cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Static Detection of Event-based Races in Android Apps

Event-based races are the main source of concurrency errors in Android apps. Prior approaches for scalable detection of event-based races have been dynamic. Due to their dynamic nature, these approaches suffer from coverage and false negative issues. We introduce a precise and scalable static approach and tool, named SIERRA, for detecting Android event-based races. SIERRA is centered around a new concept of "concurrency action" (that reifies threads, events/messages, system and user actions) and statically-derived order (happens-before relation) between actions. Establishing action order is complicated in Android, and event-based systems in general, because of externally-orchestrated control flow, use of callbacks, asynchronous tasks, and ad-hoc synchronization. We introduce several novel approaches that enable us to infer order relations statically: auto-generated code models which impose order among lifecycle and GUI events; a novel context abstraction for event-driven programs named action-sensitivity and finally, on-demand path sensitivity via backward symbolic execution to further rule out false positives. We have evaluated SIERRA on 194 Android apps. Of these, we chose 20 apps for manual analysis and comparison with a state-of-the-art dynamic race detector. Experimental results show that SIERRA is effective and efficient, typically taking 960 seconds to analyze an app and revealing 43 potential races. Compared with the dynamic race detector, SIERRA discovered an average 29.5 true races with 3.5 false positives, where the dynamic detector only discovered 4 races (hence missing 25.5 races per app) -- this demonstrates the advantage of a precise static approach. We believe that our approach opens the way for precise analysis and static event race detection in other event-driven systems beyond Android.
Periodic Trends Manifested through Gas-Phase Generation of Anions Such as [AlH4]-, [GaH4]-, [InH4]-, [SrH3]-, [BaH3]-, [Ba(0)(η2-O2CH)1]-, [Pb(0)H]-, [Bi(I)H2]-, and Bi- from Formates.

Metal-hydride anions of main group elements, such as BaH3– and InH4–, were generated by dissociating formate adducts of the respective metal formates. Upon activation, these adducts fragment by formate-ion ejection or by decarboxylation. For adducts of alkali-metal formates, the formate-ion ejection is the preferred pathway, whereas for those of alkaline-earth and group 13–15 metals, the expulsion of CO2 is the more favorable pathway. Decarboxylation is deemed to yield a metal–hydrogen bond presumably by a hydride transfer to the metal atom. For example, the decarboxylation of Al(η-OCOH)4– and Ga(η-OCOH)4– generated AlH4– and GaH4–, respectively. The initial fragment-ion with a H–M bond formed in this way from adducts of the heavier metals of group 13 (Ga, In, and Tl) undergo a unimolecular reductive elimination, ascribable to the “inert-pair” effect, to lower the metal-ion oxidation state from +3 to +1. As group 13 is descended, the tendency for this reductive elimination process increases. PbH3–, genera...
Who Is Responsible? A Man With Dementia Wanders From Home, Is Hit by a Train, and Dies.

The impact of dementia and Alzheimer's disease extends far beyond the healthcare needs of the person with dementia. As the disease progresses, individuals with dementia often require ongoing formal or informal care for their basic daily routine because of behavior changes and continuing loss of cognitive function. Most of the care for people with dementia takes place at home, and the unpaid, informal caregivers are often spouses or other relatives. Providing long-term informal care at home for someone with dementia is psychologically, physically, and financially draining. The tragedy described in this case elucidates the far-reaching societal impact of dementia care and the implicit health policy considerations. In 2007, a 91-year-old Japanese man with dementia was in the care of his wife when he wandered from home, was hit by a train, and died, immediately affecting the Central Japan Railway Company operations and, subsequently, legal practice as well as Japanese elder care policy. The railway sued the man's wife and son for negligence and lost revenue, winning both trials at the local and district courts. This ruling shocked families and caregivers in Japan, where care for elderly parents traditionally falls on the oldest son, and brought attention to the complex issues related to dementia care. A decade later, we revisit this case to provoke a renewed dialogue about the matrix of responsibilities and liabilities associated with caregiving; to illuminate the unmet needs of the person with dementia, as well as his or her informal caregivers; and the financial implications related to long-term care policy. We close with 2 practical suggestions which preserve the dignity of the individual and provide reassurance for caregivers.
Identification of a WNT5A-Responsive Degradation Domain in the Kinesin Superfamily Protein KIF26B.

Noncanonical WNT pathways function independently of the β-catenin transcriptional co-activator to regulate diverse morphogenetic and pathogenic processes. Recent studies showed that noncanonical WNTs, such as WNT5A, can signal the degradation of several downstream effectors, thereby modulating these effectors’ cellular activities. The protein domain(s) that mediates the WNT5A-dependent degradation response, however, has not been identified. By coupling protein mutagenesis experiments with a flow cytometry-based degradation reporter assay, we have defined a protein domain in the kinesin superfamily protein KIF26B that is essential for WNT5A-dependent degradation. We found that a human disease-causing KIF26B mutation located at a conserved amino acid within this domain compromises the ability of WNT5A to induce KIF26B degradation. Using pharmacological perturbation, we further uncovered a role of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in WNT5A regulation of KIF26B degradation. Lastly, based on the identification of the WNT5A-responsive domain, we developed a new reporter system that allows for efficient profiling of WNT5A-KIF26B signaling activity in both somatic and stem cells. In conclusion, our study identifies a new protein domain that mediates WNT5A-dependent degradation of KIF26B and provides a new tool for functional characterization of noncanonical WNT5A signaling in cells.
‘Philosophy’ and the Scale of Sensation

