cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Literature in brief

Stuckler D, Basu S, McKee M, King L. Mass incarceration can explain population increases in TB and multidrug-resistant TB in European and central Asian countries. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008; 105(36):13280–5. Thomas JC, Torrone E. Incarceration as Forced Migration: Effects on Selected Community Health Outcomes. Prisons and Health. 2008; 98(9 Suppl): S181–4. These two articles both describe detrimental effects of increasing incarceration rates on population health. The Stuckler article evaluated the effect of increasing rates of incarceration on tuberculosis (TB) in Eastern European and Central Asian countries. They found that each percentage rise in the sentencing rate was associated with a 0.34% increase in TB incidence. The sentencing rates rose 60% from 1991 to 2002 in the countries surveyed. The net effect of this increase, after controlling for multiple variables, was a 20% rise in TB incidence, which accounted for three-fifths of the total 35% increase in TB incidence during that time frame. The authors conclude that more than the absolute number of prisoners, the rate of prison growth is the largest determinant of TB infection. The Thomas article examined the correlation between rates of incarceration and rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) and teen pregnancies in North Carolina from 1995 to 2002. They found that even after controlling for age, race, and poverty, STDs and teen pregnancies consistently increased with rising incarceration rates. Most notably, a county with a prison population rate in the 75th percentile had a 32% increase in teen pregnancies when compared to a county with a prison population rate in the 25th percentile. The authors argue that high rates of incarceration destabilize communities. With men ten times as likely to be imprisoned, incarceration lowers the ratio of men to women which has been shown to increase rates of teen pregnancy, syphilis, and gonorrhea in other studies.
Advanced practice nurse attitudes toward sex offender patients

Purpose: To determine advanced practice nurses’ (APNs’) attitudes and behaviors toward patients in their practices who are registered sex offenders. Data sources: An online survey of 300 APN members of a local APN organization asking respondents to identify the behavioral actions they were likely to agree or disagree with when faced with a scenario of realizing that a sex offender was a patient in their practice. Sixty-nine respondents submitted completed surveys. Conclusions: There was an ambiguity of behavioral responses and no consensus among APNs on how to respond to the issue of a sex offender patient in a healthcare practice. There was also a lack of awareness of whether sex offenders were patients in their practice. Implications for practice: The modest number of respondents and their demographic homogeneity limit the ability to draw any conclusions or generalizations from this study. While awareness of a known sex offender in a practice is unlikely to alter direct patient care, it may have an impact on office policies and procedures and should be a consideration of all involved staff, including providers, ancillary team members, and administrative personnel.
Differential Expression of Duplicated Opsin Genes in Two EyeTypes of Ostracod Crustaceans

In the first molecular study of ostracod (Crustacea) vision, we present partial cDNA sequences of ostracod visual pigment genes (opsins). We found strong support for differential expression of opsins in ostracod median and compound eyes and suggest that photoreceptor specific expression may be a general phenomenon in organisms with multiple receptors. We infer that eye-specific expression predates the divergence of the two species examined, Skogsbergia lerneri and Vargula hilgendorfii, because eye-specific opsin orthologs are present in both species. We found multiple opsin loci in ostracods, estimating that at least eight are present in Skogsbergia lerneri. All opsins from both ostracod species examined are more closely related to each other than to any other known opsin sequences. Because we find no evidence for gene conversion or alternative splicing, we suggest the occurrence of many recent gene duplications. Why ostracods may have retained multiple recent opsin gene duplicates is unknown, but we discuss several possible hypotheses.
A nonlocally weighted soft-constrained natural gradient algorithm and blind separation of strongly reverberant speech mixtures

A nonlocally weighted soft-constrained natural gradient iterative method is introduced for robust blind separation in reverberant environment. The scaling degree of freedom is controled by soft-constraints built into the auxillary difference equations. The small divisor problem of iterations in silence durations of speech is resolved. Computations on synthetic speech mixtures based on measured binaural room impulse responses show that the algorithm achieves consistently higher signal-to-interference ratio improvement (SIRI) than existing methods in enclosed rooms with reverberation time up to 1 second. At 1 second reverberation time, 5 decibel (dB) SIRI is achieved; while with the help of a spectral subtraction dereverberation technique for preprocessing, 9 dB of SIRI is obtained.
Development and applications of the distributed temperature and strain sensors based on Brillouin scattering

An automated distributed sensor system based on Brillouin scattering has been developed for temperature and strain measurement. This system can provide centimetre spatial resolution for simultaneous temperature and strain sensing with strain accuracy of 10-30 /spl mu//spl epsiv/ and temperature accuracy of 1-2/spl deg/C using polarization maintained fibres (PMF) and photonic crystal fibres (PCF). We used this sensor to detect a 1.5 cm crack in an optical ground wire.
Characterizing exons 11 and 1 promoters of the mu opioid receptor ( Oprm ) gene in transgenic mice

