cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron impact and electron capture negative ionization mass spectra of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

This review presents the electron impact (EI) and electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mass spectra of the polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants and of their methoxy derivatives. Data from the literature are reviewed, and full spectra from our laboratory are reported to correct some of the errors that have crept into some previously published data. The EI spectra of the PBDEs are dominated by molecular ions and by singly and doubly charged ions due to the loss of Br2 from the molecular ion. The ECNI spectra of PBDEs with seven or less bromines are dominated by Br− and by HBr2−; the spectra of those with eight or more bromines are dominated by tetra- or pentabromophenoxide ions due to cleavage of the phenyl-ether linkage. The EI mass spectra of methoxy-PBDEs can easily distinguish the position of the methoxy group relative to the phenyl-ether linkage. The ECNI spectra of these compounds are also dominated by Br− and HBr2−. In both ionization modes and for both compound groups, there ...
The role of calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase in Leydig cell steroidogenesis.

Purified rat Leydig cell cytosol was found to contain a protein kinase which was dependent on the presence of both calcium and phospholipids (phosphatidylserine and diolein), i.e. calcium/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. The peak of Ca/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase was separated from type I and type II cAMP-dependent protein kinase by DE-52 chromatography. 4β-Phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), a tumor-promoting agent, could substitute for diolein in activation of Ca/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase. PMA caused dose-dependent increments of testosterone formation by Leydig cells, whereas inactive phorbol esters had no significant effects. PMA-induced testosterone formation was dependent on extracellular calcium and could be blocked by the addition of the calcium channel-blocking agent nifedipine. Since PMA can directly activate Ca/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase and increase testosterone formation, these results suggest that Ca/ phospholipid-dependent protein kinase may be invol...
Lasting Pure-Motor Deficits after Focal Posterior Internal Capsule White-Matter Infarcts in Rats

Small white-matter infarcts of the internal capsule are clinically prevalent but underrepresented among currently available animal models of ischemic stroke. In particular, the assessment of long-term outcome, a primary end point in clinical practice, has been challenging due to mild deficits and the rapid and often complete recovery in most experimental models. We, therefore, sought to develop a focal white-matter infarction model that can mimic the lasting neurologic deficits commonly observed in stroke patients. The potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (n=24) or vehicle (n=9) was stereotactically injected into the internal capsule at one of three antero-posterior levels (1, 2, or 3 mm posterior to bregma) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Endothelin-injected animals showed highly focal (~1 mm3) and reproducible ischemic infarcts, with severe axonal and myelin loss accompanied by cellular infiltration when examined 2 and 4 weeks after injection. Only those rats injected with endothelin-1 at the most posterior location developed robust and pure-motor deficits in adhesive removal, cylinder and foot-fault tests that persisted at 1 month, without detectable sensory impairments. In summary, we present an internal capsule stroke model optimized to produce lasting pure-motor deficits in rats that may be suitable to study neurologic recovery and rehabilitation after white-matter injury.
Patterns of speciation in the genus Lopidea (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)

. Speciation in four monophyletic species groups of the mirid genus Lopidea is examined. An analysis of twelve speciation events suggests that vicariance can account for at least 50% of speciation in Lopidea, and the frequency of sympatric host plant speciation may be as high as 25%. In examples attributable to peripheral isolate speciation, the daughter taxa typically occur in recognized areas of endemism, suggesting a common cause (vicariance) for their origins. In addition, seven zones of disjunction between subspecies and allopatric sister species were identified for Lopidea, which correspond with similar disjunctions between sister taxa in other groups of organisms.
On dielectronic recombination and resonances in excitation cross sections

It is found that the contribution to the dielectronic recombination rate of stabilizing transitions of the outer electron is within the 30% accuracy of the Burgess rates calculated by neglecting this process even for Delta n = 0 transitions for astrophysically important ions. Autoionization to excited levels, ignored in the Burgess procedure and shown by Jacobs et al. (1977) to be important for some ions in the calculation of the dielectronic recombination rate, is discussed with reference to the resonance excitation of some astrophysically important X-ray lines. In particular, the contribution of resonances to the excitation of several lines in the helium and neon isosequences is estimated.
Predicting patient deterioration in youth mental health services: community mental health vs. managed care settings

Objective: To examine differences across a community mental health system and a private managed care system in the accuracy of a warning system designed to identify youth at risk for deterioration in mental health services. Design: Longitudinal outcome data from the Youth Outcome Questionnaire (Y-OQ) were examined using multilevel modeling for 2,310 youth ages 4–17 who received outpatient treatment. Results: The warning system correctly identified 69% of cases that ultimately ended in deterioration in the community mental health setting, compared to 61% in the managed care setting. The overall hit rate (overall accuracy in classifying cases as deteriorators/non-deteriorators) was the same in the two settings (75%). Conclusions: Results are consistent with previous research demonstrating that patient-focused warning systems can be reasonably accurate in identifying youth cases at risk for treatment failure. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 67:1–17, 2011.
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome: fertility counseling and treatment.

