cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The relative effect of particles and turbulence on acoustic scattering from deep sea hydrothermal vent plumes revisited

The relative importance of suspended particles and turbulence as backscattering mechanisms within a hydrothermal plume located on the Endeavour Segment of the Juan de Fuca Ridge is determined by comparing acoustic backscatter measured by the Cabled Observatory Vent Imaging Sonar (COVIS) with model calculations based on in situ samples of particles suspended within the plume. Analysis of plume samples yields estimates of the mass concentration and size distribution of particles, which are used to quantify their contribution to acoustic backscatter. The result shows negligible effects of plume particles on acoustic backscatter within the initial 10-m rise of the plume. This suggests turbulence-induced temperature fluctuations are the dominant backscattering mechanism within lower levels of the plume. Furthermore, inversion of the observed acoustic backscatter for the standard deviation of temperature within the plume yields a reasonable match with the in situ temperature measurements made by a conductivity-temperature-depth instrument. This finding shows that turbulence-induced temperature fluctuations are the dominant backscattering mechanism and demonstrates the potential of using acoustic backscatter as a remote-sensing tool to measure the temperature variability within a hydrothermal plume.
The group level of aspiration and external social pressures

Abstract It has been observed in research on the group level of aspiration that social pressures arising outside a group influence the aspiration level members chose; pressures toward improvement in group performance appear to be more effective than those toward no improvement. It is possible, however, that these results are an artifact in some degree of the preference members commonly reveal for more difficult group tasks. In the present experiment the difficulty of an external standard pressed upon a group and the success or failure of the group on its task are made to be independent events. When the members' usual preference for harder aspiration levels is ruled out, a harder external standard is no more influential than an easier one. Regardless of its difficulty, an external standard is less influential if it is inappropriate to the prior performance of the group or to a member's strength of desire for group success; in such an instance a member's aspiration for his group is determined by the preference of his teammates. Members of groups with greater desire for group success set harder aspiration levels and perform better than those with less desire for group success.
IRENI: Infrared Environmental Imaging at the Synchrotron Radiation Center

The Synchrotron Radiation Center (SRC) and Carol Hirschmugl (UW-Milwaukee) have designed, constructed, and are presently commissioning a new, mid-infrared beamline (IRENI) extracting 320 hor. × 25 ...
Transcending the Reification of “Old Women's” Bodies: Some Sociological Theorists' Views∗

Stereotypical images of older women's bodies are often produced within the field of gerontology. Sociological theorists' views offer an explanation as to the role that society and groups play in creating these negative images. Works by theorists such as Marx and Engels, De Beauvoir, Goffman, Bourdieu, Foucault, and Butler offer varied explanations as to how society creates these images and the functions these images hold in society. By reviewing the meaning of these socially constructed images, more is revealed about society's attitudes towards aging and gender rather than individual characteristics of older women. As gerontologists we must uncover the way negative stereotypes are created and consider how we can change them to improve the way older women's bodies are viewed in society.
Thermal sensitivity of isolated-perfused hearts from the ground squirrels, citellus tereticaudus and Citellus tridecemlineatus

Perfused hearts of C. tereticaudus cease to beat at an average TA slightly below 5.7±0.7° C, whereas perfused hearts of C. tridecemlineatus stop at a TA slightly below −0.7±0.9° C. Although both species are approximately the same size and both can hibernate, the desert inhabiting C. tereticaudus has a smaller heart which beats slower, consistent with its lower metabolism, than the plains inhabiting C. tridecemlineatus. It is suggested that ecological factors were more important than taxonomic characteristics in the development of these specific features of hibernators adaptive for different habitats.
Conformational studies of the neutral and cation of several substituted fluorenes

Abstract The S 1 excited state and cation ground state of various fluorene derivatives have been studied experimentally using resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization and zero electron kinetic energy photoelectron spectroscopy. The compounds studied are 2-propylfluorene, 9-fluoreneacetic acid and 2-propionylfluorene. Density functional quantum chemical calculations using the gaussian 98 program have been used to calculate the ground state and cation energies of each conformer as well as the barrier to interconversion via a bond rotation. These calculations, coupled with the experimental results, have led to the identification and assignment of the various conformations of these molecules.
Cell migration in invertebrates: clues from border and distal tip cells

Recent studies in two invertebrate systems, border cells in Drosophila melanogaster and distal tip cells in Caenorhabditis elegans, have provided important insight into the mechanisms of directed cell migration. These migrating cells are guided by extracellular signals, such as EGF, TGF-beta and netrin. In addition, metalloproteases alter the extracellular matrix of the tissue through which these cells migrate. Along the migratory path, migrating cells respond to changes in guidance signals by altering the expression of receptor signaling pathways. Finally, Dock180, CrkII and the GTPase Rac link the extracellular signals to the cellular machinery that controls cell motility.
Damage tolerance of composite tubes under compressive loading

