cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Complications in 100 living-liver donors.

Objective: A review of 100 living-liver donors was performed to evaluate the perisurgical complications of the procedure and thus to help quantify the risks to the donor. Summary Background Data: Despite the advantages of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT), the procedure has received criticism for the risk it imposes on healthy persons. A paucity of data exists regarding the complications and relative safety of the procedure. Methods: One hundred LDLTs performed between November 1989 and November 1996 were reviewed. Donor data were obtained by chart review, anesthesia records, and the computerized hospital data base. Patient variables were compared by Fisher's exact test and the Student's t test. Results: There were 57 women and 43 men with a median age of 29. Donors were divided into two groups: group A (first 50 donors), and group B (last 50 donors). There were 91 left lateral segments and 9 left lobes. There were no deaths. Fourteen major complications occurred in 13 patients; 9 occurred in group A and 5 in group B. Biliary complications consisted of five bile duct injuries (group A = 4, group B = 1) and two cut edge bile leaks. Complications were more common in left lobe resections (55%) than in left lateral segment grafts (10%). Minor complications occurred in 20% of patients. A significant reduction in overall complications (major and minor) was observed between the groups (group A, n = 24 [45%] vs. group B, n = 10 [20%]). In addition, surgical time and hospital stay were both significantly reduced. Conclusions: Although the procedure is safe, many LDLT donors have a perisurgical complication. Surgical experience and technical modifications have resulted in a significant reduction in these complications, however. To minimize the risks for these healthy donors, LDLT should be performed at institutions with extensive experience.
First meteor radar observations of tidal oscillations over Jicamarca (11.95° S, 76.87° W)

Abstract. Tidal oscillations in the equatorial mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) region over Jicamarca (11.95° S, 76.87° W) are studied using the observations from the newly installed Jicamarca All-sky Specular MEteor Radar (JASMET). The vertical structure and seasonal variability of diurnal and semidiurnal tides from 80–100 km are presented. The analyses show a strong diurnal tide over Jicamarca for both zonal and meridional components with the meridional amplitudes being larger than the zonal ones. Maximal diurnal amplitudes, 45 m/s for zonal and 55 m/s for meridional, are observed around equinox. The zonal diurnal amplitudes reach maxima at 90–96 km, while the meridional diurnal amplitudes grow with altitude for most months. Semidiurnal amplitudes vary not as strong as diurnal amplitudes. The vertical structures of the tidal components are compared with Global Scale Wave Model (GSWM02) prediction and the tidal wind analysis results from TIDI measurements onboard of the TIMED satellite. The data from JASMET and TIDI show similar amplitudes for both diurnal and semidiurnal tides. GSWM02 overestimates diurnal amplitudes, but underestimates semidiurnal amplitudes for both zonal and meridional components.
Change in ischemia-modified albumin and its clinical significance during exercise stress testing.

BACKGROUND There is little data about the additive effects of ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) on the exercise stress test (EST) used for the screening of ischemic heart disease. The relationship between myocardial ischemic burden and the change in IMA (DeltaIMA) during EST was investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS EST was performed using the Bruce protocol to evaluate chest pain or exertional dyspnea in 155 patients (men 89, 53+/-13 years). Blood samples for IMA were obtained before and immediately after EST. According to the EST results and the pattern of DeltaIMA, patients were categorized into 3 groups (none was classified as EST(-)/DeltaIMA(+)): (1) (EST(-); (2) EST(+)/DeltaIMA(-); and (3) EST(+)/DeltaIMA(+). After EST, 60 of 155 (38.7%) patients were EST(+) and 14/60 (23.3%) were EST(+)/DeltaIMA(+). Duke treadmill score was significantly lower in the EST(+)/DeltaIMA(+) group compared with the other groups (-9.0+/-7.9, -1.7+/-4.2, 6.7+/-4.4, respectively, P<0.001); 43/60 (72%) patients with EST(+) underwent coronary angiography and the proportion of patients with a large ischemic burden was higher in the EST(+)/DeltaIMA(+)group compared with the EST(+)/DeltaIMA(-) group (72.7% vs 15.6%, P=0.001). CONCLUSIONS Increased IMA after EST suggests a large ischemic burden in coronary artery disease, so the DeltaIMA during EST may be useful for predicting the severity of myocardial ischemia.
Quantitative high-pressure pair distribution function analysis

The collection of scattering data at high pressure and temperature is now relatively straightforward thanks to developments at high-brightness synchrotron radiation facilities. Reliable data from powders, that are suitable for structure determination and Rietveld refinement, are routinely collected up to about 30 GPa in either a large-volume high-pressure apparatus or diamond anvil cell. In those cases where the total elastic scattering is of interest, as it is in the case of nano-crystalline and glassy materials, technical developments, including the use of focused high-energy X-rays (>80 keV), are advantageous. Recently completed experiments on nano-crystalline materials at the 1-ID beamline at the Advanced Photon Source suggest that quantitative data, suitable for pair distribution function analysis, can be obtained.
Spatial structure of thermocline and abyssal internal waves in the Sargasso Sea

