cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Taxa Isotopic Investigation of Paleohydrology In the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Eastern Utah, U.S.A.: Deciphering Effects Of the Nevadaplano Plateau On Regional Climate

We investigate the regional climatic effects of the formation of the ''Nevadaplano'' plateau during the Sevier Orogeny in an overall warming world. Paleohydrology was reconstructed from 590 individual measurements of phosphate O isotopes in continental faunas of the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, Utah, U.S.A. Semi-aquatic (turtles, crocodiles) and terrestrial (dinosaurs) taxa are compared to coeval pedogenic carbonates to interpret changing water sources over time. Samples were grouped into four stratigraphic faunas (lower Yellow Cat, upper Yellow Cat, Ruby Ranch, and Mussentuchit members). Resulting isotopic values were converted to d18 Ow values using established d 18 Op-d 18 Ow and d 18 Oc-d 18 Ow relationships. At a formation scale, turtles (d 18 Op = 14.1 to 15.7% V-SMOW) and crocodiles (d 18 Op = 15.0 to 19.2%) document water compositions of 28.1 to 26.1% and 27.7 to 24.2%, respectively, within the zonal range for formation-scale meteoric water at 34u N paleolatitude (27.1 to 24.8%) established by pedogenic carbonates (d18 Oc = 22.0 to 23.5% V-SMOW). These data suggest that, like soil carbonates, turtle and crocodile phosphate isotopes can be used as proxies for meteoric water isotopic composition.Dinosaurd18 Op(sauropods: 19.7 to 21.9%, ornithischians: 16.6to 21.7%, small theropods: 16.9to 18.2%, andlarge allosauroids: 19.1 to 20.3%) values generally exceed those of semi-aquatic taxa. Using mass-balance equations for modern terrestrial animals adjusted for size and inferred dinosaur physiology, ingested water is calculated for the above dinosaur groups. On a member scale, when meteoric-water values are compared with calculated dinosaur drinking water, values are equal to or lighter than meteoric water for most herbivorous groups (as low as 215.5% for ornithischians) and equal to or heavier than meteoric water for most carnivorous groups (as high as 22.0% for allosauroids). Changes in d18 Ometeoric water, d 18 Odinosaur ingested water, faunal assemblages, and sedimentology, from member to member, correlate to thrusting events of the Sevier Orogeny. High elevations in the orogeny attenuated the influences of Pacific moisture, causing rainshadow-induced aridity on the leeward foreland basin during upper Yellow Cat time, and hosted seasonal snow accumulation by the end of Ruby Ranch time, as suggested by 18 O-enriched water (e.g., up to an average of 22.0% from an allosauroid tooth) and extremely 18 O-depleted water (e.g., 215.5% for ornithischians) in the Ruby Ranch Member. By Mussentuchit-time, delivery of the Western Interior Seaway-dominated moisture to the region, despite continued rise of the Sevier Mountains.
STABILITY AND CHANGE IN ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR: THE TRANSITION FROM ADOLESCENCE TO EARLY ADULTHOOD*

This longitudinal research, based on two samples of respondents who were differentially involved in delinquency as teenagers, identifies latent trait and life-course correlates of the persistence of antisocial behavior into young adulthood. The data show that prior delinquency is a stable predictor among respondents in both our household and institutional samples. However, although social bonding has a substantial impact on continued criminality among the household respondents, its influence is minimal among those who were previously institutionalized. The data suggest that the bonding levels and antisocial behavior of serious offenders are more resistant to change than are those of more typical and less serious offenders.
Observation of electron biteout regions below sporadic E layers at polar latitudes

Abstract. The descent of a narrow sporadic E layer near 95 km altitude over Poker Flat Research Range in Alaska was observed with electron probes on two consecutive sounding rockets and with incoherent scatter radar during a 2 h period near magnetic midnight. A series of four trimethyl aluminum chemical releases demonstrated that the Es layer remained just slightly above the zonal wind node, which was slowly descending due to propagating long-period gravity waves. The location of the layer is consistent with the equilibrium position due to combined action of the wind shear and electric fields. Although the horizontal electric field could not be measured directly, we estimate that it was ~ 2 mV m−1 southward, consistent with modeling the vertical ion drift, and compatible with extremely quiet conditions. Both electron probes observed deep biteout regions just below the Es enhancements, which also descended with the sporadic layers. We discuss several possibilities for the cause of these depletions; one possibility is the presence of negatively charged, nanometer-sized mesospheric smoke particles. Such particles have recently been detected in the upper mesosphere, but not yet in immediate connection with sporadic E. Our observations of electron depletions suggest a new process associated with sporadic E.
A Migratory Infiltrate in a Patient with Hemoptysis and Chest Pain

