cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Use of Drama and Puppetry in Occupational Therapy During the 1920s and 1930s

The occupational therapy literature was reviewed to determine how drama was used as a clinical modality in the 1920s and 1930s. It appears that the emergence of the Little Theater Movement in the early 1900s, which enabled amateurs to perform publicly, provided the impetus for occupational therapists to use drama as purposeful activity. The theatrical modes most frequently used were pageantry, puppetry, and comedic plays. Additionally, the collective nature of drama facilitated group-centered treatment. Noble, a psychiatrist at Sheppard and Enoch Pratt in Maryland, used drama for insight-oriented therapy and recommended that occupational therapists use drama for treatment of persons with mental illness. Drama in occupational therapy still exists in some psychiatric settings, although a new discipline known as drama therapy, which is a division of the creative arts therapies, has arisen. Although drama therapy addresses psychodynamic goals, drama also can be used in occupational therapy to promote competence, enhance self-concept, and improve socialization.
Area efficient pipelined pseudo-exhaustive testing with retiming

Pseudo-exhaustive testing (PET) offers a simple solution to testing complex circuits and systems. However, PET suffers long testing time for test generation and high area overhead of test hardware. The pipelined pseudo-exhaustive testing (PPET) achieves fast testing time with high fault coverage by pipelining test vectors and test responses among partitioned circuit segments. To reduce hardware overhead in PPET, a novel approach for implementing area-efficient PPET is presented. Circuit partitioning with retiming is used to convert designs for PPET. Experimental results show that this approach exhibits an average of 20% area reduction over non-retimed testable circuits. Our algorithm offers high utilization of existing flip-flops and provides a framework for further performance optimization.
Numerical solution of liquid-phase multicomponent adsorption in fixed beds

A generalized mathematical model is developed to describe the process of multicomponent adsorption on activated carbon in fixed beds. Numerical, finite difference, solutions for the adsorption of binary, and ternary organic mixtures are shown to satisfactorily match previously published experimental data.
Constrained formulations and algorithms for stock-price predictions using recurrent FIR neural networks

In this paper, we develop new constrained artificial-neural-network (ANN) formulations and learning algorithms to predict future stock prices, a difficult time-series prediction problem. Specifically, we characterize stock prices as a non-stationary noisy time series, identify its predictable low-frequency components, develop strategies to predict missing low-frequency information in the lag period of a filtered time series, model the prediction problem by a recurrent FIR ANN, formulate the training problem of the ANN as a constrained optimization problem, develop new constraints to incorporate the objectives in cross validation, solve the learning problem using algorithms based on the theory of Lagrange multipliers for nonlinear discrete constrained optimization, and illustrate our prediction results on three stock time series. There are two main contributions of this paper. First, we present a new approach to predict missing low-pass data in the lag period when low-pass filtering is applied on a time series. Such predictions allow learning to be carried out more accurately. Second, we propose new constraints on cross validation that can improve significantly the accuracy of learning in a constrained formulation. Our experimental results demonstrate good prediction accuracy in a 10-day horizon.
Discussion: Engineering at school

I was disappointed and puzzled to read in the report of Sir Patrick Linstead's address to the Association for Science Education, a condemnation of the inclusion of ‘engineering subjects’ in the school curriculum. He doubted their value as means of interesting boys in technology. Nevertheless, he urges the need for industrial visits and talks, and for pupils to make ‘all possible contact with the great technological world around them’. ‘All possible contact’ would appear to exclude any personal and active participation in it.
The Instructor and Experiential Education in the Outdoors

Abstract Experiential education can be taught most effectively in the outdoors when linked to the psychological foundations of teaching and learning. These include communication, perception, arousal, and motivation. Differences are explained for both teaching and learning styles. Experiential education is distinguished from experiential learning, and salient educational strategies are integrated into the education cycle. These include focusing, feedback and support, self-responsibility, and reflecting. The importance of debriefing or processing is stressed, and an experiential method is included enabling symbolic communication through “active reviewing.” The environment is a critical factor in this form of education. A major goal is to stimulate curiosity and self-motivation. Structuring traditional and experiential methods, “grasshopper teaching,” and individual and cooperative learning draw the foundations of teaching and learning together.
Characteristics of salt appetite in chronically sodium-depleted rats using a progressive ratio schedule of procurement

