cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The FXR2P low complexity domain drives assembly of multiple fibril types with differing ribosome association in neurons

RNA binding proteins (RBPs) typically function in higher order assemblages to regulate RNA localization and translation. The Fragile X homolog FXR2P is an RBP essential for formation of Fragile X granules, which associate with axonal mRNA and ribosomes in the intact brain. Here we performed an unbiased EGFP insertional mutagenesis screen to probe for FXR2P domains important for assembly into higher order structural states in neurons. Fifteen of the 18 unique in-frame FXR2PEGFP fusions tested formed cytosolic granules. However, EGFP insertion within a 23 amino acid region of the low complexity (LC) domain induced formation of distinct FXR2PEGFP fibrils (A and B) that were found in isolation or assembled into highly ordered bundles. Type A and B complexes exhibited different developmental timelines, ultrastructure and ribosome association with ribosomes absent from bundled Type B fibrils. The formation of both fibril types was dependent on an intact RNA binding domain. We conclude that formation of these higher order FXR2P assemblages with alternative structural and compositional states in neurons requires collaboration between the LC and RNA binding domains.
The role of pepsin in epithelia-mesenchymal transition in idiopathic subglottic stenosis.

Objectives Idiopathic subglottic stenosis (iSGS) is commonly characterized by laryngeal fibrosis thought to arise by epithelia-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induced by chronic inflammation. Pepsin is a potent inducer of inflammation in the airways during chronic laryngopharyngeal reflux and has been observed in the subglottic mucosa of patients with iSGS, absent in normal mucosa. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of pepsin on mechanisms of EMT in laryngeal cells with implications for iSGS. Study design In vitro translational research study. Methods Human laryngeal epithelial cell cultures were exposed to 0.1 mg/mL or 1.0 mg/mL pepsin at pH7 for 24 and 48 hours, or media pH5 ± 0.1 mg/mL pepsin for 10 minutes and harvested after 24 and 48 hours. EMT marker expression was measured by qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Wound-healing scratch assay was performed on immortalized human vocal fold fibroblasts pretreated with media pH5 ± 0.1 mg/mL pepsin (10 minutes) or continuously treated with media pH7 ± 0.1 to 1 mg/mL pepsin for 24 hours. Results Pepsin yielded no effect on MMP1, MMP9, FN1, COL1A1, HAS2, or CDH1 gene expression or matrix metalloproteinase-9 or fibronectin protein expression, either alone or in the presence of weak acid. Pepsin and/or acid produced no effect on fibroblast migration. Conclusion Whereas pepsin has been shown to be present in the subglottic mucosa of patients with iSGS, this in vitro acute exposure investigation does not provide evidence of a direct causal role for development of fibrosis in subglottic epithelial cell cultures. Levels of evidence NA. Laryngoscope, 130:154-158, 2020.
Relative influences of information structure and utterance-final position on the prosodic implementation of nuclear pitch accents

The phonological and phonetic realization of a nuclear pitch accent has been claimed to reflect aspects of its information structure (IS). As the rightmost accented word in an intonational phrase, the nuclear pitch accent often co-occurs with utterance-final position, which in American English, is often cued by prosodic means such as creaky voice and domain-final lengthening. The present study investigated the relative influence of IS and utterance-final position on the prosodic implementation of words in nuclear position. The IS of an object noun phrase occurring in nuclear position was manipulated to be given, accessible, new, or contrastive relative to a parallel object noun in the preceding sentence. The critical object noun occurred in utterance-final position in experiment 1 and in non-final position and preceding a semantically vacuous syntactic phrase in experiment 2 (e.g., “that was there,” “for it"). Given that contrastive information significantly influenced the prosodic implementation of the object noun in both experiments with respective reduction and enhancement effects, but utterance-final position nevertheless regulated the particular phonetic instantiation. While IS modulated the degree of creakiness, duration, and intensity in final position, IS conditions in non-final nuclear position modulated the type of f0 contour and duration.
Magnetic resonance imaging findings in Parinaud's syndrome: comparing pineal mass findings to other etiologies

Abstract Purpose In a recent study, it was found that, although intrinsic midbrain signal abnormality (IMSA) on MRI is associated with Parinaud's syndrome (PS) in patients with pineal gland masses (PM), it had no predictive value with respect to resolution of PS. We sought to compare the PM and non-pineal etiologies (NPE) of PS by reviewing imaging features of PS and whether or not they are predictive of resolution of symptoms. Methods We reviewed electronic medical records from 1980 to 2017 and identified 71 patients with PS from any etiology who had MR imaging: 26 with PM and 45 with NPE. We subdivided the 45 NPE patients into those with intrinsic midbrain lesions (IMBL) (n = 23) and those with extrinsic midbrain lesions (EMBL) (n = 22). PS resolution and hydrocephalus data were collected. Imaging studies were reviewed for the presence of IMSA and hydrocephalus. Results PS patients with EMBL were less likely to have IMSA than those with PM or IMBL (p ≤0.001). PS resolution occurred more commonly with PM than IMBL and NPE (p = 0.03, p = 0.01). For all NPE patients, resolution of PS occurred with equal frequency in patients with and without IMSA (p = 1.00). Hydrocephalus occurred more frequently in patients with PM and EMBL than IMBL (p = 0.01, p = 0.03). Conclusions IMSA is present more often in patients with PS from PM or IMBL than in patients with EMBL. EMBL, including PM, have an increased likelihood for PS resolution. There is no predictive value of IMSA with respect to resolution of PS in NPE as well as PM.
Poetics of the Elsewhere Notes on Peter Sloterdijk and the Question of Utopia

