cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute Myeloid Leukemia: FLT3/NPM1

A 74-year-old male was found to have pancytopenia with low vitamin B12 levels on routine physical exam with his primary care physician. He complained of increasing fatigue over the last several months, which he attributed to his advancing age, but otherwise felt well. The patient denied any other symptoms. Pertinent family history revealed that his father died of acute leukemia at the age of 66 and his mother died at age 78 with heart complications and possible chronic lymphocytic leukemia. His primary care physician attempted to treat him with vitamin B12 in an effort to address the low levels, but there was no response. For additional assessment of his pancytopenia, the patient was referred to a hematologist who ordered laboratory studies to evaluate his peripheral blood and bone marrow. A complete blood count (CBC) showed megaloblastic anemia, a critically low white blood cell count, and thrombocytopenia. Upon review of the peripheral smear, the pathologist noted moderate anisopoikilocytosis of the red cells and rare circulating blasts. On aspirate smear, an increase in blasts was identified comprising approximately 30% of total nucleated cells. Erythroid precursors were markedly decreased. The core biopsy of the bone marrow correlated with these findings and showed decreased marrow cellularity of approximately 10%. A patchy interstitial increase in blasts was noted, comprising approximately 20% of total nucleated cells. Megakaryocytes were also decreased. Flow cytometric analysis on bone marrow revealed a distinct population of cells, comprising 20% of the total sample which expressed CD13, CD33 (low density), CD34, CD38, CD117, HLA-DR, and CD 45 (low density).
Machine Learning Approach to Cyber Security in Aviation

This paper describes a set of real-world potential cyber threats in the aviation industry. Various Machine Learning approaches are available to address security issues in this context. Given the growing number of cyber threats, machine learning has become a promising approach to identify and immunize against such threats.
Blurred Borderlands: Sustainability and the Urban/Nature Divide at the Frick Environmental Center

Sustainable development is rhetorically framed as exhibiting natural processes, reflected both symbolically and materially. Taking the Frick Environmental Center of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania as a rh...
Joint Radar Amplifier Circuit and Waveform Optimization for Ambiguity Function, Power-Added Efficiency, and Spectral Compliance

Future radar transmitters must be adaptive and reconfigurable in real time to be able to share spectrum dynamically with wireless communications. We demonstrate the joint, back-and-forth optimization of the radar transmitter waveform and circuitry in a combined algorithm that can be used for real-time reconfiguration. While previously developed methods consider the waveform and circuit separately, resulting in emphasis on one of the criteria [ambiguity function (AF) or power efficiency], we show that the joint optimization of the circuit and waveform allows both the radar AF and circuit power-added efficiency (PAE) criteria to be gradually improved during the optimization. Measurement results are presented and analyzed to assess the convergence of the PAE and AF least-squares error, as compared to the AF template during an optimization under spectral mask and peak-to-average power ratio constraints.
Heterogeneous Impacts Across Schools in the First Four Years of the Louisiana Scholarship Program

The Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP) is a school voucher initiative that offers publicly- funded scholarships to students from economically-disadvantaged families to attend a participating private school of their choice. While school choice theory suggests that market- based reforms such as the LSP should improve student outcomes, experimental evaluations of the program instead find significant negative effects of the program on math and reading scores after its first year. Those effects diminish to insignificant differences by the end of the third year before becoming negative again in the fourth year. Our study builds on previous work with an exploratory analysis of the variation in treatment effects across 13 school characteristics in the first four years of the program. In general, we do not observe effect heterogeneity across school characteristics, though we find evidence suggesting students who preferred larger schools, schools with higher tuition, and schools with longer school days experienced more favorable impacts from participating in the LSP relative to their peers who did not prefer such schools.
Streaming Fact Extraction for Wikipedia Entities at Web-Scale.

Wikipedia.org is the largest online resource for free information and is maintained by a small number of volunteer editors. The site contains 4.3 million en- glish articles; these pages can easily be neglected, be- coming out of date. Any news-worthy event may re- quire an update of several pages. To address this is- sue of stale articles we create a system that reads in a stream diverse web documents and recommends facts to be added to specified Wikipedia pages. We devel- oped a three-stage streaming system that creates mod- els of Wikipedia pages, filters out irrelevant documents and extracts facts that are relevant to Wikipedia pages. The systems is evaluated over a 500M page web corpus and 139 Wikipedia pages. Our results show a promising framework for fast fact extraction from arbitrary web pages for Wikipedia.
Demonstration of vibration control using a compliant parallel arm mechanism

There is still a demand for compact, portable, low-cost laboratory equipment for undergraduate engineering students, since turn-key systems are expensive and require substantial lab space. We propo...
Assessment of transmission risk in WSSV-infected shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei upon cooking.