In the last chapter the discussion centered on philosophy as consciousness and the ego. The method followed was to deal with Grote’s exposition of the positions taken by several philosophers regarding consciousness and the ego, and to show more clearly, by an examination of these positions the various features of his own position. This method provided for consideration of what is sometimes regarded as the subject-object relation, and the relation of the ego and the non-ego, in epistemology.
AVALIANDO JULGAMENTOS NÃO VERBAIS DE IGUALDADE/DIFERENÇA ENTRE ESTÍMULOS AUDITIVOS EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DEFICIÊNCIAS INTELECTUAIS: UMA INVESTIGAÇÃO METODOLÓGICA

O presente artigo metodologico relata uma tentativa inicial de avaliar a viabilidade e a utilidade de uma tarefa nao verbal para avaliar o julgamento generalizado de igualdade/diferenca entre estimulos auditivos em individuos com deficiencias intelectuais. O Estudo 1 investigou se os participantes poderiam prontamente adquirir uma linha de base de desempenho discriminativo de igualdade/diferenca, em tarefa de “go-left/go-right” (responder a esquerda/responder a direita) com ajuda minima. Os estimulos-modelo consistiam em pares de sons de frequencia unica apresentados sucessivamente. Se os sons fossem identicos, selecoes de um estimulo visual no lado esquerdo da tela do computador eram reforcadas. Se os sons fossem diferentes, selecoes de um estimulo visual no lado direito da tela do computador eram reforcadas. Dois dos cinco participantes aprenderam prontamente a tarefa, generalizaram o desempenho para outros estimulos e completaram um protocolo rudimentar para avaliar discriminacoes auditivas que sao potencialmente mais dificeis do que aquelas usadas para estabelecer a tarefa inicial. No Estudo 2, dois participantes que nao puderam desempenhar a tarefa “go-left/go-right” com os sons de unica frequencia, mas puderam faze-lo com palavras faladas como estimulos, transferiram com sucesso o controle das palavras faladas para os sons via um procedimento de esmaecimento e sobreposicao de estimulos auditivos. Os achados apoiam a viabilidade de se usar a tarefa como uma avaliacao de discriminacao auditiva em geral. Palavras-chave: discriminacao auditiva, procedimento de resposta a esquerda/resposta a direita, deficiencia intelectual, emparelhamento ao modelo, sobreposicao e esmaecimento.
Preparing for Lesson Study: Tools for Success

This study describes the experiences of a group of teachers in an at-risk elementary school engaged in a three-year professional development project funded by a Mathematics and Science Partnership grant. The partners, teachers, professors, and school administrators, modified the professional development to serve the needs of the teachers. Although not in the original plan, lesson study became the focus of the project in year three. This case study illustrates difficulties typically encountered in introducing lesson study in the United States, and examines how the components of the professional development during the first two years, notably the Reflective Teaching Model, collaborative problem solving and analysis of student work, helped pave the way for success in lesson study in year three.
Variability in genomic alterations between right- and left-sided microsatellite stable (MSS) metastatic colorectal cancer and impact on survival.

3534Background: Metastatic colorectal cancers (mCRCs) with a right-sided primary site are associated with shorter survival and insensitivity to EGFR inhibitors compared to those originating in the ...
Properties of the Utility of Verification

Verification is an essential aspect of systems engineering. Verification activities provide evidence that the system under development does what it was anticipated to do. In acquisition programs, verification activities provide evidence of contractual fulfilment. In fact, a major financial portion of system development is spent towards designing and executing a verification strategy. However, the design of verification strategies in current practice is often prescribed by standards and driven by good practices and gut feeling. Quantitative approaches to design verification strategies could yield significant improvement to their effectiveness and coverage. Understanding how verification contributes to a system's expected utility is necessary to enable such transformation. This paper presents four key properties of the utility of verification: the meaning of verification from an epistemological standpoint; the representation of verification within a mathematical framework of system development; the coupled nature of the value of verification activities; and the impossibility of objectively valuing verification.
Bio-inspired Position Control of Satellite Constellations

We present a biologically inspired controller for creating formations in satellite swarms. This controller can place satellites in formation where there is equal spacing between individuals, or place them all in the same location. The controller is fully decentralized without any human control. It only relies on simple satellite capabilities such as light sensing, neighbor communication, and attitude control, enabling it to run on the simplest of satellites. We present the controller and demonstrate its operation in a realistic simulation environment.
A typological perspective on nominal concord

