cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of near-surface channel conductance and differential capacitance versus potential measurements to correlate inversion layer formation with low effective surface recombination velocities at n-Si/liquid contacts

Near-surface channel conductance measurements, differential capacitance versus potential measurements, and surface recombination velocity measurements have been performed on (111)- and (100)-oriented n-type Si samples in contact with nitrogen and/or liquid electrolyte solutions containing I2, I2/I–, ferrocene+/0, or decamethylferrocene+/0 in either methanol or tetrahydrofuran. Si/liquid contacts that displayed a low effective surface recombination velocity S corresponded to those that formed an inversion layer at the solid/liquid contact as indicated by channel conductance measurements or by differential capacitance versus potential measurements. Contacts that did not produce an inversion layer at the Si surface did not produce low effective S values. The observed behavior is consistent with the known energetics of Si/liquid contacts and provides an explanation for the low effective S values observed in these systems.
Vintage Growth and Population Density: An Empirical Investigation

Abstract This paper tests a central prediction of vintage growth models of urban structure: that there are discontinuities in the population density function. The data set covers quarter sections in Chicago in 1980. Using such highly disaggregated data is critical because discontinuities are less likely to be found the larger is the unit of observation. Both a switching regression model and a nonparametric estimator reveal discontinuities and upward-sloping segments in the function, which supports the vintage growth model.
Dynamic fracture initiation and propagation in 4340 steel under impact loading

Dynamic fracture initiation and propagation in 4340 steel was investigated experimentally using the optical method of reflected caustics combined with high speed photography. A new crack propagation testing configuration consisting of a three point bend specimen loaded in a drop weight tower was used. It was found that prior to crack initiation the stress intensity factor time record calculated using the dynamic tup load and a static formula disagrees with the actual stress intensity factor measured by caustics. During crack propagation, the crack tip velocity and stress intensity factor time records varied smoothly and repeatably allowing for a straightforward interpretation of the data. The experiments show that for the particular heat treatment of 4340 steel used, the dynamic fracture propagation toughness depends on crack tip velocity through a relation that is a material property.
The third parameter in reactive barrier films

The lag time of a barrier film can be dramatically increased by the addition of sacrificial scavengers that consume solute before crossing the barrier. This increase in lag time is independent of the scavengers' reaction rate. This reaction rate does affect the amount of solute that crosses the membrane before steady state, a premature leakage that may render the barrier unsuitable regardless of its putative lag time and permeability. A third parameter is needed to characterize the barrier's transient behavior. Guided by experiments, we offer two candidate parameters for quantifying these changes. Correlations of these parameters are determined numerically and compared with experimental results.
Genome relatedness among African swine fever virus field isolates by restriction endonuclease analysis

Abstract The genome of African swine fever (ASF) virus has been characterized by restriction endonuclease analysis. ASF field isolates were propagated in pigs and viral DNA was extracted from infected pig erythrocytes. A relationship among nine field isolates was based upon characteristic DNA fragment migration patterns on agarose gels. Eight restriction endonucleases permitted classification of the ASF isolates into four major groups; the last group further broken down into three subgroups as follows: I II III IV Hinde-I Uganda Tengani Spencer Lisbon '60 Madrid '75 Dominican Republic Port-au-Prince Cameroon ASF DNA restriction patterns are remarkably stable during natural infections. The Dominican Republic and Port-au-Prince isolates were obtained three years apart from different geographic areas yet have identical gel profiles. These isolates are indistinguishable from a recent Cameroon ASF virus isolate. The relative stability of the ASF genome may suggest a common source of infection for the Caribbean and Cameroon outbreaks.
The calculation of non-adiabatic transition probabilities

Abstract I give an expression for the Landau-Zener parameters in terms of the P matrix of Smith. It yields a qualitative indication of the validity of the Landau-Zener approximation.
Direct identification of PTEN phosphorylation sites

The PTEN tumor suppressor gene encodes a phosphatidylinositol 3′-phosphatase that is inactivated in a high percentage of human tumors, particularly glioblastoma, melanoma, and prostate and endometrial carcinoma. Previous studies showed that PTEN is a seryl phosphoprotein and a substrate of protein kinase CK2 (CK2). However, the sites in PTEN that are phosphorylated in vivo have not been identified directly, nor has the effect of phosphorylation on PTEN catalytic activity been reported. We used mass spectrometric methods to identify Ser370 and Ser385 as in vivo phosphorylation sites of PTEN. These sites also are phosphorylated by CK2 in vitro, and phosphorylation inhibits PTEN activity towards its substrate, PIP3. We also identify a novel in vivo phosphorylation site, Thr366. Following transient over-expression, a fraction of CK2 and PTEN co-immunoprecipitate. Moreover, pharmacological inhibition of CK2 activity leads to decreased Akt activation in PTEN+/+ but not PTEN−/− fibroblasts. Our results contrast with previous assignments of PTEN phosphorylation sites based solely on mutagenesis approaches, suggest that CK2 is a physiologically relevant PTEN kinase, and raise the possibility that CK2-mediated inhibition of PTEN plays a role in oncogenesis.
Automorphisms of Bowen-Franks groups of shifts of finite type

