cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adhesion and Thin-Film Module Reliability

Among the infrequently measured but essential properties for thin-film (T-F) module reliability are the interlayer adhesion and cohesion within a layer. These can be cell contact layers to glass, contact layers to the semiconductor, encapsulant to cell, glass, or backsheet, etc. We use an Instron mechanical testing unit to measure peel strengths at 90deg or 180deg and, in some cases, a scratch and tape pull test to evaluate inter-cell layer adhesion strengths. We present peel strength data for test specimens laminated from the three T-F technologies, before and after damp heat, and in one instance at elevated temperatures. On laminated T-F cell samples, failure can occur uniformly at any one of the many interfaces, or non-uniformly across the peel area at more than one interface. Some peel strengths are Lt1 N/mm. This is far below the normal ethylene vinyl acetate/glass interface values of >10 N/mm. We measure a wide range of adhesion strengths and suggest that adhesion measured under higher temperature and relative humidity conditions is more relevant for module reliability
Fluorinated ΔF508-CFTR correctors and potentiators for PET imaging.

Abstract 19F-modified bithiazole correctors and phenylglycine potentiators of the ΔF508-CFTR chloride channel were synthesized and their function assayed in cells expressing human ΔF508-CFTR and a halide-sensitive fluorescent protein. Fluorine was incorporated into each scaffold using prosthetic groups for future biodistribution imaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET). The ΔF508-CFTR corrector and potentiator potencies of the fluorinated analogs were comparable to or better than those of the original compounds.
Roles of collateral arterial flow and ischemic preconditioning in protection of acutely ischemic myocardium

The extent and rate at which necrosis develops in experimental acute myocardial infarction in the dog heart is presented together with an analysis of the role played by protective mechanisms in myocyte death. Preconditioning with ischemia delays but does not prevent myocyte death. Arterial collateral flows exceeding 30% of control flow essentially prevent myocyte death, while lesser amounts of collateral flow delay myocyte death to a variable extent. Flows of <0.09mlmin(-1)g(-1) wet exert no protective effect. Cell death occurs as quickly as it does with zero flow. Electrocardiography provides a means of detection of the preconditioned state in the dog heart in that the amount of ST elevation observed during the preconditioning episode is reduced during subsequent episodes of ischemia. Also, marked depression of arterial collateral flow can be detected by an increase in the duration of the QRS segment.
Situational Factors and Alternative Dispute Resolution

A survey was conducted to investigate the beliefs of alternative dispute resolution (ADR) professionals about the impacts of various situational factors on the likelihood of negotiating an agreement. The author compares the survey responses of 119 labor relations and 44 nonlabor mediators and arbitrators. All respondents reported that when disputants have previous bargaining experience and deadlines are close, agreement is more likely, and that when one disputant has favorable alternatives outside the relationship agreement is less likely. Some differences emerged between the responses of those working in labor relations and those in nonlabor fields, however, and the author discusses the implications of generalizing findings from ADR in industrial relations to other settings.
Bayesian Inference for Assessing Effects of Email Marketing Campaigns

Email marketing has been an increasingly important tool for today’s businesses. In this article, we propose a counting-process-based Bayesian method for quantifying the effectiveness of email marketing campaigns in conjunction with customer characteristics. Our model explicitly addresses the seasonality of data, accounts for the impact of customer characteristics on their purchasing behavior, and evaluates effects of email offers as well as their interactions with customer characteristics. Using the proposed method, together with a propensity-score-based unit-matching technique for alleviating potential confounding, we analyze a large email marketing dataset of an online ticket marketplace to evaluate the short- and long-term effectiveness of their email campaigns. It is shown that email offers can increase customer purchase rate both immediately and during a longer term. Customers’ characteristics such as length of shopping history, purchase recency, average ticket price, average ticket count, and number...
Sepsis and endotoxaemia in mice stimulate the expression of interleukin- I and interleukin-6 in the central nervous system

1. In previous studies, experimental endotoxaemia was found to stimulate cytokine production in the central nervous system. The effect of sepsis on brain cytokines is not fully known. We compared the effect of endotoxaemia and sepsis on brain interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 expression. 2. Male A/J mice were injected subcutaneously with lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg) or an equal volume of saline as control. Sepsis was induced by caecal ligation and puncture (CLP); control mice underwent sham-operation. Brain tissue was assayed for interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 by ELISA. Northern blotting or the polymerase chain reaction was used to determine cytokine mRNA levels. 3. Administration of endotoxin induced a greater than fourfold increase in brain interleukin-1, a greater than threefold increase in interleukin-6 and an increase in mRNA for both cytokines. Caecal ligation and puncture resulted in increased brain interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 levels, but the changes were less pronounced and occurred later than after injection of endotoxin. There was no detectable difference in brain interleukin-1 mRNA between septic and sham-operated mice, whereas interleukin-6 mRNA was increased in brains of septic animals. 4. Sepsis and endotoxaemia resulted in similar, although not identical, changes in brain interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations and mRNA levels, suggesting that increased cytokine production in the central nervous system is part of the systemic response to sepsis and may be mediated by endotoxin.
Subannular aneurysms associated with acute, massive aortic insufficiency.

