cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing and comparing relationships between urban environmental stewardship networks and land cover in Baltimore and Seattle

Abstract Implementation of urban sustainability policies often requires collaborations between organizations across sectors. Indeed, it is commonly agreed that governance by environmental networks is preferred to individual organizations acting alone. Yet research shows that network structures vary widely, and that these variations can impact network effectiveness. However, largescale studies of environmental network structure and outcomes are rare. Little research exists that evaluates whether local environmental conditions impact network structure, and whether the structure, or even the existence of a network has measurable impact on local conditions. These research gaps may be partially attributed to methodological challenges in studying networks across geographic space. This study addresses these challenges and examines the question, “what are the relationships among environmental conditions and environmental stewardship networks in Baltimore and Seattle, and how do these two cities compare?” We surveyed environmental stewardship organizations in each city to collect data about organizational relationships and locations of stewardship activities. Social network and spatial regression analyses were applied to these data to explore relationships among variations in neighborhood land cover and network measures. Land cover was not found to be a strong predictor of organizational presence or network structure in either city. However, both the number of organizations and the number of ties between them correlated significantly with the percentage of tree canopy in Baltimore neighborhoods. Seattle had similar trends, but the relationship appeared weaker. Findings contribute to the nascent field of urban environmental stewardship, and thus results are discussed in relation to their ability to inform future research.
The Changing Organizational Context of Professional Work

Our paper represents an attempt to stimulate continued sociological interest in professional work. Our review suggests that understanding professional work is central to understanding larger workplace changes in the late twentieth century. Some researchers have documented the increasingly diverse arrangements for the delivery of professional services, even as others point to a convergence of professional control around accountability and cost containment issues. Claims of diverging interests across work settings are often confounded by greater racial, gender, and ethnic diversity among professionals. We suggest that the study of professional careers provides an avenue for studying the diversification of professionals and work settings. Future research should also follow changes in the prestige rankings of different organizational arrangements from the viewpoint of professionals, professional associations, and clients. Finally we warn researchers that managerial groups seeking control of professional work ...
Manipulative user interfaces: exploring physically embodied user interfaces

There has been wide-spread interest in augmented reality and physically-based user interfaces [e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8] in the past 6 years. A goal of these efforts is to seamlessly blend the affordances and strengths of physically manipulatable objects with virtual environments or artifacts, thereby leveraging the particular strengths of each. This approach allows us to break free of indirectly manipulating tiny representations trapped within a computer display by leveraging form factor, physical motor skills, and naturalistic associations.Our work is distinguished from previous work in that we are not exploring separate input devices, but rather we employ sensor technologies to make the physical artifact become the input device. In other words we are investigating situations in which the physical manipulations are directly integrated with the device or artifact that is being controlled. We consider these user interfaces to be physically embodied. Our approach has been to experiment with various form factors of several handheld devices, implement some commonly used functions, such as navigation, and iterate on the resulting prototypes.This video shows three implementations of manipulative user interfaces on PDAs to support three simple real world tasks - navigation through long sequential lists, navigation within a book or document by pages, and document annotation. In addition to the three tasks, this document describes a fourth implementation not shown in the video - navigation within a book by "chunks" or by relative location.
Demarginalizing the sexual self

For anyone, the expression of one's particular sexuality can be difficult even within the framework of an intimate relationship. On the Internet, however, many barriers to such expression (e.g., fe...
Using Video‐Based Pedagogy in an Elementary Mathematics Methods Course

The study explored the impact of using video-based pedagogy on preservice teachers' cognitions about teaching mathematics. The use of video-based pedagogy was integrated into the course, Methods for Teaching Elementary School Mathematics. A variety of written and interview data were collected during the course and, in the following semester, during student teaching. Evidence from case studies of three preservice teachers indicates that they engaged in reflection and reconstruction of their beliefs about how children learn mathematics and moved from a more didactic perspective of teaching mathematics toward a student-centered perspective. Such movement appears to have been influenced by the use of video-based pedagogy.
Efficient Gene Transfer in Live Mice Using a Unique Retroviral Packaging Line

ABSTRACT Irradiated mice were transplanted with cells containing a foreign gene to evaluate gene transfer and expression as a model for gene therapy. Using a uniquely safe and efficient retroviral packaging line developed in this laboratory (GP+E86), we demonstrate efficient and safe long-term transfer of the neomycin resistance (neoR) gene into mice. By infusing cells obtained from spleen colonies of primary post-transplant mice marked with the neoR gene into irradiated recipients, secondary and tertiary generations of recipient mice were produced. There was very low reconstitution activity of single stem cells in these successive generations of mice. We conclude that many more than one stem cell is necessary for successful long-term bone marrow transplantation in mice, presumably as a result of the relatively low frequency of stem cell cycling.
Comparison of small-scale providers' and utility performance in urban water supply: the case of Maputo, Mozambique