White spot syndrome virus has been a threat to the global shrimp industry since it was discovered in Taiwan in 1992. Thus, shrimp-producing countries have launched regulations to prevent import of WSSV-infected commodity shrimp from endemic areas. Recently, cooked shrimp that is infected with WSSV tested positive by PCR. However, there is no study to determine the infectivity of WSSV in cooked shrimp that tested positive by PCR. In the present study, WSSV-infected shrimp were cooked at boiling temperature for different times including 0, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 30 min. Upon exposure to boiling temperature, WSSV-infected shrimp were fed to SPF shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The result showed experimentally challenged shrimp from 0-min treatment (positive control) indeed got infected with WSSV. However, experimentally challenged shrimp that were fed tissues boiled at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 30 min were not infected with WSSV. Mortality data showed that only the positive control (0-min) treatment displayed high mortality, whereas no mortality was observed in any other treatment category. These findings suggest that cooking shrimp at boiling temperature for at least 1 min might prevent any potential spread of WSSV from endemic countries to other geographical areas where WSSV has not yet been reported.
Characterization of the tumor microenvironment landscape and deep learning-guided prediction of prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma with bulk RNA sequencing data.

e21025Background: The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays an important role in tumor progression and treatment response, therefore profoundly affecting patient outcomes. Efforts to characterize the ...
Use of a Confidential Note Type in Adolescent Outpatient Clinic Visits

Purpose With the rise of Electronic Health Record (EHR) adoption in the United States, healthcare organizations have implemented patient portal functionality to fulfill government regulations and promote the “meaningful use” of EHRs. Some institutions enable both patients and caregivers to read outpatient clinician progress notes through this secure patient portal. The concept of shared access can pose significant challenges regarding maintaining privacy and confidentiality for the adolescent patient. Our academic pediatric institution has enabled a ‘Confidential’ note type which allows outpatient clinic providers to disable note access in the patient portal for patients and …
Accurate power density map estimation for commercial multi-core microprocessors

In this work, we propose an accurate full chip steady-state power density map estimation method for the commercial multi-core microprocessors. The new approach is based on the measured steady-state thermal maps (images) from an advanced infrared (IR) thermal imaging system to ensure its accuracy. The new method consists of a few steps. First, based on the first principle of heat transfer, 2D spatial Laplace operation is performed on the given thermal map to obtain the so-called raw power density map, which consists of both positive and negative values due to the steady-state nature and boundary conditions of the microprocessors. Then based on the total power of the microprocessor from an online CPU monitoring tool, we develop a novel scheme to generate the actual real positive- only power density map from the raw power density map. At the same time, we develop a novel approach to estimating the effective thermal conductivity of the microprocessors. To further validate the power density map and the estimated actual thermal conductivity of the microprocessors, we construct a thermal model with COMSOL, which mimics the real experimental set up of measurement used in the IR imaging system. Then we compute the thermal maps from the estimated power density maps to ensure the computed thermal maps match the measured thermal maps using FEM method. Experimental results on intel i7-8650U 4-core processor show 1.8°C root-mean-square- error (RMSE) and 96% similarity (2D correlation) between the computed thermal maps and the measured thermal maps.
Abstract B41: Racial/ethnic disparities in epithelial ovarian cancer and its risk factors: The Multiethnic Cohort Study

Background: Age-adjusted incidence rates of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are highest rates in White and Hispanic women, and lower in African American and Asian/Pacific Islander women. We investigated the extent to which reproductive and lifestyle factors explain racial/ethnic differences in EOC risk among White, African American, Native Hawaiian, Japanese American, and Hispanic women in the Multiethnic Cohort (MEC) Study. Methods: The study included 91,682 participants who completed a baseline questionnaire on hormone-related and other lifestyle factors. Incident invasive EOC cases were identified from tumor registries. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between (1) race/ethnicity and EOC risk and (2) hormone-related factors and EOC risk across racial/ethnic groups. Exposures included parity, ages at first birth, menarche, and natural menopause, menopausal status, exogenous hormone use, and body mass index. Models were adjusted for age, menopausal status, parity, and oral contraceptive (OC) use. Results: During a median of 20 years of follow-up, 155 EOC cases occurred among Whites, 93 among African Americans, 57 among Native Hawaiians, 161 among Japanese Americans, and 141 among Latinas. Compared to Whites, African Americans and Japanese Americans had a lower EOC risk (HR 0.74 [CI 0.57-0.97] and HR 0.79 [CI 0.63-0.99], respectively) while Native Hawaiians had a suggestive higher risk (HR 1.36 [CI 0.99-1.85]). EOC risk in Latinas did not differ from that in Whites (HR 0.97 [CI 0.76-1.22]). Parity and OC use were significantly inversely associated with EOC risk in the full population. These risk patterns were observed across race/ethnicity (pint ≥0.43), with the strongest inverse associations among Japanese Americans (≥4 vs. 0 children, HR 0.45 [CI 0.26-0.79], ptrend Conclusion: Our results suggest that differences in risk among ethnic groups were not fully explained by established risk factors and differences in risk remained, with increased risk observed in Native Hawaiians and lower risk in Latinas and Japanese Americans, compared to Whites. EOC is a rare disease, and case numbers limited our ability to further explore associations across the racial/ethnic groups in the MEC study. Citation Format: Danja Sarink, Song Yi Park, Loic Le Marchand, Kami White, Brenda Hernandez, Lynne Wilkens, V. Wendy Setiawan, Anna Wu, Melissa A. Merritt. Racial/ethnic disparities in epithelial ovarian cancer and its risk factors: The Multiethnic Cohort Study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr B41.
Gastrointestinal Helminths from Three Species of Frogs, Meristogenys orphnocnemis, M. poecilus, and M. whiteheadi (Anura: Ranidae) from Borneo, Malaysia

