cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobility of Elements in Long-term Leaching Tests on Illinois #6 Coal Rejects

Abstract In this study, the conventional short-term TCLP test provided no significant information regarding leaching of elements from two reject fractions from a commercial preparation plant cleaning Illinois #6 coal. As a result, two long-term leaching tests of up to five months duration were developed to examine the mobility of major and trace elements associated with these coal rejects in different disposal scenarios. The baseline test described in this investigation can be envisioned as simulating the quiescent conditions experienced by coal rejects stored under water in a stable impoundment, whereas the kinetic test is more appropriate for rejects exposed to the atmosphere, whether in dry storage conditions, or in unusual circumstances such as those resulting from breaching of an impoundment containment wall. The kinetic test, which is based on ASTM Standard Method D-5744, consisted of a weekly cycle in which the rejects were alternately exposed to dry and moist air for 3 days each before being subjected to aqueous leaching on the seventh day. In contrast, the baseline test consisted of simply storing the reject samples under water for the entire period. For the Illinois #6 coal reject samples, the pH of the leachant remained constant and near neutral (6 3FeS2 + 3H2O + 13.5O2 + [Na+]sol'n → NaFe3(SO4)2(OH)6 + 4[SO42−]sol'n with AsO43− substituting for the SO42− group in the insoluble sulfate. None of the lithophile elements (K, V, Cr, Al, Si) associated with illite was observed to be significantly leached in either test. The order (rate) of release of various elements during the kinetic test is largely determined by their mineralogical association: calcite > pyrite > illite.
Relationship of Plasma Digitoxin and Digoxin to Cardiac Response Following Intravenous Digitalization in Man

The value of plasma digitalis determinations will depend upon the accuracy with which they mirror the myocardial effects of digitalis. Ten volunteers received 0.8 mg of digitoxin intravenously, and after 2 hours the mean plasma digitoxin level was 45.6 ± 6 mµg/ml but declined over 4 to 6 hours during plasma-tissue equilibration. The cardiac response, as indicated by decreases in the left ventricular ejection time index (LVETI) and Q-S2 intervals ( P < 0.01), was present at 2 hours and reached maximum at 4 to 6 hours. Subsequently, plasma level, LVETI, and Q-S2 changed in the same direction during slow excretion. Six subjects received 1.0 mg of digoxin intravenously. Mean plasma digoxin at 30 min was 6.8 ± 0.3 mµg/ml; it fell after 3 to 4 hours to levels usually seen during maintenance digoxin administration (<3 mµg/ml) and then declined more slowly. Correlation of individual digoxin levels with ΔLVETI values during the first 4 hours was significant ( P < 0.01). The half-life (T½) for the dominant slope of the plasma curve was 30.5 hours by plasma determinations and 29 hours by LVETI determination. Plasma levels of digitoxin and digoxin were related to their cardiac effects under the conditions studied. Prior to plasma-tissue equilibration, plasma determinations of digoxin and digitoxin will be higher than levels seen during maintenance administration of these drugs.
The transfer gap in systematic desensitization: an analogue study.

Abstract The effect of systematic desensitization upon snake fearful subjects was compared in two conditions. In the first, relaxation was paired with imagined scenes of the snake, and in the second with a real snake. The second group improved more in a behavioral approach test and evidenced less anxiety as measured by GSR than the first group. The results point to an inefficiency of the imaginative process, and the possibility that behavioral change is enhanced by contact with the feared object.
Assimilating MetaBorg: embedding language tools in languages

The MetaBorg usage pattern allows concrete syntax to be associated with application programmer interfaces (API's). Once a concrete syntax is defined, library writers use the Stratego language to write transformations from the concrete syntax to API data and calls in the host language. The result is a compile time translator from the combined host and domain languages to the host language. This translator is not programmable at compile time, and little or none of the infrastructure can be leveraged by a program at run time.These limitations make the MetaBorg pattern difficult or impractical to use in interactive programming. One possibility for adding interactivity to language assimilation is the application of the MetaBorg pattern to Stratego/XT itself. Assimilating language tools into languages, especially dynamic languages, better serves incremental and interactive development. Furthermore, language tool assimilation allows experimentation with language extension at compiler-compile time, compile time, load time and run time.This paper looks at language tool assimilation and makes three contributions. First, it introduces the domain-specific optimization use case as an additional problem that Stratego and related technology might solve. Second, it "partially evaluates" the MetaBorg pattern on the domain-specific languages used in Stratego/XT. Third, and finally, it generalizes the result of the MetaBorg partial evaluation, identifying several applications and application strategies.
Mechanical properties of biocompatible protein polymer thin films