Following independence from colonial rule, African governments struggled to cope with the legacy of fragmented water services and new demands of peri-urban population growth. Privatization was presented as a panacea that would expand and improve water supply. Small-scale independent water providers (SSPs) were meanwhile often the only actors ensuring that services were available to the peri-urban poor. Nonetheless, they were ignored and even vilified in ‘pro-poor’ strategies of water supply reform. Recent studies have actually demonstrated the important role SSPs play in serving the poor in African cities, however, substantial knowledge gaps remain. This study of SSP activities in Maputo, Mozambique provides rigorous empirical evidence about the performance of fully private SSPs vis-a-vis a privatized utility at both the provider and household level. The findings belie long-held notions of informal water provision as inferior and inefficient and formal sector privatization as the preferred strategy for reaching the poor. Improving water supply in African cities requires an understanding of the specific advantages of provider-types and avoiding universal cures.
ASME Section VIII Recertification of a 33,000 Gallon Vacuum-jacketed LH2 Storage Vessel for Densified Hydrogen Testing at NASA Kennedy Space Center

The Ground Operations Demonstration Unit for Liquid Hydrogen (GODU-LH2) has been developed at NASA Kennedy Space Center in Florida. GODU-LH2 has three main objectives: zero-loss storage and transfer, liquefaction, and densification of liquid hydrogen. A cryogenic refrigerator has been integrated into an existing, previously certified, 33,000 gallon vacuum-jacketed storage vessel built by Minnesota Valley Engineering in 1991 for the Titan program. The dewar has an inner diameter of 9.5 and a length of 71.5; original design temperature and pressure ranges are -423 F to 100 F and 0 to 95 psig respectively. During densification operations the liquid temperature will be decreased below the normal boiling point by the refrigerator, and consequently the pressure inside the inner vessel will be sub-atmospheric. These new operational conditions rendered the original certification invalid, so an effort was undertaken to recertify the tank to the new pressure and temperature requirements (-12.7 to 95 psig and -433 F to 100 F respectively) per ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section VIII, Division 1. This paper will discuss the unique design, analysis and implementation issues encountered during the vessel recertification process.
Improving Prediction Skill of Imperfect Turbulent Models Through Statistical Response and Information Theory

Turbulent dynamical systems with a large phase space and a high degree of instabilities are ubiquitous in climate science and engineering applications. Statistical uncertainty quantification (UQ) to the response to the change in forcing or uncertain initial data in such complex turbulent systems requires the use of imperfect models due to the lack of both physical understanding and the overwhelming computational demands of Monte Carlo simulation with a large-dimensional phase space. Thus, the systematic development of reduced low-order imperfect statistical models for UQ in turbulent dynamical systems is a grand challenge. This paper applies a recent mathematical strategy for calibrating imperfect models in a training phase and accurately predicting the response by combining information theory and linear statistical response theory in a systematic fashion. A systematic hierarchy of simple statistical imperfect closure schemes for UQ for these problems is designed and tested which are built through new local and global statistical energy conservation principles combined with statistical equilibrium fidelity. The forty mode Lorenz 96 (L-96) model which mimics forced baroclinic turbulence is utilized as a test bed for the calibration and predicting phases for the hierarchy of computationally cheap imperfect closure models both in the full phase space and in a reduced three-dimensional subspace containing the most energetic modes. In all of phase spaces, the nonlinear response of the true model is captured accurately for the mean and variance by the systematic closure model, while alternative methods based on the fluctuation-dissipation theorem alone are much less accurate. For reduced-order model for UQ in the three-dimensional subspace for L-96, the systematic low-order imperfect closure models coupled with the training strategy provide the highest predictive skill over other existing methods for general forced response yet have simple design principles based on a statistical global energy equation. The systematic imperfect closure models and the calibration strategies for UQ for the L-96 model serve as a new template for similar strategies for UQ with model error in vastly more complex realistic turbulent dynamical systems.
Neuropsychiatric features of parkinsonian tauopathies and alpha-synucleinopathies

