cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of preparative transplantation regimens using carmustine/etoposide/cisplatin or busulfan/etoposide/cyclophosphamide in lymphoid malignancies

Abstract Most bone marrow transplantation preparative regimens use total body irradiation as one component. Recently, however, two non-total body irradiation containing autologous bone marrow transplantation preparative regimens have been evaluated in patients with lymphoid malignancies. The first regimen consisted of carmustine, etoposide, and cisplatin; some patients also received involved-field radiotherapy to sites of prior disease. Of the 79 patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma who participated in this study, 57 (72%) achieved a complete remission and 40 (51%) remain in complete remission. Treatment-related deaths occurred in five patients (6%). The second preparative regimen evaluated consisted of busulfan, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide and included 21 patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, or acute lymphocytic leukemia. Sixteen patients (76%) achieved complete remission and 12 (57%) remain disease free. The regimen-related mortality rate in this study was 14%. The three treatment-related deaths were all due to pulmonary toxicity. The results of these clinical trials indicate that both the carmustine/etoposide/cisplatin regimen and the busulfan/etoposide/cyclophosphamide regimen are effective in treating lymphoid malignancies. Treatment-related toxicities and deaths are significant, but not prohibitive. Accordingly, these new preparative regimens deserve further evaluation in the treatment of patients with lymphoma or leukemia.
Simple Steps: Teaching Legal Argumentation Using the Legal Argument Template

The paper introduces a legal argument template which helps students write simple legal arguments. The template is based upon the FIRAC model used in law schools. The paper describes the major theories of cognitive development and critical thinking models upon which the template is based.
Pneumocystis — A Genus Long Known, But with Relationships Only Recently Appreciated

Chagas first described Pneumocystis in print in 1909, when he mistakenly identified it as a morphological form of Trypanosoma cruzi. Within a few years of this first report, further studies established that the microbe in question was not a Trypanosome, but a new species of microbe (Delanoe and Delanoe 1912). Hence, Pneumocystis can be regarded as an old organism since almost 100 years have passed since its existence and potential to cause disease were recognized. Description of the disease Pneumocystis causes proceeded relatively quickly, and significant advances were in place by 1970 (reviewed in Burke and Good 1973; Walzer et al. 1973). However, the fundamental nature of this microbe was slower to be defined and appreciated. Most investigators considered it to be a protozoon until 1998, when studies on its DNA began to provide the first unequivocal evidence that Pneumocystis is a fungus.
Oral Sensory Changes in Aging

Perception of oral sensory intensity was assessed in healthy, community-dwelling men (n = 46) and women (n = 41) between 25 and 93 years of age. Cross-modal matches of distance to perceived intensity were obtained for five types of oral stimuli (sugar water, salt water, heated or chilled water, water thickened with methylcellulose, and local pressure on the dorsal tongue). Differences among stimulus types were observed for measures of response size (mean, median, maximum, and range of response distance and rate of increase with stimulus strength), but not measures of judgment quality, repeatability (ICC), and conformity to a linear rise with stimulus strength (r2). Age had no significant effect on any of the response measures for any stimulus type except pressure. All measures of response to lingual pressure except median size declined significantly with age. We conclude that (a) the various oral stimulus types elicit perceptions that differ in intensity but were judged with similar accuracy, and that (b) aging brings a specific decline in the perception of localized lingual pressure while both size and accuracy of intensity judgments are maintained for the other oral sensitivities tested.
Does the Pain of Rejection Promote the Pleasure of Revenge? A Neural Investigation of Cingulo-Striatal Contributions to Violence

OF DISSERTATION DOES THE PAIN OF REJECTION PROMOTE THE PLEASURE OF REVENGE? A NEURAL INVESTIGATION OF CINGULO-STRIATAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO VIOLENCE Aggression is a dynamic and costly feature of human behavior. One reliable cause of aggression is social rejection, though the underlying mechanisms of this effect remain to be fully understood. Previous research has identified two psychological processes that are independently linked to aggressive retaliation: pain and pleasure. Given recent findings that pain magnifies the experience of pleasure, I predicted that the pain of rejection would promote the pleasure of aggression and thus, aggression itself. I also expected that this indirect effect of aggressive pleasure would only be observed among individuals with weaker self-regulatory abilities that are necessary to cope with rejection’s sting. To test these hypotheses, I performed a functional neuroimaging experiment in which I acquired neural signatures of social pain and aggressive pleasure, as well as behavioral measures of aggression itself and self-regulatory abilities. Using a moderated-mediation approach, I observed that, among individuals high in self-regulatory abilities, neural signatures of social pain predicted less aggressive retaliation in response to social rejection. This effect was mediated by reduced activity in the brain’s reward network during retaliatory aggression. Among individuals low in self-regulatory abilities, no such effects on aggression were observed. These findings suggest that social pain can buffer individuals against aggressive behavior, but only when people have the selfregulatory ability to do so. Much of human action is motivated by pain and pleasure, understanding their roles in aggression is a critical step in eliminating such violence.
The Prevalence and Characteristics of REM Sleep without Atonia (RSWA) in Patients Taking Antidepressants

Study Objectives:The association of REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) as well as REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) with the intake of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and selective nore...
Hypotension during vasopressin receptor blockade: role of V2 receptors and sympathetic nervous system.

