cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multiple-layer flexible mesh template matching method for non-rigid registration between a pelvis model and CT images

A robust non-rigid registration method has been developed to deform a pelvis model to match with anatomical structures in a CT image. A statistical volumetric model is constructed from a collection of training CT datasets. The model is represented as a hierarchical tetrahedron. The prior information of both shape properties and density properties is incorporated in the model. The non-rigid registration process consists of three stages: affine transformation, global deformation, and local deformation. A multiple-layer flexible mesh template matching method is developed to adjust the location of each vertex on the model to achieve an optimal match with the anatomical structure. The mesh template is retrieved directly from the tetrahedral mesh structure, with multiple-layer structure for different scales of anatomical features and flexible searching sphere for robust template matching. An adaptive deformation focus strategy is adopted to gradually deform each vertesx to its matched destination. Several constraints are applied to guarantee the smoothness and continuity. A "leave-one-out" validation showed that the method can achieve about 94% volume overlap and 5.5% density error between the registered model and the ground truth model.
Canonical formalism for gauge theories with application to monopole

Abstract We develop a canonical formalism, using the method of Dirac brackets, which may be applied to classical Yang-Mills theories with 't Hooft-Polyakov type magnetic monopole solutions. We argue that the axial gauge, W 3 = 0, is superior to other common gauges. However, it is necessary to modify the conventional treatment of the axial gauge in order to avoid anomalous commutation relations among the transformations generated by the angular momentum. We discuss the implications for the quantum theory, including the appearance of fermion states in a field theory containing only Bose fields.
Egg Mortality After Gamma Irradiation of Adults of the Omnivorous Leaf Roller

The omnivorous leaf roller, Platynota stultana (Walsingham), which attacks both greenhouse and outdoor crops, is very difficult to control with insecticides. The possibility of developing a sterility technique led us to study its biology, rearing techniques for it, and the effects of gamma radiation upon it. This note deals with the radiation treatment of adults and the subsequent effects upon egg hatching.
Familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis revisited

A case of familial paroxysmal dystonic choreoathetosis (PDC) documented by video/EEG monitoring is described. The father of the proband is affected by exertional cramping but not PDC, lending support to the previous hypothesis that exertional cramping may represent a "forme fruste" or the incomplete expression of PDC. Other family members affected by PDC are women, with exercise-induced cramping alone found in two men. Two of the women report prolonged exertion as a precipitant of lengthy spells consistent with typical PDC rather than the previously described "intermediate," exercise-induced form of PDC. Exertional cramping in families affected by PDC may represent the variable expression of the "dystonia gene" in male members. Conversely, exercise-induced PDC, both of the intermediate and longer form described here, may have a predilection to manifest in women.
Noise exposure to airline ramp employees.

(2000). Case Studies Noise Exposure to Airline Ramp Employees. Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene: Vol. 15, No. 9, pp. 657-663.
Bidualizing triple systems

Let V=V0: be a vector space over a field F wit11 associated spaces of linear functionals V1, V2, V3, V4, Vj belonging to Hom (Vj -1,F).In this paper we generalize the procedure used to extend a binary product on V to one on V2,focusing here on the case where V is a triple system. As in the case of binary algebras we have a space [Vbreve] (called the closure of V), a subtriple system of V2 whlich satisfies the same multilinear identies as V. 1n paritcular, if V is a Jordan triple system and the characteristic of F is not two or three, then ˘ isalso a Jordan triple system; if V is a Lie triple system, then [Vbreve] is also a Lie triple system.
The ¹D-³S transition in atomic oxygen: A new method of measuring the O abundance in planetary thermospheres

The forbidden 2p4 ¹D - 3s ³So transition of atomic oxygen at 1641 A has been identified in the satellite dayglow spectrum of Huffman et al. (1980). By modelling the optically thick ³P - ³S 1304 A transition, a probability of 5.4 × 10−6 is determined for ³So atoms branching to the ¹D state rather than to the ³P ground state. The ratio of the 1641 A to 1304 A intensities is found to be a linear function of the atomic oxygen abundance; therefore the ratio can be used to determine the O concentration in optically thick planetary thermospheres.
Preparation, Characteristics, and Applications of High-Voltage Silicon Surface-Barrier Detectors

Surface-barrier detectors have been fabricated from high-resistivity (up to 20,000 ohm cm.) n-type silicon by means of a technique which allows them to be operated at large reverse-bias voltages without guard rings. Reaction protons of 17 Mev energy obtained from (d, p) reactions at the Argonne National Laboratory Tandem Van de Graaff accelerator have been stopped with a reverse bias of 700 volts on a detector made of 20,000 ohm cm. material. The detector area is 28 sq. mm., and it was cooled by means of a thermoelectric device described below. Under these conditions the measured energy resolution is 29 Kev for the protons, and the leakage current is 0.1 microampere. This detector operates satisfactorily at reverse biases up to 1800 volts. At this voltage its measured energy resolution for 1 Mev electrons is 35 Kev at room temperature, and its leakage current is 1.12 microamperes. Special precautions required when the detectors are used at accelerators are discussed. The methods used to form the inversion layers of these detectors and to protect their edges are discussed in some detail since it is necessary that the reverse bias be withstood with both low noise and low leakage current to obtain good energy resolution. The characteristics of some of these detectors have been observed for a period of two years, and conditions necessary for their stability with time are given. The detectors have also been tested in a vacuum of 2 x 10-6 mm.
The implications for cardiac recovery of left ventricular assist device support on myocardial collagen content

