cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing group treatment for a pediatric diabetic population: The Bellevue experiment

This article describes the development of a group psychotherapy, treatment program for a diabetic pediatric outpatient clinic at Bellevue Hospital. Relevant literature concerning chronic illness, juvenile onset diabetes, group psychotherapy and group treatment of chronic illness patients is reviewed and discussed. A description and rationale for the development of the Bellevue Diabetes groups is then offered. The difficulties and specific problems encountered in working with an inner city population are given special attention, and implications for further treatment and studies are highlighted.
John Kenneth Galbraith

John Kenneth Galbraith (1908-2006) was one of America’s most famous economists for good reason. From his acerbic analysis of America’s “private wealth and public squalor” to his denunciation of the wars in Vietnam and Iraq, Galbraith consistently challenged “conventional wisdom” (a phrase he coined). He did so as a witty commentator on America’s political follies and as a versatile author of bestselling books—such as The Affluent Society and The New Industrial State —that warn of the dangers of deregulated markets, corporate greed, and inattention to the costs of our military power. Here, in the first full-length biography of Galbraith and his times, Richard Parker provides not only a nuanced portrait of this extraordinary man, but also an important reinterpretation of twentieth-century public policy and economic practices. “Whatever you may think of his ideas, John Kenneth Galbraith has led an extraordinary life. . . . Doing justice to this life story requires an outsize biography, one that not only tells Mr. Galbraith’s tale but sets it on the broader canvas of America’s political and economic evolution. And Richard Parker’s book does just that.”— Economist “Parker’s book is more than a chronicle of Galbraith’s life; it’s a history of American politics and policy from FDR through George W. Bush. . . . It will make readers more economically and politically aware.”— USA Today “The most readable and instructive biography of the century.”—William F. Buckley, National Review “The story of this man’s life and work is wonderfully rendered in this magnum opus, and offers an antidote to the public ennui, economic cruelty, and government malfeasance that poison life in America today.”—James Carroll, Boston Globe
THE FIRST ISOLATION OF ST. LOUIS ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS FROM MOSQUITOES IN FLORIDA.

SummaryA summary of data relating to the initial isolation and identification of St. Louis encephalitis (SLE) virus from Culex mosquitoes in Florida has been presented. The agent PI5 was isolated from mosquitoes collected in November 1961 and was used to prepare HA and CF antigens for serological studies of the 1962 epidemic in Florida.
Redistribution of glutathione in the ischemic rat retina

We have studied the effect of ischemia on the cellular distribution of glutathione in the rat retina using immunocytochemical methods. Distinct degrees of ischemia were induced by varying the length of the post-mortem interval until fixation of the retina. In immediately fixed retinas, glutathione was confined exclusively to retinal Muller cells. In retinas fixed 5-10 min post-mortem, glutathione levels in Muller cells were reduced concomitant with incipient labeling in retinal neurons. Post-mortem intervals longer than 10 min resulted in strong labeling of neurons, particularly of retinal ganglion cells, whereas Muller cells were essentially devoid of immunoreactivity. Our data suggest transfer of glutathione from glia cells to neurons under ischemic conditions. Such a mechanism, utilizing the antioxidant properties of glutathione could be part of a glia-neuronal interaction contributing to the amelioration of oxidative stress and explain the high tolerance of the rat retina against ischemia/reperfusion injury.
The Latin Melting Pot Is Boiling Over

. During the 1970s no area contributed more immigrants to the United States, both legal and illegal, than Latin America. The Latin American population in the U.S. has become the country's fastest growing large minority and unless economic conditions in Latin America improve for its poorer population, these people will continue to enter the U.S. in large numbers. The chaotic social situation in the country's Latin ghettos highlights a grave national problem. A. J. Jaffe, R. M. Cullen and T. D. Boswell of the Research Institute for the Study of Man completed a study of this immigration which deserves far greater attention than it has received. They found that cultural convergence of Latins with the non-Latin White population varied by subgroup, and was heavily dependent upon the volume of immigration of a particular subgroup and the degree of their concentration in this country.
Input data measurement-induced uncertainty in watershed modelling

Abstract This study presents a new methodology for estimation of input data measurement-induced uncertainty in simulated dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) concentrations using the Hydrological Simulation Program–FORTRAN (HSPF) model and data from the Amite River, USA. Simulation results show that: (1) a multiplying factor of 1.3 can be used to describe the maximum error in temperature measurements; similarly, a multiplying factor of 1.9 was estimated to accommodate the maximum of ±5% error in rainfall measurements; (2) the uncertainty in simulated DO concentration due to positive temperature measurement errors can be described with a normal distribution, N(0.062, 0.567); (3) the uncertainty in simulated NO3-N concentration due to rainfall measurement errors follows a generalized extreme value distribution; and (4) the probability density functions can be utilized to determine the measurement-induced uncertainty in simulated DO and NO3-N concentrations according to the risk level acceptabl...
Training New Community Health, Food Service, And Environmental Protection Workers Could Boost Health, Jobs, And Growth

General job training programs, and separate disease prevention or health promotion programs, are usually viewed as two different strategies for reducing poverty and promoting community development....
Late replication patterns of chromosomal DNA in somatic tissues of the Chinese hamster.

