cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A second genetic variant on chromosome 15q24-25.1 associates with lung cancer.

A common variant on chromosomal region 15q24-25.1, marked by rs1051730, was found to be associated with lung cancer risk. Here, we attempted to confirm the second variant on 15q24-25.1 in several large sporadic lung cancer populations and determined what percentage of additional risk for lung cancer is due to the genetic effect of the second variant. SNPs rs1051730 and rs481134 were genotyped in 2,818 lung cancer cases and 2,766 controls from four populations. Joint analysis of these two variants (rs1051730 and rs481134) on 15q24-25.1 identified three major haplotypes (G_T, A_C, and G_C) and provided stronger evidence for association of 15q24-25.1 with lung cancer ( P = 9.72 × 10 −9 ). These two variants represent three levels of risk associated with lung cancer. The most common haplotype G_T is neutral; the haplotype A_C is associated with increased risk for lung cancer with 5.0% higher frequency in cases than in controls [ P = 1.68 × 10 −7 ; odds ratio (OR), 1.24; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.14–1.35]; whereas the haplotype G_C is associated with reduced risk for lung cancer with 4.4% lower frequency in cases than in controls ( P = 7.39 × 10 −7 ; OR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.73–0.87). We further showed that these two genetic variants on 15q24-25.1 independently influence lung cancer risk (rs1051730: P = 4.42 × 10 −11 ; OR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.46–1.74; rs481134: P = 7.01 × 10 −4 ; OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.72–0.92). The second variant on 15q24-25.1, marked by rs481134, explains an additional 13.2% of population attributable risk for lung cancer. Cancer Res; 70(8); 3128–35. ©2010 AACR.
Small-Molecule Mediated Neuroprotection in an In Situ Model of Tauopathy

Small-molecule inhibitors of neurofibrillary lesion formation may have utility for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and certain forms of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. These lesions are composed largely of tau protein, which aggregates to form intracellular fibrils in affected neurons. Previously it was shown that chronic overexpression of human tau protein within identified neurons (anterior bulbar cells) of the sea lamprey induced a phenotype-resembling tauopathic neurodegeneration, including the formation of tau filaments, fragmentation of dendritic arbors, and eventual cell death. Development of this neurodegenerative phenotype was blocked by chronic administration of a benzothiazole derivative termed N3 ((E)-2-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]azo]-6-methoxybenzothiazole) to lamprey aquaria. Here we examined the mechanism of action of N3 and an alkene analog termed N4 ((E)-2-[2-[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]ethenyl]-6-methoxybenzothiazole) in vitro and in the lamprey model. Results showed that although both compounds entered the lamprey central nervous system, only N3 arrested tauopathy. On the basis of in vitro aggregation assays, neither compound was capable of directly inhibiting tau filament formation. However, N3, but not N4, was capable of partially antagonizing the binding of Thioflavin S to synthetic tau filaments. The results suggest that occupancy of N3-binding sites on nascent tau filaments may significantly retard the progressive degeneration accompanying tau overexpression in lamprey.
Nonclassical Intensity Correlations in Cavity QED

We report nonclassical correlations in the light transmitted by a collection of two-level atoms strongly coupled to a single mode of the electromagnetic field of a driven optical cavity. This cavity QED system can produce bunched light that violates the Schwarz inequality due to the state preparation of the system from the detection of a photon. The correlation function shows oscillations at a frequency that decreases with increasing intensity.
Emerging concept of cancer as a stem cell disorder

Evidence has accumulated that malignancy arises from maturation arrest of stem cells — rather than the dedifferentiation of somatic cells. To support this notion, stem cells in contrast to somatic cells are long lived cells and thus may become the subject of accumulating mutations that are crucial for the initiation/progression of cancer. More importantly they may maintain these mutations and pass them to daughter stem cells. Cancer stem cells (CSC) that derive from transformed normal stem cells (NSC) are responsible not only for tumor initiation, but also for its re-growth and metastasis. Accumulating evidence also indicates that adult tissues may contain a population of very small embryonic like (VSEL) stem cells that may give rise to some very immature tumors e.g., pediatric sarcomas. Similar molecular mechanisms operating in NSC and CSC regulate resistance to radio-chemotherapy and promote migration/metastasis. Thus, by studying the biology of NSC we can learn more about cancer.
Chiroptoglyphus, a new genus of mites associated with bats with comments on the family Rosensteiniidae (Acari: Astigmata)

Abstract A new genus and species of Rosensteiniidae, Chiroptoglyphus americanus, are described from North American bats. This genus is made the basis for the new subfamily CHIROPTOGLYPHINAE. Nycteriglyphus bulgaricus Dusbabek is transferred to Chiroptoglyphus. Chiroptoglyphus americanus males are very different from females, having greatly enlarged legs I; this development is subject to allometric growth and not a result of andropoly-morphism. The species inhabits the fur of hibernating bats where it feeds, molts and reproduces; it is not dependent on guano as are nycteriglyphine species. The systematic position of the Rosensteiniidae is discussed and a new definition of the family and key to genera are presented.
Multi-hour, multi-traffic class network design for VP-based wide-area dynamically reconfigurable ATM networks