Background: To define the beneficial cellular changes that occur with chronic ventricular unloading, we determined the effect of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placement on myocardial fibrosis. Methods: We obtained paired myocardial samples (before and after LVAD implantation) from 10 patients (aged 43 to 64 years) with end-stage cardiomyopathy. We first determined regional collagen expression of an explanted heart by a computerized semiquantitative analysis of positive picro-sirius red stained areas. Results: We found that there was no statistically significant difference in collagen content between regions of the failed heart studied. Next we determined collagen content in these paired myocardial biopsies pre- and post-LVAD implantation. All 10 patients had significant reductions in collagen content after LVAD placement with a mean reduction of 82% (percent of tissue area stained decreased from 32% ± 4% to 4% ± 0.8%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: In summary, these data demonstrate that chronic mechanical circulatory support significantly reduces fibrosis in the failing myocardium.
Weak Inferential Internalism

Inferential internalism holds that for one to be inferentially justified in believing P on the basis of E one must be justified in believing that E makes probable P. Inferential internalism has long been accused of generating a vicious regress on inferential justification that has drastic skeptical consequences. However, recently Hookway and Rhoda have defended a more modest form of internalism that avoids this problem. They propose a form of weak inferential internalism according to which internalist conditions are restricted to only certain kinds of inferential justification. In this paper, I clarify and argue against weak internalism. I contend that while weak internalism avoids the vicious regress, it does so at the cost of compromising its internalist credentials. For I show that unless weak internalism makes an arbitrary distinction between individuals who believe for the very same reasons, the view collapses into externalism.
Effect of quadrupole moment on the phase behavior of binary mixtures containing ethene

Abstract Histogram-reweighting Monte Carlo simulations in the grand canonical ensemble are used to determine the effect of quadrupole moment on the phase behavior of binary mixtures containing ethene. Two united-atom force fields for ethene are developed, one with an explicit representation of the quadrupole moment via partial charges, the other without. Simulations demonstrate that the addition of an explicit quadrupole moment results in a slight improvement in the reproduction of pure ethene vapor–liquid equilibria. For mixtures of xenon/ethene, the predictions of simulation are also improved by the use of an explicit quadrupole moment. For CO 2 /ethane mixtures, however, the quadrupole explicit force field fails to predict the maximum pressure azeotrope found experimentally, while the force field without a quadrupole moment is in quantitative agreement with experiment. For n -butane/ethene mixtures the quadrupole moment has little effect on the predicted pressure composition behavior.
Diffusional effects in a radial-flow reactor with catalysis at the wall

Abstract An analysis is presented of the concentration profile occurring in a chemical reactor characterized by radial flow of a fluid between parallel disks. The reaction is the catalytic oxidation of ethylene on the metal disks and it proceeds at a constant rate because the reactor is essentially a differential reactor. The flow rate is slow enough that diffusion in the direction of flow has a critical effect on the concentration profile. The equation for diffusion in laminar flow is solved by perturbation method that under appropriate circumstances can be extended to other geometries and reactions and is useful in the analysis of reaction-rate data.
Material physical response in the extrusion process

Abstract The mechanical properties and surface quality of the extruded profiles depend on the final microstructure which has been developed during the extrusion process. The final microstructure is a result of a billet microstructure, material deformation history and post-processing treatment. In order to understand the role of the metal flow in the deformation history both physical and numerical process modelling techniques have been applied. Physical modeling of the extrusion process using modelling materials allows quick and inexpensive evaluation of the flow conditions through different die configurations. Additional information can be obtained from the crystallographic characterization of the typical deformation zone regions such as dead metal zone, main deformation zone and recrystallized zone on the billet-container interface. The electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique has been utilized to follow in detail the orientation aspects of the deformed grains in extruded aluminum. This analysis provides information which can be utilized in the die and process design to improve metal flow uniformity and therefore the microstructure of the final product. It also allows prevention of the typical extrusion defects like surface tearing.
Response by Bradley Thach.

