cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multidisciplinary, multifaceted improvement initiative to eliminate mislabelled laboratory specimens at a large tertiary care hospital

Objectives To sustainably reduce the rate of mislabelled laboratory specimens through implementation of a series of interventions as led and coordinated by a multidisciplinary performance improvement team. Methods The quality improvement project was performed at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, an academic care tertiary care hospital. Phlebotomy services are provided by unit-based nursing and dedicated laboratory-based phlebotomists. Baseline mislabelled specimen rate was obtained for a 6-month period prior to the first improvement intervention. Included in the rate of mislabelled specimens were inpatient blood and body fluid specimens. Anatomic pathology and cytological specimens and outpatient specimens were excluded. Mislabelled specimens were identified preanalytically, analytically or postanalytically. A specimen was considered mislabelled under the following circumstances: (1) specimen/requisition mismatch; (2) incorrect patient identifiers and (3) unlabelled specimen. Specimen mislabels were identified and validated monthly by a multidisciplinary team composed of personnel from nursing, laboratory and performance improvement. Performance improvement initiatives were implemented over a 2-year period with control charts used to assess improvement over time. Results The rate of mislabelled specimens varied by clinical area and decreased significantly over a 24-month time period during the initiative from 4.39 per 10 000 specimens to 1.97 per 10 000 specimens. All clinical areas achieved a significant decrease in the rate of mislabelled specimens except for the operating room and labour and delivery. Conclusions A multidisciplinary unit specific approach using performance improvement methodologies focusing on human factors can reliably and sustainably reduce the rate of mislabelled laboratory specimens in a large tertiary care hospital.
Differential effects of BMP signaling on parvalbumin and somatostatin interneuron differentiation.

Several different populations of interneurons in the murine cortex, including somatostatin (SST)- or parvalbumin (PV)-expressing cells, are born in the ventral ganglionic eminences during mid-gestation and then migrate tangentially to the cortex. SST is expressed by some interneuron progenitors in the cerebral cortex and in migrating populations in the ventrolateral cortex at birth. However, PV (also known as PVALB) is not expressed by interneurons until the second postnatal week after reaching the cortex, suggesting that molecular cues in the cerebral cortex might be involved in the differentiation process. BMP4 is expressed at high levels in the somatosensory cortex at the time when the PV+ interneurons differentiate. Treatment of cortical cultures containing interneuron precursors is sufficient to generate PV+ interneurons prematurely and inhibit SST differentiation. Furthermore, overexpression of BMP4 in vivo increases the number of interneurons expressing PV, with a reduction in the number of SST+ interneurons. PV+ interneurons in the cortex express BMP type I receptors and a subpopulation displays activated BMP signaling, assessed by downstream molecules including phosphorylated SMAD1/5/8. Conditional mutation of BMP type I receptors in interneuron precursors significantly reduces the number of cortical PV+ interneurons in the adult brain. Thus, BMP4 signaling through type I receptors regulates the differentiation of two major medial ganglionic eminence-derived interneuron populations and defines their relative numbers in the cortex.
Towards a phenome-wide catalog of human clinical traits impacted by genetic ancestry.

Racial/ethnic differences for commonly measured clinical variables are well documented, and it has been postulated that population-specific genetic factors may play a role. The genetic heterogeneity of admixed populations, such as African Americans, provides a unique opportunity to identify genomic regions and variants associated with the clinical variability observed for diseases and traits across populations. To begin a systematic search for these population-specific genomic regions at the phenome-wide scale, we determined the relationship between global genetic ancestry, specifically European and African ancestry, and clinical variables measured in a population of African Americans from BioVU, Vanderbilt University’s biorepository linked to de-identified electronic medical records (EMRs) as part of the Epidemiologic Architecture using Genomics and Epidemiology (EAGLE) study. Through billing (ICD-9) codes, procedure codes, labs, and clinical notes, 36 common clinical and laboratory variables were mined from the EMR, including body mass index (BMI), kidney traits, lipid levels, blood pressure, and electrocardiographic measurements. A total of 15,863 DNA samples from non-European Americans were genotyped on the Illumina Metabochip containing ~200,000 variants, of which 11,166 were from African Americans. Tests of association were performed to examine associations between global ancestry and the phenotype of interest. Increased European ancestry, and conversely decreased African ancestry, was most strongly correlated with an increase in QRS duration, consistent with previous observations that African Americans tend to have shorter a QRS duration compared with European Americans. Despite known racial/ethnic disparities in blood pressure, European and African ancestry was neither associated with diastolic nor systolic blood pressure measurements. Collectively, these results suggest that this clinical population can be used to identify traits in which population differences may be due, in part, to population-specific genetics.
Fastening and Joining of Composite Materials

