cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Attitudes and Attitude Descriptions

In the analysis of abstract entities, propositions requires careful consideration. This chapter presents the results of previous research in DRT on attitudes and attitude reports that bears on the analysis of propositions in natural language metaphysics. My analysis of abstract objects in subsequent chapters starts from the view of propositions as I have portrayed them in my work on the attitude. This view differs from the usual approaches to propositions in the philosophical literature in several ways. First, it implies that the identity conditions of propositions are radically context dependent. Because of this, traditional puzzles about belief like those proposed by Frege and by Kripke (1979) receive a novel solution. Further, this context sensitivity suggests that the traditional search for one criterion of identity for propositions in terms of sets of possible worlds as in Montague (1968) or in terms of alphabetic variants of particular logical forms as in Fodor (1975), or in terms of structured states of affairs as in Barwise and Perry (1983), Soames (1987), and Salmon (1986) is deeply misguided. Second, while the analysis of attitudes and propositions requires postulating that mental states are structured and have contents, we need not postulate propositions as independent, abstract entities themselves. Attitude talk does not commit us to Platonism, contrary to what Bealer (1982) and many others have suggested. Third, DRT integrates and makes precise within a truth conditional framework some of the ideas of conceptual role theories of meaning (Field 1972). DRT thus combines advantages of what are often seen as incompatible approaches. Fourth, the extension of the DRS construction procedure to attitudes introduces concepts and concept discourse referents into the semantics. The discussion of concepts will also figure in my discussion of abstract entities and anaphora. Finally, the work on attitudes introduces machinery to develop a more sophisticated notion of update meaning in the dynamic interpretation of attitude reports than what was presented in chapter two, or in Kamp (1981), Heim (1982), and Groenendijk and Stokhof (1987). It is just this sort of machinery that will be needed in the development of an account of discourse structure. The dynamic theory of attitude interpretation follows a dynamic theory of attitude formation.
New Integration Techniques for Chemical Kinetic Rate Equations. I. Efficiency Comparison

Abstract A comparison of the efficiency of several recently developed numerical techniques for solving chemical kinetic rate equations is presented. The solution procedures examined include two general-purpose codes, EPISODE and LSODE, developed as multipurpose differential equation solvers, and three specialized codes, CHEMEQ, CREK1D, and GCKP84, developed specifically for chemical kinetics. The efficiency comparison is made by applying these codes to two practical combustion kinetics problems. Both problems describe adiabatic, constant-pressure, gas-phase chemical reactions and include all three combustion regimes: induction, heat release, and equilibration. The comparison shows that LSODE is the fastest routine currently available for solving chemical kinetic rate equations. An important finding is that an iterative solution of the algebraic enthalpy conservation equation for temperature can be significantly faster than evaluation of the temperature by integration of its time derivative. Significant in...
Evaluation of anesthesia management, feasibility and efficacy of peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia performed in the endoscopy unit

Introduction: Data on anesthesia management and outcomes associated with peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) performed exclusively in the endoscopy unit are limited. In this prospective study, we evaluated the safety of anesthesia management, and the feasibility and efficacy of POEM performed exclusively in the endoscopy unit. Methods: A single-center prospective study of consecutive patients with achalasia treated with POEM in an endoscopy unit was performed. Safety of anesthesia management and POEM were determined by procedure-related adverse events. Feasibility was assessed by completion rate. Short-term efficacy was established by clinical success (Eckardt score ≤ 3) and by comparing Eckardt and dysphagia scores before and after POEM. Results: Patients (n = 52) underwent POEM under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation and positive pressure ventilation. Aspiration was prevented by keeping patients on a clear liquid diet before the procedure without requiring a prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy for esophageal content clearance. POEM completion rate was 96 % (50/52 patients). There was no post-POEM bleeding. Postprocedure leak was observed in one patient (3 %). Four patients (7.7 %) experienced mucosal injury, three of them were treated uneventfully endoscopically and one required laparoscopic repair. Clinical success was achieved in 88 % of patients. There was a significant decrease in the mean Eckardt score (8.1 to 1.4) and dysphagia score (2.4 to 0.4) (P Conclusion: Anesthesia management of POEM is safe in the endoscopy unit and aspiration can be prevented without requiring prior esophagogastroduodenoscopy for esophageal content clearance. Overall, POEM performed by a gastroenterologist in the endoscopy unit was feasible and effective for the treatment of achalasia.
Measurement of Liquid Film Thickness in Slug Flow of Air and Viscous Liquid in a Microchannel