This paper reports some of the results of the largest typological study of nominal concord to date. The sample contains 174 languages from 105 distinct families. Concord is found in 59.2% of languages in the sample. I demonstrate a number of tendencies among languages with concord: (i) number concord is the most common type, (ii) gender concord is common among languages with gender, (iii) case concord is relatively rare and almost never occurs alone, and (iv) it is more common to have concord on both adjectives and demonstratives than on just one or the other.
Friction‐generated surface deposits

Recent publications are reviewed that illustrate friction and wear reductions by friction‐generated surface coatings in a number of applications. The emphasis is on surface chemistry. Topics included are the friction of polymers with and without fillers, the friction of metals and ceramics, friction and wear related to computer disk and tape drives, friction and wear reduction in atmospheres of carbonaceous gases, and chemical reactions between tribological surfaces with and without lubricants.
Historical Thought and Historiography: Modern History (Since the 18th Century) – the West

The article offers a brief survey of the main currents of historical thought and writing in the West since the eighteenth century. It begins with the emergence of a secular outlook in Enlightenment approaches to history. It then proceeds to the transformation of historical studies in the nineteenth century marked by professionalization. Strongly influenced by the work of Leopold von Ranke, historians saw their discipline as a science (Wissenschaft), scientific in the sense of reliance on the critical examination of the sources, distancing itself from nonprofessional amateur historians. Its approach to historical presentation in the form of narrative focusing largely on political events and political leaders differed sharply from broader generalizing approaches as represented in the philosophies of history in very different forms by Georg Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, and Auguste Comte. Although Ranke maintained a European perspective, his followers largely saw history in the service of the national state and nationalism. The Rankean paradigm, which became the basis of history as an academic discipline worldwide, was challenged in the first part of the twentieth century by new social science-oriented approaches that moved from narrative to the analysis of social structures and processes of change. They shared with the older paradigm the conviction that there was an objective historical past that could be known and that history had direction and coherence culminating in the modern world. These two interrelated conceptions were challenged in the last third of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century by social scientists and particularly humanists who questioned the possibility of scientific objectivity and called for the replacement of the Eurocentrism of much of professional historiography up to that point by a global perspective that gives proper attention to gender and to ethnic and social diversities.
Ernst Rüdin and Family Studies

This chapter details the career of Ernst Rudin, the Swiss-born psychiatrist (and former protege of Bleuler). Rudin was the first Director of Genealogical and Demographic Studies at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Psychiatry and a tireless proponent of the compulsory sterilization of the “unfit.” This segues into a history of the Action T4 program for the mass murder of the mentally ill, which in turn served as the pilot program for the Holocaust.
A Framework for Multi-level Life Cycle Analysis of the Energy System

Abstract The energy sector is undergoing a major transformation that is characterized by greater convergence of power, transportation, and industrial sectors and inter-sectoral integration. The existing techniques and tools are unable to accurately estimate the environmental impact of this paradigm shift. To develop a realistic understanding of these dynamics, we have developed a modeling framework that is designed to explore the emissions impacts of all relevant technological, operational, temporal, and geospatial characteristics of the evolving energy system. The tool is built as a MATLAB app that encapsulates MATLAB models, databases, and integrated process simulations. A modular framework constitutes the underlying analytical engine that covers all the life stages of major energy conversion pathways. The current version of the tool contains more than 900 individual pathways, which are responsible for ~ 80% of US greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Here we present an overview of the tool, the modeling approach and example results of case studies investigating electric power system.
Size-Adjustable Functional Maternity Hospital Gowns

The current design of A-line woven gowns with full back openings are physically and emotionally uncomfortable, overly revealing and not functional. These archaic gowns also do not align with shifting ideals towards shared decision making or personalized care in the medical industry. Thus, the purpose of this design is to develop functional maternity hospital gowns that meet the user needs for both patients and practitioners. To determine key design features of patients and practitioners’ user needs for maternity gowns, a user-centered design (UCD) framework (Morris, Park, & Sarkar, 2015) was adopted. This included three focus group interview sessions with postpartum women, phone interviews with three obstetrical nurses at birthing places, and market research that included analyzing 83 gowns from 23 birthing places and 25 leading retailers. Once the design features that met physiological and psychological needs were identified, a 3D croquis based on ASTM-D7191 body measurements for maternity size 12 was generated using Lectra Modaris. The 3D croquis was then used to create finalized design sketches for prototyping.
The Development of DISC (Decision Integration for Strong Communities): An Agile Software Application of Sustainability Indicators for Small and Rural Communities

Small towns and rural communities, like many larger cities, are looking for ways to strengthen their economies, improve quality of life, and build on local assets. They are seeking to create their own path to sustainability that fits their size, geography, and resources and also preserves their distinctive characteristics. To address this need, the Decision Integration for Strong Communities (DISC) application was developed to offer relevant information curated to assist smaller communities with addressing their sustainability goals. To ensure DISC is useful to a variety of smaller and rural communities, EPA project staff reached out to small numbers of interested communities and potential users at different steps of the development process. In late 2019, the DISC application was beta tested by potential users and is now downloadable upon request to collaborating communities.
Cluster dynamics modeling of irradiation growth in single crystal Zr