Abstract Vertical and horizontal spatial structures are analyzed for the steady and internal wave velocity contributions in one hundred full-water-depth velocity profiles collected in the Sargasso Sea in water depths between 4500 and 5500 m. Temporal decompositions into subinertial, near-inertial, and high-frequency velocity contributions are obtained from multiple, but brief time series at several locations. Horizontal spatial variability is evaluated from two simultaneous velocity profiles at separations ranging from 15 m to 12.5 km. The total internal wave field exhibits equipartition between east and north velocity components, a decrease in energy density at the smallest vertical wavenumbers, and an overall dependence for kinetic energy (KE) on vertical wavenumber as m −2.5 . Most of the internal wave energy is in near-inertial motions and, of this, most occurs at Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) normalized vertical wavelengths of 150–800 stretched-m (i.e., sm) with a spectral peak at 500-sm wavelength (for N o =3 cph) and average surrounding the peak of 3 c/skm (330 sm). Near-inertial contributions exhibit a power law of m −3 , while higher-frequency internal waves ( ω >2 f ) a slope o f m −2 . There is strong vertical polarization (clockwise>anticlockwise) (CW>ACW) of the near-inertial contribution but little or none for higher-frequency motions. There is more WKB normalized near-inertial KE in the lower than in the upper half of the WKB-scaled water column while high-frequency internal waves have comparable upper and lower halves energies. The upper half shows a deficit compared to the Garrett and Munk model spectrum at vertical wavelengths shorter than 100 sm. Time-mean shear is largest in the upper half, so critical-layer processes may play a role. The internal wave KE of simultaneous but spatially separated profiles has a zero-correlation scale of 15–20 km, dominantly due to near-inertial waves. Thus, deep near-inertial motions exhibit wavelengths of 60–80 km in contrast to longer scales reported in the surface mixed layer and upper pycnocline. The aspect ratio k / m (330 sm/70 km) corresponds to a wave frequency of 1.05 f . The downward group velocity is 0.6 mm s −1 , with a vertical energy flux for the near-inertial motions of 0.6 mW m −2 .
Evaluating software controls for electronic data interchange

Abstract A number of attempts have been made to quantify the problem of control evaluation in computer-based information systems. This problem is particularly difficult in electronic data interchange systems where controls are primarily in the software, and undetected errors can quickly lead to severe consequences. An integer programming formulation provides a formal means of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of various control combinations. However, progression to testing its validity in practice has been slow due to computational limitations. Presented here is an alternative model which obtaines the same objectives, is computationally efficient and has the capability of handling problems of realistic size.
Satellite surveillance of the Gulf and beyond: An overview of the LSU Earth Scan Laboratory's ocean observing capabilities

The Earth Scan Laboratory (ESL), a facility in the Coastal Studies Institute (CSI) of the Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences (DOCS) at LSU was founded in 1988, and was one of the first universities in the United States to have a real-time satellite capture capability. The ESL's unique location, north of the central Gulf of Mexico, provides a radio horizon for polar orbiting satellites that extends north, into the Hudson Bay, south beyond Panama, and east/west to cover both seaboards of the United States. Over the past two decades, the ESL has built a reputation for providing access to a variety of sensor systems on board a large array of satellites. With it ability to capture several of the National Oceanographie and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) environmental satellites, including the eastern GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite) satellite, the ESL is able to observe local ocean phenomena, such as the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current (LC) as well as the El Nino/La Nina oscillations of the eastern Pacific ocean. The ESL provides a large archive of imagery on its web site (http://www.esl.lsu.edu), and focuses on access to real-time data. An overview of the ESL capabilities and activities is given, with attention to ocean observation, and its role in research, education, commerce, and emergency response.
Contemporary Issues in Social Skills Research With Mentally Retarded Persons

There is consistent evidence that a majority of mildly and moderately mentally retarded persons adjust to community environments upon leaving school. Mental age and academic achievement appear not to have a significant influence on adjustment. Other features, including interpersonal skills and social competence do have a strong bearing on community adjustment. In view of this, numerous studies over the past two decades have been conducted to evaluate social skill enhancement strategies. Unfortunately, there are serious limitations to this literature. Specifically, (a) the absence of a conceptual base has resulted in the failure of research to build a comprehensive body of knowledge; (b) training priorities have not been matched to learner characteristics or needs; (c) the social significance of program effects has generally been ignored; (d) independent and dependent variables have not been evaluated and applied with equal precision ; (e) investigators seldom evaluate the generality of effects to other se...
Effects of early intermittent passive mobilization on healing canine flexor tendons.