Liquid film thickness data in slug flow in a 320 μm diameter capillary tube have been obtained and are compared with existing data and correlations. Solutions of glycerol in water at varying concentrations between 50 and 70% were injected into the capillary tube along with air, at ambient temperature. The thickness of the liquid film was measured using a laser confocal displacement sensor. Gas slug velocity data were obtained from high speed video images recorded at 40,000 frames per second. As liquid viscosity and hence capillary number was reduced, the film thickness around the gas slugs in the capillary tube decreased as expected. The liquid film thickness data were slightly underpredicted by existing correlations.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Pulse shaping using binary sequences designed with error diffusion

Continuous optical and electrical pulse shaping is obtained by spectral filtering of binary discrete sequences of pulses designed with the deterministic error-diffusion algorithm. Experimental demonstration to RF pulse shaping is presented.
Help Seeking and Social Interaction

By the hundreds of studies they have already conducted on altruism, psychologists have amply demonstrated their concern that people in need of help should obtain the necessary and appropriate resources. However, this research has focused almost exclusively on help that is initiated by someone eise. In contrast, the process whereby people actively seek the help that they themselves want or need, despite its clear importance in medical, Psychiatric, and educational settings, and in everyday life situations, is only now beginning to receive substantial research attention (De Paulo, 1983; De Paulo, Nadler, & Fisher, 1983).
Introduction to Common Law Legal Reasoning as Taught in American Law Schools

This essay provides a concise introduction to what is being tested with American law school “issue spotter” exams in order to help first year law students better prepare for exams. Most first year JD courses at American law schools teach legal reasoning with “Socratic method” class discussions of cases in casebooks, and then test students by asking them to apply the law taught in class to hypothetical fact patterns presented in “issue spotter” exams. Most first year JD students perceive a gap between how legal reasoning is presented in casebooks and class discussion on the one hand, and what instructors are looking for when they grade students’ exam answers on the other. This essay is designed to help students bridge that gap. It begins with a concise overview of some of the major elements of common law legal reasoning as well as a brief introduction to some elementary contract law doctrines. After explaining why and how to brief cases, the case briefing method is illustrated by application to a simple case. A basic method for outlining law school courses is provided, and illustrated using the same legal doctrines as were covered in the case brief. The basic structure of issue spotter exam questions is explained and then illustrated by applying the legal doctrines covered in the case brief and outline to a short hypothetical fact pattern. The essay concludes by comparing how rules and facts are expressed in primary legal materials, case briefs, outlines and exam answers, highlighting similarities and differences across these forms of legal writing.
EESECTS OF WASTEWATERS ON MARINE BIOTA

The ocean provides enormous capacity for dispersion and assimilation of human and natural wastes. Indeed marine ecosystems depend on such terrestrial sources for their nutrient supplies. It is incumbent cm man to cause minimal disruption and, if possible, beneficial effects from dispersing his wastes in the sea. The Southern California Bight receives the most intense exposure to discharged sewage of any exposed region along the Pacific coast of North America. Evidences of significantly altered chemical and biological conditions in southern California hare been demonstrated. Elevated concentrations of certain metals occur in sediments near some large sewage outfalls. Pesticide residues were extremely high in sand crabs from southern California. Beds of giant kelp decreased near some, but not all,sewage outfalls. Correctional measures are disoussed. Ecological surveys are currently used to provide early warning of potential biological problems near some southern California outfalls. A survey near an outfall removed from service indicated most changes in fish and macroinvertebrate populations occurred within a few months after the discharge ceased.
“Vaccinations are Safe and Effective”: Inoculating Positive HPV Vaccine Attitudes Against Antivaccination Attack Messages

This study examined the use of two different inoculation messages to confer resistance to persuasive messages attacking the efficacy and safety of the human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccine. A three-phase experiment was conducted involving 110 participants to determine if young women who held positive attitudes toward the HPV vaccine could be inoculated against counterattitudinal attack messages using both a specific and generalized form of an inoculation message. Results found that inoculation treatments aimed at protecting positive attitudes toward vaccinations in general (i.e., all vaccines are safe and effective) were as effective at thwarting attacks on the HPV vaccine as the use of a more specific inoculation treatment (i.e., the HPV vaccine is safe and effective).
ITYARN at One Theatre World: Research as practice—Practice as research

On Saturday, May 9, 2015, an historic event took place: for the first time, the International Theatre for Young Audiences Research Network (ITYARN), founded in 2006, was represented at One Theatre ...
Warfarin-Induced Skin Necrosis After Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report.

