cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A role for matrix metalloproteinases in regulating mammary stem cell function via the Wnt signaling pathway.

The microenvironment provides cues that control the behavior of epithelial stem and progenitor cells. Here, we identify matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP3) as a regulator of Wnt signaling and mammary stem cell (MaSC) activity. We show that MMP3 overexpression promotes hyperplastic epithelial growth, surprisingly, in a nonproteolytic manner via its hemopexin (HPX) domain. We demonstrate that MMP3-HPX specifically binds and inactivates Wnt5b, a noncanonical Wnt ligand that inhibits canonical Wnt signaling and mammary epithelial outgrowth in vivo. Indeed, transplants overexpressing MMP3 display increased canonical Wnt signaling, demonstrating that MMP3 is an extracellular regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway. MMP3-deficient mice exhibit decreased MaSC populations and diminished mammary-reconstituting activity, whereas MMP3 overexpression elevates MaSC function, indicating that MMP3 is necessary for the maintenance of MaSCs. Our study reveals a mechanism by a microenvironmental protease that regulates Wnt signaling and impacts adult epithelial stem cell function.
Trans-splicing of a Meloidogyne incognita mRNA encoding a putative esophageal gland protein

A monoclonal antibody, 7A9, specific for antigens in the subventral esophageal glands of adult female Meloidogyne incognita and for antigens in the longitudinal muscles of second-stage juveniles, was used to isolate a clone from a M. incognita cDNA expression library. The corresponding genomic DNA was isolated by hybridization and the gene designated sec-1. DNA sequence analysis of sec-1 revealed the presence of 9 introns having structural similarities to introns from the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The sec-1 message was also trans-spliced and the leader sequence differed in one position from the sequence of the C. elegans trans-spliced leader SL1. Sequences analogous to sec-1 were specific to the genus Meloidogyne, and regulation of sec-1 expression did not involve differences in overall rates of transcript accumulation. The deduced amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by sec-1 had some similarities to the rod portions of several myosin heavy chains.
Examination of the Size-Resolved and Transient Nature of Motor Vehicle Particle Emissions

This paper reports mass measurements, size distributions, and the transient response of tailpipe particulate emissions from 21 recent model gasoline vehicles. Transient measurement are made for the FTP drive cycle (and limited ECE test) using a scanning mobility particle sizer and an electrical low-pressure impactor. The particles emitted in vehicle exhaust have diameters in the 10-300 nm diameter range, with a mean diameter of about 60 nm. Particle emissions during the drive cycles occur as narrow peaks that correlate with vehicle acceleration. Cold start emissions generally outweight those from a hot start by more than a factor of 3. Particulate mass deduced from the transient distributions agrees semiquantitatively with gravimetric measurements. Tailpipe particulate emissions from the recent model gasoline vehicles tested are very low, with mass emission rated ranging downward from 7 mg/mi for a light-duty truck druing the cold start phase of the FTP drive cycle to less than or equal to 0.1 mg/mi during phase 2 for nearly half of the test vehicles. Three high-mileage (greater than 100 K mi) test vehicles exhibited similarly low particulate emission rates. The FTP-weighted 3-bag average is under 2 mg/mi for all the conventional gasoline vehicles tested. (A)
Fluorescence and conformational changes caused by proton binding to troponin C.

Abstract The binding of H+ to troponin C induces a large conformational change and an enhancement of the tyrosyl fluorescence. Carboxyl groups with abnormal pK' values of 6.0 appear to be controlling these changes.
Electrochemical surface science twenty years later: Expeditions into the electrocatalysis of reactions at the core of artificial photosynthesis

Surface science research fixated on phenomena and processes that transpire at the electrode-electrolyte interface has been pursued in the past. A considerable proportion of the earlier work was on materials and reactions pertinent to the operation of small-molecule fuel cells. The experimental approach integrated a handful of surface-sensitive physical–analytical methods with traditional electrochemical techniques, all harbored in a single environment-controlled electrochemistry-surface science apparatus (EC-SSA); the catalyst samples were typically precious noble metals constituted of well-defined single-crystal surfaces. More recently, attention has been diverted from fuel-to-energy generation to its converse, (solar) energy-to-fuel transformation; e.g., instead of water synthesis (from hydrogen and oxygen) in fuel cells, water decomposition (to hydrogen and oxygen) in artificial photosynthesis. The rigorous surface-science protocols remain unchanged but the experimental capabilities have been expanded by the addition of several characterization techniques, either as EC-SSA components or as stand-alone instruments. The present manuscript describes results selected from on-going studies of earth-abundant electrocatalysts for the reactions that underpin artificial photosynthesis: nickel-molybdenum alloys for the hydrogen evolution reaction, calcium birnessite as a heterogeneous analogue for the oxygen-evolving complex in natural photosynthesis, and single-crystalline copper in relation to the carbon dioxide reduction reaction.
Development narratives, or making the best of blueprint development

