cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Surveillance Testing for Efficient Infection Rate Estimation

In this paper, we study a surveillance testing problem where the learner aims to monitor the infection rate in a community with large population. At each time $t$ , the learner is able to collect samples from a randomly selected group of individuals in the community and perform group testing. The test result is equal to one if at least one individual in the selected group is infected and zero otherwise. Assume each individual is infected according to an independent and identically distributed Bernoulli random variable with parameter $p$ . Our objective is to design an efficient testing procedure to decide the number of samples included in each step for group testing and obtain an accurate estimate of the infection rate $p$ with high probability. We present a two-phase adaptive testing algorithm and show that it reduces the number of tests required to achieve the desired accuracy level compared with the single-sample testing approach. When $p$ is sufficiently small, which is the regime of interest in practice, it leads to an order-of-magnitude improvement. Simulation corroborates theoretical results.
Social Media and the Need for Corporate Fiduciary Duties to Include Social Welfare

Studies show social media has negative effects not only on users, but society at large. Though social media corporations have adjusted monitoring policies for content on their platforms, these policies are largely profit-driven. Thus, social media will continue to have negative effects unless laws governing corporations change. In this article, I suggest including "social welfare" as a fiduciary duty for corporations.
Racial and ethnic inequities in occupational exposure across and between US cities

Research suggests that racial/ethnic disparities in COVID-19 in the US are largely driven by higher rates of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 among Hispanic/Latino and Black populations. Occupational exposures play a large role in structuring risk of exposure, and essential workers are at elevated risk of COVID-19 infection. At a national-level, workers categorized as "essential" and "high-risk" are disproportionately Hispanic/Latino, but we lack analysis examining local-level racial/ethnic disparities in potential occupational exposures. Using the 2015-2019 5-year American Community Survey, we estimated disparities between the proportion of US Born Hispanic/Latino, foreign-born Hispanic/Latino, and non-Hispanic white (NHW) essential or high-risk workers in 27 of the largest metropolitan areas in the country. We found that, on average, 66.3%, 69.9%, and 62.6% of US-born Hispanics, foreign-born Hispanics, and NHW, respectively, are essential workers, while 50.7%, 49.9%, 49.5% are high exposure risk workers, respectively. The median absolute difference in proportions of US born Hispanic/Latino and NHW essential workers was 4.2%, and between foreign-born Hispanic/Latino and NHW essential workers was 7.5%, but these disparities varied widely by city. High likelihood of occupational transmission may help explain disparities in COVID-19 infection and mortality for Hispanic/Latino populations, especially foreign-born, and may also help explain heterogeneity in the magnitude of these disparities, with relevance for other acute infectious respiratory illnesses spread in the workplace.
Change Detection Across Satellite Images Collected by Different Sensors

A joint-distribution based machine learning framework is used to identify anomalous changes in image pairs captured by different sensor designs and even different imaging modalities (e.g., multispectral to synthetic aperture radar).
Gender related variances in C‐Reactive Protein (CRP) levels in HIV+ drug users in Miami

Introduction: Elevated CRP levels are associated with inflammatory conditions including cardiovascular disease(CVD), HIV, cancer and diabetes. Recent reports suggest that CRP is a promoter and pred...
Sophocles' Antigone : a new translation

Sophocles' Antigone comes alive in this new translation that will be useful for academic study and stage production. Diane Rayor's accurate yet accessible translation reflects the play's inherent theatricality. She provides an analytical introduction and comprehensive notes, and the edition includes an essay by director Karen Libman. Antigone begins after Oedipus and Jocasta's sons have killed each other in battle over the kingship. The new king, Kreon, decrees that the brother who attacked with a foreign army remain unburied and promises death to anyone who defies him. The play centers on Antigone's refusal to obey Kreon's law and Kreon's refusal to allow her brother's burial. Each acts on principle colored by gender, personality and family history. Antigone poses a conflict between passionate characters whose extreme stances leave no room for compromise. The highly charged struggle between the individual and the state has powerful implications for ethical and political situations today.
NiO-Microflower Formed by Nanowire-weaving Nanosheets with Interconnected Ni-network Decoration as Supercapacitor Electrode

We propose a 'weaving' evolution mechanism, by systematically investigating the products obtained in controlled experiments, to demonstrate the formation of Ni-based 'microflowers' which consists of multiple characteristic dimensions, in which the three dimensional (3D) NiO 'microflower' is constructed by a two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet framework that is derived from weaving one-dimensional (1D) nanowires. We found such unique nanostructures are conducive for the generation of an electrically conductive Ni-network on the nanosheet surface after being exposed to a reducing atmosphere. Our study offers a promising strategy to address the intrinsic issue of poor electrical conductivity for NiO-based materials with significant enhancement of utilization of NiO active materials, leading to a remarkable improvement in the performance of the Ni-NiO microflower based supercapacitor. The optimized Ni-NiO microflower material showed a mass specific capacitance of 1,828 F g(-1), and an energy density of 15.9 Wh kg(-1) at a current density of 0.5 A g(-1). This research not only contributes to understanding the formation mechanism of such 'microflower' structures but also offers a promising route to advance NiO based supercapacitor given their ease of synthesis, low cost, and long-term stability.
Estimating Resemblance of MIDI Documents

