cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Hibernia Oilfield – effects of episodic tectonism on structural character and reservoir compartmentalization

The giant Hibernia Oilfield in the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, the first hydrocarbon development on the Grand Banks of Newfoundland, began production from an ice-resistant, concrete gravity base platform in November 1997. An estimated 615 × 10 6 BBL recoverable oil reserves are trapped in a highly faulted and south-plunging anticline. The tectonic stresses experienced on the western North Atlantic margin have largely controlled the density and size distribution of faults which limit and partition the Hibernia structure. More than 30 fault blocks have been identified at one major oil and gas reservoir alone, the fluvial–deltaic Hibernia Formation. Interpretations of relationships between the times of tectonism and changing stress directions with fault ages, orientations, and styles are based on comparison of a 1991 vintage 3D seismic survey along with data from one discovery, nine delineation and two development wells. There appear to have been three main episodes of extension that affected the oilfield. The first extensional episode spanned the Late Triassic into the Early Jurassic. Adjacent to the Hibernia Oilfield, initial rifting resulted in growth of NE-trending, en echelon faults that were subsequently amalgamated into the major basin-bounding Murre Fault. Deposition of the Hibernia Formation sandstones occurred during the second tectonic episode that spanned Late Jurassic into Early Cretaceous time. Faults of this vintage in the Hibernia Oilfield are normal and mostly formed synthetic to the re-activated Murre Fault in response to E–W oriented extension. The most marked fault growth occurred during the third tectonic episode. This late Early Cretaceous rift episode was co-eval with deposition of another major oil reservoir (the marginal to shallow marine ‘Avalon’ formation) which is targeted for development. Numerous normal faults formed orthogonal to the basin margin, thereby transecting and rotating the Hibernia structure. Fault development during the latest rift episode also responded to basin margin effects as a result of reactivation of the Murre Fault as a zone of oblique-slip. For example, the character of the large Rankin and Nautilus faults changes from relatively planar to distinctly listric moving from east to west. Additionally, sinistral deflections in the trace of the Murre Fault corresponding to linkages of the en echelon offsets formed during the first rift episode are interpreted to have controlled the location of the largest northeast dipping faults formed during the third rift episode. The largest faults formed during the third rift episode clearly compartmentalize the Hibernia reservoir while the sealing capacity of faults formed during deposition of the Hibernia sandstones remains unquantified.
Acute tarsal tunnel syndrome in a pregnant woman following surgical repair of bimalleolar fracture: A case report and review of the literature

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is generally a subacute condition that gradually develops and worsens with time. Urgent tarsal tunnel release to treat an acute onset of symptomatic neurocompression within the tarsal tunnel following a fracture repair has not been previously reported. We present a case of a pregnant woman who developed an acute tarsal tunnel syndrome following an open reduction internal fixation of an ankle fracture. The urgent release of the tarsal tunnel resulted in resolution of her symptoms.
Parental Perceptions of Oral Health Related Quality of Life for Children that Receive Care on Give Kids a Smile Day

PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE FOR CHILDREN THAT RECEIVE CARE ON GIVE KIDS A SMILE DAY By Andrew Clayton Gibson DDS A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2016 Thesis Advisor: Elizabeth Berry, DDS, MS, MPH Vice Chair, Assistant Professor, Department of Pediatric Dentistry Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the oral health-related quality of life for patients treated at Give Kids a Smile. Methods: Participants were asked to complete a 25question survey regarding their child’s oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL), with answers ranked on a 0 to 4 point scale. Results: A total of 78 questionnaires were completed, with the mean score of 5.19. Conclusions: Give Kids a Smile was created to treat children with unmet oral healthcare needs, therefore it was hypothesized that the OHRQoL for the children treated would be negatively impacted and thus this score high. This was not demonstrated in the current study and these findings could be due to a variety of factors, including relying on the parent to report the child’s symptoms as well as low oral health literacy for parents completing the questionnaires.
Resistance in Strawberry Isolates of Colletotrichum acutatum from Florida to Quinone-Outside Inhibitor Fungicides

Anthracnose fruit rot of strawberry, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, is a major disease in Florida and frequent quinone-outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicide applications are needed for disease control. From 1994 to 2014, 181 C. acutatum isolates were collected from multiple strawberry fields in Florida with or without QoI spray history. Sensitivity to azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin was tested based upon mycelial growth and germ tube elongation inhibition. Mean effective concentration where growth was reduced by 50% (EC50) values for isolates collected prior to 2013 based upon mycelial growth were 0.22 and 0.013 μg/ml and upon germ tube elongation were 0.57 and 0.03 μg/ml for azoxystrobin and pyraclostrobin, respectively. Mycelial growth and germ tube elongation of 48 isolates collected in 2013 and 2014 were not inhibited with azoxystrobin at 3 μg/ml and pyraclostrobin at 0.110 μg/ml. A fungicide discriminatory dose assay indicated that 43 of the 48 isolates had EC50 values higher than 100 and 10 μg/ml fo...
American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons-Endorsed Comorbidity Coding for Total Joint Arthroplasty: How Often Did We Hit the Mark With International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision?