The goal of this thesis is to determine if neuropsychiatric features can differentiate parkinsonian patients with: tauopathies from those with alpha-synucleinopathies and explore caregiver distress. Three hundred and four patients (62 with tauopathies and 242 with alpha-synucleinopathies) diagnosed according to published diagnostic criteria were evaluated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS). To control for between-group differences a subsample of 235 patients were analyzed. Patients with tauopathies had significantly higher NPI total scores, more apathy, less hallucinations, lower MMSE scores and higher UPDRS scores than those with alpha-synucleinopathies. Hallucinations and delusions were not related to levodopa or dopamine agonist daily doses, but increased age was associated with these disturbances. There were moderate correlations between caregiver distress and severity of neuropsychiatric disturbances. Despite between-group neuropsychiatric differences at early stages, the symptom overlap does not allow to classify patients with these two proteinopathies.
Maximizing the Product of Summands; Minimizing the Sum of Factors

Introduction The spirit of the times urges all of us, at whatever level we teach, to promote mathematical investigation and exploration by our students. That being the case, it is particularly important for future teachers to have the experience of participating in mathematical research in at least one of their college courses. This paper outlines an extended investigation that was carried out, as a group project, by two classes of prospective secondary teachers. A good deal of instructor guidance was necessary, and many of the details of proof had to be skimmed over, but enough of the work was left to the students so that they had a sense of participating in the creation of new mathematical knowledge and of behaving like mathematicians.
Biology of the Tenlined June Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

The biology of the tenlined June beetle, Polyphylla decemlineata (Say), was studied over a 3-yr period in an almond, Prunus amygdalus Batsch, orchard in Manteca, Calif. The beetle has one generation every two years and passes through three instars. The beetle overwinters as a first instar during the first winter and as a third instar during the second winter. The majority of larvae are found 0.1-0.35 m deep in the soil. The percentage of first instars decreased with increasing soil depth from 77% of all larvae found at 0.05 m to 13% at 0.6 m. The percentage of third instars increased with increasing soil depth from 13% of all larvae found at 0.05 m to 58% at 0.6 m. Adult emergence begins in mid-June and continues through mid-October with peak emergence in early August. Adult male flight is crepuscular. Mating occurs at the female emergence site at sunset. Females laid an average of 11.6 eggs.
A Selected Bibliography on Religion and Public Education

This bibliography contains references to literature written between 1960 and early 1972. That period of time was not the only one in which controversy existed concerning the relationships between religion and public education, but, because it inherited unresolved problems from pre vious years and because of the Supreme Court decisions on prayer and Bible reading and, more recently, on state aid to church schools, that period was one in which this area of concern received much scholarly and public attention. A part of this attention was a vast amount of literature. A portion of this literature is assembled and organized in this bibliography. The bibliography is not a collection of all the literature written during the period on the subject of religion and public education. To have at tempted that would have made the bibliography of unmanageable size. It does not include, for example, the vast amount of newspaper reporting and commenting on this issue, nor does it even mention all the scholarly works in the field. Rather, it concentrates on some books and numerous articles found in legal and educational journals. Even here, articles which seemed only to report an event, such as the Supreme Court decisions, were excluded, while articles which seemed to include some commentary along with their reporting were included. Also, articles which had only local or regional interest were excluded. Aside from these exclusions, however, the bibliography is a rather complete listing of articles from legal and educational journals dealing with many aspects of the subject area. The bibliography was compiled with the hope that it might help a newcomer to work his way into the field and provide for the scholar a handy tool for further research. A + at the end of a page notation means that the article is concluded on other partial pages in the journal. Essential to an understanding of religion and public education in the
Impact of a pharmacist on drug costs in a coronary care unit.

The impact of clinical pharmacy services on direct drug costs in a coronary care unit (CCU) was studied. An observational, nonrandomized study was conducted on all patients admitted to the CCU to evaluate the impact of clinical pharmacy services on direct drug costs. Clinical pharmacy services were introduced into the CCU in July 1998. Patient characteristics, mean drug costs per admission, mean drug category costs per admission, and total hospital costs per admission were determined for October 1997 to June 1998 (nonintervention period), July 1998 to March 1999 (intervention period 1), and April 1999 to December 1999 (intervention period 2). The Clini-Trend program was used to estimate the total reduction in drug costs associated with documented pharmacist interventions from January to December 1999. Mean patient age, sex, admitting diagnosis-related group, Medicare case-mix index, ventilator days, length of stay, and number of deaths did not differ significantly among the three study periods. Mean +/- S.D. drug costs per admission for the nonintervention period were $374.05 +/- $75.51. With the introduction of clinical pharmacy services, mean +/- S.D. drug costs per admission were $381.94 +/- $66.16 (p > 0.1 for intervention period 1 compared with the nonintervention period) and $233.74 +/- $84.16 (p = 0.002 for intervention period 2 compared with the nonintervention period). From January to December 1999, 4151 pharmacist interventions were documented. The estimated reduction in drug costs associated with the interventions totaled $372,384. A pharmacist's clinical services in the CCU allowed for significant estimated reductions in total drug costs.
Quantitative measurement of vasculature in coronary angiogram videos