There are four Bowen–Franks groups associated to each shift of finite type. For an irreducible shift of finite type, we show that a 4-tuple of automorphisms corresponding to the four Bowen–Franks groups can be induced simultaneously by a specific path of flow equivalence from the shift to itself, if and only if it is F-compatible. The F-compatibleness defined in this paper describes completely the intrinsic relations among the four automorphisms induced by a flow equivalence. This result is one of the key ingredients in classifying reducible shifts of finite type up to flow equivalence. In the mean time, it also discloses a new and sharp difference between the invariants of flow equivalence for an irreducible shift of finite type, and the invariants of stable isomorphism for the associated simple Cuntz–Krieger algebra.
Comparison of ceftiofur hydrochloride and estradiol cypionate for metritis prevention and reproductive performance in dairy cows affected with retained fetal membranes.

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare the effect of ceftiofur hydrochloride and estradiol cypionate (ECP ® ) administration for metritis prevention and reproductive performance in dairy cows affected with retained fetal membranes (RFMs). After parturition, 97 dairy cows affected with RFM from a single dairy herd were randomly allocated to 1 of 3 treatment groups. Cows in-group 1 ( n =31) were treated daily for 5 days with ceftiofur hydrochloride (2.2 mg/kg, i.m.); cows in group 2 ( n =33) were treated once with ECP ® (4 mg, i.m.); and cows in group 3 ( n =33) were not treated. The proportion of cows with metritis, uterine involution patterns and the calving-to-conception interval were compared between groups. The proportion of cows that developed metritis was significantly different ( P ® (42%) or cows that received no treatment (42%). Uterine involution patterns (i.e. median time to complete retraction of the uterus and mean diameter measure of cervix and uterine horns) were not significantly different between groups. Cows treated with ECP ® were 0.40 times as likely to conceive as control cows ( P =0.05); median time to conception in cows treated with ECP ® (192 days) was longer, compared to control cows (124 days). We conclude that systemic administration of ceftioufur hydrochloride is beneficial for prevention of metritis, but its effect on reproductive performance was not significantly different to that of ECP ® or no treatment. In addition, administration of ECP ® did not have beneficial effects on metritis prevention and reproductive performance.
Doing BiE: Lessons Learned From Teaching Bio-Inspired Engineering

Examples of bio-inspired engineering (BiE) abound: from Da Vinci to Velcro to robotics. Showing students the excitement and utility of BiE is easy — teaching them how to “do” BiE is much more difficult. In teaching ME 455 Bio-Inspired Engineering at Montana State University. A fundamental challenge is to teach engineers BiE without the need for them to be biologists. The nature of design itself is another challenge. The value of BiE is in expanding the engineering design solution space. Today, the usual forward approach and the one most typical for design — an engineering problem in search of a biological solution paradigm — is essentially unavailable. In this paper, we provide rationale for some of the challenges in teaching BiE to engineering students. We then share lessons learned in addressing these challenges from direct experience in the classroom.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The catalytic activity and physical properties of bovine thrombin in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract Dimethyl sulfoxide produces an opposite effect on the esterase and amidase activities of bovine thrombin. The esterase activity is increased by two fold but the amidase activity is decreased to 9% of the initial activity in 20% dimethyl sulfoxide. The stimulation of the esterase activity is due to the change in Vmax rather than Km for the substrate p-Tosyl-L-Arginine methyl ester. The inhibition of the esterase activity of thrombin by NaCl is not affected due to the addition of dimethyl sulfoxide. Ki for NaCl, 0.03 M, is the same for both in the absence and in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide. The catalytic activity of thrombin is inhibited by heparin. This effect is significantly decreased by dimethyl sulfoxide . The dissociation constant of heparin-thrombin complex, measured in the absence and in the presence of 10% dimethyl sulfoxide are 4 nM and 28 nM respectively. Thermal stability of thrombin, determined by monitoring catalytic activity, is increased in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide. The enhancement of the fluorescence intensity of thrombin in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide reflects the contribution of more exposed tryptophanyl residues. The alteration of the conformation of the enzyme structure due to the perturbation of the aqueous medium by dimethyl sulfoxide, has been attributed to these observed effects.
Combination monoamine oxidase inhibitor and β-blocker treatment of migraine, with anxiety and depression

This paper presents the results of a study comparing the effectiveness of a beta-adrenergic blocking agent, atenolol, a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO-I), phenelzine, and the combination in treatment of 61 adults with migraine headache. The goals of the study are (1) to investigate the safety of concomitant treatment of migraine with beta-blockers and phenelzine, (2) to assess whether orthostatic hypertension and other side effects would be relieved, and (3) to compare the results of this open trial of phenelzine to those of a previous study using similar methods. Phenelzine was associated with a large decrease in the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Anxiety and depression were also reduced by phenelzine both alone, and in combination with a beta-blocker. The results show that the combination of MAO-I's and beta-blockers can be administered safely, and can lead to the reduction in the side effects with either drug alone.
Nonmagnetic crystal-electric-field ground state in the heavy-fermion compound PrInAg2

