cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A numerical study on interface crack growth under heat flux loading

Abstract A numerical framework for the coupled thermo-mechanical analysis of crack growth in structures loaded by an applied heat flux is outlined. Using a thermo-mechanical cohesive zone model (TM-CZM), load transfer behavior is coupled to heat conduction across an interface and the corresponding interface crack. Nonlinear effects occur due to the coupling between the mechanical and thermal problem introduced by the conductance–separation response between crack faces as well as through the temperature dependence of material constants of the CZM. The description of the load transfer behavior uses a traction–separation law with an internal residual property variable that characterizes the extent of damage caused by mechanical loading. The description of thermal transport includes a representation of the breakdown of interface conductance with increase in material separation. The current state of interface failure, the presence of gas entrapped in the crack, the radiative heat transfer across the crack and a contact conductance between crack faces determine the cohesive zone conductance. The TM-CZM is implemented into a finite element code and applied in the study of interface crack growth between an oxidation protection coating on a thermal protection material.
Social, behavioral, and sleep characteristics associated with depression symptoms among undergraduate students at a women's college: a cross-sectional depression survey, 2012.

Background The association between student characteristics and depression among students attending women’s colleges (single-sex institutions of higher education that exclude or limit males from admission) is poorly understood. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of depression and determine behavioral and social characteristics associated with depression among students attending a women’s college.
Properties of the thymidine transport system of Chinese hamster ovary cells as probed by nitrobenzylthioinosine.

The transport of thymidine into Chinese hamster ovary cells grown in suspension culture was measured under conditions in which thymidine was not metabolized, namely, when cells had been depleted of ATP. The system transporting thymidine was saturable (Kmzt=70μM), rapid (50% of transmembrane equilibrium level attained within 8 sec), and was apparently shared by other nucleosides, but not thymine or hypoxanthine. 6([4-nitrobenzyl]thio)-9-β-d-ribofuranosylpurine, “nitrobenzylthioinosine”, inhibited thymidine transport in a simple, noncompetitive fashion with an apparentKi=1.0 nM (based on total concentration of inhibitor, which significantly overestimates that of free inhibitor). The rate of expression of inhibition was slow (t1/2=17 sec) relative to the rate of association of thymidine with its transporter, and thymidine partially protected the transport system against inhibition by nitrobenzylthioinosine. The dissociation constant for the inhibitortransporter complex was estimated at about 0.1 nM, and the number of binding sites per cell at about 6×104. HeLa, P388 murine leukemia, and mouse L cells were as sensitive to nitrobenzylthioinosine inhibition of thymidine transport as Chinese hamster ovary cells; Novikoff rat hepatoma cells were much less sensitive.
Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma

Background. Odontogenic ghost cell carcinoma (OGCC), a malignant counterpart of the calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC), is exceedingly rare. Previous descriptions of this tumor were based on identification of malignant histologic characteristics such as infiltration, cellular pleomorphism, numerous mitoses, and necrosis concurrent with classical benign COC or its solid benign variant, the odontogenic ghost cell tumor. Methods. We present a case of a young Asian man who underwent multiple local excisions of a recurring maxillary COC. After one such excision, a rapid onset of painful swelling ensued, and the patient was referred to our institution for definitive surgery. Results. The patient underwent a right subtotal maxillectomy. Intraoperatively, a 5-cm tumor was found to be extending into the right maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. The excised tumor was diagnosed as an OGCC. The tumor was excised with clear margins, and no adjunctive radiotherapy was given. The patient was free of residual or recurrent disease 18 months after surgery. Conclusions. On the basis of this case and prior cases found in the literature, OGCCs show a spectrum of growth from slow growing locally invasive tumors to highly aggressive, rapidly growing, infiltrative tumors. Wide local excision with histologically clean margins is the recommended mode of treatment. We recommend close long-term surveillance of recurrent or long-standing benign COCs and OGCC. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck26: 378–381, 2004
Heparin-dependent antibodies and thrombosis without heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Although heparin-dependent antibodies (HDAs) typically manifest with thrombocytopenia as in heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), they may also manifest with preserved platelet counts. We describe a 35-year-old woman who developed severe thrombotic complications due to heparinization and unrecognized HDAs. She had received subcutaneous heparin as prophylaxis for deep vein thrombosis during a 5-day hospitalization for postpartum cardiomyopathy. Five days after discharge (day 1), she developed bilateral lower extremity arterial thrombi and underwent heparinization and successful lower extremity thrombectomies. A pulmonary embolus and hepatic and renal infarcts were then found. On days 2–6, the patient experienced a myocardial infarction, ischemic cerebrovascular accident, recurrent lower extremity arterial thrombus, and splenic infarct. On day 7, blood obtained on day 4 was found to be strongly positive for HDAs. In the interim, the patient had been transitioned to warfarin. Her platelet counts were never less than 75% of baseline and were consistently above 200 times 103/mm3. Hypercoagulability studies were negative. The patient's score on the Naranjo adverse drug reaction probability scale indicated that the relationship between this adverse reaction and heparin was probable. An extensive MEDLINE search located 22 other reports of patients who developed HDAs, sometimes associated with thrombosis, but whose platelet counts did not decrease. As with our patient, many of these case reports described clinicians who overlooked thrombosis due to HDAs because the patients did not have HIT. Clinicians should be cognizant of this possibility and consider a diagnosis of HDAs in patients with ongoing thrombosis who are receiving heparin therapy. It is strongly recommended that heparin be substituted with another anticoagulant in such cases until the presence of HDAs can be definitively ruled out.
The International MTT Society: Celebrating the Character and Enhancing the Role [President's Column]