Abstract The scenarios and arguments that drive and sanction much of Third World rural development are often dismissed as myths, ideologies, conventional wisdoms or fads. Yet these development narratives persist through time and frequently in spite of evidence learned in the field. Instead of calling for more site-specific learning to overthrow narratives that seem to be blueprints for development interventions across countries, the wiser course is first to examine ways in which these narratives can be improved or superseded. Four case studies show how policy makers and practitioners can think more enterprisingly about development narratives specifically and blueprint development generally.
BIOGEOGRAPHY AT A REGIONAL SCALE: DETERMINANTS OF ANT SPECIES DENSITY IN NEW ENGLAND BOGS AND FORESTS

We examined species density gradients of ants of New England in 22 om- brotrophic bogs and their surrounding forests. We tested the hypothesis that species density was correlated with large-scale geographic variables (latitude, longitude, elevation) and small-scale site variables (habitat area, vegetation composition, light availability). Species density was consistently higher in forests than in bogs. Ant species density measured in three other New World studies yielded similar results, with steeper diversity slopes in closed canopy vs. open habitats. In New England bogs and forests, latitude was the single most important predictor of species density, even though the latitudinal span of the entire study region was less than three degrees. Diversity patterns documented in our study of mid- latitude ant communities are similar to those seen in studies spanning tropical and temperate habitats. Species density of forest ants was associated strongly with latitude, elevation, light availability, and vegetation composition. Species density of bog ants was less pre- dictable and was correlated only with latitude and vegetation. Overall, our results suggest that species-energy relationships are important at regional spatial scales. Explanations for the latitudinal gradient in ant species density may not depend on unique differences between tropical and temperate communities, but could operate at all latitudes.
Smoothing the transition to college? The effect of Tech-Prep programs on educational attainment

Abstract By promoting articulation agreements between high schools and community colleges, Tech-Prep programs aim to smooth the transition to college for the middle majority of US high school students. This paper employs a family fixed effects approach to assess the effectiveness of Tech-Prep programs in increasing educational attainment. Using data from six rounds of the 1997 NLSY and controlling for both selection and within-family spillovers, I find that Tech-Prep programs help participants complete high school and encourage enrollment in two-year colleges. On the other hand, these gains come at the expense of four-year college enrollment, suggesting that Tech-Prep programs may divert students from four-year to two-year colleges in the years immediately following high school. While Tech-Prep programs appear to increase overall educational attainment, they may be falling short of their goal of promoting college enrollment among the middle majority.
Making and remaking Tibetan diasporic identities

The fifty-year long Chinese occupation of Tibet has resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands and has produced a refugee flow that continues today. Although the plight of Tibetans commands international attention, this diaspora remains understudied and undertheorized. To speak to this silence, we follow Patterson and Kelley (2000) and argue that the Tibetan diaspora can be analysed as both a condition and a process. Diaspora as condition emphasizes the structural features of an exile population, such as race, gender, class and religion. Diaspora as process draws attention to lived refugee experiences--the making and remaking of diasporic identities. In the Tibetan diaspora, His Holiness the Dalai Lama holds a central position. Through his global profile, and a transnational nationalist political structure, he creates images of Tibet, builds community and works toward Tibetan self-determination. Within this nationalist frame, Tibetan identities assume a singular, unified and homogeneous form. Further...
Effective detection of active HCV infection: HCV RNA carrier state in a context free of hepatitis symptoms.

HCV immunological assays have limited specificity due to considerable variability of genomic coding sequences. Accordingly, PCR RNA detection also shows variable incidence of HCV in a non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis context. We used in-house designed nested PCR applying primers from the 5′ untranslated region in 150 thalassemic patients classified in four groups according to anti-HCV screening and glutamic-pyruvate transaminase (GPT) levels. Group A: anti-HCV+/high GPT levels; group B: anti-HCV+/normal GPT levels; group C: anti-HCV−/high GPT levels; group D: anti-HCV−/normal GPT levels. Viral incidence and concentration, both high in group A, decreased towards group D. Group C RNA incidence was unexpectedly high and, moreover, one control case proved HCV-RNA+. Compared with the Amplicor kit our primers were considerably more sensitive.
The New Amazon Geographies: Insurgent Citizenship, "Amazon Nation" and the Politics of Environmentalisms

This article reviews the main themes—we are here; this is who we are; insurgent citizenship; Amazon Nation—elaborated in this collection of papers on new Amazonian geographies, and extends their implications to ideas about governmentality and regional identity. The article contextualizes the papers in this issue through understanding Amazonia's role in the structuring of the contemporary Brazilian state through resistance to conventional modernist authoritarian development planning, and the creation of current places and politics through the assertion of new forms of citizenship, identity, governance and the rise of socio-environmentalisms as part of a new “statecraft” from below. Modern Amazonia has reasserted itself by developing a set of alternative epistemes and practices which can be seen, in their language and ideologies, to invoke the idea of the “Amazon nation.” This article emphasizes the cultural underpinnings of these processes in a contested Amazon that is now a major supplier of global agricu...
Conservation and modification of the pyrimidine-rich reovirus oligonucleotides after infection.

