cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analgesic efficacy and technique of ultrasound-guided suprascapular nerve catheters after shoulder arthroscopy.

ABSTRACT Background: Conventional approaches to brachial plexus blocks may not cover the suprascapular nerve. Accordingly, after shoulder arthroscopy, sensation from the posterior part of the shoulder is commonly spared. Most previous research involving suprascapular nerve blocks described single-injection techniques. However, with the widespread availability and fairly reasonable cost of disposable infusion pumps, continuous catheter techniques provide a more appealing method of prolonging postoperative analgesia. Case Report: We describe 2 patients who were successfully treated with ultrasound-guided continuous suprascapular nerve catheters. With the patient seated, a high-frequency linear ultrasound probe was used. Both patients experienced excellent pain relief without complications. Conclusion: Continuous suprascapular catheter techniques provide good pain relief and improve postoperative analgesia after shoulder arthroscopy.
Classification of symmetric polynomials of infinite variables: Construction of Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall states

The classification of complex wave functions of infinite variables is an important problem since it is related to the classification of possible quantum states of matter. In this paper, we propose a way to classify symmetric polynomials of infinite variables using the pattern of zeros of the polynomials. Such a classification leads to a construction of a class of simple non-Abelian quantum Hall states which are closely related to parafermion conformal field theories.
A cautious look at using Internet standards-to-be in research work

Standardization of Internet protocols is usually a somewhat slow process. The reasons for this are manifold. Besides working out the protocol details, things like opposing stakeholder interests can prolong the consensus building process, new requirements might be introduced that require technical changes to the protocol, coordination across standards developing organizations (SDOs) might add delays just to name a few. For potential users of a standard-to-be, the time to specify and implement it often stalls progress on projects which could have been finished far earlier using proprietary — but ultimately non-interoperable — implementations. For research work, interoperability is however not always an important concern. The overhead and delay of an SDO in these cases is typically a hard to calculate risk for a research project. It represents an external dependency for the work but there is only a finite amount of funding and time to finish the project. On the other hand, using standardized technology increases the likelihood that the output of the project is being used by external parties and the implementation experience can be valuable input to the standardization process. In this paper, we analyze the life cycle of recent Internet standards to provide researchers an insight into the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standardization process duration. We evaluate different areas, document phases, working groups and other aspects of the standardization process. This allows researchers to better judge whether they want to employ standards-to-be in research work or engage with the IETF to specify protocols based on research prototypes.
Laparoscopic Totally Extraperitoneal Hernioplasty (TEP): Part I

Before the last decade of the twentieth century, most hernias were repaired using conventional anterior approaches. With the advent of laparoscopic techniques, however, surgeons began to look at the problem of hernia repair in a totally new way. Because recurrent and complex hernias had been successfully approached in the past by Stoppa, Read, Nyhus, and others using a posterior mesh repair, laparoscopic surgeons thought that it was reasonable to approach inguinal hernias using a laparoscopic modification of this technique. It was hoped that patients undergoing a laparoscopic hernia repair would recover faster and have less discomfort, as was the case for patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Electron mean free path of tungsten and the electrical resistivity of epitaxial (110) tungsten films

This work describes a study of the classical electrical resistivity size effect in tungsten. The important length scale for this size effect is the isotropic average electron mean free path (EMFP), which was determined to be 19.1 nm for W at 293 K by employing density functional theory. To explore the size effect experimentally, (110) oriented epitaxial W films with thicknesses ranging from 9.8 to 299.7 nm were prepared by sputter deposition onto ($11\overline{2}0$) Al${}_{2}$O${}_{3}$ substrates at 520 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C followed by postdeposition annealing in Ar-4$%$H${}_{2}$ at 850 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Film resistivities were measured at room temperature and at liquid He temperature. The Fuchs-Sondheimer (FS) surface scattering model with a low specularity parameter ($p$ $=$ 0.11) was shown to provide a good description of the film resistivity as a function of film thickness. Further, it is shown that an upper bound to the EMFP cannot be established by fitting resistivity data to the FS model, whereas a lower bound can be assessed.
Two-Phase Immiscible Displacement

This chapter discusses Buckley–Leverett theory and application, the most significant contribution made to fundamental understanding of immiscible displacement of fluids in porous media. This chapter is to describe the process of two-phase immiscible displacement in porous media using the Buckley–Leverett theory. It begins with description of governing equations and constitutive relations with the first portion of the chapter devoted to immiscible two-phase flow. Then, the subject is introduced for frontal-advance equation of two-phase immiscible displacement. After discussing several basic assumptions, the Buckley–Leverett solution and Welge's approach for determining average saturations are presented. This chapter also presents a new, integral approach to uniquely determine sharp-front saturation of displacement, complementary to Welge's approach. The chapter concludes with application of the Buckley–Leverett solution, including calculations of oil recovery and pressure profiles.
The Reforming Body Position in Placing Catheter at the Proximal Dorsal Basilic Vein below Elbow in Patients with PICC