Abstract Irradiation growth of single-crystal Zr is modeled with a reduced set of cluster dynamics equations. Nucleation and growth of basal and prismatic dislocation loops are both accounted for in the model. Equations are developed for the time evolution of single point defects, a limited number of point defect clusters, interstitial and vacancy loop nucleation rates, as well as for the growth of vacancy loops on basal planes and interstitial loops on prismatic planes. Reduction of the usual infinite hierarchy of cluster dynamics equations to the simple set studied here is justified on the physical basis of the stability of small loops once nucleated. This simplified cluster dynamics model with a small number of adjustable parameters avoids the complexity of explicit representation of higher order point defect clusters. The model shows consistency with experimental observations of the following aspects: (1) the growth rates of Zr crystals along the a- and c-axes; (2) the onset dose for breakaway irradiation growth; (3) the saturation dislocation loop densities of vacancy and interstitial loops; (4) the effects of cold work and temperature on irradiation growth.
Temperance and Eating Meat

This paper provides an account of the Aristotelian virtue of temperance in regards to food, an account that revolves around the idea of enjoying the right objects and not enjoying the wrong ones. In doing so, the paper distinguishes between two meanings of “taking (or not taking) pleasure in something,” one that refers to the idea of the activity and one to the experience of the activity. The paper then connects this distinction to the temperate person’s attitude towards enjoying the right things and to hitting the mean by enjoying the right object, at the right time, and so on. Throughout, the paper uses eating meat as a case in point, to both illustrate and inform the discussion. In the penultimate section, the paper argues that temperance admits of various conceptions depending on what is right and wrong in regards to eating meat. The paper concludes by responding to three objections.
Impact of pontoon vessel geometry on allowable passenger weight using USCG Pontoon Simplified Stability Test

A parametric analysis of stability was performed for more than 30,000 geometric variants of cylindrical-hulled pontoon vessels to quantify the impacts of vessel geometry and prepassenger displacement on the maximum passenger weight allowed by the US Coast Guard (USCG) Pontoon Simplified Stability Test (PSST). Variables examined included pontoon diameter, pontoon length, pontoon separation, deck height, passenger deck width, location of forward and aft edges of the passenger deck, prepassenger displacement prior to loading, and trim. Each pontoon vessel variant was evaluated using General Hydrostatics Software to apply the PSST to determine the maximum passenger weight allowed for that vessel. Graphical analysis of the data demonstrated that a vessel's allowable passenger weight increases with: an increased pontoon diameter or length of pontoon, a decreased deck height, a limited increase in pontoon separation or beam ratio, and a symmetrically decreased passenger deck width or length. Additionally, it was found that each specific vessel has an optimum prepassenger displacement, unique to its pontoon diameter and length of pontoons, which maximizes the allowable passenger weight. Finally, a method is provided to correlate the present results with prior related work by other authors that characterized pontoon vessel stability in the context of pontoon percent submergence.
Persistent Hypoglycemia with Polycystic Kidneys – A Rare Combination

A one-week old female infant was transferred to the NICU from an outlying hospital for concerns of persistent hypoglycemia, despite glucose boluses and parenteral glucose infusion. The patient was born at 39 weeks to a 25-year-old primigravida mother by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Pregnancy was uncomplicated, and negative for maternal diabetes. Mother’s prenatal labs, and ultrasounds during pregnancy showed no abnormalities. Mother was GBS positive for which she did not receive adequate therapy. Patient’s birth weight was 4119 grams (>90th percentile). Blood culture at the outlying facility was negative. Patient exhibited no fever …
Optimal Transparency of Monitoring Capability: A Panopticon from Information Design

Monitoring capabilities are costly to acquire but necessary to deter undesirable behaviors. This paper studies the use of strategic disclosure of the principal's monitoring capability to amplify deterrence without the principal always acquiring the capability. Neither full transparency nor full secrecy is ever optimal. The disclosure policy must incentivize the principal to randomize her capability acquisition decision to keep the agent guessing in equilibrium. This restricts how information can be hidden/revealed to “persuade” the agent against shirking. This tension can be relaxed by also controlling the principal's information. The attainable payoffs are characterized across various types of information devices.
Support for independent learning in evolving computer science disciplines

