cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracting Mobility-Lifetime Product in Solar Cell Absorbers Using Quantum Efficiency Analysis

The long-wavelength quantum efficiency (QE) response of photovoltaic absorbers is determined by the length scales for minority carrier collection. However, extracting quantitative measurements of minority carrier mobility-lifetime product (μτ) is complicated by uncertainty in other factors such as the depletion width, electric field, and the absorption coefficient. We apply previously developed methods to obtain estimates for μτ in a tin(II) sulfide (SnS) solar cell. We compare three analytic models for the minority carrier collection probability as a function of absorber depth to determine which model most accurately captures the behavior in our devices. For models in which multiple parameters are unconstrained, a random numerical search is used to optimize the fit to experimental QE for SnS. To identify sources of error, we perform a sensitivity analysis by fitting with SCAPS-1D. Our analysis shows that changes in absorption most strongly affect estimates for μτ, highlighting the need to obtain accurate, device-specific absorption data. Further modeling and experimental constraints are required to obtain self-consistent values for μτ that correspond to actual device performance.
Current algebra and fixedJ-plane singularities

A systematic study of the consequences of Fubini-Dashen-Gell-Mann sum rules for allt-channel helicity amplitudes is given. The necessity of Kronecker deltas in all sense-sense amplitudes atJ=1 is pointed out. The coefficients of these Kronecker deltas are, apart from kinematical factors, the form factors of the target particles.
Theoretical Analysis and Experimental Results of a Novel Multilayer Enhanced IRAS (MEIRAS) Method To Study CO Adsorption on Pt/SiO2/Au Thin Film Structures

The enhancement in sensitivity of infrared reflection spectroscopy to adsorbates on multilayer structures (MEIRAS) is analyzed by using classical Fresnel’s expressions for reflection and transmissi...
A bridge lost : Interethnicities along the German-Polish border

Cet article emet l'hypothese d'une rarefaction des relations interethniques le long de la frontiere separant l'Allemagne de l'est de la Pologne. L'indicateur retenu pour la presente etude est la frequence, de part et d'autre de la frontiere, de quatre noms de famille dans leurs variantes allemandes et polonaises. Bien que cet aspect ne represente qu'un eclairage partiel de la teneur des relations interethniques, il n'en demeure pas moins un outil jusqu'ici neglige qui, selon l'A., meriterait d'etre davantage pris en consideration en sciences sociales
Spontaneous Left Main Coronary Artery Dissection and the Role of Intravascular Ultrasonography

Objective. Spontaneous left main coronary artery (LMCA) dissection is a rare event with an unknown incidence and high risk of sudden cardiac death. The diagnosis of LMCA dissection is often challenging given the limitations of 2-dimensional angiography. The 3-dimensional perspective of intravascular ultrasonography (IVUS) is often indispensable in confirming or excluding the diagnosis of spontaneous LMCA dissection. We report 2 cases of spontaneous LMCA dissection with unique angiographic presentations wherein IVUS was essential in defining the extent of LMCA involvement and facilitated the subsequent referral for emergent coronary artery bypass grafting. Methods. Two patients presented to our facility with acute coronary syndrome prompting coronary angiography, which was notable for an unusual angiographic appearance of the LMCA. Intravascular ultrasonography was performed in each case, revealing spontaneous LMCA dissection. Results. Intravascular ultrasonography permitted the prompt diagnosis and aided in definitive surgical intervention in our 2 cases of spontaneous LMCA dissection. Conclusions. Intravascular ultrasonography is a useful adjunctive imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of spontaneous LMCA dissection. Key words: intravascular ultrasonography; left main coronary artery dissection; spontaneous artery dissection.
Stable Combustion for Pulverized Coal-fired Boilers and Coal-blended Optimization

Focusing on current obvious problems on safe,economical and stable combustion for coal-fired boilers in China,some main reasons affecting safe,stable and economical boiler combustion are analyzed,and some important methods and outlines for the reform of boilers used at present are introduced.Besides,the necessity of coal-blended combustion is pointed out according to the present status of coal utilization in coal-fired power plants in China.The methods of coal blending and the judging rules for optimizing coal blending process are presented.The functions of the software for optimum coal blending are recommended.
Peroxynitrite inhibition of oxygen consumption and sodium transport in alveolar type II cells.