Fourteen cases of subannular aortic aneurysms are reviewed. The anatomic and bacteriologic characteristics of these lesions suggest that the infection developed in a previously abnormal heart, with subannular aneurysms developing in malformations at the base of the aorta. The usual septal location of these aneurysms suggests that the developmental defect represents a “forme fruste” of interventricular septal defects. Our experience indicates the treatment of choice is patching of these lesions as if they were interventricular septal defects, rather than approximation of the lips of the aneurysm by sutures. The role of the bacteria involved in the bacterial endocarditis as a factor in the anatomic lesions is considered.
miRNAs in Bone Formation and Homeostasis

During skeletal development, mesenchyme-derived progenitor cells proliferate and differentiate into bone- and cartilage-forming cells. microRNAs (miRNAs) appear to play important regulatory roles in this process, as demonstrated by the diverse abnormalities caused by miRNA manipulation in skeletal cells. Understanding the specific roles of individual miRNAs in skeletal cells will be critical for the development of miRNA-based treatments for skeletal diseases. Several animal studies provide evidence that miRNAs or their inhibitors can be used for the treatment of skeletal conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. miRNA mimics can elevate the expression of beneficial miRNAs when necessary, whereas miRNA inhibitors (antisense oligonucleotides, or ASOs) can block the activity of disease-promoting miRNAs through complementary base pairing. Several modifications of ASOs, such as locked nucleic acids (LNAs), have been devised to improve their stability, specificity, and delivery efficiency in clinical use.
Benefits of a Negative Post

Facebook usage is a significant predictor of self-disclosure of negative feelings.Perceived stress significantly predicts self-disclosure of negative feelings.Venting mediates the effect of perceived stress on relationship maintenance. Despite abundant literature on the benefits of using social networking sites to map user behavior patterns, limited research exists regarding the effects of negative expression via these sites. Responding to this need, the purpose of this study is to address gaps, in both the relationship maintenance and the catharsis theory literature, by examining the connections among Facebook use, disclosure of negative feelings on Facebook (venting), and relationship maintenance behaviors. A survey study with college students from a university located in southeast United States (N=341) was conducted, and the results from logistic regression analyses indicate that Facebook usage and level of perceived stress are significant predictors for individual's venting behaviors. Further, the results indicated that venting negative feelings on Facebook mediates the effect of an individual's perceived stress on his/her online relationship maintenance behaviors.
PAXX and XLF DNA repair factors are functionally redundant in joining DNA breaks in a G1-arrested progenitor B-cell line.

Abstract Classical nonhomologous end joining (C-NHEJ) is a major mammalian DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair pathway. Core C-NHEJ factors, such as XRCC4, are required for joining DSB intermediates of the G1 phase-specific V(D)J recombination reaction in progenitor lymphocytes. Core factors also contribute to joining DSBs in cycling mature B-lineage cells, including DSBs generated during antibody class switch recombination (CSR) and DSBs generated by ionizing radiation. The XRCC4-like-factor (XLF) C-NHEJ protein is dispensable for V(D)J recombination in normal cells, but because of functional redundancy, it is absolutely required for this process in cells deficient for the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) DSB response factor. The recently identified paralogue of XRCC4 and XLF (PAXX) factor has homology to these two proteins and variably contributes to ionizing radiation-induced DSB repair in human and chicken cells. We now report that PAXX is dispensable for joining V(D)J recombination DSBs in G1-arrested mouse pro-B–cell lines, dispensable for joining CSR-associated DSBs in a cycling mouse B-cell line, and dispensable for normal ionizing radiation resistance in both G1-arrested and cycling pro-B lines. However, we find that combined deficiency for PAXX and XLF in G1-arrested pro-B lines abrogates DSB joining during V(D)J recombination and sensitizes the cells to ionizing radiation exposure. Thus, PAXX provides core C-NHEJ factor-associated functions in the absence of XLF and vice versa in G1-arrested pro–B-cell lines. Finally, we also find that PAXX deficiency has no impact on V(D)J recombination DSB joining in ATM-deficient pro-B lines. We discuss implications of these findings with respect to potential PAXX and XLF functions in C-NHEJ.
Creating a Motivated Student Worker

I will give some tips in how to turn all student workers into motivated student workers. I have 13 years of working with student employees. My experience has taught me strategies that work to motivate students. Having students in a work area can be challenging and rewarding. With the proper tools we can remove many of the challenges. Certainly some student staff are productive but many others seem to languish in mediocracy. We will look at ways to avoid having a group of unmotivated workers and build productive employees. We will also touch on some de-motivators that should be avoided. I have found that giving proper time and training to learn the expected work is critical. For student success the work done needs to be monitored and corrected in a way that does not appear as being critical. I've discovered giving the student worker tangible results of the work accomplished can go a long way in creating productivity. Find the right job for the worker by playing to strength helps build confidence in tasks. Lastly, to have a motivated student they must feel appreciated therefore let them know they are appreciated for their work and how it helps you.
Description of Immundisolibacter cernigliae gen. nov., sp. nov., a high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium within the class Gammaproteobacteria, and proposal of Immundisolibacterales ord. nov. and Immundisolibacteraceae fam. nov.

