cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
QUATERNARY DETACHMENT FOLDING OF THE MINGYAOLE ANTICLINE,SOUTHWESTERN TIAN SHAN

The preservation of multiple, clearly deformed Late Quaternary fluvial terraces and nearly continuous exposure of underlying Neogene sediments make the Mingyaole anticline detachment fold system particularly favorable for unraveling the geomorphic and structural history of underlying fold growth within the southwestern Chinese Tian Shan Foreland Basin. We mapped the Neogene structure and Pleistocene terrace surfaces along the south-flowing Kalanggouluke He within water gap across the anticline using 1 ∶ 50,000 scale stereo air photographs and topographic maps. The anticline has steep (58°～70°) limbs and is box-like, characterized by broad north vergent core that rises above gently dipping outer flanks, suggestive of detachment folding. Since the growth strata are not sufficiently exposed to allow us to discern the kinematic style of fold growth, we profiled all sets of progressively deformed Pleistocene fluvial terraces plus the present rivers across the of the anticline using a laser ranging theodolite (total station) aiming to use the terrace flights as kinematic markers for the recent evolution of the folds. The terrace profiles are preserved across the steeply dipping cores and show several common features: (1) Where long profiles of terraces could be surveyed, the terraces show increased tilts with age. (2) The greatest tilts are preserved in the north limb towards the core of the fold. (3) Nearly all of the observed terrace heights are attributable to differential uplift. (4) The pre-growth strata and the terrace treads are discordant everywhere. (5) Part of the terraces are not folded across previously active axial surfaces that are now passive, and younger axial surfaces that remain active as evidenced by fold scarps. In combination with structural data, growth strata, and deformed terraces, we infer that the width of the Mingyale anticline is established early and is subsequently amplified throughout the history of the fold, but not in a purely self-similar style. Continued shortening is accommodated by vertical growth of the fold via a combination of limb rotation in the center and hinge migration on the flanks. Planar, rotated terraces indicate more recent folding is accommodated by block rotation of the limbs. In combination with paleomagnetic study and OSL dating, we infer the fold growth initiated ~1.6Ma and shortening rate and differential uplift rate decreased since then. Uplift is always greater than shortening which indicates limb rotation dominates.
Analysis and evaluation of occupational hazards of a general cargo terminal port

Objective: Identifying and analyzing the occupational hazard factors of a general cargo terminal port,and evaluating effects of occupational hazards and protective measures,furthermore critical control points were raised.Methods: On-site occupational health survey and testing method were adopted.Results: The concentration and intension of occupational hazard factors were under the occupational exposure limits.Conclusion: Although the occupational hazard factors were under control almost,but the level of occupational health management was low.Therefore the management of subcontractors who were exposed to serious occupational hazard must be improved according to critical control points.
Evidence of Local HIV Transmission in the African Community of King County, Washington

Little is known about the frequency of ongoing HIV transmission within U.S. African immigrant communities. We used HIV surveillance and partner services data to describe African-born persons newly reported with HIV infection in King County (KC), WA from 1/1/2010 to 12/31/2013. We performed phylogenetic clustering analysis of HIV-1 pol to identify putative transmission events within this population. From 2010 to 2013, 1148 KC adults were reported with HIV, including 102 (9 %) born in Africa. Forty-one African-born cases were interviewed and reported diagnosis after arrival in the U.S. Fourteen (34 %) reported ≥1 negative test prior to diagnosis, and 9 (26 %) reported ≥1 negative test after U.S. arrival. Pol genotypes were available for seven of these nine. For two of these seven, a KC case was the nearest phylogenetic neighbor; two others were infected with subtype B virus. We found substantial evidence of ongoing HIV transmission in the African community of KC.
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): Incidence, risks and survivals.

Abstract Introduction Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is frequently observed after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) decannulation; however, these issues have not been investigated well in the past. Methods Retrospective chart review was performed to identify post-ECMO SIRS phenomenon, defined by exhibiting 2/3 of the following criteria: fever, leukocytosis, and escalation of vasopressors. The patients were divided into 2 groups: patients with documented infections (Group I) and patients with true SIRS (Group TS) without any evidence of infection. Survival and pre-, intra- and post-ECMO risk factors were analyzed. Results Among 62 ECMO survivors, 37 (60%) patients developed the post-ECMO SIRS phenomenon, including Group I ( n = 22) and Group TS ( n = 15). The 30-day survival rate of Group I and TS was 77% and 100%, respectively ( p = 0.047), although risk factors were identical. Conclusions SIRS phenomenon after ECMO decannulation commonly occurs. Differentiating between the similar clinical presentations of SIRS and infection is important and will impact clinical outcomes.
How to quantify the temporal storage effect using simulations instead of math