The virtual path (VP) concept has been gaining attention in terms of effective deployment of ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks in recent years. In this paper, we discuss a multi-hour, multi-traffic class network (capacity) design model for providing specified quality-of-service in dynamically reconfigurable ATM networks. Our approach is based on statistical multiplexing of traffic within a traffic class by using a virtual path for the class and deterministic multiplexing of different virtual paths, and on providing dynamic bandwidth and reconfigurability through the virtual path concept depending on traffic load during the course of the day. We show that, for test problems based on realistic network data, our approach does between 6% to 20% better than a local shortest path heuristic in terms of network cost. We also show that considering network dynamism through variation of traffic during the course of a day by doing dynamic bandwidth and virtual path reconfiguration can save between 10% to 14% in network design costs compared to a static network based on maximum busy hour traffic.
Patient Outcomes According to Adherence to Treatment Guidelines for Rhythm Control of Atrial Fibrillation

Background Although guidelines for antiarrhythmic drug therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF) were published in 2006, it remains uncertain whether adherence to these guidelines affects patient outcomes. Methods and Results We retrospectively evaluated the records of 5976 consecutive AF patients who were prescribed at least 1 antiarrhythmic drug between 2006 and 2013. Patients with 1 or more prescribed antiarrhythmic drugs that did not comply with guideline recommendations comprised the non–guideline‐directed group (=2920); the remainder constituted the guideline‐directed group (=3056). Time to events was assessed using the survival analysis method and adjusted for covariates using Cox regression. Rates of adherence to the guidelines increased significantly with a higher degree of prescriber specialization in arrhythmias (49%, 55%, and 60% for primary care physicians, general cardiologists, and cardiac electrophysiologists, respectively, P =0.001) for the first prescribed antiarrhythmic drug. Compared to the non–guideline‐directed group, the guideline‐directed group had higher rates of heart failure, but lower baseline CHADS2‐VASc scores ( P <0.001) and lower rates of coronary artery disease, valvular disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, pulmonary disease, and renal insufficiency ( P <0.05 for all). During 45±26 months follow‐up, the guideline‐directed group had a lower risk of AF recurrence (hazard ratio=0.86, 95% CI=0.80 to 0.93), fewer hospital admissions for AF (hazard ratio=0.87, 95% CI=0.79 to 0.97), and fewer procedures for recurrent AF, including electrical cardioversion, pacemaker implantation, and atrioventricular nodal ablation ( P <0.01 for all). The mortality and stroke risks were similar between the groups. Conclusions Adherence to published guidelines in the antiarrhythmic management of AF is associated with improved patient outcomes.
ESR of the P3− radical: establishment of the electronic ground state

Abstract The electron-spin-resonance (ESR) spectra of the P3− radical (D3h symmetry) in its X 3 A 2 ′ ground state have been observed in solid neon and argon matrices at 4 K. It is produced during laser-vaporization of solid GaP and is presumably the result of trapping the ionic GaP3 molecule. The analysis is in accord with earlier theoretical studies.
Genetic homogeneity among Listeria monocytogenes strains from infected patients and meat products from two geographic locations determined by phenotyping, ribotyping and PCR analysis of virulence genes

Thirty Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human patients and foods originated from two different geographic locations without any epidemiological relations were analyzed for their genotypic and phenotypic virulence gene expressions and genetic relatedness. All strains contained virulence genes, inlA, inlB, actA, hlyA, plcA and plcB, with expected product size in PCR assay except for the actA gene. Some strains produced actA gene product of 268 and others 385 bp. Phenotypically, all were hemolytic but showed variable expressions of phospholipase activity. Ribotyping classified isolates into 12 different groups based on the similarity to DuPont Identification numbers (DID), which consisted primarily of clinical or food isolates or both. Cluster analysis also indicated possible existence of clones of L. monocytogenes that are found in food or human hosts or are evenly distributed between these two. Two isolates (F1 from food and CHL1250 from patient) had unique ribotype patterns that were not previously reported in the RiboPrinter database. This study indicates distribution of diverse L. monocytogenes strains in clinical and food environments. The isolates showed 92-99% genetic homogeneity, in spite of their origins from two different geographic locations and environments.
Increased in vitro differentiation of fibrocytes from keloid patients is inhibited by serum amyloid P