This study investigated possible mechanisms for the hypotension produced by nitroprusside infusion in conscious dogs pretreated with a V1 vasopressin antagonist. The hypothesis that an action of va...
Consumer Attitudes toward Advertising: Does Culture Matter?

This Paper focuses on the structure of consumer attitudes toward advertising. Specifically, this research examines differences, if any, between American and Latvian consumers on the factors that determine attitudes toward advertising.
Cell Suspension Techniques in Neurotoxicology

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on cell suspension techniques and neurotoxicology and tries to identify those neural-derived cell suspensions that have provided meaningful physiological and neurotoxicological data. This chapter lists established cell suspension systems for use in neurobiological and neurotoxicological investigations. Such cell suspensions may be obtained as primary cell dissociates, for instance, directly derived from cerebrum, cerebellum, dorsal root ganglia, or even brain slice preparations in contrast to the resuspension of cells secondarily derived from a tissue culture system. Cell suspensions obtained from certain cell cultures allow for a variety of special preparations, not easily available from the primary dissociate due to yield or cell contamination. This chapter summarizes potential advantages and disadvantages of cell suspensions compared to tissue culture studies. It is concluded that both systems provide excellent fixation for immunocytochemistry and ultrastructure. In each case, the rapidity and ease of immediate fixation contrasts sharply with the need for perfusion to provide equivalent optimum ultrastructural observations in vivo. Both systems allow for appropriate biochemical and biophysical methods but the ease and greater cell yield associated with bulk separation and suspension provide for broader biochemical investigations.
Electrochemical Exfoliation of Graphite: Effect of Temperature and Hydrogen Peroxide Addition

Abstract Controlling the defect density in graphene is critical to manipulate materials properties and functionality through synthesis and processing. In this work, graphene was prepared by electrochemical exfoliation method at different temperatures from 25 to 95 °C with and without the addition of H 2 O 2 . The effect of both the exfoliation temperature and H 2 O 2 addition on governing the defect density and oxygen functional groups in graphene was investigated using Raman spectroscopy analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The number of defects, which can be edge defect or oxygen functional groups, decreases with the increase of exfoliation temperature from 25 to 95 °C. This can be explained by nucleophilicity of hydroxyl ions and peroxide ions. The thermal stability of the as-synthesized graphene increases with increasing exfoliation temperature and the amount of H 2 O 2 addition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to characterize the morphology and the layer number of the as-synthesized graphene.
Dopaminergic Modulation of Glutamatergic Signaling in Striatal Spiny Projection Neurons

Dopamine (DA) is a key modulator of action selection and habit learning. The striatum has long been thought to be a major locus of DA action in this process. Although all striatal cell types express G protein–coupled receptors for DA, the effects of DA on medium spiny projection neurons (MSNs) understandably have received the most attention. In the two principal classes of MSN, DA receptor expression diverges, with direct-pathway MSNs robustly expressing D1 DA receptors and indirect-pathway MSNs expressing D2 DA receptors. In the last couple of years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of how DA modulates striatal circuits underlying learning, and how therapeutic interventions intended to normalize disordered DAergic signaling can go awry. This chapter highlights some of the major advances in these areas.
Mesenteric angiographic studies in children with regional enteritis.

Mesenteric angiography in three children with active regional enteritis demonstrated arterial dilatation, a dense capillary phase, and early dense venous filling. These observations differ somewhat...
Simulating Population Behavior: Transportation Mode, Green Technology, and Climate Change

This paper presents a decision tool intended to help achieve the goal of reduction in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the greater Philadelphia region by the year 2050. The goal is to explore and build a pre-prototype to evaluate the value of the role for agents, alternative data sources (Census, energy reports, surveys, etc.), GIS modeling, and various social science theories of human behavior. Section 2 explains our initial research on an Agent Based Model (ABM) built upon the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Discrete Decision Choice model (DDC) to model consumer technology adoption. The users can utilize the proposed ABM to investigate the role of attitude, social networks, and economics upon consumer choice of vehicle and transportation mode. Finally, we conclude with results on agent decisions for which transit mode to use and whether to adopt greener technologies.
Observation of photoexcited emission clusters in the bulk of KDP and laser conditioning under 355-nm irradiation

