cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study of the mechanism of micropore fillingII. Pore filling of a microporous silica

Abstract The adsorption isotherms of argon, benzene, water and two alcohols by a microporous silica are found to be best described by a two-term Dubinin—Radushkevich equation. A comparison of the data fit between benzene, as standard, and the alcohols and between argon, as standard, and the alcohols illustrates the inability of the Theory for Volume Filling of Micropores to predict isotherms involving nondispersion interactions. Differentiation of the two-term DR equation gives the probability distribution of the micropore and supermicropore filling contribution to the cumulative distribution of micropore filling. From the curves for each adsorbate, at sufficiently low pressures, it is proposed that the micropores fill almost exclusively at the expense of the supermicropores. The mechanism of supermicropore filling is proposed to be a transition between volume filling in micropores proper and capillary condensation.
Effect of High Temperature Exposure on the Mechanical Properties and Moisture Absorption Kinetics of Graphite/Epoxy Laminates

This study investigates the effect of exposure to elevated temperatures on the mechanical properties and moisture absorption kinetics of a graphite/epoxy composite laminate. 16-ply unidirectional AS4/3501-6 laminates are cured in an autoclave. The temperature profile during cure cycle involves a ramp of 5°C/min followed by a 3-hour hold at 177°C (350°F). The test samples obtained from these laminates are subjected to 150, 200, 250, 275, 300 and 325°C for 30min. Flexural strength and stiffness of the samples are characterized by three-point bending tests before and after the temperature exposure. These samples are then immersed into distilled water at 80°C and weighed at regular intervals to characterize their moisture absorption kinetics. Stiffness remained nearly unaffected from exposure to elevated temperatures except for 300 and 325°C. At 300 and 325°C, up to 21% and 58% reductions in flexural stiffness with respect to the control samples is observed, respectively. On the other hand, flexural strength displayed slight reduction at 250°C and resulted in over 60% and 88% deterioration for 300 and 325°C, respectively. Exposure to 150 and 200°C did not result in significant changes in mechanical properties. However, moisture absorption experiments indicated an increase in the rate of diffusion even if the mechanical properties are unaffected. The diffusion coefficient displayed an increase of 27% for 150°C, 75% for 200°C, reaching a maximum increase of 600% for 300°C exposure.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
The eagle and the dove: constructing catholic identity through word and image in nineteenth-century united states

ABSTRACTIn nineteenth-century United States the subject of Catholic devotional practices figured prominently in anti-Catholic polemical literature. To combat anti-Catholic sentiment the editors and illustrators of Catholic popular literature recast devotional practices through the lens of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution. Through images and narrative these authors forged connections between Catholic rituals and American practices of civil religion like the observance of national holidays and the veneration of the American flag. By recasting the practices like the veneration of relics, the lives of saints and devotions within the framework of an American civil religion, Catholics claimed that Americans engaged in similar practices and rituals. In this way Catholics naturalized their dogmas and interpreted them within a framework familiar to non-Catholic Americans, thus countering claims by detractors that they were superstitious and idolatrous.
Hybrid character and rotational structure of the π ∗ ←π transitions of thionaphthene and benzofuran

Abstract Rotational analyses of the 0-0 bands of thionaphthene and benzofuran are reported. The electronic transitions are at 2936 and 2781 A, respectively. Using computer simulation techniques it is possible to obtain changes in rotational constants upon excitation (Δ A = −0.002797 cm −1 ; Δ B = −0.000450 cm −1 ; Δ C = −0.000465 cm −1 for thionaphthene; and Δ A = −0.005888 cm −1 ; Δ B = −0.000650 cm −1 ; Δ C = −0.000841 cm −1 for benzofuran), to assign numerous rotational features, and to demonstrate the hybrid character of the transition moment. For both molecules the latter is shown to lie in-plane. However, in benzofuran the transition moment is predominantly A -type (90% A -type-10% B -type ± 5%), while in thionaphthene B -type character predominants (10% A -type-90% B -type ± 10%). These facts confirm the assignment of the transition as π ∗ «π . The 0-0 band origins of thionaphthene and benzofuran are found to be at 34 055.73 ± 0.05 cm −1 and 35 920.02 ± 0.05 cm −1 , respectively.
Effect of the Pauli principle in elastic scattering

The effect of imposition of the Pauli principle for two-fragment elastic nuclear scattering is examined. It is shown that the antisymmetrized problem can be cast into the Lippmann-Schwinger form with an effective interaction in which the effect of the Pauli principle is entirely absorbed into the effective interaction potential operator. This result enables the formalism to be developed in analogy with the unsymmetrized formulation. Central to the approach is the choice of the off-shell extension of the transition operator. Comparison is made with a previously proposed treatment based on a different off-shell extension. It is shown that both the antisymmetrized transition operator and the associated optical potential proposed herein are readily expressed as spectator expansions in which the effect of the Pauli principle among the active fermions is incorporated in a physically appealing fashion at each stage of the expansion.
Multiple RNA polymerase holoenzymes exert transcriptional specificity in Bacillus subtilis.