Skin and soft-tissue necrosis is a known, but rare, complication of warfarin administration. The diagnosis is usually guided by clinical suspicion, possible biopsy, and the exclusion of other diagnoses. The treatment is cessation of warfarin, local and/or surgical wound care, and medical therapy. Regardless of the treatment, the disease can lead to substantial morbidity or even death. We report the case of a patient who underwent total knee arthroplasty and developed tissue necrosis localized to the area of surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this complication previously has been reported only twice in the orthopaedic literature1,2. In these cases, the tissue necrosis occurred in multiple locations of the patient’s body. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. An eighty-three-year-old man with multiple medical comorbidities, including atrial fibrillation, underwent a primary right total knee arthroplasty. A tourniquet was used only during the cementing portion. No drain was used. There were no perioperative complications. Preoperatively, the patient had been on chronic warfarin therapy for the atrial fibrillation, but the warfarin had been stopped for six days before the procedure. In the five months prior to stopping the warfarin, the international normalized ratio (INR) ranged from 1.7 to 2.1. After surgery, the patient was treated with enoxaparin while hospitalized, and warfarin therapy was resumed. On postoperative day three, the skin around the incision appeared slightly swollen and ecchymotic but was within normal expectations, and the patient was discharged home. On postoperative day four, the patient presented to the emergency room because of increased pain and inability to mobilize, and he was admitted to the hospital. The knee was swollen and mildly erythematous and had some new hemorrhagic blisters. On postoperative day five, blisters were noted on the …
The precise construction of patient protocols: modeling, simulation and analysis of computer interpretable guidelines

Standardizing the care of patients with complex problems in hospital settings is a difficult challenge for physicians, nurses and other medical professionals. Diverse conditions further complicate patient management. While in acute care settings such as intensive care units, the inherent problems of stabilizing and improving vital patient parameters is further complicated by the division of responsibilities among different individuals and teams, in outpatient settings the management of chronic diseases introduces additional complications related to the long-term treatment of patients. The use of evidence-based guidelines for managing complex clinical problems has become the standard of practice. Computerized support for implementing such guidelines has tremendous potential; however, addressing this problem requires a carefully coordinated use of various techniques from the field of computer science, as guidelines developed by the medical community are not directly interpretable by computers. In this thesis, first, we present a survey of literature and a study on the open questions from the field of clinical decision support focusing on the use of model-based techniques for specifying and implementing evidence-based guidelines. Following the survey, we describe a model-based architecture for enabling the construction, management, verification and execution of such guidelines. The presented architecture is model-based in the sense that it relies upon the formal modeling of medical guidelines, including the specification of input parameters such as signs and symptoms, output parameters such as medical actions, and other guideline-related constraints such as rules, regulations and policies. The behavioral semantics of these models is provided by the application of custom-built formal behavioral templates defined with the help of Matlab Simulink/Stateflow and model composition. The benefits of our approach are illustrated with the modeling, execution and formal analysis of a clinically relevant example, a sepsis management guideline. Keywords: Executable medical guidelines, Model-based development, Patient workflow management system, Design languages, Domain-specific architectures, Medical information systems, Modeling, Ontology.
The role of race, ethnicity and tribal enrolment on asset accumulation: an examination of American Indian tribal nations

ABSTRACTWe analyse survey data from the National Asset Scorecard for Communities of Color Project for asset accumulation in Tulsa, Oklahoma. The survey oversampled the American Indian/Alaska Native population in order to examine asset accumulation among a variety of racial, ethnic and legal status groups. We examine differences in asset accumulation across tribal members from a variety of American Indian tribes. Additionally, we make comparisons across those that are tribally enrolled to those that are not tribally enrolled. We find substantial difference across tribal affiliation in our data once we disaggregate the category of American Indian. Our research adds a new dimension to the literature examining differences in wealth accumulation by race and political status for a little-studied group. Specifically, we examine the intersection of race and legal status in wealth and asset accumulation.
Hybrid metamaterials for electrically triggered multifunctional control

Despite the exotic material properties that have been demonstrated to date, practical examples of versatile metamaterials remain exceedingly rare. The concept of metadevices has been proposed in the context of hybrid metamaterial composites: systems in which active materials are introduced to advance tunability, switchability and nonlinearity. In contrast to the successful hybridizations seen at lower frequencies, there has been limited exploration into plasmonic and photonic nanostructures due to the lack of available optical materials with non-trivial activity, together with difficulties in regulating responses to external forces in an integrated manner. Here, by presenting a series of proof-of-concept studies on electrically triggered functionalities, we demonstrate a vanadium dioxide integrated photonic metamaterial as a transformative platform for multifunctional control. The proposed hybrid metamaterial integrated with transition materials represents a major step forward by providing a universal approach to creating self-sufficient and highly versatile nanophotonic systems.
Improving communication with families of patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery

Abstract Peri-operative communication between families and parents of children undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery remains uneven and is felt to contribute to variation in subjective perceptions and inclusion by parents. We conducted a series of structured interviews and surveys in a prospective mixed-method study at a 140 bed university-affiliated tertiary pediatric hospital with approximately 6300 annual admissions. All English speaking patients undergoing pediatric cardiac surgery were eligible for inclusion. The providers of the enrolled patients were divided into two groups: pediatric critical care, cardiothoracic, and subspecialty (anesthesia and cardiology) providers. Twenty-one pre and post-surgical interviews were conducted with parents (n=8), and providers (n=13) prior to, and following, the cardiac surgical intervention. We then worked with parents and staff to arrive at practical strategies to improve current system. A total of 4 areas across the process were identified were improvements could be introduced. These were: Mid Staffordshire NHS (Feb 2013) patient/family centered relationship, Dyer (2001) sources and locus of control, Committee on Hospital Care and Institute for Patient- and Family-Centered Care (2012) barriers to communication, and Hanson and Barach (2012) opportunities and timeliness for communication improvement. A number of potential failures in communicating results with families were identified, bedside rounds in the PICU that include patient families, use of modern technology methods to proactively communicate routine results to improve the expectations, subject knowledge, targeted training for family empowerment before and surgery. There remains an urgent need for further work to test these and other potential solutions.
Now you CD it, now you don't

Optical technology, well known through products like videodiscs and compact discs has found its way into the data storage market, first with write-once products intended for archiving. Now erasable optical products are available with several hundred megabytes of storage space, thanks to magneto-optical recording – a method thought to be on the borderline of what was possible just a few years ago.
Radiographic Normal Variants

A “normal variant” is defined as an incidental, usually asymptomatic, imaging finding that simulates true pathology. Given the nearly limitless spectrum of skeletal variation, a solid understanding of commonly encountered normal radiographic variants is essential to avoid mistaking one for true pathology. Similarly, a familiarity with those “normal” variants that are known to, at times, become symptomatic is essential to help direct further work-up when the clinical findings are suggestive of a potentially painful variant.
Apical surface supracellular mechanical properties in polarized epithelium using noninvasive acoustic force spectroscopy

Maintenance of epithelial tissue integrity requires coordination between cell-cell adherens junctions, tight junctions (TJ), and the perijunctional actomyosin cytoskeleton. Here we addressed the hypothesis that alterations in TJ structure and remodeling of the actomyosin cytoskeleton modify epithelial mechanics. Current methods to measure supracellular mechanical properties disrupt intact monolayers, therefore, we developed a novel method using noncontact acoustic frequency-modulation atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) and tested it on MDCK polarized monolayers. Our results show that double knockdown (dKD) of ZO-1/ZO-2 elevates the apical epithelial tension and effective viscosity. Interestingly, epithelial tension is more sensitive to inhibition of myosin II ATPase activity than to inhibition of ROCK activity, but viscosity is highly sensitive to both. Additionally, we showed epithelial intercellular pulling forces at tricellular junctions and adhesion forces in dKD cells are elevated with an increase in contractility. In conclusion, FM-AFM enables the physiological and quantitative investigation of mechanics in intact epithelium.
An S-band 3-W load-reconfigurable power amplifier with 50–76% efficiency for VSWR up to 4:1

A load-configurable high-efficiency power amplifier (PA), co-designed with a two-pole evanescent-mode (EVA) cavity-base impedance tuner, is demonstrated in this paper. A high-Q impedance tuner is used as the output matching network of the power amplifier to properly terminate the transistor various load impedances. The presented design is experimentally validated using GaN transistor and measured at 2.5 GHz. The quality factor of the impedance tuner is extracted from measurements and found to be approximately 300. The PA with the impedance tuner reaches 76% efficiency at VSWR = 1, 63–75% at VSWR = 2, and 50–62% at VSWR = 4. The maximum output power of the PA is 35 dBm (3.16 W).
Social Work's Diminished Commitment to the Paraprofessional

This paper reviews the rise during the 1960's and the apparent decline during the 1970's of social work's support of the paraprofessional and concludes that failure to follow through unequivocally on its early commitment to the paraprofessional is likely to create future difficulties for the profession. A critical shortage of graduate social workers, a restructuring of the social servicos, and a national policy of employing the poor and disadvantaged in social service occupations all led to the introduction of large numbers of paraprofessionals into both urban and rural social service employment during the 1960's. Sheldon Siegel cites Census Bureau data that indicate that approximately 32 percent of all social service workers in the United States in 1970 had less than a baccalaureate degree. The social work profession affirmed the necessity and the desirability of this trend, not only as a method of solving the shortage of trained personnel that existed at that time 2 but also because many of these new entrants to the field were indigenous to the client groups that social work sought to serve and had characteristics and skills congenial to those groups. 3 It was during the 1960's that the long-standing shortage of -trained personnel in social work ceased to be viewed solely as a need -for more holders of the master's degree in social work. The social Work profession resolved a long-standing debate and decided that it )n earlier version of this paper was presented at the Fourth National -Institute on Social Work in Rural Areas, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, August 1, 1979.
N-Heterocyclic Carbenes as a Robust Platform for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) underpins a wide range of commercial and fundamental applications. SERS often relies on ligands, usually thiols, bound to a noble metal surface. The difficulty of straightforward thiol synthesis combined with their instability on surfaces highlights the need for alternative ligand design. We present the first example of SERS utilizing N-heterocyclic carbene ligands. A general three step synthesis is presented for functionalized NHC-CO2 adducts. These ligands are deposited on SERS-active gold film-over-nanosphere substrates (AuFONs) in solvent-free and base-free conditions, which prevents fouling. The resulting films are found to be robust and capable of postsynthetic modifications.
Angiotensin II, Growth Factors and the Lipoxygenase Pathway