Keloid scarring is a form of fibroproliferative dermal wound healing characterized by growth beyond the confines of the original wound. Fibrocytes, derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and inhibited by serum amyloid P (SAP), have been linked to other fibroproliferative diseases. We hypothesized that peripheral blood mononuclear cells of keloid formers have a higher propensity to differentiate into fibrocytes and are more resistant to the effects of SAP. To test this hypothesis, plasma was isolated from peripheral blood samples of keloid (n = 10) and age/sex/race-matched control (n = 10) subjects, and SAP levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Equal numbers of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were also isolated from these samples and fibrocytes cultured in serum-free media with increasing concentrations of SAP. No difference in plasma SAP levels was found between keloid and control subjects. In the absence of SAP, keloid patients (n = 7) had almost 20 times more fibrocytes than controls (n = 7) in culture (median: 1,087 cells vs. 60 cells; p < 0.01). SAP inhibited the differentiation of keloid fibrocytes in vitro, although a higher concentration of SAP was needed when compared with controls (20 μg/mL keloid vs. 5 μg/mL control). Fibrocytes may contribute to the pathogenesis of keloids, and SAP has potential as a therapeutic agent in the prevention of these lesions.
Asymptomatic carotid stenosis: What we can learn from the next generation of randomized clinical trials

Stroke remains an exceedingly incident and prevalent public health burden across the globe, with an estimated 16 million new strokes per annum and prevalence over 60 million, and extracranial internal carotid artery atherosclerotic disease is an important risk factor for stroke. Randomized trials of surgical treatment were conducted (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial, European Carotid Surgery Trial) and demonstrated efficacy of carotid endarterectomy for secondary prevention of stroke in patients with cerebrovascular events (e.g. ipsilateral stroke, transient ischemic attack, and/or amaurosis fugax) attributable to a diseased artery with 50–99% stenosis. Therapeutic clarity, however, proved elusive with asymptomatic carotid artery disease. Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study (ACAS), Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial, and Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study (VACS) suggested only modest benefit from surgical intervention for primary stroke prevention and the best medical therapy at the time of these trials is not comparable to modern medical therapy. ACT-1, Asymptomatic Carotid Surgery Trial-2, Stent-Protected Angioplasty in asymptomatic Carotid artery stenosis versus Endarterectomy Trial-2, European Carotid Surgery Trial-2, Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy Versus Stenting Trial-2 are trials that are recent, ongoing, or in development that include diverse populations across Europe and North America, complementary trial designs, and a collaborative spirit that should provide clinicians with evidence that informs best clinical practice for asymptomatic carotid artery disease.
Performance limitations of block-multithreaded distributed-memory systems

The performance of modern computer systems is increasingly often limited by long latencies of accesses to the memory subsystems. Instruction-level multithreading is an architectural approach to tolerating such long latencies by switching instruction threads rather than waiting for the completion of memory operations. The paper studies performance limitations in distributed-memory block multithreaded systems and determines conditions for such systems to be balanced. Event-driven simulation of a timed Petri net model of a simple distributed-memory system confirms the derived performance results.
Variability of response duration during punishment.

Three rats were first trained to make a bar-press-release response for regular reinforcement and then exposed to 22 sessions of concurrent reinforcement-electric shock punishment. The variability o...
A new algorithm for the formation of ISAR images

A new technique for implementing the enhanced image processing (EIP) algorithm for the formation of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images is presented. The EIP algorithm is required when, during the formation of an image, scattering centers on a target move out of range and/or Doppler resolution cells. This phenomenon is common for high resolution imagery of practical-sized targets. The method presented is based entirely on the fast Fourier transform (FFT) and therefore does not require the interpolation schemes that are prevalent in the standard EIP implementation. A brief review of the theory of radar imaging is presented to establish the notation for the work. Following the presentation of the new algorithm, a simple example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new technique. In addition work is presented that demonstrates the processing required to reduce the sidelobes in imagery generated by the EIP technique.
A new class of nonlinear filters for image enhancement

Two types of very simple two-dimensional nonlinear filters are introduced and applied to image contrast enhancement. The first type is based on a generalization of the Teager's algorithm. A theoretical analysis has shown that this type of nonlinear filter works like a local-mean-weighted highpass filter. Based on this analysis, a second type of nonlinear filter has been developed which works like local-mean-weighted bandpass filter. The proposed image contrast enhancement technique is based on combining the original image with its filtered version obtained using one of the two nonlinear filters. Very high quality enhancement has been achieved for natural images. >
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients: Impact and Implications for Management

Tuberculosis is a serious opportunistic infection in transplant recipients. On the basis of the compilation of published reports in the literature, the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in organ transplant recipients worldwide ranged from 0.35% to 15%. Nonrenal transplantation (P = .004), rejection within 6 months before the onset of tuberculosis (P = .02) and type of primary immunosuppressive regimen (P = .007) were predictors of M. tuberculosis infection occurring within 12 months after transplantation. Thirty-three percent (155) of 476 transplant patients with tuberculosis had disseminated infection; receipt of OKT3 or anti-T cell antibodies (P = .005) was a significant predictor of disseminated tuberculosis. Overall, the mortality rate among 499 patients was 29%; disseminated infection (P = .0003), prior rejection (P = .006), and receipt of OKT3 or anti-T cell antibodies (P = .0013) were significant predictors of mortality in patients with tuberculosis. Clinically significant hepatotoxicity due to isoniazid occurred in 2.5%, 4.5%, and 41% of renal, heart and lung, and liver transplant recipients, respectively. The diagnosis and effective management of tuberculosis after transplantation warrant recognition of the unique epidemiological and clinical characteristics of tuberculosis in transplant recipients.
Infant formula-handling education and safety