The Gram-positive sporulating bacterium, Bacillus subtilis, has a complex transcriptional apparatus consisting of at least three different holoenzymes during its vegetative growth and at least one new holoenzyme during sporulation. The multiple forms of holoenzyme contain sigma factors whose molecular weights range from 28,000 to 55,000. Base sequence analyses have revealed that the promoters recognized by these holoenzymes differ in their −35 and −10 regions. Thus regulation of gene expression in this organism depends at least in part on transcriptional specificity between a family of holoenzymes and sets of promoter spectra.
Abstract 1377: Guided imagery use in the peri-operative period of gynecologic oncology surgery.

Objective: To assess the feasibility of using guided imagery therapy in the peri-operative period at the time of Gynecologic Oncology surgery. Methods: IRB approval was obtained for this randomized control trial. Patients were recruited based on having an exploratory laparotomy surgery with the gynecologic oncology group. Research staff performed a phone interview and obtained written consent. Patients were randomized to standard of care therapy, blank CD which was to simulate noise reduction headphones, or a validated guided imagery CD. The intervention would be used in pre op waiting area, during surgery, and after surgery. VAS scores, amount of narcotics used, amount of anti-emetics used, FACT G and POMS surveys were collected. Results: 12 patients were attempted to be recruited for the study from April 2012 to the present. Prior to study enrollment, all patients were excited about the study and willing participants. All 12 pre op nurses were a barrier to discuss the study with the patients in the pre op area. 2 patients were unable to be consented due to the pre-operative nursing staff baring the research staff from consenting. 3 of the 10 RNAs stated that the player was dysfunctional, though the players were tested prior to delivery to the pre-operative area. 7 of the 12 patients stated that they ‘forgot’ to listen to the CD prior to surgery, or that the nurses did not let them take the time to listen. Only 2 of the 12 patients actually listened to the CD prior to surgery; only 2 of the 12 had the CD played during surgery. 4 of the 12 never received the CD player and surveys after surgery on the surgical oncology floor. Only 1 of the 12 actually listened to the CD throughout the entire hospital stay. 5 patients were told that it was “too busy” to listen to the CD by the floor nursing staff. 6 CD players were lost or stolen during the course of the study. To date, only 1 patient in the control group completed all surveys. However, 3 patients voiced excitement and satisfaction when using the intervention CD during their immediate peri-operative time, and were documented by external observers to have resolution of their anxiety while using the intervention CD. Conclusions: While subjectively beneficial for patients to decrease stress responses peri-operatively, integrative medicine techniques such as guided imagery will be difficult to implement until the culture of medicine embraces this novel modality. Citation Format: Elizabeth L. Dickson, Matt Gerber, Amy L. Jonson. Guided imagery use in the peri-operative period of gynecologic oncology surgery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1377. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1377
Liquid structure and dielectric relaxation of some isomeric methylheptanols

Abstract The dielectric permittivity and loss of 6-, 4-, and 2-methyl-1-heptanol have been measured over a wide range of frequency and temperature. The equilibrium polarization of all three isomers and its temperature dependence is similar, which suggests that the type and extent of intermolecular association is also similar. A model of H-bond association to chain n-mers is proposed. Dielectric relaxation is Debye-like for all three liquids; the activation parameters are shown to be sensitive functions of the isomer structure. A qualitative model of relaxation in which H-bond rupture is a prerequisite rather than a rate determining step is proposed. Relaxation in other isomeric octanols and monoalcanols is discussed from this point of view.
Aspartylphenylalanine Methyl Ester: A Low-Calorie Sweetener

Sensory evaluation indicated that aspartylphenylalanine methyl ester is about 160 times sweeter than sucrose in aqueous solution. Blends of this dipeptide with (i) sodium saccharin, (ii) sodium saccharin and sucrose, and (iii) sodium saccharin, sucrose, and calcium cyclamate did not differ significantly from 4 or 12 percent sucrose in bitterness, off-flavors, or aftertaste.
Molecular cloning of hamster lipid transfer inhibitor protein (apolipoprotein F) and regulation of its expression by hyperlipidemia.

Lipid transfer inhibitor protein (LTIP) is a regulator of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) function. Factors affecting plasma LTIP levels are poorly understood. In humans, plasma LTIP is elevated in hypercholesterolemia. To define possible mechanisms by which hyperlipidemia modifies LTIP, we investigated the effects of hypercholesterolemic diets on plasma LTIP and mRNA levels in experimental animals. The hamster, which naturally expresses CETP, was shown to express LTIP. Hamster LTIP mRNA, exclusively detected in the liver, defined a predicted LTIP protein that is 69% homologous to human, with an isoelectric point of 4.15 and Mr = ∼16.4 kDa. Hyperlipidemia induced by feeding hydrogenated coconut oil, cholesterol, or both lipids increased plasma LTIP mass up to 2.5-fold, with LTIP mass correlating strongly with plasma cholesterol levels. CETP mass was similarly affected by these diets. In contrast, these diets reduced LTIP hepatic mRNA levels by >50%, whereas CETP mRNA was increased. Similar results for both CETP and LTIP were also observed in cholesterol-fed rabbits. In conclusion, we report in hamster and rabbit that dietary lipids regulate LTIP. Diet-induced hypercholesterolemia markedly increased plasma LTIP mass while concomitantly depressing LTIP gene expression. CETP and LTIP have distinct responses to dietary lipids.
Numerical test of the Liouville equation

