cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dose-response effect of cocaine on newborn head circumference.

Objective. To evaluate the relationship between head circumference, birth weight, and cocaine dose in healthy term and near-term newborns exposed to cocaine in utero. Methods. We used radioimmune assay (RIAH) of cocaine metabolite in maternal hair to quantify third trimester cocaine exposure in 240 healthy newborn infants (gestational age: >36 weeks). Cocaine exposure was categorized into 3 levels: no exposure (n = 136), low cocaine exposure (n = 52; RIAH: 2–66 ng/10 mg hair), and high cocaine exposure (n = 52; RIAH: 81–4457 ng/10 mg hair). We collected information on maternal demographic characteristics, the pregnancy, and the use of substances through a structured interview and from the medical record. Results. Means of birth weight, length, and head circumference of infants with high cocaine exposure differed significantly from those with low exposure and no exposure, but were similar between low exposure and no exposure. We used a multiple linear regression model to assess the association between newborn head circumference and cocaine level, adjusting for the effects of birth weight; gestational age; infant sex; and several maternal factors, including height, weight gain during pregnancy, syphilis during pregnancy, and the use of alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana, and opiates during pregnancy. Only birth weight, sex, and high cocaine exposure were significantly associated with newborn head circumference. The predicted head circumference deficit associated with high cocaine exposure (.44 cm) represents 34% of the unadjusted difference (1.28 cm) between mean head circumferences of infants in the high cocaine exposure and no exposure groups. Conclusion. Newborns exposed to a high level of cocaine in utero (RIAH: >81 ng/10 mg hair) exhibit asymmetric intrauterine growth retardation in which the head circumference is disproportionately smaller than would be predicted from the birth weight (head wasting). The deficit in head size associated with cocaine exposure may reflect the effects of a specific central nervous system insult that interferes with prenatal brain growth.
Engine monitoring system diagnostics for the TF30-P111 engine

The development of an engine monitoring system (EMS) for the TF30, a high-bypass afterburning turbofan engine, is reviewed. EMS features providing flight-line diagnostics and improved maintenance troubleshooting capability are described. System design incorporates standard components and technology insertion upgrades such as an MIL-STD-1750A computer. A level-three design package was produced and delivered to the Air Force to be used for competitive procurement of components from multiple sources. >
Effect of BANS location on the prognosis of clinical stage I melanoma: new data and meta‐analysis

SUMMARY Intermediate thickness (0.76–1.69 mm) clinical stage I melanomas at BANS locations (upper Back, posterior Arm, posterior Neck, posterior Scalp) were initially reported to have worse prognosis than similar thickness lesions at other subsites. Subsequent investigation did not support this observation. We re-examined the hypothesis in 156 consecutive patients with clinical stage 1 melanomas in this thickness range, who were seen at the Massachusetts General Hospital from 1977 to 1985. Patients with BANS lesions suffered recurrences at twice the rate of those with non-BANS lesions (28% compared with 13% at 5 years after excision of the primary melanoma), but this difference was not statistically significant. A meta-analysis of the effect of BANS subsite on death risk was performed using data from our investigation and five comparable published studies. The original data set which led to the BANS hypothesis was excluded from the meta-analysis in order to avoid bias. BANS location was associated with a 60% increased risk of death (P = 0.002). The difference remained statistically significant after elimination of any two of the six studies from the analysis. This confirms the influence of anatomical subsite on the prognosis of intermediate thickness melanoma.
Magnetoacoustic Tomography With Magnetic Induction: A Rigorous Theory

In this letter, we have proposed a new theory on mechanism of the magnetoacoustic (MA) signal generation with magnetic induction for an object with an arbitrary shape. An object under a static magnetic field emits acoustic signals when excited by a time-varying magnetic field, and the acoustic waveform is mainly generated at the conductivity boundaries within the object. The proposed theory on the MA tomography with magnetic induction produced highly consistent results among computational and experimental paradigms in a two-layer sample phantom and suggested the potential applications for bioimpedance imaging.
The role of eastern North Pacific tropical storms in the rainfall climatology of western Mexico

This paper explores the role that tropical storms (TS) of the eastern North Pacific play in the rainfall climatology of western Mexico. It uses an 18-station rainfall grid, along with a data base of storm tracks (1949–1997). TS rainfall is defined by a distance threshold, so that for each station in the grid, daily rainfall recorded when a TS is located within 550 km of the station is considered as TS-derived; rainfall recorded in the absence of a TS or when a storm is beyond 550 km from a station is by default ‘non-TS’ rainfall. A variety of statistics are presented to demonstrate the static associations that exist between TS activity and regional rainfall patterns. In sum, they clearly suggest that improved seasonal forecasts of TS activity in the eastern North Pacific will be critical to advancing seasonal climate prediction for Mexico. This study also addresses the interannual variability in TS and non-TS rainfall. Principal component analysis is used to define the region's primary modes of rainfall variation. Considering the temporal behaviour of the rainfall modes, analyses reveal no statistically significant trends in TS rainfall. In contrast, non-TS rainfall modes exhibit significant trends. This study provides support for the idea that these trends are partly tied to long-period fluctuations in the ocean–atmosphere system. The results also indicate that while TS rainfall is not subject to trend behaviour, its year-to-year fluctuations, apparently, are linked to large-scale processes like El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the state of North Pacific sea-surface temperatures (SSTs). Copyright © 2001 Royal Meteorological Society
Helium sources in passive margin aquifers—new evidence for a significant mantle 3He source in aquifers with unexpectedly low in situ 3He/4He production