Current diagnosis of coronary artery disease relies on visual examination of angiograms by operators to identify significant stenoses in arteries. The significant limitations of this approach are both under and over-calling of stenoses. Although techniques such as quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) are available, these still require human input and resource costs. Thus, an automated system is required to quantitatively analyze angiograms. Although there are some methods for segmenting the vessels, these methods are mostly based on artifacts-free assumption. In this paper we propose a fully-automated system for analyzing X-ray coronary angiograms in which an angiogram video is analyzed first to select the frames containing maximum visible vasculature. Then, an accurate vascular network skeleton is generated and a profile of vessel thickness along the skeleton is estimated. Moreover, the proposed method calculates the tortuosity to remove the catheter from the images. The accuracy of the proposed method is assessed with ground truth generated manually by cardiologists.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Qingyuan City in 2008-2012

Objective To investigate the epidemiological features of varicella in Qingyuan City during 2008- 2012,and to explore the control and prevention strategies. Method We conducted statistical analysis on varicella case reports and surveillance data in Qingyuan City. Results A total of 2,763 varicella cases were reported in Qingyuan City from 2008 to 2012,and the incidence rates ranged from 10. 92 /100,000 to 21. 17 /100,000. The annual average incidence rate was 15. 41 /100,000, showing a wavy trend in general. The cases were distributed in 8 counties of Qingyuan City,and the incidence rates did not show the regional bias. The cases occurred mainly in November,December and January each year,accounting for 42. 96% of the total cases. Most cases were children under 10 years of age,accounting for 70. 21%. The incidence rate of males was higher than that of females( χ2= 145. 65,P 0. 001). A total of 8 clustering outbreaks were reported during the five years,and all of them occurred in primary schools. Conclusions The incidence rates of varicella in Qingyuan City during 2008- 2012 showed an increasing tendency as a whole. Enhancing the implementation of varicella vaccination program for school- age population and developing proper varicella immunization strategies are the important measures for prevention and control of varicella.
Initial experience with AMSA as single agent treatment against malignant lymphoproliferative disorders.

Thirty previously treated adults with lymphoma received AMSA as single agent therapy. All patients had previously received adriamycin- containing chemotherapy regimens and either failed to respond initially or responded but subsequently relapsed. The dose used was 40 mg/sq m.i.v. daily x3. For patients with compromised marrow reserve or elevated bilirubin, a 25% reduction was used. Ten of 30 patients achieved an objective response (3 CR, 3 PR, and 4 less than PR). Of the 3 patients achieving a complete remission, 2 with histiocytic lymphoma remain in remission and are currently off treatment at 14+ and 18+ mo. The response rate to AMSA was found to correlate with the type of response to frontline therapy and also with the number of previous relapses. Complete remissions on AMSA were only seen in patients who had achieved a CR on frontline treatment and who were treated on their first relapse. AMSA is an active drug against malignant lymphoma and deserves further investigation.
The National Self-image Actualised: Organisation in Chinese Diplomacy

The previous chapters reviewed the alternative national images that China has used to portray itself, the styles of leadership which institutes these national self-images, and the evolution of modern Chinese diplomacy interpreted according to the alternations of these national self-images. This chapter focuses on the lower echelon of diplomacy: the policy implementation and monitoring system. The implementation system includes the central bureaucracy that handles foreign affairs and the foreign service agencies that are established in foreign countries.
HYVAR (Hybrid VAR): HVAR Mixed with MC-HVAR

We construct “Hybrid Value at Risk” (HYVAR) that is an arbitrary mixture of Historical VAR and Monte Carlo VAR. The procedure is capable of retaining both the correlation matrix of the original time series and also jumps/‘fat tails’. For this reason HYVAR provides more realistic scenarios, and as many as desired. The main idea is to use a “mixing angle” to mix HVAR with Monte Carlo HVAR.
Abortion Politics in Congress: The Nature of Congress and Incrementalism in Abortion Politics: Views from the Inside and Views from the Outside