Dynamic ensemble theory is tested numerically for an ensemble of 1000 classical one-dimensional oscillators obeying canonical ``Nos\'e-Hoover'' dynamics. This dynamics couples each oscillator to a canonical heat bath characterized by a temperature and a relaxation time. Some initial oscillator conditions correspond to regular phase-space orbits of the Kolmogorov-Arnol'd-Moser torus type while others generate wider-ranging chaotic trajectories. Among the regular oscillator orbits is a set of trajectories resembling ``double bedsprings,'' with ``quantized'' values of the oscillator energy and mean-square displacement. The number which indexes these orbits corresponds to the number of coils between turning points. Despite the existence of this relatively complex mixture of regular and chaotic trajectories, the Liouville equation correctly describes phase-space flows, in both the steady equilibrium canonical-ensemble case as well as in the nonsteady cases which evolve from strongly nonequilibrium initial conditions. The source of apparent irreversibility seen in the nonsteady evolution of the oscillator ensemble is identified as a ``second-law'' attractor, usually characteristic of large thermodynamic systems. The attractor is that relatively small but highly probable portion of phase space for which observation times exceed recurrence times.
Source regions for recruitment of Calanus finmarchicus to Georges Bank: evidence from molecular population genetic analysis of mtDNA

Abstract Molecular population genetic analysis has provided evidence that the copepod, Calanus finmarchicus , of the Labrador Current, Gulf of St Lawrence, Scotian Shelf, Gulf of Maine, and Georges Bank constitute a single, interbreeding population. The DNA sequence of a 350 base pair portion of the mitochondrial large subunit (16S) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was determined for a total of 72 individuals collected in 1992, and 110 individuals collected in 1993 from these regions. There was significant heterogeneity in haplotype frequencies among the samples collected in 1992, but this heterogeneity did not resolve into regional patterns. The only regional differences seen were between pooled samples of the western N. Atlantic and those of the Norwegian Sea. There were no significant differences in haplotype frequencies among the samples collected in 1993, and fewer haplotypes were observed in these samples. Intraspecific molecular variation was typical of other marine species: there were 29 haplotypes among the 182 individuals sequenced. The frequency distribution of the haplotypes was highly skewed: 128 individuals shared one haplotype and 19 individuals were unique. There were 24 variable sites among the 350 bases sequenced; estimated nucleotide diversity was 0.0042. The genetic character of C. finmarchicus populations in the western N. Atlantic was stable over time in that three of the haplotypes (including the most abundant) occurred in both 1992 and 1993. However, haplotype frequencies differed significantly between the two years. The lack of regional structure in the 1992 samples and the genetic homogeneity of samples collected in 1993 across the domain from the Labrador Current to the Gulf of St Lawrence to Georges Bank and the Gulf of Maine indicated that there is significant gene flow across this region. The persistent genetic pattern suggests that the Gulf of St Lawrence may be an important source region for recruitment of C. finmarchicus to Georges Bank. Determination of zooplankton dispersal patterns within high gene flow species will provide information that may not be determined by conventional oceanographic analyses.
Digital facial dysmorphology for genetic screening: Hierarchical constrained local model using ICA

Down syndrome, the most common single cause of human birth defects, produces alterations in physical growth and mental retardation. If missed before birth, the early detection of Down syndrome is crucial for the management of patients and disease. However, the diagnostic accuracy for pediatricians prior to cytogenetic results is moderate and the access to specialists is limited in many social and low-economic areas. In this study, we propose a simple, non-invasive and automated framework for Down syndrome detection based on disease-specific facial patterns. Geometric and local texture features are extracted based on automatically detected anatomical landmarks to describe facial morphology and structure. To accurately locate the anatomical facial landmarks, a hierarchical constrained local model using independent component analysis (ICA) is proposed. We also introduce a data-driven ordering method for selecting dominant independent components in ICA. The hierarchical structure of the model increases the accuracy of landmark detection by fitting separate models to different groups. Then the most representative features are selected and we also demonstrate that they match clinical observations. Finally, a variety of classifiers are evaluated to discriminate between Down syndrome and healthy populations. The best performance achieved 0.967 accuracy and 0.956 F1 score using combined features and linear discriminant analysis. The method was also validated on a dataset with mixed genetic syndromes and high performance (0.970 accuracy and 0.930 F1 score) was also obtained. The promising results indicate that our method could assist in Down syndrome screening effectively in a simple, non-invasive way, and extensible to detection of other genetic syndromes.
Nontoxigenieity to Broiler Chickens of Corn Invaded by a Pure Culture of Helminthosporium Maydis Race T