This paper addresses the challenges of teaching rapidly evolving academic disciplines and argues about the necessity of incorporating self-directed learning in areas where knowledge and skills change fast. We propose a teaching method, which aims at increasing students' engagement and involvement in the learning process. To foster self-directed learning the proposed method leverages motivational mechanisms found in games. Adding game-inspired elements in learning is aimed at environments where learners naturally want to succeed while perceiving what they do as interesting. In addition, the proposed approach gives instructors access to new types of analytics yielding data that speaks to the learning processes, in contrast to simply reporting student outcomes.
Molecular pharmacology and antitumor activity of palmarumycin based inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 4858 The cytosolic thioredoxin (Trx) redox system comprising Trx-1 and Trx-1 reductase (TR) which catalyses the NADPH dependent reduction of Trx-1, regulates cell growth and survival. Trx-1, together with peroxiredoxin-1, is an antioxidant that scavenges H2O2. Trx-1 also reduces protein oxidized cysteine residues to regulates the activity of transcription factors including p53, HIF-1α, Sp1 and Nrf2, and to inhibit the activity of the apoptosis inducing proteins Ask-1 and PTEN. Trx-1 is overexpressed in many human tumors where it is associated with increased cell proliferation, decreased apoptosis and poor patient survival. TR provides an ideal target to regulate the activity of overexpressed Trx-1. We have identified the naphthoquinone spiroketal fungal metabolite palmarumycin CP1 as a potent inhibitor of TR in cells but attempts to exploit the activity of CP1 analogs as antitumor agents in vivo have been hampered by their insolubilityA. We have recently developed a series of water soluble CP1 analog prodrugsB the most active being PX-916 with a water solubility of 10 mg/ml and an IC50 for TR of 0.28 μM, which is similar to that of CP1 and the CP1-analog PX-960 to which PX-916 is converted at pH 7.0 (t1/2 = 1 hr) and in plasma (t1/2 100 fold selectivity for TR compared to NADPH dependent human glutathione reductase and cytochrome P-450 reductase. The IC50 for inhibition of MCF-7 breast cancer cell TR by PX-916 was 0.25 μM and the IC50 for growth inhibition 3.1 μM. PX-916 was stable (t1/2 = 37 hr) at pH 4.0 which was used for iv administration to mice. A single iv dose of PX-916 of 25 mg/kg inhibited MCF-7 tumor xenograft TR up to 60% at 24 hr and the inhibition was maintained for at least 48 hr. The growth of MCF-7 tumor xenografts was decreased from 140 mm3/day in the vehicle control to 15 mm3/day 5 days after the end of dosing by PX-916 at 27.5 mg/kg iv daily for 5 doses (89 % decrease, p < 0.05) and to 10 mm3/day by PX-916 at 27.5 mg/kg iv every other day for 5 doses (93 % decrease, p < 0.05). A-673 rhabdomyosarcoma and SHP-77 small cell lung cancer xenografts also showed marked growth inhibition with PX-916 given at 25 to 30 mg/kg iv or ip daily for 5 days. The major toxicities observed 24 hr after the last off 5 daily doses of PX-916 of 25 mg/kg were neutropenia and thrombocytopenia, with no increase in plasma liver enzymes and no significant weight loss. Thus, the studies demonstrate that TR offers a good target for cancer drug discovery and that water soluble palmarumycin analogs inhibit tumor TR and can give excellent tumor growth control. A Wipf et al. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2004, 2 , 1651-1658. B Wipf et al. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2005 , 3 , 3880-3882.
What not how : the business rules approach to application development

Preface. I. OVERVIEW. 1. What's the Problem? 2. Business Rules Are the Solution! 3. Presentation Rules. 4. Database and Application Rules. 5. The Data Model. 6. Potential Advantages. 7. Potential Disadvantages. 8. Summary of Part I. II. A RELATIONAL PERSPECTIVE. 9. Some Technical Preliminaries. 10. Views, Base Tables, and Stored Tables. 11. Integrity Constraints. 12. A Closer Look at Relational Databases. 13. What Relations Mean. 14. Business Rules and the Relational Model. 15. Summary of Part II. References and Bibliography. Index. 0201708507T04062001
A Simple, Fast, and Compact Static Dictionary

We present a new static dictionary that is very fast and compact, while also extremely easy to implement. A combination of properties make this algorithm very attractive for applications requiring large static dictionaries: 1 High performance, with membership queries taking O(1)-time with a near-optimal constant. 1 Continued high performance in external memory, with queries requiring only 1-2 disk seeks. If the dictionary has n items in $\left\{ 0, ..., m\!-\!1 \right\}$ and d is the number of bytes retrieved from disk on each read, then the average number of seeks is $\min\left(1.63, 1 + O\left( \frac{\sqrt{n} \log m}{d} \right)\right)$. 1 Efficient use of space, storing n items from a universe of size m in $n \log m - \frac{1}{2} n \log n + O\left(n + \log \log m\right)$ bits. We prove this space bound with a novel application of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov distribution. 1 Simplicity, with a 20-line pseudo-code construction algorithm and 4-line query algorithm.
Ispike: a post-link optimizer for the Intel/spl reg/ Itanium/spl reg/ architecture

Ispike is a post-link optimizer developed for the Intel/spl reg/ Itanium Processor Family (IPF) processors. The IPF architecture poses both opportunities and challenges to post-link optimizations. IPF offers a rich set of performance counters to collect detailed profile information at a low cost, which is essential to post-link optimization being practical. At the same time, the predication and bundling features on IPF make post-link code transformation more challenging than on other architectures. In Ispike, we have implemented optimizations like code layout, instruction prefetching, data layout, and data prefetching that exploit the IPF advantages, and strategies that cope with the IPF-specific challenges. Using SPEC CINT2000 as benchmarks, we show that Ispike improves performance by as much as 40% on the ltanium/spl reg/2 processor, with average improvement of 8.5% and 9.9% over executables generated by the Intel/spl reg/ Electron compiler and by the Gcc compiler, respectively. We also demonstrate that statistical profiles collected via IPF performance counters and complete profiles collected via instrumentation produce equal performance benefit, but the profiling overhead is significantly lower for performance counters.
Residue-specific structures and membrane locations of pH-low insertion peptide by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance

The pH-low insertion peptide (pHLIP) binds to a membrane at pH 7.4 unstructured but folds across the bilayer as a transmembrane helix at pH∼6. Despite their promising applications as imaging probes and drug carriers that target cancer cells for cytoplasmic cargo delivery, the mechanism of pH modulation on pHLIP-membrane interactions has not been completely understood. Here, we show the first study on membrane-associated pHLIP using solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Data on residue-specific conformation and membrane location describe pHLIP in various surface-bound and membrane-inserted states at pH 7.4, 6.4 and 5.3. The critical membrane-adsorbed state is more complex than previously envisioned. At pH 6.4, for the major unstructured population, the peptide sinks deeper into the membrane in a state II' that is distinct from the adsorbed state II observed at pH 7.4, which may enable pHLIP to sense slight change in acidity even before insertion.
CONTESSA: concurrency testing augmented with symbolic analysis

Testing of multi-threaded programs poses enormous challenges To improve the coverage of testing, we present a framework named Contessa that augments conventional testing (concrete execution) with symbolic analysis in a scalable and efficient manner to explore both thread interleaving and input data space It is built on partial-order reduction techniques that generate verification conditions with reduced size and search space It also provides a visual support for debugging the witness traces We show its significance in testbeds.
Lorentz symmetric dispersion relation from a random Hamiltonian

We match the density of energy eigenstates of a local field theory with that of a random Hamiltonian order by order in a Taylor expansion. In our previous work we assumed Lorentz symmetry of the field theory, which entered through the dispersion relation. Here we extend that work to consider a generalized dispersion relation and show that the Lorentz symmetric case is preferred, in that the Lorentz symmetric dispersion relation give a better approximation to a random Hamiltonian than the other local dispersion relations we considered.
Economics & Corporate Culture

This is a draft of a chapter for the forthcoming Handbook of Corporate Culture. It surveys some of the existing literature on the economics of corporate culture and discusses how the existing literature on the economics of organization can be tied to research on corporate culture or given a corporate cultural "spin." This chapter also discusses a number of avenues for future research.
Approximate Minimum-Time Trajectories for Two-link Flexible Manipulators

The method of recursive quadratic progamming has been used to generate approximate minimum-time tip trajectories for two-link semi-rigid and flexible manipulator movements in the horizontal plane. The manipulator is modeled with an efficient finite-element scheme for an n-link, m-joint system with bending only in the horizontal-plane. Constraints on the trajectory include boundary conditions on position and energy for a rest-to-rest maneuver, straight-line tracking between boundary positions, and motor torque limits. Trajectory comparisons utilize, a change in the link stiffness, EI, to compare a semirigid configuration to a flexible one. The level of compliance necessary to excite significant modal behavior is demonstrated. Applied torques for minimum-time maneuvers are shown to be very similiar between configurations and retain much of the qualitative character of rigid-body slewing motion.
Incorporating theories of group dynamics in group decision support system (GDSS) design

GDSS design can enhance decision-making by managing information exchange patterns (e.g. ideas, facts, questions, evaluations) in groups. Groups cycle through stages involving identifiable information exchange patterns, and the optimal pattern depends on the group's stage. A GDSS that manages information exchange patterns can improve decision quality. Developing such a system requires formally modeling optimal information exchange patterns. This paper presents exemplary models and research identifying key parameters for developing future models. The models indicate the benefits of large-scale collective decisionmaking. The paper discusses the principles, benefits, and challenges of developing such a GDSS that incorporates theories of group dynamics in systems design.
Effects of Grapefruit Juice on Pharmacokinetic Exposure to Indinavir in HIV‐Positive Subjects

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of double-strength grapefruit juice on gastric pH and systemic bioavailability of indinavir in HIV-infected subjects receiving indinavir. Fourteen HIV-infected subjects took 800 mg of indinavir with 6 ounces (180 ml) of water or double-strength grapefruit juice. Gastric pH was measured and blood samples were collected for 5 hours after indinavir dosing. Grapefruit juice increased the mean gastric pH (from 1.39 +/- 0.4 to 3.20 +/- 0.3; p < 0.05) and slightly delayed the absorption of indinavir (tmax increased from 1.12 +/- 0.8 h to 1.56 +/- 0.6 h; p < 0.05). However, there were no significant differences in indinavir exposure. Cmax was 16.7 +/- 7.3 microM with water versus 13.9 +/- 4.2 microM with grapefruit juice (p = NS), and AUC0-8 was 37.5 +/- 19 with water versus 36.9 +/- 15 with grapefruit juice (p = NS). The authors concluded that concomitant administration of grapefruit juice increases gastric pH and delays indinavir absorption but does not uniformly affect the systemic bioavailability of indinavir in HIV-infected subjects.
The Casimir force: Feeling the heat

A thermal Casimir force — an attraction between two metal surfaces caused by thermal, rather than quantum, fluctuations in the electromagnetic field — is now identified experimentally, with implications for our understanding of electrodynamics.
Training School Psychologists to Conduct Evidence-Based Treatments for Depression.

