cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On modeling location uncertainty in images

Summary form only given. The vast majority of signal processing research studies linear operations on vectors of samples from one-, two-, or higher dimensional signals. While linear operators can be very successful at exploiting many types of relationships among signal samples, they are ineffective for processing a very common form of uncertainty in images and video: location uncertainty. The locations of edges in images sketch 1-D contours which constitute an important part of the information in most images. Thisarticle shows how signals imbedded in location uncertainty of image contours induce a nonlinear manifold structure to the probability of images. Due to this nonlinear manifold structure to the space of images, no linear decomposition of images (e.g. transforms, wavelets, etc.) can fully exploit the dependencies within images. Based on these observations, we point to new directions for developing improved image processing tools.
A dipping Moho and crustal low-velocity zone from Pn arrivals at The Geysers-Clear Lake, California

abstract Relative Pn arrival times across an array of stations at The Geysers-Clear Lake region in northern California indicates that the upper mantle velocity is 8.0 km/sec, and that the Moho dips 5.3° at 57° to the northeast in this area, reflecting thickening of the crust toward the continent. These results agree with regional trends in the Bouguer gravity field. The travel-time residuals with respect to the dipping model suggest a crustal low-velocity zone beneath Mt. Hannah, consistent with reported teleseismic delays, and the low-velocity zone is interpreted as representing partial melt. No delays are observed in The Geysers, precluding the existence of an extensive magma body beneath the steam production area. Azimuthal variations in apparent velocity may reflect upper mantle azimuthal velocity anisotropy, but such an interpretation is uncertain due to the limited azimuthal distribution of earthquakes.
High-resolution methylation analysis of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase gene 5' region on the active and inactive X chromosomes: correlation with binding sites for transcription factors

DNA methylation within GC-rich promoters of constitutively expressed X-linked genes is correlated with transcriptional silencing on the inactive X chromosome in female mammals. For most X-linked genes, X chromosome inactivation results in transcriptionally active and inactive alleles occupying each female nucleus. To examine mechanisms responsible for maintaining this unique system of differential gene expression, we have analyzed the methylation of individual cytosine residues in the 5' CpG island of the human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) gene on the active and inactive X chromosomes. Methylation analysis of 142 CpG dinucleotides by genomic sequencing was carried out on purified DNA using the cytosine-specific Maxam and Gilbert DNA sequencing reaction in conjunction with ligation-mediated PCR. These studies demonstrate the 5' CpG islands of active and 5-azacytidine-reactivated alleles are essentially unmethylated while the inactive allele is hypermethylated. The inactive allele is completely methylated at nearly all CpG dinucleotides except in a 68-bp region containing four adjacent GC boxes where most CpG dinucleotides are either unmethylated or partially methylated. Curiously, these GC boxes exhibit in vivo footprints only on the active X chromosome, not on the inactive X. The methylation pattern of the inactive HPRT gene is strikingly different from that reported for the inactive X-linked human phosphoglycerate kinase gene which exhibits methylation at all CpG sites in the 5' CpG island. These results suggest that the position of methylated CpG dinucleotides, the density of methylated CpGs, the length of methylated regions, and/or chromatin structure associated with methylated DNA may have a role in repressing the activity of housekeeping promoters on the inactive X chromosome. The pattern of DNA methylation on the inactive human HPRT gene may also provide insight into the process of inactivating the gene early in female embryogenesis.
Stanley-Wilf limits are typically exponential

For a permutation $\pi$, let $S_{n}(\pi)$ be the number of permutations on $n$ letters avoiding $\pi$. Marcus and Tardos proved the celebrated Stanley-Wilf conjecture that $L(\pi)= \lim_{n \to \infty} S_n(\pi)^{1/n}$ exists and is finite. Backed by numerical evidence, it has been conjectured by many researchers over the years that $L(\pi)=\Theta(k^2)$ for every permutation $\pi$ on $k$ letters. We disprove this conjecture, showing that $L(\pi)=2^{k^{\Theta(1)}}$ for almost all permutations $\pi$ on $k$ letters.
Local radiotherapy and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor to generate abscopal responses in patients with metastatic solid tumours: a proof-of-principle trial.