OBJECTIVES. Our goal was to assess the extent to which mothers learn about proper handling of infant formula from health professionals and package labels; mothers9 beliefs about the likelihood of germs being in infant formula and the importance of following safe-use directions; whether they take measures while handling infant formula to prevent foodborne illnesses and injury to their infants; and maternal characteristics associated with unsafe infant formula–handling practices. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS. The study cohort consisted of mothers participating in the 2005–2007 Infant Feeding Practices Study II who fed their infant formula. We conducted frequency and multiple logistic regression analyses. Sample sizes for the analyses ranged from 860 to 1533. RESULTS. The majority of formula-feeding mothers did not receive instruction on formula preparation (77%) or storage (73%) from a health professional. Thirty percent did not read some of the safe-use directions on the formula package label; an approximately equal percentage (38%) thought that both powdered (which is not sterile) and ready-to-feed (which is sterile) formula were unlikely to contain germs; and 85% believed that following safe-storage directions was very important. Among the mothers of the youngest infants analyzed, 55% did not always wash their hands with soap before preparing infant formula, 32% did not adequately wash bottle nipples between uses, 35% heated formula bottles in a microwave oven, and 6% did not always discard formula left standing for >2 hours. The prevalence of these unsafe practices was similar among mothers of older infants. No consistent pattern of maternal characteristics was associated with unsafe practices. CONCLUSIONS. Many mothers do not follow safe practices when preparing infant formula. Additional research is needed to understand why more mothers do not follow safe formula-handling recommendations.
Pathology of chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C

Histologic evaluation of the liver is a major component in the medical management and treatment algorithm of patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV) and chronic hepatitis C (HCV). Liver biopsy in these patients remains the gold standard, and decisions on treatment are often predicated on the degree of damage and stage of fibrosis. This article outlines the clinical course and serologic diagnosis of HBV and HCV for the clinician and the pathologist, who together have a close working relationship in managing patients with acute and chronic liver disease. The salient histologic features are elucidated in an attempt to provide the clinician with an understanding of the basic histopathology underlying chronic HCV and HBV.
Chinese Character identification by visual features using self-organizing map sets and relevance feedback

Because of its ability to condense a data set in a non-linear, dimension-reducing, topology-preserving way, the self-organizing map (SOM) has proven useful in a wide variety of applications. The Chinese Character Identifier (CCI) uses a set of SOMs along with other natural computation tools to address the problem of identifying an unknown Chinese character by its visual features. By repeatedly presenting small sets of Chinese characters to the user and analyzing which characters are chosen as visually similar to the target character, the system is intended to estimate the visual features upon which the user is presently basing his/her notion of visual similarity. An SOM is then chosen that organizes the universe of characters according to the userpsilas feedback. A simple radial basis function network with basis functions defined in the output space of the selected SOM is used to select a set of characters to present to the user next. The result is a trajectory across the 10-dimensional feature space of the Chinese characters in the direction of the target character. The CCI illustrates the promises and the challenges of using a method of searching high-dimensional data based on relevance feedback that may be termed ldquopiecewise topography preservationrdquo (PTP). This paper discusses the application of PTP to a set of 10-dimensional Chinese character data and explains why certain data sets, exemplified by the Chinese character data, pose a problem for the PTP approach.
Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation After Cardiac Surgery: The Significance of Postoperative Oral Amiodarone

Study objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common occurrence after cardiac surgery (10 to 53%) that contributes to increased length of stay and hospital cost. Recent evidence suggests that treatment with amiodarone may provide safe and effective prophylaxis against AF in many patients undergoing cardiac operations. This study sought to investigate whether oral amiodarone administered postoperatively would reduce the incidence of postoperative AF. Design: Prospective nonrandomized cohort study. Patients and participants: In this prospective study, 1,196 consecutive patients who underwent various open-heart procedures with cardiopulmonary bypass between July 1999 and February 2000 received oral amiodarone, 400 mg bid, from the transfer to the cardiovascular recovery room until the day of hospital discharge, or up to 7 days postoperatively. The incidence of AF in this group of patients was compared with a group of 1,246 patients who underwent cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass in the preceding 8-month period (November 1998 to June 1999) at the same institution without receiving amiodarone postoperatively. Setting: Tertiary health-care center. Measurement and results: AF developed in 294 patients (25%) in amiodarone-treated group and in 385 patients (31%) in the control group (p 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, oral amiodarone treatment emerged as an independent predictor of lower risk of AF (odds ratio, 0.7; 95%; 95% confidence interval, 0.6 to 0.9; p 0.002) and shorter hospital length of stay (odds ratio, 0.8; 95% confidence interval, 0.5 to 0.9; p 0.006). Conclusions: Postoperative oral amiodarone treatment is a safe and effective regimen associated with a reduced incidence of new-onset AF and decreased length of hospital stay. Prospective randomized trials are needed to evaluate the benefits of amiodarone treatment relative to its side effect profiles. (CHEST 2001; 120:1936 –1941)
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Plays a Central Role in Development of Leptin Resistance