Dr. Paviotti and his associates are to be commended for developing a program that intends to improve newborn infant safety while promoting mother–infant contact and breast feeding.1 I agree on the need to prove the effectiveness of this protocol as in my report a few infants, who died, had awake mothers and room visitors at the time. The scheduled observations may prove valuable, but an infant can become dangerously hypoxic when its airway is obstructed for only a few minutes. I agree that bed sharing should be discouraged.
Prediction of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solubility of Organic Compounds from Molecular Structure

A diverse data set of 58 compounds taken from the literature was used to create models for the prediction of the solubility of organic compounds in supercritical carbon dioxide. Descriptors encoding information about the topological, geometric, and electronic properties of each compound in the data set were calculated from the molecular structures. A multiple linear regression model containing seven descriptors was generated. Several new descriptors, which were not present in the original pool, were calculated. One of the new descriptors was used to create the final seven descriptor linear model, which had a better root mean square (rms) error than the original model. The seven descriptors that appeared in the final model were used to make a neural network model which had a significantly better rms error than the linear model.
Hydrothermal synthesis of polyoxotungstate clusters, surface-modified with M(II)-organonitrogen subunits

Abstract The hydrothermal reactions of Na2WO4·2H2O with secondary metal cation sources in the presence of an appropriate organonitrogen donor yield a series of molecular clusters. The compounds [Ni(bpy)3]1.5[Ni(bpy)2(H2O){H3W12O40}]·0.5H2O (1·0.5H2O), [{Ni(phen)2(H2O)}2{H4W12O40}]·4H2O (2·4H2O) and [{Cu(phen)2}4{H2W12O40}] [{Cu(phen)2}2{H2W12O40}]·3H2O (4·3H2O) are constructed from the α-metatungstate cluster [H2W12O40]6− core, covalently linked through oxo-bridges to secondary metal-organonitrogen ligand subunits. In the case of 1, the tungstate cluster is decorated by a single {Ni(bpy)2(H2O)}2+ subunit yielding an anionic bimetallic cluster, while in 2, two {Ni(phen)2(H2O)}2+ moieties are linked to the tungstate core to form a neutral bimetallic cluster. It is noteworthy that 4 is constructed of a cationic cluster, exhibiting a central tungstate core linked to four {Cu(phen)2}2+ units, and an anionic bimetallic polyoxoanion, featuring a tungstate core bonded to two {Cu(phen)2}2+ moieties. Compound 3, [{Cu(bpy)2}2W10O32]·2H2O (3·2H2O) consists of two {Cu(bpy)2}2+ subunits linked to the opposite sides of a decatungstate cluster, while compound 5 contains {Co(bpy)3}3+ cations and the common Keggin anion, [CoW12O40]6−.
VMT-Basilica: an environment for rapid prototyping of collaborative learning environments with dynamic support

In this interactive poster we demonstrate the VMT-Basilica environment that provides facilities for rapid prototyping of computer supported collaborative learning environments that support collaboration in a way that is responsive to what is happening in the collaboration rather than behaving in a "one size fits all fashion".
Differences in initial severity of illness between black and white emergency department patients hospitalized with heart failure.

Background Black patients hospitalized for heart failure have better reported short-term survival than white patients for unknown reasons. We sought to determine if initial severity of illness differed between black and white emergency department (ED) patients hospitalized for heart failure. Methods We analyzed 1,408 black and 7,260 white randomly selected patients in one state hospitalized from an ED during 2003 and 2004 and with a discharge diagnosis of heart failure. We used three validated clinical prediction rules to estimate severity of illness on admission. Results Black patients were younger than white patients (65.8 ± 14.8 vs 77.4 ± 11.5 years, P P Conclusions Black ED patients hospitalized with heart failure are younger, less severely ill on admission and less likely to experience short-term fatal and nonfatal outcomes than white patients. Our findings suggest a varying opportunity between black and white patients when considering alternative initial treatment strategies and sites of care.
Dynamics of personality test responses: The empiricist's manifesto revisited

This article revisits the classic empirical manifesto written by Meehl in 1945, and examines subsequent developments in structured personality assessment. The current status of personality assessment from an empirical-scale-development perspective is presented, with examples drawn from recent work on the MMPI-2. Meehl's heuristic defense of empirically based personality-scale construction was reexamined and the lasting influences of these views were highlighted. Meehl's early conceptualization of the relative unimportance of item content in personality-test construction and several alternative views were summarized, and Meehl's modified position was described. The role that test-taking attitudes can play in personality assessment was discussed in the 1945 article, and Meehl's views on the need for appraisal of invalidating conditions have been reaffirmed in contemporary test development. Finally, the so-called "dynamics" of a structured personality item response were discussed from a contemporary perspective, and some recent research was included to illustrate the continued importance of anchoring test interpretation in empirical correlates.
The uptake of gaseous organic nitrogen by leaves: A significant global nitrogen transfer process