Cognitive behavioral therapy is an effective approach to the treatment of depressive disorders within schools, due to its demonstrated efficacy, as well as its availability in manualized treatment form. When implemented by therapists with inadequate training, the treatment is often stilted, less engaging for participants, and aimlessly guided through rigid adherence to the treatment manual. The transportability of such interventions to schools will be discussed, highlighting challenges that school psychologists may face, along with addressing important aspects for the successful implementation of treatments. The ACTION treatment program, a highly effective cognitive behavioral intervention for depressed youth, is provided as an example of one such program. Primary treatment components of ACTION are described along with subtleties to effectively train school psychologists who intend to treat depressed youth. The importance of improved training for school psychologists to become effective at implementing cognitive behavioral interventions is highlighted. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Blood cyanide levels in mice after administration of amygdalin.

Oral doses of amygdalin and intraperitoneal (i.p.) doses of potassium cyanide (KCN) in the near-lethal range were administered to CD2F1 female mice. Blood cyanide levels were then measured as a function of time. The maximum cyanide level after amygdalin administration was reached at about 11/2 to 2 h and was within the range of values seen after KCN administration. Behaviour of mice correlated with the time of maximum blood cyanide level. Acute distress was observed at times when the cyanide level was highest. There was great variability in the nature and magnitude of the response in individual mice. The ability of the contents of various regions of the gastrointestinal tract and of tumour tissue to release cyanide from amygdalin was assessed. Stomach and upper intestine had little activity while the lower end and the faeces released large amounts. Again, there was a large variation between mice. These results are interpreted to mean that enteric contents are primarily responsible for the release of cyanide from ingested amygdalin. Freshly minced tumour tissue released negligible amounts of cyanide. Ten-fold higher doses of amygdalin administered i.p. produced very small increases in blood cyanide levels and no toxic behaviour. The doses used are comparable to doses which might be ingested by patients receiving oral amygdalin or Laetrile and indicate that oral amygdalin is potentially extremely dangerous.
Avoir vingt ans dans les Aurès de René Vautier: Le cinéma militant face à la censure d’État au tournant des années 1970

Premier film francais de mise en scene a etre directement consacre a la guerre d’Algerie, Avoir vingt ans dans les Aures (1972) est a premiere vue une œuvre gauchement didactique denoncant l’incorporation psychologique du soldat francais ordinaire. Mais au-dela de son ‘message’ pacifiste le film de Rene Vautier raconte une autre histoire, celle de la lutte pour la libre expression. En revenant sur la production et la reception du film de 1972 et en explorant son utilisation strategique d’elements documentaires dans la fiction, le present article fait apparaitre Avoir vingt ans… comme un ‘film de guerre’ a plus d’un titre. Si l’œuvre revele, par sa mise en scene de sept jours dans la vie d’un commando, les contradictions de la vie militaire auxquelles fut initiee une generation de jeunes Francais, elle expose simultanement la situation politico-economique d’un cinema independant qui depuis les debuts des mouvements anti-colonialistes tente de dejouer les pieges de l’Etat-censeur.
On the mechanics of viscous bodies and elongation in ellipsoidal cells

After deriving some auxiliary equations for the average elongation of a viscous body under the action of forces derived from a potential, the diffusion problem for an ellipsoidal cell with a constant rate of reaction is solved for the case of an infinite permeability. The equation of elongation of such a cell under the influence of diffusion forces is derived, and compared with the, approximate expression obtained by N. Rashevsky for any kind of oblong cell. The two equations are in fair agreement. Effects of constant and variable surface tension are studied.
Quantum versus classical annealing: insights from scaling theory and results for spin glasses on 3-regular graphs.

We would like to thank Claudio Chamon, David Huse, Subir Sachdev, and Peter Young for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1211284. A. W. S. also acknowledges support from the Simons Foundation. (PHY-1211284 - NSF; Simons Foundation)
Evaluation of methodology for detection of genetic bottlenecks: inferences from temporally replicated lake trout populations.

Des methodes statistiques d'evaluation des goulots d'etranglement basees sur les caracteristiques genetiques des populations naturelles ont ete proposees recemment. En absence de toute connaissance directe de la taille des populations actuelles et passees, des evaluations indirectes de tels evenements evolutifs grâce aux donnees genetiques sont importantes pour mener a bien des plans de conservation et de gestion des especes. Nous avons teste ici la methode du rapport M (M-ratio) qui repose sur les profils observes de dispersion des alleles a des locus microsatellites en utilisant trois populations historiques et trois populations contemporaines de la truite des Grands Lacs (salvelinus namaysuch) genotypees a cinq locus microsatellite. Le suivi historique des populations de cette espece dans les Grands Lacs nord-americains montrent des reductions severes des effectifs sur deux generations. Une gamme plausible de parametres caracteristiques des populations naturelles a ete utilisee pour explorer par simulation si chacune de ces populations avait ete affectee ou non par un goulot d'etranglement. Nous montrons que les seules valeurs du rapport M ne sont pas suffisantes pour rendre compte efficacement d'un tel evenement sans connaissance du taux de mutation (μ) et de la taille effective de la population (N e ) a travers le parametre Θ (= 4N e μ). Une meilleure preuve de l'existence d'un goulot d'etranglement recent sera apporte si les etudes employant cette methode sont conduites sur une gamme plausible de valeurs de Θ, ainsi que par des comparaisons qualitatives entre echantillons.
Isolation of isoaccepting tRNAs.

