cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lorentz-invariant formulation of Cherenkov radiation by tachyons

Previous treatments of Cherenkov radiation, electromagnetic and gravitational, by tachyons were in error because the prescription employed to cut off the divergent integral over frequency is not a Lorentz invariant procedure. The resulting equation of motion for the tachyon is therefore not covariant. The proper procedure requires an extended, deformable distribution of charge or mass and yields a particularly simple form for the tachyon's world line, one that could be deduced from simple invariance considerations. It is shown that Cherenkov radiation by tachyons implys their ultimate annihilation with an antitachyon and demonstrates a disturbing property of tachyons, namely the impossibility of specifying arbitrary Cauchy data even in a purely classical theory.
Shock-wave interaction with air-supported structures: The response of air-supported models to low-yield nuclear-blast effects is characterized through the use of a low-mach, high-mass-flow shock tube

A low-mach, high-mass-flow, shock tube was used to characterize the response of air-supported models to low-yield nuclear-blast effects. Shock-wave interaction with balloons and ellipsoidal sections was observed with shadowgraphic technique and internal-pressure measurements were made. In each case, protection from dynamic forces was achieved and the internal pressure exhibited differences from the shock-wave overpressure. Although deformation was large, most models survived frequent tests at relatively high overpressures. Relatively inexpensive air-supported structures afford some degree of protection against blast effects.
Case Study on a Software Communications Architecture Component for Hardware Acceleration

In this paper we introduce an architecture for hardware acceleration of Software Communication Architecture (SCA) components. Intercommunication, as well as responsiveness and power dissipation, is essential for the components of SCA. Thus, we studied the SCA to explore the hotspot function and optimize its overall performance to not only operate efficiently but also in an energy-efficient way. We spotted the amplifier function takes a significant amount of the execution time which involves single-precision floating-point computation. A case study on the implementation of the amplifier component on the Virtex5 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform is presented. Consequently, we make a comparison of the hardware accelerated amplifier implementation employing a floating-point unit (FPU) engine over pure software implementation with no FPU support. We obtained a speedup of up to 2x faster while minimizing the energy consumption by up to 100% with a power consumption increase of 0.68%, achieving our goal.
Exposure to maternal voice in preterm infants: a review.

The mother’s voice, along with other developmentally appropriate sensory events (i.e., touch, light, smells) stimulates maturation of the sensory systems and helps shape normal fetal development. While vast changes in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) have occurred over the last two decades, little research has addressed the loss of exposure to maternal voice for the preterm infant. To address this gap, we compared studies that directly investigated effects of exposure to maternal voice on preterm infants. Studies reviewed were conducted between 1972–2007. All presented recordings of maternal voice at sound levels above current recommendations, and few of the findings reached statistical significance. Some potentially positive developmental effects were indicated. Future study of the effects of exposure to maternal voice on preterm infants using recommended sound levels is needed.
METRIZAMIDE INSUFFLATION BRONCHOGRAPHY: A NEWDIAGNOSTIC APPROACH

The search for a better and safer technique for roentgenographic opacification of the canine bronchial tree led to experimentation with metrizamide insufflation. Because metrizamide may be obtained in a microparticulate powdered form, it was postulated that oxygen pressure deliver through a powder blower connected to a selective bronchial catheter would produce a diagnostic quality bronchogram. Metrizamide was used because of its biologically inert, water soluble properties. The delivery system consisted of a DeVilbiss No. 175 Powder Blower attached to an oxygen clinder with pressure regulator. A soft polyethylene catheter with flexible wire guide was used for selective bronchial catheterization under fluoroscopic control. Oxygen pressure for delivery was kept below 20 pounds/in2, and oxygen flow was controlled by a footswitch. Insufflation was performed with the animal in ventrodorsal recumbency. Three to eight grams of metrizamide were selectively delivered to the left caudal, right caudal, and accessory lung lobes in 0.5-to 1.0 second bursts over a period of 1–5 minutes. Powder deposition in subsegmental bronchi was adequate when the insufflation catheter was placed in primary bronchi. Cranial lobe bronchi could be opacified by gravity directed flow of contrast medium-laden bronchial mucous. Alveolarization and radiographic clearing of me-trizamide from the pulmonary field occurred within 30 to 60 minutes. No insufflation-induced radiographic lesions were recognized. Gross necropsy did not reveal lesions associated with insufflation. Histopathologic examination showed mild multifocal lesions of pneumonitis.
Large electrostatic accelerators

Abstract The International Conference in Buenos Aires in 1985 marked the beginning of a period of consolidation and exceptionally profitable experimental use for many large electrostatic accelerators. During this period several machines have been upgraded or brought on line and injection into boosters has become more important. The effects of these changes are reviewed for several large North American accelerators. Operating practices and technical developments are compared and related to improvements in utilization, reliability and performance.
Finite-temperature properties of ( Ba , Sr ) Ti O 3 systems from atomistic simulations