The storage effect has become a core concept in community ecology, explaining how environmental fluctuations can promote coexistence and maintain biodiversity. However, limitations of existing theory have hindered empirical applications: the need for detailed mathematical analysis whenever the study system requires a new model, and restricted theory for structured populations. We present a new approach that overcomes both these limitations. We show how temporal storage effect can be quantified by Monte Carlo simulations in a wide range of models for competing species. We use the lottery model and a generic integral projection model (IPM) to introduce ideas, and present two empirical applications: (1) algal species in a chemostat with variable temperature, showing that the storage effect can operate without a long-lived life stage and (2) a sagebrush steppe community IPM. Our results highlight the need for careful modelling of nonlinearities so that conclusions are not driven by unrecognised model constraints.
Anisotropic Volume Rendering for Extremely Dense, Thin Line Data

Many large scale physics-based simulations which take place on PC clusters or supercomputers produce huge amounts of data including vector fields. While these vector data such as electromagnetic fields, fluid flow fields, or particle paths can be represented by lines, the sheer number of the lines overwhelms the memory and computation capability of a high-end PC used for visualization. Further, very dense or intertwined lines, rendered with traditional visualization techniques, can produce unintelligible results with unclear depth relationships between the lines and no sense of global structure. Our approach is to apply a lighting model to the lines and sample them into an anisotropic voxel representation based on spherical harmonics as a preprocessing step. Then we evaluate and render these voxels for a given view using traditional volume rendering. For extremely large line based datasets, conversion to anisotropic voxels reduces the overall storage and rendering for O(n) lines to O(1) with a large constant that is still small enough to allow meaningful visualization of the entire dataset at nearly interactive rates on a single commodity PC.
Fabrication and characterization of InGaAsP/Ag luminescent hyperbolic metamaterials

We fabricate and characterize a luminescent hyperbolic metamaterial consisting of InGaAsP/Ag multilayers. For the first time, one of the metamaterial constituents is a gain media. The hyperbolic dispersion is confirmed through the anisotropic photoluminescence, with emission strongly dependent on pump polarization.
Beauty and Metaphysics

It is shown through examples ranging from Parmenides and Plato to Whitehead and Wittgenstein that beauty is central among the values that have made metaphysical theories appealing and credible. A common attitude would be that the aesthetic properties of metaphysical theories may be important for effective presentation but are irrelevant to the cognitive value of the theories. This however is question-begging, since it assumes without argument that ultimate reality is indifferent to value-considerations such as beauty. If on the contrary we allow that the aesthetic properties of theories may be cognitively relevant, which such properties should be considered? This question is explored in the final section of the paper.
Controlled Airspace infringements and warning system

A major concern for Air traffic controllers (ATC) are facing on a daily basis are controlled Airspace (CAS) infringements. An infringement is when aircraft penetrates CASs without an advanced clearance from the ATC. These infringement may cause a conflict or a midair collision with a commercial aircraft flying within CAS. As a result, a ground based safety net called Controlled Airspace infringement Tool (CAIT) is used by ATCs which warns them if any aircraft within uncontrolled airspace (UCAS) has penetrated (CAS). In our previous paper, we developed a probabilistic CAS infringement tool (PCAIT) that predicts future aircraft locations using the Kalman filter and calculate their probability of infringement. In this paper, we review the factors behind CAS infringements and build a classifier based on them to enhance our decision about future infringements. This model “warning system” could provide ATCs with more time to resolve any possible future conflicts.
Information Acquisition, Moral Hazard, and Rewarding for Bad News

This paper analyzes a principal-agent problem with moral hazard where a principal searches for an opportunity of uncertain return, and hires an agent to evaluate available options. The agent’s effort affects the informativeness of a signal about an option’s return. Based on the information provided by the agent, the principal decides whether to exercise the option at hand. We derive properties of the optimal contract in both static and dynamic versions of the problem. We show that sometimes the agent is rewarded for delivering ‘bad news’ about the quality of an option. We characterize distortions (relative to the first best) on the implemented effort level and optimal stopping decision. We show that for some parameter values the principal commits to an ex-post suboptimal stochastic decision to exercise an option.
Introduction to the Special Issue, “Investigating the Research Needs of Agriculture Scholars: Participant Findings From the Ithaka S+R Agriculture Project”

Agriculture information work in the United States is a deeply cooperative endeavor. As Williams and D'Arpa (2017) highlight in the Library Trends issue on “Collaboration in Agriculture Librarianshi...
How to Enhance Student Motivations by Borrowing from Modern Practices: Geometric Approach to Error-Less Counting

In the previous chapters, we showed how to use ancient traditions when teaching math. In this chapter (and in the following chapter), we show how ideas borrowed from modern practices can also help.
Single agent and combination checkpoint inhibitors therapy: A post marketing safety analysis.