A polarized political class makes the citizenry appear polarized . (Fiorina, Abrams, and Pope 2005, 5) Introduction The discussion in the previous chapter regarding the legislative dynamics of incremental and nonincremental politics provides a theoretical basis for understanding the foundations of strategic incrementalism. Legislators experience diverse electoral and policy-making environments, but, for many legislators, abortion politics in both the electoral and legislative settings are particularly highly charged. In this chapter, we examine how the environments surrounding abortion politics, both in the U.S. House and in the public at large, have changed over our period of study. Specifically, we examine factors internal to the U.S. House of Representatives, such as the ideology of the chamber as a whole, the party composition of the chamber, and the ideology of specific committees in the chamber. Changes in ideology since the Roe decision may make the policy-making environment more conducive for either pro-choice or antiabortion advocates in either an incremental or nonincremental fashion. Profound ideological shifts occurred during the period covered in our work, but ideological shifts do not necessarily alter key aspects of the policy-making environment. For instance, the historic shift in the House after the 1994 midterm elections overturned over four decades of Democratic control. However, even after the shift in partisan control at the beginning of the 104th Congress, the dynamics of supermajoritarian politics remained largely unchanged during this time while the dynamics associated with standard majoritarian politics – the politics that are most amenable to incremental strategies – changed dramatically. By standard measures, after the 1994 elections, conservative majorities were easier to muster, but mustering conservative supermajorities actually became harder, especially when contrasted to the 1980s.
Electron excursion in a collisional cross-field diode

The operation of high-power microwave sources in relativistic magnetrons, magnetically insulated transmission lines for pulsed power systems, and Hull thrusters for space propulsion all rely on cross-field diodes. Electron migration from the cathode to the anode should be eliminated due to magnetic insulation, however, many electrons still transit the gap. This leads to the excitation of undesired modes and/or pulse shortening. Previous work has shown that not only does the presence of ions in a crossed-field gap increase the electron excursion toward the anode region1, but electron scattering and ionization of the background species exacerbate this crossed-field migration.2 We have also shown that the farther into the gap the scattering or ionization occurs, the greater the maximum excursion of the scattered or created electron.3 We also showed that above the excitation energy, there was no difference in gap penetration between elastically scattered electrons and those scattered through excitation.4 In this work, we will determine the scattering angles during elastic collisions from a 1D PIC code model of our diode (PDP15) and compare those to the average and median scattering angles calculated for a series of monoenergetic beams with energies comparable to those found in the PDP1 model. We will use these analytically determined scattering angles to predict the energy dependent change in the position of the guiding center during elastic scattering events and compare these data to the changes in guiding center found in our PDP1 data. For both the analytical model and the PDP1 data, we will determine an energy dependent electron diffusion rate from the change in the guiding center position and the collision frequency.
Scholten, Jaap. 2016. Comrade Baron - A Journey through the Vanishing World of Transylvanian Aristocracy. Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press. 404 pp.

Scholten, Jaap. 2016. Comrade Baron - A Journey through the Vanishing World of Transylvanian Aristocracy . Saint Helena, CA: Helena History Press. 404 pp.
An Ex Vivo Tissue Culture Model for Anti-angiogenic Drug Testing

Angiogenesis, defined as the growth of new blood vessels from existing ones, plays a key role in development, growth, and tissue repair. Its necessary role in tumor growth and metastasis has led to the creation of a new category of anti-angiogenic cancer therapies. Preclinical development and evaluation of potential drug candidates require models that mimic real microvascular networks. Here, we describe the rat mesentery culture model as a simple ex vivo assay that offers time-lapse imaging of intact microvascular network remodeling and demonstrate its application for anti-angiogenic drug testing.
Deep joint demosaicking and denoising

Demosaicking and denoising are the key first stages of the digital imaging pipeline but they are also a severely ill-posed problem that infers three color values per pixel from a single noisy measurement. Earlier methods rely on hand-crafted filters or priors and still exhibit disturbing visual artifacts in hard cases such as moire or thin edges. We introduce a new data-driven approach for these challenges: we train a deep neural network on a large corpus of images instead of using hand-tuned filters. While deep learning has shown great success, its naive application using existing training datasets does not give satisfactory results for our problem because these datasets lack hard cases. To create a better training set, we present metrics to identify difficult patches and techniques for mining community photographs for such patches. Our experiments show that this network and training procedure outperform state-of-the-art both on noisy and noise-free data. Furthermore, our algorithm is an order of magnitude faster than the previous best performing techniques.
Scalable prototyping testbed for MMW imager system

A prototyping testbed for an experimental millimeter-wave multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system for security applications in high foot-traffic areas will be presented. The system is designed for flexible operation at a 10 Hz video rate, enabled by high-speed electronic scanning and real-time signal processing. Overall imaging system costs are reduced by the use of an innovative ultra-sparse multistatic radar solution and a 3-D near-field beamforming image construction technique targeted for low-cost high-throughput GPU processors. The testbed is architected with FPGAs, GPUs, CPU, storage, and networking, capable of supporting future growth in capabilities, such as interference suppression & advanced signal processing algorithms, auxiliary sensing modalities, near-sensor analytics, and integration into a system-of-systems security architecture.
Querying and Exploring Polygamous Relationships in Urban Spatio-Temporal Data Sets