An effective Hamiltonian approach is developed to mimic finite-temperature properties of $({\mathrm{Ba}}_{x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ perovskite systems. It is found that this atomistic approach is overall quite accurate to qualitatively and quantitatively reproduce the experimental composition-temperature phase diagram of the disordered solid solutions (especially, for compositions $x$ larger than 25%), when allowing one single parameter to deviate from its first-principles-derived value. Interestingly, such approach also yields predictions that are in good agreement with direct first-principles calculations for $\mathrm{Ba}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}∕\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ superlattices. The proposed approach is thus promising to investigate phenomena in any perovskite system made of Ba, Sr, Ti, and O atoms, independently of the overall composition and atomic arrangement.
Maintenance therapies for hepatitis C

Despite improvements in antiviral therapy for hepatitis C virus, 50% of patients still fail to clear virus despite optimal therapy with pegylated interferon and ribavirin. No effective treatment has been identified for these nonresponders and consideration should be given to maintenance therapy in patients with advanced fibrotic liver disease. Maintenance therapy is focused on preventing liver failure, hepatocellular cancer, and progression of fibrosis. Multiple agents have been proposed and tried as maintenance therapy, but the leading candidate is low-dose pegylated interferon monotherapy, which is being studied in several large clinical trials. The clinician must individualize choice of maintenance therapy with risk of disease progression, and no definite guidelines exist for maintenance therapy at the present time.
Cervical Foraminal Versus Interlaminar Epidurals: Risks, Benefits, and Alternatives

The goal of cervical epidural corticosteroid injections is to ameliorate pain from cervical radiculopathy. Controversy remains regarding the use and optimal delivery route of epidural medications in the cervical spine. The purpose of this review article is to compare the risks and benefits associated with cervical interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections, and to describe alternatives to their use.
Effect of length-biased sampling on the modeling error

In statistical data analysis, the choice of an appropriate model is a very important factor. An inappropriate model leads to a different kind of error in the analysis. This error has been called by C. R. Rao as type III error or modeling error as opposed to type I and type II errors in statistical inference.In This paper we Study the relative errors in Incurred by Erroneously Assuming the Distribution of the Family Size N as P(n) While in fact it is the Length-biased (Weighted) Version of P(n).An Analytical Expression for the Relative Error,When the Distribution of N Belongs to the Class of Modified Power Series Distributions, is Derived. More Specifically, the Effect of length-biasing on the Relative Error is Investigated, When N Follows a Generalized Poisson Distribution. These Results are Compared With the Case When N Follows a Poisson Distribution.
Crustacean 2 in 1

The Biology of Mysids and Euphausiids. Advances in Marine Biology, 18. By J. Mauchline. Pp.677. ISBN 0-12-026118-9. (Academic: 1981.) £38.60, $89.
Endoscopic Venous Valve Transplantation with a Valve–Stent Device

In this report we describe the outcome of a 6-week study of the valve-stent device in a goat model. Six female goats underwent endoscopic subcutaneous harvest of a valve-containing segment of external jugular vein. This segment was sutured inside a 10-mm Wallstent (Schneider Inc., USA), and the device was compressed and loaded into a 12 Fr. introducer sheath and deployed through a venotomy into the contralateral external jugular vein. The animals were anticoagulated for 1 week and euthanized at 6 weeks. Flow studies, manual strip test, and angioscopic evaluation were performed prior to sacrifice. All six valve-stents were patent at harvest by Doppler flow studies, and five of six were competent as demonstrated by the manual strip test. At angioscopic evaluation, the valves were open. Gross and histologic examination revealed intact valve leaflets in five specimens. This technique is a minimally invasive approach to valve harvest and transplantation with a valve-stent device. We have demonstrated that valve-stent can remain patent and competent for up to 6 weeks. This technique may have potential application in venous valvular incompetence.
Components of a randomized clinical trial

The purpose of this paper is to discuss a number of components associated with the design, development and conduct of a randomized clinical trial (RCT). In a RCT, a patient is entered into a protocol in which therapy is randomly assigned. Thus, neither the patient nor the care provider have active roles in deciding treatment. The elements of informed consent were developed to ensure that the patient's interests are protected. The informed consent document serves as the cornerstone of a clinical study by introducing patients to the research protocol, informing them of their role as participants in the study, and educating them of their rights. Questions regarding ethics arise during all phases of a study. A study designed with insufficient sample size will provide inconclusive data, thus making participation in the study of limited to no value. Conversely, having patients enrolled in a RCT after data has proved superiority of an arm of the study postpones beneficial therapy for patients and society. Other ethical conflicts arise when subjects are recruited for clinical trials. Special care must be taken to avoid coercion in protected populations such as students, employees, the mentally challenged, and the indigent. Careful planning with adequate attention to consent form development can minimize problems and optimize patient care and research integrity. The role of the RCT in the future is unclear. The logistics of conducting a multicentered trial has escalated the costs of new agents in terms of both time and money. In many cases, the decision to conduct a RCT is made on the potential profitability of the product/agent under test. Whatever the reasons credited for conducting an RCT, the research must be adequately designed to protect both the subjects involved in the study, as well as humankind from erroneous data.
Acceptance of Feedback by the Stigmatized and Non-Stigmatized: The Mediating Role of the Motive of the Evaluator