Excessive proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells have been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. These processes are mainly mediated by growth factors and cytokines released by various cells in the vessel wall. However, the role of free lipids in these events are not very clear. Vascular smooth muscle cell growth factors and cytokines can activate phospholipases with the release of arachidonic acid which can be further metabolized by several pathways including the lipoxygenase pathway. Lipoxygenase products have been shown to have potent inflammatory, growth and chemoattractant effects in cells. This chapter examines the role of the lipoxygenase pathway in the growth promoting effects of angiotensin II and the chemotactic effects of platelet-derived growth factor in vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, this chapter also examines the effects of hyperglycemia on the regulation and function of the lipoxygenase pathway, in order to evaluate potential mechanisms for the accelerated cardiovascular disease observed in diabetics.
Calcium signaling cascades, antidepressants and major depressive disorders

The discovery of effective antidepressants among the monoamine oxidase inhibitors and tricyclic compounds inhibiting monoamine uptake stimulated and drove research on the actions of antidepressants and the pathophysiology of major depression for nearly two decades (Stone, 1983). Newly discovered compounds with selectivity to antagonize the reuptake of serotonin have driven this research in recent years (Caldecott-Hazard et al., 1991; Charney, 1998; Maj et al., 1984). However, the response rate with any given antidepressant treatment has remained essentially unchanged since the early 1960’s. Regardless of whether patients are prescribed monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic compounds or serotonin reuptake inhibitors, response rates hover between 60-65%. Moreover, in all cases, 3-6 weeks of drug administration is required to produce a therapeutic response, suggesting the agency of factors other than or in addition to the acute effects of these drugs (Charney, 1998; Oswald et al., 1972). Given the difficulties in maintaining patients in treatment after unsuccessful drug trials and the risk of self-injurious behavior and suicide until remission of depressive symptoms, the need for rapidly acting antidepressants with high response rates remains as pressing now as it was 40 years ago.
Multidisciplinarity and Comparison in the Study of Dark Pasts: Dark Pasts: Changing the State's Story in Turkey and Japan, by Jennifer M. Dixon, Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2018, 258 pp., USD$55.00 (hardcover), ISBN 9781501730245

I am grateful to Dirk Moses and the editorial board of the Journal of Genocide Research for featuring Dark Pasts in a book forum, particularly given that mine is the first book by a female author t...
Seeking Justice: How VAWA Reduced the Stronghold Over American Indian and Alaska Native Women.

The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA), originally passed in 1994, was successfully reauthorized in 2000, 2005, and 2013. Over time, VAWA altered the environment for many victims who had previously ...
Design of Intelligent Energy Service System Based on Industrial Internet

With increasing energy consumption, the problems of extensive management and low utilization efficiency in the process of energy use have become more and more prominent. How to improve energy utilization has become an important issue. This paper designs and implements a smart energy service system based on the Industrial Internet, which can provide services for energy service providers and energy customers. This paper describes the system from the aspects of overall architecture, business architecture, technical architecture and integration architecture. Finally, the demonstration application of the system is introduced, which verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the designed system.
The Man Who Solved the Market: How Jim Simons Launched the Quant Revolution: by Gregory Zuckerman, Portfolio/Penguin (2019), 384 pp., illustrated, $30. Paperback. ISBN 9780735217980.

