cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative structural markers of colorectal dysplasia in a cross sectional study of ex vivo murine tissue using label-free multiphoton microscopy

Two-photon excitation of label-free tissue is of increasing interest, as advances have been made in endoscopic clinical application of multiphoton microscopy, such as second harmonic generation (SHG) scanning endoscopy used to monitor cervical collagen in mice1. We used C57BL mice as a model to investigate the progression of gastrointestinal structures, specifically glandular area and circularity. We used multiphoton microscopy to image ex-vivo label-free murine colon, focusing on the collagen structure changes over time, in mice ranging from 10 to 20 weeks of age. Series of images were acquired within the colonic and intestinal tissue at depth intervals of 20 microns from muscularis to the epithelium, up to a maximum depth of 180 microns. The imaging system comprised a two-photon laser tuned to 800nm wavelength excitation, and the SHG emission was filtered with a 400/40 bandpass filter before reaching the photomultiplier tube. Images were acquired at 15 frames per second, for 200 to 300 cumulative frames, with a field of view of 261um by 261um, and 40mW at sample. Image series were compared to histopathology H&E slides taken from adjacent locations. Quantitative metrics for determining differences between murine glandular structures were applied, specifically glandular area and circularity.
A Thermophotovoltaic System Using a Photonic Crystal Emitter

The increasing power demands of portable electronics and micro robotics has driven recent interest in millimeter-scale microgenerators. Many technologies (fuel cells, Stirling, thermoelectric, etc.) that potentially enable a portable hydrocarbon microgenerator are under active investigation. Hydrocarbon fuels have specific energies fifty times those of batteries, thus even a relatively inefficient generator can exceed the specific energy of batteries. We proposed, designed, and demonstrated a first-of-a-kind millimeter-scale thermophotovoltaic (TPV) system with a photonic crystal emitter. In a TPV system, combustion heats an emitter to incandescence and the resulting thermal radiation is converted to electricity by photovoltaic cells. Our approach uses a moderate temperature (1000–1200°C) metallic microburner coupled to a high emissivity, high selectivity photonic crystal selective emitter and low bandgap PV cells. This approach is predicted to be capable of up to 30% efficient fuel-to-electricity conversion within a millimeter-scale form factor. We have performed a robust experimental demonstration that validates the theoretical framework and the key system components, and present our results in the context of a TPV microgenerator. Although considerable technological barriers need to be overcome to realize a TPV microgenerator, we predict that 700–900 Wh/kg is possible with the current technology.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
Polynomial Calculus with D-Like Operators

(1975). Polynomial Calculus with D-Like Operators. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 730-737.
Analyses of Archaeological Ceramics From Classic Period Teotihuacan, Mexico, A.D. 150-750

From ca. A.D. 150-750 Classic period civilization in Central Mexico was dominated by the city-state of Teotihuacan, a metropolis of at least 125,000 inhabitants located in a northeastern valley of the Basin of Mexico. This polity exercised economic and religious control over a wide area, regulated obsidian tool resources and production, and locally fabricated and also imported a variety of ceramic artifacts. In this report I shall summarize the status of current and ongoing investigations of Classic Teotihuacan period archaeological ceramics by surveying briefly the regional geology, reviewing previous research employing petrography and INAA, and examining the salient results of the analyses to date on two foreign and seven domestic ceramic wares. Lastly, I consider important research problems and suggest cautions for future investigations of ceramics and clay sources.
Experimental Analysis of Predecision Information Seeking

A simulated consumer choice experiment showed that where the same brands appeared across a set of trials, prechoice information seeking declined as the subjects evidently learned to choose by brand...
Abstract 3803: 3,3-Diindolylmethane enhances Taxotere-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells through FoXM1 downregulation

Emerging evidence suggests that the transcription factor Forkhead Box M1 (FoxM1) is associated with the aggressive human carcinomas, including breast cancer. Since elevated expression of FoxM1 is observed in human breast cancers, FoxM1 has attracted growing attention as a potential target for the prevention or therapeutic intervention in breast cancer. However, no information is currently available regarding how down-regulation of FoxM1 could be achieved by any agents without toxicity, and whether this down-regulation could result in any benefit for patients diagnosed with breast cancer. 3,3′-diindolylmethane is a chemopreventive agent that has shown anti-tumor effects in various tumors. Currently there are no reports documenting the role of DIM in the inhibition of FoXM1, which will sensitize breast cancer cells to conventional therapeutic agents. Using a variety of breast cancer cells, we investigated the effect of DIM alone and in combination with Taxotere. Using multiple approaches such as 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, gene transfection, flow cytometry, real-time reverse transcription-PCR, Western blotting, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis assays, we found that DIM enhanced Taxotere-induced apoptotic cell death in breast cancer cells. These enhancing effect were related to the down-regulation of FoxM1, as well as the inhibition of cell growth, decrease in cell migration, and invasion of breast cancer cells. We also found that knockdown of FoXM1 expression by small interfering RNA transfection increased DIM-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis, whereas overexpression of FoxM1 by cDNA transfection minimized DIM-induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, combination treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth, and the results were correlated with the down-regulation of FoXM1. From these results, we conclude that inactivation of FoxM1 and its target genes by DIM enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of Taxotere in breast cancer, which could be useful for the treatment and/or prevention of aggressive breast cancer. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3803.
Reactive oxygen species formation and bystander effects in gradient irradiation on human breast cancer cells