Leptin has not evolved as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of obesity due to the prevalence of leptin resistance in a majority of the obese population. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of leptin resistance remain poorly understood. Here, we show that increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the hypothalamus of obese mice inhibits leptin receptor signaling. The genetic imposition of reduced ER capacity in mice results in severe leptin resistance and leads to a significant augmentation of obesity on a high-fat diet. Moreover, we show that chemical chaperones, 4-phenyl butyric acid (PBA), and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), which have the ability to decrease ER stress, act as leptin-sensitizing agents. Taken together, our results may provide the basis for a novel treatment of obesity.
A comparison of climate model sensitivity with data from the last glacial maximum.

Abstract An attempt has been made to use paleoclimatic data from the last glacial maximum to evaluate the sensitivity of two versions of an atmosphere/mixed-layer ocean model. Each of these models has been used to study the C02-induced changes in climate. The models differ in their treatment of cloudiness, with one using a fixed cloud distribution and the other using a simple parameterization to predict clouds. The models also differ in the magnitude of their response to a doubling of atmospheric C02, with the variable cloud model being nearly twice as sensitive as the fixed cloud version. Given the distributions of continental ice sheets, surface albedo, and the reduced carbon dioxide concentration of the ice age, the climate of the last glacial maximum (LGM) is simulated by each model and compared with the corresponding simulation of the present climate. Both models generate differences in sea surface temperature and surface air temperature which compare favorably with estimates of the actual difference...
Synthesis and Structure of Novel Ternary Manganese Tellurides: MMnTe2 (M = Li, Na), Na3Mn4Te6, and Na3Mn4.7Te6

The synthesis and structure of four ternary manganese tellurides are reported. All the title compounds form layered structures wherein MnTe 4 tetrahedra are the fundamental building blocks. In two compounds MMnTe 2 (M = Li, Na), MnTe 4 tetrahedra share three corners in the formation of [MnTe 3/3 Te] 1− layers, the fourth Te is bound to only one Mn and formally bears a negative charge. MnTe 4 tetrahedra share both corners and edges in the formation of [Mn 4 Te 6 ] 3− and [Mn 4.7 Te 6 ] 3− layers in Na 3 Mn 4 Te 6 and Na 3 Mn 4.7 Te 6 , respectively. Structural relationships between these ternary tellurides and oxides will be discussed.
Palaeoniches get stitches: analyses of niches informing macroevolutionary theory

The concept of the niche is fundamental to ecology and palaeoecology, and an extensive body of scientific literature exists on the subject Here we discuss how recent palaeontological studies, particularly those focusing on species’ niche dynamics through time, continue to integrate palaeoecology with macroevolutionary theory.
Tribute to Hecky

This Tribute was delivered at the dedication of the new lab for the Bureau of Applied Reserach in Anthropology. This lab was dedicated to Hecky on January 18, 2011.
The Effectiveness of Additional Class Contact Time on Student Performance in Statics

The effect of additional class contact time on student performance in statics is investigated. Comparisons are made between the final exam grades and final course grades of at-risk students placed on two versions of the same statics course. A standard version of the statics course meets for three hours per week over the course of a 15-week semester, while a second version meets for four hours per week. During the 11-year timeframe covered by this study, the four-hour statics course has been populated by students identified as ‘at risk’ using an informal screening procedure. For comparison purposes, using the same enrollment data, a second group of at-risk students was identified from within the standard three-hour course using a more formal screening procedure based on logistic regression. A comparison between the two groups shows that the extra contact hour had a minor, statistically insignificant effect on final exam and final course grades.
TRAJECTORY STUDIES OF SN2 NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION. 7. F- + CH3CL FCH3 +CL-

The PES(F,Cl) analytic potential energy surface, developed previously, is used in a trajectory study of the F- + CH3Cl SN2 reaction. The trajectory SN2 rate constants, as a function of reactant relative translational energy Erel and CH3Cl temperature, are in good overall agreement with the experimental rate constants and those calculated using an ion−molecule capture/RRKM statistical model applied to PES(F,Cl). The latter agreement exists even though the reaction dynamics is decidedly nonstatistical. For high Erel the reaction is direct. At lower Erel there is evidence for formation of an ion−molecule complex; however, its lifetime is too short for complete energy randomization to occur. The velocity scattering angle is isotropic at low Erel but becomes anisotropic with forward scattering as Erel is increased. The reaction exothermicity is primarily partitioned to product vibration, in disagreement with a previous experimental study. Energy transfer from the reactants to products is very selective. Excess...
Emergency pharmacy practice and medication reconciliation.