The Data Polygamy framework allows users to uncover interesting patterns and interactions in the data exhaust from different components of an urban environment. But analyzing the plethora of relationships derived by the framework is challenging. In this demo, we show how visualization can help in the discovery of relationships that are potentially interesting by allowing users to query and explore the relationship set in an intuitive way. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of the visual interface through case studies, and demo visitors will also interact with the polygamous relationships.
Dynamic Analysis of a Critical Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Components for Development of Future Structural Health Monitoring Techniques

The aim of this paper is to examine the free vibration characteristics and to understand the natural frequencies of critical components of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Since microscopic damages such as microcracks, dislocation distribution, crazing, and shear banding in composite and metallic structures can develop into macroscale damage, our goal is to capture the vibration modes and correlate the modes to the damage mechanics. For this study, modal impact tests were performed on an aircraft wing and the vibration mode shapes were captured via Spectral Dynamics, Inc. Bobcat structural analysis system along with a modal impact hammer to create the impact loads. The mode shapes can reveal critical areas where damage has the most probability to occur due to fatigue. We plan to provide detection of these early damage modes as well as predicting the Remaining Useful Life (RUL) of the component.
Toward noninvasive detection and monitoring of malaria with broadband diffuse optical spectroscopy

Despite numerous advances, malaria continues to kill nearly half a million people globally every year. New analytical methods and diagnostics are critical to understanding how treatments under development affect the lifecycle of malaria parasites. A biomarker that has been gaining interest is the "malaria pigment" hemozoin. This byproduct of hemoglobin digestion by the parasite has a unique spectral signature but is difficult to differentiate from hemoglobin and other tissue chromophores. Hemozoin can be detected in blood samples, but only utilizing approaches that require specialized training and facilities. Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) is a noninvasive sensing technique that is sensitive to near-infrared absorption and scattering and capable of probing centimeter-deep volumes of tissue in vivo. DOS is relatively low-cost, does not require specialized training and thus potentially suitable for use in low-resource settings. In this work, we assess the potential of DOS to detect and quantify the presence of hemozoin noninvasively and at physiologically relevant levels. We suspended synthetic hemozoin in Intralipid-based tissue-simulating phantoms in order to mimic malaria infection in multiply-scattering tissue. Using a fiber probe that combines frequency-domain and continuous-wave broadband DOS (650-1000 nm), we detected hemozoin concentrations below 250 ng/ml, which corresponds to parasitemia sensitivities comparable to modern rapid diagnostic tests. We used the experimental variability to simulate and estimate the sensitivity of DOS to hemozoin in tissue that includes hemoglobin, water, and lipid under various tissue oxygen saturation levels. The results indicate that with increased precision, it may be possible to detect Hz noninvasively with DOS.
Population Structure and Genomic Breed Composition in an Angus-Brahman Crossbred Cattle Population.

Crossbreeding is a common strategy used in tropical and subtropical regions to enhance beef production, and having accurate knowledge of breed composition is essential for the success of a crossbreeding program. Although pedigree records have been traditionally used to obtain the breed composition of crossbred cattle, the accuracy of pedigree-based breed composition can be reduced by inaccurate and/or incomplete records and Mendelian sampling. Breed composition estimation from genomic data has multiple advantages including higher accuracy without being affected by missing, incomplete or inaccurate records and the ability to be used as independent authentication of breed in breed-labeled beef products. The present study was conducted with 676 Angus-Brahman crossbred cattle with genotype and pedigree information to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of using genomic data to determine breed composition. We used genomic data in parametric and non-parametric methods to detect population structure due to differences in breed composition while accounting for the confounding effect of close familial relationships. By applying Principal Component Analysis and the maximum likelihood method of ADMIXTURE to genomic data, it was possible to successfully characterize population structure resulting from heterogeneous breed ancestry, while accounting for close familial relationships. Principal Component Analysis results offered additional insight into the different hierarchies of genetic variation structuring. The first Principal Component was strongly correlated with Angus-Brahman proportions, and the second represented variation within animals that have a relatively more extended Brangus lineage – indicating the presence of a distinct pattern of genetic variation in these cattle. Although there was strong agreement between breed proportions estimated from pedigree and genetic information, there were significant discrepancies between these two methods for certain animals. This was most likely due to inaccuracies in the pedigree-based estimation of breed composition, which supported the case for using genomic information to complement and/or replace pedigree information when estimating breed composition. Comparison with a supervised analysis where purebreds are used as the training set suggest that accurate predictions can be achieved even in the absence of purebred population information.
Superconducting Wire Test at Fermilab

Tests have recently been conducted on superconducting wire for the Energy Doubler Project at Fermilab. The parameters of superconducting wires in which there is the most interest are short-sample critical-current data for designing maximum field, and ac loss data for refrigeration requirements.
A comparison of the results of KTP and CO2 laser stapedotomy.

