cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurate modelling and inversion of electrical resistivity data in the presence of metallic infrastructure with known location and dimension

Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) has been widely used in environmental applications to study processes associated with subsurface contaminants and contaminant remediation. Anthropogenic alterations in subsurface electrical conductivity associated with contamination often originate from highly industrialized areas with significant amounts of buried metallic infrastructure. The deleterious influence of such infrastructure on imaging results generally limits the utility of ERT where it might otherwise prove useful for subsurface investigation and monitoring. In this manuscript we present a method of accurately modeling the effects of buried conductive infrastructure within the forward modeling algorithm, thereby removing them from the inversion results. The method is implemented in parallel using immersed interface boundary conditions, whereby the global solution is reconstructed from a series of well-conditioned partial solutions. Forward modeling accuracy is demonstrated by comparison with analytic solutions. Synthetic imaging examples are used to investigate imaging capabilities within a subsurface containing electrically conductive buried tanks, transfer piping, and well casing, using both well casings and vertical electrode arrays as current sources and potential measurement electrodes. Results show that, although accurate infrastructure modeling removes the dominating influence of buried metallic features, the presence of metallic infrastructure degrades imaging resolution compared to standard ERT imaging. However, accurate imaging resultsmore » may be obtained if electrodes are appropriately located.« less
Characteristics of Overall and Cause-Specific Survival Rates in Breast Cancer Patients under the Age of 40: A Population Based Study of 481,294 Cases in SEER Registry.

Background: Age at diagnosis has been shown to be an important prognostic factor of outcome for breast cancer (BCA). The specific aim of this study was to determine the overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS) in young patients ( 69 (138,580, 28.8%) years old. A graph of OS and tables for OS and CSS from Kaplan-Meier analysis of the entire cohort (all stages) is shown below:Both OS and CSS of each stage group shared the same trends as in the analysis of the entire cohort.Conclusion: The OS of the 69 year age groups, but worse than the 409s and 509s age groups. The CSS of the youngest age group was significantly worse than all age groups except the >69 age group. Further studies to determine contributing variables for these observatios is warranted. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 2048.
Abstract 2974: Combating breast cancer brain metastasis by targeting Src family kinases

Background: Among 1.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer every year, 10-16% will develop brain metastases. The median survival of patients with brain metastases is less than one year. A most challenging problem is no effective treatment for patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer to the brain. Therefore, novel and effective therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for this population. Recently, our retrospective analyses revealed a significant up-regulation of Src family kinase (SFK) in breast cancer brain metastasis lesions compared with primary tumors. Additionally, HER2-overexpressing breast cancers with Src activation have a higher incidence of brain metastasis. Thus, we hypothesize that activation of SFK plays a critical role in promoting breast cancer brain metastasis. Aims and Methodology: The major aims of this project are: 1) study the role of Src activation in breast cancer brain metastasis; 2) investigate the pre-clinical efficacy of combination Src inhibitor and HER2-targeting therapy Lapatinib in treatment of brain metastasis. We used HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell line models, in vitro assays of metastasis-properties, and in vivo brain metastasis mouse model (intracarotid artery injection) to test our hypothesis. Results and Conclusions: Src activity is up-regulated in both brain-seek cells lines and human brain metastasis tumors when compared to either parental cells lines or primary breast cancers respectively. To test the role of Src activation in brain metastasis, we established stable cells lines with constitutive-activation of Src. The Src activation enhanced the tumor cell trans-blood brain barrier migration in vitro. Src activation in cells led to a higher brain metastasis incidence in vivo after intracarotid artery injection. We treated Src-activated brain metastasis in vivo with a Src inhibitor saracatinib, a drug under Phase II clinical trial. This Src-targeting treatment decreased the overall incidence of brain metastasis. Combining sarcatinib with EGFR-HER2 dual-targeting agent lapatinib further prolonged the overall survival of tumor bearing mice and significantly inhibited both micro- and macro-metastasis. In summary, novel SFK targeting regimens may be developed as promising therapies for breast cancer patients with brain metastasis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2974. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2974
Ensuring a smooth transition from semi-structured surface boundary layer mesh to fully unstructured anisotropic surface mesh

Anisotropic surface mesh is considered in this work. First, a semi-structured boundary layer surface mesh is generated to maintain strong normality in the mesh. Then a fully unstructured anisotropic mesh completes the final mesh. In order to get a smooth and coherent anisotropic size distribution, anisotropic sources are used. Boundary layer parameters are therefore perceived from the mesher through this global anisotropic sizing field. Some anisotropic sources are presented, as well as the algorithm to generate a meaningful anisotropic sizing field corresponding to a distance based sizing field. Some numerical examples illustrate the method.
The Family Ties That Bind: Tangible, Instrumental, and Emotional Support Among Homeless Veterans

