin intermediate with rate constants equal to that of the wild-type enzyme. These results are incompatible with those reported by Xi et al. who have suggested that the major pathway for the oxidation of alpha C106V-bound FMNH2 does not involve the C4a-hydroperoxy flavin as an intermediate (Xi, L., Cho, K.-W., Herndon, M.E., and Tu, S.-C. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 4200-4203). The rates of decay of the C4a-hydroperoxy flavin intermediate with the mutant enzymes were found to be two orders of magnitude faster than that of the wild-type enzyme. Luciferase has been shown to be inhibited at high levels of aldehyde substrate when the enzyme is assayed by injecting FMNH2 into an aerobic mixture of enzyme and aldehyde. This aldehyde inhibition has been shown to occur by the formation of a dead-end enzyme-aldehyde complex which blocks the binding of FMNH2 to the enzyme; loss of activity is due to the rapid nonenzymatic decomposition of the reduced flavin with molecular oxygen.
Estimates of Diesel Particulate Concentration in Four Urban Areas Under Different NO x Emission Scenarios

The annual mean diesel particulate concentrations in 1979 were estimated for four urban areas - New York, Los Angeles, Washington, DC and Denver. These values were then compared with projections for the year 2000 under three different NO/sub X/ emission scenarios. The particulate emission rates chosen for the three scenarios are best engineering estimates which include the implementation of advanced technology. It was found that diesel particulate concentrations remained about the same as the 1979 levels for the high NO/sub X/ scenario, but doubled or more than doubled for the low NO/sub X/ scenario. The low NO/sub X/ scenario will also lead to a visibility deterioration of 5% or more compared to 1979 visibility. For all scenarios, the contributions of buses and heavy duty trucks to diesel particulate concentrations are comparable for all cities except Los Angeles, with a combined contribution of 65 to 85%. In Los Angeles, heavy duty trucks account for more than 70% of the diesel particulates while buses contribute less than 5%.
Irreducibility, brill-noether loci, and Vojta's inequality

This paper deals with generalizations of Hilbert's irreducibility theorem. The classical Hilbert irreducibility theorem states that for any cover f of the projective line defined over a number field k, there exist infinitely many k-rational points on the projective line such that the fiber of f over P is irreducible over k. In this paper, we consider similar statements about algebraic points of higher degree on curves of any genus. We prove that Hilbert's irreducibility theorem admits a natural generalization to rational points on an elliptic curve and thus, via a theorem of Abramovich and Harris, to points of degree 3 or less on any curve. We also present examples that show that this generalization does not hold for points of degree 4 or more. These examples come from an earlier geometric construction of Debarre and Fahlaoui; some additional necessary facts about this construction can be found in the appendix provided by Debarre. We exhibit a connection between these irreducibility questions and the sharpness of Vojta's inequality for algebraic points on curves. In particular, we show that Vojta's inequality is not sharp for the algebraic points arising in our examples.
Radiation Effects on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Type-304 Stainless Steel

The mechanical properties and microstructures of Type-304 stainless steel were studied as a function of cold work, neutron irradiation, and testing temperature. True-stress, true-strain tensile tes...
IR CCD Imaging of L1551-IRS 5: Direct Observations of its Circumstellar Shell

We present new, high spatial resolution images of L1551-IRS 5 at 1.65, 2.2, and 3.8 μm which were obtained with the University of Rochester’s new Near-Infrared Array Camera mounted on the KPNO 1.3-m telescope. We find that at these wavelengths IRS 5 is about twice as large as a point source, and that it is elongated along the direction of the polarization. These observations are interpreted in terms of a flattened circumstellar shell that is viewed from about 20° above its equatorial plane. In this model, the central star is not seen directly, but only scattered light from one of the polar regions, where the shell is thinnest, is observed. We infer that the radius of the shell is about 1000 AU, and that its density is more than 107cm-3. This model explains qualitatively the large IR polarization. A comparison of our images with the VLA maps of this source suggests that the radio jets are collimated by the shell.
The Incompatibility of Sovereignty and Politics in the Anarchist Thought of Leo Tolstoy