Abstract Using a method of continuous labeling in vivo in the adult male Chinese hamster, patterns of late DNA replication were studied in tissues representative of the three germ layers: bone marrow, corneal epithelium, and regenerating hepatic parenchyma. One common pattern was observed. A study of the relative lengths of the G2 period in five somatic tissues revealed the following variations: lymph node cells, 1- 1 2 hours; jejunal crypt cells, 1- 3 4 hours; bone marrow, 2 hours; corneal epithelium, 3- 1 4 hours and regenerating hepatic perenchymal cells, 5 hours.
Thermochemical properties for n-propyl, iso-propyl, and tert-butyl nitroalkanes, alkyl nitrites, and their carbon-centered radicals

Density functional theory (DFT) based calculations are performed on a series of alkyl nitrites and nitroalkanes representing large-scale primary, secondary, and tertiary nitro compounds and their radicals resulting from the loss of their skeletal hydrogen atoms. Geometries, vibration frequencies, and thermochemical properties [S°(T) and C°p(T) (10 K ⩽ T ⩽ 5000 K)] are calculated at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) DFT level. ΔfH°298 values are from B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-31+G(2d,2p), and the composite CBS-QB3 levels. Potential energy barriers for the internal rotations have been computed at the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory, and the lower barrier contributions are incorporated into entropy and heat capacity data. The standard enthalpies of formation at 298 K are evaluated using isodesmic reaction schemes with several work reactions for each species. Recommended values derived from the most stable conformers of respective nitro- and nitrite isomers include −30.57 and −28.44 kcal mol−1 for n-propane-, −33.89 and −32.32 kcal mol−1 for iso-propane-, −42.78 and −41.36 kcal mol−1 for tert-butane-nitro compounds and nitrites, respectively. Entropy and heat capacity values are also reported for the lower homologues: nitromethane, nitroethane, and corresponding nitrites. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 42: 181–199, 2010
Fatigue, vitality, sleep, and neurocognitive functioning in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study

BACKGROUND: Long-term survivors of childhood cancer are at risk for fatigue, sleep problems, and neurocognitive impairment, although the association between these outcomes has not been previously examined. METHODS: Outcomes were evaluated in 1426 survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study using a validated Neurocognitive Questionnaire. Relative risks for neurocognitive impairment were calculated using demographic and treatment factors, and survivors' report on the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue, the Short Form-36 Vitality Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. RESULTS: Neurocognitive impairment was identified in >20% of survivors, using sibling-based norms for comparison. Multivariate logistic regression models revealed that fatigue (risk ratio [RR], 1.34; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.59), daytime sleepiness (RR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.55-1.83), poor sleep quality (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.01-1.49), and decreased vitality (RR, 1.75; 95% CI 1.33-2.30) were all associated with impaired task efficiency. Likewise, fatigue (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.23-2.55), sleepiness (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.14-1.67), and decreased vitality (RR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.98-4.79) were predictive of emotional regulation problems. Diminished organization was associated with increased sleepiness (RR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.31-2.48) and decreased vitality (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.37-2.63). Impaired memory was associated with poor sleep quality (RR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.19-1.76), increased sleepiness (RR, 2.05; 95% CI, 1.63-2.58), and decreased vitality (RR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.42-2.86). The impact of fatigue, sleepiness, sleep quality, and vitality on neurocognitive outcomes was independent of the effects of cranial radiation therapy, steroids and antimetabolite chemotherapy, sex, and current age. CONCLUSIONS: Neurocognitive function in long-term survivors of childhood cancer appears particularly vulnerable to the effects of fatigue and sleep disruption. These findings suggest sleep hygiene should be emphasized among survivors, as it may provide an additional mechanism for intervention to improve neurocognitive outcomes. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
The War on Drugs and the Gender Gap in Arrests: A Critical Perspective:

Many theories of offending have been advanced in an effort to explain the increasing number of women arrested in recent years. In this article, I move away from individual level explanations of offending and attempt to explain this trend with a structural approach. Specifically, I argue that the `war on drugs' has made females more vulnerable to arrest in recent years, regardless of offending behavior. I argue that two arms of the war on drugs, representing direct and ideological aspects of social control, work together to make women more likely to be arrested. This article contributes to the literature in two ways. First, it shows that scholars interested in the gender gap cannot ignore the war on drugs. Second, it shows the utility of a focus on the criminal justice system, and potentially other systems of social control, rather than individual level offending to explain trends in arrests.
Immunologic studies before and after splenectomy in a patient with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome.