Using knowledge of groundwater dynamics in the Carrizo aquifer and surrounding formations in southwest Texas, United States, 3He and 4He transport was modeled and calibration on concentrations achieved for both isotopes. Three components were isolated: atmospheric, in situ production and external deeper crustal and mantle components. Among the three major sources for these isotopes, 3He concentrations are primarily a binary mixture from atmospheric and deeper external sources. Unlike 4He, 3He resulting from in situ production is negligible over the entire domain. Tests of the distribution of R/Ra values (R is the groundwater 3He/4He ratio; Ra is the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio), show that relatively high R/Ra values (∼0.14) entering the aquifer are quickly lowered by extremely low (0.0025) in situ production ratios almost totally devoid of 3He. Such lessening gives rise to “typical crustal” R/Ra values of about 0.055. Such effect on R/Ra ratios increases as 3He and 4He move upward through the sedimentary succession. Further analysis on the R/Ra behavior suggests that low crustal R/Ra values have the potential to mask high R/Ra ratios carrying a substantial 3He mantle component, particularly, in multilayered aquifer systems. This suggests that a high mantle 3He component is present in sedimentary groundwater systems. Groundwater R/Ra values between 0.01 and 0.05 (considered as typical crustal values) may be the result of a significant (perhaps dominant) mantle component modified by low 3He/4He in situ production ratios. It further suggests that the continental crust may constitute a much more permeable environment to mantle 3He than previously thought. The occurrence of deeper magma bodies is not needed to explain the presence of mantle 3He in the crust, and implies that mantle 3He fluxes might be higher in crustal rocks than previously thought.
Cytotoxic Mechanisms Employed by Mouse T Cells to Destroy Pancreatic β-Cells

Several cytotoxic mechanisms have been attributed to T cells participating in β-cell death in type 1 diabetes. However, sensitivity of β-cells to these mechanisms in vitro and in vivo is likely to be different. Moreover, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells may use distinct mechanisms to cause β-cell demise that possibly involve activation of third-party cytotoxic cells. We used the transfer of genetically modified diabetogenic T cells into normal, mutant, and bone marrow chimeric recipients to test the contribution of major cytotoxic mechanisms in β-cell death. We found that 1) the killing of β-cells by CD4+ T cells required activation of the recipient’s own cytotoxic cells via tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); 2) CD8+ T-cell cytotoxic mechanisms destroying β-cells were limited to perforin and Fas ligand, as double knockouts of these molecules abrogated the ability of T cells to cause diabetes; and 3) individual CD8+ T-cell clones chose their cytotoxic weaponry by a yet unknown mechanism and destroyed their targets via either Fas-independent or Fas-dependent (∼40% of clones) pathways. Fas-dependent destruction was assisted by TNF-α.
A temporal-spatial data fusion architecture for monitoring complex systems

Non-homogenous systems arise from the need to incorporate a variety of disparate systems into a cohesive functioning whole and may comprise many crucial elements of an industrialized, modern society. As a result they must be constantly monitored to ensure efficient functioning and avoid expensive breakdowns. In particular, inter-connected computer-based systems must increasingly be aware of cyber and physical threats that are dynamic and evolutionary in nature. However, difficulties arise in trying to ascertain threats and problems among the diverse sources of information generated by these systems. Finally, there is the question of how best to present this data to a human operator. Human systems require not just analysis, but presentation which encourages timely, proactive or corrective decisions. This paper presents a software architecture to solve these problems based upon data fusion using temporal-spatial relationships. As phase one of a three phase project, a prototype implementation of this architecture demonstrates application of this technique for a cohesive system. Test results showed the system capable of real-time fusion of physical, cyber and process data elements as well as analysis, display and interpretation of threats.
The characteristics of bladder cancer after radiotherapy for prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives Prostate radiotherapy (RT) has been associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer (CaB). However it is unknown how prior RT affects the stage, grade, and histology of secondary CaB. While irradiated patients have adverse surgical outcomes, how RT affects survival is also unknown. We sought to determine how RT for prostate cancer (CaP) affects the characteristics and outcomes of secondary CaB. Materials and methods A retrospective review of 275,200 cases of clinically localized CaP submitted to the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database between 1988 and 2007 was performed. CaP treatment was stratified by radical prostatectomy (RP) alone, RT, or RP + RT. Diagnosis of CaB at least 1 year after CaP, and CaB death were the primary outcomes. The stage, grade, and histology of CaB of patients exposed to RT or RP were compared. A competing risks multivariable survival analysis was performed to determine the effect of RT on CaB-specific mortality. Results CaP patients treated with any RT were 1.70 times as likely to develop CaB (95% CI 1.57–1.86, P P = 0.004), trigonal (6.9% vs. 5.4%, P = 0.012), and carcinoma in-situ (CIS) (9.2% vs. 7.0%, P P = 0.02), which remained significant when adjusted for CaB features (HR = 1.28, P = 0.05). Conclusions Patients with localized CaP treated with RT have a higher risk of CaB. CaB after RT is more likely to be located at the trigone and contain CIS. Patients with CaB after RT have decreased cancer-specific survival compared with those undergoing RP alone.
Handover latency comparison of SIGMA, FMIPv6, HMIPv6, FHMIPv6