Abstract Background Initiatives led by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons and the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons (AAHKS) have indicated a number of clinical risk factors associated with total joint arthroplasty that might reflect the complexity of contemporary hip and knee care. This study sought to examine the prevalence of specific International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), coding with respect to an AAHKS-endorsed list of comorbidity codes. Methods An administrative data set from an academic arthroplasty referral center was analyzed in an attempt to measure the prevalence of clinical risk factors (ICD-9) endorsed by AAHKS. Total, partial, and revision joint arthroplasty procedures from January 1, 2012, to April 27, 2015, were included. Demographic data, along with diagnosis and procedural coding data, were collected and analyzed. Results Results analysis found a number of poorly coded variables. The following variables were omitted in the data: narcotic use, worker's compensation status, previous intra-articular infection, previous open reduction and internal fixation knee, and depression/psychiatric disease. Likewise, there was a discrepancy between the rate of ICD coding for obesity and body mass index measurements and categorization recorded in the clinic. Conclusion From this single-center study, there remain opportunities for coding to adequately reflect the comorbidities and complexities of patients undergoing arthroplasty.
Novel Calmodulin Mutation (CALM3-A103V) Associated with CPVT Syndrome Activates Arrhythmogenic Ca Waves and Sparks

Introduction: Calmodulin (CaM) is an essential Ca2+ signaling protein in a wide range of biological processes. In the dyadic cleft CaM binds to RyR2, Cav1.2 and CaMKII. CaM mutations are associated with an autosomal dominant syndrome of sudden death that can present with clinical features of catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT) or long QT syndrome (LQTS). CPVT-linked CaM mutations activate ryanodine receptor (RyR2) Ca release channels; whereas LQTS-CaMs have no effects on RyR2 channels but prolong the action potential by impairing L-type Ca current (LTCC) inactivation. Here we report a novel CaM mutation – A103V – in CALM3, in a 10 year old female with episodes of exertion-induced syncope and normal QT interval consistent with CPVT. Her mother is mutation positive and also had a positive exercise stress test.Methods: CaM-A103V Ca binding affinity was measured by spectrofluorometry. Ca handling and LTCC were tested in mouse ventricular myocytes dialyzed with WT or the mutant CaM and compared to a published CPVT CaM mutant (N54I).Results: A103V modestly lowered CaM Ca binding affinity (3-fold reduction vs WT-CaM). In permeabilized myocytes, A103V-CaMs at a physiological intracellular concentration (100nM) promoted significantly higher spontaneous Ca wave and spark activity, a typical cellular phenotype of CPVT. Even a 1:4 mixture of A103V-CaM:WT-CaM activated Ca waves, demonstrating functional dominance. In voltage-clamped cardiomyocytes dialyzed with WT or mutant CaM, CaM-A103V had significantly less effects on LTCC inactivation compared to published CaM mutants that cause LQTS.Conclusion: A103V CaM shares functional characteristics with the established CPVT-CaM N54I. A small proportion of A103V-CaM is sufficient to evoke arrhythmogenic Ca disturbances, which explains the autosomal dominant inheritance.
Embattled Rebel: Jefferson Davis as Commander in Chief. By James M. McPherson. (New York, NY: Penguin Press, 2014. Pp. 301. $32.95.)

When perhaps the greatest living Civil War historian—arguably the greatest who ever lived—suggests that Confederate President Jefferson Davis's reputation as commander in chief has too long been un...
Egf Signaling Directs Neoblast Repopulation by Regulating Asymmetric Cell Division in Planarians.

A large population of proliferative stem cells (neoblasts) is required for physiological tissue homeostasis and post-injury regeneration in planarians. Recent studies indicate that survival of a few neoblasts after sublethal irradiation results in the clonal expansion of the surviving stem cells and the eventual restoration of tissue homeostasis and regenerative capacity. However, the precise mechanisms regulating the population dynamics of neoblasts remain largely unknown. Here, we uncovered a central role for epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling during in vivo neoblast expansion mediated by Smed-egfr-3 (egfr-3) and its putative ligand Smed-neuregulin-7 (nrg-7). Furthermore, the EGF receptor-3 protein localizes asymmetrically on the cytoplasmic membrane of neoblasts, and the ratio of asymmetric to symmetric cell divisions decreases significantly in egfr-3(RNAi) worms. Our results not only provide the first molecular evidence of asymmetric stem cell divisions in planarians, but also demonstrate that EGF signaling likely functions as an essential regulator of neoblast clonal expansion.
Psychometric Analyses of the Birthday Party.