The availability of adequate social support has been associated with a number of positive psychiatric and health outcomes among persons experiencing significant life challenges. While much research has demonstrated risk factors for homelessness among veterans, less attention has been paid to existing networks of natural support, particularly familial support, which may provide a safety net for veterans who might otherwise be homeless and may help those who are currently homeless exit from that condition. This chapter presents findings from a study of the social network characteristics of veterans entering the HUD-VA Supported Housing (HUD-VASH) program in the 1990s. Multiple dimensions of social network structure and function were assessed among a sample of 1,438 veterans enrolled in one of the original 19 HUD-VASH sites nationwide. Network characteristics were examined as a function of the absolute availability of family and/or peers as sources of specific types of tangible, instrumental, and emotional (TIE) support. We then examined between-group differences and similarities on key demographic, clinical, community adjustment, and social variables based on the categorization of source of support. Finally, we compared social support indicators among HUD-VASH veterans to a sample of individuals with severe mental illness receiving mental health services in Connecticut. Similar to reports from studies of a more general sample of homeless individuals, our research found that the vast majority of homeless veterans in our sample identified at least one close person in their lives and that the number of social ties was inversely related to the length of time homeless. Veterans in our sample, however, reported rates of instrumental and emotional support that were 30–50 % higher than those reported among a more general sample of homeless individuals. Results further suggest that the availability of support from family members may be associated with more positive outcomes for these individuals. These findings may suggest critical areas for program development and future research.
Mechanisms of fibrin formation and lysis by human lung fibroblasts: influence of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha

Fibrin gels form within the alveolar and interstitial compartments of the injured lung, and fibroblasts invade and facilitate organization of these transitional gels. We studied the effects of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on fibrinolytic and procoagulant activities of human lung fibroblasts (HLF) to determine their capacity to regulate pulmonary fibrin deposition. Fibrinolytic activity of cell lysates and media (n = 6 HLF cultures) were uniformly depressed by TGF-beta or TNF-alpha. In dose and time-course studies, HLF plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) was increased by TGF-beta, whereas TNF-alpha induced release of PAI-1 into the media. HLF and media urokinase concentrations were depressed by TGF-beta, whereas urokinase was unchanged or increased by TNF-alpha. Tissue plasminogen activator was mainly cell associated and unchanged by TGF-beta or TNF-alpha. HLF antiplasmin activity was not detected. Plasma recalcification times of HLF media were decreased by TNF-alpha but unchanged by TGF-beta. These studies suggest that TGF-beta and TNF-alpha impair the ability of HLF to degrade fibrin by disturbing the balance of HLF plasminogen activators and PAI and that these cytokines concurrently leave unchanged or increase the capacity of HLF to initiate fibrin formation. Cytokines likely to occur in the injured lung induce abnormalities of fibrinolysis in HLF from adults; such abnormalities favor extravascular fibrin deposition, a characteristic feature of alveolitis.
Dynamic Simulation over Long Time Periods with 100% Solar Generation.

This project aimed to identify the path forward for dynamic simulation tools to accommodate these needs by characterizing the properties of power systems (with high PV penetration), analyzing how these properties affect dynamic simulation software, and offering solutions for potential problems.
Relations with Domestic and International Financial Markets

In recent years the financial markets of the world have become more closely linked together. Three major forces have operated to bind these markets together including the global corporation, the universality of the dollar, and the ability and ingenuity of the international banks and investment banking concerns.1The intertwining of world financial markets is reflected clearly by the manner in which markets abroad felt the effects from the severe credit restraint in the United States in 1968–9, and from the international currency crises of 1971 and 1973. The purpose of this chapter is to provide an analysis of the interplay between the domestic and international financial markets and the global operations of internationally oriented banks. Moreover, this chapter examines the role played by New York as an international financial centre; its relation to international banking activities; and the offshore investment banking operations of U.S. banks.
Effects of pulsed anode heating on self-magnetic-pinch radiographic performance using NRL's Mercury IVA

Previous proof-of-principle experiments at NRL used the Mercury IVA facility to test a self-magnetic-pinch (SMP) diode in conjunction with a pulsed resistive heating treatment that cleaned the SMP's anode surface. This heating treatment was tested as a method for mitigating the negative effects of low-Z ions, such as post-shot activation and potentially reduced diode impedance. These low-Z ions can form in the diode region from contaminants on the diode hardware that require in situ cleaning to remove.
Visionary Critique: Gender, Self and Relationship in Rosetta and Two Days, One Night