Coffee Cart Man: Hey buddy. You forgot your change.Joe Moore: [Takes the change] Makes the world go round.Bobby Blane: What's that?Joe Moore: Gold.Bobby Blane: Some people say love.Joe Moore: Well,...
Do Competitors’ Quality Improvements Improve Own Quality? An Empirical Test of Florida Hospitals

For nearly two decades, there has been heightened awareness and concern about the safety and quality of inpatient care in U.S. hospitals. Efforts to improve these conditions have stemmed mainly from non-market policies and regulation, as research has come to no consensus on the relationship between hospital market competition and quality. This article extends this line of research, using a game-theoretic framework and unique panel of Florida hospitals, to uniquely examine the relationship between hospital competition and quality investment. Specifically, we look at how the quality of competitors, measured by a composite of Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety (adverse) events, is related to several measures of hospital-quality investment. We find the quality of competitors leads, in some cases, to an increase in quality investment, but with effects that are quite small (estimated elasticities typically less than 0.05). We also generally find that an increase in the number of competitors leads to a decrease in quality investment. Thus, while it would seem the rise of non-market policies from public payers to promote quality in U.S. hospitals has been warranted, we also conclude that, on the margin, hospitals may compete in fairly sophisticated and strategic ways.
Sono case series: a 65-year-old man with right eye vision loss.

A 65-year-old man presents with a shadow in the left visual field of his right eye. This has progressed over the past week, and he presents to the ED because the shadow has involved his central visual field. He has also been experiencing right eye flashes and floaters. He has not had any trauma to the eye, and has no eye pain, discharge, fever, chills or history of similar symptoms. His medical history includes diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, right eye pseudophakia, and right eye retinal microaneurysm. His surgical history includes lens replacement. His home medications include lisinopril, amlodipine, metformin and atorvastatin, and he has no allergies. His triage vital signs showed BP of 178/80 mm Hg, HR of 98 beats per minute, temperature of 37°C, respirations of 14 and oxygen saturation of 98%. On physical examination, the patient is a man appearing his stated aged without distress. Right eye visual acuity was 20/30, not correctable with pinhole, and left eye visual acuity was 20/20. Tonometry shows 15 mm Hg in both eyes. Both pupils are equal, round and reactive to light. The right eye has total inferior nasal visual field deficiency, while the left eye visual field is full. Slit lamp exam showed normal conjunctivae, cornea and anterior chambers. 1. What is the appropriate technique to perform a point-of-care ultrasound to evaluate for a retinal detachment? Place a transparent dressing (Tegaderm) on a high-frequency, linear transducer, and then apply sterile gel lubricant on top of the dressing. With the patient in supine or semirecumbent position, hold the transducer lightly …
Destructive domains: rethinking teacher evaluation in the age of Charlotte Danielson

In this manuscript, we argue that the increasing use of reductive tools born out of neoliberal reforms in education, such as The Framework for Teaching, a tool for teacher evaluation credited to Ch...
Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Micro, Small, and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Province of Ilocos Norte Philippines

The study investigates the effects of the pandemic brought about by Covid-19 on Ilocos businesses and establishments. The study participants were the owners of micro, small and medium businesses in Ilocos Norte, and they were selected using a convenience sampling technique. The study employed a quantitative research design, and the entrepreneurs were asked about the perceived impact of Covid-19. Using descriptive statistics, the findings divulged that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the businesses ranged from retrenchment of employees, disruption in the supply chain, and temporary to permanent shutdown. The impact of the pandemic includes uncertainties, the decline in productivity, demand, and sales. Implications, conclusions, and recommendations were also provided in the study.
Brody’s Theorem

It followed immediately from the definition that every holomorphic map of C into a hyperbolic space is constant. Brody proved the converse under certain compactness conditions. This result has numerous applications, and reflects the global behavior of the space. This chapter is devoted to its proof and some of these applications.
Pinocchio’s Nose in Therapy: Therapists’ Beliefs and Attitudes Toward Client Deception

In this study, we investigated therapists’ beliefs about indicators of deception and attitudes toward client deception. We recruited interns and licensed psychologists from various accredited internship sites. They completed a demographics questionnaire, the Detection of Deception Questionnaire, and the Therapist Attitudes Toward Deception measure. The questionnaires measured therapists’ beliefs and attitudes towards client deception. The results indicated that therapists possessed a small number of accurate beliefs about indicators of deception and held a number of negative attitudes toward deceptive clients. Findings also revealed that therapists reported being deceptive with clients. Implications for training and practice are discussed.
Failure Modes in Anticancer Drug Discovery and Development

The development of cancer therapy is witnessing a host of technology changes and new insights into the biology of neoplasia. Despite these advances, testing of new molecules in the clinical stages of development remains a lengthy process associated with a high failure rate. This chapter will discuss reasons why failures occur in the clinical development stages of drug development.
Cellular cholesterol, membrane signaling, and disease