Satiation of sodium appetite of rats was studied using a protocol of sodium loss induced by chronic diuretic treatment and daily salt consumption sessions. In the first experiment in which NaCl was freely available from a drinking spout, rats consumed substantially more hypertonic NaCl than their estimated physiological deficit. In the second and third experiments, a simulated foraging cost was imposed on obtaining NaCl. In these experiments, rats were required to perform a progressive ratio lever press task to procure aliquots of hypertonic NaCl, and under these conditions they showed a break point or satiation for NaCl when they had consumed an amount close to their estimated deficit. In the fourth experiment, we found that the chronic diuretic regimen produced hypovolemia along with large increases in plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity, and that all of these parameters were reversed toward non-depleted control values at the time of behavioral satiation in the progressive ratio protocol. Examination of natriuresis revealed that excessive intake of NaCl had no lasting benefit in this protocol: NaCl consumed in excess of need on 1 day was completely lost at the subsequent diuretic treatment. In the final two experiments, we showed that oral preloads of NaCl had no significant effect on progressive ratio procurement of NaCl, but that oral preloads reduced subsequent oral drinking. The data are discussed in terms of definitions of satiation of appetite in regard to the tightly regulated domain of body fluid homeostasis, and by extension, their relevance to systems such as energy homeostasis where set points appear to be less tightly regulated.
A calculation of Z0 → 2 gluinos

We report the results of a one-loop calculation of Z0 → gg, where g is a gluino, the proposed supersymmetric partner of a gluon. Depending on the masses of the scalar quarks and of the top quark, the branching ratio for the decay is in the 10−5 to 10−4 range for gluino mass below about 40 GeV. The signature for gluinos should allow detection in this range.
Rare case of dysphagia.

Wound botulism is exceedingly rare and occurs almost exclusively among injection drug users. In 2008 there was a case of wound botulism in a noninjecting drug user reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). We report a case of a Caucasian male developing dysphagia due to wound botulism after having a motorcycle accident that left him with open fractures. The CDC was contacted and the patient was transferred to medical intensive care unit to be emergently started on hepatavalent Clostridium botulinum antitoxin. Early suspicion of wound botulism is essential for effective therapy with antitoxin in this life-threatening disease. If not suspected, this patient would likely have died. Nevertheless, the delay in diagnosis and treatment resulted in the patient’s suffering dysphagia and neurological deficits. The patient required a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube and months of dysphagia therapy, supportive care, and rehabilitation. Our aim is to increase the awareness for wound botulism when a patient presents with dysphagia and diplopia after suffering open wounds. If suspected early, the morbidity and mortality from this disease can be prevented.
Undergraduate Class Project: Design and Build a Helical Coil Heat Exchanger Experiment

At Saint Martin’s University, the Mechanical Engineering Department incorporates design throughout the curriculum, starting from the freshman course ‘Introduction to Engineering’ up through the senior capstone design. Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering students are required to take three Mechanical Engineering elective courses. Each of these elective courses is 3 credits; one of these credits must be design. For ME 436 Thermal Design of Heat Exchangers course, the students were assigned a project to meet the Accrediting Board of Engineering and Technology student outcome criteria a, b, c, d, e, g, and i. In addition to course work the students designed, market searched for parts, budgeted, manufactured and built, then tested a finned helical coil heat exchanger experiment. A limited budget was assigned for this project. Currently, the apparatus is being used as an additional experiment in the Thermal Engineering Laboratory. This article includes the preliminary design, final design, experimental results, and assessment by students and faculty.© 2009 ASME
Converting governmental datasets into linked data

Linked Data provide many benefits to data consumers, but many publicly available datasets are still released in the Comma Separated Values (CSV) format, a ubiquitous common denominator. We introduce a methodology to transform such datasets into Linked Data. Our design is based on requirements identified while surveying existing governmental datasets released by data.gov. We present an implementation-independent RDF vocabulary to describe how a CSV dataset should be promoted into Linked Data, and use a Java-based converter to produce 5.3 billion RDF triples from 312 data.gov datasets.
A simple automated hot-wire positioning technique for near-wall measurements

A simple hot-wire sensor positioning technique is presented. The technique is easily integrated with a personal computer to achieve a completely automated system. A single initial calibration of the system outside of the test section is all that is necessary and no subsequent manual re-positioning is required during experimentation. This gives the capability of performing multiple measurements of near-wall velocity at different locations on a wall surface without the need of cumbersome and extensive alignment of the traverse system with respect to the wall surface. Preliminary tests indicate that the technique is viable for near-wall velocity measurements.
Control and actuator design for a precision magnetic suspension linear bearing

In optical systems, where the positions of such components as mirrors must be controlled in six degrees of freedom (DOFs), magnetic bearings can impart forces and torques to the suspended component without rigidly constraining its DOFs, and obviate the complex flexures typical of conventional designs. Attention is here given to a magnetically suspended linear bearing employing variable-reluctance actuators to control three rotational and two translational DOFs, as well as to a linear motor charged with control of the sixth DOF. Applicability to vibration isolation and optical line-of-sight stabilization are noted.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The effects of stress on left ventricular ejection fraction.

