cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Monomolecular and thin polymer fi lms: fabrication, characterization, applications, and models of wett ing

The dependence of the contact angle on the pH of the probe liquid has been used to examine the acid-base reactivity of the native oxide of evaporated silver Alms. The results indicate that these Hlms have a surface isoelectric point of -10.4, which corresponds to a basic oxide. Thermodynamic formulas are also derived to relate the change in contact angle with the charge density of the surface.
A Professional Development Program in Geriatric Interdisciplinary Teamwork: Implications for Managed Care and Quality of Care

This study investigated the effectiveness of a multiyear geriatric interdisciplinary team training (ITT) program conducted by a geriatric education center in cooperation with three large health care systems. Approximately 40 half-day training sessions were planned and implemented by the university-community partnership. The training sessions included core content on team processes and substantive clinical material on geriatric concerns and disease states (dementia, diabetes, etc.). Statistical analyses revealed that a critical amount of training is necessary to induce positive changes in team skills and attitudes about geriatric health care teams. Results also indicated that maturity, practical experience, and some previous formal training in geriatrics or gerontology are predisposing factors contributing to the effectiveness of geriatric ITT. Because resources to implement these kinds of comprehensive training programs are often limited, more focused educational interventions are advisable.
Interspecific and Inter‐site Variation in Wood Specific Gravity of Tropical Trees

ABSTRACT Variation in climate and soils results in inter-site differences in the assemblages of tree life history strategies within a community, which has important implications for ecosystem structure and dynamics. I investigated interspecific and inter-site variation in wood specific gravity—an easily measured indicator of tree life history strategy—in four Neotropical forests and analyzed its correlates. Mean wood specific gravity (oven-dry weight divided by fresh volume, sometimes also referred to as wood density in the literature) differed significantly among sites, varying inversely with soil fertility and independently of rainfall, seasonality, and temperature. Mean wood specific gravity values were much higher at Kilometer 41, Manaus, Brazil, where soils are extremely poor, than at Cocha Cashu, Peru, Barro Colorado Island, Panama, or La Selva, Costa Rica, where soils are better and mortality rates of trees are higher. Within sites, wood specific gravity varied widely among species. On Barro Colora...
General-purpose LSM learning processor architecture and theoretically guided design space exploration

This paper presents a general-purpose liquid state machine based neuromorphic learning processor with integrated training and recognition for real world pattern recognition problems. The proposed architecture consists of a generic preprocessor and one or multiple task processors. The pre-processor, or the reservoir, consists of a recurrent spiking neural network with fixed synaptic weights. Task processors are light weight and comprise a set of readout spiking neurons with plastic weights, which are tuned by a biologically plausible supervised learning rule. Importantly, we leverage the unique computational structure of the reservoir for highly efficient implementation of multiple tasks on the same learning processor. A novel theoretical measure of computational power, which is strongly correlated with the true learning performance, is proposed to facilitate fast design space exploration of the recurrent reservoir. We demonstrate the application of our processor architecture by mapping four recognition tasks onto a reconfigurable FPGA processor platform.
Association of Serum Sex Hormones with Hemostatic Factors in Women On and Off Hormone Therapy: The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background: Hormone therapy (HT) is associated with increased risk of both venous and arterial thrombosis, which are multifactorial in origin. Objectives: Our objectives were twofold: first, we sought to examine associations between endogenous serum sex hormone levels and biomarkers of thrombosis and/or coagulation in postmenopausal hormone nonusers. Second, we separately studied the associations between serum sex hormone levels and biomarkers of thrombosis and/or coagulation in postmenopausal hormone users considering the fact that pattern of circulating hormones is different in women taking exogenous hormones. Patients/Methods: We performed a cross-sectional analysis of postmenopausal women enrolled in a large multiethnic community-based cohort study, The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. We hypothesized that higher levels of estrogen-related sex hormones would be associated with biomarkers of thrombosis, suggesting mechanisms for differences in thrombotic risk from HT. Women (n = 2878) wer...
Sources of UV-A

The intent of this chapter is to review solar ultraviolet radiation and the major environmental, research, and phototherapy sources of ultraviolet radiation in use today, with particular emphasis on sources of UV-A.
The spectrum of heat related injury with compartment syndrome.