This paper presents some of the most recent advances in fastening and joining research on composite joints, which are often viewed as the weakest links that can significantly affect the safety and reliability of many mechanical and structural systems. A system approach is outlined for fastening and joining issues, which includes the effect of six groups of variables; namely, the joint, the joining element, tool used, process control, in-service loads, and the environmental variables. Challenging bolting issues are discussed as they apply to composite joints that are subjected to complex mechanical, thermo-mechanical, and environmental loading. This includes theoretical, FEA, and experimental models for investigating the effect of bolt holes, failure modes, vibration and impact-induced loosening of preloaded threaded fasteners, loss of clamp load due to mismatched thermal effects, and elastic interaction. Investigated joining variables in layered joints include normal and interfacial stresses, properties and thickness of the adhesive layers, additives, and damage modeling. Results from theoretical and experimental models are presented.
Form Pressure and Relaxation in Formwork

Form pressure distribution curves are presented based upon an analytical model that incorporates an instantaneous hardening transition of the concrete from a liquid-like initial mix into a rigid solid and the representation of relaxation effects in the formwork by means of a viscoelastic analogy. The time for the hardening transition appears to vary with the rate of placement. Such a variation in the time of setting provides excellent agreement between experiment and analysis, and indicates the need for further study of the physical and chemical basis for the interaction between the time of setting and the rate of pour. The release of pressure against the forms subsequent to hardening is shown to be a function of dimensionless ratios that incorporate the stiffness parameters of the formwork, the setting time of the concrete, and the relaxation time of the formwork.
Rethinking Anti-Americanism: Myth and Consequences

A ‘mortal enemy,’ a ‘renegade friend,’ a ‘cynic,’ a ‘demagogue,’ a ‘homicidal lunatic’ inspired by ‘implacable hostility toward the United States’ and ‘the most ungrateful man since Judas Iscariot…’ – Members of Congress on Charles de Gaulle We have fought together, suffered together, triumphed together. It is hand in hand that our two countries must walk towards the future. Long live the American Army! Long live the United States of America! – Charles de Gaulle to General Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1945 The Vietnam War brought a twin culmination to the history of anti-Americanism: a cresting of worldwide protest against the United States, and such widespread employment of the term anti-Americanism to explain foreign behavior as to harden it into an accepted truth. By 1968, foreign opinion of the United States had sunk to the lowest level ever measured, and charges of anti-Americanism were hurled in all directions. What has not been shown until now is that the very war that wrought this state of affairs was itself partly the product of the confused notion of anti-Americanism. Vietnam was a devastating illustration of what could happen when the U.S. political class and the public in general so fully absorbed the myth of anti-Americanism into their thinking that they became incapable of considering advice and criticism that might have spared their country from marching off that particular cliff. In a self-fulfilling prophesy, or a feedback loop, the conviction that anti-Americanism explained opposition to the United States abroad prevented Americans from taking seriously proposals and warnings that might have saved them from policies that increased foreign opposition abroad, which they read as more anti-Americanism. Prisoners of a discursive system that reduced complexities and choices to the misleading rubrics of pro- and anti-Americanism, they failed to see that there were paths available that would not lead into deadly quagmire.
Some Considerations in Devising Effective SCALE6/MAVRIC Models for Large Shielding Applications

*Analog Monte Carlo simulations for deep-penetration shielding problems are not viable; instead, aggressive use of variance reduction methods is used aiming to achieve acceptable accuracy for the result of interest in acceptable time. This requires developing effective variance reduction parameters, which in turn requires a systematic approach and an automated method. Frequently, a hybrid deterministic-stochastic methodology is deployed, where a deterministic transport theory method is used to generate adjoint function distribution. In the FW-CADIS method implemented in MAVRIC sequence of the SCALE6 package, deterministic forward calculation is performed as well, to enable generating variance reduction parameters for Monte Carlo simulation resulting in nearly-uniform statistical uncertainty over a large region. The choice of the deterministic model is user-controlled. However, the accuracy of the forward and adjoint deterministic solutions impacts the quality of Monte Carlo variance reduction parameters. We investigate this problem on a complex real-life shielding problem. The objective is to determine the radiation field (dose rate) throughout a nuclear power plant building. The large problem size (about 50x50x50 m 3 ), is further complicated by attenuation of more than 15 orders of magnitude. The results will serve as the initial step toward developing a general methodology for performance optimization of hybrid shielding calculations.
Fragment Oxyrhynchus 840, Fragment of a Lost Gospel, Witness of an Early Christian Controversy over Purity