The paper explores the question of utopia in the work of Peter Sloterdijk from a narratological and meta-poetic perspective. The analysis focuses on a new text by the German thinker, published in 2018 as an afterword to the German edition of Thomas More’s Utopia, translated from the original Latin by Jacques Laager. In the paper I will present the text, contextualizing it in the complexity of Sloterdijk’s work. I will examine some of its thematical and stylistic features, which disclose the in-terplay between storytelling, space, and writing in the construction processes of the concepts of sub-jectivity, otherness, and community. Moreover, such an interplay allows to read the space of writing as a place of meta-reflection through which the author, by rethinking and rewriting the (hi)story of mankind from different conceptual prisms, rethinks and rereads also the peregrination of a new philosophical subject in the landscape of writing.
Working moms: Motherhood penalty or motherhood return?

Abstract Among many professions, the gender wage gap is a very real and pertinent concern. Research has shown that this gap can be explained in part by the motherhood penalty, which consists of costs associated with the demands of motherhood in professional life. Using a sample of 808 female professional academic librarians, we investigated the motherhood penalty by examining differences between mothers (n = 343) and non-mothers (n = 465). Within this sample, we found that there were no penalties for mothers compared to non-mothers in regard to salary, position, and perceived well-being. Implications and avenues for future research are offered.
Pathways and Outcomes of Rural Students in Engineering

This full paper aims to investigate students’ academic outcomes based on their rurality classification. Despite the large number of studies investigating students’ demographics across engineering disciplines, few studies consider how rurality - coming from a rural area - influences students’ academic performance. This study also aims to study the variety of demographic variables and pre-college characteristics including home zip code at matriculation as a proxy for point of origin among engineering undergraduate students. Moreover, this study investigates the effects of these characteristics, on undergraduate students’ likelihood of graduation and academic success across seven institutions.This is a quantitative study using a longitudinal data from multiple institutions. Students’ home zip code is used to classify students to four rurality classifications using the urban-centric locale codes defined by U.S. Census Bureau. The study applies a logit regression on a dataset that includes 30,763 students to investigate the likelihood of graduation of engineering undergraduate students from seven institution. The study then applies an ordinary least squares linear regression model to a subset of 21,311 students who managed to graduate from the same institutions to investigate students’ graduation GPA as a proxy of student success based on students’ rurality classification. This study also analysis the results disaggregating students based on their institutions. Although the result show that there are different patterns among institutions, but generally, rural students seem at a disadvantage for both GPA and graduation at most institutions.
5 – Turbulent Flow

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of turbulent flow. Two convective heat transfer processes were studied, and developed analytical solutions for the temperature field that allowed calculating inter-phase heat transfer rates. Comparison of these calculations with experimental results indicated that the analysis was reasonably successful; however, there were two situations for which the heat transfer rate could not be accurately calculated. For both forced-and free-convection, the boundary layer equations are not valid for sufficiently short plates, and one would have to solve the more general form of the transport equations to accurately determine the temperature field. The transport equations take on an exceedingly complex form for turbulent flow, and under such conditions an engineer must resort to the use of experimental results to determine inter-phase heat transfer rates. This chapter reviews the time-averaged form of the transport equations, conceding immediately that the detailed time history of the velocity and temperature fields is beyond grasp.
Spoof plasmonic Brewster angle transmission for broadband electromagnetic energy squeezing in the microwave regime

We demonstrate through numerical experiments and analytical calculations that extreme subwavelength gaps between two corrugated surfaces support high effective refractive index guided modes. The corrugated gap mode is of low loss because it does not rely on plasmonic currents induced inside a metal. This enables guided modes with a much higher effective refractive index than is possible in natural plasmonic materials. These high-index guided modes are incorporated as periodic slots in an opaque screen, which is then shown to support broadband highly transmitting modes at a certain oblique incidence angle in addition to the usual Fabry–Perot resonances. This anomalously high transmission is the extension of the plasmonic Brewster angle to arbitrarily low frequency, controlled by the geometry of the corrugated slots. We demonstrate the preservation of the shape of a broadband low-frequency pulse transmitted through the slotted screen, opening up the possibility to use the structure for broadband energy squeezing applications in the GHz to THz regime.
Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Abstract Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is one of the most common procedures performed by orthopaedic surgeons. The procedure has improved significantly since its inception in 1900 and continues to be intensively studied with outcomes receiving considerable attention. Traditional ACL reconstruction techniques have focused on one portion of the ACL—the anteromedial bundle. Single-bundle ACL reconstruction is the criterion standard and has provided good to excellent results, with many athletes being able to return to sports; however, recently, some authors have noted persistent instability with functional testing and degenerative radiographic changes after single-bundle ACL reconstruction. As a result, several centers have attempted to improve upon the single-bundle technique by reconstructing both the anteromedial and posterolateral bundles of the ACL. This article will present the embryologic, anatomic, and biomechanical rationale for double-bundle ACL reconstruction. In addition, the latest outcomes of double-bundle ACL reconstruction will be presented.
A model for graduate nursing faculty teaching workload