Very little attention in anarchist theory has been given to the important concepts of sovereignty or the political. This essay employs a close reading of Leo Tolstoy’s non-ﬁction which argues for the rejection of sovereign institutions, but does not require – or even encourage – a rejection of political or social institutions. Political authority, political obligation, even political organizations and social institutions, appear completely compatible, perhaps even desirable, to Tolstoy’s anarchism, insofar as these institutions are understood as non-sovereign. Even more signiﬁcantly, Tolstoy suggests that proper political activity requires a rejection of sovereign activity. Ultimately, this essay suggests that the concepts of the political and of sovereignty may be fundamentally incompatible with one another.
Periodicities of the Flare Occurrence Rate in Solar Cycle 19

The occurrence rate of major flares during solar cycle 19 has been analyzed. A periodicity of 51 d is found, which is one-third of the period found from the flare rates of solar cycles 20 and 21 by various authors. The statistical significance of the periodicity is estimated to be at 99.85-percent confidence level. This periodicity is though to be related to the 153-d periodicity. The template of the phase diagram is well described by a constant plus a sine function. Additionally, an 18-month periodicity is found in the flare rate of the northern hemisphere.
Physicians' attitudes toward substance abuse and drug testing.

Responding to a survey, 303 physicians provided opinions about permissibility of substance use among eight occupational groups, appropriateness of drug-screening programs by employers, and the role...
The Consumer Does Benefit from Feasible Price Stability: A Comment

In an article for this journal,' Professor Samuelson criticizes two papers, one showing that consumers could benefit from price instability and the other demonstrating that a competitive firm would prefer stochastically unstable prices to a stable price equal to the mean of the unstable prices.2 The gist of his criticism is that the kind of price instability assumed in these papers is infeasible, and hence the conclusion that price instability is to be preferred must be rejected.3 As the author of one of these papers, I have prepared this comment for two reasons. First, Samuelson provides his own interpretation of my paper, and that interpretation is at variance from what I had intended and written. Second, and more important, he has analyzed a general equilibrium model that is incapable of generating price instability except through the intervention of a deviant nonprofit manipulator. His analysis is an obviously correct one for a world consisting of a closed, stationary economy, but that is not the world for which my modest note was intended.
Behavioral treatment of panic disorder: A two-year follow-up

Forty-one patients with panic disorder with mild or no agoraphobic avoidance, who participated in one of three cognitive-behavioral treatment conditions, were assessed six months and twenty-four months following treatment completion. Treatment consisted of either progressive muscle relaxation, interoceptive exposure therapy plus cognitive restructuring, or a combination of relaxation and interoceptive exposure therapy plus cognitive restructuring. Assessments included semi-structured diagnostic interviews, self-report inventories, and self-monitoring. The post-treatment results, presented in an earlier report, showed that panic attacks were more effectively controlled by interoceptive exposure and cognitive restructuring treatments than by relaxation training. Relative to the other treatment conditions, subjects in the relaxation condition evidenced less favorable response on measures of panic and general psychopathology across the follow-up periods as well. In contrast, patients in the interoceptive exposure plus cognitive therapy condition tended to either maintain or improve upon their post-treatment status over the two-year follow-up interval. Fully 81% of the patients in the latter condition remained panic-free at the 24-month assessment.
Life history of immature maize weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) on corn stored at constant temperatures and relative humidities in the laboratory.

