cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Aerial Battle in the Toledot Yeshu and Sodomy in the Late Middle Ages

AbstractThomas Ebendorfer’s fifteenth-century Latin translation of a Hebrew Toledot Yeshu text is the earliest extant Latin version to include a full narrative from the birth of Jesus to the events following the crucifixion, and predates existing Hebrew versions. After reviewing the place of Ebendorfer’s work in the textual tradition of the Toledot, the article examines carefully the work’s account of the aerial battle between Jesus and Judas, in comparison to other versions. Ebendorfer includes the detail of sexual intercourse between the two, which is absent in many later versions. In the context of a discussion of Christian and Jewish attitudes toward male–male sexual activity in the Middle Ages, the article concludes that while this detail was in Ebendorfer’s exemplar, he could have elaborated on it in a way that indicates this was a particularly Christian concern.
Comparing Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Responses in Genetically Engineered Mouse Lung Cancer Models and a Window of Opportunity Trial in Patients with Lung Cancer

Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi; vorinostat) responses were studied in murine and human lung cancer cell lines and genetically engineered mouse lung cancer models. Findings were compared with a window of opportunity trial in aerodigestive tract cancers. In human (HOP62, H522, and H23) and murine transgenic (ED-1, ED-2, LKR-13, and 393P, driven, respectively, by cyclin E, degradation-resistant cyclin E, KRAS, or KRAS/p53) lung cancer cell lines, vorinostat reduced growth, cyclin D1, and cyclin E levels, but induced p27, histone acetylation, and apoptosis. Other biomarkers also changed. Findings from transgenic murine lung cancer models were integrated with those from a window of opportunity trial that measured vorinostat pharmacodynamic responses in pre- versus posttreatment tumor biopsies. Vorinostat repressed cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression in murine transgenic lung cancers and significantly reduced lung cancers in syngeneic mice. Vorinostat also reduced cyclin D1 and cyclin E expression, but increased p27 levels in post- versus pretreatment human lung cancer biopsies. Notably, necrotic and inflammatory responses appeared in posttreatment biopsies. These depended on intratumoral HDACi levels. Therefore, HDACi treatments of murine genetically engineered lung cancer models exert similar responses (growth inhibition and changes in gene expression) as observed in lung cancer cell lines. Moreover, enhanced pharmacodynamic responses occurred in the window of opportunity trial, providing additional markers of response that can be evaluated in subsequent HDACi trials. Thus, combining murine and human HDACi trials is a strategy to translate preclinical HDACi treatment outcomes into the clinic. This study uncovered clinically tractable mechanisms to engage in future HDACi trials.
Sparse power efficient topology for wireless networks

We consider how to construct power efficient wireless ad hoc networks. We propose two different methods combining several well-known proximity graphs including the Gabriel graph and the Yao graph, which can be constructed locally and efficiently. Firstly, we combine the Gabriel structure and the Yao structure. The constructed topology has at most O(n) edges and each node has a bounded out-degree. Secondly, we use the Yao structure and then use the reverse of the Yao structure. The constructed topology is guaranteed to be connected if the original unit disk graph is connected. Every node has a bounded degree. The experimental results show that it has a bounded unicasting and broadcasting power stretch factor in practice.
Cottontails and gopherweed: Anti-feeding compounds from a spurge

Mammalian herbivores nearly never attack gopherweed, Euphorbia lathyris (Euphorbiaceae). To find the chemical principle responsible for the deterrent effect, we field-tested plant extracts in response-guided bioassays for antifeedant activity. We treated winter-dormant apple twigs with extract solutions and presented them to free-ranging eastern cottontails, Sylvilagus floridanus, at 3 different home ranges in Upstate New York during late winter. Extracts from all plant parts reduced feeding, measured as twig tips cut and amount of bark removed, but root extracts were most active. The bioassay led to isolation of putative antifeedant compounds from the root extract, a series of long-chain alkyl ferulates and gopherenediol, a new diterpenoid. Bioassay of docosanyl ferulate and gopherenediol demonstrated weak antifeedant activity. The bioassays are continuing.
Anchorage-dependent Cell Cycle Progression

The concept of anchorage-dependent growth and the close relationship between anchorage independence and tumorigenicity were first appreciated more than a quarter century ago ([9][1], [16][2], [23][3], [24][4]). Penman and his coworkers then showed that incubation of cells in the absence of
Cytosolic 5′‐nucleotidase 1A autoimmunity in sporadic inclusion body myositis

