cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Local Maintenance of Spermatogenesis in Hypophysectomized Rats with Low Dosages of Testosterone from Intratesticular Pellets.

SummaryVery small dosages of testosterone, administered intratesticularly to hypo-physectomized rats, cause a regional maintenance of spermatogenesis. These dosages are much less than those necessary for complete maintenance of the sexual accessory glands. Testosterone has a direct action on the testis in the maintenance of spermatogenesis.
Fungal Biofilms: Relevance in the Setting of Human Disease

The use of indwelling medical devices is rapidly growing and is often complicated by infections with biofilm-forming microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms. Fungal biofilms have emerged as a clinical problem associated with these medical device infections, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the recent advances in the understanding of fungal biofilms, including the role of fungal surface components in adherence, gene expression, and quorum sensing in biofilm formation. We propose novel strategies for the prevention or eradication of microbial colonization of medical prosthetic devices.
Human polymorphonuclear cell death after exposure to resuscitation fluids in vitro: apoptosis versus necrosis.

Background: Resuscitation fluids can have variable effects on key functions of circulating polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) such as oxidative burst, chemotaxis, and bacterial killing. We hypothesized that choice of resuscitation fluids will also affect the rate of PMN apoptosis. To test this, we studied cellular death (apoptosis and necrosis) in human PMNs after brief exposure to different hypertonic and isotonic fluids. Methods: Blood from 12 volunteers was incubated for 1 hour at 37°C in normal saline, 6.0% dextran-70, 7.5% hypertonic saline, and 7.5% hypertonic saline with 6% dextran-70. Isolated PMNs were double labeled with fluorescein-Annexin V and propidium iodide, and apoptosis and necrosis were measured using flow cytometry. Caspase activation was also detected with flow cytometry using pancaspase inhibitor (carbobenzoxy-valyl-alanyl-aspartyl-fluoromethylketone) in non-isolated whole blood samples to determine apoptosis. Finally, cDNA macroarrays were used to evaluate the expression of 23 genes involved in the regulation of cell cycling and apoptosis. Results: Exposure to hypertonic fluids (hypertonic saline and 7.5% hypertonic saline with 6% dextran-70) significantly (p < 0.05) increased necrosis in isolated PMNs. In whole blood samples, PMNs exposed to dextran demonstrated significant apoptosis as evidenced by increased caspase activation. Dextran was the only fluid that affected leukocyte gene expression, inducing significant up-regulation of Rb gene transcription. Conclusion: Hypertonic fluids and dextran decrease human polymorphonuclear cell survival through necrotic and apoptotic pathways, respectively.
More Gaugings of $N=8$ Supergravity

New non-compact gaugings of N = 8 supergravity are constructed. The gauge groups are SO(p,q) (with p + q = 8) and the group contraction of SO(p,q) about SO(p). The SO(4,4) gauging and the corresponding contraction truncate to gauged N = 4 supergravity theories.
An analysis of stereotypy during prevocational instruction of an adolescent with severe mental retardation

An adolescent with severe retardation was observed during participation in several vocational tasks. The vocational tasks were comprised of repeating sequences of work-related responses. Across two experiments, conditions that are typical in the training of vocational tasks in special education and adult vocational programs were manipulated and the effects of these conditions on rates of vocational sequences completed and rates of stereotypic behavior were assessed. In Experiments 1 and 2, the adolescent was reinforced with a food item following the completion of vocational sequences under two alternating reinforcement contingencies. Under one contingency, the adolescent performed with frequent errors and under the other, often performed without errors. In Experiment 3, the adolescent participated with another student in a different vocational task on alternating days and in an alternating sequence of work conditions in each task. In one condition, both adolescents had vocational materials nearly continuously present and the teacher prompted and reinforced both adolescents as needed. In the other condition, the vocational materials were presented to the adolescents on an alternating basis, and the teacher prompted and reinforced first one and then the other. Across both experiments, increased competence reflected as high rate, error free, and consistent vocational performances were associated with low rates of stereotypic behavior when compared to conditions with less competent performances, and with leisure periods in Experiment 3. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Point-projection imaging of unstained ferritin clusters

Abstract A point-projection microscope is described which has been used to obtain images of isolated, unstained ferritin clusters on a tungsten substrate. The microscope images the contour of the collection of protein shells associated with each cluster, rather than the iron core of each ferritin molecule accessible to TEM imaging Quasi, three-dimensional images of cluster morphology are obtained by controlled field-desorption of an immobile, condensed benzene multilayer which initially surrounds and covers each cluster. The imaging process appears to be nondestructive provided a critical electric field strength, Fc, is not exceeded For large, weakly bound ferritin clusters Fc≈4V/nm, a value well above that required for imaging.
Theoretical analysis of the role of interfaces in transport through oxygen ion and electron conducting membranes