Abstract Corn invaded by a pure culture of Helminthosporium maydis race T was substituted for noninoculated corn in a diet for broiler chickens at the levels of 0, 20, 50, and 80% inoculated corn meal. Five groups of ten birds each were fed at each treatment from hatching until three weeks of age. None of the treatments had a significant (P
Materials for multilayer x-ray optics at wavelengths below 100 A

Multilayer x-ray optics are currently finding use in several types of applications. Although the performance of silicon-based and carbon-based multilayer mirrors is adequate for some of these applications, new material pairs that would improve performance at several crucial wavelengths are necessary to make many new technologies feasible. We describe a procedure for selecting these new materials that considers both the optical and structural requirements of thin films for high-reflectivity mirrors. We identify material pairs that merit future study for use in both amorphous and superlattice multilayer mirrors. Preliminary results on the growth of two of these new material pairs, Ag/B and Pd x B 1-x /B, are summarized. In work performed to date on Ag/B, the polycrystalline layers that formed were not structurally perfect enough to form good multilayer mirrors. However, further study of this material pair is warranted. The Pd x B 1-x /B multilayers were produced by alternately depositing palladium and boron. X-ray and electron diffraction indicate that these multilayers are amorphous and are of high structural quality. Auger electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments on single interface samples indicate that these materials react to form Pd x B 1-x /B with x ≈ 0.9.
The red queen in organizational evolution

We propose that competitive success and failure evolve through an ecology of organizational learning. An organization facing competition is likely to engage in a search for ways to improve performance. When successful, this search results in learning that is likely to increase the organization's competitive strength, which in turn triggers learning in its rivals—consequently making them stronger competitors and so again triggering learning in the first organization. We elaborate the conditions under which this self-reinforcing process, known in evolutionary theory as the ‘Red Queen,’ is likely to be adaptive or maladaptive. Adaptive consequences are predicted only for recently experienced learning. Experience in the more distant past of an organization's life, by contrast, is predicted to backfire into a ‘competency trap.’ We predict maladaptive consequences when organizations face many, varied cohorts of rivals. We empirically distinguish these effects using ecological models of competition. Estimates of organizational failure rales reveal a Red Queen among Illinois banks, and support our predictions.
Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy: Clinical features and factors related to misdiagnosis

Abstract We identified 37 patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) out of 740 consecutive epilepsy patients. Only three were initially diagnosed with JME. Factors leading to misdiagnosis included warnings (auras) suggesting partial seizures before tonic—clonic seizures (GTCS), confusion between absence and complex partial seizures, failure of patients to spontaneously report or for physicians to obtain a history of myoclonic jerks, and failure to report myoclonic jerks to medical personnel despite specific questioning. Psychiatric disorders were common: depression occurred in nine and panic disorder in seven patients. Following diagnosis, 86% of patients were seizure-free on antiepileptic drugs. To improve diagnostic sensitivity, patients with epilepsy should be routinely questioned about the occurrence of myoclonic seizures, and JME should not be excluded because patients report nonspecific warnings before GTCS.
Isolation of a glycoprotein from bovine aorta.

Abstract Water-soluble, electrophoretically homogenous materials were isolated from two layers of bovine aorta, an “intimal” and an outer layer. Purification was achieved by zone eleetrophoresis on starch with a borate-sulfate buffer. The fractions which were isolated from the two layers were identical according to analyses employed. The analyses indicated an electrophoretic mobility of −7.6 × 10−5 sq. cm/sec./v. at pH 8.6 in Veronal and a composition of 67% polypeptide, 7.1% sialic acid, and various carbohydrate fractions including glucosamine, galactosamine, glucose, galactose, and fucose. The material is another of the group of sialic acid-containing glycoproteins.
The Oculopharyngeal Syndrome

Members of a large French-Canadian family were found to have the cardinal features of the oculopharyngeal syndrome, including ptosis and dysphagia, which usually began late in life and progressed slowly. Weakness of facial, extraocular, and limb-girdle muscles occurred in a proportion of affected individuals. Mechanical and cineradiographic studies of swallowing showed that the function of the striated muscle portions of the hypopharynx and upper esophagus was impaired. Electromyography, serum muscle enzyme determinations, and muscle biopsy specimens offered suggestive, but not definitive, evidence that the disorder was primarily myopathic. Generic analysis revealed that the disorder was transmitted in straightforward dominant fashion. All of the numerous French-Canadian family groups with the oculopharyngeal syndrome are now known to be related to one another, and presumably share the same underlying biochemical defect, which has yet to be elucidated.
A parallel implementation of the boundary element method for heat conduction analysis in heterogeneous media

Abstract A direct boundary element formulation is implemented on a parallel computer using MPI (message passing interface). This implementation solves potential problems, specifically heat conduction problems in heterogeneous media. Single-zone problems, where at least one boundary condition is known at every node on the boundary, produce dense, asymmetric coefficient matrices which are relatively easy to distribute and solve in parallel. Multi-zone problems, where no boundary conditions are specified at nodes on the heterogeneity interfaces, produce coefficient matrices which contain some unpopulated blocks. The parallel data distribution of the coefficient matrix for the multi-zone case is performed so that the populated blocks are evenly distributed across the processors to balance the computational load. Several application problems are solved to find the effect of various input parameters on the effective thermal conductivity. The numerical results agree well with experimental data and analytical models over the volume fractions and thermal conductivity ratios considered.
Cell size distribution in the thymus as a function of age.