Objective We previously identified a circulating autoantibody against a 43 kDa muscle autoantigen in sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) and demonstrated the feasibility of an IBM diagnostic blood test. Here, we sought to identify the molecular target of this IBM autoantibody, understand the relationship between IBM autoimmunity and muscle degeneration, and develop an IBM blood test with high diagnostic accuracy. Methods IBM blood samples were screened using mass spectrometry and a synthetic human peptidome. Plasma and serum samples (N=200 patients) underwent immunoblotting assays, and results were correlated to clinical features. Muscle biopsy samples (n=30) were examined by immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting. Exome or whole genome sequencing was performed on DNA from 19 patients. Results Both mass spectrometry and screening of a 413,611 human peptide library spanning the entire human proteome identified cytosolic 5′-nucleotidase 1A (cN1A; NT5C1A) as the likely 43 kDa IBM autoantigen, which was then confirmed in dot blot and Western blot assays using recombinant cN1A protein. Moderate reactivity of anti-cN1A autoantibodies was 70% sensitive and 92% specific, and high reactivity was 34% sensitive and 98% specific for the diagnosis of IBM. One to 3 major cN1A immunodominant epitopes were identified. cN1A reactivity by immunohistochemistry accumulated in perinuclear regions and rimmed vacuoles in IBM muscle, localizing to areas of myonuclear degeneration. Interpretation Autoantibodies against cN1A are common in and highly specific to IBM among muscle diseases, and may provide a link between IBM's dual processes of autoimmunity and myodegeneration. Blood diagnostic testing is feasible and should improve early and reliable diagnosis of IBM. Ann Neurol 2013;73:408–418
REFERENCE TEMPERATURE METHOD FOR COMPUTING DISPLACEMENT THICKNESS.

Abstract : Computation of the boundary layer parameters with variable fluid properties is investigated in this report. In particular, calculation of boundary layer displacement thickness is studied in the cases where the variation of the temperature across the boundary layer necessitates consideration also of variation of the specific heats inside the boundary layer. This problem is of considerable significance in computation of viscous interaction effects at high Mach numbers. Since exact computation of the displacement thickness, with variable fluid properties, is extremely cumbersome, an approximate method is given here which permits evaluation of an effective specific heat and determines the displacement thickness in closed form. (Author)
Olfactory and Visual Stimuli Affecting Host Plant Detection in Homalodisca coagulata (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

The relative effects of visual and olfactory stimuli on host plant detection in immature and adult Homalodisca coagulata Say (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) were studied using a novel olfactometer and factorial experimental designs. Colored, gray, and white cards were used as visual targets. Each card was attached to a glass thistle tube from which host-plant odor (from Vigna unguiculata L.) or blank, humidified air was dispensed. Visual + odor stimuli combinations were presented in no-choice tests. Nymphs were released onto a perch stick downwind from the target. Nymph response to color + odor treatments was measured by the duration of orientation behavior, residence time on the perch, and percentage of individuals that jumped to the target. The assay was modified so that adults crawled from the perch onto the target. Adult response was measured by the duration of individual behaviors (e.g., foraging) and by their position and residence time on the target. Both main effects and interactive effects of the stimuli were observed. Nymphs showed a decrease in orientation and residence times in the colored target + host odor treatments and increased jumping response in the gray + host odor treatment. When adults were exposed to host odor, the duration of foraging behavior increased, whereas crawling and phototactic behaviors decreased. Although nymphs and adults responded to visual stimuli + blank air treatments, host odor enhanced their responses. The primary effect of host odor on host detection behavior may be to enhance H. coagulata responsiveness to visual cues.
Reflectarray antennas: An intuitive explanation of reflection phase behavior

This paper presents the concept of reflectarray in a novel way, utilizing a graphical visualization tool. This approach greatly facilitates understanding of the working of the reflectarray antenna, and provides an intuitive explanation for the reflectarray behavior. The reflectarray element is characterized in a unit cell environment (periodic) and true reflectarray environment for its reflection phase performance. By understanding the reflection phase response of the element itself in these two environments, one can gain great insight into the reflectarray reflection phase phenomenon. By analyzing and evaluating the incident, scattered, and total fields, the element behavior can be studied in detail and the overall reflectarray performance can be validated. This reflection phase approach can also be potentially used to perform diagnostic tests on reflectarrays and identify existing flaws in the design and thus help in enhancing the design of reflectarray antenna.
A study in reading comprehension improvement

As everyday computing plays an increasingly prominent role in our daily lives, user reading comprehension is of vital importance for human progress. This paper proposes to investigate the improvement of the user reading comprehension by different factors. Two main experiments tested how an explicit display of a small collection of keywords and a summary explanation aid reading comprehension. Twelve subjects were used for the first experiment and eight subjects for the second experiment. All were UIC undergraduate and graduate students, with computer experience. In the post experimentation stage, the subjects recommended different techniques for reading improvement. Comprehension was estimated by two procedures, a quantitative evaluation by a comprehension questionnaire and a qualitative evaluation by the subjective report. Important results were pointed out by the subjective evaluation. The advantages and disadvantages were summarized by a small focus group of users. A Dynamic Reading Device was designed for experimentation usage.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Biofilm Communities