Abstract This manuscript examines transport through oxygen ion and electronic conducting membranes including electrode/membrane interfaces by explicitly incorporating both ionic and electronic transport through the membranes and across interfaces. Spatial variation of electrochemical potential of oxygen ions, μ ˜ O 2 − , electrochemical potential of electrons, μ ˜ e (or reduced negative electrochemical potential of electrons, φ = − μ ˜ e / e , where e is the electronic charge), and chemical potential of molecular oxygen, μ O 2 , through membrane and across interfaces are examined as functions of transport properties of membranes and interfacial regions. The analysis shows that description of transport across electrode/membrane interfaces requires two transport parameters—one for ions, and the other for electrons. The transport equations are applied to fuel cells, pressure-driven oxygen separation through mixed ionic–electronic conducting (MIEC) membranes, and voltage-driven oxygen separation through predominantly oxygen ion conducting membranes. In fuel cells and MIEC oxygen separation membranes, the μ O 2 varies monotonically between the two end values corresponding to those at the two electrodes. Thus, in fuel cells and MIEC oxygen separation membranes, the stability of the membrane is assured as long as the oxygen partial pressure, p O 2 , on the fuel side or the permeate side is above the decomposition oxygen partial pressure of the membrane. By contrast, in voltage-driven oxygen separation membranes, μ O 2 in the membrane can lie outside of the end values. Thus, in the case of oxygen separation under an applied voltage, the transport properties of the material and the interfaces determine membrane stability. Implications of the analysis concerning the applicability of the so-called the three-electrode system under an applied voltage to investigate electrode polarization are presented. It is shown that the use of the three-electrode system for the estimation of electrode kinetics can lead to significant errors at high applied voltages, and may result in overestimation of electrocatalytic activity of the electrode. This manuscript also defines electrode overpotential in terms of the rate of potential useful work degraded as an irreversible process at an electrode and the net current measured in the external circuit. The as-defined overpotential may not be experimentally measurable.
Response of Halimeda to ocean acidification: field and laboratory evidence

Abstract. Rising atmospheric pCO2 levels are changing ocean chemistry more dramatically now than in the last 20 million years. In fact, pH values of the open ocean have decreased by 0.1 since the 1800s and are predicted to decrease 0.1–0.4 globally in the next 90 years. Ocean acidification will affect fundamental geochemical and biological processes including calcification and carbonate sediment production. The west Florida shelf is a natural laboratory to examine the effects of ocean acidification on aragonite production by calcareous green algae. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of crystal morphology of calcifying organisms reveals ultrastructural details of calcification that occurred at different saturation states. Comparison of archived and recent specimens of calcareous green alga Halimeda spp. from the west Florida shelf, demonstrates crystal changes in shape and abundance over a 40+ year time span. Halimeda crystal data from apical sections indicate that increases in crystal concentration and decreases in crystal width occurred over the last 40+ years. Laboratory experiments using living specimens of Halimeda grown in environments with known pH values were used to constrain historical observations. Percentages of organic and inorganic carbon per sample weight of pooled species did not significantly change. However, individual species showed decreased inorganic carbon and increased organic carbon in more recent samples, although the sample sizes were limited. These results indicate that the effect of increased pCO2 and decreased pH on calcification is reflected in the crystal morphology of this organism. More data are needed to confirm the observed changes in mass of crystal and organic carbon.
A Small Step towards Big Data: Trends and Preference Patterns in Ophthalmic Oncology.

Purpose: To record trend and preference patterns among ocular oncologists for commonly encountered clinical diagnoses or scenarios. Methods: Participants responded anonymously to a PowerPoint presentation of questions encompassing the spectrum of ophthalmic oncology (with illustrations) using an audience response system. Each question was displayed for about 1 min and results were immediately projected before presenting the next question. The wordings of the 33 questions that were directly related to patient care, case illustrations, and the graphic representation of the responses (in the sequence of presentation) are reproduced herein. Results: Responses were recorded for participant demographics, retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, adult intraocular tumors, retinal tumors, and conjunctival, eyelid and orbital tumors. Conclusions: Such data collection efforts should be ongoing and comprehensive to collect information on trends, practice preferences, and guidelines in absence of hard evidence.
Characterization of pyrroloquinoline quinone amino acid derivatives by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and detection in human milk.

We describe a HPLC method coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI/MS) for quantification and identification of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) and condensation products formed upon incubation of PQQ with amino acids (IPQ; imidazolopyrroloquinoline and I/OPQ/R; imidazolopyrroloquinoline with attached R-group). More importantly, using these methods we demonstrate the presence of both PQQ and IPQ in human milk in nanomolar to micromolar concentrations. PQQ was incubated with amino acids and condensation products were separated by HPLC. Fractions corresponding to each product were collected and molecular masses were determined using ESI/MS. Ala, Asp, Arg, Cys, Gly, Glu, Ser, Thr, Trp, and Tyr form IPQ upon incubation with PQQ. Yields of IPQ were low ( 60%) for Thr. In addition to IPQ, Ala, Arg, Cys, Ser, Trp, and Tyr formed IPQ/R derivatives. His, Ile, Leu, Glu, Leu, Lys, Met, and Phe form only IPQ/R derivatives. Proline did not react with PQQ. Mass spectra indicate that PQQ forms stable hydrated carbonyls and decarboxylates easily. Although mass spectra were complicated by the oxidation state of the quinone and decarboxylation of PQQ, these methods are invaluable for the rapid detection of the full range of PQQ adducts in biological matrices.
The occurrence of chitin in the spore wall of Glugea weissenbergi