Although it is well known that thymus function changes with age, it is not known whether these changes are associated with specific thymocyte populations. Since one criterion of specificity is cell size, we studied the size distribution of thymocytes from mice 0.5 days to 30.5 months of age. Body weight, thymus weight, and thymocyte yield were also measured. The mean cell volume of thymocytes from 8.5 to 13 week old mice was 326 μ3, with two detectable subpopulations. Mean thymocyte size was found to change with age. During the first postnatal week, the mean cell volume of the whole thymocyte population increased from 200 to 350 μ3, and the percentage of large cells increased greatly and constituted 90% of the whole population at four days of age. A rather slow decline in mean cell volume with some fluctuation occurred throughout the remaining life span, and at 30.5 months the mean had dropped to about 190 μ3. We suggest on the basis of these data that large thymocytes are involved in the contribution of the thymus to early postnatal development of the immune system and that the age-related functional capacity of the thymus is related to the size of the thymocyte population.
Chloroplast transformation in Euglena gracilis: splicing of a group III twintron transcribed from a transgenic psbK operon.

The Escherichia coli aadA gene product, which confers resistance to spectinomycin and streptomycin, has been widely used as a dominant selectable marker for chloroplast transformation of Chlamydomonas and tobacco. An aadA transformation cassette was adapted for expression in Euglena gracilis chloroplasts by replacing the Chlamydomonas promoter and 3′ untranslated region (UTR) with the E. gracilis psb A promoter and 3′ UTR. Transgenic DNA was introduced into E. gracilis chloroplasts by biolistic transformation. Streptomycin- and spectinomycin-resistant colonies were obtained, which screened positively for the presence of the transforming vector by PCR amplification. Although integration of the transforming DNA into the chloroplast genome was not detected, transforming DNA was stably maintained in the chloroplast as an episomal element during continuous selection on antibiotics. The aadA cassette was also inserted into a transformation vector which contained the independently expressed psbK operon from either E. gracilis or a closely related species, E. stellata. The psbK operon contained at least two group III introns and a group III twintron, was highly expressed, and was only 1.5 kb in length. In transgenic E. gracilis chloroplasts, a truncated E. stellata psbK operon was transcribed, and the resultant pre-mRNA was accurately spliced. This system should allow the first direct analysis of group II and group III intron-splicing mechanisms. In addition, it could prove useful in the study of many other Euglena transcription and processing events.
Review Of Methods For Automatic Analysis Of Fringes In Hologram Interferometry

Recent developments in the field of quantitative interpretation of fringes in hologram interferometry are reviewed, with special emphasis on automated data reduction. More specifically, methods for determination of three-dimensional information on object's displacements and strains, directly from holograms, are presented.
Relaxin gene expression in human reproductive tissues by in situ hybridization.

The expression of the two human relaxin genes termed H1 and H2 in human reproductive tissues ranges from high to very low copy number depending upon the tissue and reproductive state. The aim of this study was to use two approaches to identify total relaxin transcripts (HI and H2) at the cellular level by using a human relaxin H2 riboprobe and a series of six 48-mer synthetic oligoprobes. The results obtained with both methods were similar in all tissues studied; however, a lower background was achieved with the riboprobe. This was especially noticeable after long exposure times, and a better resolution was generally achieved without clustering of the signals. Treatment of the tissues with proteinase-K failed to increase the sensitivity in any tissue with either probe. The relative levels of expression of the total relaxin gene transcripts was estimated from the different exposure times needed to obtain a good hybridization signal. Thus, the order of expression was: corpus luteum of pregnancy > corpus lut...
End Point Position Control of Multi-Link Flexible Manipulators Using SDRE method

This paper treats end point regulation of multi-link light-weight flexible manipulators using the State Dependent Riccati Equation: SDRE method. It is well known that end point trajectory control using widely used feedback linearization techniques is not possible when the equilibrium state of the zero dynamics of the system is unstable or weakly stable. Furthermore, control saturation is a major problem in controlling nonlinear systems. In this paper, an optimal control problem is formulated for the derivation of control law with and without control constraints on the joint torques for a multi-link flexible manipulator and suboptimal control laws are designed using the SDRE method. For the purpose of control, pseudo joint angles and elastic modes of each link are regulated to their equilibrium values which correspond to the target end point. Weighting matrices in the quadratic performance index provide flexibility in shaping the pseudo angles and elastic modes trajectories. In the closed-loop system, the equilibrium state is asymptotically stable, and vibration is suppressed. Simulation results are presented for a two-link flexible manipulator, which show that in the closed-loop system, end point trajectory tracking is accomplished even with constraints on the control torque. Results also show that the transient characteristics of the pseudo angles and elastic modes can be easily shaped by the choice of the performance criterion.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Demographics, personality, contact, and universal-diverse orientation: An exploratory examination