Publisher Summary The raft theory, the role of cholesterol in the formation of rafts and the function of rafts in signaling and membrane transport, has found wide support in an incredibly diverse array of cellular systems. However, these studies are largely limited to cultured cells in vitro and there has been no systematic genetic analysis. Given the complexities of lipid synthesis and the study of lipids in vivo, this is not surprising. This chapter describes the hereditary disorders that provide unique systems for genetic manipulation of rafts and a potential opportunity to disrupt raft-dependent signaling in the whole animal. Moreover, these diseases and their mouse models provide a more detailed analysis of the wider roles of cholesterol in signaling and the relationships between signaling and membrane trafficking. In particular, an increased understanding of neuronal cholesterol homeostasis and vesicular transport provided by Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) disease will be important for understanding β-amyloid precursor protein processing in Alzheimer disease that appears to be linked to both cellular cholesterol homeostasis and raft-rich intracellular compartments.
Is the ex ante risk premium always positive?: A new approach to testing conditional asset pricing models

This paper develops tests of inequality restrictions implied by conditional asset pricing models. The methodology is easy to implement, requires little knowledge of the conditional distribution of asset returns, and is valid under fairly weak assumptions. As an application, we test whether the ex ante risk premium is always positive. We report reliable evidence that the ex ante risk premium is negative in some states of the world; these states are related to periods of high expected inflation and especially to downward-sloping term structures.
Investigation of Atomic‐Scale Energetics on Liquid Metal Embrittlement of Aluminum due to Gallium

In this work, the role of atomistic-scale energetics on liquid-metal embrittlement of aluminum (Al) due to gallium (Ga) was explored. Ab-initio and molecular mechanics were employed to probe the formation energies of vacancies and segregation energies of Ga for , and symmetric tilt grain boundaries (STGBs) in Al. Results show that site-to-site variation of formation and segregation energies within the boundary are substantial, with the majority of sites having lower energies than the bulk values. Moreover, a few GBs such as Σ3(111)and Σ11(113) of different tilt axes with relatively high segregation energies (between 0 and −0.1 eV) at the boundary were also found, providing a new atomistic perspective in the GB engineering of material with smart GB networks to mitigate or control LME and more general embrittlement phenomena in alloys.
The changing times of life: Career in context

Abstract This article contains four sections, the first outlines the individual needs and characteristics which are generally identified with the early, middle, and late stages of a person's career. This discussion provides the framework for the remainder of the volume. The second section presents the case of Dr. Otto A. Faust, a 100 year old pediatrician whose career spanned 64 years and had several transitions. A brief analysis of the case leads into the third section, which examines seven career Stressors. The concluding section identifies the four basic social and cultural forces which will be developed throughout the volume and which will influence careers into the twenty-first century: (1) women at work, (2) the decline of blue-collar labor, (3) the changing demographic distribution, and (4) the growth of a world economy.
Bayesian selling problem with partial information

We introduce an optimal stopping problem for selling an asset when the fixed but unknown distribution of successive offers is from one of n possible distributions. The initial probabilities as to which is the true distribution are given and updated in a Bayesian manner as the successive offers are observed. After receiving an offer, the seller has to decide whether to accept the offer or continue to observe the next offer. Each time an offer is observed a fixed cost is incurred. We consider both the cases where recalling a past offer is allowed and where it is not allowed. For each case, a dynamic programming model and some heuristic policies are presented. Using simulation, the performances of the heuristic methods are evaluated and upper bounds on the optimal expected return are obtained. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2013
The Supreme Court Holds Class on Sexual Harassment: How to Avoid a Failing Grade

This article analyzes the three recent sexual harassment cases decided by the U.S. Supreme Court in its 1997–98 session. The purpose is to highlight the most common mistakes made by management as evidenced by the case history on this topic. Each mistake is described in the context of the cases and with reference to widespread business practices. The explanation of each error is followed by a brief practical directive to aid management in formulating appropriate policies and practices on that topic. A concluding section describes the desired result of each recommendation from the perspective of the employees. This article gives managers a quick checklist to ensure that their policies and practices avoid common problems and are up to date with the latest court interpretations on sexual harassment.
Beam Life Time

Particles travelling along a beam transport line or orbiting in a circular accelerator can be lost due to a variety of causes. We ignore the trivial cases of beam loss due to technical malfunctioning of beam line components or losses caused by either complete physical obstruction of the beam line or a mismatch of vacuum chamber aperture and beam dimensions. For a well designed beam transport line or circular accelerator we distinguish two main classes for beam loss which are losses due to scattering and losses due to instabilities. While particle losses due to scattering with other particles is a single particle effect leading to a gradual loss of beam intensity, instabilities can lead to catastrophic loss of part or all of the beam. In this chapter we will concentrate on single particle losses due to interactions with residual gas atoms.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF POLYRIBOSOMES WITHIN BACILLUS CEREUS