Active sodium (Na+) transport by alveolar type II (ATII) cells plays an important role in limiting the volume of alveolar fluid. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, released in the epithelial lining fluid by activated inflammatory cells or present in inspired gases, may damage Na+ transporters and decrease fluid reabsorption. To test this hypothesis we exposed ATII cells to xanthine and xanthine oxidase (1 or 10 mU/ml), or to boluses of peroxynitrite (0.1-1 mM final concentration) for 15 min and measured 1) cellular oxygen consumption (VO2); 2) amiloride-inhibitable 22Na+ uptake, as an index of Na+ movement through apically located Na+ channels; and 3) ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake, as an index of the activity of the basolaterally located Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. After exposure of ATII cells to 0.5 or 1 mM peroxynitrite, amiloride-inhibitable 22Na+ uptake decreased to 68 +/- 7 and 56 +/- 11 of their control values, respectively (mean +/- SE; n > or = 6). Exposure to 0.5 mM peroxynitrite decreased ATII cell VO2 from 76 +/- 6 to 25 +/- 5 microM.h-1 x 10(6) cells-1 (mean +/- SE; n = 5). Cell viability and ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake remained at control levels for either peroxynitrite concentration. Exposure of ATII cells to 10 mU/ml xanthine oxidase decreased their VO2 from 94 +/- 8 to 63 +/- 6 (mean +/- SE; n = 5), but did not alter amiloride-inhibitable 22Na+ uptake. These findings indicate that physiological concentrations of peroxynitrite, but not of reactive oxygen species, decrease ATII cell Na+ transport by damaging apically located amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels.
Direct experimental evidence for the existence, structural basis and function of astral forces during anaphase B in vivo

The existence, structural basis and function of astral forces that are active during anaphase B in the fungus, Nectria haematococca, were revealed by experiments performed on living cells. When one of the two asters of a mitotic apparatus was damaged, the entire mitotic apparatus migrated rapidly in the direction of the opposing astral forces, showing that the force that accelerated spindle pole body separation in earlier experiments is located in the asters. When a strong solution of the antimicrotubule drug, MBC, was applied at anaphase A, tubulin immunocytochemistry showed that both astral and spindle microtubules were destroyed completely in less than a minute. As a result, separation of the spindle pole bodies during anaphase B almost stopped. By contrast, disrupting only the spindle microtubules with a laser microbeam increased the rate of spindle pole body separation more than fourfold. Taken together, these two experiments show that the astral forces are microtubule-dependent. When only one of the two or three bundles of spindle microtubules was broken at very early anaphase B, most such diminished spindles elongated at a normal rate, whereas others elongated at an increased rate. This result suggests that only a critical mass or number of spindle microtubules needs be present for the rate of spindle elongation to be fully governed, and that astral forces can accelerate the elongation of a weakened or diminished spindle.
Rivalry in the Mediterranean, 1945: French North Africa and the Levant

On 8 November 1945, the Reverend W. S. Boyd of Morgantown, West Virginia, appeared before the House Foreign Affairs Committee to speak in favor of the creation of a Department of Peace. While the hearings were merely scheduled as a courtesy to a long-time colleague, the setting gave Boyd an opportunity to describe his hopes for the post-war order. The United States, he said, remained a young and vital nation: ‘In the brief period of our national existence it has already become tradition with us to be imaginative and daring and resourceful in the achievement of the goals we set for ourselves. We have become specialists in the impossible’. Indeed, such resourcefulness would be required to handle the difficult challenges of the coming years. The end of the war, Boyd commented, must be followed by greater gains for the ‘little people’ of the world. ‘Sooner or later, we will have to make good on our promises of freedom and justice and equal opportunity and perpetual peace’. 1 As the Reverend Boyd looked outward, beyond his own hemisphere, toward the little people — the poor, the dispossessed, the colonized — perhaps he realized how intently they were staring back.
Genome Packaging in Bacterial Viruses

The assembly of mature, infectious progeny virions is the virus life cycle. In order to assemble virions within the host bacterial cell, bacteriophages, like other viruses, must bring together the structural components of the capsid and the chromosomal components of the genome. While in some cases this takes place using a mechanism of co-assembly in which the capsid is assembled around the chromosome, many phages translocate, or package, their respective chromosomes from the cytosol into a preformed capsid precursor. This packaging event has been described in phages with chromosomes comprised of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) (families Podo-, Sipho-, Myo-, and Tectiviridae), single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) (family Microviridae), and double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) (family Cystoviridae). In the dsDNA phages, this process is driven by a motor complex that binds a unique vertex of the icosahedral procapsid and packages DNA by a force-generating, ATP-driven mechanism. In the ssDNA phages, DNA translocation is coupled to genome replication and involves DNA-binding proteins that assist in moving the chromosome into the capsid. dsRNA phages selectively package multiple single-stranded RNA chromosomes into a capsid using a motor complex at a unique vertex prior to replication inside the capsid. The diversity, fidelity and efficiency of these strategies are summarized in this article.
CULTURED NATURAL KILLER CELLS

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the generation of cytotoxic effector cells in unstimulated cultures. These effectors appear to account for all of the natural killer activity of these cell suspensions. In a study described in the chapter, to determine the survival of NK A cells in culture, murine spleen cells were assayed on various days of culture against YAC following treatment with specific anti-NK-1.2 antiserum and C. The reduction in lytic activity against this NK A sensitive target on day 0 of culture following such treatment was assigned a value of 100% and on subsequent days of culture NK-1.2 + killing was compared to this standard. It was observed that NK-1.2 + activity are rapidly lost in culture and by day 6 only 8% of this activity remains. The fate of NKg cells upon culture is more difficult to study as these cells do not as yet possess a specific cell marker. These effectors are partially sensitive to high titre anti-H-2 serum and C treatment, and upon culture, their sensitivity is significantly increased suggesting more expression of this surface antigen. Fresh murine spleen cell preparations were also treated with specific antisera or antibodies and C prior to culture and their 6 day activity assessed.
Activated NRAS Mediates Self-Renewal Capacity in AML by Facilitating the Mll/AF9-Specified Gene Expression Signature