Abstract Background No one nursing faculty workload formula can be applied to every nursing program, but disseminating how workload formulas and policies are developed can guide programs in the development of their own policies. Problem There is a scarcity of literature delineating workload models in nursing education, and, more specifically, in graduate nursing education. Approach Creating a faculty teaching workload policy is a team effort involving both faculty and administrators. After reviewing available literature and several workload policies from university websites, a formula was trialed and revised. Its faculty teaching workload formula has components of many teaching responsibilities unique to nursing: clinical supervision, clinical coordination, academic advising, variance based on class size, etc. In addition, it presents a model for co-teaching workload units that may enrich student learning and faculty satisfaction. Outcomes The success of this endeavor to date has been open faculty dialogue, common faculty goals, and a solid institutional vision.
A novel thermostable beetle luciferase based cytotoxicity assay.

Cytotoxicity assays are essential for the testing and development of novel immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer. We recently described a novel cytotoxicity assay, termed the Matador assay, which was based on marine luciferases and their engineered derivatives. In this study, we describe the development of a new cytotoxicity assay termed ‘Matador-Glo assay’ which takes advantage of a thermostable variant of Click Beetle Luciferase (Luc146-1H2). Matador-Glo assay utilizes Luc146-1H2 and D-luciferin as the luciferase-substrate pair for luminescence detection. The assay involves ectopic over-expression of Luc146-1H2 in the cytosol of target cells of interest. Upon damage to the membrane integrity, the Luc146-1H2 is either released from the dead and dying cells or its activity is preferentially measured in dead and dying cells. We demonstrate that this assay is simple, fast, specific, sensitive, cost-efficient, and not labor-intensive. We further demonstrate that the Matador-Glo assay can be combined with the marine luciferase-based Matador assay to develop a dual luciferase assay for cell death detection. Finally, we demonstrate that the Luc146-1H2 expressing target cells can also be used for in vivo bioluminescence imaging applications.
The collaborative efforts of a multidisciplinary community-based team to address victims of commercial sexual exploitation.

OBJECTIVE This study explored the perceptions of members of a multidisciplinary team (MDT) when working with victims of commercial sexual exploitation. METHOD Sixteen members of a state-mandated MDT, representing various professions, were individually interviewed to gain their perspective on the functioning of the MDT, including challenges and strengths. RESULTS Members of the MDT held basically positive perceptions of the process and reported a sense of teamwork. They emphasized ways in which multiple disciplines are needed to best provide for these victims. CONCLUSION Results provide support for the role of MDTs in handling cases of commercial sexual exploitation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Abstract Positron emission tomography–magnetic resonance (PET-MR) technology combines two of the most versatile noninvasive quantitative tools for molecular and functional imaging. Over the past decade, there has been significant technical advancement enabling the realization and deployment of simultaneous PET-MR systems and subsequent extensive experience in neuroimaging, oncological imaging, and multiple other clinical and investigational applications in several academic centers throughout the world. In this chapter, we discuss the synergy between the two modalities, technical considerations, strengths, and limitations specific to PET-MR in instrumentation, image reconstruction (including attenuation and motion correction), workflow, and diagnostic applications.
Pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy-the Anesthesiologist's perspective

Abstract Modern treatment of pulmonary hypertension has reduced morbidity and mortality associated with this condition and has also improved the quality of life of women with pulmonary hypertension [1]. Pregnancy in women with pulmonary hypertension continues to present unique challenges. Pulmonary hypertension is classified as a modified World Health Organization class IV lesion and women with pulmonary hypertension are advised against pregnancy. Should pregnancy occur in a woman with pulmonary hypertension, and multi-disciplinary approach by the Pregnancy Heart Team is required for peripartum and postpartum care.
Program verification, defeasible reasoning, and two views of computer science

The current debate over the limits of program verification (Fetzer, 1988; Letters, 1989; Technical, 1989; Fetzer et al., 1990) seems to have its roots in an apparent fundamental philosophical difference concerning the methods and goals of computer science. On the one hand, there is the view that computer science is, as its name implies, a science, but more importantly, an empirical science in the sense which de-emphasizes pure mathematics or logic. This sense is meant to cover all and only those experimental disciplines included in the ‘natural’ and ‘social’ sciences. This view is expounded implicitly and explicitly in many current standard computer science texts, for example, by Thomas L. Naps et al.: Perhaps nothing is as intrinsic to the scientific method as the formulation and testing of hypotheses to explain phenomena. This same process plays an integral role in the way computer scientists work. [Naps et al. (1989) p. 5] This view is also exemplified by the curricula and attitudes of many current academic computer science departments, in which computer science is put forth as the science of problem solving using computers, and not as ‘mere computer programming’.
Clinical Examination of the Optic Nerve