Abstract Herein, integrated testing and analytical predictions of damage tolerance of graphite/epoxy composite tubes under compressive loading are presented. Initially undamaged and subsequent damaged specimens were loaded to failure in compression. Impact damage was simulated by drilled circular holes and moderate-velocity ballistic projectiles. Axial compressive strength of the tube decreased exponentially as material area removed from the tube increased. Also, experimentally determined axial moduli decreased with increasing hole size. Impact by a ·22-caliber projectile reduced compressive strength as much as a 5·08 cm (2 in.) diameter drilled hole. Concomitant with the experimental work, a series of numerical simulations were performed using a finite element analysis code. Numerical simulation proved to be effective in identifying high stress regions and prediction of buckling loads.
Psychosomatic illness in childhood

Summary 1. Physicians today are more cognizant of psychosomatic illness in childhood. 2. This is evident at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, where the incidence of functional disorders has doubled since 1941. 3. Six cases are presented to illustrate the several manifestations of psychosomatic disorders in pediatrics.
Supersymmetry and the decoupling of the parity breaking and right-handed mass scales☆

Abstract Chang, Mohapatra and Parida (CMP) have recently examined a scenario within SO(10) grand unified theories wherein the breaking of SU(2)R and parity are decoupled thus allowing for the existence of a low right-handed mass scale. We extend the CMP analysis to include the effects of global supersymmetry (SUSY) on the one-loop renormalization group equations. Demanding sin2θw ≈- 0.22 and τp > 5τp (SU(5)) we find strong constraints on both the parity breaking and right-handed mass scales in these theories. The SUSY breaking scale is found to be quite high, comparable to the unification scale; minimal fine-tuning is assumed. Models compatible with current experiment are found if only the usual (i.e., non-SUSY) dimension-six operators contribute to proton decay. All these models have a heavy (⩾ 108 GeV) right-handed mass scale associated with them.
Covert communications using heterodyne correlation random noise signals

A spread spectrum technique using noise-modulated waveforms is proposed for covert communications. The noise key and the noise-like modulated signal are transmitted over orthogonal polarisations to mimic unpolarised noise. The received signals are mixed together to accomplish demodulation. Excellent bit error rate performance is achieved even under adverse propagation conditions.
Enabling privacy through transparency

Many access control systems, particularly those utilized in hospital environments, exercise optimistic security, because preventing access to information may have undesirable consequences. However, in the wrong hands, these over-broad permissions may result in privacy violations. To circumvent this issue, we have developed Privacy Enabling Transparent Systems (PETS) that makes transparency a key component in systems architectures. PETS is built on open web standards and introduces the Provenance Tracking Network (PTN), an open global trusted network of peer servers, to the traditional web stack. Websites that conform to the architecture communicate information about transactions for any sensitive data items with the PTN. These usage logs are stored in a decentralized manner and can later be queried to check compliance with individual usage restrictions that assert no unauthorized data transfer or usage has taken place. PETS enables data consumers to be transparent with regard to data usages and determine if there has been privacy violations after the fact. We conducted a user study on a healthcare data application built using PETS to see if transparency on access and usage data satisfies expectations of user privacy.
Thermal Resistance Measurements of a Well-Insulated Wall Using a Calibrated Hot Box

Thermal resistance measurements of a well-insulated residential wall are con ducted using a calibrated hot box operated under a range of winter and summer cli matic conditions. The wall consists of two insulated wood-frame sections with stag gered framing, having a nominal thermal resistance of R-27 F·ft 2·h/Btu (4.8 K·m2/ W). The measured thermal resistance is examined as a function of mean wall temper ature and compared with predictions using the ASHRAE parallel-path method, the ASHRAE isothermal-plane method, and a temperature-dependent thermal conduc tivity finite-difference model Good agreement between measured and predicted values is obtained using both ASHRAE methods and the finite-difference model. At mean wall temperatures above 40°F (4.4°C), the ASHRAE parallel-path method tended to overpredict, while the ASHRAE isothermal-plane method tended to underpredict the overall thermal resistance. The effects of the compression of glass- fiber blanket insulation and nail penetrations on the overall ther...
The elastin gene is disrupted by a translocation associated with supravalvular aortic stenosis

To identify genes involved in vascular disease, we investigated patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), an inherited vascular disorder that causes hemodynamically significant narrowing of large elastic arteries. Pulsed-field gel and Southern analyses showed that a translocation near the elastin gene cosegregated with SVAS in one family. DNA sequence analyses demonstrated that the translocation disrupted the elastin gene and localized the breakpoint to exon 28. Taken together with our previous study linking SVAS to the elastin gene in two additional families and existing knowledge of vascular biology, these data suggest that mutations in the elastin gene can cause SVAS.
Flux motion and resistance in high temperature superconductors: an overview

Abstract Study of flux motion and resistance in the new superconductors is of interest both for achievement of usefully low resistance at usefully large current densities, and for conceptual understanding of the idealized resistive behavior in the zero current limit. Some analyses emphasize the collective aspects of the interacting flux lines, whether liquid, solid, crystalline, or glassy; others emphasize the pinning of individual flux lines to material inhomogeneities; still others emphasize percolative Josephson coupling between grains. An overview is given of these approaches, their interrelation, and the experimental evidence, plus some new results on flux motion in large SNS arrays, treated as a model system.
Evaluation of serum lipoprotein(a) levels in Greek schoolchildren.