A silklike protein with fibronectin functionality (SLPF) (ProNectin F®, Protein Polymer Technologies, Inc.) is a genetically engineered protein polymer containing structural and biofunctional segments. The mechanical properties and deformation mechanisms of electrostatically deposited SLPF thin films were examined by scratch testing, tensile testing, and nanoindentation. Scanning electron microscopy and scanned probe microscopy revealed that the macroscopic properties were a sensitive function of microstructure. The SLPF films were relatively brittle in tension, with typical elongation-to-break values of 3%. Nanoindentation data were fit to a power law relationship.
Selective l-nitroargininylaminopyrrolidine and l-nitroargininylaminopiperidine neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors

Abstract Selective inhibition of the localized excess production of NO by neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been targeted as a potential means of treating various neurological disorders. Based on observations from the X-ray crystal structures of complexes of nNOS with two nNOS-selective inhibitors, (4S)-N-{4-amino-5-[(2-amino)ethylamino]pentyl}-N′-nitroguanidine ( l -Arg(NO2)- l -Dbu-NH2 (1) and 4-N-(Nω-nitro- l -argininyl)-trans-4-amino- l -proline amide (2), a series of descarboxamide analogues was designed and synthesized (3–7). The most potent compound was aminopyrrolidine analogue 3, which exhibited better potency and selectivity for nNOS than parent compound 2. In addition, 3 provided higher lipophilicity and a lower molecular weight than 2, therefore having better physicochemical properties. Nα-Methylated analogues (8–11) also were prepared for increased lipophilicity of the inhibitors, but they had 4- to 5-fold weaker binding affinity compared to their parent compounds.
Inhibition of growth in young mice treated with pentazocine: reversal by naltrexone.

Abstract One week old mice were injected subcutaneously once daily with d,l-methadone (5 mg/kg), pentazocine, naltrexone, naloxone, nalorphine or nalbuphine, each at 10 mg/kg. The remaining half of each litter was used as control. Only methadone and pentazocine groups showed reduced weight gain after 3 weeks of treatment (P
Meaning Making Lived Experience of Elizabeth Gilbert

This essay is about Elizabeth Gilbert’s pursuit to find a connection to something greater than herself, for happiness and balance after a life changing event in her life. It is based on her book “Eat and pray Love” is a biography of her encounters, as she searches for herself. It is a brief overview as she embarks on a mission for solitude, truth, harmony, unity and meaning in life through Italy, India, and Indonesia.
Formation of Carbon Nanofibers and Thin Films Catalyzed by Palladium in Ethylene−Hydrogen Mixtures

The nature of observed growth of solid carbon on palladium from ethylene−hydrogen mixtures is consistent with the supposition that the primary source of carbon for growth is homogeneously generated radicals. Evidence includes the lack of growth in the absence of a reacting mixture, sharp maxima as a function of temperature, and dramatic differences in temperature of growth as a function of mixture composition. The finding that the structure of the support strongly influenced the morphology of the solid carbon, and the temperature regime for deposition, is also consistent with this model. Carbon nanofibers were found to form on sputtered palladium films and palladium nanopowder (ca. 700 °C), whereas planar carbon structures deposited on palladium micrometer powder and foil (ca. 600 °C). A radical species growth mechanism is consistent not only with observations made herein but also with data presented in earlier studies.
Neonatal progesterone and feminine sexual development.

IT has been generally concluded that the inherent programme of sexual differentiation in both sexes of mammals is female. If androgens are present during the critical periods of sexual differentiation, then both genetic males and females will be organised for masculine reproductive organs1, hepatic steroidogenic enzymes2, hypothalamic control of gonadotropin secretion (tonic)3 and sexual behaviour4; whereas an absence of either gonad during the critical developmental periods allows for the expression of the inborn female programme1–3,5. These results have led to the generally held concept that feminine differentiation requires no hormonal imprinting and will occur normally as long as androgens are not present during the critical periods of sexual embryogenesis. We have reported, however, that interference with perinatal pituitary or adrenal function in female rats causes defects in normal pubertal feminine development which suggests that endogenous hormones may be essential for feminine organisation6. Unlike oestradiol and testosterone which both masculinise the female rat7, progesterone treatment antagonises these effects and protects the developing female from exogenous oestrogens and androgens8. In fact, serum progesterone levels in the foetal monkey have been shown to be significantly higher in the female than in the male9 and we have recently postulated that perinatal progesterone may be required for feminine neural differentiation10. We present here evidence demonstrating that neonatal female rats have a markedly higher level of serum and adrenal progesterone than do neonatal males, and since serum progesterone levels can be further increased by exogenous gonadotropins–adrenal (progesterone) axis may be required for normal feminine sexual differentiation.
Utilizing research assistants and maintaining research integrity

The appropriate use and supervision of research assistants is essential to the success of a research study and the avoidance of academic misconduct. The focus of this article is to provide guidelines for the new principal investigator regarding hiring, contracting, orienting, monitoring, and evaluating research assistants. Particular attention is given to techniques that will avoid academic misconduct resulting from research assistants being uninformed or unsupervised.
Ovulation rate, zygote recovery and follicular populations in FSH-superovulated goats treated with PGF2α and/or GnRH