// Dongqing Zhang 1, 6, * , Tingyang Zhou 1, 5, * , Feng He 3, * , Yi Rong 2 , Shin Hee Lee 7 , Shiyong Wu 7, 8 , Li Zuo 1, 4, 5 1 Radiologic Sciences and Respiratory Therapy Division, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 2 Department of Radiation Oncology, The James Cancer Hospital, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 3 Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Skidmore College, Saratoga Springs, NY 12866, USA 4 Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 5 Interdisciplinary Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA 6 Urology Nevada/Northern Nevada Radiation Oncology, Reno, NV 89521, USA 7 Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA 8 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA * These authors are equally contributed to this work Correspondence to: Li Zuo, email: zuo.4@osu.edu Keywords: bystander effects, reactive oxygen species, gradient irradiation, breast cancer cells, MCF-7 Received: August 19, 2015 Accepted: April 18, 2016 Published: May 20, 2016 ABSTRACT Ionizing radiation (IR) in cancer radiotherapy can induce damage to neighboring cells via non-targeted effects by irradiated cells. These so-called bystander effects remain an area of interest as it may provide enhanced efficacy in killing carcinomas with minimal radiation. It is well known that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are ubiquitous among most biological activities. However, the role of ROS in bystander effects has not been thoroughly elucidated. We hypothesized that gradient irradiation (GI) has enhanced therapeutic effects via the ROS-mediated bystander pathways as compared to uniform irradiation (UI). We evaluated ROS generation, viability, and apoptosis in breast cancer cells (MCF-7) exposed to UI (5 Gy) or GI (8–2 Gy) in radiation fields at 2, 24 and 48 h after IR. We found that extracellular ROS release induced by GI was higher than that by UI at both 24 h ( p < 0.001) and 48 h ( p < 0.001). More apoptosis and less viability were observed in GI when compared to UI at either 24 h or 48 h after irradiation. The mean effective doses (ED) of GI were ~130% (24 h) and ~48% (48 h) higher than that of UI, respectively. Our results suggest that GI is superior to UI regarding redox mechanisms, ED, and toxic dosage to surrounding tissues.
Indirect-drive ablative Richtmyer Meshkov node scaling

The ablation front Rayleigh Taylor hydroinstability growth dispersion curve for indirect-drive implosions has been shown to be dependent on the Richtmyer Meshkov growth during the first shock transit phase. In this paper, a simplified treatment of the first shock ablative Richtmyer-Meshkov (ARM) growth dispersion curve is used to extract differences in ablation front perturbation growth behavior as function of foot pulse shape and ablator material for comparing the merits of various ICF design option.
Management of Interactive Graphics Functionality Beyond “GKS”

Engineering workstations are expected to offer an effective facility for integration of several functions in engineering design, drafting, machine tooling, manufacturing, and project management. The usefulness of these workstations is often compromised because of the industries’ inability to rapidly develop and integrate complex applications software. With changing user needs, the ability to provide highly functional customizable interactive computer graphics applications is very significant to the effectiveness of workstations on a continuing basis.
TBI-induced nociceptive sensitization is regulated by histone acetylation.

Chronic pain after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is very common, but the mechanisms linking TBI to pain and the pain-related interactions of TBI with peripheral injuries are poorly understood. In these studies we pursued the hypothesis that TBI pain sensitization is associated with histone acetylation in the rat lateral fluid percussion model. Some animals received hindpaw incisions in addition to TBI to mimic polytrauma. Neuropathological analysis of brain tissue from sham and TBI animals revealed evidence of bleeding, breakdown of the blood brain barrier, in the cortex, hippocampus, thalamus and other structures related to pain signal processing. Mechanical allodynia was measured in these animals for up to eight weeks post-injury. Inhibitors of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) were used to probe the role of histone acetylation in such pain processing. We followed serum markers including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neuron-specific enolase 2 (NSE) myelin basic protein (MBP) and S100β to gauge TBI injury severity. Our results showed that TBI caused mechanical allodynia in the hindpaws of the rats lasting several weeks. Hindpaws contralateral to TBI showed more rapid and profound sensitization than ipsilateral hindpaws. The inhibition of HAT using curcumin 50 mg/kg s.c reduced mechanical sensitization while the HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid 50 mg/kg i.p. prolonged sensitization in the TBI rats. Immunohistochemical analyses of spinal cord tissue localized changes in the level of acetylation of the H3K9 histone mark to dorsal horn neurons. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that TBI induces sustained nociceptive sensitization, and changes in spinal neuronal histone proteins may play an important role.
161. Directing Integration of SB Transposons Into Selected Genomic Sites in Liver for Non-Viral Gene Therapy