This edition highlights the importance of the clinical exam findings with new research papers, stimulating the reader as they read the text. It also brings new pictures, tables, and figures to simplify and expedite understanding, as well as to simplify the exam comprehension. The chapter objective is to (1) explain the anatomy of the structures related to the optic disc, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), optic disc, intralaminar part of the optic nerve, retrobulbar optic nerve, and the normal optic disc; (2) examine the optic disc and surrounding area, direct ophthalmoscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, optic disc photography, RNFL examination, RNFL, and optic disc analyzers; (3) evaluate and monitor the optic disc, 5 R’s rule, DDLS, and important optic disc characteristics; (4) other structural changes; and (5) differential diagnosis.
SIMULATION, BOOTSTRAP STATISTICAL METHODS, AND PERMUTATION TESTS

This chapter discusses statistical inference techniques of the bootstrap statistical methods and the permutation tests. They are nonparametric procedures as they make no specific assumptions about the form of any underlying probability distributions. Bootstrap methods enable to measure the efficacy of an estimator of a parameter, while permutation tests yield new ways to test certain statistical hypotheses. They require a large amount of computation in their implementation. The probabilities can be obtained by simulation and utilize simulation in these statistical inference approaches. Random numbers can be used to generate random permutations, random subsets, and are the keys to a simulation. The chapter also presents the Monte Carlo simulation method for approximating expectations, method of bootstrap statistics, and show the analysis done by applying the Monte Carlos simulation method. Random numbers can be used to generate the values of arbitrarily distributed discrete and continuous random variables. The chapter also discusses the permutation tests to determine a sequence of data from a single population distribution.
Distributed torsion angle grid search in high dimensions: A systematic approach to NMR structure determination

Two complementary approaches for systematic search in torsion angle space are described for the generation of all conformations of polypeptides which satisfy experimental NMR restraints, hard-sphere van der Waals radii, and rigid covalent geometry. The first procedure is based on a recursive, tree search algorithm for the examination of linear chains of torsion angles, and uses a novel treatment to propagate the search results to neighboring regions so that the structural consequences of the restraints are fully realized. The second procedure is based on a binary combination of torsion vector spaces for connected submolecules, and produces intermediate results in Cartesian space for a more robust restraint analysis. Restraints for NMR applications include bounds on torsion angles and internuclear distances, including relational and degenerate restraints involving equivalent and nonstereoassigned protons. To illustrate these methods, conformation search results are given for the tetrapeptide APGA restrained to an idealized β-turn conformation, an alanine octapeptide restrained to a right-handed helical conformation, and the structured region of the peptide SYPFDV.
Electrodes as Electron Acceptors, and the Bacteria Who Love Them

When Faraday wanted to explain the forces of nature, he chose the example of a candle. The disappearance of paraffin and production of water was visible in any laboratory or lecture hall (Faraday 1988). However, when the topic turned to electricity, Faraday questioned his ability to provide a tangible example, saying, “I wonder whether we shall be too deep to-day or not”. Electron movement clearly is a less obvious phenomenon, something that occurs invisibly between molecules, within the candle flame, or at the moment a glass rod is rubbed with wool (Faraday 2000).
Automatic program synthesis from example problems

Desired algorithms to be synthesized are described implicitly by example problems that the algorithms should solve. The example problems are first solved by the problem-solver LAWALY. The obtained solution represents a trace of the desired algorithm. From the trace, the algorithm is synthesized by the synthesizer SYN. SYN writes recursive programs with repeat statements, and generates its own subroutines. Examples of functions synthesized include repetitive robot tasks and tree traversal algorithms
Can large core optical fiber links compete for desktop access

To achieve significant penetration into desktop LANs, fiber optic links must be cost competitive with copper and provide a better upgrade path. The performance limits of larger core optical fiber links are compared with silica multimode fiber links for 850 nm and 650 nm link technologies. >
THE MANY DEATHS OF DR. EMILE MAUCHAMP: MEDICINE, TECHNOLOGY, AND POPULAR POLITICS IN PRE-PROTECTORATE MOROCCO, 1877–1912

On 19 March 1907, a doctor of the French government, Emile Mauchamp, was beaten to death by a Moroccan mob outside his clinic in the city of Marrakech. The French colonial lobby used this brutal murder to justify invading the Moroccan city of Oujda in 1907 and, eventually, to add Morocco to the colonial empire as a French protectorate in 1912. At Mauchamp's funeral, the minister of foreign affairs eulogized the doctor as a martyr to the barbarous Muslim hatred of civilization. In his (posthumous) study of Moroccan medical practice, La Sorcellerie au Maroc , Mauchamp wrote of Moroccan medicine as “sorcery” and the antithesis of rational science. However, Mauchamp's demise was neither an Islamic rejection of Western science nor an incidental death. Mauchamp's murder was a political event, an act of popular Moroccan defiance against Sultan Abd al- Aziz and anger at his impotence before the European powers. In the Moroccan political imagination, Mauchamp came to embody internal and external threats to the body politic and was made to suffer “many deaths”—for a crumbling Moroccan state, for foreign influence, and for social and economic crisis in Morocco.
Color processing in macaque striate cortex: relationships to ocular dominance, cytochrome oxidase, and orientation.