Sequential studies of cellular and humoral immunity were conducted in an infant with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome prior to and after a splenectomy for uncontrollable hemorrhage. All measures of cellular immunity showed gradual improvement during the 8-month period after surgery. Serum isohemagglutinins, diphtheria and tetanus antibodies, and the percentage of immunoglobulin-bearing B cells did not change significantly from presplenectomy values. The serum IgE concentration declined from a high of 10,800 IU/ml at 1 month post-splenectomy to a low of 860 IU/ml at 5 months after surgery and the IgG concentration gradually decreased from a high of 1880 mg/dl presplenectomy to a low of 620 mg/dl 8 months later. The platelet count ranged from 64,000 to 206,000/mm3 for the first 6 months after splenectomy. It decreased precipitously 6.5 months after the operation; at the same time there was a marked rise in platelet-bound IgG antibody (PB-IgG). The PB-IgG declined rapidly following vincristine therapy and, after another rise, declined more gradually following steroid therapy.
Two-dimensional numerical analyses of double conforming contacts with effect of curvature

Abstract Pinned connections and journal bearings with cylindrical conforming contacts are widely used as fundamental building blocks in machines and civil structures of civilization. It is critical to determine their stress fields and contact performances under desired configurations in order to successfully design them. This paper presents a numerical model to deal with such contacts, particularly with the general configuration–double interfaces. Necessary formulae are developed and numerical procedures are described in this paper. Efficient numerical methods, i.e., the discrete convolution-fast Fourier transformation (DC-FFT) method and the conjugate gradient method (CGM), are implemented in the algorithm. Validations are conducted against the Persson’s results and finite element results and demonstrate excellent agreement. This contact analysis can be useful for design engineers to evaluate stress and contact pressure distribution. Furthermore, this efficient method of determining radial displacement can be applied in an elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication analysis.
Entomological collections in the contemporary world

Entomological collections developed by taxonomists and taxonomically - inclined entomologists are unique resources for research, teaching and service activities in entomology. An entomological collection is a permanent information storage and retrieval system for insects and other arthropods. We must expand systematic research associated with entomological collections while meeting the escalating demand for taxonomic services from the user community. To achieve these objectives we should adopt more efficient storage and retrieval systems for entomological collections wherever possible. As we move to conserve the world's fauna and flora, all of us in the entomological community must be committed to the preservation of the principle that affirms free exchange of scientific specimens of insects and other arthropods among scientists of all nations for free scientific inquiry, and to the protection of science from unduly political legislation.
Decade in review—peripheral vascular disease: 10 Years of breakthroughs in peripheral vascular disease

Clinical trials published during the past decade have had substantial effects on the treatment of peripheral vascular diseases. In this article, I discuss ten important trials that have influenced treatment for common vascular disorders, including peripheral artery disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, renal artery disease, extracranial carotid artery disease, and venous thromboembolism.
Glucocorticoid actions on synaptic plasma membranes: Modulation of dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels

Abstract We have previously shown that glucocorticoids accelerate depolarization-induced 45 Ca 2+ influx in synaptosomes isolated from rat cerebral cortex, indicating that the steroids may modulate voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels. The present study was undertaken to characterize the biochemical action of glucocorticoids on dihydropyridine-sensitive voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels known to be present in brain synaptosomes. The [ 3 H]dihydropyridine labeled site was used as a marker to determine the levels of functional Ca 2+ channels. No effect on equilibrium binding of [ 3 H]PN 200-110 was found when membranes from disrupted synaptosomes were incubated with corticosterone as high as 1 μM. However, when intact synaptosomes were first incubated with corticosterone at 37°C and then disrupted, a significant increase in [ 3 H]PN 200-110 binding was found. Steroid incubation of synaptosomes at 0°C was ineffective. It appears that metabolic processes requiring intracellular factors were involved in the steroid action. In examining this possibility, [ 3 H]PN 200-110 binding was activated in disrupted membranes by MgATP and Ca 2+ -calmodulin, and corticosterone was found to enhance the activation in a concentration-dependent manner. [ 3 H]PN 200-110 binding to membranes was also activated by incubation with MgATP and cAMP-dependent protein kinase, but this activation was not enhanced by the steroid. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that the steroid promotes Ca 2+ channel activity by enhancing calmodulin-dependent activation of the channels. The action on voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels in synaptic terminals may well be a mechanism whereby glucocorticoids modulate neuronal activity.
Elicitation of aggression by food deprivation in olfactory bulbectomized male mice

Two experiments were conducted in order to examine the necessary conditions for the elicitation of competitive aggression in olfactory bulbectomized male mice. Experiment 1 compared the fighting produced among pairs of bulbectomized males under either food deprivation or ad-lib feeding, with and without the presence of a food-pellet/competition-eliciting stimulus. Animals fought when food-deprived but not when sated. The presence of a food pellet was not necessary for the promotion of aggression. Experiment 2 sought to remove the condition of isolation in pretest housing. However, when bulbectomized males, housed in pairs, were placed upon a food-deprivation schedule, one member was inevitably cannibalized. Identically treated controls died before exhibiting any cases of cannibalism. These findings indicate that the condition of food deprivation is sufficient to reinstate intraspecific aggression in bulbectomized male mice, as well as combine with the effects of bulbectomy to promote normally inhibited cannibalism.
Li+ doping-induced localization in polyaniline