A few visionary microwave engineers in the United States realized they need an organization to promote microwave-related activities and forums to exchange their technical developments. That is how the Microwave Theory and Techniques Society (MTT-S) was formed about 58 years ago. The Society was undeniably American by birth. However, it grew, matured, and fl ourished to become a truly international society by evolution. The American birth is an honor that must always be acknowledged, and the international role is a duty that must be fulfilled.
Photochemistry and electron transfer in borohydride-treated photosynthetic reaction centers

Abstract The photochemistry and electron-transfer activities of sodium-borohydride-treated reaction centers from the purple photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides R26 have been investigated by both milliand picosecond absorption techniques. Separation from the treated reaction center of the reduction product, apparently a reduced form of one of the two molecules of bacteriochlorophyll contributing to the 800 nm ground-state absorption band, is also reported. In the near-infrared region, differences between treated and untreated reaction centers are observed in both milli- and picosecond light-induced difference spectra. However, borohydride-treated reaction centers exhibit photochemistry and electron transfer which are indistinguishable from those observed in untreated reaction centers. These results indicate that normal activity occurs in reaction centers that contain both molecules of bacteriopheophytin, but only three of the usual four molecules of bacteriochlorophyll.
Market efficiency before and after the introduction of electronic trading at the Toronto stock exchange

Abstract The trend toward automation of the trading activity on stock exchanges has spread around the world in recent years. Using rescaled range analysis, we test the effect of automation at the TSE on the market's efficiency using daily and monthly return data. Significant departures from a random walk model were found for selected individual stocks in the daily data. However, monthly returns of various stock indexes were more closely described by a random walk process. Differences in the daily and monthly data may be attributable to the effects of aggregation and indexation on return data. In addition, several simple ‘technical’ trading strategies were compared with a ‘buy and hold’ strategy using daily data for 25 stocks. Despite the presence of non-random patterns in the return data, the technical trading rules could not exploit this information to out-perform the buy and hold strategy. Thus, the presence of deviations from a random walk do not necessarily translate into abnormal performance. Overall, the results suggest automation did not significantly alter the degree of market efficiency at the TSE.
Cation distribution and cardiac jelly in early embryonic heart: a histochemical and electron microscopic study.

Abstract The ontogenesis of Na + distribution in young embryonic myocardia of the chick between 34 h and 5 days of development was studied using a histochemical method (pyroantimonate, before and after Ca 2+ chelation) in combination with electron microscopy. The results confirm that the Na + content of the mucopolysaccharide cardiac jelly complex is very high compared to that in the myocardial cells, and to that in the blood plasma at 48 h. The cardiac jelly Na + content not only decreases rapidly, but is also diluted by proliferating myocardial cells, so that by 3.5 to 4 days it probably contributes little to the Na + content of the heart. Cytoplasmic matrix Na + content is very low at 34 h and increases gradually to a level at 3.5 and 5 days which is greater than that at 12 days. Nuclear Na + content is relatively low at 34 h and increases to reach the usual relatively high levels by 3.5 days. The mitochondrial Ca 2+ , and possibly Mg 2+ , content is very high between inner and outer membranes at 34 h. It decreases rapidly and becomes almost negligible at 3.5 days. Myofibrillar Ca 2+ , and possibly Mg 2+ , content is negligible at 34 h and increases to reach levels found in older hearts by 3.5 days. These changes are discussed in terms of possible biochemical and physiological correlates.
The Effect of Small-Scale Moisture Variability on Thunderstorm Initiation

Observations during the Convection and Precipitation/Electrification (CaPE) project illustrate that horizontal convective rolls are capable of providing sufficient forcing to initiate free moist convection. Rolls occurred on the majority of days during CaPE but on only some of those days were they able to trigger thunderstorms. This study was undertaken to ascertain the difference between the two types of roll days: the storm days and the nostorm days. All obvious sounding parameters were examined: stability parameters, midlevel moisture, and vertical wind shear. None of them showed a difference between the storm and no-storm days. This is not surprising in light of recent work showing that soundings within rolls are not representative of the environmental stability unless they happen to be launched into roll updraft branches. This is due to the upward transport of warm, moist air in the roll updraft regions atop which cloud streets and sometimes thunderstorms form. Numerous other parameters examined were also fruitless in identifying any difference between the days. These included surface station measurements, cell motion relative to roll updraft locations, surface topography, and roll circulation strength and depth. The only useful predictor was obtained by modifying the soundings using aircraft data as they were flying across the rolls and sampling moisture contained within the roll updraft branches. Using these roll updraft moisture measurements to recalculate sounding stability parameters provided an effective means of predicting thunderstorm formation.
Hereditary Hemochromatosis and Transferrin Receptor 2