We located clusters of color-selective neurons in macaque striate cortex, as mapped with optical imaging and confirmed with electrophysiological recordings. By comparing responses to an equiluminan...
Articulating Value: Building a Culture of Assessment in Special Collections

89 In our fast-paced, InformatIon-rIch world, special collections increasingly are looked to as a rich supply of unique, rare, and primary sources from which new knowledge, dynamic discovery, and intense learning experience can be generated. We attribute assumed value to these materials because they are rare, unique, and distinctive. Yet we increasingly face management environments in which long-held assumptions and practices are being challenged. We can no longer simply assume value. Instead, we must demonstrate impact.
Examining type I error and power for detection of differential item and testlet functioning

In this study, the effectiveness of detection of differential item functioning (DIF) and testlet DIF using SIBTEST and Poly-SIBTEST were examined in tests composed of testlets. An example using data from a reading comprehension test showed that results from SIBTEST and Poly-SIBTEST were not completely consistent in the detection of DIF and testlet DIF. Results from a simulation study indicated that SIBTEST appeared to maintain type I error control for most conditions, except in some instances in which the magnitude of simulated DIF tended to increase. This same pattern was present for the Poly-SIBTEST results, although Poly-SIBTEST demonstrated markedly less control of type I errors. Type I error control with Poly-SIBTEST was lower for those conditions for which the ability was unmatched to test difficulty. The power results for SIBTEST were not adversely affected, when the size and percent of simulated DIF increased. Although Poly-SIBTEST failed to control type I errors in over 85% of the conditions simulated, in those conditions for which type I error control was maintained, Poly-SIBTEST demonstrated higher power than SIBTEST.
The n-loop expansion of the Reggeon calculus

Abstract We apply the technique known in solid state physics as the n-loop expansion to calculate the critical indices of the φ3 Gribov Reggeon calculus directly in two transverse dimensions. Infrared pathologies of the massless theory require the calculation to be done in the infinite momentum limit of the massive theory. For n = 1 the results are close to those of the e-expansion in O(e). For n = 2 the β function has no zero, analogously to the case in solid state physics. Use of a Pade approximant for β yields σtot ≈ (1n s)0.27 at infinity, close to the O(e2) result.
Model of a sparse encoding neuron

Neurons as Time Encoding Machines (TEMs) have been proposed to capture the information present in sensory stimuli and to encode it into spike trains [1]. These neurons, however, produce spikes at firing rates above Nyquist, which is usually much higher than the amount of information actually present in stimuli. We propose a low-rate neuron which exploits the sparsity or compressibility present in natural signals to produce spikes at a firing rate proportional to the amount of information present in the signal rather than its duration. We consider the IAF (Integrate-and-Fire) neuron circuit as presented in [1], provide appropriate modifications to convert it into a low-rate encoder and develop an algorithm for reconstructing the input stimulus using Compressive Sampling (CS) techniques. The class of input signals is assumed to be a mixture of periodic waveforms, consistent with the brain mechanism of generating and entraining oscillations at multiple frequencies (S in number) simultaneously. The LowRate IAF neuron circuit uses fixed thresholds (δ) as opposed to random thresholds used in [1]. The randomness in inter-spike-interval exhibited in spike trains is produced by an additional component that switches off the IAF circuit (mimicking the “absolute refractory” period) for a random amount of time (with mean μ) after each spike (see figure ​figure1A).1A). We compare the performance of our LowRate neuron firing at spike-rate K (which is determined by the parameters δ and μ) with IAF neurons in [1] operating at and above Nyquist rate N (>K). Because we inject additive white Gaussian noise into the input signal, we use the traditional measure of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as our performance metric. The recovery method developed is a greedy pursuit algorithm similar to the one described in [2]. Figure ​Figure1B1B plots the mean output SNR vs. input SNR for a signal with S = 10 frequencies and sparse-encoding ratio K/N = 0.3052. The LowRate IAF neuron (even when operating at about one third the Nyquist rate in this example) outperforms the IAF neurons operating at and above Nyquist rates. Figure ​Figure1C1C (for signals with S = 60) demonstrates that an increase in sparse-encoding ratio K/N improves the performance of LowRate IAF neuron. We are currently extending this methodology to signals sparse in other domains as well. Figure 1 CS IAF neuron A) circuit; output SNR vs. input SNR for B) signals with S = 10 C) signals with S = 60.
Abstract 5652: Cytoplasmic expression of estrogen receptors in breast cancers