Summary Background An abscopal response describes radiotherapy-induced immune-mediated tumour regression at sites distant to the irradiated field. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a potent stimulator of dendritic cell maturation. We postulated that the exploitation of the pro-immunogenic effects of radiotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor might result in abscopal responses among patients with metastatic cancer. Methods Patients with stable or progressing metastatic solid tumours, on single-agent chemotherapy or hormonal therapy, with at least three distinct measurable sites of disease, were treated with concurrent radiotherapy (35 Gy in ten fractions, over 2 weeks) to one metastatic site and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (125 μg/m 2 subcutaneously injected daily for 2 weeks, starting during the second week of radiotherapy). This course was repeated, targeting a second metastatic site. A Simon's optimal two-stage design was chosen for this trial: an additional 19 patients could be enrolled in stage 2 only if at least one patient among the first ten had an abscopal response. If no abscopal responses were seen among the first ten patients, the study would be deemed futile and terminated. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with an abscopal response (defined as at least a 30% decrease in the longest diameter of the best responding abscopal lesion). Secondary endpoints were safety and survival. Analyses were done based on intention to treat. The trial has concluded accrual, and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02474186. Findings From April 7, 2003, to April 3, 2012, 41 patients with metastatic cancer were enrolled. In stage 1 of the Simon's two-stage design, ten patients were enrolled: four of the first ten patients had abscopal responses. Thus, the trial proceeded to stage 2, as planned, and an additional 19 patients were enrolled. Due to protocol amendments 12 further patients were enrolled. Abscopal responses occurred in eight (27·6%, 95% CI 12·7–47·2) of the first 29 patients, and 11 (26·8%, 95% CI 14·2–42·9) of 41 accrued patients (specifically in four patients with non-small-cell lung cancer, five with breast cancer, and two with thymic cancer). The most common grade 3–4 adverse events were fatigue (six patients) and haematological (ten patients). Additionally, a serious adverse event of grade 4 pulmonary embolism occurred in one patient. Interpretation The combination of radiotherapy with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor produced objective abscopal responses in some patients with metastatic solid tumours. This finding represents a promising approach to establish an in-situ anti-tumour vaccine. Further research is warranted in this area. Funding New York University School of Medicine's Department of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Institute.
Impairment of the reproductive potential of male fathead minnows by environmentally relevant exposures to 4-nonylphenolf.

The synthetic organic compound 4-nonylphenol (NP) has been detected in many human-impacted surface waters in North America. In this study, we examined the ability of NP to alter reproductive competence in male fathead minnows after a 28 day flow-through exposure in a range of environmentally relevant concentrations bracketing the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency toxicity-based NP chronic exposure criterion of 6.1 μg NP/L. Exposure to NP at and above the EPA chronic exposure criterion resulted in an induction of plasma vitellogenin (VTG) within 14 days. However, 7 days after the cessation of exposure, VTG concentrations had dropped more than 50% and few males expressed VTG above the detection threshold. All of the morphological endpoints, including gonadosomatic index, hepatosomatic index, secondary sexual characters, and histopathology, were unaltered by all NP treatments. However, when NP-exposed male fish were allowed to compete with control males for access to nest sites and females, most treatments altered the reproductive competence of exposed males. At lower NP concentrations, exposed males out-competed control males, possibly by being primed through the estrogenic NP exposure in a fashion similar to priming by pheromones released from female fathead minnows. At higher NP exposure concentrations, this priming effect was negated by the adverse effects of the exposure and control males out-competed treated males. Results of this study indicate the complexity of endocrine disrupting effects and the need for multiple analysis levels to assess the effects of these compounds on aquatic organisms.
Enriched Eggs as a Source of N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Humans

Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) decreases the risk of heart disease, inhibits the growth of prostate and breast cancer, delays the loss of immunological functions, and is required for normal fetal brain and visual development. The US has not established a recommended daily intake for n-3 PUFA. However, Canada has established the Canadian Recommended Nutrient Intake (CRNI) at 0.5% of energy. Dietary sources of n-3 PUFA include fish, chicken, eggs, canola oil, and soybean oil. Food consumption studies in the US indicate that the majority of Americans do not meet the CRNI for n-3 PUFA. Mean n-3 PUFA consumption was 78% of the CRNI for Midwestern women during pregnancy. In Midwestern women at risk for breast cancer, the mean n-3 PUFA consumption is approximately 50% of the CRNI. Increased consumption of n-3 PUFA requires identification of a food source that the public would eat in sufficient amounts to meet recommended intake. N-3 PUFA-enriched eggs can be produced by modifying hens diets. When 70 g/kg of cod liver oil, canola oil, or linseed oil are added to a commercial control diet, the n-3 PUFA are increased from 1.2% of egg yolk fatty acids to 6.3, 4.6, and 7.8%, respectively. Feeding flaxseed increases linolenic acid in the egg yolk about 30-fold, and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) increases nearly fourfold. When individuals are fed four n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs a day for 4 wk, plasma total cholesterol levels and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) do not increase significantly. Plasma triglycerides (TG) are decreased by addition of n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs to the diet. N-3 PUFA may influence LDL particle size, causing a shift toward a less atherogenic particle. Blood platelet aggregation is significantly decreased in participants consuming n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs. Overall results of studies to date demonstrate positive effects and no negative effects from consumption of n-3-enriched eggs. Three n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs provide approximately the same amount of n-3 PUFA as one meal with fish. It is recommended that n-3 PUFA-enriched eggs be used as one source of n-3 PUFA to increase individual consumption to meet the current Canadian recommendations.
Computed tomography perfusion imaging for the assessment of brain tumors.

