cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
La Familia: methodological issues in the assessment of perinatal social support for Mexicanas living in the United States

Do Mexicanas receive social support from a close network of family and friends during the perinatal period? To answer this question, a longitudinal ethnographic study followed 28 urban Mexican-origin women living in the US from their last trimester of pregnancy through their first month post-partum. A total of 93 interviews with Mexicanas focused on health and social support. All of the women lived in a large western city in the US but varied in their acculturation and income levels. Analyses identified four social support themes from women's experience (the emic analysis) and four social support typologies from the researcher (etic) analyses. The kinds of support women described as emanating from their support networks were inductively identified as Helping with Daily Hassles, Showing Love and Understanding, Being There for Me, and My Family Failing Me. Approximately half of the women reported densely supportive networks. The other women were disconnected from their support networks, or dealt with antagonism or instability in their networks. Women's perceptions of social support differed from the judgements made by the researcher about received support. Specifically, women perceived more network members in the supportive category than did the researcher by a factor of 1.4, and fewer network members in the disconnected category by a factor of 0.7. From an emic perspective, women listed only half as many antagonistic network members compared to the etic analysis (a factor of 0.50). These emic/etic discrepancies complicate clinical assessment of social support, but suggest that data on social support should be collected as part of the clinical processes of perinatal risking. To enhance assessment of social support, a clinically relevant guide is proposed for use by practitioners caring for Mexicanas in the perinatal period.
A polishable amperometric biosensor for bilirubin

An amperometric enzyme electrode for bilirubin based on the incorporation of bilirubin oxidase and horseradish peroxidase within a graphite-epoxy matrix is reported. The resulting bienzyme electrodes are renewable (by polishing) and offer low-potential detection of bilirubin. The limit of detection is 4 × 10−6 M and the response is linear up to 1 × 10−4 M. The influence of various experimental variables is described. The surface-to-surface reproducibility is 14% (in terms of relative standard deviation). The fabrication scheme is simple and the response times are short. The prospects of using amperometric bilirubin electrodes for diagnostic work are discussed.
The Influences of ACTH, Dietary Sodium, Upright Posture and Angiotensin II on Plasma 18-Hydroxy-11-Deoxycorticosterone Levels in Normal Subjects

18-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC), a normal secretory product of the human adrenal cortex, has been found to be elevated in certain forms of experimental and human hypertension. However, normal plasma levels and the acute regulatory factors for 18-OH-DOC secretion in man have not been well documented. To measure 18-OH-DOC levels in man, a specific and sensitive radio-immunoassay procedure was developed. ACTH infusion (Cortrosyn® 0.25 mg × 4 h) produced an 18–20-fold increase in mean 18-OH-DOC levels (5.8 ± 0.8 to 112 ± 12 ng %). After dexamethasone (2 mg p.o. × 2 days) mean levels fell to 0.6 ± 0.1 ng %. Diurnal variation studies under normal activity showed that 0800 h 18-OH-DOC levels (9.9 ± 1.5 ng %) fell by 60% (4.0 ± 0.8 ng %) at 1100 h and by 83% (2.7 ± 0.2 ng %) at 2300 h. To compare the relative responsiveness of 18-OH-DOC to plasma cortisol (F) and aldosterone (aldo), graded low dose infusions of ACTH (12.5-200 mIU/30 min) were performed in 6 subjects. At all infusion rates of ACTH, 1...
Positron lifetimes in blends of recycled polystyrene and polyethylene

Positron lifetimes and intensities are used to characterize the microstructure of products made from the blending of recycled plastics: post-industrial polystyrene and post-consumer high density polyethylene. For samples of various compositions, the extent of polymeric microheterogeneity (homogeneity) is estimated, the degree of crystallinity of the polyethylene phase, and, using a trapping model, the size and number of microvoids. The results obtained correlate well with wide-angle x-ray diffraction measurements and mechanical properties. A unique morphology which results in optimal properties is identified using positron annihilation. Positronenlebensdauern und Intensitaten werden benutzt, um die Mikrostruktur von Produkten zu charakterisieren, die aus dem Verschnitt von wiederverwerteten Plastikmaterialien: Post-Industrie-Polystyren und Post-Konsumenten-Hochdichtopolyethylen hergestellt werden. Fur Proben unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung wird der Grad polymerer Mikroheterogenitat(homogenitat), der Grad der Kristallinitat der Polyethylenphase und, mit einem Trap-Modell, die Grose und Zahl der Mikrohohlraume bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Ergebnisse korrelieren gut mit Rontgen-Groswinkelbeugungsmessungen und mechanischen Eigenschaften. Eine spezielle Morphologie, die zu optimalen Eigenschaften fuhrt, wird mittels Positronenannihilation identifiziert.
Incidence of intracranial hemorrhage complicating treatment with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors: a pooled analysis of major clinical trials.