Heat injury, exertional rhabdomyolysis, and anterior compartment syndrome are all conditions seen in strenuously exercising populations. We report four cases of acute heat injury followed by significant but varying degrees of focal tissue ischemia with rhabdomyolysis. One patient died and all survivors experienced a significant deficit in function. We feel that meticulous attention given to preventive measures may reduce the incidence of this catastrophic event. Language: en
Capitalism and Politics in the Progressive Era and in Ours

A little over thirty years ago at the invitation of Stanley Kutler at Reviews in American History, I spent a summer trying to puzzle through the historiography surrounding Progressive Era society and politics. “In Search of Progressivism” the result was titled, and it has had a much longer life than most historiographical pieces of that sort do. Many excellent historiographical treatments of the Progressive Era have been published since that essay's appearance in 1982, along with a huge amount of historical writing. The field has burgeoned in ways that were barely visible thirty years ago. And yet the essay endures, and from time to time I think of revisiting and revising it.
Perinatal Consequences of Hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a specific causative agent of what was formerly known as "non-A, non-B hepatitis." Once thought to be a disease of little significance, HCV now is recognized as the most common cause of posttransfusion and chronic viral hepatitis in the Western world and ranks only slightl
Critical thickness for the two-dimensional electron gas in LaTiO 3 /SrTiO 3 superlattices

Transport dimensionality of Ti $d$ electrons in (LaTiO${}_{3}$)${}_{1}$/(SrTiO${}_{3}$)${}_{N}$ superlattices has been investigated using density functional theory with local spin-density approximation + $U$ method. Different spatial distribution patterns have been found between Ti ${t}_{2g}$ orbital electrons. The ${d}_{xy}$ orbital electrons are highly localized near interfaces due to the potentials by positively charged LaO layers, while the degenerate ${d}_{yz}$ and ${d}_{xz}$ orbital electrons are more distributed inside SrTiO${}_{3}$ insulators. For $N$ \ensuremath{\ge} 3 unit cells (u.c.), the Ti ${d}_{xy}$ densities of state exhibit the staircaselike increments, which appear at the same energy levels as the ${d}_{xy}$ flat bands along the \ensuremath{\Gamma}-$Z$ direction in band structures. The ${k}_{z}$-independent discrete energy levels indicate that the electrons in ${d}_{xy}$ flat bands are two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) which can transport along interfaces, but they cannot transport perpendicularly to interfaces due to the confinements in the potential wells by LaO layers. Unlike the ${d}_{xy}$ orbital electrons, the ${d}_{yz}$ and ${d}_{xz}$ orbital electrons have three-dimensional (3D) transport characteristics, regardless of SrTiO${}_{3}$ thicknesses. The 2DEG formation by ${d}_{xy}$ orbital electrons, when $N$ \ensuremath{\ge} 3 u.c., indicates the existence of critical SrTiO${}_{3}$ thickness where the electron transport dimensionality starts to change from 3D to 2D in (LaTiO${}_{3}$)${}_{1}$/(SrTiO${}_{3}$)${}_{N}$ superlattices.
Multiple Antigenic Determinants on Macroglobulins.

SummaryWhen a rabbit antiserum to human macroglobulin was reacted with human sera by immunoelectrophoresis, several distinct macroglobulin precipitin lines were revealed. Internal to the major beta-2M line all sera showed a second, and some a third, line. A fourth macroglobulin line appeared opposite the serum source in most sera examined. The major macroglobulin line was forked at its anodal end in some sera. The major macroglobulin line had a single curvature when produced by the rabbit antiserum used in most of these experiments, but had a double curvature when produced by a horse antiserum. These findings could be due to multiple antigenic sites on macroglobulins of a single molecular species, or to antigenically distinct macroglobulin molecules.
Glucocorticoid regulation of splanchnic glutamine, alanine, glutamate, ammonia, and glutathione fluxes

Interorgan glutamine and associated metabolite fluxes were measured across the gut and liver to delineate splanchnic bed fluxes secondary to enhanced arterial loads mobilized in the periphery by glucocorticoid. Experiments were performed on adrenalectomized rats since adrenalectomy doubled the hepatic glucocorticoid receptor population compared with intact animals. Under these conditions, triamcinolone supplement (40 micrograms.day-1.100 g body wt-1) enhanced the combined net glutamine uptake by gut and liver eightfold, whereas combined gut and liver unidirectional breakdown and synthesis fluxes both increased (3.4- and 7.4-fold, respectively). Triamcinolone supplement also altered the pattern of metabolite released; gut released predominantly ammonium and some alanine, whereas the liver removed more alanine along with glutamine and released more urea, glutamate, and glutathione. Mechanistically, enhanced cellular glutamine uptake could be attributed to a three- to fourfold acceleration of glutamine transport associated with a rise in intracellular glutamine content. However, uptake by isolated membrane vesicles revealed only a small (27%) increase in System N activity, whereas extraction and reconstitution of the transporter into proteoliposomes failed to demonstrate increased transporter activity. Similarly, activity of phosphate-dependent glutaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase increased in crude homogenates (2-fold), but the former disappears in completely disrupted preparations. Furthermore, whereas messenger RNA and assayable enzymic activity for glutamate dehydrogenase clearly increased with glucocorticoid, glutaminase message was less significantly increased. Thus glucocorticoid appears directly capable of accelerating hepatic glutamine extraction primarily by modulating transporter activity that is closely coupled to glutamine utilization.
Temporal Relations in Bakweri Oral Narratives