125Background: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) are used to treat patients with a wide spectrum of malignancies. Individuals enrolled in clinical trials are usually more fit compared to patients seen in everyday practice. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the safety profile of these agents in real-world data. In addition, it is not clear if the safety of these agents is similar across all age groups. Methods: We reviewed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for adverse events associated with the use of PD-1 inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab); PD-L1 inhibitor (atezolizumab); and CTLA-4 inhibitor (ipilimumab). Our analysis was restricted to reports that included only an ICI as a suspect agent. For each agent, we performed a descriptive analysis of hospitalization (HO) and death (DE) outcomes, as well as select adverse events of special interest (AESI). We compared the distribution of each outcome within age groups ( 75) using Mantel-Haenszel chi -quare test for t...
Multiphonon Raman scattering and photoluminescence studies of CdS nanocrystals grown by thermal evaporation

Abstract Thermal evaporation growth technique is presented as a route to grow cost effective high quality CdS thin films. We have successfully grown high quality CdS thin films on ITO coated glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique and analyzed the effects of annealing and excitation dependent input of CdS thin film using Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy. LO phonon modes have been analyzed quantitatively considering the contributions due to anneal induced effects on film quality using phonon spatial correlation model, line shape and defect state analysis. Asymmetry in the Raman line shape towards the low frequency side is related to the phonon confinement effects and is modeled by spatial correlation model. Calculations of width (FWHM), integrated intensity, and line shape for the longitudinal (LO) optical phonon modes indicate improved crystalline quality for the annealed films as compared to the as grown films. With increase in laser power, intensity ratio of 2-LO to 1-LO optical phonon modes is found to increase while multiple overtones upto fourth order are observed. Power dependent photoluminescence data indicates direct band-to-band transition in CdS thin films.
A First Approach in the Assessment of the Complexity of Disaster Recovery Models for SMEs

In an organization, a well devised disaster recovery plan is not only crucial in the information recovery process, but also vital in the quest to sustain daily operations. While prior research has discussed many recovery sites options, assessment of recovery site communication paths and their associated complexity is still limited in regard to the evaluation of disaster recovery (DR) models. Using the scale-free degree distribution formula, the authors present a methodical discussion concerning the network characteristics of various disaster recovery options. This study marks a pioneering effort in the DR field by applying the scale-free degree distribution formula to assess the network complexity index and overall model failure points. In addition, a modified hot model employing host virtualization designed especially for small and medium size businesses is presented. This method is particularly advantageous to small and medium size businesses as it leverages inexpensive commercial PC hardware.
Computational and Modeling Strategies for Cell Motility

A predictive simulation of the dynamics of a living cell remains a fundamental modeling and computational challenge. The challenge does not even make sense unless one specifies the level of detail and the phenomena of interest, whether the focus is on near-equilibrium or strongly nonequilibrium behavior, and on localized, subcellular, or global cell behavior. Therefore, choices have to be made clear at the outset, ranging from distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, specificity within each of these types, whether the cell is “normal,” whether one wants to model mitosis, blebs, migration, division, deformation due to confined flow as with red blood cells, and the level of microscopic detail for any of these processes. The review article by Hoffman and Crocker [48] is both an excellent overview of cell mechanics and an inspiration for our approach. One might be interested, for example, in duplicating the intricate experimental details reported in [43]: “actin polymerization periodically builds a mechanical link, the lamellipodium, connecting myosin motors with the initiation of adhesion sites, suggesting that the major functions driving motility are coordinated by a biomechanical process,” or to duplicate experimental evidence of traveling waves in cells recovering from actin depolymerization [42, 35]. Modeling studies of lamellipodial structure, protrusion, and retraction behavior range from early mechanistic models [84] to more recent deterministic [112, 97] and stochastic [51] approaches with significant biochemical and structural detail. Recent microscopic–macroscopic models and algorithms for cell blebbing have been developed by Young and Mitran [116], which update cytoskeletal microstructure via statistical sampling techniques together with fluid variables. Alternatively, whole cell compartment models (without spatial details) of oscillations in spreading cells have been proposed [35, 92, 109] which show positive and negative feedback mechanisms between kinetics and mechanics, and which are sufficient to describe a modality of sustained cell oscillations. The generalization of such a nonlinear limit cycle mechanism to include 3D spatial substructures consistent with cell mechanics, and biochemical kinetics and diffusion, charts a path that our group has elected. Detailed microscopic features are resolved through effective or collective properties of each substructure, which are dynamically updated by chemical species and processes. This choice is guided by a series of developments in the biophysics community on cell structure and rheology (cf. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 9, 2007), together with recent progress on the biochemical feedback mechanisms associated with cell morphological oscillations [20, 58, 35] as well as other dynamic cell modes.
Energy Disposal by Chemical Reactions