he radiographic characterization of intra-axial brain tumors is a critical component in the clinical management of paT tients. Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomography (CT) imaging are fundamental imaging techniques used in the initial diagnosis and subsequent surveillance during/after treatment. On the basis of diagnostic imaging (often after the development of symptoms/signs), surgical intervention often is performed that frequently is followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or radiation. Serial imaging, typicallyMR imaging, is used to assess the response to adjuvant therapy and to monitor for recurrence or progression. Currently, CT imaging (nonperfusion) often is reserved for acute neurologic decline that results from hemorrhage, hydrocephalus, or other mass lesions.
Structural Disparities in Latin America and Eastern Europe, 1950—1970

This paper reports the results of several comparisons of operationally defined structural characteristics of the US - Latin American and the Soviet - East European subsystems during the years 1950-1970. Relationships between (1) the distribution of power capabilities and the distribution of diplomatic importance and (2) the distribution of power capabilities and the pattern of international trade are examined in both subsystems. The authors argue that these comparisons are relevant to theoretical controversies regarding the relationships between the political and economic systems of pre-eminent powers and their interactions with weaker states in their 'spheres of influence'. They conclude that capability disparities have a similar impact on diplomatic importance in the two spheres, while the impact of these disparities on international trading patterns is more visible in the Soviet-East European sphere than in the US-Latin American subsystem. Finally, the authors briefly describe more detailed analyses that might lead to firmer conclusions regarding the nature of interstate relationships in the two subsystems.
Dietary supplementation with resveratrol protects against striatal dopaminergic deficits produced by in utero LPS exposure

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with the anti-inflammatory compound resveratrol in pregnant dams on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced dopaminergic deficits in pups exposed to LPS in utero. Gravid female rats were fed with a resveratrol-enriched diet during gestational days 3–22.5 (E3–E22.5) and received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 1 mg/kg LPS at E10.5. The striata were isolated from the pups at postnatal days 10 (P10) and P21. LPS-induced dopaminergic deficits were noted at P21, but not P10. These DA deficits at P21 were exhibited by a loss of DA and DA metabolite [3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA)] levels and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression in the striatum. The LPS-induced loss of DA, DA metabolites, and TH expression were attenuated in the striata of pups from the dams fed with the resveratrol-supplemented diet. These data suggest that a resveratrol-supplemented diet may restore homeostasis of the striatal DA neuronal system following disruption by LPS. & 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A method towards biometric feature fusion

For multimodal biometric person recognition, information fusion can be classified into several levels: rank, decision, sensor, feature and match-score levels. In this paper, a novel method is proposed to fuse information from two or more biometric sources at feature fusion level. A key aspect of the method is to use an optimisation procedure to regulate the contribution of each individual biometric modality to the concatenated feature vector. As an example, the effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by integrating features of static face images and text-independent speech segments. Experiments in feature-level fusion are carried out for 40 subjects from a virtual database consisting of face images and speech clips, and the results show that the proposed method outperforms those without feature fusion and those based on intuition feature fusion.
Observations on the abundance of nitrogen in the primary cosmic radiation

Primary cosmic ray nitrogen nuclei intensity and spectrum measured by balloons and Pioneer 8 space probe, obtaining abundance difference from solar atmosphere
Separation of amino acids in physiological fluids by two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography

Abstract A two-dimensional Chromatographic technique for the separation of amino acids on thin-layers of cellulose powder is presented. The method described permits resolution and identification of amino acids present in normal and pathological body fluids. The procedure requires a minimum of working time and expense in materials. It has been found to be particularly useful as an aid in the diagnosis of inborn errors of protein metabolism.
Predictors of Drinking and Driving in Healthy Young Men: A Prospective Study

This paper explores the ability of information about alcohol use and problem patterns in men's early 20s to predict drinking and driving by their early 30s. The sample consisted of 231 healthy young men who were students or nonacademic staff at a university. Subjects were evaluated initially with questionnaires and interviews, and subsequently followed-up using interviews with themselves and with a resource person. The reported rate of drinking and driving at follow-up was nearly 38 %. Using logistic regression, the combination of variables that best predicted drinking and driving included prior alcohol-related auto accidents, a measure of typical drinking, and a measure of drinking-related problems. The overall prediction employing this combination was 72%, the specificity was 86%, and the sensitivity was 48%.
Temporal lobe discharges and glossolalia

Glossolalia (speaking in tongues) is a religious phenomenon of which there has been only limited scientific investigation. Described here is the case of a 44-year-old woman who had clonic jerking of the left forearm while speaking in tongues. Waking EEG while she was thinking of nothing in particular was normal. After several minutes of silently praying in tongues she manifested right temporal sharp wave discharges and may have been in a state resembling light sleep. Possible relationships between glossolalia, ecstatic religious phenomena, and temporal lobe electrical discharges are discussed.
547 A METHOD FOR THE PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS OF CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE (CGD)