Background The complexity of the mouse mu opioid receptor (Oprm) gene was demonstrated by the identification of multiple alternatively spliced variants and promoters. Our previous studies have identified a novel promoter, exon 11 (E11) promoter, in the mouse Oprm gene. The E11 promoter is located ~10 kb upstream of the exon 1 (E1) promoter. The E11 promoter controls the expression of nine splice variants in the mouse Oprm gene. Distinguished from the TATA-less E1 promoter, the E11 promoter resembles a typical TATA-containing eukaryote class II promoter. The aim of this study is to further characterize the E11 and E1 promoters in vivo using a transgenic mouse model.
On the Success of Failure

1. Retention: many questions few answers 2. Children's pathways through the elementary and middle school years: retention+ 3. Characteristics and competencies of repeaters: who is held back? 4. Monitoring academic performance: test scores before and after retention 5. How retention affects performance on standardized tests 6. Teachers' classroom evaluations of repeaters: report card marks in reading and math 7. The stigma of retention: effects on children's sense of self, attitudes toward school and achievement orientations 8. Retention in the broader context of elementary and middle school tracking 9. The retention puzzle: problem, solution or signal?
Biomedical engineering technician internships

The benefits of biomedical engineering technician (BMET) internship programs are described. Three basic objectives for internship programs are discussed. The first objective is to provide a program that will influence the growth and technical competence of the BMET technicians in the internship program. The second objective is to allow the biomedical engineering department coordinating the internship program to grow and expand its services. The third is to provide trained and competent technicians that can be used as an employment resource for the coordinating BME department and other BME departments. The objective of the internship program can be met by creating a schedule of events that are used as program goals. >
Current report--HIV. Laboratory testing for the presence of HIV infection and the progression of HIV disease.

Laboratory tests for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are commonly performed for two reasons. First, diagnostic tests can determine whether a person has been infected by the virus. This testing is critically important for patient counselling. I At times, diagnostic testing may help establish whether infections, malignancies, or conditions such as weight loss or neurologic dysfunction are due to HIV infection. Second, certain tests have been used as "prognostic indicators" to estimate the stage and activity of HIV disease. These tests have also become important in identifying patients who might benefit from prophylactic therapy against 1I1V and Pneumocystis carinii.
Personalized Instruction of Physical Skills with a Social Robot

While robots have been used extensively for the purpose of teaching symbolic knowledge, using robots to teach or refine motor skills of humans, such as swinging a bat, or shooting a basketball, is underserved. Robots are uniquely well situated to observe physical movements, identify problems, prioritize which problems to address first, and to patiently communicate personalized advice to the student. We propose an architecture to coach physical skills, and focus on the second and third of these challenges - identifying problems with the movements, and prioritizing which to address first - as applied to the domain of shooting a basketball. We present a supervised learning approach to prioritize which problems to work on, and propose the design of several user studies that will determine the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Remembrance of Things Past

We live in a world of unprecedented complexity and astonishing possibility. We should never forget our past, for those who came before us in computing enabled those possibilities. The Web extra at https://youtu.be/-ovLxiHmbr0 is an audio podcast of this column.
Determinants of immunogenicity: flogging the old ovalbumin, again (APP5P.116)

During antigen presentation, the products of intracellular proteolysis capable of binding MHC I are presented to T cells on the cell surface in context of MHC I. We queried the sequence of ovalbumin (OVA) with the NetMHC 3.0 algorithm and based on a suitable NetMHC Matrix score or predicted IC50 values, identified 19 putative epitopes with potential to bind H-2Kb or H-2Db. Generally, IC50 of 500 nM is used as a threshold to distinguish between candidate and non-candidate epitopes; sequences with an IC50 500; range: 928 nM- 13219 nM). Interestingly, three of the nine weak binders elicit antigen specific responses in C57BL/6 mice. Six of the ten strong binders also elicit such responses, while four do not. Altogether, we have identified nine novel MHC class I restricted epitopes of ovalbumin, one of the most exhaustively used model antigens. Finally, we observe that synthetic peptides corresponding to two epitopes of OVA (one weak binder and one strong binder) do not elicit specific responses upon immunization; at the same time, responses against these epitopes can be observed upon immunization with OVA. We are exploring the molecular mechanisms of these observations.
Field-based teacher education in literacy: preparing teachers in real classroom contexts