Abstract Abstract 5116 RAS is a known oncogene in AML (Schubbert et al. Nat Rev Cancer 2007, Bowen et al. Blood 2006), however the specific effects of targeting RAS-activated pathways on AML physiology are unclear. NRASG12V transgene repression in an NRASG12V/Mll/AF9 transgenic murine AML model leads to apoptosis and disease remission (Kim et al. Blood 2009). To better understand possibilities for and implications of therapeutic targeting of RAS-activated pathways, we inactivate NRASG12V in this mouse model and characterize the subsequent signaling and transcriptional response. We profiled signaling intermediates and markers of apoptosis and cell cycle using mass cytometry, a next-generation flow cytometry technology, which simultaneously measured the levels of 32 antibody-labeled proteins in single cells. These analyses revealed specific signaling changes that varied with the surface immunophenotype of the AML cells and highlighted relevant RAS-directed signaling pathways. Parallel RNA sequencing and gene expression microarrays revealed that NRASG12V-expressing cells express hematopoietic self-renewal genes and repression of NRASG12V leads to loss of this program. Importantly, the NRASG12V-dependent gene expression program mimics the Mll/AF9-determined, Myb-mediated self-renewal program reported by Zuber et al. (Zuber et al. Genes Dev 2011). These data suggest a novel role for RAS in AML self-renewal capacity by maintaining the Mll/AF9-mediated self-renewal program. Furthermore, inhibition of the PI3K-mTOR pathway decreases viability, in vitro colony formation, and recapitulates the effects of NRASG12V inactivation on self renewal-associated genes, implicating this pathway as the mediator of RAS-directed leukemia self renewal capacity. These data provide rationale for therapeutic targeting of leukemia stem cells via PI3K-mTOR pathway inhibition and for using this mouse model as a tool to test such therapeutic approaches. Since a variety of AML-specific genetic mutations lead to perturbations in RAS signaling, these results may be generalizable to AML with a broader range of mutations. Download : Download high-res image (67KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure: . NRAS-dependent gene expression signature recapitulates Mll/AF9 gene expression signature. Disclosures: Largaespada: Discovery Genomics, Inc. : Consultancy, Equity Ownership; NeoClone Biotechnology, Inc. : Consultancy, Equity Ownership.
The U.S. National Waste Terminal Storage Program Technological Accomplishments And Future Plans

ABSTRACT In 1976, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the National Waste Terminal Storage (NWTS) program. The objective of this program is to develop and provide the capability for the long-term disposal of high-level and transuranic nuclear wastes. The present U.S. nuclear waste disposal strategies envision the isolation of such wastes in deep underground geologic repositories. Technology development in support of the NWTS program includes the formulation and management of a strong basic science program to develop an appropriate data base to aid in understanding the key geological processes and other related phenomena involved in this undertaking. A site selection for the repository is to be made in the mid-1980's and repository operation could begin in the 1990's. Several geological environments encompassing a number of emplacement media will be examined before final site selections are made.
Novel variant of common variable immunodeficiency.

A 57-year-old woman with frequent respiratory infections was initially diagnosed with IgG subclass deficiency based on low levels of IgG subclasses 2 and 3. Three years later, she progressed to having IgA deficiency as well. With a normal total IgG level, she does not meet criteria for common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). This may represent a variant of CVID. This also highlights the importance of immunoglobulin subclass estimation in patients where immunodeficiency is suspected clinically. She is being treated with rotational antibiotics the first 10 days of every month, monthly intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) infusion and osteopathic manipulation one to two times per month. On this regimen, although she has had several viral respiratory infections, she has avoided further hospitalisation for more than 1 year.
Interfacial Delamanination of Mold Compound in Fan-Out Packages

Emerging fan-out packages require advances in mold compounds, polymer interfaces to metals and silicon, and innovative processing to reach the required high reliability. In this paper, we discuss the fracture energy for mold compound interface to copper and silicon, and use that information for studying interfacial delamination propagation of mold compound. We have examined mold compound delamination from silicon die as well as redistribution layer in a fan-out package, and compared the results against a lead-frame package as well as a plastic ball grid array package of similar dimensions.
Local Governance Pathways to Decarbonization in China and India

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the world's two largest countries requires feasible governance pathways that integrate politics, policy and administration. Using examples of successful mitigation at the local level in China (Guangzhou) and India (Gujarat), this article identifies integrated governance solutions that work in both cases through different types of linkages. In China, it is mainly intra-governmental linkages, while in India it is mainly state–society linkages. In neither case do international negotiations concerning emissions targets have significant effects, while national frameworks have only marginal effects. Approaching the problem in this comparative manner helps to clarify how greenhouse gas governance operates in each country, the lessons for central–local environmental relations, and the implications for international assistance.
Analysis of the Degradation of Polyethylene in Air Using Electrical and Physical Data