Abstract PURPOSE: The major risk of therapy with platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors is bleeding. We reviewed trials using these agents to determine if bleeding risks include an increased incidence of intracranial hemorrhage. METHODS: A Medline search identified 14 randomized trials of intravenous platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors for patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention or who had an acute coronary syndrome. We compared the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage among 15,850 patients treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors with that among 12,039 patients treated with placebo. RESULTS: The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage with heparin plus any IIb/IIIa inhibitor was similar to placebo with heparin (0.12% vs 0.09%, odds ratio=1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.6 to 3.1, P = 0.59). The incidence of intracranial hemorrhage with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa drugs alone was similar to that with heparin alone (0.07% vs 0.06%), albeit with a wide confidence interval (odds ratio=1.2, 95% confidence interval: 0.1 to 16, P = 1.0). CONCLUSIONS: Intravenous glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors alone or in combination with heparin do not cause a statistically significant excess of intracranial hemorrhage as compared with heparin alone. Because of small numbers, the data do not exclude the possibility of an excess of intracranial hemorrhage in some groups of patients treated with glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors.
Crack tip parameters for large scale yielding and low constraint configurations

This article introduces a quasi-deformation plasticity theory which takes account of nonproportional loading by means of an orthotropic yield surface. The analysis is used to extend fracture mechanics concepts beyond the normal limits of J-integral theory. A simple correction for crack tip stresses is derived from the quasi-deformation assumption. This correction indicates that the degree of crack tip triaxiality is related to the relationship between the J-integral and the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). Predictions of crack tip stress fields agree well with published finite element results.
Characterization of active nitrogen pools in soils under different cropping systems

Studies were conducted to evaluate the relationships among different active N pools of organic matter in soils at two long-term cropping systems in Iowa. Results indicated that multi-cropping systems, particularly meadow-based systems, enhanced bioactivities of soils. Mono-cropping systems, particularly soybean, reduced soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities. The mineralizable N pool (potential N mineralization;No) was more sensitive to changes in the size of the microbial biomass N (Nmic) than to changes in organic N. One unit change in organic N did not lead to substantial changes in No, but 1 unit change in Nmic resulted in three or more units change in No. The active N pools and turnover rate were more sensitive to changes in organic C than to changes in microbial biomass C (Cmic). A unit change in organic C resulted in 10.6 units change in No, but a unit change in Cmic resulted in only 0.8 unit change in No. Cmic or Nmic are better indexes than organic C or N for the estimation of No or N availability, because biomass values are more highly correlated with cumulative N mineralized during 24 weeks of incubation, with r values ranging from 0.57 (P<0.001) to 0.88 (P<0.001).
Allagochrome II. Effects of Light and Substrate on Allagochrome and Chlorogenic Acid Levels of Incubated Sunflower Leaf Discs

Sunflower leaf discs incubated in the light on carbohydrate substrates exhibit several-fold increases in amounts of extractable allagochrome and chlorogenic acid. These changes are linear with time, and oxygen is required. The light effect saturates at approximately 600 muW/cm(2) "white" light, roughly the compensation point for photosynthesis. Red light is as effective as white light. Incubation in the dark, or in far red light, produces negligible changes in allagochrome and chlorogenic acid content.Sucrose (0.2 m) has been used as the standard substrate. At this concentration, glucose and fructose are slightly more effective. The optimum temperature range for incubation is 20 to 30 degrees . Allagochrome and chlorogenic acid values of both light and dark incubated samples decrease between 30 and 50 degrees , approaching zero at 50 degrees . Net light effects decrease to zero between 40 and 50 degrees .Of the inhibitors tested, 2,4-dinitrophenol, hydroxylamine and salicylaldoxime have no effect on light enhanced allagochrome and chlorogenic acid values except at high concentrations (which are generally deleterious to leaf tissues and cause decreased values for both dark and light incubated samples). Net light effects are completely inhibited, without changes in values of dark incubated discs, by azide (0.1 to 1 mm) and dichlorophenyldimethylurea (1 to 10 mum).Leaf tissues from the xantha mutant of Helianthus annuus do not exhibit a light effect. The absence of light effects in nonphotosynthetic leaf tissue and the inhibiting effects of photosynthetic poisons suggest that the photosynthetic apparatus is somehow involved.An hypothesis for light regulated metabolism via phenolic synthesis is discussed.
Inhibition of rabbit keratocyte and human fetal lens epithelial cell proliferation by retrovirus-mediated transfer of antisense cyclin G1 and antisense MAT1 constructs.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential of gene transfer of cell cycle control genes as treatment of corneal haze or secondary cataract formation. The guiding hypothesis is that strategic modulation of the cyclin G1 or MAT1 gene by retrovirus-mediated gene transfer will inhibit proliferation of rabbit keratocytes (RabK) and fetal human lens epithelial (FHLEpi) cells in vitro. RabK and FHLEpi cell cultures were transduced in triplicate with retroviral vectors bearing either a nuclear-targeted beta-galactosidase, an antisense cyclin G1 (aG1), an antisense MAT1 (aMAT1) construct, or the neo r gene. The presence of beta-galactosidase activity in the transduced cultures was detected by immunohistochemical X-Gal staining, while cyclin G1 and MAT1 protein expression levels were evaluated by Western analysis. Proliferation of RabKs and FHLEpi cells was analyzed by counting the number of cells in the aG1 and aMAT1 vector-transduced cultures over 5 days. The mean transduction efficiency was 34.4% (SD 1.4...
Meshed reversed dermal graft in patients with surgical defects of sole and scalp: technique and long-term results.

