cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Guest Editor Introduction: Special Issue on Intimate Partner Stalking

This article introduces a special issue on intimate partner stalking (IPS) focused on the current state of research, practice, and policy on IPS. Articles were solicited for inclusion in this special issue throughout 2018 and underwent multiple rounds of peer review. Nine articles were selected for inclusion in this special issue focusing on innovative research methods and analyses related to IPS and identification of current gaps in research and practice. Practitioner perspectives are also offered across multiple articles. There continues to be a dearth of rigorous research on IPS and this special issue highlights emerging research and recommendations for continued research. Policy and practice implications are discussed throughout with a focus on supporting survivors and holding offenders accountable.
How to speed up Arabic literacy for lower-income students? : some insights from cognitive neuroscience

Students in low-income countries often have trouble learning to read; 80-90 percent of second and third graders in some countries cannot even read a single word and may know few if any letters (RTI 2009, 2010, 2011a, 2011b). The reasons are linked to limited instructional time, textbooks or parental help, potentially poor nutrition, or complex teaching methods that originated in high-income countries. Despite relative affluence, the academic performance in the Arab world has been a problem, with countries scoring on international tests much lower than expected based on per capita income level. Similarly Early Grade Reading Assessments (EGRA) in various countries has shown lower reading speeds than one would expect. In Pakistan and Afghanistan, which use the Arabic script, the issues are similar. The interaction of the perceptual and linguistic complexities turns Arabic reading into a complex multistage exercise. A reader of the Arabic script must: (a) decipher the text, (b) predict the vowels and keep multiple alternative words in working memory to test and decide on meaning, and (c) make linguistic sense in the case of Arabic. This process means that readers need to identify words faster than in other scripts in order to make sense of the text, but in fact they identify them more slowly. Not surprisingly, some studies suggest that the Arabic script may be read more slowly than visually simpler scripts or linear scripts. Education for All implies that nearly all students must somehow learn fluent reading very quickly when they start school in order to then progress to higher level topics. This must be achievable in all the languages and scripts used in low-income countries. By focusing on these lower-level variables this is doable.
Hemoptysis is frequently fatal if blood comes directly from the aorta commentary

Physicians throughout the world, across various specialties, are faced with diagnostic challenges of appropriately identifying the source of hemotosysis, which could range from a simple treatable infection, to the more ominous massive hemorrhage from the aorta requiring emergency, life saving surgery. Aortobronchopulmonary fistula, which is an abnormal communication between the thoracic aorta and the pulmonary tree, is an uncommon but often lethal condition if not promptly surgically intervened. Over the decades, the underlying cause has shifted, from primarily due to an aortic infection, such as tuberculosis, to now secondarily as a result of endovascular repair of the intrathoracic aorta. The best treatment modality, whether open surgical repair, endovascular management, or hybrid approach continues to be debated given the high operative morbidity and mortality of open repair and need to address the pulmonary communication, with optimal management still undetermined.
A Passive Harmonic Tag Using Nested Dual-Band Patch Antennas for Harmonic Doppler Sensing

A new harmonic tag based on a dual-band patch antenna designed for detecting harmonic Doppler signals is presented. The antenna structure is made from a patch antenna and parasitic antenna ring surrounded by a grounded ring. The tag is designed to receive a 2.5 GHz continuous-wave signal and using a nonlinear component retransmit the received signal at the second harmonic frequency (5 GHz), the Doppler shift of which can be detected for moving target measurements in cluttered environments. The patch design is used to achieve higher gain than common dipole-based harmonic tags can earn. We present simulation results of the antenna performance, and show measured reception of the scattered fundamental and generated harmonic signals. The proposed design would be suitable for applications ranging from home health care to internet of things (IoT) among other applications.
Group 3 innate lymphoid cells accumulate and exhibit disease-induced activation in the meninges in EAE.

Abstract Innate lymphoid cells are immune cells that reside in tissues that interface with the external environment and contribute to the first line defense against pathogens. However, they also have roles in promoting chronic inflammation. Here we demonstrate that group 3 ILCs, (ILC3s – CD45+Lin-IL-7Rα+RORγt+), are normal residents of the meninges and exhibit disease-induced accumulation and activation in EAE. In addition to production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17 and GM-CSF, ILC3s constitutively express CD30L and OX40L, molecules required for memory T cell survival. We show that disease-induced trafficking of transferred wild type T cells to the meninges is impaired in ILC3-deficient Rorc −/− mice. Furthermore, lymphoid tissue inducer cells, a c-kit+ ILC3 subset that promotes ectopic lymphoid follicle development, a hallmark of many autoimmune diseases, are reduced in the meninges of EAE-resistant c-kit mutant Kit W/Wv mice. We propose that ILC3s sustain neuroinflammation by supporting T cell survival and reactivation in the meninges.
Blood Groups in Animals Other Than Man1