Biofilms are composed of microcolonies encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Wide-ranging differences exist between the biofilm and planktonic states in growth, structure, behavior, and physiology, all of which can have profound effects on their susceptibility to antimicrobials. Other factors that can contribute to the decreased susceptibility of biofilm microorganisms to antimicrobial agents include provision of a physical barrier to antimicrobial agents by the EPS matrix, facilitation of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) of DNA trapped within the extracellular matrix, quorum sensing and stress responses resulting in the recruitment and expression of resistance determinants such as multidrug resistance efflux pumps, the presence of persister cells that survive antibiotic treatment, and metabolic heterogeneity throughout the biofilm resulting in slow growth and protection against antibiotics active on rapidly growing bacteria. While further work is needed to fully understand antimicrobial resistance in biofilm communities, including the multispecies biofilms found in root canal infections, the accumulative effects of various processes, rather than individual involvement, are likely to be important. It is clear that much remains to be learned about the critical events in the development of antimicrobial resistance in biofilm communities.
Phase separation polymerization of dicyclopentadiene characterized by in operando fluorescence microscopy.

Phase separation polymerization of dicyclopentadiene has been characterized from initiation to bulk material formation for the first time via in operando fluorescence microscopy imaging. The morphology of the precipitated polymers at early reaction stages persists in the bulk polymer after completion of the reaction. Two-fluorophore experiments revealed the mechanistic origin of the “dumbbell” morphology as physical strand aggregation/precipitation rather than chemical attachment and revealed that strand aggregation was slow and irreversible relative to precipitation. These data highlight the complementary information available through the single-particle sensitivity and in operando microscopy nature of this technique.
Diagnostic studies of temporomandibular disorders: challenges from an epidemiologic perspective.

Abstract Adequate data on the incidence, prevalence, natural history, and clinical course of temperomandibular disorders (TMD) and other chronic pain conditions are largely lacking, though the need to derive such basic data is recognized by clinicians, researchers, and public health agencies. This paper discusses challenges to the epidemiologic study of TMD diagnosis. These challenges include: • Case definition: There is currently poor agreement regarding which combinations of clinical and psychosocial findings differentially define cases of TMD • Differentiation of normal variation v pathophysiologic signs: To what extent do commonly gathered clinical measurements constitute pathophysiologic signs of TMD v reflect normal biologic variation • Reliability of clinical measurement: Factors influencing reliability of clinical signs and reliability of examiners have not been adequately assessed • Progressive v self-limiting disease activity: Do TMD subtypes represent a continuum of pathologic disease activity, or nonmutually exclusive categories describing largely symptomatic pain conditions that are selflimiting or stable. It is recommended that epidemiologic studies not be constrained by a priori definitions of TMD subtypes, but continue to gather data on clinical signs and symptoms that have theoretical and clinical relevance to mandibular dysfunction and psychosocial status. An approach is proposed for development of reliable and valid criteria of TMD subtypes suitable for epidemiologic research.
“I Want You to Wear Something for Me”: On the In Situ Measurement of Police Stress and the Potential Rewards of Channeling One’s Inner Experimentalist

It might be cliche, but I’m going to begin my essay with a popular quote: “The definition of insanity is doing something over and over again and expecting a different result.” This quote is often attributed to Albert Einstein, but also to Benjamin Franklin, Mark Twain, and many other thinkers and innovators who were far more intelligent than I am and who knew a lot more than I ever will about making scientific progress. I think the quote is appropriate here because it very succinctly summarizes how I came to find myself riding in the front seat of a patrol car late at night, chasing intoxicated drivers through the streets of Seattle, with a rather remarkable police officer who agreed to be “wired up” with a GPS-enabled heart rate monitor, while I took copious notes (Hickman, Fricas, Strom, & Pope, 2011).
Histochemical Abnormalities in Various Forms of Congenital Muscular Dystrophy

A large Australasian cohort of patients with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) was screened to determine the frequency of various forms, in a study at Children's Hospital at Westmead; the University of Sydney; University of Melbourne, Australia; and University of Nevada, Reno; and University of Illinois, Chicago.
WT Human γD Crystallin Promotes Aggregation of its Oxidation-Mimicking Mutants

Non-native protein conformers generated by mutation or chemical damage template aggregation of wild-type, undamaged polypeptides in diseases ranging from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to cancer. We tested for such interactions in the natively monomeric human eye lens protein γD-crystallin, whose aggregation leads to cataract disease. The oxidation-mimicking W42Q mutant of γD-crystallin formed non-native polymers starting from a native-like state under physiological conditions in vitro. Aggregation occurred in the temperature range 35-45 oC, in which the mutant protein began to lose the native conformation of its N-terminal domain. Surprisingly, it was wild-type γD-crystallin that promoted W42Q polymerization in a catalytic manner, even at mutant concentrations too low for homogeneous nucleation to occur. WT also downshifted the temperature range of W42Q aggregation. Aggregation required formation of a non-native internal disulfide bond in the mutant protein, which may result from a conformational rearrangement catalyzed by WT binding. Similar results were obtained for the W42R mutant, which causes congenital cataract. Monte-Carlo simulations with a knowledge-based statistical potential showed melting of specific residue contacts as a result of hydrophilic Trp substitutions. WT and W42Q populated similar early unfolding intermediates, which were able to domain-swap in two-chain simulations. The WT/W42Q heterodimer was longer-lived in silico than the W42Q/W42Q homodimer, suggesting a possible mechanism for WT-catalyzed aggregation of mutant or modified protein as oxidative damage accumulates during the course of aging.
Investing in Residential Apartment Projects