Search engines often employ techniques for determining syntactic similarity of Web pages. Such a tool allows them to avoid returning multiple copies of essentially the same page when a user makes a query. Here we describe our experience extending these techniques to MIDI music files. The music domain requires modification to cope with problems introduced in the musical setting, such as polyphony. Our experience suggests that when used properly these techniques prove useful for determining duplicates and clustering databases in the musical setting as well.
Puberty, Sexuality, and Health

The chapter examines puberty from the perspective of biopsychosocial models of development, specifically, the developmental contextualism model and the holistic interactionism model of development. The endocrinology of puberty is reviewed, including the phases of adrenarche and gonadarche, mechanisms controlling the onset of puberty, and physical growth and development during puberty. Hormones appear to have a greater influence on adolescents' emotions and behavior than pubertal stage per se. Testosterone, estrogen, and adrenal androgens show associations with antisocial and aggressive behavior, depression, and sexual behavior. The timing of puberty, relative to peers, studies suggest that it has long-term psychosocial implications, particularly for early maturers. Current areas of research on the timing of puberty include secular trends in the timing of puberty, effects of pubertal timing on adult physical and mental health, and mechanisms whereby stress may influence pubertal timing. Issues of emerging sexuality at puberty also are discussed. Adolescent sexuality is influenced by hormonal factors, body fat, and social influences. The chapter concludes with a discussion of implications for research and social policy, including the content of educational programs on puberty, the timing of prevention programs, and principles to guide future research. Keywords: biopsychosocial models; endocrinology; health; puberty; sexuality; social policy
Effects of active anti-methamphetamine vaccination on intravenous self-administration in rats

Abstract Background d -Methamphetamine (METH) addiction is a serious public health concern for which successful treatment remains elusive. Immunopharmacotherapy has been shown to attenuate locomotor and thermoregulatory effects of METH. The current study investigated whether active vaccination against METH could alter intravenous METH self-administration in rats. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats (Experiment 1: N = 24; Experiment 2: N = 18) were vaccinated with either a control keyhole-limpet hemocyanin conjugate vaccine (KLH) or a candidate anti-METH vaccine (MH6-KLH) or. Effects of vaccination on the acquisition of METH self-administration under two dose conditions (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg/inf) and post-acquisition dose-substitution (0, 0.01, 0.05, 0.20 mg/kg/inf, Experiment 1; 0.01, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 mg/kg/inf, Experiment 2) during steady-state responding were investigated. Plasma METH concentrations were determined 30 min after an acute challenge dose of 3.2 mg/kg METH. Results Active vaccination inhibited the acquisition of METH self-administration under the 0.1 mg/kg/inf dose condition, with 66% of the MH6-KLH-vaccinated rats compared to 100% of the controls reaching criteria, and produced transient and dose-dependent effects on self-administration during the maintenance phase. Under the 0.05 mg/kg/inf dose condition, MH6-KLH-vaccinated rats initially self-administered more METH than controls, but then self-administration decreased across the acquisition phase relative to controls; a subsequent dose–response assessment confirmed that MH6-KLH-vaccinated rats failed to acquire METH self-administration. Finally, plasma METH concentrations were higher in MH6-KLH-vaccinated rats compared to controls after an acute METH challenge, and these were positively correlated with antibody titers. Conclusions These data demonstrate that active immunopharmacotherapy for METH attenuates the acquisition of METH self-administration.
Neonatal seventh nerve palsy in the absence of hemotympanum.

Abstract Over a 4 year period, 20 babies with unilateral seventh nerve palsy were studied for hemotympanum. Babies weighed 6 pounds, 3½ ounces or more, and forceps were applied at 14 deliveries. A review of the protocols to explain the pathogenesis revealed additional pediatric and obstetric abnormalities, but pressure over nerves was the probable etiology of the palsy. In 14 cases, one or more branches apparently were damaged somewhere in the face; in the remaining 6 cases, the orbicularis oculi was also involved, pointing to injury of the nerve near its exit from the skull. Ear cleansing facilitated otoscopy, but “purple ear drum,” which provides presumptive evidence of skull fracture, was not observed. Expectant management seemed to be the treatment of choice. Infrequency of palsy and rareness of “purple ear drum” (hemotympanum) after difficult labor are a tribute to obstetric care.
High-affinity [3H]PN200-110 and [3H]ryanodine binding to rabbit and frog skeletal muscle

In vertebrate skeletal muscle, the voltage-dependent mechanism of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release, commonly referred to as excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, is mediated by the voltage...
Review: Ross Gray & Christina Sinding (2002). Standing Ovation: Performing Social Science Research about Cancer