The objective of this chapter is to summarize the current knowledge of energy disposal by chemical reactions. Emphasis will be upon reactions proceeding via a single potential energy surface, which for the most part limits the discussion to ground electronic state energy surfaces. Thus, the energy of interest is translational, rotational, and vibrational energies of the products from elementary chemical reactions. The work reviewed here is limited primarily to reagents with Boltzmann or near Boltzmann vibrational and rotational energies; cases with excess translational energy will be considered since much of the molecular-beam work is done with high translational energy reactants. Non-Boltzmann energy effects on reaction rates are considered by Smith in Chapter 1. This appears to be the first review devoted solely to energy disposal, although several reviews pertain to related subjects. Golde and Thrush(1) have discussed chemical reactions yielding electronically excited products; the infrared chemiluminescence results prior to 1972 were summarized by Carrington and Polanyi(2); recent chemical laser results were reviewed by Berry(3); and several articles covering molecular-beam work include discussion of translational energy measurements(4,5) Some general reviews(6-9) also have considered state distributions of reaction products. During the last few years, many experimental data have been published and this review attempts to catalogue these results. Both unimolecular and bimolecular reactions are considered because after passing the last energy barrier separating products from reactants release of the potential energy should be a common aspect of both types of reactions.
Use of a Mixed Microbial System in the Removal of Lead from Contaminated Water

The potential of various microbes to concentrate elevated levels of heavy metals has long been observed in the natural environment (Stokes et al, 1975; Trollope and Evans, 1976). Metal tolerant species, apparently generated in polluted environments, may display an increased capacity for metal sorption and thus provide important biological material for both water purification and metal recovery (Stokes et al, 1975).
Relevance of Surface Energetics to Departiculation of Disk Drive Substrates

A rational correlation has previously been established between the particulate removability of disk drive component materials in an aqueous ultrasonic system, and their Hamaker constants modified to reflect their non-elastic deformability. This work expands the scope of both the theory and experiments. A less-restrictive parameter, the surface energy, is used here to correlate with cleanability in a variety of cleaning systems, including water-based and solvent-based ultrasonics, ultrasonics in concert with low-pressure spray, centrifugation, and high pressure water jetting. The fundamental differences in the particle removal characteristics of these systems are highlighted. The influence of the extraction-based measurement procedure on estimated substrate cleanability is pointed out. It is concluded that for non-erodible materials, or for crodible materials cleaned with a non-erosive mechanism, cleanability decreases as surface energy increases. Two exceptions are noted: in ultrasonic cleaning, the tendency of the material to erode limits its cleanability, even if the substrate has very low surface energy; also, some state-of-the-art cleaning methods, such as high pressure water spray, display departiculation efficiencies that are virtually independent of surface energy. Implications of this study for future solvent-free cleaning of disk drive components are discussed throughout the paper.
Asynchronous Parallel Programming

Asynchronous parallelism is the most general form of parallelism, whereby processors operate freely on tasks, and global synchronization is not required. In place of the lockstep fashion of the various forms of synchronized parallelism, the asynchronous method relies on locks and explicit control flow.
Modular System Architecture as a Foundation for Rapid IRSP Development

Infrared scene projectors based on superlattice light emitting diodes (SLEDs) have evolved relatively rapidly over the past decade. Much of this development has been enabled by the design of a flexible support system for driving the SLEDs. This paper describes the system and its benefits.
Variables Impacting Program Completion of Readmitted Associate Degree Nursing Students.

BACKGROUND The projected shortfall in the number of RNs supports the need to identify variables impacting nursing student program completion. Studies are lacking as to variables that affect attrition and program completion of readmitted nursing students. PURPOSE This study examined academic and nonacademic variables that impact attrition and program completion of readmitted associate degree nursing students. METHODS Survey and record review yielded student characteristics, support for learners, student effort, and student outcome measures that predicted attrition and program completion. RESULTS Findings suggest that students earning a final grade of B+ or higher in the nursing fundamentals course complete the program. In addition, readmitted nursing students who were 33 years or older had decreased odds of completing the program by 1.44% for each year of age. The study also pointed to nonacademic variables that impacted attrition. CONCLUSIONS Measures to improve program completion of readmitted nursing students are included.
Cross-National Examination of Work-Family in Parents of Children with Disabilities Using a Bioecological Model

Although work-family balance (WFB) has received much attention from researchers, there are relatively few studies exploring WFB in parents of children with disabilities. Such research is necessary because caregiving demands are greater among these parents than those caring for typically developing children. The objective was to examine the impact of person and context elements of Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model (BM) on WFB among employed parents of children with disabilities. Hypotheses stated that personal resources, personal demands, and microsystem, exosystem, and macrosystem variables would impact work interference with family (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). Parents (N = 145) from several English-speaking countries responded to an internet survey. They were recruited through advocacy groups for children with disabilities. They were employed at least part-time with a child under 18 years of age and diagnosed with a disability living with them. Regression analyses indicated that some personal resources (e.g. work-family enrichment) and some personal demands (e.g. rated severity of child disability) predicted both WIF and FIW in the expected direction. Microsystem (i.e. supervisory support) and exosystem (i.e. organizational culture) variables predicted lower levels of WIF and FIW. However, macrosystem variables (i.e. national family supportive policies) did not. The BM is useful for understanding WFB among employed parents of children with disabilities. Future research should include incorporating more aspects of the BM when exploring parents’ experiences. For example, examination of the chronosystem may be particularly important as the demands of parenting children with disabilities shift as children age.
Long-Term Aging Performance Analysis of Oil Modified Asphalt Binders:

Oil modification of asphalt binders is a widely adopted strategy for meeting low temperature performance grade (PG) specifications. There is no shortage of data characterizing the rheological benef...
Emerging Technologies and the Digital Divide – Bridging the Gap, the Case of Ghana

Existing and emerging technologies can help developing countries and the lives of its peoples and make their voices heard more widely. There is a great deal of hype and fervour about the digital divide. What is clear is that the disparities between the "haves" and the "have-nots" is growing, and the potential impact on society – whether good or bad – will be exacerbated by emerging technologies. It presents both practical and policy challenges. This paper describes the Ghanaian experience and illustrates the key elements necessary for integrating technology into society in an effective, sustainable way so that people can put technology to use to improve their lives: what is called "real access" to existing and emerging technologies.
Aerobic exercise training improves hepatic and muscle insulin sensitivity, but reduces splanchnic glucose uptake in obese humans with type 2 diabetes

Aerobic exercise training is known to have beneficial effects on whole-body glucose metabolism in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D). The responses of the liver to such training are less well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic exercise training on splanchnic glucose uptake (SGU) and insulin-mediated suppression of endogenous glucose production (EGP) in obese subjects with T2D. Participants included 11 obese humans with T2D, who underwent 15 ± 2 weeks of aerobic exercise training (AEX; n = 6) or remained sedentary for 15 ± 1 weeks (SED; n = 5). After an initial screening visit, each subject underwent an oral glucose load clamp and an isoglycemic/two-step (20 and 40 mU/m2/min) hyperinsulinemic clamp (ISO-clamp) to assess SGU and insulin-mediated suppression of EGP, respectively. After the intervention period, both tests were repeated. In AEX, the ability of insulin to suppress EGP was improved during both the low (69 ± 9 and 80 ± 6% suppression; pre-post, respectively; p < 0.05) and high (67 ± 6 and 82 ± 4% suppression, respectively; p < 0.05) insulin infusion periods. Despite markedly improved muscle insulin sensitivity, SGU was reduced in AEX after training (22.9 ± 3.3 and 9.1 ± 6.0 g pre-post in AEX, respectively; p < 0.05). In obese T2D subjects, exercise training improves whole-body glucose metabolism, in part, by improving insulin-mediated suppression of EGP and enhancing muscle glucose uptake, which occur despite reduced SGU during an oral glucose challenge.
When Group Influence Is More or Less Likely: The Case of Moral Judgments

We investigated whether group influence can change judgments even for high-consensus (i.e., unambiguous) moral norms. We found that participants often matched the judgment of the other current grou...
Controls on sediment distribution in the coastal zone of the central California transform continental margin, USA

Abstract We use >10,000 km of high-resolution seismic-reflection data together with multibeam bathymetry to document complex and highly variable post-Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) sediment distribution and thickness in the coastal zone (~10 m isobath to 5.6 km offshore) along a ~800 km section of central California's transform continental margin. Sediment thickness ranges from 0 (seafloor bedrock) to 64 m with a mean of 8.7 m. We delineate 25 coastal zone “sediment domains,” and group them based on common geomorphology and sediment occurrence. Thickest sediment occurs in “mountain front” and “large river” domains, which comprise 14.5% and 7.9% of the coastal zone and contain 30.1% and 18.2% of coastal zone sediment, respectively. In contrast, “small river” domains and “sediment-poor shelf” domains comprise 50.7% and 15.7% of the coastal zone and contain 18.4% and 12.7% of its sediment. The distribution and thickness of post-LGM sediment in the coastal zone is controlled by a combination of tectonics, sediment supply, and eustasy. Sediment is derived from a tectonically controlled coastal landscape of rapidly uplifting mountain fronts, more slowly uplifting marine terraces, and fault-bounded headlands and alluvial-estuarine troughs. Sediment supply is maximized along steep, landslide-prone, mountain fronts and at the mouths of large watersheds, and minimized along lower-relief, terraced coastal landscape drained by smaller rivers and creeks. In the offshore coastal zone, tectonics generates local uplifts and basins, and influences shelf width and gradient as well as the locations of some shelf-incised submarine canyons. Sea-level rise raises base level, drowns estuaries, creates accommodation space on the shelf (amount based on gradient), and isolates the heads of many submarine canyons at or near the shelfbreak. Comparison of shelf sediment volumes with estimates of “unaltered” watershed sediment supply reveals that a relatively small proportion of post-LGM sediment supply is preserved on the shelf offshore of some of the largest rivers. Sediments deposited in shoreline and shelf environments have limited preservation potential, and the most complete long-term geologic record of the post-LGM transgression and highstand is likely represented in slope and submarine fan deposits.
Anti-Hypertensive Medication Combinations in the United States.