The films of Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne stand out for their complex, multi-dimensional female and male characters whose representation disrupts gender stereotypes in numerous ways, both in how the characters themselves are depicted and how they are shown to relate to other individuals and their social context. In this contribution, I will explore the themes of self, relationship, solidarity, family and work – all of them recurring issues in the films by the Dardennes – using gender as my primary category of analysis, and focusing in particular on the treatment of these themes in Rosetta (Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, FR/BE 1999) and Deux jours, une nuit (Two Days, One Night, Jean-Pierre and Luc Dardenne, BE/FR/IT 2014). I will argue that whereas Rosetta offers a critique of the damaging effects of the masculinized capitalist system on individuals and their relationships, Two Days, One Night can be understood as a vision of alternative possibilities of solidarity and women’s empowerment and agency even within the persistent context of masculinized capitalism.
Negating the Gender Citation Advantage in Political Science

Open-access (OA) advocates have long promoted OA as an egalitarian alternative to traditional subscription-based academic publishing. The argument is simple: OA gives everyone access to high-quality research at no cost. In turn, this should benefit individual researchers by increasing the number of people reading and citing academic articles. As the OA movement gains traction in the academy, scholars are investing considerable research energy to determine whether there is an OA citation advantage—that is, does OA increase an article’s citation counts? Research indicates that it does. Scholars also explored patterns of gender bias in academic publishing and found that women are cited at lower rates in many disciplines. Indeed, in many disciplines, men enjoy a significant and positive gender citation effect (GCE) compared to their female colleagues. This article combines these research areas to determine whether the OA citation advantage varies by gender. Using Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney (WMW) tests, the nonparametric analog to the independent samples T-test, I conclude that OA benefits male and female political scientists at similar rates. Thus, OA negates the gender citation advantage that typically accrues to male political scientists.
ECQCL developments for rapid standoff chemical sensing

We present recent results on development of swept external cavity quantum cascade lasers (ECQCLs) for rapid and precise measurements of trace gases. Rapid tuning of a swept-ECQCL over its entire tuning range at rates up to 100 Hz and a spectral resolution of <0.2 cm-1 provides an important capability for detection of gas mixtures in transient sources such as chemical plumes. We present examples of using the swept-ECQCL for quantitative measurements of multicomponent gas-phase mixtures in turbulent plumes for standoff detection applications.
Humic Substance-based Binder In Iron Ore Pelletization: A Review

ABSTRACTDue to the reducing ability and bonding effect, a humic substance-based binder has been added into iron ore pellets, both as a reductant and a binder. However, humic substance-based binders were not commonly used in pelletization since some pelletizing results indicated they were not as good asbentonite or other binders. Thus, there were few detailed investigations using humic substance-based binders in pelletization before the 1980s. Funa, which is a type of humic substance-based binder extracted from lignite, was successfully invented and applied in cold-bonded pellets in China. Since the organic fraction in the humic substance-based binder is burnt away during heating, leaving no contaminant in pellets and improving the iron content of the pellets, humic substance-based binders were also gradually utilized in oxidized pellets. On the basis of Funa binder research, the extracting procedure of a humic substance-based binder was modified, and a composite binder named Modified Humic Acid (MHA)was p...
Learning Theories For Engineering and Technology Education

Optimizing technical systems depends on scientifically grounded models of system performance. Similarly, the development of engineering and technology education systems fruitfully builds upon relevant learning theories. Engineering and technology involve complex skills and concepts embedded in rich contexts. We review learning theories particularly appropriate for supporting learning of such complex concepts in rich contexts, drawing heavily on information processing, distributed cognition and cognitive apprenticeship.
A new approach to detecting gravitational waves via the coupling of gravity to the zero-point energy of the phonon modes of a superconductor

The response of a superconductor to a gravitational wave is shown to obey a London-like constituent equation. The Cooper pairs are described by the Ginzburg–Landau free energy density embedded in curved spacetime. The lattice ions are modeled by quantum harmonic oscillators characterized by quasi-energy eigenvalues. This formulation is shown to predict a dynamical Casimir effect since the zero-point energy of the ionic lattice phonons is modulated by the gravitational wave. It is also shown that the response to a gravitational wave is far less for the Cooper pair density than for the ionic lattice. This predicts a “charge separation effect” which can be used to detect the passage of a gravitational wave.
Elements of Topology

The purpose of this short chapter is to provide enough point set topology for the development of the subsequent material in real analysis. An in-depth treatment is not intended. In this section, we begin with basic concepts and properties of topological spaces.
Educators' Perceptions of School Readiness within the Context of a Kindergarten Entry Assessment in Alaska.