Discharge currents and degradation of polyethylene from high dc electric field stress in air were investigated. a positive point-to-plane configuration was used with thin polyethylene samples on the cathode surface. Voltage, spacing, and relative humidity were independent variables. the surface chemistry and resistivity of the samples evidence changes as degradation occurred. This changing boundary condition affected the gaseous discharge. Both electrical and physical measurement techniques have been utilized to characterize the degradation. Electrical measurements include surface resistivity measurements, pulse train recording of partial discharges, and continuous current measurements. Physical measurements include X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) roughness measurements, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy spectra.
Sick if you do, sick if you don't.

The immune system must distinguish self from non-self, but an imbalanced reaction in either direction can lead to immunopathology or severe infection. A new model incorporating host life history predicts which error will be more tolerated.
Nota Científica / Short Communication: Lectotypification and a new combination in Cynophalla (Capparaceae)

Abstract Cynophalla and Uterveria (Capparaceae) are lectotypified here. Uterveria is placed in synonymy underCynophalla and Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo is proposed as a new combination.Key words: Capparaceae, Cynophalla, C. amplissima, lectotipification, Neotropics. Resumen Se lectotipifican a Cynophalla y Uterveria (Capparaceae). Uterveria es puesta en la sinonimia de Cynophallay se propone la nueva combinacion Cynophalla amplissima (Lam.) Iltis & Cornejo.Palabras clave: Capparaceae, Cynophalla, C. amplissima, lectotipificaciones, neotropico. Cynophalla (DC.) J. Presl (Capparaceae) is aclear-cut New World entity, recognized andsegregated as such by Candolle (1824) as a sectionof Capparis L., and by Eichler (1865) at thesubgeneric level. Cynophalla was established as agenus by Presl (1825), but for a long time has beenplaced in synonymy under Capparis s.l. , apolymorphic Old World genus (Cornejo & Iltis2008a). In recent years, Cynophalla has beenresurrected and recognized at generic level basedon morphological grounds (Cornejo & Iltis 2006,2008b). Additionally, a recent phylogenetic studybased on molecular data (Hall 2008) also supportsthe splitting of the New World species traditionallyidentified or placed in
TRANSLATIONAL AND TRANSCRIPTIONAL CONTROL OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS DURING DIFFERENTIATION OF DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses translational and transcriptional control of protein synthesis during differentiation of Dictyostelium discoideum. To study the regulation of gene expression in a differentiating system such as Dictyostelium, one must identify genes whose expression is regulated. There are many examples of enzymic activities and surface antigens or proteins that appear or disappear at prescribed times of differentiation. However, in very few cases, it is completely clear whether the increase in activity is because of an increase in the rate of synthesis of the enzyme or antigen protein or to some other factor. The chapter also discusses gene expression during differentiation.
Psychiatry Residency Programs: Trends in Psychotherapy Supervision

The evolving dominance of psychobiologic over psychodynamic theoretical influences on education and practice presents new challenges for psychiatry. This article features selected data from the 1989 American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training annual survey (n = 215) that describe current teaching activities related to psychodynamic psychiatry, mainly psychotherapy. Results are based on a 50 percent return rate (107/215 questionnaires). Responses confirm the emergence of psychobiological (48%) over psychodynamic (40%) departmental orientations and report that the psychodynamic orientation has maintained strength as a secondary emphasis. Residents generally gain experience in a range of psychotherapy theories and modalities, including psychodynamic, cognitive, behavioral, individual, couples, family, and group therapies. Training in brief and short-term individual psychodynamic psychotherapy predominates, however. Use of video- and audiotaping in supervision is limited. Full-time faculty provide the bulk of psychotherapy instruction. This is carried out in both individual and group sessions, which are organized primarily around case reviews. Supervision-related problems include faculty availability, skill diversity, competence, theoretical flexibility, and attitudes, as well as program structure and standards.
Developing Learning Organizations

