cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A forecast of globalization, international business and trade: report from a Delphi study

Globalization causes dramatic changes in business environments both in terms of their degree and swiftness. Forecasting such changes is crucial for the preparation of responses by the affected parties. This article reports on a Delphi study conducted with a set of experts drawn from the policy, business and academic communities ranging from the megamarkets of the world to the emerging and developing ones. Over three rounds of interchange, these experts analyzed and debated the likelihood of changes in the international business environment over the next decade and the impact of these changes on policy and on corporate practices. The findings identify major sectoral transformations, shifts in the trade framework and its institution, and strategies for corporate adjustment. In some cases, these phenomena occur in different geographic areas with diverse effects.
Uptake and processing of human platelet factor 4 by hepatocytes.

We previously demonstrated rapid clearance of human platelet factor 4 (PF4) from rabbit and rat blood, its accumulation in the liver, and elimination of PF4 degradation products in urine. The purpose of the present experiments was to characterize interaction of PF4 with cultured rat hepatocytes. /sup 125/I-PF4 was taken up by hepatocytes reaching maximum at 180 min. The association of /sup 125/I-PF4 with hepatocytes was two times greater at 37/sup 0/C than at 4/sup 0/C. At 37/sup 0/C degradation of /sup 125/-PF4 by hepatocytes was also observed as indicated by the increase of /sup 125/I-PF4 radioactivity soluble in 6% trichloroacetic acid. By contrast, no uptake of /sup 125/I-..beta..-thromboglobulin antigen was observed. Autoradiography demonstrated that short incubation (5-20 min) of /sup 125/I-PF4 with hepatocytes results in the association of /sup 125/I-radioactivity with cell membranes while after longer incubation (60 min) radioactivity was also localized in the endosomes. Heparin inhibited binding and uptake of /sup 125/I-PF4 radioactivity by hepatocytes. We propose that part of PF4 released in the circulating blood by activated platelets is bound to the surface of hepatocytes and that it is further processed by these cells.
Exploring Relational Cultures: Rituals, Privacy Disclosure, and Relational Satisfaction

Relational cultures involve unique relational activities and identities that manifest within symbolic practices (Bruess & Pearson, 1993). The association between rituals, privacy disclosure, and relational satisfaction were examined. Both time spent together and privacy disclosure affect romantic couples' perceptions of closeness and relational intimacy (Emmers-Sommer, 2004) and certain rituals foster the ongoing nature of the relationship (Bruess & Pearson, 1997). In this study, individuals involved in romantic relationships (n = 359) participated in an online survey. Couple-time rituals and idiosyncratic rituals accounted for a significant portion of the variance in romantic partners' disclosure. Relational satisfaction varied as a function of couple-time rituals, idiosyncratic rituals, and internal privacy orientation. Findings of this study illuminate the role of time spent and secrets shared in romantic relationships.
Dynamic performance of Surveyor throttleable rocket engine operating on propellants containing dissolved gas.

Surveyor throttleable liquid propellant rocket engine for operation on propellants saturated with dissolved liquid gas
The Search for Protection Against HIV Infection

More than 25 years after the recognition of AIDS and the isolation of the causative agent, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), we have been unable to develop a vaccine to protect against infection. The major obstacle to development of a vaccine has been the absence of naturally acquired protective immunity, which is characteristic of most infectious agents. We and others, however, have identified individuals who appear to be resistant to infection. Using a combination of epidemiology, molecular biology, and genetics, we hypothesize that these individuals are able to resist infection by clearing low doses of HIV from their systems. We further hypothesize that they are able to clear the virus through a highly efficient system of processing and presentation of HIV epitopes (antigens) to CD8+ cytotoxic cells, which activate them to remove virally infected cells. Subsequent studies have lent support to this hypothesis.
Dugald Caleb Jackson — 1938 Edison medalist

A summary of the accomplishments of the current recipient of the Institute's highest honor reveals a balance between work as a consultant and as an educator
The stoic temper in belletristic rhetoric

Abstract Although belletristic rhetoric constitutes a response to concerns that are unique to the eighteenth century, its fundamental principles carry forward Stoic views concerning the relationships among the individual's perceptions, moral sense, and civic duty. Stoic philosophy had particular appeal for eighteenth‐century thinkers searching for stability in the midst of rapid change. Examining the philosophical links between belletristic rhetoric and Stoic thought provides a more complete understanding of the beliefs about language, virtue, and society that shape the development of belletristic rhetoric.
A structural approach to the yield strength of two-phase alloys with coarse microstructures

The role of structural phase continuity in the yeilding of two-phase alloys is examined. A rule of mixtures based on the contiguity parameter is applied to three types of microstructures: (1) dispersed hard particles in a continuous soft ductile matrix; (2) a mixture of two continuous phases; (3) clusters of hard particles embedded in a continuous soft ductile matrix. Shear lag analysis is used to estimate roughly the load transfer from soft matrix to hard particle clusters as a function of the aspect ratio L(1−C)l where L is the mean cluster caliper length, C is the contiguity parameter and l is the mean particle intercept length of the hard phase.
Web-Based Learning and Teaching Technologies: Opportunities and Challenges, edited by A. Aggarwal. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing, 2000. vi + 372 pp. $69.95. ISBN 1-878-28960-8

This diverse collection of articles represents a variety of experiences with web-based learning and teaching technologies. Web-based learning has become an important issue in American universities ...
Effects of DNA sequence non-homology on formation of bacteriophage lambda recombinants.