Abstract The N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of succinated polyethylene oxide (polyethylene glycol 6000) has been prepared. The ester has been used to make the N-acyl derivatives of valyl-tRNA and phenylalanyl-tRNA from E. coli K-12. Because of the large molecular weight, high solubility in phenol, and the binding to Corning porous glass of polyethylene oxide, the acyl derivative, N-(succinated polyethylene oxide)-aminoacyl-tRNA, has been separated from unreacted tRNA. Since the reaction is reasonably specific for the amino group of the amino acid, large purifications have been obtained for tRNAval and tRNAphe. Evidence is presented to show that the ester can react with tRNA at a slow rate. The limitations on the purification due to this reaction are quantitatively evaluated. The highest ratios, pmoles aminoacyl-tRNA/ OD260, obtained for valyl-tRNA and phenylalanyl-tRNA were 800 and 360.
Observations and a Model of Undertow over the Inner Continental Shelf

Abstract Onshore volume transport (Stokes drift) due to surface gravity waves propagating toward the beach can result in a compensating Eulerian offshore flow in the surf zone referred to as undertow. Observed offshore flows indicate that wave-driven undertow extends well offshore of the surf zone, over the inner shelves of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, and North Carolina. Theoretical estimates of the wave-driven offshore transport from linear wave theory and observed wave characteristics account for 50% or more of the observed offshore transport variance in water depths between 5 and 12 m, and reproduce the observed dependence on wave height and water depth. During weak winds, wave-driven cross-shelf velocity profiles over the inner shelf have maximum offshore flow (1–6 cm s−1) and vertical shear near the surface and weak flow and shear in the lower half of the water column. The observed offshore flow profiles do not resemble the parabolic profiles with maximum flow at middepth observed within the su...
Sensitive fluorometric assays for glutathione peroxidase and reductase.

Abstract A microfluorometric adaptation of the method of D. E. Paglia and W. N. Valentine has been made which can assay glutathione peroxidase activity in less than 100 μg of tissue. As in the original method, the oxidized glutathione produced in the reaction is coupled to the oxidation of NADPH by glutathione reductase. No inhibition by NADPH was found. A similar method can be used to measure glutathione reductase. These methods have been used to assay glutathione peroxidase and reductase in rat brain and in a neuronal and a glial cell line using samples containing 15 μg of protein. The assays are sensitive enough to allow multiple determinations of the enzymes in brain regions, organotypic tissue cultures, and microwell cell cultures.
Sandia's photonic program and its changing national role

Photonics activities at Sandia National Laboratories are founded on an extensive materials research program. In 1988, the Compound Semiconductor Research Laboratory (CSRL) was established at Sandia to bring together device and materials research and development, in support of Sandia`s role in weapons technologies. Recently, industrial competitiveness has been added as a major mission for the national laboratories. As a result, present photonics programs are not only directed towards internal applications-driven projects, but are increasingly tied to the Department Of Energy`s (DOE`s) Technology Transfer Initiatives (TTIs), Cooperative Research and Development Agreements (CRADAs), and participation in partnerships and consortia. This evolution yields a full range of photonics programs, ranging from materials synthesis and device fabrication to packaging, test, and subsystem development. This paper presents an overview of Sandia`s photonics-program directions, using three applications as examples.
Microstrip Open-Loop Ring Bandpass Filter Using Open Stubs for Harmonic Suppression

Improved harmonic suppression is achieved by adding small shunt open stubs to a conventional open-loop bandpass filter. A design curve for the shunt open stub is derived using the ABCD matrix calculation. The insertion loss of the four-pole filter is 3 dB at 1.8385 GHz, and the return loss is better than 10 dB within 1.7935-1.8835 GHZ. The suppression of the modified filter is better than 30 dB below 1.7 GHz and between 2-6 GHz, while the conventional filter shows a spurious passband at 3.7 GHz.
National Reports and the Construction of Inequality

Abstract The major national reports on education in the United States have acted to alter the very discourse of education. They shift the terrain of debate from a more social democratic concern to the language of efficiency, standards, and productivity. These reports are not only indicators of ideological shifts, however. They are themselves part of the cultural production of such altered public discourse and are constitutive elements of a particular hegemonic project. The reports and the proposals for “reforming” education that they entail are the result of an accord between right‐wing populist groups, capital, and the new middle class. Even though the documents’ perspectives on both the economy and schooling are Seriously deficient, the reports do succeed in disarticulating many of the dominant themes of the previous social democratic accord and rearticulating many of them around rightist principles. The ultimate effect may be eliminating from our collective memory why inequality in education, the econo...