The response of healing canine flexor tendons to motion was investigated using protected passive mobilization techniques. Early motion, delayed motion, and immobilization groups were compared over a 12-week period,for their strength and excursion characteristics. Tendons which were mobilized early showed progressively greater ultimate load and linear slope values at each time interval tested. The ultimate load of the immediately mobilized tendons, those tested at 3 weeks, was twice as great, and the linear slope values were almost three times greater than the immobilized repairs at 3 weeks. Similar differences were noted at each time interval through 12 weeks. The differences in angular rotation of the distal interphalangeal joint.following the application ql a small load were also significant. At 12 weeks, the angular rotation of the tendons of the immobilization group averaged only 19% ± 2%r of their intact contralateral controls. The delayed mobilization tendons produced values (?f'67% ± 8%, and the immediate mobilization tendons produced 95% ± 10% of the control joint motion. These findings indicate that earls protected passive mobilization augments the physiologic processes that determine the strength and excursion of repaired flexor tendons.
Ethical value systems: a typology

The role of value systems in the study of ethical motivation is a neglected area of research, partly due to an absence of typologies which classify entire value systems. In this article, a theoretical typology of four ethical value system types is created by placing Rokeach's value types onto a matrix. Individuals exhibiting each value system type are identified through a scoring system supported by a cluster analysis. Studies testing this typology indicate that subjects describe themselves on personal inventories for Machiavellianism and narcissism consistently with predictions derived from the value system model. Subjects also were able reliably to associate these four value system types with the perceived ethical behavior of well-known individuals.
Software for Investigating the Kinematics, Statics and Dynamics of Coupler-Driven Four-Bars for Two Position Synthesis

The synthesis of a planar four-bar in which a point on the coupler reaches two specified points and orientations generates a six-fold space of solutions. The solution space increases if additional links are added to drive the mechanism, such as the Stephenson III. This paper presents an investigation of a coupler driven four-bar linkage, a Stephenson III six-bar with an RPR chain driving the four-bar sub-chain instead of the classically defined 3R chain. The software allows the designer to specify the problem and quickly scan the solution space. A comparison is constructed between a four-bar driven through a torque at the input link and a coupler-driven four-bar. Changes in branch points, the joint force index and the dynamics are observed.
Environmental Reviews and Case Studies: Evaluating the Scientific Support of Conservation Best Management Practices for Shale Gas Extraction in the Appalachian Basin

Extensive shale gas development is expected throughout the Appalachian Basin, and implementing effective avoidance and mitigation techniques to reduce ecosystem impacts is essential. Adoption of be...
Experimentally induced corticosteroid arthropathy

Intraarticular injections of triamcinolone acetonide resulted in deleterious changes in living rabbit articular knee cartilage. These changes were characterized by an increased frequency of chondrocyte nuclear degeneration and prominent cyst formation as compared with control animals. Degenerative changes were localized to the cartilage of the medial tibial plateau. This localization may be related to the different histologic pattern seen in this cartilage surface as compared to other areas of the knee. The correlation between certain pre-existing patterns of cartilage histology and susceptibility to degenerative change may provide a clue to the localization of degenerative joint disease in humans.
Tobacco sales and promotion in bars, cafes and nightclubs from large cities around the world

Context Little is known about tobacco promotion activities in low and middle-income countries. Information on tobacco sales, advertisement and promotion in bars, cafes and nightclubs is needed to develop interventions to reduce smoking initiation and relapse, particularly among youths and young adults. Objective To evaluate cigarette sales and tobacco advertisement and promotion in bars, cafes and nightclubs using a volunteer survey approach in large cities throughout the world. Methods Between 2007 and 2009, we administered an interview-based survey to 231 bar/cafe/nightclub owners/managers in 24 large cities in Africa, the Americas, Asia and eastern Europe. Results Cigarette sales and tobacco advertisement and promotions were found in bars/cafes/nightclubs in most cities. Examples of promotions included cigarette giveaways and event sponsorship. Establishments that allowed smoking were more likely to sell cigarettes compared to smoke-free establishments (OR 8.67, 95% CI 3.25 to 23.1). Larger establishments (maximum occupancy $100 vs <100 customers) were more likely to have tobacco advertising (OR 4.35, 95% CI 2.04 to 9.24) and to receive promotional items from tobacco companies (OR 3.18, 95% CI 1.41 to 7.17). Conclusions Cigarette sales and tobacco promotions were common in bars, cafes and nightclubs in the majority of cities. Socialising and hospitality venues must be covered by legislation banning tobacco sales and promotions to limit exposure among populations at high risk of tobacco initiation and relapse from quitting.
A Chemical and Structural Study of the AlN-Si Interface