Abstract Background Multicellular organisms regulate the uptake of calories, trace elements, and other nutrients by complex feedback mechanisms. In the case of iron, the body senses internal iron stores, iron requirements for hematopoiesis, and inflammatory status, and regulates iron uptake by modulating the uptake of dietary iron from the intestine. Both the liver and the intestine participate in the coordination of iron uptake and distribution in the body. The liver senses inflammatory signals and iron status of the organism and secretes a peptide hormone, hepcidin. Under high iron or inflammatory conditions hepcidin levels increase. Hepcidin binds to the iron transport protein, ferroportin (FPN), promoting FPN internalization and degradation. Decreased FPN levels reduce iron efflux out of intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages into the circulation. Derangements in iron metabolism result in either the abnormal accumulation of iron in the body, or in anemias. The identification of the mutations that cause the iron overload disease, hereditary hemochromatosis (HH), or iron-refractory iron-deficiency anemia has revealed many of the proteins used to regulate iron uptake. Scope of the review In this review we discuss recent data concerning the regulation of iron homeostasis in the body by the liver and how transferrin receptor 2 (TfR2) affects this process. Major conclusions TfR2 plays a key role in regulating iron homeostasis in the body. General significance The regulation of iron homeostasis is important. One third of the people in the world are anemic. HH is the most common inherited disease in people of Northern European origin and can lead to severe health complications if left untreated. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Transferrins: Molecular mechanisms of iron transport and disorders.
Mortality after major spinal deformity corrective surgery in adults

Abstract Purpose of study: To determine the incidence of mortality after major spinal deformity corrective surgery in adults and factors that may contribute to postoperative mortality. Incidence of mortality after major spinal deformity corrective surgery has reportedly ranged form 1.4% to 20%. Few studies assess mortality in a large series. We report our experience in 417 patients. Methods used: From 1992 to 1999, 417 patients (347 women, 70 men) aged 20 to 87 years (average, 51 years) underwent spinal deformity corrective surgery (146 primary, 271 revision). Surgical approaches include 23 anterior, 155 posterior, 167 same-day combined and 72 staged combined. Average intraoperative blood loss was 3,100 cc. Comorbidity risk was assessed by ASA score (1, 28; 2, 233; 3, 143; 4, 3; average 2.3). Fusion levels varied as follows: 10, 107. We retrospectively reviewed the patients who died on our service and identified factors that may have contributed to their demise. of findings: The incidence of mortality was 2.4% (10 of 417; 2 men, 8 women; aged 35 to 70 years, average, 52 years). One death was intraoperative. Death occurred on average on postoperative day 9. Average intraoperative blood loss was 3,699 cc (1,300 to 9,000). Average number of levels was 10.1 (5 to 15). Of the 10, 2 were anterior approaches, 5 were posterior alone and 3 were combined; 5 were revisions. Pedicle subtraction osteotomies were performed in six of eight posterior approaches. ASA scores averaged 3 (range, 2 to 4; 4, 2; 3, 5; 2, 2; 1, 0). Causes of death included pulmonary embolus (3), myocardial infarction, shock, abdominal hemorrhage, seizures, multisystem organ failure, cerebral edema/brain death and ARDS. Relationship between findings and existing knowledge: This is the largest known database of complications to date. Overall significance of findings: The incidence of mortality after major spinal corrective surgery in adults is significant. Sex, age, blood loss and revision status were not factors affecting mortality. Patients who died tended to have higher ASA scores/comorbidities (3 vs. 2.3) and were more likely to have had osteotomies. The high incidence of pulmonary embolus as cause of death makes it imperative to further investigate PE in this patient population. Disclosures: No disclosures. Conflict of interest: No conflicts.
Violence in juvenile gangs: some notes and a few analogies.

Juvenile gang violence stems from a collective rage, which is the product of the deprivation of success, authority and the future. Gang violence can be stopped only by striking at the causes of the rage. To do this, society must first recognize that the gang has real claims against it, and must then negotiate on that basis. Society's authority will be accepted only when it can present a rationale and a vision of the future that will provide juvenile gang members with an identity-forming ideology and an attractive alternative to the present realities that form the gangs' environments.
Ca2+-oscillations and Ca2+-waves in mammalian cardiac and vascular smooth muscle cells