Abstract We report that LiCl dopes the emeraldine base (EB) form of polyaniline and produces polyaniline with unusual properties—polyaniline with doping-induced charge localization. Our assignment of Li+ doping is based upon the observation of electronic states in the bandgap and associated spins for EB processed with LiCl. However, even at the maximum doping level, LiCl-doped polyaniline is a strongly localized charged insulator based on the observation of low DC conductivity, low dielectric constant, rapid decrease of the oscillator strength to zero in the infrared, low magnetic susceptibility dominated by a weak Curie component, broad EPR linewidth and predominantly Gaussian lineshape of the EPR signal. Finally, we attribute these properties to the formation of bipolarons or antiferromagnetically coupled polaron pairs in LiCl-doped EB.
350 KINETICS OF CHLORAMPHENICOL (C) AND ITS SUCCINATE ESTER (CS) IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS

CS must be hydrolyzed to C to provide antimicrobial activity. A thorough knowledge of CS disposition is needed to understand C kinetics in children. Thirty patients (age 1.5 wk-17 yr) were studied to characterize CS and C kinetics. CS, 25 mg/kg was administered every 6 hr intravenously over 0.5 hr. At steady state, blood samples were obtained at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 hr after starting the infusion. In 10 patients, all urine was collected over the same 6 hr. CS and C concentrations (cone) were measured by an HPLC method. Peak serum CS cone ranged from 7.38-79.5 mcg/m1 and peak C cone from 9.3-66.21 mcg/m1. A rapid decline in serum CS cone was followed by a slow elimination phase in half of the patients. CS was still detectable in serum at 4 hr in 10 patients and 6 hr in 9 patients. Disposition of both CS and C appeared to be a first order process. Half-life of CS ranged from 0.3-5.5 hr and of C from 1.6-7.9 hr. Total body clearance of CS ranged from 0.152-3.27 L/kg/hr and of C from 0.043-0.425 L/kg/hr. 5-25% of the total dose of CS was excreted in the urine as either C (2-7%) or CS (3-18%). These data suggest that CS kinetics may be characterized by a two compartment open model. Its hydrolysis is not instantaneous but more variable than previously appreciated. These factors may account for the large variability in C kinetics found in our study and described in previous reports of C pharma-cokinetics in children.
Treatment of early prostatic cancer.

The therapeutic management of early prostatic cancer is discussed with background of recent reports and trials. for an old patient with localized, well differentiated cancer deferred treatment can be the best alternative especially if he has significant cardiovascular disease. Advantages and disadvantages of the different local treatment methods (radical prostatectomy, external beam irradiation, interstitial irradiation) are discussed. the author concludes that present information does not permit any recommendations regarding the most effective treatment. the physician should carefully explain all the risks and benefits of each option and then help the patient decide which therapy he would be most willing to accept.
Periodic rosuvastatin or atorvastatin dosing arrays (PRADA): patient-centered practice.

Background Non-adherence is a major obstacle with long-term daily statin therapy. Objective This retrospective study reviewed the medical records of patients with hyperlipidemia during an 8-year period in a private internal medicine practice. Periodic dosing was negotiated following several patients’ refusal of statin therapy because of muscle aches or cost. Methods The clinical impetus was patient adherence to statin therapy. Treatment was initiated by dispensing rosuvastatin or atorvastatin in a stepwise patient-directed approach (from two times/week to three times/week to every other day, up to five times/week). The primary endpoint was to assess the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the total cholesterol/ high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio with patient-directed dosing intervals. The secondary endpoint was a head-to-head comparison of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin to evaluate the mean decrease in the LDLC and TC/HDL-C ratio. Results Chart review identified 46 patients who had been treated. Two patients with persistent myalgia terminated treatment before 12 weeks. Among the remaining 44 patients, 20 received doses of rosuvastatin from 15 to 100 mg per week, and 24 received atorvastatin from 20 to 140 mg per week. There was a significant decrease from pre-treatment in the mean TC/HDL-C ratio of 1.72 (31.1 %, P \ 0.0001) and mean LDL-C of 43.3 mg/dL (30.2 %, P \ 0.0001). An independent samples t-test showed a non-significant reduction of the mean TC/HDL-C ratio and LDL-C with rosuvastatin versus atorvastatin. Conclusion Periodic dosing of rosuvastatin or atorvastatin using a gradual, patient-directed, stepwise approach guided by cholesterol levels is an effective method of lipid lowering and carried a favorable 95.6 % adherence rate.
A multi-sample confirmatory factor analysis of PTSD symptoms: What exactly is wrong with the DSM-IV structure?