In his Unbekannte Jesusworte Joachim Jeremias writes about Fragment Oxyrhynchus 840: "Diese Perle evangelischer Erzdihlerkunst hat bis heute nicht die Beachtung gefunden, die sie verdient" ("Up until now, this pearl of Gospel narrative has not received the appreciation it deserves").' Fifty years later I still concur with Jeremias's judgment. Despite regular mention, this fragment remains relatively unknown. Yet there remains much unnoticed significance to this document: the intensity of the dialogue between Jesus and the priest, the relevance of the purity controversy, and the literary quality of the whole passage. Fragment Oxyrhynchus 840 would be deemed even more significant if it were properly interpreted. The folio is conventionally interpreted in the framework of first-century C.E. Judaism and is regarded as valuable in the quest for the historical Jesus. In my opinion, although Fragment Oxyrhynchus 840 may well speak about Jesus and his criticism of a Jewish priest, it actually fits better into ancient Christian controversies about the validity of water baptism. As we know, any material referring to Jesus' life is at the same time a window into the author's Christian community. Our fragment-this will be my hypothesis-reflects a Christian setting in the second or the third century. The philological and historical problems that have been discussed since the discovery of the fragment find a more plausible solution as soon as we no longer visualize the scene in Jerusalem during Jesus' life. Every term and cate-
Parallel Optical Manipulation in Evanescent Optical Landscapes

Using multiple-beam interference and total internal reflection, we couple an evanescent optical field to a large number of particles in a periodical landscape. The particles are confined and manipulated modifying the parameters of the landscape.
Magic acid free generation of antiaromatic dications at room temperature.

A new method for the generation of dicationic species via ionization of diols is described. The method makes use of milder reagents at room temperatures, an advantage over use of Magic Acid at −78 °C. A series of mono- and dications were synthesized successfully, including previously unattainable species.
Comparison of Infectious Mononucleosis Hemagglutinins with Those of Rabbits Injected with Boiled Beef Erythrocytes

The serological characteristics of the antibody in the sera of patients with infectious mononucleosis which agglutinates sheep erythrocytes distinguish this antibody from other sheep cell agglutinins. It is absorbed by boiled beef cells (Bailey and Raffel, 1935; Stuart et al, 1936) but not by guinea pig kidney (Stuart, 1935). Sheep cells treated with papain are agglutinated weakly, if at all, and fail to absorb the infectious mononucleosis antibody (Wollner, 1955). The antibody reacts with a thermostable antigen present in the erythrocytes of the sheep, ox, horse (Stuart et al, 1936), and probably other species. In addition to its distinctive serological specificity, the infectious mononucleosis hemagglutinin has uniformly been characterized as a yM immunoglobulin (Pike and Schulze, 1960; Ovary et al, 1960; Lee et al, 1963; Strannegard and Hanson, 1964; Wilkinson and Carmichael, 1964; Milgrom and Loza, 1966). Agglutinins reacting with sheep cells have been produced in guinea pigs, which lack the beef thermostable anti-
Normal iodine uptake and anoxia resistance accompanying apparent hypometabolism in hereditary obese-hyperglycemic syndrome.

SummaryIn the hereditary obese hyperglycemic syndrome of mice, radioactive iodine uptake is normal. Similarly, the anoxia test reveals no difference in dependence on oxygen tension between obese and non-obese mice. The significance of these findings is discussed with respect to the etiology of the syndrome, and to the extension of the concept of basal metabolic rate to obese animals.
P2-S8.12 Feasibility of using cell phones for daily data collection within adolescent cohort studies

Background It is widely recognised that adolescents are a population who encounter frequent changes in their daily lives. In order to capture these important oscillations, daily data are needed to accurately record and track changes in STD associated perceptions and behaviours that adolescents experience. Methods Adolescent females 16-19 were enrolled in the study from a reproductive healthcare clinic. They are assigned a Palm Centro smartphone, and instructed to make daily diary entries on the phones using Pendragon software continuously for up to 18 months. Field staff meet with the participants every 2 weeks to hot sync the diary data from the phones, which is then compiled into a master database. Results We examined the number of data points collected over all participants as compared with the costs of the phones, service plans, and person-power needed to complete data collection as well as the subjective opinions of the participants. In an ongoing study, 107 participants have received a phone, and the overall retention rate is 70%. The cost of the cell phone, voice plan and study staff support is approximately $105 per month for each participant. Participants have completed an average of 14 diary entries per month, with a total of 9916 collected. All participants who have completed 18 months in the study reported that the diary entry software was somewhat or very easy to use and 63% indicated that the cell phone was a reason that they remained in the study. Of the 185 phones that were distributed, 84 were reported broken or lost. Conclusions Utilising this method of data collection has yielded rich data, unlike any currently available in the literature. While the cost of the data collection process may be substantial, there are distinct advantages to the use of cell phones. These benefits include, participant satisfaction, date and time stamped data, an alarm prompt, reduced participant burden, as well as affording interactive and privacy advantages similar to ACASI technology. There are several ways to tailor the collection process so that it may be accessible to a wider variety of studies. Greater use of this technology should be an area of interest in further adolescent STD research.
Abstract 5311: The targeting effect of radio-labeled LXY1 and LXW7 against glioblastoma on xenograft mouse model