For the past two decades, scholars have advocated for reforms in teacher education that emphasize relevant connections between theory and practice in university coursework and focus on clinical experiences. This paper is based on our experiences in designing and implementing an integrated literacy methods course in a field-based teacher education program. We describe issues involved in helping preservice teachers learn to differentiate literacy instruction for diverse learners in urban schools and describe how we use Grossman’s framework of representation, decomposition, and approximation of practice to connect theory and practice. We offer insights about the importance of using recursive cycles of practice and carefully scaffolded learning through attention to different aspects of practice. Initial successes and challenges in implementing field-based literacy education are discussed.
Volumetric structured illumination microscopy enabled by a tunable-focus lens

We present a mechanical-scan-free method for volumetric imaging of biological tissue. The optical sectioning is provided by structured illumination, and the depth of the imaging plane is varied using an electrically tunable-focus lens. We characterize and evaluate the ability of this axial-scanning mechanism in structured illumination microscopy and demonstrate its ability to perform subcellular resolution imaging in oral mucosa ex vivo. The proposed mechanism can potentially convert any wide-field microscope to a 3D-imaging platform without the need for mechanical scanning of imaging optics and/or sample.
4-Aminopyridine alters gait characteristics and enhances locomotion in spinal cord injured humans.

AbstractRecovery of useful motor function in humans with spinal cord injury (SCI) is a primary and elusive goal. In this preliminary study, we describe efforts to delineate the pharmacological effe...
Differential gene expression in seasonal sympatry: mechanisms involved in diverging life histories.

In an era of climate change, understanding the genetic and physiological mechanisms underlying flexibility in phenology and life history has gained greater importance. These mechanisms can be elucidated by comparing closely related populations that differ in key behavioural and physiological traits such as migration and timing of reproduction. We compared gene expression in two recently diverged dark-eyed Junco ( Junco hyemalis) subspecies that live in seasonal sympatry during winter and early spring, but that differ in behaviour and physiology, despite exposure to identical environmental cues. We identified 547 genes differentially expressed in blood and pectoral muscle. Genes involved in lipid transport and metabolism were highly expressed in migrant juncos, while genes involved in reproductive processes were highly expressed in resident breeders. Seasonal differences in gene expression in closely related populations residing in the same environment provide significant insights into mechanisms underlying variation in phenology and life history, and have potential implications for the role of seasonal timing differences in gene flow and reproductive isolation.
Vitamin D and urinary amino acid excretion in the rat.

SummaryFree alpha amino nitrogen as well as individual amino acids have been determined in urine of rats fed various diets with and without Vit. D. In contrast to infantile rickets, no aminoaciduria occurs in Vit. D deficiency whether strongly rachitogenic or non-rachitogenic diets are fed. Furthermore, a rachitogenic casein diet also produced no aminoaciduria.
Measuring Lineup Fairness Mock Witness Responses Versus Direct Evaluations of Lineups

Measures of lineup fairness typically utilize the responses of mock witnesses who attempt to identify the suspect in a lineup based solely on the physical description given by the eyewitnesses. Many people in the criminal justice system deride or fail to understand the relevance of these mock-witness-based indices. The present study compared several fairness indices derived from college student mock witnesses' responses with fairness measures based on more direct evaluations of lineup usefulness and fairness made by a sample of law officers and by another sample of college students. An overall fairness index derived from the mock witness responses related significantly to the law officers' usefulness and fairness categorizations. In general, usefulness and fairness indices calculated from the three sets of subject-college student mock witnesses, college student evaluators, and law officer evaluators-covaried with each other. The findings support the similarity of student-based, mock witness indices of lineup fairness to the fairness evaluations law officers would make of the same lineups.
GROWTH DYNAMICS IN CLADONIA GRAYI

The erect secondary thallus (podetium) of the lichen Cladonia grayi develops in distinct stages that can be traced to the development of its fungal meristem tissue. In early ontogeny, while the contiguous meristem grows unilaterally both outward and vertically, the gross morphology of the podetium resembles other cup-forming species. In later ontog- eny, when the divided meristem grows vertically, the podetium forms a subtly articulated spiral. The spiral growth form is most apparent in branching prolifer- ations that grow along the cup margin. The meristem tissue at the apex of these proliferations is curved, maturing sequentially in a spiral pattern. The prolif- erations curve in a spiral around the vertical axis of the podetium. Apothecia at the apex of proliferations curve in a similar manner. Evidence for spiral growth along the cup margin can also be inferred from the sequential development of pycnidia that emerge from it. Similar to early land plants, the growth dy- namics of C. grayi may represent an evolutionary ad- vance from an orthotropous growth pattern to a branched, photosynthetic thallus.
The Meaning and Measure of Policy Metaphors