Abstract Examination of the fate of the (Gp)ppG-terminated, pyrimidine-rich single-stranded oligomers encapsidated in reovirions indicated that some or most of these molecules were conserved for at least 5 hr after infection even though they were released from virions during uncoating. Moreover, the 5′ termini of the oligonucleotides were modified both by capping of ppG-terminated molecules and by methylation of GpppG ends. The conservation and methylation of this class of virion RNA may indicate that oligonucleotides play a role in the replicative cycle.
Cone index and root growth in surface and subsurface microirrigated hardpan soil

Abstract Restricted root growth caused by subsurface hardpans and low water holding capacity reduces crop yields in many United States southeastern Coastal Plain soils. With intensive irrigation it is possible to obtain suitable yields without deep tillage. The objective of this study was to find differences of root growth and cone indices between surface and subsurface applied sources of irrigation water. We measured root growth and cone index in intensively managed irrigation plots of green beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in 1988 and 1989. Microirrigation tubes were placed on the surface or in the subsurface — buried at a depth of approximately 0.25 m — and irrigated either continuously or with intermittent pulses of water. Mean profile cone indices for the surface tube placement were significantly lower than for the subsurface tube placement. Mean profile cone indices for the continuous irrigation treatment were significant lower than for the intermittent irrigation treatment. However, no one treatment significantly reduced the cone indices within the hardpan. Total root count was significantly greater for the subsurface tube placement with increased root growth below the 0.1-m depth. There was a high density of roots next to the subsurface tube that would have been effective in uptake of water from the microirrigation tube. However, yield was significantly greater for the surface tube placement. For all treatments, the largest concentration of root growth occurred in the top 0.2 m of the soil within the row. We expected this for the surface irrigation treatment. However, we also measured this for the subsurface treatment, probably because of high rainfall and upwelling of water from the subsurface micro-irrigation tube.
A minimax problem for semilinear nonlocal competitive systems

A two-sided game for the control of a stationary semilinear competitive system with autonomous sources is considered, where the controls are the kernels of the nonlocal interaction terms. The saddle point (the optimal solution of the game) is characterized as the unique solution of the associated optimality system, which is solved by an iterative scheme.
Further studies on estrogen-induced maternal behavior in hysterectomized-ovariectomized virgin rats

Abstract A dose-reponse relationship between estradiol benzoate (EB) and the latency to the onset of maternal behavior was determined in hysterectomized-ovariectomized (HO) virgin rats. Females were treated with either oil or EB in doses (μg/kg) of 25, 50, 50 in two daily injections, 100, or 200 at the time of surgery and presented with test pups 48 hr later. Only the EB-100 and 200 groups displayed short-latency maternal behavior. These two doses were used in the second study that examined the interval between EB administration and the onset of testing in HO rats. When pups were initially introduced at 72 hr, only the EB-200 group had short latencies while at 96 hr, neither EB dose was effective. In the third experiment, EB-100 and 200 HO groups were treated concurrently with either 2 mg of an anti-estrogen, CI-628, or the ethanol vehicle and tested 48 hr later. The two EB only groups had shorter latencies to the onset of maternal behavior than the EB plus CI-628 groups and the oil plus CI-628 or vehicle controls.
Experimental characterization of external electrooptic probes

The accuracy and invasiveness of various external LiTaO/sub 3/ electrooptic probe (EEP) geometries are investigated experimentally. The EEPs studied are used for microwave coplanar transmission-line measurements. It is shown that commonly employed EEP geometries can cause substantial inaccuracies in their measurements and that these inaccuracies can be related to specific geometric parameters. The major cause of distortions in pulse measurements was found to be attributable to electromagnetic radiation coupling into the LiTaO/sub 3/ crystal and resonating between the top and bottom crystal interfaces. The authors suggest eliminating the deleterious bulk resonance effects due to the EEP material bulk by using a thin LiTaO/sub 3/ crystal that will act as a single lumped element. The thickness that is expected to be optimal should be about the extent of the guided mode confinement near the conductors. A thicker than optimum cryst al will exhibit resonance, and a thinner one will have reduced sensitivity due to a reduced signal integration path. Thinned crystals possess the additional advantages of reduced thermal drift and reduced stray signal pickup from adjacent lines. >
Sensory Characteristics of Postmortem Papain Injected Turkey Cooked Conventionally or by Microwaves