The corporate culture affects all of the corporation’s activities. The culture entails four key areas: inspiration, reward, atmosphere, and values (Joyce et al. 2003). An innovative organization must address these areas carefully.
Hypertension and diabetes mellitus are not associated with worse renal functional outcome after partial nephrectomy in patients with normal baseline kidney function.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the association of hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus on renal function after partial nephrectomy in patients with normal baseline kidney function. METHODS We identified 453 patients with baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥60 that underwent robotic partial nephrectomy for a cT1 renal mass from 2008 to 2014 using a multi-institutional database. The association between estimated glomerular filtration rate and time (pre-partial nephrectomy to 24 months post-partial nephrectomy) was compared between 269 (59.4%) patients with preoperative hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and 184 (40.6%) patients with neither hypertension nor diabetes mellitus using a multivariable model adjusting for confounders. RESULTS The estimated glomerular filtration rate significantly decreased over time for both groups compared with baseline (average units/month: 1.8974 hypertension/diabetes mellitus, 1.2163 no hypertension/diabetes mellitus; P < 0.0001), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate decrease per month reduced over time (P < 0.0001). The estimated glomerular filtration rate began to increase at approximately 12 months for the hypertension/diabetes mellitus group, and at approximately 18 months for the no hypertension/diabetes mellitus group. Although a greater initial decline in the estimated glomerular filtration rate after partial nephrectomy was observed for the hypertension/diabetes mellitus group (0.68 units/month), this was not statistically significant (P = 0.0842); and while the rate of recovery from this decline was faster for the hypertension/diabetes mellitus group, this also was not statistically significant (P = 0.0653). The predicted estimated glomerular filtration rate was similar (83 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) for both groups 24 months after partial nephrectomy. CONCLUSIONS There seems to be no significant association between hypertension, diabetes mellitus and renal functional outcome after partial nephrectomy in patients with normal baseline glomerular filtration rate. Renal function declines after partial nephrectomy, but then it recovers, irrespective of the presence of hypertension or diabetes mellitus.
Dental Structure of the Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Guitarfish (Neoselachii: Batoidea) Myledaphus pustulosus from the Hell Creek Formation of Garfield County, Montana

In this study, we examine surface collected teeth of Myledaphus pustulosus from the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Hell Creek Formation of Garfield County, Montana. Macroscopic analysis of teeth shows that 54% of the teeth have pronounced attritional wear due to a durophagous diet. A higher percentage of unworn teeth than worn teeth (64% vs 27%) have acid damage due to predation or scavenging. Ultrastructural analysis of whole and sectioned teeth show that the enameloid of the teeth is 100–125 µm thick and is composed of a single crystallite enameloid in which apatite crystallites show no preferred orientation. Orthodentine in the tooth crown is composed of dense material with numerous canals for odontoblast processes which extend nearly to the tooth surface. Dentinal tubules surround odontoblasts most of the way through the enameloid. The enameloid microstructure of M. pustulosus is consistent with the pattern seen in other batoids.
Adolescent Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms During Emerging Adulthood: The Role of Online and Offline Social Support

There is a dearth of research examining the relation between adolescent peer victimization and internalizing symptoms during emerging adulthood. This retrospective study examined relations among offline and online peer victimization, internalizing symptoms, as well as offline and online social support. A sample of 416 participants aged 18–24 was recruited and self-report data on adolescent victimization, support, and internalizing symptoms were collected. The results showed that retrospective reports of peer victimization and social support predicted current internalizing symptomology. However, this varied as a function of online/offline context and symptomology. Specifically peer victimization was more predictive of depressive symptoms than social anxiety symptoms. Offline social support predicted fewer internalizing symptoms, but online support did not. Social support diminished the association between peer victimization and social anxiety.
Prenatal exposure to PCBs in Cyp1a2 knock-out mice interferes with F1 fertility, impairs long-term potentiation, reduces acoustic startle and impairs conditioned freezing contextual memory with minimal transgenerational effects.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are toxic environmental pollutants. Humans are exposed to PCB mixtures via contaminated food or water. PCB exposure causes adverse effects in adults and after exposure in utero. PCB toxicity depends on the congener mixture and CYP1A2 gene activity. For coplanar PCBs, toxicity depends on ligand affinity for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). Previously, we found that perinatal exposure of mice to a three-coplanar/five-noncoplanar PCB mixture induced deficits in novel object recognition and trial failures in the Morris water maze in Cyp1a2-/- ::Ahrb1 C57BL6/J mice compared with wild-type mice (Ahrb1 = high AHR affinity). Here we exposed gravid Cyp1a2-/- ::Ahrb1 mice to a PCB mixture on embryonic day 10.5 by gavage and examined the F1 and F3 offspring (not F2 ). PCB-exposed F1 mice exhibited increased open-field central time, reduced acoustic startle, greater conditioned contextual freezing and reduced CA1 hippocampal long-term potentiation with no change in spatial learning or memory. F1 mice also had inhibited growth, decreased heart rate and cardiac output, and impaired fertility. F3 mice showed few effects. Gene expression changes were primarily in F1 PCB males compared with wild-type males. There were minimal RNA and DNA methylation changes in the hippocampus from F1 to F3 with no clear relevance to the functional effects. F0 PCB exposure during a period of rapid DNA de-/remethylation in a susceptible genotype produced clear F1 effects with little evidence of transgenerational effects in the F3 generation. While PCBs show clear developmental neurotoxicity, their effects do not persist across generations for effects assessed herein.
A Numerical Model of an Active Magnetic Regenerator Refrigeration System