The apparent ability of the American public to form coherent assessments of policy options—while being largely ignorant of political institutions, actors, and ideology—remains a persistent puzzle for political science. We develop a theory of political decision making that helps resolve this puzzle. We postulate that both the public and political elites comprehend complex policies in part through “reasoning by policy metaphor,” which involves comparisons between proposed alternative policies and more readily understood social institutions. Using data from 169 intensive interviews, we test claims about metaphorical reasoning for a particularly complex policy domain: health care reform. We demonstrate that our hypothesized policy metaphors are coherent to both elites and the general public, including the least sophisticated members of the public. We further show that elites and the public share a common understanding of the relevant policy metaphors, that metaphorical reasoning differs from other forms of analogic reasoning, and that metaphorical cognition is distinct from ideological orientation.
Detection and analysis of anti-HIV in along Yangtze River industrial development zone of Nangjing from 2008 to 2009

Objecitve:Analysis of different status and characteristics of AIDS epidemic,to develop effective prevention and control measures.Methods:On the 2008-2009 industrial development zone in Nanjing along the Yangtze River area in the HIV screening laboratory test data and network data directly reported cases collation,analysis.Results:In 2008 testing 6137 serum samples,confirmed HIV antibody positive in 8 cases,accounting for 0.13% in 2009,testing 7389 serum samples,confirmed HIV antibody positive in 21 cases,accounting for 0.28%,which confirmed the positive form is relatively high among other attenders,drug users and sexually transmitted diseases clinic population.Evident in the main infected population in the prime of life,youth group also increased,to unemployed mainly to injecting drug use as HIV transmission risk behaviors,sexually transmitted already beginning to show strong,more living in the town.Conclusion:Nanjing along the Yangtze River Industrial Development Zone is a low HIV prevalence areas,and to specific groups based there to the general population trends,it should increase the monitoring of special populations,for the general population,knowledge of AIDS prevention education to curb AIDS popular in our region and spread.
Monocyte-mediated destruction in the presence of serum of red cells coated with antibody.

Abstract In order to determine the conditions under which monocytes are able to destroy red cells coated with antibody in vitro in the presence of fluid-phase IgG, human peripheral blood monocytes and red cells coated with IgG anti-D antibody were incubated in media containing IgG (neat serum or medium containing 1000 µg/ml of purified IgGI). Although phagocytosis was markedly inhibited in media containing IgG, significant amounts of erythrophagocytosis were seen in these media. In neat serum, erythrophagocytosis was proportional to the concentration of red cells to 20 vol % and was not further increased at higher red cell volume. Phagocytosis was proportional to the concentration of RBC-bound antibody and was observed with as little as 1000–2000 molecules of antibody/RBC. Ingestion was markedly augmented by concurrent coating of the red cell with complement components; complement coating alone induced very little ingestion. Statistically significant extracellular red cell lysis, quantitated by measuring radioactive chromium release from 51Cr-labeled red cells, occurred in the presence of serum if the red-cell-monocyte mixture was centrifuged to a pellet prior to incubation. Lysis under these conditions was augmented by increasing red cell concentration. These studies demonstrate that destruction by monocytes of antibody-coated red cells can occur under conditions that obtain commonly in the body.
The lefty-related factor Xatv acts as a feedback inhibitor of nodal signaling in mesoderm induction and L-R axis development in xenopus.

In mouse, lefty genes play critical roles in the left-right (L-R) axis determination pathway. Here, we characterize the Xenopus lefty-related factor antivin (Xatv). Xatv expression is first observed in the marginal zone early during gastrulation, later becoming restricted to axial tissues. During tailbud stages, axial expression resolves to the neural tube floorplate, hypochord, and (transiently) the notochord anlage, and is joined by dynamic expression in the left lateral plate mesoderm (LPM) and left dorsal endoderm. An emerging paradigm in embryonic patterning is that secreted antagonists regulate the activity of intercellular signaling factors, thereby modulating cell fate specification. Xatv expression is rapidly induced by dorsoanterior-type mesoderm inducers such as activin or Xnr2. Xatv is not an inducer itself, but antagonizes both Xnr2 and activin. Together with its expression pattern, this suggests that Xatv functions during gastrulation in a negative feedback loop with Xnrs to affect the amount and/or character of mesoderm induced. Our data also provide insights into the way that lefty/nodal signals interact in the initiation of differential L-R morphogenesis. Right-sided misexpression of Xnr1 (endogenously expressed in the left LPM) induces bilateral Xatv expression. Left-sided Xatv overexpression suppresses Xnr1/XPitx2 expression in the left LPM, and leads to severely disturbed visceral asymmetry, suggesting that active ‘left’ signals are critical for L-R axis determination in frog embryos. We propose that the induction of lefty/Xatv in the left LPM by nodal/Xnr1 provides an efficient self-regulating mechanism to downregulate nodal/Xnr1 expression and ensure a transient ‘left’ signal within the embryo.
AgELESS: Aging estimation and lifetime enhancement in silicon systems