To provide a means for the prenatal diagnosis of CGD, we combined a modified nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) slide test with quinacrine staining for Y chromosome fluorescence. Blood samples (10 μ1) are applied to glass slides and the adherent cells incubated with NBT and phorbol myristate acetate, an activator of oxidative metabolism. Resultant metabolic activity produces microscopically observable formazan particles in 99-100% of adult and 95-100% of fetal granulocytes (PMN), in 0-1% of PMN from 4 CGD patients, and in 18-53% of PMN from 3 obligate CGD carriers. Since placental venipuncture samples are often contaminated with maternal blood, it is necessary to distinguish fetal and maternal cells in such mixtures. Quinacrine staining reveals a Y-body in 50-90% of male fetal PMN. Such identification of male PMN by Y-fluorescence allows detection and assessment of oxidative activity of CGD cells diluted 1:100 in maternal cells. Thus, the modified NBT slide test with quinacrine staining of blood obtained by placental venipuncture provides a method for the prenatal diagnosis of CGD in male fetuses at risk for the X-linked or autosomal recessive forms of the disease.
Child Neglect and Its Association With Subsequent Juvenile Drug and Alcohol Offense

This study presents empirical findings about the association between childhood neglect and adolescents’ subsequent involvement with drug and alcohol related offense from a sample of 251 neglected children and their community matched control (N = 502) from a 17-year period longitudinal data set. Findings confirmed that neglected children were at greater risk to be arrested for later juvenile drug and alcohol offenses than non-neglected children. Being male, White and the presence of domestic violence also significantly contributed to elevated risks of being arrested for juvenile drug and alcohol violations for neglected children. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Pulsed sonication for alumina coatings on high-capacity oxides: Performance in lithium-ion cells

Abstract High-capacity x Li 2 MnO 3 ·(1 − x )LiMO 2 (M = Ni, Mn, Co) oxides show relatively rapid performance degradation when cycled at voltages >4.5 V vs. Li/Li + . Previous research has indicated that modifying the oxide surfaces with coatings, such as alumina, reduces cell impedance rise and improves capacity retention. In this article, we demonstrate pulsed-sonication as a rapid and effective approach for coating alumina on Li 1.2 Ni 0.175 Mn 0.525 Co 0.1 O 2 (0.5Li 2 MnO 3 ·0.5LiNi 0.44 Mn 0.31 Co 0.25 O 2 ) particles. Oxide integrity and morphology is maintained after the sonochemical process and subsequent heat-treatment. Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) X-ray elemental maps show uniform coating of all secondary particles. 27 Al Magic Angle Spinning (MAS) NMR data confirm the presence of alumina and mainly indicate octahedral aluminum occupancy in a six-coordinate environment with oxygen. Full cells containing electrodes with the alumina-coated particles demonstrate lower initial impedance rise and better capacity retention during extended cycling to high voltages. However, the coating has a negligible effect on the voltage hysteresis and voltage fade behavior displayed by these oxides. The various data indicate that the pulsed sonochemical technique is a viable approach for coating oxide particles. The methodology described herein can easily be extended beyond alumina to include coatings such as AlF 3 , MgO, and MgF 2 .
FAST COMPUTATIONS IN VOLTAGE GRAPH THEORY

Summary This paper introduces convenient algorithms to determine two properties of the covering space derived from a voltage assignment on an imbedded graph. One algorithm is to count the number of components of the covering. The other is to decide when the covering surface is orientable. The computational advantages of these algorithms are realized mainly when the base graph has more than one vertex or when the voltage group is described by a presentation rather than an explicit specification. The key principle is to consider the voltage values on a cycle basis.
Molekulare Umlagerungen, XXVII. Relative Geschwindigkeiten der 6.2‐ und 3.2‐Hydrid‐Verschiebung im Norbornyl‐Kation

Mittels 14C-Markierung wird gezeigt, das bei der Acetolyse von 1-[2-Tosyloxy-athyl]-[1-14C]-cyclopenten-(3) (2c) bzw. von 2-exo-Tosyloxy-[4-14C]norbornan (1c) das Verhaltnis der Geschwindigkeiten der 6.2-Hydrid-Verschiebung (k6) und der 3.2-Hydrid-Verschiebung (k3) weniger als 100 bzw. 200 betragt. Molecular Rearrangements, XXVII. The Relative Rates of 6,2- and 3,2-Hydride Shift in the Norbornyl Cation2) By means of carbon-14-labeling techniques, it has been shown that during the acetolyses of Δ3-[1-14C]cyclopentenyl-ethyl tosylate (2c) and of 2-exo-[4-14C]norbornyl tosylate (1c), the ratios of 6,2-hydride shift (k6) to 3,2-hydride shift (k3) are <100 and <200, respectively.
Immunohistochemical Investigation of Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils

Experimental cerebral ischemia was produced in gerbils by occlusion of the right common carotid artery in the neck. The evolution of the ischemic lesions was followed from five minutes to six hours by using the immunohistochemical techniques for tubulin and creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme. The earliest lesion was found in the subiculum-CA1 and CA2 regions of the hippocampus in five minutes. There was loss of staining in the apical dendrites and perikarya of the pyramidal cells. The earliest lesion in the cerebral cortex, visible in ten minutes, was a laminar loss of staining for tubulin. Evolution of the ischemic lesions in the thalamus and caudoputamen was delayed. However, in two hours widespread ischemic lesions were seen there. Evolution of the ischemic lesions was slightly slower with the reaction for creatine kinase BB-isoenzyme as compared to the reaction for tubulin, but was far more sensitive than hematoxylin-eosin staining. The distribution of ischemic lesions detected by the immunohistochemical method compared to ischemic areas detected by an India ink perfusion study suggested that both the extent of regional ischemia and regional difference in tissue vulnerability were contributing factors for the emergence of early ischemic lesions. The mechanism for prompt disappearance of the immunohistochemical reaction for tubulin is not clear, but the present investigation demonstrates the usefulness of the immunohistochemical technique for detecting early ischemic lesions and provides a possible biochemical mechanism for cellular damage after ischemic insults.
Ammonia flux from open-lot dairies: development of measurement methodology and emission factors.

Abstract Ammonia emissions contribute to the formation of secondary particulate matter (PM) and violations of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Ammonia mass concentration measurements were made in February 1999 upwind and downwind of an open-lot dairy in California, using a combination of active bubbler and passive filter samplers. Ammonia fluxes were calculated from concentrations measured at 2, 4, and 10 m above ground at three locations on the downwind edge of the dairy, using micrometeorological techniques. A new method was developed to interpolate fluxes at six additional locations from ammonia concentrations measured at a single height, providing measurements at sufficient spatial resolution along the downwind border of the dairy to account for the heterogeneity of the source. PM measured up- and downwind of the dairy demonstrated insignificant ammonium particle formation in the immediate vicinity of the dairy and negligible contribution of dissociated ammonium nitrate to measured ammonia c...
Primary cerebral lymphomatoid granulomatosis: report of four cases and literature review

Background Lymphomatoid granulomatosis (LYG) is an angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoreticular proliferation, which usually involves the lungs, but may also involve the central nervous system (CNS). Unique involvement of the CNS has been reported rarely. We report our experience with LYG confined to the brain and review the pertinent literature. Patients and Methods From January 1995 to September 2007, we identified patients with isolated brain LYG through a search of the histopathology database of the Catholic University of Rome; medical and radiological data were analyzed. Immunophenotype, in situ hybridization analysis of EBV-encoded small RNAs (EBER ISH) and immunoglobulin rearrangement studies were performed on the pathological specimens. Results Four patients with brain-LYG (male/female 1:1, mean age 44 years) underwent surgery in the study period. Subsequent therapy was tailored according to LYG grading. At the latest follow-up (range from 18 to 221 months), patient conditions had improved in all cases. EBER ISH was negative in all cases. Study of the IgH chain gene documented a monoclonal pattern in two cases. Conclusions CNS-LYG is a rare disease that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of both diffuse and space-occupying cerebral lesions. Primary cerebral LYG seems not to be associated with EBV and appears to have a better prognosis than systemic LYG with CNS localization, which is frequently EBV positive.
Carbocationic polymerization of isobutylene by using supported Lewis acid catalyst on polypropylene

This paper describes a new class of supported Lewis acid catalysts which are based on partially crystalline polypropylene. The Lewis acid, such as EtAlCl2, is chemically bonded to the side chain of polypropylene and serves as catalyst for the cationic polymerization of isobutylene. This type supported catalyst can be easily recovered and reused for many reaction cycles without significant loss of its reactivity. The unique features of the structure of polypropylene offers the catalyst with high surface area and good mobility which account for the high catalytic activity. In addition, polypropylene is chemically and physically stable during the processes.
Influence of experience on the sequential and temporal organization of host-acceptance behavior in Brachymeria intermedia (Chalcididae), an endoparasitoid of gypsy moth.

Experienced Brachymeria intermediafemales are almost twice as likely to accept a Lymantria disparpupa as inexperienced parasitoids. The sequence of parasitoid behaviors that leads to host acceptance is highly canalized. Experienced parasitoids, however, have a higher probability of initiating host investigation and making a transition from drumming to grasping, which in turn almost invariably leads to ovipositor insertion. Experienced females found the host more quickly than inexperienced females. Host-handling time did not change with experience but was longer in females that accepted rather than rejected the host. Females exposed to gypsy moth odor but not contacting pupae behaved similarly to females that never experienced host-related stimuli.
Non-symmetric, metric, cometric association schemes are self-dual

It is shown here that non-symmetric, metric, cometric association schemes are self-dual, and that the parameters and eigenvalues can be recursively calculated in terms of roughly 12d integer parameters. This is in marked contrast to the symmetric case in which such schemes need not be self-dual, but the parameters and eigenvalues are functions of 9 parameters independent of the diameter d.
Fetal brain PO2 transient response during hypoxia and hyperoxia.