In our earlier study, we proposed SIGMA, a seamless IP diversity based generalized mobility architecture. SIGMA utilizes IP diversity to achieve a seamless handover of a mobile host, and is designed to solve many of the drawbacks of mobile IP. In this paper, we compare the handover latency of SIGMA and recent MIPv6 enhancements, namely, FMIPv6, HMIPv6, and FHMIPv6. Various parameters are considered such as layer 2 handover/setup latency, IP address resolution latency, layer 2 beacon period, and mobile host moving speed. Our results show that SIGMA handover latency is insensitive to layer 2 setup latency, IP address resolution latency and beacon periods. Moreover, SIGMA is able to seamlessly handle relatively high speed movement of mobile host
Probing dynamic cell–substrate interactions using photochemically generated surface-immobilized gradients: application to selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling

Model substrates presenting biochemical cues immobilized in a controlled and well-defined manner are of great interest for their applications in biointerface studies that elucidate the molecular basis of cell receptor–ligand interactions. Herein, we describe a direct, photochemical method to generate surface-immobilized biomolecular gradients that are applied to the study of selectin-mediated leukocyte rolling. The technique employs benzophenone-modified glass substrates, which upon controlled exposure to UV light (350–365 nm) in the presence of protein-containing solutions facilitate the generation of covalently immobilized protein gradients. Conditions were optimized to generate gradient substrates presenting P-selectin and PSGL-1 (P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1) immobilized at site densities over a 5- to 10-fold range (from as low as ∼200 molecules μm−2 to as high as 6000 molecules μm−2). The resulting substrates were quantitatively characterized via fluorescence analysis and radioimmunoassays before their use in the leukocyte rolling assays. HL-60 promyelocytes and Jurkat T lymphocytes were assessed for their ability to tether to and roll on substrates presenting immobilized P-selectin and PSGL-1 under conditions of physiologically relevant shear stress. The results of these flow assays reveal the combined effect of immobilized protein site density and applied wall shear stress on cell rolling behavior. Two-component substrates presenting P-selectin and ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1) were also generated to assess the interplay between these two proteins and their effect on cell rolling and adhesion. These proof-of-principle studies verify that the described gradient generation approach yields well-defined gradient substrates that present immobilized proteins over a large range of site densities that are applicable for investigation of cell-materials interactions, including multi-parameter leukocyte flow studies. Future applications of this enabling methodology may lead to new insights into the biophysical phenomena and molecular mechanism underlying complex biological processes such as leukocyte recruitment and the inflammatory response.
Le Corps sous le signe de la torture : une question de plaisir. Le Théâtre médical des Laboratoires Crête

L’article propose d’analyser le premier spectacle des Laboratoires Crete, plus particulierement le protocole intitule : lien de causalite entre douleur physique et interpretation chez l’acteur en representation. Le but de l’experience de la douleur vise a enrichir le jeu de l’acteur. Pourtant l’essai demontre une dichotomie : l’hypersensibilite du corps du comedien ajoute a sa performance ou, au contraire, empeche l’interpretation du personnage. Dans le cadre des Laboratoires, violence et jeu sont a la base du spectacle. Aussi, le parallele entre le sadomasochisme et le theâtre s’impose. L’article etudie la structure sadomasochiste, plus particulierement la relation bourreau-victime et voyeur, pour mieux comprendre l’enjeu d’une telle epreuve theâtrale.
A Decade of Step and Flash Imprint Lithography

Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (SFIL) was first reported ten years ago. The technology has advanced in many ways during the last decade. There are sophisticated, imprint tools available from commercial suppliers and high resolution templates can be purchased from several vendors. The materials and the process have evolved and matured to enable printing of sub 10nm structures, inverse tone printing, printing on both sides of disk drive substrates, printing in three dimensions to enable efficient production of CMOS wiring levels and printing of functional materials tailored to enable production of photonic crystals, insulators, etc. While great progress has been made in many areas, there remain concerns among some about defectivity and the throughput of the process.
An international visual language