UNLABELLED This study aimed to provide associations of age and gender with serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels and percentile distribution data for Greek children. In total, 3298 children (1590M, 1708F, aged 6-14 y) participated in the study. Lp(a) levels were evaluated with an immunosorbent assay. Mean Lp(a) levels were 153-157 mg l(-1) for boys and 146-151 mg l(-1) for girls, and median levels 133-139 mg l(-1) for boys and 100-108 mg l(-1) for girls. CONCLUSION The Lp(a) levels in these children were the lower ever reported. These results suggest that the young Greek population is not at high risk of developing coronary heart disease as a result of high Lp(a) levels.
Operation of the CT7 Turboprop Engine as an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU)

In response to the need of the new generation of commuter airliners, General Electric has developed the CT7 Turboprop engine so that it may be used as an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) in addition to its normal mission as a prime propulsion unit. The General Electric CT7 Turboprop is a 1700 shaft horsepower class engine (Figure 1) developed for the new generation of 30+ passenger commuter and executive aircraft(1). Beyond this, the CT7 engine now offers the airlines a self-contained APU system to provide bleed air for the Environmental Control System (ECS) and electrical power for the aircraft during ground operation. This negates the need for a separate on-board APU with its extra cost, weight and fuel consumption and also eliminates the requirements for ground power units at the airlines’ operational terminals. The development of the engine as an APU generated a new set of technical requirements for the design and development and necessitated the development of special certification requirements as this was a new and unique operating condition for an aircraft prime propulsion system. A propeller brake had to be developed to lock the propeller and power turbine system and the engine had to be designed to operate at or near idle while producing large amounts of bleed air and electrical power. This development program was successfully completed in mid-1985 with the certification of the aircraft to operate with the CT7 Turboprop engine running as an APU.Copyright © 1986 by ASME
Low-frequency spontaneous radiation in a free-electron laser in the trapped regime.

The trapped regime of a free-electron laser is considered in terms of the relativistic quantum-mechanical Klein-Gordon equation in the presence of the undulator and the laser field. The electron which is trapped in the wells of the ponderomotive potential occupies discrete equidistant levels. Transitions between these quantum-mechanical levels are shown to lead to the well-known classical sidebands. As a new feature in spontaneous emission we obtain a low frequency \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\omega} emitted slightly off axis, where \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\omega} denotes the shift between the first sideband and the small-signal laser frequency. The low frequency is again classical and constitutes a sideband of the zeroth harmonic \ensuremath{\omega}=0. Under current experimental conditions this low-frequency spontaneous emission is at the borderline of detectability.
H I in Local Group Dwarf Galaxies and Stripping by the Galactic Halo

We examine the H I content and environment of all of the Local Group dwarf galaxies (M tot < 1010 M ☉), including the numerous newly discovered satellites of the Milky Way and M31. All of the new dwarfs, with the exception of Leo T, have no detected H I. The majority of dwarf galaxies within ~270 kpc of the Milky Way or Andromeda are undetected in H I (<104 M ☉ for Milky Way dwarfs), while those further than ~270 kpc are predominantly detected with masses ~105 to 108 M ☉. Analytical ram-pressure arguments combined with velocities obtained via proper motion studies allow for an estimate of the halo density of the Milky Way at several distances. This halo density is constrained to be greater than 2× 10–4-3 × 10–4 cm–3 out to distances of at least 70 kpc. This is broadly consistent with theoretical models of the diffuse gas in a Milky Way-like halo and is consistent with this component hosting a large fraction of a galaxy's baryons. Accounting for completeness in the dwarf galaxy count, gasless dwarf galaxies could have provided at most 2.1 × 108 M ☉ of H I gas to the Milky Way, which suggests that most of our Galaxy's star formation fuel does not come from accreted small satellites in the current era.
Response of Skeletal Muscle to Training