Insertional mutagenesis is a concern for those practicing gene therapy. Several methods that employ modified recombinases, integrases, and transposases have been proposed and tested to direct integration of transgenic expression cassettes to specific sites in mammalian genomes. Site-specific nucleases employing zinc-fingers (ZFNs), transcription activator-like coupled to endonucleases (TALENs), and RNA-guided nucleases (RGNs, which include the CRISPR/Cas systems) are effective to various extents for site-specific recombination to repair genes as well as direct insertion of new genetic sequences. There are some concerns with cleavage of non-targeted sites that have yet to be resolved using site-specific nucleases. We have been developing an alternative method for directing integration of the Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system for non-viral gene therapy. SB transposons nearly randomly integrate into TA sites in genomes (about 2×106 in mammalian genomes) and are agnostic regarding the transcriptional state or purpose of a given region.Our targeting procedure employs the RecA protein from E. coli that is involved with DNA repair and recombination. Single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ODNs) complexed with RecA protein can interact with genomic DNA to form triple DNA helices. These can be recognized by some transposases for selective transposition (Fig. 1). We tested whether site-specific integration by SB transposase could be achieved by targeting the MIA14 locus in mouse liver. There are about 2098 copies of the repetitive element in benign locations in the mouse genome. By targeting a repetitive element, the chances of avoiding integration into non-targeted sites theoretically would be reduced. If effective, RecA-mediated targeting for a given transposon (transgene) to any site could be achieved by just specifying a single 40-mer ODN. To test our proposed method for targeting integration, we hydrodynamically infused pT2 transposons carrying a luciferase expression cassette, SB100 transposase, and RecA-40mer filaments into mice. Mice were sacked four days post-infusion, livers were harvested, genomic DNA isolated, and selected regions amplified using bar-coded, transposon-specific primers for analysis of integration sites by Illumina sequencing. Our initial results indicate that this method of targeting integration without using site-specific nucleases has potential. View Large Image | Download PowerPoint Slide
A Functional Analysis of 2016 Direct Mail Advertising in Ohio

Few studies examine the content of political direct mail advertising (pamphlets, brochures) despite the fact that this campaign medium remains a popular means of reaching voters. This study reports a functional analysis of 68 direct mail advertisements employed in Ohio in 2016. These messages acclaimed more than they attacked; no defenses occurred in this sample. The topics of the statements in these texts were about evenly split between policy (48%) and character (52%). As predicted, both general goals and ideals were employed more frequently to acclaim than to attack. This study adds to our knowledge of direct mail advertising and nonpresidential ads (only 6% of the brochures in this sample were from the presidential race).
The effects of dietary macronutrient composition on lipid metabolism-associated factor gene expression in the adipose tissue of chickens are influenced by fasting and refeeding.

Broiler chickens are compulsive feeders that become obese as juveniles and are thus a unique model for metabolic disorders in humans. However, little is known about the relationship between dietary composition, fasting and refeeding and adipose tissue physiology in chicks. Our objective was to determine how dietary macronutrient composition and fasting and refeeding affect chick adipose physiology during the early post-hatch period. Chicks were fed one of three isocaloric diets after hatch: high-carbohydrate (HC; control), high-fat (HF; 30% of ME from soybean oil) or high-protein (HP; 25% vs. 22% crude protein). At 4 days post-hatch, chicks were fed (continuous ad libitum access to food), fasted (3 h food withdrawal), or refed (fasted for 3 h and refed for 1 h). Subcutaneous, clavicular, and abdominal adipose tissue was collected for histological analysis and to measure gene expression, and plasma to measure non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentrations (n = 6–10 per group). Adipose tissue weights were reduced in chicks that were fed the HP diet and adipocyte diameter was greater in the adipose tissue of chicks that ate the HF diet. Consumption of diets differing in protein and fat content also affected gene expression; mRNAs encoding fatty acid binding protein 4 and a lipolytic enzyme, monoglyceride lipase, were greater in chicks fed the HC and HF than HP diet in all three adipose tissue depots. Fasting influenced gene expression in a depot-dependent manner, where most fasting and refeeding-induced changes were observed in the clavicular fat of chicks that consumed the HC diet. Fasting increased plasma NEFA concentrations in chicks fed the HC and HP diets. The decreased adipose tissue deposition in chicks fed the HP diet is likely explained by decreased rates of adipogenesis. Consumption of the HF diet was associated with greater adipose tissue deposition and larger adipocytes, likely as a result of greater rates of adipocyte hypertrophy. The depot-dependent effects of diet and fasting on gene expression may help explain mechanisms underlying metabolic distinctions among subcutaneous and visceral fat depots in humans.
Role of CCR10 and CCL27 in skin resident T cell development and homeostasis