Within the DSM-IV, PTSD symptoms are rationally classified as assessing one of three symptom domains: reexperiencing, avoidance/numbing, or hyperarousal. However, two alternative four-factor models have been advocated as superior to the DSM-IV framework, based on confirmatory factor analysis. In the Numbing model, symptoms of emotional numbing are differentiated from avoidance. In the Dysphoria model, several symptoms of numbing and hyperarousal are combined to form a factor purported to assess general psychological distress. Examination of these models, within 29 separate data sets, supports two conclusions. First, contrary to its conceptual underpinnings, the Dysphoria model differs empirically from the Numbing model solely in the correlation predicted between two hyperarousal symptoms; all other predicted correlations made by the two models are substantively identical. Second, when the factor analytic presumption of simple structure is relaxed to allow for potential presentation order effects, other plausible symptom structures emerge. In particular, the fit of the DSM-IV model improved dramatically and was a better fit to the data than either four-factor model. The ostensible inferiority of the DSM-IV model may be due to a methodological artifact stemming from the order in which symptoms are typically assessed. The provisional decision to revise the structure of PTSD symptoms in the DSM-5 in light of confirmatory factor analytic results may be misguided.
Tennessee valley authority hydroelectric stations-electrical and mechanical design

Design policies have been developed and established during the building and operating of 14 major hydroelectric generating stations since 1934. Turbines, governors, generators, transformers, switchgear, and other major equipment have been selected generally in accordance with normal manufacturers' designs except in specific cases where operating experience has indicated a definite need for improvement. Many of the improvements subsequently have become standardized by the manufacturers. Switching, bussing, control, relaying, wiring, piping, auxiliary equipment, and other station features have been developed by the Tennessee Valley Authority, using manufacturers' standard components as far as possible. The bases for selection of equipment and for development of station designs undoubtedly are applicable to other hydroelectric projects.
Adjuvant radiotherapy in patients post-radical prostatectomy with tumor extending through capsule or positive seminal vesicles.

Abstract Between 1976 and 1989, 115 patients at UCLA had radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer with positive surgical margins, penetration of tumor into or through the capsule, or positive seminal vesicles. Twenty-four of those received adjuvant radiotherapy after having recovered from surgery. Complications of adjuvant treatment were uncommon and included urethral strictures in 3 patients and transient leg edema in 1. No patient in this group has had proved clinical disease progression though 6 have isolated detectable serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values. Clinical disease free survival at five and seven years was 92 percent. If detectable PSA is also considered as evidence of tumor recurrence, the corresponding disease-free survival rates were 75 percent at five years and 54 percent at seven years. The 91 patients who received no postoperative radiotherapy had a clinical disease-free survival of 67 percent at five years and 56 percent at seven years. Disease-free survival drops to 43 percent and 24 percent, respectively, if detectable follow-up PSA is considered an indicator of disease progression. The comparisons of the survivorship curves in this retrospective study for the two treatment groups are statistically significant both for disease-free survival (p = 0.041), and disease free survival with undetectable PSA (p = 0.043). Adjuvant radiotherapy has a beneficial effect after radical prostatectomy in patients with local tumor extension.
Neural tube defects and deletions of 22q11

Recently we reported on three unrelated children with neural tube defects (NTDs) and deletion of 22q11. Two of these children have velo-cardio-facial syndrome and the third DiGeorge sequence. Thus, NTDs appear to be part of the clinical picture due to 22q11 deletion. To further explore this association and to clarify what findings should prompt testing for this deletion in individuals with NTDs, we have reviewed all patients in a large regional spina bifida clinic population. Two hundred ninety-five patients with NTDs were identified by chart review. Charts were reviewed for congenital heart defect, minor facial anomalies, thymic hypoplasia, cleft lip and/or palate, hypocalcemia, and a family history of a NTD, congenital heart defect, or cleft lip and/or palate. A total of 22 patients was identified with NTD and at least one more clinical trait and/or a positive family history. Sixteen children received cytogenetic and molecular testing including the three previously reported patients diagnosed with a 22q11 deletion. Results of cytogenetic and molecular studies of the remaining 13 patients were normal. Deletion of 22q11 is an infrequent cause of NTDs. We recommend testing for the 22q11 deletion in patients with a NTD and conotruncal heart defect. Testing should be considered in patients with a NTD who have a first degree relative with a conotruncal heart defect or have additional clinical findings of VCFS or DGS.
Eye-In-Hand Visual Servoing Curriculum for Young Students [Education]

It is never too early to introduce students to robotics. Inspired by courses that use Lego Mindstorms as platform, by the huge success of the FIRST competition, and by the interest and enthusiasm of many local robotics clubs, we have developed a short robotics curriculum aimed at introducing middle- and high-school students to robotics.
Asymmetric dipolar cycloaddition reactions of diazocompounds mediated by a binaphtholphosphate rhodium catalyst

Abstract A new class of chiral rhodium catalysts derived from binaphthanol promotes the dipolar cycloaddition of diazocompounds to heterocycles with good asymmetric induction.
Gas-Phase Mass Transfer Model for Predicting Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emission Rates from Indoor Pollutant Sources