Glioblastoma, the most common type of primary brain tumors in adults, remains largely incurable, and surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy has been shown to only slightly increase patient survival. New approaches to treat this deadly cancer are needed. Small peptide-based compounds have attracted wide interest as cancer targeting agents for the delivery of radionuclides or cytotoxic drugs to tumors. Using the “one-bead-one-compound” (OBOC) combinatorial library method, we have identified a specific ligand, LXY1, which targets the α3β1 integrin on glioblastoma cell line U87MG. We have also discovered another novel ligand containing a RGD motif, LXW7, which targets the αvβ3 integrin of U87MG cells and tumor endothelial cells. LXY1 and LXW7 demonstrated excellent tumor targeting efficacy in in vivo optical imaging studies. To further investigate the targeting property of the peptides and precisely clarify their in vivo biodistribution profile, we have conjugated LXY1 and LXW7 to the metal chelator CB-TE2A complexed with 64Cu to perform PET imaging and biodistribution studies. The results indicate 64Cu-labeled LXY1-CB-TE2A conjugate efficiently targets both orthotopic and subcutaneous glioblastoma. The LXW7-CB-TE2A conjugate also demonstrates good tumor accumulation. Both conjugates show relatively rapid clearance from tumor site and high uptake in the liver and kidney beside to tumor. The undesired high uptake of the peptides in the liver and kidney indicate both peptides in current version may be more promising in radioimaging than radiotherapy for glioblastoma. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5311. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-5311
A Generalized Specification of Regional Labor Markets

In recent years, regional models have advanced significantly beyond a statistical reallocation of national behavior. Differences in regional behavior are now explained by more than differences in the income responsiveness of local industries to national conditions and the regional composition of industries. The relative competitiveness of local industries in national markets is also being used in model construction.1 Differential impacts of national policy variables, which have long been utilized, are being augmented by the impacts of many local policy variables.2 Some concepts discussed in the literature on regional economics, such as economic base analysis,3 the emphasis on interregional trade,4 and interregional factor flows, especially population migration,5 have found their way into specifications of regional econometric models. However, an underlying behavioral model that explains why regional growth rates differ and why some regional business cycles differ from national fluctuations, still seems to be missing from regional econometric models.
Formation Mechanism of Powered Scale on Hot Rolled Strip and Flexible Control Method

Formation mechanism was studied by SEM and metallography.The results show that straightening force is greater than failure stress of oxide scale,causing fracture and spalling.Carbon in steel can become carbon monoxide and dioxide at high temperature.The blistering and fracture are formed when gas transfer is hindered.One of reasons for powered scale was that silicon formed Fe2SiO4,leading to increase the difficulty of descaling.The flexible control method is proposed depending on different production processes and formation mechanism of powered scale.
Expiration-Triggered Sinus Arrhythmia: Have We Been Waiting With Bated Breath?

Heart rate variability is a measure of cardiac vagal modulation and provides prognostic information and risk stratification in patients who suffered from acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Observations by Kleiger et al. [(1)][1] from almost 30 years ago demonstrated that a low standard deviation in
Can Restorative Practices Help to Reduce Disparities in School Discipline Data? A Review of the Literature

Disparities in school discipline data is a national concern. Schools across the nation are working to eliminate these disparities. This literature review considers one response to the disproportionate data, restorative practices. This article examines why exclusionary approaches to discipline are ineffective, contribute to imbalanced discipline data, exacerbate the achievement gap, and push minority students into the juvenile justice system. Restorative practices are an inclusionary, nonpunitive alternative. This approach offers a preventive component as well as a responsive component. I will use this article as a platform to show readers how and why using restorative practices, as an alternative to punitive practices, will support a reduction in the number of referrals and suspension given in schools in order to reduce, and ultimately eliminate the disparities in discipline data across the nation. Limitations in the research are highlighted and recommendations of where to focus future research are provided.
Classification of Clinically Useful Sentences in MEDLINE.

OBJECTIVE In a previous study, we investigated a sentence classification model that uses semantic features to extract clinically useful sentences from UpToDate, a synthesized clinical evidence resource. In the present study, we assess the generalizability of the sentence classifier to Medline abstracts. METHODS We applied the classification model to an independent gold standard of high quality clinical studies from Medline. Then, the classifier trained on UpToDate sentences was optimized by re-retraining the classifier with Medline abstracts and adding a sentence location feature. RESULTS The previous classifier yielded an F-measure of 58% on Medline versus 67% on UpToDate. Re-training the classifier on Medline improved F-measure to 68%; and to 76% (p<0.01) after adding the sentence location feature. CONCLUSIONS The classifier's model and input features generalized to Medline abstracts, but the classifier needed to be retrained on Medline to achieve equivalent performance. Sentence location provided additional contribution to the overall classification performance.
Recording teleseismic earthquakes using ocean-bottom seismographs at mid-ocean ridges