In a recent national survey of pharmacy directors, Kern et al.[1][1] reported that close to 90% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that it is important for pharmacists to be involved in transition-of-care activities. The survey posed questions pertaining to the entire spectrum of transitions
Photosensitization of an actinophage by heteroanthracenes.

SummaryThe heteroanthracenes acrifla-vine, eosin, Janus green, methylene blue, ribo-flavin, safranin and thionin inactivated ac-tinophage MSP2 when exposed to bright light. The extent of photoinactivation was determined by dye concentration, duration of exposure to light, ionic strength of the milieu, and availability of air. In general, combinations of photosensitizing dyes had an additive effect, indicating different mechanisms of action. The data suggest, however, that all of the dyes were damaging the phage deoxyribo-nucleic acid.
Application of variable criterion theory to choice reaction time

A theory of choice reaction time ICRT is presented which is based on a variable criterion model assuming the decision criterion to be normally distributed. The theory provides functions of time describing the growth of component processes following stimulus onset. For correct responses, these processes are sensory and associative strength. For errors, the processes are sensory strength, generalized associative strength, and associative inhibition. A model for separating the effects of these processes from that of response competition is presented. The theory describes, with great accuracy, the CRT distributions of correct responses and errors, not only for the experiment for which it was derived, but also for a second experiment in which the criterion was experimentally manipulated. It accounts for the basic facts of the speed-accuracy tradeoff, not only with respect to the two experiments with different speed requirements, but also with respect to the variation of speed over trials within each experiment. While derived from group data, the theory also describes the performance of individual subjects. The mean and variability of the criterion distribution and the ability to utilize associative inhibition are identified as the major sources of individual differences. Methodological problems involved in the scaling analysis of group data are also discussed.
Infrared absorption of methylcis-9,trans-11-, andtrans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoates

The ratio of absorptivity at 10.2 µm and 10.6 µm differs between methylcis-9,trans-11-, andtrans-10,cis-12-octadecadienoates. For thecis-9,trans-11-ester, a10.2 µm/a10.6 µm is in the range of 1.1–1.2; for thetrans-10,cis-12-ester, it is 1.3–1.4. These differences in absorptivities are great enough to affect significantly compositions calculated from IR absorption.
Experimental Technique and Data Reduction for High Pressure Kinetics

The experimental technique of high pressure kinetics provides detailed information about the structure and properties of reaction transition states — data which are often unavailable from any other source. In recent years the use of this experimental tool has become much more prevalent, and data are now available for literally thousands of reactions [1]. Therefore, it is especially important at this juncture to review the experimental possibilities and limitations of high pressure kinetics, with emphasis on the types of uncertainties which are inherent in the experiments as well as in the reduction of data. Moreover, it can be demonstrated that careful planning of both the experimental program as well as the method of data reduction can substantially augment the net information obtained for a given quantum of high pressure kinetics effort.
Application and Test of Lower Level Wind Field Simulation with Meso-scale Model WRF in Western Region of Northwest China

In this paper,the performance of WRF model is validated by simulating wind velocity in January and April over northwestern China,and the errors between simulated and observed values were investigated.Results show that WRF performance was better in April,when wind speed was big and steady,surface heating strong and temperature increasing faster,but in January wind speed was lower but gust frequently occurred.The relative error in 48 hours at different levels was under 10%,the correlation coefficient(above 0.8) between observed and simulated values was significant at 90% in April.In January,the mean value of relative error in 48 hours at different levels was in the range of 20%,and the absolute value of the correlation coefficient was more than 0.30 and significant at the 99% confidence level.During the two simulation durations,the simulated value was obviously smaller than observed value when wind speed was high.Due to wind dominated by higher level momentum transfer downwards,terrain and thermodynamic function of land surface,the PBL parameters scheme in model is crucial in simulation of wind,especially in northwest China,where vegetable is sparse and terrain complex.
Design of a New Intelligent Low Voltage Reactive Power Compensation Device

In view of the characteristic of the traditional reactive power compensation devices,a new intelligent low voltage reactive power compensation device based on LPC2388 processor was proposed,which taked the power factor and reactive power as the controlling quantity while considering the effect of voltage.The device could achieve the functions of zero-cross switching of capacitor,including turning on the switches while the voltage was zero and turning off the switches while the current was zero.Users could choose the type and quantity of this device,according to specific compensation mode and reactive power.With the advantages of small size,low cost,flexible application and convenient organizing network etc,the device has broad application prospects.
Some physical characteristics of a proteinase from Aeromonas proteolytica.