Samples of A1N grown on silicon [111] subtrates were examined using electron enery loss spectroscopy (EELS) and selected area diffraction (SAD) with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to determine the source of out-of-place tilts and in-plane rotations of the A1N crystallites at the Si interface.
Exact finite dimensional nonlinear filters for continuous time processes with discrete time measurements

An exact finite dimensional filter is derived for random processes with certain nonlinear dynamics, that evolve continuously in time and which are observed at discrete points in time with linear measurements corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise. The nonlinear continuous time dynamics must satisfy two conditions that are nearly identical to those recently used by V. E. Benes to derive exact finite dimensional filters for continuous time dynamics and continuous time measurements. As usual, the mathematical tools required to deal with discrete time measurements are much simpler than for continuous time measurements, which makes the discrete time theory accessible to a wider audience. Furthermore, the computational requirements to implement the new discrete time filter are comparable to the Kalman filter. A number of simple approximation techniques are suggested for practical applications in which the dynamics do not satisfy the conditions used by Benes. These approximations are analogous to the so-called "extended Kalman filter," and they represent a generalization of the standard linearization method.
Spacecraft Design for Planetary Exploration

First page of article Keywords: planetary exploration spacecraft (PES) design; planetary protection
Continuous resistivity profiling to delineate submarine groundwater discharge - Examples and limitations

Aquifer-ocean interaction, saline intrusion, and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) are emerging topics in hydrology and oceanography with important implications for water-resource management and estuarine ecology. Although the threat of saltwater intrusion has long been recognized in coastal areas, SGD has, until recently, received much less attention. It is clear that SGD constitutes a major nutrient flux to coastal waters, with implications for estuarine ecology, eutrophication, and loss of coral reefs; however, fundamental questions regarding SGD remain unanswered: What are the spatial and temporal distributions of SGD offshore? How do seasonal and storm-related variations in aquifer recharge affect SGD flux and nutrient loading? What controls do aquifer structure and heterogeneity impose? How are SGD and saline recirculation related? Geophysical methods can provide insights to help answer these questions and improve the understanding of this intriguing and environmentally relevant hydrologic pheno...
Analysis of EphA4 in the lesser spotted catshark identifies a primitive gnathostome expression pattern and reveals co-option during evolution of shark-specific morphology

The Eph family is the largest known group of structurally related receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Each Eph receptor has a specific Ephrin ligand, and these function to define spatial boundaries during development. Analyses of EphA4 in mouse, chick, frog and zebrafish embryos have implicated this gene in a number of developmental processes, including maintenance of segmental boundaries, axon guidance, limb development, neural crest migration and patterning of the ear. In order to determine which components of EphA4 function may be primitive for gnathostomes, we cloned EphA4 from the lesser spotted catshark ( Scyliorhinus canicula) and examined its expression pattern during shark embryonic development. Consistent with the patterns reported for bony fish and tetrapods, we observed segmental expression of EphA4 in the developing hindbrain and later in the pharyngeal arches of shark embryos. EphA4 was also detected during sensory organogenesis, in the developing ear, eye, nasal pits and lateral line. A dynamic pattern of EphA4expression occurs during shark fin development, suggesting an early role in outgrowth and patterning of the fin buds and a later role in tissue differentiation. We also observed several novel domains of EphA4expression that have not been reported in other vertebrates, including external gill buds, dermal denticles, median fins and claspers. While some of these domains may reflect co-option of EphA4expression to novel sites for development of shark-specific characters, others are more likely to be ancestral patterns of expression that were lost in other vertebrate lineages.
Small-Dose Dexamethasone Improves Quality of Recovery Scores After Elective Cardiac Surgery: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

Objectives The use of steroid therapy in cardiac surgical patients remains controversial. The aim of this clinical investigation was to determine the effect of small-dose dexamethasone therapy on patient-perceived quality of recovery (QoR) scores in elective cardiac surgical patients. In addition, the authors assessed the impact of dexamethasone on the incidence of common adverse events after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Design A prospective, randomized study. Setting University hospitals. Participants One hundred seventeen patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and anticipated early tracheal extubation. Interventions Subjects were randomized to receive either dexamethasone (dexamethasone group, 8 mg at the induction of anesthesia and at the initiation of CPB) or placebo (control group, saline). Measurements and Main Results The QoR was assessed using the QoR-40 scoring system preoperatively and on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 2. Secondary outcome measures assessed in the postoperative period included nausea, vomiting, fatigue, febrile responses, shivering, pulmonary gas exchange, and analgesic requirements. Global QoR-40 scores (median [range]) were higher in the dexamethasone group compared with the control group on POD 1 (167 [133-192] v 157 [108-195]; p Conclusions Patient-perceived postoperative QoR in cardiac surgical patients is enhanced significantly by small-dose dexamethasone treatment.
Interpersonal trauma exposure and cognitive development in children to age 8 years: a longitudinal study