While there has been tremendous progress in understanding reliability mechanisms at the level of individual devices and wires, circuit designers have traditionally used little of this information. By understanding aging mechanisms and percolating aging information to all levels of design abstraction, functional and reliable chips may be built using an aging-aware design methodology that is scalable to the full-chip level. This talk will illustrate techniques used to estimate and enhance the reliability of large digital circuits under the AgELESS project. Practical solutions for analyzing and improving the lifetime of a design, both during the design stage and when the chip is in the field, will be illustrated.
Modeling and simulation of SiC MOSFET fast switching behavior under circuit parasitics

This paper presents a modeling methodology to predict from simulation the fast switching behavior of a silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFET under the influence of circuit parasitic impedances. A prototype SiC MOSFET has been tested and modeled based on the device characterization data in this work. The switching characteristics of the device have been obtained using a double-pulse tester, whose printed circuit board (PCB) and peripheral circuit components have also been modeled in accurate enough details to take their effects into account. The device and package models are then combined in a circuit simulation to predict the fast switching waveforms of the SiC MOSFET under the influence of parasitics. The good agreement between the simulation and the experiments verifies the effectiveness of this modeling process.
From transplanting Schwann cells in experimental rat spinal cord injury to their transplantation into human injured spinal cord in clinical trials

Among the potential therapies designed to repair the injured spinal cord is cell transplantation, notably the use of autologous adult human Schwann cells (SCs). Here, we detail some of the critical research accomplished over the last four decades to establish a foundation that enables these cells to be tested in clinical trials. New culture systems allowed novel information to be gained about SCs, including discovering ways to stimulate their proliferation to acquire adequately large numbers for transplantation into the injured human spinal cord. Transplantation of rat SCs into rat models of spinal cord injury has demonstrated that SCs promote repair of injured spinal cord. Additional work required to gain approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the first SC trial in the Miami Project is disclosed. This trial and a second one now underway are described.
Lights, Camera, Activism: Using a Film Series to Generate Feminist Dialogue About Campus Sexual Violence

We examine the use of an interdisciplinary film series, “2015 Sexism | Cinema: 50 Years on the Silver Screen,” as a space for discussion where attendees can discover allies, express critical thought, and advance their thinking. A film series is a useful response to the widespread problem of campus sexual assault in three critical ways: (a) a theater provides an informal, recreational space for discussion of feminist thought; (b) the content of the films highlights the insidious nature of sexual violence and gender inequality in our culture; and (c) there exists a degree of separation that subverts defensiveness while inspiring a critical dialogue. We discuss the utility of a film series as an accessible approach to the cultural antecedents of sexual violence on college campuses. We offer our own experiences of the film series and recommend film as a feminist pedagogical tool to address sexual violence.
Strain mediated multiferroic motors (Conference Presentation)

As traditional electric motors scale down, the available power density rapidly decreases. For a motor occupying a volume of 1 micron cubed, the available power density is roughly six orders of magnitude lower than a 1 millimeter cubed motor. Strain-mediated multiferroic heterostructures have recently been proposed to create high power density, micron scale, magnetic motors. These motors leverage magnetoelastic anisotropy to rotate the magnetic moment of a small disk, and use dipolar forces to couple rotors or beads to the stray magnetic field. A key challenge to the creation of these motors is to deterministically control magnetization rotations without the need for complex fabrication or control schemes. This presentation demonstrates how controlling the relative orientation of magnetic exchange bias and magnetoelastic anisotropies can be used to deterministically control motor rotations over a broad frequency range. A Stoner-Wohlfarth magnetic macrospin model is created that couples a single domain magnetic disc to a [011] cut PMN-PT substrate. This model accounts for magnetoelastic, shape, and exchange anisotropy energies. The exchange anisotropy is rotated relative to the biaxial strain created by the PMN-PT substrate. Results demonstrate precessional magnetization dynamics deterministically controlled with an oscillating voltage on the PMN-PT substrate. This approach enables 360 degree rotations over a broad frequency range. The frequency response is provided up through ferromagnetic resonance, and power density calculations are made with comparison to existing micromechanical motors.
Structural and metal-insulator transitions in rhenium-based double perovskites via orbital ordering