Perhaps one of the most perplexing problems encountered in the construction of symbolic systems which purport to represent the real world in any way is how to represent time or, more accurately, the relations in time between events. But one can turn to any language one might have handy and find there readymade a coherent representation of the temporal relations between events. However, there is not any necessary agreement in how different languages describe the perception of time nor are the descriptions even simple. As Whorf (1939) has lucidly argued, turning from one's own language to another will, at first, reveal a bewildering difference in how time is perceived or talked about by the speakers of that language.
High Expression of NEK2 Induces Drug Resistance by Inhibiting Premature Senescence Through Activation of the PI3K/Akt Pathway in Myeloma and Other Cancers,

Abstract Abstract 3923 Background: Autologous transplantation in combination with the newer drugs has significantly prolonged survival of patients with myeloma (MM). However, the majority of patients still relapses. Our previous study has shown that NEK2, a chromosomal instability (CIN) gene, is up-regulated in many types of cancer cells and is highly related to drug resistance. Recently, premature senescence has been determined to be an indicator of the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. In this study, we investigate the correlation between the inhibition of premature senescence and NEK2 induced drug resistance. Materials and Methods: Four MM cell lines (Δ47, KMS28PE, ARP1 and U266) and 2 other cancer cell lines (MCF7, H1299) over- and under-expressing NEK2 using a lentiviral delivery system were studied. NEK2 induced drug resistance was evaluated by colonogenic and standard apoptotic assays. The phenotypic changes of premature senescence were determined by using SA β-galactosidase (SA β-gal) staining. The mechanisms of NEK2-induced anti-senescence activity were studied in vitro and in the 5TGM1 murine MM mouse model. Results: Over-expression of NEK2 stimulated cancer cells into increased S and G2/M phase, resulting in polyploidy. All NEK2 over-expressing cancer cells were able to override doxorubicin-induced premature senescence and to maintain their proliferative potential. Mechanistic studies revealed that NEK2 activated the PI3K/Akt pathway. This was confirmed by the use of a specific PI3K/Akt inhibitor, KP372-1, which abrogated NEK2-induced drug resistance by decreasing clonogenicity of NEK2 over-expressing cells and by decreasing tumor burden and extending mouse survival in the 5TGM1 myeloma mouse model even better than bortezomib. In contrast, knockdown NEK2 by shRNA also induced premature senescence. We determined that NEK2 activates PI3K/Akt pathway by directly interacting with pp1. And the Akt down-stream targets GSK-3, MDM2, NF-kB and the tumor suppressor genes p53, p21, p27, the pro-apoptotic and pro-survival genes of the Bcl-2 family as well as the ABC transporters that related to drug resistance were identified to contribute to the inhibition of premature senescence resulting in drug resistance. Conclusion: NEK2 inhibits doxorubicin-induced premature senescence, resulting in increased drug resistance by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. Alternatively, down regulation of NEK2 by shRNA inhibits cell proliferation and decreases drug resistance. Thus, targeting PI3K/Akt pathway should eliminate NEK2 induced drug resistance by re-establishing drug-induced premature senescence. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Injection molding of ceramic materials

The advent of single or multiple oxide ceramic compositions wholly lacking in clay, and hence in plasticity, has necessitated the development of new forming techniques. One such technique employs organic, thermo-plastic resins for the development of plasticity and bond.
Leaving on a Jet Plane: Polarization, Foreign Travel, and Comity in Congress

No political observer, politician, or political scientist doubts that party polarization has weakened the social fabric of Congress. Measuring that effect, however, is exceedingly difficult. In this article, we operationalize the congressional social fabric by examining the foreign travel behavior of members of Congress over time. We evaluate the social disintegration in Congress by examining if and whether changes in member travel can explain why the social connectedness of members has waned. Using a unique dataset of foreign travel for House members from 1977 to 2012, we find that Republican House members, in particular, have altered their foreign travel patterns. Ideologically extreme members have always been less likely to take foreign trips, but extremely conservative Republican have become much more likely to travel only with co-partisans as polarization has increased in Congress. Ideologically moderate Republicans, while still traveling as members of bipartisan delegations, have also increased thei...
The Sino-Indian War of 1962: New Perspectives

Amit Das Gupta and Lorenz Luthi have assembled a welcome collection of new research on the understudied 1962 conflict between India and the People’s Republic of China over territory on their disput...
Consideration of Cyber-Physical Interdependencies in Reliability Modeling of Smart Grids