Abstract In this article, we review briefly the available theories and data on [Ca 2+ ] i -waves and [Ca 2+ ] i -oscillations in mammalian cardiac and vascular smooth muscle. In addition to our review, we also report: (i) the existence and characterization of rapid agonist-induced [Ca 2+ ] i -waves in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5 cells); and (ii) a new method for studying rapid [Ca 2+ ] i -waves in mammalian cardiac ventricular cells. In mammalian cardiac muscle several types of Ca 2+ -release from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) are known to occur and might be involved in Ca 2+ -waves and Ca 2+ -oscillations: (a) Ca 2+ -induced release of Ca 2+ , of the type thought to be important in normal excitation-contraction coupling; (b) spontaneous, cyclic release of Ca 2+ related to a Ca 2+ -overload of the SR; and (c) Ins(1,4,5)P 3 -induced Ca 2+ -release. The available data support the idea that [Ca 2+ ] i -waves in heart propagate by a mechanism somewhat different than that involved in normal excitation-contraction coupling (a, above), perhaps involving spontaneous release of Ca 2+ from an overloaded SR (b, above). In mammalian vascular smooth muscle, our data support the idea that agonist-receptor interaction (vasopressin, in this case) initiates [Ca 2+ ] i -waves that then propagate via some form of Ca 2+ -induced release of Ca 2+ , perhaps in a manner similar to that proposed by Berridge and Irvine [1].
Rotationally resolved infrared spectroscopy of a jet-cooled phenyl radical in the gas phase.

The first high-resolution IR spectra of a jet-cooled phenyl radical are reported, obtained via direct absorption laser spectroscopy in a slit-jet discharge supersonic expansion. The observed A-type band arises from fundamental excitation of the out-of-phase symmetric CH stretch mode (ν19) of b2 symmetry. Unambiguous spectral assignment of the rotational structure to the phenyl radical is facilitated by comparison with precision 2-line combination differences from Fourier transform microwave and direct absorption mm-wave measurements on the ground state [R. J. McMahon et al., Astrophys. J., 2003, 590, L61]. Least-squares fits to an asymmetric top Hamiltonian permit the upper-state rotational constants to be obtained. The corresponding gas-phase vibrational band origin at 3071.8904 (10) cm−1 is in remarkably good agreement with previous matrix isolation studies [A. V. Friderichsen et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2001, 123, 1977], and indicates only a relatively minor red shift (≈0.9 cm−1) between the gas and Ar matrix phase environment. Such studies offer considerable promise for further high resolution IR study of other aromatic radical species of particular relevance to combustion phenomena and interstellar chemistry.
Trajectory Tracking Controller for Vision-Based Probe and Drogue Autonomous Aerial Refueling

This paper addresses autonomous aerial refueling between an unmanned tanker aircraft and an unmanned receiver aircraft using the probe-and-drogue method. An important consideration is the ability to achieve successful docking in the presence of exogenous inputs such as atmospheric turbulence. Practical probe and drogue autonomous aerial refueling requires a reliable sensor capable of providing accurate relative position measurements of su‐cient bandwidth, integrated with a robust relative navigation and control algorithm. This paper develops a Reference Observer Based Tracking Controller that does not require a model of the drogue or presumed knowledge of its position, and integrates it with an existing vision based relative navigation sensor. A trajectory generation module is used to translate the relative drogue position measured by the sensor into a smooth reference trajectory, and an output injection observer is used to estimate the states to be tracked by the receiver aircraft. Accurate tracking is provided by a state feedback controller with good disturbance rejection properties. A frequency domain stability analysis for the combined reference observer and controller shows that the system is robust to sensor noise, atmospheric turbulence, and high frequency unmodeled dynamics. Feasibility and performance of the total system is demonstrated by simulated docking maneuvers of an unmanned receiver aircraft docking with the non-stationary drogue of an unmanned tanker, in the presence of atmospheric turbulence. Performance characteristics of the vision based relative navigation sensor are also investigated, and the total system is compared to an earlier version. Results presented in the paper indicate that the integrated sensor and controller enable precise aerial refueling, including consideration of realistic measurements errors, plant modeling errors, and disturbances.
Regulation of Human Tissue Transglutaminase Function by Magnesium-Nucleotide Complexes IDENTIFICATION OF DISTINCT BINDING SITES FOR Mg-GTP AND Mg-ATP

Tissue transglutaminase (tTG) catalyzes a Ca(2+)-dependent transglutaminase (TGase) activity that stabilizes tissues and a GTP hydrolysis activity that regulates cell receptor signaling. The purpose of this study was to examine the true substrates for nucleotide hydrolysis and the effects of these substrates on modulating the dual enzymatic activities of tTG. We found that Mg-GTP and Mg-ATP are the true substrates of the hydrolysis reaction. tTG hydrolyzed Mg-GTP and Mg-ATP at similar rates and interacted with Mg-ATP (Km = 38 +/- 10 microM) at a 3-fold greater steady-state affinity than with Mg-GTP (Km = 130 +/- 35 microM). In addition, Mg-ATP inhibited GTP hydrolysis (IC50 = 24 microM), whereas 1 mM Mg-GTP reduced ATP hydrolysis by only 20%. Furthermore, the TGase activity of tTG was inhibited by Mg-GTP, Mg-GDP, and Mg-GMP, with IC50 values of 9, 9, and 400 microM, respectively, whereas the Mg-adenine nucleotides were ineffective. Kinetic analysis of the hydrolysis reaction demonstrates the presence of separate binding sites for Mg-GTP and Mg-ATP. Finally, we found that Mg-GTP protected tTG from proteolytic degradation by trypsin, whereas Mg-ATP was ineffective. In conclusion, we report that Mg-GTP and Mg-ATP can bind to distinct sites and serve as substrates for nucleotide hydrolysis. Furthermore, binding of Mg-GTP causes a conformational change and the inhibition of TGase activity, whereas Mg-ATP is ineffective. The implication of these findings in regulating the intracellular and extracellular function of tTG is discussed.
New gene transfer methods