Publisher Summary Few advances were made on blood groups in animals, while at the same time great advances were made in both the genetics and the serology of human blood groups. A primary reason for this lag was the tendency for scientists to look for systems corresponding to the naturally occurring antibodies and cellular antigens of humans. Another reason was the lack of secure linkage between the principles of genetics and immunology. In recent years, the alliance between genetics and immunology has been greatly strengthened, in both concept and technique, and one result has been substantial progress in the field of animal blood groups. This chapter presents the principal findings concerning animal blood groups and focuses primarily on those studies that have used the concepts and techniques of both genetics and immunology. A challenging problem for the future is to determine if the antigens of the blood cells and other body cells have a broader biologic significance than presently known. The future expects exciting results from the newer studies of serum proteins, transplantation antigens, and antigens of bacteria that will surely contribute, along with studies on blood groups, to the ultimate understanding of the relationship among genes, antigens, and antibodies.
Component-Based Software Engineering

Component-based software engineering (CBSE) is becoming an accepted engineering discipline for promoting software reuse throughout the software engineering lifecycle. Beyond software reuse, CBSE also offers a promising way to manage the complexity and evolution of the development process through a unique means of encapsulation and separation of concerns at different abstraction levels. This article begins with a description of the key characteristics of a software component and then provides a survey of the major component models based on those key characteristics. The latter part of this article discusses the existing engineering issues in CBSE and examines the major research projects that are addressing the challenges. Finally, this article explores recent software engineering technology toward automation in CBSE, which promises to offer yet another channel for boosting the productivity of software development. Keywords: component; component interface; static invocation; dynamic invocation; connection; assembly
Outcomes after everolimus-eluting coronary stent implantation in latin american women

and drug-eluting stents (DES) have become a mainstay of percutane-ous coronary interventions. Increased attention is now being paid to outcome differences between different geographic regions and genders. Prior studies have shown that Latin Americans have high rates of cardiovascular disease and may have worse outcomes compared to patients in other regions.
Subcutaneous versus intravenous insulin therapy for glucose control in non-diabetic trauma patients. A randomized controlled trial.

Summary What is known and Objective: Hyperglycaemia in trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Our pilot study is a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing the impact of two glucose control regimens on outcomes in non-diabetic trauma patients admitted with hyperglycaemia to the ICU. Methods: Trauma patients with blood glucose levels (BGLs) ≥7·8 mm within the first 48 h of the hospital admission were randomized to receive intermittent SQ or continuous IV insulin to maintain BGLs between 4·4 and 6·1 mm. We excluded diabetics on the basis of history, or a glycosylated haemoglobin ≥6% on admission. We compared the effect of SQ vs. IV insulin therapy on the ICU length of stay (ILOS). Results and Discussion: A total of 58 patients were included in the study. The SQ and IV groups were comparable in terms of age, gender, injury severity, revised trauma, Glasgow coma scores and type of trauma (blunt vs. penetrating). There was no significant difference between the two treatment groups in the ILOS (3 vs. 2 days, P = 0·084), hospital length of stay (8 vs. 6, P = 0·09), ventilator support days (6 vs. 3, P = 0·98), requirement for blood transfusion (P = 0·66), rates of infections (P = 0·70), acute kidney injury (P = 0·99) and mortality (P = 0·61). What is new and Conclusion: There was no difference between SQ and IV insulin therapy in the ILOS in non-diabetic trauma patients.
Coal Conversion Processes, Liquefaction

Coal liquefaction involves taking the solid coal to liquid hydrocarbon and oxygenate products. Both direct and indirect routes, the latter being known as the Fischer-Tropsch process, are known. Direct liquefaction utilizes hydrogenation (hydroliquefaction) or pyrolysis of the coal in a single processing sequence. Indirect liquefaction processes involve the production of synthesis gas, ie, coal gasification, as the first step, followed by catalytic conversion to liquid products. Liquefaction processes that have moved beyond the laboratory are discussed. Flow diagrams, reactor types and conditions, catalytic composition, conversion efficiency, and product make-up are given.
High frequency of the IVS2-2A>G DNA sequence variation in SLC26A5, encoding the cochlear motor protein prestin, precludes its involvement in hereditary hearing loss.

Background Cochlear outer hair cells change their length in response to variations in membrane potential. This capability, called electromotility, is believed to enable the sensitivity and frequency selectivity of the mammalian cochlea. Prestin is a transmembrane protein required for electromotility. Homozygous prestin knockout mice are profoundly hearing impaired. In humans, a single nucleotide change in SLC26A5, encoding prestin, has been reported in association with hearing loss. This DNA sequence variation, IVS2-2A>G, occurs in the exon 3 splice acceptor site and is expected to abolish splicing of exon 3.
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the flagellar filament of Caulobacter crescentus: A flagellin lacking the outer domain and its amino acid sequence lacking an internal segment