Standing Ovation beschreibt die Entwicklung eines Theaterstucks uber Menschen mit Brustkrebs, das fur Pflegende, fur Patient(inn)en, fur deren Angehorige und fur die interessierte Offentlichkeit gedacht ist. Die Autor(inn)en, Mitglieder eines Forschungsteams am Toronto Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, arbeiteten an diesem Theaterstuck zusammen mit Schauspieler(inne)n und mit Patient(inn)en und Aktivist(inn)en des Cancer Centre. Grundlage war Material aus Fokusgruppen mit Patient(inn)en und aus Interviews mit Onkolog(inn)en zu der Frage, welche Informationen an Patient(inn)en weitergegeben werden sollten. Zum Buch gehort auch eine Videokassette, d.h. Interessierte konnen sowohl die ethnographische Studie lesen als auch die Theaterauffuhrung betrachten. Buch und Kassette sind ein wesentlicher und ungewohnlicher Beitrag zum Verstehen von Menschen mit sehr schweren Krankheiten und von deren Beziehungen. Die zugleich angemessene und hoffnungsvolle Perspektive der Autor(inn)en im Umgang mit dieser schwierigen Situation wird in Buch und Kassette sehr gut deutlich. URN: urn:nbn:de:0114-fqs0303127
Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl) inhibits human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: a pharmacodynamic study

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 5407 PKCβ is a member of the PKC family of serine-threonine protein kinases which have been implicated in human cancer proliferation, cell cycle progression, angiogenesis and apoptosis. Enzastaurin (LY317615), a selective PKCβ inhibitor, has been shown to inhibit a variety of human tumors including glioblastoma, colon, prostate and lung cancer cell lines in vitro. Elevated phosphorylation and altered PKC expression has been demonstrated in several NSCLC cell lines versus normal lung epithelia cell lines. In this presentation we show that enzastaurin inhibited the growth of 14 NSCLC cell lines with average IC50 of 8.2 µM, ranging 1.5 to 20 µM and 14 SCLC cell lines with average IC50 of 7.0 µM, ranging 3 to 10 µM. The sensitivities toward enzastaurin among the four different NSCLC histologies (adenocarcinomas, squamous, large cell carcinomas or bronchial alveolar carcinoma) are very similar. By western blot analysis, we found that enzastaurin significantly reduced phosphorylation of GSK3β (Ser9), ribosomal protein S6 (Ser240 /244) but not in phospho-AKT(Thr308) in both NSCLC and SCLC cell lines. Using Combination-Index analysis, when enzastaurin was combined with pemetrexed concurrently or pemetrexed followed by enzastaurin sequentially, the interaction is greater than additive. Our in vivo studies showed that enzastaurin by daily BID oral gavages at 38, 75 and 150 mg/kg suppressed human lung xenografts H2122 adenocarcinomas in athymic nude mice, but not in a dose-dependent manner. In conjunction with efficacious studies of enzastaurin in tumor bearing nude mice, plasma pharmacokinetics were evaluated on day 3, 10 or 21 following the start of dosing. The plasma enzastaurin levels for these days were found to be 1180±58.6, 931.3±399 and 1018.7±158 ng/ml for 38 mg/kg dose; 636.5±414, 2093.3±432 and 1830±355 ng/ml for 75 mg/kg dose; 2473.3±169, 2906.7±370 and 5020±790 ng/ml for 150 mg/kg respectively, supporting the observed therapeutic effects of enzastaurin against human lung xenografts. Our preclinical data provided strong evidence that enzastaurin may be effective for the treatment of human lung cancers.
Racial Neutrality by Any Other Name: An Examination of Collateral Consequence Policies in the United States

Objective This study highlights the complex role that race plays in the restrictiveness of felon collateral consequence policies in the 50 states by introducing the combination of symbolic racism and racial threat as integral dimensions of the traditional race-based arguments made in this policy area. Methods Using Alec Ewald's felon collateral consequence scores for the 50 states as the dependent variable and symbolic racism and racial threat variables as the major independent variables, an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model estimated the effects of race-based, ideological, political, and demographic independent variables on a state's felon collateral consequence score. Results The combination of symbolic racism and racial threat add an additional dimension to the traditional race-policy connection within this policy area. Specifically, states with high levels of racial threat and symbolic racism were more likely to have higher felon collateral consequence scores. Yet, the presence of a state with a high level of black representatives in its state's legislature negated the effect of these variables. Conclusions Although similar studies have confirmed that racially neutral policies, such as felon collateral consequence policies, are affected by race, they have limited their discussion to one specific dimension—racial threat. The evidence presented in this study provided support for the inclusion of a multidimensional race-based argument in this policy area.
Rhesus macaques with high levels of vaccine induced IFN-gamma producing cells better control viral set-point following challenge with SIV239