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Nuclear expression of estrogen receptor(ER)-A has been used as the prognostic and therapeutic marker for breast cancer. However, ER cytoplasmic expression (CyE) has not gained such support for its contribution to estrogenic response and clinical significance. Membrane ER or unliganded cytoplasmic hormone receptors may represent non-genomic actions of ER or subcellular dislocation during malignant transformation due to inappropriate /dysfunctional trafficking of transcription factors and cofactors. Here, we tested CyE of ERs in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cell lines (BCC) to further define its role. Design; Tissue microarray sections of 271 cancers, 45 normals, 62 benign proliferative disease (BPD) of breast tissues and 11 BCC (MCF-7, T-47D, ZR-75, MB-361,MB 468, BT 474, MB-453, SK-BR-3,MB-231, Hs578T, BT-549) were tested by immunohistochemistry for the expression of ER-A (ID5, Dako), 5 different clones of ER-B (AR385-5R, Biogenex; PPG5/10, Dako;Ab288/14C8, ABCAM; EMR02, Novacastra; 57/3, AbD Serotec), Her-2 (HercepTest, Dako), Ki-67, AIB-1 (Clone 34, BD), TIF-2 (Clone 29, BD). Non-specific protein and peptide antigen were blocked by using serum block (Dako, CA) and peptides, respectively. Over 5% positive nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in each tissue core was considered positive. Results: ER-A-CyE was noted in 9.0% (27/271) of breast cancers; 6 were ER-A-/Her-2+, and 3 were ER-A+/Her-2+. One BCC, BT474 with ER-A+/Her-2+ showed ERA-CyE. ER-B-CyE was noted in 29.1 % (81/271) of cancers and 4 of 11 BCC. CyE of 5 ER-B clones were consistent expression in each breast tissue and BCC. The staining of ER-B-CyE in BCC showed diffuse, membranous or dotted appearance. In breast cancer, that of ER-B-CyE was diffuse and was prominent in high grade cancer with desmoplastic reaction and heavy lymphocytic infiltration. ER-B-CyE was noted in 47.0 % (47/100) of stage IV cancer including recurrent and tamoxifen resistant cancers, and 19.2 0% (33/171) stage I to III cancers. ER-B-CyE was associated with over expression of Her-2 in 22.2% (18/81), Ki-67 in 23.4% (19/81), TIF-2 in 46.5% (38/81) and AIB-1 in 21.0% (17/81). Only cytoplasmic ER-A and ER-B in breast cancer was noted in 3.3% (9/271) and in 8.4% (23/271), respectively. CyE levels in normals and BPD tissues were insignificant. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the potential significance of cytoplasmic ER, particularly ER-B. Proteins translated from single and multiple exon deletion variant transcripts which lack nuclear localization signals may remain in the cytoplasm of breast cancer tissues and contribute to estrogen responses. Further study is in progress to test cytoplasmic expression of various ER isoforms. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5652.
A HILBERT C*-MODULE VIEW OF SOME SPACES RELATED TO PROBABILISTIC CONDITIONAL EXPECTATION

Abstract Measure theoretic conditional expectation is used to construct certain operator spaces. The conditional expectation induces a Hilbert module structure on these spaces. Application is made of Kasparov's theorem to examine certain multiplier and compact operator algebras associated with the module structure. This examination is related to the now classic results on characterizations of conditional expectation type operators.
Diagnosis and Management of Interstitial Cystitis

Interstitial cystitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. The definition has expanded over the years to encompass painful bladder syndrome. It is disease state that is often delayed in its diagnosis and difficult to manage. Treatment options include oral and intravesical therapies as well as both minor and major surgical options. Also, a patient can improve symptoms by following self-management recommendations that focus on both diet and stress management. Treatment options should be periodically evaluated with validated questionnaires to insure they are improving the patient's symptoms, and a multidisciplinary approach is best to manage the patient.
Frequency domain π-phase-shift reflectrometry for soil moisture measurement: I. Theory

Abstract The theoretical basis for a frequency domain π-shift reflectometer for measuring soil moisture content has been presented. This method uses an interferometry approach. It is shown that this narrow-band technique promises greater reliability and flexibility than the existing technique of time domain reflectrometry (TDR). In particular, it measures both dielectric constant and conductivity, which enables salt interference to be eliminated. A mathematical model has been developed to separate the effect of conductivity from that of the dielectric constant. Measurements are required at two distinct frequencies to minimize and enbale the dielectric constant and conductivity to be calculated numerically.
Applications of the streak seeding technique in protein crystallization