Life history of immature maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, was studied at 10–40°C and 43–76% RH. The optimal quantity of corn for minimizing density effects and the optimal observation frequency for minimizing disturbance effects were determined at 30°C and 75% RH. The quantity of corn (32–256 g) provided to five females ovipositing for 24 h did not affect duration of development, but the number of progeny produced increased asymptotically as the quantity of corn provided increased. Frequency of observation (from 1- to 14-d intervals) did not affect duration of development or number of progeny produced. Using moisture contents measured in the life history study, an equation was developed for predicting equilibrium moisture content of corn from temperature and relative humidity. Duration of immature development did not vary with sex, but did vary with test. This suggests that insect strain or chemical composition of the corn must be included as factors in a model predicting effects of environment on duration of immature development. Survival from egg to adult emergence was greatest at 25°C. Sex ratio of emerging adults did not differ from 1:1. The number of multiply-infested kernels was low at all environmental conditions, and survival from egg to adult emergence in these kernels averaged 18%. Maximum daily rate of fecundity, duration of development, and number of progeny produced were optimal at 30°C and 75% RH. An index of environmental suitability indicated that 30°C and 75% RH was the optimal environment for growth of maize weevil populations on corn. Implications of the results for managing maize weevil populations are discussed.
Transbronchial Lung Biopsy for the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis

Abstract To evaluate the efficacy of transbronchial lung biopsy in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis, 26 consecutive patients with clinical features of sarcoidosis underwent this procedure during fiberoptic bronchoscopy. In 21, the biopsy revealed noncaseating granuloma and, in the remaining five, normal lung parenchyma. Subsequently, two of these five patients were found to have tuberculosis, one had multiple pulmonary emboli, one was confirmed as having sarcoidosis, and the fifth has not had further evaluation. Transbronchial lung biopsy was therefore successful in the histologic confirmation of sarcoidosis in 21 of 23 patients. The only complication was one 20 per cent pneumothorax, which resolved spontaneously. Because of its low morbidity rate, high diagnostic yield and specificity transbronchial lung biopsy is recommended as one of the initial procedures for obtaining histologic confirmation in patients with suspected sarcoidosis. (N Engl J Med 293:268–270, 1975)
T1 mapping by CMR in cardiomyopathy: a noninvasive myocardial biopsy?

Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is evolving to be the imaging modality of choice for differentiating the etiology of cardiomyopathies. Its inherent 3-dimensional nature enables accurate measurement of left ventricular (LV) volumes, mass, and ejection fraction ([1][1]). Late gadolinium enhancement (
X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopic study of schiff base metal complexes

Abstract Metal donor atom core electron binding energies have been measured for seven related polydentate Schifr base complexes of nickel(II) and copper(II). The potential donor atoms of all neutral ligands except one and the free metals were also studied. Rather high metal chemical shifts were observed, but no correlation between metal binding energy and known ligand field strength was noted. Satellite peaks are found in the spectra of all paramagnetic complexes.
Downward influence of stratospheric final warming events in an idealized model

[1] The stratospheric final warming is the final transition of the zonal winds from wintertime westerlies to summertime easterlies as solar heating of the high latitude stratosphere increases. Here the stratospheric influence on the tropospheric circulation during the stratospheric final warming events is investigated through ensemble model integrations of a simple dynamical core general circulation model. When the radiative equilibrium temperature in the stratosphere alone is gradually changed from a winter to a summer profile, the model generates realistic final warmings. As in the observations, the simulated final warmings occur at different “dates” in different realizations. Following previously published analyses of observed final warmings, we form a climatological springtime transition and compute composite anomalies centered on the final warmings. Simulations for both non-topographic and topographic cases show that starting five days before the final warming, the stratospheric zonal wind rapidly decelerates, in association with a strong upward Eliassen-Palm (EP) flux anomaly and EP flux convergence. Precursor events of wave driven zonal-wind deceleration occur, but at different times in simulations with and without topography. The composite zonal wind anomalies for final warmings with and without topography are compared with each other and with observations. In both cases, a statistically significant zonal wind anomaly extends downward to the surface, similarly to what is observed in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). These tropospheric zonal wind anomalies are stronger in the simulations with topography. Tropospheric geopotential height anomalies across the final warming also resemble NH observations.
Hollow Microporous Cerium Oxide Spheres Templated By Colloidal Silica