Three species of Meristogenys frogs (Ranidae) from Borneo, Malaysia were examined for helminths: Meristogenys orphnocnemis (n = 8), M. poecilus (n = 5), and M. whiteheadi (n = 8). We found three species of Nematoda: Cosmocerca ornata, Rhabdias multiproles, and Abbreviata sp. (larvae in cysts). Both C. ornata and R. multiproles are old world in distribution. The most numerous helminths were Abbreviata sp. in M. whiteheadi. The three species of Meristogenys are parasitized by generalist helminths that also infect other species of anurans. Five new host records are reported.
Characterization of influenza vaccination recommendation across spatial scales in the United States

The US public health system is organized in 3 levels: national, state-level, and county-level. Public health messaging both within and across these scales may not always be consistent, and for transmissible public health threats where cases in one spatial location may impact other areas, this lack of consistency could create problems. Here, we collected and analyzed data on influenza vaccination recommendations across public health administration levels. We assess spatial heterogeneity at the county level, and analyze consistency in recommendations across spatial scales. We also compare information accessibility with influenza vaccine affordability and availability to identify factors that may be most related to vaccine uptake. We find that influenza vaccine recommendations are highly variable in both their priority group specificity and in their ease of access, and there is poor agreement across spatial scales. This lack of consistency results in a lack of clear relationship between vaccination information and vaccine uptake. This work highlights the need for greater consistency in specific, easily accessed public health information from trusted sources.
Defining Healthcare Entrepreneurship: A Delphi Study

Healthcare entrepreneurship is a growing area of interest for researchers and practitioners in entrepreneurship and healthcare alike. Given the global pandemic and COVID-19, we have recently seen a...
Costs and Effects of Vitamin C Supplementation for Pregnant Smokers to Improve Offspring Lung Function at Birth and Reduce Childhood Wheeze/Asthma

Purpose: Studies have shown that in utero smoke exposure can negatively impact fetal lung development and postnatal pulmonary function, thereby increasing susceptibility to wheezing/asthma throughout childhood. Supplemental vitamin C administered to women who are unable to quit smoking during pregnancy has been demonstrated to improve neonatal pulmonary function tests, decrease the incidence of wheezing in the first year of life, and thus reduce risk of asthma. Given that 12% of all pregnant women in the …
Public Investment in Home Health Care in the United States during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Win-Win Strategy

Home healthcare – to the elderly and those with chronic health conditions – is growing in importance in the COVID-19 pandemic era. In the United States, public investment in home healthcare can be a win-win strategy for public health and economic security. Yet, home healthcare has remained chronically underpaid and neglected in the policy response to the COVID- 19 crisis. This article examines the impacts of large-scale public investment in the home healthcare industry. It finds that such investment can stabilize employment for millions of low-income women and, through their renewed economic activity, create or stabilize employment in the sectors hardest hit by the pandemic and where low-income women are concentrated: non-home healthcare, food service, and retail. The study concludes it is crucial to push for robust investment in home healthcare as policymakers in the US consider major public support for a variety of industrial sectors.
Pathogenesis of Murine Coronavirus Infection

The murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), is actually a group of strains with various organ tropisms as well as pathogenic potentials. MHV strains may be divided into two groups according to general patterns of tropism. One group of strains is enterotropic; this includes MHV-D, -Y, -RI, -S/CDC, -LIVIM, and -DVIM. These are the viruses associated with infections of mouse colonies that generally produce infections confined to the gastrointestinal tract. The other major group contains polytropic strains, including MHV-1, -2, -3, -4 (or JHM), and -A59; experimental infections of rodents with these strains provide animal models for human diseases such as hepatitis and encephalitis, demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, and, most recently, respiratory disease such as severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). This chapter discusses primarily infections of the central nervous system (CNS) and the liver.
Sensitivity Analysis of Wing Aeroelastic Responses