HIV-1 specific cellular immune responses play a significant part in controlling HIV-1 viral replication and are an important component of an HIV-1 vaccine induced immune response. We reported earlier that recombinant DNA vaccine delivered intramuscularly, and recombinant Listeria monocytogenes, delivered orally induced CD8+ and CD4+ T cell immune responses in rhesus macaques and that this vaccine protocol showed partial protection against an SIV239 challenge. In this paper, we have analyzed the SIV antigen-specific immune responses at the time of challenge and during the subsequent infection course. We find that the immune status of the animals, as measured by the frequency of antigen-specific IFN-gamma secreting peripheral blood mononuclear cells, at the time of challenge correlates more strongly with viral loads at set point than peak viral loads. The correlation between the immune response and viral load was strongest early, as viral set-point was just being established and disintegrates overtime. This study demonstrates the cellular immune response to SIV at the time of challenge of a nonhuman primate is able to impact on viral set-point following SIV239 challenge. Further, this study demonstrates that as virus replicates the T cell immune response to SIV antigens induced by the vaccine is modulated by antigen encountered by immune cells during viral replication.
Location-based notification as a general-purpose service

An often-discussed mobile commerce application is proximity-based coupon delivery. In a typical scenario a merchant is notified when a valued customer is within some distance of a retail outlet, upon which the customer is delivered a coupon or some notice of a special promotion. We believe that this basic mechanism of location-based notification has application far beyond commercial promotion, and is also of interest for tourism, traffic information, public service, and public safety. Furthermore, we believe that a general-purpose location-based notification service that can serve all these applications would be highly useful. However, as we will show, current architectures deployed by wireless carriers to service location-aware applications cannot handle the load of positioning requests implied by such a general-purpose service. We motivate the need for such a service, discuss the limitations of current architectures for providing location information, and detail the requirements for an architecture which would make such a service possible.
Failure of the interaction paradigm as a test of Hull vs Spence.

Black (1765) pointed out thac Spence's (1956) theory implies that incentive motivation (K) should be affected by the same operation employed to manipulate drive (D). He showed that che assumption of such an effect allows an explanation of the finding by Seward, Shea, and Elkind (1958), among others, thac time of deprivation (Td) and incentive magnitude (Mg) interact in a factorial design when 0-hr. dzprivation and zero reward magnitude are included. Black further argued that the proposed assumption did not imply a Td X Mg interaction at non-zero levels of these variables. Black's assumption, along with other considerations, raises the question of whether the familiar interaction paradigm ever was appropriate for a test of Hull vs Spence. To predict interaccion at one level of Td and not ar others is indeed a remarkable accomplishment for one assumption. Black reasoned that the consummatory responses vary with Td, and their implicit components, on which K is assumed to depend, would develop no more for a rewarded group than for a nonrewarded group. Thus an interaccion could be predicted at Td = 0. Black further argued that his proposed assumption did not necessarily imply an interaction at higher levels of Td. He exhibited a hypothetical example in which K varied as a function of both Td and Mg without producing interaction. Although Black did nct specify the form of the posmlated relationship between Td and K, his hypothetical example represented the implicit assumption:
Mycorrhizal associations of tropical legume trees in Sierra Leone, West Africa

Abstract We examined for mycorrhizae the fine roots of 27 tree species which occurred in natural forest, a forestry plantation and a reforestation site in Sierra Leone, West Africa. Twenty tree species had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae, nine of these in the Mimosoideae and Papilionoideae had bacterial nodules. Seven species had ectomycorrhizae, among which all six legume species are in the Caesalpinioideae. Three species of Australian Acacia used widely in reforestation in Sierra Leone had vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae.
Detailed relationship between local structure, polarons, and magnetization for La 1 − x Ca x MnO 3 ( 0.21 ≤ x ≤ 0.45 )

We present detailed local structure measurements (using the extended x-ray absorption fine structure technique) for the colossal magnetoresistive material ${\text{La}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\text{Ca}}_{x}{\text{MnO}}_{3}$ $(0.21lxl0.45)$ as a function of temperature and magnetic field. The local distortions of the Mn-O bonds are parameterized using $\ensuremath{\sigma}$, the width of the Mn-O pair-distribution function (PDF). After subtracting thermal phonon contributions, we show that the contributions to ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{2}$ from polaron and Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\text{JT}/polaron}^{2}$, are a universal function of the magnetization, independent of how the magnetization is achieved via changes in temperature or magnetic field. However this universal behavior is only observed for $B\text{ }\text{fields}\ensuremath{\ge}2\text{ }\text{T}$, likely as a result of domain canting in low $B$ fields. The resulting curve is well described by two straight lines with significantly different slopes. These regimes represent two distinctly differ distortions of the oxygen octahedra about the Mn. For low magnetizations up to $\ensuremath{\sim}65\mathrm{%}$ of the theoretical maximum magnetization, ${M}_{T}$, the slope is low and the distortion removed as the sample becomes magnetized is small---we argue this arises from polarons which have a low distortion around two (or possibly three) Mn sites. At high magnetizations large distortions per Mn site are removed as these sites become magnetized. The data are also analyzed in terms of a two Mn-O peak distribution using experimental standards for Mn-O. The results agree well with recent neutron PDF results but not with some earlier results. We discuss the limitations of assuming a two peak distribution in view of the two distortions needed to describe the Mn-O distortions as a function of $T$ and $B$ for $B\ensuremath{\ge}2\text{ }\text{T}$. It is likely that there is a distribution of longer bonds. Finally we show that with increasing $B$ field, the Mn-Mn peak also has a small $B$-field-induced change---a measure at the unit cell level of magnetostriction but find that there is no observable $B$-field-induced change in the Mn-La/Ca pair distribution for fields up to $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{T}$.
Host-acceptance requirements of Melittobia digitata (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a parasitoid of mud dauber wasps.