background. Defects of the sole and the scalp require a reconstruction technique that combines a high survival rate in poorly vascularized areas with maximal mechanical strain. objective. To describe the technique of the meshed reversed dermal graft for reconstruction and to summarize the postoperative and long-term results. methods. Twenty-one patients have undergone reconstruction of defects following excision of acral lentiginous melanoma of the sole or squamous cell carcinoma of the sole or scalp. One patient had undergone covering of a perforating ulcer of the foot. results. In 19 of the 21 patients the meshed reversed dermal graft survived without complications. Of the patients who had undergone successful reconstruction, 14 patients were reinterviewed: 13 reported on excellent functional and satisfying cosmetic results. conclusion. The meshed reversed dermal graft is an appropriate technique for reconstruction of large defects of the sole or scalp because of its high survival rate and excellent long-term functional results.
A Structural VP Model of the Salton Trough, California, and Its Implications for Seismic Hazard

We present a high-resolution, three-dimensional P-wave seismic veloc- ity model of the sedimentary basin in the Salton Trough, southern California, and use the model for spectral-element method (SEM) wave propagation and ground- motion simulations to quantitatively assess seismic hazard in the region. The basin geometry is defined by a surface representing the top of crystalline basement, which was constrained by seismic refraction profiles and free-air gravity data. Sonic logs from petroleum wells in the Imperial Valley and isovelocity surfaces defined by seismic refraction studies were used to define P-wave velocity within the sedimentary basin as a function of two variables:(1) absolute depth and (2) depth of the underlying crystalline basement surface (CBS). This velocity function was used to populate cells of a three-dimensional spatial array (voxet) defining the P-wave velocity structure in the basin. The new model was then resampled in a computational mesh used for earthquake wave propagation and strong ground motion simulations based upon the SEM (Komatitsch et al., 2004). Simulation of the 3 November 2002 Mw 4.2 Yorba Linda earthquake demonstrates that the new model provides accurate simulation of strong ground motion amplification effects in the Salton Trough sedimentary basin, offering substantial improvements over previous models. A hypothetical Mw 7.9 earthquake on the southern San Andreas fault was then simulated in an effort to better understand the seismic hazard associated with the basin structure. These sim- ulations indicate that great amplification will occur during large earthquakes in the region due to the low seismic velocity of the sediments and the basin shape and depth.
Biotechnology and global miscommunication with the public: rhetorical assumptions, stylistic acts, ethical implications

This paper analyzes the assumptions embedded in the language used in some reports issued by the Canadian Biotechnology Advisory Board. The question the author raise and attempt to begin to answer is: What assumptions underlie current attempts by international government agencies concerned with biotechnology to communicate with and involve the public in scientific policy and decision-making, and what do these assumptions, encoded and revealed within stylistic elements of press releases and reports, actually communicate to the public? The author shows how the "language of public communication" reflects values and assumptions that negatively affect the public, and why the author believes the risk model of communication, so central in global, as well as national biotechnology communication with the public, is rhetorically, as well as ethically, flawed.
THE "ACTION" VARIABLE IS NOT AN INVARIANT FOR THE UNIQUENESS IN THE INVERSE SCATTERING PROBLEM

We give a simple example of non-uniqueness in the inverse scattering for Jacobi matrices: roughly speaking S-matrix is analytic. Then, multiplying a reflection coefficient by an inner function, we repair this matrix in such a way that it does uniquely determine a Jacobi matrix of Szego class; on the other hand the transmission coefficient remains the same. This implies the statement given in the title.
THE NEW ECONOMY AND THE AMERICAN DREAM

Recent decades have seen major changes in economic conditions in the United States, including large-scale layoffs and downsizing, erosion of job quality for some workers, and increased reliance on ...
Resource Tracking: Food Availability and Propithecus Seasonal Reproduction