The intentional introduction of recombinant DNA molecules into a living organism can be achieved in many ways. Viruses have been making a living by practicing gene transfer for millennia. Recently, man has gotten into the act. The paradigm employed is fairly straightforward. First, a way must be found to move genetic information across biological membrane barriers. Then, presumably, DNA repair mechanisms do the rest. The array of methods available to move DNA into the nucleus provides the flexibility necessary to transfer genes into cells as physically diverse as sperm and eggs. Some of the more promising alternative strategies such as sperm-mediated gene transfer, restriction enzyme-mediated integration, metaphase II transgenesis, and a new twist on retrovirus-mediated gene transfer will be discussed, among other methods.
A Comment on the Relationship Between Earthquake Magnitude and Rupture Length

There is a physical basis for the existence of scatter in relationships between the magnitude and rupture length of earthquakes. This article suggests that when such a relation is applied to estimate the maximum magnitude which may occur on some fault, a relationship which bounds the existing data is most appropriate. For a probabilistic risk analysis, it is better to use a physically motivated description of the scatter of rupture lengths; one way to do this is by introducing the stress drop.
A Self-Contained, Man-Borne Biomedical Instrumentation System in the Flight Testing of Naval Weapons Systems,

Abstract : The historical lack of aircrew physiological data has prevented its use in the definition and evaluation of airborne man-machine systems. Recognizing this deficiency, a joint Navy and Air Force program has resulted in the development of a self-contained man-borne In-Flight Physiological Data Acquisition System (IFPDAS). This system is capable of obtaining and recording up to 32 channels of physiological and engineering parameters for flight durations to four hours. A ground based microprocessor provides computer analysis of this data. At present, the Navy is establishing a methodology for the employment of the system, developing analytical software, and collecting operational flight data. Further plans for the IFPDAS include collecting and processing multi-parameter physiological and environmental data from aircrewmen to more thoroughly describe the tactical flight environment and thus support proper development of aircrew life support and weapons systems. (Author)
Some chemical constituents of the secretion from the temporal gland of the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana )

The temporal glands of African elephants were examined macroscopically and histologically, and were found to be modified apocrine sweat glands. The secretion from these glands was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, and some of the major volatile components have been identified as phenol andm- andp-cresol.
Heterotopic pregnancy after bilateral salpingectomy resulting in near-term delivery of a healthy infant.

Objective To describe an unusual case of heterotopic pregnancy. Design Case report. Setting Division of Reproductive Medicine and Infertility, Women & Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Brown Medical School. Providence, Rhode Island. Patient(s) A woman with an unusual heterotopic pregnancy who had had prior bilateral salpingectomies, but delivered a healthy female infant near term after requiring laparotomy for a ruptured left cornual pregnancy 28 days after embryo transfer. Intervention(s) IVF, laparotomy with wedge resection of the left tubal cornu, and near-term cesarean section. Main Outcome Measure(s) Excision of ectopic pregnancy with preservation of intrauterine pregnancy. Result(s) Delivery of a 2920 gram (6 lb, 7 oz) female infant. Conclusion(s) Heterotopic pregnancy may occur after bilateral salpingectomy, but a satisfactory outcome can be obtained in such circumstances after surgical excision of the ectopic gestation and preservation of the intrauterine pregnancy.
Collaborative cross-disciplinary client-based projects: a case study

To prepare for the changing marketplace, students must become confident working with both real-world clients and multidisciplinary teams. A major barrier for students is their inability to communicate knowledge effectively or work outside clearly defined objectives. To address these issues, this study explores the application of authentic learning strategies within the framework of collaborative cross-disciplinary client-based projects (CBPs). Students from two disciplines (marketing and fashion merchandising) worked together on a semester-long project, utilising a real client. Data were collected online, before and after the CBPs, regarding student perceptions of authentic learning, social-cognitive learning, value of the experience, learning effectiveness, and career preparedness. A control class participated in a single-discipline CBP. Analysis showed no significant interaction effect between exposure (pre and post) and collaboration type (single-discipline and cross-discipline). However, results showe...
Potential for control of Cadra cautella (Walker) by release of fully or partially sterile males.