Physical training induces adaptive changes in skeletal muscle. These changes are localised to the active muscle with their magnitude depending upon the nature, i.e. time and intensity, of the training regimen. The most notable changes are increased concentrations of mitochondria and glycogen. With endurance training there are major changes in metabolism in that there is a greater contribution of fat to the total metabolism during submaximal exercise. This results in a conservation of the stores of glycogen with the net result of increasing total exercise capacity. This increased use of fat during submaximal exercise appears to be more closely related to the elevations in the concentration of mitochondria in muscle than to changes in total body maximal oxygen uptake. The combination of a greater contribution of fat to the metabolism and the elevated concentration of stored glycogen are prime factors contributing to the enhanced endurance capacity after endurance training. The mechanism for the greater use of fat after endurance training is discussed. Evidence now supports the hypothesis that this is due to a tighter control over the Embden-Meyerhof pathway as a result of the greater concentration of mitochondria. The effect of heavy resistance exercise on the size and strength of skeletal muscle is discussed. Some attention is focused on the recently revived controversy concerning whether muscle enlargement is the result of a hypertrophy of pre-existing fibres or of hyperplasia. It is concluded that although there is considerable evidence to support the development of hypertrophy in response to heavy resistance exercise, the contention that a splitting of fibres occurs to produce a greater fibre number is presently poorly supported.
Autotomy following limb denervation: Effects of previous exposure to neurectomy

Abstract Neurectomy, dorsal rhizotomy or spinal cord lesions can evoke self-attack and autotomy of portions of insensate limbs. This behavior has been attributed to dysesthesia and/or pain. However, the majority of animals subjected to these lesions do not exhibit self-mutilation. This study was designed to test for individual predisposition to self-mutilative behaviors by effecting two sequential limb denervations. In susceptible animals, denervation of the first limb induced circulatory, trophic and inflammatory reactions and/or autotomy. Inflammation developed slowly in one or two digits of some animals and then spontaneously resolved. Other animals attacked the tips of inflamed digits effecting local autotomy. Still other animals aggressively attacked multiple digits, rapidly developed diffuse inflammation and produced extensive autotomy. Denervation of a second limb, following complete healing of all tissue injury, induced by the first denervation, produced several dramatic responses. Nearly 90% of those responding with autotomy to the first denervation responded with autotomy to the second denervation. In contrast, only 11% of the non-attackers showed autotomy following the second denervation. The inflammatory and autotomy responses to the second denervation were markedly reduced in latency and increased in intensity. The pattern of autotomy was stereotyped, initiated at the digit tips, progressed proximally, lead by advancing inflammation. It is suggested that a strong host-response component is involved in the autotomy response.
Surface nitridation of a phosphate glass

Abstract Phosphate glass surfaces were nitrided by reacting them in dry ammonia at temperatures near the glass transition temperature ( T g ) for up to 100 h. These treatments have significant effects on surface dependent glass properties. For example, the dissolution rate of a sodium-barium phosphate glass ( T g = 345°C) decreased by over an order of magnitude after 24 h in ammonia at T g . X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses show that nitrogen in chemically incorporated into the glass structure at levels up to 3–5 at.%. Elemental depth profiles, obtained by XPS (for N) and by elastic recoil detection (ERD) analyses (for N and H), indicate that the surface oxynitrile layer extends to about 1 μm in depth. XPS analyses of in situ treated samples reveals the presence of several nitrogen species which affect the surface dependent properties by increasing the structural crosslink density of the glass surface.
FEMALE LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION AND RELIGION: A CROSS‐COUNTRY ANALYSIS

This paper empirically examines whether female labour force participation (FLFP) in a cross-section of countries between 1985 and 2005 varies depending upon the religion practised in these countries. Using a cross-sectional empirical specification, we initially find that FLFP is lower in Muslim countries. However, the association between Islam and FLFP greatly diminishes once other controls are included in the regression, suggesting that Islam might not diminish FLFP as some have argued. Moreover, once these additional controls are included, the association between Islam and FLFP is similar to that between Catholicism and FLFP. Countries where Protestantism is prevalent or where no religion is practised have higher FLFP. Finally, we find some evidence that the association between FLFP and religion is weakening over time.
Imaging of fine porosity in a colloidal silica : potassium silicate gel by defocus contrast microscopy

Abstract The fine porosity present in a 10:90 colloidal silica:potassium silicate gel was imaged in the transmission electron microscope by the technique of defocus contrast microscopy. With this imaging method it is possible to detect very small pores (≥1 nm) and to obtain an accurate measure of their size and distribution. The technique allows independent measurement of the spatial location, morphology and size of the pores in the gel. Specifically, defocus contrast proves that the colloidal gel exhibits two pore populations in the micro- and mesopore range: a fine porous texture which is found uniformly across the gel particles, and larger pores with an interconnected globular morphology. This result, together with data from previous studies, showed that the gel composition possesses a polydisperse distribution of porosity which extends to many length scales. The influence of the gel structure on the resultant nitrogen sorption data is also discussed.
The A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum—Its History and Collections by George W. Robinson and Robert Rann. A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI. Order from dmcomfor@mtu.edu (Seaman Gift Shop). 95 pages; 2012; $32 plus $5 shipping and handling (softbound plus one CD).