This study explores relationships between race, gender, agreeableness, openness to experience, contact, and a measure of attitudes toward diversity—universal-diverse orientation (UDO). UDO consists of three attitudinal components: realistic appreciation (a cognition), comfort with difference (a feeling), and diversity of contact (a behavior). Results suggest that race, agreeableness, and openness relate to UDO attitudes, primarily due to the relationships of these variables with the behavioral component—diversity of contact. Identifying characteristics of tolerant people (e.g., agreeableness) and training managers in skills related to those characteristics may improve contextual performance and make managers better role models within the organizational context. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Principles of selection and use of antimicrobial agents

The basic principles of rational antimicrobial therapy and details about the major classes of antibiotics as they apply to the treatment of pediatric infections are reviewed. A primary focus is on the chemistry, mechanism of action, antimcrobial spectrum, adverse effects of antimicrobial agents, and how these factors affect clinical use. The factors reviewed that affect antimicrobial selection include microbiological and anatomic, host, and pharmaceutical considerations. In addition, examples pertinent to the treatment of specific pediatric infections are given.
Supply-side barriers to maternity-care in India: a facility-based analysis.

Background Health facilities in many low- and middle-income countries face several types of barriers in delivering quality health services. Availability of resources at the facility may significantly affect the volume and quality of services provided. This study investigates the effect of supply-side determinants of maternity-care provision in India. Methods Health facility data from the District-Level Household Survey collected in 2007–2008 were analyzed to explore the effects of supply-side factors on the volume of delivery care provided at Indian health facilities. A negative binomial regression model was applied to the data due to the count and over-dispersion property of the outcome variable (number of deliveries performed at the facility). Results Availability of a labor room (Incidence Rate Ratio [IRR]: 1.81; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.68–1.95) and facility opening hours (IRR: 1.43; CI: 1.35–1.51) were the most significant predictors of the volume of delivery care at the health facilities. Medical and paramedical staff were found to be positively associated with institutional deliveries. The volume of deliveries was also higher if adequate beds, essential obstetric drugs, medical equipment, electricity, and communication infrastructures were available at the facility. Findings were robust to the inclusion of facility's catchment area population and district-level education, health insurance coverage, religion, wealth, and fertility. Separate analyses were performed for facilities with and without a labor room and results were qualitatively similar across these two types of facilities. Conclusions Our study highlights the importance of supply-side barriers to maternity-care India. To meet Millennium Development Goals 4 and 5, policymakers should make additional investments in improving the availability of medical drugs and equipment at primary health centers (PHCs) in India.
Convergent association: Additional evidence

Associative responses were obtained from 24 adjective-noun compounds; in each case one or more responses were elicited in common by each component of the compounds when each component was used alone in a word-association test. Predictions of the response frequencies of these common responses as responses to the compounds were made by two formulae previously used by Podell. For these adjective-noun compounds prediction of response was more accurate for the mean dominance scores than it was for combined probabilities, the reverse of Podell's finding for noun-noun compounds. For pairs with high mean dominance or with high variance, the predicted frequencies exceeded the obtained frequencies by large amounts and, overall, prediction for individual items was seldom precise, suggesting that compounding of verbal stimuli invokes processes more complex than are implied by the prediction formulas.
Gamma knife radiosurgery for intracranial hemangioblastomas--outcome at 3 years.

Object To define the role of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for the treatment of patients with hemangioblastomas. Methods Between 1992 and 2009, 26 hemangioblastomas in 14 patients (9 female and 5 male) were treated with GKRS. Mean age of patients at the time of treatment was 45.1 years (range 25–61). von Hippel–Lindau disease was established in 7 patients, and 7 patients had sporadic hemangioblastomas. Twenty-one tumors were solid, 4 were cystic, and 1 had both components. Four patients were treated with upfront radiosurgery, and 10 were treated following a resection. Mean tumor volume was 1.65 cm 3 (range 0.08–9.02, median 1.1 cm 3 ). Mean dose to the tumor margin was 18 Gy (range 10–25, median 18). Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically at 6- to 12-month intervals following GKRS. The median follow-up was 3 years (range 0.5–12 years). Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to assess factors predictive of tumor progression, and factors predictive in univariate analysis ( P Results On follow-up, 4 tumors were stable in volume (15%), 14 decreased (54%), and 8 increased (31%). Local tumor control rates at 1, 5, and 10 years was 89%, 74%, and 50%, respectively. There was a trend toward tumor progression in sporadic patients ( P = 0.10), women ( P = 0.09), and larger tumors ( P = 0.10). In patients with multiple hemangioblastomas as compared to those with only a solitary hemangioblastoma, the radiosurgically treated lesion was 7.9 times more likely to progress after GKRS treatment ( P = 0.018). This remained the only significant predictor in multivarialble analysis. At the last clinical follow-up, seven patients showed no change or improvement in their symptoms and seven deteriorated. Conclusion Stereotactic radiosurgery offers a reasonable rate of tumor control and preservation of neurologic function in patients with hemangioblastomas. Patients with multiple hemangioblastomas are less likely to exhibit long-term tumor control of treated lesions following radiosurgery.
Indirect Methods in Nuclear Astrophysics: ANCs