The bacterial strain TR3.2T was isolated from aerobic bioreactor-treated soil from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-contaminated site in Salisbury, NC, USA. Strain TR3.2T was identified as a member of ‘Pyrene Group 2’ or ‘PG2’, a previously uncultivated cluster of organisms associated with the degradation of high-molecular-weight PAHs by stable-isotope probing. Based on its 16S rRNA gene sequence, the strain was classified as a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria but possessed only 90.5 % gene identity to its closest described relative, Methylococcus capsulatus strain Bath. Strain TR3.2T grew on the PAHs pyrene, phenanthrene, anthracene, benz[a]anthracene and fluorene, as well as the azaarene carbazole, and could additionally metabolize a limited number of organic acids. Optimal growth occurred aerobically under mesophilic temperature, neutral pH and low salinity conditions. Strain TR3.2T was catalase and oxidase positive. Predominant fatty acids were C17 : 0 cyclo and C16 : 0. Genomic G+C content of the single chromosome was 67.79 mol% as determined by complete genome sequencing. Due to the high sequence divergence from any cultivated species and its unique physiological properties compared to its closest relatives, strain TR3.2T is proposed as a representative of a novel order, family, genus and species within the class Gammaproteobacteria , for which the name Immundisolibacter cernigliae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The associated order and family are therefore proposed as Immundisolibacterales ord. nov. and Immundisolibacteraceae fam. nov. The type strain of the species is TR3.2T (=ATCC TSD-58T=DSM 103040T).
What Pediatricians Can Do to Address Malnutrition Globally and at Home.

* Abbreviations: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics CDC — : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention PEM — : protein-energy malnutrition WHO — : World Health Organization Malnutrition is directly or indirectly responsible for approximately one-half of all childhood deaths globally.1 Malnutrition is also a major cause of morbidity; in fact, iron-deficiency anemia was the leading cause of years lived with disability among children and adolescents in 2013.2 Malnutrition has 3 principal constituents: protein-energy malnutrition (PEM), micronutrient deficiencies, and overweight/obesity. As we transition from the Millennium Development Goals to the Sustainable Development Goals, tackling malnutrition holds even more importance. Good nutrition is an essential driver of sustainable development because it plays a critical role in child brain development, generates broad-based economic growth, and signals the fulfillment of people’s rights to food and good health. Malnutrition, however, remains widespread globally, and its recognition and prioritization are often neglected by clinicians, practitioners, and policy makers. Of the $10.3 billion budgeted in 2017 for funding US global health programs, the majority is focused on diseases such as HIV, malaria, and tuberculosis, and only $109 million or 1% is directly allocated for nutrition.3 Because the etiologies of malnutrition are multifactorial and interrelated (Fig 1), no single magic bullet exists to eradicate it. FIGURE 1 Major causes of childhood malnutrition and how pediatricians can act. (Adapted from the UNICEF framework and the Lancet Series on Maternal and Child Nutrition.4,5) With the increasing emphasis on early life experiences that take place during the first “1000 days” from conception to 2 years, pediatricians have a unique and important role in addressing childhood malnutrition. The goal of the present article was to describe the role of pediatricians in identifying, treating, and preventing malnutrition and advocating for increased attention to this important public health issue. Nutritional status can be measured at the individual or population level. Reliable assessment tools … Address correspondence to Parminder S. Suchdev, MD, MPH, Emory University, 1760 Haygood Dr, Atlanta, GA 30322. E-mail: psuchde{at}emory.edu
Neutron Diffraction Study of Annealing Textures in Drawn Body-Centered-Cubic Metals

The annealing textures of cold-drawn molybdenum, iron, and an iron base alloy containing 14 pet Al were investigated as a function of annealing temperature by using neutron diffraction techniques. Upon recrystallization, the [110] deformation texture was retained in all cases, and the texture became progressively sharper with increasing annealing temperature. At high temperatures, however, in the case of molybdenum, a new texture appeared. An anomalous diffraction effect was observed for iron; certain (110) plane orientations yielded more integrated intensity than others. Consideration of the problem showed a magnetostrictive effect to be improbable, and a hypothesis concerning the preferred distribution of grains deviating from the ideal [110] orientation is proposed.
Boosting Base-Station Anonymity in Wireless Sensor Networks through Illusive Multiple-Sink Traffic

In applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), all data packets are directed towards a single base-station (BS) over multi-hop routes. The BS is usually responsible for processing the collected data and interfacing the WSN to remote users. The continuous flow of packets towards the BS enables the adversary to analyze the traffic and uncover the BS position. In this paper, we present a technique to counter such a threat by creating the illusion that many base stations are deployed into the WSN. The basic idea is to introduce multiple deceptive relay nodes that generate redundant packets such that the traffic pattern of the network is altered to implicate the presence of multiple data sinks. We present an algorithm that forms a load balanced routing tree (LBRT) for each sink. LBRTs are used to determine the deceptive relay nodes, define the deceptive packet generation rate and route the real data. The simulation results confirm that our proposed countermeasure effectively enhances the location privacy of the BS without significant impact on the network's performance and lifetime.
On fertile ground: An initial evaluation of green care farms in the United States

Green care farms (GCF) provide unique opportunities to persons with disabilities to engage in meaningful and therapeutic activities in farm settings. In this pilot study, the researchers examined the feasibility and impact of the first GCF in the United States. Qualitative interviews (N = 19) and thematic analysis were conducted. GCF participants and family members were enthusiastic about participation and identified benefits such as respite and improved mood. Administrators and farmers indicated that GCF challenged the status quo of funding, programming, and farming. Administrators speculated that the future success of GCF relies upon administrative expertise, local relationships, and managing risk and liability.
Experimental investigation of DCO-OFDM adaptive loading using Si PN-based receiver

In this paper, an experimental investigation of adaptive bit-loading for DC-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) is presented. The carried out measurements demonstrate performance enhancement with DCO-OFDM in a signal-to-noise (SNR) limited environment due to the use of silicon PN photodiode (PD). A PN photodetector usage sets additional bandwidth and SNR constraints that have not been tackled through the majority of published works on visible light communications (VLC). Most of the prior reported works employ commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) PIN or Avalanche-photodiodes (APD) offering by default higher SNR and larger bandwidth than PN-type PDs. This approach targets at taking one step towards fully integrated low cost fabrication VLC systems. The link utilizes a 650-nm red LED source and a CMOS-compatible reverse-biased PN photodetector receiver. A separation of 4 meters makes the link compatible with indoor VLC applications. A data-rate performance of 172 Mb/s is measured with a bit-error-rate (BER) of 1.9×10−3 which is below the forward error correction (FEC) VLC limit. The effective DC power consumption of the link is about 345 mW. This presents, to the authors' knowledge, a record energy-per-bit performance of around 2 nJ/bit at 172 Mb/s over all reported VLC links to date.
Low-Dose Aspirin and Pancreatic Cancer Risk-Letter.

We very much enjoyed reading the recent article by Risch and colleagues ([1][1]), which examined the association between aspirin use and pancreatic cancer risk in a population-based case–control study in Shanghai, China. The authors' conclusions that regular aspirin use may confer chemopreventive
Aging Attitudes and Daily Awareness of Age-Related Change Interact to Predict Negative Affect.

Background and objectives Possessing more positive views of one's own aging is associated with better self-rated health, reduced reactivity to stressors, and better well-being. We examined two components of aging attitudes: awareness of age-related change (AARC) of loss and gain experiences and attitudes toward own aging (ATOA). We expected that AARC would vary day-to-day and interact with ATOA to predict daily negative affect. Research design and methods One hundred and sixteen participants (61% women, M age = 64.71, range 60-90) reported on 743 total days via an online daily diary study. On Day 1, participants reported baseline ATOA and baseline AARC for losses and gains. On Days 2-9, daily stressor exposure, daily AARC losses and gains, and negative affect were reported. Results Unconditional multilevel models revealed significant within-person fluctuation in daily AARC losses and gains. Controlling for daily stressors, age, and baseline AARC, daily increases in AARC losses were associated with increases in negative affect and a cross-level interaction revealed that this effect was stronger for those with more positive ATOA. Discussion and implications AARC gains and losses vary from day-to-day, suggesting that interventions targeting the contextual fluctuations in daily life may be a promising avenue for future research. Specifically, individuals who feel generally positive about their own aging, although less likely to report awareness of daily age-related losses, may be the most vulnerable when they do occur. Efforts to reduce daily AARC losses (e.g., limiting activities due to age, receiving help because others assume age-related deficits) may improve the daily well-being of older adults.
High-Impact Entrepreneurship

In recent years, economists have come to recognize the crucial role of entrepreneurs in innovation and growth and the significant contribution of innovation and growth to prosperity and economic welfare (Acs & Armington, 2006; Audretsch, 2006; Schramm, 2006). Innovation and growth—much more than state-guided efforts to ameliorate static “market failures” such as monopoly power—allow economies to lift individuals out of poverty and to provide for growing and aging populations. According to Leibenstein (1978, 50)
CramSim: controller and memory simulator