This attractive though short book carefully documents the history and holdings of one of America's finest mineral museums. This well-curated collection, tucked away in the Copper Country of Michiga...
Combating scale proliferation

It is not unusual for new scales to be created in scholarly marketing research with little concern for their relationship with previous measures of the same construct and little justification provided for their development. This practice is challenged and it is argued that this is one of the things that is preventing marketing from progressing as a science. An empirical example is provided to illustrate how this lack of concern can have negative consequences on a stream of research. Increased emphasis on scale standardisation, equivalency and justification are suggested as major components of the solution to the problem of scale proliferation. A scale selection and usage paradigm is offered to guide researchers in reaching these triple goals.
Three-Dimensional Fluorescence Absorption Imaging with Domain Decomposition

The Bayesian APPRIZE inverse method is applied to large domains via a memory-efficient "sliding window" domain decomposition approach. Successful reconstruction of randomly-generated, 3-D, hetereogeneous, fluorescence absorption maps is demonstrated and highlights advantages of 3-D reconstruction.
Integrating perspectives on authenticity

This chapter summarizes and integrates the main themes in the volume: examination of authenticity through a critical lens of power, culture, and gender; and consideration of authenticity as an essentially humanist endeavor.
A case of acute traumatic subdural hematoma in a child with previous bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis

The authors report the case of a 5-year-old female with right-sided hemiparesis and aphasia secondary to moyamoya disease, who had previously undergone staged bilateral encephaloduroarteriosynangiosis procedures. A subsequent ground-level fall caused an acute traumatic subdural hematoma with mass effect and neurological decline. She underwent emergency hematoma evacuation and decompressive craniectomy, which required interruption of the superficial temporal artery that had been used for indirect bypass, followed later by autologous cranioplasty. There were no acute or long-term ischemic events related to the occurrence or treatment of the traumatic hematoma. Follow-up angiography revealed extensive spontaneous vascular collateralization in the field of the decompressive craniectomy and cranioplasty. The patient returned to her pre-injury neurological baseline.
A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ALGORITHM FOR FEEDFORWARD ACTIVE NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL

A principal component least-mean-square (PC-LMS) adaptive algorithm is described that is applicable to large control systems used for feedforward control of single-frequency disturbances. The algorithm is a transform domain version of the multiple-error LMS algorithm. A transformation given by the principal components (PCs) of the transfer function matrix between the sensors and actuators in a control system at a single frequency is used to rotate the control-filter coefficient axes to a more convenient co-ordinate system, where: (1) independent convergence factors can be used on each co-ordinate to accelerate convergence; (2) insignificant control co-ordinates can be eliminated from the controller; and (3) co-ordinates that require excessive control effort can be eliminated. The PC-LMS algorithm has lower computational requirements than the multiple-error LMS algorithm. The two algorithms were compared in an experiment involving active structural acoustic control of a tone inside a closed cylindrical shell using 12 control actuators and 48 error sensors. Both algorithms reduced the primary response by more than 20 dB, averaged across the 48 microphones. The control system was slightly ill-conditioned at the test frequency, but the PC-LMS algorithm demonstrated stable convergence to the optimal control solution.
The principal–agent problem, tracking error, and the optimal investment portfolio

The principal seeks a portfolio manager to manage funds. The principal uses a tracking-error constraint that restricts the portfolio’s volatility. Without the constraint, the manager may increase the portfolio return by adding high-variance assets. Tests assume that the benchmark is the value-weighted market portfolio less the risk-free rate (MKT). Tests then add the Fama and French four long–short portfolios to test if they can increase return without a large increase in the portfolio variance. SMB (Small Minus Big) is long in small stocks and short in big stocks and picks up the small-firm premium. HML (High Minus Low) is long in high book-to-market stocks and short in low book-to-market stocks and picks up the value premium. WML (Winners Minus Losers) is long in past winners and short in past losers and picks up the momentum premium. Tests find that SMB adds tracking error and small returns, HML adds tracking error and large returns, and WML adds modest tracking error and large returns. WML requires he...
Validation and Field Testing of an Ergonomic Computer Use Checklist and Guidebook

The authors developed a validated office ergonomics checklist that focused on outcomes instead of workstation features. The workstation is evaluated primarily through observed working postures and movement patterns while the subject performs their usual tasks. A guidebook for the improvement of computer workstations is keyed to the checklist, to lead the user in reducing risk factors and improving workstation ergonomics. The checklist was first validated in a field test with three expert evaluators. The checklist and guidebook were later tested with a large employer and used as a self-evaluation instrument, by a co-worker, and by an Ergonomics Coordinator with training and experience. Workstations were evaluated by an independent ergonomist before and after interventions were made. Results indicated that the checklist and guidebook were effective in making significant improvements in workstation conditions when administered by an Ergonomics Coordinator, but not when used as a self-assessment or by an untr...
Expression of Marek's disease virus phosphorylated polypeptide pp38 produces splice variants and enhances metabolic activity