The left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was studied in 17 healthy volunteers with a new ambulatory left ventricular function monitor. Heart rate, EF, and blood pressure measurements were made during rest, a psychiatric stress interview, cold exposure, exercise, and eating. An increase in EF was seen during emotional stress (from 0.45±0.09 to 0.51±0.13, P<0.001). This increase was comparable to that observed during exercise (0.52±0.14) and eating (0.52±0.10, P<0.001). In contrast, cold exposure caused a decrease in EF (0.43±0.13, P<0.05). These observations demonstrate the powerful hemodynamic consequences of common behaviors as well as the utility and feasability of studying such behavioral factors in ambulatory subjects.
“Ask the Person that Lived It. That Would Be Me.” A Discursive Therapy Approach to Countering Social Inequalities In a Couple's Therapy Session

Using a discursive therapy approach that draws heavily from collaborative therapy, the author of this article demonstrates how the therapist (author) used the interdependent philosophical assumptions of not-knowing, being public, and honoring a client's story as a means to counteracting social inequalities experienced by a biracial, court-directed couple presenting for therapy. This therapeutic approach is demonstrated within the context of four different dialogical interplays that occurred during the couple's second therapy session. The implications of clinical work with marginalized couples and families and for the family therapy profession are discussed.
ScELA: scalable and extensible launching architecture for clusters

As cluster sizes head into tens of thousands, current joblaunchmechanisms do not scale as they are limited by resource constraintsas well as performance bottlenecks. The job launch process includes twophases - spawning of processes on processors and information exchange betweenprocesses for job initialization. Implementations of various programmingmodels follow distinct protocols for the information exchange phase.We present the design of a scalable, extensible and high-performance joblaunch architecture for very large scale parallel computing. We present implementationsof this architecture which achieve a speedup of more than700% in launching a simple Hello World MPI application on 10, 240 processorcores and also scale to more than 3 times the number of processorcores compared to prior solutions.
Long-term survival of more than 2,000 patients after coronary artery bypass grafting

Abstract Among 2,004 patients who underwent their first coronary artery bypass graft operation between January 1970 and December 1980 without concomitant valve replacement or aneurysmectomy, life-table survival was 89% at 5 years and 80% at 8 years after surgery. In a multivariate Cox model analysis, the independent correlates of long-term survival were emergent operation with cardiogenic shock (multivariate mortality rate ratio [RR] = 14.0), use of a postoperative intraaortic balloon pump (RR = 3.9), ejection fraction less than 50% (RR = 2.4), preoperative history of congestive heart failure (RR = 2.2), cardiopulmonary bypass time (RR = 1.4 for each 30-minute increment), uncorrected mitral regurgitation (RR = 1.5 for each increment of angiographic gradation), left main coronary artery narrowing (RR = 1.7) and diabetes (RR = 1.6). After controlling for these factors, age, sex and the percentage of narrowings that were bypassed were not independent correlates of longterm survival.
Response of soil invertebrates to disturbance across three resource regions in North Carolina

We evaluated the potential of soil microarthropods and enchytraeid worms to be useful as bioindicators of soil condition in forest, wetland, and agricultural ecosystems over a range of ecoregions. Selected mesofauna and soil characteristics in soil and litter in relatively undisturbed and disturbed examples of each of three ecosystems within each of three land resource regions were monitored over two years. Optimal times of year to sample these organisms as indicators of disturbance were April, May, July and September. No single measure reflected disturbance across all three ecosystems. Among forest sites, Simpson's diversity index, evenness, abundance of ants, and proportion of enchytraeids in the mesofauna differed between soils of different disturbance levels. Among agricultural sites, richness, evenness, abundance of mites, and proportions of collembolans and of enchytraeids in the mesofauna differed between disturbance levels. Among wetland sites, Shannon's and Simpson's diversity indices, richness based on the total mesofauna, and abundances of mites, diplurans, ants, and isotomid and onychiurid collembolans differed between disturbance levels. Covariates most frequently associated with abundance and diversity of the measured mesofauna were soil electrical conductivity, available N, organic matter, and pH. Canonical correspondence analysis provided information somewhat different to bivariate analysis. Using both approaches to examine soil and litter taxa that have distinctive responses to disturbance may help to identify candidate groups applicable for use in large-scale environmental monitoring programs.
INDUCTION AND COURSE OF PERMANENT DIABETES PRODUCED BY ANTERIOR PITUITARY EXTRACT

THE OBSERVATION of Young (1) that permanent diabetes could be produced in dogs by the injection of anterior pituitary extract has been followed by numerous investigations. The present literature on this subject is fully cited in a recent paper by Marks and Young (2). Our initial report (3) on the production of diabetes in dogs by this method was based on the early results in 3 animals, and since that time 7 more dogs have been prepared. On the basis of a more adequate experience with these 10 animals further studies are here presented. These include additional observations on the induction of the permanent diabetes, and evidence for the pancreatic nature of the established diabetes based on the response to insulin, the fasting metabolism and the examination of the tissues. Also, the course of the permanent diabetes.has been charted and the possible influence of insulin treatment on its progress has been noted.
Measurement of Mean Blood Flow in Arteries and Veins by Means of the Rotameter.