In order to examine the ultimate causes of the strict reproductive seasonality found among Malagasy primates, we compared the feeding ecology and reproductive timing of two Propithecus species in dry forest and in rain forest. We examined the associations between phenology, feeding behavior, and foraging effort over an annual cycle in golden-crowned sifaka (P. tattersalli) and Milne-Edward’s sifaka (P. diadema edwardsi). Specifically, we described resource tracking and reproductive timing for P. tattersalli in very seasonal northern forests and then examined whether P. diadema edwardsi in the less seasonal southeastern rain forest follows similar patterns. Propithecus tattersalli tracks immature leaves such that when they are available this sifaka will concentrate on this food type regardless of the high availability of staple foods such as seeds and mature leaves. Correlation matrices were used to examine the relationships among food availability, diet and foraging effort. Immature leaf consumption was correlated positively with both immature leaf availability and with DPL in the golden-crowned sifaka. The strongest positive correlation was immature leaf availability with DPL and the strongest negative correlation was mature leaf feeding with DPL. High immature leaf availability and high levels of immature leaf feeding occurred in the early wet season. Propithecus diadema edwardsi also increased immature leaf feeding frequency and as well increased total feeding time during periods of increased immature leaf availability. The timing of high immature leaf feeding and availability was similar at both sites. In both species, infants were born in June or July and were weaned in November and December. As Propithecus species are anatomical folivores, the increased nutrient demands on lactating females may require higher quality foods as well as higher levels of food intake. In both species, the period of highest immature leaf intake was during late lactation and weaning. Slight differences in the two species’ responses to seasonality suggest that, although reproduction may be timed such that late lactation and weaning coincide with high levels of immature leaf availability, resource seasonality alone may not be the ultimate cause of strict breeding seasonality in sifaka.
Recalcitrant breast lymphangioma circumscriptum treated by UltraPulse carbon dioxide laser.

background. Lymphangioma circumscription is a relatively rare cutaneous disorder, consisting of superficial and deep lymphatic cisterns. These vascular blebs are difficult to treat, frequently recur, and can cause patients significant morbidity. objective. We report a difficult case of lymphangioma circum-scriptum, recurrent from a two prior surgical treatments, which was treated in a straightforward manner by one of the newer, high-energy, short-pulse carbon dioxide (CO2) lasers. methods. Report of a case and literature review. conclusion. Like continuous-wave CO2 laser systems, the newer, high-energy, short-pulse CO2 lasers may be effective in vaporizing some of the surface lymphatic vessels, which may in turn seal some of the communicating channels to the deeper cisterns, yielding functionally and cosmetically acceptable results for this difficult disorder. However, given the nature of the lesion, the potential for recurrence exists no matter what modality is chosen.
Toward a Systems Approach to Enteric Pathogen Transmission: From Individual Independence to Community Interdependence

Diarrheal disease is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide; thus a large body of research has been produced describing its risks. We review more than four decades of literature on diarrheal disease epidemiology. These studies detail a progression in the conceptual understanding of transmission of enteric pathogens and demonstrate that diarrheal disease is caused by many interdependent pathways. However, arguments by diarrheal disease researchers in favor of attending to interaction and interdependencies have only recently yielded more formal systems-level approaches. Therefore, interdependence has not yet been highlighted in significant new research initiatives or policy decisions. We argue for a systems-level framework that will contextualize transmission and inform prevention and control efforts so that they can integrate transmission pathways. These systems approaches should be employed to account for community effects (i.e., interactions among individuals and/or households).
Effects of electrode misalignment and flow rate changes on the thrust in an electron bombardment engine

The effects of electrode misalignment and ion current variations on the thrust from a single aperture of an electron bombardment ion engine have been investigated using a digital computer. Four types of perturbation have been considered: changes in ion emission rate, changes in axial spacing of the electrodes, transverse misalignment, and tilt between the electrodes. The positions of the plasma boundaries have been determined self consistently with the ion flow rate and electrode configuration for each case. A first-order analysis of the effects of perturbations that destroy the symmetry of the flow has been formed by a suitable combination of solutions obtained assuming planar and circular symmetry. It has been shown that the axial thrust varies linearly with moderate changes in the ion flow rate. Axial changes in electrode spacing produce thrust changes that depend on the operating level and are higher at the higher flow rates. For transverse displacements the changes in ion flow rate as a result of plasma sheath movements are negligible, and the change in thrust results primarily from the geometric changes of the trajectories. It has also been shown that for tilts of the magnitude likely to be encountered, the changes in the thrust are negligible.
RPE65: Role in the Visual Cycle, Human Retinal Disease, and Gene Therapy

RPE65 is an isomerohydrolase expressed in retinal pigment epithelium. It is critical for the regeneration of the visual pigment necessary for both rod and cone-mediated vision. Mutations in human RPE65 cause Leber's congenital amaurosis and other forms of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa which are associated with early-onset blindness. Several RPE65 animal models including two different mouse models and a naturally occurring canine model have been thoroughly characterized to determine the mechanisms that underlie RPE65 associated retinal dystrophies. More recently, substantial effort has gone into designing gene therapies for these diseases. Based on several encouraging reports from animal models, at least three clinical trials are currently underway for the treatment of LCA using modified AAV vectors carrying the RPE65 cDNA and have reported positive preliminary results.
Participation and Rights in Athenian Democracy: A Habermasian Approach