Abstract We obtained a three-dimensional reconstruction of the flagellar filament of Caulobacter crescentus CB15 from electron micrographs of negatively stained preparations. The C. crescentus filament appears, both in negative stain and in the frozen-hydrated state, significantly smoother and narrower than other filaments. Its helical symmetry, and unit cell size, however, are similar to that of other filaments. Although the molecular weight of the C. crescentus flagellin is about half that of other plain flagellins, there is only one monomer per unit cell as indicated by diffraction studies and by linear mass density measurements with the scanning transmission electron microscope. Alignment of the primary amino acid sequences of Salmonella typhimurium (serotype i) and C. crescentus (29,000 M r ) flagellins shows that whereas there is homology at the amino and carboxy-terminal ends of the two sequences, the central segment of the S. typhimurium sequence has no homology to that of C. crescentus. A correlated comparison between the three-dimensional reconstructions of the two filaments and primary amino acid sequences of the two flagellins suggests that: (1) the C. crescentus subunit is missing the outer molecular domain but is, otherwise, similar to that of S. typhimurium ; (2) the outer molecular domain in S. typhimurium corresponds, therefore, to a central stretch of the primary amino acid sequence; and (3) the outer molecular domain, missing in C. crescentus , is not obligatory for flagellar motility.
Modeling traffic signal control using Petri nets

This paper focuses on the use of Petri nets (PN) to model the control of signalized intersections. The application of PN to an eight-phase traffic signal controller is illustrated. Structural analysis of the control PN model is performed to demonstrate how the model enforces the traffic operation safety rules. This is followed by a discussion of why this modeling tool has future value as the use of more advanced control strategies continue to expand.
Nitrogen isotope indicators of seasonal source variability to groundwater

A nitrogen isotope study of soil water and groundwater in southern Indiana, USA, in 1991–1992 demonstrated considerable variations in nitrate degradation processes compared to an earlier investigation in 1986–1987. Although N-fertilizers were applied in May 1991, the δ15N values in soil water decreased in February 1992, indicating its delayed release into the system after substantial rainfall. The δ15N values of groundwater decreased from +12.3‰ in November 1991 to +11.3‰ in February 1992, and to +7.5‰ in March 1992. The increased residence time of nitrate in the soil resulted in increased denitrification, ammonia volatilization and plant uptake, and reduced threat to the groundwater quality. The 1986–1987 study in the area reported that excessive rainfall during the summer rapidly transported the nitrate to deeper horizons and drastically reduced volatilization and microbial reduction of nitrate, thus increasing the immediate threat to the groundwater quality in the area. The present study demonstrated that nitrogen isotopic signatures can be used to determine the effects of local soil type, rainfall, and land-use practices on the fate of nitrate in the subsurface.
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry for identification of shrimp

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) time of flight mass spectrometry was used to identify shrimp at the species level using commercial mass spectral fingerprint matching software (Bruker Biotyper). In the first step, a mass spectrum reference database was constructed from the analysis of six commercially important shrimp species: Litopenaeus setiferus, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, Sicyonia brevirostris, Pleoticus robustus, Pandalopsis dispar and Pandalus platyceros. This step required a desalting procedure for optimum performance. In the second step, the reference database was tested using 74 unknown shrimp samples from these six species. Correct identification was achieved for 72 of 74 samples (97%): 72 samples were identified at the species level and 2 samples were identified at the genus level using the manufacturer's log score specifications. The MALDI fingerprinting method for the identification of shrimp species was found to be reproducible and accurate with rapid analysis.
Subcellular distribution of carbonic anhydrase and Na+,K+-ATPase in the brain of the hyt/hyt hypothyroid mice

Activities of carbonic anhydrase and Na+,K+-ATPase in tissue homogenates and in subcellular fractions from different brain regions were studied in inherited primary hypothyroid (hyt/hyt) mice. The body weight, the weight of different brain regions, and the plasma thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels of hyt/hyt mice were significantly lower than those of the age-matched hyt/+ controls. In tissue homogenates of cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum of hypothyroid mice, the activity of carbonic anhydrase (units/mg protein) was 59.2, 57.6, and 43.2%, and the activity of Na+,K+-ATPase (nmol Pi/mg protein/min) was 73.7, 74.4 and 68.7%, respectively, of that in corresponding regions of euthyroid littermates. The decrease in enzyme activity in tissue homogenates was also reflected in different subcellular fractions. In cerebral cortex and brain stem, carbonic anhydrase activity in cytosol, myelin and mitochondrial fractions of hypothyroid mice was about 45–50% of that in euthyroid mice, while in cerebellum the carbonic anhydrase activity in these subcellular fractions of hyt/hyt mice was only 33–38% of that in hyt/+ controls. Na+,K+-ATPase activity in myelin fraction of different brain regions of hyt/hyt mice was about 34–42% of that in hyt/+ mice, while in mitochondria, synaptosome and microsome fractions were about 44–52, 46–53, and 66–68%, respectively of controls. These data indicate that the activity of both carbonic anhydrase and Na+,K+-ATPase was affected more in the myelin than other subcellular fractions and more in the cerebellum than cerebral cortex and brain stem by deficiency of thyroid hormones. A reduction in the activity of transport enzymes in brain tissues as a result of thyroid hormone deficiency during the critical period of development may underlie permanent nervous disorders in primary hypothyroidism.
New therapies for asthma: is there any progress?