We examined the acceptance of interpersonal performance feedback and its effect on self-esteem among participants who received feedback from evaluators who were likely to be racially biased or unbi...
Spectral shifts of the p-aminophenylthyl radical absorption and emission in solution

Abstract The absorption and fluorescence spectra of the reactive p-aminophenylthiyl radical were observed in several solvents. Analysis of the spectral shifts yielded dipole moments for the ground and excited states of 4.3 D and 7.3 D, respectively. These values suggest a significant contribution of ionic resonance forms to both states.
Effects of storage methods on chemical composition of manure and manure decomposition in soil in small-scale Kenyan systems

Abstract As a soil amendment, cattle manure enhances soil mineral N content if managed correctly. Manure management varies among smallholder Kenyan farms, yet the quality of manure produced by different methods has not been assessed. This study examined the effects of storage method on the manure N composition and degradability in the soil. Nitrogen composition of manure from cattle fed high and low quality diets, stored under different containment, shading, and manure addition methods was monitored for 30 days. Manure aged 30 days was buried in soil in large- and small mesh litterbags. The disappearance of organic N was monitored over 112 days. Time in storage ( P P P P
The 2013 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Chemistry presented to Jerrold Meinwald, Ph.D.

Abstract For his pioneering work leading to the establishment of the field of chemical ecology, his fundamental studies of how chemicals act as repellents and attractants between organisms that has paved the way for the use of these chemicals in a variety of biomedical, agricultural, forestry and household applications.
Family Support Mediates the Association Between Substance Use Severity and Suicidal Ideation in Early Adult Emergency Department Patients

Suicidality and its etiology in non-treatment-seeking substance abusers is understudied. We address this gap by examining data collected in 2009–2010 on suicidal ideation (SI) in early adult, urban emergency department patients (N = 505) . Prevalence of past year SI was 15 %. A positive, indirect effect of cocaine use severity, but not alcohol or marijuana use severity, on likelihood of SI mediated through family support was found. Implications and future directions for ED practices and suicide risk etiology among this population are discussed, as well as study limitations. Funding provided by the Substance and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA).
A Holy Grail of Clinical Pharmacology: Prediction of Drug Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in the Individual Patient

Predicting drug kinetics and dynamics in an individual patient is a worthy goal and has some chance of success for drugs subject to marked pharmacogenetic differences. However, one should not expect any prediction success for drugs primarily metabolized by the major cytochrome P450 enzyme, CYP3A4, whether one uses an exogenous drug or an endogenous metabolic process, such as the oxidation of cortisol.
Universal procedure for the assessment of the reproducibility and the classification of silica-based reversed-phase packings: II. Classification of reversed-phase packings

Abstract The tools developed for the testing of the reproducibility of several commercial packings have been used to study the differences and similarities of over 50 different commercial reversed-phase packings. The tests employed allow a characterization of the hydrophobicity of packings, the silanol activity at neutral and acidic pH, a differentiation between classical packings and packings with an embedded polar functional group, and a differentiation between C18 and C8 packings.
The risk of carnitine deficiency in children with chronic gastrointestinal diseases on long-term parenteral nutrition

The risk of carnitine deficiency in children with chronic gastrointestinal diseases on long-term parenteral nutrition
Anodic stripping voltammetry at mercury “films” deposited on conducting poly(3‐methylthiophene) electrodes

The incorporation of mercury into a conducting poly(3-methylthiophene) [P3MT] film results in an effective electrode for the analysis of lead in aqueous media. Mercury “films” were deposited electrochemically following the electropolymerization step. The resulting surfaces were characterized by cyclic voltammetry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray analysis techniques. The analytical performance of the electrode was examined for the determination of lead (II) ions in aqueous media. The differential pulse peak current, at −0.59 V, is ca 10-fold larger than the corresponding peak at the plain platinum electrode. Linear calibration curves are obtained for lead concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 ppm. The detection limit is 0.05 ppm. The relative standard deviation (at the 0.3 ppm level) is 2%. Interference effects were also studied. The new polymer modified electrode showed great promise toward resistance to surfactant fouling.
Albumin separation with Cibacron Blue carrying macroporous chitosan and chitin affinity membranes