Abstract We have performed inelastic neutron scattering measurements that confirm that the crystal-electric-field split ground state in the heavy-fermion compound PrInAg2 is a nonmagnetic, non-Kramers doublet. This implies that a quadrupolar Kondo interaction is responsible for the enhanced thermodynamic properties observed at low temperatures. We also observe anomalous broadening of the inelastic peaks and suggest two possible causes for this broadening.
Quand les éléments génétiques mobiles bondissent entre espèces animales

Clement Gilbert, Sarah Schaack, Cedric Feschotte University of Texas, Arlington, 76010, Texas, Etats-Unis. cgilbert@exchange.uta.edu cedric@uta.edu 12. Ortega S, Prieto I, Odajima J, et al. Cyclin dependant kinase 2 is essential for meiosis but not for mitotic cell division in mice. Nat Genet 2003 ; 35 : 25-31. 13. Malumbres M, Sotillo R, Santamaria D, et al. Mammalian cells cycle without the D-type cyclindependant kinases Cdk4 and Cdk6. Cell 2004 ; 118 : 493-504. 14. Puyol M, Martin A, Dubus P, et al. A synthetic lethal interaction between K-Ras oncogenes and Cdk4 unveils a therapeutic strategy for non small cell lung carcinoma. Cancer Cell 2010 ; 18 : 63-73. 15. Blay JY. Le futur des therapeutiques ciblees en oncologie : trouver les cibles, traiter tot et au long cours. Med Sci (Paris) 2007 ; 23 : 1073-4. 16. Besse B, Le Chevalier T, Soria JC. Prediction de la reponse a l’Iressa® : un mecanisme inattendu. Med Sci (Paris) 2004 ; 20 : 750-1.
Dynamics of the recovery of releasable dopamine following electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle

In vivo voltammetry was used to monitor dopamine released into the extracellular fluid of the rat striatum by 10-s periods of electrical stimulation of nigrostriatal axons. By varying the interval between stimulations the dynamics of the recovery of the stimulation response has been investigated. The recovery is shown to be differentially affected by dopamine synthesis inhibition at short and long stimulation intervals. The recovery at less than 2 min is independent of dopamine synthesis. Processes in addition to dopamine synthesis must contribute to the recovery of the stimulation response.
Expanding Psychopharmacologic Treatment Options for the Depressed Medical Patient

Psychopharmacologic treatment of depression in medically ill patients is greatly enhanced by the availability of new antidepressant medications that have low or no anticholinergic, anti-α-adrenergic, antihistaminic, and quinidine-like properties. This article discusses the important pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, paroxetine, and sertraline), bupropion, venlafaxine, and nefazodone—with an emphasis on their side effects relevant to medical patients as well as important drug interactions. In addition, the safety of these newer medications is compared with that of tricyclics; the role for continued tricyclic use in the medical-psychiatric population is examined; the use of electroconvulsive therapy in medically ill patients who are refractory to antidepressants is also briefly discussed.
Time-dependent density functional theory study of the luminescence properties of gold phosphine thiolate complexes.

The origin of the emission of the gold phosphine thiolate complex (TPA)AuSCH(CH3)2 (TPA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantanetriylphosphine) is investigated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). This system absorbs light at 3.6 eV, which corresponds mostly to a ligand-to-metal transition with some interligand character. The P–Au–S angle decreases upon relaxation in the S1 and T1 states. Our calculations show that these two states are strongly spin–orbit coupled at the ground state geometry. Ligand effects on the optical properties of this complex are also discussed by looking at the simple AuP(CH3)3SCH3 complex. The excitation energies differ by several tenths of an electronvolt. Excited state optimizations show that the excited singlet and triplet of the (TPA)AuSCH(CH3)2 complex are bent. On the other hand, the Au–S bond breaks in the excited state for the simple complex, and TDDFT is no longer an adequate method. The excited state energy landscape of gold phosphine thiolate systems is ver...
AAV Transduction of Dopamine Neurons With Constitutively Active Rheb Protects From Neurodegeneration and Mediates Axon Regrowth