The authors present an experiment supporting the thesis that visual languages are well suited for programmers whose native language is not English. They first analyze the particular problems of the target group, Arabic speakers, in comprehending Pascal program structures and present a number of previously proposed solutions to this problem. They present their own solution, a visual programming environment in which all syntactic and nearly all semantic information is presented in a BLOX-like notation. Only labels variable names, expressions, and comments are presented textually, in Arabic. Finally, they present the results of an experiment in which the system received a high degree of acceptance among Arab speakers. >
Privacy Preserving Mobility Control Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks

With the development of technology, wireless sensor networks (WSNs) performing sensing and communication tasks will be widely deployed in the near future because they greatly extend our ability to monitor and control the physical environment and improve the accuracy of information gathering. Since the sensors are usually deployed in hostile environments and cannot get recharged frequently, the power in sensors is the scarcest resource. Recently many mobility control protocols have been put forward as an effective mechanism to minimize energy consumption. However, security issues in all these protocols have not been discussed so far. In this paper, we will address these issues and point out a new privacy issue (the sink location privacy). A privacy preserving scheme is proposed to protect the sink. Analysis of the scheme shows its effectiveness in sink protection. This scheme can be well integrated into most mobility control protocols to enhance their security.
Quantitative Approaches to Decision-Making in Forest Genetics Programs

Turning “seat of the pants” decision-making into a quantitative evaluation is the heart of quantitative genetics. We apply the tools of mathematics to the tasks of selecting, breeding and deploying forest trees. Yet when it comes to using economic criteria to quantify the results of our programs, or to help us make decisions within our programs, forest geneticists have had a tendency to revert to heuristic ways of making decisions. In this chapter I will refer to genetic resource management (GRM) programs, by which I mean programs that have the responsibility of securing stocking at desired densities of desired species. The source of this stocking should be dependable, genetically variable, genetically adapted to the site, and may be selected for some desirable traits. My use of the term includes activities that range from the most extensive (natural regeneration and/or wild stand collections from local sources) to the most intensive (genetic engineering), which would enable us to examine a broader range of options than commonly considered in “tree improvement” analyses.
Effects of the Attenuation Map Used in the Chang Algorithm on Quantitative SPECT Results

Objective: This study examined the effects on SPECT quantitation caused by erroneous size and position of the attenuation map and inaccurate pixel size used in the Chang algorithm. Methods: Projection data of a three-dimensional head phantom were simulated with a uniform attenuation coefficient of 0.15/cm for the inside of the phantom. Images were reconstructed using the filtered backprojection algorithm without attenuation compensation and the Chang algorithm with different attenuation maps. Quantitative comparison then was performed between the reconstructed images and the phantom. Results: The pixel values obtained for noisy data by using the first-order Chang algorithm with an accurate attenuation map were less than 10% different from the true values and the left-right asymmetry was under 5%. Small errors in the geometric parameters of the attenuation map, however, caused considerable quantitative inaccuracy in the reconstructed image. For example, a 0.64-cm error in the size of the map caused 10% deviation from the true value and a 0.64-cm shift of the position of the map towards the left produced 10% left-right pixel value asymmetry. Conclusion: The accuracy of the Chang algorithm critically depends on the geometric parameters. For a uniform attenuator with symmetric geometry, such as the human brain, a true left-right symmetry in the pixel value can be altered significantly by a small error in the geometric parameters, while symmetry can be maintained with no attenuation compensation.
The King’s Road: National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark

The King's Road was built during the British occupation of East Florida (1763-1783) and extended from the St. Mary's River in the north to near New Smyrna in the south. The road served as a main artery for land communication to east Florida until the 20th century. It was designated a National Historic Civil Engineering Landmark in 1976.
Standalone SAW sensor interrogator using an embedded computer and software defined radio

Modern software defined radio (SDR) technologies have enabled surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor interrogation systems that are small, inexpensive, and fully integrated. The universal software radio peripheral (USRP) is available as a commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) SDR that can be programmed to fit a wide variety of applications and needs. Recent work at the University of Central Florida has demonstrated the USRP B200 as a SAW sensor interrogator. This paper expands upon previous efforts by implementing a standalone interrogation platform which utilizes the USRP B200 and embedded microcomputer. Recent advances in embedded processing platforms have enabled full Linux environments to be run, enabling high performance computation in a compact package. One such embedded platform, the MinnowBoard MAX, has been employed to perform the complex matched filter correlator post processing techniques as well as handle programming and communication with the USRP. The unit is self contained and can be operated without a traditional Desktop or Laptop. Performance of the interrogator has also been improved by adding and external RF switch and amplifier. The system is demonstrated by interrogating orthogonal frequency coded (OFC) SAW sensors at 915MHz and extracting the sensor temperature.
Jane Austen’s Playlist: Teaching Music History Beyond the Canon