Abstract Cibacron Blue F3GA, Procion Red HE-3B and Procion Blue MX-R were immobilized on macroporous chitosan and chitin membranes with concentrations as high as 10–200 μmol/ml membrane. These dyed membranes were chemically and mechanically stable, could be reproducibly prepared, and operated at high flow rates. Human serum albumin (HSA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were selected as model proteins, and their adsorption on and desorption from the dyed chitosan membranes investigated. The Cibacron Blue F3GA membranes had a higher protein adsorption capacity, much greater for HSA than BSA, than the other dyed membranes. About 8.4 mg HSA/ml membrane were adsorbed at saturation by Cibacron Blue F3GA–chitosan membranes from a 0.05 M Tris–HCl/0.05 M NaCl, pH 8 solution. The chitin membranes had a lower dye content and hence a lower protein adsorption capacity than the chitosan membranes. The effects of important operation parameters (flow rate, protein concentration and loading) were also investigated. Cibacron Blue F3GA–chitosan membranes were employed for the separation of HSA from human plasma and high purity HSA thus obtained. This suggests that these membranes could be used for large-scale plasma fractionation.
Quantifying functional group interactions that determine urea effects on nucleic acid helix formation.

Urea destabilizes helical and folded conformations of nucleic acids and proteins, as well as protein–nucleic acid complexes. To understand these effects, extend previous characterizations of interactions of urea with protein functional groups, and thereby develop urea as a probe of conformational changes in protein and nucleic acid processes, we obtain chemical potential derivatives (μ23 = dμ2/dm3) quantifying interactions of urea (component 3) with nucleic acid bases, base analogues, nucleosides, and nucleotide monophosphates (component 2) using osmometry and hexanol–water distribution assays. Dissection of these μ23 values yields interaction potentials quantifying interactions of urea with unit surface areas of nucleic acid functional groups (heterocyclic aromatic ring, ring methyl, carbonyl and phosphate O, amino N, sugar (C and O); urea interacts favorably with all these groups, relative to interactions with water. Interactions of urea with heterocyclic aromatic rings and attached methyl groups (as on...
β-Methyl-15- p -iodophenylpentadecanoic acid metabolism and kinetics in the isolated rat heart

The use of 15-p-iodophenyl-β-methyl-pentadecanoic acid (βMe-IPPA) as an indicator of long chain fatty acid (LCFA) utilization in nuclear medicine studies was evaluated in the isolated, perfused, working rat heart. Time courses of radioctivity (residue curves) were obtained following bolus injections of both βMe-IPPA and its straight chain counterpart 15-p-iodophenyl-pentadecanoic acid (IPPA). IPPA kinetics clearly indicated flow independent impairment of fatty acid oxidation caused by the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA). In contrast, βMe-IPPA kinetics were insenstive to changes in fatty acid oxidation rate and net utilization of long chain fatty acid. Analysis of radiolabeled species in coronary effluent and heart homogenates showed the methylated fatty acid to be readily incorporated into complex lipids but a poor substrate for oxidation. POCA did not significatly alter metabolism of the tracer, suggesting that the tracer is poorly metabolized beyond βMe-IPPA-CoA in the oxidative pathway.
Debunking myths in physician-industry conflicts of interest.

Purpose To call attention to the myths that surround physician–industry conflicts of interest, to refute their validity, and to propose ways to address them so as to insure that physicians make medical practice decisions in the best interest of their patients. Design Perspective. Methods Review, analysis, and discussion of the implications of selected pertinent literature. Results Physicians often have voluntary financial relationships with industry based on behaviors and motivations that include entitlement, recognition, belonging, and money. The pharmaceutical and device industry spends billions of dollars annually in marketing to physicians. The sophisticated marketing plan seeks access to physicians through gifting mechanisms to ingratiate them and to influence them to prescribe industry's drugs and to purchase its products. Despite widely accepted studies that demonstrate that industry's marketing activities influence physicians' medical practice behavior to the detriment of patients and the public, physicians persist in voicing myths to justify their partaking of industry's largesse. Many physicians believe that their voluntary financial conflicts of interest with industry can be managed by simply disclosing them and by “being honest.” Yet there is no support from well-conducted studies to support the effectiveness of this approach. Conclusions Medical organizations and academic institutions are the ones to take the lead in recognizing that these voluntary financial conflicts of interest are unacceptable and should be stopped. Such conflicts mainly relate to the acceptance of gifts and money that are designed to influence behavior and are a form of financial coercion.
Abstract IA13: Glioma stem cells and cancer