1989;96;195-196 Chest A J Ghio, C G Elliott, R O Crapo, M P Collins and I Tocino and chest pain. A migratory infiltrate in a patient with hemoptysis http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/content/96/1/195.citation can be found online on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and services ) ISSN:0012-3692 http://chestjournal.chestpubs.org/site/misc/reprints.xhtml ( without the prior written permission of the copyright holder. reserved. No part of this article or PDF may be reproduced or distributed Chest Physicians, 3300 Dundee Road, Northbrook, IL 60062. All rights of been published monthly since 1935. Copyright1989by the American College is the official journal of the American College of Chest Physicians. It has Chest
Hydrophilic Edible Films: Modified Procedure for Water Vapor Permeability and Explanation of Thickness Effects

The ASTM E96 Standard Method for determining water vapor permeability (WVP) was modified for hydrophilic edible films. Accurate measurement of relative humidity conditions and maintenance of 152 m/min air speeds were essential outside the test cups. The WVP Correction Method was developed to account for the water vapor partial pressure gradient in stagnant air layer of the test cup. Errors were as high as 35% without this correction. Applying these guidelines explained commonly observed thickness effects on WVP values of hydrophilic films. Relative humidity was the cause of observed thickness effects.
Race and racial ideology in classrooms through teachers’ and students’ voices

This qualitative study examines how cultural and racial similarities and differences between teachers, regarded in their school as successful, and their African American students affect the student–teacher relationships and how these relationships shape and are shaped by racial ideology. The purpose of this paper is: (1) to offer an insight on teachers’ and students’ beliefs, expectations, and practices related to schooling and education; and (2) to understand how racial ideology plays out among teachers and students in a predominantly African American school. We rely on an understanding of race as ideology, rather than as an independent variable to be quantified and measured. We found that seemingly neutral and objective educational terms such as classroom structure, discipline, or achievement are infused with racial meaning and are a product of and reflection on racial ideology in which education and schooling operate. The power of racial ideology is not that it ‘tells’ its actors what to do or say; rat...
The limits of checklists: handoff and narrative thinking

Concerns about the role of communication failures in adverse events coupled with the success of checklists in addressing safety hazards have engendered a movement to apply structured tools to a wide variety of clinical communication practices. While standardised, structured approaches are appropriate for certain activities, their usefulness diminishes considerably for practices that entail constructing rich understandings of complex situations and the handling of ambiguities and unpredictable variation. Drawing on a prominent social science theory of cognition, this article distinguishes between two radically different modes of human thought, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The paradigmatic mode organises context-free knowledge into categorical hierarchies that emphasise member-to-category relations in order to apply universal truth conditions. The narrative mode, on the other hand, organises context-sensitive knowledge into temporal plots that emphasise part-to-whole relations in order to develop meaningful, holistic understandings of particular events or identities. Both modes are crucial to human cognition but are appropriate responses for different kinds of tasks and situations. Many communication-intensive practices in which patient cases are communicated, such as handoffs, rely heavily on the narrative mode, yet most interventions assume the paradigmatic mode. Improving the safety and effectiveness of these practices, therefore, necessitates greater attention to narrative thinking.
Restriction Site Tiling Analysis: accurate discovery and quantitative genotyping of genome-wide polymorphisms using nucleotide arrays

High-throughput genotype data can be used to identify genes important for local adaptation in wild populations, phenotypes in lab stocks, or disease-related traits in human medicine. Here we advance microarray-based genotyping for population genomics with Restriction Site Tiling Analysis. The approach simultaneously discovers polymorphisms and provides quantitative genotype data at 10,000s of loci. It is highly accurate and free from ascertainment bias. We apply the approach to uncover genomic differentiation in the purple sea urchin.
Increased susceptibility to fungal disease accompanies adaptation to drought in Brassica rapa

Recent studies have demonstrated adaptive evolutionary responses to climate change, but little is known about how these responses may influence ecological interactions with other organisms, including natural enemies. We used a resurrection experiment in the greenhouse to examine the effect of evolutionary responses to drought on the susceptibility of Brassica rapa plants to a fungal pathogen, Alternaria brassicae. In agreement with previous studies in this population, we found an evolutionary shift to earlier flowering postdrought, which was previously shown to be adaptive. Here, we report the novel finding that postdrought descendant plants were also more susceptible to disease, indicating a rapid evolutionary shift to increased susceptibility. This was accompanied by an evolutionary shift to increased specific leaf area (thinner leaves) following drought. We found that flowering time and disease susceptibility displayed plastic responses to experimental drought treatments, but that this plasticity did not match the direction of evolution, indicating that plastic and evolutionary responses to changes in climate can be opposed. The observed evolutionary shift to increased disease susceptibility accompanying adaptation to drought provides evidence that even if populations can rapidly adapt in response to climate change, evolution in other traits may have ecological effects that could make species more vulnerable.
Calois Connections and Computer Science Applications