There are currently no therapies that provide either protection or restoration of neuronal function for adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Many clinical efforts to provide such benefits by infusion of neurotrophic factors have failed, in spite of robust effects in preclinical assessments. One important reason for these failures is the difficulty, due to diffusion limits, of providing these protein molecules in sufficient amounts to the intended cellular targets in the central nervous system. This challenge suggests an alternative approach, that of viral vector transduction to directly activate the intracellular signaling pathways that mediate neurotrophic effects. To this end we have investigated the ability of a constitutively active form of the GTPase Rheb, an important activator of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTor) signaling, to mediate neurotrophic effects in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN), a population of neurons affected in PD. We find that constitutively active hRheb(S16H) induces many neurotrophic effects in mice, including abilities to both preserve and restore the nigrostriatal dopaminergic axonal projections in a highly destructive neurotoxin model. We conclude that direct viral vector transduction of vulnerable neuronal populations to activate intracellular neurotrophic signaling pathways offers promise for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease.
Regional Climate Modeling over the Maritime Continent. Part I: New Parameterization for Convective Cloud Fraction

This paper describes a new method for parameterizing convective cloud fraction that can be used within large-scale climate models, and evaluates the new method using the Regional Climate Model, version 3 (RegCM3), coupled to theland surfacescheme IntegratedBiosphere Simulator(IBIS). The horizontalextent of convectivecloud cover is calculatedby utilizing a relationshipbetween the simulatedamount of convective cloud water and typical observations of convective cloud water density. This formulation not only provides a physically meaningful basis for the simulation of convective cloud cover, but it is also spatially and temporallyvariableandindependentofmodelresolution, renderingitgenerallyapplicableforlarge-scaleclimate models. Simulations over the Maritime Continent show that the new method allows for simulation of an essential convective‐radiative feedback, which was absent in the existing version of RegCM3‐IBIS, such that moist convection not only responds to diurnal variability at the earth’s surface but also impacts the solar radiationreceivedatthesurfacevia cumuluscloudproduction. Theimpacton modelperformancewasmixed, but it is considered that appropriate representation of the convective‐radiative feedback and improved physical realism resulting from the new cloud fraction parameterization will likely have positive benefits elsewhere. The role of convective rainfall production in the convective‐radiative feedback and a new parameterization for convective autoconversion are addressed in Part II of this paper series.
Distributed approximating functional approach to fitting multi-dimensional surfaces

Abstract A method for fitting multi-dimensional surfaces using known values of the function on a finite set of grid points is presented. The points in the set need not be regularly distributed in the domain of the variables and in fact can be random. The method is based on the theory of distributed approximating functionals. The method is illustrated by fitting model potential functions of one, two, and three variables.
The Corrosion Mechanism of Zn-5%Al-0.3%Mg Coating

A new hot dip Zn-5%Al-0.3%Mg alloy coating was performed on cold rolled common steel. The hot-dip process was executed by self-made hot dip galvanising simulator (China patent, No.201010160353). The corrosion resistance of alloy-coated steels was detected by neutral salt spray test . SEM and EDS test results demonstrate that Mg is mainly distributed in the crystal boundary. XRD test results shows corrosion product of Zn-5%Al-0.3%Mg alloy coating is mainly Zn5(OH)8Cl2•H2O. The characteristic of Zn5 (OH)8Cl2•H2O is dense and insoluble, so it is protective. In order to study the anticorrosion mechanism, all the tests of the Zn-5%Al-0.3%Mg alloy were carried out with Zn-5%Al coating together.
A Near-Optimal Power Management Strategy for Rapid Component Sizing of Multimode Power Split Hybrid Vehicles

In the design of hybrid vehicles, it is important to identify proper component sizes along with the optimal control. When the design search space is large, exhaustive optimal control strategies, such as dynamic programming (DP) is too time consuming to be used. Instead, a near-optimal method that is orders of magnitude faster than DP is needed. One such near-optimal method is developed and presented in this paper. This method is applied to identify the optimal powertrain parameters of all power-split hybrid configurations utilizing a single planetary gear. There are 12 possible configurations, six input and output splits, and each configuration has up to four modes. Based on the analysis of the efficiency of powertrain components of the four modes, and the power-weighted efficiency concept, we show that the computation time can be reduced by a factor of 10 000 without consequential performance compromise, compared with the DP approach. The optimal design of each configuration is analyzed and presented.
Potential Thermoelectric Performance from Optimization of Hole-Doped Bi 2 Se 3

We present an analysis of the potential thermoelectric performance of hole-doped Bi2Se3, which is commonly considered to show inferior room temperature performance when compared to Bi2Te3. We find that if the lattice thermal conductivity can be reduced by nanostructuring techniques (as have been applied to Bi2Te3) the material may show optimized ZT values of unity or more in the 300 - 500 K temperature range and thus be suitable for cooling and moderate temperature waste heat recovery and thermoelectric solar cell applications. Central to this conclusion are the larger band gap and the relatively heavier valence bands of Bi2Se3.
An improved linearization technique for a class of quadratic 0-1 programming problems

The recent research on linearization techniques for solving 0-1 quadratic programming problems focuses on providing concise models and tightening constraint bounds. In this paper, we propose a computational enhancement for a linearization technique to make the linearized model much faster to solve. We investigate the computational performance of the proposed approach, by comparing it with other linearization techniques on a class of 0-1 quadratic programming problems. We can further speed up the proposed technique by heuristically tightening the constraint bounds, as demonstrated by solving the uncapacitated single allocation p-hub median problem using the Civil Aeronautics Board data.
Recovery and Management Options for Spring/Summer Chinook Salmon in the Columbia River Basin