Abstract The presence of DNA sequence non-homologies limits the parental material contribution to the genomes of unduplicated bacteriophage λ recombinants. Crosses involving closely linked markers within the lacZ region of λ plac5 have been carried out under conditions severely limiting DNA synthesis. The presence of density labels distinguishing the parental phage permits an assessment of their material contribution to the lacZ recombinant phage that emerge. When both parents harbor point mutations, the recombinants exhibit a broad range of relative parental DNA contributions, providing support for the proposal that the lacZ + recombinants that are detected under these conditions result from mismatch repair processes acting on heterozygous sites within the long regions of heteroduplex structure present in the products of recombination. The presence of a region of non-homology, either a deletion or an insertion sequence, in one of the parents results in a limitation in the material contribution of that parent to the recombinant products. When both parents carry regions of non-homology, the relative parental contributions to recombinant products are further limited and are confined to the density range expected of the products of double-stranded breakage and joining events within the region separating the two mutational sites. These observations suggest that regions of non-homology are excluded from heteroduplex structures and provide support for a role of branch migration of a Holliday (1964) structure in the formation of the heteroduplex regions that are present in the products of recombination.
Stimulus context and retroactive inhibition in free recall

This study examined the effect of changes in stimulus context in a paradigm that had previously been shown to produce retroactive inhibition (RI). All Ss learned the same first list of 20 words to a criterion of one perfect recitation. As an intervening task, two groups of 30 Ss were given four trials in which to learn as many words as they could from a 30-word list containing the same word categories as in the first list. One group (Group B) saw the words in normal black type, the other (Group R) saw the words in red upper-case type. A control group of 10 Ss completed arithmetic problems. Both groups learning an interpolated list exhibited a large amount of RI, but this effect was considerably less for Group R.
Multi-modal image registration using local frequency representation and computer-aided design (CAD) models

Given two images of roughly the same scene, image registration is the process of determining the transformation that nearly maps one image to another. While some efficient procedures have been developed lately, the registration of images acquired from sensors operating in different modalities is still a challenging problem. In general, such images have different gray level characteristics and the features in the two images to be registered are often not well preserved, rendering registration techniques such as those based on feature extraction and area correlation generally not efficient, and hence not feasible in all cases. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for multi-sensor image registration based on using the local frequency representation of the images together with image representation of computer-aided design (CAD) models that permit region-of-interest-to-region-of-interest, ROI-to-ROI, space to solve image registration problem (instead of relying only on the captured images to solve image registration problem using image-to-image space). The key point underlying the proposed approach is the employment of local frequency representations of CAD models images to efficiently determine sets of matching points from the images to be registered, which in turn enables obtaining correspondence between these sets for estimating the transformation parameters. Performance evaluation results reported here indicate that the proposed technique is robust and yields promising results for multi-modal image registration.
Modified angström exponent for the characterization of submicrometer aerosols.

The classical Angstrom exponent is an operationally robust optical parameter that contains size information on all optically active aerosols in the field of view of a sunphotometer. Assuming that the optical effects of a typical (radius) size distribution can be approximated by separate submicrometer and supermicrometer components, we show that one can exploit the spectral curvature information in the measured optical depth to permit a direct estimation of a fine-mode (submicrometer) Angstrom exponent (αf) as well as the optical fraction of fine-mode particles (η). Simple expressions that enable the estimation of these parameters are presented and tested by use of simulations and measurements.
Aspects of the noctuid tympanic nerve response having significance in the avoidance of bats

Abstract Analysis of the afferent response from the tympanic organ of noctuid moths shows that intensity differences of ultrasonic pulses are encoded by the spike discharge of the acoustic cells in four different ways. These are: (1) number of spikes, (2) inter-spike interval, (3) number (1 or 2) of acoustic cells responding, and (4) spike generation time. It is argued that criteria 2 and 3 would be able to provide monaural information relative to threshold intensity, while criteria 1 and 4 would be unambiguous only as an interaural difference in a binaural moth. A field experiment was designed to test this hypothesis by comparing the effects of ultrasonic tones with those of ultrasonic pulses on various forms of avoidance behaviour shown by moths. This was combined with neurophysiological tests of the acoustic cell response to these stimuli under the same conditions. These experiments provide evidence that criterion 2—inter-spike interval—is important in releasing diving behaviour to intense ultrasound, and that criterion 4—interaural difference in spike generation time—is important in steering moths away in level flight from a faint source of ultrasound. Other behavioural experiments showed that a 5 msec pulse of 60 kc/s appears to be optimally effective in eliciting ‘diving’ and ‘turning-away’ when it is repeated about 30 times/sec. From this it is predicted that synaptic interaction between the first-order acoustic neurons and second- or higher-order neurons within the noctuid central nervous system must include two orders of temporal summation—the first operating over an interval of 1·5–2·6 msec, and the second over an interval of 100–200 msec.
Plasma cells and gamma-globulin in trabecular meshwork of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma.