Background Childhood trauma exposure has been associated with deficits in cognitive functioning. The influence of timing of exposure on the magnitude and persistence of deficits is not well understood. The impact of exposure in early development has been especially under-investigated. This study examined the impact of interpersonal trauma exposure (IPT) in the first years of life on childhood cognitive functioning. Methods Children (N=206) participating in a longitudinal birth cohort study were assessed prospectively for exposure to IPT (physical or emotional abuse or neglect, sexual abuse, witnessing maternal partner violence) between birth and 64 months. Child intelligent quotient (IQ) scores were assessed at 24, 64 and 96 months of age. Race/ethnicity, gender, socioeconomic status, maternal IQ, birth complications, birth weight and cognitive stimulation in the home were also assessed. Results IPT was significantly associated with decreased cognitive scores at all time points, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors, maternal IQ, birth complications, birth weight and cognitive stimulation in the home. IPT in the first 2 years appeared to be especially detrimental. On average, compared with children not exposed to IPT in the first 2 years, exposed children scored one-half SD lower across cognitive assessments. Conclusion IPT in early life may have adverse effects on cognitive development. IPT during the first 2 years may have particular impact, with effects persisting at least into later childhood.
Adapted Interactive Writing Instruction with Kindergarten Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing.

The study describes an adapted form of interactive writing (McCarrier, Pinnell, & Fountas, 2000) and examines its effectiveness as an approach to beginning writing instruction for young children who are deaf or hard of hearing. Systematic videotape analysis was used to document the content of 45 adapted interactive writing lessons across an academic year. Findings of the study suggest that interactive writing has the potential to support early writing development in young deaf and hard of hearing children, if supplemented by techniques that make the phonology of English visible.
3D heterogeneous integrated systems: Liquid cooling, power delivery, and implementation

This paper describes a novel 3D integration technology that enables the integration of electrical, optical, and microfluidic interconnects in a 3D die stack. The electrical interconnects are used to provide power delivery and signaling, the optical interconnects are used to enable optical signal routing to all levels of the 3D stack, and the microfluidic interconnects are used to cool each level in the 3D stack and thus enable stacking of high-performance (high-power) dice. These interconnects are integrated in a 3D stack both as through-silicon vias (TSVs) and as input/output (I/O) interconnects. Design trade-offs (TSV density, power supply noise, thermal resistance, and pump size), fabrication, and assembly are reported.
ASN1-light: A Verified Message Encoding for Security Protocols

There is a mismatch between the data format used in implementations of security protocols and the data types used in formal verification of security protocols. We present a verified encoding scheme for data used in security protocols, which links the abstract data types of the formal world to a byte format usable in implementations. The encoding is inspired by the ASN1 encoding scheme. The encoding is implemented in Java and the implementation is proven to be correct against a formal specification. The implementation can be used as a reusable reference library in security protocol implementations. The benefit is a separation of concerns: The protocol can be verified on an abstract level. The mapping to bytes is automatically correct by linking the library. Additionally the encoding is a challenging Java verification case study in its own.
The Pharmacology of the Ductus Arteriosus

The ductus arteriosus is a shunt blood vessel of fetal life; it extends between the pulmonary artery and the aorta. It shunts deoxygenated blood from the main pulmonary artery to the descending aorta. Over half of the blood flow in the descending aorta is diverted to the umbilico-placental
Existence and properties of a value allocation for an economy with differential information

We prove the existence of a private value allocation for an economy with differential information where the commodity space may be infinite dimensional, and there is a continuum of states. We also discuss the existence, non-existence, and properties of two alternative value allocation concepts.
Structure–property relationships in bibenzoxazole polymers containing fluorocarbon linkages

A series of bibenzoxazole polymers with general formula where R′f and Rf are fluorocarbon-containing linkages has presented a unique opportunity to determine relationships between physical transitions and molecular structure. The results of oscillatory thermomechanical experiments (∼1 Hz) show two glassy-state and a glass transition as amorphous transitions for each material above −180°C. Each glassy-state transition is correlated with onset of motion of specific linkages, the flexibilities of which depend on the structure and molecular positions of the linkages. The glass transition temperatures depend on the two relaxations (T < Tg) in a systematic manner.
A Computer Aided Display-Control Selection Procedure for Process Control Jobs—UNISER

Abstract This paper presents a computerized algorithm that can be used for selecting displays and controls required for large control panels typical of the process industry (chemical plants, refineries, nuclear reactors, etc.). Required input is basically a description of the various information items to be displayed by the machine and the actions to be performed by the operator. In developing the algorithm, a data base was created using the available literature as well as surveying a number of experts in the field. The principles of the algorithm and two illustrative examples are presented and discussed.
Flow control of real-time unicast multimedia applications in best-effort networks