Our understanding of stellar evolution depends on knowing beta-decay rates and reaction cross sections for a wide range of nuclear capture reactions. Direct laboratory measurements of important stellar reaction rates are hindered by low cross sections and, in some cases, the need for radioactive targets. Indirect techniques have been developed to determine reaction rates for systems that are particularly difficult to measure in a direct experiment. One of the indirect techniques involves measurements of Asymptotic Normalization Coefficients (ANCs) which determine the direct-capture contribution to a capture reaction. Also ANCs can be used to understand the role of subthreshold states in stellar capture. This essay gives an introduction to ANCs and describes how they are used in nuclear astrophysics. Examples are given of measurements which have been carried out with both stable and radioactive beams.
Nanomechanics of Crack Front Mobility

Minimum energy paths for unit advancement of a crack front are determined by reaction pathway sampling, thus providing the reaction coordinates for the analysis of crack tip mechanics in ductile and brittle materials. We compare results on activation energy barrier and atomic displacement distributions for a atomically sharp crack in Cu, where one observes the emission of a partial dislocation loop, and in Si, where crack front extension evolves in a kink-like fashion.
Magnetoacoustic remote query temperature and humidity sensors

In response to an externally applied time-varying magnetic field, freestanding sensors made of magnetoelastic thick or thin films mechanically oscillate. These oscillations are strongest at the characteristic resonant frequency of the sensor. Depending upon the physical geometry and the surface roughness of the magnetoelastic sensor, these mechanical deformations launch an acoustic wave that can be detected remotely from the test area by a microphone. By monitoring changes in the characteristic resonant frequency of a magnetoacoustic sensor, multiple environmental parameters can be measured. In this work we report on the application of magnetoacoustic sensors for the remote query measurement of temperature, the monitoring of phase transitions and, in combination with a humidity-responsive mass-changing Al2O3 ceramic thin film, the in situ measurement of humidity levels.
Regional cerebral metabolism associated with anxiety symptoms in affective disorder patients.

Abstract Background: We studied the relationship between regional cerebral metabolism and the severity of anxiety in mood disorder patients, controlling for depression severity. Methods: Fifty-two medication-free patients with unipolar or bipolar illness underwent positron emission tomography with [ 18 F]-fluorodeoxyglucose. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Spielberger Anxiety-State Scale scores were obtained for the week of the scan. Analyses were performed on globally normalized images and were corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: After covarying for depression scores, age, and gender, Spielberger Anxiety-State Scale scores correlated directly with regional cerebral metabolism in the right parahippocampal and left anterior cingulate regions, and inversely with metabolism in the cerebellum, left fusiform, left superior temporal, left angular gyrus, and left insula. In contrast, covarying for anxiety scores, age, and gender, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores correlated directly with regional cerebral metabolism in the bilateral medial frontal, right anterior cingulate, and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortices. Conclusions: Comorbid anxiety symptoms are associated with specific cerebral metabolic correlates that partially overlap with those in the primary anxiety disorders and differ from those associated with depression severity.
GABAB modulation of GABAA and glycine receptor-mediated synaptic currents in hypoglossal motoneurons

We studied the effects of GABA(B) receptor activation on either glycine or GABA(A) receptor-mediated synaptic transmission to hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs, P8-13) using a rat brainstem slice preparation. Activation of GABA(B) receptors with baclofen, a GABA(B) receptor agonist, inhibited the amplitude of evoked glycine and GABA(A) receptor-mediated inhibitory postsynaptic currents. Additionally, with blockade of postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors baclofen decreased the frequency of both glycine and GABA(A) receptor-mediated spontaneous miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs), indicating a presynaptic site of action. Conversely, the GABA(B) receptor antagonist CGP 35348 increased the frequency of glycine receptor-mediated mIPSCs. Application of the GABA transport blocker SKF 89976A decreased the frequency of glycinergic mIPSCs. Lastly, we compared the effects of baclofen on the frequency of glycine and GABA(A) receptor-mediated mIPSC during HM development. At increased postnatal ages (P8-13 versus P1-3) mIPSC frequency was more strongly reduced by baclofen. These results show that presynaptic GABA(B) receptors inhibits glycinergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission to HMs, and the presynaptic sensitivity to baclofen is increased in P8-13 versus P1-3 HMs. Further, endogenous GABA is capable of modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission to HMs.
Slow Light Beam Splitter