Abstract Existing teleseismic data recorded by ocean-bottom seismographs (OBS) are sparse, but they are sufficient for analysis of earthquake detection thresholds under various background noise conditions. Long-period P, S , and surface waves are consistently recorded by OBS9s for magnitude 5.7 to 6+ events at ranges greater than 100°. Both Love and Rayleigh waves are recorded for very large events, with high coherence in the 15- to 70-sec period range; high coherence in the 15- to 35-sec range is typical for events of magnitude 5.5 to 6+. Short-period body-wave arrivals (1 Hz), on the other hand, have only been clearly recorded by OBS9s in the North Atlantic, during calm-weather periods or, by OBS9s in the Pacific, for very large events at ranges less than a few tens of degrees. Seismograms recorded at the East Pacific Rise (EPR) and at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR) illustrate the high signal coherence between instruments deployed in an array of OBS9s. Recordings of the pressure field as well as the vertical and horizontal displacement fields are used to assess the capabilities of OBS sensors and the frequency range of high signal-to-noise arrivals. Contamination of long-period, body-wave arrivals by secondary phases, due to reverberation in the water column, can significantly hinder investigation of relative travel-time anomalies across an OBS array on rough seafloor, particularly at low signal-to-noise ratios. The nature of the reverberations is illustrated in short-period data, and the basic physics behind the differences between the pressure and displacement signals is discussed. A bias of about 0.5 sec can be introduced to relative arrival times, with deeper stations appearing erroneously late, for an array where seafloor depths vary by about 1 km. Reflectivity synthetics provide the basis for designing optimum filters for removing the reverberation bias in long-period, P -wave data from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 34° S. The resulting relative travel-time anomaly is 0.4 to 0.6 sec with delays increasing with distance from the axis on the east flank of the spreading center.
Novel Peptide-Specific Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Analysis Applied to Collagen IV Peptides with Antiangiogenic Activity

Angiogenesis is the growth of new blood vessels from existing vasculature. Excessive vascularization is associated with a number of diseases including cancer. Antiangiogenic therapies have the potential to stunt cancer progression. Peptides derived from type IV collagen are potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. We wanted to gain a better understanding of collagen IV structure-activity relationships using a ligand-based approach. We developed novel peptide-specific QSAR models to study the activity of the peptides in endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and adhesion inhibition assays. We found that the models produced quantitatively accurate predictions of activity and provided insight into collagen IV derived peptide structure-activity relationships.
The impact of temperature and precipitation on blacklegged tick activity and Lyme disease incidence in endemic and emerging regions

The incidence of Lyme disease shows high degrees of inter-annual variation in the northeastern United States, but the factors driving this variation are not well understood. Complicating matters, it is also possible that these driving factors may vary in regions with differing histories of Lyme disease endemism. We evaluated the effect of the number of hot (T > 25 °C), dry (precipitation = 0) days during the questing periods of the two immature Ixodes scapularis life stages (larval and nymphal) on inter-annual variation in Lyme disease incidence between 2000 and 2011 in long-term endemic versus recently endemic areas. We also evaluated the effect of summer weather on tick questing activity and the number of ticks found on small mammals between 1994 and 2012 on six sites in Millbrook, NY. The number of hot, dry days during the larval period of the previous year did not affect the human incidence of Lyme disease or the density of questing nymphs the following season. However, dry summer weather during the nymphal questing period had a significant negative effect on the incidence of Lyme disease in the long-term endemic areas, and on the density of questing nymphs. Summer weather conditions had a more pronounced effect on actively questing I. scapularis collected via dragging than on the number of ticks found feeding on small mammals. In recently endemic areas Lyme disease incidence increased significantly over time, but no trend was detected between disease incidence and dry summer weather. Recently endemic regions showed an increase in Lyme disease incidence over time, while incidence in long-term endemic regions appears to have stabilized. Only within the stabilized areas were we able to detect reduced Lyme disease incidence in years with hot, dry summer weather. These patterns were reflected in our field data, which showed that questing activity of nymphal I. scapularis was reduced by hot, dry summer weather.
Reaction thermochemistry of metal sulfides with GGA and GGA +U calculations

Sulfurization reaction energies of 24 metal sulfide ($M$-S) systems including $M=$ Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn, Al, Ti, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Mo, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt, La, Ce, Th, and U are evaluated using generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and $\mathrm{GGA}+U$ calculations. Our results indicate that unlike metal oxides and halides, GGA reaction energy predictions can be improved consistently only if separate energy corrections are used for S in sulfide anion (${\mathrm{S}}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$) and disulfide anion (${\mathrm{S}}_{2}^{2\ensuremath{-}}$) because of the existence of covalent ${}^{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{S}--{\mathrm{S}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ bonds in the latter anion. Enumerating all possible sulfurization reactions between pairs of $d$- and $f$-block metal sulfides within each $M$-S system, we predict effective $U$ values for $\mathrm{GGA}+U$ thermochemistry and confidence intervals for these $U$ values. We find that applying $U$ on the $d$ or $f$ orbitals of these nonsimple metal ions consistently improves GGA reaction energy predictions for most of these systems, except for the reactions where the reaction energy is insensitive to $U$ applied to the metal $M$, and only the S anions perform the redox activity (i.e., change the nominal oxidation state). We show that $\mathrm{GGA}+U$ calculations with the predicted $U$ values and anion-dependent systematic energy corrections provide a significant improvement over standard, uncorrected GGA in predicting cell voltages of a variety of $M$-S based battery systems including $\mathrm{Li}/{\mathrm{FeS}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{Li}/{\mathrm{TiS}}_{2}$, $\mathrm{Li}/{\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$, and $\mathrm{Mg}/{\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}{\mathrm{S}}_{8}$.
Disclosure of experience as a risk factor in informed consent for neurosurgery: the case of Johnson v. Kokemoor.