Sensory characteristics of papain-injected turkey breast muscle cooked in microwave or conventional ovens were evaluated by a panel. Off-flavor and mealiness developed in intact turkey muscles injected with papain, but those levels of papain were not sufficient to tenderize the muscle. Samples cooked in conventional ovens had greater roast turkey flavor and were less juicy than samples cooked in microwave ovens.
Broadband multilayer antireflection coating for semiconductor laser facets

Using a triple-layer antireflection coating of Al(2)O(3), Si, and SiO(2), we have achieved a minimum facet reflectivity of 1 x 10(-6) and a bandwidth of 90 nm for a reflectivity of 5 x 10(-5) or less for 1550-nm center-wavelength InGaAsP semiconductor lasers. A facet reflectivity of 3 x 10(-6) and a bandwidth of 30 nm for a reflectivity of 5 x 10(-5) were achieved for 1310-nm InGaAsP lasers. This coating is applicable to broadband external-cavity-tuned laser sources, edge-emitting light-emitting diodes, and semiconductor laser amplifiers.
Quality of life assessment in women with breast cancer: benefits, acceptability and utilization

In 2006, breast cancer was the third leading cause of death in American women; however, more women survive breast cancer than any other type of cancer. As the disease progresses, it is important to know how one's health-related quality of life (QOL) is affected for those who receive treatment, those who survive, and those who remain disease-free. The purpose of this study was to summarize the benefits, challenges, and barriers of QOL measurement for female breast cancer patients. A PubMed literature search was conducted using the terms "quality of life" and "breast cancer." The search was then refined with terms related to QOL assessment instruments. The research team reviewed over 100 of the 2,090 articles identified. From the results, a detailed outline of QOL instruments is presented, and the effectiveness of QOL instruments is discussed. In the current literature review, both generic and breast cancer specific QOL instruments, examining computerized and paper-and-pencil versions, are explained as well as the advantages, acceptability, and problems of these assessments. Potential barriers to implementation are also discussed. The implementation of QOL assessment tools in breast cancer clinical practice is discussed, with evidence detailing how such tools would benefit patients.
Optimal design of linear phase FIR digital filters with very flat passbands and equiripple stopbands

A new technique is presented for the design of digital FIR filters, with a prescribed degree of flatness in the passband, and a prescribed (equiripple) attenuation in the stopband. The design is based entirely on an appropriate use of the well-known Remez-exchange algorithm for the design of weighted Chebyshev FIR filters. The extreme versatility of this algorithm is combined with certain "maximally flat" FIR filter building blocks, in order to generate a wide family of filters. The design technique directly leads to structures that have low passband sensitivity properties.
Newman on Liberal Education and Moral Pluralism

The moral pluralism that characterises contemporary living can largely be attributed to the education that differentiates modern life from previous generations. During the industrial revolution in Britain in the nineteenth century John Henry Newman (1801–1890) was very sensitive to the importance of a more educated society, especially with regard to the development of religious faith and morals in an increasingly secular and sceptical age. Although his dedication to the advancement of knowledge remained throughout his life, his career commitment to formal learning began as an Anglican when he became a tutor at Oriel College, Oxford in 1826. In a sense his academic calling reached its zenith in 1852 as rector of the Catholic university at Dublin when he had the opportunity to express his view of liberal education by writing his university discourses.
The Celestial Umbilical Cord: Wild Palm Trees, Adult Male Bodies, and Sacred Wind Instruments among the Wakuénai of Venezuela

This article focuses on the multiple uses and meanings of wild palm species as sources of musical wind instruments and edible fruits in sacred ceremonies and rituals of the Wakuenai (or Curripaco) living in the Venezuelan Amazon. In myth, the emergence of a macanilla (pupa) tree from the ashes of the primordial human being (Kuwai) became the source of sacred flutes and trumpets, and the sounds made by these wind instruments opened up the world for a second time. In ritual and ceremonial performances, the different instruments have animal namesakes and are also said to be different parts of the body of Kuwai. This article explores these intimate relations among wild palm species, adult male bodies, sacred wind instruments, and the primordial human being of myth. The article also draws on verbal and nonverbal imagery performed in sacred singing and chanting (malikai) in which wild palm species are associated with the celestial umbilical cord that nourishes humanity with the life-giving and world-creating powers of Kuwai and other powerful mythic beings.
Pomegranate and Its Components as Alternative Treatment for Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men in the United States. There is a major need for less toxic but yet effective therapies to treat prostate cancer. Pomegranate fruit from the tree Punica granatum has been used for centuries for medicinal purposes and is described as "nature's power fruit". Recent research has shown that pomegranate juice (PJ) and/or pomegranate extracts (PE) significantly inhibit the growth of prostate cancer cells in culture. In preclinical murine models, PJ and/or PE inhibit growth and angiogenesis of prostate tumors. More recently, we have shown that three components of PJ, luteolin, ellagic acid and punicic acid together, have similar inhibitory effects on prostate cancer growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. Results from clinical trials are also promising. PJ and/or PE significantly prolonged the prostate specific antigen (PSA) doubling time in patients with prostate cancer. In this review we discuss data on the effects of PJ and PE on prostate cancer. We also discuss the effects of specific components of the pomegranate fruit and how they have been used to study the mechanisms involved in prostate cancer progression and their potential to be used in deterring prostate cancer metastasis.
Linear accelerator radiosurgery for vestibular schwannomas