A smart grid is a cyber-physical system designed to achieve sustainability by facilitating the use of renewable energy sources, without compromising the reliability of power distribution and transmission. The research presented in this paper seeks to facilitate analysis of the reliability achieved by smart grids. To this end, we present an analytical reliability model that captures the effect of impairments originating from both physical and cyber components, as well as the effect of cyber-physical interdependencies among these components. The model can be instantiated with failure data from field use or simulation. We categorize and quantify dependencies in the smart grid and analyze the impact on reliability of introducing additional interdependencies. Finally, we present a case study that investigates the effect of physical and cyber improvements on overall reliability of the smart grid, and demonstrate that flawed cyber infrastructure can result in reliability lower than that of a conventional power grid with less advanced control.
ADS-B vulnerabilities and a security solution with a timestamp

Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) is the foundation of NextGen Air Traffic Control (ATC) system, and all aircraft must be equipped with it by January 1, 2020. Despite the importance of ADS-B, it has been developed without security considerations and is subject to various types of attacks. A trustworthy ADS-B system will make the NextGen system more reliable and make air transportation safer. But current safety measures are inadequate and many research proposals are not yet practical or cost-effective. We developed a practical method that can reject virtually all spoofed ADS-B messages by monitoring the signal propagation time between senders and receivers. To measure the actual propagation time, the method uses a small timestamp value; hence, we call it "ADS-B with Timestamp" (ADS-BT). ADS-BT monitors the discrepancy between the time of flight based on the timestamp values and the time of flight based on the location data. In spoofed ADSB messages, the discrepancy between the two diverges over time, which allows us to identify spoofed ADS-B messages accurately.
Personality and psychopathy: Shared behavioral and biological traits.

Evolutionary psychologists might regard the psychopathic personality as the preservation of an adaptive type in the evolutionary history of our species. The “selfish gene” (Dawkins, 1989) may characterize the narcissistic, egocentric psychopath. When the psychopath in the novel “One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest” (Kesey, 1964) is asked by a psychiatrist what he thinks the diagnosis of psychopathic personality means, he replies: “Fighting and fucking.” Aggressiveness and promiscuity are certainly traits which could be a biological advantage in the promulgation of one’s genes. Even today, however, small tribal groups regulate sexual and aggressive expressions, and individuals who transgress the mores of the particular group may be executed or expelled from the group, and this could amount to a death sentence in a hostile environment.
Aggressive Fibromatosis in Children

Aggressive fibromatosis (AF) is a rare soft tissue tumor and rare in childhood with high potential for local invasiveness and recurrence. Primary surgery with negative margins is the most successful primary treatment modality for children with AF. Positive resection margins after surgery indicate a high risk for relapse. Multicenter prospective (randomized) trials are necessary to clarify the role of and best strategy for treatment in pediatric AF after incomplete surgery. For this purpose, ▶ chemotherapy or alternatively radiotherapy can be considered, each with its own potential side effects in consequence.
Utilizing Diselenide Precursors toward Rationally Controlled Synthesis of Metastable CuInSe2 Nanocrystals

Within the past decade, there has been an emergence of reports regarding the synthetic isolation of multinary metal chalcogenide nanocrystals that persist under ambient conditions with metastable c...
Perceptions about the federally mandated smoke-free housing policy among residents living in public housing in New York city

Background: To assess residents’ attitudes towards the United States (U.S.) Department of Housing and Urban Development’s new smoke-free public housing policy, perceptions about barriers to policy implementation, and suggestions for optimizing implementation. Methods: In 2017, we conducted 10 focus groups among 91 residents (smokers and nonsmokers) living in New York City public housing. Results: Smokers and nonsmokers expressed skepticism about the public housing authority’s capacity to enforce the policy due to widespread violations of the current smoke-free policy in common areas and pervasive use of marijuana in buildings. Most believed that resident engagement in the roll-out and providing smoking cessation services was important for compliance. Resident expressed concerns about evictions and worried that other building priorities (i.e., repairs, drug use) would be ignored with the focus now on smoke-free housing. Conclusions: Resident-endorsed strategies to optimize implementation effectiveness include improving the access to cessation services, ongoing resident engagement, education and communication to address misconceptions and concerns about enforcement, and placing smoke-free homes in a larger public housing authority healthy housing agenda.
Does length of ride, gender, or nationality affect willingness to ride in a driverless ambulance?

Due to the frequent lack of ambulances and personnel, the purpose of this study was to examine consumers’ willingness to ride in an ambulance that was either driven by a human driver or completely ...
Proceedings of the first international workshop on Mobile sensing, computing and communication

On behalf of the Organizing Committees, it is our pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 ACM International Workshop on Mobile Sensing, Computing and Communication - MSCC'14. This workshop is held in conjunction with ACM MobiHoc 2014, Philadelphia, PA, USA, in August 2014. All submissions to this workshop were carefully peer-reviewed by at least two Program Committee members or external reviewers. The submissions have been ranked according to their original contribution, quality, presentation, and relevance to the workshop. Based on the review, six high quality papers were accepted for presentation and inclusion in the proceedings. We aim to attract and bring together researchers working on cloud computing, mobile computing and resource management to share their latest research results. In addition to regular paper presentations, the workshop also features one Invited Keynote Speech delivered by Peng-Jun Wan, Professor from Illinois Institute of Technology.
(Invited) Molecular Scale Modeling of Structure, Transport and Electrochemistry of Aqueous and Non-Aqueous Electrolytes