Construction of four dams on the lower Snake River (in northwestern United States) between 1961 and 1975 altered salmon spawning habitat, elevated smolt and adult migration mortality, and contributed to severe declines of Snake River salmon populations. By applying a matrix model to long-term population data, we found that (i) dam passage improvements have dramatically mitigated direct mortality associated with dams; (ii) even if main stem survival were elevated to 100%, Snake River spring/summer chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) would probably continue to decline toward extinction; and (iii) modest reductions in first-year mortality or estuarine mortality would reverse current population declines.
Factors influencing the level and fatty acid specificity of the cholesterol esterification activity in human plasma

Abstract A procedure for studying the cholesterol esterification activity and fatty acid specificity of human plasma was described. The substrate was prepared by incubating heat-inactivated plasma with cholesterol-4-C 14 which had been applied to acid-washed Celite [Avigan, J. (3)]. Small quantities of homologous and heterologous unheated plasmas were incubated with this substrate. This system was characterized, and it was shown that the esterification activity of plasma from a variety of sources could be evaluated with this common substrate. The apparent esterification determined from radioactivity measurements was shown to represent net esterification and to depend chiefly on the properties of the active component. Cholesterol esters of individual fatty acids were formed in quantities proportional to the pre-existing pattern of the active plasma added, even when the active plasma was added to a substrate having a very different cholesterol ester composition.
Molecular phylogeny of Ericameria (Asteraceae, Astereae) based on nuclear ribosomal 3' ETS and ITS sequence data

Phylogenetic relationships and composition of Ericameria were investigated by parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of ITS and 3'ETS sequences for 50 taxa including all known species in Ericameria and several related taxa. The independent analyses of the data sets led to highly congruent, though not identical, results. Analyses of the combined sequence data generally improved resolution and clade support. Ericameria, Pentachaeta, Rigiopappus and Tracyina are resolved in a monophyletic group distinct from Chrysothamnus, Xylothamia, and representatives of the Solidago lineage. The expanded circumscription of Ericameria to include sections Asiris, Macronema and Stenotopsis, and species transferred from Chrysothamnus including E. albida, is supported. Within Ericameria the alignment of species into sections is not in total agreement with previously proposed relationships. Also, the molecular data do not support the treatment of section Stenotopsis as distinct from section Ericameria.
Human Heart Rate during Anxiety

When anxiety is induced experimentally by signals of shock-to-come, two opposing effects on human heart rate have been observed. Somecimes the heart decelerates; somecirnes it accelerates. Typical of the deceleration findings is the paper of Notcerman, Schoenfeld, and Bersh (3). With trace conditioning, they found a cardiac slow-down during the 6-sec. interval between warning signal and shock. Representative of the opposice finding is the report by Lacey and Smith (2) of increased hearc race when verbal scimuli previously associaced with shock served as warning signals. Both effects in different Ss have been observed by Zeaman and Wegner (4) following the procedure of Nocterman, Schoenfeld, and Bersh. An actempt was made to give a drive-reduccion explanation of these dual effects by relating them to heart behavior at the time of shock termination. However, a further experimental test by Zeaman and Wegner (5), wich more excreme conditions, failed to support this explanation, As a result, the controlling conditions of these two cardiac effects remain something of a mystery. Ic would aid in understanding the relation of anxiery and heart rate to find both cardiac effeccs in the same Ss under different experimental conditions. Jusc such a finding is described in che present study designed co explore boch cardiac and respiratory activity during anxiety. Ss, warned chac a shock will follow a series of visually-presented numbers, showed a sharp elevation in heart race while looking at the numbers for the first time. Afcer one shock, the accelerative effecc disappeared early in the series, and was replaced later by a decelerative effect.
Today’s ‘Meaningful Use’ Standard For Medication Orders By Hospitals May Save Few Lives; Later Stages May Do More

The federal government is currently offering bonus payments through Medicare and Medicaid to hospitals, physicians, and other eligible health professionals who meet new standards for “meaningful use” of health information technology. Whether these incentives will improve care, reduce errors, and improve patient safety as intended remains uncertain. We sought to partially fill this knowledge gap by evaluating the relationship between the use of electronic medication order entry and hospital mortality. Our results suggest that the initial meaningful-use threshold for hospitals—which requires using electronic orders for at least 30 percent of eligible patients—is probably too low to have a significant impact on deaths from heart failure and heart attack among hospitalized Medicare beneficiaries. However, the proposed threshold for the next stage of the program—using the orders for at least 60 percent of patients, a rate some stakeholders have said is too high—is more consistently associated with lower mortal...
Sorption and diffusion of water in a rubbery polyurethane