Design for prevention of aeroelastic instability (that is, the critical speeds leading to aeroelastic instability lie outside the operating range) is an integral part of the wing design process. Availability of the sensitivity derivatives of the various critical speeds with respect to shape parameters of the wing could be very useful to a designer in the initial design phase, when several design changes are made and the shape of the final configuration is not yet frozen. These derivatives are also indispensable for a gradient-based optimization with aeroelastic constraints. In this study, flutter characteristic of a typical section in subsonic compressible flow is examined using a state-space unsteady aerodynamic representation. The sensitivity of the flutter speed of the typical section with respect to its mass and stiffness parameters, namely, mass ratio, static unbalance, radius of gyration, bending frequency, and torsional frequency is calculated analytically. A strip theory formulation is newly developed to represent the unsteady aerodynamic forces on a wing. This is coupled with an equivalent plate structural model and solved as an eigenvalue problem to determine the critical speed of the wing. Flutter analysis of the wing is also carried out using a lifting-surface subsonic kernel function aerodynamic theory (FAST) and an equivalent plate structural model. Finite element modeling of the wing is done using NASTRAN so that wing structures made of spars and ribs and top and bottom wing skins could be analyzed. The free vibration modes of the wing obtained from NASTRAN are input into FAST to compute the flutter speed. An equivalent plate model which incorporates first-order shear deformation theory is then examined so it can be used to model thick wings, where shear deformations are important. The sensitivity of natural frequencies to changes in shape parameters is obtained using ADIFOR. A simple optimization effort is made towards obtaining a minimum weight design of the wing, subject to flutter constraints, lift requirement constraints for level flight and side constraints on the planform parameters of the wing using the IMSL subroutine NCONG, which uses successive quadratic programming.
The Pharmacology and Clinical Use of the Antidepressants Vilazodone, Levomilnacipran, and Vortioxetine for Depression in the Elderly

Treatment of depression in the elderly is particularly challenging due to the relative scarcity of well-designed trials, atypical clinical presentations, and presence of multiple comorbidities, particularly cognitive impairment. While meta-analyses involving antidepressants have generally shown modest treatment benefits in this population, clinicians treating geriatric patients must be especially mindful of issues regarding polypharmacy, drug metabolism, and adverse event profiles. This article will examine the potential role in the elderly of the three latest antidepressants approved by the US Food and Drug Administration: vilazodone (January 2011), levomilnacipran (July 2013), and vortioxetine (September 2013). Thus far, vortioxetine was shown to be efficacious and tolerable in the elderly. Sub-group analyses involving vilazodone and levomilnacipran appear to show a similar efficacy in older compared with younger adults, although these are limited by small sample sizes. Issues related to pharmacodynamics, safety, tolerability, and the unique features associated with these drugs are further discussed.
American Women Authors and Literary Property, 1822–1869: Introduction: “Lady-Writers” and “Copyright, Authors, and Authorship” in Nineteenth-Century America

Not pay us for our toils of thought! The struggling of our brains! By old George Fox, the indignant blood Is lava in my veins! Shame on our country and its laws! Strike, let the Bastile [ sic ] fall! Down with the tyrant Publishers! Hurrah for Faneuil Hall! On October 10, 1847, the Saturday Evening Post published on its front page a group of poems, tales, and letters under the title “Copyright, Authors, and Authorship” by one of its regular contributors, Grace Greenwood (pseudonym of Sarah Jane Clarke, later Sarah Jane Lippincott). As the headnote “explains,” A short time since a friend of ours, a gentleman connected with the press, being in favor of an International Copyright Law, and feeling an interest in the encouragement of native genius by adequate pecuniary compensation, applied to many of our first authors for their opinions concerning these subjects, leaving them at liberty to embody their sentiments in the form of poems, letters, or sketches. But our friend, being called to the defence of his country, in the midst of his labors of love, left in our hands the important documents. It will be seen that the collection was not complete, several authors of note not having reported themselves; but such as it is, we give it to the public, to read and ponder and inwardly digest.
Attitudes towards weight management in cancer survivors (136.8)

A large proportion of cancer patients gain weight following cancer diagnosis and treatment, and tend to maintain an undesirable weight years after treatment completion. Undesirable weight gain has been shown to contribute to poor survival outcomes in several cancers. However, cancer survivors may not perceive weight status as important and thus may not be motivated to manage their weight. We conducted a survey to understand attitudes towards weight management in cancer patients and survivors who attended oncology outpatient clinics at Tufts Medical Center between July and November 2012. Over a half (56.5%) of the 209 subjects (mean age=58.3 years; mean BMI=27.9 kg/m2) indicated that they would like to lose weight, followed by those (34.4%) who would like to gain or maintain weight, and those (9.1%) who did not think about their weight. Old age was negatively associated with the attitudes towards weight loss (OR=0.8, 95% CI: 0.6-0.9 for five-year increase in age) while being long-term survivors (off-treatm...
Lattice segmentation and minimum Bayes risk discriminative training