Abstract Analysis of the impact of sources on indoor pollutant concentrations and occupant exposure to indoor pollutants requires knowledge of the emission rates from the sources. Emission rates are often determined by chamber testing and the data from the chamber test are fitted to an empirical model. While the empirical models are useful, they do not provide information necessary to scale the chamber data to buildings nor do they provide information necessary to understand the processes controlling emissions. A mass transfer model for gas-phase-limited mass transfer is developed and described in this paper. Examples of sources with gas-phase-limited emissions are moth cakes, floor wax, stain, and varnish. The mass transfer model expresses the emission rate in terms of a mass transfer coefficient and a driving force. The mass transfer coefficient can be predicted from correlations of the Nusselt number and the Reynolds number. The experiments and data analysis used to develop the correlation are described in the paper. Experiments to verify the assumptions used to describe the driving force are also described. Suggestions for using data from existing empirical emission models to determine parameters for the mass transfer model are provided. The mass transfer model provides a significantly better fit to data from an indoor air quality test house than does the empirical first order decay model.
Low-Cost Salinity Sensor Increases Profitability and Environmental Sustainability for Small Plot Shrimp Farmers

Over 80% of the world shrimp production comes from developing countries. The nutrient-rich cash crop can provide a small plot entrepreneur with higher revenues than alternative crops; however, the extreme poor are unable to afford the necessary equipment to monitor the salinity concentration in the ponds. Consequently, their yields per volume are on average one-third the amount of their commercial counterparts. This undergraduate research project produced a marketable salinity sensor with the same accuracy as current systems while reducing the total manufacturing and production cost by over tenfold. The handheld sensor uses a resistive bridge to measure salinity. The output is displayed through a bank of LEDs which correspond to corrective measures necessary to maintain the optimal salinity concentration for a high shrimp yield. The sensor is designed to maximize profits and reduce the environmental footprint by effectively managing the addition of salt in ponds. The system is rechargeable through human power and can be assembled and distributed by low income populations in developing countries. The projected marketing cost is less than nine dollars and has the potential to improve per capita incomes by over threefold.
Optical Density And Contrast Of Positive Photoresists

We derive a general relation that exhibits the interdependence of the exposure and development processes in determining the contrast and the sensitivity curve of any photo-resist. We show,that for several limiting cases, the contrast is given by the reciprocal of the (pre-or post-expose) optical density of the resist, in agreement with the measured contrasts for PR102, AZ2400 and Dupont 2041 Elvacite PMMA resists. We also calculate the dependence of the threshold exposure energy D/35, and the dose Dp required to completely develop the resist, and hence, the contrast, on development time for a hypothetical solvent and simulate the results obtained using MF314 developer.
Cardiovascular risks: perception versus reality.

The high estrogen doses in the original oral contraceptive (OC) formulations were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Since then the steroid doses in OC have been reduced steadily, so that current low-estrogen-dose ( or = 35 years should be advised to use a nonestrogen or nonhormonal contraceptive method.
Assessment of interpersonal dependency using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II (MCMI-II) and the depressive experiences questionnaire

Abstract Interpersonal dependency plays an important role in many forms of physical and psychological problems. Identifying the correlates of interpersonal dependency may aid the understanding of dependency and its emotional and social consequences. The present study examined the reliability of the dependency scales from the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-II and the Depressive Experiences Questionnaire. Seventy-five college students were assessed on four separateoccasions using a variety of measures. Internal consistency and 10-week retest reliability estimates were moderately high for both dependency scales. Additionally, scores from the two dependency scales were closely related to each other. Finally, both dependency scales were found to be correlated with measures of low self-esteem, fear of negative evaluation, problems asserting oneself, and shyness. Multiple regression analyses suggested that a fear of negative evaluation was strongly related to dependency as measured by both scales. Results suggest interpersonal dependency is more closely related to anxiety than depression. However, dependency and depression may be related indirectly, with social functioning serving as a mediating variable. Thus, individuals with high levels of dependency may be at risk depression when problems arise in their social functioning.
HOBBES AND EXISTENTIALISM: SOME AFFINITIES

From the distant shores of Stuart England Thomas Hobbes still speaks to us in a strangely familiar and captivating idiom. Having traversed the rugged expanse of three centuries, some of his words are obviously muffled and obscure, but whatever the obstacles, our generation seems willing to strain in order to perceive more clearly the subtle inflections of this voice. During the past decade the literature devoted to Hobbes has expanded rapidly both in volume and in breadth of focus, covering the most diverse topics of his natural and civil philosophy. The reasons for this preoccupation are complex and elusive. To some extent the preoccupation may stem from the fact that Hobbes stood at the beginning of various intellectual and social trends that have culminated or have been eclipsed in our own time. According to Crawford Macpherson, Hobbes was one of the first advocates of "possessive individualism," an anthropological doctrine that concentrated on the accumulation and protection of property as man's primary motives and became a cornerstone of the market economy and modern industrial society. Taking a broader view, Jurgen Habermas identified IHobbes as one of the ancestors of technological rationalism, a rationalism that in its combination of rigorous analysis and technical invention continues to animate the "scientific revolution" of our age.' These and similar interpretations undoubtedly possess great plausibility and persuasiveness, but they hardly tell the entire story. Neither Hobbes's vocabulary nor our own seems restricted to this range of discourse. While attractive to the scientific mentality of a technological era, Hobbes's voice also reaches us on a different level of frequency-the level of basic
Stories in Action and the Dialogic Management of Identities: Storytelling in Transplant Support Group Meetings