Histologic sections of the trabecular meshwork of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma have been found to stain for γ-globulin.1Plasma cells were also found in the trabecular meshwork of such glaucomatous eyes. An independent careful study of trephine buttons from glaucomatous eyes revealed similar cells.2 This paper reports on the incidence both of γ-globulin and of plasma cells in a larger series of trephine buttons and eyes from patients with primary chronic open-angle glaucoma. Material and Methods Fifty-two trephine buttons* from patients with chronic simple open-angle glaucoma were fixed in neutral formalin or Stieve's solution, embedded in paraffin and sectioned. In addition 28 enucleated or autopsy eyes* with proved chronic simple open-angle glaucoma and 65 routine autopsy eyes were available for study. All specimens included in this study were from patients with bilateral glaucoma and no evidence whatsoever of secondary glaucoma or complicating factors (prior cataract or glaucoma
Revealed Preference and Location Choice

Abstract The assumption that population and structural densities are defined over parcels of land with zero area is problematic when interpreting the standard residential land use model as approximating a large finite economy. This paper extends revealed preference theory to depict a spatial economy with land parcels of finite area. The model generalizes the standard utility function approach, allowing for many consumer types with different tastes and incomes and labor-leisure choice, to show that the most important predictions of the standard theory hold in the general finite framework studied here.
The adverse hemodynamic effects of laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Recent studies suggest that significant physiologic derangements can occur during laparoscopic surgery. Eighteen patients admitted for laparoscopic cholecystectomy were studied. The mean age was 46.7 (range 19-78). A standard anesthetic technique, reverse Trendelenburg positioning, and an abdominal insufflation pressure of 15 mmHg with CO2 were used with all subjects. Central venous pressure (CVP) and arterial pressures were measured invasively. Stroke volume and cardiac index were calculated using quantitative transesophageal echocardiography. Baseline measurements were taken after induction. Additional measurements were taken at 15-min intervals throughout the procedure. There was a statistically significant increase in mean arterial pressure (15.9%), systolic blood pressure (11.3%), diastolic blood pressure (19.7%), and CVP (30.0%) from control baseline values. Significant decreases in stroke volume (29.5%) and cardiac index (29.5%) occurred within 30 min of the induction of pneumoperitoneum and positioning (P < 0.05, ANOVA). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy significantly and reversibly decreases cardiac performance. Compromised patients may be at increased risk for complications not previously recognized with this procedure.
Topical aldose reductase inhibitor formulations for effective lens drug delivery in a rat model for sugar cataracts.

Purpose: In the topical delivery of drugs to the lens, drug retention on the eye surface is considered to be important because increased retention on the ocular surface should lead to increased ocu...
Vilkovisky-DeWitt effective potential for higher-derivative gravity coupled to scalars.

Using a four-parameter family of gauges, the one-loop Vilkovisky-DeWitt effective potential for higher-derivative gravity coupled to scalars about a flat background spacetime is constructed. It is shown explicitly to be independent of the gauge parameters. The effective potential is then evaluated at finite temperature which is used to investigate the possibility of inducing Einstein gravity spontaneously. The critical temperature for this phase transition is also estimated. This phase transition, if it exists, will occur in the early Universe between the grand-unified-theory and the Planck scales, and may be a candidate for the primordial inflationary universe scenario.
Evolution of roll waves running down an inclined plane

Abstract The method of fluid sheets is used to study the flow of a linear viscous fluid down an inclined plane. The linear stability of the steady Nusselt flow and the nonlinear evolution of large-amplitude waves are examined. The results from linear stability analysis agree very well with experimental data and other theoretical investigations. A finite-difference scheme is used to examine the evolution of nonlinear finite-amplitude waves. The dynamic nonlinear behavior seen experimentally is predicted, including phenomena not previously reported in other theoretical investigations, such as decreasing wave heights, wave breaking and the breakdown of an initially solitary disturbance into a series of waves. The computed wave forms include large-amplitude waves and capillary ripples running in front of them.
Differential Regulation of Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) by the p53 Family: p73-DEPENDENT INDUCTION OF VDR UPON DNA DAMAGE *