To date, no literature has focused on the counseling of patients with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome as relates to their unique fertility challenges. This article is presented as a guide to practitioners in the counseling of patients with varying Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser phenotypes regarding individual reproductive potential.
Coordinated Control of the Bus Tie Switches and Power Supply Converters for Fault Protection in DC Microgrids

For dc microgrids, coordinated operation of electronic power converters and mechanical contactors can rapidly isolate short circuit faults while maintaining continuity of power to loads. The entire process—rapidly limiting current, deenergizing the bus, reconfiguring the bus via segmentizers or bus ties, and reenergizing the network—can be accomplished in milliseconds, during which time diode-isolated load-side hold-up capacitors continue supplying power to critical loads. For a wide range of systems, reconfiguration can be accomplished in 8–10 ms, which is fast enough to comply with requirements of CBEMA and IEEE standards on power quality. Reconfiguration time depends on the power system dimensions, the number of sources connected to the system, the system nominal voltage, and the performance of segmentizers.
Determination of thermodynamic and transport properties of a polystyrene-co-acrylonitrile copolymer by infinite and finite concentration IGC

The capillary column inverse gas chromatography technique was used to determine diffusivity and solubility data for several solutes in a poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) random copolymer (SAN). Both infinite dilution and finite concentration experiments were conducted using an IGC-mass spectrometer (IGC-MS) technique that combines the performance of the gas chromatography technique with the resolution of the mass spectrometer detector. Thirteen solutes were studied to obtain thermodynamic and diffusion coefficients at infinite dilution. Finite concentration experiments were conducted with toluene up to 10 wt.% concentration. Pseudo-binary experiments were also conducted in which a trace amount of hexane was injected in a mixture of toluene and SAN.
A specific sensitive HPLC method for determination of plasma dopamine

We describe here a sensitive, selective and rapid method to quantitate plasma catecholamines, especially dopamine, using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. This method requires a 10-minute run time and has a threshold for detection of 2 picograms, (10pg/ml). A number of commonly employed mobile phases for catecholamine analysis have been tested and have failed to detect dopamine in biological samples. Neither acetonitrile (3–7%) or methanol, (5–8%) in the mobile phase has produced consistently interpretable data either due to inability to detect or interference from co-eluting substances. Optimal detection was achieved with a mobile phase containing sodium acetate (6.8g), citric acid (5.9g), EDTA (48mg), di-n-butylamine (270μl), Na-1-octane sulfate (850mg), methanol (100 ml) (amounts refer to 1 liter aqueous solution) (pH 4.3). The mobile phase was passed through a Waters 5μ resolve C18 column using a Waters 590 pump and m460 electrochemical detector and 740 data module, Flow rate was 0.9ml/min. Using this method, normal values in human and swine left ventricular myocardium and human and swine plasma have been established for norepinephrine, epinephrine, and dopamine.
Vapor deposition and condensate flow on combustion turbine blades - Theoretical model to predict/understand some corrosion rate consequences of molten alkali sulfate deposition in the field or laboratory

An analysis is undertaken of aerodynamically- and centrifugally-driven liquid condensate layers on nonisothermal combustion turbines' stator vanes and rotor blades. Attention is given to the quantitative consequences of one possible mechanism for the initiation of 'hot corrosion' in the underlying blade material through a 'fluxing' of the protective oxide coating by the molten salt of the Newtonian condensate film. Illustrative calculations are presented for the condensate streamline pattern and the distributions of the steady-state condensate layer thickness, together with the corresponding oxide dissolution rate, for a test turbine blade.
What do healthcare providers advise women with multiple sclerosis regarding pregnancy

Pregnancy in multiple sclerosis (MS) is considered safe for both the woman and the child. Nevertheless, pregnancy issues in MS are complex both from a patient's and a provider's perspective. In an anonymous survey, 28 healthcare providers in the United States reported on the management of multiple sclerosis (MS) during pregnancy. Participants were asked about their recommendations to patients about the use of disease modifying therapies during pregnancy and breastfeeding and general recommendations about MS and pregnancy. Healthcare providers were also asked about sources from which they receive information about the management of patients with MS. Results suggested that healthcare providers do not discourage pregnancy for women with MS, recommend that women not use disease modifying therapies while pregnant, and have a positive view of breastfeeding for women with MS. Results also indicated the need for guidelines on patient management for pregnant women with MS.
Bibliography Management with Pro-CiteTM Version 2.0

Pro-CiteTM, a database management system specifically designed to manage bibliographic references, is reviewed in this article. One of three bibliographic products from Personal Bibliographic Software, Pro-Cite provides a wide range of data manipulation capabilities. These include: creating, editing, and deleting database records; querying for specific recordss; organizing databases; and printing selected records to a variety of devices. This article describes Pro-Cite version 2.0., a major upgrade, and its companion program for converting data captured from MEDLARS into Pro-Cite databases, MEDLARS Biblio-LinksTM.
The serum opacity reaction of Streptococcus pyogenes: general properties of the streptococcal factor and of the reaction in aged serum.