Active magnetic regenerative refrigeration (AMRR) systems represent an environmentally attractive space cooling and refrigeration alternative that do not use a fluorocarbon working fluid. Two recent developments have made AMRR’s feasible in the near-term. A rotary regenerator bed utilizing practical and affordable permanent magnets has been demonstrated and shown to achieve a reasonable coefficient of performance (COP). Concurrently, families of magnetocaloric material alloys with adjustable Curie temperatures have been developed. Using these materials, it is possible to construct a layered regenerator bed that can achieve a high magnetocaloric effect across its entire operating range. This paper describes a numerical model capable of predicting the practical limits of the performance of this technology applied to space conditioning and refrigeration. The model treats the regenerator bed as a one dimensional matrix of magnetic material with a spatial variation in Curie temperature, and therefore magnetic properties. The matrix is subjected to a spatially and temporally varying magnetic field and fluid mass flow rate. The variation of these forcing functions is based on the implementation of a rotating, multiple bed configuration. The numerical model is solved using a fully implicit (in time and space) discretization of the governing energy equations. The nonlinear aspects of the governing equations (e.g., fluid and magnetic property variations) are handled using a relaxation technique. Some preliminary modeling results are presented which illustrate how an AMRR system can be optimized for a particular operating condition. The performance of the AMRR in a space cooling application with the layered vs non-layered bed is compared to current vapor compression technology.
The impact of primary tumor location (PTL) and age on the risk of developing noncolonic second primary malignancy (SPM) in colon cancer (CC) patients (PTS).

67Background: Colon cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide. There has been a renewing interest in the role of PTL (right- or RS vs. left-sided or LS) in CC for their dif...
Selective Chemical Modulation of Interlayer Excitons in Atomically Thin Heterostructures

Strongly bound interlayer excitons (XIs) in atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures such as MoS2/WSe2 show promising optoelectronic properties for spin-valleytronics and excitonic devices. The ability to probe and control XIs is critical for the development of such applications. This Letter introduces a versatile chemical method for selectively tailoring interlayer excitons in TMDC heterostructures. We show that two organic layers form uniform layers on a WSe2/MoS2 heterostructure and that the XI photoluminescence may be either preserved or quenched. The interlayer emission can also be modulated differently by the formation of the organic layer on either side of the TMDC/TMDC heterostructure. We find that the resulting interlayer emission is dominated by selective photoinduced charge transfer over dark-state p-doping effects. These results shed critical insights on interlayer excitons at the TMDC/TMDC heterointerfaces and provide a versatile approach for selectively tailoring them for optoelectronic applications.
Optimal control of excitable systems near criticality

The authors study networks of coupled excitable systems and show that macroscopic variables are more accurately controlled for a wider range of target values when the system is near the critical regime.
APOE genotype predicts when — not whether — one is predisposed to develop Alzheimer disease

APOE genotype predicts when — not whether — one is predisposed to develop Alzheimer disease
Normalization in a rough relational database

The rough relational database model was developed for the management of uncertainty in relational databases. In this paper we discuss rough functional dependencies and the normalization process used with them. Normalization is an important part of the relational database design process and rough normalization provides similar benefits for the rough relational database model.
Circumcision, female, as sexual therapy

Female circumcision has been used in the United States as a method of increasing female sexual response to marital heterosexual sex since the late nineteenth century. By removing the clitoral foreskin, some doctors and lay people thought the clitoris would be more exposed to the penis during penetrative intercourse and would thus receive direct stimulation from the penis, thereby increasing female orgasmic potential. Keywords: clitoral unhooding; female circumcision; female genital cosmetic surgery; surgical sexual therapy
Successful Supernovae, the Anatomy of Shocks: Neutrino Emission and the Adiabatic Index

Hydrodynamic calculations of stellar collapse in Type II Supernova are described using a variable nuclear adiabatic index and compressibility for the nuclear equation of state at high density. Initial models employing a relatively small mass core with low central entropy are necessary to achieve viable shocks; near success the models are sensitive to both neutrino emission and the high density equation of state. The treatment of neutrino production and transport is sketched and recent results reported.
A statistical analysis of adaptive quantization based on causal past

A statistical estimation framework is proposed for adaptive quantization based on causal past. Different estimation methods are given for the marginal density based on the quantized sample. For a stationary and ergodic source process, if its marginal density is in a parametric family with a dimension less than the quantization level, then "adaptation" can be achieved when the sample size is large, i.e., the marginal density can be estimated consistently.
Gray Codes for A-Free Strings

For any $q \geq 2$, let $\Sigma_{q}=\{0,\ldots,q\!-\!1\}$, and fix a string $A$ over $\Sigma_{q}$. The $A$-free strings of length $n$ are the strings in $\Sigma_{q}^n$ which do not contain $A$ as a contiguous substring. In this paper, we investigate the possibility of listing the $A$-free strings of length $n$ so that successive strings differ in only one position, and by $\pm 1$ in that position. Such a listing is a Gray code for the $A$-free strings of length $n$. We identify those $q$ and $A$ such that, for infinitely many $n \geq 0$, a Gray code for the $A$-free strings of length $n$ is prohibited by a parity problem. Our parity argument uses techniques similar to those of Guibas and Odlyzko ( Journal of Combinatorial Theory A 30 (1981) pp. 183–208) who enumerated the $A$-free strings of length $n$. When $q$ is even, we also give the complementary positive result: for those $A$ for which an infinite number of parity problems do not exist, we construct a Gray code for the $A$-free strings of length $n$ for all $n \geq 0$.
Monitoring of antigen-specific CD8 T cells in patients with type 1 diabetes treated with antiCD3 monoclonal antibodies