Linear accelerator (LINAC) radiosurgery was developed in the 1980s. The treatment paradigm uses the rotating highenergy X-ray output of the LINAC to focus many hundreds of ‘beam equivalents’ on int
Position control in the presence of unknown output backlash

Backlash is a troublesome nonlinearity present in many practical systems. In position and speed control systems, it can lead to steady state errors and limit cycles. In this paper, the problem of accurately controlling the position of a mechanical load (e.g., an antenna) with an electric motor in the presence of gear backlash is considered. A control scheme is proposed which ensures good transient, as well as steady state, performance of the system. Using motor position and speed feedback, the linear part of the system is controlled to yield a specified transient and steady state performance. Using an additional feedback signal from the motor and load positions, a slower loop ensures steady-state accuracy in the presence of backlash at the output. Simulations are presented to show the efficacy of the control scheme. The proposed control scheme does not require knowledge of the dead-band width of the backlash characteristic.
Vascular endothelial growth factor triggers signaling cascades mediating multiple myeloma cell growth and migration

Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable, with a median survival of 3 to 4 years. This study shows direct effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) upon MM and plasma cell leukemia (PCL) cells. The results indicate that VEGF triggers tumor cell proliferation via a protein kinase C (PKC)-independent Raf-1-MEK-extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase pathway, and migration via a PKC-dependent pathway. These observations provide the framework for novel therapeutic strategies targeting VEGF signaling cascades in MM.
Lithographic performance at subquarter micrometer using DUV stepper with off-axis illumination technology

The process windows of L/S (equal line and space) features in critical dimension range of 0.25 to 0.20 micrometers with various illumination apertures are theoretically and experimentally studied in this paper. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the process capability of current state-of-the-art deep ultra-violet KrF stepper for 0.18 micrometers patterning by using off-axis illumination (OAI) technology. It is experimentally found that, by using OAI techniques, 0.2 micrometers L/S patterning can be achieved with enough depth-of-focus (DOF) if dummy lines are put on the edges of main patterns. Without OAI techniques (all lines should clearly be resolved), it is very difficult to achieve production worthy processes for 0.20 micrometers patterning because the image DOF had been dropped to around 1.0 micrometers . Comparing the performance among these apertures, the annular 2/3 aperture with NA equals 0.50 and (sigma) equals 0.8 is slightly better than annular 1/2 aperture with NA equals 0.55 and (sigma) equals 0.8 for 0.24 micrometers L/S feature patterning, while improvement becomes large for that of 0.20 micrometers L/S feature patterning. In the case of energy latitude, the energy latitude is about plus or minus 2 mj/cm2 for every aperture and feature, and the discrepancy among these apertures is very small. In simulation work, process parameters such as resist, development and optical systems were calibrated based on the results of conventional aperture obtained by experimental works. Prediction of experimental works can be achieved to a comfortable level, except for the case of annular 2/3 with NA equals 0.50 and (sigma) equals 0.8.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Endogenous Levels of Phenolics in Tomato Fruit during Growth and Maturation

Changes in the metabolism of several types of phenolics in the pulp and pericarp of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) fruit var. Ailsa Craig and Pik-Red were related to the stage of development. The highest levels of chlorogenic acid were found in the pulp and pericarp at the earliest stage of fruit development, and quantities declined rapidly during fruit ripening. Levels of rutin, found only in the pericarp, followed a similar pattern of change. The p-coumaric acid conjugate of rutin was found in low levels through fruit growth and ripening. High levels of p-coumaric acid glucoside were detected in the pulp only as the fruit matured with no rapid decline in levels during ripening. The decline of chlorogenic acid and rutin levels during fruit ripening paralleled the decline in indole-3-acetic acid levels measured previously in the pericarp tissues of these two varieties of tomato fruit during maturation. These phenolics are among those that have been suggested as regulants of auxin metabolism.
Model selection procedures in social research: Monte-Carlo simulation results

Model selection strategies play an important, if not explicit, role in quantitative research. The inferential properties of these strategies are largely unknown, therefore, there is little basis for recommending (or avoiding) any particular set of strategies. In this paper, we evaluate several commonly used model selection procedures [Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adjusted R 2, Mallows’ C p, Akaike information criteria (AIC), AICc, and stepwise regression] using Monte-Carlo simulation of model selection when the true data generating processes (DGP) are known. We find that the ability of these selection procedures to include important variables and exclude irrelevant variables increases with the size of the sample and decreases with the amount of noise in the model. None of the model selection procedures do well in small samples, even when the true DGP is largely deterministic; thus, data mining in small samples should be avoided entirely. Instead, the implicit uncertainty in model specification sh...
Clinical research and the stages of dying

Kubler-Ross's claim that terminal patients near death pass through five psychological stages in a predictable order is examined and found not to be supported by other investigators. Their data show...
Venus trough-and-ridge tessera - Analog to earth oceanic crust formed at spreading centers?