Defect clusters in the bulk of large KDP crystals are revealed using a microscopic fluorescence imaging system and CW laser illumination. Exposure of the crystal to high power 355-nm, 3-ns laser irradiation leads to a significant reduction of the number of observed optically active centers. The initially observed defect cluster concentration is approximately 104-106 per mm3 depending on the crystal growth method and sector of the crystal. The number of defect clusters can be reduced by a factor of 102 or more under exposure to 355-nm laser irradiation while their average intensities also decreases. Spectroscopic measurements provide information on the electronic structure of the defects.
Impact of connected and automated vehicles on traffic flow

In this paper, we investigate the impact of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) on traffic flow at merging roadways and develop a microscopic simulation framework to explore the implications on fuel consumption and travel time. In this framework, we use optimal control to simulate the behavior of CAVs and the Gipps car following model to capture the behavior of human-driven vehicles. The simulation results show that CAVs can contribute to significant fuel consumption and travel time reduction for diverse traffic conditions under average and high congestion scenarios. Furthermore, we show that CAVs allow for more stable traffic patterns even for high density traffic.
Relational Levels of the “Container-Contained” in Group Therapy

The cornerstone of W. R. Bion's theory of individual and group development is that thinking is a primary emotional need, and it matures in the context of social communication. Bion (1970) formulated the essential relationship between thinking and communicating in terms of the “container-contained” relationship. Bion (1970) described three types of communication, occurring on different levels of development: commensal, symbiotic, and parasitic. These patterns involve normal and pathological variations of the container-contained and call for different expressions of the therapist's subjectivity. In this paper, I describe each of these alterations as they apply to group therapy and to therapeutic activity. I include case examples of how I utilize the conceptual framework in my work.
Growth Variation Among Hybrid Poplar Varieties in Michigan, USA and the Implications for Commercial Biomass Production.

Variability in biomass yield among 13 varieties of Populus hybrids was examined during a 7-year rotation in a network of 4 field trials in Michigan, USA. Seventh-year yield varied by site, averaging from 15.1 Mg ha−1 in the north to 35.2 Mg ha−1 in the south. Yield varied among varieties, ranging from 3.0 Mg ha−1 for DN70 in the north to 52.9 Mg ha−1 for NM2 in the south. Yield was most strongly correlated with growing season temperatures and rainfall but less with edaphic factors throughout the network. Twenty-eight percent of the total variation in individual tree weight was due to location effects and another 28% was due to genetic factors, including strong genotype by environment interactions. Even though each 64-tree plot comprised genetically identical clones, the remaining 44% of total observed variation among trees occurred within these plots. Five varieties that performed well throughout the network were identified as an elite cohort for general commercial use throughout the region. This cohort yielded as much as 50% more biomass than random selections. Certain varieties did well at one location while not at others because of strong genotype by environment interactions. Locally chosen elite cohorts produced as much as 5% more biomass than the regional elite cohort. Varietal ranking did change over time but it was possible to reliably identify the regional cohort after 3 years and local cohorts after 4 years. Local, long-term testing of Populus hybrids will be necessary to optimize commercial biomass yields and thereby maximize financial returns to growers.
Geohazard Caused by Groundwater in Urban Underground Excavation

This paper addresses the important role of water in geohazard and failure in urban underground excavation. These so-called underground water-related hazards, such as leakage of the tunnel eye due to launching and docking of the shield, failure of the cross-passage excavation, and failure of the retaining wall caused by water ingress for deep excavation, often lead to catastrophic disasters. Leakage of the tunnel eye during shield launching that results in failure was selected for further analysis using finite element simulations. According to this work, the flush-in of water mainly leads to the failure of soils located at the invert of the tunnel immediately behind the wall, and gravity is the cause of such failure phenomena; these findings agree with field observations. A significant reduction in the pore pressure of soils behind the wall associated with water relief through the tunnel eye and the quantity of water flow into the excavation is predicted. Piping failure is also suggested to occur during shield launching under the current arrangements. Finally, according to parametric studies, reducing the soil permeability and increasing the cohesion force are recommended to prevent the opportunity for failure.
Neurath and the Legacy of Algebraic Logic

In this paper I introduce a broader context, and sketch an integrated account with the purpose of examining the significance of Neurath’s attention to logic in early works and subsequent positions. The specific attention to algebraic logic is important in integrating his own interest in mathematics and combining, since Leibniz, the ideals of a universal language and of a calculus of reasoning. The interest in universal languages constitutes a much broader, so-called tradition of pasigraphy that extended beyond philosophical projects. I argue (1) that Neurath’s works can be embedded in a richer intellectual landscape that includes developments in logic and their local reception in Vienna, and that his attention to logic developed a sustained symbolic standpoint – with semiotic and typographic expressions –; (2) that specific aspects of the work in algebraic logic became a standard and a resource in subsequent work often thought independent, while its value was steadily challenged by the separate goal of empirical theorizing and practical application in social domains – including in the areas of economics, history and visual communication –; that (3), in particular, the presentation of systems of algebraic logic by Neurath’s sources such as Stanley Jevons and Schroder was not isolated from discussions of political economy; and finally (4) that some of his positions in matters of language, unity and epistemology in the articulation of logical empiricism and its debates are better understood in terms of shared but diversified acquaintance with pasigraphy, formal standards and logical projects.
Are Corporations Nudging the Nudgers