Summary and ConclusionsThe rotameter has been used to measure cardiac input and mean blood flow in the arteries and veins of the anesthetized dog. Typical records are shown. Tests indicate that in routine use the instrument will give reliable blood flow values with an error of less than 10%. Its use enables the experimenter to determine at a glance the moment to moment flow during the time that flow is actually being measured, an advantage not possessed by any other known method. The rotameter is so simple in operation that it should also serve a very useful purpose for the measurement of blood flows in student experiments in the classroom for which as yet no simple and reliable method has been available.
Sweet and Sustainable: Teaching the Biorefinery Concept through Biobased Gelator Synthesis.

Undergraduate curricula have increasingly incorporated sustainable and environmentally friendly approaches in the laboratory. Learning outcomes have emphasized the importance of the principles of green chemistry, but experiments may fail to impress upon the students that large-scale conversions of biomass into a spectrum of value-added products would have a huge impact on a sustainable future. With a lecture and two-session experimental biocatalytic synthesis of functional molecular gelators, students can explore real-world applications of chemistry and become aware of the biorefinery concept.
Consent to mental health treatment: A theoretical analysis of coercion, freedom, and control

Research has shown that substantial numbers of mental health patients may be coerced into 'voluntary' treatment. This article examines the concept of coercion to address the concerns of social scientists, treatment providers, and policy makers to know when coercion into treatment has occurred. This logically takes precedence over the second important question of whether or not coercion is desirable in some situations. A review of the scientific research on coercion and related topics of freedom, control, and choice leads to a theoretical framework in which coercion is defined in terms of opportunities to choose among courses of action. Implications of this analysis are drawn for mental health service delivery, mental health policy, and mental health research. Language: en
Rough-smooth basement boundary in the western North Atlantic basin: Evidence for a seafloor-spreading origin

A distinctive change in the character of acoustic basement has been mapped within the Mesozoic (Keathley) magnetic anomaly sequence in the western North Atlantic basin. This boundary, known as the rough-smooth basement boundary, separates relatively smooth acoustic basement on the older (western) side of the boundary from much rougher basement to the east. South of Bermuda, the boundary is well defined and nearly isochronous, corresponding to anomaly M-12 or M-13 (∼128 m.y. B.P.). North of Bermuda the boundary is diachronous and more transitional, with the change in basement relief occurring in a zone between anomaly M-21 and M-16–age crust (132 to 142 m.y. B.P.). Both the well-defined and transitional changes in basement relief found in the western basin are also identifiable in seismic-reflection records from the eastern (Canary) basin, and an analysis of magnetic-anomaly patterns in the central North Atlantic basin indicates that these changes occurred simultaneously on both sides of the ridge. These results strongly suggest a primary seafloor-spreading origin for the rough-smooth basement boundary, with the greater basement relief associated with slower spreading rates, changing directions of relative plate motion, and ridge jumps of isolated accretionary segments beginning in Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous time.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BASIC EDGE ANGLE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES

Four methods of edge angle measurements, including one developed by the authors, are applied to a sample of unretouched flakes in order to determine their relative accuracy, reliability, and economy. The authors discuss various statistical analyses which are available and essential in evaluating the significance of variability between and within the different measuring techniques, applying them to the results obtained from this study. Before the actual analysis of lithic materials begins, archaeologists are faced with two problems. The first is to choose from among the almost infinite number of possible variables those which are to be recorded for analysis, and the second is to choose the particular methods for their measurement. Of course, the choice of certain variables depends entirely on the research interests of the investigator. But recently there have been a number of studies focusing on the edge angles of stone artifacts (Wilmsen 1970; Gould et al. 1971; Tringham et al. 1974), and it seems that this variable may be important for understanding at least certain aspects of prehistoric behavior. Because several different techniques have been devised for taking this measurement, the second problem, that of choosing which method to use, becomes more important. In this paper we introduce yet another method for measuring edge angles. Going one step further, an attempt is made to objectively determine through statistical comparisons the relative accuracy, reliability, and economy of each method. At this time we are not interested in discussing the significance or interpretation of edge angle variability; our present aim is to evaluate some of the methods currently available so that future workers will be better able to choose the particular one they wish to use.
Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein 1A (Map1a) gene cause Purkinje cell degeneration.