Objective To explore the feasible approach of placing catheter at the proximal dorsal basilic vein below elbow by reforming body position in patients with PICC.Methods To divide the patients into observation group and control group according to different body positions when placing catheter at the proximal dorsal basilic vein below elbow,and evaluate the feasibility of reforming body position.Results Thirty seven cases were included in this study and the cases of mechanical phlebitis in the observation group was less than that in the control group.The difference had statistical significance.Conclusion In the modified approach,puncturing,placing,preserving and drawing the catheter could be finished successfully,and the head of catheter could get the ideal inferior extremity of superior vena cava without infection.The approach of reforming body position could decrease the rate of mechanical phlebitis and is better.
Study on MBBMS Service Key Updating System

In this paper,the service key updating system on Mobile TV system MBBMS is described.Firstly,the current service key updating system is introduced,and its insufficient methods are also analyzed.Then,the optimized service key updating system is given,and its service process is explained.Through the introduction of this article,the reader could have a clear understanding of the service key updating system on mobile TV system MBBMS.
Effect of Heat on Fatty Acids. Studies of Five Baked Products, Using Three Fats

Gas liquid chromatographic analyses of crude lipid extracted from five flour products—pastry, biscuits, sugar cookies, plain and chocolate cake—before and after baking indicate no important changes in fatty acid composition.
Spin-labeled narcotics.

We have synthesized a series of spin-labeled derivatives of morphine and codeine and have used electron spin resonance spectroscopy to examine some of the interactions of these molecules. Animal studies were conducted to determine the relative analgesic potencies of these drugs. A series of expeniments was conducted in which one of the spin-labeled drugs was isolated from the brains of rats and ESR was used to show that enzymatic hydrolysis of the drug was a relatively slow process. These experiments indicate that the pharmacological effects of these drugs are due to the spin-labeled molecules and not to a hydrolysis product (morphine or codeine). ESR was also used to demonstrate that the spin-labeled drugs bind to isolated synaptic membrane preparations. These experiments indicate that ESR will be a valuable tool for the study of the interaction of spin-labeled analgesic drugs with membranes.
Hepatic mTORC1 Opposes Impaired Insulin Action to Control Mitochondrial Metabolism in Obesity

Dysregulated mitochondrial metabolism during hepatic insulin resistance may contribute to pathophysiologies ranging from elevated glucose production to hepatocellular oxidative stress and inflammation. Given that obesity impairs insulin action but paradoxically activates mTORC1, we tested whether insulin action and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) contribute to altered in vivo hepatic mitochondrial metabolism. Loss of hepatic insulin action for 2 weeks caused increased gluconeogenesis, mitochondrial anaplerosis, tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle oxidation, and ketogenesis. However, activation of mTORC1, induced by the loss of hepatic Tsc1, suppressed these fluxes. Only glycogen synthesis was impaired by both loss of insulin receptor and mTORC1 activation. Mice with a double knockout of the insulin receptor and Tsc1 had larger livers, hyperglycemia, severely impaired glycogen storage, and suppressed ketogenesis, as compared to those with loss of the liver insulin receptor alone. Thus, activation of hepatic mTORC1 opposes the catabolic effects of impaired insulin action under some nutritional states.
Qualities of the Comic in Grabbe’s Scherz, Satire, Ironie und tiefere Bedeutung

(1966). Qualities of the Comic in Grabbe’s Scherz, Satire, Ironie und tiefere Bedeutung. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 89-102.
Overview of Model Library

This chapter provides an overview of a prototype library for rigid-body modeling. The prototype library supports classical dynamic rigid-body motion with geometric constraints. The prototype library has three major goals: (1) to demonstrate the structured design strategy, (2) to test the feasibility of the design strategy, and (3) to provide a rigid-body modeling library. The library includes the following features for rigid-body modeling: (1) basic Newtonian motion of rigid bodies in response to forces and torques, (2) the ability to measure work done by each force and torque and balance it against the kinetic energy of the bodies; (3) support for various kinds of forces to apply to bodies, including dynamic constraint forces to allow constraint-based control; (4) the ability to handle discontinuities in a model; and (5) the ability to be extended, both by enhancing the modules and by adding additional modules.
Treatment of T-cell lymphomas

The mature T-cell and natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas represent 10–15% of the non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) by incidence and comprise 23 clinicopathologic entities in the most recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification (see Chapter 3).
Prevalence of BCL-2/J(H) Translocation in Healthy African Americans

The translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21) (BCL-2/J(H)) is present in over 80 % of all follicular lymphomas and is detectable in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of healthy individuals. The prevalence of this translocation has not been studied in African Americans (AAs). Given the higher incidence of follicular lymphomas in whites compared to AAs in the United States (USA), we hypothesized that the translocation prevalence in the blood of AAs would be lower. DNA was isolated from PBL from blood samples collected from participants from FL. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on the BCL-2/J(H) major (MBC) and minor breakpoint cluster (mBC) regions. Eight of the 77 (10.4 %) blood samples from AA participants were positive for MBC (95 % CI, 4.6-19.5 %), and three (3.9 %) were positive for mBC (95 % CI, 0.81-10.97 %) of BCL-2/J(H), with a total of 11 (14.3 %) participants with positive samples (95 % CI, 7.35-24.13 %). In 167 white patient samples, 22 (13.2 %; 95 % CI, 8.44-19.26 %) were positive for MBC, and five (3.0 %; 95 % CI, 0.98-6.85 %) were positive for mBC, with a total of 25 (15 %) participants with positive samples (CI, 9.93-21.30 %). The prevalence of t(14;18)(q32;q21) is not significantly different among AAs and whites from the USA. The lower prevalence of follicular lymphomas in AAs compared with whites is likely a result of differences in secondary molecular alterations involved in follicular lymphoma development. This study is the first report of prevalence of t(14;18) in an AA cohort.
Diagnostic challenges in POEMS syndrome presenting with polyneuropathy: A case series.

Abstract Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with POEMS presenting with polyneuropathy and discuss associated diagnostic challenges. Method Retrospective analysis of 6 patients from 2 tertiary-care institutions. Results Six patients presented with progressive sensorimotor deficits predominantly or exclusively in the lower extremities and were diagnosed with POEMS syndrome. In 4 patients, a diagnosis of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy (CIDP) was mistakenly made. Low concentration of serum paraprotein and elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were detected in all 6 patients. Initial serum immunofixation and skeletal survey were normal in 2 patients each. On nerve conduction studies, motor and sensory responses were absent in the lower extremity in all 6 patients. Conduction velocity slowing and F-wave latency prolongation appear slightly more pronounced than distal motor latency prolongation in the upper extremity. Spinal MRI showed diffuse lumbosacral nerve root enhancement in all. In 3 patients, targeted bone marrow biopsy was needed for confirming the POEMS diagnosis. Treatment with corticosteroids, chemotherapy agent, focal radiation and/or autologous stem cell transplantation led to significant improvement in 5 of 6 patients. Conclusion Diagnosis of POEMS should be considered in patients with progressive polyneuropathies of mixed demyelinating and axon loss features, including CIDP patients not responding to standard treatment. A polyradiculoneuropathy rather than a pure polyneuropathy seems to exist in POEMS.
X-ray crystal structure of a reiterative transcription complex reveals an atypical RNA extension pathway.

Abstract Reiterative transcription is a noncanonical form of RNA synthesis in which a nucleotide specified by a single base in the DNA template is repetitively added to the nascent transcript. Here we determined the crystal structure of an RNA polymerase, the bacterial enzyme from Thermus thermophilus, engaged in reiterative transcription during transcription initiation at a promoter resembling the pyrG promoter of Bacillus subtilis. The structure reveals that the reiterative transcript detours from the dedicated RNA exit channel and extends toward the main channel of the enzyme, thereby allowing RNA extension without displacement of the promoter recognition σ-factor. Nascent transcripts containing reiteratively added G residues are eventually extended by nonreiterative transcription, revealing an atypical pathway for the formation of a transcription elongation complex.
Modeling of IPMC Guide Wire Stirrer in Endovascular Surgery

Reported are modeling, design, development, and laboratory testing of an electrically bendable soft distal tip of a guide wire or micro-catheter for use during endovascular surgical operations or diagnostics. The catheter distal tip is equipped with an electrically controllable, relatively floppy stirrer. The distal end is equipped with an ionic polymeric metal composite (IPMC) artificial muscle. The artificial muscle is connected to an external voltage and controllable by a feed forward or feedback controller and may be manipulated through a surgical robotic system similar to those used in master–slave robots. By varying the voltage or current applied to the polymeric artificial muscle bender, it can be made to bend/stir in one direction or another. By pointing the distal tip in a desired direction, the catheter or guide wire can be advanced to a specific location such as a cerebral aneurysm in the brain vasculature through body lumens. The artificial muscle distal tip bender is multifunctional or smart because it can serve both as an endovascular actuator and a sensor for hemodynamic flow and force measurement.
THE IMPACT OF MOTIVATION ON ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF PREDOMINANTLY BLACK COLLEGE STUDENTS IN NORTH CAROLINA PUBLIC UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