Abstract Spores of the microsporidian Glugea weissenbergi were subjected to acid hydrolysis and analyzed by means of ascending paper chromatography in order to determine the sugar content of the spore wall. A single spot was obtained and found to have a mobility similar to that of glucosamine in three different solvent systems. When the spore-wall hydrolyzate was treated with ninhydrin in aqueous pryidine, the degradation product was found to be arabinose. Arabinose is the oxidation product of glucosamine which in turn is the chief product of the acid hydrolysis of chitin. By a comparatively simple but sensitive technique the spore wall of this particular species is shown to contain chitin. The possible significance of this structural component is discussed with regard to filament eversion and spore viability.
Poly (l-lysine) based semi-interpenetrating polymer network as pH-responsive hydrogel for controlled release of a model protein drug streptokinase

With the aim of developing a pH-sensitive controlled drug release system, a poly (L-lysine) (PLL) based cationic semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) has been synthesized. This cationic hydrogel was designed to swell at lower pH and de-swell at higher pH and therefore be applicable for achieving regulated drug release at a specific pH range. In addition to the pH sensitivity, this hydrogel was anticipated to interact with an ionic drug, providing another means to regulate the release rate of ionic drugs. This semi-IPN hydrogel was prepared using a free-radical polymerization method and by crosslinking of the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-methacrylate polymer through the PLL network. The two polymers were penetrated with each other via interpolymer complexation to yield the semi-IPN structures. The PLL hydrogel thus prepared showed dynamic swelling/de-swelling behavior in response to pH change, and such a behavior was influenced by both the concentrations of PLL and PEG-methacrylate. Drug release from this semi-IPN hydrogel was also investigated using a model protein drug, streptokinase. Streptokinase release was found to be dependent on its ionic interaction with the PLL backbones as well as on the swelling of the semi-IPN hydrogel. These results suggest that a PLL semi-IPN hydrogel could potentially be used as a drug delivery platform to modulate drug release by pH-sensitivity and ionic interaction.
M:I-2 and IHE: integrating the healthcare enterprise, year 2.

[Cue background music] Good morning, Dr Phelps. By this time, you and your IM (image management) team have mastered the use of your radiology information system (RIS). We understand that a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) may soon be deployed to convert your image operations to a filmless environment. Unfortunately, we have recently detected several nefarious scenarios that require tighter coordination between your RIS and hospital information system (HIS), your PACS, and your imaging modalities. Your mission, should you decide to accept it, is to understand what IHE is, who is behind IHE, the importance of IHE, and how you can help promote the value of IHE to the free world. [Cue explosions and fireworks]
Sexual climate and reported rape: A state-level analysis

Data on the US states are used to study two aspects of sexual climate: sexually liberal attitudes and sex magazine readership, and their relationship to reported rape. The two sexual climate measures are correlated (r =0.50), but each also seems to measure a different facet of sexual climate: tolerance for the sexual behavior of others in the case of the Sexual Liberalism Index, and perhaps sexuality per se in the case of sex magazine readership. States in the Northeast have the highest average sexual liberalism score, and states in the West have the highest average readership of sex magazines. The relationship between sexual climate and the incidence of reported rape was investigated using multiple regression. Results indicate no relationship between sexually liberal attitudes and rape, but that sex magazine readership, urbanization, poverty, and a high percentage of divorced men are each significantly associated with the incidence of reported rape. The findings are interpreted within a theoretical model that posits rape as a function of social disorganization and hypermasculine gender roles and sexuality.
On the preparation of 80Br-biomolecules II: 80Br for I exchange in Iodo-Biomolecules

Abstract The radiochemical yields of 80Br-5-bromodeoxyuridine and 80Br-bromoacetic acid obtained by employing various modifications of the direct decay induced 80Br labelling method which exposes substrate molecules to gaseous CF380mBr are reported. The results indicate a drastic improvement of the amount of 80Br incorporated into these products if the labelling is accoplished by applying the “CF380mBr-KBrO3” gas exposure technique to induce a 80Br-for-I exchange in the corresponding (inactive) iodo derivatives.
INTRAPERSONAL AND INTERPERSONAL DISCREPANCY AMONG DELINQUENT AND NONDELIQUENT GIRLS: A RESEARCH NOTE