[1] We report measurements of the uptake of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) by plant leaves at mixing ratios typical of the continental lower troposphere. PAN uptake rates between 20 and 55 pmol m−2 s−1 were measured in eight plant species at an atmospheric mixing ratio of 250 pptv. Uptake rates in all species were strongly controlled by the leaf stomatal aperture. Foliar PAN uptake has important implications for balancing global and regional N cycles. From our measurements, we estimate 3% of the global annual emission of NOx to the atmosphere could be removed by foliar uptake of PAN. Regionally, the deposition rate of PAN can be as much as 20% the rate of total N deposition.
Reproductive characteristics of zea mays L. plants produced from gamma-irradiated kernels*

Abstract Mature, dormant kernels (moisture content = 9·52 ± 0·12 per cent) of the single-eared single cross Wf9 × H55 were exposed to 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32, 36 and 40 kR of gamma irradiation. The reproductive characteristics of the plants produced from these kernels were measured. The aspects associated with pollen included fertilization ability, kernel set (dominant lethality), fertility, diameter, in vitro germination percentage, and in vitro pollen tube length. As indicated by statistical tests, only fertilization ability and in vitro germination percentage were altered by the irradiation treatments. Between 1 and 24 kR, fertilization ability was equal to or above that of 0 kR. Above 24 kR, fertilization ability was reduced so that at 40 kR the fertilization ability was about 75 per cent of 0 kR. The in vitro germination percentage was reduced with increasing dosage, so that at 40 kR the percentage was 75 per cent of 0 kR. Female fertility was the only aspect of female reproduction measured. Increasing doses uniformly decreased female fertility to a marked degree so that at 40 kR the female fertility was less than 10 per cent of 0 kR. In general the results indicated that pollen transmission was less affected by irradiation than female transmission.
Diagnosis of septal defects by the combined use of heart catheterization and selective cinecardioangiography.

Abstract Heart catheterization has been combined with selective cinecardioangiography as a single diagnostic procedure for definitive evaluation of congenital heart lesions. In practical application, the combined technic has proved to be no more hazardous than either conventional angiocardiography or right heart catheterization. An image intensifier has been used to permit high speed motion picture photography of the fluoroscopic image. Small quantities of contrast media, injected into either right or left heart chambers, have been photographed at rates of 54 frames per second to precisely define lesions of the cardiac septa. The technic of selective opacification of the left atrium and ventricle has been used to demonstrate: 1. (1) Patent foramen ovale. 2. (2) Uncomplicated atrial septal defect. 3. (3) Atrial septal defect and coexisting ventricular septal defect. 4. (4) Atrial septal defect with mitral regurgitation. 5. (5) Multiple ventricular septal defects. 6. (6) Single ventricle with regurgitation across a common A-V valve. 7. (7) Anomalous pulmonary venous drainage to the superior vena cava.
Immunization with Glycoprotein Subunits of Respiratory Syncytial Virus to Protect Cotton Rats Against Viral Infection

The cotton rat model of respiratory syncytial virus infection was used to study immunization with viral glycoproteins. Animals immunized with the purified attachment protein (G) or the fusion protein (F) developed complete pulmonary resistance, but only partial nasal resistance, to challenge with respiratory syncytial virus. Antibody produced to the G protein neutralized virus, whereas antibody to the F protein neutralized virus and also inhibited fusion of infected cells. There was no evidence of enhanced pulmonary pathology in any immunized group. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an enveloped RNA of the paramyxovirus group, is the leading
A digital calibration algorithm for implementing accurate on-chip resistors

A digital calibration algorithm that provides a systematic method for implementing accurate integrated resistors without compromising linearity or noise performance is described. The technique uses a single external resistor as a reference to implement multiple, different valued integrated resistors without requiring any accurate reference voltage. The algorithm provides a method to calibrate several on-chip resistors without replicating the calibration circuit, and it can achieve an arbitrary accuracy limited only by the external resistor's accuracy and mismatch errors. Terminations for two high speed wire line transceivers are implemented using the algorithm and simulations and measurements results show adequate performance across process, temperature, and supply voltage.
Antagonism of cocaine-induced fetal anomalies by prazosin and diltiazem in mice

Abstract Cocaine-induced uteroplacental and fetal vasoconstriction have been observed to cause fetal hypoxemia. The ability of cocaine to elevate norepinephrine (NE) levels has been proposed as one mechanism to explain the effect of cocaine on fetal development. Prazosin, a selective antagonist of alpha-1 adrenergic receptors, and diltiazem, a calcium channel blocker, were used to determine if antagonism of NE-induced vasoconstriction would reduce the effects of chronic cocaine administration on fetal development. The dose-response relationship of cocaine with fetal development was established in CF-1 mice by administering cocaine sc on days 5 to 18 of gestation followed by teratologic evaluation. Cocaine 2 mg/kg/day produced a significant incidence of fetal anomalies without significantly affecting food consumption or maternal and fetal weight gain. In subsequent experiments, prazosin (0.03, 0.3 mg/kg) or diltiazem (1.7, 5.1 mg/kg) were administered po 2 h prior to 2 mg/kg cocaine sc (gestation days 5 to 18) followed by teratologic evaluation. Diltiazem (5.1 mg/kg) produced a significant increase, whereas prazosin (0.3 mg/kg) produced a significant reduction, in the incidence of fetal anomalies compared with saline controls. While data from the pretreatment studies were inconclusive, comparisons between cocaine alone and the cocaine groups pretreated with the high doses of either prazosin or diltiazen seem worthy of further study with larger sample sizes.
Boundary conditions for open quantum systems driven far from equilibrium