One of the fastest growing segments of Internet applications are real-time multimedia applications, like Voice over Internet Protocol ( VoIP). Real-time multimedia applications use the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) as the transport protocol because of the inherent conservative nature of the congestion avoidance schemes of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). The effects of uncontrolled flows on the Internet have not yet been felt because UDP traffic frequently constitutes only ∼20% of the total Internet traffic. It is pertinent that real-time multimedia applications become better citizens of the Internet, while at the same time deliver acceptable Quality of Service (QoS). Traditionally, packet losses and the increase in the end-to-end delay experienced by some of the packets characterizes congestion in the network. These two signals have been used to develop most known flow control schemes. The current research considers the flow accumulation in the network as the signal for use in flow control. The most significant contribution of the current research is to propose novel end-to-end flow control schemes for unicast real-time multimedia flows transmitting over best-effort networks. These control schemes are based on predictive control of the accumulation signal. The end-to-end control schemes available in the literature are based on reactive control that do not take into account the feedback delay existing between the sender and the receiver nor the forward delay in the flow dynamics. The performance of the proposed control schemes has been evaluated using the ns-2 simulation environment. The research concludes that active control of hard real-time flows delivers the same or somewhat better QoS as High Bit Rate (HBR, no control), but with a lower average bit rate. Consequently, it helps reduce bandwidth use of controlled real-time flows by anywhere between 31:43% to 43:96%. Proposed reactive control schemes deliver good QoS. However, they do not scale up as well as the predictive control schemes. Proposed predictive control schemes are effective in delivering good quality QoS while using up less bandwidth than even the reactive control schemes. They scale up well as more real-time multimedia flows start employing them.
Emergence of Magnetic States in Pr2Fe4–xCoxSb5 (1 < x < 2.5)

Single crystals of Pr2Fe4–xCoxSb5 (1 < x < 2.5) were grown from a Bi flux and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The compounds adopt the La2Fe4Sb5 structure type (I4/mmm). The structure of Pr2Fe4–xCoxSb5 (1 < x < 2.5) contains a network of transition metals forming isosceles triangles. The x ∼ 1 analogue is metallic and exhibits a magnetic transition at T1 ≈ 25 K. The magnetic moment obtained from the Curie–Weiss fit is 11.49(4) μB, which is larger than the spin-only Pr3+ moment. The x ∼ 2 analogue orders magnetically at T1 ≈ 80 and T2 ≈ 45 K. This is the first case of the substitution of Co into the La2Fe4Sb5 structure type, evidenced by the increased concentration of dopant with decreased lattice parameters coupled with a change in the transition temperature with a change in the cobalt concentration. The added complexity in the magnetic behavior of the x ∼ 1 and 2 analogues indicates that the increased concentration of Co invokes an additional magnetic contribution of the transition metal in the sublat...
Ipilimumab associated colitis: An IpiColitis case series at MedStar Georgetown University Hospital

Although ipilimumab has been shown to improve survival in patients with metastatic melanoma and cause regression of metastatic renal cell carcinoma, the associated immune-related toxicities are of concern. The resultant T cell activation by this monoclonal antibody causes an increased immune response, which has been associated with many immune-regulated adverse effects. One of the most concerning effects is the development of colitis. Upwards to 8% of patients have been reported to develop colitis, with 5% being severe (Grades 3-4). While initial treatment of such adverse effects is generally comprised of supportive and symptomatic treatment, more severe cases warrant the use of high dose steroids. Furthermore, use of anti-TNF agents is usually reserved for those cases that prove to be refractory to steroids. We describe a systematic case review of seven patients who developed gastrointestinal symptoms following initiation of ipilimumab immunotherapy, and present the steps in their evaluation, treatment and outcomes at our institution.
Brownian motion of tethered nanowires.

Brownian motion of slender particles near a boundary is ubiquitous in biological systems and in nanomaterial assembly, but the complex hydrodynamic interaction in those systems is still poorly understood. Here, we report experimental and computational studies of the Brownian motion of silicon nanowires tethered on a substrate. An optical interference method enabled direct observation of microscopic rotations of the slender bodies in three dimensions with high angular and temporal resolutions. This quantitative observation revealed anisotropic and angle-dependent hydrodynamic wall effects: rotational diffusivity in inclined and azimuth directions follows different power laws as a function of the length, \ensuremath{\sim}${L}^{\ensuremath{-}2.5}$ and \ensuremath{\sim}${L}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, respectively, and is more hindered for smaller inclined angles. In parallel, we developed an implicit simulation technique that takes the complex wire-wall hydrodynamic interactions into account efficiently, the result of which agreed well with the experimentally observed angle-dependent diffusion. The demonstrated techniques provide a platform for studying the microrheology of soft condensed matters, such as colloidal and biological systems near interfaces, and exploring the optimal self-assembly conditions of nanostructures.
Pure Gold for Broken Bodies: Discursive Techniques Constructing Milk Banking and Peer Milk Sharing in U.S. News