We have presented an existence theorem and some important properties of Galois connections. We have also shown how data structures problems can be simplified and better understood when Galois insertions are used. In particular, the proof of correctness of an implementation follows simply from the construction of a Galois insertion. We plan further applications of Galois connections theory to computing-related problems.
Two new species of Asidopsis casey from Arizona and Chihuahua, Mexico (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Asidini)

Abstract Asidopsis olsoni new species from Arizona, U.S.A. and A. humeralis new species from Chihuahua, Mexico (Pimeliinae: Asidini) are described. The distinctive characters of these new species in relation to others of the genus are discussed. Habitus photographs and illustrations of antennae and male genitalia are included.
Field Evaluation of Infrared Asphalt Heater/Reclaimer Patching Method

The main objective of this paper was to evaluate the performance and cost-effectiveness of the tow-behind combination infrared asphalt heater/reclaimer patching method and to compare it to the throw and roll and spray injection methods. To achieve this, a comprehensive testing program that included installing over 45 patches using the three considered methods and monitoring the performance and survivability of those patches was performed. The results of this testing program indicated that the infrared method had much lower productivity than the other two methods. In addition, the throw and roll method had better productivity than the spray injection method. Improper storage of the infrared heater/reclaimer equipment was also found to cause problems in igniting the infrared heater, which significantly increased the patching duration. In general, most of the deterioration in the patches installed using the different methods occurred in the first month of installation and continued after that but at a much slower rate. The infrared patches had significantly better performance than those installed using the two other patching methods. The main distress in infrared patches was raveling, while the main distress was dishing for the throw and roll and the spray injection patches. The results of survivability analyses also indicated that the patches installed using infrared had much longer expected life than those installed using the other two considered methods. The results of the cost analyses showed that the infrared method can be more cost effective than the spray injection method when used for winter pothole patching. For short-term repairs, the throw and roll method was found to cost less than the infrared method if the user costs were not considered. However, for permanent repairs, the infrared method could be more cost effective than the throw and roll method.
Concise total synthesis of glucosepane

Glucosepane is a structurally complex protein posttranslational modification that is believed to exist in all living organisms. Research in humans suggests that glucosepane plays a critical role in the pathophysiology of both diabetes and human aging, yet comprehensive biological investigations of this metabolite have been hindered by a scarcity of chemically homogeneous material available for study. Here we report the total synthesis of glucosepane, enabled by the development of a one-pot method for preparation of the nonaromatic 4H-imidazole tautomer in the core. Our synthesis is concise (eight steps starting from commercial materials), convergent, high-yielding (12% overall), and enantioselective. We expect that these results will prove useful in the art and practice of heterocyclic chemistry and beneficial for the study of glucosepane and its role in human health and disease.
Deep-Well Disposal of Waste

Deep-well disposal as a method for pollution control is investigated by states to ascertain the degree of development of deep-well disposal, and the procedures evolved to control this mode of disposal. Only 9 of the 45 states surveyed expressly prohibit or, as a matter of policy, actively discourage the method of deep-well disposal. Twenty-five states have some type of disposal wells presently in operation. The two controlling conditions necessary for an operable deep-well disposal system are a suitable disposal stratum, and a waste physically and chemically compatible with the resident material in the disposal formation. Care must be taken to assure that the various benefits are balanced, and that one aspect is not protected in such a manner as to be to the complete detriment of others.
Seasonal Electrical Resistivity Surveys of a Coastal Bluff, Barter Island, North Slope Alaska

Select coastal regions of the North Slope of Alaska are experiencing high erosion rates that can be attributed in part to recent warming trends and associated increased storm intensity and frequency. The upper sediment column of the coastal North Slope of Alaska can be described as continuous permafrost underlying a thin (typically less than 1–2 m) active layer that responds variably to seasonal thaw cycles. Assessing the temporal and spatial variability of the active layer and underlying permafrost is essential to better constrain how heightened erosion may impact material fluxes to the atmosphere and the coastal ocean, and how enhanced thaw cycles may impact the stability of the coastal bluffs. In this study, multi-channel electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) was used to image shallow subsurface features of a coastal bluff west of Kaktovik, on Barter Island, northeast Alaska. A comparison of a suite of paired resistivity surveys conducted in early and late summer 2014 provided detailed information on how the active layer and permafrost are impacted during the short Arctic summer. Such results are useful in the development of coastal resilience models that tie together fluvial, terrestrial, climatic, geologic, and oceanographic forcings on shoreline stability.
Blood Plasma Volume Determination by Injection of Anti-Crystalline-Egg-Albumin-Serum