Abstract The purpose of this investigation was to experimentally determine the response of fetal brain PO2 to dynamic changes in the oxygen tension of maternal arterial blood using oxygen microelectrodes. Both hyperoxia and hypoxia were investigated. Recordings of the variation in fetal cortical oxygen tension during the transition from maternal hyperoxia to maternal normoxia and the return to maternal hyperoxia were obtained. Also recordings showing the variations in fetal cortical oxygen tension during the transition from maternal hyperoxia to maternal hypoxia and the subsequent return to hyperoxia were obtained. It was observed that fetal brain oxygen tensions are considerably lower than those measured in the adult. In many instances administration of 100% oxygen to the mother improved fetal brain oxygenation. The response of fetal brain PO2 to changes in the oxygen tension of maternal arterial blood was delayed by a finite quantity of time. The average value obtained for this delay was 38 sec. An overshoot phenomena was observed during hypoxia recovery, which indicates a fetal control mechanism which acts to compensate for brief periods of hypoxia in the microenvironment.
Immuno-identification of cultures of fungi pathogenic to man

Because isolates of the fungal pathogensBlastomyces dermatitidis. Coccidioides immitis, Histoplasma capsulatum, andParacoccidioides brasiliensis frequently vary widely in gross and microscopic features and are often difficult or impossible to convert to their tissue forms, a simple diagnostic procedure not dependent upon sporulation is needed to identify them specifically and rapidly. The exoantigen technique has been found to meet this need effectively. On the basis of studies with 166Histoplasma spp. isolates, 128C. immitis isolates, 59B. dermatitidis isolates, 30P. brasiliensis isolates, and 181 saprophytes, we determined that the exoantigen test is valuable for the presumptive identification of the four fungal pathogens studied. All of the positive reactions have correlated with the cultural, histologic, or other available laboratory data, and we are unaware of any false positive or flase negative reactions.
Discordance of the pediatric surgeon's intraoperative assessment of pediatric appendicitis with the pathologists report

Abstract Background/Purpose The nature and duration of postoperative treatment in children with appendicitis is largely defined by the surgeon's intraoperative assessment of the degree of disease. Therefore, misclassification of patients could result in either inadequate or excessive duration of treatment. Materials/Methods During the execution of an institutional review board–approved multicenter, randomized, prospective, single-blinded trial of laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in children, we tracked the attending pediatric surgeon's determination of the degree of appendicitis and compared it to the pathologists report. Postoperative care was determined, per protocol, by the surgeon's intraoperative classification. "Interval" appendectomies were excluded from the analysis. Statistical significance was analyzed using χ 2 analyses. Results A total of 133 patients were randomized into the open group, whereas 122 randomized to laparoscopy during the first 2 years of the study. The attending pediatric surgeons and pathologists were concordant in the determination of acute appendicitis in 90% of open patients and 93% of laparoscopic patients ( P = not significant). When children were classified by the attending surgeon as having complicated appendicitis (gangrenous or ruptured), the concordance rate dropped to 38% and 52%, respectively ( P = not significant). When open and laparoscopic patients were combined, the length of postoperative stay (LOS) of concordantly classified acute appendicitis patients was 35 ± 16 hours. Concordantly classified complicated appendicitis LOS was 118 ± 61 hours, and discordantly classified complicated appendicitis (pathology = acute) LOS was 85 ± 41 hours ( P = .01). Wound infection rates in the concordant and discordant "complicated" appendicitis groups were 23% and 7%, respectively ( P = .05). When the surgeons are grouped as "junior"(n = 2) and "senior" (n = 3), there is a trend toward greater concordance in the latter group ( P = .08). Conclusions In the 2 institutions studied, the 5 pediatric surgeon's intraoperative classification of appendicitis correlated with the pathologist's reading in a high percentage of those patients labeled "acute" but in only approximately one half of those defined as "complicated." These phenomena are independent of the operative approach but may correlate with surgeon experience. Interventions to improve the timeliness of pathologic diagnosis may improve the accuracy and efficiency of care of pediatric appendicitis.
Enhanced mobilization of arsenic and heavy metals from mine tailings by humic acid

Arsenic and heavy metal mobilization from mine tailings is an issue of concern as it might pose potential groundwater or ecological risks. Increasing attention recently has been focused on the effects of natural organic matter on the mobility behavior of the toxicants in the environment. Column experiments were carried out in this research study to evaluate the feasibility of using humic acid (HA) to mobilize arsenic and heavy metals (i.e., Cu, Pb and Zn) from an oxidized Pb-Zn mine tailings sample collected from Bathurst, New Brunswick, Canada. Capillary electrophoresis analyses indicated that arsenate [As(V)] was the only extractable arsenic species in the mine tailings and the addition of HA at pH 11 did not incur the oxidation-reduction or methylation reactions of arsenic. A 0.1% HA solution with an initial pH adjusted to 11 was selected as the flushing solution, while distilled water (initial pH adjusted to 11) was used as the control to account for the mobilization of arsenic and the heavy metals by physical mixing and the effect of pH. It was found that the HA could significantly enhance the mobilization of arsenic and heavy metals simultaneously from the mine tailings. After a 70-pore-volume-flushing, the mobilization of arsenic, copper, lead and zinc reached 97, 35, 838 and 224 mg kg(-1), respectively. The mobilization of arsenic and the heavy metals was found to be positively correlated with the mobilization of Fe in the presence of the HA. Moreover, the mobilization of arsenic was also correlated well with that of the heavy metals. The mobilization of co-existing metals to some extent might enhance arsenic mobilization in the presence of the HA by helping incorporate it into soluble aqueous organic complexes through metal-bridging mechanisms. Use of HA in arsenic and heavy metal remediation may be developed as an environmentally benign and possible effective remedial option to reduce and avoid further contamination.
Intracaval extension of renal cell carcinoma