Aim : This study examined the effect of various types of motivations on the academic success of predominantly black college students. The goal of the study was to determine the types of motivation strategies that could be adopted to enhance retention and graduation rates at predominantly black colleges. The aim of this study was to begin a line of inquiry with the hope of generating empirical data that could be relied upon by university administrators and education policymakers to develop evidence-based interventions and academic motivational support programs to improve the retention and graduation rates at predominantly black colleges and universities. Methods : Survey data on intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, social motivation, personal motivation, and amotivation were collected from predominantly black students and subjected to structural equation modelling using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Results and Conclusion : The study found that amotivation had a large significant negative effect on the academic success of the predominantly black college students. Intrinsic motivation had a moderate positive significant effect on academic success. Social motivation had a moderate positive, but insignificant effect on academic motivation. Extrinsic motivation and personal motivation had no meaningful effect on the academic success of the predominantly black college students. We conclude that to enhance retention and graduation rates in predominantly black colleges, more emphasis should be placed on developing and implementing evidence-based intrinsic motivation intervention strategies and strategies to reduce amotivation among this population such as autonomous supportive teaching strategies.
Response: “Re: Predicting Risk for Opioid Misuse in Chronic Pain with a Single-Item Measure of Catastrophic Thinking”

To the Editor: We thank Ayodeji Otufowora, MB.BS, MPH for the thoughtful commentary regarding our brief report on predicting risk of opioid misuse with a single-item measure of pain catastrophizing. It is accurate to note that the evidence for catastrophizing as a distinct construct completely
Top Management Team Configuration and Strategic Resource Reallocation

The top management team (TMT) plays an important role in determining how resources will be allocated among the business units of the firm. However, firms tend to maintain spending levels in each of...
Antimicrobial resistance trends in fecal Salmonella isolates from northern California dairy cattle admitted to a veterinary teaching hospital, 2002-2016

Nontyphoidal Salmonella infections contribute to approximately 1.2 million annual illnesses in the United States. Historical and recent outbreaks have been associated with dairy products, ground beef, and direct contact with cattle. Salmonella antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious concern that can reduce successful treatment of infections, increasing recovery time, medical costs, and mortality rates in humans and animals. This highlights the need to track AMR in Salmonella isolated from cattle to improve treatment plans, manage trends in AMR, and prevent future AMR development. A total of 242 Salmonella isolates were retrieved from 9,162 cattle fecal samples submitted to the University of California, Davis Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 2002 to 2016. These isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using a standardized broth dilution panel. Multidrug resistance (MDR) to three or more classes of antimicrobials was observed in 50.8% of isolates, and the most common MDR pattern was amoxicillin-ampicillin-cefoxitin-ceftiofur-ceftriaxone-chloramphenicol-streptomycin-tetracycline (23.2%). There were significantly greater odds for antimicrobial resistance to aminoglycosides (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.1-3.7), penicillins (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.007-3.5), and tetracyclines (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.017-3.4) for the 2002-2009 period when compared to the 2010-2016 period. The most prevalent MDR serotypes were Newport (100% MDR, n = 52), Typhimurium (100%, n = 20), and Dublin (71% MDR, n = 46). Risk factors associated with higher odds for isolating MDR Salmonella included isolates from calves when compared to adult cattle (OR: 22.0; 95% C.I.: 3.9-125.7), and isolates obtained from cattle suspect of having salmonellosis versus from the infectious disease control surveillance program (OR:13.7; 95%C.I.: 2.8-66.8). Despite a temporal trend for reduced AMR to most antimicrobial drug classes, a lack of this observed in the 2002-2009 period when compared to the 2010-2016 period for important drug classes such as cephalosporins (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 0.87-3.1), and a trend for temporal increase in resistant to quinolones drugs (P value 0.004) highlight the relevance of AMR surveillance in cattle with Salmonella infections with the aim of targeting future prophylactic interventions.
Management of Respiratory Failure

Abstract Chapter 29 describes the management of the two broad classes of respiratory failure – hypoxemic respiratory failure and hypercapnic respiratory failure. The goals of each are described in terms of the principles of support and the desired targets for gas exchange. The available types of mechanical ventilation are presented, focusing on pressure support ventilation and pressure-controlled ventilation as the major modes of pressure-limited ventilation, and assist-control ventilation and synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation as the major modes of volume-cycled ventilation. Positive end-expiratory pressure is explained as a technique to avoid alveolar closure during expiration, increase functional residual capacity, reduce the amount of shunting, and improve oxygenation. When ventilated patients are sufficiently stable, a daily trial of spontaneous breathing is used to assess the patient's ability to be maintained off ventilatory support. The technique of noninvasive ventilation as an alternative to intubation and ventilation through an endotracheal tube is described, along with the clinical scenarios where it may be most applicable. Complications associated with intubation, with endotracheal or tracheostomy tubes, and with use of a mechanical ventilator are described as the major categories of complications associated with intubation and mechanical ventilation. Options for chronic ventilatory support in the home setting are presented, focusing primarily on home noninvasive ventilation. In selected patients with severe lung disease of various etiologies, lung transplantation may be an option, although it does replace the underlying disease with the potential complications of infection and rejection following transplantation.
PTSD Among Bosnian Refugees: A Survey of Providers' Knowledge, Attitudes and Service Patterns