Malignant GBMs are incurable tumors that progress within a year9s time. Genome wide studies have pinpointed prevalent cancer associated mutions in GBM and among these, the tumor suppressors p53, Pten and NF1 are among the most frequently found. We have developed mouse models of GBM via mutation of p53, Pten and NF1 in the brain. Among the many key insights gleaned from studies with our mouse models have been: 1) The first demonstration that stem cells are the major source of these tumors. 2) The demonstration that all tumor cells are not equivalent and that the Cancer Stem Cells, a subpopulation of cells, are the root of tumor progression. 3) The discovery of a distinct form of GBM that arises in a different cell population and that has unique properties. This novel form of GBM has until now been grouped together with the predominant form of GBM. Our work will lead to a separation of prognosis and treatment for the different forms. In addition, using high throughput screens, we have small compounds in development that specifically target GBM cells but not normally dividing cells. I will discuss these advances and the implications for glioma, solid tumors and cancer in general. Citation Format: Luis F. Parada. Glioma stem cells and cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Third AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Basic Cancer Research; Sep 18-22, 2013; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
Cover Picture: Recent Developments in Nanostructured Materials (Adv. Eng. Mater. 11/2005)

The cover shows transmission electron micrographs of typical microstructures in as-deposited copper samples. More about recent developments in nanostructured materials research can be found in the review paper by C. Suryanarayana on page 983. Nanostructured materials with extremely fine grain sizes, typically less than 100 nm, have been shown to exhibit extremely high strength and hardness, increased diffusivity, useful sintering characteristics, and other unusual properties. Significant developments have taken place in recent years in trying to achieve high strength and ductility at the same time. New and potential applications are also being sought after. Several commercial ventures have also started (estimated to be around 1000 in different parts of the world). This overview will present the recent developments in our understanding of the mechanical behavior and molecular dynamics simulation studies, highlight the present unresolved issues, and discuss some of the promising applications for these novel and exciting materials.
Computer Interval Arithmetic: Definition and Proof of Correct Implementation

A definition is given of computer interval arithmetic suitable for implementation on a digital computer. Some computational properties and simplifications are derived. An ALGOL code segment is proved to be a correct implementation of the definition on a specified machine environment.
Implementation of Effective Treatments of Preschool Behavior Problems in a Clinic Setting

Epidemiological data indicate that nearly 20% of preschool aged children have significant behavioral problems. Parents typically consult their child’s primary care provider, who frequently refers to child psychologists for treatment regarding these difficulties. Psychologists skilled in providing effective services for young children are in short supply, limiting accessibility, and parents often are reluctant to follow up with a mental health specialist, suggesting low acceptability. The Behavior Consultation Clinic is a structured clinic for preschool children designed to address these issues of effectiveness, accessibility and acceptability. A retrospective review of 550 patients seen over a 5-year period found that half were seen for one therapy session. Review of the remaining patients found that slightly more than half showed improvement (32% successful discharge with improvement, 24% premature discharge with improvement) with a typical range of two to seven half-hour sessions, about a quarter did not improve, and the remaining patients were referred to a higher level of service. These data indicate that a structured, brief clinic that focuses on the needs of preschool children utilizing evidence-based approaches can be effective, acceptable, and accessible. The Behavior Consultation Clinic also serves as a training clinic for psychology interns and pediatric medical residents.
A delay in publication of the "Annual Summary of Vital Statistics" and the need for new vital registration and statistics systems for the United States.

Since 1950, an “Annual Summary of Vital Statistics” article has appeared in every December issue of Pediatrics . For 44 years, the article was written by Myron Wegman,1 a pediatrician and public health leader, who died earlier this year at the age of 95.2 Since 1995, the article has been authored by a group of colleagues from the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) and the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.3 The goal of the article has been to keep pediatricians and public health officials up to date with the changing indicators of reproductive, perinatal, and children’s health in the United States. The delay in publishing this year’s “Annual Summary” requires an explanation to the many readers who have come to expect it. The specific reason for the delay is late receipt of data from some states. This lack of timeliness is attributed to state systems that were not easily modified to handle the new data standards for the 2003 … Address correspondence to Bernard Guyer, MD, MPH, Zanvyl Krieger Professor of Children’s Health, Department of Population and Family Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N Wolfe St, Room E4146, Baltimore, MD 21205. E-mail: bguyer{at}jhsph.edu
Characteristically Simple $\aleph_0$-Categorical Groups

On etudie des groupes aleph 0 -categoriques denombrables qui sont caracteristiquement simples et ont des sousgroupes propres d'indice fini. On determine de tels groupes a un isomorphisme pres et on montre que leurs theories sont finiment axiomatisables
A Clovis Fluted Point from Coastal Waters in Southern New Jersey