This is a study of simple kinetic models of open systems, in the sense of systems that can exchange conserved particles with their environment. The system is assumed to be one dimensional and situated between two particle reservoirs. Such a system is readily driven far from equilibrium if the chemical potentials of the reservoirs differ appreciably. The openness of the system modifies the spatial boundary conditions on the single-particle Liouville---von Neumann equation, leading to a non-Hermitian Liouville operator. If the open-system boundary conditions are time reversible, exponentially growing (unphysical) solutions are introduced into the time dependence of the density matrix. This problem is avoided by applying time-irreversible boundary conditions to the Wigner distribution function. These boundary conditions model the external environment as ideal particle reservoirs with properties analogous to those of a blackbody. This time-irreversible model may be numerically evaluated in a discrete approximation and has been applied to the study of a resonant-tunneling semiconductor diode. The physical and mathematical properties of the irreversible kinetic model, in both its discrete and its continuum formulations, are examined in detail. The model demonstrates the distinction in kinetic theory between commutator superoperators, which may become non-Hermitian to describe irreversible behavior, and anticommutator superoperators, which remain Hermitian and are used to evaluate physical observables.
Looking for love in all the wrong places: Accessing sexual and reproductive health information via the Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature

Abstract The Readers' Guide to Periodical Literature has been described as a cultural barometer. It supports scholars of history and culture by providing access to ideas circulated via the mass media in earlier times, but its own coverage and indexing practices also reveal attitudes and values toward issues of the time. The Progressive Era (1900–1924) coincides with the founding and growth of the Readers' Guide . Examining how the Readers' Guide directed readers' attention to matters of sexual and reproductive health in its first quarter century demonstrates changes in social attitudes and has implications for scholarly work. The array of index terms required to locate information on this topic indicates both barriers to information access for contemporary readers as well as challenges for present-day scholars concerned with recovering information of the era.
Neonatal ethanol produces cerebellar deep nuclear cell loss and correlated disruption of eyeblink conditioning in adult rats.

Binge-like neonatal exposure to ethanol (EtOH) in rats, during the period of brain development comparable to that of the human third trimester, produces significant, dose-dependent Purkinje cell loss in the cerebellum and deficits in eyeblink classical conditioning. There are currently no published reports of whether neuronal loss in the cerebellar deep nuclei also results from binge-like neonatal exposure to EtOH and what the functional consequences of any cell loss might be. Since eyeblink conditioning requires cerebellar deep nuclear cells for normal learning to occur, we examined the effects of binge-like neonatal EtOH exposure on the total number of deep nuclear cells and eyeblink conditioning in adult rats. Group Ethanol (n=11) received EtOH doses of 5.25 g/kg/day on postnatal days 4-9, producing average peak blood alcohol concentrations of 363 mg/dl. Group Sham Intubated (n=11) underwent acute intragastric intubation on postnatal days 4-9 but did not receive any EtOH infusions. Group Unintubated Control (n=10) did not receive any intubations. When rats were at least 3 months old, they received either paired eyeblink conditioning or unpaired training. Following training, estimates of the total number of cerebellar deep nuclear cells were obtained using the optical fractionator, an unbiased stereological counting procedure. Rats in Group Ethanol had approximately 50% fewer deep nuclear cells compared to rats in Groups Sham Intubated and Unintubated Control, which did not differ. For 21 rats that received paired eyeblink conditioning, a highly significant correlation (+0.80) was found between the number of deep nuclear cells and learning rate in eyeblink conditioning.
ATMOSPHERIC DUST CONTENT AS A FACTOR AFFECTING GLACIATION AND CLIMATIC CHANGE1

Solar radiation records and firn layers in glaciers indicate increasing atmospheric dust content which might significantly alter climate. In some mountain ranges, glaciers have degraded even during periods of temperature decreases. This indicates decreasing albedos with increasing dustiness of glacial surfaces.
Nonideal Adsorption Equilibria Described by Pure Component Isotherms and Virial Mixture Coefficients

A novel method is used to describe adsorption equilibria of nonideal mixtures. The two-dimensional virial equation of state is reorganized so that contributions of single components are separated from those of mixed components. Existing single component adsorption isotherm equations, which describe pure component data better and with fewer parameters than a truncated virial series, are substituted for the pure component terms. The remaining equation of state then contains terms corresponding to the pure component isotherms and terms with virial cross-coefficients for the mixture. The method is applied first to a mixture of Langmuirian adsorbates to demonstrate a sound thermodynamic and mathematical basis. We then consider nonideal binary and ternary mixtures of carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and propane on H-mordenite and a highly nonideal mixture of n-hexane and water on activated carbon.
Cubic isoparametric rolling/traveling finite elements