Re-based double perovskites (DPs) have garnered substantial attention due to their high Curie temperatures (${T}_{C}$) and display of complex interplay of structural and metal-insulator transitions (MIT). Here we systematically study the ground-state electronic and structural properties for a family of Re-based DPs ${A}_{2}B{\mathrm{ReO}}_{6}$ ($A$=Sr, Ca and $B$=Cr, Fe), which are related by a common low-energy Hamiltonian, using density functional theory +$U$ calculations. We show that the on-site interaction $U$ of Re induces orbital ordering (denoted C-OO), with each Re site having an occupied ${d}_{xy}$ orbital and a C-type alternation among ${d}_{xz}/{d}_{yz}$, resulting in an insulating state consistent with experimentally determined insulators ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$, ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$, and ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeReO}}_{6}$. The threshold value of ${U}_{Re}$ for orbital ordering is reduced by inducing ${E}_{g}$ octahedral distortions of the same C-type wavelength (denoted C-OD), which serves as a structural signature of the orbital ordering; octahedral tilting also reduces the threshold. The C-OO and the concomitant C-OD are a spontaneously broken symmetry for the Sr-based materials (i.e., ${a}^{0}{a}^{0}{c}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ tilt pattern), while not for the Ca-based systems (i.e., ${a}^{\ensuremath{-}}{a}^{\ensuremath{-}}{b}^{+}$ tilt pattern). Spin-orbit coupling does not qualitatively change the physics of the C-OO/C-OD, but can induce relevant quantitative changes. We prove that a single set of ${U}_{Cr},{U}_{Fe},{U}_{Re}$ capture the experimentally observed metallic state in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeReO}}_{6}$ and insulating states in other three systems. We predict that the C-OO is the origin of the insulating state in ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$, and that the concomitant C-OD may be experimentally observed at sufficiently low temperatures (i.e., space group $P{4}_{2}/m$) in pure samples. Additionally, given our prescribed values of $U$, we show that the C-OO induced insulating state in ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{CrReO}}_{6}$ will survive even if the C-OD amplitude is suppressed (e.g., due to thermal fluctuations). The role of the C-OO/C-OD in the discontinuous, temperature driven MIT in ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}{\mathrm{FeReO}}_{6}$ is discussed.
The Effect of Age on Crossmodal Matching using Auditory Frequency

A limited number of multimodal studies conduct crossmodal matching – a step to ensure cues are perceived to be of equal intensity across sensory modalities. The majority of work on crossmodal match...
On the Separability of Physical Systems

In the context of Bell-type experiments, two notions of "separability" emerge from the application of some simple considerations from information theory. The first of these applies to physical states construed as probability measures, while the second applies to states construed in terms of "elements of physical reality". The former is found to be logically equivalent to the "completeness" constraint (a.k.a. "outcome independence" or "factorizabilility") in Bell-type arguments. Moreover, it is found that there are theories that are separable in the first sense but which are empirically equivalent to no theory that is separable in the second sense. I offer some speculations about the significance of these and a few related results. Bell's Theorem and the associated empirical tests of the Bell Inequalities are widely considered to reveal some strikingly non-classical features of our world. In the in- terest of trying to come to a fuller understanding of these features, I wish to propose some suggestions for how we might characterize the "separability" (or lack thereof) of systems in entangled states. For this purpose, I offer the following brief summary
Organic-based magnon spintronics

Magnonics concepts utilize spin-wave quanta (magnons) for information transmission, processing and storage. To convert information carried by magnons into an electric signal promises compatibility of magnonic devices with conventional electronic devices, that is, magnon spintronics 1 . Magnons in inorganic materials have been studied widely with respect to their generation2,3, transport4,5 and detection 6 . In contrast, resonant spin waves in the room-temperature organic-based ferrimagnet vanadium tetracyanoethylene (V(TCNE) x (x ≈ 2)), were detected only recently 7 . Herein we report room-temperature coherent magnon generation, transport and detection in films and devices based on V(TCNE) x using three different techniques, which include broadband ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), Brillouin light scattering (BLS) and spin pumping into a Pt adjacent layer. V(TCNE) x can be grown as neat films on a large variety of substrates, and it exhibits extremely low Gilbert damping comparable to that in yttrium iron garnet. Our studies establish an alternative use for organic-based magnets, which, because of their synthetic versatility, may substantially enrich the field of magnon spintronics. Generation, transport and detection of spin-wave quanta in vanadium tetracyanoethylene, an organic ferrimagnet with low Gilbert damping, are reported.
Ultra-High-Density MCF Connector Technology

This talk will present our single-/multi-fiber multi-core fiber (MCF) connectors with the insertion loss of less than 1 dB and physical contact achieved by rotational fiber alignment mechanism and MCF-optimized end face polishing method, respectively.
Disciplined freedom, branded authenticity, and dependable independence: how tensions enact flexibility in lifestyle blogging careers

Analyzing 219 blog posts from 52 self-employed women lifestyle bloggers in North America, this study shows how these digital professionals navigate tensions and communicatively constitute work flex...
BIM-Driven Automated Decision Support System for Safety Planning of Temporary Structures

AbstractTemporary structures are essential to support various activities of a construction project. Proper utilization of temporary structures can have a significant influence on critical aspects o...
Contribution of plant fibers in improving the behavior and capacity of reinforced concrete for structural applications