Delinquent and nondelinquent girls were compared to examine the relationship between delinquency and masculine self-concept. Ratings of self and ideal self were obtained to compute self-ideal discrepancy indices on (a) stereotypically sex-related traits and (b) traits which each subject selected as salient to making interpersonal judgements of women. Ratings were also made of best friend and mother to examine interpersonal as well as intra-personal discrepancy indices. For stereotypic sex-role traits, discrepancy indices for the three comparisons (self-ideal, self-mother, self-best friend) revealed no differences between delinquents and nondelinquents. For personally selected traits, significant differences did appear for self-mother and self-best friend discrepancies.
Filoviruses are ancient and integrated into mammalian genomes

Hemorrhagic diseases from Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus (Filoviridae) infections can be dangerous to humans because of high fatality rates and a lack of effective treatments or vaccine. Although there is evidence that wild mammals are infected by filoviruses, the biology of host-filovirus systems is notoriously poorly understood. Specifically, identifying potential reservoir species with the expected long-term coevolutionary history of filovirus infections has been intractable. Integrated elements of filoviruses could indicate a coevolutionary history with a mammalian reservoir, but integration of nonretroviral RNA viruses is thought to be nonexistent or rare for mammalian viruses (such as filoviruses) that lack reverse transcriptase and replication inside the nucleus. Here, we provide direct evidence of integrated filovirus-like elements in mammalian genomes by sequencing across host-virus gene boundaries and carrying out phylogenetic analyses. Further we test for an association between candidate reservoir status and the integration of filoviral elements and assess the previous age estimate for filoviruses of less than 10,000 years. Phylogenetic and sequencing evidence from gene boundaries was consistent with integration of filoviruses in mammalian genomes. We detected integrated filovirus-like elements in the genomes of bats, rodents, shrews, tenrecs and marsupials. Moreover, some filovirus-like elements were transcribed and the detected mammalian elements were homologous to a fragment of the filovirus genome whose expression is known to interfere with the assembly of Ebolavirus. The phylogenetic evidence strongly indicated that the direction of transfer was from virus to mammal. Eutherians other than bats, rodents, and insectivores (i.e., the candidate reservoir taxa for filoviruses) were significantly underrepresented in the taxa with detected integrated filovirus-like elements. The existence of orthologous filovirus-like elements shared among mammalian genera whose divergence dates have been estimated suggests that filoviruses are at least tens of millions of years old. Our findings indicate that filovirus infections have been recorded as paleoviral elements in the genomes of small mammals despite extranuclear replication and a requirement for cooption of reverse transcriptase. Our results show that the mammal-filovirus association is ancient and has resulted in candidates for functional gene products (RNA or protein).
Relations of Story Wording and Sex to a Recommended Prison Sentence

The purpose of this experiment was to see whether the wording of a story, the sex of the subject, and sex of the person committing a murder would affect the recommended prison sentence. A questionnaire contained a story about a youth committing a murder. The same story was told in three different ways changing the name of the youth in each; one showed the student in a favorable light, one in a negative light, and one in a neutral manner. The sex of the student was changed, and the sex of the participant was also studied. Subjects were asked to sentence the youth
Integrating multiple perspectives in forensic child psychiatry consultation.

The major difficulty intrinsic to forensic child psychiatry consultation is a strain stemming from conflicts among different ways of solving problems. Three basic perspectives on problems and their solutions are (1) clinical, (2) forensic, and (3) systems. These perspectives are described in detail. Models of consultative practice that derive from these perspectives are also described, and an integrative model is proposed. This model requires understanding problems from each of these perspectives at once, and aims to discover and implement the best possible mode of resolution of whatever problems have brought the case to the legal system.
The efficacy of total parenteral nutrition in malnourished tumor-bearing rats.

The current study was designed to compare the efficacy of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), provided either before or after tumor removal, in replenishing protein stores in the malnourished tumor-bearing (TB) host. Fisher 344 rats bearing a transplantable methylcholanthrene(MCA)-induced sarcoma were used. After the animals were cachectic from their tumor, a central venous catheter was inserted. At the time of catheter insertion, the animals were randomized into two groups. Group I rats had the TB hindlimb amputated whereas Group II rats had the nontumor bearing (NTB) hindlimb amputated. After amputation, all animals were given TPN for 10 days then sacrificed. The results demonstrated that TB rats (Group II) had a significantly decreased tumor-free carcass weight in contrast to non-tumor bearing rats (Group I). Furthermore, the TB animals had a significantly increased body weight gain after completion of TPN. This difference in body weight proved to be due almost entirely to the weight of the growing tumor. Compositional analysis revealed a significantly decreased protein stores and significantly increased fat stores of both the carcass and liver of the TB animals compared to those which the tumor had been resected. The results of the data suggest that TPN given to the sarcoma-bearing animal after tumor removal is better utilized for replenishing protein stores than when it is provided before removal of the tumor. Cancer 55:1271-1275, 1985.
Effect of Hormonal Treatments Prior to Lactation on Hormones in Blood Plasma, Milk, and Urine during Early Lactation