In this article, I examine the practice of storytelling in a transplant support group, investigating how individuals' participation in storytelling activities allowed them to coconstruct collective and individual identities. The sequential ordering and contexts of the storytelling activities in the support group meetings suggest that both the speakers and audience strategically negotiated the meanings of stories as well as identities that emerged. Both the storytellers and the audience incorporated storytelling activities into the management of multiple goals (e.g., identity management, uncertainty management, and communicative efficacy). I conclude with a conceptual framework that outlines the practice of dialogic management of identities through storytelling activities by individuals with chronic illness.
A comparison of simple shear characterization methods for composite laminates

Various methods for the shear stress-strain characterization of composite laminates are examined, and their advantages and limitations are briefly discussed. Experimental results and the necessary accompanying analysis are then presented and compared for three simple shear characterization procedures. These are the off-axis tensile test method, the + or - 45 degs tensile test method and the 0 deg/90 degs symmetric rail shear test method. It is shown that the first technique indicates that the shear properties of the G/E laminates investigated are fundamentally brittle in nature while the latter two methods tend to indicate that the G/E laminates are fundamentally ductile in nature. Finally, predictions of incrementally determined tensile stress-strain curves utilizing the various different shear behavior methods as input information are presented and discussed.
Effects of sustained-release nicardipine on regression of left ventricular hypertrophy in systemic hypertension

Abstract The effects of a sustained-release formulation of the calcium antagonist nicardipine on left ventricular (LV) mass, Doppler transmitral velocity profiles and plasma neurohumoral studies were analyzed in patients with mild to moderate systemic hypertension. A double-blind placebo control phase in 28 patients was carried out for 6 weeks with a subgroup of 13 subsequently entering an open-label long-term phase for 1 year. Nicardipine produced a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic pressure over the 6-week phase (158 ± 15 to 142 ± 9 mm Hg, and 100 ± 5 to 89 ± 9 mm Hg, respectively, both p In the 13 patients treated for 1 year, systolic and diastolic pressure remained significantly decreased compared with pressure before therapy (135 ± 9 vs 147 ± 15 mm Hg, and 85 ± 6 vs 97 ± 9 mm Hg, both p
Spectral analysis of numerical methods for discrete-ordinates problems. I

Abstract A separation of variable method is proposed for the analysis of spatial differencing schemes for discreate-ordinates problems. This method leads to the defination of a “spectrum” for the differencing scheme which is a function of the cross sections and the spatial mesh. An analysis of the spectrum as a function only of the mesh yields theoretioal results rgarding stability, positivity, and accurancy which have not been obtained previousty. In this paper, we apply the theory to the standard dimond differences scheme and a new extended diamond difference scheme. Numerical results obtained from the solution of discrete-ordinates problems using these two schemes are shown to be in excellent agreement with the spectral theory.
Something old and something new about molecular diagnostics in gliomas

Abstract Progress in understanding the molecular biology of neoplasms has been driven by remarkable improvements in molecular biology techniques, creating a rapidly moving field in which even subspecialists struggle to keep abreast. Nowhere is this more clearly demonstrated than in neuro-oncology, wherein molecular diagnostics can wring more clinically useful information out of small biopsies than ever. The biologic and practical aspects of 4 key molecular biomarkers in gliomas are discussed, including 2 that have been known for some time (1p/19q codeletion and epidermal growth factor receptor [ EGFR ] amplification) as well as 2 whose relevance was discovered via advanced whole-genome assays ( IDH1/2 mutations and BRAF alterations).
Eukaryotic-Microbiota Crosstalk: Potential Mechanisms for Health Benefits of Prebiotics and Probiotics

The ability to link dietary consumption of prebiotic food ingredients and probiotic microorganisms to health benefits rests, in part, on our ability to identify both the extent to which these factors alter human microbiome activity and/or structure and the ability to engage eukaryotic cells necessary to transduce signals originating from the microbiome. The human microbiome consists of bacterial, archaeal, and fungal components that reside in mucosal surfaces of the gut, the airways, and the urogenital tract. Characterization of the symbiotic nature of the relationship between eukaryotic cells and the bacterial and archaeal components of the microbiota has revealed significant contributions in energy balance, bowel function, immunologic function, sensory perception, glycemic control, and blood pressure regulation. Elucidating the complex interactions between the microbiota and their associated epithelial, immune, and neural cells may provide mechanistic insights and a rational basis for our belief that dietary consumption of probiotic microorganisms and prebiotics produces health benefits.
E-078 Enhanced flow diversion for ruptured fusiform basilar artery aneurysm: case report