The capacity of certain strains of Streptococcus pyogenes to produce opacity in aged horse serum has been studied. Cells from all stages of the growth cycle are able to produce opacity. Maximal activity is reached towards the end of the exponential phase of growth. Examination of cell fractions obtained by mechanical breakage and differential centrifugation suggested that the cell-bound activity is predominantly associated with the membrane fraction. Extraction with sodium deoxycholate yields a soluble fraction of high activity. There is considerable strain variation in heat stability of the serum opacity factor. Cell-bound activity is often quite resistant to heat, whereas extracted activity is less stable. Low concentrations of divalent cations have an activating effect, whereas high concentrations inhibit the serum opacity reaction. High concentrations of uni-valent cations are without effect on the cell-free enzyme but have an activating effect on the cell-bound enzyme. For both the cell-bound and the cell-free enzyme the pH optimum was 5·8. Although sensitive to trypsin and pepsin, the serum opacity factor appears to be resistant to streptococcal proteinase. Its activity is destroyed by formaldehyde and by periodate but is unaffected by a number of reducing agents. Pre-heating of the serum or the addition of iodoacetate did not affect the serum opacity reaction. The enhanced cholesterol esterification previously described with fresh serum appears to be a secondary reaction. Even when isolated by relatively gentle methods, α-lipoprotein serves as a substrate only in the presence of crystalline serum albumin.
Consideration Sets and Political Choices: A Heterogeneous Model of Vote Choice and Sub-national Party Strength

This paper brings to political science a new decision-making model based on research in consumer behavior. Individuals do not necessarily make choices from the universe of alternatives; rather, they choose from a “consideration set,” a notion derived from both utility maximization and information processing theories. Here I apply a model of heterogeneous consideration sets to voting in the 2000 Mexican national election. I argue that the sub-national variation in the strength of Mexican parties leads to heterogeneous consideration sets, resulting in individuals with identical issue preferences and personal attributes making different voting decisions. Application of this model provides both interesting substantive conclusions about vote choice in Mexico and a more general theoretical innovation regarding vote choice.
Negotiating U.S. policy to counter terrorism

Terrorists have been active throughout history. Their threat, just like the threat of national warfare, ebbs and flows with events and personalities. To counter this threat, U.S. policy should be mature, honest, flexible, farsighted, publicly known, and consistent with our highest values. At this time, the Bush Administration has a good opportunity to reassess U.S. policy and develop a balanced response to the threat of terrorism. Effective counter-terrorism policy can only evolve from an effective process for evaluating and developing that policy. And the key to successful process is sound negotiation theory. This focus on process, bringing with it a broad view of the problem and a preference for joint activity, creates a workable approach to dealing with the serious threat of terrorism in our world.
Body mass in large extant and extinct carnivores

Body mass in six species of Plio-Pleistocene carnivores was estimated based on the relationship between mass and cross-sectional geometric properties, distal articular surface area, lengths and circumferences of proximal limb bones (femur and humerus) in 28 species of extant carnivores. All measures, except lengths, were found to give congruent body mass estimates. Two of the extinct carnivores (Smilodon fatalis and Panthera atrox) are estimated to be as much as one and a half times heavier than previously thought. Based on these results inferences are made concerning possible prey species.
Treatment of Psychological Factors in a Child With Difficult Asthma: A Case Report

Difficult asthma is defined as the persistence of asthma symptoms, abnormal pulmonary function showing airway obstruction, and continued requirement for short-acting bronchodilator therapy, despite adequate treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. It calls for a thorough evaluation of the patient to look into alternate and complicating diagnoses. The authors report a case of a 9-year-old patient with difficult asthma who failed to respond to conventional therapy. Although it was recognized that he had a number of potential medical complicating factors including allergies, chronic sinusitis, and gastroesophageal reflux, a psychological intervention using hypnosis ultimately appeared to help alleviate his symptoms completely. Thus, psychological evaluation and intervention should be considered early in the course of management of a patient with difficult asthma, because it may help avoid time-consuming and expensive investigations of potential complicating factors, and it may yield rapid improvement in the p...
Advanced edge roughness measurement application for mask metrology

With decreasing Critical Dimensions (CD), the negative influence of line edge roughness (LER) and line-width roughness (LWR) on CD uniformity and mean-to-target CD becomes more pronounced, since there is no corresponding reduction of roughness with dimension reduction. This applies to wafer metrology as well as to mask metrology. In order to better understand the types of roughness as well as the impact of the CD-SEM roughness measurement capabilities on the control of the mask process, the sensitivity and accuracy of the roughness analysis were qualified by comparing the measured mask roughness to the design for a dedicated LER test mask. This comparison is done for different LER amplitude and periodicity values and for reference structures without nominal LER using the built-in CD-SEM algorithms for LER characterization.
Laryngeal paralysis due to peripheral nerve damage.