Hormonal changes in blood plasma, colostrum, milk, and urine were studied through day 25 of lactation in 6, 6, and 2 Holsteins, respectively, to compare normal calving, premature calving induced with 25 mg of dexamethasone and estra diol-17β, and lactation induced with exogenous estradiol-17β and progesterone. Treatments had no effect on concentrations of prolactin in plasma, but concentrations and daily excretion (μg/day) of prolactin were higher in milk after induced calving. Concentrations of prolactin in colostrum were up to 8 times higher than in blood plasma and decreased subsequently to near ratios of 1:1 in milk. Hormonal treatments had no effect on progesterone in plasma, colostrum, or milk. Major differences in the estrogens (estrone, estradiol-17β, estradiol-17α, and their total) were observed after day 2 of lactation. Concentrations of the estrogens in plasma and milk, and rates of excretion in urine and milk were lower 3 days after normal calving than after induced calving. Postpartum, estrone decreased proportionately more in milk than estradiol-17α. Proportions of each estrogen in mammary secretions resembled those in blood plasma prior to day 3 of lactation (estrone major) and those in urine thereafter (estradiol-17α major). Concentrations of estradiol-17α in milk were 3 to 10 times higher, but total estrogen was only about twice higher than in blood plasma.
Failure loads for notched graphite/epoxy laminates with a softening strip

Abstract The strengths of two graphite/epoxy notched laminate systems with a softening strip were investigated. The softening strip was created by replacing the 0°-graphite/epoxy plies by a glass/epoxy composite. Experimental results indicated that the use of softening strips could significantly increase the laminate strength. Analysis was performed with finite elements developed using the classical laminated plate theory and was shown to be adequate. A simple point-stress failure criterion was used to predict the strength of notched laminates with softening strips and the result was found to be satisfactory.
Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the P1 operon of Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Abstract The attachment of virulent Mycoplasma pneumoniae to the ciliated epithelium of the respiratory tract involves a surface protein designated PI. Our previous determination of the nucleotide sequence of the P1 attachment-protein gene revealed that it is flanked by open reading frames (ORFs) and there is no obvious ribosome-binding site (RBS) or transcription termination sequence in the adjacent regions. We extended this analysis by cloning and sequencing the 18-kb region containing the P1 gene. This study indicates that the P1 gene is transcribed as part of a larger polycistronic message. The P1 operon is composed of the P1 gene and two predicted genes, designated ORF-4 and ORF-6. The gene order is ORF-4, P1 , ORF-6 with intervening regions of 12 and 5 nt, respectively. ORF-4 and ORF-6 have respective coding capacities for proteins of M r ≅28000 and M r ≅ 130000. Putative promoter and RBS sequences which correspond closely to those found in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis , as well as a sequence indicative of a transcription terminator, have been found in the flanking sequences. The transcription start point has been determined by primer extension of M. pneumoniae RNA.
Productive cough and hemoptysis in elderly male with myelodysplastic syndrome

Summary Aspergilli are ubiquitous fungi with branched septate hyphae. Aspergillus produces a wide variety of diseases determined by the inoculating dosage, the ability of the host to resist infection at local and systemic levels, and the virulence of the organism. Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis is more common in neutropenic, immunocompromised patients. We describe the case of elderly male, recently diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndrome presenting with complaints of repeated hemoptysis.
Is momentum really momentum

Momentum is primarily driven by firms' performance 12 to seven months prior to portfolio formation, not by a tendency of rising and falling stocks to keep rising and falling. Strategies based on recent past performance generate positive returns but are less profitable than those based on intermediate horizon past performance, especially among the largest, most liquid stocks. These facts are not particular to the momentum observed in the cross section of US equities. Similar results hold for momentum strategies trading international equity indices, commodities, and currencies.
Reducing TLB and memory overhead using online superpage promotion

Modern microprocessors contain small TLBs that maintain a cache of recently used translations. A TLB's coverage is the sum of the number of bytes mapped by each entry. Applications with working sets larger than the TLB coverage will perform poorly due to high TLB miss rates. Superpages have been proposed as a mechanism for increasing TLB coverage. A superpageis a virtual memory page with size and alignment that are a power of two multiple of the system's base page size. In this paper, we describe online policies for superpage management that monitor TLB miss traffic to decide when a superpage should be constructed. Our policies take into account both the benefit of a superpage promotion (potential for preventing future misses) and the cost (page copying). Although our approach increases the cost of each TLB miss, the net effect is to improve total execution time by eliminating a large number of misses without significantly increasing memory usage, thereby improving system performance.
The Effect of Photoperiod on the Deep Body Temperature of Domestic Turkeys and Its Relationship to the Diurnal Periodicity of Leucocytozoon smithi Gametocytes in the Peripheral Blood of Turkeys

Abstract Eighteen turkeys naturally infected with Leucocytozoon smithi were separated into 3 groups of 6 each and were respectively exposed to conditions of natural, reversed, or continuous light. Turkey deep body temperature and peripheral gametocyte numbers of L. smithi in all three groups were determined every 2 hr over a 36-hr period. The peak period of both turkey body temperature and gametocyte numbers coincided with the midpoint of the light period for turkeys exposed to natural and reversed light conditions. The body temperature of turkeys exposed to continuous light remained relatively constant while L. smithi gametocytes exhibited asynchronous behavior.
Immediate placement of dental implants into fresh extraction socket in the maxillary anterior region: a case report.