Over the last 10 years, lasers have evolved to become an integral part of stapes surgery. Argon, KTP, and CO 2 lasers have all been tested for their improved accuracy and safety in the middle ear. Because of the difference in optical properties between visible light (argon, KTP) and infrared (CO 2 ) lasers, discussions have evolved around which laser is better and safer. In an effort to clarify the issues, a prospective comparison was made of 100 consecutive primary stapedotomies by using either the CO 2 or KTP laser.
Solute Mass Balances: Macrosegregation

Solute rejection and its redistribution during freezing and melting are basic topics introduced by the Dutch physical chemist H.W.B. Roozeboom more than a century ago [1, 2] to explain the influence of phase equilibria on the solidification behavior of alloys. Solute redistribution occurs at a moving solid–liquid interface when limited—or so-called local—thermodynamic equilibrium prevails, often aided by transport processes (diffusion and convective mixing) acting primarily within the melt phase ahead of the advancing interface. In this chapter several important settings are explored involving the rejection and redistribution of solutes under differing conditions of solidification. Specifically, during alloy freezing it will be shown that the condition of local thermodynamic equilibrium usually holds, whereas total—or so-called global—equilibrium seldom, if ever, occurs. Nevertheless, both local and global equilibria represent useful idealizations as thermodynamic limits, between which operate most solidification and single crystal growth processes encountered in practice. Local equilibria at solid–liquid interfaces are also exploited in several solidification-based ultrapurification methods, such as repeated unidirectional freezing and multipass zone melting, both of which processes will be explored in detail in this chapter.
Evaluation of Harmonic Detection Algorithms for Active Power Filter based on Voltage and Current Detection Methods

This paper compares four filtering algorithms implemented in Shunt Active Parallel Filters (SAPF) based on current and voltage detection. The dq reference frame, the dq harmonic reference frame, the Power Theory, and the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) are compared. First, the filtering methods are studied decoupled from SAPF structure to reveal the time response and accuracy of filtering algorithms. Later, they are coupled to the SAPF structure to study the effect of the detection method (current or voltage) in the harmonic compensation. The results indicate the choices of filtering and detection methods are fundamental for obtaining good accuracy in the harmonic compensation.
Assessing student academic time use: assumptions, predictions and realities.

CONTEXT In an era of medical education reform and increasing accountability at all levels of higher education, there is a need to understand how the time in which students engage in academic activities can inform evidence-based quality improvement of the curriculum. Time logging provides an opportunity to quantify student use of academic time and guide data-informed decision making in curriculum design. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate faculty staff and student predictions of students' academic time use and to assess students' reported academic time use. METHODS Graduate-level professional students engaged in a time use exercise during the first semester of Year 1 (autumn 2015) and second semester of Year 2 (spring 2017) of a redesigned curriculum launched in autumn 2015. This exercise involved three key activities: (i) prediction of time use; (ii) time logging, and (iii) reflection on time use. Key faculty staff predicted students' weekday time use in both semesters. RESULTS Students' predictions of academic time use strongly correlated with their reported academic time use during both the first semester of Year 1 and second semester of Year 2 (r = 0.55 and r = 0.53, respectively). Faculty members' predictions of academic time use did not correlate with student academic time use during either semester. Although 63.8% of Year-1 students reported the time use exercise motivated them to change their time use, students reported spending similar amounts of time on academic activities during the first semester of Year 1 (7.8 ± 1.5 hours per weekday) and the second semester of Year 2 (7.9 ± 2.0 hours per weekday). Most students reported that the exercise had been useful and indicated that their logged time accurately reflected their actual time use. CONCLUSIONS Although curriculum reform efforts may always require that some assumptions be made, time logging can quantify students' academic use of time. Although students predict their use of time more accurately than do faculty staff, negligible changes in students' academic time use despite reported desires to make changes indicate that students' academic time use may remain inelastic. Educators must consider these findings as they design curricula, identify academic rigour, and establish student expectations of academic time use.
Abstract #4216: A role for c-Src in EGFR-induced upregulation of HIF-1\#945;