Background: Examining the anti-hypertensive regimens of individuals with different comorbidities may offer insights into how we can improve hypertension management. Methods: The Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (2013–2015) was used to describe the most common single-, two-, three-, and four-drug hypertension regimens among hypertensive adults in four different comorbidity groups: 1. Hypertension only; 2. Hypertension and diabetes; 3. Hypertension and cardiovascular disease (coronary heart disease or stroke history); and 4. Hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Results: 15,901 adults with hypertension taking anti-hypertensive medications were included in the study. 58.6% (95% CI: 57.3–59.8) took multiple anti-hypertensive medications, but the proportion of adults taking multiple anti-hypertensives varied by comorbidity group. Regimens including an ACE-inhibitor/ARB were the most prevalent regimens among individuals taking ≥2 anti-hypertensive medications. The most common two-drug regimen for both the hypertension-only and hypertension-diabetes groups was an ACE-inhibitor/ARB with thiazide. The most prevalent regimen for the two cardiovascular disease groups was an ACE-inhibitor/ARB with beta-blocker. Conclusions: Most individuals with hypertension use between 2–5 medications and the medications comprising these regimens vary by comorbidity. The ACCOMPLISH trial suggested that certain combinations may lead to superior cardiovascular outcomes. Research comparing the efficacy of different hypertension medication combinations among individuals with different comorbidities could lead to better patient hypertensionrelated outcomes.
Triaging of pleural effusion cytology specimens for ancillary flow cytometric analysis.

Introduction There are no established criteria in selecting pleural effusion (PE) specimens for flow cytometric analysis (FCA). FCA on effusion specimens may be ordered by a clinician or a cytopathologist. In an effort to improve lab test utilization, this retrospective study aims to identify characteristics of PE specimens on which the addition of FCA has high diagnostic yield. Materials and methods We identified consecutive cases of PE cytology specimens on which FCA was performed over a 5-year period (2014-2019). Patient demographic data and history, FCA diagnosis, cytologic diagnosis, cellular quantity and composition, and peripheral blood cell counts were collected. Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and t tests were used when appropriate with a significance level of P Results We identified 164 FCA cases corresponding to 142 patients (age: 19-90 years; male:female 2:1). The majority of cases had no abnormality by cytologic examination, whereas others were obviously malignant due to non-hematologic malignancy. Most (119 of 164, 73%) had negative immunophenotypic studies by FCA. Forty-five of 164 (27%) FCA cases were positive for a monoclonal myeloid or lymphoid population. Clinicopathologic features associated with positive FCA results included a history of hematologic malignancy, peripheral blood lymphocytes of ≥20%, the presence of a monomorphic lymphoid population, large atypical cells, and mitoses. Conclusions This study identifies features that are associated with positive FCA in PE cytology specimens. Using these features by cytopathologists to order FCA on PE specimens as a reflex test would significantly reduce unnecessary testing and improve FCA utilization.
Association and interplay of surgeon and hospital volume with mortality after open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in the modern era.

Abstract Objective Operative volume has been used as a marker of quality. Research from previous decades has suggested minimum open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair volume requirements for surgeons of 9 to 13 open AAA repairs annually and for hospitals of 18 open AAA repairs annually to purportedly achieve acceptable results. Given concerns regarding the decreased frequency of open repairs in the endovascular era, we examined the association of surgeon and hospital volume with the 30- and 90-day mortality in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry. Methods Patients who had undergone elective open AAA repair from 2013 to 2018 were identified in the VQI registry. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of the association between the average hospital and surgeon volume and 30-day postoperative mortality using a hierarchical Bayesian model. Cross-level interactions were permitted, and random surgeon- and hospital-level intercepts were used to account for clustering. The mortality results were adjusted by standardizing to the observed distribution of relevant covariates in the overall cohort. The outcomes were compared to the Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines recommended criteria of Results A total of 3078 patients had undergone elective open AAA repair by 520 surgeons at 128 hospitals. The 30- and 90-day risks of postoperative mortality were 4.1% (n = 126) and 5.4% (n = 166), respectively. The mean surgeon volume and hospital volume both correlated inversely with the 30-day mortality. Averaged across all patients and hospitals, we found a 96% probability that surgeons who performed an average of four or more repairs per year achieved Conclusions Surgeons and hospitals in the VQI registry achieved mortality outcomes of
Framing the Litterbug: Picturing and Policing Public Cleanliness in Mid-Twentieth Century Philadelphia:

In early and mid-twentieth century American cities, visual culture announced the emergence of a new category of urban waste: litter. As anti-litter efforts used photography, cartoons, and other ima...
Interfacial structure of SrZrxTi1−xO3 films on Ge

The interfacial structure of SrZrxTi1−xO3 films grown on semiconducting Ge substrates is investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and first-principles density functional theory. By systematically tuning the Zr content x, the effects of bonding at the interface and epitaxial strain on the physical structure of the film can be distinguished. The interfacial perovskite layers are found to be polarized as a result of cation-anion ionic displacements perpendicular to the perovskite/semiconductor interface. We find a correlation between the observed buckling and valence band offsets at the SrZrxTi1−xO3/Ge interface. The trends in the theoretical valence band offsets as a function of Zr content for the polar structures are in agreement with reported X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. These results have important implications for the integration of functional oxide materials with established semiconductor based technologies.
Dilated SpineNet for Semantic Segmentation.