We demonstrate a slow light beam splitter using rapid coherence transport in a wall-coated atomic vapor cell. We show that particles undergoing random and undirected classical motion can mediate coherent interactions between two or more optical modes. Coherence, written into atoms via electromagnetically induced transparency using an input optical signal at one transverse position, spreads out via ballistic atomic motion, is preserved by an antirelaxation wall coating, and is then retrieved in outgoing slow light signals in both the input channel and a spatially-separated second channel. The splitting ratio between the two output channels can be tuned by adjusting the laser power. The slow light beam splitter may improve quantum repeater performance and be useful as an all-optical dynamically reconfigurable router.
The UPS locus encoding uroporphyrinogen I synthase is located on human chromosome 11

Abstract The expression of the UPS locus encoding uroporphyrinogen I synthase has been investigated in human/mouse somatic cell hybrids. Human and mouse uroporphyrinogen I synthase can be readily distinguished by their isoelectric points. In hybrid cells, both human and mouse isozymes are detected. The multiple human uroporphyrinogen I synthase isozymes segregate as a single unit, as expected if they are the products of a single locus. The absence of new heteropolymers in hybrid cells supports the biochemical evidence that the active enzyme is a monomer. The presence of human uroporphyrinogen I synthase in hybrid clones was correlated with the presence of human chromosome 11, or its enzymatic marker, without exception in 44 independent hybrid lines. All other chromosomes could be eliminated as possible locations for this locus, due to their independent segregation. This report represents the first gene assignment for an enzyme in the heme biosynthesis pathway.
Impact of resuscitation system errors on survival from in-hospital cardiac arrest

Abstract Background An estimated 350,000–750,000 adult, in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) events occur annually in the United States. The impact of resuscitation system errors on survival during IHCA resuscitation has not been evaluated. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the impact of resuscitation system errors on survival to hospital discharge after IHCA. Methods and results We evaluated subjective and objective errors in 118,387 consecutive, adult, index IHCA cases entered into the Get with the Guidelines National Registry of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation database from January 1, 2000 through August 26, 2008. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between reported resuscitation system errors and other important clinical variables and the hazard ratio for death prior to hospital discharge. Of the 108,636 patients whose initial IHCA rhythm was recorded, resuscitation system errors were committed in 9,894/24,467 (40.4%) of those with an initial rhythm of ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VF/pVT) and in 22,599/84,169 (26.8%) of those with non-VF/pVT. The most frequent system errors related to delay in medication administration (>5 min time from event recognition to first dose of a vasoconstrictor), defibrillation, airway management, and chest compression performance errors. The presence of documented resuscitation system errors on an IHCA event was associated with decreased rates of return of spontaneous circulation, survival to 24 h, and survival to hospital discharge. The relative risk of death prior to hospital discharge based on hazard ratio analysis was 9.9% (95% CI 7.8, 12.0) more likely for patients whose initial documented rhythm was non-VF/pVT when resuscitation system errors were reported compared to when no errors were reported. It was 34.2% (95% CI 29.5, 39.1) more likely for those with VF/pVT. Conclusions The presence of resuscitation system errors that are evident from review of the resuscitation record is associated with decreased survival from IHCA in adults. Hospitals should target the training of first responders and code team personnel to emphasize the importance of early defibrillation, early use of vasoconstrictor medication, and compliance with ACLS protocols.
Accounting Information Systems Doctoral Dissertations: 1998

The Fall 1999 issue of the Journal of Information Systems continues the annual publication of accounting information systems (AIS) dissertation summaries to provide an index to the AIS dissertation literature. This issue primarily contains summaries of AIS dissertations completed in 1998 and early 1999. Also included are AIS dissertations completed between 1994 and 1997 that were not listed in prior issues of the journal. Completed dissertations are available from University Microfilms, Dissertation Copies, PO Box 1764, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48198; (800) 521-3042. In September 1998, letters were sent to directors of accounting doctoral programs in the United States, Canada, Australia, and other countries in Europe and Southeast Asia. The letters requested that the directors identify AIS-related dissertations completed in that year and give the current mailing addresses for those graduates. The graduates were contacted directly (through email where possible) and asked to provide a short abstract of their dissertations, which were edited to meet length constraints. Other AIS-related dissertations were provided from references obtained at American Accounting Association meetings and workshops. Individuals whose dissertations were completed after 1994 that have not been included in this listing, may submit the relevant information (author’s name, dissertation title, doctoral-granting institution, dissertation acceptance date, an abstract of less than 200 words, and current email address) for inclusion in next year’s listing. In particular, graduates of doctoral programs outside of the U.S. are strongly encouraged to submit, as well as individuals who have completed dissertations since July 1, 1998. All submissions should be sent to Ralph E. Viator, School of Accountancy, College of Business and Economics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506; Fax (606) 257-3654; Email: acc205@pop.uky.edu.