Jane Austen’s six novels and her personal music collection can serve as the basis for a course on eighteenth-century music outside of the traditional canonic works common to music history courses. The Austen family’s music collection includes over seventy compositions that have been recorded, primarily songs and piano music. These materials provide the opportunity for music students to learn about the social and cultural contexts for period music-making, including concerts, balls, domestic settings, the theater, and pleasure gardens. The course can also explore issues surrounding gender and performance, musical transmission, eighteenth-century aesthetics, conceptions of musical narrative, and interrelationships among the arts. A bibliography of materials useful for a course on Austen and music is provided.
Combination antiretroviral therapy and improvements in mental health: results from a nationally representative sample of persons undergoing care for HIV in the United States.

Objective: To test whether mental health improvements observed in a nationally representative sample of 2466 HIV + persons receiving care in the United States during the dissemination of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a result of global optimism or directly related to treatment. Analysis: Data were analyzed by means of a linear regression model of the change in psychiatric symptoms from baseline (January 1996-April 1997) to the first follow-up interview approximately 8 months later as a function of changes in CD4 + counts, opportunistic infection treatments, and HIV physical symptoms in the overall sample and separately in participants who maintained ART, initiated ART, never received ART, or transitioned to a less recommended regimen during the study period. Results: The reduction in psychiatric symptoms was comparable across all treatment groups (p >.05), suggesting a global effect. In patients who initiated or maintained ART, fewer psychiatric symptoms were significantly related to higher CD4 + and fewer opportunistic infection treatments and HIV symptoms, however, suggesting a treatment effect. Conclusion: ART appears to be responsible for both a treatment-specific and global improvement in the mental health of HIV + patients, possibly through the promise of extended survival and a better quality of life.
Collaboration, not competition: cost analysis of neonatal nurse practitioner plus neonatologist versus neonatologist-only care models.

Background:Although advanced practice in neonatal nursing is accepted and supported by the American Academy of Pediatrics and National Association of Neonatal Nurse Practitioners, less than one-half of all states allow independent prescriptive authority by advanced practice nurse practitioners.Purpo
Effect of Telmisartan and Benazepril on metabolic syndrome in aged patients with hypertension

Objective:To investigate the effect of Telmisartan and Benazepril on metabolic syndrome (MS) in aged patients with hypertension. Methods:100 aged patients with essential hypertension complicated with MS were randomly divided into Telmisartan group (n=50) and Benazepril group (n=50). Body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting insulin (FINS), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen (Fg) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were observed before and 12 weeks after treatment. Results:The patients' SBP, DBP, BMI, FBG, TG, FINS, hsCRP, HOMA-IR and Fg were obviously lower than those before intervention in both groups (P0.05). SBP, TG, FINS, hsCRP and HOMA-IR of Telmisartan group after treatment were significantly decreased than those of Benazepril group (P0.05). Conclusion: Many metabolic disorders of MS are improved after treatment of Telmisartan and Benazepril, but telmisartan can improve patients' insulin resistance more.
The craniofacial dysostosis syndromes. Staging of reconstruction and management of secondary deformities.

This article describes a philosophy and rationale for the treatment of the craniofacial dysostosis syndromes, with a specific focus on the second and third stages of reconstruction and the management of residual deformities. The current approach is to stage the reconstruction to coincide with facial growth patterns, visceral function, and psychosocial development. Recognition of the need for a staged reconstructive approach clarifies the objectives of each phase of treatment for both the clinician and the family.
CREATING A WELLNESS PROGRAM FOR HOTEL FRONT DESK EMPLOYEES

Creating a Wellness Program for Hotel Front Desk Employees by Karima Abdel-Moty Robert Woods, Ph.D., Committee Chair Professor of Hotel Management University of Nevada Las Vegas The majority of hotel front desk employees fulfill their job demands in generally similar ways, in terms of workplace conditions. The demanding and hectic nature of this job results in very tangle physical and emotional effects on the employee. Through an analysis of current literature, guidelines on implementing a wellness program suited specifically for hotel front desk employees will be created. Through successful implementation of an employee wellness program, management will be able to provide effective job resources that will result in engaged front desk employees, and consequently, higher levels of customer service, productivity, and profitability. WELLNESS PROGRAMS FOR HOTEL FRONT DESK EMPLOYEES 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii PART I 5 Introduction 5 Objective of study 5 Justifications 5 Constraints 6 Glossary 7 PART II 9 Introduction 9 Job Resources and work engagement 9 Work engagement and wellness 10 Nature of the hotel front desk job 11 Physical wellness 13 Ergonomics 13 Breaks 15 Stretching 15 Fitness 16 Emotional wellness 18 Stress management 18 Relaxation techniques 19 Successful wellness programs 20 PART III 2
Poetry, Mythology, and Myth