The blood plasma volume of an animal is usually found by determining the dilution in the plasma of a known amount of an injected test substance following its introduction into the blood stream. Dyes and other chemical substances are generally employed. The dilution of the material in the plasma is found (1) colorime-trically,1,2 (2) spectroscopically,3 or (3) by chemical means.4 There is a considerable variation in the figures obtained for blood plasma volume by these methods. This variation may be due partly to loss of the injected foreign material from the blood stream and partly to the difficulty of determining the dilution of the substance introduced. The injection of an immunologically distinct blood or serum would, presumably, be more harmonious with the blood and tissues of an experimental animal than a foreign dye or other chemical substance. The dilution of such a blood could be determined by means of immunological tests. This has been resorted to by several investigators for the determination of...
Investigation of Breakup of Isolated and Multiple Drops in Subsonic Flow

*† This paper presents new experimental results obtained for aerobreakup of Newtonian liquid drops in subsonic flow. Both isolated and two drop configurations were studied over a range of Weber number from 6 to 125. The results on isolated drop breakup are as expected from previous work. The results of two drop breakup experiments exhibit a significant attenuating effect of the leading drop on the breakup of the trailing one. In addition to a delayed initiation of breakup (most visible in low Weber number tests), the trailing drop’s deformation is remarkably different from that of an isolated drop. We use numerical simulation to obtain flow and pressure fields in multiple drop configurations, and relate the effect to vortices formed behind the leading drop, causing a drag reduction and centripetal deformation of the trailing drop.
13C NMR STUDIES ON ROADWAY ASPHALTS

ABSTRACT Roadway asphalt has been characterized by 13C NMR and reasonable chemical shift assignments made. An initial analysis of the asphalt samples from the refinery liquid, plant mix. Initial and 18 month cores has been made; however, these roadways have not aged sufficiently to develop correlations with performance.
Improved arterial flow-mediated dilation after exertion involves hydrogen peroxide in overweight and obese adults following aerobic exercise training.

OBJECTIVE Acute strenuous physical exertion impairs arterial function in sedentary adults. We investigated the effects of 8 weeks of regular aerobic exercise training on acute physical exertion-induced arterial dysfunction in sedentary, overweight, and obese adults. METHODS Twenty-five overweight and obese adults (BMI 30.5 ± 7.2 years) were assigned to 8 weeks of aerobic training or to a control group. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed before and after acute leg press exercise at weeks 0 and 8. Gluteal adipose biopsies were performed at rest and post acute leg press to measure microvessel FMD with and without nitric oxide synthase inhibition via L-nitroarginine methyl ester or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) scavenging with Catalase. Microvessel nitric oxide and H2O2 production were assessed via fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS Brachial artery dilation was reduced post acute leg press at week 0 in the aerobic exercise and control groups, but was preserved in the aerobic-exercise group post acute leg press at week 8 (P < 0.05). Post acute leg press microvessel FMD was preserved in the aerobic exercise group but impaired in the control group at week 8 (P < 0.05). Preserved dilation in the aerobic exercise group was more sensitive to H2O2 scavenging than inhibition of nitric oxide, and post acute leg press microvessel H2O2 production was increased compared with at rest (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Aerobic exercise prevents acute exertion-induced arterial dysfunction in overweight and obese adults via a phenotypic switch from nitric oxide-mediated dilation at rest to a predominately H2O2-mediated dilation after acute physical exertion.
Introduction of guidance for clinical evaluation of antibacterial drug in Japan

Antibacterial drug is a drug with special therapeutics characteristics.The clinical evaluation points of this kind of drug different from the other drugs.Therefore,this article introduce the "guidance for clinical evaluation of antibacterial drug" in Japan in order to offer more information for the investigator and appraiser.
Ventricular performance after onset of renal hypertension.

summary 1. In renal hypertensive dogs, the slope of the relation between either stroke volume or cardiac output and end-diastolic pressure is shifted to the right of the normal curves. 2. The maximum to which stroke volume or cardiac output can be raised during loading is significantly less. These changes in cardiac performance appear to be unrelated to the severity of hypertension.
Standing Surgery and Procedures of the Head

The accessibility of the head lends itself to many standing surgical procedures if the proper combination of analgesia, physical restraint, and chemical restraint is used. This article discusses standing surgical procedures of the head for certain conditions, such as lacerations, oral fractures, facial bone fractures, dental disorders, paranasal sinus disease, and nasal passage disorders.
Velocity Profiles During Drag Reduction

A short review of previous attempts to measure velocity profiles in drag reduced flow of polymer solutions is followed by a description of hot-film anemometer techniques developed during this work to make such measurements. The large radial variations in sensor response which have been observed for impact tube measurements were not evident in these measurements. Hot-film measured profiles were an average of 2 percent in error when integrated to obtain the bulk mean velocity for solvents and for drag reducing polymer and soap solutions.
Sampling Based on Local Bandwidth