Abstract Behavioral studies were conducted of Melittobia digitata Dahms on Apis mellifera (L.) pupae, pupa-shaped glass dummies, flat glass, and flat glass treated with honey bee extract to determine if females use shape or chemicals to identify a host for oviposition. Response to untreated flat glass was consistently lower than that to pupa-shaped glass. Females spent much more time on a pupa-shaped glass object than on a rectangular piece of glass. Time spent antennating on the bee pupa and on the glass pupa did not differ. However, antennation response to extract-treated flat glass and untreated flat glass was lower than that on pupa-shaped glass. The addition of host extract did not increase probing on flat glass. Wasps probed and antennated the glass dummy about as much as the bee pupa but did not respond much to the rectangular glass objects, indicating that shape plays a major role in the process of host acceptance. In these experiments, only bee pupae were accepted for oviposition and never the glass objects. In further experiments, M. digitata was found to oviposit on Parafilm domes containing agar-based diet but not on domes containing only agar. Females responded to both shape and nutritional content of the host but the surface chemical cues tested were unimportant to females considering an object for oviposition.
Experiments on Oxygen Desorption From Surface Warm Seawater Under Open-Cycle Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

This paper presents the results of scoping deaeration experiments conducted with warm surface seawater under open-cycle ocean thermal energy conversion (OC-OTEC) conditions. Concentrations of dissolved oxygen in seawater at three locations (in the supply water, water leaving the predeaerator, and discharge water from an evaporator) were measured and used to estimate oxygen desorption levels. The results suggest that 7 percent to 60 percent of the dissolved oxygen in the supply water was desorbed from seawater in the predeaerator for pressures ranging from 35 to 9 kPa. Bubble injection in the upcomer increased the oxygen desorption rate by 20 percent to 60 percent. The data also indicated that at typical OC-OTEC evaporator pressures, when flash evaporation in the evaporator occurred, 75 percent to 95 percent of the dissolved oxygen was desorbed overall from the warm seawater. The results were used to find the impact of a single-stage predeaeration scheme on the power to remove noncondensable gases in an OC-OTEC plant.
A perspective on future nanoelectronic devices

One clear direction for the development of future nanoelectronic devices is low power and high performance at low operating voltage. The fact that CMOS has a subthreshold region and a linear region, and that CMOS circuits operate at Vdd a few times Vt suggest that it is a challenge to reduce CMOS voltage towards 0.5 V. However, there is evidence that SOI lateral bipolar could be a low-power and high-performance technology. SOI lateral bipolar devices using small-gap semiconductors offer a clear path for high performance and low power bipolar circuits at about 0.5 V.
Distributed data flow computing system

The distributed system of this project integrates the functions of the kernel of the distributed operating system with the hardware and protocols of a high performance local area network (LAN). The "LAN" is a data flow architecture that provides computing and communication functions on a store and forward ring in which the data packets are data flow tokens. The network is implemented with data flow microprocessors that realize the processing and communication functions of the distributed kernel. The global state of the system is described by the data flow graph and its tokens which are resident in the network.
Neutral atom and molecular transport in a gaseous divertor

Abstract The Monte Carlo code DEGAS with the addition of ion-neutral elastic collisions was used to evaluate the ability of a dynamic gaseous divertor to remove power to the side walls through charge exchange and ion-neutral elastic collisions. The geometry simulated was a louvered ITER divertor. The plasma parameters for each of the four toroidal slices simulated was taken from PLANET, a 2D plasma fluid code. Results show that only in the initial hottest region of the plasma extending into the divertor throat do neutrals carry away significant energy. Even in this region at most 0.1 MW/m 2 is removed to the side walls by neutral atoms for a pressure behind the louvers of 10 mTorr. Given the proposed area of the side walls and 30 cm of hot region extending into the divertor channel, less than 10 MW of the 200–300 MW of input power are removed. This occurs because an individual atom undergoes many charge exchange and ion elastic collisions before returning to the wall. The chance for ionization during the multiple charge exchange and elastic collisions is higher in general than the chance of exiting the plasma region.
Dynamical generation of baryons at the electroweak transition