p63 and p73, members of the p53 family, have been shown to be functionally distinct from p53. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a ligand (vitamin D3)-dependent transcription factor, which is shown to play a major role in calcium homeostasis and keratinocyte differentiation. Vitamin D and its analogues in combination with DNA-damaging agents are extensively used for cancer chemotherapy. In this report, we examined whether p53 affects p63-mediated induction of VDR and studied the effect of DNA damage on VDR induction in p53 null cell lines. Our results demonstrate that p53 itself does not induce VDR expression, nor does it affect p63-mediated VDR induction in the cell lines tested in this study. Furthermore, we observed p53-independent activation of VDR upon DNA damage and associated the induction of VDR to p73. We have demonstrated that ectopic expression of various p73 isoforms can induce VDR expression. Inhibition of p73 in cells treated with DNA-damaging agents exhibited decreased VDR expression. Finally, we show that upon DNA damage, induction of VDR sensitizes the cells to vitamin D treatment. In conclusion, our results indicate that VDR is regulated by p63 and p73 and that the induction of VDR expression upon DNA damage is p73-dependent.
Selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidases from ovine and bovine erythrocytes occur as longer chain forms than previously recognized

Abstract From the cDNA sequence of bovine glutathione peroxidase [ G. T. Mullenbach, A. Tabrizi, B. D. Irvine, G. I. Bell, J. A. Tainer, and R. A. Hallewell (1988) Protein Eng. 2, 239–246 ], it is known that the full transcript represents a 205-residue protein with the N-terminal sequence MCAAQRSAAALAAAAPRTV. However, a protein primary structure determination on what is believed to be the mature protein showed an N-terminal sequence of AAALAAAAPRTV [W. A. Gunzler, G. J. Steffens, A. Grossmann, S. A. Kim, F.Otting, A. Wendel, and L. Flohe(1984) Hoppe-Seyler's Z. Physiol. Chem. 365, 195–212] , suggesting processing of the N-terminal 7 residues to give the mature protein. It is shown here that the normal form of bovine erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase is most likely the full transcript lacking the N-terminal methionine, and that subsequent proteolysis during isolation results in formation first of the form characterized by Gunzler et al. and then of two slightly smaller species, the smaller of which appears to be similar to that examined crystallographically [O. Epp, R. Ladenstein, and A. Wendel (1983) Eur. J. Biochem. 133, 51–69] . For ovine erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase the same behavior is seen, with initial isolation of a high-molecular-weight form that is subsequently proteolyzed to two intermediate forms and a final form that migrates at the same position on acrylamide gels as the lowest-molecular-weight form of the bovine enzyme. The contaminating protease can be inhibited by the addition of 10 m m EDTA, suggesting that it is a metalloprotease. Activity measurements on the intact and processed forms of the ovine enzyme show no significant differences with both hydrogen peroxide and t-butyl hydroperoxide as substrates. These results suggest that both bovine and ovine erythrocyte glutathione peroxidases consist of a globular core that is relatively resistant to proteolysis and an N-terminal tail of approximately 17 residues that seems to be exposed and is very sensitive to proteolysis. This tail, which contains many hydrophobic residues, is predicted to be largely α-helical and may be involved in anchoring the enzyme at or close to the membrane surface.
Sensitivity analysis in non-inferiority trials with residual inconstancy after covariate adjustment

Summary A major issue in non-inferiority trials is the controversial assumption of constancy, namely that the active control has the same effect relative to placebo as in previous studies comparing the active control with placebo. The constancy assumption is often in doubt, which has motivated various methods that ‘discount’ the control effect estimate from historical data as well as methods that adjust for imbalances in observed covariates. We develop a new approach to deal with residual inconstancy, i.e. possible violations of the constancy assumption due to imbalances in unmeasured covariates after adjusting for the measured covariates. We characterize the extent of residual inconstancy under a generalized linear model framework and use the results to obtain fully adjusted estimates of the control effect in the current study based on plausible assumptions about an unmeasured covariate. Because such assumptions may be difficult to justify, we propose a sensitivity analysis approach that covers a range of situations. This approach is developed for indirect comparison with placebo and effect retention, and implemented through additive and multiplicative adjustments. The approach proposed is applied to two examples concerning benign prostate hyperplasia and human immunodeficiency virus infection, and evaluated in simulation studies.
Biorthogonal wavelets of maximum coding gain through Pseudoframes for Subspaces

A method for designing a signal-adapted, two-channel biorthogonal wavelet filter bank that maximizes coding gain is presented using the technique of Pseudoframes for Subspaces (PFFS). At the same time the PFFS model is able to incorporate the requirements of regularity and perfect reconstruction into this design. The coding gain achieved for AR(2) signals can result in a reduction in bit rate of more than 0.66 bits per sample as compared to traditional biorthogonal wavelet filter banks of the same length. The ability for PFFS to combine all of these design elements using an unconstrained optimization parameter makes pursuing this technique worthwhile.
Chromosome Morphology in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) at the Diplotene Stage of Meiosis