The explosion of digital data and the high computation demands of data analysis have made the memory system a major contributor to the performance and power consumption of modern computing systems. Both industry and academia have proposed innovations such as new memory architectures, interfaces, devices, and topologies, that has lead to a vast increase in the design space of memory systems. In this paper, we present CramSim, which is a flexible, extensible, and scalable simulation framework designed to help efficiently explore the vast design space of memory systems. CramSim is designed on top of SST (Structural Simulation Toolkit) to decouple basic functional blocks of the memory system into separate components. This modular design eases modeling of individual components and evaluation of various configurations of memory systems.
Evaluating and improving recruitment and retention in an mHealth clinical trial: an example of iterating methods during a trial.

Background: Recruitment and retention strategy investigations in mHealth clinical trials are rare. Technology presents an opportunity to intensely and remotely evaluate recruitment, use of mobile apps, and retention, leading to new insights for continuous improvement of mHealth trials. The objective of this paper is to present a case study in which a trial evaluated and changed strategies during a clinical trial to improve recruitment, adherence to study protocols, and retention in the mHealth trial. Methods: In Fall 2015, the NUYou trial enrolled 150 college freshmen in an mHealth protocol. Three months after study initiation, NUYou struggled to meet recruitment goals and maintain anticipated usage levels of the study smartphone application. Two sets of data were collected to improve recruitment and retention: a survey about recruitment was sent to the target population and surveys regarding usability of the app was sent to the study sample. Survey results informed improvements in recruitment strategies, the study retention protocol, and the smartphone application. Results: Survey results revealed several insights including misunderstanding components of the trial by potential participants, low perceived usefulness of the app, and little recall or impact of the incentive structure. After implementation of user-centered improvements, the second cohort of NUYou recruitment in the fall of 2016 produced an equal sample size in 4 weeks less time. Winter quarter of 2016 compared to 2017 demonstrated an improvement in retention via app use and completion of weekly in-app surveys. Conclusions: Recruitment and retention in clinical trials continues to be a critical challenge and mHealth trials may present both unique challenges and opportunities. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe a systematic evaluation followed by changes and further evaluation to recruitment, use of the mHealth application, adherence to study protocol, and retention during an mHealth clinical trial. Future work should adopt and explicitly study these processes to optimize both enrollment and retention in these types of trials to preserve validity and reliability of research results.
Economic burden of neonatal sepsis in sub-Saharan Africa

Background and significance The third Sustainable Development Goal for child health, which aims to end preventable deaths of newborns and children less than 5 years of age by 2030, cannot be met without substantial reduction of infection-specific neonatal mortality in the developing world. Neonatal infections are estimated to account for 26% of annual neonatal deaths, with mortality rates highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Reliable and comprehensive estimates of the incidence and aetiology surrounding neonatal sepsis in SSA remain incompletely available. We estimate the economic burden of neonatal sepsis in SSA. Methods Data available through global health agencies and in the medical literature were used to determine population demographics in SSA, as well as to determine the incidence, disease burden, mortality and resulting disabilities associated with neonatal sepsis. The disability-adjusted life years (DALY) associated with successful treatment or prevention of neonatal sepsis in SSA for 1 year were calculated. The value of a statistical life (VSL) methodology was estimated to evaluate the economic burden of untreated neonatal sepsis in SSA. Results We conservatively estimate that 5.29–8.73 million DALYs are lost annually in SSA due to neonatal sepsis. Corresponding VSL estimates predict an annual economic burden ranging from $10 billion to $469 billion. Conclusions Our results highlight and quantify the scope of the public health and economic burden posed by neonatal sepsis in SSA. We quantify the substantial potential impact of more successful treatment and prevention strategies, and we highlight the need for greater investment in strategies to characterise, diagnose, prevent and manage neonatal sepsis and its long-term sequelae in SSA.
Early gesture use in fragile X syndrome.

BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that children with fragile X syndrome (FXS) exhibit abnormal gesture use early in development, although few studies have investigated the emergence of gesture use in this population or the impact of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) features on these behaviours. The present study examined the longitudinal development of gesture use in infants with FXS relative to low-risk controls and infant siblings of children with ASD (high-risk siblings), with the goal of establishing potentially unique patterns of gesture development in infants with FXS and understanding the relative impact of ASD symptom severity on these patterns. METHOD Participants included 86 male infants (39 FXS, 27 high-risk siblings and 20 low-risk infants) assessed at 9, 12 and 24 months of age. Multilevel modelling was used to assess differences in number of gestures used and rates of gesture use across groups, as well as the relative impact of ASD symptom severity and nonverbal skills on these patterns. RESULTS Infants with FXS used fewer gestures than high-risk siblings and low-risk infants, with this difference being primarily accounted for by the effect of low nonverbal abilities in the FXS group. Furthermore, although higher ASD symptom severity was associated with the use of fewer gestures in both the FXS and high-risk sibling groups, a significant amount of variance was shared between ASD symptom severity and nonverbal skills in FXS, but not in high-risk siblings. CONCLUSIONS This study presents the first longitudinal analysis of early gesture development in FXS by using a multigroup design, clarifying the relative roles of cognitive deficits and ASD symptom severity in the development of gesture use in FXS. These findings offer novel evidence that early gesture use in FXS may reflect broader features of the FXS phenotype rather than predicting later social-communicative deficits characteristic of comorbid ASD.
ASTLOG: a language for examining abstract syntax trees

We desired a facility for locating/analyzing syntactic artifacts in abstract syntax trees of C/C++ programs, similar to the facility grep or awk provides for locating artifacts at the lexical level. Prolog, with its implicit pattern-matching and backtracking capabilities, is a natural choice for such an application. We have developed a Prolog variant that avoids the overhead of translating the source syntactic structures into the form of a Prolog database; this is crucial to obtaining acceptable performance on large programs. An interpreter for this language has been implemented and used to find various kinds of syntactic bugs and other questionable constructs in real programs like Microsoft SQL server (450Klines) and Microsoft Word (2Mlines) in time comparable to the runtime of the actual compiler. The model in which terms are matched against an implicit current object, rather than simply proven against a database of facts, leads to a distinct "inside-out functional" programming style that is quite unlike typical Prolog, but one that is, in fact, well-suited to the examination of trees. Also, various second-order Prolog set-predicates may be implemented via manipulation of the current object, thus retaining an important feature without entailing that the database be dynamically extensible as the usual implementation does.
Ophthalmologic Aspects of Headache

Pain around the eye can be caused by local ophthalmic disorders or by disease of other structures sharing trigeminal nerve sensory innervation. In general, most ocular causes for pain also cause the eye to be red, thus alerting the examiner to the focality of the problem. However, conditions like eyestrain, intermittent angleclosure glaucoma or neovascular glaucoma, and low-grade intraocular inflammation can be painful and not be associated with obvious redness. Ocular signs and symptoms also occur with numerous other causes of headache. Double vision in association with periocular pain can result from orbital lesions, isolated cranial neuropathies, and cavernous sinus lesions. Pupillary abnormalities like Horner's syndrome may result from a variety of painful conditions, including cluster headache, parasellar neoplasms or aneurysms, internal carotid dissection or occlusion, and Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. Pain with a dilated and unreactive pupil may reflect a benign condition like Adie's syndrome or ophthalmoplegic migraine, or it may herald the presence of a life-threatening posterior communicating artery aneurysm. Headache and transient visual loss can be manifestations of classic migraine, or be symptoms of ocular hypoperfusion from ipsilateral internal carotid occlusion or increased intracranial pressure from pseudotumor cerebri. In a young patient, head pain with a fixed visual deficit may result from optic neuritis, in an older adult, temporal arteritis may be the culprit. Ophthalmologic aspects of headache thus encompass problems that range from simple and benign to complex and formidable.
Studies of Dendrites Grown Utilizing Intersecting Twin Planes

Dendrites of Ge, Si, and the III–V intermetallic compounds have been grown in the form of platelets and ribbons utilizing the twin plane re-entrant edge mechanism [1–3]. In addition, certain metals, such as the fcc metals [4], Cd [5], and Bi [6], have been grown by this technique. The platelets and ribbons are lathlike with two or more twin planes lying parallel to the main faces [2]. Other elongated shapes of these materials have been grown and found to contain intersecting twin planes. Faust and John [7] and later Faust et al. [8] gave many possible configurations of intersecting twin planes. The number of intersecting twin planes can be from two to five for the diamondlike and fcc lattices. One could have more than five twins, but this means more grain boundaries in addition to the twin boundaries and are of no interest to this study. Unlike the dendrites with parallel twin planes which grow in the (211) directions, and dendrites with no twin planes that grow in the (100) directions, those with the intersecting twin planes grow in the (110) directions. The angles between the intersecting twins will be either 70°32′ or 109°28′. The sum of the angles for a crystal with five intersecting twin planes is only 352°40′, lacking 7°20′ to complete the required 360°.
Characterization of Gas Atomized Cu48Ti34Zr10Ni8 Amorphous Metal Powder