Current therapy for asthma with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting inhaled β 2 -agonists is highly effective, safe and relatively inexpensive, but for many patients, their disease remains poorly controlled. Most advances in asthma therapy have occurred through improving these drug classes, and a major developmental hurdle is to improve existing drug classes. The major unmet needs include better treatment of severe asthma, and curative therapies for mild to moderate asthma. Many new treatments are specific, targeting a single mediator or receptor, and are unlikely to have a major clinical effect, although they might be effective in specific asthma phenotypes. Drugs with more widespread effects, such as kinase inhibitors, might be more effective but have a greater risk of side effects. New treatments targeting the underlying allergic/immune process would treat concomitant allergic diseases. Improved immunotherapy approaches have the prospect of disease modification, although prospects for a cure are currently remote. The most promising therapeutic developments for asthma are discussed in this review.
Effects of eating, meal cues and ventromedial hypothalamic lesions on serum corticosterone, glucose and free fatty acid concentrations.

Abstract Male hooded rats were fed once daily for 14 days with 1-hr access to food mash and water to establish the stimuli of the experimenter's entrance into the animal quarters (Experiment 1) or placement of the rat's cage into a chamber (Experiment 2) as cues for a meal. Rats without brain lesions failed to exhibit changes in serum concentrations of glucose or free fatty acids (FFA) to meal cues while exhibiting declines in serum corticosterone concentration. In response to meal consumption, these rats exhibited robust increases in glucose and decreases in FFA and corticosterone levels. VMH lesions (Experiment 2) accentuated glucose declines and diminished corticosterone declines in response to meal consumption or a meal cue. The results suggest a role of the VMH in pituitary-adrenal inhibition, but also indicate the importance of considering the roles of anticipatory metabolic activity and emotional reaction in the regulation of metabolic substrates and pituitary-adrenal activity.
Monoclonal antibodies as molecular probes to study structural heterogeneity between human and animal renins and other aspartyl proteinases

Monoclonal antibodies may be helpful in comparing the structural homology of renins of various animal species as well as other aspartyl proteinases. We obtained four hybridoma lines secreting monoclonal antibodies that inhibited 3 Goldblatt mU human renin enzymatic activity with apparent IC50 of 1.1 × 10−6–4 x 10−8 M. Each antibody was specific for human renin and did not cross-react either with other proteins tested nor with renins of other species in an immunoradiometric assay. These antibodies did not inhibit the enzymatic activities of nonprimate renins or nonrenin aspartyl proteinases tested. These data indicate that certain structural determinants of human renin activity may be uniquely different from those of nonprimate renins or nonrenin aspartyl proteinases.
Electronic characteristics of “real” CdS surfaces

Photovoltage spectroscopy (including photovoltage inversion and photovoltage quenching) was used to determine the electronic characteristics of real (basal and prismatic) surfaces of CdS. In room atmosphere, surface states with the following positions were found in the cadmium surfaces: Ec - Et equal to 0.05, 0.4, and 0.8 eV, and Ev - Et equal to 0.83 eV. The same surface states were present in the sulfur surfaces, with the exception of those at Ec - Et equal to 0.4 eV. In the prismatic and unetched basal surfaces, states at Ec - Et equal to 1.1 eV were found in addition to all of those found on the cadmium surfaces.
Characterizing the costs and benefits of hardware parallelism in accelerator cores

Power and utilization constraints are limiting the performance gains of traditional architectures. Designers are increasingly embracing specialization to improve performance in the era of dark-silicon. General purpose processors are beginning to resemble SOC's from the embedded domain, and now include many specialized accelerator cores to improve computation-throughput while reducing the energy-cost of computation. The design-space of accelerator cores is wide and varied. Designers are able to specify how much parallelism to expose in hardware by varying input width, pipeline depth, number of compute-lanes, etc. In this paper we study three accelerator cores: DES, FFT, and Jacobi Transform, exhibiting three different types of computation: streaming cryptographic, butterfly DSP, and stencil. We investigate methods to increase parallelism within the accelerator while remaining on the pareto-frontier, and examine the trade-offs faced by designers with respect to area, power, and throughput. We present models of these trade-offs and provide insight into the design of cores under real-world constraints.
The Structure of Communist Politics

THE past decade has witnessed a general advancement in comparative studies of communism. Yet, in comparing the conceptual development of the Soviet-East European and Chinese Communist fields, one is struck by the peculiarly arrested state of the Chinese side. By comparison, the "Kremlinologists" have produced a veritable storehouse of analytical tools with which they have contributed to the explanation of the nature and functioning of the Soviet political process and Soviet-East European interrelationship.' Relatively little conceptual development is discernible in the China field. In this brief essay on comparative developments in the study of communism, I will attempt to compare the concepts which Western scholars have evolved to analyze the politics of the Communist world, account for different approaches, and analyze Chinese political history to determine the most meaningful approach. I speak of the nature and functioning of the political process in a restricted sense-the ways in which leaders interact, how political positions are attained and maintained, and, in general, the structure of leadership politics in the Communist world.
Structural Properties of Nylon 66 Carpet Yarns Observed with Near Infrared Analysis