Modifications of the sterile-male release technique appear to offer promise for the control of post-harvest lepidopteran pest populations within storage structures. Theoretical models of release strategies for Cadra cautella (Walker) showed that each method has an “ideal” flooding ratio. This ratio represents the best balance between extinction in a few generations and minimization of the total number of insects released. From data reported concerning the population dynamics of Cadra cautella in the field an ideal flooding ratio for fully sterile (S) males to fertile (F) males of 97:1 would achieve extinction in 3 generations. The ratio of partially sterile males released in alternate generations that would achieve extinction in 4 generations was 125:1, and the ratio of partially sterile males released every generation that would achieve extinction in 5 generations was 74:1. Total numbers of males released per 100 native insects (♂ + ♀) that would be needed to achieve extinction at these flooding ratios would be 14,850, 14,900 and 18,500, respectively.
New rhenium carbonyl cluster complexes containing bridging hydrocarbyl and bridging mercury groups

Abstract The new rhenium–mercury complexes [Re2(CO)8(μ-HgI)(μ-η1-C6H5)]2, 2 and [Re2(CO)8[μ-HCC(H)C4H9]2(μ4-Hg), 3 were obtained from the reactions of Re2(CO)8[μ-Au(PPh3)](μ-η1-C6H5), 1 with HgI2 and of Re2(CO)8[μ-HCC(H)C4H9](μ-H) with Hg(C6H5)2, respectively. In the solid state compound 2 is dimer of Re2(CO)8(μ-HgI)(μ-η1-C6H5) that held together by iodide ligands that asymmetrically bridge between the two mercury atoms. Each dirhenium group is formally electronically unsaturated and contains one bridging η1-C6H5 ligand. Compound 3 contains two Re2(CO)8[μ-HCC(H)C4H9]2 groups held together by a quadruply bridging spiro-structured mercury atom.
Single fiber studies of ascending input to the cuneate nucleus of cats: II. Postsynaptic afferents.

The morphology of single postsynaptic afferent fibers terminating in the feline cuneate nucleus was investigated by using transport of Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin from the cervical spinal cord and intraaxonal injections of horseradish peroxidase into identified postsynaptic fibers in the cuneate fasciculus. Injections of Phaseolus in C5 and C6 of both rhizotomized and non-rhizotomized cats gave similar results and confirmed previous observations with other techniques. In one animal with the smallest injection and the fewest labeled fibers in the cuneate nucleus, ten individual collaterals were reconstructed from serial sections. Most of these collaterals were at middle levels of the cuneate (from obex to about 4 mm caudal to it); they were largely confined to the rim and ventral regions of the nucleus, and their terminal fields were restricted rostrocaudally. Electrophysiologically identified fibers stained with horseradish peroxidase had large receptive fields on the ipsilateral forepaw, and latencies suggesting an oligosynaptic link to the periphery. Most of the collaterals from these fibers were also at middle cuneate levels and terminated mainly at the periphery of the nucleus but gave rise to larger terminal arbors, including sparse terminal branches to the core of the nucleus. Individual postsynaptic fibers differed in several respects from primary afferent fibers. While the spacing of collaterals of postsynaptic fibers was intermediate between that of G hair and Ia fibers, their arbors were larger than either, and could extend through the dorsoventral extent of the cuneate nucleus. The pattern of bifurcation of postsynaptic fibers resulted in stringier arbors which encompassed larger and less dense terminal fields than those of primary afferents. The number of boutons per collateral was intermediate between G hair and Ia fibers, but boutons of postsynaptic fibers were substantially smaller. These morphological differences are consistent with distinct functional roles for the two main ascending afferent systems, as suggested by electrophysiological data.
Behavior of “Teflon” fluorocarbon resins at elevated temperatures

Abstract The rates of heating and of decomposition of TFE- and FEP-fluorocarbon resins under conditions of high thermal flux are discussed. Calculated heating curves and rates of ablation are presented, as well as values for thermal, thermodynamic, and kinetic properties on which the calculations were based. Experimental work on the decomposition of TFE- and FEP-fluorocarbon resins at 450 to 600°C, at higher temperatures in a solar furnace and at still more severe conditions in a plasma jet are described. Calculated and experimental results are compared.
Transverse core fiber alignment in short-fiber injection-molding

Abstract Frequently it is observed that fibers in the core of short-fiber injection moldings lie predominantly in the plane of the plaque and perpendicular to the mold-fill direction. Such orientation of core fibers does nit appear to be explicable by the fluid mechanics of mold-filling, and an entrance-induced orientation argument does not account for an orientation which is transverse to both the mold-fill and thickness directions. The present work investigates the development of fiber orientation during the mold-filling process by examining through-thickness microstructures in a series of controlled short shots. Comparison of these microstructures with that of a fully packed injection molding indicates that the transverse orientation of fibers throughout the core layer did not occur until after the mold was full. Hence, the transverse orientation of core fibers may be attributed to stresses developed during the packing stage of the injection molding process.
Induction of calcitonin and calcitonin receptor expression in rat mammary tissue during pregnancy.