Abstract Plant fibers (especially, wheat straw) are available surplus to requirements in sub-tropical regions. Many researchers have studied these fibers for non-structural applications. However, for civil engineering structural applications, in depth behavior of wheat straw reinforced concrete (WSRC) with steel rebars is not known. For this purpose, WSRC needs to be explored in detail for load bearing structures. This paper presents the contribution of plant fibers (i.e. wheat straw) in improving the behavior and capacity of reinforced concrete for structural applications. Reinforced concrete beam-lets with varying flexure and shear rebars, without and with inclusion of wheat straw, are experimentally investigated for studying the altered behavior due to fibers. In addition, to start with the practical implications, concrete pavements are considered. The study is concluded with an increase in flexural strength (up to 7.5%), energy absorption (up to 30.4%), and toughness indices (up to 11.1%) along with better crack arresting mechanism by incorporation of wheat straw in reinforced concrete. Also, concrete pavement containing wheat straw has comparable design with likely more durable and sustainable structure.
Sexuality and Pregnancy Before and After Kidney Transplantation

One of the many successes provided by solid organ transplantation is restoration of sexual and reproductive function. These are two areas often given limited discussion, yet they are important elements of a normal life. This chapter will review published literature on sexuality and reproduction and provide guidelines for the counseling and management of patients before and after pregnancy.
The Reciprocity Law

Gauss called the quadratic reciprocity law “the golden theorem.” He was the first to give a valid proof of this theorem. In fact, he found nine different proofs. After this he worked on biquadratic reciprocity, obtaining the correct statement, but not finding a proof. The first to do so were Eisenstein and Jacobi. The history of the general reciprocity law is long and complicated involving the creation of a good portion of algebraic number theory and class field theory. By contrast, it is possible to formulate and prove a very general reciprocity law for A = F[T] without introducing much machinery. Dedekind proved an analogue of the quadratic reciprocity law for A in the last century. Carlitz thought he was the first to prove the general reciprocity law for F[T]. However O. Ore pointed out to him that F.K. Schmidt had already published the result, albeit in a somewhat obscure place (Erlanger Sitzungsberichte, Vol. 58–59, 1928). See Carlitz [2] for this remark and also for a number of references in which Carlitz gives different proofs the reciprocity law. We will present a particularly simple and elegant proof due to Carlitz. The only tools necessary will be a few results from the theory of finite fields.
Maternal Depression Scale: Do "Drop-In" Laborist Patients Have Increased Postpartum Screening Risks Compared to Patients with Adequate Prenatal Care?

Objectives The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) identifies women with depressive symptoms in pregnancy. Our primary objective was to determine the prevalence of EPDS screen-positive women delivering on our no prenatal care (laborist) service and to compare these patients to private patients delivering with prenatal care. Methods Retrospective cohort analysis of EPDS scores during January 1, 2015 to June 18, 2015 was conducted. Scores ≥ 10 were considered at-risk. Results were analyzed as an aggregate and then as no prenatal care versus prenatal care. Characteristics for patients with at-risk scores (EPDS ≥ 10) versus low-risk scores (EPDS 10 showed non-significant distributions of ethnicity, private insurance, Medicaid, or no insurance compared to patients with EPDS 10. Laborist services providing care to "drop-in" patients should recognize this increased risk and develop policies for screening, referral and follow-up of at-risk patients.
Foundations of Stated Preference Elicitation: Consumer Behavior and Choice-based Conjoint Analysis

Foundations of Stated Preference Elicitation: Consumer Behavior and Choice-based Conjoint Analysis
Redescription of Brachiosaurid Sauropod Dinosaur Material From the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation, Colorado, USA

Like many long-standing dinosaur taxa, Brachiosaurus altithorax from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of North America suffers from taxonomic issues stemming from a relatively incomplete holotype. Lack of anatomical overlap has precluded definitive referral of important specimens, including a mostly complete skull discovered in 1883. We redescribe this skull and some other significant brachiosaurid specimens based on new preparation and computed tomographic (CT) data. We argue that these elements are most parsimoniously referred to B. altithorax. Including these tentatively referred elements in a phylogenetic analysis does not alter the hypothesized relationships of B. altithorax, congruent with the presence of a single brachiosaurid taxon across western North America in the Late Jurassic. Based on CT data, we estimate that B. altithorax had a slower tooth replacement rate than Camarasaurus or the diplodocoids it shared Morrison Formation landscapes with, which suggests a difference in diet and/or feeding strategy. Anat Rec, 303:732-758, 2020. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Caged Animal: The Avant-garde Artist in Edmond and Jules de Goncourt’s Manette Salomon