This paper investigates the sampling of continuous-time signals according to time-varying or local bandwidth. A general framework is established for sampling based on local bandwidth. Two specific representations of local bandwidth are subsequently presented. In the first approach, the time-invariant anti-aliasing filter that typically precedes uniform sampling is generalized to a time-varying lowpass filter. A corresponding sampling and re-synthesis method is developed that achieves perfect reconstruction for a class of self-similar input signals; in most cases, however, perfect reconstruction does not result. In the second approach, local bandwidth is represented in terms of time-warping applied to globally bandlimited signals. The use of time-warping is proposed as a pre-conditioning technique to transform the input signal into one that is as close as possible to being globally bandlimited.
Baló concentric sclerosis evolving from apparent tumefactive demyelination

Tumefactive demyelination (TD) and Balo concentric sclerosis (BCS) are subtypes of atypical demyelination that may overlap with each other and with prototypic multiple sclerosis (MS). TD and BCS can be distinguished by their different MRI appearance. BCS is associated with alternating rings of T2/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery hypointensity and hyperintensity that correlate pathologically with rings of tissue of varying degrees of demyelination. We present a patient whose initial MRI was consistent with TD but who later developed MRI characteristics in keeping with BCS, emphasizing the difficulty in distinguishing accurately between different subtypes of demyelination early in their course.
Jekyll and Hyde Leadership: A Multilevel, Multisample Examination of Charisma and Abuse on Follower and Team Outcomes:

Despite the independent treatment of the positive and negative sides of leadership in the literature, evidence suggests that the same leader may demonstrate both positive and negative leadership be...
Matlab tools for power spectral analysis, simulation step-size optimization, and bi-rate root locus generation

This paper provides an overview of three Matlab tools that were originally developed for the simulation of power electronic systems, and have since been re-written for more general application. One of the programs can be used to determine power spectral density and total harmonic distortion of simulation outputs. It can be used to assist in the selection of appropriate integration step-size using frequency domain rather than the more usual time domain data. A second program provides a method of determining maximum allowable simulation step size using an optimization approach, and the third performs root-locus studies for bi-rate simulations. An example illustrating each tool is presented.
The Bridge from Research to Practice – Just Leap Across the Last Bit

If the set of ten evidence-based interventions described in this volume is representative of all such treatments, what could the future bring but increasing quality and access to mental health services for children? This chapter discusses the balance between the power of evidence-based treatments (EBTs) to effectively treat maltreated children and the power of training practices to insure that clinicians provide the treatments as they were designed. While some of the inconsistency in the effectiveness of implementing EBTs can be attributed to not understanding the “human factor,” there is considerable research that suggests that organizational social construct – culture, climate, and work attitudes play an influential role in the effectiveness of EBT implementation. Characteristics of community mental health agencies, the organizational social construct in which EBTs are planted are also discussed.
Brief Report: Protein Synthesis in Aging Blood Platelets

Platelet cohorts were produced in rats following immunologically induced thrombocytopenia. Young platelets had a significantly greater rate and magnitude of amino acid incorporation into protein than aged ones. This indicates a similar maturation process in platelets as in reticulocytes.
Bringing User Experience Design to Bear on STEM Education: A Narrative Literature Review

This narrative review addresses emerging application of user experience (UX) design principles within education contexts, particularly science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education settings. In this review, “UX design” is employed as an umbrella term to describe design philosophies, approaches, and tools that have originated within technology product design-related fields, namely user-centered design and human-computer interaction. UX design implies commitment to user-focused approaches to product development; UX design commonly includes construction and use of specific design tools (e.g., personas, scenarios, and usage models) that synthesize and contextualize product users’ goals, needs, wants, and behaviors in memorable and empathic ways. This review not only explores implementation of UX design tools and frameworks within education settings, but also examines the methods that have used to develop and implement UX design tools from data generated with students and faculty. Findings reveal that, although nascent, current scholarship provides evidence to support use of UX design tools and approaches to promote instructional innovation and the transfer of research to promote institutional change. To advance these purposes, STEM scholarship should focus on providing methodological detail and evidence of assessment of outcomes related to UX implementation. The results further suggest that future work in this area should explore novel approaches for representing UX design tools contextually within STEM settings.
Comparison of treatment of early-stage breast cancer among Nurses’ Health Study participants and other Medicare beneficiaries

Increasingly epidemiological cohorts are being linked to claims data to provide rich data for healthcare research. These cohorts tend to be different than the general United States (US) population. We will analyze healthcare utilization of Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) participants to determine if studies of newly diagnosed incident early-stage breast cancer can be generalized to the broader US Medicare population. Analytic cohorts of fee-for-service NHS–Medicare-linked participants and a 1:13 propensity-matched SEER–Medicare cohort (SEER) with incident breast cancer in the years 2007–2011 were considered. Screening leading to, treatment-related, and general utilization in the year following early-stage breast cancer diagnosis were determined using Medicare claims data. After propensity matching, NHS and SEER were statistically balanced on all demographics. NHS and SEER had statistically similar rates of treatments including chemotherapy, breast-conserving surgery, mastectomy, and overall radiation use. Rates of general utilization include those related to hospitalizations, total visits, and emergency department visits were also balanced between the two groups. Total spending in the year following diagnosis were statistically equivalent for NHS and SEER ($36,180 vs. $35,399, p = 0.70). NHS and the general female population had comparable treatment and utilization patterns following diagnosis of early-stage incident breast cancers with the exception of type of radiation therapy received. This study provides support for the larger value of population-based cohorts in research on healthcare costs and utilization in breast cancer.
0.25 mW Pulsed Terahertz Radiation from Bias-Free, Telecommunication-Compatible Plasmonic Nanoantennas