ABSTRACT This report documents a Clovis-like fluted point found in shallow watersof Great Egg Harbor Bay, a backbarrier lagoon along the Jersey shore. Theartifact hasa complicated life history and issignificant by enriching the vastlyincomplete Paleoindian data base from New Jersey’s Outer Coastal Plain.Despite the extraordinary circumstances of its discovery, this fluted pointcalls new attention to the potential of nearshore and estuarine settings in oursearch for traces of the First Americans in eastern North America. INTRODUCTION Other than by scattered discoveries of artifacts and elephant teeth, it isunlikely that we shall ever know much about the specific sites of occupancyof earlier American Man on the submerged continental shelf.JohnC.Kraft(1977) Our understanding of lifeways, settlement, and migrations of Paleoindians(i.e., the First Americans) in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight of North Americais biased by post-glacial sea level rises and inundation of the once-exposedcontinental shelf. Through time, these forces reconfigured dramatically thecoastline and ecosystems of New Jersey and the Delmarva Peninsula (Edwardsand Emery, 1977; Edwards and Merrill, 1977; Emery and Edwards, 1966) (seeFigure 1). Also via this marine transgression Paleoindian sites eroded away, theirartifacts dispersed amid the swash and backwash of breaking waves (Kraft,1977). Far fewer sites that escaped destruction by rising sea level today lie beyondour reach many meters underwater, covered by a blanket of ocean sediment.
Temperament as a correlate of adolescent defences mechanisms

The Revised Dimensions of Temperament Survey, which assesses nine dimensions of temperament, and the Denfense Style Questionnaire, used to assess defense mechanisms, were completed by 107 female adolescents. Temperament was found to be strongly correlated with defense style, particulary with immature defenses (p=0.0001). The findings support the hypothesis that the biological dimension of temperament is correlated with specific defense mechanisms.
Non-small cell lung carcinoma cell motility, rac activation and metastatic dissemination are mediated by protein kinase C epsilon.

Background: Protein kinase C (PKC) e, a key signaling transducer implicated in mitogenesis, survival, and cancer progression, is overexpressed in human primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The role of PKCe in lung cancer metastasis has not yet been established. Principal Findings: Here we show that RNAi-mediated knockdown of PKCe in H358, H1299, H322, and A549 NSCLC impairs activation of the small GTPase Rac1 in response to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum, or epidermal growth factor (EGF). PKCe depletion markedly impaired the ability of NSCLC cells to form membrane ruffles and migrate. Similar results were observed by pharmacological inhibition of PKCe with eV1-2, a specific PKCe inhibitor. PKCe was also required for invasiveness of NSCLC cells and modulated the secretion of extracellular matrix proteases and protease inhibitors. Finally, we found that PKCe-depleted NSCLC cells fail to disseminate to lungs in a mouse model of metastasis. Conclusions: Our results implicate PKCe as a key mediator of Rac signaling and motility of lung cancer cells, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target.
A randomized trial examining differential meal replacement adherence in a weight loss maintenance program after one-year follow-up.

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between patterns of meal replacement (MR) adherence and changes in outcomes during a behaviorally-oriented weight loss program. Data from the present study are based on sixty female participants (age: 29–62 years, BMI: 27.99–37.50 kg/m 2 ). Participants were randomized into either a control or experimental condition, which tested the use of MRs during weight loss maintenance. Outcome measures included body weight, depression, physical activity, cognitive restraint, disinhibition, hunger, and binge eating collected at four assessment points. Within the experimental condition, we further examined adherence to MRs and its relationship with the outcome measures. We found evidence of differences at baseline on some measures (e.g., weight, physical activity and depression) while on others (cognitive restraint, disinhibition, and hunger), differences that emerged over the course of treatment. Further research is necessary to determine if there are measures associated with successful MR use that can be detected at baseline and if MR adherence itself leads to changes in eating behavior.
On the existence, uniqueness and stability of spatial equilibrium in an open city with externalities

Abstract This paper deals with the existence, uniqueness and stability of a spatial equilibrium in an open city with external diseconomies like air pollution generated by manufacturing activities. First, assuming that both production functions and utility functions are Cobb-Douglas, we prove the existence of a spatial equilibrium under some reasonable assumptions. It is shown, however, that the uniqueness and stability of the equilibrium may not be obtained, unless the degree of externality is sufficiently small. In fact, none of the equilibria will be stable for a certain set of speeds of adjustment in the labor market and the land market, if the degree of externality is relatively large. Finally, some implications of our results are derived in regard to the application of the hedonic price concept within the context of a spatial equilibrium model.
Studies on the response of SJL-J mice to infection with the lactate dehydrogenase virus.