SummaryVarious clinical types of laryngeal paralysis may result in different degrees of dysphonia ranging from breathiness to aphonia. Nonsurgical, rehabilitative efforts to restore proper laryngeal valving can be effectively administered only when one understands the nature of the paralysis in relation to its neuromuscular pathology. This paper briefly reviews laryngeal neuroanatomy, discusses various types of laryngeal paralyses and their etiologies, and presents a repertoire of therapeutic principles and exercises for vocal rehabilitation.
NMR parameters of biologically important aromatic acids I. Benzoic acid and derivatives

Abstract Precise values of aromatic proton chemical shifts and coupling constants for phenol, anisole, and 22 hydroxy- and methoxy-substituted benzoic acids and methyl benzoates were obtained from the complete computer analysis of the spectra. The additivity of substituent effects on the aromatic and methyl proton chemical shifts is evaluated in detail in order to establish the reliability of the predicted chemical shifts. The importance of solvent effects on empirical chemical shift parameters is stressed. The coupling constants for mono- and disubstituted benzoic acids could be predicted from additivity. The nonadditivity of the methoxy-substituted methyl benzoate coupling constants is attributed to the steric interaction of the bulky methoxy and methyl ester groups.
Right-Sided Cardiac Tumors Detected by Transesophageal Echocardiography and Its Usefulness in Differentiating the Benign From the Malignant Ones

Eighteen patients (3 men and 15 women; mean age 63 years) with right-sided tumors were evaluated by both transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography from 1989 to 1996. The indications for echocardiographic studies included evaluation for a presumed mass and further evaluation of ventricular function and valvular function. Fifteen patients had right atrial tumors. These included 5 hypernephromas, 4 myxomas, 2 angiosarcomas, 1 lipoma, 1 cavernous hemangioma, 1 hepatoma, and 1 chondrosarcoma. Three patients had right ventricular (RV) tumors: 1 metastatic olfactory neuroblastoma, a leiomyosarcoma, a chondrosarcoma, and a fourth patient had infiltration of the RV free wall of unknown etiology. Biopsy of either right atrial or RV masses was performed with transesophageal echocardiographic guidance in 2 patients, and allowed histologic diagnosis before surgical resection. These findings indicate that tumors are more often found in the right atrium than in the right ventricle, and females predominate. Most tumors arising within the right atrium are benign, whereas those extending into the right atrium from outside are malignant. RV tumors are rarely encountered; when present, they are likely to be malignant.
Modulation of arachidonic Acid metabolism in the rat kidney by sulforaphane: implications for regulation of blood pressure.

Background. We investigated the effects of sulforaphane (SF), the main active isothiocyanate in cruciferous vegetables, on arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism in the kidney and its effect on arterial blood pressure, using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) as models. Methods. Rats were treated for 8 weeks with either drinking water alone (control) or SF (20 or 40 mg/kg) added to drinking water. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured at 7-day intervals throughout the study. At the end of treatment rats were euthanized, and kidneys were harvested to prepare microsomes and measure enzymes involved in regulation of vasoactive metabolites: CYP4A, the key enzyme in the formation of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and the soluble epoxide hydrolase, which is responsible for the degradation of the vasodilator metabolites such as epoxyeicosatetraenoic acids. Effect of SF on kidney expression of CYP4A was investigated by immunoblotting. Results. We found that treatment with SF leads to significant reductions in both, the expression and activity of renal CYP4A isozymes, as well as the activity of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Consistent with these data, we have found that treatment with SF resisted the progressive rise in MAP in the developing SHR in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion. This is the first demonstration that SF modulates the metabolism of AA by both P450 enzymes and sEH in SHR rats. This may represent a novel mechanism by which SF protects SHR rats against the progressive rise in blood pressure.
Finite-size scaling above the upper critical dimension.

We present a unified view of finite-size scaling (FSS) in dimension $d$ above the upper critical dimension, for both free and periodic boundary conditions. We find that the modified FSS proposed some time ago to allow for violation of hyperscaling due to a dangerous irrelevant variable applies only to $\mathbf{k}=\mathbf{0}$ fluctuations, and ``standard'' FSS applies to $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\ne}\mathbf{0}$ fluctuations. Hence the exponent $\ensuremath{\eta}$ describing power-law decay of correlations at criticality is unambiguously $\ensuremath{\eta}=0$. With free boundary conditions, the finite-size ``shift'' is greater than the rounding. Nonetheless, using $T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{L}$, where ${T}_{L}$ is the finite-size pseudocritical temperature, rather than $T\ensuremath{-}{T}_{c}$, as the scaling variable, the data do collapse onto a scaling form that includes the behavior both at ${T}_{L}$, where the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ diverges like ${L}^{d/2}$, and at the bulk ${T}_{c}$, where it diverges like ${L}^{2}$. These claims are supported by large-scale simulations on the five-dimensional Ising model.
In Vitro Conversion of Long-Chain Fatty Acids to Ketones by Bovine Rumen Mucosa