This empirical study examined educators’ perceptions of kindergarten readiness, within the context of a larger study on the perceptions and use of the Alaska Developmental Profile, a mandated kinde...
Range estimation in radar using maximum likelihood estimator

RADAR technology is getting significance place in estimation and detection of short and long range targets. One of the important estimation parameter is radar delay time. In this paper, Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) for range estimation using static radar is derived. Range of radar is estimated by estimating the round trip delay time. Delay is observed from the active transmitted pulse of radar. In addition, the Cramer Rao Lower Bound (CRLB) for range is also calculated. Simulation of MLE is performed. Monte Carlo simulations are also done to show that MLE achieves the CRLB at high signal to noise ratio.
Polyphenol‐rich Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Ameliorate Functional Constipation Symptoms in Humans beyond Equivalent Amount of Fiber

Scope Chronic constipation is a common gastrointestinal condition associated with intestinal inflammation and considerably impaired quality of life, affecting about 20% of Americans. Dietary fiber and laxatives aid in its treatment but do not fully address all symptoms, such as intestinal inflammation. Mango (Mangifera indica L.), a fiber- and polyphenol-rich fruit may provide anti-inflammatory effects in constipation. Methods and results The 4 week consumption of mango fruit (300 g) or the equivalent amount of fiber is investigated in otherwise healthy human volunteers with chronic constipation who are randomly assigned to either group. Blood and fecal samples and digestive wellness questionnaires are collected at the beginning and end of the study. Results show that mango consumption significantly improve constipation status (stool frequency, consistency, and shape) and increase gastrin levels and fecal concentrations of short chain fatty acid (valeric acid) while lowering endotoxin and interleukin 6 concentrations in plasma. Conclusion In this pilot study, the consumption of mango improves symptoms and associated biomarkers of constipation beyond an equivalent amount of fiber. Larger follow-up studies would need to investigate biomarkers for intestinal inflammation in more detail.
Treating the Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia

Mood and behavior changes are part of the clinical presentation and/or course of the dementias. The treatment of these symptoms is complex, with significant side effects and/or paucity of data limiting evidence-based guidance for the treating physician. Non-pharmacological interventions are first-line treatment for the behavior and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). However, severe mood and behavioral changes often warrant pharmacological intervention requiring detailed risk/benefit analysis regarding medication choice. This chapter focuses on the clinical treatment of BPSD pertinent for the treating neurologist, providing a synopsis of the evidence supporting medication use and practical guidance on treatment selection, monitoring, and discontinuation.
Accumulation of Succinate in Cardiac Ischemia Primarily Occurs via Canonical Krebs Cycle Activity.

Summary Succinate accumulates during ischemia, and its oxidation at reperfusion drives injury. The mechanism of ischemic succinate accumulation is controversial and is proposed to involve reversal of mitochondrial complex II. Herein, using stable-isotope-resolved metabolomics, we demonstrate that complex II reversal is possible in hypoxic mitochondria but is not the primary succinate source in hypoxic cardiomyocytes or ischemic hearts. Rather, in these intact systems succinate primarily originates from canonical Krebs cycle activity, partly supported by aminotransferase anaplerosis and glycolysis from glycogen. Augmentation of canonical Krebs cycle activity with dimethyl-α-ketoglutarate both increases ischemic succinate accumulation and drives substrate-level phosphorylation by succinyl-CoA synthetase, improving ischemic energetics. Although two-thirds of ischemic succinate accumulation is extracellular, the remaining one-third is metabolized during early reperfusion, wherein acute complex II inhibition is protective. These results highlight a bifunctional role for succinate: its complex-II-independent accumulation being beneficial in ischemia and its complex-II-dependent oxidation being detrimental at reperfusion.
Thin Continuous Films

One of the simplest types of physical confinement is a thin continuous film (or blanket film) attached to a thick substrate material. Frequently this is a beginning form for creating micro- and nano-scale systems such as the semiconductor devices. Here the focus is on the constraint imposed by the substrate on the thin film. A numerical example is given below as an introductory illustration.
A discourse planning approach to cinematic camera control for narratives in virtual environments

As the complexity of narrative-based virtual environments grows, the need for effective communication of information to the users of these systems increase. Effective camera control for narrative-oriented virtual worlds involves decision making at three different levels: choosing cinematic geometric composition, choosing the best camera parameters for conveying affective information, and choosing camera shots and transitions to maintain thetorical coherence. We propose a camera planning system that mirrors the film production pipeline; we describe our formalization of film idioms used to communicate affective information. Our representation of idioms captures their hierarchical nature, represents the causal motivation for selection of shots, and provides a way for the system designer to specify the ranking of candidate shot sequences.
Ionic Contribution to Silicon-Metal Bonding: Si(111)-Ca Interface Reactions