Scale-permuted networks have shown promising results on object bounding box detection and instance segmentation. Scale permutation and cross-scale fusion of features enable the network to capture multi-scale semantics while preserving spatial resolution. In this work, we evaluate this meta-architecture design on semantic segmentation - another vision task that benefits from high spatial resolution and multi-scale feature fusion at different network stages. By further leveraging dilated convolution operations, we propose SpineNet-Seg, a network discovered by NAS that is searched from the DeepLabv3 system. SpineNet-Seg is designed with a better scale-permuted network topology with customized dilation ratios per block on a semantic segmentation task. SpineNet-Seg models outperform the DeepLabv3/v3+ baselines at all model scales on multiple popular benchmarks in speed and accuracy. In particular, our SpineNet-S143+ model achieves the new state-of-the-art on the popular Cityscapes benchmark at 83.04% mIoU and attained strong performance on the PASCAL VOC2012 benchmark at 85.56% mIoU. SpineNet-Seg models also show promising results on a challenging Street View segmentation dataset. Code and checkpoints will be open-sourced.
Predicting Hugoniot equation of state in erythritol with ab initio and reactive molecular dynamics

Erythritol has been proposed as an inert surrogate for developing theoretical and computational models to study aging in energetic materials. In this work, we present a comparison of mechanical and shock properties of erythritol computed using the ReaxFF reactive force field and from ab initio calculations employing density functional theory (DFT). We screened eight different ReaxFF parameterizations, of which the CHO parameters developed for hydrocarbon oxidation provide the most accurate predictions of mechanical properties and the crystal structure of erythritol. Further validation of the applicability of this ReaxFF parameterization for modeling erythritol is demonstrated by comparing predictions of the elastic constants, crystal structure, vibrational density of states, and Hugoniot curves against DFT calculations. The ReaxFF predictions are in close agreement with the DFT simulations for the elastic constants and shock Hugoniot when the crystal is loaded along its c axis but show as much as 30% disagreement in the elastic constants in the a b plane and 12% difference in shock pressures when shocked along the a or b crystal axes. Last, we compare thermomechanical properties predicted from classical molecular dynamics with those calculated using the quasi-harmonic approximation and show that quantum mechanical effects produce large discrepancies in the computed values of heat capacity and thermal expansion coefficients compared with classical assumptions. Combining classical molecular dynamics predictions of mechanical behavior with phonon-based calculations of thermal behaviors, we show that predicted shock-induced temperatures for pressures up to 6.5 GPa do not exceed the pressure-dependent melting point of erythritol.
Inclusive Practices in Special Education: Language and Literacies:

With a growing population of emergent bilingual learners in the United States, we are seeing more emergent bilinguals qualifying for special education services. Special education teachers must be p...
Moringa Oleifera Seed Extract Concomitantly Supplemented with Chemotherapy Worsens Tumor Progression in Mice with Triple Negative Breast Cancer and Obesity

Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive and highly metastatic breast cancer subtype with limited treatment options. Obesity and insulin resistance are associated with a worse prognosis in those with TNBC. Moringa oleifera (moringa) is a tropical edible plant used for both food and medicinal purposes and found to have anti-obesity and anti-cancer effects in vitro and in preclinical models. The anti-cancer effects of moringa seed extract alone and in combination with chemotherapy were evaluated in immunocompromised female mice with diet-induced obesity bearing MDA-MB-231-derived xenograft tumors. Moringa supplementation protected against high-fat diet- and chemotherapy-induced increases in fasting glucose and improved insulin sensitivity. Moringa supplementation alone did not attenuate tumor growth relative to chemotherapy alone, and in combination worsened tumor progression. Moringa supplementation alone reduced angiogenesis, but this effect was abrogated in combination with chemotherapy. Moringa supplementation may be an effective strategy to improve metabolic health in mice with obesity and TNBC and reduce angiogenesis in tumors, but may have a negative interaction when used as a concurrent complementary therapy. Caution should be taken when considering the consumption of moringa seed extracts while receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment. Further investigations of alternative timings of moringa therapy are warranted.
Impact of Medicaid Expansion Status and Race on Metastatic Disease at Diagnosis in Patients with Melanoma.