Abstract A proteinase has been isolated from culture filtrates of Aeromonas proteolytica essentially free of the aminopeptidase activity that is present in spent media from this organism. Sedimentation and moving boundary electrophoretic experiments indicated a high degree of homogeneity for the enzyme, which was isoelectric at approximately pH 3.5. The proteinase had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.50 S, a diffusion coefficient (d020,w) of 8.52 x 10-7 cm2 sec-1, and a partial specific volume, calculated from the amino acid composition, of 0.709 cm3 g-1. From both sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium, the molecular weight was 34,800; calculations of minimum molecular weight on the basis of zinc content yielded a value near 33,800 which indicated the presence of 1 g atom of zinc per mole of enzyme. Amino acid analysis revealed approximately 316 residues.
Observation of effect of Yunnan Baiyao paste sticking vaccination cause local swelling and induration

Objective To observe the treatment effect of Yunnan Baiyao paste sticking vaccination cause local swelling and induration.Methods Yunnan Baiyao plaste swelling and induration of 68 children 1 to 2 courses vaccination caused symptoms such as swelling and induration disappeared after the inoculation site evaluation of therapeutic healing.Results The shortest curative time of 68 cases were two days,the longest curative time were six days.52 cases were cured,accounting for 76.47%.Significantly improved in 34 cases,accounting for 16.17%.Improved in 3 cases,accounting for 4.41%.Ineffective in 2 cases,accounting for 2.95%.The total effective rate was 97.05%.Conclusion The effect of Yunnan Baiyao paste apply ointment for vaccination cause red callosity is good,had a exact role,is worth of popularizing.
Laboratory Experiments in Public Policy and Management

This article reviews and evaluates the potential of laboratory experiments in public policy and management (PPM) research. We first consider reasons why laboratory experiments tend to be neglected in PPM research. These include the willingness of researchers to trade away rigor and internal validity to achieve local generalizability, the naturalistic preference for field and/or quasiexperiments, and the tendency to focus upon groups, organizations, and policies-rather than individuals-as units of analysis. Next, we provide an overview of the relatively few PPM studies which have employed laboratory experiments. We then focus on some of the methodological controversies surrounding the use of laboratory experiments and consider their implications for PPM research. We conclude with some suggestions for enhancing the potential for utilizing laboratory experiments as a method of choice for PPM researchers.
TagDigger: user-friendly extraction of read counts from GBS and RAD-seq data

In genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq), read depth is important for assessing the quality of genotype calls and estimating allele dosage in polyploids. However, existing pipelines for GBS and RAD-seq do not provide read counts in formats that are both accurate and easy to access. Additionally, although existing pipelines allow previously-mined SNPs to be genotyped on new samples, they do not allow the user to manually specify a subset of loci to examine. Pipelines that do not use a reference genome assign arbitrary names to SNPs, making meta-analysis across projects difficult. We created the software TagDigger, which includes three programs for analyzing GBS and RAD-seq data. The first script, tagdigger_interactive.py, rapidly extracts read counts and genotypes from FASTQ files using user-supplied sets of barcodes and tags. Input and output is in CSV format so that it can be opened by spreadsheet software. Tag sequences can also be imported from the Stacks, TASSEL-GBSv2, TASSEL-UNEAK, or pyRAD pipelines, and a separate file can be imported listing the names of markers to retain. A second script, tag_manager.py, consolidates marker names and sequences across multiple projects. A third script, barcode_splitter.py, assists with preparing FASTQ data for deposit in a public archive by splitting FASTQ files by barcode and generating MD5 checksums for the resulting files. TagDigger is open-source and freely available software written in Python 3. It uses a scalable, rapid search algorithm that can process over 100 million FASTQ reads per hour. TagDigger will run on a laptop with any operating system, does not consume hard drive space with intermediate files, and does not require programming skill to use.
Is Sentiment in Movies the Same as Sentiment in Psychotherapy? Comparisons Using a New Psychotherapy Sentiment Database

The sharing of emotional material is central to the process of psychotherapy and emotional problems are a primary reason for seeking treatment. Surprisingly, very little systematic research has been done on patterns of emotional exchange during psychotherapy. It is likely that a major reason for this void in the research is the enormous cost of annotating sessions for affective content. In the field of NLP, there have been major strides in the creation of algorithms for sentiment analysis, but most of this work has focused on written reviews of movies and twitter feeds with little work on spoken dialogue. We have created a new database of 97,497 utterances from psychotherapy transcripts labeled by humans for sentiment. We describe this dataset and present initial results for models identifying sentiment. We also show that one of the best models from the literature, trained on movie reviews, performed below many of our baseline models that trained on the psychotherapy corpus.
444 Kentucky safe communities: a model for recruitment and growth, 2012–2017