The way in which anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) modify human immune responses in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is not known. We prepared a panel of Class I HLA-A2.1 tetramers with peptides from diabetes-associated antigens and studied the frequency and phenotype of the cells in patients with T1DM and blood donors and in patients treated with anti-CD3 mAb (Teplizumab). More patients with T1DM showed positive staining for at least 1 tetramer using frozen and fresh samples (p<0.05). Three months following treatment with anti-CD3 mAb, the proportion of GAD65- and InsB-peptide reactive CD8+ T cells increased (p<0.05). The phenotype of these cells was modulated from naive to effector memoryRA+. We concludethat Class I MHC tetramers can identify antigen specific CD8+ T cells in patients with T1DM. The frequency of certain specificities increases after treatment with anti-CD3 mAb. Their modulated phenotype may have functional consequences for their pathogenicity.
Improved algorithm for detecting arcing faults using random fault behavior

Abstract High impedance distribution feeder faults have been shown to generate considerable high frequency current when arcing is present. A new algorithm is presented which takes advantage of this phenomenon and its random behavior. Using recorded fault data, parametric analysis has been performed to pseudo-optimize the detection capability while maintaining a high degree of insensitivity to normal system events. A discussion of possible implementation constraints is included.
Pulmonary artery thrombus detection by magnetic resonance imaging.

We report a patient in whom cardiac magnetic resonance imaging detected a clinically unsuspected pulmonary artery thromboembolus. Follow-up MRI after surgical removal of the thromboembolus showed normal pulmonary arteries. This case illustrates the potential utility of MRI in the detection and follow-up of central pulmonary artery thromboembolism. (Chest 1989; 95:232-34)
Carbon fiber reinforced tin-superconductor composites

The high Tc superconductors are brittle, hard to shape, and high in normal-state electrical resistivity. On the other hand, metals are in general ductile, formable, and have low electrical resistivity and high thermal conductivity. In contrast to metals, polymers in general have high electrical resistivity and low thermal conductivity. Therefore, the combination of a superconductor and a metal in the form of a composite1–4 is more attractive than the combination of a superconductor and a polymer. 5
Construction of a two-dimensional colour hologram using a source encoding technique

Abstract An adaptation of the source-encoded image subtraction system is used to form an in-plane holographic image of a colour transparency. The colour image can be retrieved by simple spatial filtering with a white-light optical processor.
A construction of orthogonal arrays and applications to embedding theorems

An n^t by k orthogonal array is a collection of k-tuples of elements from an n-set, such that if a matrix is formed with the k-tuples as rows then each ordered t-tuple of elements appears exactly once as a row of each t columned and n^t rowed submatrix. If such an array has its set of k-tuples invariant under the elements of a subgroup G of S"t then the array is referred to as a G-array. A method is described for constructing a G-array of order nr from an array of order n and G-arrays of order r. The above described construction is used to produce finite embedding theorems for partial 3-quasigroups of various types. For a class of 3-quasigroups, such a theorem shows that a finite partial member of the class can be embedded in a finite complete member of the class. Theorems included produce finite embedding theorems for 3-quasigroups satisfying the identities >=z and =z, for cyclic 3-quasigroup s, and conditional embedding theorems are presented for semi-symmetric 3-quasigroups.
High-Level Expression of the Human CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Using a Baculovirus System

A human CB2 recombinant baculovirus (AcNPV-hCB2) was generated by site-specific transposition and employed to express the human CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Northern analysis of total RNA from Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) insect cells infected with AcNPV-hCB2 revealed novel expression of a unique 2.3 kb transcript when probed with hCB2 cDNA. This transcript corresponded to the size expected for hCB2 generated from the recombinant virus construct. Western immunoblot analysis of whole cell homogenates of recombinant baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells, using affinity-purified antibody to a human CB2 carboxy terminal domain (anti-hCB2.CV), revealed the presence of novel immunoreactive protein. In addition, when anti-hCB2.CV was employed in immunofluorescence staining, an intense signal was observed within AcNPV-hCB2-infected cells but not within uninfected cells or cells infected with a control beta-galactosidase recombinant baculovirus. The pattern of immunofluorescence at early periods post-infection was in a perinuclear arrangement with a "signet-ring" appearance, suggestive of glycosylation of the expressed recombinant protein. Transmission electron microscopy revealed regions of intranuclear recombinant virus assembly and the presence of numerous intracytoplasmic proteinaceous vesicular inclusions consistent with hyperproduction of hCB2. Scatchard-Rosenthal analysis of [3H]-(-)3-[2-hydroxy-4-(1,1-dimethylheptyl)phenyl]-4-[3-hydroxypro pyl]cyclohexan-1-ol ([3H]CP 55,940) receptor binding indicated a Kd of 2.24 nM and a Bmax equal to 5.24 pmol/mg of protein. The lack of [3H]CP 55,940 displacement with N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-met hyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamidehydrochloride (SR 141716A), the CB1-selective antagonist, confirmed the identity of the receptor as CB2. These data indicate that AcNPV-hCB2 expresses high levels of the human CB2, which retains properties of the native receptor. Thus, this recombinant virus may prove suitable for hyperproduction of receptor for basic biochemical and biophysical characterization studies.
A model for interdisciplinary learning: The Psychology of Pain (2nd edition) Edited by R.A. Sternbach Published by Raven Press New York, 1986, 255 pages, $29.50