The case of Johnson v Kokemoor illuminates the conflict between patients' right to informed consent and clinicians' need to learn through practice, a conflict that possibly could be resolved through greater transparency about clinicians' experience or experience-dependent medical fees.
Sustainable Living Factories for Next Generation Manufacturing

Abstract To be profitable and to generate sustainable value for all stakeholders, next generation manufacturers must develop capabilities to rapidly and economically respond to changing market needs while at the same time minimizing adverse impacts on the environment and benefiting society. 6R-based (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, Redesign and Remanufacturing) sustainable manufacturing practices enable closed-loop and multi-life cycle material flow; they facilitate producing more sustainable products using manufacturing processes and systems that are more sustainable. Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems (RMS) and its characteristics of scalability, convertibility, diagnosability, customization, modularity and integrability have emerged as a basis for living factories for next generation manufacturing that can significantly enhance the system sustainability by quickly adjusting system configuration and production processes to meet the market needs, and maintain the system values for generations of products. This paper examines the significance of developing such next generation manufacturing systems as the basis for futuristic sustainable living factories by adapting, integrating and implementing the RMS characteristics with the principles of sustainable manufacturing to achieve value creation for all stakeholders.
Fundamental contradictions among observational and experimental estimates of non-trophic species interactions

The difficulty of experimentally quantifying non-trophic species interactions has long troubled ecologists. Increasingly, a new application of the classic "checkerboard distribution" approach is used to infer interactions by examining the pairwise frequency at which species are found to spatially co-occur. However, the link between spatial associations, as estimated from observational co-occurrence, and species interactions has not been tested. Here we used nine common statistical methods to estimate associations from surveys of rocky intertidal communities in the Northeast Pacific Ocean. We compared those inferred associations with a new data set of experimentally determined net and direct species interactions. Although association methods generated networks with aggregate structure similar to previously published interaction networks, each method detected a different set of species associations from the same data set. Moreover, although association methods generally performed better than a random model, associations rarely matched empirical net or direct species interactions, with high rates of false positives and true positives, and many false negatives. Our findings cast doubt on studies that equate species co-occurrences to species interactions and highlight a persistent, unanswered question: how do we interpret spatial patterns in communities? We suggest future research directions to unify the observational and experimental study of species interactions, and discuss the need for community standards and best practices in association analysis.
Book Review: Law and the Contradictions of the Disability Rights Movement Samuel R. Bagenstos (Yale University Press, New Haven, Connecticut, 2009)

Legal medicine has a close connection with issues of physical and mental disability. Medicine treats conditions that disable or have the potential to disable. Law regulates medical treatment, but a...
Improved Circuit Model Fitting of Inkjet-Printed OTFTs and a Proposal for Standardized Parameter Reporting

Within the field of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs), a large variety of materials are available. As a consequence, it may not be possible for one circuit model to accurately replicate the behavior of all OTFT devices. We propose modifications to two popular circuit models in order to better match the characteristics observed in the devices manufactured using our materials system. Using measured data for complementary n- and p-type organic devices, modeling parameters are extracted through optimization. Due to the ubiquitous use of the square-law model to characterize organic devices, modeling parameters are also extracted using this traditional approach. Extracted parameters are then compared and discussed. As there is a clear variation in device parameters based on the model used, a new standardization scheme is proposed which attempts to provide a standardized quality assurance metric, which simplifies the comparison of the reported device parameters. This scheme provides an indication of the goodness of fit between the model being used to describe the device and the extracted modeling parameters.
The University of California, San Francisco Documentation System for Retinoblastoma: Preparing to Improve Staging Methods for This Disease.