Follicular development and ovulation were examined in superovulated Nubian and Nubian-cross dairy goats following prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and/or gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) treatment. Estrus was synchronized with Synchromate-B® implants. Superovulation was induced with follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and augmented with GnRH and/or PGF2α. The PGF2α treatment was administered on Day 2 of superovulation. Implants were removed from all goats on Day 3 of superovulation. The GnRH treatment was administered 24 h after implant removal. All does were exposed to fertile males for 48 h at the time of GnRH injection. Surgical embryo recovery and ovarian response evaluation were conducted 64 to 78.5 h after implant removal. The number of ovulations was higher with GnRH treatment (18.5 ± 7; x ± SEM) than that in the controls (5.3 ± 4.1; P < 0.05). There were fewer follicles in the GnRH-treated does than in the untreated does (10.9 ± 2.9 vs 22.1 ± 3.2; P < 0.05). The number of follicles smaller than 4 mm in diameter (5.8 ± 0.8) did not differ between treatments. The GnRH-treated does had fewer 4- to 8-mm follicles (4.2 ± 2.0 vs 9.1 ± 1.6; P < 0.05) and fewer follicles larger than 8 mm (0.7 ± 1.4 vs 7.3 ± 1.6; P < 0.01) than the controls. Predicted times for 1- and 2-cell embryo recoveries were 68.5 and 73.7 h following implant removal, respectively. This study demonstrates that GnRH is an effective supplement used with FSH superovulation regimens in dairy goats. Moreover, GnRH provides for enhanced early embryo collection for DNA microinjection studies.
Sexual orientation and boyhood gender conformity: development of the boyhood gender conformity scale (BGCS)

Two hundred twenty-eight respondents (110 heterosexuals and 118 homosexuals) completed a survey containing a 20-item Boyhood Gender Conformity Scale (BGCS). This scale was largely composed of edited and abridged gender items from Part A of Freund et al.'s Feminine Gender Identity Scale (FGISA) and Whitam's “childhood indicators.” The combined scale was developed in an attempt to obtain a reliable, valid, and potent discriminating instrument for accurately classifying adult male respondents for sexual orientation on the basis of their reported boyhood gender conformity or nonconforming behavior and identity. In addition, 33% of these respondents were administered the original FGIS-A and Whitam inventory during a 2-week test-retest analysis conducted to determine the validity and reliability of the new instrument. All the original items significantly discriminated between heterosexual and homosexual respondents. From these a 13-item function and a 5-item function proved to be the most powerful discriminators between the two groups. Significant correlations between each of the three scales and a very high test-retest correlation coefficient supported the reliability and validity assumption for the BGCS. The conclusion was made that the five-item function (playing with boys, prefering boys' games, imagining self as sports figure, reading adventure and sports stories, considered a “sissy”) was the most potent and parsimonious discriminator among adult males for sexual orientation. It was similarly noted that the absence of masculine behaviors and traits appeared to be a more powerful predictor of later homosexual orientation than the traditionally feminine or cross-sexed traits and behaviors.
Follow-up of Pediatric Patients with Recurrent Infection and Mild Serologic Immune Abnormalities

Background Children with recurrent infections significant enough to warrant referral to an immunologist frequently have mild abnormalities of the humoral immune system. Parents of these children are generally reassured that their child will outgrow the clinical problems that prompted their referral. Objective This is a retrospective study with the objective being to evaluate changes in immune measurements and clinical status of children with recurrent infections followed in an immunology clinic. Methods Forty-two patients (mean age 60 months) previously evaluated for recurrent infections were re-evaluated after at least 12 months (mean 37 months). Initial evaluation studies included quantitative immunoglobulins in all patients and IgG subclass determinations and pre- and postvaccination pneumococcal polysaccharide antibody titers in a subpopulation of patients. Results Patients were assigned to one of two categories: those with initial laboratory abnormalitites (27 patients) and those with normal initial studies (15 patients). Among the patients with initial abnormalities, partial IgA deficiency was most commonly seen (20/27). It persisted in 15. Only 6/27 patients had studies that were completely normal on follow-up. Among patients with no initial abnormality, 9/15 developed a partial deficiency of at least one immunoglobulin isotype or IgG subclass. Eighty-six percent of the patients were clinically improved at the time of their last follow-up visit regardless of their laboratory values. Conclusions A high proportion of children with recurrent infection have persistent, partial immunoglobulin deficiencies lasting in some cases for years. Despite this finding almost all patients demonstrate clinical improvement with time.
Electron microscopic localization of cholinesterase activity in Alzheimer brain tissue