Pfister, R. M. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), and D. G. Lundgren. Electron microscopy of polyribosomes within Bacillus cereus . J. Bacteriol. 88: 1119–1129. 1964.—Clusters of ribosomes (polyribosomes) were identified in thin sections of Bacillus cereus . Cells were treated by freezing and thawing to induce partial lysis to permit a closer examination of structural detail. The polyribosomes were (at times) attached to the cytoplasmic membrane, and ribosome clusters contained about 10 to 55 individual ribosomes. Individual ribosomes ranged from 70 to 100 A, whereas polyribosomes were about 150 to 850 A wide. A membrane served as the fabric holding the ribosomes, which were about 50 to 100 A apart. Images
Plasma Sheet Behavior During Substorms

Auroral or magnetic substorms are periods of enhanced auroral and geomagnetic activity lasting one to a few hours that signify increased dissipation of energy from the magnetosphere to the earth. Data acquired during the past decade from satellites in the near-earth sector of the magnetotail have suggested that during a substorm part of the plasma sheet is severed from earth by magnetic reconnection, forming a plasmoid, i.e., a body of plasma and closed magnetic loops, that flows out of the tail into the solar wind, thus returning plasma and energy that have earlier been accumulated from the solar wind. Very recently this picture has been dramatically confirmed by observations, with the ISEE 3 spacecraft in the magnetotail 220 R/sub E/ from earth, of plasmoids passing that location in clear delayed response to substorms. It now appears that plasmoid release is a fundamental process whereby the magnetosphere gives up excess stored energy and plasma, much like comets are seen to do, and that the phenomena of the substorm seen at earth are a by-product of that fundamental process.
Identification of a novel immunomodulatory gliadin peptide that causes interleukin-8 release in a chemokine receptor CXCR3-dependent manner only in patients with coeliac disease

The autoimmune enteropathy, coeliac disease (CD), is triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains. We recently reported that the chemokine receptor CXCR3 serves as a receptor for specific gliadin peptides that cause zonulin release and subsequent increase in intestinal permeability. To explore the role of CXCR3 in the immune response to gliadin, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from both patients with CD and healthy controls were incubated with either pepsin-trypsin-digested gliadin or 11 α-gliadin synthetic peptides in the presence or absence of a blocking anti-CXCR3 monoclonal antibody. Supernatants were analysed for interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10 (CXCL10), tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ. Gliadin broadly induced cytokine production irrespective of the clinical condition. However, IL-8 production occurred only in a subgroup of individuals and cells of the phagocytic lineage were the main source. Induction of IL-8 was reproduced by one of a comprehensive panel of synthetic α-gliadin peptides and was abrogated when CXCR3 was blocked before stimulation with either gliadin or this peptide in the CD group but not in the control group, suggesting that gliadin-induced IL-8 production was CXCR3-dependent gliadin induced IL-8 production only in CD.
Intrusion detection. Applying machine learning to Solaris audit data

An intrusion detection system (IDS) seeks to identify unauthorized access to computer systems' resources and data. The most common analysis tool that these modern systems apply is the operating system audit trail that provides a fingerprint of system events over time. In this research, the Basic Security Module auditing tool of Sun's Solaris operating environment was used in both an anomaly and misuse detection approach. The anomaly detector consisted of the statistical likelihood analysis of system calls, while the misuse detector was built with a neural network trained on groupings of system calls. This research demonstrates the potential benefits of combining both aspects of detection in future IDSs to decrease false positive and false negative errors.
Communication Questions for Couples

ABSTRACT In this article, I share a series of questions to help couples, either in therapy or as a homework assignment, reflect upon various aspects of their relationship. The questions also provide the less articulate, less emotionally available partner a structured platform to share and connect. This activity gives many couples a sense of hope since it provides opportunities to practice relating more intimately and to experience the closeness that often results.
Diurnal Forcings and Local Circulations

Day-periodic processes and circulations on the local to meso-scale dominate the regional climate and weather in the tropics, in contrast to the higher latitudes where the diurnal is much smaller than the annual cycle. Forcings on the time scale of a day or less result from horizontal contrasts in the surface heat budget and thermal and gravitational atmospheric tides; both heat budget and tidal forcings being particularly pronounced in the low latitudes. Differential heat budget forcings lead to vigorous topographic and meso-scale circulations, which in turn dominate the spatial pattern and diurnal cycle of cloudiness and rainfall. Day-periodic processes must accordingly be recognized as important factors for the regional climates, the latent heating distribution, and consequently the large-scale circulation. The role of diurnal and local forcings for the long-term and large-scale functioning of the tropical atmosphere does not seem to have received the attention it deserves. The present chapter is intended as a preliminary review of such diurnal and local processes, and as reference for subjects discussed in later chapters of this book.
Adaptive control of robotic manipulators using DSPs

In this paper the application of DSPs for motion control of robotic manipulators is considered. It is shown that DSPs are able to implement advanced control algorithms in real time, and hence, can provide enhanced motion control for robotic manipulators.