Meiotic chromosomes of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) were stained with 45% iron propionic carmine to study changes in morphology during the condensation process at the diplotene stage. Chromosome morphology was studied with a stereo dissecting microscope at 20×using contact sheet prints of photomicrographs taken with a phase contrast system at 1000×. The banding patterns of each chromosome are unique and can be used to identify that chromosome at diplotene. The relative chromosome length can only be used to separate the chromosomes into long and short classes because of the differential condensation rates of chromatic and achromatic chromosome segments. A set of diplotene chromosome diagrams is provided.
Manure management in a 700-head swine finishing unit in the American Midwest: An integrated system incorporating hydraulic manure transport with recycled anaerobic lagoon liquor and final effluent use by corn (Zea Mays)

Abstract Intensive livestock production in confined-housing units has led to a need for new manurehandling technology. A system that has received extensive field testing in the midwestern states of the U.S. has been anaerobic lagooning, with use of a renovated water for hydraulic manure transport. The hydraulic aspects of manure flushing were reviewed briefly before discussing the anaerobic lagoon as a biological treatment unit. Methods of applying excess water accumulations to fertile cropland were reviewed before reporting data describing the uptake of selected metals in the grain and leaves of the corn plant (Zea mays).
Short-term physical limitations in children following motor vehicle crashes.

This study describes frequency of injury and short-term physical limitation among child occupants or=1 physical limitations. Limitations increased with age, from 0.7% for children or=2 injuries, the proportion with physical limitations ranged from 58% to 91% depending on injury diagnosis. Among children with whiplash, 47% resulted in physical limitations. Suboptimally restrained children were nearly twice as likely to have a limitation compared to optimally restrained children. After adjusting for driver characteristics and vehicle type, child's age, restraint use, and type of initial impact were independently associated with the presence of physical limitations. Our results show the importance of assessing children for physical limitations following motor vehicle crashes. We also observed that children with whiplash were at risk for physical limitations.
ECONOMIES OF SCALE AND ENTRY IN SPATIAL MARKETS

For the purposes of simplicity, short-run cost functions are widely used in spatial markets literature, even when the long-run effects of entry are in question. In this paper, I show that if a long-run cost function is incorporated into a Loschian model, counter-intuitive and novel performance characteristics can result. Under some circumstances welfare per area can decrease as cost levels decrease.
Controlled entry of orally administereddrugs: physiological considerations

AbstractPhysiological considerations bearing on the controlle entry into the systemic circulation of orally administered drugs in healthy man are reviewed. The most desirable site for drug absorption is the sterile portion of the small intestine, so that the time “window” available for absorption is not greater than the minimum small intestinal residence time in this segment. This appears to vary widely between individuals. Methodology for sampling intestinal content and for defining the fraction absorbed and the physical state of an administered drug are summarized. Small intestinal transit and gastric emptying rates are now estimated in man by imaging techniques using Tc99m labeled sulfur colloids. Small intestinal transit may also be estimated non-invasively by measuring breath H2 after administration of a meal containing a non-absorbable disaccharide such as lactulose, but the validity of such a method is uncertain because of the acceleration of intestinal transit by lactulose. The major determinants ...
Diagnosis of periodontal manifestations of systemic diseases.

Summary Many systemic diseases can mimic periodontitis or gingivitis. These include many immunologic, infectious, neoplastic and metabolic disorders. In comparison with periodontitis and gingivitis, these disorders are considerably less common. However, since their diagnosis and management differ, a high index of suspicion is frequently needed when confronted a patient presenting with gingival or periodontal disease. This chapter has reviewed a number of systemic conditions that may mimic clinically both gingivitis and chronic periodontitis and has focused on the features that may assist the clinician in making the diagnosis and providing specific therapies.
Phosphorylated threonine as the covalent intermediate in snake venom phosphodiesterase

Abstract The covalent intermediate of snake venom phosphodiesterase has been isolated using thymidine 5′-[α- 32 P]triphosphate as substrate. Phosphoamino acid analysis of the labeled enzyme demonstrates that threonine is the active site residue forming the covalent intermediate. 5′-Nucleotide phosphodiesterase is the first enzyme reported to have an active site threonine forming a covalent intermediate.
Reversible stress changes at all stages of Volmer–Weber film growth

Stresses caused by Volmer–Weber growth of polycrystalline Cu films have been measured in situ during: Island nucleation and growth, island coalescence, and post-coalescence film thickening. Growth interruptions followed by resumption of growth resulted in the observation of reversible stress changes in all regimes. Reversible stress changes in the pre-coalescence and post-coalescence regimes are similar in that: The stress evolves in the tensile direction during growth interruptions, the initial rate of stress evolution is significantly faster when growth is resumed than when growth is first interrupted, and the magnitude of the reversible stress change increases with increasing pre-interruption deposition rate. It is argued that reversible stress changes are associated with changes in adatom and other surface defect concentrations, corresponding with changes in the growth flux. It is shown that the change in stress-thickness product with changing film thickness (the instantaneous stress) can be related t...
The Effect of Farm Supply Shifts on Concentration and Market Power in the Food Processing Sector