Background/Aims: Current retinoblastoma staging systems do not adequately describe the disease, especially in eyes with multiple tumors. The aims of this study were to develop methods for documenting individual tumors and to score disease burden over time. Methods: A coding system was devised to describe each tumor according to affected eye, meridian, anteroposterior location, activity, growth pattern, type of seed, and treatment. A scoring system for quantifying disease burden was developed, taking account of tumor number, size, spread, and secondary effects on the eye. Results: Our coding system allowed contemporaneous tumor documentation, producing datasets that enabled generation of fundus diagrams, Kaplan-Meier curves, and tables summarizing disease progression in individual tumors and eyes. Our data showed disparities between ocular and tumor documentation, e.g., indicating earlier tumor development in the left eye but younger age at presentation if disease was worse in the right eye. Actuarial rates of local treatment failure were lower when individual tumors were analyzed than when data were reported in terms of whole eyes. Conclusion: Our methods for documenting individual retinoblastomas have facilitated the review of patients’ progress in our routine practice and may provide data that could be used to refine retinoblastoma classifications in the future.
Articulating societal benefits in grant proposals: Move analysis of Broader Impacts

Abstract Being ‘scholarly’ includes the pursuit of grants, which requires understanding and satisfying the review criteria of specific funding organizations. An important merit review criterion against which the National Science Foundation (NSF) evaluates grant proposals is Broader Impacts (BI). The two-fold purpose of this study was to 1) identify the rhetorical conventions of stand-alone BI sections, which are expected to demonstrate the potential of a proposed project to benefit society, and 2) compare the use of rhetorical conventions in the BI sections of funded and non-funded proposals. In the tradition of genre theory, the study employed a top-down move analysis of a corpus of 91 BI texts from proposals in different disciplines submitted to the NSF. The analysis yielded a descriptive model of 3 moves and 9 steps, named Contextualize-Demonstrate-Predict, which was applied to the annotation of the entire corpus. Descriptive and statistical analyses of the annotated data provided a rich description of the composition of BI discourse in terms of primary and secondary rhetorical functions, also revealing similarities and differences in move and step distribution, functional prominence, and language use in the BIs of funded and non-funded proposals. The results of this study lend themselves to practical implications for grant writer education in rhetorical competence.
Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital heart disease is one of the most common congenital defects in children. A physiological classification of congenital heart disease into four groups is most useful for anesthetists: left-to-right shunts with increased pulmonary blood flow; right-to-left shunts with decreased pulmonary blood flow; complex shunts with mixing of pulmonary and systemic blood flow causing cyanosis, and finally obstructive lesions, such as valvular or major vessel stenosis. During anesthesia in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, it is critical to maintain a balance between the pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance to avoid hypoxia or inadequate systemic perfusion. Anesthesia in children with a Fontan circulation is particularly challenging and is best performed in a specialist pediatric center. Endocarditis prophylaxis is needed for some children with heart disease having certain procedures. Murmurs are common in children, and most can be identified as innocent at the time of preoperative assessment. Some murmurs may be suspected as being pathological but without significant issues for anesthesia, while others may be suspected as being pathological and require deferral of anesthesia and investigation.
Impact of admission serum magnesium levels on long-term mortality in hospitalized patients.

BACKGROUND The impact of admission serum magnesium on long-term mortality in hospitalized patients was unclear. This study aimed to assess the long-term mortality risk based on admission of serum magnesium in hospitalized patients. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a tertiary referral hospital. We included all adult patients admitted to Mayo Clinic Hospital, Minnesota, between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2013, who had available admission serum magnesium. We categorized serum magnesium into ≤1.4, 1.5-1.6, 1.7-1.8, 1.9-2.0, 2.1-2.2, ≥2.3 mg/dL. We estimated the 1-year mortality risk based on various admission serum magnesium levels using Kaplan-Meier plot and assessed the association of admission serum magnesium with 1-year mortality using Cox proportional hazard analysis. We selected serum magnesium of 1.7-1.8 mg/dL as the reference group for mortality comparison. RESULTS We included a total of 65,974 patients, with a mean admission serum magnesium of 1.9 ± 0.3 mg/dL in this study. The 1-year mortality was 15.7%, 15.8%, 15.5%, 16.7%, 19.0%, and 25.6% in admission serum magnesium of ≤1.4, 1.5-1.6, 1.7-1.8, 1.9-2.0, 2.1-2.2, ≥2.3 mg/dL, respectively (p < 0.001). After adjustment for confounders, admission serum magnesium of 1.9-2.0, 2.1-2.2, and ≥2.3 mg/dL were significantly associated with increased 1-year mortality compared with magnesium of 1.7-1.8 mg/dL with adjusted HR of 1.09 (95% CI 1.02-1.15), 1.22 (95% CI 1.14-1.30), and 1.55 (95% CI 1.45-1.55), respectively. There was no significant difference in 1-year mortality risk between low serum magnesium ≤1.6 mg/dL and magnesium of 1.7-1.8 mg/dL. CONCLUSION Hypermagnesemia, but not hypomagnesemia, at the time of hospital admission was associated with increased 1-year mortality among hospitalized patients.
Weierstrass representations for triply orthogonal and conformal Euclidean and Lorentzian systems

Starting with triply orthogonal moving frames in 3-dimensional Lie algebras, we build Weierstrass representations for triply orthogonal and conformal coordinate systems in Euclidean and Lorentian 3-space. Our constructions include spacelike and timelike Lorentzian systems. We express the first and second fundamental forms and the mean and Gaussian curvatures for the three families of surfaces in each system in terms of the Weierstrass data. Specializing to conformal mappings, we determine the Weierstrass data for all triply conformal transformations, classically known as the generalized Mobius transformations.
Interanimating Black sexualities and the geography classroom

Why teach Black sexualities? How might Black lived sexualities provide students a more nuanced understanding of geography and place-making practices? The junctions of Blackness, sexuality, and plac...
Comparison of Computed Tomography Use and Mortality in Severe Pediatric Blunt Trauma at Pediatric Level I Trauma Centers Versus Adult Level 1 and 2 or Pediatric Level 2 Trauma Centers.