This article analyzes the actual interaction of private and public immunities in ancient Athens, and argues that ancient democracy echoed to a greater extent than traditionally assumed the general dynamics and normative foundations of deliberative democracy. Without denying the important differences that distinguish ancient democratic Athens from modern democracy, I analyze the Athenian situation in light of Habermas's theory of deliberation, and argue that civic and individual liberties in Athens were democracy-enabling because they undergirded the exercise of collective political power. In Athens, the considerable respect accorded to the rule of law (as distinct from majority rule), legitimated private autonomy and created the circumstances that made collective self-government possible. Thus, this article contradicts the dichotomous approach to liberty held by some of the most prominent critics of Athens such as Isaiah Berlin and Benjamin Constant.
Post-modification of conjugated triene polymers via the Diels-Alder reaction†

Polymers from 1,3,5-hexatriene, 1,3,5-heptatriene, and 2,4,6-octatriene were modified by means of the Diels-Alder reaction. Several dienophilic agents were reacted with the polytrienes containing conjugated diene groups to yield cyclic structures incorporated into, and appended to, the polymer backbone. The mild conditions of the post-reactions proved to be convenient for the conversion of highly unsaturated polyhydrocarbons into unique polymers bearing functional substituents. It was proposed that the incomplete reaction of tetracyanoethylene with the 1,3-dienyl groups of the polymer substrates was a result of steric hindrance of the ring structures of the polymer adducts.
Response of shallow-marine carbonate facies to third-order and high-frequency sea-level fluctuations: Hauptrogenstein Formation, northern Switzerland

Abstract Facies patterns in shallow-marine carbonates of the Hauptrogenstein Formation of northern Switzerland (middle Bajocian to early Bathonian) reflect small changes in sea level. Third-order sea-level fluctuations, calculated from large-scale facies patterns (alternations of marl- and carbonate-dominated sedimentary units on the level of members) and subsidence, show two phases of sea-level rise and fall in the late Bajocian and a relative sea-level rise in the early Bathonian. Most of the sedimentary rocks were produced during phases of relative rise and highstand of sea level. No periods of emergence during lowstands are preserved. Sea-level changes of a higher order have been analyzed by facies changes at the outcrop scale. Thin shallowing-up parasequences (0.5–6 m thick) have been correlated across platform, ramp and offshore sedimentary environments. In each of these environments carbonates react differently to sea-level fluctuations. Relative rises in sea level are represented by non-deposition and biogenic sediments, periods of stable or slightly falling sea level are dominated by oolitic sediments: (1) in the offshoal environment, marl layers at the base of thin shallowing-up units are covered by increasingly proximal tempestites; (2) in the ramp environment, oblique-stratified, oolitic and bioclastic grainstones are bounded by marine flooding surfaces; (3) on the platform, marine flooding surfaces are overlain by beds deposited under moderate-energy conditions (coral beds, oncoid beds, platform tempestites) which are in turn covered by high-energy, oblique-stratified oolitic grainstones. Such parasequences, deposited in response to small-scale, high-frequency sea-level changes can be correlated over distances of more than 100 km. A model for evolution and response of carbonate facies to sea-level changes is presented.
Characteristics of marathon volunteers.

The study was designed to survey the extent of undergraduate interest in marathon groups and to investigate the personality characteristics of volunteers for these groups. 367 volunteers and 814 non-volunteers from the same university were compared on levels of dependency and sense of well-being. Findings suggest that volunteers have a lower sense of well-being but greater needs for independence. The results were integrated with previous findings and related to the controversy concerning the level of adjustment of participants in marathons.
Inhibition of dynamin-dependent endocytosis interferes with type III IFN expression in bacteria-infected human monocyte-derived DCs

Type I IFNs (IFN-α/βs) and type III IFNs (IFN-λ1-3) play an important role in host defense against viral infections. The induction of type I IFNs has recently been found to take place also in bacterial infections, and therefore, this study focuses on analyzing the regulation of type III IFNs in response to bacterial stimulation. We found by quantitative RT-PCR that the expression of IFN-λ1 and IFN-λ2/3 mRNAs, as well as that of IFN-β, was similarly up-regulated in response to stimulation with live Salmonella typhimurium or TLR4 agonist LPS in human moDCs. The induction of IFN-λ mRNAs did not require ongoing protein synthesis, and only IFN-λ1 was detected at the protein level. The induction of IFN-λ mRNAs was sensitive to SB202190, Ly294002, and PDTC, which inhibit p38 MAPK, PI3K, and NF-κB activation, respectively. Furthermore, we observed that blocking dynamin-dependent endocytosis pathways with dynasore led to decreased cell surface expression of CD86 and HLA class II molecules and reduced production of IFN-λ1, CXCL10, and IL-6 when the cells were infected with S. typhimurium. Cytokine production was also impaired in dynasore-treated, Streptococcus thermophilus-stimulated cells. Further, inhibition of dynamin prevented S. typhimurium-induced phosphorylation of IRF3 and the internalization of the bacteria. In summary, induction of type III IFNs in bacteria-infected human moDCs requires multiple signaling pathways and involves bacterial phagocytosis.
Vitamin B6 Metabolism in Infants and Children