Background After several years of decreasing injury rates, in 2010, there began an upward injury fatality trend in Kentucky fueled largely by increases in accidental drug overdose and suicide. In 2012, Kentucky’s age-adjusted injury fatality rate had increased from 76.1 in 2010 to 81.8 per 100,000 population. Description of the problem The state has 120 counties and a total population of 4.4 million. Numerous agencies are charged with injury prevention, however there is a lack of coordination and local injury data, making prevention efforts fragmented and inefficient. We adopted the Safe Communities model as a way to address rising injury rates. The Safe Community model originated with the World Health Organisation’s Collaborating Centre on Community Safety Promotion’s Karolinska Institute. Results In 2012, the Kentucky Injury Prevention and Resource Centre (KIPRC), Kentucky’s lead injury prevention agency, became a Safe Community Affiliate Support Centre and entered into a partnership with the National Safety Council (NSC) and Safe Communities America with the following five year goals: (1) half the population of the state living within a Safe Community, (2) assist with local prevention planning and, (3) develop local data reports. As of July 2015, there are 8 communities certified or in process, holding nearly 40% of the state’s population, and injury data reports are available for all counties. Conclusions The Safe Communities approach has been shown to be effective in saving lives and reducing costs. A recent NSC study showed that after 10 years of rising injuries and injury rates in one community, the decision to seek Safe Community accreditation was followed by a 2-year decline in injury hospitalizations. In those two years, the study showed that nearly 300 hospitalizations may have been prevented, saving the community over $14 million in health care costs.
Partial discharge detection in 11.4 kV cast resin power transformer

The sensor which consists of many conductors wound on the rectangular insulated material is employed to detect partial discharge (PD) in the 11.4 kV cast resin power transformer. To examine the effect of winding on the propagation of PD-induced field, the verification tests are performed in free space. According to the structure of transformer, we simulate partial discharge occurs inside the winding and outside the winding to examine the effect of winding to the propagation of PD-induced field. The results show that the PD-induced field can pass through the winding and detected by the coil sensor. In on-line application, to detect PD, three similar rectangular sensors are installed near the surfaces of the 11.4 kV power transformer. From the amplitude variation of PD signals, the imperfect power transformer is clearly identified. However, there is not any image appear on the surface of this power transformer. After 3 years, this power transformer is completely destroyed.
CE-48 Residential proximity to highways, DNA methylation and systemic lupus erythematosus

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous disease in which epigenetic and environmental risk factors have been implicated. DNA methylation can be influenced by environmental exposures. Exposure to motor vehicle emissions has been linked to increase in overall mortality, asthma and increase incidence of rheumatoid arthritis. The focus of this study was to evaluate methylation changes in relationship to residential proximity to highways in patients with SLE. Materials and methods We studied 307 patients with SLE who were previously enrolled in a Lupus Genetics Project. As a replication cohort, 225 participants from a gene-environment study of asthma were studied. Residence at the time of blood draw was recorded and geocoded. The distance to the nearest roads from the geocoded locations were calculated for the four major Tele Atlas Feature Class Codes (FCC) road classes. The Geographic Data Technology, Inc. (GDT) road network data were used for these calculations. Genome-wide methylation profiling was performed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation 450 BeadChip. Results Patients residing within a 300 metre radius from a major highway were defined as at high risk for significant hazardous health outcomes 1 . Thirty-eight patients (12.4%) were residing in a high risk area. Multivariate analysis did not reveal any statistically significant association between proximity to highways and disease phenotypes, however there was a trend for higher incidence of discoid rash (OR 1.5) neurological disorders (OR 1.4) and antiphospholipid antibodies (1.4). Analysis of genome-wide methylation data revealed 3 methylation sites that were significantly hypomethylated in patients who resided in a high risk zone (P value UBE2U, which encodes one of the E2 enzymes involved in the ubiquitination of proteins and histones, as well as DNA repair. To replicate these findings, CpG Sites for all the UBE gene family were analysed in a control group. Our 3 top hits were not replicated, however one CpG site (cg22352634) belonging to the first intron of the gene UBE2U was found hypomethylated in controls who resided in a high risk zone, with a p value of 0.0044. Conclusions Hypomethylation of UBE2U was associated with residing close to a highway in our SLE patients, however this was not seen in a control cohort, and suggesting increased susceptibility for exposures in patients with SLE. Additional work is warranted to confirm these findings, examine other potentially relevant exposures, and determine whether these epigenetic changes are associated with increased UBE2U expression.
A phase II study of lapatinib and capecitabine in second-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer.

e14569 Background: The anti-EGFR therapy erlotinib was FDA approved for the treatment of patients with advanced pancreas cancer. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), a member of the ErbB family of growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases to which EGFR belongs, is found overexpressed in 20% of pancreatic cancers . Targeting EGFR and HER-2 with separate specific monoclonal antibodies showed synergistic inhibition of pancreatic cancer tumor progression in mice bearing xenograft of human pancreatic cancer cell lines. We performed an open-label single arm phase II study to evaluate the combination of lapatinib, a dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor of EGFR and HER-2, and capecitabine in the second-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer. Methods: Patients with metastatic, unresectable, gemcitabine-refractory pancreatic cancer with adequate performance status (ECOG 0-2) and normal hepatic and renal function were eligible. Patients received lapatinib 1,250 mg PO daily, and capecitabine 1,000 mg/m2 ...