The next three chapters of the book will elaborate on characteristics specific to the “four food groups” of investment property as was defined in Chap. 1. Chap. 8 will discuss multi-family (or residential apartment) projects, Chap. 9 will discuss retail and office properties, and Chap. 10 will discuss the various types of industrial and warehouse properties. Each chapter will conclude with case studies with corresponding answer keys located on the Springer website.
Quantitative easing and asset bubbles

Expansionary monetary policy is necessary to respond to financial crises. However, if Central Bank asset purchase initiatives are too large or last too long, they can lead to explosive increases in...
Measurement, Assessment and Reward: The Challenges of Building Institutionalized Social Credit and Rating Systems in China and in the West

This short essay has two objectives. The first is to examine the challenges that social credit, ratings or assessment systems pose for effective implementation. To that end, Section II considers first the difficulties of separating the role of social credit as a set of techniques and as a means of advancing ideological principles and objectives. It then considers social credit as a project of informatics. It then examines the control element of social credit systems, and ends with a consideration of social credit as governance. To understand the shaping of law today (and soft law as well) one must understand social credit. The second is to examine some aspects of Western rating and accountability systems to consider resonances with Chinese social credit. To that end Section III considers some of the ways in which Western efforts at social credit institutions have sought to meet these challenges. It considers the context of social credit systems in the West, and its operationalization, principally in the private sphere. It examines the use of asocial credit as a technique of governance and as a means of embedding international standards in domestic behavior.
Confidence Bounds for Fatigue Distribution Functions

The effect of uncertainty is critical in the design of complex engineered systems, components, and structural materials subjected to fatigue. Uncertainty in fatigue life prediction is a combination of several factors. In fact, it cannot be eliminated from experimentation due to material and loading variability, manufacturing processing, and imprecise scientific modeling. Consequently, uncertainty must be characterized and managed. The impact of uncertainty is exacerbated especially when high reliability must be assured. One of the ways to estimate the effect of uncertainty is to consider confidence bounds for fatigue life prediction, specifically, for cumulative distribution functions associated with life. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the statistical variability and appropriately model that variability for life in fatigue using appropriate cumulative distribution functions, and subsequently, evaluate a variety of statistical methods to estimate confidence bounds. Specifically, the confidence bounds will be estimated using mean square error, Dvoretzky-Kiefer-Wolfowitz, and pointwise Normal approximation methods. Since high reliability and long life is typically desired, extra emphasis will be placed on estimation in the lower tails of the distribution functions. The ensuing analyses are based on data for a cold-rolled, low carbon, extra deep drawing steel, ASTM A969, and creep strengthened 9Cr-1Mo steel.Copyright © 2017 by ASME
Basic Statistics Tools for Continuous Improvement

(1995). Basic Statistics Tools for Continuous Improvement, Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 174-175.
Intra-rater Reliability of the ECHOWS Tool for Real-time Assessment of Physical Therapy Student Interviewing Skills: A Pilot Study

Abstract Purpose Development of patient interviewing skills are a component of all healthcare education. The physical therapist-patient interview includes some areas that are unique to the practice of physical therapy. Boissonnault et al. developed the ECHOWS tool, designed specifically to assess how effectively and efficiently the student physical therapist (SPT) performs a patient-interview, or history. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the reliability of the ECHOWS tool for use in real-time student interviews of patients at a student-run free clinic. Methods The study is a quasi-experimental design with collection of quantitative data. The subjects included twenty-two SPTs who had previously volunteered to work as student clinicians at the student-run free clinic. Results A total of twenty-two interviews included complete data, nineteen with patients with primary orthopedic diagnoses and three with patients with primary neurological diagnoses. The reliability between the ECHOWS scores for real-time patient interviews by SPTs and videotapes for the same interview, ranged from 0.78 to 0.88, demonstrating excellent intra-rater reliability. Discussion The ECHOWS tool demonstrated excellent intra-rater reliability between the assessment of real-time student–patient interactions and the assessment of videotaped interactions. This analysis is the first assessment of the tool's intra-rater reliability using real-time SPT interviews on actual patients.
Asylum Seekers in a Time of Record Forced Global Displacement: the Role of Physicians