The objective of this study was to investigate providers' knowledge, attitudes and service provision patterns for Bosnian refugees with PTSD and to consider the overall implications for trauma-related mental health services. A survey instrument was developed and administered to 30 randomly selected service providers working with Bosnian refugees in Chicago. This sample includes primary medical care providers (n = 7), community social service providers (n = 12), and mental health service providers (n = 11). Results showed that knowledge about PTSD is highest in mental health service providers, as is amount of previous training and education about PTSD. Less than half of all providers systematically assess for PTSD, and standardized instruments for PTSD are rarely used. The top three overall recommendations for services were ranked as: 1. Psychotherapy; 2. No intervention; 3. Psychiatric evaluation. In general, less than half of providers hold attitudes toward refugees as suffering from illnesses or mental disorders, or that “something” is wrong with them. Likewise, only half of the providers reported providing education to refugees and their families about the possible mental health consequences of trauma. In conclusion, assessment, intervention and educational activities of providers are not consistent with literature documenting that PTSD is highly prevalent in refugee populations. New training programs, model development, and research initiatives are needed to address the needs of refugees.
Multi-Dimensional, First-Order, Linear Systems: Characterization

This chapter characterizes the trajectory of a vector of state variables in multi-dimensional, first-order, linear dynamical systems. It examines the trajectories of these systems when the matrix of coefficients has real eigenvalues and the vector of state variables converges or diverges in a monotonic or oscillatory fashion towards or away from a steady-state equilibrium that is characterized by either a saddle point or a stable or unstable (improper) node. In addition, it examines the trajectories of these linear dynamical systems when the matrix of coefficients has complex eigenvalues and the system is therefore characterized by a spiral sink, a spiral source, or a periodic orbit.
Ribonucleotide reductase as a target to control apicomplexan diseases.

Malaria is caused by species in the apicomplexan genus Plasmodium, which infect hundreds of millions of people each year and kill close to one million. While malaria is the most notorious of the apicomplexan-caused diseases, other members of the eukaryotic phylum Apicomplexa are responsible for additional, albeit less well-known, diseases in humans, economically important livestock, and a variety of other vertebrates. Diseases such as babesiosis (hemolytic anemia), theileriosis and East Coast Fever, cryptosporidiosis, and toxoplasmosis are caused by the apicomplexans Babesia, Theileria, Cryptosporidium and Toxoplasma, respectively. In addition to the loss of human life, these diseases are responsible for losses of billions of dollars annually. Hence, the research into new drug targets remains a high priority. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) is an essential enzyme found in all domains of life. It is the only means by which de novo synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides occurs, without which DNA replication and repair cannot proceed. RNR has long been the target of antiviral, antibacterial and anti-cancer therapeutics. Herein, we review the chemotherapeutic methods used to inhibit RNR, with particular emphasis on the role of RNR inhibition in Apicomplexa, and in light of the novel RNR R2_e2 subunit recently identified in apicomplexan parasites.
Comments on Two Epistemological Theses of Thomas Kuhn

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions 1and Kuhn’s afterthoughts (1970a, 1974) have been subjected to so much penetrating criticism that any further examination might be supposed redundant.2 There are, however, two epistemological theses in his work which have not, in my opinion, received adequate analysis. They are not essentially dependent upon considerations of Gestalt switches, theory-ladenness of observation, incommensurability, or the ambiguity of the word ‘paradigm’, which have received much critical attention.
Stereochemistry of Monoterpene Cyclization

The vast majority of the several hundred naturally occurring monoterpenes are cyclic and represent a relatively small number of skeletal themes multiplied by a very large range of simple derivatives, positional isomers and stereochemical variants.1 A unified conceptual framework for the origin of the various terpenoid types was put forward three decades ago by Ruzicka in formulating the “biogenetic isoprene rule.”2 As applied to the monoterpenes, this scheme (Fig. 1) posits intramolecular electrophilic attack of C1 of the neryl cation on the distal double bond to yield a monocyclic (α-terpinyl) intermediate, which by a series of subsequent internal additions, hydride shifts, and Wagner-Meerwein rearrangements give rise to the cationic equivalents of most known skeletal types. The latter species, by deprotonation to the corresponding olefin or capture by a nucleophile, could yield many of the common monoterpenes, and by subsequent, often oxidative, modification of these cyclic progenitors most other monoterpenes could be generated. This seminal contribution by Ruzicka set the foundation for nearly all subsequent biogenetic investigations, which have supported the broad outlines of this basic proposal. More recent investigations at the enzyme-level, however, have necessitated revision of some elements of the scheme, and, moreover, have allowed reformulation of the general model for monoterpene cyclization in explicit mechanistic and stereochemical terms. Detailed descriptions of the biosynthesis of cyclic monoterpenes are available;3, 4 the focus of this chapter is the stereochemical aspects of the cyclization process.
Chapter 8 Visual Aids to Knowledge Construction: Building Mental Representations from Pictures and Words