Abstract The rate of conversion of lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, and linoleic acids to ketone bodies by rumen mucosal tissue from five normal and five fasted nonpregnant, nonlactating Holstein heifers was studied in vitro. Endogenous formation of ketone bodies occurred in tissue from both groups of animals. The net rate of ketone formation in the presence of exogenous longchain fatty acids was significantly faster (P 14 C-labeled palmitic and oleic acids were used as substrates, conclusively showed that ketones were derived directly from the long-chain fatty acids.
Autonomous Systems for Flexible Manufacturing: Successes and Challenges

Summary form only given. A major trend in manufacturing today is the shift from fixed, mass production to customized, flexible manufacturing. The emergence of the Internet and associated software standards is enabling smart production management in a manufacturing enterprise through the integration of the supply chain and customer demand with manufacturing. Such integration requires manufacturing systems to support information integration standards to establish the links between suppliers and customers, design and support, and the factory and enterprise. Future highly connected and networked manufacturing systems need to be robust and flexible. We will summarize learning from a decade of R&D in multi-agent systems to enable highly distributed, autonomous, efficiently cooperating, and asynchronously communicating units of automation. Multi-agent systems are useful in applications where the number of possible configurations for the equipment and control system are too large to accommodate in traditional programming. We will provide illustrative application examples to highlight the domain for the application of multi-agent systems in manufacturing, and conclude with a summary of challenges for widespread application of such systems for flexible manufacturing.
Surgical therapy and long-term follow-up of childhood hereditary pancreatitis

Treatment and a 15-year follow-up survey of 42 patients with hereditary pancreatitis (HP) were compared with 28 patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis (RP) of childhood. There was no difference between the two groups except for pancreatic ductal dilatation and stones in patients with HP. Longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy (20) or resection and drainage procedures (7) were more commonly required in patients with HP than RP (55% v 14%). There was no surgical mortality. Postoperatively, immediate and complete relief of symptoms was obtained in 43% of patients with HP and 25% of patients with RP. In the remainder, recurrent attacks of pancreatitis abated over 2 years such that 81% of the surgical patients were in good or excellent health. Occasional symptoms persisted in 52% of HP patients and 25% of RP patients. Of the 20 patients with HP or RP undergoing longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy extending from the head to the tail, 75% were symptom-free on follow-up. However, 3 of 6 patients with poor results had also undergone this procedure. At long-term follow-up of patients who did not undergo operation, 75% of HP patients and 90% of RP patients reported excellent or good health despite the persistent symptoms in 68% and 42%, respectively. Surgery for childhood HP is dependent on the complications present. Longitudinal pancreaticojejunostomy is beneficial for ductal dilatation and associated pseudocysts or pancreatic ascites. The performance of this procedure in the absence of consistent pancreatic duct dilatation will give poor results. Patients without ductal dilatation and the majority of patients with RP may eventually lead near normal lives without resorting to surgery.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Prospective quality of life assessment in congenital laryngomalacia.

Abstract Purpose of study Disturbances in breathing or feeding may profoundly affect parental perceptions of a newborn's health. Previous research into quality of life for patients with laryngomalacia is limited to retrospective analysis. The purpose of this study is to prospectively evaluate the quality of life of families of infants with laryngomalacia and the impact of surgical and non-surgical treatments. Design and method Pilot prospective analysis using the laryngomalacia quality of life (QOL) survey in families of infants with newly diagnosed laryngomalacia under age one year. A 29-question survey regarding severity of symptoms related to overall health, airway, and swallowing is completed at initial and post-treatment visits. Responses are quantified over a range from 1 to 5 (1 never to 5 always). Results Twenty-six families were enrolled in the study. Eleven patients were managed medically and fifteen underwent supraglottoplasty. The overall mean QOL score for patients treated medically was 2.57 (standard error, SE 0.16) on initial visit and 1.67 (SE 0.16) post-treatment (mean 3.9 months). Patients undergoing supraglottoplasty had an overall mean QOL score of 3.59 (SE 0.14) on initial visit and 2.22 (SE 0.22) post-treatment (mean 3.5 months). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc testing revealed significant improvement between initial and follow-up visits in both treatment groups ( p p p > 0.05). Conclusions Prospective QOL assessment of children with laryngomalacia and their families reveals a significant burden of disease. Quality of life improves in all patients but may improve more significantly in patients managed surgically.
Theoretical study of the structure of protonated ethane (C2H 7

The floating spherical gaussian orbital method is employed for predicting the shape of C2H7+. The pentavalency of carbon may be explained by the presence of a two-electron three-centre bond in addition to the standard two-electron two-centre bonds in this ion.
Experimental study of scalar filtered mass density function in turbulent partially premixed flames