In 2016, over 65 million individuals were displaced from their homes due to human rights abuses, and 262,000 people applied for asylum in the USA. Individuals who have experienced persecution are present in many primary and specialty clinics. A medical forensic evaluation can increase the likelihood of a successful asylum case. This paper reviews the legal framework for asylum and the contribution forensic evaluations can make to this vulnerable population. Physicians without asylum expertise can help these patients by recognizing their legal right to residential protection and referring them to lawyers and physicians with expert skills. Performing forensic examinations of asylum seekers offers physicians the opportunity to collaborate with attorneys, immigration officials, and human rights experts. Clinicians who do this work find it personally and professionally rewarding, especially when they impart their expert knowledge and skills to future clinicians by involving trainees in these evaluations. Physicians who encounter refugees or asylum seekers in their roles as providers or as preceptors should have familiarity with the field of asylum medicine to enhance the comprehensive care they deliver.
Identification System Errors

In this chapter we extend the statistical error analyses of the previous chapter to biometric identification systems. Identification systems have biometric representations of many (m) users enrolled and, when a biometric is presented to them, determine which of the enrolled biometric templates, if any, matches. Identification systems in effect try to answer the question, Who is this? Such systems base these answers on biometric data only.
Interaction Models as Alternatives to Low-Order Polynomials

One of the most popular classes of models that people fit empirically to data is the class of polynomials. One reason for this is, over limited-sized regions of interest, lower-degree polynomials (specifically, degrees 1, 2, and at most 3) have stood th..
Product and Raw Material Storage at Omnova Solutions: A Case Study

Management at Omnova Solutions, a manufacturing firm located in the southeastern United States, recently eliminated a product line. This led to the partial closing of a warehouse and created a storage problem due to relocation of finished products to the production facility. These finished products compete for storage space with raw materials used to produce the products. The goal of this research is to come up with an efficient storage plan for these items.
Spatio-temporal variations in energy loss due to traffic congestion

This paper focuses on quantifying energy loss associated with recurring and nonrecurring congestion components and understanding its spatio-temporal variations in a geospatial environment. Data gat...
Conclusion: Driving Metaphors and Myths

This chapter explores the politics and poetics of automobiles in Colonial and Postcolonial France. It considers the resurgence of automobility in recent representations of French colonization, in movies and literature, and in the remembrance of the colonies in the history of the French automobile. The conclusion unpacks a “cargo of colonial automobilities” that still fuels France’s relationship with its former colonies. Between France and Indochina, it was not only people and goods which circulated on roads and in automobiles, but also texts, images, and desires. Through narratives, automobility entered the French imaginary. This work of imagination informs contemporary thinking on colonization, facilitating unequal and literal forms of mobility in former French colonies, while precariously settling peace with a troubling past at home.
OM Forum—Healthcare Operations Management: A Snapshot of Emerging Research

A new generation of healthcare operations management (HOM) scholars is studying timely healthcare topics (e.g., organization design, design of delivery, and organ transplantation) using contemporar...
Re-switching, the average period of production and the Austrian business-cycle theory: A comment on Fratini

In a recent contribution to this journal Saverio Fratini (Review of Austrian Economics, 2019) offers a critique of our work on Austrian Capital Theory on the grounds that our conception of capital and “roundaboutness” does not appear to provide adequate support for the Austrian business-cycle theory. In this comment we explain why we think this criticism is wrong.
Community-based time segmentation from network snapshots

Community detection has proved to be extremely successful in a variety of domains. However, most of the algorithms used in practice assume networks are unchanging in time. This assumption is violated for many datasets, resulting in incorrect or misleading communities. Many different algorithms to rectify this problem have been proposed. Most of them, however, focus on community evolution rather than abrupt changes. The problem of change detection is easier than that of community evolution, and is often sufficient. Here, we propose an algorithm for determining community-based change points from network snapshots. Networks can then be aggregated between change points, and analyzed without violating assumptions. There are three network types that we have defined our algorithm for, each having a case study: static nodesets, semi-static nodesets, and dynamic nodesets. The case studies for these network types are: the Ukrainian Legislature, the Enron email network, and Twitter data from Ukraine. We empirically verify our algorithm in each case study, and compare results to two popular alternatives: Generalized Louvain and GraphScope. We show the impracticality of Generalized Louvain and that our method is less sensitive than GraphScope. Lastly, we use our first two case studies to determine optimal parameters for an anomaly-detection-based streaming method. We then demonstrate that the streaming method was capable of determining events both from data collection errors and from internal network disruptions.
Closing the Gap: Collaborating with Research Librarians to Improve Information Literacy in the Political Science Classroom

This article discusses a collaborative effort between political science faculty members and a research librarian, designed to determine whether structured library interventions with students over t...
Dissenting Statement of Commissioner Gail Heriot in the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights Report, Trauma at the Border: The Human Cost of Inhumane Immigration Policies