A new mechanism through which a net baryon asymmetry could be generated at the electroweak phase transition is discussed. It works efficiently in ``nonminimal'' extensions of the standard model such as occur in supersymmetric theories, where the Higgs sector involves several fields. In these theories it appears capable of producing the observed asymmetry. Conversely, with more detailed calculations this mechanism could be used to put important constraints on nonminimal extensions of the standard model.
Mobile services at academic libraries: meeting the users’ needs?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how academic libraries in the USA have responded to the rapidly evolving mobile environment and to determine if there is a noticeable, comprehensive pattern to instituting mobile services. Design/methodology/approach – The researcher surveyed library mobile services of 73 academic libraries at Carnegie Foundation rated RU/VH institutions. Based on this survey, the paper describes the current state of mobile services at very high research universities. Findings – While most academic libraries at research universities have some sort of mobile presence, what is offered is highly varied and is not predictable. There are still many notable University libraries that have no mobile presence. Practical implications – This study highlights the inconsistent nature of mobile services at research universities and identifies best practices in place at others. Originality/value – This is the first study to employ the Carnegie Foundation ratings of the university in whi...
Asymptotic behavior of the langevin equation for a nonhomogeneous medium

The Langevin equation has gained renewed interest through its role in modeling turbulent, reacting flow, and turbulent dispersion. Such applications often require an understanding of its long term, asymptotic behavior. The asymptotic, Smoluchowsky, equation is derived by constructing a uniformly valid bound on the velocity variance. Extra drift terms arise in the asymptotic equation when the coefficients are not constant.
An evaluation of parameters for predicting fretting fatigue crack initiation

Abstract There are numerous fatigue parameters that can be used to determine the onset of crack initiation in a component subjected to constant amplitude plain fatigue. This study evaluated how well some of these parameters predict fretting fatigue crack initiation in titanium alloy, Ti–6Al–4V. The following crack initiation parameters were evaluated; the strain-life parameter, the maximum strain corrected for strain ratio effects, the maximum principal strain corrected for principal strain ratio effects, the Smith–Watson–Topper (SWT) parameter, the critical plane SWT parameter and the Fatemi and Socie (F–S) parameter. The Ruiz parameters, which are specific to fretting fatigue condition, were also evaluated. The evaluation was based on the parameter's ability to predict the number of cycles to initiation and location for crack initiation. The results indicated that the maximum strain amplitude at the contact interface was an important parameter for fretting fatigue crack initiation. Furthermore, the results indicated that when the applied loading was corrected for the effects of contact and mean stress or strain ratio, titanium alloy, Ti–6Al–4V exposed to the fretting fatigue condition behaved in a manner similar to the plain fatigue condition.
Preparation of biologically active conjugates of bovine neurophysins and other polypeptides with multi-(poly-d,l-alanyl)-poly-l-lysine and their use to elicit antibodies

Abstract A new, chemically specific method was developed for the preparation of functionally and immunologically active conjugates of proteins, via amino groups, to modified multichain (poly- d,l -alanyl)-poly- l -lysine. With this method, soluble conjugates were prepared for bovine neurophysins I and II. The isolated protein-polymer conjugates displayed high levels of biological activity as judged by the non-covalent binding of specific peptide ligand, indicating that the conformation of the protein moiety is minimally perturbed in these species. Rabbits immunized with the neurophysin conjugates produced antisera containing specific antibodies as detected by Ouchterlony double-immunodiffusion assays. All sera from rabbits immunized with neurophysin conjugate precipitated with conjugate as antigen, a phenomenon not observed for sera from rabbits injected with unmodified neurophysin. The presence of neurophysin-specific antibodies in the conjugate antisera was indicated by competition assays using unmodified neurophysins. For neurophysin I conjugate antisera, this presence of neurophysin-specific antibodies was confirmed by the demonstration of binding activity for [ 14 C-carbamoyl]neurophysin I in two radioimmunoassays. The first was based on specific elution of antibody-bound antigen on Sephadex G-100; the second, on binding of antibody-antigen complex to protein A on the surface of Cowan I strain Staphylococcus aureus . Specific neurophysin I antibodies could be fractionated by affinity chromatography on neurophysin I-Sepharose. In order to demonstrate the applicability of this method to other systems, conjugates also were prepared with bovine pancreatic ribonuclease. These derivatives were enzymically active and elicited high titers of ribonuclease-specific antibodies.
Periodontal disease in heterosexuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

We studied the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease among 181 heterosexual men and women with AIDS. Included were 167 (92%) intravenous drug users (IVDU) and 14 sexual partners of persons at risk for AIDS. Periodontal disease was seen in 71 of 78 (91%) women compared to 75 of 103 (73%) men. Gingivitis was the most severe form of periodontal disease in 7 (9%) women and 15 (15%) men. Increased severity of periodontal disease was seen in women as compared with men (P less than .001); among subjects with periodontitis, 48 (75%) of 64 women had moderate to advanced disease compared to 32 (53%) of 60 men. For individuals with periodontitis, the extent of involvement was associated with severity; 90% of subjects with advanced periodontitis had all 4 quadrants affected. Concurrent oral manifestations of AIDS, including candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, ulcers and Kaposi's sarcoma were present in 167 (92%) subjects. We conclude that HIV-associated gingivitis and HIV-associated periodontitis are common in heterosexual men and women with AIDS and are often accompanied by other oral manifestations of AIDS. The reason periodontal disease is more severe in women is not known. Clinicians should be aware that these disorders occur in heterosexuals as well as in homosexual men. Further study will be necessary to delineate the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Geometrically non-linear analysis of thin-film compliant MEMS via shell and solid elements