We summarize synchrotron radiation studies of the room temperature evolution of the Si(111)2x1-Ca interface.
Constructing ``quality'': The political economy of standards in Mexico's avocado industry

As the world's leader inavocado production, Mexico produces anestimated 900,000 tons/year, of which the stateof Michoacan produces 83% of nationalproduction and 40% of world avocado productionwithin five regional districts. In 1914 theUnited States imposed a phytosanitary banagainst Mexican avocado exports to the USmarket, a non-tariff barrier that stood despiteNAFTA. This paper examines increasedstandardization of product quality in avocadoas a political process in Michoacan duringthe 1980s and 1990s, during which differentregional groups and firms struggled to imposetheir standards and defend their economicinterests in the market. In the 1990s, alliedwith the Mexican government, elite avocadogrowers mounted a phytosanitary campaign thatconvinced the USDA and US government to liftthe ban and allow Mexican avocado imports intothe US market in 1997. Since 1997 the Mexicangovernment has expanded Michoacan'sphytosanitary campaign, imposing internationalstandards on all avocado growers, even thoseproducing for the national market. By expandingthe campaign and institutionalizing newstandards of quality, industry experts nowconsciously link phytosanitary quality tocommercial quality. They propose atransformation of previously acceptedproduction and post-harvest practices.Theoretically, increased standards of quality,accompanied by systematic methods of evaluationand verification, should benefit all producers.However those growers producing for thenational market adhere to new rules designed toimprove product quality yet receive noimmediate, tangible economic benefits. Thiscase study demonstrates that theinstitutionalization of product standards iscarried out within an existing politicalsystem. Understanding whose standards countrequires careful analysis of how powerfulactors in specific agricultural industriesreshape and define standards of quality interms that benefit themselves.
Barrett's Esophagus: A Molecular Overview.

Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is an asymptomatic condition of the distal esophagus that can progress to aggressive adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. Although BE is not malignant, the amount of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage is comparable to some malignancies such as melanoma and breast carcinoma. The purpose of this literature review is to evaluate the anomalies that underlie the transformation of the normal stratified squamous epithelium of the esophagus into metaplastic columnar epithelium with a potential of progressing into esophageal adenocarcinoma based on an appraisal and scrutiny of the literature published since 2000. A systematic search of freely available journal articles pertinent to the pathoetiology (molecular and clinical risk factors) of BE was performed within PubMed and Google Scholar. All articles published in English reporting on the risks and molecular transformation of normal esophageal mucosa into metaplastic mucosa were considered; the research did not look further to the pathoetiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Each journal article was assessed based on the content, relevance, and applicability to this literature review. An assessment of 118 full-length articles produced 18 articles for the qualitative analysis. We noted risk factors, such as gastroesophageal reflux of acid and bile, cause aberrations at a molecular level to alter cell cycle control to culminate in morphological changes in esophageal mucosa, producing metaplastic cells with a potential of malignant transformation. There is a need for translational research to bridge the gap between genetics and molecular knowledge to achieve clinical preventive, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches to addressing BE.
Worker Filtering with Limited Supervision in Crowdsourcing Systems

In order to obtain high quality labels, it is important to recognize and tackle noisy workers in crowdsourcing applications. In particular, spam workers, who randomly assign labels to items, can greatly degrade the crowdsourced label quality. As such, we propose a semi-supervised worker filtering (SWF) approach to filter this type of workers among the crowd. The SWF model recognizes spam workers by utilizing a limited set of gold truths. An optimization based truth discovery framework, which minimizes the total errors reside workers' labels, is integrated with the semi-supervised worker filtering approach (SWF-TD) to infer the true labels for unlabeled items. The efficacy of the proposed methodology is demonstrated on both synthetic and real-world datasets. The experimental analysis on real world datasets showed that by using around 40% gold truths as priori knowledge, it is possible that SWF-TD approach provides similar performance to the fully labeled worker filtering model.
Risk Factor Patterns in Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking Relationships

Domestic minor sex trafficking (DMST) is the commercial sexual exploitation of a minor citizen or legal resident within United States borders. Officials often view DMST as a monolithic crime, rathe...
Systemic Endangerment: A Tale of Neoliberal “Slumcare”

In this case study of neoliberal responsibilization (Garland 1996), I used grounded theory methods to explore practitioners’ experiences of Therapeutic Crisis Intervention at a for-profit, violence-prevention, group home for troubled youth. While previous research has shown that responsibilization can create spaces for on-the-ground resistance to post-welfarism and the reemergence of rehabilitative practices, this study shows that it can also lead to irresponsibly dangerous practices. As a result of this analysis, I introduce the concept of “slumcare” to capture a broad array of egregiously substandard behavioral-healthcare interventions that are provided throughout the United States in the name of crime prevention. While systemic endangerment is just one illustration of “slumcare,” I contend that three interrelated processes—priority corruption, a paper trail of propriety, and the evasion of criticism—explain how the neoliberal state enables a host of “slumcare practices”—including systemic endangerment—to persist beyond the walls of this particular site.
DISCORDANT CHRONIC CONDITIONS AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER COUPLES