Intravenous extension occurs in many patients with renal cell carcinoma. Preoperative recognition is essential as venous involvement alters the surgical approach and clinical staging of the tumors. The venous extension of tumor has a characteristic arteriographic appearance, the recognition of which should prompt venacavography. Computerized body tomography (CBT) may also detect renal vein and caval extension and provide evidence of early ascites from the Budd Chiari syndrome associated with hepatic vein obstruction from intracaval tumor extension. However, it may be difficult to distinguish intracaval blood clot and tumor on the basis of CBT criteria alone. Of the four patients with intracaval growth of renal cell carcinoma, three received preoperative therapeutic tumor embolization, a procedure that carried no additional risk of tumor detachment and embolization.
Furrow vs hill planting of sprinkler-irrigated russet burbank potatoes on coarse-textured soils

Surface water runoff from the hill, where potatoes are planted, to the furrow may exacerbate potato drought sensitivity. Planting into furrows and constructing midrow ridges may improve water use efficiency and relieve water stress on potato by directing water toward, not away from, the plants. A 3-year field study was conducted to compare yields and tuber size distributions of furrow- and hill-planted potato (Solanum tuberosum L., ‘Russet Burbank’) on coarse-textured, well-drained soils under sprinkler irrigation. A split-plot experimental design with main plots of row orientation (N-S vs E-W) and subplots of planting method (hill and furrow) combined with two planting depths was used at two central North Dakota sites. Except for planting method and limiting the post-emergence cultivation in the furrow treatments, all cultural practices (fertilizer, irrigation, etc.) were identical and corresponded with conventional practices for hill planted potato. Row orientation did not affect yield for any tuber size category. Averaged over 3 years, furrow-planted potato produced 24% larger tubers (188 vs 151 g), 31% smaller yield for tubers 454 g (2.65 vs 0.60 Mg ha−1), and 10% larger total yields (46.2 vs 41.9 Mg ha−1) compared with hill-planted potato. There were no differences in tuber specific gravity. Preliminary soil water measurements indicated an inter-row water-harvesting effect for furrow planting compared with hill planting. The furrow-planting method may offer significant potential for ameliorating the drought sensitivity of potato.
Organische Phosphorverbindungen XXIII. Sekundäre Phosphinselenide, eine neue Klasse von organischen Phosphorverbindungen

The preparation and properties of secondary phosphine selenides, R2P(Se)H(R = i-C4H9, C6H5), a new class of organophosphorus compounds, are described.
Reactions of free chlorine with substituted anilines in aqueous solution and on granular activated carbon

Abstract Aqueous HOCl reacted with substituted anilines to form chlorinated derivatives. Some debromination and bromination products were also detected from two brominated anilines. When granular activated carbon was present, many additional products were formed. These compounds fall into several different groups: (1) N -acylation products, (2) N -carbomethoxylation products, (3) NN dimerization products and (4) deamination and hydroxylation products.
Antioxidants prevent aluminum-induced toxicity in cultured hepatocytes.

Abstract Cellular Al accumulation has been shown to alter iron metabolism and induce peroxidative injury. Therefore antioxidants could potentially reduce or prevent peroxidative injury in Al-loaded cells. To test this hypothesis we assessed the effect of the antioxidants N -acetyl cysteine (NAC), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) in abrogating Al-associated cell toxicity and melonyldialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in mouse hepatocytes. Mouse hepatocytes (MH) were grown in media containing the minimum toxic concentration of Al (100 μg/L as Al-transferrin). All antioxidants protected MH from injury as assessed by cell growth and enzyme leakage into media. The antioxidants did not affect Al uptake by MH, protect MH from lipid peroxidation or decrease the reactive iron content of MH. Although antioxidants protected Al loaded MH from injury the mechanisms of this effect are unknown.
Influence of plastic deformation on expansivity and elastic modulus of aluminum