Modeling approaches are presented that incorporate discriminative training procedures in segmental Minimum Bayes-Risk decoding (SMBR). SMBR is used to segment lattices produced by a general automatic speech recognition (ASR) system into sequences of separate decision problems involving small sets of confusable words. We discuss two approaches to incorporating these segmented lattices in discriminative training. We investigate the use of acoustic models specialized to discriminate between the competing words in these classes which are then applied in subsequent SMBR rescoring passes. Refinement of the search space that allows the use of specialized discriminative models is shown to be an improvement over rescoring with conventionally trained discriminative models.
ORIGINS OF MARINE PATTERNS OF BIODIVERSITY: SOME CORRELATES AND APPLICATIONS

Marine shelf diversity patterns correlate with macroecological features of basic importance that may play causal roles in macroevolution. We have investigated the glo- bal diversity pattern of living Bivalvia, which is dominated by the latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG), maintained by high tropical origination rates. Generic-level lineages expand poleward, chiefly through speciation, so that species richness within provinces and globally is positively correlated with generic geographical ranges. A gradient in diversity accom- modation progressively lowers both immigration and specia- tion rates in higher latitudes. The LDG correlates with seasonality of trophic resources but not with area; tropical provinces are not diverse because they are large but because they are tropical. A similar dynamic evidently underlays Jurassic and Carboniferous LDGs. Larval developmental modes correlate with the LDG and thus with resource sea- sonality, with tropical dominance of planktotrophs offset by increasing nonplanktotrophy to poleward. The acquisition of planktotrophy in several early Palaeozoic clades indicates a change in macroecological relationships during Cambrian and Ordovician radiations.
The NASA distributed observer network

The NASA Distributed Observer Network (DON) is a data presentation tool designed to put three dimensional (3D) simulations into a client-server environment for distribution and review. Based on multiplayer game engine technology, the DON software allows designers, engineers, and mission planners to collaborate on simulations from their desktops and laptops. The DON environment is decoupled from the authoritative sources used to create models and simulations, thus minimizing the need for clients to be physically located near those sources to view simulations.
3-O-methylglucose transport in soleus muscle of bacteremic rats

Basal and insulin-stimulated soleus muscle 3-O-[14C]methylglucose ([14C]-3-O-MG) transport was studied in vitro and in vivo during bacteremia in rats. Fasted rats were injected with Escherichia coli to produce bacteremia (B), and controls (C) received saline. In vitro studies using soleus muscles were carried out 8 or 12 h after bacterial injection, and transport was measured using the rate coefficient (lambda = min-1). Although insulin-stimulated (10 mU/ml) [14C]-3-O-MG transport was decreased in 12-h bacteremic rat muscles (lambda B = 0.041 +/- 0.003; lambda C = 0.055 +/- 0.002), the basal [14C]-3-O-MG transport rate coefficient was elevated (lambda B = 0.027 +/- 0.004; lambda C = 0.019 +/- 0.001). For in vivo studies, [14C]-3-O-MG with or without insulin was injected into rats 10-40 min prior to removing soleus muscles at 12 h postbacterial or postsaline injection. Transport was measured as the ratio of [14C]-3-O-MGintracell/[14C]-3-O-MGextracell. Basal ratios were not different and muscles from both control and bacteremic rats responded comparably to insulin with increased [14C]-3-O-MG transport during the initial 30 min. At 35-40 min postinsulin injection there was a further stimulation of [14C]-3-O-MG transport in control but not in 12-h bacteremic rat muscles. The changes in [14C]-3-O-MG transport observed in vitro and in vivo after 12 h of bacteremia may be due to circulating mediators and/or changes in membrane function.
EXPERIMENTAL OBSERVATION OF HIGH STRAIN RATE RESPONSES OF PORCINE BRAIN, LIVER, AND TENDON

High strain rate compression of soft tissues has recently gained attention due to its application in computational simulation of traumatic injuries. To understand high rate tissue behavior, a comparative study is needed to examine the biomechanical responses of multiple soft tissues. We hypothesized that the underlying mechanisms of soft tissue high rate compression is dependent upon water, microstructural organization, and extracellular matrix (ECM). Porcine brain, liver, and tendon, which have similar material density (brain: 1.05 g/cm3, liver: 1.06 g/cm3, and tendon: 1.12 g/cm3) and water content (brain: ~78%, liver: ~71–75%, and tendon: ~70%) but different cellularity and ECM properties, were subjected to polymeric split Hopkinson pressure bar (PSHPB) testing. Hydrated brain tissue, due to its high microstructural cavities (cavity area fraction = 0.49 ± 0.26) and low ECM content, had a high initial stress spike of 0.22 ± 0.12 MPa. Hydrated liver, with moderate microstructural cavities (cavity area fraction = 0.30 ± 0.07) and moderate ECM content, had a moderate stress spike of 0.10 ± 0.04 MPa. Hydrated tendon had low microstructural cavities (cavity area fraction = 0.03 ± 0.02) and high ECM content and had a minimal initial stress spike of 0.02 ± 0.01 MPa. Electron microscopy of the tissues' microstructural cavities revealed a first-order estimation of water content that was not bound to ECM (e.g., intracellular water). Linear regression analysis showed that the initial spike was highly correlated (r2 = 0.9532) with intracellular water. To understand the role of water in each tissue's response to high deformation, each soft tissue was completely dehydrated and subjected to the same PSHPB compression test. After removal of all the water, neither the brain, liver, nor tendon revealed an initial stress spike, implicating the essential nature of water in the initial responses of high-rate compression. These results suggest that cellular water and ECM content play a critical role in the biomechanical responses to high strain rate compression.
Eating Disorders in Adolescents and Older Children