The advent of multi-component metallic alloys, which exhibit relatively good glass forming ability, has opened opportunities for processing metallic glasses into thick cross section components. The relatively good glass forming ability is important because conventional processing techniques (e.g., casting, extrusion and rolling) may be used to fabricate useful shapes while retaining the excellent engineering properties of an amorphous structure. In particular, the favorable processing characteristics of bulk amorphous alloys are the low cooling rates which can be exercised to yield an amorphous structure and the operating temperature range between the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crystallization temperature (Tx). Current work is focused on developing a processing strategy that will allow us to fabricate even larger cross section amorphous alloys than are currently achievable by casting methods. The technique involves producing high pressure gas atomized (HPGA) Cu48Ti34Zr10Ni8 powders and consolidating them at temperatures above Tg, but below Tx. Thermal analysis of atomized powders by DSC provides details of the influence of powder particle size, which is related to cooling rate during atomization. The results of experiments characterizing the thermal and kinetic behavior of Cu48Ti34Zr10Ni8 powders indicate that short processing times are required to retain the amorphous structure during consolidation in the temperature regime between Tg and Tx.
The CitiZINE Project: Reflections on a Political Engagement Project

Zines, or small, self-published magazines, have emerged from counterculture origins to gain popularity in recent years as a tool for democratizing writing in the classroom and community. This essay shares reflections on a campus-community zinemaking project at the University of Central Arkansas called the CitiZine Project, which focused on creating opportunities for university students, faculty, and staff as well as local community members to engage in political zinemaking following the 2016 US presidential election and inauguration.
Development of an Automated Algorithm to Generate Guideline-based Recommendations for Follow-up Colonoscopy

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Physician adherence to published colonoscopy surveillance guidelines varies. We aimed to develop and validate an automated clinical decision support algorithm that can extract procedure and pathology data from the electronic medical record (EMR) and generate surveillance intervals congruent with guidelines, which might increase physician adherence. Methods We constructed a clinical decision support (CDS) algorithm based on guidelines from the United States Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. We used a randomly generated validation dataset of 300 outpatient colonoscopies performed at the Cleveland Clinic from 2012 through 2016 to evaluate the accuracy of extracting data from reports stored in the EMR using natural language processing (NLP). We compared colonoscopy follow-up recommendations from the CDS algorithm, endoscopists, and task force guidelines. Using a testing dataset of 2439 colonoscopies, we compared endoscopist recommendations with those of the algorithm. Results Manual review of the validation dataset confirmed the NLP program accurately extracted procedure and pathology data for all cases. Recommendations made by endoscopists and the CDS algorithm were guideline-concordant in 62% and 99% of cases respectively. Discrepant recommendations by endoscopists were earlier than recommended in 94% of the cases. In the testing dataset, 69% of endoscopist and NLP-CDS algorithm recommendations were concordant. Discrepant recommendations by endoscopists were earlier than guidelines in 91% of cases. Conclusions We constructed and tested an automated CDS algorithm that can use NLP-extracted data from the EMR to generate follow-up colonoscopy surveillance recommendations based on published guidelines.
Occurrence and aetiology of gastrointestinal perforation in patients with vasculitis.

Objectives This study aimed to characterise the presenting features and outcomes of patients with vasculitis and gastrointestinal perforation. Methods Using a retrospective cohort design, this study included 20 cases with verified vasculitis and gastrointestinal perforation at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA, between 1998 and 2017. Results Four of the twenty cases experienced vasculitis-induced perforation. Cases with perforations due to vasculitic involvement had more small bowel involvement, longer duration of abdominal pain prior to perforation (41 days vs. 0 days, p=0.005), and a higher proportion of active tobacco use (75% vs. 7%, p=0.01) compared to the cases with non-vasculitis perforation. A majority (88%) of the non-vasculitis perforations were associated with glucocorticoid use. The median cumulative glucocorticoid dose prior to perforation in patients with additional, non-vasculitic risk factors for perforation was 4,320 mg prednisone and was 22,170 mg for those without additional risk factors. Mortality rates for the whole cohort were higher than the general population (standardised mortality ratio: 2.19, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 4.02). The cases with vasculitis-induced perforation tended to have increased number of surgeries and length of stay compared to the non-vasculitis cases; however, those differences failed to reach statistical significance. Conclusions Small bowel location and longer abdominal pain duration may help distinguish vasculitis-induced bowel perforation from other etiologies. Overall mortality in patients with vasculitis and bowel perforation is increased, highlighting the importance of prompt diagnosis and management.
A Meta-Analysis of AACSB Program Learning Goals.