On October 24, 2019, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights released a report entitled "Trauma at the Border: The Human Cost of Inhumane Immigration Policies." It was intended as an update of its 2015 report, "With Liberty and Justice for All: The State of Civil Rights at Immigration Detention Facilities." This individual Dissenting Statement by Commissioner Gail Heriot was part of the 2019 report. The Dissenting Statement points out the irregularities in the way the updated report was researched and written. It also criticizes the sloppy fact-finding in the 2015 report.
Sagittal Craniosynostosis with Uncommon Anatomical Pathologies in a 56-Year-Old Male Cadaver

Sagittal craniosynostosis (CS) is a pathologic condition that results in premature fusion of the sagittal suture, restricting the transverse growth of the skull leading in some cases to elevated intracranial pressure and neurodevelopmental delay. There is still much to be learned about the etiology of CS. Here, we report a case of 56-year-old male cadaver that we describe as sagittal CS with torus palatinus being an additional anomaly. The craniotomy was unsuccessful (cephalic index, CI = 56) and resulted in abnormal vertical outgrowth of the craniotomized bone strip. The histological analysis of the latter revealed atypical, noncompensatory massive bone overproduction. Exome sequencing of DNA extracted from the cadaveric tissue specimen performed on the Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) platform yielded 81 genetic variants identified as pathologic. Nine of those variants could be directly linked to CS with five of them targeting RhoA GTPase signaling, with a potential to make it sustained in nature. The latter could trigger upregulated calvarial osteogenesis leading to premature suture fusion, skull bone thickening, and craniotomized bone strip outgrowth observed in the present case.
Effect of dopant on the morphology and electrochemical performance of Ni1-xCaxCo2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) oxide hierarchical structures

The binary metal oxides are increasingly used as supercapacitor electrode materials in energy storing devices. Particularly NiCo2O4 has shown promising electrocapacitive performance with high specific capacitance and energy density. The electrocapacitive performance of these oxides largely depends on their morphology and electrical properties governed by their energy band-gaps and defects. The morphological structure of NiCo2O4 can be altered via the synthesis route, while the energy band-gap could be altered by doping. Also, doping can enhance crystal stability and bring in grain refinement, which can further improve the much-needed surface area for high specific capacitance. Given the above, this study evaluates the electrochemical performance of Ca-doped Ni1-xCaxCo2O4 (0 = x = 0.8) compounds. This stipulates promising applications for electrodes in future supercapacitors.
The effects of hospital-physician financial integration on adverse incident rate: An agency theory perspective.

BackgroundPatient safety is an important aspect of quality of care. Physicians’ alignment with hospitals by means of financial integration may possibly help hospitals achieve their quality goals. M...
Dialogue with the Master: Early Shī‘a Encounters with Akbarīan Mysticism

Muḥy al-Dīn Ibn ‘Arabī’s theoretical mysticism has been the subject of lively discussion among Iranian Sufis since they first encountered it in the seventh century. ‘Abdul Razzāq Kāshānī was the pioneer and forerunner of the debate, followed by reading and interpreting al-Shaykh al-Akbar’s key texts, particularly Fuṣūṣ al-H{ikam (Bezels of Wisdom) by future generations of Shī‘ī scholars. Along with commentaries and glosses on his works, every element of ibn ‘Arabī’s mysticism, from his theory of the oneness of existence (waḥdat al-wujūd) to his doctrines of nubuwwa, wilāya, and khatm al-wilāya, was accepted by his Shī‘ī peers, incorporated into their context and adjusted to Shī‘a doctrinal platform. This process of internalization and amalgamation was so complete that after seven centuries, it is difficult, if not impossible, to distinguish between Ibn ‘Arabī’s theory of waḥdat al-wujūd, or his doctrines of wilāya and khatm al-wilāya and those of his Shī‘ī readers. To have a clearer picture of the philosophical and mystical activities and interests of Shī‘ī scholars in Iran under Ilkhanids (1256-1353), I examined the intellectual and historical contexts of seventh century Iran. The findings of my research are indicative of the contribution of mystics such as ‘Abdul Razzāq Kāshānī to both the school of Ibn ‘Arabī in general and of S{adr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī in particular on the one hand, and to the correlation between Sufism and Shī‘īsm on the other. What I call the ‘Shī‘ītization of Akbarīan Mysticism’ started with Kāshānī and can be regarded as a new chapter in the history of Iranian Sufism.
Abstract S11-01: Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers

Background: The COVID-19 global pandemic created significant and unprecedented disruptions in in medical care and social services. Cancer patients are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection due to their immunosuppressive state and may fare worse than others who are COVID-19 positive because of their aggressive underlying disease. While presumed to be substantial, the extent of the impact of the pandemic on cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers was unknown. Methods: Between April 23, 2020 and May 19, 2020, our urban, NCI-designated cancer center launched a “COVID and Cancer” survey for cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers. The purpose of the survey was to assess disruptions to cancer care, use and perceptions of telemedicine, access to social services and cancer support programs, and psychosocial well-being. The online survey was distributed through our cancer center’s email list for patient and survivor programming, via the electronic patient portal to patients in active treatment, and across our cancer center’s social media platforms. Descriptive statistics reported mean scores and frequencies while bivariate statistics reported differences in outcomes by respondent characteristics. The protocol and survey were approved by our Institutional Review Board. Results: In less than one month and in the height of the pandemic, 1,107 people completed the survey. After removing duplicate and incomplete responses, the final sample of 985 respondents included 377 (38%) patients in active treatment, 576 (56%) survivors, and 18 (2%) caregivers. Fifty-six percent (n=555) were female; the mean age of respondents was 63 years old (SD= 11.9). Seventy-two percent (n=705) of respondents had solid tumor cancers while some had either a heme malignancy (22%) or both (4%). Among the 688 respondents who needed cancer care during the pandemic, 294 (43%) reported disruptions in appointments, labs, or scans. Fewer ( Conclusions: Disruptions in cancer care were observed during the pandemic. Cancer patients in active treatment were more worried that resources needed for their care such as medication, transportation, and caregiver support would be impacted by the pandemic. At our cancer center, we tried to mitigate some of the survey observations by developing COVID-specific patient and caregiver support programs, partnering with local agencies to provide groceries and transportation to patients, and enhancing infrastructure to assist with telehealth appointments. Cancer center support services can overcome these barriers and ensure patient care, even in a pandemic. Citation Format: Amy Leader, Preethi Selvan, Lisa Capparella, Rebecca Cammy, Janene Palidora, Ayako Shimada, Benjamin Leiby, Gregory Garber, Brooke Worster. Assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Meeting: COVID-19 and Cancer; 2020 Jul 20-22. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(18_Suppl):Abstract nr S11-01.
Turtle biodiversity losses suggest coming sixth mass extinction

Biodiversity losses in the face of climate change are among the most important issues facing humanity today. Vertebrate extinction is at an all-time high, and losses of reptiles are no exception. The turtles are a unique vertebrate group of grave conservation concern. I compared recent declines in turtle biodiversity to the losses of Testudinata (Cryptodira + Pleurodira) and non-dinosaurian reptiles during the most recent mass extinction. Fuzzy arithmetic was used because of its suitability to deal with uncertainty in these kinds of data sets and the questions that arise with comparing geological data with those from recent times. This revealed that extinctions of turtles in modern times massively exceed losses observed at the Cretaceous–Paleogene border. Further, if turtle extinctions continued at their current level, massive losses of these charismatic animals could occur within our lifetime and loss of the entire group could occur in just a few centuries. We must ask ourselves, how much more can we lose before we also disappear.
Clinical outcomes of combination versus monotherapy for gram negative non-HACEK infective endocarditis.

Abstract The objective of this single-center, retrospective cohort study was to identify whether combination therapy is associated with a lower rate of adverse outcomes for the treatment of Gram negative non-HACEK IE. The primary endpoint was a composite of 60-day all-cause mortality, readmission, or recurrence of bacteremia. Of the 60 patients included, 56.7% met the primary composite outcome, with 20% overall mortality at 60 days. There was no difference in the primary composite outcome of 60-day readmission, infection recurrence or mortality between groups, with 62% of patients in the monotherapy group and 50% of patients in the combination therapy group experiencing the composite outcome (P = 0.36). Despite the high mortality and complicated nature of non-HACEK Gram negative IE, this study showed no difference in 60-day bacteremia recurrence, readmission or mortality among patients treated with combination therapy or monotherapy, suggesting that monotherapy may lead to similar clinical outcomes.
Activation of Rat Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase by Copper

Red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity levels have been used to assess human copper status1,2. Initially, there was concern that these values may not accurately reflect the progress of copper repletion of people previously in poor copper status. This concern arose because red cell proteins do not undergo the usual turnover and synthesis processes3. A preexisting copper-free SOD apoprotein will not necessarily bind copper newly introduced into the body. Such is the case for rat serum ceruloplasmin which will only incorporate copper before secretion by the liver4. For these reasons, administration of copper to people in poor copper status might not be expected to quickly raise erythrocyte Cu-Zn SOD activity contents to copper adequate values. Possibly, a new red cell population would have to be generated. However, in practice, copper repletion restores human red cell SOD activities faster than could be accounted by normal production of new red cells with normal SOD activities1,2. The present study used rats to elucidate the mechanisms by which copper repletion increases erythrocyte SOD activities.
Reflective Self-Awareness