Discordant chronic conditions (i.e., those with competing management requirements) have adverse consequences for well-being, yet little is known about their implications among couples. We evaluated how depressive symptoms are linked to discordant conditions within individuals and between spouses across an 8-year period. The U.S. sample included 1,116 middle-aged and older couples from five waves (2006 – 2014) of the Health and Retirement Study. Longitudinal actor-partner interdependence models controlled for age, minority status, education, depressive symptoms in the previous wave, and each partner’s report of baseline marital quality and number of chronic conditions in each wave. Wives and husbands with their own discordant conditions reported higher depressive symptoms, and this association intensified over time. Over and above this link, husbands had higher depressive symptoms when there were discordant conditions between spouses. Both individual-level and couple-level discordant chronic conditions appear to have enduring implications for depressive symptoms in middle and later life.
Minimally Invasive Interventions for Headache

The array of minimally invasive interventions for chronic head and neck pain has grown rapidly with the advent of technologies that allow for targeting of various components of the nervous system. Reducing pain by altering neuronal dynamics has led to expanded basic science research which, in turn, has informed the refinement, broader application, and more rapid development of next-generation techniques. These minimally invasive modalities have allowed patients another option, in addition to medications and surgery, to obtain relief. The popularity and success of these techniques in the last few years have brought renewed interest and belief in the peripheral theory for headaches and migraines and allowed headache neurologists and specialists to realize the value that peripheral treatments (including surgery) can bring to their patients.
Cavity-coupled conical cross-section gold nanohole array fiber tip localized surface plasmon resonance sensor

A conical cross-section gold nanoholes array is fabricated on a multi-mode optical fiber tip with an electron-beam lithography process. Underneath the conical gold nanoholes, nanocavities are etched into the substrate fiber glass to increase the light–matter interaction volume. Localized surface plasmon resonance of the fabricated fiber optical device is characterized by measuring the optical transmittance through the fiber tip in the visible and near infrared spectral range. The fiber optical device is used as an index of refraction sensor to detect isopropyl alcohol, ethanol, and methanol. A largely enhanced sensitivity of 652 nm per refractive index unit due to the conical cross-section gold nanoholes and the nanocavities in the fiber glass substrate is observed. Additionally, the response and recovery times of the fiber-tip plasmon sensor are measured for the first time.
Computed Tomography–Measured Psoas Muscle Density as a Predictive Factor for Hypophosphatemia Associated With Refeeding

BACKGROUND Initiation of parenteral nutrition (PN) after a period of starvation can be complicated by refeeding syndrome (RFS). RFS is associated with electrolyte abnormalities including hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, and hypophosphatemia. Risk factors include recent weight loss, low body mass index, and electrolyte deficiencies; however, these associations are not strong. We hypothesized that a validated measure of nutrition risk, computed tomography (CT)-measured psoas muscle density, can be used to predict the development of hypophosphatemia associated with RFS. METHODS A retrospective analysis of surgical patients initiated on PN with an abdominal CT scan within the past 3 months was conducted. CT-measured psoas muscle density was assessed as a predictive variable for the development of electrolyte abnormalities. Daily electrolyte and clinical outcome measures were recorded. RESULTS One hundred nine patients were stratified based on Hounsfield unit average calculation (HUAC). The lowest 25th percentile of patients had HUAC <25. Low HUAC was associated with a significant percent decrease in phosphate levels from baseline to PN day 3 (P < .01) and significant difference in serum phosphate value on PN day 3 (P < .01). The low muscle density quartile also experienced longer days on the mechanical ventilator (P = .01) compared with patients with a higher psoas muscle density. CONCLUSION Psoas muscle density predicted the development of hypophosphatemia in patients initiated on PN. This measurement may aid in identifying patients at highest risk of experiencing RFS. A mean psoas HU <25 may prompt additional precautions, including additional phosphate replacement and slower initiation of PN.
Stratification of Readmission after Bariatric Surgery by Day of Post-Discharge Presentation.