The author’s purpose was to examine learning goals for undergraduate business programs, identify the level of alignment with Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) guidance, ...
Why Fiscal Stimulus is Unlikely to Work

This paper reviews the empirical literature on countercyclical policy. It finds that three types of countercyclical policies have been studied in the literature: built-in stabilizers, temporary policy changes and more permanent policy changes. The literature is decidedly mixed on the effectiveness of temporary changes, but more hopeful concerning the other two.
The Meaning of ‘Secular’ as a Scientific Concept

The meaning of ‘secular’ in the scientific use of ‘secular trend’, ‘secular variation’, and similar terms is a topic that merits historical investigation. The scientific meaning for ‘secular’ has an origin and independent role apart from both religion and secularization. Fields in the social sciences, life sciences, and natural sciences have been using the concepts of ‘secular trend’ and ‘secular variation’ for almost two centuries. The field of economics was the first among the social sciences, while epidemiology was the first in the life sciences. Both disciplines adapted the use of ‘secular trend’ and ‘secular variation’ from the earth sciences, which borrowed the idea of ‘secular’ from astronomy. Early astronomical texts first used ‘secular’ to describe ‘secular inequalities’ and ‘secular variations’ in long-term patterns to celestial motions. Astronomers had found saeculum to be a convenient Latin word from ancient Rome to refer to a century’s duration. This article recounts the intellectual history of the scientific uses, which continue to lack a relationship with anything religious to the present day.
Ordered Rate Constitutive Theories for Non-Classical Thermofluids Based on Convected Time Derivatives of the Strain and Higher Order Rotation Rate Tensors Using Entropy Inequality.

This paper considers non-classical continuum theory for thermoviscous fluids without memory incorporating internal rotation rates resulting from the antisymmetric part of the velocity gradient tensor to derive ordered rate constitutive theories for the Cauchy stress and the Cauchy moment tensor based on entropy inequality and representation theorem. Using the generalization of the conjugate pairs in the entropy inequality, the ordered rate constitutive theory for Cauchy stress tensor considers convected time derivatives of the Green’s strain tensor (or Almansi strain tensor) of up to orders n e as its argument tensors and the ordered rate constitutive theory for the Cauchy moment tensor considers convected time derivatives of the symmetric part of the rotation gradient tensor up to orders n Θ . While the convected time derivatives of the strain tensors are well known the convected time derivatives of higher orders of the symmetric part of the rotation gradient tensor need to be derived and are presented in this paper. Complete and general constitutive theories based on integrity using conjugate pairs in the entropy inequality and the generalization of the argument tensors of the constitutive variables and the representation theorem are derived and the material coefficients are established. It is shown that for the type of non-classical thermofluids considered in this paper the dissipation mechanism is an ordered rate mechanism due to convected time derivatives of the strain tensor as well as the convected time derivatives of the symmetric part of the rotation gradient tensor. The derivations of the constitutive theories presented in the paper is basis independent but can be made basis specific depending upon the choice of the specific basis for the constitutive variables and the argument tensors. Simplified linear theories are also presented as subset of the general constitutive theories and are compared with published works.
Exposure to coronavirus news on mainstream media: The role of risk perceptions and depression.

Objective: The mainstream media tend to rely on news content that will increase risk perceptions of pandemic outbreaks to stimulate public response and persuade people to comply with preventive behaviours. The objective of this study was to examine associations between exposure to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) news, risk perceptions, and depressive symptoms. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from 501 participants who were ≥18 years. Exposure to COVID-19 news was assessed as our exposure variable. We screened for depression (outcome variable) with the Patient Health Questionnaire and examined the roles of risk perceptions. Multiple linear regressions and mediation analysis with 1000 bootstrap resamples were conducted. Results: Participants were 55.29% female, 67.86% White with mean age 32.44 ± 11.94 years. After controlling for sociodemographic and socio-economic factors, news exposure was positively associated with depressive symptoms β = .11; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 0.02-0.20. Mediation analysis showed that perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 mediated 34.4% of this relationship (β = .04; 95%CI = 0.01-0.06). Conclusion: Perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 can serve as a pathway through which exposure to COVID-19 news on mainstream media may be associated with depressive symptoms. Based on our findings, we offered recommendations for media-health partnership, practice, and research.
Minority stress and body dysmorphic disorder symptoms among sexual minority adolescents and adult men.

Abstract Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has a prevalence rate of 2.4 % among U.S. adults; however, little is known about BDD among sexual minority men. Minority stressors (fear of rejection, sexual orientation concealment, internalized homophobia, discrimination/prejudice) may be risk factors for BDD in this population. Thus, the purpose of the current study was to estimate the occurrence of BDD in a sample of sexual minority men and investigate associations between minority stressors and BDD. Participants were recruited via social media, and survey data were collected from 268 sexual minority adolescent boys and adult men (M = 24.59 years, SD = 5.37 years). Regression models included either positive BDD screen or levels of BDD symptoms as dependent variables and the four aforementioned minority stressors as explanatory variables. The occurrence rate of positive BDD screens was 49.3 %. Gay-related rejection sensitivity and sexual orientation concealment were uniquely associated with greater BDD symptoms, and sexual orientation concealment was uniquely associated with greater odds of positive BDD screens. Given the high occurrence of positive BDD screens in the current sample, compared to the national prevalence, sexual minority stressors may be worthy to explore in etiological models of BDD in this population.