We present a bias-free, telecommunication-compatible photoconductive terahertz source, which offers radiation powers exceeding 0.25 mW, enabling time-domain terahertz spectroscopy with more than a 90 dB dynamic range over a 0.1-3.5 THz bandwidth. © 2019 The Author(s)
White Matter Hyperintensity Regression: Comparison of Brain Atrophy and Cognitive Profiles with Progression and Stable Groups.

Subcortical white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in the aging population frequently represent vascular injury that may lead to cognitive impairment. WMH progression is well described, but the factors underlying WMH regression remain poorly understood. A sample of 351 participants from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (ADNI2) was explored who had WMH volumetric quantification, structural brain measures, and cognitive measures (memory and executive function) at baseline and after approximately 2 years. Selected participants were categorized into three groups based on WMH change over time, including those that demonstrated regression (n = 96; 25.5%), stability (n = 72; 19.1%), and progression (n = 209; 55.4%). There were no significant differences in age, education, sex, or cognitive status between groups. Analysis of variance demonstrated significant differences in atrophy between the progression and both regression (p = 0.004) and stable groups (p = 0.012). Memory assessments improved over time in the regression and stable groups but declined in the progression group (p = 0.003; p = 0.018). WMH regression is associated with decreased brain atrophy and improvement in memory performance over two years compared to those with WMH progression, in whom memory and brain atrophy worsened. These data suggest that WMHs are dynamic and associated with changes in atrophy and cognition.
Diversity and Inclusion in Open Source Software (OSS) Projects: Where Do We Stand?

Background: As the area of computing has thrived over the years, the participation of women in computing declined. Currently women represent less than 24% of the computing workforce and that number is declining. On the other hand, the ratios of women in Open Source Software (OSS) projects are even lower.Aims: The primary objective of this study is to determine the level of gender diversity among popular OSS projects and identify the presence of gender biases that may discourage females’ participation.Method: On this goal, we mined the code review repositories of ten popular OSS projects. We used a semi-automated approach followed by a manual validation to identify the genders of the active contributors.Results: Our results suggest that lack of gender diversity remains an ongoing issue among all the ten projects as each of the projects had less than 10% female developers. However, many of the projects also suffer from lack of inclusion of females to leadership positions. Although none of the projects suggest significant differences between male and female developers in terms of productivity based on three different measures, data from three out of the ten projects indicate technical biases against female developers with lower code acceptance rates as well as delayed feedback during code reviews. However, biases against females are not universal as majority of the projects do not discriminate against females. The two projects with the least ratios of female contributors as core developers showed the most biases against females.Conclusion: Based on our findings, we conclude that promoting and mentoring females to leadership positions may be an effective solution to foster gender diversity.
Statewide analysis of individuals' exposure to business establishments and active travel behavior

This study analyzes the association between exposure to various economic establishments, such as retail stores and schools, and walking and cycling at the individual level. Instead of using a land ...
What Is Osteoporosis

The term “osteoporosis” has many meanings. Most clinicians tend to think that osteoporosis is a deficiency of bone mineral as reflected by a low bone density test or T-score. A more exacting definition, however, is that it is a disease which increases the risk for fragility fracture due to micro-architectural changes in bone. The challenge with the first definition is that osteoporosis can be present despite normal or near-normal bone density tests. The challenge with the second definition is that it requires more clinical input and places the burden of diagnosis on the clinician and not the DXA results.
Electron-energy-loss near-edge structure of Be2C.

We describe both measurements and theoretical models of the beryllium carbide electron-energy-loss K-shell near-edge fine structure (ELNES). Methods for the interpretation of spectra obtained using transmitted kilovolt electrons and the very small probe sizes available in modern electron microscopes are discussed. Explicit constraints on the use of the projected local density of states used to interpret x-ray absorption near-edge structure are summarized. An initial attempt to interpret the measured ELNES using a tight-binding approximation plus core-hole ``impurity'' calculation shows good agreement for the carbon site, but poorer agreement for the Be site. Good agreement is obtained for both sites using a ground-state, real-space multiple scattering calculation if a charge corresponding to three electrons is assumed to be transferred from Be to C. This suggests that ground-state, one-electron theory and the muffin-tin form of the crystal potential may be a useful guide to the interpretation of near-edge structure in some ionic crystals if the effects of ionicity are explicitly incorporated.
The effects of environmental complexity on microbial community yield and structure