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity was localized by electron microscopic enzyme cytochemistry in cortex from Alzheimer brains and brains from non-demented cases. In the tangle-rich medial temporal cortex of the Alzheimer brain, most of the neuronal AChE was associated with neurofibrillary tangles. These structures also contained BChE activity. In normal neurons AChE activity was found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, nuclear envelope and Golgi apparatus. Little BChE activity was noted in normal cortex. In neuritic plaques, AChE and BChE activity was associated mostly with the amyloid, but also with the neuritic component.
Guest editorial: special issue on data mining with matrices, graphs and tensors

The field of data mining increasingly adapts methods and algorithms from advanced matrix computations, graph theory and optimization. In these methods, the data is described using matrix representations (graphs are represented by their adjacency matrices) and the data mining problem is formulated as an optimization problem with matrix variables. With these, the data mining task becomes a process of minimizing or maximizing a desired objective function of matrix variables. Prominent examples include spectral clustering, non-negative matrix factorization, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) related clustering and dimension reduction, tensor analysis and L-1 regularization. These matrix-formulated optimization-centric methodologies are rapidly becoming a significant part of data mining, and have evolved into a popular and rapidlyexpanding research area for solving challenging data mining problems. First, they are amenable to vigorous analysis and benefit from the well-established knowledge in linear algebra, graph theory and optimization accumulated through centuries. Second, they can be efficiently computed thanks to the mature software tools developed by scientific computing communities. Third, they are simple to implement and easy to
Roles of recruiter political skill, influence strategy, and organization reputation in recruitment effectiveness in college sports

Recruitment of top talent is one of the most important things organizations do, and if they do it well, it can be a source of sustained competitive advantage. In this article, we propose that recruiting effectiveness has a lot to do with the individual qualities and characteristics of the coaches doing the recruiting, in addition to the reputation of the university. Indeed, we argue that recruiters' political skills equip them to select the proper combination of situationally appropriate influence tactics in the formulation of their influence strategy, while also leveraging the organization's reputation in order to ensure recruitment effectiveness. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bacterial Degradation of Selected Organics in Natural Waters of Northeastern Minnesota

Abstract An evaluation of a standardized kinetic procedure that determines the ability of bacteria to degrade organic pollutants was conducted using natural water samples from the Lake Superior watershed in northern Minnesota. Second-order rate constants for the degradation of butoxyethyl and butoxypropyl esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, methyl 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, ethyl-2,4-dichlorobenzoate, and p-nitrophenyl ether were determined using three different bacterial enumeration methods. The reproducibility of the bacterial enumeration method is especially important if reliable degradation kinetics are to be obtained. Comparisons of lipopolysac-charide measurements, epifluorescence counts, and standard plate counts to enumerate bacteria suggest bacterial stabilization has a minor, yet notable, effect on kinetic results.
Production of goniodomin A by the planktonic, chain-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum (Howell) Balech isolated from the Gulf Coast of the United States

Abstract The chain-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium monilatum has been reported to be associated with widespread discolored water and increased fish mortality in the Mississippi Sound and off the eastern and western coasts of Florida. Previous studies over the last 60–70 years have determined that A. monilatum produces a harmful substance(s) that is predominantly contained in the cell mass as exhibited by apparent increased toxicity when the organism cytolyses. The current research in our lab corroborated earlier research demonstrating that A. monilatum produces a lipophilic toxin, unlike its Alexandrium relatives noted for their production of saxitoxin-like toxins. Using sophisticated chemical, chromatographic, and analytical techniques, we have successfully purified and identified the molecular structure of the toxin produced by A. monilatum. We utilized a 500 MHz NMR to carry out a number of experiments (i.e., 1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, and HMBC) to unambiguously determine the molecular structure of the toxin. In addition, we report mass analysis of the toxin utilizing electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), and Q-TOF mass spectral techniques. The toxin is representative of a polyether macrolide with an empirical formula of C43H60O12. This toxic compound is shown to be identical to a Japanese tidepool toxin identified as goniodomin A, which is produced by another Alexandrium species.
Components of Antagonism and Mutualism in Ips pini–Fungal Interactions: Relationship to a Life History of Colonizing Highly Stressed and Dead Trees

Efforts to describe the complex relationships between bark beetles and the ophiosto- matoid (stain) fungi they transport have largely resulted in a dichotomous classiÞcation. These symbioses have been viewed as either mutualistic (i.e., fungi help bark beetles colonize living trees by overcoming tree defenses or by providing nutrients after colonization in return for transport to a host) or antagonistic (i.e., fungi compete for a limited resource and reduce brood development with no apparent beneÞt to the beetle). We investigated several components ofone beetleÐf ungus interaction. SpeciÞcally, we addressed whether beetle entry into, and development within, a host tree vary with the degree ofcolonization by ophiostomatoid fungi. Ips pini (Say) transports several species ofophiostomatoid fungi, the most common being Ophiostoma ips (Rumbold) Nannfeldt, in the process ofcolonizing its host, Pinus resinosa Aitman. We introduced this fungus 0, 3, 7, and 10 d before beetle entry to characterize its effects on I. pini colonization and development. This sequence allowed quantiÞcation of temporal effects and comparison of results with other systems. Fungal growth was greatest when inoculated before beetle colonization. Fungal colonization reduced beetle entry into logs, but increased brood production. Mate capture was not signiÞcantly affected by fungal growth. The beneÞts imparted by O. ips to its beetle vector during brood development are compared with results from other systems. This difference may in part be related to the exploitation of highly stressed and dead trees, rather than vigorous hosts, by I. pini.
Role of Dead Box Helicases in HIV-1 Rev Function: a Single-Molecule Approach