Infection of SJL/J mice with the lactate dehydrogenase virus resulted in a greater increase in the plasma activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, and isocitrate dehydrogenase than expected from findings with other inbred strains. Evidence is presented to suggest that the differences are due to an exaggerated reduction in the clearance of these enzymes. It is postulated that the data signify a deficiency in the function of the reticuloendothelial system of SJL/J mice.
Emotional reactions to narratives

Abstract This expose examines how people react to nonfiction narratives about the fortunes of individuals and groups that manifest the public cast of characters in the daily news. In contrast to prevalent presumptions of response uniformity, a diversity of emotional reactions to themes commonly categorized as bad or good news is projected. It is proposed and documented that frequent exposure to public personnel results in the formation of affective dispositions, and that these dispositions then govern the elicitation of emotions in response to revelations of the characters' bad or good fortunes. Drama-appreciation theory is invoked to explain the disposition-specific emotional reactivity. The function of moral considerations in the overriding of empathic response tendencies is elaborated and shown to span the fiction–nonfiction dichotomy.
Vibration of two bonded composites: effects of the interface and distinct periodic structures

Small elastic vibrations of two particulate composites that are caused by a non-plane time-harmonic wave are investigated. Effects of the adhesive interface and distinct periodic structures on the transmission and reflection of acoustic waves are rigorously analyzed. A two-scale asymptotic expansion with interfacial correctors is introduced to account for the macro- and micromechanical effects on wave propagation. An efficient algorithm is developed for computing first and second order corrections for the coefficients that depend on the composites microstructure and the interfacial constraint.
On the pressure of water of crystallization at filler inclusions

On water uptake, plaster of Paris sets to gypsum, and the volume expansion associated with this particular hydration reaction has been long exploited to make casts for statuary. Immobilization of molecules of liquid water into the crystal lattice of water of crystallization gives rise to a decrease of entropy, and this is manifested by the so-called heat of hydration. When it occurs at a calcium sulfate inclusion inside a polymer, the plaster of Paris gypsum reaction generates a pressure, and the dependence of the equilibrium value of this pressure on temperature is expressed by Clapeyron's equation. From published data for the volume expansion ΔV and entropy decrease ΔS, it is shown that Using as a benchmark the fact that p is zero at 100°C, the temperature at which plaster of Paris, gypsum, and liquid solution can exist in thermodynamic equilibrium (1), we find that hydration at ambient temperatures of a typical calcium sulfate filler composition will, under conditions of thermodynamic equilibrium, generate sufficient pressure to cause internal cracking. Attention is drawn to the fact that creation of water of crystallization pressures of similar magnitude can be expected for any other filler that can exist in more than one state of hydration. As a corollary, the Clapeyron equation is used to make a similar analysis of the phenomenon of frost shattering in polymeric materials that contain free water.
Free-carrier absorption in Si nanocrystals probed by microcavity photoluminescence

Resonant photoluminescence of Si-nanocrystals is used to determine their free-carrier absorption cross-section (sigmaFCA) at visible/near-infrared wavelengths. Rate-equation modeling, including ensemble effects, yields sigmaFCA = 7:8 times 10-18 cm2 at 895 nm. This has implications for Si-based laser design at various wavelengths.
Staphylococcus epidermidis Graft Infection Is Associated With Locally Suppressed Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II and Elevated MAC-1 Expression

Objectives: To determine the local cellular immune response in a series of human patients withStaphylococcus epidermidisprosthetic graft infection and to use a murine model to investigate the response in polytef (PTFE) and in a nonslime-producing Sepidermidisvariant. Methods: Externally supported Dacron and PTFE grafts, either sterile or colonized with slime (RP-62A)- or non-slime (RP-62NA)-producing Sepidermidis(107colony forming units/cm2) were implanted in a dorsal subcutaneous pocket of Swiss Webster mice (Taconic, Germantown, NY). The grafts were harvested at 7, 10, 14, and 28 days with local bacterial and leukocyte counts obtained. Perigraft and blood monocyte major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) (immune antigen) and membrane attack complex type 1 (MAC-1) (glycoprotein) expression were analyzed by flow cytometry in the murine model and in 3 patients representing 4 Dacron graft infections. Results: The human infected Dacron perigraft monocytes revealed a suppressed MHC-II and elevated MAC-1 expression, and early correlation with the murine model was seen. No notable perigraft monocyte MHC-II suppression occurred in the infected PTFE graft. The reciprocal relationship in Dacron between monocyte MAC-1 and MHC-II expression was exaggerated with the lack of slime production. Bacterial clearance was variable. Supranormal expression was observed at 1 month in sterile Dacron but not in PTFE grafts. Conclusions: Staphylococcus epidermidisinfection is associated with local cellular immune suppression in Dacron but not PTFE grafts. Slime-producing Sepidermidisinduced a lesser cytotoxic-phagocytic response than the nonslime variant. The reduced immunologic response to slime-producing Sepidermidismay explain, in part, its indolent nature and resistance to eradication. Arch Surg. 1997;132:894-902
Understanding the Medicare Part D Prescription Program: Partnerships for Beneficiaries and Health Care Professionals