Abstract When do illustrations and pictures help students to understand verbal descriptions of how a simple device works? Based on a dual-coding theory of learning from words and pictures, four conditions are proposed: (a) the material is explanative, that is, it presents a cause-and-effect chain of how something works rather than a list of arbitrary facts; (b) the illustration or animation is explanative, that is, it presents several frames depicting changes in the system and is coordinated with a verbal description of the changes, rather than a single frame uncoordinated with a verbal description; (c) the learner lacks prior knowledge about the system; and (d) the test evaluates understanding, such as problem-solving transfer, rather than retention of specific details. The predictions were confirmed in a series of 28 experimental tests. Resume Quand les illustrations et les dessins aident-ils les etudiants a comprendre des descriptions verbales du fonctionnement ďappareils simples? Basees sur une theorie du double codage de ľapprentissage a partir de mots et ďimages, quatre conditions sont proposees: (a) le materiel est explicatif, c'est a dire, il presente la chaine des causes a effets du fonctionnement, plutot qu'une liste arbitraire de faits; (b) ľillustration ou ľanimation est explicative, autrement dit, plusieurs cadres figurant des changements dans le systeme sont presentes et sont combines a une description verbale des changements, plutot qu'un cadre unique non combine avec une description verbale; (c) ľapprenant ne dispose pas de connaissances anterieures concernant le systeme; et (d) le test evalue la comprehension, comme dans les tâches de resolution de probleme, plutot que la retention de details specifiques. Les predictions sont confirmees dans une serie de 28 tests experimentaux.
On Robustness of Pre-Asymptotic Stability to Delayed Jumps in Hybrid Systems

We show that pre-asymptotic stability of a compact set for a hybrid system is semiglobally and practically robust in the presence of delayed jumps under mild conditions on the data. More precisely, when the delay-free system has a pre-asymptotically stable compact set, it is shown that for small enough delays, solutions of the delayed system converge to a neighborhood of a set of interest related to the aforementioned compact set. Unlike prior work, this notion of practical stability also holds for time-varying delays in the presence of Zeno solutions. Simulation results of a state estimator with intermittent and delayed information validate the findings.
Asian representation in clinical trials of new drugs for the treatment of cancer.

6564Background: In the US, statistics for Asians are often aggregated with other racial groups. This poses challenges in estimating the cancer burden and in defining cancer clinical trial enrollmen...
Willie Hiatt. The Rarified Air of the Modern: Airplanes and Technological Modernity in the Andes

Resena del libro "The Rarified Air of the Modern: Airplanes and Technological Modernity in the Andes".
Making Time to Coordinate Care for Children With Medical Complexity.

* Abbreviation: CMC — : child(ren) with medical complexity The American Academy of Pediatrics’ current policy statement on care coordination1 describes it as a “patient and family-centered, assessment-driven, team-based activity designed to meet the needs of children and youth while enhancing the caregiving capabilities of families.” This framework underscores the aspiration to achieve optimal health and well-being by addressing the child’s “interrelated medical, social, developmental, behavioral, educational, and financial needs.”1 Given the diversity and intensity of these needs among children with medical complexity (CMC),2,3 and a broad vision of health for this population,4 care coordination has become the focus of the rapidly expanding field of complex care.5 Supporting the personnel and infrastructure to successfully coordinate care for CMC is a major sustainability challenge facing complex-care programs today.6 In this month’s issue of Pediatrics , Ronis et al7 report on time spent in nonbillable care coordination activities for 208 CMC over their program’s first 2 years. In near real time, staff logged each coordination activity, the staff’s professional role (eg, registered nurse, medical doctor), and the modality, target, and duration of the … Address correspondence to Ryan J. Coller, MD, MPH, Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792. E-mail: rcoller{at}pediatrics.wisc.edu
Cooperative Effect of Oncogenic MET and PIK3CA in an HGF-Dominant Environment in Breast Cancer

There is compelling evidence that oncogenic MET and PIK3CA signaling pathways contribute to breast cancer. However, the activity of pharmacologic targeting of either pathway is modest. Mechanisms of resistance to these monotherapies have not been clarified. Currently, commonly used mouse models are inadequate for studying the HGF-MET axis because mouse HGF does not bind human MET. We established human HGF-MET paired mouse models. In this study, we evaluated the cooperative effects of MET and PIK3CA in an environment with involvement of human HGF in vivo Oncogenic MET/PIK3CA synergistically induced aggressive behavior and resistance to each targeted therapy in an HGF-paracrine environment. Combined targeting of MET and PI3K abrogates resistance. Associated cell signaling changes were explored by functional proteomics. Consistently, combined targeting of MET and PI3K inhibited activation of associated oncogenic pathways. We also evaluated the response of tumor cells to HGF stimulation using breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX). HGF stimulation induced significant phosphorylation of MET for all PDX lines detected to varying degrees. However, the levels of phosphorylated MET are not correlated with its expression, suggesting that MET expression level cannot be used as a sole criterion to recruit patients to clinical trials for MET-targeted therapy. Altogether, our data suggest that combined targeting of MET and PI3K could be a potential clinical strategy for breast cancer patients, where phosphorylated MET and PIK3CA mutation status would be biomarkers for selecting patients who are most likely to derive benefit from these cotargeted therapy.
Abstract P287: The Rising Trend of Hypertension in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients

Background: A concerning trend in society today is the development of lifelong diseases, such as hypertension, at an early age. The sequelae of prolonged uncontrolled hypertension are devastating a...
Calculating the Lung Allocation Score Error for ECMO Patients

Purpose The use of extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation has increased dramatically. However, the Lung Allocation Score (LAS) does not use a dedicated ECMO variable; instead, ECMO is proxied by mechanical ventilation with 100% oxygen. We aimed to determine if this approximation accurately reflects the transplantation urgency for ECMO patients. Methods Lung transplant candidates and recipients greater than 12 years of age between 2008-2014 were selected from the SRTR database. For both the wait-list (WL) and post-transplant (PT) time periods, predicted survival functions were calculated using the LAS model and compared to observed survival functions estimated by Kaplan-Meier. Differences between predicted and observed WL survival and PT survival were calculated for candidates and recipients, stratified by ECMO support at listing or transplant. The errors in WL and PT survival were then combined to estimate the LAS error for each group. Results During the study period, 16,259 candidates were listed; 236 were on ECMO at listing. A total of 12,169 patients were transplanted; 363 were on ECMO at transplant. Non-ECMO candidates survived a mean of 336 days from listing compared to a LAS prediction of 328 days, leading to a WL error of 9 days. ECMO candidates survived a mean of 199 days from listing compared to a LAS prediction of 123 days, leading to a WL error of 77 days. Non-ECMO recipients survived a mean of 333 days from transplant compared to a LAS prediction of 315 days, leading to a PT error of 17 days. ECMO recipients survived a mean of 296 days from transplant compared to a LAS prediction of 248 days, leading to a PT error of 48 days (Fig 1). ECMO was associated with an overestimation of the LAS by 10 points, compared to a non-ECMO underestimation of 0.04 points. Conclusion The LAS ECMO correction underestimates both WL and PT one-year survival, leading to an overall upward bias in the LAS compared to non-ECMO candidates. This suggests that ECMO candidates have a lower transplantation urgency than implied by their LAS.
Polarizable Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Two c-kit Oncogene Promoter G-Quadruplexes: Effect of Primary and Secondary Structure on Loop and Ion Sampling.

G-quadruplexes (GQs) are highly ordered nucleic acid structures that play fundamental roles in regulating gene expression and maintaining genomic stability. GQs are topologically diverse and enrich...
Manufacturing A Donor Lymphocyte Product Depleted Of TCR-αβ T Cells And CD19+ B Cells For Prophylactic Infusion Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Background & Aim Background In allogeneic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), relapse of hematologic malignancies is a leading cause of post-transplant morbidity. In the early post-transplant period, when immune reconstitution is pending, residual leukemic clones can proliferate, resulting in disease relapse with bleak prognosis and limited treatment options. Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) are often used as treatment of post-transplant leukemia relapse but this practice is limited by graft versus host disease (GVHD) as a complication. Adoptive transfer of selected lymphocyte subsets that effect tumor cytotoxicity without inducing GVHD, such as natural killer (NK) cells and TCRγδ T cells, may provide early donor-derived surveillance for residual or early relapse disease after HSCT. With this background, a Phase I clinical trial (CASE1Z19) was designed to explore the prophylactic administration of donor lymphocytes depleted of TCR-αβ T cells and CD19+ B cells early in the post-transplant course. A maximum threshold of Methods, Results & Conclusion Methods Three qualification runs were conducted using the Miltenyi CliniMACS Plus system to deplete TCR-αβ T and CD19+ B cells from non-mobilized, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in leukapheresis products sourced by a commercial vendor. Each product was analyzed for lymphocyte subset composition and stability post-processing. Results The mean starting total white blood cell count was 6.4 × 109 cells from which TCR-αβ T cells and CD19+ B cells were maximally depleted by >99.8% with mean Log10 reductions of 3.10 and 3.06 respectively (Table1). The TCR-αβ T cell content in products generated from each run were 0.2-0.5 × 105/kg, based on an average 60kg adult. The yield of NK cells and TCRγδ T cells from each manufacturing ranged from 50-97% and 86-100% respectively. All products were stable post-processing, at room temperature for up to 6 hours, with a mean cell viability of 95.1%. Conclusion A donor lymphocyte product sufficiently purified of TCRαβ T and CD19+ B cells with subsequent enrichment of NK cells and TCR-γδ T cells can consistently be generated for prophylactic adoptive transfer in the post-transplant setting. Additional analysis characterizing NK and TCR-γδ T cell subsets for function and activation is underway.
A Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein paralog defines a novel class of heme-binding proteins