Technological advances provide increased ability to transfer human tissues—blood, organs, milk—from one body to another. This article analyzes mechanisms of reality construction in U.S. news to construct shared human breast milk. Articles used typifications and human interest stories to convey participants as victims, lay heroes, and villains. Milk banking was portrayed as institutionally integrated through associations, expert testimonies, and formalized procedures, making banked milk “pure gold.” Peer sharing was portrayed as institutionally opposed through institutional warnings, expert testimonies, informal procedures, and hypothetical atrocities, making peer milk “fool's gold.” Findings suggest that “biovalue” of human milk is interconnected with institutional processing.
Transitioning From Detoxification to Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Facilitators and Barriers

Although successful transitions from detoxification to substance use disorder treatment are associated with improved outcomes, many detoxification patients do not initiate treatment. This qualitative study informs detoxification and addiction treatment providers, and health systems, about how to improve detoxification to treatment transitions, by reporting detoxification providers' views of transition facilitators and barriers. The sample consisted of 30 providers from 30 Veterans Health Administration detoxification programs. Themes regarding transition facilitators and barriers emerged at the patient, program (detoxification programs, and addiction programs), and system levels. Detoxification program-level practices of discharge planning, patient education, and rapport building were reported as facilitating the transition to treatment. Six themes captured transition facilitators within addiction treatment programs: the provision of evidence-based practices, patient-centered care, care coordination, aftercare, convenience, and a well-trained and professional staff. This study expands previous literature on detoxification and addiction treatment by systematically and qualitatively examining factors that promote and hinder treatment initiation after inpatient and outpatient detoxification, from a provider perspective, in an era of health care reform and expanded substance use disorder treatment.
Leukoencephalopathy and Keratoderma

A new familial neurocutaneous syndrome consisting of palmoplantar keratoderma (PPK) and adult-onset leukoencephalopathy is reported in four siblings from Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel.
Evaluating Potential Dryland Cropping Systems Adapted to Climate Change in the Central Great Plains

Climate in the semiarid central Great Plains is expected to become warmer and drier in coming decades, with potentially greater variability in precipitation and temperature. Cropping systems that include forages and allow flexibility for determining if a crop should be planted and which crop to plant (based on available soil water at planting) may provide the opportunity to maintain economic viability in a changing climate environment. The objective of this study was to compare cropping system productivity and profitability of flexible rotations that incorporate forages against grain-based cropping systems that are set rotational sequences. Yield and net returns for five set rotations and three flexible rotations were compared at Akron, CO, over 5 yr. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields were reduced by 57% when the fallow period prior to wheat production was replaced with crop production. Average net income was greatest for the continuously cropped all-forage set 3-yr rotation followed by the flexible 3-yr rotations that included wheat and forage phases. The lowest net returns were seen for the set grain-based rotations and the flexible wheat–grain crop rotation. Incorporating forage production as a phase in dryland wheat rotational systems can add profitability and sustainability to the production system in the face of climate variability.
The Circulation of Verse at the Inns of Court and in London in Early Stuart England

The material evidence of the surviving manuscript texts of English verse from the early modern period allows us to discern various socioliterary relationships. Verse was transmitted between particular individuals (often on single sheets suitable for enclosure in letters); it was circulated in bifolia and quires or booklets of poetry within restricted social groups; individual or group collecting produced compilations of poems within a particular environment, combined often with poems from other milieux. The circulation of manuscript verse within familial, collegial, or other social circles led to the creation of larger collections—either blank codices filled by a scribe or scribes or combinations of booklets or fascicles in volumes bound either in their own time or later. Sometimes the transcription of an anthology (either a poetical anthology or manuscript miscellany of verse and prose) took place over many years, if not decades. The movement of texts from the more to the less private circuits of communication could also result in their being gathered for printed poetical anthologies or miscellanies.1
Corrigendum to “Mixed interpolating-smoothing splines and the v-spline” [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 322 (2006) 28–40]

Abstract In [6] , the problem of mixed interpolation and smoothing by splines was generalized and applied to certain practical problems. In particular, conditions for the existence of solutions were provided in Theorem 1 . In Proposition 6 of [8] , it was shown that solutions may not always exist under the conditions of Theorem 1 . Therefore, it is the purpose of this paper to rectify this theorem. We do so with an additional condition on finiteness of the kernel of an operator. While the original proof holds with this finiteness assumption, we provide a revised proof that more clearly shows where this assumption is used. This extra assumption of finiteness has been assumed in all examples by the author in [6] .
Comparative effectiveness of dual-action versus single-action antidepressants for the treatment of depression in people living with HIV/AIDS

