cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interobserver agreement among cytopathologists in the evaluation of pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound- guided fine needle aspiration cytology specimens *

Background and aims: Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has become the standard of care in the evaluation of solid pancreatic lesions. Limited data exist on interobserver agreement (IOA) among cytopathologists in assessing solid pancreatic EUS-FNA specimens. This study aimed to evaluate IOA among cytopathologists in assessing EUS-FNA cytology specimens of solid pancreatic lesions using a novel standardized scoring system and to assess individual clinical and cytologic predictors of IOA. Methods: Consecutive patients who underwent EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions at a tertiary care referral center were included. EUS-FNA slides were evaluated by four blinded cytopathologists using a standardized scoring system that assessed final cytologic diagnosis and quantitative (number of nucleated/diagnostic cells) and qualitative (bloodiness, inflammation/necrosis, contamination, artifact) cytologic parameters. Final clinical diagnosis was based on final cytology, surgical pathology, or 1-year clinical follow-up. IOA was calculated using multi-rater kappa (κ) statistics. Bivariate analyses were performed comparing cases with and without uniform agreement among the cytopathologists followed by logistic regression with backward elimination to model likelihood of uniform agreement. Results: Ninety-nine patients were included (49 % males, mean age 64 years, mean lesion size 26 mm). IOA for final diagnosis was moderate (κ = 0.45, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.4 – 0.49) with minimal improvement when combining suspicious and malignant diagnoses (κ = 0.54, 95 %CI 0.49 – 0.6). The weighted kappa value for overall diagnosis was 0.65 (95 %CI 0.54 – 0.76). IOA was slight to fair (κ = 0.04 – 0.32) for individual cytologic parameters. A final clinical diagnosis of malignancy was the most significant predictor of agreement [OR 3.99 (CI 1.52 – 10.49)]. Conclusions: Interobserver agreement among cytopathologists for pancreatic EUS-FNA specimens is moderate-substantial for the final cytologic diagnosis. The final clinical diagnosis of malignancy was the strongest predictor of agreement. These results have significant implications for patient management and need to be validated in future trials.
EVOLUTION AND LATERALIZATION OF THE TWO GREAT PRIMATE ACTION SYSTEMS

The assumption that hemispheric specializations for the vocal and manual action systems began in hominids, an assumption now known to be unwarranted, has unneccessarily prevented a serious comparative investigation of the evolution of these two systems. Such an investigation leads to the suggestion that the two systems share 4 major properties. 1. They are both overlaid functions. 2. Their most specialized properties evolved by elaboration of the most distal components of the anatomical substrates on which they were overlaid. 3. Much of their ability to produce variegated serially organized output results from use of a dual Frame/Content (F/C) mode of organization, the examples being, in the manual system, certain forms of bimanual coordination, and, in the vocal system, the insertion of vowels and consonants into syllable frames at the phonological level, and the insertion of content word stems into syntactic frames at the grammatical level. In addition, F/C modes of hand-mouth interaction made a contribution to the evolution of both systems. 4. They may have in common a postural origin for their shared left hemisphere specialization, in the form of an adaptation to demands of a (mostly) asymmetrical arboreal environment in early primates.
Bhaskara's Arithmetic Operation of Division by Zero with Application in the Foundation of the Differential Calculus

This article is concerned mainly with Bhaskara's arithmetic operation of division by zero. This is the simplest of all for teaching analysis and is the most consistent and philosophical. Some mathematicians have attempted to impugn it, but when I examined their reasonings, I observed that they have done so because they have failed to comprehend the true behavior of zero. In this article I have aimed to clarify and justify Bhaskara's law of impending operations involving zero and furnish hints at the foundations upon which the arithmetic operation of division by zero rests its claims to be preferred to its fashionable rivals, the methods of infinitesimals and limits.
Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a novel therapeutic agent for focal radiation-induced osteoporosis