The skin hosts numerous immune cell subsets which generate synergistic responses to a variety of stimuli including foreign antigens, pathogens and commensal bacteria. Each stimulus is unique and calls for a specific and balanced response; any disruption of this homeostasis can lead to complications such as inflammatory diseases. T cells in the skin are a key player in the response to infection, maintenance of commensal bacterial, and tissue homeostasis. Thus, elucidating the mechanisms regulating T cell migration, establishment, and maintenance within the skin is a high priority. CCR10, a receptor expressed on the majority of skin resident T cells, has a complex role in the development of skin-resident T cells through interaction with its skin-specific receptor CCL27. Preliminary data from our analysis of T-cell specific phenotypes in CCL27a knockout mice demonstrates a preferential reduction of Treg cells in the skin, highlighting the importance of CCL27a in the establishment of skin resident Treg cells under homeostatic conditions. Furthermore, we found CCR10+ resident CD8+ T cells contribute to the homeostatic maintenance of Treg and CD4+ effector T cells in the skin. Defective establishment of CCR10-knockout CD8+ T cells in the skin was shown to correlate with a reduction of skin-resident Treg cells. Skin-resident CD8+ T cells express high amounts of B7.2, a ligand for CTLA-4 which is highly expressed on Treg cells in the skin. In vitro co-culture of purified skin CD8+ and Treg cells suggests B7-2/receptor interaction is important for CD8+ cell-mediated survival of Treg cells. These findings will greatly aid in further understanding the development and homeostasis of skin resident T cells.
Direct Identification of Structured Parity Equations

Abstract Structured parity equations are transformed input-output relations shaped to provide characteristic structures in response to specific faults. To construct them, the knowledge of the system model is needed. It is shown in this paper how the parameters of parity equations can be obtained by direct identification, whether they describe a system input-output relation, a physical unit model or a relation resulting from pure mathematical manipulations. It is also shown how valid parity equations can be obtained if the data has been collected under closed-loop control and therefore the inputs are linearly related.
Brain Cholesterol: The Effect of Chemical and Physical Agents

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the effect of chemical and physical agents on brain cholesterol. The brain represents the largest repository of body cholesterol however relatively little is known about its metabolism and even less about its function and role within the central nervous system. It has been suggested that cholesterol turnover may be more rapid in some areas than in others. In view of new evidence that indicates both biosynthetic capacity and turnover ability of cholesterol in adult brain, studies dealing with the effect of chemical and physical agents on the constituent have become more rational. That the stability of brain cholesterol was so readily accepted in view of early experiments showing drug effect is difficult to comprehend. Drug stimulants and drug depressants may have their mechanism of action directly or indirectly on brain cholesterol. It is clear from the diversity of chemical structures which affect cholesterol metabolism in general and brain cholesterol in particular that further work will be necessary to relate the mechanisms of drug action on brain cholesterol and brain function.
Comparison of Two Distributed Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Flexible-Link Manipulators

This Presentation is brought to you for free and open access by the Mechanical Engineering at Digital Scholarship@UNLV. It has been accepted for inclusion in Presentations (ME) by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact digitalscholarship@unlv.edu. Repository Citation Shi, L. Z., Trabia, M. (2001, May). Comparison of Two Distributed Fuzzy Logic Controllers for Flexible-Link Manipulators.
Ask Me No Questions and I Will Tell You No Lies: The Insignificance of Leidos before the United States Supreme Court

What if the Supreme Court issued an opinion and no one cared? No one cared who won or lost. No one cared how the question presented was resolved. The prevailing party wouldn’t gain a cent from its victory and the losing party wouldn’t suffer one whit from its loss. Leidos, Inc. v. Indiana Public Retirement System, now pending before the Supreme Court, could be just that sort of case. Leidos asks whether a “pure omission,” an omission that does not render an affirmative statement false or misleading, is actionable under Section 10(b) of the Securities Exchange Act and Rule 10b-5 thereunder. With so much affirmative mandatory and voluntary disclosure in the public domain it is trivially easy for plaintiffs to allege that material omissions create half-truths that are fully actionable under established precedent. Half-truths expose defendants to liability identical to that arising from corresponding pure omission claims, and it makes no meaningful difference whether pure omissions are actionable as omissions or as half-truths. Leidos itself proves the point: there, a single omission causes an affirmative statement to become misleading and is also alleged as a “pure omission.” Leidos will be remanded to resolve the half-truth claim and, on remand, the probability that Leidos will be dismissed, and the amount for which Leidos settles if not dismissed, will not be materially affected by the Supreme Court’s decision. This is not to suggest that certiorari has been improvidently granted. There is virtue in semantic consistency. A clear opinion describing the scope of liability, if any, for pure omissions will contribute to judicial efficiency by eliminating complex briefing over rhetorical distinctions that don’t move the liability needle. As for the doctrinal question presented, the better interpretation of the law is that the relevant text, history, and precedent do not support Rule 10b-5 liability for pure omissions. A decision to the contrary would create substantial tension with Supreme Court precedent and generate unnecessary confusion over the application of the most important civil liability provision of the federal securities laws. The article also examines the potential for pure omission liability arising from the Sarbanes-Oxley Section 906 certification and concludes that neither the Commission nor private parties are likely to prevail on such a claim.
“We Are Such Stuff”: Absolute Feminine Power vs. Cinematic Myth-Making in Julie Taymor’s Tempest (2010)