Heat significantly influences the supermolecular structure of nylon, which results in changes in the fibers' chemical and physical properties and the morphological re sponse of the yam systems during further processing. The near infrared analysis (NIR) technique has been used extensively to measure the heat-set temperature of nylon yams. Previous investigations have studied the effect of changes in heat history on the NIR spectrum of nylon carpet yams from a spectroscopic approach, in which the wavelength assignments and the rationale for specific wavelengths used on the heat set temperature NIR calibration equations were presented. In this paper, a crystallo graphic approach is used to examine the effect that changes in the heat history of Suessen heat-set nylon 66 carpet yams have on the NIR spectrum and the heat-set temperature NIR calibration equations, and various crystalline, thermal, and laser light scattering parameters of the Suessen heat-set nylon 66 yarns are measured. The NIR spectrum is responding to changes in the crystalline perfection of the nylon 66 polymer with changing temperature, specifically to changes in the C—H stretches in the Van der Waals plane. Agreement between the results of the various measurement techniques (crystalline, thermal, light-scattering, NIR) is excellent. A definite change in morphological response occurs at ∼190°C, which coincides with the Brill transition of nylon 66. The slight deviation from linearity in the NIR response below the heat set temperature of 190°C is due to the Brill transition.
Field study of a chlordane residue problem: Soil and plant relationships

We found the highest residue in the organic trash lying on top of the ground of the alfalfa fields and the next highest concentration in the top 1/4′' of soil. Concentrations dropped sharply at lower depths. Analysis of alfalfa crowns from fields previously sprayed with chlordane as a means of predicting residue levels in the next crop gave results comparable to those reported by King (3) and seem to hold for alfalfa harvested the first season following discontinuance of spraying.
Assessment of the Effectiveness of the New York State Drug Curriculum Guide with Respect to Drug Knowledge

The major purposes of this investigation was to assess the effectiveness of the revised edition of the New York State Curriculum Guide with respect to the cognitive domain dealing with the drug topic. Knowledge achievement comparisons in the areas of alcohol, tobacco, and drugs were made between high school students who received the Curriculum Guide program and comparable students receiving a traditional program. Results of the knowledge test scores between the two groups evidenced a significantly higher score for the experimental group for each of the three subscores and for the entire test. Comparisons between the two educational approaches by the sex of the respondent indicated that the program appears more effective for males than females.
The Poisoning of Thoriated Tungsten Cathodes

ABSTRACT An experimental study has been made of the poisoning of the thermionic omission from thoriated tungsten cathodes by oxidizing gases. It is shown that rapid poisoning takes place when a critical partial pressure is exceeded. For a fully carburized cathode this critical pressure measured, using an omega-tron mass spectrometer, is as follows: O2 10−5torr, CO2 2·0 × 10−5 torr, and water vapour 6 × 10−6 torr. In the experiments the total pressures measured by ion gauge were considerably higher due to the formation of CO at the cathode surface, Ther esistance to poisoning depends almost entirely on the presence of carbon on the surface, and any decarburization lowers the critical pressure. For a truly uncarburized cathode the critical pressures are loss than 10−9 torr, only the arrival of fresh thorium at the surface counteracting the adsorption of the poisoning gas. It appears probable that in the past so-called uncarburized cathodes must have had a small amount of curbon in the surface.
Camp Freedom: behavior modification for retarded children in a therapeutic camp setting.

This paper compares the progress of 25 retarded children who attended an experimental summer camp based on principles of behavior modification, with a matched group of 15 retarded children who did not attend camp. The campers showed significantly greater progress than did controls in predetermined target areas, suggesting that a camping experience may have beneficial effects, and that a program of behavior modification may provide even further benefits.
Relationship of trichothecene structure to COX-2 induction in the macrophage: selective action of type B (8-keto) trichothecenes.