This paper presents a performance-based comparison of quadratic shell elements with shear deformation and 3-D quadratic solid elements for modeling geometrically non-linear coupled in-plane and out-of-plane deflection of thin-film compliant microelectromechanical systems. A mesh density study of a single out-of-plane torsional compliant element indicates that a relatively coarse shell element mesh can produce force, displacement, and stress results very similar to those predicted by a much larger and computationally costly 3-D solid element model for out-of-plane loading. Shell and 3-D solid element models of a macro-scale prototype of a MEMS compliant lamina emergent constant-force mechanism are shown to agree very well with experientially acquired force displacement data, and to agree well in their estimates of Von Mises stresses. Close agreement of shell element and 3-D solid element models is also demonstrated for models of a thin-film MEMS constant-force mechanism and a thin-film MEMS cellular lance mechanism. Both of these mechanisms exhibit highly non-linear mechanism stiffness, and large, coupled in and out-of-plane displacements. Together, these results strongly suggest that quadratic shell elements with shear deformation can be used to model the coupled in-plane and out-of-plane motion of thin-film compliant mechanisms.
Reproductive function in rats exposed prenatally to pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB).

Abstract The pesticides methoxychlor, Kepone, dieldrin, aldrin, and the PCB's Aroclor 1221, 1242 and 1260 were fed to female rats during pregnancy in order to study reproductive function in the male and female offspring. Kepone alone produced significant reproductive aberrations. At 6 months of age the female offspring of Kepone-treated dams exhibited persistent vaginal estrus (PVE), anovulation, and tonic levels of serum estradiol. Other substances, such as methoxychlor and Aroclor 1221, previously shown to be estrogenic were not effective in altering reproductive function in the male or female offspring. The reproductive aberrations following Kepone exposure are thought to be due to alteration of hypothalamic differentiation during perinatal development.
Extension of the methods of inductive logic

counts of the meaning of ethical predicates. It follows only by way of the denial of any relations between information and approval itself which would permit the sort of distinction I have suggested, and this cannot be the consequence of purely linguistic analysis. If such a distinction conltinues to be maintained, we may be loath to prove reason with words grown false to that purpose. But the primary questions of ethics are about what you will, not what you say; and even if the emotivist analysis of what you say is accepted, they remain as before-in a rehabilitated language, if need be-but innocent as Eve before the Fall.
Changes in abdominal wounds following treatment with sirolimus and steroids in a rat model.

Abstract Wound healing complications have been observed in patients receiving sirolimus (SLR). This study examined the degree and duration of delayed healing in various protocols using SLR. Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a standard midline abdominal incision and wound closure. Groups of 6 rats each were randomized to receive different doses of SLR (2 and 5 mg/kg) with or without loading dose (10 mg/kg ×3 days), and with or without steroids (20 mg/kg ×3 days followed by 5 mg/kg for 2 weeks). Rats were humanely killed on postoperative days 5, 10, or 15. Wound breaking force was measured using the EHMI BIAX-II instrument and tensile strength was calculated. Wounds in control animals had gradual increase in tensile strength during the 15-day observation. In contrast, high and loading doses of SLR caused reduction in wound strength until day 10, but the wounds’ tensile strength became equivalent to control by day 15. The addition of steroids prolonged wound recovery with low doses of SLR until day 15 and had very profound effects on healing in high-dose SLR-treated animals (>50% reduction) that continued beyond the 2 weeks of observation. Low doses of SLR in non–steroid-treated animals had a short-term (5-day) impact on wound healing; high dose and loading doses delayed healing for 10 to 15 days. The addition of steroids had a synergistic effect on delayed wound healing, particularly in animals receiving high-dose SLR, which demonstrated prolonged wound weakness. These results may provide practical guidelines for postoperative introduction of SLR in the context of various clinical protocols.
Body‐less faces: Mutilating modernity and abstracting women in an “Islamic cinema”

The figure of woman in post‐revolutionary Iranian cinema is the site of a relentless contestation between a metaphysics of concealment and an esthetics of revelation. By concealing, Islamic metaphysics intimates a “Truth” which always awaits discovering; by revealing, the esthetics of revelation dismantles the metaphysical assumption by exposing the profane moment of its sacred claim. Iranian filmmakers must situate their art somewhere between those two categorical imperatives. However, like artists everywhere, they are not in full control of the esthetic signifiers through which they speak: they must negotiate their art through a ruthless theocratic censorship. This dialectic of power and resistance, consensus and contestation, is the premise on which the Iranian culture is defined.
Higher twist jet broadening and classical propagation