The HIV-1 Rev (Regulator of Expression of Virion) protein activates nuclear export of unspliced and partially spliced viral mRNAs, which encode the viral genome and the genes encoding viral structural proteins. Rev interacts with a highly conserved region, the Rev Response Element (RRE), located within the viral mRNA. Initially, a single Rev monomer binds to stem loop IIB of the RRE, whereupon additional Rev monomers are recruited to the RRE through a combination of RNA-protein and protein-protein interactions, resulting in the formation of a functional nuclear export complex. In addition, several cellular host proteins, such as the DEAD box helicases DDX1 and DDX21 are known to be required for efficient Rev function in vivo, although their precise role is unknown. In this study, a variety of single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopic methods were used to dissect the role of DDX1 and DDX21 during assembly of Rev-RRE complexes. To facilitate these studies, the large DDX1 and DDX21 proteins were enzymatically labeled with bright and photostable dyes, while Rev was labeled at a single cysteine by maleimide chemistry. Single-color TIRF measurements with labeled Rev were used to monitor individual Rev monomer binding steps during oligomeric Rev-RRE assembly. Moreover, single-color experiments with labeled DDX1 or DDX21 reveal that each helicase is capable of binding directly to the RRE. Two-color colocalization and FRET measurements were used to monitor the simultaneous binding of both Rev and DDX1 to the RRE, revealing the temporal correlation between individual protein binding steps. Together, these studies are revealing how DEAD box helicases are able to promote the oligomeric assembly of Rev on the RRE, thereby acting as cellular cofactors of HIV-1. Supported by NIH P50 grant GM082545.
OSCILLATIONS AND CHAOS IN NEURAL NETWORKS : AN EXACTLY SOLVABLE MODEL

We consider a randomly diluted higher-order network with noise, consisting of McCulloch-Pitts neurons that interact by Hebbian-type connections. For this model, exact dynamical equations are derived and solved for both parallel and random sequential updating algorithms. For parallel dynamics, we find a rich spectrum of different behaviors including static retrieving and oscillatory and chaotic phenomena in different parts of the parameter space. The bifurcation parameters include first- and second-order neuronal interaction coefficients and a rescaled noise level, which represents the combined effects of the random synaptic dilution, interference between stored patterns, and additional background noise. We show that a marked difference in terms of the occurrence of oscillations or chaos exists between neural networks with parallel and random sequential dynamics.
On the Nature of the Discrete Gamma-Ray Sources in the Vicinity of the Supernova Remnant G312.4–0.4

We discuss the excess gamma-ray emission seen from point sources in the vicinity of the supernova remnant (SNR) G312.4-0.4 with the EGRET instrument on board the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in the energy range of 100 MeV to 10 GeV. Two gamma-ray sources have been significantly detected. The best-fit position for the source 2EG J1412-6211, which was originally discovered by COS B (catalog name 2CG 311-01), is located approximately 17' southwest of the center of the supernova remnant G312.4-0.4. We find the gamma-ray flux level of this source to be relatively constant over a period of 4 yr. The origin of the gamma-ray emission with respect to a SNR-pulsar source is discussed. The best-fit position for the other source, 2EGS J1418-6049, lies 13 northeast of the center of G312.4-0.4. It has a variable flux level, with a spectrum extending up to a few GeV. We argue that 2EGS J1418-6049 is transient in nature and that its variability makes it unlikely to be associated with G312.4-0.4 or any other SNR or isolated pulsar. We suggest that this source may belong to a new class of unidentified Galactic sources which includes the EGRET source 2EG J0241+6119 (2CG 135+01).
The Romance of Self-objectification: Does Priming Romantic Relationships Induce States of Self-objectification Among Women?