The similarity between the morphologies of Venus trough-and-ridge tessera and the earth's ocean floor is discussed. The hypothesis that tessera texture might be related to a crustal fabric produced at spreading centers is examined. It is suggested that the proccesses that produce the ocean floor fabric on earth are good candidates for the origin and production of the trough-and-ridge tessera. To support this hypothesis, the characteristics of the trough-and-ridge terrain in Laima Tessera are described and compared to the seafloor at spreading centers.
Wave Refraction Near San Pedro Bay, California

A numerical procedure for calculation and plotting of wave refraction diagrams was applied to the San Pedro Bay area, California. Waves from all major directions with periods of 15 sec, 30 sec, 60 sec, and longer were considered in the computation. The results are presented in the form of refraction diagrams and contour diagrams of equal wave heights and compared with previous available graphical analyses. It was found that the San Pedro Bay and the Los Angeles-Long Beach Harbor complex is protected from severe wave attacks by the presence of offshore islands which serve as natural wave barriers so that waves would either break on them or diffract around them resulting in reduction of wave energy. The degree of protection afforded by the offshore islands varies with the direction and periods of incoming waves; this is discussed in detail.
Monoclonal Antibodies Against T Cell Receptor/CD3 Complex Induce Cell Death of Th1 Clones in the Absence of Accessory Cells

The T cells respond to foreign antigens by clonal expansion but respond to self components by clonal deletion or functional inactivation.1–3 The specificity of these different responses is dictated by the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) which recognizes peptides associated with MHC antigens and transduces signals. Numerous studies indicate that such recognition can result in a variety of consequences, including cell proliferation, cytokine production, cell death,4 and clonal anergy.5 However, the mechanisms by which the outcomes of T cell recognition is determined are largely unknown.
Identification of Potential mRNA Biomarkers in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Human Exposure to Ionizing Radiation

Abstract Amundson, S. A., Do, K. T., Shahab, S., Bittner, M., Meltzer, P., Trent, J. and Fornace, A. J., Jr. Identification of Potential mRNA Biomarkers in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes for Human Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Since early in the Atomic Age, biological indicators of radiation exposure have been sought, but currently available methods are not entirely satisfactory. Using cDNA microarray hybridization to discover new potential biomarkers, we have identified genes expressed at increased levels in human peripheral blood lymphocytes after ex vivo irradiation. We recently used this technique to identify a large set of ionizing radiation-responsive genes in a human cell line (Oncogene 18, 3666–3672, 1999). The present set of radiation markers in peripheral blood lymphocytes was identified 24 h after treatment, and while the magnitude of mRNA induction generally decreased over time, many markers were still significantly elevated up to 72 h after irradiation. In all donors, the most highly responsi...
Employing the Precautionary Principle to Evaluate the Use of E-Cigarettes.

Electronic cigarettes have emerged onto the public market as an alternative to tobacco cigarettes; however, science is inconclusive as electronic cigarettes have not been thoroughly investigated, including their short- and long-term risks and benefits.1,2 The question arises of whether electronic cigarettes will become the future tobacco crisis. This paper connects the Precautionary Principle to the use of electronic cigarettes in an effort to guide decision-makers in the prevention of adverse health outcomes and societal costs.
Pressure Distribution Design for Septic Tank Systems

Pressure distribution of septic tank effluent in subsurface soil absorption systems is gaining in popularity. This method of effluent distribution has the advantage over other methods of providing dosing in addition to more uniform distribution which reduces the rate of soil clogging and prevents localized overloading. However, the application of these networks has been limited because of the complexity of their design. To overcome this difficulty, the design criteria are discussed and a simplified design procedure presented.
Fission-Fragment Induced Damage of Surfaces: A Quasiclassical Trajectory Calculation

We have investigated the dynamics of a small or “minimal” lattice of helium atoms with FMD. The lattice was struck by a fast, highly charged projectile, and a burst of convoy electrons was emitted. The lattice then disassembled due to the mutual Coulomb repulsion of the ion cores. The FMD method has enabled a calculation in which ionization, recombination, and ion kinetic motion could all be followed simultaneously.
College students with depressive symptoms with and without fatigue: Differences in functioning, suicidality, anxiety, and depressive severity.