Human breast milk samples at early time points after parturition contain high levels of calcitonin (CT) in both normal and thyroidectomized mothers, suggesting that mammary tissue produces CT. Using blot hybridization and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain (RT-PCR) analysis of rat mammary RNA we found that CT messenger RNA is induced at midpregnancy (day 12), remains elevated through late pregnancy (day 19) but then decreases before the day of birth. RIA of mammary CT revealed that levels increase from 0.3 ng/g tissue in nonpregnant animals to peak at 1.6 ng/g on day 19 and then decline after that, paralleling messenger RNA expression. Dilution profiles for extracted mammary CT showed close parallelism with monomeric rat CT. Plasma samples from thyroparathyroidectomized rats contained 10–20 pg/ml CT that did not increase during pregnancy, suggesting that mammary CT is not released into plasma but functions locally. Consistent with this, RT-PCR detected that the CT receptor C1a isoform is expressed in ...
Fyn is a downstream target of the pleiotrophin/receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase β/ζ-signaling pathway: Regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn by pleiotrophin

Abstract Pleiotrophin (PTN the protein, Ptn the gene) signals downstream targets through inactivation of its receptor, the transmembrane receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP)β/ζ, disrupting the balanced activity of RPTPβ/ζ and the activity of a constitutively active tyrosine kinase. As a consequence of the inactivation of RPTPβ/ζ, PTN stimulates a sharp increase in the levels of tyrosine phosphorylation of the substrates of RPTPβ/ζ in PTN-stimulated cells. We now report that the Src family member Fyn interacts with the intracellular domain of RPTPβ/ζ in a yeast two-hybrid system. We further demonstrate that Fyn is a substrate of RPTPβ/ζ, and that tyrosine phosphorylation of Fyn is sharply increased in PTN-stimulated cells. In previous studies, we demonstrated that β-catenin and β-adducin are targets of the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ-signaling pathway and defined the mechanisms through which tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin and β-adducin disrupts cytoskeletal protein complexes. We conclude that Fyn is a downstream target of the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ-signaling pathway and suggest that PTN coordinately regulates tyrosine phosphorylation of β-catenin, β-adducin, and Fyn through the PTN/RPTPβ/ζ-signaling pathway and that together Fyn, β-adducin, and β-catenin may be effectors of the previously described PTN-stimulated disruption of cytoskeletal stability, increased cell plasticity, and loss of cell–cell adhesion that are characteristic of PTN-stimulated cells and a feature of many human malignant cells in which mutations have established constitutive expression of the Ptn gene.
The stress interview: unfinished business.

The stress interview, once a common method of psychophysiological research, is today unused because of concerns for research design and ethical issues. As it almost uniquely allows direct structured observations of bodily responses to stress in man it ought to be revived, incorporating modern instrumentation, current methods of refinement of subjective judgments, and now-conventional ethical safeguards. A considerable range of prospective applications to current needs in gastrointestinal research is presented, and the ethical justification for such studies is reviewed. The potential gains far outweigh the small risks which would be incurred.
Stimulation by octanoate of insulin release from isolated rat pancreas

Abstract Using pieces of rat pancreas incubated in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing 0.6 mg. glucose/ml., it has been found that addition of 3.0 mM. octanoate to the incubation medium significantly (p
Comparison of molecular and antibiotic resistance profile methods for the population analysis of Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates that nodulate the new TGx soybean cultivars in Africa

R . C . A B A I D O O , H . H . K E Y S E R , P . W . S I N G L E T O N A N D D . B O R T H A K U R . 2002. Aims: Comparison of molecular and antibiotic resistance profile methods to identify an easy method that can differentiate between strains of introduced Bradyrhizobium japonicum and the indigenous Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates which nodulate the newly developed TGx soybean cultivars in Africa. Methods and Results: Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of 16S rDNA generated by five restriction enzymes, banding patterns in Southern hybridization using nod and nif genes as probes, and resistance patterns of the isolates to nine antibiotics, were used to group 26 Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates and four other Bradyrhizobium strains. The clusters of isolates obtained from the four grouping methods were all different, although all methods revealed large genetic diversity among the isolates. Conclusions: Results indicate that the antibiotic resistance profile method is as good as the three molecular methods used in this study for phylogenetic grouping of the Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates, which may serve as a basis for further characterization of selected isolates from each group. Significance and Impact of the Study: The antibiotic resistance profile method can be used as a simple means of assessing genetic variability and grouping of a large number of Bradyrhizobium spp. (TGx) isolates. Representative isolates from each group can then be selected for further characterization.
Does genre type influence choice of video platform? A study of college student use of internet and television for specific video genres

With the introduction of multichannel video programming distributors and different types of video platforms, consumers have more choices of channels and platforms than ever. Specifically, the present study focuses on television and the Internet as video platforms. Given the dynamics of the video programming industry, this study examines (1) how motives for watching video content predict intention to use television and intention to use the Internet as a video platform, (2) how the motives for watching a particular video content genre differ by video platform types, and (3) how audience's choice of video content genres differs by video platform types. A survey method was used to obtain data for this study. Before the main survey was conducted, a pilot test was undertaken to test the wording of the questionnaire and reliability of items for constructs. A total of 149 students at a large university located in the southern part of the country participated in the main survey. The study reveals that motives for viewing the same genre of video content differ according to video platform types. It also discovers the underlying reason behind the popularity of certain genres online.
g factors and related magnetic properties of molecules. Formulation of theory and calculations for H/sub 2//sup ts+/, HD/sup +/, and D/sub 2//sup ts+/