The structural microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) are critical for the organization of neuronal microtubules (MTs). Microtubule-associated protein 1A (MAP1A) is one of the most abundantly expressed MAPs in the mammalian brain. However, its in vivo function remains largely unknown. Here we describe a spontaneous mouse mutation, nm2719, which causes tremors, ataxia, and loss of cerebellar Purkinje neurons in aged homozygous mice. The nm2719 mutation disrupts the Map1a gene. We show that targeted deletion of mouse Map1a gene leads to similar neurodegenerative defects. Before neuron death, Map1a mutant Purkinje cells exhibited abnormal focal swellings of dendritic shafts and disruptions in axon initial segment (AIS) morphology. Furthermore, the MT network was reduced in the somatodendritic and AIS compartments, and both the heavy and light chains of MAP1B, another brain-enriched MAP, was aberrantly distributed in the soma and dendrites of mutant Purkinje cells. MAP1A has been reported to bind to the membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) scaffolding proteins, as well as to MTs. Indeed, PSD-93, the MAGUK specifically enriched in Purkinje cells, was reduced in Map1a−/− Purkinje cells. These results demonstrate that MAP1A functions to maintain both the neuronal MT network and the level of PSD-93 in neurons of the mammalian brain.
New radiographic techniques to evaluate cerebrovascular disorders in children

The radiographic evaluation of the pediatric patient with cerebrovascular disease has dramatically improved during the past decade. Few new technologies have been introduced, but significant new developments in data acquisition and post-processing have resulted from refinements in both software and, to a lesser extent, hardware. This review focuses on the advantages and limitations of the different imaging modalities and their recommended role in managing the pediatric patient who presents with signs or symptoms of cerebrovascular disease.
Galloxanthin, a carotenoid from the chicken retina.

A new carotenoid has been isolated from the chicken retina for which the name galloxanthin is proposed. This substance has the properties of a hydroxy carotenoid or xanthophyll. It has not yet been crystallized. On a chromatogram of calcium carbonate it is adsorbed just below astaxanthin and above lutein. The absorption spectrum of galloxanthin lies in a region where natural carotenoids have not ordinarily been found. Its main, central absorption band falls at about 400 mµ. The position of its spectrum suggests a conjugated system of eight double bonds. This relatively short polyene structure must be reconciled with very strong adsorption affinities. With antimony trichloride, galloxanthin yields a deep blue product, possessing a main absorption band at 785 to 795 mµ, and a secondary maximum at about 710 mµ which may not be due to galloxanthin itself. Galloxanthin appears to be one of the carotenoid filter pigments associated with cone vision in the chicken. It may act as an auxiliary to the other filter pigments in differentiating colors; or its primary function may be to exclude violet and near ultraviolet radiations for which the eye has a large chromatic aberration.
The Most Commonly Reported Behavior Analytic Methods in Early Intensive Autism Treatments

Early intensive behavioral interventions have become a very popular treatment in the field of autism spectrum disorders. Given the rapidly expanding use of these methods and the amount of money and resources being devoted to these programs, analyses of these practices is warranted. This paper looks at treatment studies on the topic. The children treated were largely diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified or autism diagnoses. One-to-one training was typical as were structured curriculums. The implications of these practices are discussed along with assertions about future direction for research.
Computer analysis of rigid frames

Abstract A general method of elastic-inelastic analysis of rigid frames is formulated based on the finiteelement method and the concept of initial strain as applied to plastic strains. The analytical expressions obtained in this manner are used as a basis for the development of a general purpose computer program (GWU-FAP). This program enables the user to exercise several options corresponding to the static, free vibration, elastic dynamic and plastic dynamic analysis of two and three-dimensional framed structures. Several solutions to typical problems are presented to demonstrate the use of the computer program in such applications.
Effect of Physical Training on the Mechanical and Metabolic Response of the Rat Heart to Hypoxia

To study the effects of physical conditioning on cardiac function and metabolism during hypoxia, rats were conditioned by swimming. Their isolated hearts and hearts of sedentary rats were studied under isovolumic conditions and also while performing external work. During isovolumic performance only minimal improvement in hypoxic cardiac performance was observed because of conditioning. While performing external work during hypoxia cardiac output and cardiac work were approximately twice as great in hearts from conditioned rats as in those from sedentary rats. There were also slightly higher peak systolic pressures and mean left ventricular systolic pressures during hypoxia. Oxygen delivery and lactate production during hypoxia were the same in hearts from conditioned and sedentary rats as were myocardial NADH fluorescence, residual high-energy phosphate stores, and myocardial glycogen levels. External efficiency in experiments on working rat hearts was twice as great during hypoxia in hearts from conditioned rats as in those fromsedentary rats. The data suggest that hearts of conditioned rats have enhanced pumping capacity when subjected to hypoxia compared with hearts of sedentary rats. Oxygen delivery and energy formation during hypoxia are not improved in hearts of conditioned animals. The major reason for improved performance appears to be more efficient energy utilization for external cardiac work.
Value of corn and milo distillers feeds for milk production.