The transverse broadening of jets produced in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) off a large nucleus is studied in the collinear limit. A class of medium enhanced higher twist corrections are resummed to calculate the transverse momentum distribution of the produced collinear jet. In contrast to previous approaches, resummation of the leading length enhanced higher twist corrections is shown to lead to a two-dimensional diffusion equation for the transverse momentum of the propagating jet. Results for the average transverse momentum obtained from this approach are then compared to the broadening expected from a classical Langevin analysis for the propagation of the jet under the action of the fluctuating color Lorentz force inside the nucleons. The set of approximations that lead to identical results from the two approaches are outlined. The relationship between the momentum diffusion constant $D$ and the transport coefficient $\stackrel{^}{q}$ is explicitly derived.
Seismic "low Frequency Shadows" For Gas Sand Reflection

We consider plane wave propagation through a quasiperiodic fluid/frame (or gas/water/frame) stack with a total thickness “D” and a periodic structure “M” embedded between two shale half-spaces (Figure 1, Marion, et. al., 1994). M=1 denotes fluid/frame (or gas/water/frame) and M=2 denotes fluid/frame/fluid/frame(or gas/water/frame/gas/water/frame), et. al., which simulates a gas-saturated sand with different pore sizes. The properties of the constituent materials are given in Table 1. Parameters for gas II are only used in Figure 8. A propagator matrix method is employed to study the scattering process. Source is a 50Hz Ricker wavelet. Summary
District-Wide Strategy To Monitor the Placement and Performance of Students From Ethnically Diverse Populations: a Case Study

Disproportionate representation of students from ethnically diverse populations in special education has been a concern at every level from the judicial system and federal legislation to the parents of identified children. Yet, over-referral itself may not be the problem. Rather, the failure may be for students of varying ethnicities to make improvements once identified and receiving services in special education. This study presents a formative evaluation method to monitor student progress in a school district using curriculum-based measurement (CBM). Student performance was measured and graphed throughout the school year and individual results overlaid on district CBM normative data using each student's peer group. The resulting graphic displays clearly demonstrate student success or failure in these curriculum areas, therefore, from two perspectives: norm and individual-referenced. Implications for practice are discussed, particularly by noting the need to focus on progress monitoring rather than place...
Melting in the Earth's deep upper mantle caused by carbon dioxide

By determining the solidus of carbonated peridotite at high pressure it was demonstrated that melting beneath mid-ocean ridges may occur at greater depths than usually assumed — down to 330 kilometres or more. The onset of partial melting beneath mid-ocean ridges governs the cycling of highly incompatible elements from the mantle to the crust1, the flux of key volatiles (such as CO2, He and Ar)1,2 and the rheological properties of the upper mantle3. Geophysical observations4,5,6 indicate that melting beneath ridges begins at depths approaching 300 km, but the cause of this melting has remained unclear. Here we determine the solidus of carbonated peridotite from 3 to 10 GPa and demonstrate that melting beneath ridges may occur at depths up to 330 km, producing 0.03–0.3% carbonatite liquid. We argue that these melts promote recrystallization and realignment of the mineral matrix, which may explain the geophysical observations. Extraction of incipient carbonatite melts from deep within the oceanic mantle produces an abundant source of metasomatic fluids and a vast mantle residue depleted in highly incompatible elements and fractionated in key parent-daughter elements. We infer that carbon, helium, argon and highly incompatible heat-producing elements (such as uranium, thorium and potassium) are efficiently scavenged from depths of ∼200–330 km in the upper mantle.
Pilot-MapReduce: an extensible and flexible MapReduce implementation for distributed data

The volume and complexity of data that must be analyzed in scientific applications is increasing exponentially. Often, this data is distributed, thus efficient processing of large distributed datasets is required, whilst ideally not introducing fundamentally new programming models or methods. For example, extending MapReduce -- a proven and effective programming model for processing large datasets -- to work more effectively on distributed data and on different infrastructure is desirable. MapReduce on distributed data requires effective distributed coordination of computation (map and reduce) and data, as well as distributed data management (in particular the transfer of intermediate data). We posit that this can be achieved with an effective and efficient runtime environment and without refactoring MapReduce itself. To address these requirements, we design and implement Pilot-MapReduce (PMR) -- a flexible, infrastructure-independent runtime environment for MapReduce. PMR is based on Pilot abstractions for both compute (Pilot-Jobs) and data (Pilot-Data): it utilizes Pilot-Jobs to couple the map phase computation to the nearby source data, and Pilot-Data to move intermediate data using parallel data transfers to the reduce phase. We analyze the effectiveness of PMR on applications with different characteristics (e. g. different volumes of intermediate and output data). We investigate the performance of PMR with distributed data using a Word Count and a genome sequencing application over different MapReduce configurations. Our experimental evaluations show that the Pilot abstractions are powerful abstractions for distributed data: PMR can lower the execution time on distributed clusters and that it provides the desired flexibility in the deployment and configuration of MapReduce runs to address specific application characteristics.