In Manette Salomon (1867), Edmond de Goncourt (1822–1896) and Jules de Goncourt (1830–1870) depict the Jardin des Plantes’ menagerie as a utopia where artists are able to experience a profound connection with animals, which enables them to see differently. This chapter critiques the fact that this interaction between artists and animals takes place within an urban zoo. Critical readings of Manette Salomon have not discussed the novel in terms of ambivalence and either condemn the authors’ conservative biases or champion their elegy of nature. In an era of urban development, those who did not neatly fit within the framework of the capitalistic city were relegated to its margins. Through historical documents of the Jardin des Plantes and close readings, Nettleton demonstrates how the novel depicts the avant-garde artist of the Second Empire as like a caged animal, whose revolutionary vision is both bound and protected by societal constraints.
Influence of Consensus Orientation Practices on Performance of County Governments in Kenya

The devolved system of governance was adopted to ensure development in all regions and effectiveness in service delivery for all Kenyans. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the consensus orientation practices on the performance of county governments in Kenya. The study used a descriptive and explanatory cross-sectional survey method. The unit of analysis was the county government. The counties in which data was collected helped in the generalization of findings to all the Kenyan 47 counties. For this study, a sample of 354 was arrived at. A simple random sampling method was adopted for selecting the respondents. The study used a questionnaire for the collection of primary data. Data analysis was done with the help of a statistical analysis program. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were obtained for the study’s variables and this information was presented in graphs and frequency tables. Inferential statistics included regression analysis that was used to test the significance between dependent and the independent variables. The researcher observed respondents’ rights to privacy and safety. The study established that consensus orientation had a significant influence on the performance of county governments in Kenya and concluded that consensus orientation influences the performance of county governments in Kenya. The study recommends that Governors need to sensitize county directors to work in consultation with other stakeholders to ensure that all feel part of the developmental agenda for the county. There is a need for county governments to set effective regulations through the Public Procurement Regulatory Authority to regulate and shape the county’s procurement procedures.
Weight bias and grading among middle and high school teachers

Background Weight bias is a pervasive problem for adolescents in school contexts. Despite evidence of negative attitudes towards students who are overweight, comparatively little research has examined whether teachers provide biased assessments of student work. Aims The purpose of this study was to experimentally test whether middle and high school teachers unfairly assess students who are overweight and perceive them to be less competent. Sample Participants included 133 teachers from first-ring suburban middle and high schools (Mteaching experience = 16 years; 38% male). Methods Teachers evaluated the quality of a bogus student essay assignment accompanied by photographs that portrayed the student as either not overweight or overweight. Weight bias was assessed by having teachers grade the essay and provide perceptions of student sufficiency (perceived effort, need for tutoring, and overall success in school). Opinions about bias in grading for other teachers and self were also assessed. Results Essays for students who were overweight were judged to be similar in structural quality, but were assigned lower grades compared to their healthy weight counterparts. Further, teachers estimated that students who were overweight put forth more effort, needed more remedial assistance, and had lower overall grades in school. Teachers' beliefs about grading bias showed low levels of supposed bias among other teachers and a significantly lesser degree for themselves. Conclusions This study confirms prior research on anti-fat attitudes and provides new evidence of biased attitudes in school settings.
Fracture Healing in Collagen-Related Preclinical Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a genetic bone dysplasia characterized by bone deformities and fractures caused by low bone mass and impaired bone quality. OI is a genetically heterogeneous disorder that most commonly arises from dominant mutations in genes encoding type I collagen (COL1A1 and COL1A2). In addition, OI is recessively inherited with the majority of cases resulting from mutations in prolyl-3-hydroxylation complex members, which includes cartilage-associated protein (CRTAP). OI patients are at an increased risk of fracture throughout their lifetimes. However, non-union or delayed healing has been reported in 24% of fractures and 52% of osteotomies. Additionally, refractures typically go unreported, making the frequency of refractures in OI patients unknown. Thus, there is an unmet need to better understand the mechanisms by which OI affects fracture healing. Using an open tibial fracture model, our study demonstrates delayed healing in both Col1a2 G610c/+ and Crtap -/- OI mouse models (dominant and recessive OI, respectively) that is associated with reduced callus size and predicted strength. Callus cartilage distribution and chondrocyte maturation were altered in OI, suggesting accelerated cartilage differentiation. Importantly, we determined that healed fractured tibia in female OI mice are biomechanically weaker when compared with the contralateral unfractured bone, suggesting that abnormal OI fracture healing OI may prime future refracture at the same location. We have previously shown upregulated TGF-β signaling in OI and we confirm this in the context of fracture healing. Interestingly, treatment of Crtap -/- mice with the anti-TGF-β antibody 1D11 resulted in further reduced callus size and predicted strength, highlighting the importance of investigating dose response in treatment strategies. These data provide valuable insight into the effect of the extracellular matrix (ECM) on fracture healing, a poorly understood mechanism, and support the need for prevention of primary fractures to decrease incidence of refracture and deformity in OI patients. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.