A theoretical framework is presented from which precise electronic g values for molecules may be calculated. The theory is applied to the calculation of g factors and related magnetic properties for H/sub 2//sup ts+/, HD/sup +/, and D/sub 2//sup ts+/. The average g value for the ground state of each of these molecular ions is predicted to be shifted by about 3 ppm from the g factor for atomic hydrogen. The results are expected to be accurate to about 0.1 ppm, and when compared with future experimental measurements may provide the first precise test of the theory of molecular g factors.
“DAGGERING” AND THE REGULATION OF QUESTIONABLE BROADCAST MEDIA CONTENT IN JAMAICA

In 2008, a new style in Jamaican dancehall music and dance culture known as “Daggering” emerged. Daggering music and dancing, which included lyrics that graphically referred to sexual activities and a dance which has been described as “dry sex” on the dance floor, took Jamaica by storm. Unlike other dancehall traditions, however, Daggering went so main stream that both television and radio stations were airing audio and video recorded versions of the songs. The Broadcasting Commission of Jamaica was forced, because of the public controversy that evolved, to crack down on broadcasting and cable stations preventing them from playing any Daggering content. This article focuses on the subsequent clash between the government and the dancehall, and seeks to identify an appropriate method for monitoring and enforcing these new standards.
Some structural health monitoring approaches for nonlinear hydraulic dampers

Viscous dampers are integral components in the implementation of structural control retrofit strategies on several new or retrofitted bridges throughout the world. Design engineers have realized the economic and engineering value of dissipating the large anticipated forces from wind and seismic loads. Owing to the significance of the role played by the dampers in the retrofit schemes, it is imperative that health monitoring strategies be investigated. Health monitoring procedures provide potential capabilities to continuously evaluate the integrity of components. The goals of the study reported herein were to conduct some analytical and experimental studies to evaluate a promising strategy for structural health monitoring of nonlinear viscous dampers. A nonparametric identification technique previously developed to handle a very broad class of nonlinear problems usually encountered in the structural dynamics field is used in conjunction with noise-polluted synthetic data to assess the sensitivity of the proposed approach to detect slight changes in the characteristics of a nonlinear viscous damper under broadband excitation. By inspecting changes in the probability density function of the identified dominant system parameters, it is shown that the proposed structural health monitoring approach is capable of detecting small changes, even in the presence of a modest amount of noise pollution. Preliminary experimental results are also presented from a realistic laboratory model to illustrate the application of the monitoring scheme. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Georgia on the Mind of Radical Civil Service Reformers

Georgia’s comprehensive reform of its civil service system in July 1996 removed merit system protections from all employees hired after that date and substantially altered the relationship between ...
Components of Variance Estimation for the Split-Plot Design

Abstract In the balanced two-way layout split-plot design, maximum likelihood estimators and restricted maximum likelihood estimators are compared with the commonly used minimum variance unbiased estimators of variance components. Consistency problems are noted for the maximum likelihood estimators and a theorem is proved showing that the mean square errors of the restricted maximum likelihood estimators are uniformly smaller than the minimum variance unbiased estimators.
Instrumentation for In Vivo Cerebral NADH Studies in Squirrel Monkey

The optical and electronic design features of a reliable microspectrofluorometer that allows successful microfluorometric studies in areas of brain ischemia over a period of 2.0 hours are described in detail. The apparatus allows moment-to-moment recording of the oxidation-reduction state of brain mitochondria in areas of ischemia and therefore affords the potential of measuring the immediate effect of a variety of drugs designed either to increase blood flow in areas of ischemia or to support marginal metabolism. Problems of choice of anesthetic agent, hemoglobin artifact, photodecomposition, and preparation reliability are discussed.
Consumer acceptability of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-treated ground beef patties

Abstract High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a non-thermal process that can effectively reduce pathogenic Escherichia coli in ground beef. This commercially-available process uses water under extreme pressure to denature proteins by breaking covalent bonds, eventually resulting in microbial death. While HHP has been successfully applied to plant based foods with limited flavor changes, little is known about the influence of HHP on the sensory properties and resultant consumer acceptability of HHP-treated beef. Accordingly, we performed blind sensory tests with 70 regular consumers of ground beef, using commercially-processed ground beef patties. Although HHP-treated patties were still acceptable (i.e. rated above neutral on a 9 point hedonic scale), they received significantly lower ratings for overall liking, texture, flavor and juiciness when compared to control patties. Also, Just-About-Right (JAR) scales indicate the HHP patties were more dry and less flavorful than the control patties. Collectively, these data suggest consumers may find HHP-treated ground beef to be less acceptable than untreated ground beef on the basis of their sensory properties. Since these data were collected blind, additional work is warranted to determine the degree to which consumers are willing to balance a loss of sensory quality against their nascent food safety concerns.