1. Richard E. Kreipe, MD* 2. Carolyn P. Dukarm, MD† 1. 2. *Professor of Pediatrics and Chief, Division of Adolescent Medicine. 3. 4. †Senior Instructor in Pediatrics, Division of Adolescent Medicine, The University of Rochester School of Medicine, Rochester, NY. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. List the common features that eating disorders share. 2. Describe the hallmark of bulimia nervosa, including binge eating and its aftermath. 3. List diagnostic laboratory studies for eating disorders. 4. Describe the early treatment of anorexia nervosa. 5. Delineate the role of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of eating disorders. Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening conditions experienced with increasing frequency by older children and adolescents, especially females. These conditions share several features, including dysfunctional eating habits (frequently related to underlying psychosocial issues such as depression, low self-esteem, family dynamics, or environmental problems), disturbance in body image, and change in weight (ranging from extreme loss of weight in anorexia nervosa to fluctuation around a normal to moderately high weight in bulimia nervosa). The feeding patterns may extend from voluntary restriction of food intake to episodic binge eating (often with a compulsive quality) that may be associated with compensatory behaviors ranging from ritualistic exercise to self-induced vomiting. Excessive concerns about negative body image drive many of the daily behaviors exhibited by young people who have eating disorders, who also have few alternative coping mechanisms for various developmental concerns. Once these dysfunctional patterns are established, they can be very difficult to alter because they serve as coping mechanisms and have their own addictive qualities. The pediatric practitioner has a primary role in the early identification and treatment of mild eating disorders and a collaborative role with appropriate colleagues in adolescent medicine, developmental-behavioral pediatrics, psychology, psychiatry, nutrition, and physical therapy to help patients who have established or severe eating disorders. The often extreme weight loss seen in anorexia nervosa (AN) in combination with the associated medical complications facilitates recognition and the early initiation of treatment. Bulimia nervosa (BM) and binge eating disorder (BED) are more likely to …
Revealing Preferences: Why Gerrymanders are Hard to Prove, and What to Do about It

Gerrymandering requires illicit intent. We classify six proposed methods to infer the intent of a redistricting authority using a formal framework for causal inferences that encompasses the redistricting process from the release of census data to the adoption of a final plan. We argue all proposed techniques to detect gerrymandering can be classified within this formal framework. Courts have, at one time or another, weighed evidence using one or more of these methods to assess racial or partisan gerrymandering claims. We describe the assumptions underlying each method, raising some heretofore unarticulated critiques revealed by laying bare their assumptions. We then review how these methods were employed in the 2014 Florida district court ruling that the state legislature violated a state constitutional prohibition on partisan gerrymandering, and propose standards that advocacy groups and courts can impose upon redistricting authorities to ensure they are held accountable if they adopt a partisan gerrymander.
Resting-state hyperconnectivity of the anticorrelated intrinsic networks in schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings

RESTING-STATE HYPERCONNECTIVITY OF THE ANTICORRELATED INTRINSIC NETWORKS IN SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS AND THEIR UNAFFECTED SIBLINGS. Yoshio Kaneko and Zhening Liu. Department of Psychiatry, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, P.R. China. (Sponsored by Robert Rohrbaugh, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine). Abnormal connectivity of the intrinsic anticorrelated networks, the task-negative network (TNN) and task-positive network (TPN), is implicated in schizophrenia. Comparisons between schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings offer an opportunity to further understand illness susceptibility and pathophysiology. We hypothesized that schizophrenic patients would demonstrate hyperconnectivity in the intrinsic networks and that similar, but less pronounced, hyperconnectivity would be evident in the networks of the unaffected siblings. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were obtained from schizophrenic patients (n=25), their unaffected siblings (n=25), and healthy controls (n=25). The posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PCu) and right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were used as seed regions to identify the TNN and TPN. Interregional connectivity strengths were analyzed using overlapped intrinsic networks composed of regions common to the intrinsic networks of the three subject groups. In the TNN, schizophrenic patients alone demonstrated hyperconnectivity between the PCC/PCu and left inferior temporal gyrus and between the ventral medial prefrontal cortex and the right lateral parietal cortex. Both schizophrenic patients and their unaffected siblings showed increased connectivity in the TNN between the bilateral inferior temporal gyri. In the TPN, schizophrenic patients showed hyperconnectivity between the left DLPFC and right inferior frontal gyrus relative to unaffected siblings, though this trend only approached statistical significance in comparison to healthy controls. Resting-state hyperconnectivity of the intrinsic networks may underlie the pathophysiology of schizophrenia by disrupting network coordination. Similar, though milder, hyperconnectivity in unaffected siblings of schizophrenic patients may contribute to their cognitive deficits and increased risk to develop schizophrenia.
BIOLOGY OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER AND THE ROLE OF COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY

The biology and treatment of esophageal cancer are being redefined both in the laboratory and in the clinic. The first part of this article highlights some of the pertinent issues with regard to the biology of squamous cell cancer of the esophagus (ESCCA). A dedicated review of Barrett's esophagus, the major precursor to the development of adenocarcinoma, is found elsewhere in this issue. The second part of the article summarizes the role of combined modality therapy.
Lensfree computational imaging

We review our progress on the development of computational lensfree on-chip microscopy and tomography techniques for biomedical imaging, microanalysis and telemedicine applications.
A comparison of the properties of FSH from several species as determined by a rat testis tubule receptor assay.

The activity of purified ovine, bovine, porcine, rabbit, rat, and equine pituitary FSH and PMSG were compared with that of human FSH in the hCG-augmented ovarian growth assay of Steelman and Pohley (S-P) and in a rat testes tubule tissue receptor assay (TRA). Each of the pituitary FSH fractions studied showed greater activity in the TRA than in the S-P assay. In the TRA, all response curves were parallel with the exception of that for equine pituitary FSH. Highly purified LH preparations of the same species as the FSH's tested, were also examined in the TRA. Ovine and bovine LH showed no detectable FSH activity, while LH from the other species examined showed low activity, which presumably was due to residual FSH contamination. PMSG was an exception in that it showed greater activity in the in vivo S-P assay than in the in vitro TRA. This unique relationship is attributed to the very long plasma half-life of PMSG compared to that of the other FSH fractions tested. The more general phenomenon of greater in vitro vs in vivo activity of the FSHs can be explained by the insensitivity of the TRA to factors of metabolism that influence complete expression of in vivo activity.
Surveys, Experiments, and the Landscape of International Political Economy

The contributions to this issue show that surveys and experiments offer exciting new tools for doing empirical research in international political economy (IPE). This essay cautions that the utilit...
Is an immune reaction required for malignant transformation and cancer growth

Increasing evidence has shown that probably all malignant mouse cells, even those of spontaneous sporadic cancers, are endowed with tumor-specific antigens. Stimulation of cancer growth, rather than inhibition by the immune reaction, is seemingly the prevalent effect in the animal of origin (the autochthonous animal). Small initial dosages of even strong tumor antigens tend to produce stimulatory immune reactions rather than tumor inhibition in any animal. Thus, an immune response at a low level may be an essential growth-driving feature of nascent cancers, and this may be why all cancers apparently have tumor-specific antigens. Inasmuch as a low level of immunity is stimulatory to tumor growth while larger dosages are inhibitory, immuno-selection via this low response may tend to keep the antitumor immune reaction weak and at a nearly maximal stimulatory level throughout most of a tumor’s existence. These facts suggest that both suppression of tumor immunity and a heightened immune reaction might each be therapeutic although very contrasting modalities.
Optimal control of a flexible server

We consider the dynamic scheduling of a multiclass queueing system with two servers, one dedicated (server 1) and one flexible (server 2), with no arrivals. Server 1 is dedicated to processing type-1 jobs while server 2 is primarily responsible for processing type-2 jobs but can also aid server 1 with its work. We address when it is optimal for server 2 to aid server 1 with type-1 jobs rather than process type-2 jobs. The objective is to minimize the total holding costs incurred until all jobs in the system are processed and leave the system. We show that the optimal policy can exhibit one of three possible structures: (i) an exhaustive policy for type-2 jobs, (ii) a nonincreasing switching curve in the number of type-1 jobs and (iii) a nondecreasing switching curve in the number of type-1 jobs. We characterize the necessary and sufficient conditions under which each policy will be optimal. We also explore the use of the optimal policy for the problem with no arrivals as a heuristic for the problem with dynamic arrivals.
Improved effective switching current (I EFF + ) and capacitance methodology for CMOS circuit performance prediction and model-to-hardware correlation

New effective drive current IEFF + methodologies are demonstrated in this paper to address predictability of circuit performance across wide Vt range and accuracy of effective resistance REFF prediction-to-hardware correlation. Two separate IEFF definitions are adopted for delay performance prediction (IEFF = [IH + IL]/2), and ring AC/DC prediction-tohardware correlation analysis (IEFF + = [1.15IH + IL + GDS,LIN* VDD/80]/2). IEFF + results in perfect matching in ring AC and DC effective resistance across SOI and bulk technologies. IEFF combined with Vt-dependent effective switching capacitance (CEFF_Delay) also leads to good match between predicted performance and spice simulation across wide Vt range using simple CMOS device parameters.
Post-traumatic stress disorder and illicit drug use in veterans presenting to primary care with alcohol misuse