Countless stories from classical and other mythologies describe gods, goddesses, and other immortals who interact among themselves but also participate in the lives of mortals, directing or interfering with events, engaging in battles, plots, love affairs, and countless quarrels. In their original contexts, stories of this order often carried the impact of religious truth and seemed to explain or comment upon such phenomena as the Creation, the origins of ritual and law, or the functioning of natural processes. Thus, the legend of Demeter (goddess of grain and fertility) and her daughter Persephone, the latter abducted by Hades to the underworld, became for the Greeks a means of reflecting on changes in the seasonal cycle.* Other stories, such as that of Prometheus who brought fire and light to humans in defiance of the god Zeus, touched upon other aspects of reality. The interesting thing is that the legends are so vivid, compelling, and imaginatively suggestive that they have survived and remain significant for us as legends long after they have lost their religious impact. Traces of the gods can even be found embedded in certain of our common words: cereal derives from the goddess Ceres (the Roman name for Demeter); mercury from the Roman god of that name known for his fleetness; martial from Mars, the Roman god of war; and venereal from Venus, the Roman goddess of love.
Parents' Support for School-Entry Requirements for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination: A National Study

Background: The number of states proposing school-entry requirements for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has increased over the last decade. However, data are currently limited regarding parents' support of such laws. We sought to obtain the first national estimates of parents' support of HPV vaccination school-entry requirements. Methods: A national sample of 1,501 parents of 11- to 17-year-old children completed a web-based survey between November 2014 and January 2015. Analyses used multivariable logistic regression to assess correlates of support for school-entry requirements for HPV vaccination. Results: Overall, 21% of parents agreed that laws requiring HPV vaccination for school attendance “are a good idea,” and 54% disagreed. If school-entry requirements included opt-out provisions, agreement increased to 57%, and only 21% disagreed. Parents more often agreed with requirements without opt-out provisions if they were Hispanic [OR = 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.05–2.22], believed HPV vaccine was as or more important than other adolescent vaccines (OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.98–3.83), or believed HPV vaccine was effective for preventing cervical cancer (OR = 2.55; 95% CI, 1.93–3.37). Parents less often agreed if they resided in Midwest states or believed that HPV vaccine was being pushed to make money for drug companies (both P < 0.05). Conclusion: Opt-out provisions almost tripled parents' support for HPV vaccine school-entry requirements. Our findings suggest that race/ethnicity, attitudes about HPV vaccine, and region of residence may influence support for requirements without opt-out provisions. Impact: Opt-out provisions greatly increase parent support of school-entry requirements for HPV vaccination but may make them ineffective. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(9); 1317–25. ©2016 AACR . This article is featured in Highlights of This Issue, [p. 1279][1] [1]: /lookup/volpage/25/1279?iss=9
A Location Aware Game Theoretic Approach for Charging Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

This paper studies the charging problem of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with a game theoretic approach. The interplay between PHEVs and smart micro-grid charging stations are modeled as a multi-leader-multi-flower Stackelberg game. In the game, each PHEV needs to select a charging station for maximum utility given the charging prices from each station; and each charging station needs to adjust its charging price for improved utility based on the charging requests received. An important issue being considered in this paper is that the actual cost for charging into a target energy level depends on the travel distance and traffic conditions between the requesting PHEV and the finally selected charging station. In this paper, we adopt a location aware approach to explicitly incorporate the location- related cost into the utility function in the game model. Note that the distance information, traffic information along the roads, and communications between PHEVs and charging stations are to be obtained or enabled by vehicular ad hoc networks (VANET). We develop the algorithms for charging station selection and price adjustment. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate that the utility improvement of the location-aware model over the location-blind model.
The Radical Technology of Industrie 4.0

Industrie 4.0 illustrates the interconnected nature of standards and software technology. The web extra at https://youtu.be/P11_LuZV2_0 is an audio recording of author David Alan Grier reading his Global Code column, in which he discusses the German manufacturing movement.
Online Expression of Emotions and Personal Viewpoints: A Case Study of Facebook Usage among Thai and US Students

This study researched the use of Facebook by university students in Thailand and the US comparing their activities and use of that Website. The researchers found that Thai students made more intensive use of Facebook in the amount of time spent on the Website, frequency of log-ins, and regularity of their status updates than US students. Thai students also had reported a greater attachment to this social media Website, and appeared to be more open than US students to the use of Facebook for expression of their viewpoints and their emotional states.
httk: R Package for High-Throughput Toxicokinetics