Abstract Tensile plastic deformation of polycrystalline aluminum causes an increase in the thermal expansion coefficient and a corresponding decrease in the elastic modulus. These properties vary with the deformation in a complex way and the changes were interpreted in terms of the introduction of two types of defects in the deformed lattice. A minimum in the elastic modulus and a corresponding maximum in the expansivity at small plastic strains (about 0.1 per cent) were associated with the movements of mobile dislocations. A subsequent decrease in the modulus and an increase in the expansivity at large strains (about 10 per cent) were associated with the production of vacancies during deformation.
A High Energy Density Lithium/Dichloroisocyanuric Acid Battery System

High energy density lithium/dichloroisocyanuric acid battery system discharging under constant voltage and load conditions
An investigation of some pattern selection issues in the rising plane Taylor bubble problem

Abstract Plane Taylor bubbles with correct and incorrect tip angles are numerically generated for the case of zero surface tension (s.t.) using a Fourier collocation method. We find that all of these bubbles satisfy correct asymptotic shape at their tails. We have identified some generic patterns in the behavior of these bubbles with incorrect tip angles. We provide theoretical justifications of these observations and provide some validation criteria for solutions with correct tip angle. We derive a tip angle dependent higher order constraint on the solution at the tip and show this to be a very useful validation criterion. The usefulness of this criterion is exemplified by allowing tip angles of bubbles to be determined numerically. The relevance of our results to accurate computation of the nature of selection mechanism for the zero s.t. limit bubble is discussed.
Advances in self psychology: The evolution of psychoanalytic treatment

(1991). Advances in self psychology: The evolution of psychoanalytic treatment. Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 11, Ten Years of Inquiry by Psychoanalyst: The Decade of the Eights, pp. 123-146.
Slow adaptive M-QAM under third-party received signal constraints in shadowing environments

Motivated by recent interest in dynamic spectrum sharing between primary and secondary spectrum users, we investigate slow adaptive quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) under third-party received power constraints. The optimal rate and power adaptation schemes are derived to maximize the average spectral efficiency (SE) for the secondary users. Additionally, closed-form expressions of the achievable SE are presented for correlated lognormal shadow fading environments. Our analytical and numerical results underscore the importance of exploiting shadowing correlation in the proposed adaptive schemes.
On the higher derivatives of Bellman's equation

Abstract Bellman's equation is analysed by taking derivatives of all orders. It is found that unlike the second derivative which satisfies a nonlinear equation, the third and higher derivatives of the optimal value function satisfy linear differential equations along the optimal trajectory. Analysis of those equations shows that if certain conditions are satisfied, their solutions are unique and bounded. As a consequence, all partial derivatives of the optimal feedback control function are bounded.
Sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with corrective valve surgery.

Background— The causes of sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) after cardiac valve surgeries have not been studied extensively, although bundle-branch reentry has been reported. Methods and Results— Records of 496 patients referred for electrophysiology study and catheter ablation of recurrent VT were reviewed. Twenty patients (4%) had VT after aortic or mitral valve surgery in the absence of known myocardial infarction. The median age was 53 years, and the median ejection fraction was 45%. In 4 patients, VT occurred early after surgery, and electrophysiology study was performed 3 to 10 days later. In the remaining patients, electrophysiology study was performed a median of 12 years (interquartile range 5 to 15 years) after surgery. Sustained VT was inducible in 17 patients. VT was attributed to scar-related reentry in 14 patients (70%) and to bundle-branch reentry in 2 (10%). Multiple VTs were present in 9 of 14 patients with scar-related reentry. A total of 42 induced VTs were targeted for...
The Three-Dimensional Kinematics and Flexibility Characteristics of the Human Ankle and Subtalar Joint—Part II: Flexibility Characteristics

The objective of the present study was to investigate the in-vitro, coupled, three-dimensional load-displacement and flexibility characteristics of the human ankle joint complex consisting of the talocrural and the talocalcaneal joints and to determine the effects that sectioning of the anterior talofibular ligament has on these characteristics. Similar to other anatomical joints such as the knee and the intervertebral joint, the ankle joint complex was found to exhibit highly nonlinear load-displacement characteristics with the angular displacement approaching asymptotic values as the external load was increased. Therefore, a procedure of incremental linearization was used to derive the flexibility characteristics of this structure. According to this procedure, external loads were applied to the calcaneus in small increments and its resulting three dimensional displacements were recorded. The incremental flexibility coefficients were then derived by assuming linear load-displacement relationship for each increment. From the results obtained from fifteen human ankle specimens, it was evident that the ankle joint complex exhibit highly coupled flexibility and load-displacement characteristics. It was further concluded that the ankle joint complex is the most flexible in the neighborhood of the unloaded, neutral position and that all the flexibility coefficients of the structure decrease rapidly toward the extremes of the range of motion. Rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament was found to have a significant effect on the load-displacement and flexibility characteristics of the ankle joint complex. This effect was manifested as a change in the load-displacement characteristics and a large increase in the flexibility coefficients primarily in those corresponding to rotations in the transverse and the coronal plane. The results of the present study can provide the necessary data base for the development of quantitative diagnostic technique for identifying the site and the extent of injury to the collateral ligaments of the ankle.