Bone atrophy and its related fragility fractures are frequent, late side effects of radiotherapy in cancer survivors and have a detrimental impact on their quality of life. In another study, we showed that parathyroid hormone 1-34 and anti-sclerostin antibody attenuates radiation-induced bone damage by accelerating DNA repair in osteoblasts. DNA damage responses are partially regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. In the current study, we examined whether proteasome inhibitors have similar bone-protective effects against radiation damage. MG132 treatment greatly reduced radiation-induced apoptosis in cultured osteoblastic cells. This survival effect was owing to accelerated DNA repair as revealed by γH2AX foci and comet assays and to the up-regulation of Ku70 and DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit, essential DNA repair proteins in the nonhomologous end-joining pathway. Administration of bortezomib (Bzb) reversed the loss of trabecular bone structure and strength in mice at 4 wk after focal radiation. Histomorphometry revealed that Bzb significantly increased the number of osteoblasts and activity in the irradiated area and suppressed the number and activity of osteoclasts, regardless of irradiation. Two weeks of Bzb treatment accelerated DNA repair in bone-lining osteoblasts and thus promoted their survival. Meanwhile, it also inhibited bone marrow adiposity. Taken together, we demonstrate a novel role of proteasome inhibitors in treating radiation-induced osteoporosis.-Chandra, A., Wang, L., Young, T., Zhong, L., Tseng, W.-J., Levine, M. A., Cengel, K., Liu, X. S., Zhang, Y., Pignolo, R. J., Qin, L. Proteasome inhibitor bortezomib is a novel therapeutic agent for focal radiation-induced osteoporosis.
The Agony of It All: Musculoskeletal Discomfort in the Reading Room.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the extent and severity of musculoskeletal discomfort in radiologists using a standardized tool, the Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ). In addition, we evaluated the influence of demographic factors on the frequency of symptoms, degree of discomfort, interference of symptoms with ability to work, and overall pain. Methods The CMDQ was distributed via an anonymous link to all radiology trainees and faculty at our institution. The questionnaire assessed frequency and location of pain, severity of symptoms, and degree to which discomfort interfered with work. In addition, demographic data were collected. Results The survey was completed by 99 radiologists (39% response rate). The majority (80%) of respondents spent greater than 7 hours per workday at a diagnostic workstation. The neck (66%), lower back (61%), upper back (43%), right shoulder (36%), and right wrist (33%) were the areas where radiologists most frequently reported ache, pain, or discomfort at least once per week. More than 7 hours per day at a computer workstation was significantly associated with higher total pain. Conclusions Musculoskeletal discomfort in the week before the survey was reported by the majority of radiologists and was significantly influenced by demographic factors. Further investigation is needed to understand the causes of radiologists' discomfort at work and to evaluate interventions to ameliorate these symptoms.
Knot Energy, Complexity, and Mobility of Knotted Polymers.

The Coulomb energy E C is defined by the energy required to charge a conductive object and scales inversely to the self–capacity C, a basic measure of object size and shape. It is known that C is minimized for a sphere for all objects having the same volume, and that C increases as the symmetry of an object is reduced at fixed volume. Mathematically similar energy functionals have been related to the average knot crossing number 〈m〉, a natural measure of knot complexity and, correspondingly, we find E C to be directly related to 〈m〉 of knotted DNA. To establish this relation, we employ molecular dynamics simulations to generate knotted polymeric configurations having different length and stiffness, and minimum knot crossing number values m for a wide class of knot types relevant to the real DNA. We then compute E C for all these knotted polymers using the program ZENO and find that the average Coulomb energy 〈E C〉 is directly proportional to 〈m〉. Finally, we calculate estimates of the ratio of the hydrodynamic radius, radius of gyration, and the intrinsic viscosity of semi–flexible knotted polymers in comparison to the linear polymeric chains since these ratios should be useful in characterizing knotted polymers experimentally.
Summer Treatment Program for Preschoolers with Externalizing Behavior Problems: a Preliminary Examination of Parenting Outcomes.

Within an at-risk sample of preschoolers with externalizing behavior problems (EBP), the current study examined the initial promise of a multimodal intervention, the Summer Treatment Program for Pre-Kindergarteners (STP-PreK), in improving parenting outcomes. Using an open trial design, 154 parents and their preschool children (73% male; M age = 5.06 years; 82% Hispanic/Latino background) with at-risk or clinically elevated levels of EBP (57% of which were referred by schools or mental health/medical professionals) completed a baseline and post-treatment assessment. A subsample of 90 families completed a follow-up assessment approximately 6 to 9 months after treatment completion. Parental measures of parenting stress and discipline strategies were collected across all three assessments. Observational data were also collected across all assessments during a 5-min standardized child-led play situation and a 5-min parent-led clean up task. The parenting component of the STP-PreK included a School Readiness Parenting Program (SRPP) of which the behavioral management component was implemented via a Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) adaptation (8 weekly group sessions with 15–20 parents in each group, lack of requirement of “mastery” criteria). All parenting outcomes (both ratings and observed) significantly improved after the intervention (Cohen’s d mean effect size across measures 0.89) with all effects being maintained at the 6–9 month follow-up. These findings highlight the initial promise of our SRPP’s PCIT adaptation in targeting multiple aspects of parenting while yielding comparable parenting skills acquisition compared to traditional individual PCIT.
Spatially dependent dose rate in liquid cell transmission electron microscopy.