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States and worldwide. Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling through Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play a key role in the development and progression of NSCLC. Two activating mutations within EGFR, L858R and del19, have been demonstrated to lead to oncogene addiction and have also been shown to confer sensitivity to targeted EGFR inhibitors (e.g. erlotinib and gefitinib). Earlier work has demonstrated a crucial role for the EGFR downstream effector c-Src in the upregulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), a HIF-1\#945; regulated gene. We have identified a correlation between mutant EGFR and elevated HIF-1\#945; protein levels. Thus, we hypothesized that c-Src may be a critical downstream effector of mutant EGFR and may have a central role in the upregulation of HIF-1\#945; signaling by activated EGFR. NSCLC cell lines were treated with erlotinib to demonstrate a role for mutant EGFR in the upregulation of HIF-1\#945; and subsequently VEGF protein levels. HCC827 NSCLC cells, expressing the EGFR sensitizing mutant, had significantly reduced HIF-1\#945; protein levels and VEGF secretion when treated with the EGFR inhibitor, whereas, A549 cells, expressing the wild-type EGFR, were minimally effected by erlotinib treatment, compared their respective untreated controls. Furthermore, transient transfection with del19 EGFR led to increased VEGF promoter activity as demonstrated by a luciferase assay. These data demonstrate a central role for mutant EGFR signaling in the upregulation of HIF-1\#945; protein levels and VEGF secretion. Hence, signaling through mutant EGFR uncouples the normal regulation of HIF-1\#945; from hypoxia leading to aberrant expression of the angiogenic growth factor, VEGF. To identify critical signaling pathways potentially involved in the EGFR-induced up-regulation of HIF-1\#945;, multiple inhibitors were utilized. Inhibition of Mek did not affect HIF-1\#945; protein levels compared to controls, whereas inhibition of phosphotidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) led to a 50% reduction in HIF-1\#945; protein levels versus untreated cells. The Src family inhibitor PP2 led to a complete reduction of HIF-1\#945; protein, and similar results were seen with erlotinib. Moreover, erlotinib and PP2 led to a partial reduction of HIF-2\#945; protein levels. Collectively, our data demonstrate that NSCLC cells expressing activating mutations in EGFR have elevated HIF-1\#945; protein levels and that the c-Src signaling pathway may play a central role in the uncoupling of HIF-1\#945; signaling from hypoxia-induced regulation. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4216.
Progress toward a Nordic standard for the investigation of hematuria: 2019

The position paper by Malmstrom et al. regarding developing a Nordic standard for investigation of hematuria raises important points regarding the challenges that hematuria evaluation brings to cli...
Group–Theoretical Origin of CP Violation

This is a short review of the proposal that CP violation may be due to the fact that certain finite groups do not admit a physical CP transformation. This origin of CP violation is realized in explicit string compactifications exhibiting the Standard Model spectrum.
Alcohol Block for Persistent Pudendal Neuralgia

A case is described of management of persistent neuralgia in a patient who had recently undergone vasectomy and transurethral prostate resection. Anatomy, differential diagnosis, and procedure are briefly discussed.
Male breast cancer in the United States: Treatment patterns and prognostic factors in the 21st century

BACKGROUND Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare disease for which there is limited understanding of treatment patterns and prognostic factors. METHODS Men with TNM stage I to stage III breast cancer diagnosed between 2004 and 2014 in the National Cancer Data Base were included. Trends in treatment modalities were described using the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and estimated using Joinpoint software for the analysis of trends. Kaplan-Meier curves and the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to compare survival between subgroups and to identify prognostic factors. RESULTS A total of 10,873 MBC cases were included, with a median age at diagnosis of 64 years. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 24% of patients, and 70% of patients undergoing breast conservation received radiotherapy. Approximately 44% of patients received chemotherapy, and 62% of patients with estrogen receptor-positive disease received endocrine therapy. Oncotype DX was ordered in 35% of patients with lymph node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative tumors. During the study period, there was a significant increase in the rates of total mastectomy, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy, radiotherapy after breast conservation, ordering of Oncotype DX, and the use of endocrine therapy (P < .05). On multivariate analysis, factors found to be associated with worse overall survival were older age, black race, higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, high tumor grade and stage of disease, and undergoing total mastectomy. Residing in a higher income area; having progesterone receptor-positive tumors; and receipt of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and endocrine therapy were associated with better overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Despite the lack of prospective randomized trials in patients with MBC, the results of the current study demonstrated that the treatment of this disease has evolved over the years. These findings further the understanding of the modern treatment and prognosis of MBC, and identify several areas for further research.
Pubs without Beer

This chapter explores the origins, purpose, evolution and reasons for the decline and revival of the coffee public-house movement. Christianity’s role, conflicting goals (sobriety versus total abstinence), class prejudices, condescension to working-class culture, rational recreation, an almost exclusive male clientele, widespread misunderstanding of the residuum’s income and tantalising cash—all contributed to the demise of a movement in which reformers had invested sizeable sums of money, estimated at £2,000,000.