In this paper we examine the marginal impact of changing farm supply on the market structure of the downstream food processing sector. We develop a theoretical model that allows for cost differences among processors and endogenizes downstream entry and exit. Comparative statics results are consistent with several well-established trends in the food processing sector. In particular, the analysis demonstrates that increasing concentration in the food processing sector is consistent with decreasing market power. Indeed, we find that when the farm supply curve shifts outward, an increase in concentration can only occur when there is a decrease in market power.
Beitrag zur Methodik der Messung von Lochfraßpotentialen an austenitischen Chrom-Nickel-Stählen

Reproduzierbare Werte des Lochfraspotentials und der Inkubationszeit erhalt man nur, wenn bei der Vorbehandlung der Proben bestimmte Techniken eingehalten werden. Wenn die Proben zur Aufhangung teilweise abgedeckt werden sollen, mussen sie ohne die Abdeckung passiviert werden , da es sonst in der Grenzzone zwischen Abdeckung und Probenoberflache zu einer Art Spaltkorrosion kommen kann. Das Korrosionspotential liegt dort z.B. fur einen Stahl AISI 316 um 150 mV negativer als das eigentliche Lochfraspotential. In diesem Bereich tritt dann auch bei Erreichen des Lofraspotentials bevorzugte Auflosung ein. Passiviert man hingegen ohne Maske, so erreicht man gleichmasigen Lochfras uber die ganze unbedeckte Oberflache und kann auch das Lochfraspotential einwandfrei bestimmen. Dieses erweist sich als unabhangig von der Passivierungsdauer, wahrend die Inkubationszeit deutlich mit der Passivierungsdauer zunimmt. Contribution to the methodology of pitting corrosion potential measurement on austenitic chromium nickel steels Reproducible values of the pitting potential and the incubation period are obtained only when definite techniques are applied to the specimen preparation. When the specimens are to be masked for the purpose of suspension they must be passivated without this mask because otherwise there would occur some type of crevice corrosion in the boundary zone between mask and open specimen surface. The corrosion potential in this is more negative (by 150 mV for a steel AISI 316) the the pitting potential as such. Preferential dissolution occurs in this zone when the pitting potential is attained. When, on the other hand, the passivation is effected without the mask, uniform pitting is achieved across the whole free surface and the pitting potential may be measured without difficulty. This potential turns out to be independent from the duration of passivation, while the incubation period distinctly increases with passivation time.
Sorting unsorted and partially sorted lists using the natural merge sort

A version of the natural merge sort is shown to be an efficient method for both nearly sorted data and for random data. This method is compared with quickersort, 2-way merge sort, and Cook and Kim's method for various sortedness ratios.
An extension of the generalized Hermite-Biehler theorem: relaxation of earlier assumptions

A generalization of the classical Hermite-Biehler theorem was derived by the authors (1997) and shown to be useful for solving a number of fixed order and structure stabilization problems. This generalization, though adequate for solving these stabilization problems, required the assumption that the polynomial in question have no roots on the imaginary axis except for possibly a simple root at the origin. In this note, one result is extended to also allow roots on the imaginary axis: the main conclusion is that the roots, if any, at the origin modify the earlier theorem statement only very slightly while the other imaginary axis roots leave it unchanged. The extension presented here permits a clearer exposition of the stabilization results previously obtained.
Early Computing and Numerical Analysis at the National Bureau of Standards

By the mid-1950s, computing became a radically new, highly complex, capital-intensive technology - one which required resources that universities were unable and the companies were unwilling to provide. This article tells the story of one government agency, the National Bureau of Standards, whose efforts in those early years helped to bridge this gap and to initiate modern computing.
High-level delay test generation for modular circuits

Circuits containing functional blocks (modules) whose implementation details are not available pose major problems for delay fault testing. High-level testing methods are needed, but they often generate excessively large test sets to ensure good realization-independent fault coverage. This paper extends high-level delay fault models to large modular logic circuits by demonstrating that a hierarchical approach to delay test generation for modular circuits is feasible. Module implementation and input pattern pair requirements for robust delay testing are proposed along with a new fault model, the module path delay fault (MPDF) model. A test generation program called Module PATH delay test generator for MPDFs is presented, which exploits binary decision diagrams to increase its efficiency. Experimental results evaluating the proposed technique are presented, which show that it achieves a significant reduction in test set size compared to nonhierarchical approaches.
Developmental Processes Associated With Longitudinal Declines in Parental Responsibility and Adherence to Type 1 Diabetes Management Across Adolescence