Yeast Sfh5 is an unusual member of the Sec14-like phosphatidylinositol transfer protein (PITP) family. Whereas PITPs are defined by their abilities to transfer phosphatidylinositol between membranes in vitro, and to stimulate phosphoinositide signaling in vivo, Sfh5 does not exhibit these activities. Rather, Sfh5 is a redox-active penta-coordinate high spin FeIII hemoprotein with an unusual heme-binding arrangement that involves a co-axial tyrosine/histidine coordination strategy and a complex electronic structure connecting the open shell iron d-orbitals with three aromatic ring systems. That Sfh5 is not a PITP is supported by demonstrations that heme is not a readily exchangeable ligand, and that phosphatidylinositol-exchange activity is resuscitated in heme binding-deficient Sfh5 mutants. The collective data identify Sfh5 as the prototype of a new class of fungal hemoproteins, and emphasize the versatility of the Sec14-fold as scaffold for translating the binding of chemically distinct ligands to the control of diverse sets of cellular activities.
Some Aspects of Test Data Management Strategy

Test Data Management (TDM) is the process of planning, requisitioning, mining, masking, and/or encrypting, provisioning, storing, and managing the test data needed for validating the functional and performance aspects of a software application for quality and usability. TDM aligns closely with the software development life cycle (SDLC) and separates production data from test data by protecting privacy and at the same time keeping the data useful for making meaningful validation. Protection of privacy of data using masking and encryption techniques has advantages and disadvantages. If not carefully analyzed, masked or encrypted data has been known to create inconsistencies and gaps in records that can cause incompleteness leading to wrong conclusions. Excessive and stringent protection algorithms can also cause a performance bottleneck. This paper examines the people, process, and technology aspects of how test data can be managed without exposing customer information as pros and cons effects of the techniques used for data protection. While adoption of any model for algorithmic masking and encryption is not discouraged, these models need to be experimentally validated using parallel testing before adopting on a large scale to determine that ‘protecting data’ did not ‘distort the outcome’. Challenges associated with data provisioning, sub setting, and data refreshes are also examined from a strategy standpoint along with architectural implications asking a question – is this data protection theme overhyped, that it makes data management such a complicated and costly problem? Finally, we look at synthetic data, that seems to solve problems arising out of encryption issues due to overdoing and data masking issues that poses centralization of the masking tasks done a by special group causing extra dependencies leading to delays. Both encryption and data masking are complex tasks, requiring specialized tools that are expensive, and still do not eliminate the threat from insiders.
Exploring potential roles of academic libraries in undergraduate data science education curriculum development

Abstract Undergraduate data science education is receiving increasing interest in many higher education institutions in the U.S., with the proliferation of data and data related work and research. As an emerging interdisciplinary study field, data science curriculum is typically a collection of individual data science related courses from different schools and departments, most of which are teaching data science in a siloed fashion. Therefore, it is necessary to map the landscape of existing curricula and explore how academic libraries can collaborate and contribute to undergraduate data science education. In this study, we analyzed teaching content and topics of over 100 data science related courses at Purdue University to map the landscape and explore roles of academic libraries to support data science education curriculum. Our results indicate most existing courses focused on ‘hard-core’ scientific analytic principles, such as computer science, statistics, and domain-specific skills. Courses of data-oriented skills, such as data management, data ethics, and data communications were limited across disciplines. In addition, data science courses were more likely targeting STEM students at upper levels (3rd and 4th year students). Academic libraries can enrich data science education efforts, by supporting credit courses, certificate programs, and other co-curricular activities to provide learning opportunities to all students, particularly 1st and 2nd year students and non-STEM majors.
Lentigo Versus Lentiginous

Lentigo is a term that describes a clinically distinct lesion that may be sub-classified as solar lentigo and lentigo simplex. Lentiginous is a descriptive term of a pattern of melanocytic growth as individual cells along the dermal epidermal junction. Lentiginous melanocytic proliferation may be observed in lentigo, however it is also observed in other processes including dysplastic nevus, lentigo maligna, acral lentiginous melanoma and mucosal melanoma.
Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life

The shop/house – the building combining commercial/retail uses and dwellings – appears over many periods of history in most cities in the world. This book combines architectural history, cross-cultural understandings and accounts of contemporary policy and building practice to provide a comprehensive account of this common but overlooked building. The merchant's house in northern European cities, the Asian shophouse, the apartment building on New York avenues, typical apartment buildings in Rome and in Paris – this variety of shop/houses along with the commonality of attributes that form them, mean that the hybrid phenomenon is as much a social and economic one as it is an architectural one. Professionals, city officials and developers are taking a new look at buildings that allow for higher densities and mixed-use. Describing exemplary contemporary projects and issues pertaining to their implementation as well as the background, cultural variety and urban attributes, this book will benefit designers dealing with mixed-use buildings as well as academics and students.