Reasons of postoperative readmissions may vary based on the timing of rehospitalization. This study characterizes predictors and causes for readmission after bariatric surgery on day-to-day basis after discharge. Using the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program data, patients who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass or sleeve gastrectomy were identified. Perioperative factors of early readmissions (post-discharge days 0–9) were compared to those of late readmissions (post-discharge days 10–30). Multivariable analysis was conducted to identify predictors of early versus late readmissions. Reasons for readmissions were characterized on day-to-day basis. Of 509,631 operations, 19,061 (3.7%) cases were readmitted. Of these, 9666 (50.7%) were early, while 9395 (49.3%) were late readmissions. White race (OR = 1.2, CI = [1.1–1.3]), revisional surgery (OR = 1.2, CI = [1.1–1.4]), Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (OR = 1.2, CI = [1.1–1.3]), pulmonary complication (OR = 1.8, CI = [1.5–2.3]), bleeding (OR = 2, CI = [1.6–2.6]), and post-acute care (OR = 1.8, CI = [1.2–2.6]) were predictors of early readmission. Late readmission was associated with body mass index ≥ 40 (CI = 0.83, OR = [0.77–0.89]), renal/urological complication (OR = 0.6, CI = [0.5–0.8]), and deep vein thrombosis (OR = 0.5, CI = [0.4–0.6]). PO intolerance or dehydration/electrolyte imbalance was the most common readmission reason, peaking on post-discharge days 19–30. Pain, medical complications, obstruction, and bleeding were causes of early readmissions. However, venous thromboembolism readmissions peaked after post-discharge day 9. Complex bariatric operations and patients who require post-discharge extended care are associated with early readmissions. Such readmissions are due to early post-discharge complications. However, late readmissions are driven by interrelated risk factors and complications. These findings suggest that targeting patients at risk for delayed rehospitalization is the most efficient approach to minimize readmissions after bariatric surgery.
Possibility of interstitial Na as electron donor in Yb14MgSb11

Here, we investigate Na-doping Yb14MgSb11 as a potential route to increase carrier concentration based on an improved multiband model. Experimental transport data were collected on Yb14-xNaxMgSb11 samples prepared by ball milling and hot pressing. We show that Na increases the Seebeck coefficient and resistivity, suggesting that it behaves not as a substituent but as an interstitial electron donor under this synthesis and processing conditions, decreasing hole carrier concentration. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of equilibrium phases, defect formation enthalpies, and band diagrams shed light on the defect-modified carrier concentrations. Depending on the equilibrium phase, Na can behave as a substitutional or interstitial defect.
Mixed logit models for examining pedestrian injury severities at intersection and non-intersection locations

Pedestrian injury has become a national traffic-safety concern as the share of pedestrian fatality continues to increase in the last decade. Pedestrian injury severities are influenced by many fact...
The Time Traveler's CAPM

An empirical study comprised of six emerging market portfolios and five industry replicating portfolios from the USA using data from 2005 to 2014. The purpose of this study is to test the ability of the ex-ante beta against the ex-post beta using six different generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models and the machine learning artificial neural network (ANN) to construct the ex-ante models. Whereas most studies use GARCH models for ultra-short forecasts, little is known about long-run forecasts using these models. The ANN model is also trained to learn the capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to see if the computer can improve upon the traditional model. This study uses a one month (five week) forecast window in all of its sample and subsample horseraces, 55 races in all. The ability to forecast the CAPM beta parameters, travel to the future, was found to be more accurate across all eleven markets for the three three-year, two five-year and one full 10-year sample period. Using out-of-sample testing (backtests) the SGARCH was the best predictor overall in the developed markets and the IGARCH was in the emerging markets.
Nonlinear Seismic Response Evaluation—Charaima Building

The seismic response characteristics of the 11-story Charaima apartment building, which partially collapsed during the 1967 Venezuelan earthquake, are examined. The influences of higher modes, nonstructural partitions, soil-foundation interaction, slab stiffness, and ground motion characteristics on the dynamic response of the entire building were investigated assuming linear elastic behavior. More realistic inelastic analyses of the critical frame of the building were also conducted to investigate the effects of slab stiffness and ground-motion characteristics on the dynamic response. Both elastic and inelastic analyses identified failure mechanisms compatible with the actual damage to the building. The results clearly indicate that estimates of possible inelastic deformation based on elastic analyses can err significantly in magnitude and distribution. The investigation emphasizes the importance of explicitly accounting for both strength and ductility in design, analysis, and construction.
Multiple-Ply Hamiltonian Graphs and Digraphs

A digraph is said to be k-ply hamiltonian if it admits k arc-disjoint Hamilton circuits. In this paper we determine when the Cayley digraph Cay(S) is 2-ply hamiltonian in the case where S is a two-element generating set for an abelian group. This result has several applications; for example, it can be used to determine when the Cartesian product DC r × DC s of two circuits is decomposable into two Hamilton circuits. We also study infinite digraphs, and characterize those infinite vertex transitive digraphs which can be decomposed into an infinite number of Hamilton paths.
Which Judges Write Their Opinions (and Should We Care)