Introduction Rupture of fusiform basilar aneurysm is typically fatal despite best efforts. We report good short-term outcome after endovascular basilar artery recontruction in a patient with fusiform basilar aneurysm who presented with acute subarachnoid haemorrhage. Method A previously healthy 65-year-old male presented to the emergency department acutely obtunded with massive subarachnoid haemorrhage (Hunt/Hess grade 5). CT angiography revealed an irregular fusiform aneurysm of the mid- and proximal basilar artery. The neurosurgery team requested endovascular treatment. The patient was admitted to the ICU and partially loaded on aspirin/clopidogrel over several days. At treatment, a guide catheter was placed in each vertebral artery (VA). Via the left, a Pipeline embolisation device was deployed across the diseased segment from the relatively normal-appearing distal basilar artery to the distal left VA. From the right, the proximal saccular aneurysm component outside the stent was loosely packed with coils using a prepositioned microcatheter. Finally, the right vertebral artery was sacrificed beyond PICA to eliminate flow into the aneurysm except across the stent. Results Post-treatment angiograms demonstrated good stent position (arrows, figure C, show the distal half of the stent), preserved distal basilar perfusion (figure B), loose packing of the proximal aneurysm with some contrast stagnation (arrow, figure B), and sacrifice of the right VA beyond PICA (not shown). A brain MRI five days later showed no new infarct (specifically, no evidence of brainstem perforator infarct). Subsequently, the patient slowly improved neurologically and was transferred to a rehabilitation facility after three weeks, with major neurologic deficits but following commands. Conclusion Endovascular basilar artery reconstruction by enhanced flow diversion may allow survival after severe subarachnoid haemorrhage from ruptured fusiform aneurysm. Disclosures F. Almaguel: None. P. Bouz: None. S. Basu: None. J. Jacobson: None.
Foodborne illness outbreaks from microbial contaminants in spices, 1973–2010

This review identified fourteen reported illness outbreaks attributed to consumption of pathogen-contaminated spice during the period 1973-2010. Countries reporting outbreaks included Canada, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Germany, New Zealand, Norway, Serbia, and the United States. Together, these outbreaks resulted in 1946 reported human illnesses, 128 hospitalizations and two deaths. Infants/children were the primary population segments impacted by 36% (5/14) of spice-attributed outbreaks. Four outbreaks were associated with multiple organisms. Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica was identified as the causative agent in 71% (10/14) of outbreaks, accounting for 87% of reported illnesses. Bacillus spp. was identified as the causative agent in 29% (4/10) of outbreaks, accounting for 13% of illnesses. 71% (10/14) of outbreaks were associated with spices classified as fruits or seeds of the source plant. Consumption of ready-to-eat foods prepared with spices applied after the final food manufacturing pathogen reduction step accounted for 70% of illnesses. Pathogen growth in spiced food is suspected to have played a role in some outbreaks, but it was not likely a contributing factor in three of the larger Salmonella outbreaks, which involved low-moisture foods. Root causes of spice contamination included contributions from both early and late stages of the farm-to-table continuum.
Dynamic circulation of interstitial seawater in a Jamaican fringing reef

Twelve 7.62 cm diameter cores were taken along three and a half kilometers of coastline in the vicinity of Discovery Bay, Jamaica, to document the distribution of dolomite previously described (Mitchellet al., 1987). Water was observed to flow actively in and out of the open holes, which range in water depths from 6 to 13 meters. Most of the shallowest holes, and the single deepest one, “exhale” slowly and continuously, little affected by the wind-driven surge. Holes at intermediate depths exhibit a net flow of water into the reef, “breathing” asymmetrically with the wind-driven surge. In one case an integrated current velocity of 86 cm sec−1 was measured over a five minute interval into a three meter deep open hole. Astronomical tides, local wind-driven surge, and dispersion due to meteoric water discharge are apparently not direct causes of the phenomenon.
Functional dissociation of mu opioid receptor signaling and endocytosis: implications for the biology of opiate tolerance and addiction

Opiate analgesia, tolerance, and addiction are mediated by drug-induced activation of the mu opioid receptor. A fundamental question in addiction biology is why exogenous opiate drugs have a high liability for inducing tolerance and addiction while native ligands do not. Studies indicate that highly addictive opiate drugs such as morphine are deficient in their ability to induce the desensitization and endocytosis of receptors. Here, we demonstrate that this regulatory mechanism reveals an independent functional property of opiate drugs that can be distinguished from previously established agonist properties. Moreover, this property correlates with agonist propensity to promote physiological tolerance, suggesting a fundamental revision of our understanding of the role of receptor endocytosis in the biology of opiate drug action and addiction.