Summary An experiment involving 16 lactating dairy cows was conducted to compare the value for milk production of corn distillers dried grains with solubles, corn distillers dried solubles, milo distillers dried grains with solubles, and milo distillers dried solubles. Feeds containing the distillers dried grains resulted in the production of significantly more four per cent FCM, as well as of milk of a higher fat percentage. The milo distillers feeds were approximately equal to the corn distillers feeds.
Oral continuous clodronate in the prevention of early postmenopausal bone loss

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 12 months of continuous oral clodronate therapy on bone metabolism in healthy early postmenopausal women. A total of 137 evaluable healthy early postmenopausal women were given 400 mg/d oral clodronate continuously for 12 months. Thirty age-matched healthy early postmenopausal women were included as controls. Measures of lumbar L 2 –L 4 and ultradistal radius bone mineral density (LBD and URBD, respectively) and bone turnover biochemical analyses were performed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months of therapy. After 12 months, statistically significant increases in LBD (+1.78 ± 0.87%) and in URBD (+4.23 ± 0.91%) were shown in the clodronate group versus the control group (−4.6 ± 0.96% and −2.80 ± 0.51%, respectively; P P
Iron binding of 3-hydroxychromone, 5-hydroxychromone, and sulfonated morin: Implications for the antioxidant activity of flavonols with competing metal binding sites.

article The iron binding properties and antioxidant activities of compounds with hydroxy-keto binding sites, 3- hydroxychromone, 5-hydroxychromone, and sulfonated morin were investigated. For these compounds, prevention of iron-mediated DNA damage and kinetics of Fe II oxidation were studied in aqueous solutions close to physiological pH (pH 6). 3-Hydroxychromone and sulfonated morin inhibit iron-mediated DNA damage at lower concentrations than 5-hydroxychromone. All three compounds bind iron, but 3- hydroxychromone and sulfonated morin promote Fe II oxidation much faster than 5-hydroxychromone. These results indicate that DNA damage inhibition by flavonols with competing hydroxy-keto binding sites is primarily due to iron binding at the 3-hydroxy-keto site. Iron oxidation rate also plays a significant role in antioxidant activity. In addition to iron binding and oxidation, reactive oxygen species scavenging occurs at high concentrations for the hydroxychromones. This study emphasizes the importance of iron binding in polyphenol antioxidant behavior and provides insights into the iron binding antioxidant activity of similar flavonols such as quercetin and myricetin.
Population-Based Study of Medical Comorbidity in Early Dementia and “Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia (CIND)”: Association With Functional and Cognitive Impairment: The Cache County Study

Objective Authors investigated medical comorbidity in persons with dementia and "Cognitive Impairment, No Dementia" (CIND). Methods The Cache County Study is an ongoing population-based study of the epidemiology of dementia, the risk factors for conversion from CIND to dementia, and the progression of dementia. As part of the study's first incidence wave, persons with dementia (N = 149), CIND (N = 225), or without cognitive impairment (N = 321) were identified and studied. Participants received comprehensive clinical evaluations and were rated on the General Medical Health Rating (GMHR), a global measure of seriousness of medical comorbidity. Participants and informants also completed the Mini-Mental State Exam and provided self-report information about comorbid medical conditions and functioning in activities of daily living. Results There were few differences in number or type of comorbid medical conditions between persons with CIND and dementia, but persons with dementia were prescribed more medications. Stroke was more common in dementia participants, but other illnesses common in old age were not significantly different across cognitive groups. Medical comorbidity was more serious in both dementia and CIND, such that both groups were less likely to have "little to no" comorbidity. Seriousness of medical comorbidity was significantly associated with worse day-to-day functioning and cognition. Conclusions Persons with CIND and dementia have more serious medical comorbidity than comparable persons without cognitive impairment. This comorbidity may play a role in the progression of CIND and dementia. Future studies should investigate the role of medical comorbidity and its treatment on dementia onset or progression, as well as the mechanisms mediating its neuropathologic effects.
Effects of pore and differential pressure on compressional wave velocity and quality factor in Berea and Michigan sandstones

Compressional‐wave velocity (VP) and quality factor (QP) have been measured in Berea and Michigan sandstones as a function of confining pressure (Pc) to 55 MPa and pore pressure (Pp) to 35 MPa. VP values are lower in the poorly cemented, finer grained, and microcracked Berea sandstone. QP values are affected to a lesser extent by the microstructural differences. A directional dependence of QP is observed in both sandstones and can be related to pore alignment with pressure. VP anisotropy is observed only in Berea sandstone. VP and QP increase with both increasing differential pressure (Pd=Pc-Pp) and increasing Pp. The effect of Pp on QP is greater at higher Pd. The results suggest that the effective stress coefficient, a measure of pore space deformation, for both VP and QP is less than 1 and decreases with increasing Pd.
Secrets Revealed: How Magicians Protect Intellectual Property without Law