Abstract The mixture fraction filtered mass density function (FMDF) used in large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent combustion is studied experimentally using line images obtained in turbulent partially premixed methane flames (Sandia flames D and E). Cross-stream filtering is employed to obtain the FMDF and other filtered variables. The means of the FMDF conditional on the subgrid-scale (SGS) scalar variance at a given location are found to vary from close to Gaussian to bimodal, indicating well-mixed and nonpremixed SGS mixing regimes, respectively. The bimodal SGS scalar has a structure (ramp–cliff) similar to the counter-flow model for laminar flamelets. Therefore, while the burden on mixing models to predict the well-mixed SGS scalar is expected to lessen with decreasing filter scale, the burden to predict the bimodal one is not. These SGS scalar structures can result in fluctuations of the SGS flame structure between distributed reaction zones and laminar flamelets, but for reasons different from the scalar dissipation rate fluctuations associated with the turbulence cascade. Furthermore, the bimodal SGS scalar contributes a significant amount of the scalar dissipation in the reaction zones, highlighting its importance and the need for mixing models to predict the bimodal FMDFs.
Vesicoamniotic shunt in a female fetus with the prune belly syndrome.

A 24-year-old female underwent prenatal ultrasonography at 19 weeks of gestation, which demonstrated oligohydramnios, bilateral hydronephrosis and a 9 8 5 cm. fluid-filled structure filling the abdomen. Karyotype was 46XX. Percutaneous aspiration drained 420 ml. fluid. Serial aspirations of the fetal urine revealed sodium 88 mg./dl., cloride 78 mg./dl., osmolarity 163 mOsm./l., calcium 4.2 mg./dl., 2-microglobulin 4.3 mg./l., and total protein 30 mg./dl. The mother was referred for possible fetal intervention. Evaluation confirmed bilateral hydronephrosis, a large fluid-filled structure filling the pelvis and abdomen, female external genitalia and clubbed feet. The fetus was thought to have a persistent cloaca with massive hydrocolpos. At 22 weeks of gestation a vesicoamniotic shunt was placed. Followup ultrasound showed decompression of the structure and a normal amniotic fluid volume. Serial studies documented continued decompression of this structure and normal amniotic fluid volume for the next 10 weeks. Then fluid reaccumulated in the dilated mass and amniotic fluid volumes decreased. The fetus was delivered by cesarean section at 39 weeks of gestation and was intubated for respiratory distress. Examination of the abdomen revealed a prune belly appearance. The labia majora were widely separated with a small orifice near the right labia (figs. 1 and 2). The shunt was clogged with mucus. Also noted were bilateral clubbed feet with absence of the fourth and fifth digits on the left foot. Ultrasound revealed a large, fluid-filled structure filling the pelvis, right hydronephrosis and left renal agenesis. Laparotomy demonstrated the distal colon entering the enlarged vagina. There were hemi-uteri and normal appearing fallopian tubes and ovaries. The vagina was septated and communicated with the orifice on the perineum through an atretic channel. End colostomy and vaginostomy were performed. Serum creatine reached a nadir of 0.3 ng./dl. (normal 0.1 to 0.6). The patient required prolonged mechanical ventilation and a tracheostomy was performed at age 1 month. Computerized tomography and a vaginogram confirmed a solitary right kidney, ureteral drainage into the vagina, ureteral reflux and absence of the bladder.
Hepatic venocclusive disease after bone-marrow transplantation: diagnosis with duplex sonography

Venocclusive disease of the liver is a well-known complication of bone-marrow transplantation, especially in patients who have had combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy before transplantation [1-3]. Histopathologic study shows occlusion at the terminal hepatic venules and sublobular veins and centrolobular necrosis. The major hepatic veins are not involved-a finding that distinguishes this entity from the classic Budd-Chiari syndrome. Clinical features include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, ascites, jaundice, and encephalopathy. We describe a patient who had acute reversal of portal venous flow and visceral edema, which was documented on two duplex sonograms on consecutive days.
Non-linear multivariable flight control of aircraft

Innovative design methods are needed for advanced aircraft in response to requirements towards substantial performance improvements. Functionally and operationally, the aircraft must be considered as the highly coupled non-linear multi-input multi-output system, i.e. the aerodynamics have to be mapped by non-linear differential or difference equations. To improve flying and handling qualities, to increase manœuvrability and to expand the operating envelope, an innovative optimization procedure is developed to design the constrained controllers for multi-input multi-output aircraft. In particular, a bounded control law is synthesized by employing the Hamilton-Jacobi theory, and the admissibility concept is used to study the stability of the resulting closed-loop system. The developed optimization procedure is applied to a non-linear ninth-order model of an AFTI/F-16 aircraft. A bounded controller is designed, and modelling results are presented to demonstrate the dynamic performance of the resulting closed...
Maternidad y familia en Cañas y barro y su adaptación televisiva: el caso de Rosa y Neleta

En la Espana de los anos 60—como en la decada de los 40—se recurre reiteradamente a la literatura como forma de crear producciones que reflejen la imagen ‘autentica’ de la nacion. Desde la pequena ...
Top speed holomorphic motions