Abstract Background Depression is the most common psychiatric comorbidity among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). Little is known about the comparative effectiveness between different types of antidepressants used to treat depression in this population. We compared the effectiveness of dual-action and single-action antidepressants in PLWHA for achieving remission from depression. Methods We used data from the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinic Systems to identify 1175 new user dual-action or single-action antidepressant treatment episodes occurring from 2005 to 2014 for PLWHA diagnosed with depression. The primary outcome was remission from depression defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score Results In ITT analysis, 32% of the episodes ended in remission for both dual-action and single-action antidepressants. The odds ratio (OR) of remission was 1.02 (95%CI=0.63,1.67). In PP analysis, 40% of dual-action episodes ended in remission compared to 32% in single-action episodes. Dual-action episodes had 1.33 times the odds of remission (95%CI=0.55,3.21), however the result was not statistically significant. Non-significant differences were also observed for depressive symptom severity. Limitations Missing data was common but was addressed with inverse probability weights. Conclusions Results suggest that single-action and dual-action antidepressants are equally effective in PLWHA. Remission was uncommon highlighting the need to identify health service delivery strategies that aid HIV providers in achieving full remission of their patients’ depression.
Transport and Storage of Fine Particulate Organic Matter

Particulate organic matter comes from a variety of sources in stream ecosystems. Organic particles in the size range of >0.45 to <1000 μm that are either suspended in the water column or deposited within lotic habitats are considered as fine particulate organic matter or FPOM. Suspended FPOM functions as an important food resource for many filter-feeding animals and represents a major pathway of organic matter export downstream. FPOM deposited on the stream bottom (i.e., fine benthic organic matter) can vary greatly between stream habitats (e.g., pools and riffles) and is a key food for deposit feeders. FPOM also varies in quality, often as a product of its source. We present several methods appropriate for use by both researchers and students to quantify this dynamic constituent of stream ecosystems. These approaches examine linkages with biota and between the water column and various substrata.
In-session therapist actions for improving client retention in family therapy: Translating empirical research into clinical practice

ABSTRACTUp to half of clients in psychotherapy do not return after their initial session, and clients in family therapy are more likely than those in individual therapy to terminate after the first session. Recent research has identified six therapist-related conditions in the family therapy session that have influenced client decisions to continue after the first session. This article reports the findings of a review of the professional literature aimed at operationalizing the six therapist-related conditions by identifying specific family therapist actions that can be deliberately applied during initial family therapy sessions to increase the chances that client families will return.
Linking care of patients with obesity to outpatient weight control clinics following acute hospitalizations

Despite obesity impacting over one-third of US adults, guideline recommendations have not been effectively utilized by health care providers in hospital settings. Initiation of weight loss plans for obese patients during hospitalizations followed by linkage of care to weight control centers may improve compliance with the guidelines. Provider recognition and awareness that obesity is a chronic condition that warrants inpatient counsel and management with appropriate arrangement of postdischarge follow-up care will be critical to guideline implementation.
Social media in the store environment: The impact of social network applications onconsumer emotions, cognitions, and purchase intentions

Social media is rapidly changing the online retail landscape (Constantinides & Fountain, 2008). Because of social media, consumers can now blog, review, tweet, and post on Facebook about their consumption experiences. Social media includes social network sites, such as Facebook and Twitter, but also includes social network applications, such as online ratings and reviews. Social network applications give retailers the opportunity to add a human element, or social cues, to their online retail websites. Research in traditional brick and mortar environments has shown that an increase in social cues can lead to an increase in positive emotions, attitudes, and purchase intentions towards a retailer (Hu & Jasper, 2006; Baker, Grewal, & Parasuraman, 1994). This research attempts to understand the influence that three social network applications have on consumer decision-making and behaviors.
On the Work of Efim Zelmanov

Efim Zelmanov has received a Fields Medal for the solution of the restricted Burnside problem. This problem in group theory had long been known to be related to the theory of Lie algebras. In fact, to a large extent it is the problem in Lie algebras. A precise statement of it can be found in Section 2 below.
Prevalence and impact of WHO group 3 pulmonary hypertension in advanced idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia.

Group 3 Pulmonary Hypertension commonly complicates idiopathic NSIP and is associated with adverse outcomes
What is artificial intelligence? psychometric AI as an answer

We propose an answer to the "What is AI?" question, namely, that Al is really (or at least really ought in significant part to be) Psychometric AI (PAI). Along the way, we: set out and rebut five objections to PAI; describe PERI, a robot in our lab who exemplifies PAI; and briefly treat the future of Psychometric AI, first by pointing toward some promising PAI-based applications, and then by raising some of the "big" philosophical questions the success of Psychometric AI will raise.