A molecular scale insight into ion transport and decomposition is important for understanding deficiencies of the currently used aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. In this presentation I will summarize progress made towards improving molecular scale understanding of the structure and electrochemistry for a wide range of aqueous and non-aqueous electrolytes. Because no one simulation technique is capable of efficiently capturing all transport and electrochemical properties at interfaces, we will utilize a combination of multiple modeling methods: a) density functional theory (DFT) studies of the solvent reactions on cathode surfaces and at the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) covering lithium metal; b) representative quantum chemistry (QC) calculations performed on the representative small model electrolyte clusters to estimate oxidation and reduction; c) molecular dynamics (MD) using APPLEP d) new generation of the force fields for accurately capturing electrolyte transport properties and transference number. Combined together information from these modeling scales suggests numerous strategies for stabilizing the electrolyte – electrode interfaces for numerous aggressive high energy density cathodes combined coupled with graphite and metal anodes.
Student absenteeism and ecological agency

The purpose of this article is to address student absenteeism through the theoretical lens of ecological agency and to encourage the use of ecological agency in a school setting to address student ...
Turnover events of animal caretakers and its impact on productivity in swine farms.

Abstract Attracting and retaining quality animal caretaking personnel is one of most pressing issues the US swine industry currently faces. On-farm employee turnover can be costly and have an impact on productivity. The primary objectives of this study were to describe the amount of animal caretaker turnover events that occurred in a single year in eleven swine farms, and to investigate associations between employee turnover events and two subsequent production parameters of interest: number of pigs weaned per sow (PWS) and pre-weaning mortality (PWM). A retrospective cohort study was conducted with eleven commercial farrow-to-wean swine farms belonging to two vertically integrated multi-site production systems within two swine production companies. Human resources and production data for the year of 2019 were obtained monthly from each farm. The primary predictor of interest was the occurrence of an employee turnover event, defined as ‘voluntary’ (employee decided to leave or quit) or ‘involuntary’ (employee was terminated by company decision). The primary outcomes of interest included the monthly average PWS and PWM. These associations were assessed with 1-, 2-, 3-, and 6-months between the turnover events and the outcome. Linear mixed effects models were fit in STATA 15, with system and farm included as random effects. To account for temporal and seasonal trends of production, season and the monthly production were included in the models. There were a total of 152 turnover events, with 4 and 148 turnover events in systems 1 and 2, respectively. The average turnover, calculated as a percent of total turnover among full time employee positions, was 92 % (SD = 62 %; Range = 8–217 %). Improved production efficiency in both monthly PWS (p = 0.01) and PWM (p = 0.02) was observed with the occurrence of an involuntary turnover event two months prior, after controlling for season, previous month production, farm, and system. For the PWS outcome, there was a significant interaction between an involuntary turnover event two months prior and monthly county-level unemployment rate (p = 0.02), indicative of the improved performance being most profound at the lowest levels of unemployment rate and diminishing at the highest levels. Turnover of animal caretaking personnel in farrow-to-wean farms was confirmed to be highly variable and high for the majority of farms in this study. Furthermore, animal caretaker turnover was associated with subsequent trends of production efficiency, warranting closer consideration of prioritizing managerial efforts in worker recruitment, training and retention.
Interneuron Dysfunction and Inhibitory Deficits in Autism and Fragile X Syndrome.

The alteration of excitatory–inhibitory (E–I) balance has been implicated in various neurological and psychiatric diseases, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a single-gene disorder that is the most common known cause of ASD. Understanding the molecular and physiological features of FXS is thought to enhance our knowledge of the pathophysiology of ASD. Accumulated evidence implicates deficits in the inhibitory circuits in FXS that tips E–I balance toward excitation. Deficits in interneurons, the main source of an inhibitory neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), have been reported in FXS, including a reduced number of cells, reduction in intrinsic cellular excitability, or weaker synaptic connectivity. Manipulating the interneuron activity ameliorated the symptoms in the FXS mouse model, which makes it reasonable to conceptualize FXS as an interneuronopathy. While it is still poorly understood how the developmental profiles of the inhibitory circuit go awry in FXS, recent works have uncovered several developmental alterations in the functional properties of interneurons. Correcting disrupted E–I balance by potentiating the inhibitory circuit by targeting interneurons may have a therapeutic potential in FXS. I will review the recent evidence about the inhibitory alterations and interneuron dysfunction in ASD and FXS and will discuss the future directions of this field.
Assessing parents' motives for talking about alcohol with their emerging adult children.