INTRODUCTION Computed tomography (CT) is the criterion standard for identifying blunt trauma injuries in pediatric patients, but there are long-term risks of CT exposure. In pediatric blunt trauma, multiple studies have shown that increased CT usage does not necessarily equate to improvements in mortality. The aim of this study was to compare CT usage between level 1 pediatric trauma centers versus level 2 pediatric centers and adult level 1 and 2 centers. METHODS We performed a retrospective, multicenter analysis of National Trauma Data Bank patient records from the single admission year of 2015. Eligible subjects were defined as younger than 18 years with abdominal or thoracic blunt trauma, had an Injury Severity Scale score of greater than 15, and were treated at a level 1 or 2 trauma center. Data were then compared between children treated at level 1 pediatric trauma centers (PTC group) versus level 2 PTCs or adult level 1/2 trauma centers (ATC group). The primary outcomes measured were rates of head, thoracic, abdominal CT, and mortality. Data from ATC and PTC groups were propensity matched for age, sex, race, and Glasgow Coma Scale. RESULTS There were 6242 patients after exclusion criteria. Because of differences in patient demographics, we propensity matched 2 groups of 1395 patients. Of these patients, 39.6% of PTC patients received abdominal CT versus 45.5% of ATC patients (P = 0.0017). Similarly, 21.9% of PTC patients received thoracic CT versus 34.7% of ATC patients (P < 0.0001). There was no difference in head CT usage between PTC and ATC groups (P = 1.0000). There was no significant difference in mortality between patients treated in the PTC versus ATC groups (P = 0.1198). CONCLUSIONS Among children with severe blunt trauma, patients treated at level 1 PTCs were less likely to receive thoracic and abdominal CTs than those treated at level 2 pediatric or adult trauma level 1/2 centers, with no significant differences in mortality. These findings support the use of selective imaging in severe blunt pediatric trauma.
Db2 event store: a purpose-built IoT database engine

The requirements of Internet of Things (IoT) workloads are unique in the database space. While significant effort has been spent over the last decade rearchitecting OLTP and Analytics workloads for the public cloud, little has been done to rearchitect IoT workloads for the cloud. In this paper we present IBM Db2 Event Store™, a cloud-native database system designed specifically for IoT workloads, which require extremely high-speed ingest, efficient and open data storage, and near real-time analytics. Additionally, by leveraging the Db2 SQL compiler, optimizer and runtime, developed and refined over the last 30 years, we demonstrate that rearchitecting for the public cloud doesn't require rewriting all components. Reusing components that have been built out and optimized for decades dramatically reduced the development effort and immediately provided rich SQL support and excellent run-time query performance.
Exploring the Sequence Space Contacted by the Ensemble of RNA-Binding Proteins

The findings presented in the preceding chapter demonstrate how the use of crosslinking and immunoprecipitation-based approaches combined with cutting-edge technologies such as next-generation sequencing and quantitative proteomics can yield valuable insights into the biological and mechanistic function of RNA-binding proteins.
A geometric investigation of the skeleton of CSG objects

Abstract : This document describes an algorithm for computing the skeleton (medial-axis surface) of an object defined using constructive solid geometry (CSG). This surface is the locus of all points in the object's interior that have equal minimum distance from at least two distinct parts of the boundary. The skeleton can be used in blending, motion planning, medical tomography, computer vision, and in mesh generation. The authors also present a geometric analysis of Voronoi surfaces from which the skeleton is composed. (kr)
Characteristics of Virulent, Attenuated, and Avirulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae Strains

Abstract Homologous pairs of virulent and attenuated or avirulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae strains were derived and compared in an effort to elucidate the mechanisms of virulence. These related strains were found to vary in growth, glycolysis, protein electrophoretic patterns, peroxide formation, morphology, and cytadsorption. Variations in the last two characteristics closely correlated with avirulence. This enables understanding of one stage in the pathogenic sequence and provides a convenient marker for avirulence. The derivation of infectious avirulent strains may make possible their use as live vaccines against M. pneumoniae disease.
Lessons in the Weird and Unexpected: Some Experiences from Checking Large Real Systems

This talk will draw on our efforts in using static analysis, model checking, and symbolic execution to find bugs in real code, both in academic and commercial settings. The unifying religion driving all these efforts has been: results matter more than anything. That which works is good, that which does not is not. While this worldview is simple, reality is not. I will discuss some what we learned in struggling with this mismatch.