Intellectual property scholars have begun to explore the curious dynamics of IP's negative spaces, areas in which IP law offers scant protection for innovators, but where innovation nevertheless seems to thrive. Such negative spaces pose a puzzle for the traditional theory of IP, which holds that IP law is necessary to create incentives for innovation. This paper presents a study of one such negative space which has so far garnered some curiosity but little sustained attention - the world of performing magicians. This paper argues that idiosyncratic dynamics among magicians make traditional copyright, patent, and trade secret law ill-suited to protecting magicians' most valuable intellectual property. Yet, the paper further argues that the magic community has developed its own set of unique IP norms which effectively operate in law's absence. The paper details the structure of these informal norms that protect the creation, dissemination, and performance of magic tricks. The paper also discusses broader implications for IP theory, suggesting that a norm-based approach may offer a promising explanation for the puzzling persistence of some of IP's negative spaces.
The optionality of movement and EPP in Dholuo

This paper argues that the relatively free position of subjects in Dholuo (Nilo-Saharan; Kenya, Tanzania) provides remarkably clear evidence that the specifier positions of preverbal functional projections in the language need not be filled. In this sense, the language provides direct evidence for a strong parameterization of the classic EPP (or equivalent conditions), one that allows the existence of languages where no DP need occupy the specifier position of any verbal functional projection at any level of representation. Furthermore, it is shown that the optionality seen in subject raising extends to other movement types of the language, including wh-movement. This suggests a picture where the presence of an ‘EPP-feature’ Chomsky (2000) on a given functional head is systematically optional in the language. Finally, it is argued that the existence of a limited set of environments where subject raising is obligatory provides support for the theory of Agreement locality put forth by Bobaljik and Wurmbrand (2005).
Delayed lysis in Salmonella phage P22: the appearance of free fatty acids coincident with induced cell lysis.

Abstract Temporally associated with cell lysis, extractable free fatty acids are detected in phage P22 infections of Salmonella typhimurium . In infections with a P22 mutant showing delayed lysis ( Lys − c 2 ) free fatty acids are observed only after induction of lysis with cysteine, histidine, cyanide, or EDTA. Fatty acid appearance is detected at the same time as or later than the onset of lysis as indicated by the decrease in optical density of infected cell suspensions. Since free fatty acids accumulate during incubation of sonicated but uninfected S. typhimurium cells (and also sonicated E. coli cells), it is concluded that their release in both infected and uninfected cells is the result of activation of a bacterial lipase as a consequence of cellular disorganization rather than as a cause of it.
GEM: Graph EMbedding for routing and data-centric storage in sensor networks without geographic information

The widespread deployment of sensor networks is on the horizon. One of the main challenges in sensor networks is to process and aggregate data in the network rather than wasting energy by sending large amounts of raw data to reply to a query. Some efficient data dissemination methods, particularly data-centric storage and information aggregation, rely on efficient routing from one node to another. In this paper we introduce GEM (Graph EMbedding for sensor networks), an infrastructure for node-to-node routing and data-centric storage and information processing in sensor networks. Unlike previous approaches, it does not depend on geographic information, and it works well even in the face of physical obstacles. In GEM, we construct a labeled graph that can be embedded in the original network topology in an efficient and distributed fashion. In that graph, each node is given a label that encodes its position in the original network topology. This allows messages to be efficiently routed through the network, while each node only needs to know the labels of its neighbors.To demonstrate how GEM can be applied, we have developed a concrete graph embedding method, VPCS (Virtual Polar Coordinate Space). In VPCS, we embed a ringed tree into the network topology, and label the nodes in such a manner as to create a virtual polar coordinate space. We have also developed VPCR, an efficient routing algorithm that uses VPCS. VPCR is the first algorithm for node-to-node routing that guarantees reachability, requires each node to keep state only about its immediate neighbors, and requires no geographic information. Our simulation results show that VPCR is robust on dynamic networks, works well in the face of voids and obstacles, and scales well with network size and density.
Association of Interatrial Shunts and Migraine Headaches: Impact of Transcatheter Closure

Objectives To examine the relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD) with the incidence of migraine headache (MHA) and assess whether closure of the interatrial shunt in patients with MHA would result in improvement of MHA. Background Migraine headache is present in 12% of adults and has been associated with interatrial communications. This study examined the relationship between PFO or ASD with the incidence of MHA and assessed whether closure of the interatrial shunt in patients with MHA would result in improvement of MHA. Methods A sample of 89 (66 PFO/23 ASD) adult patients underwent transcatheter closure of an interatrial communication using the CardioSEAL (n = 22), Amplatzer PFO (n = 43), or the Amplatzer ASD (n = 24) device. Results Before the procedure, MHA was present in 42% of patients (45% of patients with PFO and 30% of patients with ASD). At three months after the procedure, MHA disappeared completely in 75% of patients with MHA and aura and in 31% of patients with MHA without aura. Of the remaining patients, 40% had significant improvement (≥2 grades by the Migraine Disability Assessment Questionnaire) of MHA. Conclusions Transcatheter closure of PFO or ASD results in complete resolution of MHA in 60% of patients (75% of patients with migraine and aura) and improvement in symptoms in 40% of the remaining patients. Interatrial communications may play a role in the etiology of MHA either through paradoxic embolism or humoral factors that escape degradation in bypassing the pulmonary circulation. A randomized trial is needed to determine whether transcatheter closure of interatrial shunts is an effective treatment for MHA.
The site of reaction in direct photographic development. II. Kinetics of development initiated by gold nuclei

Abstract A visible gold image, consisting of roughly spherical particles varying in size up to 80 mμ in radius for the longest times of treatment, was obtained by bathing exposed photographic film in an aurous gold solution. The particles are formed by a “physical development” of the latent-image specks. Electron micrographs show that they are situated at the surface of the silver halide grains. The gold treatment increases the emulsion speed and the rate of direct development and decreases, but does not eliminate, the induction period in sulfite-free hydroquinone or p -hydroxyphenylglycine developers. The gold treatment does not change the relative dependence of the rate of development upon the hydroquinone concentration. The relatively small decrease which the gold treatment effects in the induction period is not in accord with Bagdasar'yan's mechanism of development or with electrode mechanisms which seek to explain the induction period on the basis of size and capacity of the development centers.
LIGHT INDUCED SYNCHRONIZATION OF ALGAL SPECIES THAT DIVIDE PREFERENTIALLY IN DARKNESS

— Three algal species (Protosiphon botryoides, Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Chlamy-domonas gymnogama) which divide preferentially at night during natural or simulated day-night conditions are shown to have cell division inhibited by light in the blue region of the visible spectrum (400–500 nm) and stimulated by the remainder of this spectrum (500–730 nm). Synchronous division has been established in cultures of these organisms on a circadian or longer period by alternating fluorescent cool-white light and cool-white with the blue component removed. This procedure is suggested as potentially superior to other methods for synchronizing cultures of algae that prefer, in nature, to undergo cell division at night. Where this procedure does not work it is recommended that an action spectrum for cell division be obtained, since this may provide information for achieving optimal synchrony through the use of other specific wavelength regimes.
Effect of Bolus Milrinone on Hemodynamic Variables and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in Patients With Severe Left Ventricular Dysfunction: A Rapid Test for Reversibility of Pulmonary Hypertension

Objectives: To examine the feasibility of using milrinone to test pulmonary vascular reactivity in patients before heart transplantation, we tested the hypothesis that milrinone would lower pulmona...
Citizen–Auditors and Visible Subjects: Mi Familia Progresa and Transparency Politics in Guatemala

This article analyzes the politics of transparency in Guatemala through the lens of Mi Familia Progresa, a state social program in the Guatemalan highlands that is based on the conditional cash transfer model of poverty alleviation, implemented between 2008 and 2012 under the administration of President Alvaro Colom. I argue that concepts of transparency and audit that permeate national-level political discourse in Guatemala work to create dual classes of citizens: taxpayers who have the right and responsibility to audit social programs, and recipients of state benefits who are viewed as legitimate objects of public scrutiny. Through combined analysis of political discourse and ethnographic research on Mi Familia Progresa, this article provides a view into how the terms of these emerging forms of citizenship are negotiated and with what results for those Guatemalans who rely on Mi Familia Progresa to meet their day-to-day needs. This article concludes that efforts to make state social programs transparent, while often portrayed as empowering and democratic, actually work to reinforce long-standing forms of exclusionary citizenship. At the same time, a dominant focus on transparency works to obscure critical questions related to the efficacy of state social programs in addressing issues of poverty and inequality.
Verifying the performance of the PCI local bus using symbolic techniques

Symbolic model checking is a successful technique for checking properties of large finite-state systems. This method has been used to verify a number of real-world hardware designs; however it is not able to determine timing or performance properties directly. Since these properties are extremely important in the design of high-performance systems and in time-critical applications, we have extended model checking techniques to produce timing information. Our results allow a more detailed analysis of a model than is possible with tools that simply determine whether a property is satisfied or not. We present algorithms that determine the exact bounds on the time interval between two specified events and the number of occurrences of another event in such an interval. To demonstrate how our method works, we have modelled the PCI local bus and analyzed its temporal behavior. The results demonstrate the usefulness of our technique in analyzing complex modem designs.