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the present status of knowledge of the roles of the vitamin in the metabolism of the human infant and child. There appears to be little doubt but that in some fashion a B 6 deficiency alters substrate-enzyme conditions resulting in changes in chemical energetics that eventuate in hyperirritability, hyperacousis, and convulsive seizures. However, in patients with an inborn error of B 6 metabolism or with an acquired defect, large doses of the vitamin are necessary to prevent not only abnormalities of chemical energetics, but also structural changes that become irreversible. The implication of B 6 in nucleic acid synthesis suggests the possibility of impairment of apoenzyme synthesis as well as the formulation of brain structure. Other problems discussed in this chapter represent some of the possible subtle ramifications of B 6 effects in cellular molecular activity. The infrequent episodes of convulsive seizures, mental retardation, anemia, and oxalate stone formation that have been clearly shown to be B 6 related may represent the far end of a spectrum of degrees of severity of these entities.
RADDACL2: a recursive approach to discovering density clusters

Discovering connected regions in data space is a complex problem that is extremely demanding on the user. Datasets often require preprocessing and postprocessing before they are fit for algorithm and user consumption. Existing clustering algorithms require performance parameters to achieve adequate results. Typically, these parameters are either empirically optimized or scanned using brute force, which ultimately adds additional burden to the user. We present RADDACL2, a density-based clustering algorithm, with the intent of reducing overall user burden. The algorithm requires no information other than the dataset to identify clusters. In addition, the algorithm is deterministic, meaning the results will always be the same. Both of these features reduce user burden by decreasing the number of passes one must make to get an outcome. A number of experiments are performed using toy and real datasets to verify the capabilities of RADDACL2 as compared to existing algorithms.
Cytotoxicity of Antibody-Directed Liposomes That Recognize Two Receptors on K562 Cells

Encapsulation of methotrexate-gamma-aspartate in antibody-conjugated liposomes increased its toxicity for K562 cells, a human leukemia cell line that expresses Fc receptors and human glycophorin A. The liposomes were conjugated with either nonspecific mouse IgG, which interacts with an Fc receptor, or with monoclonal anti-human glycophorin, which interacts simultaneously with an Fc receptor and human glycophorin in the cell membrane. The drug in antibody-directed liposomes was up to 20 times more effective than the free drug, and it was 55 times more effective than the drug in liposomes bearing no surface ligand. The efficacy of drug delivery with liposomes directed only to an Fc receptor was reduced ninefold in the presence of soluble human IgG. Efficacy of drug delivery with liposomes directed both to the Fc receptor and to glycophorin A was not reduced by human IgG or soluble antiglycophorin A, but it was reduced twofold in the presence of both soluble ligands. These results were qualitatively consistent with previous studies on the binding of targeted liposomes to K562 cells.
Use of an ophthalmic formulation of megestrol acetate for the treatment of eosinophilic keratitis in cats.

Objective To evaluate a compounded ophthalmic formulation of 0.5% megestrol acetate to treat eosinophilic keratitis in cats. Study design Prospective study. Animals studied Seventeen client owned cats with eosinophilic keratitis in one or both eyes. Methods Eosinophilic keratitis was confirmed by cytology. At each visit, fluorescein staining and photography were performed. Cats were initially treated q 8–12 h with 0.5% megestrol acetate in an aqueous base. Serum glucose was measured at the first or second reexamination. Results Fifteen of 17 (88%) cats had a positive response to treatment, with 6 of 17 (35%) having complete resolution at the first reexamination (2–4 weeks). Two of 17 (12%) cats did not respond to treatment. Most cats required a treatment frequency of once daily to once weekly to maintain remission of disease. No ocular irritation or systemic side effects were noted in any cat. Conclusions and clinical relevance The use of an ophthalmic formulation of 0.5% megestrol acetate is a viable option for treating feline eosinophilic keratitis.
Religion, Family, and Adolescent Drug Use:

Using a national sample of over 17,000 high school seniors, we examined the effect of education of parents, employment status of mother, number of parents in household, religiosity, religious affiliation, gender, and race on alcohol and marijuana use. Contrary to some previous research, neither parental education nor employment status of mother was related to use of alcohol or marijuana. Adolescents who lived with both parents were less likely than adolescents in single-parent homes to use marijuana, although the differences were relatively small. Number of parents in household was not related to adolescent alcohol use. Level of religiosity had a significant association with alcohol and marijuana use among all religious denominations, although the magnitude of the relationship varied by denomination. Religious denomination, gender, and race were also related to drug use.
Everything I Know About Teaching I Learned From Jazz

The instant availability of information has changed the paradigm of teaching. Whereas at one time teaching and learning was information being passed, memorized, and repeated, students can now find their own knowledge. Learning now consists of using information in creative ways and requires a shift in how students are taught. This is quite similar to what occurred in music over a hundred years ago when jazz was introduced to the culture. Music moved from musicians playing what the composer wrote, to creating their own music within a structure. This shift is an apt metaphor for the changes being felt in twenty-first century teaching and learning. The processes of learning and creating jazz provide a way to illustrate new teaching methods that allow students to discover new knowledge through their own creative interests and to develop self-efficacy with the material.
Research Based on IEEE1588 Time Synchronization Network in Digital Substation