AbstractAlcohol misuse and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are highly prevalent among veterans presenting to primary care. PTSD is associated with depression and increased substance use which can complicate the treatment of alcohol misuse. No studies have examined severity of depressive symptoms, rates and type of illicit drug use, and alcohol use severity in veterans with PTSD and alcohol misuse in primary care. Therefore, we examined (a) rates of PTSD and associated mental health comorbidities (depression, suicidal ideation), (b) current and lifetime illicit drug use and (c) alcohol use severity in relation to PTSD status in a sample of veterans presenting to primary care with alcohol misuse. We also tested the hypothesis that greater depressive symptoms, illicit drug use and alcohol use severity would be independently associated with greater likelihood of PTSD, after controlling for age and ethnicity. Veterans (N = 166) were recruited from primary care as part of an intervention study between the...
Optimal gateway selection in multi-domain wireless networks: a potential game perspective

We consider a coalition network where multiple groups are interconnected via wireless links. Gateway nodes are designated by each domain to achieve a network-wide interoperability. Due to the inter-domain communication cost, the optimal gateway selection for one single domain depends on the gateway selections of other domains and vice versa. In this paper, we investigate the interactions of gateway selections by multiple domains from a potential game perspective. The equilibrium inefficiency in terms of price of stability is characterized under various conditions. In addition, we examine the well-established equilibrium selective learning algorithm B-logit and show that B-logit is a special case of a general family of algorithms, denoted by Γ collectively. A novel learning algorithm named MAX-logit is proposed, which retains the favorable equilibrium selection property with the provably fastest convergence speed than any other algorithms in Γ, and can be applied to many other applications of potential games. Simulation results show that MAX-logit can improve the convergence speed of B-logit by up to 33.85%.
Social Labeling and the Foot-in-the-Door Effect

Summary The foot-in-the-door procedure, first experimentally proposed by Freedman and Fraser, increases compliance for a critical request by preceding it with an easier request. Self-perception theory has frequently been used to explain why the procedure is effective. Labeling of an individual's behavior by others also may influence that individual's self-concept. The present study combined a labeling technique with the foot-in-the-door procedure to see whether compliance would be altered. An easy request was first asked of individuals entering a university library, and after answering they were informed that their response was either helpful or not helpful. Control conditions were also carried out. With 120 university students serving as Ss, the results showed that a positive label produced significantly greater compliance, and a negative label produced significantly lower compliance, when compared to the typical (nonlabel) foot-in-the-door procedure.
Utilization of C20-polyunsaturated fatty acids by a yeast fatty acid desaturase mutant

Abstract A study was made of the utilization of C 20 -polyunsaturated fatty acids by the S. cerevisiae fatty acid desaturase mutant olel-1 , Arachidonic acid, 8,11,14-eicosatrienoic acid, and 5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid were about equally effective in supporting growth with lactate as the carbon source. The relative proportion of these fatty acids in total cell fatty acids was ca . 50%. 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid synthesized from oleate was less effective. Very little growth occurred with 11,14,17-eicosatrienoic acid or with 11,14-eicosadienoic acid. These results indicate the usefulness of the yeast mutant as a eucaryotic model for study of membrane systems enriched in specific C 20 -polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Iced saline lavage does not slow bleeding from experimental canine gastric ulcers.

The efficacy and safety of iced saline lavage for upper gastrointestinal bleeding is unproven. In this study, canine stomachs were lavagedin vivo to determine whether iced saline staunched bleeding from mechanically induced acute gastric ulcers. Each animal served as its own control. Bleeding rates were measured during an initial period of saline lavage at 37° C. Saline at 4° C, with or without added norepinephrine, was no more effective than saline at 37° C in decreasing the rate of gastric hemorrhage. These data do not support the clinical practice of lavaging with iced saline or norepinephrine-containing solutions in human gastric hemorrhage.
Inelastic wave mixing and multi-photon destructive interference based induced transparency in coherently prepared media

We consider a multi-level medium initially prepared with a coherent superposition of two initial levels that are not directly dipole-coupled. We study the production of multi-wave mixing in the coherent medium, where the process begins on one and terminates on the other of the two prepared levels. We find that a new type of wave mixing field can be efficiently generated in such a system with characteristics of both conventional four-wave mixing and stimulated hyper-Raman emission. We also show that two multi-photon destructive interferences build up simultaneously, leading to simultaneous reduction of the attenuation of the pump and wave-mixing fields. As a consequence a pair of ultra slow, temporally and group-velocity matched pump and wave-mixing fields can be generated. This type of multi-photon induced transparency and its consequences are qualitatively different from the conventional EIT where the destructive interference occurs between two single photon channels.