Garnering inspiration from Carole Levin’s study of the elaborate protocols of re-gendering absolute power in public representations of Elizabeth I, this essay analyzes the re-gendering of the absolute power of Shakespeare’s magus-ruler Prospero as feminine in Julie Taymor’s 2010 film adaptation of The Tempest, starring Helen Mirren as Prospera. Through casting, narrative, and performance choices as well as spectacular set and costume design, the film develops a new myth of absolute feminine power. Prospero’s power of magical language is here superseded by Prospera’s power over space. Yet this new myth suggests to contemporary cinema audiences that the wielding of absolute power by a woman is an endeavor whose precariousness and loneliness surpass by far the experience of exile of Shakespeare’s Duke of Milan.
Stool Biomarkers to Diagnose Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Pilot Case-Control Study

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory disease of the intestine primarily affecting preterm infants. Currently, the diagnosis of NEC is based on a constellation of non-specific clinical symptoms and signs, radiologic findings, and laboratory data (Bell's staging criteria). However, a definitive diagnosis of NEC is difficult because of its similarity in presentation to other clinical conditions. Biomarkers measured in stool samples will better reflect inflammation and pathology specific to the intestine. Certain stool markers are able to identify inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric and …
Death or Debt? National Estimates of Financial Toxicity in Persons with Newly-Diagnosed Cancer.

ABSTRACT Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of cancer upon a patient's net worth and debt in the US. Methods This longitudinal study used the Health and Retirement Study from 1998–2014. Persons ≥50years with newly-diagnosed malignancies were included, excluding minor skin cancers. Multivariable generalized linear models assessed changes in net worth and debt (consumer, mortgage, home equity) at 2 and 4 years after diagnosis (year+2, year+4), controlling for demographic and clinically-related variables, cancer-specific attributes, economic factors, and mortality. A 2-year period before cancer diagnosis served as a historical control. Results Across 9.5 million estimated new diagnoses of cancer from 2000–2012, individuals averaged 68.6±9.4 years with slight majorities being married (54.7%), not retired (51.1%), and Medicare beneficiaries (56.6%). At year+2, 42.4% depleted their entire life's assets, with higher adjusted odds associated with worsening cancer, requirement of continued treatment, demographic and socioeconomic factors (ie, female, Medicaid, uninsured, retired, increasing age, income, and household size), and clinical characteristics (ie, current smoker, worse self-reported health, hypertension, diabetes, lung disease) (P Conclusions This nationally-representative investigation of an initially-estimated 9.5 million newly-diagnosed persons with cancer who were ≥50 years of age found a substantial proportion incurring financial toxicity. As large financial burdens have been found to adversely affect access to care and outcomes among cancer patients, the active development of approaches to mitigate these effects among already vulnerable groups remains of key importance.
Social Background and Achievement in Public and Catholic High Schools

One of the more provocative findings from the 1980 – 1982 High School and Beyond comparisons of public and Catholic high school students was the apparent lower effects of social class and race on achievement test scores in Catholic schools. A number of changes in American society and public education since that time suggest that relationships may have changed either in the direction of greater or lesser Catholic school benefits for less-advantaged youth. The analyses presented here represent an update of the High School and Beyond public-Catholic comparisons using the 1988 – 1992 National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS:88). As in the early 1980s, results indicate that Catholic high schools in the early 1990s had positive effects on student achievement test score gains. Without adjusting for other public-Catholic background differences, Catholic school minority and lower-SES students finished high school with higher average test scores than their public school counterparts. When adjustments for the effects of prior achievement and other background variables are made, however, differential benefits of Catholic schools for minority and lower-SES students are not found. Instead, Catholic schools appear to confer roughly equal benefits to students from more- and less-advantaged social backgrounds.
Inactivation of Recombinant Monocyte cAMP-Specific Phosphodiesterase by cAMP Analog, 8-[(4-Bromo-2,3-Dioxobutyl)thio]Adenosine 3′,5′-Cyclic Monophosphate