This paper introduces the application of time synchronization schemes in digital substation and compares the technical characteristics of them.Aim to meet high-accuracy synchronization requirement of new digital substation,a time synchronization system based on IEEE 1588 which can support sub-microsecond level of accuracy is put forward.The theory of IEEE 1588 is expatiated at the same time.According to IEEE 1588,this paper expounds three application schemes on time synchronization network in substation,and analyzes the limits of IEEE 1588 applied to time synchronization between substations.Lastly,an optimal configuration synchronization network is proposed,on the basis of integrating the GPS and IEEE 1588 technology.
Feeding Time and Finishing Heifer Performance

Abstract One hundred forty-four crossbred heifers were used in a randomized block design with two treatments: 1) cattle fed at 0800 and 2) cattle fed at 1500. Heifers were fed once per day only. Time of feeding did not affect feed intake, average daily gain, or feed efficiency by the end of the 139-d trial. Heifers fed in the morning had significantly better quality grade than those fed in the afternoon.
The effect of age on cerebral blood flow during hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass.

Cerebral blood flow was measured in 20 patients by xenon 133 clearance methodology during nonpulsatile hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass to determine the effect of age on regional cerebral blood flow during these conditions. Measurements of cerebral blood flow at varying perfusion pressures were made in patients arbitrarily divided into two age groups at nearly identical nasopharyngeal temperature, hematocrit value, and carbon dioxide tension and with equal cardiopulmonary bypass flows of 1.6 L/min/m2. The range of mean arterial pressure was 30 to 110 mm Hg for group I ( 65 years of age). There was no significant difference (p = 0.32) between the mean arterial pressure in group I (54 ± 28 mm Hg) and that in group II (43 ± 21 mm Hg). The range of cerebral blood flow was 14.8 to 29.2 ml/100 gm/min for group I and 13.8 to 37.5 ml/100 gm/min for group II. There was no significant difference (p = 0.37) between the mean cerebral blood flow in group I (21.5 ± 4.6 ml/100 gm/min) and group II (24.3 ± 8.1 ml/100 gm/min). There was a poor correlation between mean arterial pressure and cerebral blood flow in both groups: group I, r = 0.16 (p = 0.67); group II, r = 0.5 (p = 0.12). In 12 patients, a second cerebral blood flow measurements was taken to determine the effect of mean arterial pressure on cerebral blood flow in the individual patient. Changes in mean arterial pressure did not correlate with changes in cerebral blood flow (p
All Monica All the Time: Crowding Out the Public Discourse

Five years ago we wrote a book titled Postmodern Public Adminis tration (1995) which, in chapter three, outlined the postmodern condi tion. The following essay may be regarded as a revisiting of that problematic. As a generalization we are not pleased?things have got ten worse; they have not improved. Such a position is not exceptional, indeed we fear that whatever insights we bring to bear are little more profound than CNN's Sunday show: Reliable Sources, with Howard Kurts and Bernard Kalb. Still, our analysis has always been informed by postmodern political philosophy. So, perhaps added depth can be claimed because we are grounded in insights of thinkers with funny sounding names. So, what can we add beyond the commonplace observations that there is a proliferation of media sources, a collapsing of entertainment with news, a further collapsing of tabloid news and "straight" elite news; the credentialing of talking heads hoping for celebrity status jux taposed against "serious" journalists, perhaps also hoping for the same status.
Abstract 4540: Use of SIAH E3 ubiquitin ligase as a biomarker in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

The dismal prognosis of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer points to our limited arsenal of effective anticancer therapies. Oncogenic K-RAS pathway activation is commonly detected in pancreatic cancer. These activations confer drug resistance, drive aggressive tumor growth and metastasis, and ultimately contribute to poor clinical outcome. Currently, there is no curative treatments for pancreatic cancers. Thus, early detection, biomarker discovery, and identifying novel means of countervailing hyperactive K-RAS signals are urgently needed. Seven-In-Absentia Homolog (SIAH), E3 ubiquitin ligase, is an essential downstream component of the RAS signal transduction pathway. SIAH is a member of a highly evolutionarily conserved family of RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligases. Our previous immunohistochemistry (IHC) studies have shown SIAH is a tumor-specific biomarker and SIAH expression is progressively increased as pancreatic tumor progresses from pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) to pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDCA) at late stages. In this study, we expand our observations by comparing the expression patterns of SIAH and several newly identified SIAH-interacting proteins using Mayo clinic pancreatic cancer SPORE tissue microarrays (TMA) in a hope of identifying new vulnerability and novel prognostic biomarkers in pancreatic cancer. We hypothesized that SIAH and SIAH-interacting proteins may serve as useful biomarkers and will help to assess effectiveness of anticancer treatment, disease progress, predict clinical outcome and patient survival in the clinical settings. Moreover, we are evaluating SIAH9s role in the regulation of the SIAH-interacting proteins and validating the potential mechanisms of these dynamic interactions identified in vitro using pancreatic cancer patients TMA. Ultimately, we aim to explore the new cancer vulnerability, develop new therapeutic strategies, and validate novel prognostic biomarkers for pancreatic cancer patients. This study is performed in a double blind control settings and we are currently awaiting the disclosure of the clinical information from the pathologist. Citation Format: Elizaevta Svyatova. Use of SIAH E3 ubiquitin ligase as a biomarker in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4540.
Cosmic Light And Cosmology