The use of liquid cell electron microscopy as a quantitative probe of nanomaterial structures and reactions requires an accurate understanding of how the sample is altered by the imaging electron beam. In particular, changes in the chemical environment due to beam-induced radiolysis can strongly affect processes such as solution-phase nanocrystal synthesis or electrochemical deposition. It is generally assumed that beam effects are uniform throughout the irradiated liquid. Here we show that for a liquid cell filled with water, the inevitable presence of interfaces between water and the surrounding surfaces causes a spatial variation in the energy absorbed by the water near the walls. The mechanism for this effect is that the walls act as a source of secondary and backscattered electrons which diffuse and deposit energy in the water nearby. This increased dose rate then changes the local concentrations of radiolysis species. We quantify and compare the effects for different materials used in practical liquid cells. We show that the dose rate can increase by several times within tens of nanometers of a water/Au interface, locally increasing the concentrations of species such as the hydrated electron. We discuss the implications for materials processes that are typically triggered at the solid–liquid interface.
Teens Implementing a Childhood Obesity Prevention Program in the Community: Feasibility and Perceptions of a Partnership with HSTA and iCook 4-H

High school student researchers and teen leaders from the Health Science Technology Academy (HSTA), under the supervision of HSTA teachers, led a childhood obesity prevention (COP) program (iCook 4-H). The objective was to evaluate the feasibility and perceptions of having teen leaders implement a COP program for dyads of youth (9–10 years old) and their primary adult food preparer. Behavior change and perceptions were assessed through surveys and open-ended interviews. Across eight HSTA organizations, 43 teen leaders participated in teaching the iCook 4-H program to 24 dyads. Increased frequency of culinary skills, physical activity and mealtime behavior were reported by youth. Almost all adults (93%) reported that their youth had learned kitchen skills and that the program provided youth-adult quality time and developed culinary skills. Youth echoed adult perceptions with additional themes of food safety and physical activity. HSTA teen leaders perceived the program to be successful and reported the training they received to implement the program was adequate 98% of the time. HSTA teachers found the program to be beneficial for HSTA students in improving leadership, confidence and responsibility. iCook 4-H was feasible to be disseminated through teen leaders in the HSTA program. This teen-led approach could serve as a model for youth health-related programming.
LCM for Transport and Mobility

LCM studies of industry and academia show the increasing importance of implementing life cycle thinking in the transport and mobility sector. Tools facilitating the use of LCA in product development processes increase the relevance of this topic in companies. OEMs use LCM as decision support for decarbonisation strategies and operationalization of greenhouse gas reduction targets. Next to environmental impacts, financial and social aspects are considered for a holistic assessment of vehicles. Regional impacts of alternative fuels and power trains need to be considered to support the development of sustainable mobility strategies in nation states. Regional specifics are also included in new data sets for modelling flat steel production along the value chain. Introducing voluntary credit transfer options in automotive legislation is proposed to incentivize low-carbon innovations throughout the whole life cycle of vehicles.
Inner harmony and the human ideal in Republic IV and IX

This paper presents an interpretation of Plato's moral psychology in two books of the Republic that construes Plato as adopting a strong unity for the moral agent. Within this conception reason influences both emotion and action directly. This view is contrasted with the current prevailing interpretation according to which all three parts of the soul have their own reason, feeling, and desire. The latter construal is shown to be both philosophically weak, and less plausible as a historical reconstruction.
Chemical and Biological Warfare

Chemical and biological warfare generally refers to the use of chemical and biological agents as weapons of war. Chemical weaponry in the form of poison gas (e.g., chlorine) was a significant feature of World War I, and though gas warfare was generally condemned afterward, it has been noted, or at least alleged, in various subsequent conflicts. In the current era, the term ‘chemical warfare’ has been extended to apply to, among other actions, the use of herbicides to destroy foliage on a large-scale basis. Biological warfare refers to the use of harmful organisms, chiefly pathogenic bacteria or viruses (e.g., the anthrax bacillus). At the present time, the intentional deployment of toxic microorganisms as weapons of war remains a potential threat rather than an actual strategy. Nevertheless, the devastating effect of disease on wartime populations, as in the flu epidemic of 1918, is well documented, and the world community has taken steps to outlaw biological warfare.
Canonical Construction and Statutory Revisionism: The Strange Case of the Appropriations Canon

In this article, we consider the impact of positive political theory on legislative interpretation and, in particular, the debate over interpretive canons. Our vehicle for this consideration is the appropriations canon. By virtue of this canon, courts construe narrowly legislative changes to statutes made through the appropriations process. We consider the underlying logic and rationale of this canon - essentially, that the appropriations process is unrepresentative and insufficiently deliberative - and use this analysis to investigate, more broadly, the processes of canonical construction in the modern statutory interpretation jurisprudence. Canonical construction, we argue, must be attentive to the equilibrium effects of judicial approaches and, moreover, it must be based upon a normatively compelling theory of lawmaking and the legislative process. The appropriations canon fails both of these tests; and, in its structure, it reveals some of the weaknesses of the contemporary reliance on canons to illuminate statutory meaning.
Code roots

This talk uses snippets of code to illustrate the interplay of ideas and engineering behind object-oriented libraries. Examples include those showing the influences of ECOOP papers, bug reports, and standards bodies; and conversely, those showing how new APIs impact developers and researchers.
Employer Aggregation Rules Under 1986 Code Section 414

Determining whether an employer is part of a controlled group can be difficult. The author provides a comprehensive look at the factors involved.
Fertility Preservation in Women With Endometriosis.

Infertility affects 30% to 50% of women with endometriosis. Women with endometriosis are at risk of decreased ovarian reserve, both because of the pathophysiology of the disease and iatrogenic inju...
Regularity lemmas for clustering graphs

Abstract For a graph G with a positive clustering coefficient C, it is proved that for any positive constant ϵ, the vertex set of G can be partitioned into finitely many parts, say S 1 , S 2 , … , S m , such that all but an ϵ fraction of the triangles in G are contained in the projections of tripartite subgraphs induced by ( S i , S j , S k ) which are ϵ-Δ-regular, where the size m of the partition depends only on ϵ and C. The notion of ϵ-Δ-regular, which is a variation of ϵ-regular for the original regularity lemma, concerns triangle density instead of edge density. Several generalizations and variations of the regularity lemma for clustering graphs are derived.
Exploring the potential of ethanol, CNG, and syngas as fuels for lean spark-ignition combustion - An experimental study

Abstract In this study, experiments were carried out on a single-cylinder Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine with different fuel-air equivalence ratio (φ) and compression ratio to explore its performance and emissions using four different fuels, E10, natural gas, ethanol, and syngas, at 1200 rev/min and 75 kPa intake pressure. The compression ratio was varied from 9 to 11 for E10 and syngas, and from 9 to 13 for natural gas and ethanol. The combustion characteristics were analyzed on the basis of enabling lean flame propagation. It was found that higher compression ratio resulted in higher engine efficiency and improved lean burn capability for all fuels studied. However, the use of ethanol, natural gas, and syngas helped to extend the lean misfire limit. Syngas enabled combustion at considerably lean operating conditions and achieved the leanest misfire limit. Spark ignition combustion with natural gas showed better lean combustion capability than gasoline and ethanol. Ethanol offered a wider lean limit than E10 and achieved higher fuel conversion efficiency than E10 and natural gas. Combustion with E10 was limited by end gas knock at high compression ratio, which necessitated spark retard and reduced engine efficiency and performance.
Ceftriaxone attenuates ethanol drinking and restores extracellular glutamate concentration through normalization of GLT-1 in nucleus accumbens of male alcohol-preferring rats.

Alteration of glutamatergic-neurotransmission is a hallmark of alcohol dependence. We have previously reported that chronic ethanol-drinking downregulated glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in nucleus accumbens (NAc) in male P rats in a manner that was reversed by ceftriaxone treatment. However, the effect of ceftriaxone on extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc after chronic ethanol-drinking has not yet been studied. In the present study, male P rats were treated with ceftriaxone (100 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for five consecutive days following five-weeks of free choice ethanol (15% and 30%) drinking. In vivo microdialysis was performed to measure the extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc and the effect of blockade of GLT-1 with dihydrokainic acid (DHK) on extracellular glutamate in NAc of ceftriaxone-treated rats was determined. Ceftriaxone treatment attenuated ethanol intake as well as ethanol preference. Extracellular glutamate was significantly higher in NAc after five-weeks of ethanol drinking in saline-treated compared to water control rats. Ceftriaxone treatment blocked the increase extracellular glutamate produced by ethanol intake. Blockade of GLT-1 by DHK reversed the effects of ceftriaxone on glutamate and implicated the role of GLT-1 in the normalization of extracellular glutamate by ceftriaxone. In addition, GLT-1 protein was decreased in ethanol exposed animals and ceftriaxone treatment reversed this deficit. Ceftriaxone treatment also increased glutamine synthetase activity in NAc but not in PFC as compared to ethanol drinking saline-treated rats. Our present study demonstrates that ceftriaxone treatment prevents ethanol drinking in part through normalization of extracellular glutamate concentrations in NAc of male P rats via GLT-1.
Companion Animals and Online Discourse: Victim-Blaming and Animal Evacuation

People often intentionally or unintentionally leave companion animals behind in an evacuation during a hazard event. In online animal rescue forums, people curate, comment on, and engage in posts d...
On Compromise and Obligation

In English usage, the word compromise has two very distinct senses. In one, it means to act so as to endanger the existence of something good. (For example, one might adopt a diet that compromises one’s health.) In the other, it means to accommodate an opponent in matters of disagreement or conflict by accepting a less than preferred outcome in the interest of achieving a reciprocally acceptable accommodation. Both senses of the term will be at issue in the present discussion. We begin with the former.
Chandra Observations of Point Sources in Abell 2255

In our search for ``hidden'' AGN we present results from a Chandra observation of the nearby cluster Abell 2255. Eight cluster galaxies are associated with point-like X-ray emission, and we classify these galaxies based on their X-ray, radio, and optical properties. At least three are associated with active galactic nuclei (AGN) with no optical signatures of nuclear activity, with a further two being potential AGN. Of the potential AGN, one corresponds to a galaxy with a post-starburst optical spectrum. The remaining three X-ray detected cluster galaxies consist of two starbursts and an elliptical with luminous hot gas. Of the eight cluster galaxies five are associated with luminous (massive) galaxies and the remaining three lie in much lower luminosity systems. We note that the use of X-ray to optical flux ratios for classification of X-ray sources is often misleading, and strengthen the claim that the fraction of cluster galaxies hosting an AGN based on optical data is signficantly lower than the fraction based on X-ray and radio data.
Research Designs for Intervention Research with Small Samples II: Stepped Wedge and Interrupted Time-Series Designs

The stepped wedge design (SWD) and the interrupted time-series design (ITSD) are two alternative research designs that maximize efficiency and statistical power with small samples when contrasted to the operating characteristics of conventional randomized controlled trials (RCT). This paper provides an overview and introduction to previous work with these designs and compares and contrasts them with the dynamic wait-list design (DWLD) and the regression point displacement design (RPDD), which were presented in a previous article (Wyman, Henry, Knoblauch, and Brown, Prevention Science. 2015) in this special section. The SWD and the DWLD are similar in that both are intervention implementation roll-out designs. We discuss similarities and differences between the SWD and DWLD in their historical origin and application, along with differences in the statistical modeling of each design. Next, we describe the main design characteristics of the ITSD, along with some of its strengths and limitations. We provide a critical comparative review of strengths and weaknesses in application of the ITSD, SWD, DWLD, and RPDD as small sample alternatives to application of the RCT, concluding with a discussion of the types of contextual factors that influence selection of an optimal research design by prevention researchers working with small samples.
Technique for transcarotid artery revascularization of tandem lesions.

Abstract The repair of tandem carotid lesions has been described using myriad methods, often involving a hybrid approach of stenting with carotid endarterectomy. Because of the worrisome stroke rates associated with this method, we have reported an innovative technique of transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) for tandem lesions in a patient with high-grade stenosis of the right common and internal carotid arteries. Technical success was achieved with TCAR via retrograde and antegrade access using dynamic flow reversal for the treatment of both lesions. The patient experienced no postoperative complications, highlighting the successful repair of tandem carotid lesions using TCAR in a patient who is too high risk for carotid endarterectomy.
Specialty pharmacist integration into an outpatient neurology clinic improves pimavanserin access

Introduction Access to pimavanserin, the only Parkinson disease-related psychosis treatment approved by the FDA, is restricted by insurance requirements, a limited distribution network, and high costs. Following initiation, patients require monitoring for safety and effectiveness. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate impact of specialty pharmacist (SP) integration on time to insurance approval. Additionally, we describe a pharmacist-led monitoring program. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective study of adults prescribed pimavanserin by the neurology clinic from June 2016 to June 2018. Patients receiving pimavanserin externally or through clinical trials were excluded. Pre- (June 2016 to December 2016) and post-SP integration (January 2017 to June 2018) periods were assessed. Proportional odds logistic regression was performed to test association of approval time with patient characteristics (age, gender, insurance type) postintegration. Interventions were categorized as clinical care, care coordination, management of adverse event, or adherence. Results We included 94 patients (32 preintegration, 62 postintegration), 80% male (n = 75) and 96% white (n = 90) with a mean age of 73 years. Median time to approval was 22 days preintegration and 3 days postintegration. Higher rates of approval (81% vs 95%) and initiation (78% vs 94%) were observed postintegration. Proportional odds logistic regression suggested patients with commercial insurance were likely to have longer time to approval compared with patients with Medicare/Medicaid (odds ratio 7.1; 95% confidence interval: 1.9, 26.7; P = .004). Most interventions were clinical (51%, n = 47) or care coordination (42%, n = 39). Conclusion Median time to approval decreased postintegration. The SP performed valuable monitoring and interventions.
Non-Markovian Regime-Switching Models

This paper revisits the non-Markovian regime switching model considered by Chib and Dueker (2004), who employ an autoregressive continuous latent variable in order to specify the dynamics of the latent regime-indicator variable. We show that, in spite of the non-Markovian nature of the regime indicator variable, the Markovian property of this continuous latent variable allows us to easily estimate the model within the Bayesian framework without any approximations. In particular, we show that the conventional Gibbs sampling is enough in generating the regime indicator variable as well as the continuous latent variable conditional on all the parameters of the model and data. For an application to business cycle modeling of postwar US real GDP, a modified version of Hamilton’s (1989) Markovian switching model is slightly preferred to a non-Markovian switching model by the Bayesian model selection criterion. For an application to volatility modeling of the weekly stock return, a non-Markovian switching model with endogenous switching or the leverage effect is strongly preferred to Markovian switching models.
Secure attachment in infancy predicts context-dependent emotion expression in middle childhood

Attachment security has been linked to healthy socioemotional development, but less is known about how secure attachment in infancy relates to emotional functioning in middle childhood, particularly across multiple contexts. The present study examined associations between secure attachment in infancy and children's context-dependent emotion expression during a parent-child interaction at age 9 (N = 78) among families with Child Protective Services involvement (i.e., children at risk for emotion dysregulation). The results indicated that children classified as securely attached in infancy exhibited less task-incongruent affect (i.e., less positive affect during a distressing discussion, less negative affect during a positive discussion) and a greater decrease in negative affect from a distressing discussion to a positive discussion than children classified as insecurely attached. In addition, secure children were rated as more appropriate in their emotion expression than insecure children. The present study highlights attachment as a promising intervention target for children at risk for emotion dysregulation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
ABO blood groups do not predict progression of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage

Abstract ABO blood groups are associated with genetically predisposed variations in von Willebrand factor (VWF) resulting in higher risks of thrombotic events in non-O blood types and bleeding complications in blood type O. The role of ABO blood groups in progression of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (TICH) is unknown. Given statistically lower VWF levels in blood type O in the general population, we hypothesized that blood type O patients have a higher risk of such progression. A retrospective review of adult trauma patients with isolated TICH admitted to a Level 1 trauma center over eight years was conducted. Patients were categorized with blood type O and non-O (types A, B, AB) delineation. The primary outcome was radiological progression of TICH during the first 24 h. Secondary outcomes included surgical intervention after follow-up computed tomography (CT), complications, days on mechanical ventilation (DMV), intensive care unit (ICU) length of stay (LOS), hospital LOS, and mortality. Of 949 patients, 432 (45.5%) had blood type O. When comparing O and non-O groups, no significant differences were found in gender, age, race, admission vital signs, Glasgow Coma Scale, coagulation profile, TICH type, or Injury Severity Score. No difference in TICH progression was found between O and non-O groups: 73 (17%) vs 80 (15%), respectively, p = 0.55. Blood type O mortality was 12 (3% vs. 23 (4%), p = 0.174). Rate of TICH surgical intervention after follow-up CT, DMV, complications, and ICU and hospital LOS did not differ. No association between ABO blood types and radiological progression of TICH was identified.
Clipless Robotic-assisted Radical Prostatectomy and Impact on Outcomes.

Abstract Background The use of surgical clips for athermal dissection of the lateral prostatic pedicles and ligation during pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) while performing robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) has been the gold standard. Clips are used to prevent thermal injury of the unmyelinated nerve fibers and lymphceles, respectively. Objective To compare oncological and functional outcomes of a new technique of clipless, lateral pedicle control and PLND with RARP with bipolar energy (RARP-bi) versus the standard RARP technique with clips (RARP-c). Design, setting, and participants A retrospective study was conducted among 338 men who underwent RARP between July 2018 and March 2020. Surgical procedure RARP-c versus RARP-bi. Measurements We prospectively collected data and retrospectively compared demographic, clinicopathological, and functional outcome data. Urinary as well as sexual function was assessed using the Expanded Prostate Cancer Index for Clinical Practice, and complications were assessed using Clavien-Dindo grading. Multivariable regression modeling was used to examine whether the technical approach of RARP-bi versus RARP-c was associated with positive surgical margins (PSMs) or sexual and urinary function scores. Results and limitations A total of 144 (43%) and 194 (57%) men underwent RARP-bi and RARP-c, respectively. Overall, there were no differences in functional and oncological outcomes between the two approaches. On multivariable regression analysis, the RARP-bi technique was not associated with significant differences in PSMs (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6–1.8; p = 0.9), sexual function (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.1–1.5; p = 0.8), or urinary function (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2–1.4; p = 0.2). The overall 30-d complication rates (12% vs 16%, p = 0.5) and bladder neck contracture rates (2.1% vs 3.6%, p = 0.5) were similar between the two groups. There was no difference in lymphocele complications (1.4% vs 0.52%, p = 0.58). All complications were of Clavien-Dindo grade I–II. Conclusions Despite the concerns for an increased risk of nerve injury secondary to the use of bipolar energy for prostatic pedicle dissection, we demonstrate that this technique is oncologically and functionally similar to the standard approach with surgical clips. There was no difference in complications or lymphocele formation for techniques with versus without clips. Patient summary We describe a modified technique for prostatic pedicle dissection during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy, which utilizes bipolar energy and is associated with shorter operative time, without compromising functional or oncological outcomes.
Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Mandibular Osteomyelitis Associated with Mycotic Infestation: A Case Report

Arsenic trioxide used in endodontic treatments has been shown to cause severe damages to surrounding bone and periodontal tissues. This report describes a case of alveolar osteomyelitis triggered by arsenic trioxide pulp devitalization and associated with mycotic infestation. Following clinical and radiological examinations, the concerned tooth was extracted, bone sequestrum was removed and granulation tissue was debrided. Histopathological biopsy examination, stained with hematoxylin/eosin, Grocott’s silver methenamine and periodic acid-Schiff, confirmed the diagnosis of chemical osteomyelitis associated with fungal infestation. Six months postoperatively, normal bone healing was observed.
Role of Resin Microsphere Y90 Dosimetry in Predicting Objective Tumor Response, Survival and Treatment Related Toxicity in Surgically Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastasis: A Retrospective Single Institution Study.

Purpose: To Evaluate the correlation between tumor dosimetric parameters with objective tumor response (OR) and overall survival (OS) in patients with surgically unresectable colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM) undergoing resin-based Ytrrium-90 selective internal radiation therapy (Y90 SIRT). Materials and Methods: 45 consecutive patients with CRLM underwent resin-based Y90 SIRT in one or both hepatic lobes (66 treated lobes total). Dose volume histograms were created with MIM Sureplan® v.6.9 using post-treatment SPECT/CT. Dosimetry analyses were based on the cumulative volume of the five largest tumors in each treatment session and non-tumoral liver (NTL) dose. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate tumor dosimetric factors in predicting OR by Response Evaluation Criteria for Solid Tumors at 3 months post-Y90. Additionally, ROC curve was used to evaluate non-tumoral liver dose as a predictor of grade ≥ 3 liver toxicity and radioembolization induced liver disease (REILD) 3 months post Y90. To minimize for potential confounding demographic and clinical factors, univariate and multivariate analysis of survival with mean tumor dose as one of the factors were also performed. Kaplan-Meier estimation was used for OS analysis from initial Y90 SIRT. Results: 26 out of 45 patients had OR with a median OS of 17.2 months versus 6.8 months for patients without OR (p 10 lesions per liver lobe) were found to be predictors of shorter median OS. On multivariate analysis, mean TD < 100 Gy, presence of any genomic mutation, and diffuse hepatic metastatic disease were found to be independent predictors of shorter OS. Overall, six (13.3%) patients developed grade ≥ 3 liver toxicity post Y90 of whom two (4.4%) patients developed REILD. No dose threshold predicting grade ≥ 3 liver toxicity or REILD was identified. Conclusions: Mean TD ≥ 100 Gy in patients with unresectable CRLM undergoing resin-based Y90 SIRT predicts OR and prolonged OS.
Adaptive Asymtotic Tracking of Repetitive Signals - A Frequency Domain Approach

The problem of designing an adaptive tracking controller for repetitive reference signals is considered. It is assumed that the controlled plant is linear time invariant. The proposed controller, being able to identify the gain and phase of a plant at selected frequencies, adjusts the I/O map at frequencies contained in the reference signal so as to achieve zero steady state errors. Other control methods with the same goal like repetitive control usually have to know the system's structure which, in the presence of unmodel dynamics, makes the robustness property less appealing. Since no structural knowledge has to be known in the proposed approach, it is robust as long as the phase and magnitude of the plant at those target frequencies are not drastically changed. However, the proposed controller does not alter the transient property of the plant, e.g., locations of poles. Thus, a combination of this controller and a feedback LTI controller is proposed also.
Osteoarthritis caused by an inverted acetabular labrum: radiographic diagnosis and arthroscopic treatment.

Abstract Purpose: An inverted labrum is an acknowledged but often elusive cause of osteoarthritis. The study goals were to define the characteristic radiographic features of secondary osteoarthritis of the hip due to an inverted labrum and report the results of arthroscopic treatment. Type of Study: This is a case series study. Methods: From 220 consecutive arthroscopic hip procedures, 9 patients were identified who had had secondary osteoarthritis caused by an inverted labrum and who underwent a minimum 2 years follow-up. All were prospectively assessed with a modified Harris hip score. All patients underwent excision of a torn inverted labrum and chondroplasty. Three patients who had well- circumscribed grade IV acetabular lesions also underwent microfracture of the subchondral bone. Results: Characteristic anteroposterior radiographic features included isolated narrowing of the superolateral joint space. This narrowing caused a lateral convergence in the normally parallel lines created by the radius of curvature of the subchondral bone of the acetabulum and the convex surface of the femoral head. These 2 features created a false appearance of dysplasia (pseudodysplasia), because the center edge angle of Weiberg was normal in 6 cases (range, 24° to 41°; average, 29°) and was indicative of true dysplasia in only 3 cases (17°). The median preoperative score was 51, and the postoperative hip score was 56. Only 4 patients showed significant improvement. The best results were in the group with microfracture; the average improvement in this group was 36. Conclusions: An inverted labrum is an occasionally encountered cause of osteoarthritis of the hip. The radiographic features seen with this disorder are quite characteristic and essentially pathognomonic. Recognizing these features in this population may help the physician avoid an unnecessarily extensive work-up for poorly explained hip pain. The 3 patients with microfracture responded well to the arthroscopic technique; otherwise the results of arthroscopic treatment were poor. The outcomes were no better than those previously reported for arthritis of all causes. Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic and Related Surgery, Vol 18, No 7 (September), 2002: pp 741–747
Mapping the road for voluntary change: Partnerships in agricultural extension

BIOS and BIFS are two California-based, small-scale alternative agricultural demonstration programs that define an applied Agriculture Partnership Model of extension. This model operates through a structure of local project leadership, a process of responsive farmer outreach and a primary goal of voluntary pesticide reduction. It reaches back to a Land Grant approach to extension of personal relationship, equal partnership, and collaborative learning. Overall findings from a systematic assessment of BIOS and BIFS imply that the operation and impacts of these two Agriculture Partnership Projects owe more to the model, approach, and values of the projects than to any specific farming or extension techniques. A model of local partnership and responsive, learner-centered outreach, operational values such as flexibility and relationship, and a balanced systems approach to farm management and project operation combine to create a promising organizational response to the rapidly changing regulatory, environmental, and political circumstances confronting conventional farmers in California. Though some farm advisors and field research specialists within the University of California Cooperative Extension have successfully used the projects to leverage decreasing Extension resources, increase their one-on-one contact with farmers, and learn new outreach and agricultural skills, others within that system are highly critical of the two projects. Organizational tension between Cooperative Extension and the quasi-university Partnership Projects largely reflects differences in fundamental beliefs and values about legitimate knowledge, learning processes, and effective teaching as well as primary goals for agricultural outreach.
The nonimpact of gestational age on neurodevelopmental outcome for ventilated survivors born at 23–28 weeks of gestation

Aim: It has long been known that survival of preterm infants strongly depends upon birth weight and gestational age. This study addresses a different question – whether the gestational maturity improves neurodevelopmental outcomes for ventilated infants born at 23–28 weeks who survive to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. Methods: We performed a prospective cohort study of 199 ventilated infants born between 23 and 28 weeks of gestation. Neurodevelopmental impairment was determined using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II at 24 months. Results: As expected, when considered as a ratio of all births, both survival and survival without neurodevelopmental impairment were strongly dependent on gestational age. However, the percentage of surviving infants who displayed neurodevelopmental impairment did not vary with gestational age for any level of neurodevelopmental impairment (MDI or PDI <50, <60, <70). Moreover, as a higher percentage of ventilated infants survived to NICU discharge at higher gestational ages, but the percentage of neurodevelopmental impairment in NICU survivors was unaffected by gestational age, the percentage of all ventilated births who survived with neurodevelopmental impairment rose – not fell – with increasing gestation age. Conclusion: For physicians, parents and policy-makers whose primary concern is the presence of neurodevelopmental impairment in infants who survive the NICU, reliance on gestational age appears to be misplaced.
Exposing The Myths: Organizing Women Around the World

Excerpt] Myths about organizing women, and women of color in particular, prevent the labor movement from hearing and acting on the real opportunities to work together on issues that affect everyone. This article contributes to the burgeoning effort to listen to what women around the world are saying about their role in the labor movement. The article includes stories of women from the African country of Uganda and the Asian countries of Sri Lanka, South Korea, and Nepal. These stories are not isolated incidents; they represent the growing participation of women in labor movements around the world. Gaining an appreciation for this growing participation will help lay to rest some of the widelyheld myths about organizing women myths that still persist after years of effort to combat them.
Stability of MgSiO3 Perovskite in the Lower Mantle

As it is expected to be the dominant phase in the lower mantle, any pressure-induced phase changes in MgSiO 3 could require significant modifications in current models of the dynamics and structures of Earth's deep mantle. Studies to date have yielded discrepant results regarding the high-pressure stability of MgSiO 3 perovskite. Understanding the source of discrepancy is essential, both to resolving the stability of perovskite and to developing more reliable techniques for understanding the Earth's deep interior. In this report, we give an overview of previous studies on the stability of MgSiO 3 perovskite and recent observations on the post-perovskite transition. We also summarize our measurements on MgSiO 3 perovskite to core-mantle boundary pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions using in-situ X-ray diffraction. Major peaks in our diffraction patterns are best explained by those of MgSiO 3 perovskite at 1200-2500-km depth conditions. No evidence of dissociation to MgO + SiO, and a transition to a cubic perovskite structure has been found to core-mantle boundary P-T conditions. We have also observed a new peak at 2.62-2.57 A at 88-145 GPa, the existence of which may be relevant to a modification in perovskite crystal structure. However, the possibility that this peak may be from a chemical reaction among gasket, anvil materials, and sample cannot be ruled out. More significant changes are observed during heating above 2500 K at 135-145 GPa: appearance of new peaks, splitting of a peak, and intensity changes of some diffraction peaks. The recently proposed post-perovskite phase explains dominant new diffraction features. Based on the results available as of May 2005, the post-perovskite transition appears to be relevant to the D seismic discontinuity. Furthermore, depth of the post-perovskite transition may be very sensitive to variations in chemical composition as well as temperature.