Two cAMP analogs, 8- and 2- [(4-bromo-2,3-dioxobutyl)thio]adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8- and 2-BDB-TcAMP) have been used in probing the catalytic site of recombinant monocyte cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4a). 2-BDB-TcAMP is a reversible and competitive inhibitor (Ki = 5.5 mumol/L) of cAMP hydrolysis by PDE4a, 8-BDB-TcAMP irreversibly inactivates the enzyme in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with a second order rate constant of 0.022 mmol/L-1 min-1. The rate of inactivation of PDE4a is reduced by the presence of the substrate cAMP and specific inhibitors, rolipram and denbufylline, but not by cGMP or AMP. Reduction of the enzyme-inhibitor complex with sodium [3H]borohydride shows that 1.2 mol of the affinity label/mol of enzyme was incorporated. The radiolabeled peptide is composed of 10 amino acid residues (697 to 706) located near the carboxyl end of the proposed catalytic domain. The peptide (GPGHPPLPDK) has seven nonpolar and aliphatic residues, of which four are proline, giving the peptide a highly structured conformation. This peptide is the first to be identified in the putative catalytic domain involved in substrate recognition.
Congenital Malformations of Dermatoglyphics

Anomalies of the ridged skin are occasionally encountered on the volar aspects of human hands and feet. They may result from destruction of dermal patterns caused by trauma, such as burns, mutilations, or skin diseases, or from inborn aberrations of the papillary ridge patterns. The latter are of special interest because they may be hereditary and some are typical of specific medical disorders.
Effectiveness of a Job Search Training Program for Youth With Visual Impairments

Early work experiences predict future employment for youth with visual impairments, particularly when youth find jobs independently, but research has not supported the efficacy of sponsored work fo...
Psychological Quality of Life in a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender Sample: Correlates of Stress, Mindful Acceptance, and Self-Esteem

Because of a history of marginalization, lesbians, gay men, bisexuals, and transgender (LGBT) individuals experience stress associated with their minority status (Meyer, 2003), which may threaten self-esteem (Herek, Gillis, & Cogan, 2009) and psychological quality of life (Radkowsky & Siegel, 1997).
Bone marrow cell homing to sites of acute tibial fracture: 89Zr-oxine cell labeling with positron emission tomographic imaging in a mouse model.

Bone fracture healing is dependent upon the rapid migration and engraftment of bone marrow (BM) progenitor and stem cells to the site of injury. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 plays a crucial role in recruiting BM cells expressing its receptor CXCR4. Recently, a CXCR4 antagonist, plerixafor, has been used to mobilize BM cells into the blood in efforts to enhance cell migration to sites of injury presumably improving healing. In this study, we employed zirconium-89 (89Zr)-oxine-labeled BM cells imaged with positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) to visualize and quantitate BM cell trafficking following acute bone injury and to investigate the effect of plerixafor on BM cell homing. Unilateral 1-mm incisions were created in the distal tibia of mice either on the same day (d0) or 24 h (d1) after 89Zr-oxine-labeled BM cell transfer (n = 4–6, 2–2.3 × 107 cells at 9.65–15.7 kBq/106 cells). Serial microPET/CT imaging was performed and migration of 89Zr-labeled cells to the bone injury was quantified. The effects of three daily doses of plerixafor on cell trafficking were evaluated beginning on the day of fracture generation (n = 4–6). The labeled cells localizing to the fracture were analyzed by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. In d0- and d1-fracture groups, 0.7% and 1.7% of administered BM cells accumulated within the fracture, respectively. Plerixafor treatment reduced BM cell migration to the fracture by approximately one-third (p < 0.05 for both fracture groups). Flow cytometry analysis of donor cells collected from the injured site revealed a predominance of CD45+ stem/progenitor cell populations and subsequent histological analysis demonstrated the presence of donor cells engrafted within sites of fracture repair. 89Zr-oxine labeling enabled visualization and quantitation of BM cell recruitment to acute fractures and further demonstrated that plerixafor plays an inhibitory role in this recruitment.
Where Credit is Due: Foreclosure Without the Note is a Remedy Without a Right

Can a party without the right to collect a secured debt nonetheless seize the collateral securing it? This Article asserts that it may not, and that in residential real estate finance, foreclosure of a property requires the right to collect the underlying secured debt. The two pillars of a mortgage are the promissory note and the security instrument. The promissory note evidences the debt and the security instrument secures the debt by conveying a security interest in the real property of the mortgagor. When the two instruments are held by different parties, it raises the question of whether the party that holds the security interest may foreclose upon it after a breach of the promissory note. This question has caused a split of authority to develop in the Northern District of Georgia, and is now before the Georgia Supreme Court. This Article demonstrates that the party holding the security interest cannot foreclose for the debt underlying the promissory note. The remedy of foreclosure is granted for the purpose of securing repayment of the debt to the party entitled to collect it in the first place — a security interest cannot create a remedy where there is no right.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with a decreased quality of life (1) and increased morbidity, particularly an increased risk for driving accidents because of falling asleep or inattention (2) and cardiovascular disease (3). However, before sleep apnea can be diagnosed, it must be considered as a possible diagnosis. Clinical presentation and recognition is crucial in considering OSA as an explanation for a group of symptoms and clinical findings. How do patients present when they have OSA? Whom do they go to for evaluation? Are there differences between genders and races? These questions will be addressed in this chapter.
Ultraviolet observation of Enceladus' plume in transit across Saturn, compared to Europa