The present research focuses on the psychometric properties of the Birthday Party measure for ages 3–5. The Birthday Party was developed to provide a reliable, valid, and engaging measure of early mathematical content—Number and Operation, Shape, Space, and Pattern—that can be given in either a short or a long form to English and Spanish speakers. 522 preschoolers (147 for age three, 226 for age four, and 149 for age five) were tested with both the Birthday Party and a criterion measure: the mathematics portion of the Young Children’s Achievement Test to examine reliability and validity. Overall, the technical adequacy of the Birthday Party was established as follows: (1) the results indicated that the Birthday Party was reliable and showed evidence to support both criterion and construct validity, (2) the Spanish version of the Birthday Party displayed adequate reliability and validity results, as well as equivalence with the English version of the Birthday Party, and (3) a short version of the Birthday Party is available as a screening measure to help aid in the early identification of children who are weak in foundational mathematical skills and add to the Birthday Party’s practicality and usability.
(−)-Epicatechin, a Natural Flavonoid Compound, Protects Astrocytes Against Hemoglobin Toxicity via Nrf2 and AP-1 Signaling Pathways

(-)-Epicatechin is a brain-permeable, natural product found at high concentrations in green tea and cocoa. Our previous research has shown that (-)-epicatechin treatment reduces hemorrhagic stroke injury via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway in vivo. However, the mechanism of action of this compound in modulation of oxidant stress and in protection against hemoglobin-induced astrocyte injury is unclear. Therefore, we explored the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie these protective effects in vitro. Mouse primary astrocytes isolated from wild-type mice and Nrf2 knockout (KO) mice were preconditioned with hemoglobin to simulate intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in vitro. Effects of (-)-epicatechin were measured by Western blotting, immunostaining, MTT assay, and reactive oxidant stress (ROS) assay. (-)-Epicatechin increased Nrf2 nuclear accumulation and cytoplasmic levels of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) in wild-type astrocytes but did not increase SOD1 expression in Nrf2 knockout (KO) astrocytes. Furthermore, (-)-epicatechin treatment did not alter heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) expression in wild-type astrocytes after hemoglobin exposure, but it did decrease HO1 expression in similarly treated Nrf2 KO astrocytes. In both wild-type and Nrf2 KO astrocytes, (-)-epicatechin suppressed phosphorylated JNK and nuclear expression of JNK, c-jun, and c-fos, indicating that inhibition of activator protein-1 (AP-1) activity by (-)-epicatechin is Nrf2-independent. These novel findings indicate that (-)-epicatechin protects astrocytes against hemoglobin toxicity through upregulation of Nrf2 and inhibition of AP-1 activity. These cellular and molecular effects may partially explain the cerebroprotection as we previously observed for (-)-epicatechin in animal models of ICH.
Light sheet illumination with an integrated photonic probe

We have designed an implantable integrated photonic probe that produces a plane of illumination. The planar illumination pattern is produced using aluminum nitride waveguide gratings and microlenses compatible with light sheet microscopy within scattering tissue.
The Role of Volatiles in Coal Combustion

Our knowledge of the role of volatiles in coal combustion ranges at this time from the self-evident to the ambiguous. The clearest point on which all agree is that pyrolysis will occur during the total coal combustion process, and the volatile matter products can then burn completely or partially in the vapor phase, depending on a variety of factors. The significance of the pyrolysis and VM combustion process to the overall combustion process is, however, open to argument.
Of Internet born: idolatry, the Slender Man meme, and the feminization of digital spaces

AbstractThis paper examines 96 US and British Commonwealth articles on the 2014 Wisconsin Slender Man stabbing. Using critical textual analysis, this study examined how media took a horror-themed meme from the underbelly of the Internet and curated a moral panic, once the meme was thrust into the international limelight. Because memes are a particular intersection of images and technology, media made sense of this meme-inspired attack in three ways: (1) through an idolatrous tone that played on long-standing Western anxieties over images; (2) by hyper-sensationalizing women’s so-called frivolous uses of technology; and (3) by removing blame from the assailants and, in turn, finding the Internet and the Slender Man meme guilty in the court of public opinion. Through this tripartite rhetoric, this study suggests that when media set out to curate a moral panic surrounding images and technology, together, the discourse that emerges is one that feminizes the Internet, turning it into technology-as-mother and i...
Embodied Thinking as Empathy through Gaming: Perspective Taking in a Complex World

In 2009, following the announcement of the retirement of Supreme Court Justice David Souter, Justice Sonia Sotomayor was the first Hispanic and third woman in history to be nominated to the Supreme Court of the United States. Despite a strong, impressive track record as a justice and a legal scholar, Sotomayor found herself in a somewhat defensive position against attacks from many in the opposition party. Interestingly, these concerns were not spurred by anything Sotomayor herself had said or done—but rather by a comment from then President Obama that referenced her capacity for “empathy” as being an important and positive quality for the job. As the President noted, “I view that quality of empathy, of understanding and identifying with people’s hopes and struggles as an essential ingredient for arriving at just decisions.”
Using Dendrochronology to Investigate the Historical and Educational Value of two Log Structures at Bear Paw State Natural Area, North Carolina, USA

Abstract During May 2013, the Bear Paw State Natural Area near Boone, North Carolina acquired an 11.5 ha tract of land and two log cabins from David Wray of Blowing Rock, North Carolina. Work was soon underway to determine the historical nature of these two buildings and to evaluate them for consideration for the National Register of Historic Places. A historic structure report, completed as a collaboration between Appalachian State University and the North Carolina Division of Parks and Recreation, was unable to discover much about the history of the two log cabins except that they were both likely moved to their current location in the early 20th Century. To determine when the cabins were built, we extracted core samples from logs in both cabins and compared the tree-ring patterns to region-wide, precisely-dated reference chronologies. We dated the tulip poplar tree-ring chronology from the Big Cabin to the period 1675–1859. Cutting dates on several of the logs revealed tree harvest likely occurred betw...
The Actuality of Philosophy: Critical Reflections on Hermeneutic Communism

Philosophy is not an adventure in modesty. Most philosophers do not want to talk about this or that particular person, but about the whole concept of man or human beings. They are not interested in capturing the spirit of an epoch, but of humanity’s entire history. Nor are they concerned about one particular way of reasoning, but about Reason. They like to write about the “most important questions” that, if left unanswered, will drive us toward catastrophes. Socrates’ insistence to Thrasymachus that they should continue talking about the importance of the soul is a vintage example. Kant writes about the preconditions of knowledge; Nietzsche, about the turmoil of the entire Western civilization; Hegel about the whole of Western history until it found its highest echelon in the state; Marx about the same history but with his radar on the ground, close to the material reality of the producers. Heidegger writes about Being. Hermeneutic communism is a refreshing example of this expansive and capacious project. Its central concepts are Being, emancipation, event, contingency. The goal is to hasten the demise of metaphysics and to propose a conception of philosophy that seeks to deepen the conflicts of the present along with the necessary awareness of those conflicts.
What's parenting got to do with it: emotional autonomy and brain and behavioral responses to emotional conflict in children and adolescents.

Healthy parenting may be protective against the development of emotional psychopathology, particularly for children reared in stressful environments. Little is known, however, about the brain and behavioral mechanisms underlying this association, particularly during childhood and adolescence, when emotional disorders frequently emerge. Here, we demonstrate that psychological control, a parenting strategy known to limit socioemotional development in children, is associated with altered brain and behavioral responses to emotional conflict in 27 at-risk (urban, lower income) youth, ages 9–16. In particular, youth reporting higher parental psychological control demonstrated lower activity in the left anterior insula, a brain area involved in emotion conflict processing, and submitted faster but less accurate behavioral responses—possibly reflecting an avoidant pattern. Effects were not replicated for parental care, and did not generalize to an analogous nonemotional conflict task. We also find evidence that behavioral responses to emotional conflict bridge the previously reported link between parental overcontrol and anxiety in children. Effects of psychological control may reflect a parenting style that limits opportunities to practice self-regulation when faced with emotionally charged situations. Results support the notion that parenting strategies that facilitate appropriate amounts of socioemotional competence and autonomy in children may be protective against social and emotional difficulties.
Mutations of transforming growth factor beta 1 type II receptor, BAX, and insulin-like growth factor II receptor genes in microsatellite unstable cell lines.

Inactivation of the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system allows the genome to accumulate mutations because of failure to correct mispairing of nucleotides and slippage mistakes at microsatellite sequences (termed microsatellite instability ?MSI?). While most mutations are acquired in noncoding regions by virtue of its larger share of DNA, mutations may occur in exons of genes that contain microsatellite sequences. The type II receptor for TGF beta 1 (TGF beta RII), the insulin-like growth factor II receptor (IGFIIR), and the proapoptotic gene BAX have been shown to contain mononucleotide microsatellites, and in MSI tumors, mutations may occur in these sequences late in the multistep carcinogenesis pathway. Here, we characterize 9 cell lines for MSI and mutations in TGF beta RII, BAX, and IGFIIR by PCR-based assays. The MMR-proficient cell lines SW480 and HT29 demonstrate stability at microsatellite sequences and do not have mutations in TGF beta RII, BAX, or IGFIIR. The MMR-deficient cell lines LoVo, SW48, LS174t, and HCT116 all demonstrate MSI and have only mutant alleles of TGF beta RII. Additionally, SW48 cells were heterozygous for wild-type and mutant IGFIIR. While LoVo and LS174t cells possessed only mutant BAX alleles, HCT116 was heterozygous and SW48 had only the wild-type allele. The MMR-deficient ovarian cell line 2774 demonstrated MSI, but showed only wild-type TGF beta RII, IGFIIR, and BAX alleles. In HCT116+ch2 cells, there was no genotypic change from the hMLH1-mutated HCT116 cells. In HCT116+ch3 cells, MSI was corrected, and this cell line became heterozygous for mutant and wild-type TGF beta RII because wild-type hMLH1 and TGF beta RII are both located on chromosome 3. Thus, the presence of a defective MMR system correlates with MSI, and the wild-type allele of TGF beta RII was absent in all microsatellite unstable colon cell lines, whereas the absence of wild-type BAX occurred in only two colon cell lines. In ovarian cancer cells with MSI, mutations in TGF beta RII, BAX, and IGFIIR may be unimportant in the genesis of this tumor.
Mackie's Realism: Queer Pigs and the Web of Belief

The chapter argues that we should draw the line between realist and antirealist metaethics according to whether a theory locates the explanation for the special, puzzling features of moral terms and concepts out in the world, with the content of moral thoughts, or inside the head. This taxonomy places Mackie's error theory in the realist category, contrary to the usual scheme. The paper suggests that in looking for the “queerness” of objective value in the metaphysics of moral properties, Mackie makes a mistake parallel to a fantastic mistake made by some of the characters in E. B. White's Charlotte's Web.
Liquid Crystal-Gold Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials

The interplay between liquid crystals and gold nanoparticles, i.e. liquid crystalline gold nanoparticle materials, is challenging as well as fascinating for creating novel functional materials. The resulting hybrid materials hold great promise in many applications such as displays, optics, optoelectronics, sensors, and metamaterials due to their unique properties. In this chapter, the fundamentals of liquid crystals and gold nanoparticles are introduced, and the intriguing progresses of hybrid materials, although in their early stage, are summarized and discussed. These hybrid materials not only could improve device performances, but also the well-organized gold nanoparticles driven by the intrinsic nature of liquid crystal could contribute to the very interesting research topic of the functional metamaterials, i.e. a class of artificial materials having properties that never exist in nature such as unusual electromagnetic properties (e.g. negative refractive index materials for cloaking devices).
A Review of the Vapor Phase Pyrolysis of Biomass Derived Volatile Matter

Upon heating, biomass materials undergo solid phase pyrolysis at relatively low temperatures (> 300 oC), forming reactive volatile matter, a few permanent gas species and solid char. Unlike the various coals and peats, biomass materials typically lose 70% or more of their weight by the solid phase pyrolysis reactions. This transformation of the bulk of the biomass material from the solid to the vapor phase suggests the important role of vapor phase chemistry in the pyrolysis of biomass materials. Recognizing the highly reactive nature of the major constituents of the volatile matter, the significance of the vapor phase chemistry becomes even more apparent.
Weight(s) of complicity.

International non-governmental organisations (INGO) face a dilemma when deciding whether to intervene in crisis situations where their efforts can be exploited or co-opted by others: intervene and risk becoming complicit with wrongdoing or sit on the sidelines and consign vulnerable people to the ravages of neglect or oppression. In “‘He who helps the guilty, shares the crime’? INGOs, moral narcissism and complicity in wrongdoing,” Buth et al argue that concerns about complicity often stifle ethical debate and encourage moral narcissism. We argue that neglecting concerns about complicity can foster a different form of moral narcissism and that where worries of complicity are present, aid efforts face three types of risk: risks to others created by contributing to wrongful acts or bad outcomes; risks to the moral integrity of the INGO and its personnel; and risks to social trust in the INGO. In the end, we challenge the assumption that there is a unique, ethically best way to reconcile these values. We suggest that the causes of justice and humanity might be better served by a diverse community of INGOs who each gives different weight to these concerns, than if each INGO adopts the same framework for reconciling these competing demands.
Truthmaking and the is–ought gap

This paper is an attempt to apply the truthmaker approach, recently developed by a number of authors, to the problem of providing an adequate formulation of the is–ought gap. I begin by setting up the problem and criticizing some other accounts of how the problem should be stated; I then introduce the basic apparatus of truth-making and show how it may be extended to include both descriptive and normative truth-makers; I next consider how the gap principle should be formulated, attempting to deal as systematically as possible with the ‘harmless’ counter-examples; I also consider the relationship between the gap principle and various other doctrines concerning the separation between the normative and descriptive realms; and I conclude this part of the paper with some general remarks in favor of adopting the truth-maker approach over some of the alternative approaches. The paper concludes with a formal appendix, which gives precise expression to some of claims made in the previous informal part of the paper.
"It's so Cute I Could Crush It!": Understanding Neural Mechanisms of Cute Aggression.

Abstract The urge people get to squeeze or bite cute things, albeit without desire to cause harm, is known as “cute aggression”. Using electrophysiology (ERP), we measured components related to emotional salience and reward processing. Participants aged 18-40 years (n = 54) saw four sets of images: cute babies, less cute babies, cute (baby) animals, and less cute (adult) animals. On measures of cute aggression, feeling overwhelmed by positive emotions, approachability, appraisal of cuteness, and feelings of caretaking, participants rated more cute animals significantly higher than less cute animals. There were significant correlations between participants’ self-report of behaviors related to cute aggression and ratings of cute aggression in the current study. N200. A significant effect of “cuteness” was observed for animals such that a larger N200 was elicited after more versus less cute animals. A significant correlation between N200 amplitude and the tendency to express positive emotions in a dimorphous manner (e.g. crying when happy) was observed. RewP. For animals and babies separately, we subtracted the less cute condition from the more cute condition. A significant correlation was observed between RewP amplitude to cute animals and ratings of cute aggression towards cute animals. RewP amplitude was used in mediation models. Mediation Models. Using PROCESS (Hayes, 2013), mediation models were run. For both animals and babies, the relationship between appraisal and cute aggression was significantly mediated by feeling overwhelmed. For cute animals, the relationship between N200 amplitude and cute aggression was significantly mediated by feeling overwhelmed. For cute animals, there was significant serial mediation for RewP amplitude through caretaking, to feeling overwhelmed, to cute aggression, and RewP amplitude through appraisal, to feeling overwhelmed, to cute aggression. Our results indicate that feelings of cute aggression relate to feeling overwhelmed and feelings of caretaking. In terms of neural mechanisms, cute aggression is related to both reward processing and emotional salience.
Psychological factors related to resilience and vulnerability among youth with HIV in an integrated care setting.

Approximately 22% of HIV diagnoses in 2015 occurred among youth aged 13–24. Much is known about the risk factors and psychopathology present in youth living with HIV (YLWH), however, relatively lit...
Robot-Assisted Medial Compartment Arthroplasty Following Remote Patellectomy: A Case Report.

Introduction Total patellectomies are uncommon procedures that are reserved as salvage treatment for severely comminuted fractures of the patella. Due to the alteration of normal joint mechanics, these patients present later on in life with degenerative cartilage damage to the femorotibial joint and altered extensor mechanism. There are very few reports of unicondylar knee arthroplasties following previous patellectomy and none that specifically address robot-assisted unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. A recent case report by Pang et al. described the use of minimally invasive fixed-bearing unicondylar knee arthroplasty in a patellectomized patient with moderate medial compartment osteoarthritis. Our report details a case with more significant chondral loss along with patellar tendon subluxation. Case Report This is a case report of a patient with severe medial compartment osteoarthritis after a patellectomy following a motor vehicle collision. After failing conservative treatment, the patient underwent a medial MAKOplasty with complete resolution of arthritic pain. Conclusion Significant pain relief and improved knee function can be achieved with MAKOPlasty partial knee resurfacing system in a previously patellectomized patient with severe medial compartment osteoarthritis.
Institutionalism and European Integration

The European Union (EU) is without question the most densely institutionalized international organization in the world. Small wonder, then, that the body of literature known under the rubric of “the new institutionalism” has been applied with increasing frequency and success to the study of the Union as a polity and to European integration as a process. This paper examines rational choice and historical institutionalism and their contributions to EU studies, in five parts. Following a brief introduction, Part 2 traces the origins of rational choice and historical institutionalism, both of which explore the role of institutions in political life, albeit with different emphases. Rational choice institutionalism explores how rational actors design political institutions to maximize their utility, and how those institutions subsequently shape and constrain decision-making in domestic and international politics. Historical institutionalists share this interest, but also explore how institutions develop over time, and how early institutional choices structure their subsequent, path-dependent development. In Part 3, we turn to the EU, exploring the ways in which scholars have drawn on institutionalist theories to understand and explain the legislative, executive, and judicial politics of the EU, as well as the development of EU institutions and policies over time. Part 4 applies institutionalist theory to the task of explaining the origins of the Eurozone sovereign debt crisis as well as the EU’s response. Historical institutionalist theory, I suggest, generates important insights into the problematic design of the original Maastricht EMU provisions, as well as the EU’s incremental, path-dependent response, and the suboptimal outcome of the crisis. In Part 5, I conclude by suggesting that institutionalist theories offer a variety of valuable insights into the design, effects, and development of EU institutions, while at the same time remaining compatible with other theoretical approaches in the EU scholar’s toolkit.
Survivors of Sex Trafficking: Occupation-Based Intervention for Executive Functioning

AbstractPersons traumatized through sex trafficking can demonstrate executive function (EF) deficits. We explored whether occupation-based (OB) interventions used with females who had been traffick...
“One Out of Ten Ain’t Going to Make It”: An Analysis of Recovery Capital in the Rural Upper Midwest:

Substance use and associated fatalities are disproportionately experienced by rural communities. This study used consensual qualitative research methodology to analyze focus group data from individ...
JTE-607, a multiple cytokine production inhibitor, targets CPSF3 and inhibits pre-mRNA processing

JTE-607 is a small molecule that was developed as an inflammatory cytokine inhibitor and also as an anti-leukemia reagent for monocytic leukemia. However, the mode of action of JTE-607 remains unknown. In this study, we identified JTE-607 to be a prodrug compound that is converted to an active form by ester hydrolysis. Furthermore, we determined that the active form of JTE-607 bound cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 3 (CPSF3), using compound-immobilized affinity chromatography. CPSF3 is a 73-kDa subunit of the cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex, which functions as an RNA endonuclease. The protein is involved in the 3'-end processing of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) at the cleavage site located downstream of the poly(A) addition signal. We found that treatment with JTE-607 caused accumulation of pre-mRNAs. Furthermore, knockdown experiments showed that CPSF3 deficiency also caused accumulation of pre-mRNAs and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, like JTE-607. These findings indicated that CPSF3 is a direct target of JTE-607 and a new potential target for the treatment of disease-related abnormal cytokine production.
Integrated Meta-omics Reveals a Fungus-Associated Bacteriome and Distinct Functional Pathways in Clostridioides difficile Infection

There has been no prior application of matched metagenomics and metatranscriptomics in Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) evaluating the role of fungi in CDI or identifying community functions that contribute to the development of this disease. We collected diarrheal stools from 49 inpatients (18 of whom tested positive for CDI) under stringent inclusion criteria. We utilized a tiered sequencing approach to identify enriched bacterial and fungal taxa, using 16S and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, with matched metagenomics and metatranscriptomics performed on a subset of the population. Distinct bacterial and fungal compositions distinguished CDI-positive and -negative patients, with the greatest differentiation between the cohorts observed based on bacterial metatranscriptomics. Bipartite network analyses demonstrated that Aspergillus and Penicillium taxa shared a strong positive relationship in CDI patients and together formed negative cooccurring relationships with several bacterial taxa, including the Oscillospira, Comamonadaceae, Microbacteriaceae, and Cytophagaceae Metatranscriptomics revealed enriched pathways in CDI patients associated with biofilm production primarily driven by Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas, quorum-sensing proteins, and two-component systems related to functions such as osmotic regulation, linoleic acid metabolism, and flagellar assembly. Differential expression of functional pathways unveiled a mechanism by which the causal dysbiosis of CDI may self-perpetuate, potentially contributing to treatment failures. We propose that CDI has a distinct fungus-associated bacteriome, and this first description of metatranscriptomics in human subjects with CDI demonstrates that inflammation, osmotic changes, and biofilm production are key elements of CDI pathophysiology.IMPORTANCE Our data suggest a potential role for fungi in the most common nosocomial bacterial infection in the United States, introducing the concept of a transkingdom interaction between bacteria and fungi in this disease. We also provide the first direct measure of microbial community function in Clostridioides difficile infection using patient-derived tissue samples, revealing antibiotic-independent mechanisms by which C. difficile infection may resist a return to a healthy gut microbiome.
Radioactivity of Ag 111 , Cd 111 , In 111 , and Sn 111

By considering the 111-isobars as a unit it has been possible to specify the spin and parity of the ground states of ${\mathrm{Ag}}^{111}$, ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{111}$, ${\mathrm{In}}^{111}$, and ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{111}$, and of four excited states of ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{111}$. The characteristics of the transitions between these levels are given. The electron spectra associated with a 5-hr ${\mathrm{In}}^{110}$, 4.2-hr ${\mathrm{In}}^{109}$, and 50-min ${\mathrm{In}}^{108}$ are also given.
Comparing energy and water use of aqueous and gas‐based metalworking fluids

Gas‐based metalworking fluids (MWFs) have been proposed as alternative coolants and lubricants in machining operations to mitigate concerns surrounding water use and pollution, industrial hygiene, occupational health, and performance limitations associated with water‐based (aqueous) MWFs that are ubiquitously used in the metals manufacturing industry. This study compares the primary energy and water use associated with the consumptive use, delivery, and disposal of aqueous MWFs with three gas‐based MWFs in the literature—minimum quantity lubricant‐in‐compressed air (MQL), liquid/gaseous N, and liquid/supercritical CO. The comparison accounts for reported differences in machining performance in peer‐reviewed experimental studies across several machining processes and materials. The analysis shows that despite the reported improvement in tool life with N and CO‐based MWFs, the electricity‐ and water‐intensive separation and purification processes for N and CO lead to their higher primary energy and water use per volume of material machined relative to water‐based MWFs. Although MQL is found to have lower primary energy use, significant consumptive water use associated with the vegetable oil commonly used with this MWF leads to higher overall water use than aqueous MWF, which is operated in a recirculative system. Gas‐based MWFs thus shift the water use upstream of the manufacturing plant. Primary energy and water use of gas‐based MWFs could be reduced by focusing on achieving higher material removal rates and throughput compared to aqueous MWF instead of solely targeting improvements in tool life. Additionally, the consumptive use of CO and N MWFs could be minimized by optimizing their flow rates and delivery to precisely meet the cooling and lubrication needs of specific machining processes instead of flooding the tool and workpiece with these gases. This article met the requirements for a gold–gold JIE data openness badge described at .
A Theory of Captive Relationships in Distribution Channels

Firms are increasingly required to leverage resources and capabilities of trading partners in order to compete in the highly interdependent global business environment of the 21st century. Consequently, effective relationship management is essential to operational and financial performance. Over the past two decades, scholars have proposed several theoretical approaches to understanding the key drivers to successful relationship performance (e.g., Palmatier, Dant and Grewal 2007). Implicit in these prescriptive models is the assumption of the firm’s freedom to choose appropriate trading partners. Researchers have largely failed to consider “the ubiquitous influence of the institutional environment” that could significantly limit the firm’s active choice (Grewal and Dharwadkar 2002, p. 82). For example, government regulations require manufacturers of alcoholic beverages to sell their products to certain distributors in order to reach consumers in various regions of the United States. Similarly, manufacturers of pharmaceuticals may be restricted to a small set of prequalified suppliers in foreign countries. Hence a key question is, ‘What is the effect of constrained choice on relationship management?’
Preservice classroom teachers’ perspectives on a comprehensive school physical activity programme:

Objective:Classroom teachers can play an important role in supporting the implementation of a Comprehensive School Physical Activity Programme (CSPAP) by integrating physical activity (PA) into aca...
Black Health Matters Too… Especially in the Era of Covid-19: How Poverty and Race Converge to Reduce Access to Quality Housing, Safe Neighborhoods, and Health and Wellness Services and Increase the Risk of Co-morbidities Associated with Global Pandemics

This research offers an alternative to the singular focus on improving health services to the African American community to increase their resilience to health-related co-morbidities associated with Covid-19 deaths. This study employs a participatory action research (PAR) approach, where local non-profit organizations and researchers partnered with a challenged community in a self-study of intergenerational poverty related to health issues and the various obstacles to breaking this cycle. A quantitative and qualitative analysis of interview and focus group data suggests that the majority of those living in poor neighborhoods report reducing intersectional factors that are the cause and function of intergenerational poverty would reduce poverty and by extension increase African Americans’ resilience to health-related mortality. Analysis of data related to overlapping obstacles like lack of access to safe housing and quality health services offers both context and insight about how policies addressing poverty reduction may offer pathways for reducing the co-morbidities associated with pandemic risk for African Americans.
Progress in MgCl2 supported Ziegler-Natta catalyzed polyolefin products and applications

The innovation of Ziegler-Natta (Z-N) catalysts opened a novel aspect of chemistry in terms of polyolefin formation. Significant progress of more than fifty years in catalytic olefin polymerization simplified polyolefin production by optimizing the reaction conditions and internal donors. In this review, we particularly emphasized on recent development on different internal donor based Z-N catalyst systems, the role of external electron donors and co-catalyst chemistry. Furthermore, the Ziegler-Natta catalyst system, polymerization reaction, and polymer process technologies gradually upgrading to produce different polyolefin products. In particular, polyolefin fibers, composites, foam, blends and polyolefin-based 3D-printing products targeted in this review for substantial benefits of both society and highly diversified industries.
Spatially distributed infection increases viral load in a computational model of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection

A key question in SARS-CoV-2 infection is why viral loads and patient outcomes vary dramatically across individuals. Because spatial-temporal dynamics of viral spread and immune response are challenging to study in vivo, we developed Spatial Immune Model of Coronavirus (SIMCoV), a scalable computational model that simulates billions of lung cells, including respiratory epithelial cells and T cells. SIMCoV replicates viral growth dynamics observed in patients and shows that spatially dispersed infections lead to increased viral loads. The model shows how the timing and strength of the T cell response can affect viral persistence, oscillations, and control. When the branching airway structure is explicitly represented, we find that virus spreads faster than in a 2D layer of epithelial cells, but much more slowly than in an undifferentiated 3D grid or in a well-mixed ODE model. These results illustrate how realistic spatially explicit computational models can improve understanding of within-host dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Mitochondrial genetic variation in human bioenergetics, adaptation, and adult disease

Objectives Mitochondria are critical for the survival of eukaryotic organisms due to their ability to produce cellular energy, which drives virtually all aspects of host biology. However, the effects of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation in relation to disease etiology and adaptation within contemporary global human populations remains incompletely understood. Methods To develop a more holistic understanding of the role of mtDNA diversity in human adaptation, health, and disease, we investigated mitochondrial biology and bioenergetics. More specifically, we synthesized details from studies of mitochondrial function and variation in the context of haplogroup background, climatic adaptation, and oxidative disease. Results The majority of studies show that mtDNA variation arose during modern human dispersal around the world. Some of these variants appear to have been positively selected for their adaptiveness in colder climates, with these sequence changes having implications for tissue-specific function and thermogenic capacity. In addition, many variants modulating energy production are also associated with damaging metabolic byproducts and mitochondrial dysfunction, which, in turn, are implicated in the onset and severity of several different adult mitochondrial diseases. Thus, mtDNA variation that governs bioenergetics, metabolism, and thermoregulation may potentially have adverse consequences for human health, depending on the genetic background and context in which it occurs. Conclusions Our review suggests that the mitochondrial research field would benefit from independently replicating mtDNA haplogroup-phenotype associations across global populations, incorporating potentially confounding environmental, demographic, and disease covariates into studies of mtDNA variation, and extending association-based studies to include analyses of complete mitogenomes and assays of mitochondrial function.