The phosphorylated polypeptide (pp)38 of oncogenic Marek's disease (MD) herpesvirus (MDV) is expressed during lytic infections in vivo and in vitro, but its functions have not been fully elucidated. The quail cell line QT-35, latently infected with MDV, was used to generate QTP32 in which pp38 is expressed under control of a tetracycline controlled promoter to examine possible functions of pp38. Induction of pp38 did not influence late MDV genes expression, but it enhanced mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity significantly. Two new pp38 splice variants were found in induced QTP32 cells, in additional in vitro systems and MDV-infected chickens. Differential expression of full-length pp38 and splice variants suggests that the splice variants are important during latency and perhaps transformation. Polypeptides of 40 and 20 kDa were detected by Western blot using monoclonal antibody H19. These polypeptides were also produced in DF-1 cells transfected with a pp38 construct in which the splice acceptor sites had been mutated. Our results add important new information to the role of pp38 in the pathogenesis of MD. The data suggest that pp38 and the two newly described splice variants may influence metabolic activity, which may have important consequences for the understanding of latency and tumor development.
A simplified approach to cardiac arrest

Abstract A simplified, accepted method of treating cardiac arrest has been described. It is a technique of external cardiac massage which can easily be mastered by the dentist. Using this technique, Johns Hopkins Hospital reported a 70 per cent over-all survival rate in eighty-four arrests. This compares most favorably with a 29 per cent survival rate for the open chest technique. External cardiac massage, properly applied simultaneously with artificial respiration, can keep the brain and heart sufficiently oxygenated until more definite evaluation and treatment are available, usually in the hospital. A dentist confronted with this dramatic emergency should be able to render effective resuscitation.
Unipolar brush cell axons form a large system of intrinsic mossy fibers in the postnatal vestibulocerebellum.

The unipolar brush cells (UBCs), a class of neurons recently identified in the granular layer of the vestibulocerebellum, receive excitatory synaptic input from mossy fibers (MFs) in the form of a giant glutamatergic synapse. UBCs are provided with axons that bear synaptic endings situated at the center of glomeruli, similar to cerebellar MF afferents. A single MF stimulus evokes a prolonged train of action potentials in the UBC (Rossi et al., 1995), which is presumably distributed to postsynaptic targets. Knowledge of the synaptic connections of UBC axons is essential to define the role of these cells in the integration of vestibular signals in the cerebellar circuitry. To evaluate these connections, the nodulus (folium X) was isolated from vermal slices of postnatal day 8 mice, cultured for 2-4 or 15-30 days in vitro, and studied by electron and fluorescence microscopy. The peak of degeneration of extrinsic MF terminals, which have been severed from the parent cell bodies, was observed at 2 days in vitro (DIV). Quantification of degenerating and nondegenerating (e.g., intrinsic) MF terminals indicated that about half of the MF terminals were provided by local UBC axons synapsing on dendrites of granule cells and other UBCs. The proportion of nondegenerating vs. degenerating MF terminals terminating on UBCs also indicated that approximately two-thirds of the intrinsic MFs are involved in UBC-UBC connections. In long-term cultures, the granular layer appeared well preserved and the UBC axons formed an extensive system of MF collaterals. It is suggested that UBCs may act by spatially amplifying vestibular inputs carried by extrinsic MFs.
Lobuloalveolar Differentiation in Mouse Mammary Tissues in vitro

Administration of lobuloalveolar mammogenic hormones (for a period insufficient to induce alveolar differentiation) to immature mice prior to cultivation of their mammary glands in chemically defined, hormone-supplemented media resulted in lobuloalveolar growth in vitro comparable to that of late pregnancy. No such growth occurred in cultures of mammary tissues from mice not treated with hormones. The use of tissues from hormone-treated donors might serve as a valuable tool for studies concerned with differentiation in vitro.
Brush seal low surface speed hard-rub characteristics

The bristles of a 38.1-mm (1.5-in.) diameter brush seal were flexed by a tapered, 40-tooth rotor operating at 2600 rpm that provided sharp leading-edge impact of the bristles with hard rubbing of the rotor lands. Three separate tests were run with the same brush accumulating over 1.3 x 10(exp 9) flexure cycles while deteriorating 0.2 mm (0.008 in.) radially. In each, the test bristle incursion depth varied from 0.130 to 0.025 mm (0.005 to 0.001 in.) or less (start to stop), and in the third test the rotor was set 0.25 mm (0.010 in.) eccentric. Runout varied from 0.025 to 0.076 mm (0.001 to 0.003 in.) radially. The bristles wore but did not pull out, fracture, or fragment. Bristle and rotor wear debris were deposited as very fine, nearly amorphous, highly porous materials at the rotor groove leading edges and within the rotor grooves. The land leading edges showed irregular wear and the beginning of a convergent groove that exhibited sharp, detailed wear at the land trailing edges. Surface grooving, burnishing, 'whipping,' and hot spots and streaks were found. With a smooth-plug rotor, post-test leakage increased 30 percent over pretest leakage.
Tablets, touchscreens, and touchpads: : How varying touch interfaces trigger psychological ownership and endowment