Abstract Saturn's moon Enceladus is known to have a water vapor plume erupting from fissures across its south polar region. The plume was detectable in an observation of Enceladus transiting Saturn by Cassini's Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS), but only at 1216 A (Lyman alpha). Jupiter's moon Europa also may have multiple water vapor plumes, detected via similar ultraviolet observations of Europa transiting Jupiter (after being discovered via emission features) by Hubble Space Telescope. Comparison of the UVIS Enceladus transit observation to published Europa transit results reveals that Europa's plumes have very different properties than Enceladus' plume using the same observational technique. For example, the mass of water expelled is two orders of magnitude less at Enceladus compared to Europa.
Modern Anesthetic Ethers Demonstrate Quantum Interactions with Entangled Photons

Despite decades of research, the mechanism of anesthetic-induced unconsciousness remains incompletely understood, with some advocating for a quantum mechanical basis. Despite associations between general anesthesia and changes in physical properties such as electron spin, there has been no empirical demonstration that general anesthetics are capable of functional quantum interactions. In this work, we studied the linear and non-linear optical properties of the halogenated ethers sevoflurane (SEVO) and isoflurane (ISO), using UV-Vis spectroscopy, time dependent-density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations, classical two-photon spectroscopy, and entangled two-photon spectroscopy. We show that both of these halogenated ethers interact with pairs of 800 nm entangled photons while neither interact with 800 nm classical photons. By contrast, nonhalogenated diethyl ether does not interact with entangled photons. This is the first experimental evidence that halogenated anesthetics can directly undergo quantum interaction mechanisms, offering a new approach to understanding their physicochemical properties.
Personality traits as predictors of reading comprehension and metacomprehension accuracy

Personality is an aspect of individual differences that contribute to one’s confidence and self-esteem, which can then impact on learning achievement such as reading ability as well as self-assessments of reading comprehension (i.e., metacomprehension). The present study investigated the role of individual differences on the Big Five personality in predicting reading comprehension and metacomprehension accuracy before and after a test. Personality traits were found to uniquely relate to reading comprehension, self-assessed confidence in comprehension, and metacomprehension accuracy. Openness to Experience positively correlated with all measures of confidence assessments on reading comprehension but failed to correlate to actual reading performance, indicating that participants were overconfident in their ability to perform. Extraversion negatively correlated with self-evaluation of comprehension performance and did not predict actual comprehension performance. More findings and educational implications from these findings were discussed to address the potential impacts of personality traits on reading and metacomprehension skills.
Acquisition of Antibiotic-Resistant Gram-negative Bacteria in the Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) Cluster Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND The Benefits of Universal Glove and Gown (BUGG) cluster randomized trial found varying effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and no increase in adverse events. The aim of this study was to assess whether the intervention decreases the acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. METHODS This was a secondary analysis of a randomized trial in 20 hospital intensive care units. The intervention consisted of healthcare workers wearing gloves and gowns when entering any patient room compared to standard care. The primary composite outcome was acquisition of any antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria based on surveillance cultures. RESULTS A total of 40 492 admission and discharge perianal swabs from 20 246 individual patient admissions were included in the primary outcome. For the primary outcome of acquisition of any antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria, the intervention had a rate ratio (RR) of 0.90 (95% confidence interval [CI], .71-1.12; P = .34). Effects on the secondary outcomes of individual bacteria acquisition were as follows: carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (RR, 0.86 [95% CI, .60-1.24; P = .43), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (RR, 0.81 [95% CI, .52-1.27; P = .36), carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas (RR, 0.88 [95% CI, .55-1.42]; P = .62), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria (RR, 0.94 [95% CI, .71-1.24]; P = .67). CONCLUSIONS Universal glove and gown use in the intensive care unit was associated with a non-statistically significant decrease in acquisition of antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacteria. Individual hospitals should consider the intervention based on the importance of these organisms at their hospital, effect sizes, CIs, and cost of instituting the intervention. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT01318213.
Hybrid Cryptocurrency Pump and Dump Detection

Increasingly growing Cryptocurrency markets have become a hive for scammers to run pump and dump schemes which is considered as an anomalous activity in exchange markets. Anomaly detection in time series is challenging since existing methods are not sufficient to detect the anomalies in all contexts. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid pump and dump detection method based on distance and density metrics. First, we propose a novel automatic thresh-old setting method for distance-based anomaly detection. Second, we propose a novel metric called density score for density-based anomaly detection. Finally, we exploit the combination of density and distance metrics successfully as a hybrid approach. Our experiments show that, the proposed hybrid approach is reliable to detect the majority of alleged P & D activities in top ranked exchange pairs by outperforming both density-based and distance-based methods.
Improving Asphalt Binder’s Elasticity through Controlling the Interaction Parameters between CRM and Asphalt Binder