Objective To identify whether changes in pubertal status and self-efficacy for diabetes management are associated with longitudinal declines in parental responsibility for diabetes, and to determine whether these factors moderate associations between declining parental responsibility and deteriorating adherence across adolescence. Methods Adolescents (N ¼252; 53.6% females) with type 1 diabetes, mothers, and 188 fathers participated in a 2.5-year longitudinal study. Self-reports of pubertal status, adolescent efficacy, parental responsibility, and adherence were completed every 6 months (6 time points). Results Latent growth curve modeling revealed that longitudinal increases in efficacy and pubertal maturation were uniquely associated with longitudinal declines in parental responsibility. Declines in parental responsibility were related to deterioration in adherence especially when adolescents did not report concomitant growth in self-efficacy. Conclusions Transfer of responsibility for diabetes management across adolescence may be more optimal when adolescents’ increased independence is titrated to their changing self-efficacy beliefs.
General and efficient locking without blocking

Standard concurrency control mechanisms offer a trade-off: Transactional memory approaches maximize concurrency, but suffer high overheads and cost for retrying in the case of actual contention. Locking offers lower overheads, but typically reduces concurrency due to the difficulty of associating locks with the exact data that need to be accessed. Moreover, locking allows irreversible operations, is ubiquitous in legacy software, and seems unlikely to ever be completely supplanted.We believe that the trade-off between transactions and (blocking) locks has not been sufficiently exploited to obtain a "best of both worlds" mechanism, although the main components have been identified. Mechanisms for converting locks to atomic sections (which can abort and retry) have already been proposed in the literature: Rajwar and Goodman's "lock elision" (at the hardware level) and Welc et al.'s hybrid monitors (at the software level) are the best known representatives. Nevertheless, these approaches admit improvements on both the generality and the performance front. In this position paper we present two ideas. First, we discuss an adaptive criterion for switching from a locking to a transactional implementation, and back to a locking implementation if the transactional one appears to be introducing overhead for no gain in concurrency. Second, we discuss the issues arising when locks are nested. Contrary to assertions in past work, transforming locks into transactions can be incorrect in the presence of nesting. We explain the problem and provide a precise condition for safety.
Nebulized Cortisone in Bacterial Pneumonia

A patient with Type VII pneumococcic pneumonia who was given Cortisone by inhalation is presented. 1) Cortisone inhalation appears to be as effective as parenteral administration. 2) The reaction of the host to the disease was favorably influenced. 3) The bacterial agent was not influenced. 4) Additional comfort and security may be afforded the critically ill patient by the use of Cortisone.
Cosmeceuticals and natural products: wound healing

Despite several technologic and strategic advances in the field, wound care has returned to the roots of medicine and embraced some of the remedies used millennia ago. Some of the many potentially beneficial natural products include the β-glucans, honey, aloe, cocoa, and oak bark extracts. There has recently been a surge of interest for their possible roles in wound healing.
A-β- subtype of ketosis-prone diabetes is not predominantly a monogenic diabetic syndrome.

OBJECTIVE Ketosis-prone diabetes (KPD) is an emerging syndrome that encompasses several distinct phenotypic subgroups that share a predisposition to diabetic ketoacidosis. We investigated whether the A−β− subgroup of KPD, characterized by complete insulin dependence, absent β-cell functional reserve, lack of islet cell autoantibodies, and strong family history of type 2 diabetes, represents a monogenic form of diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Over 8 years, 37 patients with an A−β− phenotype were identified in our longitudinally followed cohort of KPD patients. Seven genes, including hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A ( HNF4A ), glucokinase ( GCK ), HNF1A , pancreas duodenal homeobox 1 ( PDX1 ), HNF1B , neurogenic differentiation 1 ( NEUROD1 ), and PAX4 , were directly sequenced in all patients. Selected gene regions were also sequenced in healthy, unrelated ethnically matched control subjects, consisting of 84 African American, 96 Caucasian, and 95 Hispanic subjects. RESULTS The majority (70%) of the A−β− KPD patients had no significant causal polymorphisms in either the proximal promoter or coding regions of the seven genes. The combination of six potentially significant low-frequency, heterozygous sequence variants in HNF-1α (A174V or G574S), PDX1 (putative 5′–untranslated region CCAAT box, P33T, or P239Q), or PAX4 (R133W) were found in 27% (10/37) of patients, with one additional patient revealing two variants, PDX1 P33T and PAX4 R133W. The A174V variant has not been previously reported. CONCLUSIONS Despite its well-circumscribed, robust, and distinctive phenotype of severe, nonautoimmune-mediated β-cell dysfunction, A−β− KPD is most likely not a predominantly monogenic diabetic syndrome. Several A−β− KPD patients have low-frequency variants in HNF1A , PDX1 , or PAX4 genes, which may be of functional significance in their pathophysiology.
Non-intrusive testing methodology for CMOS RF LNAs

This paper proposes a non-intrusive testing methodology for CMOS RF LNAs using the gain of the LNA as a test response to examine the effects of a particular set of spot defects. The impact of four types of resistive bridging faults is analyzed on a practical LNA example. A performance threshold for each fault location is established. Initial results show not only that the use of an ADC is possible, but also that it is a highly accurate device for testing CMOS LNAs. A discussion about both the strengths and limitations of this approach is also included.
Reductive deuteration of ketones, benzhydrols, α,β-unsaturated ketones, and aryl alkenes by deuterium iodide in acetic acid