As mouse-driven desktop computers give way to touchpad laptops and touchscreen tablets, the role of touch in online consumer behavior has become increasingly important. This work presents initial explorations into the effects of varying touch-based interfaces on consumers, and argues that research into the interfaces used to access content can be as important as research into the content itself. Two laboratory studies using a variety of touch technologies explore how touchscreen interfaces can increase perceived psychological ownership, and this in turn magnifies the endowment effect. Touch interfaces also interact with importance of product haptics and actual interface ownership in their effects on perceived product ownership, with stronger effects for products high in haptic importance and interfaces that are owned. Results highlight that perceptions of online products and marketing activities are filtered through the lens of the interfaces used to explore them, and touch-based devices like tablets can lead to higher product valuations when compared to traditional computers.
Genotoxicity of γ-irradiation in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells

Abstract The ability of γ-irradiation to induce gene mutation at the thymidine kinase locus and gross chromosome aberrations in L5178Y TK+/− 3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells was evaluated. Positive results were obtained for both end-points. The majority of mutants were found to be small-colony mutants which correlated with the induction of gross chromosome aberrations.
Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and the Freedman's Savings Bank:

The experiences of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac during and prior to the Financial Crisis of 2007–09 call to mind the history of the Freedman’s Savings and Trust Company, a prominent bank founded for the benefit of former slaves just after the Civil War. This paper notes similarities concerning the initial motivation for the creation of all three institutions and draws parallels between their mismanagement and subsequent failures. The paper also discusses the government’s response to the institutions’ downfalls and the legacies that the institutions left behind.
Mechanism of benzaldehyde lyase studied via thiamin diphosphate-bound intermediates and kinetic isotope effects

Direct spectroscopic observation of thiamin diphosphate-bound intermediates was achieved on the enzyme benzaldehyde lyase, which carries out reversible and highly enantiospecific conversion of ( R)-benzoin to benzaldehyde. The key enamine intermediate could be observed at lambda max 393 nm in the benzoin breakdown direction and in the decarboxylase reaction starting with benzoylformate. With benzaldehyde as substrate, no intermediates could be detected, only formation of benzoin at 314 nm. To probe the rate-limiting step in the direction of ( R)-benzoin synthesis, the (1)H/ (2)H kinetic isotope effect was determined for benzaldehyde labeled at the aldehyde position and found to be small (1.14 +/- 0.03), indicating that ionization of the C2alphaH from C2alpha-hydroxybenzylthiamin diphosphate is not rate limiting. Use of the alternate substrates benzoylformic and phenylpyruvic acids (motivated by the observation that while a carboligase, benzaldehyde lyase could also catalyze the slow decarboxylation of 2-oxo acids) enabled the observation of the substrate-thiamin covalent intermediate via the 1',4'-iminopyrimidine tautomer, characteristic of all intermediates with a tetrahedral C2 substituent on ThDP. The reaction of benzaldehyde lyase with the chromophoric substrate analogue ( E)-2-oxo-4(pyridin-3-yl)-3-butenoic acid and its decarboxylated product ( E)-3-(pyridine-3-yl)acrylaldehyde enabled the detection of covalent adducts with both. Neither adduct underwent further reaction. An important finding of the studies is that all thiamin-related intermediates are in a chiral environment on benzaldehyde lyase as reflected by their circular dichroism signatures.
Development and maintenance of an online formulary for a large health system.

A health system’s formulary, defined as a compilation of pharmaceuticals revised regularly to reflect the current clinical judgment of the medical staff,[1][1] is a crucial component of patient care that allows for focused employee education on medications and a more easily regulated drug-
Electrode guarding in electrical impedance measurements of physiological systems—a critique

The application of the guard ring has been advanced as a method for focusing the applied current in performing electrical-impedance measurements of volume conductors. The objective is to obtain impedance and/or its variation at localised regions of heterogeneous tissue. The paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of both guarded and unguarded measurements and shows that the application of guarding does not, normally, fulfil the capabilities being ascribed to it. A comparison is made of the guarded system under constant-current and constant-voltage constraints with an unguarded electrode system, and it is shown that the guarded system does not have any significant advantages.
Abstract 2165: Parents' ages at birth and risk of hormone-related cancer among women in the California Teachers Study