Abstract The loss of the buccal alveolar plate following tooth extraction in the maxillary anterior may lead to palatal implant positioning with esthetic complications. Immediate placement of dental implants has been suggested because it may preclude dramatic postextraction bone loss. In this report, the harmony of soft and hard tissue was achieved by immediate implant placement with bone augmentation in an esthetically challenging situation.
Methods for modeling wire antennas loaded with shielded networks

Wire antennas are often loaded with lumped circuits in order to control or alter one or more of the antenna's characteristics. Shielding these circuits forces the load to manifest itself to the antenna from a small aperture. This ensures that the laws of circuit theory may be used in an analysis to characterize the load, rather than Maxwell's equations, simplifying the computations. To this end, four configurations of lumped loads are used in place of the antenna's shielded networks in the analysis of the loaded wire. Two of the lumped load configurations are specific to an aperture-coupled shielded network presented in this paper. Two other configurations considered, however, are physically representative of a large class of wire antenna loads. Data obtained from analyses based upon the models introduced and from measurements are presented for comparison.
Heads up: sexual dimorphism in house crickets (Acheta domesticus)

Many species are sexually dimorphic because of differential selection on each sex. In many species, males tend to have exaggerated traits or larger body size compared with females. In house cricket...
Incorporating family into the formula: family-directed structural therapy for children with serious emotional disturbance

Increasingly, policy‐makers and consumers alike have been pushing for inclusion of families in the treatment of children with diagnoses of serious and emotionally disturbed (SED). Further, recent trends in service provision highlight the necessity for creation and utilization of evidence‐based practices (EBP), as well as the need for consumer‐ or family‐driven treatment. Although family therapy is a popular intervention for this population, existing evidence‐based family therapy modalities fail to incorporate family direction in the treatment of children with SED. Moreover, the models studied have involved juvenile offenders, and, to date, little research has been conducted to substantiate their use with the SED population. Family‐directed structural therapy (FDST) is an emerging model that unifies evidence‐based practice with family‐directed care. This model actively involves parents and family members in the change process blending consumer‐based principles with a growing empirical base. In FDST, the family is both the fulcrum of power and source of change in the family. A description of this approach and an exemplar are provided to illustrate application of this model with families of children with SED.
Factor Analysis of the Electrocardiogram: Test of Electrocardiographic Theory: Normal Hearts

The factor analysis of electrocardiograms from 17 normal individuals indicates that over 95 per cent of all the electrocardiographic "information" is accounted for by 3 factors. In the entire series, all individual leads were more than 93 per cent accounted for by 3 factors. These results indicate that there are no significant voltages at the body surface in normal individuals which can be ascribed to more than 3 internal generators. While these results indicate a 3-function system, they do not indicate a dipolar system since a dipole is a special case of a more general 3-function system.
Monocyte expression of the human prointerleukin 1 beta gene (IL1B) is dependent on promoter sequences which bind the hematopoietic transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is produced primarily by stimulated monocytes, suggesting that the IL1B gene, which codes for this protein, depends upon at least one cell-type-specific factor. Our previous characterization of the IL1B promoter indicated that the region between -131 and +12 is sufficient to direct cell-type-specific expression of a reporter gene (F. Shirakawa, K. Saito, C.A. Bonagura, D.L. Galson, M.J. Fenton, A.C. Webb, and P. E. Auron, Mol. Cell. Biol. 13:1332-1344, 1993). We now show that a sequence located between positions -50 and -39 of the IL1B promoter binds the tissue-restricted Ets domain transcription factor Spi-1/PU.1 (Spi-1). Mutation of this site abrogates binding of this factor and reduces the ability of the IL1B promoter to function in macrophages. A second Spi-1 binding site located between positions -115 and -97 also is required for maximal IL1B promoter activity in the presence of the proximal Spi-1 binding site. In addition, an activation domain-deficient Spi-1 expression vector acts as a dominant-negative inhibitor of reporter gene expression in a monocyte cell line. Finally, the IL1B promoter, which is inactive in Spi-1-deficient HeLa cells, is activated in these cells by cotransfection with a Spi-1 expression vector. Thus, the cell-type-specific expression of the IL1B promoter appears to be dependent on the binding of Spi-1.
Confluence of depression and acute psychological stress among patients with stable coronary heart disease: effects on myocardial perfusion.