Reduction of substituted benzophenones, benzhydrols, diaryl alkenes, and benzylideneacetophenones with D3PO2 in DOAc in the presence of a small amount of iodine results in reduction to the corresponding alkanes efficiently, relatively inexpensively, and with regioselective incorporation of deuterium. Isotopic exchange results in incorporation of more than the expected amount of deuterium with the last two classes of compound.
α,β-unsaturated ketones. III. Copolymers of perfluoroalkyl propenyl ketones with dienes

The preparation and properties of copolymers of three perfluoroalkyl propenyl ketones with different 1,3-dienes are described. Emulsion copolymerization at 50°C. and at 5°C. of perfluoromethyl, perfluoropropyl, and perfluoroheptyl propenyl ketones with 1,3-dienes, such as butadiene, 1, 1,2-trifluoro-3-chlorobutadiene, 1,1,2-trifluorobutadiene, and isoprene, has been accomplished and many of the products have exhibited elastomeric properties. Attempted copolymerization of perfluoropropyl propenyl ketone with 1,1,2-trifluoro-3,4,4-trichlorobutadiene or 1,1,2-trifluoro-3,4-dichlorobutadiene did not yield any polymeric products at either 50°C. or at 5°C. Qualitative determinations of thermal stability and solvent resistance have been made for some of the ketone/diene copolymers for comparison with commercial cold GR-S rubber.
Surgical outcome in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract

PURPOSE: Incidence of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) has shown a dramatic increase, concurrent with the epidemic of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In terms of surgical intervention, management of the patient with AIDS-NHL remains unclear. Purpose of this paper was to determine the role and outcome of surgical intervention in patients with AIDS-NHL of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. METHODS: Data were obtained by retrospective chart review. RESULTS: From 1980 to 1993, charts of 22 patients with diagnosis of AIDS-NHL of the GI tract who underwent either biopsy or surgical procedure were reviewed. All patients were male, with a mean age of 35.7 years. Sixtyseven biopsies were performed in the 22 patients identified. No morbidity or mortality was associated with any of the biopsy procedures. Major intra-abdominal operations were performed in eight patients, including seven who underwent primary resections of lymphomas. Mean survival for the group as a whole was 18 months, although that for the seven patients undergoing resection was 20.4 months. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of AIDS-NHL of the GI tract should not discourage performance of otherwise appropriate surgical procedures.
A North American Community

of January 1994. If one judges a free trade area by the size of its output and territory, North America became the largest in the world, larger than the European Union. Yet that fact escaped all but a few analysts. It is widely known that the United States has the world’s largest economy, but North America also includes the eighth (Canada) and ninth (Mexico) largest economies (The Economist, 2003: 24). Within a decade, trade and investment among the three countries had nearly tripled, and North America had achieved a level of integration (defined as intra-regional trade as a percent of world trade) that approached Europe’s (58 percent as compared to 61 percent). In other words, North America is no longer just a geographical expression. It has become a formidable, integrated region, comparable in some respects to the European Union. And yet few in North America or outside view the region as anything more than three sovereign countries: a global superpower and two uncomfortable neighbors. It is not hard to explain this perception. The United States accounts for 85 percent of the region’s gross output and a much higher percentage of the region’s military power and reach. The other two countries of North America are very dependent on the United States economically, and partly because of that, have used their foreign policies to define their distance and separateness from it. NAFTA, which can be considered a kind of draft constitution for an emerging region, dismantled most trade and investment barriers and accelerated social and economic integration. That compelling fact and the security implications that flow from September 11 brought the leaders of the three North American countries together for a summit in
Penetrating injuries to the aerodigestive tract

Although not all penetrating injuries to the neck need operative intervention, most patients with an aerodigestive tract injury should undergo operative repair. After initial stabilization of airway, breathing and circulation, a simple diagnostic approach should identify most patients with injuries. Most patients require simple repairs of injuries to the cervical oesophagus or trachea. Basic principles of proper exposure, debridement and tension free closures should provide the best outcomes and lowest complication rates.
Plastic deformation drives wrinkling, saddling, and wedging of annular bilayer nanostructures

We describe the spontaneous wrinkling, saddling, and wedging of metallic, annular bilayer nanostructures driven by grain coalescence in one of the layers. Experiments revealed these different outcomes based on the dimensions of the annuli, and we find that the essential features are captured using finite element simulations of the plastic deformation in the metal bilayers. Our results show that the dimensions and nanomechanics associated with the plastic deformation of planar nanostructures can be important in forming complex three-dimensional nanostructures.
Skin and hair reflectance in women with red hair.

Skin and hair reflectance were measured with the Photovolt spectrophotometer in 33 young women with red hair. Four skin sites were measured: forehead, cheek, inner arm and shoulder. A subsample of ...