The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin), when at partially cytotoxic concentrations, induces cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression by promoting transcriptional activity and mRNA stability via mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that trichothecenes differentially affect COX-2 gene expression and that these effects were related to MAPK activation. Representative members of the three major trichothecene families (A, B, and D) were compared for their capacity to induce COX-2 in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. When cells were treated with concentrations that inhibited the 3-(4,5-di-methylthizol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) viability response by 20% (IC20), Type B trichothecenes including DON, 15-acetyl-DON, 3-acetyl-DON, and fusarenon-X were found to be effective inducers of COX-2 mRNA expression, whereas equitoxic Type A and Type D trichothecenes had markedly less effects. To compare effec...
Introducing privacy in a data mining course (abstract only)

There has been a staggering increase in the volume of information exchanged over the Internet and the amount of personally identifiable information present online. Additionally, legislative mandates, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, aim at monitoring organizational behavior and communication, and require organizations to safe keep all written corporate communication, thus creating huge repositories of information, most of which must be access-restricted. IT carries the primary responsibility for ensuring that private digital information does not become public, through the implementation of access-security measures, together with constant monitoring to ensure that even authorized users behave responsibly and ethically. This situation requires CS educators to introduce students to data privacy and the ways to protect users' privacy.We designed a privacy module, consisting of three lessons incorporated into a data mining course. The module aims at introducing students to privacy issues and legislations and the methods and technologies currently in use to protect privacy. The intended audience for this module is senior CS majors, with a working knowledge of database systems and basic data mining techniques. The module first presents students with an overview of privacy concepts and laws and regulations to protect it. Students are then introduced to data privacy-enhancing data manipulation methods as well as secure privacy preserving computation. Upon completion of this module, it is anticipated that students will acquire a good understanding of the concept of privacy, privacy laws and regulations and will become knowledgeable of the computational techniques used for preserving privacy in data mining.
PION - NUCLEUS SCATTERING USING FINITE BINDING POTENTIALS

A nonperturbative treatment of finite binding potentials in pion-bound nucleon scattering is developed. Coupled differential equations in configuration space are derived from a model wave function broken into two parts. Coordinates from the source of binding to the pion and to the nucleon are used in the elastic channel, while pion-nucleon center-of-mass coordinates are used for the excited channels. The excited channel equations are solved in closed form using a separable nonlocal pion-nucleon interaction. When the solution is inserted into the elastic channel equation, a relativistically modified single-particle equation for the elastically scattered meson is derived, which features an optical potential with both local and nonlocal parts. This model is used in conjunction with first order multiple scattering theory to construct pion-nucleus scattering. In the present application of the model the assumed pion-nucleon interaction is taken to be s wave with threshold p-wave behavior. The region around the 33 resonance is numerically studied for both the three-body model and for pions on /sup 16/O. A consistent, inclusive treatment of many effects familiar from earlier work is obtained. Results from the three-body calculation show that the peak cross section is shifted upwards by about the binding energy of the struck nucleon.more » However, nonlinear effects drive the peak downwards when the three-body model is incorporated in the pion-nucleus formalism, so that several bound nucleons simultaneously scatter the meson. Effects of this kind are not expected to be sensitive to the use of an artificial l=0 ..pi..N interaction. Resonances caused by the binding potential are found to be important in both the three-body and the ..pi..-/sup 16/O calculations. This suggests significant corrections to an impulse approximation approach.« less
Two stages of dormancy in turions of Potamogeton crispus L.

Abstract Vegetative buds (turions) are the major source of propagation for the aquatic invasive angiosperm, Potamogeton crispus L. A better understanding of the factors that regulate turion dormancy and sprouting would lead to better methods of population control. Turions were collected and divided into two age groups: new, current season turions; and overwintered turions that were at least 1 year old. Sprouting was monitored in these two groups exposed to varying light durations and temperatures. Glucose and starch content and photosynthesis were also determined. Current season turions are dormant but metabolically active over a 6 weeks period. A small percentage of these new turions sprouted in response to short day-long night light durations at a temperature of 23 °C. Turions that did not sprout progressed to a deeper stage of dormancy similar to overwintered turions. Overwintered turions were not photosynthetically active and had stable carbohydrate levels. Under laboratory conditions, a large percentage of these turions sprouted in response to warming to 23 °C and further stimulated by exposure to any light duration. These different stages of dormancy based on age can explain much of the variability in turion sprouting reported by other researchers. A small percentage of both types of turions maintain a prolonged state of dormancy that is not broken by external stimuli.
barx1 is necessary for ectomesenchyme proliferation and osteochondroprogenitor condensation in the zebrafish pharyngeal arches

Barx1 modulates cellular adhesion molecule expression and participates in specification of tooth-types, but little is understood of its role in patterning the pharyngeal arches. We examined barx1 expression during zebrafish craniofacial development and performed a functional analysis using antisense morpholino oligonucleotides. Barx1 is expressed in the rhombencephalic neural crest, the pharyngeal arches, the pectoral fin buds and the gut in contrast to its paralogue barx2, which is most prominently expressed in the arch epithelium. Additionally, barx1 transient expression was observed in the posterior lateral line ganglia and developing trunk/tail. We show that Barx1 is necessary for proliferation of the arch osteochondrogenic progenitors, and that morphants exhibit diminished and dysmorphic arch cartilage elements due to reductions in chondrocyte differentiation and condensation. Attenuation of Barx1 results in lost arch expression of osteochondrogenic markers col2a1, runx2a and chondromodulin, as well as odontogenic marker dlx2b. Further, loss of barx1 positively influenced gdf5 and chordin, markers of jaw joint patterning. FGF signaling is required for maintaining barx1 expression, and that ectopic BMP4 induces expression of barx1 in the intermediate region of the second pharyngeal arch. Together, these results indicate an essential role for barx1 at early stages of chondrogenesis within the developing zebrafish viscerocranium.
User-friendly program for multitask analysis