Background Black patients are diagnosed with melanoma at a later stage, as compared with their white counterparts. It is unknown if Medicaid expansion might ameliorate this disparity. Methods Using data from the 2016 National Cancer Database, we conducted a retrospective cohort study. The primary objective was to evaluate whether being diagnosed with melanoma at a Medicaid Expansion State (MES) and black race are associated with a late diagnosis of melanoma. Main exposure: Being diagnosed in a MES. Secondary exposure: Race. Main outcome: Odds of Stage IV vs Stages 0-III at diagnosis. Univariate, multivariate logistic regression, and propensity score analyses were conducted to evaluate the potential associations. Sub-group analysis was conducted according to age Results A total of 216,604 patients were included, 40-90 years of age, [Formula: see text] 64 years [SD 12.47]. In univariate analysis, patients diagnosed in MES were 15% less likely (95% CI, 0.81-0.88) to be diagnosed with Stage IV melanoma. Black race (vs white) had 3.04 increased odds (95% CI, 2.56-3.60) of late diagnosis. In multivariate analysis, adjusting for socio-economic confounders, patients Conclusions This study suggests that patients are less likely to be diagnosed with Stage IV melanoma in MES. This beneficial effect is more pronounced among Black minorities.
Effect of Stream Turbulence on Heater Water Plumes

The situation of a heated water surface jet flowing at the mean local velocity in open channel flow is studied. The jet contains no excess momentum that can cause mixing by relative motion of parallel streams. Downstream behavior is determined by buoyancy and ambient flow turbulence. Dimensional analysis determines the independent variables, \Ix/D\N, \Id/D\N, \Iu\N∗/\Iu\N\Dn\N, and \IF\N\Dd\N, which are a distance ratio, a depth ratio, a friction factor, and a densimetric Froude number. In the range of study axis temperature is observed to be independent of \Id/D\N and Froude number, and only weakly dependent on \Iu\N∗/\Iu\dN. Results are shown for temperatures versus \Ix/D\N. Mixing is significant, but dilution is less than for momentum jets in still water. Plume width due to buoy spread is shown to be (\Ix/D\N)\U2/3\N, to (\IF\N\Dd\N\N)\U-2/3\N (\Ix/D\N\U2/3\N, with increased widths measured for increased turbulence. Results for layer depth are shown vs. \Ix/D\N and are largely independent of \Id/D\N, \Iu\N∗/\Iu\N\Dn\N, and \IF\N\Dd\N.
Dysregulated Cell Signaling in LPS-stimulated Macrophages by Myeloid-specific Conditional Knock Out of the Catalytic Subunit of Protein Phosphatase 2A

Activation of the innate immune response triggered by pathogen-associated molecular patterns forms the pathophysiologic basis for many of the acute, systemic inflammatory diseases such as sepsis an...
The Place of Bone Scan in the Diagnosis of Renal Cell Carcinoma

AbstractWe herein review 12 cases of renal cell carcinoma evaluated by bone scan and skeletal survey. Comparison of these techniques revealed a high incidence of falsely negative results(42 per cent) when using skeletal survey alone. It is now our policy to include the bone scan in our initial evaluation of patients with renal cell carcinoma.
Conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence

The prevalence of conduct disorder in children constitutes a severe and persistent social problem. Conduct disorder - which encompasses antisocial behaviours such as aggressive acts, theft, vandalism, arson, running away, truancy and defying authority - is a common reason for referring children and adolescents for psychological and psychiatric treatment. The newly revised edition of this volume describes the nature of conduct disorder, incorporating the most important findings since the publication of the original. The author draws on current research and clinical work from a variety of fields to explore such topics as: psychiatric diagnosis; child-rearing practices; parent psychopathology; sex differences in development; interactions of heredity and environment; risk and protective factors; and treatment and prevention.
Compressed Sensing for Fast Electron Microscopy

Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) are used in neuroscience and materials science to image square centimeters of sample area at nanometer scales. Since imaging rates are in large part SNR-limited, imaging time is proportional to the number of measurements taken of each sample; in a traditional SEM, large collections can lead to weeks of around-the-clock imaging time. We previously reported a single-beam sparse sampling approach that we have demonstrated on an operational SEM for collecting “smooth” images. In this paper, we analyze how measurements from a hypothetical multi-beam system would compare to the single-beam approach in a compressed sensing framework. To that end, multi-beam measurements are synthesized on a single-beam SEM, and fidelity of reconstructed images are compared to the previously demonstrated approach. Since taking fewer measurements comes at the cost of reduced SNR, image fidelity as a function of undersampling ratio is reported.
Are 'Tax Aggressive' Firms Just Inflating Earnings?

We investigate whether low Cash ETRs are associated with two distinct effects — tax avoidance and low earnings quality — and if so, whether the two effects can be separated. Separating these effects is important: if upward earnings management is driving low Cash ETRs, inferences based on tax avoidance may not be valid. Our results demonstrate Cash ETRs are associated with both earnings quality and tax avoidance. We test an alternative measure, the ratio of cash taxes paid to pretax operating cash flows, and provide evidence that this measure mitigates the association with earnings quality while retaining the association with tax avoidance.