Abstract Environmental composition is a major, though poorly understood determinant of microbiome dynamics. Here we ask whether general principles govern how key microbial community properties, i.e. yield and diversity, scale with the number of environmental molecules. By assembling hundreds of synthetic consortia, we found that community yield remains constant as a function of environmental complexity, in agreement with additive expectations of an idealized model. However, taxonomic diversity is much lower than expected. By quantifying this deviation with a metric for epistatic interactions between environments, we uncovered simple ecological rules that govern how communities respond nonlinearly to the coupling of different nutrient sets. Our results demonstrate that environmental complexity alone is not sufficient for maintaining microbiome diversity, and provide practical guidance for designing and controlling microbial communities.
Examining the barriers to BSN prelicensure education among ADN students: A quantitative follow-up

Abstract Community colleges play an integral role in the prelicensure education of registered nurses in the United States, with nearly half of newly licensed registered nurses prepared for practice with the Associate Degree in Nursing (ADN); Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2015). Shorter program duration, lower tuition costs, closer proximity to home, and favorable admission policies make ADN programs highly attractive to students, specifically nontraditional students. In spite of this, a concerted effort toward baccalaureate preparation has occurred over the past several decades. Prominent nursing organizations have called for baccalaureate preparation in the nursing profession. The Institutes of Medicine (2010), called for expansion of Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) preparation by registered nurses to 80% by 2020. More recently in 2019, the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) issued a position statement calling for the baccalaureate degree to serve as the minimum educational preparation for entry into professional nursing practice (AACN, 2019). A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was chosen to examine the perceived barriers to BSN prelicensure nursing education by ADN students in the State of Illinois. This study is a quantitative follow-up to a qualitative focus group study by the researchers (Petges & Sabio, 2020; Sabio & Petges, 2020). Results indicate that multiple competing responsibilities, often associated with nontraditional student status, exert an appreciable influence in the choice of educational preparation toward the registered nurse credential.
Optimal rate of metam potassium for fusarium and purple nutsedge control when applied through the drip tape or with a minicoulter

Abstract Metam potassium (metam-K) is a commonly used pre-plant fumigant in Florida plasticulture production. Two field studies on the dose-response of metam-K were conducted at the Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, Wimauma, FL, using two different application techniques for the control of purple nutsedge. In the first field study, multiple metam-K rates of 0, 130, 195, 260, 325, 390, 455, 520 kg ha−1 were applied with a minicoulter and were compared to the few commonly used herbicides such as 0.2 kg ha−1 sulfentrazone, 1 kg ha−1 s-metolachlor, 0.4 kg ha−1 fomesafen and 0.6 kg ha−1 oxyflurofen sprayed on the bed top. Percent purple nutsedge control was measured in all plots. The second field study evaluated five different metam-K rates (130, 260, 390, 520, 650 kg ha−1) in four different water volumes (54, 108, 162, and 216 m3 ha−1) when applied through drip irrigation within the bed. Herbicides reduced purple nutsedge density by 8–92% 6 weeks after fumigation compared to the nontreated control. Metam-K rates >455 kg ha−1 were needed to maximize purple nutsedge control. Water volumes had no significant effect on purple nutsedge and Fusarium oxysporum fsp lycopersici (FOL) control when metam-K was drip injected. Metam-K rates required to achieve 90% control of purple nutsedge at 9 weeks after fumigation were 612 and 766 kg ha−1 respectively in fall and spring 2018. All rates of metam-K were effective against FOL inoculum placed at bed center and 16 cm away from bed center, however, they were less effective on FOL inoculum placed at bed edges. EC90 values for FOL at the bed edges were 500 kg ha−1 in spring 2018. Optimal metam-K rates for purple nutsedge control were 10–30% higher than label rates when using an minicoulter and 57–96% higher than label rates when drip applied.
How Can the Experiences of Black Women Living With HIV Inform Equitable and Respectful Reproductive Health Care Delivery

Black women living with HIV (BWLWH) contend with injuries of injustice, which manifest in restricted reproductive autonomy and decision-making power in social and medical settings. Mitigating threats to reproductive autonomy calls for innovations that consider patients' needs and offer insights on how historically situated marginalization influences today's institutional, political, and economic systems and shapes reproductive decision making. In addition to cross-disciplinary expertise and collaboration, integrating structural competency into reproductive health care requires demonstrating respect for the autonomy, lived experiences, and preferences of BWLWH.
Genetic and Metabolic Determinants of Plasma Levels of ANGPTL8.