Every thinking person is a cosmologist. The child ponders space and time and asks profound questions about their beginning and end. The adult scans the night sky and propounds the same questions, answers to which often include philosophical excursions. The optical astronomer makes quantitative measurements such as the red shift of the spectral lines of distant, extragalactic objects and notes that the shift increases with increasing distance of the object. From this simple (in principle) but difficult (in practice) measurement, a whole generation has become familiar with the concept of an expanding universe.
Urologic Procedures in Patients with Cirrhosis

Surgery has recently become more commonplace in patients with liver cirrhosis. There is a marked increase in surgical morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis undergoing all types of surgery. Here we will address some of the specific considerations to be undertaken during urologic surgical procedures.
Dwarf Irregular Galaxies of the Local Group

Local Group dwarf irregulars (dIrrs) cover an enormous range in star formation properties. Here I discuss these tiny galaxies as probes of star formation at the extremes of low gas densities and low metallicities. We have learned that (1) Star formation is inefficient in dIrrs and yet at very low \(\Sigma_{\rm HI}\) (\(<0.5\) M\(_{\odot}\;\) pc\(^{-2}\)) the star formation rate is higher than expected from a linear extrapolation from star formation at higher \(\Sigma_{\rm HI}\). (2) Star formation correlates with existing stars and stellar feedback could be important. (3) Stellar disks go on for a long ways, often with very regular surface brightness profiles and reaching very low \(\Sigma_{\rm HI}\). (4) Breaks in surface brightness profiles occur at about the same magnitude in both spirals and dwarfs, so something fundamental is taking place there. (5) Dwarf disks appear to grow from the “outside-in”, contrary to spirals. (6) At low metallicity, star formation takes place in giant molecular clouds, but the photodissociation region is large.
Transabdominal robot-assisted diaphragmatic plication: a 3.5-year experience

Objectives Diaphragmatic paralysis, a known cause of dyspnoea, can drastically reduce breathing efficiency, diminishing quality of life. We report our 3.5-year experience with 22 consecutive patients who underwent transabdominal, robot-assisted diaphragmatic plication for diaphragmatic paralysis. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 22 consecutive patients who underwent this procedure by a single surgeon from 5 September 2012 to 12 May 2016. The primary outcome measure was change in dyspnoea severity, which was measured with the 5-point Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale (a score of 5 indicates breathlessness so severe, the individual is homebound). Results Of the 22 patients who underwent robotic diaphragmatic plication, 17 (77.3%) patients were male. Median body mass index was 30 kg/m2 (range 24.2-42.17 kg/m2). Most plications (13 of 22, 59.1%) were left sided; one (4.6%) was bilateral. Median operating time was 161 min (range 107-293 min), but this time was higher for the first 3 procedures (255 min, range 239-293 min). Median length of stay was 2 days, and median time to chest tube removal was 1 day. At follow-up, 20 of the 22 (91%) patients reported improved breathing and 2 reported no change. No patient reported worsened dyspnoea. The median Medical Research Council score changed from 4.0 preoperatively to 2.0 postoperatively (P = 0.001). Conclusions Transabdominal robotic diaphragmatic plication involves small incisions but improves surgical dexterity. Surgical times are reasonable, and this surgical technique can be adopted with a quick but steep learning curve. Early results show good functional outcomes.
Kamikaze Spectres and Transgenerational Memories in Winds of God

This chapter explores how memories of fallen soldiers in World War II intersect religion and secularism in contemporary Japan. While today, the kamikaze can evoke war-affirming rhetoric previously supported by religion and the state at institutions like the Yasukuni Shintō Shrine, the chapter argues that artistic productions like Winds of God (1988–2015) can revise memories of the soldier. By staging a transgenerational encounter between present individual and kamikaze pilot, Winds of God offers alternative ways of remembering the kamikaze and approaching the past.
Viewer location and student achievement

In a recent report in this journal, Hayman presented data which suggest that the farther the student sits from the screen in a television classroom, the greater his achievement in the course (I). While finding conclusive evidence that achievement suffers when the student must view the set at an angle greater than 40 degrees, the author reported a positive correlation between distance from the set and achievement. The difference appears to be fairly large; but the N's are small and the variation in distance is short. The results were not statistically significant. The present report gives results of another investigation of the relationship between distance and achievement. Like Hayman, we had predicted a negative correlation between these two variables. Like Hayman, we found the very surprising result of a positive correlation-in this case a significant one. In the course of the second phase of a two-phase investigation of televised mathematics courses for the middle and upper grades (undertaken before Hayman had published his results), we obtained data on distance from the television set from 244 ninthTHE STUDY