Unsteady-state water sorption measurements have been carried out over the temperature range 27–40°C. on a polyurethane elastomer composed of MDI, 1,4-butanediol, and polybutylene adipate (MW 2000) in the mole ratios 3.2:2:1. The sorption isotherm is concave upward above an activity of 0.6, reaching a saturation water concentration of 1.6 g./100 cc., the heat of mixing is zero, and the diffusion constant decreases slowly and linearly with increasing water concentration. The overall behavior is attributed to the immobilization of sorbed water in clusters. Analysis of the sorption process in terms of the cluster integral reveals that the interaction of water with specific polymer sites occurs at the lowest concentrations but that clustering dominates for water activities greater than 0.45. Since the activation energy for diffusion decreases with increasing water concentration, from 11,000 cal./mole at zero concentration to about half that value at saturation, plasticization of the polymer also affects the transport process.
Cardiac activity during experimentally induced anxiety.

Three studies are reported in which subjects (Ss) were instructed to watch a sequence of numbers appear on a memory drum and, after base-level determinations of cardiac and respiratory activity, were told to expect an aversive stimulus at a specific point in the number sequence. Subjects typically showed an acceleration in cardiac rate early in the number series and a deceleration just prior to and during the expected locus of shock. The acceleration was found to be greater for Ss told to expect strong shock than for those told to expect weak shock, greater for those receiving strong shock than those receiving weak shock, and under all conditions the acceleration decreased as a function of the number of shocks received. The deceleration, however, remained essentially constant across both trials and conditions and also occurred in groups told merely to expect a weak tone or a faint click. It appears that the acceleration may be a component of an anxiety response but the deceleration appears to occur under the present conditions in anticipation of any stimulation.
Indoor air pollution and inter-room pollutant transport due to unvented kerosene-fired space heaters

Abstract Two kerosene-fired space heaters, one white-flame convective and one blue-flame radiant, were operated in the master bedroom and living room of an unoccupied house (elevation: 1800 m) under several simulated use conditions. Tests were conducted in the master bedroom with the bedroom door and bedroom window open and closed. The heaters were operated until an 8 °C temperature rise was achieved in the room. Increases in bedroom concentrations of CO, CO 2 , NO, NO 2 , and O 2 are reported. The increases in CO 2 levels ranged from 2440 to 5440 mL/m 3 (ppm) while the increases in NO 2 levels ranged from 0.12 to 0.60 mL/m 3 (ppm). The NO 2 emission rate from the convective heater was reduced at the high altitude location as compared with previous emission rate measurements conducted near sea level with the same heater. In addition, inter-room pollutant transport rates are reported for bedroom tests conducted with the window closed. While inter-room pollutant transport rates were less than 10 m 3 with the bedroom door closed (opening area less than 100 cm 2 ), they ranged from 16 m 3 /h to 53 m 3 /h with the bedroom door open 2.5 cm (opening = 520 cm 2 ), and ranged from 190 to 3400 m 3 /h with the door fully open (opening area = 15,000 cm 2 ). Continuous emission rate data are reported for tests conducted with the heater in the living room.
Large integer multiplication on hypercubes

Abstract Previous work has reported on the use of polynomial transforms to compute exact convolution and to perform multiplication of large integers on a massively parallel processor. We now present results of an improved technique, using the Fermat Number Transform. When the Fermat Number Transform was first proposed, word-length constraints limited its effectiveness. Despite the development of multidimensional techniques to extend the length of the FNT, the relatively small word length of existing machines made the transform of little more than academic interest. The emergence of new computer architectures, however, has made the Fermat Number Transform more attractive. On machines like the Connection Machine, for example, we may implement the Fermat Number Transform without regard to word-length considerations. We present a convolution algorithm on a massively parallel processor, based on the Fermat Number Transform. We present some examples of the trade-offs between modulus, interprocessor communication steps, and input size. We then discuss the application of this algorithm in the multiplication of large integers and report performance results on a Connection Machine. Our results show multiplication times ranging from about 50 ms for 2-kbit integers to 2 s for 8-Mbit integers, an improvement of about five times over previous work.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for acute fulminant inflammatory cardiomyopathy: series of six patients and review of literature.

Background Although an autoimmune mechanism has been postulated for myocarditis and acute-onset inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), immunomodulatory treatment strategies are still under investigation. Methods and Results The clinical data of six patients with acute inflammatory DCM referred for evaluation for possible heart transplantation were reviewed. All patients were admitted with acute congestive heart failure and severely impaired left ventricular (LV) function and were treated with high-dose (2g/kg) intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The diagnosis of acute inflammatory DCM was based on recent onset of congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class III or IV) with severely depressed LV ejection fraction ([LVEF] 30% or lower) occurring shortly after viral-like illness. All patients had inflammation on endomyocardial biopsy or elevated cardiac enzymes, as well as a normal coronary angiogram. All patients were in New York Heart Association class I or II at the time of hospital discharge. The mean LVEF improved from 21.7±7.5% at baseline to 50.3±8.6% at discharge (P=0.005). Four patients had complete recovery (LVEF 50% or higher) and two patients had partial LV recovery. Patients were followed for a median 13.2 months (range two to 24 months) and had a mean LVEF of 53±6% (P not significant versus LVEF at discharge). Conclusions Therapy with intravenous high-dose IVIG may be a potentially useful treatment in selected patients if given early in the course of acute fulminant inflammatory DCM. A randomized, prospective trial is warranted to prove the real benefit of IVIG in this patient population.
Technique for In Situ Coating of Ag+ Onto Silica Gel in HPLC Columns for the Separation of Geometrical Isomers