Top-speed holomorphic motions on Riemann surfaces are defined and discussed. The main result here shows that for Riemann surfaces without ideal boundary curves the motion of one point moving at top...
Theory and Observation of Intrinsic Surface States on Ionic Crystals

A comprehensive theory of surface states on ionic crystals has been derived using Seitz's approach to bulk crystal energy states as a starting point. Surface ions are considered equivalent to bulk ions except for their reduced Madelung constant. The relationship of surface levels to bulk bandgap is expressed as a function of surface geometry and bulk material properties, and it is calculated using classical electrostatics for many surfaces of 46 halides, oxides, and sulfides. Symmetry arguments show that only for a checkerboard-like surface are the surface states symmetrically disposed about midgap. Numerical calculations show that one electron trap is formed from each surface cation and one hole trap for each surface anion; trap depths should be deepest for HgS, CdS, and ZnS; and for a $(11\overline{2}0)$ CdS surface the trap depths should be 0.2 to 0.4 eV, depending on the effective ionic charge assumed of 0.5 to 2.0. Intrinsic surface states were detected on the $(11\overline{2}0)$ surfaces of vapor phase grown insulating CdS single crystal platelets. Photoconductivity experiments (response time and thermally stimulated currents) indicate that these surface states function as traps for the photocarriers (electrons and holes) from the bulk.
Experiment showing a mechanical manifestation of the helicity of transport current in superconducting wires

The transport current density of the mixed state of type II wires will have the form J = z J/sub z/ + THETA J/sub THETA/ when the supercurrent exhibits a helical distribution due to the application of an external field H/sub z/. This is proved by the magnetic moment measurements of Walmsley and Timms, who observed the so-called paramagnetic component of moment M when J/sub THETA/ not equal to 0. A mechanical manifestation of the helical current was observed by combining a normal-zone propagation experiment with a capacitive technique for measuring mechanical torsion of the sample. Moreover, the torsion was observed even when H/sub z/ = 0, an effect that might be explained by the theory of Kondo and Kuroda on the helicity of transport currents in normal metals due to spiral dislocations.
Localization of Bcl-2 in the human fetal müllerian tract.

Abstract Objective: To determine if apoptosis is involved in development of the human fetal mullerian tract and regression of the uterine septum and to localize Bcl-2, a protein involved with regulating apoptosis. Design: Descriptive controlled study. Setting: Tertiary academic medical center. Patient(s): Eight human fetal uteri from 12 to 21 weeks' gestation. Intervention(s): Immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody for Bcl-2. Main Outcome Measure(s): Immunostaining. Results: Bcl-2 was localized in endometrial cells, tubal muscularis and epithelium, and myometrial edges. It was absent from the septum of 4 uteri. Conclusions: The presence of Bcl-2 suggests that development of the human fetal mullerian tract involves apoptosis. Bcl-2 may protect the fetal endometrium from apoptosis as it continues to grow. The superior, inferior, and lateral myometrium as well as the tubal epithelium and muscularis also may represent active growth zones that are protected from apoptosis. The notable absence of staining for Bcl-2 in the embryonal uterine septum may indicate lack of protection from apoptosis in this area. This finding supports our hypothesis that apoptosis may be a mechanism by which the uterine septum regresses.
The Idea of Cascadia: Emergent Transborder Regionalisms in the Pacific Northwest-Western Canada

Abstract This paper examines the binational economic and ecological region in the Pacific Northwest and western Canada known as “Cascadia.” Growing awareness of regional economic strength and ecological interdependence has stimulated various Cascadia visions and agendas aimed at diminishing the barrier effect of the Canada‐United States border. These visions vary depending on how the region is geographically constructed and the extent to which growth economies or ecosystems are valued. The paper argues that business groups and nongovernmental organizations are the key actors promoting regional ties. The nature of these linkages and cooperative processes that have evolved to sustain them are discussed. The paper concludes by assessing Cascadia as both a set of mind‐sets about the region and evolving frameworks for transnational cooperation and problem solving in the binational area.
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Relationships: A Support Group for Male Partners

Individual and group therapy modalities are common approaches to treating survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA). Survivors have identified a number of interpersonal problems that they experience with romantic partners but little is known about the partner’s perspective. Additionally, partners of abuse survivors are generally excluded from the treatment process. A short-term support group for the partners of adult survivors of sexual abuse was conducted concurrently with an Incest Resolution Group. The goal of the Partner’s Support Group was to gain greater understanding of the interpersonal relational problems as experienced by the partners, and to provide support, insight, and education regarding the impact of CSA. Clinical implications are discussed.
Modulation of CPP32 activity and induction of apoptosis in human CEM × 174 lymphocytes by heptachlor, a chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticide

Heptachlor is an organochlorine insecticide used worldwide for the control of pests both agriculturally and domestically. Its lipophilic structure allows it to bioaccumulate and pass through the food chain, exposing those who come in contact with it to its tumor promoting and possible carcinogenic effects. As a mechanism of tumor promotion, we explored the possibility of heptachlor suppressing the apoptotic process in human CEM x 174 lymphocytes. In this article, we describe the effect of heptachlor on the activity of the apoptosis protease CPP32. We show that heptachlor by itself was able to stimulate CPP32 activity at relatively high concentrations. When combined with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin, a known CPP32 activator, a dual effect was observed. Low concentrations of heptachlor (5 microM-10 microM) suppressed doxorubicin-induced CPP32 activity, and high concentrations of heptachlor (80 microM-120 microM) augmented it. We also showed that heptachlor alone at relatively high concentrations induced apoptosis-associated changes in CEM x 174 cells including high molecular weight (HMW) DNA cleavage and chromatin condensation. From these results, it appears that heptachlor has tumor promoting-like effects at lower concentrations, and at higher concentrations induces apoptosis as a mechanism of cytotoxicity.
Inhibition of the neuraminidase of paramyxoviruses by halide ions: a possible means of modulating the two activities of the HN protein.

Abstract The paramyxovirus glycoprotein HN has both hemagglutinating and neuraminidase activities. The neuraminidase activity of SV5 and several other paramyxoviruses has been found to be reversibly inhibited by chloride and other halide ions. Kinetic analyses showed that the inhibition was noncompetitive and that the effectiveness of the halides as inhibitors increased with their size. The pH optimum of the SV5 neuraminidase (4.5) was not affected by increasing concentrations of chloride. In contrast to the inhibition of neuraminidase activity, halide ions enhanced hemagglutinating activity and decreased elution from erythrocytes, and the greater the inhibition of neuraminidase the higher the hemagglutination titer. This reciprocal effect on receptor binding and receptor destruction suggests that these two opposing activities of the HN glycoprotein can be regulated by environmental conditions such as chloride concentration and pH. Thus virus attachment would be favored by the high chloride concentration and neutral pH found in the extracellular environment, and neuraminidase activity by the lower intracellular chloride concentration and pH. The present results and a review of published data suggest that the viral neuraminidase activity that is important for the release and dissemination of maturing virions is expressed before the arrival of viral glycoproteins and glycolipids at the external surface of the plasma membrane.
Collaborative interactive evolution

This paper examines the efficacy of genetic algorithms (GAs) in combining input from multiple users to control a single interactive system, such as an educational exhibit at a museum. Specifically, the idea of collaborative interactive evolution (that is, interactive evolution with input from multiple users) is introduced for this purpose. Two fitness functions are proposed to guide the collaborative interactive evolution, as well as two non-GA methods for combining user input. The usefulness and success of each of these methods is examined, and the GA is shown to be a viable means for combining user input for the control of a single interactive system.
Do the Chi-Square Test and Fisher’s Exact Test Agree in Determining Extreme for 2 × 2 Tables?

There are two common methods for statistical inference on 2 × 2 contingency tables. One is the widely taught Pearson chi-square test, which uses the well-known χ2statistic. The chi-square test is appropriate for large sample inference, and it is equivalent to the Z-test that uses the difference between the two sample proportions for the 2 × 2 case. Another method is Fisher’s exact test, which evaluates the likelihood of each table with the same marginal totals. This article mathematically justifies that these two methods for determining extreme do not completely agree with each other. Our analysis obtains one-sided and two-sided conditions under which a disagreement in determining extreme between the two tests could occur. We also address the question whether or not their discrepancy in determining extreme would make them draw different conclusions when testing homogeneity or independence. Our examination of the two tests casts light on which test should be trusted when the two tests draw different conclu...
Flux through the tetrahydrodipicolinate succinylase pathway is dispensable for L-lysine production in Corynebacterium glutamicum.

The N-succinyl-ll-diaminopimelate desuccinylase gene (dapE) in the four-step succinylase branch of the l-lysine biosynthetic pathway of Corynebacterium glutamicum was disrupted via marker-exchange mutagenesis to create a mutant strain that uses only the one-step meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase branch to overproduce lysine. This mutant strain grew and utilized glucose from minimal medium at the same rate as the parental strain. In addition, the dapE − strain produced lysine at the same rate as its parent strain. Transformation of the parental and dapE − strains with the amplified meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase gene (ddh) on a plasmid did not affect lysine production in either strain, despite an eightfold amplification of the activity of the enzyme. These results indicate that the four-step succinylase pathway is dispensable for lysine overproduction in shake-flask culture. In addition, the one-step meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenase pathway does not limit lysine flux in Corynebacterium under these conditions.
Collisions of Electrons with Hydrogen Atoms. IV. Excitation of Lyman-Alpha Radiation near Threshold

By use of improved experimental techniques, the cross section for excitation of Lyman-alpha radiation in collisions between electrons and hydrogen atoms has been remeasured. It has been determined that in the threshold region, the results reported previously were somewhat low. The remeasured energy dependence of the cross section near threshold has been found to be as the square root of the excess energy.