Crumb rubber modifier (CRM) is considered one of the most commonly used modifiers that enhances the rheological properties of asphalt binders. Optimizing the interaction process between CRM and asphalt binder to enhance the asphalt binder’s elasticity without additional additives is the main purpose of the article. Rheological properties were measured in this article for neat asphalt and crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) binders. Two sets of interactions were selected. In the first interaction set, one interaction temperature (190°C), one interaction speed (3,000 rpm), and different interaction times (0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 h) were used. The used CRM percentage was 10 % by weight of the neat asphalt binder. Two sources of asphalt binder, one source and different percentages of CRM, one interaction temperature (190°C), one interaction speed (3,000 rpm), and different interaction times were selected for the second interaction set. This set was designated to confirm the rheological properties obtained for the first set. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed on CRM particles before and after their interaction with asphalt binder after different interaction times. The CRMA binders that interacted for the entire 8-h interaction times had significantly enhanced properties, especially the elasticity, as compared to the neat asphalt binder. The 8-h interaction time showed the highest CRM dissolution percentage by dissolution and TGA testing. At this interaction time, more CRM components were released into the asphalt binder liquid phase, which was detected by observing Fourier-transform infrared peaks at 966 cm−1 for polypropylene and 699 cm−1 for polystyrene.
How Do We Reconcile Divine Election and Human Freedom in John

The Gospel of John simultaneously—and seemingly paradoxically—teaches that God the Father chooses only some persons to be saved, that each person is able to freely choose between salvation and condemnation, and that God the Father desires all persons to be saved. Yet these teachings are not logically contradictory to one another. Drawing on the doctrine of middle knowledge, the chapter attempts to reconcile these teachings by arguing that, while God wants everyone to be saved, God middle-knows that there is no world of free creatures he can create (i.e., no feasible world) where all would be freely saved. Different feasible worlds present different groups of persons who would be saved and condemned. God’s choice of which feasible world to create simply is his predestination of every individual in that world whom God middle-knew would freely receive salvation. I then suggest how the philosophical concept of middle knowledge may be fruitfully applied to other quandaries in the Fourth Gospel.
Public Health Interventions with Harms and Benefits: A Graphical Framework for Evaluating Tradeoffs

BackgroundEvaluations of public health interventions typically report benefits and harms aggregated over the population. However, benefits and harms are not always evenly distributed. Examining dis...
Evaluation of sexual orientation and gender identity documentation at school-based health centers in New York City.

RATIONALE National organizations have called for routine collection of data on sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in clinical settings to track access to and quality of care provided to sexual and gender minority patients to improve health outcomes. However, there are limited data on this implementation for among adolescent populations. METHODS A secondary data analysis from seven school-based health centers (SBHCs) in New York City explored SOGI documentation for 8888 adolescent patients in 2015 to 2018. Using Electronic Health Records, SBHC medical providers' implementation rate of patient SOGI documentation was assessed. Trends in SOGI documentation were reviewed. RESULTS At 18-month post-EHR modification and training, SOGI documentation increased and was sustained at 47%. Those documented as female were significantly more likely to have SOGI documentation compared to those documented as male (36% vs 26% for SO; 36% vs 25% for GI). CONCLUSIONS This study identified incomplete data collection in SOGI documentation among adolescents receiving medical and mental health services in SBHCs.
The Santa Fe Light Cone Simulation Project: I. Confusion and the WHIM in Upcoming Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect Surveys

We present the first results from a new generation of simulated large sky coverage (~100 square degrees) Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect (SZE) cluster surveys using the cosmological adaptive mesh refinement N-body/hydro code Enzo. We have simulated a very large (512^3h^{-3}Mpc^3) volume with unprecedented dynamic range. We have generated simulated light cones to match the resolution and sensitivity of current and future SZE instruments. Unlike many previous studies of this type, our simulation includes unbound gas, where an appreciable fraction of the baryons in the universe reside. We have found that cluster line-of-sight overlap may be a significant issue in upcoming single-dish SZE surveys. Smaller beam surveys (~1 arcmin) have more than one massive cluster within a beam diameter 5-10% of the time, and a larger beam experiment like Planck has multiple clusters per beam 60% of the time. We explore the contribution of unresolved halos and unbound gas to the SZE signature at the maximum decrement. We find that there is a contribution from gas outside clusters of ~16% per object on average for upcoming surveys. This adds both bias and scatter to the deduced value of the integrated SZE, adding difficulty in accurately calibrating a cluster Y-M relationship. Finally, we find that in images where objects with M > 5x10^{13} M_{\odot} have had their SZE signatures removed, roughly a third of the total SZE flux still remains. This gas exists at least partially in the Warm Hot Intergalactic Medium (WHIM), and will possibly be detectable with the upcoming generation of SZE surveys.