Common wisdom holds that many federal judges do not write their own opinions. While their degree of input into opinion writing varies, almost all rely to some extent on law clerks, typically recent law school graduates, to research and draft substantial sections of the opinion. Why should we care which judges write their opinions? We posit that determining the actual input of federal judges into the authorship of opinions provides useful information in a number of contexts, including judicial promotion decisions, the allocation of scarce judicial resources, and the judicial clerkship market for law students. We start with generic tests of authorship obtained from computational linguistics. To assess the effectiveness of these tests in the judicial context, we identify (based on an informal survey of several sitting federal judges), three judges reputed to write their own opinions. We then use a randomly selected set of opinions for active circuit judges from 1998 to 2000 to examine whether the generic tests succeed in ranking these three judges high in terms of authorship. The generic tests failed to distinguish authorship due in part to the subject matter specific nature of opinions. Whether an opinion is a criminal, administrative, or commercial law opinion matters. Comparing two judges based on their criminal law opinions may provide different results than comparing the same judges based on the criminal law opinions of one judge against the administrative law opinions of the other judge. Our generic tests did not control for subject matter of opinions. We provide a number of more customized tests for the judicial context that attempt to control for subject matter. Using these customized tests, we are able to distinguish the three test judges based on authorship.
Gender Identity and Autism Spectrum Disorders

In this review, we briefly summarize much of the existing literature on gender-related concerns and autism spectrum disorders (ASD), drawing attention to critical shortcomings in our current understanding and potential clinical implications. Some authors have concluded that gender identity disorder (GID), or gender dysphoria (GD), is more common in individuals with ASD, providing a range of potential explanations. However, existing literature is quantitatively limited, and our capacity to draw conclusions is further complicated by conceptual challenges regarding how gender identity is best understood. Discourses that emphasize gender as a component of identity formation are gaining prominence and seem particularly salient when applied to ASD. Individuals with ASD should enjoy equal rights with regard to treatment for gender dysphoria. Clinicians may be able to assist individuals in understanding this aspect of their identity by broadening the social frame and facilitating an exploration of gender roles.
Large Deflection Buckling of Space Frames

Buckling loads of space rigid frames based on large deflection theory were determined herein by a method referred to as the constant load method. In this method, the load is maintained at certain constant level and the deflected position which will provide the necessary internal forces to balance the external load is determined by iteration. The load is then increased to the next level and the process repeated until the process becomes divergent or the determinant of the stiffness matrix becomes zero. The advantages of the method are: (1) the direct application of stiffness coefficients developed for the small deflection buckling and (2) the possibility of starting iteration at any level. Verification of the method with various published examples was made. An illustration was made for the determination of large deflection buckling mode of a symmetrically loaded framed dome.
A new technique of bone cement augmentation via the disc space for percutaneous pedicle screw fixation.

OBJECT In elderly patients with severe osteoporosis, instrumented lumbar interbody fusion may result in fixation failure or nonunion because of decreased pedicle screw pullout strength or increased interbody graft subsidence risk. Thus, given its many advantages, percutaneous pedicle screw fixation with cement augmentation can be an effective method to use in elderly patients. The authors report on an easy, safe, and economical technique for bone cement augmentation using a bone biopsy needle inserted into the disc space in 2 osteoporotic patients who were treated with posterior interbody fusion and percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. METHODS Two elderly patients who complained of back pain and intermittent neurological claudication underwent posterior interbody fusion with percutaneous pedicle screw fixation. After routinely assembling rods on the screws, a bone biopsy needle was inserted into the disc space via the operative field; the needle was then placed around the tips of the screws using fluorosc...
Concerning trend removal in electrochemical noise measurements

Abstract A theoretical and experimental analysis of the effects of trends in the potential and current noise fluctuations observed during measurement of electrochemical noise (ECN) data on the slopes of power spectral density and spectral noise plots as well as various other parameters obtained by statistical analysis of the ECN data in the time domain has been carried out. Drifts in the ECN data can affect the calculated values of the standard deviations of the potential ( σ V ) and current ( σ I ) fluctuations and the noise resistance R n . Correction formulae developed based on previous literature data have been used to correct the experimental data. A linear method has been applied to remove the trend from the experimental data for the mild steel/NaCl system and good agreement has been obtained between σ V , σ I and R n calculated from the data after trend removal and from the correction formulae. The localization index (LI) was 1.00 after trend removal in all cases demonstrating that LI is not related to a particular corrosion mechanism. A good agreement has been obtained between the spectral noise plots after trend removal and the impedance spectra determined at the same exposure time. A moving average removal method discussed in the literature was found to produce erroneous data.