The Medicare Part D prescription coverage plan became available to qualified beneficiaries under Medicare on January 1, 2006. The plans provided by private insurers and state programs have challenged Medicare beneficiaries in their understanding of enrollment issues, availability of medications at an affordable cost, and use of community resources for consultation regarding prescription coverage. A total of 72 beneficiaries were interviewed during their attendance at one of six senior centers during the months of September to December 2006. Each beneficiary noted that financial cost was a priority in his or her choice of prescription coverage. Results of this qualitative research study provide guidance to health care professionals planning instruction or providing informational assistance to beneficiaries and/or families.
Microdiversity of extracellular enzyme genes among sequenced prokaryotic genomes

Understanding the relationship between prokaryotic traits and phylogeny is important for predicting and modeling ecological processes. Microbial extracellular enzymes have a pivotal role in nutrient cycling and the decomposition of organic matter, yet little is known about the phylogenetic distribution of genes encoding these enzymes. In this study, we analyzed 3058 annotated prokaryotic genomes to determine which taxa have the genetic potential to produce alkaline phosphatase, chitinase and β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase enzymes. We then evaluated the relationship between the genetic potential for enzyme production and 16S rRNA phylogeny using the consenTRAIT algorithm, which calculated the phylogenetic depth and corresponding 16S rRNA sequence identity of clades of potential enzyme producers. Nearly half (49.2%) of the genomes analyzed were found to be capable of extracellular enzyme production, and these were non-randomly distributed across most prokaryotic phyla. On average, clades of potential enzyme-producing organisms had a maximum phylogenetic depth of 0.008004–0.009780, though individual clades varied broadly in both size and depth. These values correspond to a minimum 16S rRNA sequence identity of 98.04–98.40%. The distribution pattern we found is an indication of microdiversity, the occurrence of ecologically or physiologically distinct populations within phylogenetically related groups. Additionally, we found positive correlations among the genes encoding different extracellular enzymes. Our results suggest that the capacity to produce extracellular enzymes varies at relatively fine-scale phylogenetic resolution. This variation is consistent with other traits that require a small number of genes and provides insight into the relationship between taxonomy and traits that may be useful for predicting ecological function.
Implementation of the PIPE processor

The PIPE (parallel instruction with pipelined execution) processor, which is the result of a research project initiated to investigate high-performance computer architectures for VLSI implementation, is described. The lessons learned from the implementation are discussed. The most important result was the discovery that supporting architectural queues does not complicate the instruction issue logic and fees the processor clock rate from external memory speed influences. It was also found that the decision to support an instruction set with two instruction sizes and to allow consecutive two-parcel instruction issues profoundly affected the instruction fetch logic design. Other significant results concerned the issue logic, barrel shifter, cache control logic, and branch count. >
Adhesion of Staphylococcus epidermidis to biomedical polymers : contributions of surface thermodynamics and hemodynamic shear conditions

Adhesion studies of Staphylococcus epidermidis RP62A were conducted using a rotating disk system to determine the roles of surface physicochemistry and topographies under physiologic shear conditions. Six materials were investigated: biomedical reference polyethylene and polydimethylsiloxane; argon plasma-treated reference polyethylene (Ar-PE); Silastic®; expanded polytetrafluoroethylene; and woven Dacron. All of the polymers except Dacron demonstrated reduced bacterial adhesion with increasing shear stress. Argon plasma treatment of polyethylene reduced the level of staphylococcal adhesion. Adsorption of human plasma proteins effected significantly lower numbers of adherent bacteria. The lowest adhesion was observed for Ar-PE in 1% human plasma protein solution, whereas Dacron had the highest number of adherent bacteria. The high adhesion on Dacron was attributed to increased bacterial flux caused by topography-induced turbulent flow and physical entrapment of the bacteria in the fiber interstices. The results indicate that the driving force for S. epidermidis adhesion is strongly influenced by substrate physicochemistry, but this may be dominated by physical forces such as shear and turbulence. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Realization of a compact and single-mode optical passive polarization converter

A single-section, compact, passive polarization converter has been designed and fabricated on GaAs-AlGaAs. The device uses an optimized waveguide structure with angled-facets to obtain 90/spl deg/-polarization rotation in a single section; this waveguide structure eliminates the need for longitudinal variation and hence avoids any section-to-section coupling losses. A transverse electric (TE) to transverse magnetic (TM) polarization conversion of 96% is achieved for a conversion length of /spl ap/720 /spl mu/m.
Fuzzy neural Web agents for efficient NBA scouting

The intelligent agents are very useful for World Wide Web applications. Intelligent agents are designed and implemented for a variety of tasks in diverse range of applications: managing e-mail, navigating and retrieving information from the Internet, online shopping, electronic business, monitoring stock prices or currency exchanges, etc. In this paper, we present and describe an intelligent service agent that assists an NBA scouting agent in his/her work. The particularity of our agent is that it not only retrieves relevant information about NBA players from the Internet for the scouting agent but also derives metadata from that information, which consist of player performance evaluation and player statistics prediction.