CONTEXT ANGPTL8 (A8) plays a key role in determining the tissue fate of circulating triglycerides (TGs). Plasma A8 levels are associated with several parameters of glucose and TG metabolism, but the causality of these relationships and the contribution of genetic variants to differences in A8 levels have not been explored. OBJECTIVE To characterize the frequency distribution of plasma A8 levels in a diverse population using a newly-developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and to identify genetic factors contributing to differences in plasma A8 levels. METHODS We studied a population-based sample of Dallas County, comprising individuals in the Dallas Heart Study (DHS-1, n = 3538; DHS-2, n = 3283), including 2131 individuals with repeated measurements 7 to 9 years apart (age 18-85 years; >55% female; 52% Black; 29% White; 17% Hispanic; and 2% other). The main outcome measures were associations of A8 levels with body mass index (BMI), plasma levels of glucose, insulin, lipids, and hepatic TGs, as well as DNA variants identified by exome-wide sequencing. RESULTS A8 levels varied over a 150-fold range (2.1-318 ng/mL; median, 13.3 ng/mL) and differed between racial/ethnic groups (Blacks > Hispanics > Whites). A8 levels correlated with BMI, fasting glucose, insulin, and TG levels. A variant in A8, R59W, accounted for 17% of the interindividual variation in A8 levels but was not associated with the metabolic parameters correlated with plasma A8 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS A8 levels were strongly associated with indices of glucose and TG metabolism, but the lack of association of genetic variants at the A8 locus that impact A8 levels with these parameters indicates that differences in A8 levels are not causally related to the associated metabolic phenotypes.
Cangrelor and Heparin for Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation in a Patient with Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

Introduction Perioperative anticoagulation in patients with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) presents a clinical challenge due to high risk of intravascular thrombosis. Alternative anticoagulants have been used but carry their own risks. We report the successful use of Cangrelor, a P2Y12 platelet receptor antagonist, with heparin during left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Case Report A 25-year-old female with dilated cardiomyopathy due to dermatomyositis and Turner's syndrome and left ventricular thrombus on apixaban, was admitted to our institution with worsening dyspnea. She had a left lower lobe segmental and subsegmental pulmonary embolus and was started on heparin infusion. Over a few days, her platelet count decreased from 278K to 8K and she developed a subclavian and internal jugular deep vein thrombosis. Given concern for HIT, she was switched to bivalirudin. Severe HIT was confirmed with an optical density of 2.8. She progressed into cardiogenic shock requiring inotrope and mechanical support. Given her hemodynamic deterioration, we proceeded with HeartMate II LVAD implant after thorough evaluation. In consultation with hematology, we utilized cangrelor and heparin to minimize platelet aggregation and thrombosis during CPB. Cangrelor has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile for use with heparin in HIT patients given its fast-onset, short half-life, and high-affinity causing aggregation. Intraoperatively, platelet reactivity units (PRUs) were measured to assess Cangrelor's activity and ensure P2Y12 antiplatelet effect with the appropriate scale. A cangrelor bolus and infusion were given before heparinization; PRU reduced from 326 to 103 (less than 208 indicates presence of antiplatelet effect). Systemic heparinization was then safely achieved with Cangrelor infusion being discontinued 10 minutes prior to heparin reversal with protamine. She was started on bivalirudin postoperatively and eventually transitioned to coumadin. Summary This case represents a novel approach of using cangrelor with heparin intraoperatively for a patient with confirmed HIT requiring urgent LVAD implantation. Cangrelor use with heparin offers a safe and effective option in surgeries requiring CPB while minimizing hematologic complications of thrombosis and bleeding.
HPV in the malignant transformation of sinonasal inverted papillomas: A meta-analysis

Objectives To date, there is still a significant debate on the role of human papilloma virus (HPV) infection in transformation of inverted papillomas (IPs) to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). This study was designed to determine if the presence of HPV in a sinonasal IP increases the risk of malignant transformation to IPSCC. Methods Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, 19 high-quality case-control and cohort studies with tissue-diagnosed IP or IPSCC and HPV diagnosis were analyzed. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using the Mantel-Haenszel method with correction for random effects. Subgroup, publication bias and a sensitivity analyses were also performed. Results Nineteen studies with minimal bias met the inclusion criteria for quality and identified HPV infection in an IP. The pooled data revealed a strong association with progression to malignancy with an unweighted, pooled OR of 2.38 (CI95 1.47 to 3.83) and a weighted OR of 2.80 (CI95 1.42 to 5.51). Sensitivity analysis revealed that no single study contributed significantly to our pooled OR calculations (ORs 2.52 to 3.57). Subgroup analyses stratified by publication date, nucleic acid target, HPV detection method and type, sample size, and region all demonstrated a positive association of HPV with IPSCC. Conclusions There appears to be a significant association between HPV infection and malignant transformation of IPs. While HPV testing is not currently the standard of care for IPs, these data suggest a link between the two and suggest further studies should be performed to identify a link between the virus and malignant transformation.