Abstract The seeding of protein solutions is a powerful method for growing crystals. Microseeding and macroseeding both require conditions under which spontaneous nucleation is totally absent or extremely rare. A technique where seeds from a crystal are streaked into a protein-precipitant drop along a straight line using a rabbit whisker has been developed to determine suitable conditions for either micro- or macro-seeding. This seeding technique has also been successful in obtaining crystals using crystalline precipitate as the source of seeds, in cross-seeding from Fab—peptide complex crystals to obtain complexes with peptides of longer length, and similarly in cross-seeding from crystals of one monoclonal Fab—peptide complex to obtain crystals of a different monoclonal Fab complexed to the same peptide. This relatively simple technique should be of general applicability in macromolecular crystallizations and offers the potential to test whether new complex crystals mey be obtained by seeding with the native or other complexes, to determine whether cross-seeding may be used with seeds from a related protein or to analyze the crystallization potential of different protein preparations.
Management-induced aggregation and organic carbon concentrations in the surface layer of a Torrertic Paleustoll

Abstract Soil organic carbon concentrations (OCCs) decline when semiarid grasslands are brought under cultivation. As a result, soil aggregate size and stability may decline, which, with the decreases in OCC, may degrade soil quality and reduce crop yields. Effects of cropping systems, crop or field conditions, and tillage methods on dry and water-stable aggregation and OCCs in the surface layer of a Torrertic Paleustoll (Pullman clay loam) were determined. Samples were obtained from the 0–3-cm depth in plots of four dryland studies and three non-replicated field areas. Areas sampled ranged from those cropped to winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) for over 20 years to grasslands converted to cropland in 1994. In general, soil aggregates were smaller and OCCs were greater with no-tillage (NT) than with stubble mulch tillage (SMT) on areas cropped for over 20 years. On areas recently converted to cropland, aggregates were larger and OCCs were greater with NT than with other tillage methods. The 0.42–0.84- and 0.84–2.0-mm dry aggregates were among those most stable when sieved in water. The results indicate practices that maintain soil OCCs at the higher levels and promote development of dry aggregates in the 0.42–2.0-mm size range are important for production sustainability of Torrertic Paleustolls such as Pullman clay loam and similar soils.
LLWR Techniques for Quantifying Potential Soil Compaction Consequences of Crop Residue Removal

Harvesting crop residues for bioenergy or bio-product production may decrease soil organic matter (SOM) content, resulting in the degradation of soil physical properties and ultimately soil productivity. Using the least limiting water range (LLWR) to evaluate improvement or degradation of soil physical properties in response to SOM changes has generally been hampered by the extensive amount of data needed to parameterize limiting factor models for crop production. Our objective was to evaluate five pedotransfer functions to determine their effectiveness in predicting soil water holding capacity in response to different SOM levels. Similarly, two other pedotransfer functions were evaluated to determine the effects of SOM on cone index values. Predictions of field capacity and wilting point water content as well as the cone index–water content–bulk density relationship of soil strength using the pedotransfer functions were compared with field data from two tillage experiments near Akron, CO that had a range of SOM concentrations. Equations previously developed by da Silva and Kay gave the best estimates of LLWR for the pedotransfer functions we evaluated. These equations were then used to illustrate LLWR changes in response to different soil and crop management practices on a Duroc loam near Sidney, NE. The results showed that tillage and, possibly, soil erosion decreased the LLWR as tillage intensity increased. Therefore, we recommend that crop residue removal rates be limited to rates that maintain or increase SOM content to ensure soil physical conditions are not degraded.
Gate-oxide integrity of silicon-on-insulator transistors

The quality of gate oxide grown on thin films of silicon obtained by implanting an oxide layer beneath the surface of a silicon water has been assessed by measuring the initial oxide breakdown strength and the time-dependent dielectric breakdown. Both the initial dielectric strength and the charge-to-breakdown are the same as for oxide grown on bulk wafers, suggesting that the high dislocation density in the silicon films does not catastrophically degrade oxide quality.
KTP laser ablation of extensive tracheal hemangiomas

We are reporting the case of a female child presenting for the management of symptomatic extensive tracheal hemangiomas who was successfully treated with multiple ablative procedures using KTP laser. This is the first description in the English literature of the use of KTP laser as primary treatment modality for the endoscopic ablation of tracheal hemangiomas in a child. We review treatment recommendations for symptomatic airway hemangiomas in the pediatric population, highlighting the advantages of KTP laser for tracheal lesions.
Genetic variability of rock glaciers

Rock glaciers, common in many alpine and polar regions, have poorly understood internal structure, dynamics, and origins. A renewal of interest in the climatic and geomorphic significance of these ...
20Gbps receiver based on germanium photodetector hybrid-integrated with 90nm CMOS amplifier

Receiver based on Ge waveguide PD hybrid-integrated with CMOS amplifier shows an unprecedented data rate of 20Gbps, −7.1dBm sensitivity, and 7pJ/bit power efficiency. Further improvement is obtained with avalanche gain and feed-forward equalization.
Improving immobilized biocatalysts by gel phase polymerization