Thousands of chemicals have been profiled by high-throughput screening programs such as ToxCast and Tox21; these chemicals are tested in part because most of them have limited or no data on hazard, exposure, or toxicokinetics. Toxicokinetic models aid in predicting tissue concentrations resulting from chemical exposure, and a "reverse dosimetry" approach can be used to predict exposure doses sufficient to cause tissue concentrations that have been identified as bioactive by high-throughput screening. We have created four toxicokinetic models within the R software package httk. These models are designed to be parameterized using high-throughput in vitro data (plasma protein binding and hepatic clearance), as well as structure-derived physicochemical properties and species-specific physiological data. The package contains tools for Monte Carlo sampling and reverse dosimetry along with functions for the analysis of concentration vs. time simulations. The package can currently use human in vitro data to make predictions for 553 chemicals in humans, rats, mice, dogs, and rabbits, including 94 pharmaceuticals and 415 ToxCast chemicals. For 67 of these chemicals, the package includes rat-specific in vitro data. This package is structured to be augmented with additional chemical data as they become available. Package httk enables the inclusion of toxicokinetics in the statistical analysis of chemicals undergoing high-throughput screening.
Implementation of a skills practical to first-year pharmacy students.

Abstract Background and purpose Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are being implemented in pharmacy schools across the country. As part of a new curriculum, a practical with an OSCE component was implemented for the first time at the West Virginia University School of Pharmacy. Educational activity and setting A practical with an OSCE component was developed for first-year professional pharmacy students in a foundational pharmacy skills course. The OSCE component assessed insulin and inhaler counseling and blood pressure skills. A written exam covered material from throughout the semester. Findings A total of 76 students completed the practical. The average grade was a 27.8 out of 30 points. A total of 62 faculty hours were needed for the implementation of this OSCE. Discussion and summary An OSCE that assessed a variety of foundational pharmacy skills was designed and implemented to first year pharmacy students using limited faculty time and resources.
Multiclass patent document classification

Text classification is used in information extraction and retrieval from a given text, and text classification has been considered as an important step to manage a vast number of records given in digital form that is far-reaching and expanding. This article addresses patent document classification problem into fifteen different categories or classes, where some classes overlap with each other for practical reasons. For the development of the classification model using machine learning techniques, useful features have been extracted from the given documents. The features are used to classify patent document as well as to generate useful tag-words. The overall objective of this work is to systematize NASA’s patent management, by developing a set of automated tools that can assist NASA to manage and market its portfolio of intellectual properties (IP), and to enable easier discovery of relevant IP by users. We have identified an array of methods that can be applied such as k -Nearest Neighbors (kNN), two variations of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms, and two tree based classification algorithms: Random Forest and J48. The major research steps in this paper consist of filtering techniques for variable selection, information gain and feature correlation analysis, and training and testing potential models using effective classifiers. Further, the obstacles associated with the imbalanced data were mitigated by adding pseudo-synthetic data wherever appropriate, which resulted in a superior SVM classifier based model.
Thienopyridines in Stable Coronary Disease

Antiplatelet agents including aspirin and clopidogrel have an established role in reducing the risk of death, stroke and myocardial infarction, and other complications of cardiovascular disease. Aspirin is the standard acute and long-term antiplatelet agent, although clopidogrel alone is slightly more effective than aspirin alone. Several randomized trials have tested the effects of clopidogrel added to aspirin compared to aspirin alone and beneficial effects in the region of 10–20% proportional reductions in risk have been observed in acute coronary syndromes (ST-elevation and non-ST-elevation) and percutaneous coronary intervention. In the chronic setting, where there are far more patients who could potentially benefit, there has been no proven effect of adding clopidogrel to aspirin compared to aspirin alone. In the CHARISMA trial there were trends to benefit in subgroups with pre-existing vascular disease or a prior vascular event. The combination of clopidogrel plus aspirin compared to aspirin alone increases the risk of major bleeding by about 30%. A simple pooling of published data suggests that the overall benefit of adding clopidogrel to aspirin in patients with acute or chronic vascular disease decreases the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by a proportional 10% and an absolute 1% (with greater effects in higher-risk patients) which is clinically worthwhile. Further work is needed to test the effects of clopidogrel when added to aspirin in patients with a prior stroke, myocardial infarction, or peripheral arterial disease as there may be worthwhile benefits that were not apparent in the CHARISMA trial.
Remarks on Schauder Estimates and Existence of Classical Solutions for a Class of Uniformly Parabolic Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman Integro-PDEs

We prove Schauder estimates and obtain existence of classical solutions of Dirichlet initial boundary value problems for a class of uniformly parabolic non-local Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equations.
A Convergent Mixed-Methods Exploration of the Effects of Community-Engaged Coursework on Graduate Student Learning.