First came nudge theory. Then nudge policy. And, finally, the ethics of nudging. As is often the case, the ethicists have been running to catch up. But more than a decade after Richard Thaler and C...
Rural Exposures: An Examination of Three Initiatives to Introduce and Immerse Preservice Teachers into Rural Communities and Rural Schools in the U.S. and Australia

One ongoing challenge that educator preparation programs frequently encounter is their limited ability to authentically expose preservice teachers (PSTs) to rural schools and potential careers in rural school districts. To remedy this concern, faculty at three institutions in both the United States and Australia have developed targeted initiatives designed to provide initial exposure to rural schools, build a rural-intensive element within a practicum course, and establish rural immersion experiences for PSTs. A detailed look at the structure of these programs, a comparison of these three diverse approaches, and recommendations for the expansion and sustainability of these efforts are highlighted within this narrative. Through this comparison of activities being advanced in both countries, the authors provide a better understanding of the options and effectiveness related to initial rural school exposure.
Travel choices in alcohol-related situations in Virginia

Using survey data from 3004 respondents aged 21 and older in Northern Virginia, Richmond, and the Tidewater area, this paper identifies factors associated with respondents’ travel choices in alcohol-related situations: (1) the last time the respondent consumed alcohol, (2) when avoiding driving after drinking, and (3) when avoiding riding with a driver who had been drinking. Travel options included using various transportation modes and no travel (spending the night). Multinomial logit models (with and without random parameters) were developed to identify factors associated with each of the three alcohol-related cases. Heterogeneous effects were present in the first two models but not the third. For (1), significant factors included age, income, level of education, occupation, household characteristics, gender, comfort with credit cards tied to applications, location where alcohol was last consumed outside the home (e.g., bar, house of friend, restaurant), and place of residence. For (2), significant factors included age, gender, income, full time employment, living alone, taking multiple modes of transportation in a single trip during a typical week, region of residence, consumption of alcohol at a bar/tavern/club, consumption of alcohol at the home of friends/acquaintances, comfort with credit cards tied to applications, and use of an app for hotel reservations and/or air transportation arrangements. Significant factors for (3) were similar to those for (2). Based on the data (rather than a model), for the subset of those last consuming alcohol in a bar, more people reported using TNCs than driving. It is possible that TNCs draw from other sober driver alternatives by offering greater independence for the traveler and less burden on designated drivers or friends/family.
P-0146 Toxicity of Capecitabine - Limiting Factor of Treatment

ABSTRACT Introduction Capecitabine (Xeloda) is a prodrug of 5-fluorouracil, orally chemotherapeutic drug, and is widely administered in certain advanced malignancies such as breast cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. It is used in adjuvant and also in palliative care. The most frequent side effects are associated with capecitabine treatment involve palmar and plantar erythrodysesthesia (hand-foot syndrome), gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhoea, vomiting), haematology toxicity (neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia). Serious toxicity is not common, but in the some cases it can induced reduction of the dose or discontinuation of capecitabine. Methods In our retrospective analysis we included 288 patients treated with capecitabine from January 2007 to December 2011. 69 patients of this group were excluded due to missing data. The data from 219 patients, 126 men and 93 women were analysed. 178 patients were treated for colorectal cancer, 38 patients breast cancer, 3 patients gastric cancer. We used capecitabine in monotherapy or in combination regiments due to standard given by diagnosis in adjuvant or in paliative care. Results We observed some toxicity in 196 cases, included 67 cases of haematology toxicity (various types or grades), 58 cases of hand-foot syndrome, 42 cases of gastrointestinal toxicity (diarrhoea, vomiting, dyspeptic syndrome), 10 cases of neurotoxicity, 8 cases of cardiotoxicity (serious arrhythmia, acute cardiac infarct, angina pectoris), 4 cases of elevation of the hepatic transaminases and 4 cases of mucositis. Serious life-threatening pancytopenia was occurred in 3 cases, the patients had to be hospitalized in the intensive care unit, one of them died early due to toxicity of capecitabine (serious pancytopenia). The reduction of dose was necessary in 75 cases and in 50 cases was therapy stopped due to unacceptable toxicity during the therapy. Conclusion In 63% of cases in our group the toxicity caused to dose reduction or discontinuation of the treatment. Capecitabine is cytotoxic drug with a large spectrum of toxicities, mostly good manageable, but rarely (in 1.5% of our group) can caused to life- threatening of patients.
John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil

John D. Rockefeller remains a pivotal figure in American economic history. Muckrakers painted a dismal portrait of Rockefeller and his associates. Standard Oil reduced the price of refined oil to consumers, albeit by consolidating the industry and by initially relying upon rebates from the railroads. The firms receiving rebates often shared the benefits with consumers in the form of lower retail prices. Many of Rockefeller’s tactics were not illegal but were certainly ruthless. Standard Oil, however, operated in an environment of increasing competition.
Investigation on intestinal nemtode infections in rural students of Jiangxi Province

Objective To understand the situation of intestinal nematode infection of rural students in Jiangxi Province and to investigate the relating factors. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling investigation was conducted among 60 rural schools and 1 822 students in 6 counties of Jiangxi Province in 2009, and the students'stool were tested for the infections of intestinal nematode as well. The factors related with the prevalence rate were analysed by chi-square test. Results The total infection rate of intestinal nematode of rural students was 12.62% without significant difference on gender( P ＞ 0.05 ). The infection rate of intestinal nematode in Nanchang County was the lowest comparing with that in other counties, the difference showed statistical significance ( P ＜ 0.05 ). The rate of not washing hands after stool was 57.80%, and rate of drinking raw water was 46.54%. The infection rate of intestinal nematode in the students of not nails-clipping was the highest ( 15.95% ) while that of drinking raw water was the second( 15.09% ). The factors of drinking raw water and not nails-clipping were significant to the infection showed with chi-square test( P ＜0.05 ). The infection rate of intestinal nematode among schools of decentralized water supply, non-sanitary toilets and non-hand-washing facilities was higher than the total rate. Conclusion The intestinal nematode infections in rural students in Jiangxi Province were high, and related with the economic condition, health facilities, environmental condition and health behavior of students. Key words: Rural students; Intestinal nematode; Impact factors; Jiangxi Province
GDNF drives rapid tubule morphogenesis in a novel 3D in vitro model for ADPKD.

Cystogenesis is a morphological consequence of numerous genetic diseases of the epithelium. In the kidney, the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the program of altered cell and tubule morphology are obscured by secondary effects of cyst expansion. Here, we developed a new 3D tubuloid system to isolate the rapid changes in protein localization and gene expression that correlate with altered cell and tubule morphology during cyst initiation. Mouse renal tubule fragments were pulsed with a cell differentiation cocktail including glial derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) to yield collecting duct-like tubuloid structures with appropriate polarity, primary cilium, and gene expression. Using the 3D tubuloid model with an inducible Pkd2 knockout system allowed the tracking of morphological, protein, and genetic changes during cyst formation. Within hours of inactivation of Pkd2 and loss of polycystin-2, we observed significant progression in tubuloid to cyst morphology that correlated with 35 differentially expressed genes, many related to cell junctions, matrix interactions, and cell morphology previously implicated in cystogenesis.
Excitations of elementary fermions in gauge Higgs theories

Static quark-antiquark states in QCD, at finite quark separation, have a spectrum of metastable states corresponding to stringlike excitations of the gauge field. In this article I suggest that there may also exist an excitation spectrum of heavy fermions in some gauge Higgs theories deep in the Higgs phase. In this situation there are no color electric flux tubes connecting quarks with antiquarks. There may, nonetheless, exist stable excitations of the bosonic fields surrounding an isolated fermion, below the particle production threshold. I present numerical evidence indicating the existence of such excitations in an SU(3) gauge Higgs theory, with the scalar field in the fundamental representation of the gauge group.
Machine-learning-based inversion of nuclear responses

A microscopic description of the interaction of atomic nuclei with external electroweak probes is required for elucidating aspects of short-range nuclear dynamics and for the correct interpretation of neutrino oscillation experiments. Nuclear quantum Monte Carlo methods infer the nuclear electroweak response functions from their Laplace transforms. Inverting the Laplace transform is a notoriously ill-posed problem; and Bayesian techniques, such as maximum entropy, are typically used to reconstruct the original response functions in the quasielastic region. In this work, we present a physics-informed artificial neural network architecture suitable for approximating the inverse of the Laplace transform. Utilizing simulated, albeit realistic, electromagnetic response functions, we show that this physics-informed artificial neural network outperforms maximum entropy in both the low-energy transfer and the quasielastic regions, thereby allowing for robust calculations of electron scattering and neutrino scattering on nuclei and inclusive muon capture rates.
Genetic and Immunological Evidence for Microbial Transfer Between the International Space Station and an Astronaut

Abstract Microbial transfer from the environment can influence a person’s health, but relevant studies often have confounding variables and short durations. Here, we used the unique environment of the International Space Station (ISS) to track movement of microbes between an astronaut’s commensal microbiomes and their environment. We identified several microbial taxa, including Serratia proteamaculans and Rickettsia australis which appear to have been transferred from the ISS to the commensal microbiomes of the astronaut. Strains were matched at the SNP and haplotype-level, and notably some strains persisted even after the astronaut’s return to Earth. Some transferred taxa correspond to secondary strains in the ISS environment, suggesting that transfer may be mediated by evolutionary selection. Finally, we show evidence that the T-Cell repertoire of the astronaut changes to become more specific to environmental taxa, suggesting that continual microbial and immune monitoring can help guide spaceflight mission planning, health monitoring, and habitat design.
Reconstructing Great Basin Butterfly-Pollen Interaction Networks over the Past Century

Aims: Insects and the plants they interact with dominate terrestrial biomes and constitute over half of the earth9s macro-organismal diversity. Their abundance in museum collections can provide a wealth of natural history data if they are collected as part of careful ecological studies or conservation programs. Here, we summarize pollen-insect quantitative networks gleaned from adult lepidopteran museum specimens to characterize these interactions and to examine how richness and frequency of butterfly-pollen associations have changed over a 100-year time series in Nevada and California. Pollen collected from well-curated butterfly specimens can provide insight into spatial and temporal variation in pollen-butterfly interactions and provide a complement to other approaches to studying pollination, such as pollinator observation networks. Location: Great Basin and Sierra Nevada: California, Nevada. Time period: The last 100 years. Major Taxon studied: Butterflies. Methods: We estimated butterfly-pollen network parameters based on pollen collected from butterfly specimens from the Great Basin and Sierra Nevada. Additionally, we pooled interaction networks associated with specimens captured before and after 2000 to compare pollen-pollinator interaction variation under drought periods in California and Nevada in the last two decades versus previous years in the time series. Results: Butterfly-pollen networks indicated that most pollen-butterfly species interactions are specialized and appear to be different from observational networks. Interaction networks associated with specimens captured before and after 2000 revealed that compared to previous decades, butterfly-pollen networks over the past 20 years had higher nestedness and connectance, with high pollen richness and low pollen abundance. Main conclusions: These findings represent another unique approach to understanding more about pollination biology, and how butterfly-pollen interactions are impacted by climate variation and ecosystem alteration.
Outcomes of Hypertensive Kidney Donors Using Current and Past Hypertension Definitions.

Introduction As many as 50% of U.S. transplant centers do not accept kidney donor candidates with hypertension, citing the link between hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods We ascertained mortality, CVD, proteinuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) trajectory, reduced eGFR, and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 904 hypertensive donors (blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mm Hg or receiving treatment) versus 7817 donors with BP Results Hypertensive donors were older, 58.1% were Conclusions Kidney donors with hypertension defined by past criteria do not appear to incur higher mortality, CVD, or ESKD. Donors with current definition of hypertension enjoyed similar renal outcomes but were more likely to develop CVD.
Use of a Case-Based Blended Educational Session to Improve Physical Therapy Intraprofessional Knowledge and Attitudes

INTRODUCTION Research suggests that physical therapists’ (PT) perceptions of physical therapist assistant (PTA) roles are incongruent with PTAs’ level of training and that these inaccurate perceptions may impede collaborative work. Interprofessional education—learning with, from, and about other students in different professions—results in improved understanding between health profession students and subsequent improved healthcare team function and patient outcomes. Connecting PTs and PTAs during their academic careers can promote improved clinical collaborations, but logistics often prevent these encounters. METHODS We developed a pilot, mixed-methods, blended education intervention with PT and PTA students from local programs to determine if this intervention can positively affect knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of PT and PTA students about each other. A PT and PTA instructor conducted the educational session. PT and PTA students completed pre-readings and met face-to-face for a case-based interactive session regarding state regulatory and supervisory requirements. We evaluated knowledge about state regulations and license requirements using a 6-item pre-post session knowledge quiz about state regulations, attitudes and belief using a pre-post Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Survey, and general session feedback with an electronic post-course feedback survey.RESULTS Knowledge scores significantly improved for PT and PTA students. PT students significantly improved in the “Teamwork and collaboration” Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Survey sub-domain. Qualitative comments were that both groups of students enjoyed interacting and learning about each other’s educational requirements and wanted more time together.
Imaging and Neuropsychological Findings in Chronic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome with Isolated Involvement of the Periaqueductal Gray Matter (5475)