Abstract Past research has explored the content and frequency of alcohol-specific communication between parents and their emerging adult children. The current study aimed to address a gap in the research by examining parents' motivation for discussing alcohol. To accomplish this, we developed a multidimensional Parent Motives for Alcohol Communication Scale (PMACS). A total of 633 parents completed the PMACS along with measures assessing communication frequency, communication content, attitudes toward drinking, relationship quality, and perceptions of child alcohol use. An Exploratory Factor Analysis yielded five core communication motives. Parents were commonly motivated by desires to prevent their child’s alcohol use, to respond to their child’s heavy drinking, to teach their child how to drink safely, to meet relationship needs or expectations, and by a family history of alcohol problems. After controlling for demographic factors, communication motives predicted frequency of alcohol-specific communication. The patterns of relationship among motives and conceptually related constructs provided preliminary support for the construct validity of the PMACS.
The Impact of Aluminum and Iron Substitution on the Structure and Electrochemistry of Li[Ni0.4Co0.2-yMyMn0.4]O2 Materials

Li[Ni0.4Co0.2-yMyMn0.4]O2 (0<_y<_0.2) (M=Al) and Li[Ni0.4Co0.15Fe0.05Mn0.4]O2 compounds were prepared in order to investigate the effect of replacement of all or part of the cobalt on the structural and electrochemical properties. The impact of substitution on the structure has been examined by both x-ray and neutron diffraction experiments. The incorporation of aluminum has minimal effect on the anti-site defect concentration, but leads to structural changes that affect electrochemical performance. The most important effect is an opening of the lithium slab dimension upon substitution, which results in improved rate performance compared to the parent compound. In contrast, the lithium slab dimension is not affected by iron substitution and no rate enhancement effect is observed. The cycling stability of aluminum containing materials is superior to both the parent material and iron-substituted materials.
Phantom earthquakes and triggered aseismic creep: Vertical partitioning of strain during earthquake sequences in Iran

[1] We present evidence for significant aseismic fault slip at shallow depth above a pair of mainshock-aftershock sequences in the Zagros Mountains of Iran. The two Mw 5.9 earthquakes are each spanned by high-quality geodetic imagery and have well-recorded sequences of aftershocks that occurred beneath a salt decollement. Earlier studies of the geodetic data inferred that the mainshocks were located above the decollement, requiring a ~10 km spatial separation between aftershock cluster and earthquake centroid. We find that the geodetic data simultaneously allow two slip sources of similar magnitude: one within the basement, collocated with aftershocks, and one shallow source (also equivalent to Mw 6) responsible for the primary signal apparent in the geodetic imagery. Should this phenomenon be widespread in the Zagros, it would partially explain a previously noted discrepancy between observed seismic moment release in the Zagros and current convergence rates between the Arabian and Eurasian plates.
BISMUTH IN STONY METEORITES AND STANDARD ROCKS.

Abstract Bismuth has been determined by alpha counting of the 210Po daughter activity of the 210Bi formed by thermal neutron activation. Results are presented for thirty chondrites, six achondrites, eight separated meteoritic phases, and six U.S. Geological Survey standard rocks. There is no resolvable difference in Bi abundances among the different groups of ordinary chondrites. Bismuth concentration decreases with increasing petrologic grade among the ordinary chondrites. The enstatite chondrites are separable into two groups on the basis of Bi data.
TARGETED MEDICAL SPRAYS STIMULATING THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS

There is an enormous diversity in the number and uses of sprays in the medical community from disinfectant strategies, drying and coating technologies, as well as target delivery of therapeutic agents to the human body. The number and range of strategies for forming these sprays is almost as varied, but in every application the droplet size and velocity distributions, impact dynamics, and hydrodynamic environment contribute immensely to achieving the specific performance parameters. As a result, therapeutic sprays have had difficulty fully achieving the envisioned potential. The following review article will reflect specifically on medical sprays for drug delivery to specific organs (i.e., lung, nasal, ocular and skin) to review the current state of capabilities, but also comment on specific gaps in ability and knowledge. Our objective is to stimulate a discussion within the spray community that will result in heightened interest directed towards improved performance and efficacy.
Resolution of Paroxysmal Hemicrania After Resection of Intracranial Meningioma

Paroxysmal hemicrania is a trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia first described in 1976, characterized by episodic attacks of excruciating unilateral periorbital and temporal stabbing, pulsatile, craw-like, or boring headaches lasting 2 - 30 minutes, accompanied by autonomic features, and alleviated by indomethacin. Paroxysmal hemicrania is divided into an episodic or chronic form, depending on the duration and frequency of the attacks. We describe a case of paroxysmal hemicrania in a patient with a contralateral anterior clinoid meningioma, which resolved after tumor resection. Most cases of autonomic cephalgias are primary headaches and not caused by underlying intracranial structural lesions. Based on our patient and a literature review of secondary causes of trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, we recommend that all patients with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias including paroxysmal hemicrania undergo neuroimaging studies. The preferred neuro-radiologic procedure should be a cranial MRI to exclude underlying structural intracranial lesions, particularly in the sellar and parasellar regions.
Withdrawal syndrome follows abrupt cessation of intracerebroventricular infusion of epinephrine in spontaneously hypertensive rats