This monograph is a collection of papers aimed at a systematic review of the literature on what is broadly defined as the psychology of pain. The contributors, leading authorities in the field, address the diversity of pain and the pain experience; neurochemistry, neurophysiology, neuromodulation, learning theory, social modeling, pain measurement, perception, and Freudian metapsychology are all discussed in excellent summary fashion. The length of the monograph (245 pages) allows more complete presentations than are possible in the usual journal review article. Yet the chapters are short enough that the non-expert can bring himself or herself up to date relatively quickly. As such, the book fills a gap in the literature. The editor’s stated purpose was to revise and update the first edition to address changes in the literature since 1978. The editor and the reader must, in view of this purpose, be highly pleased with many chapters. For example, Liebeskind and associates provide a marvelous update on neural mechanisms of pain inhibition. Fordyce elaborates his most recent thinking on operant models of pain and broadens its perspective and areas of interface in an instructive and delightful fashion. Some of the other chapters reiterate-sometimes verbatim-material from the first edition. This is not necessarily a flaw. These reviews still provide much information for the first-time reader. This is particularly true of Melzack’s chapter on neurophy-
Robust head pose estimation using supervised manifold projection

Head poses can be automatically estimated using manifold learning algorithms, with the assumption that with pose being the only variable, the facial images should lie in a smooth and low-dimensional manifold. However, this estimation approach is challenging due to other appearance variations related to identity, head location in image, background, facial expression, and illumination. This problem may be alleviated by incorporating the pose angle information of training samples into the manifold learning process. In this paper, we propose a supervised neighborhood-based linear feature transformation algorithm, which is a variant of Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA), to constrain the projection computation of manifold learning. The experimental results show that our algorithm improves the accuracy and robustness of head pose estimation.
A semi-active flutter control scheme for a two-dimensional wing

Abstract Both theoretical and experimental investigations are performed for a scheme for “flutter taming”—semi-active control of structural non-linear flutter. For a two-dimensional non-linear flutter system, a digital simulation method is used to verify the principle of semi-active flutter control and to study the response characteristics of the closed loop flutter system. Simulation results show that by adjusting automatically the non-linear stiffness parameter of the flutter system, the amplitude of the flutter response can be suppressed. In accordance with the theoretical analysis, a wind tunnel test model for semi-active flutter control is designed. A micromotor-slide block system serves as the parameter control executive element with the monitoring of response signal and the controlling of micromotor performed by a microcomputer. Wind tunnel tests confirm that the non-linear flutter can be controlled effectively by this technique.
High pressure studies of isoquinoline luminescence in polymeric media

Abstract The fluorescence peak of isoquinoline increases strongly in intensity with increasing pressure in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and in polyisobutylene (PIB). In polyvinylalcohol the intensity decreases as the pressure increases. In all three cases the emission peak shifts to lower energy as the pressure increases. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that the ππ* state lies higher in energy than the nπ* state in non-hydrogen bonding solvents, but that the situation is reversed in hydrogen bonding solvents.
Preliminary Geologic Report on the 1961 U.S. Expedition to Bellingshausen Sea, Antarctica.

Five areas of outcrop were examined along 120 miles of the coast of the Bellingshausen Sea east of the Thurston Peninsula. Hornblende quartz diorite is the principal rock in the area and occurs in a body of batholithic dimensions. The quartz diorite contains inclusions of older granulitic rock and is cut by mafic dikes. An island in Paradise Harbor on the Palmer Peninsula was also examined briefly.
Cerebral Baylisascaris larva migrans in a cynomolgus macaque (Macaca fascicularis)

Abstract An incidental, asymptomatic, focal inflammatory lesion was detected in brain cerebrum of an approximately 6-year-old, female cynomolgus macaque from a chronic toxicology study. No gross lesions were noted at necropsy. Microscopically, the lesion contained a cross-section of larvae approximately 70–80 μm in diameter, a centrally located intestine flanked on either side by large triangular excretory columns, and prominent single lateral cuticular alae. Mixed inflammatory cells of eosinophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes admixed with abundant connective tissue stroma and necrosis surrounded the larvae. Histochemical stains for trichrome revealed significant amount of fibrous connective tissue. The morphology of the larvae was compatible with Baylisascaris spp. Based on the microscopic and histochemical examination, a diagnosis of neural Baylisascaris spp. larva migrans was made.