AbstractThe theme of this edition of the Journal of Experimental Education is “new perspectives” on motivation. As understood in this article, new perspectives means synthesis and new understanding of old ideas about motivation rather than outright abandonment of accepted thinking. This article has both a theoretical and an empirical objective: First, and theoretically, a new conceptual model of self-regulation, reflective intentionality, in which motivation to act is based heavily on one’s conception of self and on higher order processes—specifically reflective self-awareness, emotion, and volition—is described. Second, findings are presented from a study that represents the seminal stages of a program of research to validate the proposed model. The findings tentatively suggest the value of a process-content view of motivation. According to this view, motivation can be understood as being a self-determining process emanating out of the ongoing self-regulatory interaction among self as process (i.e., leve...
OTFACT: Multi-level performance-oriented software with an assistive technology outcomes assessment protocol

OTFACT is a software-based data collection system that implements several unique strategies for measuring assistive technology outcomes. The software uses adaptive questioning to focus on the particular needs of the individual. The computer also creates an efficient data collection platform that makes it practical to use a longer question set to optimise reliability. A functional outcomes theory grounds OTFACT, producing a multi-level question domain similar to the WHO and other global taxonomies. Studies of the reliability and validity of OTFACT have extended beyond the instrument itself to address scaling issues created by the dynamic implementation of questions. Among its scaling features, OTFACT uses a 0-100 percent function scale that normalizes individual scores to a standard criterion-based range. OTFACT includes a feature for comparing the differential functional performance of individuals when they use AT.
Racial Bias and Prosocial Behavior

The ways in which people exhibit racially biased attitudes are complex. For instance, social scientists differentiate between explicit bias, or bias that is obvious and conscious, and implicit bias, or bias that is to a degree uncontrollable. Many studies focus on how these forms of racial bias relate to discrimination, however, a growing body of research indicates that racial bias can also relate to prosocial behavior. This paper discusses how social scientists measure different forms of racial bias, as well as the effects of racial bias on prosocial behaviors.
Parallel Optimal Weighted Links

In this paper we consider parallel algorithms for computing an optimal link among weighted regions in the 2-dimensional (2-D) space. The weighted regions optimal link problem arises in several areas, such as geographic information systems (GIS), radiation therapy, geological exploration, environmental engineering and military applications. We present a CREW PRAM parallel algorithm and a coarse-grain parallel computer algorithm. Given a weighted subdivision with a total of n vertices, the work of the parallel algorithms we propose is only a O(log n) factor more than that of their (optimal) sequential counterparts.
An ‘Austrian’ Economist's Perspective on Transitional Political Economy

In 1989, most economists thought the problem of transition was one of allowing prices to float to market clearing levels. After all one of the most observable problems throughout the former socialist economies was the existence of pervasive shortages. Indeed prices did need to be freed up. But we learned in the process that free pricing required a network of institutional reforms to define and enforce private property rights and secure the freedom of contract. By the mid-1990s economic attention had moved away from the macroeconomic stabilization, privatization and price liberalization agenda to a broader notion of institutional reform. Since that time, political economists have also learned that discussion of institutional reform is incomplete unless we can talk meaningfully about cultural attitudes and beliefs. There is no doubt that perhaps the most important advice an economist (of any stripe) can provide to a reforming government is to stress how much incentives matter. But we do not adequately understand incentive mechanisms unless we also understand how individuals within a specific context attribute social meaning to the incentives they face. Thus, we economists are faced with a dilemma at the beginning of the 21st century that was widely recognized in the 19th century - to do good economics one must study the interaction of the economy, polity, and society and that nothing is as dangerous as an economists who attempts to pro-offer advice based on a study of the economy isolated from all other factors.
Gender, Illness, and Social Construction

Interactions between individuals and powerful institutions in society contribute to the social construction of gender and illness. A social construct is a collective/agreed-upon meaning or belief about a particular phenomenon in society. This entry will discuss how collectively held beliefs affect gendered health disparities, how the body is shaped, how illness is experienced and the practice of medicine. Keywords: biomedical model; gender; illness; social construction; social constructionism
Conviction seeking efficacy: Sustainable agriculture and the politics of co-optation

Proponents of sustainable agriculture seek deeply rooted social changes, but to advance this agenda requires political credibility and work with diverse partners. Asthe literature on political co-optation makesclear, the tension between conviction andcredibility is persistent and unavoidable; nota problem to be solved so much as a built-incondition of movement politics. Drawing on acase history of California's largestsustainable agriculture organization, astructural assessment is made of the strategicchoices facing movement leaders, organizationaltensions that accompany these choices, andperceived gains and losses. The case historydemonstrates how movement leaders craft middlerange strategies that adapt to politicalcircumstances while retaining attachments tocore values and constituencies. Thesestrategies are ripe with tradeoffs, placingdemands on leaders who must implement them in aspirit that sustains organizational vitalitywhile broadening political and social impact.But they also enlarge the democraticsensibilities of movement leaders, increasingtheir ability to listen, learn, and forgealliances based on shared goals rather thansimilar motives.