Objective: To describe a case of chronic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) with persistent but isolated signal abnormalities in the periaqueductal gray matter 12 months after onset. Background: WKS is a disorder of thiamine deficiency resulting in confusion, gait ataxia and ophthalmoparesis in the acute stage, with prominent memory loss in the chronic stage. Reported brain MRI findings in consist most often of T2 hyperintensities, diffusion restriction and/or enhancement of the mamillary bodies, medial thalami and periaqueductal gray matter (PAG). However, these findings are most often restricted to the acute stage, whereas imaging of the chronic phase is less well elucidated. Furthermore, isolated radiographical involvement of the PAG in WKS has not been described. Design/Methods: Case Report Results: A 69 year old man with 18 years education developed subacute encephalopathy and gait ataxia in the setting of cholangiocarcinoma, undergoing chemotherapy with rapid 75 pound weight loss. Brain MRI demonstrated T2/FLAIR hyperintensity isolated to the PAG while CSF was non-inflammatory. 12 months later, the signal change of the PAG persisted and the patient was noted to have difficulties with memory impairment, particularly temporal order and source memory, as well as confabulation, disorientation, and poor insight. Neuropsychological findings were notable for severe impairment in frontal-executive functions, which appeared to be interfering with learning and memory, suggestive of a frontal lobe memory disorder. He additionally demonstrated marked gait ataxia rendering him wheelchair bound. Conclusions: Isolated radiographical lesions of the PAG can occur in the context of WKS. Though the PAG is largely described to modulate pain/analgesia and fear/anxiety as well las autonomic responses, its role in anatomical and functional interface with the medial prefrontal regions can potentially lead to cognitive and behavioral deficits. Disclosure: Dr. Wicklund has nothing to disclose.
What Is, Could Be, and Should Be: Historical Feminist Theory and Contemporary Political Psychology

This chapter advocates for building much-needed bridges across the gulf between the historical study of feminist theory and contemporary political psychology, demonstrating the degree to which major historical figures in feminist theory probed problems that contemporary political psychology addresses through empirical experimental and survey research. Sapiro begins by laying out a “grammar of political theory,” an analytical tool for understanding the elements of feminist theory. She then shows how, although the core emphases and methods of historical normative theory and contemporary social science may differ, they are linked together in crucial, but rarely noticed ways. Contemporary research examples include gender questions and dynamics in representation, electoral politics, stereotyping, and sexual harassment.
Polysaccharide lyases

Polysaccharide lyases (or eliminases) are a class of enzymes (EC 4.2.2.-) that act to cleave certain activated glycosidic linkages present in acidic polysaccharides. These enzymes act through an eliminase mechanism, rather than through hydrolysis, resulting in unsaturated oligosaccharide products. Acidic polysaccharides are ubiquitous and so are the lyases that degrade them. This review article examines lyases that act on acidic polysaccharides of plant, animal, and microbial origin. These lyases are predominantly of microbial origin and come from a wide variety of both pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and fungi. The lyases discussed include alginate lyase (EC 4.2.2.3), pectin lyase (EC 4.2.2.10), pectate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2), oligogalacturonide lyase (EC 4.2.2.6), exopolygalacturonate lyase (EC 4.2.2.9), chondroitin lyases (EC 4.2.2.4 and EC 4.2.2.5), hyaluronate lyase (EC 4.2.2.1), heparin lyase (EC 4.2.2.7), heparan lyase (EC 4.2.2.8), and other unclassified lyases. This review examines the sources, regulation, purification, and properties of these polysaccharide lyases.
TOLERÂNCIA E TRADIÇÕES HISTÓRICAS DA DIFERENÇA

Neste texto, David Scott reflete sobre o tema da tolerância e da diferenca no contexto pos-colonial. Para tanto, o autor parte do caso do Sri Lanka no final do seculo XX, um pais formado por grupos etnicos e religiosos muculmanos, cristaos e budistas, e marcado por uma guerra civil de carater interetnico. Ao retomar algumas elaboracoes pertencentes a matriz do discurso liberal e secular moderno em torno da questao da convivencia desses distintos grupos no pais, o autor aponta para os impasses e as limitacoes dessas formulacoes quando se veem diante de comunidades orientadas por principios nao liberais. Assim, em lugar do privilegio liberal ao individuo e as suas escolhas autonomas em relacao a comunidade como orientador da politica de tolerância do Estado, Scott argumenta por uma compreensao das comunidades etnicas e religiosas como tradicoes historicas que se constituem enquanto comunidades morais e politicas com identidades corporificadas por seus membros. O autor conclui que um projeto de tolerância efetivo deve passar necessariamente por essa compreensao, buscando instituir espacos publicos politicos em que exista tanto o reconhecimento mutuo das identidades nao liberais envolvidas, quanto o dialogo entre elas.
The Dynamic Arterial Pressure-Flow Relationship and Total Arterial Compliance in Spontaneously Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats

It was the objective of this study to compare the arterial system of the spontaneously hypertensive rat to that of the normotensive control. For this purpose two arterial characteristics were determined in vivo in both groups.
Coherent Population Trapping, Nuclear Spin Cooling, and Lévy Flights in Solid-State Atom-Like Systems