Childbearing age has increased in Western countries over the last several decades. The immediate effects of advanced parental age on the health of offspring have been extensively studied. However, few studies have examined the effect of parental age at birth on the risk of adult-onset cancer. We explored the association between parental age at birth and the risk of adult-onset hormone-related cancers (i.e., breast cancer, ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer) in the prospective California Teachers Study cohort of 133,479 female teachers and administrators. Between 1995 and 2010, 5359 women were diagnosed with breast cancer, 515 women were diagnosed with ovarian cancer, and 1110 women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer. Multivariate adjusted relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by fitting Cox proportional hazards models. After mutual adjustment for paternal age/maternal age at birth, no association was observed for maternal age at birth for any of the three types of cancer. However, compared to those born to a father whose age at his daughter9s birth was 25-29 years, women born to a father under age 20 years had 35% greater risk of breast cancer (RR=1.35, 95% CI=1.03-1.76) and more than 2 times greater risk of ovarian cancer (RR=2.26, 95% CI=1.14-4.50); women born to a father whose age at childbirth was 30-34 years had 25% greater risk of endometrial cancer (RR=1.25, 95% CI=1.05-1.48) than women whose father was 25-29 years. In an interaction model, relative to daughters born to a mother younger than 25 year and a father between 25-29 years, relative risk was elevated for those born to a mother younger than 25 and a father younger than 20 years (RR=1.37, 95% CI=1.07-1.76), or to a father older than 34 years old regardless of mother9s age (mother Citation Format: Yani Lu, Jianning Luo, Sophia Wang, Huiyan Ma, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Peggy Reynolds, Leslie Bernstein. Parents9 ages at birth and risk of hormone-related cancer among women in the California Teachers Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2165. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2165
C/NOFS observations of plasma density and electric field irregularities at post-midnight local times

[1] We report on plasma densities and electric fields measured by the C/NOFS satellite between 10 and 20 June 2008. Midway through the interval, geomagnetic conditions changed from quiescent to disturbed as a high speed stream (HSS) in the solar wind passed Earth. During the HSS passage C/NOFS encountered post-midnight irregularities that ranged from strong equatorial plasma bubbles to longitudinally broad depletions. At the leading edge of the HSS the interplanetary magnetic field rapidly intensified and rotated causing auroral electrojet currents to rise and fall within a few hours. As the electrojet relaxed, C/NOFS witnessed a rapid transition from a weakly to a strongly disturbed equatorial ionosphere that lasted ∼10 hours. Eastward polarization electric fields intensified within locally depleted flux tubes. We discuss relative contributions of gravity-driven currents, overshielding electric fields and disturbance dynamos as drivers of post-midnight depletions.
Explaining trends in tropospheric mercury using global modeling

Multiple observational analyses have identified a decreasing trend over the past decade in surface concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), from sites in both the Northern and Southern hemisphere. We use two model-based approaches to identify sets of parameters that could quantitatively explain observed trends in mercury. Using a 12-box model, we quantify which combinations of factors including changes in anthropogenic emissions, oceanic and land evasion, and atmospheric oxidation rates that can explain observed tropospheric mercury decreases. We then use the GEOS-Chem chemical transport model to further examine source attribution at measurement sites where decreasing trends have been observed. We combine these analyses to generate quantitative hypotheses to explain observed trends. We suggest that the tropospheric decline may be best explained by multiple, reinforcing factors.
Alterations in photosynthesis and pigment distributions in pea leaves following UV‐B exposure

We compared photosynthetic and UV-B-absorbing pigment concentrations, gas-exchange rates and photosystem II (PSII) electron transport rates in leaves of pea (Pisum sativum mutant Argenteum) grown without UV-B or under an enhanced UV-B treatment (18 kJ m -2 biologically effective daily dose) in a greenhouse. We also compared the distribution of chlorophyll by depth within leaves of each treatment by using image analysis of chlorophyll autofluorescence. Ultraviolet-B treatment elicited putative protective responses such as an 80% increase in UV-B-absorbing compound concentrations (leaf-area basis), and a slight increase in mesophyll thickness (178 in controls compared to 191 μm in UV-B-treated leaves). However, photosynthetic rates of UV-B-treated leaves were only 80% of those of controls. This was paralleled by reductions in leaf conductance to water vapor (50% of controls) and intercellular CO 2 concentrations, suggesting that stomatal limitations were at least partly responsible for lower photosynthetic rates under the UV-B treatment. Total chlorophyll concentrations (leaf-area basis) in UV-B-treated leaves were only 70% of controls, and there was a shift in the relative distribution of chlorophyll with depth in UV-B-treated leaves. In control leaves chlorophyll concentrations were highest near the adaxial surface of the upper palisade, dropped with depth and then increased slightly in the bottom of the spongy mesophyll nearest the abaxial surface. In contrast, in UV-B-treated leaves chlorophyll concentrations were lowest at the adaxial surface of the upper palisade and increased with depth through the leaf. The most notable treatment difference in chlorophyll concentrations was in the upper palisade near the adaxial surface of leaves, where we estimate that chlorophyll concentrations in each 1-μm-thick paradermal layer were about 50% lower in UV-B-treated leaves than in controls. We found reduced electron transport capacity in UV-B-treated leaves, based on lower maximum fluorescence (F m ), variable to maximum fluorescence ratios (F v /F m ) and quantum yield of PSII electron transport (Y). However, the above were assessed from fluorometer measurements on the adaxial leaf surface and may reflect the markedly lower chlorophyll concentrations in the upper palisade of UV-B-treated leaves.