Abstract A method is described for the in situ coating of silver nitrate onto silica gel in high performance liquid chromatography columns. The columns effectively separated a series of geometrical isomers.
Absorption and surface-enhanced Raman spectra of silver organosols in ethanol

Abstract Colloidal silver, dispersed in ethanol and stabilized by adsorbed polymer, shows enhanced Raman scattering of the chromophore dabsyl (N-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene-4′-sulfonyl)aspartate, DABS ASP, in the presence of excess base. The requirement of the base appears linked to the adsorption of the dabsyl aspartate by interaction with the polymer and/or promotion of growth and aggregation of the silver particles. The latter conditions are indicated by changes in the absorption spectrum of the sol upon addition of base. The enhancement is comparable to that observed earlier for DABS ASP on colloidal silver in aqueous medium.
Broadband emission from InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs LED with integrated absorber by selective-area MOCVD

Three-step selective-area metal organic chemical vapour deposition is used to fabricate a strained layer InGaAs-GaAs-AlGaAs single quantum well broad spectrum LED with an integrated absorber. A tapered oxide width mask pattern is used for the active region regrowth to produce an edge emitting device with a continuous variation in the quantum well thickness and composition along its length. A maximum spectral width of 165 nm is obtained.
Racialized Readiness for College and Career: Toward an Equity-Grounded Social Science of Intervention Programming

Social science methodologies of intervention programming for college and career readiness, particularly in regard to evaluation, must be situated within a larger context of racialized readiness for...
Charge Collection in Impact Ionization MOS Transistors

Single Event Upset is listed as one of the major challenges for further scaled devices by ITRS. For any newly proposed device, it is very important to study the potential robustness against single event upset. The charge collection is the fundamental parameter to determine the device radiation hardness. In this paper, 2-D device simulations were performed to study the charge collection in impact ionization MOS devices. The charge collection dependencies on high energy particle strike location as well as different bias conditions have been investigated. Unlike in conventional SOI CMOS device, little charge amplification effect was observed in this emerging new device.
A Point Contingency for Homework Submission in the Graduate School Classroom.

We explored the effects of points versus no points on the submission of homework assignments and quiz performance in a graduate-level course. Students were more likely to submit homework assignments during points weeks, but quiz scores were relatively unaffected.
Phase I Trial of Yttrium-90--Labeled Anti--Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen Monoclonal Antibody J591 for Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer

Purpose To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD), toxicity, human antihuman antibody (HAHA) response, pharmacokinetics, organ dosimetry, targeting, and preliminary efficacy of yttrium-90–labeled anti–prostate-specific membrane antigen monoclonal antibody J591 (90Y-J591) in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer (PC). Patients and Methods Patients with androgen-independent PC and evidence of disease progression received indium-111–J591 for pharmacokinetic and biodistribution determinations followed 1 week later by 90Y-J591 at five dose levels: 5, 10, 15, 17.5, and 20 mCi/m2. Patients were eligible for up to three re-treatments if platelet and neutrophil recovery was satisfactory. Results Twenty-nine patients with androgen-independent PC received 90Y-J591, four of whom were re-treated. Dose limiting toxicity (DLT) was seen at 20 mCi/m2, with two patients experiencing thrombocytopenia with non–life-threatening bleeding episodes requiring platelet transfusions. The 17.5-mCi/m2 dose level was ...
Spillover-Partitioning Call Admission Control for Revenue Optimization with QoS Guarantees for Multiple Service Classes in Mobile Wireless Networks

We propose and analyze spillover-partitioning call admission control (CAC) for servicing multiple service classes in mobile wireless networks for revenue optimization with quality of service (QoS) guarantees. We evaluate the performance of spillover-partitioning CAC in terms of execution speed and optimal revenue obtainable by comparing it with existing CAC algorithms, including partitioning, threshold, and partitioning-threshold hybrid admission control algorithms. We also investigate fast spillover-partitioning CAC which effectively trades off solution optimality for solution efficiency. We demonstrate through test cases that spillover-partitioning CAC outperforms existing CAC algorithms for revenue optimization with QoS guarantees in both solution optimality and solution efficiency for serving multiple QoS service classes in wireless networks.
Communicating Design Quality Requirements for Public Sector Design/Build Projects

This paper reports the results of a research study focused on how public sector owners articulated the requirements for design quality management in design/build (DB) projects. The research used the content analysis of 75 DB requests for proposals located in 35 states with an aggregate contract value of over $700 million with the mean price per project at roughly $15 million. The projects came from seven federal agencies as well as several state agencies. It found public owners are not availing themselves of the opportunity to evaluate design-builder design quality management plans and are primarily relying on the qualifications evaluation process to ensure design quality requirements will be met. Additionally, virtually all of the public owners in the sample neglected to require constructability reviews as a design quality management requirement in spite of the published benefits of this type of review. Finally, the paper concludes this area is one where a great deal of improvement for practitioners rema...
Prehistory in the Pacific Islands: A Study of Variation in Language, Customs, and Human Biology . By John Terrel. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986. Illustrations, Tables, References, Author Index, Subject Index. N.p.