Abstract Objective To examine the impact of a community-engaged assignment on graduate student learning in the nutritional sciences. Design Convergent mixed-methods design with parallel data collection and terminal merging of data. Data were composed of grant proposals, reflection papers, and informal course evaluations from 2 semesters of the same course. Fall students wrote proposals on behalf of a community partner whereas spring students wrote fictitious grants to improve nutrition on their campus. Setting A large public university in northeastern US. Participants Students enrolled in the fall (n = 19) or spring (n = 14) semester of the same graduate nutrition course. Phenomenon of Interest Grant quality, student engagement, and collaboration with peers. Analysis Quantitative rubric-based rating of grant proposals, emergent and thematic qualitative coding of open-ended responses, and independent-samples t test of Likert-scale questions. Data were compared between semesters and reported in a contiguous narrative approach. Results Students across semesters experienced academic and personal gains from the assignment. Comparatively, fall students expressed enhanced engagement, improved group dynamics, more frequent application of the assignment to their lives, and a better aggregate grant score. Conclusions and Implications Both experiential and community-engaged coursework can enhance learning outcomes at the graduate level and prepare students for careers in nutrition.
Exploring patterns of personal growth initiative and posttraumatic stress: A latent profile analysis.

Objective: This study examined the inconsistent relationship found between personal growth initiative (PGI) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) by exploring potential subgroups. In addition, a...
Flow Field Characteristics of Multiple Impinging Tapered Nozzles in Confined Channels for High Heat Flux Applications

Impingement cooling with different tested fluids has been widely accepted and used to dissipate high transient and steady state localized heat loads. There are a plethora of advantages of direct impingement cooling over traditional cooling methods but till date the most alluring advantage is that of the boundary layer thickness proximity to the stagnation region being very small and consequentially leads to very high heat transfer rates. A numerical parametric setup involving 60 differing CFD simulations for a direct on-die multiple jet impingement in confined channels in the absence of phase change has been modeled for removing high heat fluxes emanating from the surface of die. The varying parameters for impingement setup includes Reynolds number (8000 ≤ Re ≤ 20000) based on the main inlet nozzle diameter, the nozzle jet orifice plate to the die (z/d) standoff (up to sixteen nozzle jet diameters distance), nozzle type, number of nozzles and aspect ratio. It is found for the higher aspect ratio tapered nozzle, the junction temperature of the silicon decreases 10° C - 20° C depending on the Reynolds number regime of the flow. Surface Nusselt number, a dimensionless heat transfer ratio is investigated on the surface of the die along with heat transfer coefficient (h) and it is shown that h increases with aspect ratio increase in the tapered nozzle and/or Reynolds number increase, and decreases with the tapered jet-to-target standoff distance. The fluid flow pattern reveals interesting features including a boundary layer separation point. The variation of secondary re-circulation zone downstream of the stagnation point with a Reynolds number increase is being investigated in Ansys Icepak, the commercial CFD package. A k-∈ model was used to predict the turbulent flow and associated characteristics. The findings from this investigation can improve the jet impingement design factors and performance of direct on-die impingement for high power density packages. The main objective of the present research is to gain insights computationally into the design and analysis of tapered micro nozzled jet impingement cooling for high power density packages so that robust and efficient impingement systems can be built for prototyping.
Choosing appropriate prosthetic ankle work to reduce the metabolic cost of individuals with transtibial amputation.

Powered ankle prostheses have been designed to reduce the energetic burden that individuals with transtibial amputation experience during ambulation. There is an open question regarding how much power the prosthesis should provide, and whether approximating biological ankle kinetics is optimal to reduce the metabolic cost of users. We tested 10 individuals with transtibial amputation walking on a treadmill wearing the BiOM powered ankle prosthesis programmed with 6 different power settings (0–100%), including a prosthetist-chosen setting, chosen to approximate biological ankle kinetics. We measured subjects’ metabolic cost of transport (COT) and the BiOM’s net ankle work during each condition. Across participants, power settings greater than 50% resulted in lower COT than 0% or 25%. The relationship between power setting, COT, and net ankle work varied considerably between subjects, possibly due to individual adaptation and exploitation of the BiOM’s reflexive controller. For all subjects, the best tested power setting was higher than the prosthetist-chosen setting, resulting in a statistically significant and meaningful difference in COT between the best tested and prosthetist-chosen power settings. The results of this study demonstrate that individuals with transtibial amputation may benefit from prescribed prosthetic ankle push-off work that exceeds biological norms.
L1 and L2 transfer to L3 in L3 and L2 learners of Standard Arabic

Abstract This study examines the influence of previously acquired languages – namely, Colloquial Arabic (CA) and English – on the acquisition of Standard Arabic (SA) by L3 and L2 learners. It reports on the role of typological and structural proximity in language transfer and whether transfer patterns change over time. The study involved 105 participants: 41 CA-L1, English-L2 learners of SA, 47 English-L1 learners of SA, and 17 Arabic-L1 speakers. The participants completed three written tasks focusing on: definite article use, verb subcategorization rules, and sentential negation. The results indicate that CA plays a positive role in L3 learners’ acquisition of SA, mainly in forms where SA and CA converge, whereas English seems to play more of a negative role for both L3 and L2 learners. Thus, structural proximity seems to play a positive role in transfer to the L3. Negative transfer, irrespective of proximity/distance, diminishes as learners advance in their study of SA.