Abstract Aortic blood pressure and heart rate were measured directly during chronic (5-day) intracerebroventricular infusion of epinephrine in conscious, unrestrained spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and following abrupt cessation of drug infusion. During the infusion period, no statistically significant differences in mean aortic pressures were observed between SHR that received vehicle and those which received epinephrine at 1.25, 2.5, or 5.0 μg (base) per hour for 5 days via osmotic minipumps. A significant reduction in heart rate was noted during some, but not all, days of the epinephrine infusion period; the onset of bradycardia appeared to be dose-related. Immediately following abrupt cessation of epinephrine (but not vehicle) infusion, a complex withdrawal syndrome was observed to include: a significant and sustained elevation of aortic blood pressure, tachycardia, increased water consumption, and several distinct behavioral effects. The reaction appeared maximal at about 2 hours, and lasted less than 24 hours.
Adaptive filtering for air-to-ground surveillance

This paper introduces a new concept for air-to-ground noise radar based on adaptive filtering. A transmitting antenna illuminates a region of interest with a continuous, noise waveform. The processor within the receiver treats the illuminated scene as a linear system with unknown coefficients which filters the transmitted signal. Given access to the transmitted waveform and the digitized backscattered signal, the receiver adaptively estimates the unknown filter coefficients, using the same processing architecture as a wireless channel equalizer, and continues to update their values as the transmitter and receiver traverse their flight paths. The adapted filters correspond to range profiles of the illuminated scene which may be Doppler processed to yield synthetic aperture imagery.
Brain imaging registry for neurologic diagnosis and research

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of building a brain imaging registry (BIR) on top of existing medical information systems including Picture Archiving Communication Systems (PACS) environment. We describe the design framework for a cluster of data marts whose purpose is to provide clinicians and researchers efficient access to a large volume of raw and processed patient images and associated data originating from multiple operational systems over time and spread out across different hospital departments and laboratories. The framework is designed using object-oriented analysis and design methodology. The BIR data marts each contain complete image and textual data relating to patients with a particular disease.
The complement of a codimension-k immersion

In [1] Marc Feighn proves the following result: a proper, C2, codimension-1 immersion in a manifold with no first homology separates the ambient space. In [4] Michelangelo Vaccaro proves a related result: the C1-immersed image of a compact n-manifold with image a (curved) polyhedron has non-zero Hn with ℤ2 coefficients. (In Vaccaro's terminology f(M) is a curved polyhedron if f is smooth and f(M) is the (non-PL) embedded image of a simplicial complex.) Using ideas similar to Feighn's we prove here the following result.
Regional Low-Flow Perfusion Versus Circulatory Arrest in Neonates: One-Year Neurodevelopmental Outcome

Background Regional low-flow perfusion of the brain is a bypass technique commonly used during stage 1 reconstruction in neonates with hypoplastic left heart syndrome and related variants. The neurodevelopmental outcome of these children is unknown. Methods Twenty-nine infants (22 boys, 7 girls) with hypoplastic left heart syndrome or variant requiring single ventricle palliation and aortic arch reconstruction were studied between 1999 and 2004. Mental Developmental Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index were assessed using Bayley Scales of Infant Development and correlated with intraoperative and perioperative variables. Results are reported as mean ± standard deviation. Results Average age at stage 1 operation and at bidirectional Glenn was 7 ± 8 days and 6.0 ± 2 months, respectively. The MDI was in the low average range (87.7 ± 13.2). The Psychomotor Developmental Index was in the mildly delayed range (75.2 ± 14.5). Regional low-flow perfusion was used in 31% (9 of 29 patients), with an average circulatory arrest time of 23.5 ± 13.4 minutes. Deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest was used as the primary operative strategy in 69% of patients (20 of 29 patients), with an average circulatory arrest time of 44.3 ± 15.3 minutes ( p = 0.003). No differences in MDI or Psychomotor Developmental Index scores were observed between the regional low-flow perfusion and non–regional low-flow perfusion groups (MDI, 88.0 ± 12.1 versus 87.6 ± 14.0; p = 0.93, respectively; Psychomotor Developmental Index, 75.5 ± 15.1 versus 75.0 ± 14.6; p = 0.93, respectively). Lowest operative temperature ( 3) significantly related to MDI (89.6 versus 72.8; p = 0.047). Conclusions At 1 year of age, neurodevelopmental outcomes of patients undergoing stage 1 using regional low-flow perfusion were similar to outcomes observed in children exposed to circulatory arrest. The association of birth order and MDI suggests that early intervention may benefit these patients.
Spatial Aggregation of Apple Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae, Stigmaeidae, Tetranychidae) as Measured by a Binomial Model: Effects of Life Stage, Reproduction, Competition, and Predation

A binomial model was used to describe aggregation for 8 mite species that were collected from an experimental apple orchard in 1990–1995. They included the plant-feeding spider mites Tetranychus urticae Koch (combined with Eotetranychus sp.), Panonychus ulmi (Koch), and Bnyobia rubrioculus (Scheuten); the stigmaeid predator Zetzellia mali (Ewing); and the phytoseiid predators Amblyseius andersoni Chant, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt), and Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten. Aggregation was compared among all species, among life stages, and for each species as its density changed yearly. We found that predators were less aggregated than spider mites, and older life stages were less aggregated than younger ones. Tetranychus urticae + Eotetranychus sp., P. ulmi , and Z. mali were more clumped when their densities were low. Aggregation of T. pyri was related to the aggregation and densities of P. ulmi and Z. mali . Explanations for observed spatial patterns are suggested based on movement, reproduction, competition, predation, and behavioral traits of each species.
Modifications of the Minirhizotron Video Camera System for Measuring Spatial and Temporal Root Dynamics

Current video cameras used to measure in situ root activities lack essential registration and identification components for repeated accurate measurements. This report describes a rapid, inexpensive and completely portable approach for controlling and identifying camera position when making repeated video recordings from minirhizotrons in large field experiments. These registration handle and microcomputer additions to an agricultural microvideo color camera provide new opportunities for measuring root and nodule development. Preliminary measurements indicated that corn roots appeared and disappeared to depths of 75 cm for different N treatments 86 to 99 d after planting. Additionally, root development, maturation, and death can be observed in situ throughout the root profile. These modifications offer a uniform method for comparing root turnover rates and other specific dynamics of the rhizosphere at 1.2-cm intervals in contrasting soil and climatic conditions. MSU Agric. Exp. Stn. J. Article no. 12696, financially supported by federal grants 83-CRSR-2-2311 and BSR 8517985.
Turbulent Heat Transport in a Perturbed Channel Flow

The recovering boundary layer downstream of a separation bubble is known to have a highly perturbed turbulence structure which creates difficulty for turbulence models. The present experiment addressed the effect of this perturbed structure on turbulent heat transport. The turbulent diffusion of heat downstream of a heated wire was measured in a perturbed channel flow and compared to that in a simple, fully developed channel flow
Dental reduction in post‐pleistocene Nubia

Tooth size changes among Nubian archaeological populations dating from the Mesolithic through the Christian era, a period of approximately 12,000 years, are analyzed. Standard length and breadth dimensions of all permanent teeth from several cultural horizons are combined to form three large samples: Mesolithic, 10000-70000 B.C.; Agriculturalist, 3300-1100 B.C. (A-group, C-group, Pharaonic); and Intensive Agriculturalist, A.D. 0-1400 (Meroitic, X-Group, Christian). Such information not only fills a void in the knowledge of Nubian skeletal biology, but also provides a much needed African reference point for the comparison of tooth size data among anatomically modern Homo sapiens from various regions of the world. Changes in mean tooth size and associated t-tests reveal strong and significant reduction in dental size between the Mesolithic and Agriculturalist samples, followed by a continued although diminished trend of reduction for only the molar teeth between the two Agriculturalist groups. These patterns are best observed by examining tooth breadths, which are considered as the most reliable indicator of tooth size. Previously published odontometrics of the Nubian Mesolithic are briefly compared to the findings of this diachronic analysis of Nubian dental change.
Geometric Separation of Singularities Using Combined Multiscale Dictionaries

Several empirical results appeared in the literature during the last decade have shown that it is often possible to separate images and other multidimensional data into geometrically distinct constituents. A rigorous mathematical analysis of the geometric separation problem in the two-dimensional setting was recently introduced by Donoho and Kutyniok (Comm Pure Appl Math 66:1–47, 2013), who proposed a mathematical framework to separate point and smooth curve singularities in 2D images using a combined dictionary consisting of curvelets and wavelets. In this paper, we adapt their approach and introduce a novel argument to extend geometric separation to the three-dimensional setting. We show that it is possible to separate point and piecewise linear singularities in 3D using a combined dictionary consisting of shearlets and wavelets. Our new approach takes advantage of the microlocal properties of the shearlet transform and has the ability to handle singularities containing vertices and corner points, which cannot be handled using the original arguments.
Seasonal modeling of regional ozone pollution in the eastern United States

In this study, we report on the results from a comprehensive model simulation of regional ozone (O3) throughout a season in the eastern United States. The model is shown to perform better in terms of simulating seasonal, rather than episodic, characteristics of the regional surface O3 distribution. This finding suggests that it may be more appropriate to use models of this type to assess seasonal O3 patterns rather than following the current paradigm of developing regional control strategies based on event-specific simulations.