How, asks John Terrell in this richly illustrated and original book, can we best account for the remarkable diversity of the Pacific Islanders in biology, language, and custom? Traditionally scholars have recognized a simple racial division between Polynesians, Micronesians, Melanesians, Australians, and South-east Asians: peoples allegedly differing in physical appearance, temperament, achievements, and perhaps even intelligence. Terrell shows that such simple divisions do not fit the known facts and provide little more than a crude, static picture of human diversity.
Plant Sensing and Signaling in Response to K+-Deficiency

Potassium (K(+)) is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development. However, K(+) content in soils is usually limited so that the crop yields are restricted. Plants may adapt to K(+)-deficient environment by adjusting their physiological and morphological status, indicating that plants may have evolved their sensing and signaling mechanisms in response to K(+)-deficiency. This short review particularly discusses some components as possible sensors or signal transducers involved in plant sensing and signaling in response to K(+)-deficiency, such as K(+) channels and transporters, H(+)-ATPase, some cytoplasmic enzymes, etc. Possible involvement of Ca²(+) and ROS signals in plant responses to K(+)-deficiency is also discussed.
Two Introns Define Functional Domains of a Neuropeptide Precursor in Aplysia1

Biologically active peptides are synthesized as parts of precursor proteins which are proteolytically processed to generate active molecules. The structure of the gene encoding peptides expressed in Aplysia neurons R3–14 suggests that two intervening sequences split the transcript into functional domains. The first exon encodes the 5' untranslated region, the second exon the signal sequence and the bulk of the negative charge of the precursor protein while the third exon encodes the remainder of the precursor and the 3' untranslated region.
Decreased Endogenous Levels of Ac-SDKP Promote Organ Fibrosis

There is convincing evidence that chronic treatment with N-acetyl-seryl-aspartyl-lysyl-proline (Ac-SDKP), a peptide normally found in tissues and biological fluids, reduces collagen deposition in the heart and kidneys of hypertensive rats and rats with myocardial infarction. However, it is not known whether endogenous Ac-SDKP at basal concentrations has any physiological function related to collagen deposition. Prolyl oligopeptidase is responsible for release of Ac-SDKP from its precursor thymosin-β 4 . When we treated rats with a specific oral rolyl oligopeptidase inhibitor, Ac-SDKP decreased significantly in the plasma, heart, and kidney. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that endogenous Ac-SDKP at basal levels plays a physiological role, antagonizing and/or preventing excessive collagen deposition. We studied whether chronic blockade of Ac-SDKP promotes collagen accumulation and/or accelerates this process in the presence of a profibrotic stimulus such as angiotensin II. We found that decreased basal levels of Ac-SDKP increased cardiac and renal perivascular fibrosis and promoted glomerulosclerosis. Moreover, in the presence of angiotensin II decreasing basal levels of Ac-SDKP accelerated interstitial cardiac fibrosis attributable to an increase in cells that produce collagen. We concluded that Ac-SDKP participates in the regulation of collagen content under normal conditions. We believe this is the first study showing that this peptide plays a physiological role at basal concentrations, preventing organ collagen accumulation.
The use of extubation readiness parameters: a survey of pediatric critical care physicians.

BACKGROUND: The pediatric literature addressing extubation readiness parameters and strategies to wean from mechanical ventilation is limited. METHODS: We designed a survey to assess the use of extubation readiness parameters among pediatric critical care physicians at academic centers in the United States. RESULTS: The overall response rate was 44.1% (417/945). The majority of respondents check for air leak and the amount of tracheal secretions. Fewer respondents use sedation score, the rapid shallow breathing index, or the airway-occlusion pressure 0.1 s after the start of inspiratory flow prior to extubation. The majority perform a spontaneous breathing trial with pressure support. The majority consider 30 cm H2O as the upper limit of an air leak test, and the need for endotracheal suctioning once every 2–4 hours as acceptable for extubation. In preparation for termination of mechanical ventilation the majority daily wean the ventilator rate and/or the pressure support instead of conducting a spontaneous breathing trial. CONCLUSIONS: Most pediatric critical care physicians reported assessing extubation readiness by checking air leak and suctioning need, and less often consider or perform sedation score or the rapid shallow breathing index.