Abstract We describe and analyze a method for controlling nuclear spin environment of atom-like quantum emitters in the solid state. The method makes use of laser manipulation of an electronic spin transition via coherent population trapping. Specifically, we present a detailed description of the nuclear spin dynamics and its interplay with the optical excitation of the electronic spin of nitrogen-vacancy color centers in diamond. We introduce a simple model of this process that allows us to study both optimal cooling parameters for nuclear spins and optimal information transfer between the optical measurement of the electron and the nuclear bath dynamics. This allows us to investigate the statistical properties of the nuclear spin bath. Potential applications to quantum information processing and quantum metrology are possible.
Fragmentation and query decomposition in the ECR model

Fragmentation and query decomposition are considered important issues in a distributed database environment. For a semantic data model (ECR data model), the types of fragmentation and the criteria they should follow is provided along with how global queries in a high-level language, GORDAS, are decomposed into local queries on the fragments. This technique may be used in a heterogeneous distributed database, where the global schema presented to the user is in the high-level ECR model.
Where is the level of neutral buoyancy for deep convection

[1] This study revisits an old concept in meteorology - level of neutral buoyancy (LNB). The classic definition of LNB is derived from the parcel theory and can be estimated from the ambient sounding (LNB_sounding) without having to observe any actual convective cloud development. In reality, however, convection interacts with the environment in complicated ways; it will eventually manage to find its own effective LNB and manifests it through detraining masses and developing anvils (LNB_observation). This study conducts a near-global survey of LNB_observation for tropical deep convection using CloudSat data and makes comparison with the corresponding LNB_sounding. The principal findings are as follows: First, although LNB_sounding provides a reasonable upper bound for convective development, correlation between LNB_sounding and LNB_observation is low suggesting that ambient sounding contains limited information for accurately predicting the actual LNB. Second, maximum mass outflow is located more than 3 km lower than LNB_sounding. Hence, from convective transport perspective, LNB_sounding is a significant overestimate of the “destination” height level of the detrained mass. Third, LNB_observation is consistently higher over land than over ocean, although LNB_sounding is similar between land and ocean. This difference is likely related to the contrasts in convective strength and environment between land and ocean. Finally, we estimate the bulk entrainment rates associated with the observed deep convection, which can serve as an observational basis for adjusting GCM cumulus parameterization.
An application of stochastic automata models to the design of adaptive filters

The design of IIR adaptive filters is considered. The authors present a method composed of two feedback loops an adaptive (LMS) loop and a learning loop that contains a stochastic learning automaton. Preliminary results from simulated examples suggest that this novel approach has a potential for application in many signal processing problems where classical methods may not converge to the global minimum, or give biased or unstable results. The advancement in parallel processing hardware technology such as the availability of high speed-large memory capacity digital signal processors makes the use of learning techniques attractive. >
R&D spending among short -horizon CEOs: A reexamination

Dechow and Sloan (1991) report that CEOs curtail R&D expenditures in their final years in response to accounting-based compensation incentives. However, substantial institutional changes both in CEO compensation and in firms’ reporting environments decrease the likelihood that R&D curtailment in CEOs’ final years continues to persist. Despite these institutional changes, several recent papers provide mixed evidence with regards to whether CEOs continue to curtail R&D in their final years, and concern regarding R&D curtailment among “short-horizon” CEOs continues to persist. This paper performs direct and powerful tests for evidence of opportunistic curtailment of R&D in CEOs’ final years. Examining a sample of 203 retiring CEOs, I find that R&D spending in CEOs’ pre-retirement years is neither statistically nor economically different from R&D spending in those same firms during other years. I also find no evidence that abnormal R&D expenditures in CEOs’ final years are associated with CEOs’ accounting-based compensation. I show that results of recent studies documenting R&D curtailment among CEOs nearing retirement are likely induced by their cross-sectional research design.
Perception Based Time Series Data Mining for Decision Making

In this paper, several aspects of perception based time series data mining based on the methodology of computing with words and perceptions are discusses. First, we consider possible approaches to precisiate perception based patterns in time series data bases and types of fuzzy constraints used in such precisiation. Next, several types of associations in time series data bases and the possible approaches to convert these associations in generalized constraint rules are discussed. Finally, we summarize the methods of translation of expert knowledge and retranslation of solutions.
Texture and Shape Synthesis on Surfaces

We present a novel method for texture synthesis on surfaces from examples. We consider a very general type of textures, including color, transparency and displacements. Our method synthesizes the texture directly on the surface, rather than synthesizing a texture image and then mapping it to the surface. The synthesized textures have the same qualitative visual appearance as the example texture, and cover the surfaces without the distortion or seams of conventional texture-mapping. We describe two synthesis methods, based on the work of Wei and Levoy and Ashikhmin; our techniques produce similar results, but directly on surfaces.
Requirement of Protein Synthesis for Group I mGluR-Mediated Induction of Epileptiform Discharges

Merlin, Lisa R., Peter J. Bergold, and Robert K. S. Wong. Requirement of protein synthesis for group I mGluR-mediated induction of epileptiform discharges. J. Neurophysiol. 80: 989–993, 1998. Picro...