Abstract In this paper, the development and formulation of a new cubic isoparametric rolling/travelling finite element is described. The element can be used to simulate the dyanamic response of steadily rolling/traveling viscoelastic structures without the necessity of numerical time integration of the governing equations. Due to its higher order shape function, the element can more accurately simulate both the inertia and viscoelastic effects associated with rolling/traveling structures than currently available lower order moving elements. To illustrate the capabilities of the new cubic element, comparisons with exact and lower order generated results are presented.
Studies on the distribution and chemical properties of the bound lipids of the human aorta.

Summary The composition and chemical properties of the bound lipids of the aorta were investigated with the aid of thin-layer, column and gas-liquid chromatography. The results indicated that the involved and uninvolved intimal tissue contained appreci-able percentages of “bound lipids”, and that these bound lipids contained a high percentage of stearic acid. The isolated bound lipids appear to be the lipid associated with ceroid pigment. The available evidence supports the suggestion that the bound lipids were combined with protein and that such bound lipids may be bound as “ceroid pigments” which may have their origin in oxidized denatured lipoproteins.
A methodology for formulating measuring instrument specifications

Abstract The use of comprehensive specifications is established practice in the engineering industry. However, the preparation of these specifications is considered a specialist task requiring a high level of skill together with considerable knowledge and experience, not only of the items under consideration, but also of the specification process. This paper commences by examining the human specification creation process and discusses how it can be systematised into an algorithm, applicable to either manual or computer-assisted measuring instrument requirements specification formulation. The body of the paper provides the necessary guidelines and background information to exercise this algorithm manually.
An Aerodynamic Assessment of Micro-Drag Generators (MDGs)

Commercial transports as well as fighter aircraft of the future are being designed with very low drag (friction and pressure). Concurrently, commuter airports are being built or envisioned to be built in the centers of metropolitan areas where shorter runways and/or reduced noise footprints on takeoff and landing are required. These requirements and the fact that drag is lower on new vehicles than on older aircraft have resulted in vehicles that require a large amount of braking force (from landing-gear brakes, spoilers, high-lift flaps, thrust reversers, etc.). Micro-drag generators (MDGs) were envisioned to create a uniformly distributed drag force along a vehicle by forcing the flow to separate on the aft-facing surface of a series of deployable devices, thus, generating drag. The devices are intended to work at any speed and for any type of vehicle (aircraft, ground vehicles, sea-faring vehicles). MDGs were applied to a general aviation wing and a representative fuselage shape and tested in two subsonic wind tunnels. The results showed increases in drag of 2 to 6 times that of a "clear" configuration.
A digital impulse noise removal filter

Sensitive absorption measurements may be contaminated by the presence of particulates in the sample. Scattering by these particles can generate impulse noise (spikes) on the spectrum. This problem is especially serious in spectroscopy with a focused laser source, since the laser probes a small cross section of the sample. Often, this noise ruins an otherwise usable spectrum. If the data are stored digitally, however, it is often possible to remove noise spikes from a spectrum numerically. The commonly used smooth method of Savitzky and Golay does a poor job of removing these spikes. Since they are isolated and unidirectional errors, the smooth method simply transforms them to the impulse response of the filter function itself. Similarly, other low pass digital filters will also transform spikes into bands which may interfere with the analysis of real spectral features.
Multiple, but not acute, infusions of cocaine alter the release of prolactin in male rats.

Hypothalamic dopamine tonically inhibits the release of prolactin (PRL) from the anterior pituitary gland. Cocaine, in turn, alters dopaminergic transmission. We compared the effects of acute and repeated injections of cocaine on the release of PRL in male rats to assess whether cocaine could affect dopaminergically mediated hormonal responses. We found that the concentration of PRL in plasma was not affected by single i.v. injections of 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg of cocaine. However, in rats infused repeatedly with 1 mg/kg of cocaine for 5 s every 12 min for 2 h over 10 days, the pre-infusion concentrations of PRL increased in a time-dependent manner whereas cocaine uniformly decreased post-infusion levels of PRL. Repeated administration of cocaine may produce long-term changes in either the tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neurons or the adenohypophysial dopamine D2-receptors, or both. Changes in the peripheral concentration of PRL after multiple injections of cocaine and during cocaine withdrawal may reflect dopaminergic activity in the hypothalamus. In contrast, single injections of cocaine increased adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in a dose-dependent manner whereas repeated infusions did not increase peripheral concentrations of ACTH or corticosterone. It seems that repeated injections of cocaine do not result in persistent changes in the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Pressure measurements in the normal and occluded rabbit maxillary sinus