Research on lifting activities has led to the design of several useful tools for evaluating tasks that involve lifting and material handling. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has developed a single task lifting equation. This formula has been frequently used as a guide in the field of ergonomics and material handling. While being much more complicated, the multi-task formula will provide a more realistic analysis for the evaluation of lifting and material handling jobs. A user friendly tool has been developed to assist professionals in the field of ergonomics in analyzing multitask types of material handling jobs. The program allows for up to 10 different tasks to be evaluated. The program requires a basic understanding of the NIOSH lifting guidelines and the six multipliers that are involved in the analysis of each single task. These multipliers are: Horizontal Distance Multiplier (HM), Vertical Distance Multiplier (VM), Vertical Displacement Multiplier (DM), Frequency of lifting Multiplier (FM), Coupling Multiplier (CM), and the Asymmetry Multiplier (AM). Once a given job is analyzed, a researched list of recommendations is provided to the user in an attempt to reduce the potential risk factors that are associated with each task.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Negative Number Vulnerability for Histogram-based Face Recognition Systems

A popular method of face identification is the use of local binary pattern (LBP) histograms. In this method, a face image is partitioned into regions, and a histogram of features is produced for each region; faces are compared by measuring the similarity of their histograms through statistics such as chi-square score or K-L divergence. Comparison of histograms, however, is particularly prone to exploitation via a negative-number bug if coded naively. This allows a surprisingly precise and powerful attack: if an adversary can alter a histogram to change a single zero to a negative number of appropriate magnitude, the change will induce a negligible difference in matching under ordinary use, but match an attacker to an intended victim if the attacker briefly displays a printed striped pattern to a camera. This tampering is minor and can be inflicted long before the attack, allowing the insertion of a back door in a face recognition system that will behave normally until the moment of exploitation. We exhibit an example of this bug in the wild, in the OpenCV computer vision library, and illustrate the effectiveness of this attack in impersonating multiple victims.
Extraordinary phonon Raman scattering and resonance enhancement in tellurium

Abstract We have observed resonance enhanced Raman scattering in Te for the A 1 - and both E TO - phonon modes in the region from 1·8 to 2·3 eV. The variation with excitation energy can be described quantitatively through the frequency dependence of the electronic interband susceptibility. The low frequency E LO -mode remains absent at all excitation frequencies used. A 2LO → E LO coupled modes (extraordinary phonons) were observed, and their eigenfrequency variation with wavevector direction agrees with theoretical predictions. This gives frequency values for the unobserved pure E LO -(105 cm −1 ) as well as for the Raman inactive A 2LO -mode (96 cm −1 ) at 80°K.
Continuum Plasticity at Finite Strain for Stress Paths of Arbitrary Composition and Direction

Two earlier papers on finite strain plasticity in this Archive (Bell {1979} {1981}) had as objectives, first, to draw from experiment to propose and to respond to a series of questions bearing not only on common assumptions in classical plasticity theory but also on general hypotheses feasible in a physically based theory of finite plastic strain. The second objective, engendered by a summary of three decades of experimental research on large deformation in this writer’s laboratory, was to proffer a theory of plasticity which would codify and correlate observations from more than 3 000 tests from 30 types of experiment on 50 different ordered solids.
Modality dependent changes in event-related potentials correlate with specific cognitive functions in nondemented patients with Parkinson's disease.

The relationship between event-related potentials (ERPs) and cognitive functioning was studied in patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) but without dementia. Auditory and visual stimuli were used; 30 subjects participated in the auditory study and 20 in the visual study. Patient groups did not differ with respect to gender, age, education, illness duration, and level of cognitive functioning. Visual stimuli were 2.3 cpd sinusoidal grating patterns randomly presented in an oddball paradigm (oblique vs. vertical spatial orientation). Auditory stimuli were tones presented at 70dB SPL at a rate of 1.1/second, also using the oddball paradigm (1.5K vs. 1K tones). All patients were given neuropsychological tests to measure verbal fluency, memory, visual spatial perception, and abstract reasoning. P300 and N200 abnormalities correlated with a number of these measures, such that longer ERP latencies were related to lower scores on tests of cognitive functioning. Patterns of results suggest that auditory and visual ERPs correlate with different subsets of neuropsychological functions in nondemented PD patients and that N200 may provide a new metric for clinical use.
Effect of the Parabens With and Without Nitrite on Clostridium botulinum and Toxin Production in Canned Pork Slurry