BACKGROUND: We examined whether fatigue was associated with greater symptomatic burden and functional impairment in college students with depressive symptoms. METHODS: Using data from the self-report Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), we stratified a group of 287 students endorsing significant symptoms of depression (BDI score ≥13) into 3 levels: no fatigue, mild fatigue, or moderate/severe fatigue. We then compared the 3 levels of fatigue across a battery of psychiatric and functional outcome measures. RESULTS: Approximately 87% of students endorsed at least mild fatigue. Students with moderate/severe fatigue had significantly greater depressive symptom severity compared with those with mild or no fatigue and scored higher on a suicide risk measure than those with mild fatigue. Students with severe fatigue evidenced greater frequency and intensity of anxiety than those with mild or no fatigue. Reported cognitive and functional impairment increased significantly as fatigue worsened. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed college students with symptoms of fatigue demonstrated functional impairment and symptomatic burden that worsened with increasing levels of fatigue. Assessing and treating symptoms of fatigue appears warranted within this population. Language: en
Gravitational Waves: Detection and Sources

In Sect. 1.4, we have shown that a GW causes the stretching and shrinking of the proper distance between test particles.
Small but Consequential: A Case of Deep Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) Caused by Distal Lenticulostriate Artery Aneurysm (P05.218)

Objective: To report a rare case of hemorrhage stroke caused by a lenticulostriate aneurysmal rupture missed initially by both multidetector cerebral CT angiography and digital subtraction angiography. Background Intracerebral hemorrhage is the deadliest form of stroke. Cerebral angiography is not routinely performed in typical deep intracranial hemorrhage which is often associated with hypertension. In as many as a third of cases of deep ICH, however, there is a treatable underlying structural lesion. We report a case of lenticulostriate artery aneurysmal rupture-a rare subtype of vascular abnormality-which led to a diagnostically challenging but ultimately treatable case of ICH. Design/Methods: Case report. Results: A 41 year-old female presented with headache, diaphoresis, agitation, and left-sided visual-spatial and limb asomatognosia, and hemiparesis. Cerebral CT scan showed an acute intracerebral hemorrhage approximately 28cc in volume centered near the right superior temporal lobe and centrum semiovale. Multidetector CT angiography performed did not reveal definitive evidence of any vascular abnormality. Cerebral catheter-based angiography was also initially negative. On hospital day 4, the patient had increased headache and somnolence with expansion of her intracerebral hemorrhage. Repeat angiogram demonstrated a 3mm distal lenticulostriate aneurysm which was then surgically clipped. The patient underwent extensive physical rehabilitation and was left with residual left arm greater than leg weakness with otherwise good neurological recovery. Repeat cerebral angiogram 3 months later showed resolution of the aneurysm. Conclusions: This is a rare case of intracerebral hemorrhage caused by rupture of a distal lenticulostriate artery aneurysm. After extensive neuroimaging, an underlying aneurysm was discovered. Patients without history of hypertension, who are under the age of 45, and who have atypical hematoma patterns or expansion of ICH after presentation should undergo neuroimaging for underlying structural lesion. Disclosure: Dr. Cai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Han has received personal compensation for activities with Harvard/MIT Health Sciences and Technology-Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in collaboration with Pfizer Inc and Merck & Co. Dr. Chou has nothing to disclose.
Record linkage studies for postmarketing drug surveillance: data quality and validity considerations

Large automated databases are the source of information for many record linkage studies, including postmarketing drug surveillance. Despite this reliance on prerecorded data, there have been few attempts to assess data quality and validity. This article presents some of the basic data quality and validity issues in applying record linkage methods to postmarketing surveillance. Studies based on prerecorded data, as in most record linkage studies, have all the inherent problems of the data from which they are derived. Sources of threats to the validity of record linkage studies include the completeness of data, the ability to accurately identify and follow the records of individuals through time and place, and the validity of data. This article also describes techniques for evaluating data quality and validity. Postmarketing surveillance could benefit from more attention to identifying and solving the problems associated with record linkage studies.
Issues With Computer Aided Interviewing Systems

This paper examines the emerging techniques associated with computer aided interviewing. The methodology is viewed as a management information system, and experienced based guide lines are offered for the design of the research project which will utilize CAI. Characteristics of good software are presented with the hope that this will aid in software selection and development. CAI has received limited methodological research in the marketing literature, so several issues are presented in the hope that such research will be stimulated.
Equity and the Modern Mind

This paper examines the role of equity in post-merger American law. I propose that for a period of time following the merger of law and equity, the remnants of historical equity provided a partial compromise between the benefits of determinate rules and the impulse to correct adverse outcomes of rules. For better or worse, this compromise has mostly ceased to hold, thanks to general acceptance of the principles that animated American Legal Realism.
Resiliency testing of overhead distribution components and systems

Distribution components were tested in a laboratory to quantify forces generated under dynamic loading, such as tree impacts. Utility pole strength was measured using typical construction scenarios. The holding strength of various conductor ties/clamps were also measured. The collected data is analyzed and methods of mitigating pole breaks during storms is presented. The data shows how mechanical coordination of pole-top assemblies to prevent pole damage can be accomplished by using conductor ties with less holding strength or by upgrading pole class.
Rights, Race, and Recognition: Rights without recognition