Background-—Depression is prevalent in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and increases risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) recurrence and mortality despite optimal medical care. The pathways underlying this risk remain elusive. Psychological stress (PS) can provoke impairment in myocardial perfusion and trigger ACS. A confluence of acute PS with depression might reveal coronary vascular mechanisms of risk. We tested whether depression increased risk for impaired myocardial perfusion during acute PS among patients with stable CHD. Methods and Results-—Patients (N=146) completed the Beck Depression Inventory-I (BDI-I), a measure of depression linked to recurrent ACS and post-ACS mortality, and underwent single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging at rest and during acute PS. The likelihood of new/worsening impairment in myocardial perfusion from baseline to PS as a function of depression severity was tested. On the BDI-I, 41 patients scored in the normal range, 48 in the high normal range, and 57 in the depressed range previously linked to CHD prognosis. A BDI-I score in the depressed range was associated with a significantly greater likelihood of new/worsening impairment in myocardial perfusion from baseline to PS (odds ratio =2.89, 95% CI: 1.26 to 6.63, P=0.012). This remained significant in models controlling ACS recurrence/mortality risk factors and medications. There was no effect for selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medications. Conclusions-—Depressed patients with CHD are particularly susceptible to impairment in myocardial perfusion during PS. The confluence of PS with depression may contribute to a better understanding of the depression-associated risk for ACS recurrence and mortality. (J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3:e000898 doi: 10.1161/JAHA.114.000898)
Defective Dopamine Receptor Function in Proximal Tubules of Obese Zucker Rats

Abstract —Some of the pathophysiological consequences of obesity include insulin resistance, increased renal sodium reabsorption, and the development of hypertension. Dopamine promotes renal sodium excretion via activation of D 1 -like receptors present on the proximal tubules. Reduced dopamine-induced natriuresis and a defect in D 1 -like receptor function have been reported in the proximal tubules of hypertensive animals. The present study investigated D 1 -like dopamine receptors and associated G proteins as the initial signaling components in the proximal tubular basolateral membranes of obese Zucker and control lean Zucker rats. We found that the obese rats were hyperinsulinemic, hyperglycemic, and hypertensive compared with the lean rats. Dopamine produced concentration-dependent inhibition of Na,K-ATPase activity in the proximal tubules of lean rats, whereas the inhibitory effect of dopamine was reduced in obese rats. The D 1 -like receptors measured by [ 3 H]SCH 23390 binding revealed an ≈45% decrease in B max without a change in K d in the basolateral membranes of obese rats compared with lean rats. Although we found an increase in G q /11α and no change in G s α in the basolateral membranes of obese rats, dopamine and SKF 38393 failed to stimulate G proteins as measured by [ 35 S]GTPγS binding in obese rats, suggesting a receptor–G protein coupling defect. We conclude that decrease in D 1 -like dopamine receptor binding sites and diminished activation of G proteins, resulting perhaps from defective coupling, led to the reduced inhibition by dopamine of Na,K-ATPase activity in the proximal tubules of obese Zucker rats. Such a defect in renal dopamine receptor function may contribute to sodium retention and development of hypertension in obese rats.
Correction of Increased Sympathoadrenal Activity inBartter's Syndrome by Inhibitionof Prostaglandin Synthesis

Sympathetic nervous system function was studied in seven patients with Bartter's syndrome and in age-matched normal controls by measurements of basal and stimulated norepinephrine concentrations in plasma and excretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine in urine. In threeof these patients, urinary metanephrine and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyman-delic acid were also measured and the response to indomethacin was determined. In the patients, mean plasma norepinephrine was 217 ± 48 (SEM) pg⁄ml in the supine position, 489 ± 76 pg⁄ml n i the upright position, and 614± 186pg⁄ml after compression of a handgrip for 5 min. These values were not significantly different fromthose of the controls. Urinary norepinephrine excretion in the patients with Bartter's syndrome was 130.4 ± 23.0 μg⁄day compared to 73.3 ± 11.2 μg⁄day (P < 0.01)in thecontrols. Urinary epinephrine excretion was 41.5 ±3.0 μg⁄day in the patients with Bartter’ssyndrome compared to 27.8 ± 3.4 fig⁄day (P < 0.01) in the controls. Urinary metanephrine and 3-metho...
A physical model study of microcrack‐induced anisotropy

A laboratory study of the effects of oriented pennyshaped inclusions embedded in a solid matrix on the propagation of seismic shear waves shows good agreement with theoretical predictions for some polarizations and poor agreement for polarizations at large crack densities. The models are constructed of solid matrix of epoxy resin with inclusions of thin rubber discs of approximately equal cross-sectional areas. The theoretical basis for these experiments is the theory of Hudson, in which the wavelength is greater than the dimensions of the individual cracks and their separation distance, and the cracks are in dilute concentration. By a pulse transmission method, seismograms were gathered in models free of inclusions and models with inclusions. Seismic measurements of velocity anisotropy, for variations in both a polarization and propagation direction, were performed on physical models with inclusions (cracks) representing five different crack densities (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 percent). Variations in velocity ...
Micromolar Ca2+ from sparks activates Ca2+-sensitive K+ channels in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle

The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that local Ca2+ release events (Ca2+ sparks) deliver high local Ca2+concentration to activate nearby Ca2+-sensitive K+ (BK) channels in the ...
Does Cerebral Blood Flow Decline in Healthy Aging? A PET Study with Partial-Volume Correction