Antimiciobials were evaluated in thioglycollate broth at pH 6.5 for the ability to inhibit growth and toxin production by C. botulinum 12885A and ATCC 7949 (Type B). Methyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens (0.1%) and sorbic acid (0.2%) were effective in inhibiting growth of C. botulinum 12885A and ATCC 7949 in broth. Ethyl, propyl, and butyl parabens (0.1%) and sorbic acid (0.2%) inhibited toxin production by both strains in culture medium. Ethyl, propyl, butyl parabens (0.1%) and sorbic acid (0.2%) were individually added to a comminuted pork slurry having salt and sugar, with or without 40 ppm sodium nitrite. Cans were inoculated with a mixture of C. botulinum 12885A and ATCC 7949 spores. The canned product was abused by holding at 27°C and was observed over a 3-month period for swollen cans. Swollen cans were examined for botulinal toxin by the mouse bioassay. Propyl and butyl paraben did not inhibit or delay toxin production. Ethyl paraben with or without nitrite delayed toxin production for 4 wk. Sorbic acid inhibited toxin for 3 wk; when 40 ppm nitrite was added to the sorbic acid treatment, toxin production was delayed for 4 wk.
Management of Budd-Chiari syndrome.

Key Concepts: 1 Medical therapy alone is rarely sufficient for long-term management of patients with hepatic vein thrombosis. 2 Enthusiasm for intravascular stents (transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt [TIPS] or vena caval stents) for the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome must be tempered by the limited interval of expected utility, the likelihood of stent occlusion/revisions, and the potential complications that stent migration would impose upon a subsequent liver transplant. 3 Both decompressive shunts and liver transplantation provide excellent long-term survival for patients with the Budd-Chiari syndrome. The determination of which surgical procedure is most appropriate is aided by assessment of the etiology of hepatic vein thrombosis, hepatic reserve, liver histology, and splanchnic venous anatomy. 4 Progressive hepatic damage may develop in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome who have patent surgical shunts or TIPS. Lifelong follow-up and tracking of hepatic function are indicated. Some patients with shunts will require salvage with liver transplantation. 5 Long-term anticoagulation should be considered after transplantation, even in patients who do not have an identifiable coagulation disorder. Liver Transpl 12:S23–S28, 2006. © 2006 AASLD.
Negative anisotropic magnetoresistance in 3d metals and alloys containing iridium

A study of anisotropic magnetoresistance (MR) has shown that the addition of Ir to Ni, Co, Fe, Fe .2 Ni .8 and Co .3 Ni .7 crystalline films causes a negative MR. These negative values occur at room temperature as well as at low temperatures. The MR as defined by \Delta\rho=\rho_{\parallel}-\rho_{\perp} , where the ∥ and \perp refer to the direction of magnetization relative to the electrical measuring current, can have values \Delta\rho \approx -.75\mu\Omega cm in Co-Ir. At Ir content of 3% the ratio \Delta\rho/\rho_{ave} is -2.6%. Comparisons are made with other alloy systems, and the implication of negative values of \Delta\rho on theoretical models is considered.
Organization of Physical Interactomes as Uncovered by Network Schemas

Large-scale protein-protein interaction networks provide new opportunities for understanding cellular organization and functioning. We introduce network schemas to elucidate shared mechanisms within interactomes. Network schemas specify descriptions of proteins and the topology of interactions among them. We develop algorithms for systematically uncovering recurring, over-represented schemas in physical interaction networks. We apply our methods to the S. cerevisiae interactome, focusing on schemas consisting of proteins described via sequence motifs and molecular function annotations and interacting with one another in one of four basic network topologies. We identify hundreds of recurring and over-represented network schemas of various complexity, and demonstrate via graph-theoretic representations how more complex schemas are organized in terms of their lower-order constituents. The uncovered schemas span a wide range of cellular activities, with many signaling and transport related higher-order schemas. We establish the functional importance of the schemas by showing that they correspond to functionally cohesive sets of proteins, are enriched in the frequency with which they have instances in the H. sapiens interactome, and are useful for predicting protein function. Our findings suggest that network schemas are a powerful paradigm for organizing, interrogating, and annotating cellular networks.
Cell-free translation of silkmoth chorion mRNAs: identification of protein precursors and characterization of cloned DNAs by hybrid-selected translation

Abstract The secretory silkmoth chorion proteins are synthesized as precursors bearing signal peptides. Precursors are detected upon cell-free translation of chorion mRNAs in the wheat germ system; they are processed into products identical in size to authentic chorion proteins when translation is performed in the presence of microsomal membranes from dog pancreas. Precursors corresponding to specific protein size classes and subclasses are identified by three approaches: comparison of precursors and products encoded by stage-specific mRNAs, comparison of precursors and products encoded by mRNAs specifically hybridizing to individual chorion cDNA clones, and comparison of relative amino acid compositions of precursors and authentic chorion proteins. Translation of stage-specific mRNA preparations indicates that, in general, the developmental changes of in vivo chorion protein synthesis are based on changes in concentrations of the corresponding mRNAs. Characterization of the precursors makes it possible to identify, for any chorion DNA clone, the protein subclass, a member of which is encoded by the clone sequence.