One of the so-called self-evident truths proclaimed in the United States of America's Declaration of Independence is that all men are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights. Many people still follow the founders in affirming the naturalness of these rights even though nomenclature has varied over the years. But in what sense are these rights natural? And what exactly is the source of these unalienable natural rights which have played such an important role in explaining why governments are instituted among men, what function they serve, and what they must do to guarantee their continued existence? The answer to the first question—in what sense are these rights natural—appears to be relatively clear. They are “natural” in the sense that human beings are taken to possess them prior to and independent of formal as well as informal governmental or societal recognition. As such they are the product of neither legislative nor customary practices and can thus serve as independent grounds for judging and guiding both legislation and custom, which is the primary reason for positing such rights in the first place. Another way to put the point is to say that natural rights exist prior to and independently of the actions of all positive authority, both governmental and nongovernmental. Although these rights may be independent of all positive law and authority, if men were indeed endowed by their creator with these rights, as the founders proclaimed, then they would not be natural in the sense that human beings possessed them entirely independently of all law and authority.
Abstract 18574: Mitochondrial Reprogramming By Camkiiδ Underlies Gq-induced Cardiomyopathy

Background: Sustained activation of Gq signaling causes pressure overload hypertrophy, that inevitably decompensates as dilated cardiomyopathy. These molecular processes are recapitulated by cardiac overexpression of Gq (Gq-TG). Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ) may be a crucial regulator of this maladaptive response and we thus sought to determine if CaMKIIδ is required for the pathologic transformation of cardiac hypertrophy. Methods: Gq-TG mice were crossbred with CaMKIIδ knockout (CaMKIIδ-KO) mice to generate KO/TG mice. In addition, we studied the role of CaMKIIδ in the response of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVM) to constitutively activated Gαq (Ad-Q209L). Results: CaMKII activity was increased in hearts from Gαq transgenic mice and in NRVM infected with Ad-Q209L. CaMKIIδ deletion did not affect Gαq-induced hypertrophy in vitro and in vivo, but did result in a significant improvement of left ventricular function and reduced cardiac fibrosis. Deep RNA sequencing revealed marked reprogramming of mitochondrial genes in Gq-TG mice. Intriguingly, 41% of these mitochondrial mRNAs were normalized by CaMKIIδ deletion, including the ROS modulator uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3). Hearts of Gq transgenics showed increased oxidative stress, mitochondrial protein oxidation and a reduced mitochondrial respiration, all of which were normalized in KO/TG mice. The ability of Q209L to induce mitochondrial oxidative stress, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cell death in NRVMs was also attenuated by CaMKII inhibition. UCP3 protein levels were reduced by Q209L and normalized with CaMKII inhibition. The protective effects of CaMKIIδ-inhibition on mitochondrial ROS production and cell death were abrogated by knock down of UCP3, consistent with a link between CaMKIIδ-induced repression of UCP3 and Gαq-induced ROS production. Conclusion: Mitochondrial reprogramming by CaMKIIδ is critically involved in the development of Gq-dependent cardiomyopathy, mediated in part by increased mitochondrial oxidative stress linked to transcriptional repression of UCP3.
Challenges and Resources for Nurses Participating in a Hurricane Sandy Hospital Evacuation

Purpose Weather-related disasters have increased dramatically in recent years. In 2012, severe flooding as a result of Hurricane Sandy necessitated the mid-storm patient evacuation of New York University Langone Medical Center. The purpose of this study was to explore, from the nurses’ perspective, what the challenges and resources were to carrying out their responsibilities, and what the implications are for nursing education and preparation for disaster. Design This mixed-methods study included qualitative interviews with a purposive sample of nurses and an online survey of nurses who participated in the evacuation. Methods The interviews explored prior disaster experience and training, communication, personal experience during the evacuation, and lessons learned. The cross-sectional survey assessed social demographic factors, nursing education and experience, as well as potential challenges and resources in carrying out their disaster roles. Findings Qualitative interviews provided important contextual information about the specific challenges nurses experienced and their ability to respond effectively. Survey data identified important resources that helped nurses to carry out their roles, including support from coworkers, providing support to others, personal resourcefulness, and leadership. Nurses experienced considerable challenges in responding to this disaster due to limited prior disaster experience, training, and education, but drew on their personal resourcefulness, support from colleagues, and leadership to adapt to those challenges. Conclusions Disaster preparedness education in schools of nursing and practice settings should include more hands-on disaster preparation exercises, more “low-tech” options to address power loss, and specific policies on nurses’ disaster roles. Clinical Relevance Nurses play a critical role in responding to disasters. Learning from their disaster experience can inform approaches to nursing education and preparation.