It remains a matter of controversy as to whether cerebral perfusion declines with healthy aging. In vivo imaging with PET permits quantitative evaluation of brain physiology; however, previous PET studies have inconsistently reported aging reductions in cerebral blood flow (CBF), oxygen metabolism, and glucose metabolism. In part, this may be because of a lack of correction for the dilution effect of age-related cerebral volume loss on PET measurements. Methods: CBF PET scans were obtained using [15O]H2O in 27 healthy individuals (age range, 19–76 y) and corrected for partial-volume effects from cerebral atrophy using an MR-based algorithm. Results: There was a significant difference (P = 0.01) in mean cortical CBF between young/midlife (age range, 19–46 y; mean ± SD, 56 ± 10 mL/100 mL/min) and elderly (age range, 60–76 y; mean ± SD, 49 ± 2.6 mL/100 mL/min) subgroups before correcting for partial-volume effects. However, this group difference resolved after partial-volume correction (young/midlife: mean ± SD, 62 ± 10 mL/100 mL/min; elderly: mean ± SD, 61 ± 4.8 mL/100 mL/min; P = 0.66). When all subjects were considered, a mild but significant inverse correlation between age and cortical CBF measurements was present in the uncorrected but not the corrected data. Conclusion: This study suggests that CBF may not decline with age in healthy individuals and that failure to correct for the dilution effect of age-related cerebral atrophy may confound interpretation of previous PET studies that have shown aging reductions in physiologic measurements.
Teaching to mean, writing to mean: SFL, L2 literacy, and teacher education

Abstract This study analyzes how ten linguistically and culturally diverse candidates in a TESOL master's degree program used systemic functional linguistics and genre-based pedagogy to design curriculum and instruction. Using case study methods, the findings indicate that participants’ conceptualizations of grammar shifted from a traditional sentence-level, form-focused perspective to a more functional understanding operating in interconnected ways across lexicogrammatical and discourse semantic features of texts. However, participants’ constructions of what SFL is and how they might use genre-based pedagogy in the future were highly influenced by their previous schooling experiences and the contexts in which they taught or envisioned teaching. The implications of this study relate to reconceptualizing grammar in the knowledge base of language education.
Basic and clinical immunology

Progress in immunology continues to grow exponentially every year. New applications of this knowledge are being developed for a broad range of clinical conditions. Conversely, the study of primary and secondary immunodeficiencies is helping to elucidate the intricate mechanisms of the immune system. We have selected a few of the most significant contributions to the fields of basic and clinical immunology published between October 2001 and October 2002. Our choice of topics in basic immunology included the description of T-bet as a determinant factor for T(H)1 differentiation, the role of the activation-induced cytosine deaminase gene in B-cell development, the characterization of CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells, and the use of dynamic imaging to study MHC class II transport and T-cell and dendritic cell membrane interactions. Articles related to clinical immunology that were selected for review include the description of immunodeficiency caused by caspase 8 deficiency; a case series report on X-linked agammaglobulinemia; the mechanism of action, efficacy, and complications of intravenous immunoglobulin; mechanisms of autoimmunity diseases; and advances in HIV pathogenesis and vaccine development. We also reviewed two articles that explore the possible alterations of the immune system caused by spaceflights, a new field with increasing importance as human space expeditions become a reality in the 21st century.
The effect of timing jitter on the performance of a discrete multitone system

The transmission of high-speed data over severely band-limited channels may be accomplished through the use of discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, a modulation technique that has been proposed for a number of new applications. While the performance of a DMT system has been analyzed by a number of authors, these analyses ignore the effect of timing jitter on system performance. Timing jitter becomes an increasingly important concern as higher data rates are supported and larger constellations are allowed on the DMT subchannels. Hence, in this paper, we assume that synchronization is maintained by using a digital phase-locked loop to track a pilot carrier, Given this model, we derive error rate expressions for an uncoded DMT system operating in the presence of timing jitter, and we derive an expression for the interchannel distortion that results from a varying timing offset across the DMT symbol. In addition, we investigate the performance of trellis-coded DMT modulation in the presence of timing jitter. Practical examples from the asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) service are used to illustrate various results.
Fracture penetration in planetary ice shells

Abstract The proposed past eruption of liquid water on Europa and ongoing eruption of water vapor and ice on Enceladus have led to discussion about the feasibility of cracking a planetary ice shell. We use a boundary element method to model crack penetration in an ice shell subjected to tension and hydrostatic compression. We consider the presence of a region at the base of the ice shell in which the far-field extensional stresses vanish due to viscoelastic relaxation, impeding the penetration of fractures towards a subsurface ocean. The maximum extent of fracture penetration can be limited by hydrostatic pressure or by the presence of the unstressed basal layer, depending on its thickness. Our results indicate that Europa's ice shell is likely to be cracked under 1–3 MPa tension only if it is ⩽2.5 km thick. Enceladus' ice shell may be completely cracked if it is capable of supporting ∼1–3 MPa tension and is less than 25 km thick.