Occlusion of the maxillary ostium is considered to be a key factor in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis. In this study, the authors determined the effect of ostial occlusion on pressure in the rabbit maxillary sinus which, like most humans, has only one ostium. We compared pressures in the normal and occluded maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity during spontaneous breathing in anesthetized adult animals. Serial pressure measurements were obtained from sinuses with patent ostia in nasal-breathing rabbits and with occluded ostia in both nasal-breathing and tracheotomized animals. Sinuses with patent ostia showed pressure curves synchronous with the respiratory cycle. Inspiratory and expiratory pressures in the nasal cavity and the sinus were isobaric. Sinuses with occluded ostia initially developed a positive pressure followed by a negative pressure that reached a subatmospheric plateau of-28.2 ± 7.3 mm H 2 O (mean ± standard deviation [SD]) within 20 to 50 minutes. This is the first quantitative study of sinus pressures using the rabbit as an animal model. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of the role of ostial occlusion in the pathogenesis of maxillary sinusitis in humans.
The norm map for ordinary abelian varieties

In this paper we present an appreciable simplification of the proof of an important result of Barry Mazur. Let K be a finite extension of Q, with residue class field k. Let A be a d-dimensional Abelian variety over K with good ordinary reduction and let u be a twist matrix of A (the precise definition of u will be given in Section 1). Suppose L is a totally ramified &-extension of K and let M&A(L) be the intersection of the groups NKnlKA(Kn) h w ere KC K, CL and [K, : K] = p”. Then we have an exact sequence
A Re-Examination of Subjective Components of Community Satisfaction in a British New Town

Summary The scalability and dimensionality of the Community Satisfaction Scale were re-examined for a second sample (N = 412) drawn from a British new town after an interval of eight years. The results suggest that both the domain and structure of community satisfaction were malleable and subject to change within a given population, not just between populations. They also provide continued support for the sociocultural approach to human-environment interaction.
Zonarene, a sesquiterpene from the brown seaweed Dictyopteris zonarioides

The major hydrocarbon component of the brown seaweed Dictyopteris zonarioides, zonarene, has been isolated and identified as the first C15H24 conjugated diene sesquiterpene of the cadanane type.
Increasing the accuracy of electromagnetic inverses using functional area source correlation constraints.

r r Abstract: Estimating cortical current distributions from electroencephalographic (EEG) or magnetoen- cephalographic data is a difficult inverse problem whose solution can be improved by the addition of priors on the associated neural responses. In the context of visual activation studies, we propose a new approach that uses a functional area constrained estimator (FACE) to increase the accuracy of the reconstructions. It derives the source correlation matrix from a segmentation of the cortex into areas defined by retinotopic maps of the visual field or by functional localizers obtained independently by fMRI. These areas are computed once for each individual subject and the associated estimators can therefore be reused for any new study on the same participant. The resulting FACE reconstructions emphasize the activity of sources within these areas or enforce their intercorrelations. We used realistic Monte-Carlo simulations to demonstrate that this approach improved our estimates of a diverse set of source configurations. Reconstructions obtained from a real EEG dataset demonstrate that our priors improve the localization of the cortical areas involved in horizontal disparity processing. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2694-2713, 2012. V C 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assignment of position-specific error probability to primary DNA sequence data

DNA sequence predicted from polyacrylamide gel-based technologies is inaccurate because of variations in the quality of the primary data due to limitations of the technology, and to sequence-specific variations due to nucleotide interactions within the DNA molecule and with the gel. The ability to recognize the probability of error in the primary data will be useful in reconstructing the target sequence of a DNA sequencing project, and in estimating the accuracy of the final sequence. This paper describes the use of linear discriminant analysis to assign position-specific probabilities of incorrect, over- and under-prediction of nucleotides for each predicted nucleotide position in primary sequence data generated by a gel-based DNA sequencing technology. Using this method, most of the error potential in primary sequence data can be assigned to a limited number of discrete positions. The use of probability values in the sequence reconstruction process, and in estimating the accuracy of consensus sequence determination is described.
Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid metastatic to the temporal bone

We report a case of proven thyroid medullary carcinoma, metastatic to the temporal bone. Review of the otolaryngology literature demonstrates that this is the first such report. The patient presented with symptoms, physical examination, and imaging studies suggestive of a glomus jugulare tumour. The pre-operative diagnosis of metastatic thyroid medullary carcinoma, however, was made, based on a history of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with previous metastases as well as an elevation in calcitonin levels. Histological examination of the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis.
Effects of Occupational Licensing Laws on Minorities: Evidence from the Progressive Era

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of occupational licensing regulation on the representation of minority workers in a range of skilled and semiskilled occupations. We take advantage of a quasi experiment afforded by the introduction of state‐level licensing regulation during the late nineteenth and mid‐twentieth centuries to identify the effects of licensing on female and black workers. We find that licensing laws seldom harmed minority workers. In fact, licensing often helped minorities, particularly in occupations for which information about worker quality was difficult to ascertain.
Studies on tubercle bacillus-histiocyte relationship. V. Passive transfer of cellular resistance.