We present a simple, solution-based synthetic route to hollow cerium oxide spheres. Thin layers (∼12 nm) of cerium oxide are deposited onto ∼200 nm silica colloids using cerium nitrate and the silica cores are subsequently removed to yield hollow spheres. The spheres are composed of ∼4 nm ceria nanocrystals. Nitrogen adsorption isotherms indicate that the spheres are microporous with pore sizes of approximately 10 A. The spheres are thermally stable to collapse and ripening up to 700 °C and are active for the catalytic combustion of carbons. The hollow ceria spheres developed in this work are attractive as building blocks for multicomponent catalysts.
The neutrinos in muon decay

We review the available information on the identity of the neutrino states emitted in muon decay, and discuss the exotic decay μ+ → e + ν e v μ
Robust and adaptive extraction of RFI signals from ultra-wideband radar data

In this paper, we propose a novel, robust, and adaptive technique for the extraction of radio frequency interference (RFI) signals from ultra-wideband (UWB) radar data via sparse recovery. Unlike notch-filtering techniques that have been widely employed in the past, our proposed technique directly estimates and suppresses RFI signals from the UWB radar signal directly in time domain. Therefore, it does not suffer from several detrimental side effects such as high-sidelobe distortion and target-amplitude reduction as often observed in notch-filtering approaches. In addition, the technique is completely adaptive with highly time-varying environments and does not assume any knowledge (from frequency band to modulation scheme) of the RFI sources. The proposed technique is based on a sparse-recovery approach that simultaneously solves for (i) the UWB radar signal embedded in RFI noise with large amplitudes and (ii) RFI signals. Using both simulated and real-world data measured by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) UWB synthetic aperture radar (SAR), we show that our proposed RFI extraction technique successfully recovers the UWB radar signal embedded in large-amplitude RFI signals. An average of 12 dB of RFI suppression is consistently realized in the real radar data experiments.
Effect of metal ions on HIF-1α and Fe homeostasis in human A549 cells

Several metals are carcinogenic but little is known about the mechanisms by which they cause cancer. A pathway that may contribute to metal ion induced carcinogenesis is by hypoxia signaling, which involves a disruption of cellular iron homeostasis by competition with iron transporters or iron-regulated enzymes. To examine the involvement of iron in the hypoxia signaling activity of these metal ions we investigated HIF-1alpha protein stabilization, IRP-1 activity, and ferritin protein levels in human lung carcinoma A459 cells exposed to various agents in serum- and iron-free salt-glucose medium (SGM) or in normal complete medium. We also studied the effects of excess exogenous iron on these responses induced by nickel ion exposure. Our results show the following: (1) SGM enhanced metals-induced HIF-1alpha stabilization and IRP-1 activation (e.g., nickel and cobalt ions). (2) If SGM was reconstituted with a slight excess level (25 microM of FeSO(4)) of iron, this enhancing ability was significantly decreased. (3) The effect of a high level of exogenous iron (500 microM of FeSO(4)) on metal-induced hypoxia and iron metabolism was highly dependent on the order of addition. If treatment with the Fe and metal ions was simultaneous (co-treatment), the effects of nickel ion exposure were overwhelmed, since the added Fe reversed HIF-1alpha stabilization, decreased IRP-1 activity, and increased ferritin level. Pre-treatment with iron was not able to reverse the responses caused by nickel ion exposure. These results imply that it is important to consider the available iron concentration and suitable exposure design when studying metal-induced hypoxia or metal-induced disruption of Fe homeostasis.
Well-posedness and regularity of backward stochastic Volterra integral equations

Backward stochastic Volterra integral equations (BSVIEs, for short) are studied. Notion of adapted M-solution is introduced. Well-posedness of BSVIEs is established and some regularity results are proved for the adapted M-solutions via Malliavin calculus. A Pontryagin type maximum principle is presented for optimal controls of stochastic Volterra integral equations.