Objectification theory suggests that women internalize an observer’s perspective on the body (self objectification; Fredrickson and Roberts, Psychol Women Q 22:173–206, 1997); however, certain contexts and thoughts may make self-objectification more likely. Because the pursuit of relationships is tied to attractiveness, the present study examines whether women have an automatic link between self-objectification and romantic relationships. Using a US undergraduate sample, women (N = 86) of different relationship statuses were either exposed to relationship-related or neutral words in a lexical decision making task. Following relationship priming, single women showed greater self-objectification and women in relationships showed less self-objectification. These findings are discussed in terms of self-objectification theory and the importance of attractiveness and beauty in the pursuit of relationships.
Mirror Rubbing: A Critical Genealogy of Pre-Modern Chinese Female Same-Sex Eroticism

This article offers a critical genealogy of pre-modern Chinese female same-sex relationships. Through the analysis of the primary source materials in history, fiction, and drama, the author shows that female homosexuality is silenced and suppressed. To Confucianism, female same-sex relationships threaten to exclude men from accessing female sex and keep women away from participating in extending the family line. Even the Daoist theory of sex can be used to discriminate against female homosexuality by denying women the ability to initiate and maintain the cycle of yin-yang interaction in sexual intercourse. There are 2 recurring themes in the male writers' imaginings of female same-sex eroticism. First, heterosexuality is the preferred sexual order, and female same-sex desire arises due to the lack of sexual access to men. Second, heterosexual relationships and intercourse are the norm that female homosexuality aspires to imitate.
Rotation interval and pesticide effects on establishment of Alfalfa after Alfalfa

Published intervals for avoiding autotoxicity when reseeding alfalfa (Medicago saliva L.) after alfalfa range from 2 wk to more than 1 yr. Intervals between killing old alfalfa stands with herbicides and reseeding alfalfa were compared in field experiments established in 1992 (Locations 1 and 2) and 1993 (Location 3) near West Plains, MO. Soils were Poynor cherty silt loam (loamy-skeletal over clayey, siliceous, mesic Typic Paleudult), Ashton silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, mesic Mollic Hapludalf), and Waben very cherty silt loam (loamy-skeletal, siliceous, mesic Ultic Hapludalf), respectively. Main plots were 18-, 12-, 6-, 0.75-, and 0.5-mo rotation intervals before a common May planting date. Subplots were insecticide and fungicide treatments at planting. Insecticide or fungicide treatment did not affect plant density or yield during the establishment year or two subsequent years. Among years, plant densities for the 0.75- and 0.5-mo rotation intervals ranged between 12 and 19.2% lower (P < 0.05) than that of the 18-mo control interval, and yields for the 6- and 0.5-mo intervals ranged between 6.3 and 10.3% lower than that of the control (P < 0.05). Although plant density of the 0.75-mo rotation interval was lower, yield was similar to the 18-mo control due to incomplete kill of old plants. Plant density and dry matter yield remained ranked according to rotation interval from the seeding year through the third year, suggesting an autoconditioning effect during establishment that was retained at the population level. A rotation interval of at least 12 mo is suggested before reseeding alfalfa after alfalfa in the lower Midwest.
Empirical Research on Child Abuse Treatment: Report by the Child Abuse and Neglect Treatment Working Group, American Psychological Association

Reviewed empirical research on the short- and long-term effects of four major types of child maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, and neglect). Outcome research for a variety of treatments for child victims of abuse and for adults abused as children suggests that treatment is effective; however, comprehensive and carefully designed studies have not been done. Likewise, outcome research for treatment efforts with parents and caregivers who engage in child maltreatment is limited, but evidence supports treatment efficacy. Thirteen recommendations are offered pertaining to improvement of conceptualization, treatment, and research in the area of child maltreatment.
Some possible interference and facilitation effects of pronunciability

The effect of pronunciability on the retention of trigrams was investigated by comparing the recall of high and low pronounceable CVCs by deaf and hearing S s. The hearing S s performed somewhat better on the high Pr items and worse on the low Pr items than the deaf S s, who performed equally on the high and low Pr trigrams. It was concluded that hearing S s are subject to interference effects in attempting to pronounce difficult items which reduces rate of learning.
Perceptions of Others in Self-Descriptions of Children and Adolescents in India:

Participants in this study were 190 children in three age groups (ages 9-11, 12-14, and 15-16) from three school groups of different socioeconomic status (SES) (low, middle, high) who wrote responses to the question, "How would you describe yourself to yourself?" Content analyses were conducted to identify references to others in children's self-descriptions. Both function and person identity of references to others were coded. References to others were most frequent for children from low SES, and mention of others overall became more generic and depersonalized with increasing age. Girls mentioned qualities of their relationships with others more than boys did. Results indicate that self-construals vary considerably within culture as well as by social class, age, and gender.
Optimal kinodynamic motion planning using incremental sampling-based methods

Sampling-based algorithms such as the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT) have been recently proposed as an effective approach to computationally hard motion planning problem. However, while the RRT algorithm is known to be able to find a feasible solution quickly, there are no guarantees on the quality of such solution, e.g., with respect to a given cost functional. To address this limitation, the authors recently proposed a new algorithm, called RRT*, which ensures asymptotic optimality, i.e., almost sure convergence of the solution returned by the algorithm to an optimal solution, while maintaining the same properties of the standard RRT algorithm, both in terms of computation of feasible solutions, and of computational complexity. In this paper, the RRT* algorithm is extended to deal with differential constraints. A sufficient condition for asymptotic optimality is provided. It is shown that the RRT* algorithm equipped with any local steering procedure that satisfies this condition converges to an optimal solution almost surely. In particular, simple local steering procedures are provided for a Dubins' vehicle as well as a double integrator. Simulation examples are also provided for these systems comparing the RRT and the RRT* algorithms.
Use of Levamisole in Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis

A review of the use of levamisole in the treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis is presented. While various uncontrolled clinical trials have demonstrated its effectiveness in increasing the time between episodes and shortening the duration of the ulceration, a series of double-blind trials have given conflicting results that have not entirely confirmed the open trials. Side effects, of which dysgeusia, hyperosmia and nausea are the most frequent, and the administration of the drug are also discussed.
The false dichotomy between accessibility and usability

Traditionally, accessibility researchers have focused on the barrier-free designs that make information available to a diverse set of user abilities and constraints. Usability practitioners and researchers have focused their efforts on making information interfaces usable by the average abled-bodied user.The problem in this dichotomy is the myth of two assumptions. First, there is the myth of the "average" user. The first rule about psychology experiments is that often the individual subject variations in an experiment often overwhelm any effects that you're attempting to observe. We use the "average user" as a concept so that we have a prototypical user to design for, when in fact, often we're designing for a set of different user persona, use cases, and skill levels. Second, there is the myth of "barrier-free" design. Design is inherently an exercise in which we optimize for a certain set of use cases, while de-emphasizing other less important use cases. As a result, a design can never be entirely "barrier-free".If we treat this dichotomy as false, we start to realize that a whole set of problems between the two fields are one and the same. If we reject the dichotomy, then we see that many accessibility problems are also usability problems, and vice versa. For example, language barriers in social media, mobile devices and their ease of use while walking, and the ability to input text using voice rather than typing are all accessibility and usability problems. To emphasize, usability and accessibility are both fundamentally about the ability to get at information resources and knowledge. Broadly, I see many opportunities to bridge this false dichotomy and will attempt to give examples during this talk.
Psychiatric risk factors associated with postpartum suicide attempt in Washington State, 1992-2001.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate preexisting psychiatric risk factors for postpartum suicide attempts resulting in hospitalization. Study Design We performed a population-based case-control study using Washington State birth certificates linked to hospital discharge data to evaluate the association between hospitalization with a psychiatric diagnosis, substance use diagnosis, or dual diagnosis in the 5 years before delivery with risk of postpartum suicide attempt. We compared cases (n = 355) hospitalized postpartum for a suicide attempt with controls (n = 1420) by using multivariable logistic regression. Results Women with a psychiatric disorder were at a 27.4-fold (95% confidence interval 10.6-70.8) increased risk, and those with a substance use disorder were at a 6.2-fold (95% confidence interval 2.8-13.9) increased risk, and those with a dual diagnosis were at an 11.1-fold (95% confidence interval 5.1-24.2) increased risk of postpartum suicide attempt compared with controls. Conclusion Prenatal screening for preexisting psychiatric or substance abuse diagnoses may help identify women at risk of postpartum suicide attempt.
Discussion of "On the Comparison of Timoshenko and Shear Models in Beam Dynamics" by Noël Challamel

This technical note questions the validity of a general approach developed by Aristizabal-Ochoa 2004 for the dynamic analysis of a Timoshenko beam-column with generalized boundary conditions and the nonclassical modes of vibration of shear beams, in particular the theoretical relationship between both models for large values of bending to shear stiffness parameter. A simply supported beam is analytically studied for both models by the author of the discussed paper, and asymptotic solutions are obtained for large values of bending to shear stiffness parameter. Using the particular case of a simply supported beam with zero rotational inertia i.e., r =0 , the author claims that, “In the general case, it is proven that the shear beam model cannot be deduced from the Timoshenko model, by considering large values of bending to shear stiffness parameter. This is only achieved for specific geometrical parameter in the present example.” Finally, the author concludes based on his asymptotic solutions of the simply supported beam with zero rotational inertia that “the capability of the shear model to approximate Timoshenko model for large values of bending to shear stiffness parameter is firmly dependent on the material and geometrical characteristics of the beam section and on the boundary conditions.” The author is congratulated for studying the free vibration of beams. However, it is unfortunate that the author uses a degenerate beam model to prove that the general approach developed by Aristizabal-Ochoa 2004 for the dynamic analysis of a Timoshenko beam-column with generalized boundary conditions and the nonclassical modes of vibration of shear beams is in some way incorrect. The main objective of this discussion is to show that 1 it is incorrect to assume a Timoshenko beam with r = 0 and still expect that it is capable of predicting the free vibration of the Timoshenko shear model for large values of bending to shear stiffness parameter; and 2 the conclusions based on the asymptotic solutions presented by the author are not correct because they are based on a free-vibration analysis of a degenerate Timoshenko beam. What follows is the proof that it is incorrect to assume that the rotational inertia can be simply ignored in the free-vibration analysis of shear beams and to expect that the natural frequencies and modal shapes are correct. Kausel 2002 elegantly proved this point in shear beams with unrestrained or partially restrained ends against rotation of the cross sections, showing that the classical solutions which are based on r =0 violate the principle of angular moment.
Empirical evidence on the effects of delisting from the National Market System