A new method is presented for the treatment of gel-type supports, used for immobilizing microbial cells and enzymes, to obtain high mechanical strength. It is particularly useful for ethanol fermentation over gel beads containing immobilized viable cells, where the beads can be ruptured by gas production and the growth of cells within the gels. This method consists of treating agar or carrageenan gel with polyacrylamide to form a rigid support which retains the high catalytic activity characteristic of the untreated biocatalysts. The size and shape of the biocatalyst is unaffected by this treatment. The method involves the diffusion of acrylamide, N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide and β-dimethylaminopropionitrile (or N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine) into the performed biocatalyst beads followed by the addition of an initiator to cause polymerization within the beads. Treated gels have been used for the continuous fermentation of glucose to ethanol in a packed column for over two months. During this operation, the gel beads maintained their rigidity, and the maximum productivity was as high as 50 g h−1 L−1 gel. There was no appreciable decay of cell activity.
DIARYLETHER INHIBITORS OF FARNESYL-PROTEIN TRANSFERASE

Abstract The design and synthesis of simple nonpeptide inhibitors of farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) are described. Cysteine-derived diarylether frameworks are appropriate structural replacements for the C -terminal tetrapeptide portion of the Ras protein, and possess in vitro potency against FTase. Inhibitory activity is dependent on the ring-substitution pattern, and does not require the presence of a C -terminal carboxylate group. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Sonographic characteristics of epidermoidcyst of testicle

Abstract The ultrasonographic characteristics of an epidermoid cyst of the testicle are presented. Since these, findings are similar to other published case reports, preoperative sonographic diagnosis of this lagon may be possible.
A Pyramid Approach to Motion Tracking

This paper presents a multiresolution approach to visual motion tracking. In the approach, the foveation mechanism of the human visual system is used to model the multiresolution information perception algorithms of a Transputer-based pyramid visual tracking system. The video images of a moving target are transformed into pyramidal data structures, each of those images consists of multiple image layers with different resolutions by a Gaussian pyramid generation algorithm. The tracking of a moving target over an image sequence is accomplished by performing a foveal search that is based on an iterative intensity pattern correlation along the multiple resolution levels of the Gaussian pyramids of two successive images. Analyses are given as to the efficiency and accuracy of our tracking algorithm, showing that the algorithm is over 160 times faster than conventional mono-resolution tracking methods, with the tracking error within one pixel. To demonstrate the superiority of the multiresolution tracking algorithm in the connection to parallel computation, a scheme for mapping the tracking algorithm into a Transputer-based pyramidal parallel computing structure is proposed in the paper. Experimental results demonstrate good performance of the proposed approach.
Analysis and characterization of the small-signal modulation of a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser

The small signal modulation of a vertical external cavity surface emitting laser (VECSEL) is examined. The modulation transfer function (MTF) of the cavity is measured for multiple photon lifetimes operating between Class A and Class B regimes, where the photon and carrier lifetimes are of the same order. Three coupled ordinary differential equations with similarities to an electrically-injected quantum-well laser with a separate confinement heterostructure are used to mathematically describe the time-dependant VECSEL response. We present a series of measurements that provide important laser parameters such as internal device losses and differential gain. The VECSEL operating in this regime is an overdamped oscillator and has free-running characteristics that are not unlike quantum-dot and quantum-cascade lasers.
Kit-labeled technetium-99m red blood cells (Tc-99m-RBC's) for clinical cardiac chamber imaging.

We have studied 223 consecutive patients by R-wave synchronized cardiac imaging using Tc-99m-RBC's labeled by the Brookhaven kit method. Preparation of the Tc-99m-RBC's is simple and can be accomplished in less than 20 min per patient. The average percent RBC labeling was 96.89%. Only 5 of 223 patients (2.2%) had yields less than 95%. Fifty patients were randomly selected from among the 223 patients for more detailed analysis. Image quality was uniformly excellent with good visualization of the cardiac chambers. The spleen was prominently seen. The average left ventricular chamber to background ratio was 2.69±0.56 (X ± S.D.). Among 12 patients imaged with Tc-99m-RBC's (Brookhaven) in whom blood activity was followed, the blood disappearance could be resolved into two components: a major component (95% of total blood activity) with a t-1/2 of 29 h; and a minor component (5% of total activity) with a t-1/2 of 20 min. Splenic uptake obtained with the aid of a computer system in two of these patients showed progressive uptake in the spleen over the first 30 min after injection, with a plateau thereafter. Purposeful degradation of the Brookhaven kit labeled Tc-99m-RBC's study was accomplished in five patients by adding free TcO 4 − . Even small increments of free Tc-99m-pertechnetate resulted in visual deterioration of the cardiac image. Over the course of this study, the percent of total blood activity on the red blood cells dropped from 99% to 78%, and the average end-diastolic left ventricular (LV) to back-ground (BKG) count ratio dropped from 3.5 to 2.4. Ejection fraction measured from the BKG corrected LV curve decreased very slightly.
Streptococcus gordonii’s Sequenced Strain CH1 Glucosyltransferase Determines Persistent But Not Initial Colonization of Teeth of Rats

Objective Extracellular glucan synthesis from sucrose by Streptococcus gordonii, a major dental plaque biofilm bacterium, is assumed important for colonization of teeth; but this hypothesis is un-tested in vivo.