Studies of passive transfer of cellular resistance, as manifested by refractoriness to necrotization with virulent tubercle bacilli, have shown that immune histiocytes or immune lymphocytes were effective transferring agents; immune polymorphonuclear leucocytes and immune serum as well as comparable cells from normal animals lacked this capacity. Comparisons of immune histiocytes and immune lymphocytes showed that the former cells were more efficient; this was indicated by (a) the smaller numbers of immune histiocytes needed for passive transfer, (b) the longer duration of cellular resistance in recipients given histiocytes than in those given lymphocytes, (c) the greater capacity of histiocytes to effect serial passive transfer, and (d) the ability of histiocytic but not lymphocytic lysates to transfer cellular resistance. Experiments to establish the mechanism of passive transfer of cellular resistance showed that there was no active induction of resistance in recipients through transfer of bacillary antigens contained in immune histiocytes; in fact, the results of serial passive transfers with immune histiocytes suggested an active replication of the "cell resistance factor."
Responding in Their Best Interests Contextualizing Women’s Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression

Using an investigation of 202 college women who completed a survey about coping with sexual aggression from a known male assailant, the authors examined assailant behaviors, along with women's victimization history, alcohol use, positive relationship expectancies, and sexual assertiveness, to clarify how these factors shape women's responses to acquaintance sexual aggression. Multivariate regression analyses showed that these factors and assailant actions accounted uniquely and cumulatively for women's responding. Rape avoidance and resistance training programs can benefit by using a two-pronged approach: by targeting factors that impede and promote women's assertion and by helping women anticipate and respond to assailant actions.
Reengineering object-oriented code

In this paper, we describe the reengineering of a deteriorated object-oriented industrial program written in C++. The main problem of the program was misplaced code, most often functions that were members of the wrong class. In order to deal with this problem, we designed and implemented several restructuring tools and used them in specific reengineering scenarios. We also discuss how this set of tools could be enhanced in the future, and the importance of restructuring for object-oriented software maintenance.
Bioequivalent antiepileptic drug switching and the risk of seizure-related events.

Summary Background Older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are known to have a narrow therapeutic index. As a consequence, switching between bioequivalent AEDs remains controversial in the management of epilepsy. We investigated the association between A-rated switching of each class of currently available AED and emergent treatment for a seizure-related event. Methods We used a case–control method and claims data from the 2010 to 2011 Truven Health MarketScan ® Commercial Claims Database to estimate the risk of seizure following a medication switch. Cases and controls with an epilepsy diagnosis were identified by emergency/inpatient or outpatient visit claims, respectively. Cases and controls ( N =9110) were matched 1:1 by age, epilepsy diagnosis category and seizure medication. The exposure was defined as a switch between A-rated AEDs during the 90 days prior to index date. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate the association, adjusting for gender, baseline Deyo–Charlson Comorbidity Index (0, 1, 2, or 3+), region (Northeast, Central, South, and West), and total AED medications. Results A switch between A-rated AEDs occurred in 1053 (23.2%) cases and 827 (18.1%) matched controls. The unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios of a seizure-related event for switching were 1.38 (95% CI: 1.25–1.52) and 1.27 (95% CI: 1.14–1.41), respectively. The independent risk of an event also increased with each category increase in the Charlson score (CCI=1: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02–1.33; CCI=2: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.09–1.62; CCI=3+: 1.99, 95% CI: 1.64–2.41). Older AEDs had infrequent switches compared to newer agents and were not associated with events. Discussion We found a modest association between AED switching and seizure-related events. Our analysis suggests that the behavior of switching alone may lead to seizure-related events regardless of the medication or type of switch. Other disease or environmental characteristics may contribute to this association. Based on these and other findings, health care professionals and patients should be cautious about switching bioequivalent AEDs.
The emotionally disturbed child psychiatry trainee.

All the child psychiatry programs in the United States were surveyed by a questionnaire. Basic demographic data and information concerning problem trainees were obtained for virtually all of the fellows during the academic year 1980–1981. Eight percent of the fellows were judged by their training directors to have significant emotional disturbance and another 7% were judged to have experienced "other" difficulties. Risk factors are identified and discussed. A concluding discussion focuses on identifying and coping with the problem trainee.
The Effect of Compressive Load on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack Performance and Behavior

A two-dimensional model of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is developed. Taking advantage of the geometrical periodicity of the stack, the model is used to predict the detailed thermal and electrochemical characteristics of the fuel cell. Using recently reported as well as new experimental results, the electrical and thermal contact resistances and modifications in the gas diffusion layer transport properties that develop within the stack in response to changes in the compressive force used to assemble the stack are accounted for. The fuel cell stack performance, reported in terms of its power output and internal temperature distributions, is very sensitive to the compressive load.