This study analyzes empirical evidence related to changes in market value and liquidity characteristics of stocks, which are delisted from the National Market System (NMS) due to an elevation of NMS listing standards. Our results are thus relatively independent of the financial conditions of the firms prior to delisting. We document significant increase in bid-ask spreads and decrease in trading volume after delisting. A significant negative stock price reaction around the delisting announcement period is also observed. Both sets of findings suggest that delisting from NMS increases a firm’s cost of capital by adversely affecting the liquidity of its stock. (JEL: G14)
Amplification without inversion:mUnderstanding probability amplitudes, quantum interference, and Feynman rules in a strongly driven system

Density-matrix calculations provide the steady-state conditions for probe amplification or lasing between atomic levels with an uninverted population, but additional insight into the underlying physics is given by a probability amplitude approach. In this paper we derive the gain coefficient from the Feynman diagrams for a probe-laser incident on a resonantly pumped, V-type system using time-dependent perturbation theory in a dressed basis. The connection is made to density-matrix calculations for this model, which have been used recently to describe experiments in Rb [A. S. Zibrov et al., Laser Phys. 5, 553 (1995); Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1499 (1995)]. In the density-matrix calculation the overall gain is possible because the pump-induced coherence of a strongly driven transition leads to probe amplification, despite the lack of inversion on the probe transition. In our amplitude approach we associate a specific physical process with each of the scattering channels for the probe and show how amplification without inversion can be achieved. The amplitude calculation reveals a distinction between stepwise and two-quantum processes. Interference is shown to result from the two-quantum processes, constructive for the amplification channels and destructive for the absorption. Terms appearing in the gain coefficient are traced to different sources in the amplitude and density-matrix approaches. The physical origin of each term is discussed and compared for both approaches. Terms that arise from coherences in the density-matrix approach are shown to correspond to noninterfering stepwise contributions in the amplitude approach. In deriving these results, we find that the Feynman rules that we construct for forming the probability amplitude for an arbitrary scattering process of the electromagnetic field from the coupled atom-strong pump system are consistent with Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger perturbation theory in the quantum dressed basis. In addition, the spontaneously emitted photons become entangled with the probe field, correlating the emission spectrum with specific scattering channels.
Estimating the Time Since Final Stabilization of a Perched Dune Field Along Lake Superior

The Nodaway dune field is perched along Lake Superior in Upper Michigan. This study uses absolute and relative-age dating methods to test the hypothesis that the dune field finally stabilized after the Nipissing high stand, about 4,000 years ago. Surface soils on snouts of all dunes are moderately developed Spodosols, indicating that dunes stabilized within a few hundred years of each other. One thermoluminescence date provided an age of 8 ka from soil parent material, but is probably overestimated due to residual thermoluminescence. Subsequent optical stimulated luminescence and accelerator mass spectrometry age estimates indicate that the most recent accumulation of sand occurred between ˜3.7 and 3.0 ka. This interval suggests one of three possibilities: 1) that the dune field was reactivated during the Algoma high stand and then stabilized; 2) that the dune field stabilized gradually, probably as sand supply diminished after the Nipissing high stand; and 3) that a combination of these two processes occ...
OPERATIONALIZING THE ROMANCE CONSTRUCT IN AN ADULT SAMPLE

Summary.-29 men between the ages of 19 and 79 years and 60 women between the ages of 18 and 73 years completed an open-ended questionnaire seeking informa- tion on romantic acts. These subjects, shoppers in a mall in Toledo, Ohio, were asked to cite specific acts of romance. Among the top ten, the three most frequently specified acts were the kiss, sending or receiving flowers, and dinner in a variety of settings. Re- sponses were compared to two recent studies in which similar information was sought. Lindholm may be limiting the field a bit by including only social think- ers and theoretically inclined writers. In fact, a perusal of contemporary re- search in the love-romance domain shows that researchers from a wide range of perspectives, using a variety of research methods, are engaged in clarifying the many issues in this important area. The present study is the second in a series of exploratory investigations by the present authors the goal of which is to begin the process of operationalizing the romance construct (Tucker, Marvin, & Vivian, 1991). Specifically, our goal was to identify, in a sample of adults, precisely what is meant by an act of romance. In general, romance researchers and writers have not followed a single line of inquiry. Some have taken the "advice" route. In these cases emphasis has typically been on the giving of counsel and advice. Among other things, for example, readers are urged to remain ever cognizant of the fact that ro- mance is only one part of the love cycle, that it may in fact be the most unrealistic part, and-mostly-that romance is a fleeting phenomenon. In this perspective, Hazen and Shaver (1987) have written: