cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MATE-CG: A Map Reduce-Like Framework for Accelerating Data-Intensive Computations on Heterogeneous Clusters

Clusters of GPUs have rapidly emerged as the means for achieving extreme-scale, cost-effective, and powerefficient high performance computing. At the same time, high level APIs like map-reduce are being used for developing several types of high-end and/or data-intensive applications. Map-reduce, originally developed for data processing applications, has been successfully used for many classes of applications that involve a significant amount of computations, such as machine learning, image processing, and data mining applications. Because such applications can be accelerated using GPUs (and other accelerators), there has been interest in supporting map-reduce-like APIs on GPUs. However, while the use of map-reduce for a single GPU has been studied, developing map-reduce-like models for programming a heterogeneous CPU-GPU cluster remains an open challenge. This paper presents the MATE-CG system, which is a map reduce-like framework based on the generalized reduction API. We develop support for enabling scalable and efficient implementation of data-intensive applications in a heterogeneous cluster of multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs. Our contributions are three folds: 1) we port the generalized reduction model on clusters of modern GPUs with a map-reduce-like API, dealing with very large datasets, 2) we further propose three schemes to better utilize the computing power of CPUs and/or GPUs and develop an auto-tuning strategy to achieve the best-possible heterogeneous configuration for iterative applications, 3) we show how analytical models can be used to optimize important parameters in our system. We evaluate our system using three representative data intensive applications and report results on a heterogeneous cluster of 128 CPU cores and 16 GPUs (7168 GPU cores). We show an average speedup of 87× on this cluster over execution with 2 CPU-cores. Our applications also achieve an average improvement of 25% by using CPU cores and GPUs simultaneously, over the best performance achieved from using only one of the types of resources in the cluster.
Botulinum toxin therapy for palmar hyperhidrosis

Abstract Background: Severe palmar hyperhidrosis is a chronic disease, resistant to conventional therapy. Botulinum toxin inhibits sweat production by blocking release of acetylcholine from presynaptic membranes. Objective: Our purpose was to evaluate the short- and long-term effectiveness of botulinum toxin therapy in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Methods: Four patients with severe palmar hyperhidrosis were treated with subepidermal injections of botulinum toxin. Fifty injections, 2 mouse units each, were used in each palm. Regional nerve blocks of the median and ulnar nerves were performed before the procedure. Patients were observed for 12 months after treatment. Results: Botulinum toxin injections significantly reduced sweat production in the treated areas of the palms. Anhidrosis lasted for 12 months in one patient, 7 months in two patients, and 4 months in one patient. Mild weakness of the thumb lasting 3 weeks occurred in one patient. No other side effects were observed. Conclusion : Botulinum toxin provides an effective, safe, and long-lasting alternative therapeutic modality for treatment of severe palmar hyperhidrosis. Additional studies are needed for optimization of the technique.(J Am Acad Dermatol 1998;38:227-9.)
Casein Kinase II Is Required for Cell Cycle Progression during G1 and G2/M in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

The catalytic subunit of Saccharomyces cerevisiae casein kinase II (Sc CKII) is encoded by the CKA1 and CKA2 genes, which together are essential for viability. Five independent temperature-sensitive alleles of the CKA2 gene were isolated and used to analyze the function of CKII during the cell cycle. Following a shift to the nonpermissive temperature, cka2ts strains arrested within a single cell cycle and exhibited a dual arrest phenotype consisting of 50% unbudded and 50% large-budded cells. The unbudded half of the arrested population contained a single nucleus and a single focus of microtubule staining, consistent with arrest in G1. Most of the large-budded fraction contained segregated chromatin and an extended spindle, indicative of arrest in anaphase, though a fraction contained an undivided nucleus with a short thick intranuclear spindle, indicative of arrest in G2 and/or metaphase. Flow cytometry of pheromone-synchronized cells confirmed that CKII is required in G1, at a point which must lie at or beyond Start but prior to DNA synthesis. Similar analysis of hydroxyurea-synchronized cells indicated that CKII is not required for completion of previously initiated DNA replication but confirmed that the enzyme is again required for cell cycle progression in G2 and/or mitosis. These results establish a role for CKII in regulation and/or execution of the eukaryotic cell cycle.
The Business Judgment Rule and Sphere Sovereignty

The Business Judgment Rule prevents courts from reviewing the substantive business decisions of corporate directors. The rule is a microcosm of the tension between government regulation and private autonomy that runs throughout corporate law. The Business Judgment Rule is protective of the self-determination of the business enterprise, but its rationale is, not surprisingly, debated. Courts and commentators have offered a variety of explanations, but these still leave the rule open to the accusation that it is a sui generis privilege granted to corporations.This Article places the Business Judgment Rule in the context of a large-scale social theory: sphere sovereignty. In a sphere-sovereignty framework, the Business Judgment Rule should not be viewed as a special privilege of corporations. Rather, it should be viewed as a recognition by the courts of the autonomy of each societal sphere, created by God to pursue unique ends and purposes. The political and theological theory of sphere sovereignty provides a basis for the Business Judgment Rule’s various provisions and offers suggestions for its future development.
Intersatellite communications optoelectronics research at the Goddard Space Flight Center

A review is presented of current optoelectronics research and development at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center for high-power, high-bandwidth laser transmitters; high-bandwidth, high-sensitivity optical receivers; pointing, acquisition, and tracking components; and experimental and theoretical system modeling at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. Program hardware and space flight opportunities are presented. >
The Caenorhabditis elegans rol-6 gene, which interacts with the sqt-1 collagen gene to determine organismal morphology, encodes a collagen.

The rol-6 gene is one of the more than 40 loci in Caenorhabditis elegans that primarily affect organismal morphology. Certain mutations in the rol-6 gene produce animals that have the right roller phenotype, i.e., they are twisted into a right-handed helix. The rol-6 gene interacts with another gene that affects morphology, sqt-1; a left roller allele of sqt-1 acts as a dominant suppressor of a right roller allele of rol-6. The sqt-1 gene has previously been shown to encode a collagen. We isolated and sequenced the rol-6 gene and found that it also encodes a collagen. The rol-6 gene was identified by physical mapping of overlapping chromosomal deficiencies that cover the gene and by identification of an allele-specific restriction site alteration. The amino acid sequence of the collagen encoded by rol-6 is more similar to that of the sqt-1 collagen than to any of the other ten C. elegans cuticle collagen sequences compared. The locations of cysteine residues flanking the Gly-X-Y repeat regions of rol-6 and sqt-1 are identical, but differ from those in the other collagens. The sequence similarities between rol-6 and sqt-1 indicate that they represent a new collagen subfamily in C. elegans. These findings suggest that these two collagens physically interact, possibly explaining the genetic interaction seen between the rol-6 and sqt-1 genes.
Atmospheric Predictability as Revealed by Naturally Occurring Analogues

Abstract Two states of the atmosphere which are observed to resemble one another are termed analogues. Eitherstate of a pair of analogues may be regarded as equal to the other state plus a small superposed "error."From the behavior of the atmosphere following each state, the growth rate of the error may be determined. Five years of twice-daily height values of the 200-, 500-, and 850-mb surfaces at a grid of 1003 pointsover the Northern Hemisphere are procured. A weighted root-mean-square height difference is used as ameasure of the difference between two states, or the error. For each pair of states occurring within onemonth of the same time of year, but in different years, the error is computed. There are numerous mediocre analogues but no truly good ones. The smallest errors have an averagedoubling time of about 8 days. Larger errors grow less rapidly. Extrapolation with the aid of a quadratichypothesis indicates that truly small errors would double in about 2.5 days. These rates may be comparedwith a ...
Modified Shape Annealing for Optimally-Directed Generation: Initial Results

Formal generative design systems may describe large and complex spaces, making good designs hard to find. The problem of directing generation towards good solutions is addressed by considering the shape annealing algorithm. The algorithm is modified in an attempt to make optimization over the final generation sequence more uniform. Seven variations of the algorithm are investigated, and their performance compared. The results suggest that an enhanced backtracking ability may significantly improve the performance of the algorithm.
Model-Based Design for DO-178B with Qualified Tools

Model-Based Design with automatic code generation is an important and established technology for developing aerospace embedded control systems. Early verification, validation, and test of models and generated code using software tools with accompanying workflows are increasingly used. In 2009, The MathWorks released tool qualification kits for verification tools based on the commercial aviation software standard DO-178B. The use of Model-Based Design for DO-178B applications using qualified verification tools is described herein.
Patterned biofilm formation reveals a mechanism for structural heterogeneity in bacterial biofilms.

Bacterial biofilms are ubiquitous and are the major cause of chronic infections in humans and persistent biofouling in industry. Despite the significance of bacterial biofilms, the mechanism of biofilm formation and associated drug tolerance is still not fully understood. A major challenge in biofilm research is the intrinsic heterogeneity in the biofilm structure, which leads to temporal and spatial variation in cell density and gene expression. To understand and control such structural heterogeneity, surfaces with patterned functional alkanthiols were used in this study to obtain Escherichia coli cell clusters with systematically varied cluster size and distance between clusters. The results from quantitative imaging analysis revealed an interesting phenomenon in which multicellular connections can be formed between cell clusters depending on the size of interacting clusters and the distance between them. In addition, significant differences in patterned biofilm formation were observed between wild-type...
Hypophysectomy and the Lipolytic Action of Epinephrine in vitro.

SummaryThe response of normal adipose tissue to epinephrine (0.05 μg/ml incubation medium) is completely abolished by hypophysectomy of the donor rats. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with crude, whole rat pituitary extract restored the lipolytic action of epinephrine to normal. Posterior pituitary extract and corticotropin replacement was without effect. Thyrotropin injections produced a partial, and growth hormone treatment a full restoration of the lipolytic action of epinephrine. Treatment of hypophysectomized rats with cortisol or cortico-sterone reestablished the sensitivity of their adipose tissue to epinephrine, but only when relatively large doses of these hormones were given. Physiological doses of triiodothyronine (1 μg/rat/day), however, restored the normal response to epinephrine. It is concluded that several endocrine factors can influence the lipolytic action of epinephrine but that their physiological importance cannot yet be quantitated.The technical assistance of Miss M. C. Hagney is...
Undocumented intelligence: laying low by achieving high – an ‘illegal alien’s’ co-option of school and citizenship

AbstractIn this article, I relay the irony of my own path as an ‘illegal alien’ in the US – identifying the tension between being a successful student earning straight As and accolades for good citizenship, while hiding my undocumented legal status. Drawing from the notions of race, smartness and citizenship as social constructions, I use a Chicana feminist epistemology to argue that, from early on, my schooling process taught me, intentionally or not, that academic achievement, as perceived and assessed by my school teachers and administrators, would protect me from unwarranted inquiries about my ‘illegal’ status. But beyond academic achievement, I argue that my undocumented status greatly contributed to my unofficial and ‘undocumented intelligence,’ that is, the knowledge, skills and intuition fostered by living as an undocumented person. Negotiating the process of schooling as an underground ‘good’ citizen fostered intangible skills that undergirded my ability and motivation to do well in school and to...
Radiographic manifestations of anomalies of the brain

Congenital brain anomalies are classified as developmental anomalies, effects of teratogens, errors of histogenesis, or sequelae of infections. The imaging options for delineation of these anomalies are many; a basic understanding of the disorder is central to the effective choice of imaging modality. This review begins with a brief overview of embryogenesis then reviews the common congenital brain anomalies encountered in infants.
Nuclear association states of rat uterine oestrogen receptors as probed by nuclease digestion

The solubilization of oestrogen receptors from uterine nuclei by micrococcal nuclease and deoxyribonuclease I was examined after the injection of oestradiol or Nafoxidine into castrated female rats. At 1h after an injection of oestradiol, 30% (0.18pmol/mg of DNA) of the nuclear oestrogen receptors was solubilized by 5 min of mild digestion with either nuclease. No further receptor release occurred, although DNA hydrolysis continued throughout a 20min interval. The limitation in receptor solubilization was not due to an artifact of digestion conditions or insufficient nuclease concentrations. Similar patterns of receptor solubilization and DNA hydrolysis were obtained with both nucleases whether the animals had been injected with oestradiol 1h before death or if the uteri from uninjected animals were incubated with [3H]oestradiol for 1h in vitro. When uterine nuclei were digested with these enzymes 12h after the animal was injected with oestradiol there was little change in the quantity of nuclease-sensitive sites (0.11pmol/mg of DNA); however, the quantity of nuclease-resistant sites decreased 10-fold. These values correspond quantitatively to the changes in salt-resistant and salt-extractable sites observed over a 12h interval after oestradiol treatment. Nuclease digestion of uterine nuclei obtained 16h after Nafoxidine treatment gave a pattern qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that observed 1h after oestradiol treatment, a result consistent with the agonist/antagonist action of this compound. An analysis by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation of the time course of nuclease-dependent receptor solubilization indicated that the solubilized receptors were not associated with discrete nucleosomal fragments. We believe that these data indicate that only a portion of the receptors translocated to the nucleus become associated with chromatin, and this association may occur on regions of chromatin that are preferentially susceptible to nucleolytic cleavage.
Strategies and feasibility of hypertension control in a prevalent hemodialysis cohort.

BACKGROUND: There are few data to demonstrate the feasibility of long-term blood pressure (BP) control using short dialysis sessions as practiced in the US. Control of hypertension in hemodialysis patients may reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. METHODS: Forty-two dialysis patients had BPs and weights recorded before and after dialysis for two consecutive weeks and were followed by one physician over three years. Patients were treated by ultrafiltration and conventional antihypertensive drugs and BPs were repeated at three years in the 32 survivors. RESULTS: 93% of the patients (39/42) were African-American. At inception, 85% of the patients were hypertensive with BPs of 154 +/- 23/83 +/- 14 mmHg and 137 +/- 22/74 +/- 14 mmHg pre- and post-dialysis, respectively. The response to ultrafiltration was dependent upon gender, with women having a greater BP reduction compared to men. At three-year follow-up, the BP had dropped significantly in the survivors a mean of 9.4/6.7 mmHg. Pre- and post-dialysis weights, post dialysis BP and interdialytic weight-gain were unchanged. The BP reduction was achieved by an increase in the number of antihypertensive medications from 0.91 +/- 0.86 medications to 1.41 +/- 1.16. Improved BP control did not worsen the efficiency of dialysis (Kt/V). The use of beta-blockers doubled during the period of follow-up. Compared to the USRDS average cardiovascular death rate, the risk of cardiovascular deaths was improved 80% over three years. CONCLUSION: Long-term BP reduction can be achieved through the use of antihypertensive agents and volume control in a predominantly African-American hemodialysis population. This may impact cardiovascular mortality.
Biopsy of Blastocyst

To date preimplantation diagnosis has been made in the two-eight cells embryos because these are available in IVF programs. However, most patients referred for IVF are infertile, very few undergoing IVF with the thought of preimplantation diagnosis. It may be possible that in the fertile patients, culturing to blastocysts may be a much more viable alternative.
Glycomics and glycoproteomics of membrane proteins and cell-surface receptors: Present trends and future opportunities

Membrane proteins mediate cell-cell interactions and adhesion, the transfer of ions and metabolites, and the transmission of signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior. The extracellular domains of most cell membrane proteins are glycosylated, often at multiple sites. There is a growing awareness that glycosylation impacts the structure, interaction, and function of membrane proteins. The application of glycoproteomics and glycomics methods to membrane proteins has great potential. However, challenges also arise from the unique physical properties of membrane proteins. Successful analytical workflows must be developed and disseminated to advance functional glycoproteomics and glycomics studies of membrane proteins. This review explores the opportunities and challenges related to glycomic and glycoproteomic analysis of membrane proteins, including discussion of sample preparation, enrichment, and MS/MS analyses, with a focus on recent successful workflows for analysis of N- and O-linked glycosylation of mammalian membrane proteins.
Abstract 4588: Estrogen receptor alpha mediates HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins: Induced breast cells proliferation

The association of human papillomavirus (HPV) with cervical cancer, head and neck cancer is well established, but the involvement of HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins in breast cancer is more contentious. Previous studies suggest that high risk HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins inactivate two tumor suppressor proteins p53 and pRb signaling and increase cell proliferation. There is cumulative evidence that high risk HPV 16 E6/E7 oncoproteins may have causal roles in some human breast cancers. Moreover, some studies have identified HPV DNA in breast tissue and breast cancer specimens. Nevertheless, the route of transmission of HPV in breast cells has not been determined, and the mechanisms by which HPV involvement in breast cancer are not known. We used a non-tumorigenic (MCF12A) epithelial breast cell line transfected with HPV 16 to elucidate the role of oncoproteins E6/E7 in pro-proliferative and anti-apoptotic signaling pathways. We also used Tamoxifen treatment, which is an antagonist of the estrogen receptor in breast tissues through its active metabolite, 4hydroxytamoxifen. We demonstrate that HPV E6/E7 transfection activates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) MAPK pathway and Akt/PKB kinase signaling pathways through activating estrogen receptor alpha in MCF12A cells. E6/E7 oncoproteins transfection alone dramatically increases estrogen receptor alpha protein expression. Treatment with tamoxifen, an antagonist of the ER, significantly abolishes E6/E7-increase in ERK and PKB phosphorylation without altering their protein levels, suggesting that the estrogen receptor is a key mediator of HPV E6/E7 mediated ERK and Akt/PKB activation. Our current work show an insightful understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HPV-elicited Akt/PKB activation and its roles in cell proliferation and survival in normal breast epithelial cells. Therefore, these findings indicate that HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins may promote the transforming activities of high-risk HPV E6/E7 proteins and cell proliferation in breast cells. Therefore, suppression of estrogen receptor signaling networks may be used as a therapeutic strategy for HPV associated lesions and cancers such as breast metastasis. Citation Format: Eva McGhee, Lucy Tran, Mengtao Li, Yong Wu, Seyung Chung, Cheryl Araniego, Karen Tate, Melanie Baker, Kamilah Evans, Mechelle Rouse, Jay Vadgama. Estrogen receptor alpha mediates HPV E6/E7 oncoproteins: Induced breast cells proliferation. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4588.
Cardiac-Oncology: Management of the Patient with Heart Failure After Chemotherapy

The longer mean survival of oncological patients has led to an increased incidence of chemotherapy-induced cardiomyopathy. Anthracyclines and trastuzumab are the two most commonly implicated agents. Anthracyclines cause irreversible type I cardiomyopathy, where as, trastuzumab causes a potentially reversible type II cardiomyopathy. The most important risk factors are the total cumulative dose and pre-existing cardiovascular disease. MUGA scan and transthoracic echocardiogram are the most commonly used modalities to evaluate left ventricular function. Routine screening must be performed in all patients receiving cardiotoxic drugs. Early detection and treatment is critical for improved long-term cardiovascular prognosis. Patients with cardiomyopathy should be treated with standard heart failure therapy and treatment should be initiated as early as possible. Cardiac resynchronization therapy and heart transplant are viable options for patients with advanced heart failure. There is a great need for more research in this field with goals to develop drugs and protocols with lower cardiotoxicity, which still maintain antitumor efficacy; to develop biomarkers and imaging techniques for early detection of cardiac dysfunction; and to develop better management strategies of patients with cardiomyopathy. Creation of dedicated cardiac-oncology centers is essential for an improved future in this field.
Redescription and Molecular Assessment of Relationships Among Three Species of Echeneibothrium (Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) Parasitizing the Yellownose Skate, Dipturus chilensis, in Chile

Abstract Much progress has recently been made in revising the taxonomic assignments of genera originally classified in the polyphyletic “Tetraphyllidea.” Many of these genera, including Echeneibothrium, were accommodated in the order Rhinebothriidea. However, beyond this larger taxonomic action, little work has been conducted on this genus over the past 50 yr. Consequently, the criteria used for characterizing species of Echeneibothrium have lagged behind those typically used in more modern descriptions of elasmobranch-hosted cestode taxa. A series of collecting trips to Chile to obtain cestodes from the yellownose skate, Dipturus chilensis, provided a unique opportunity to apply modern morphological and molecular methods to investigate the 3 species of Echeneibothrium reported parasitizing this skate, specifically Echeneibothrium megalosoma, Echeneibothrium multiloculatum, and Echeneibothrium williamsi. In addition to redescribing all 3 species, using morphological data from light and scanning electron m...
Predictors of Progression in Barrett’s Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia: Results from a Multicenter Prospective BE Registry

Predictors of Progression in Barrett’s Esophagus with Low-Grade Dysplasia: Results from a Multicenter Prospective BE Registry
Closing Commentary: New Strategies for Racial Equity in Education: Interest Convergence and Movement Building

The purpose of this issue of the Peabody Journal of Education is to revisit interest-convergence theory and explore new strategies for pursuing racial equity and justice in education. This issue co...
Grexit, Brexit, Fixit … The Dynamics of Division in the Age of Trump

This essay discusses the drift toward European disunion in the wake of the Athens Spring and its repression, through the Brexit vote, the French elections, and the new political context of the administration of Donald Trump. I argue that certain dynamics of division, rooted in the creditor-debtor relationship, apply both to Europe and to the United States.
Recent Advances in Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Electrode Applications

Supercapacitors represent a major technology to store energy for many applications including electronics, automobiles, military, and space. Despite their high power density, the energy density in supercapacitors is presently inferior to that of the state-of-the-art Li-ion batteries owing to the limited electrochemical performance exhibited by the conventional electrode materials. The advent of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials has spurred enormous research interest as supercapacitor electrode materials due to their fascinating electrochemical and mechanical properties. This Review discusses cutting-edge research on some of the key 2D supercapacitor electrode materials including transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxides and hydroxides, MXenes, and phosphorene. Various synthetic approaches, novel electrode designs, and microstructure tuning of these 2D materials for achieving high energy and power densities are discussed.
Neuronal Activities in the Mouse Visual Cortex Predict Patterns of Sensory Stimuli

Visual cortex forms the basis of visual processing and plays important roles in visual encoding. By using the recently published Allen Brain Observatory dataset consisting of large-scale calcium imaging of mouse V1 activities under visual stimuli, we were able to obtain high-quality data capturing simultaneous neuronal activities at multiple sub-areas and cortical depths of V1. Using prediction models, we analyzed the activity profiles related to static and drifting grating stimuli. We conducted a comprehensive survey of the coding ability of multiple cortical locations toward different stimulus attributes. Specifically, we focused on orientations and spatial frequencies (for static stimuli), as well as moving directions and speed (for drifting stimuli). By using results produced from a prediction model, we quantified the decoding performance profile at different sub-areas and layers of V1. In addition, we analyzed the interactions and interference between different stimulus attributes. The insights obtained from these discoveries would contribute to more precise and quantitative understanding of V1 coding mechanisms.
Lost in Migration: Information Management and Community Building in an Online Health Community

The ever-growing volume of information within online health communities (OHCs) presents an urgent need for new solutions that improve the efficiency of information organization and retrieval for their members. To meet this need, OHCs may choose to adopt off-the-shelf platforms that provide novel features for information management, but were not specifically designed to meet these communities' needs. The questions remain, however, as to the impact of these new platforms on social dynamics within OHCs and their well-being. To examine these questions, we qualitatively studied a migration of a popular OHC, focusing on diabetes self-management, between two off-the-shelf social computing platforms. Despite improving information management, the migration served as a catalyst to reveal the importance of features for identity management and closed circle communication that were not apparent to either the management or the membership of the community. We describe the study and draw implications for research and design for OHCs.
Non-retrieval of inferior vena cava filters as a patient safety concern: evaluation of a new process improvement project to increase retrieval rates in a vascular and interventional radiology clinic

Retrieval of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs) is important to decrease the long-term risk of complications associated with indwelling devices. Our hospital experienced low retrieval rates and implemented a low-cost intervention and evaluation for quality improvement. The working hypothesis was that a simple, mailed letter intervention could increase retrieval rates by increasing patient and primary care provider knowledge of the need for retrieval. For all prospective patients who received a retrievable IVCF during the intervention period from January 1, 2014 to February 29, 2016, patients and their primary care providers were mailed letters encouraging contact with the clinic for evaluation of eligibility for retrieval. The main outcome was retrieval of the IVCF if clinically indicated with a secondary outcome of time-to-retrieval. A pre-intervention control group from October 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013 was used to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Competing risks, time-to-event analysis was used to compare the pre- and post-intervention period retrieval rates correcting for patients who died during follow-up. Between the pre- and post-intervention periods, crude retrieval rates increased from 4.4% to 8.1% with a 12-fold change at comparable time points. The time-to-retrieval in the pre-intervention period was a mean (SD) of 503 (207) days with a median (IQR) of 505 (301–742). In the post-intervention period, time-to-retrieval was a mean (SD) of 119 (83) days and with median (IQR) of 128 (38–164) days. This low-cost intervention significantly increased retrieval rates in a single clinic. However, retrieval rates remain low and can be further improved. Ongoing interventions, including improved patient follow-up and physician education, are being implemented to further improve retrieval and use of inferior vena cava filters. Implanting clinics should implement quality improvement initiatives to improve patient care and follow-up with IVCFs to ensure retrievals occur once clinically relevant in order to minimize long-term complications.
Redesigning Residency Training: Summary Findings From the Preparing the Personal Physician for Practice (P4) Project.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The Preparing the Personal Physician for Practice (P4) project (2007 to 2014) involved a comparative case study of experiments conducted by 14 selected family medicine programs designed to evaluate new models of residency education that aligned with the patient-centered medical home (PCMH). Changes in length, structure, content, and location of training were studied. METHODS We conducted both a critical review of P4 published Evaluation Center and site-specific papers and a qualitative narrative analysis of process reports compiled throughout the project. We mapped key findings from P4 to results obtained from a survey of program directors on their top 10 "need to know" areas in family medicine education. RESULTS Collectively, 830 unique residents took part in P4, which explored 80 hypotheses regarding 44 innovations. To date, 39 papers have resulted from P4 work, with the P4 Evaluation Center producing 17 manuscripts and faculty at individual sites producing 22 manuscripts. P4 investigators delivered 21 presentations and faculty from P4 participating programs delivered 133 presentations at national meetings. For brevity, we present findings derived from the analyses of project findings according to the following categories: (1) how residency training aligned with PCMH; (2) educational redesign and assessment; (3) methods of financing new residency experiences; (4) length of training; (5) scope of practice; and (6) setting standards for conducting multisite educational research. CONCLUSIONS The P4 project was a successful model for multisite graduate medical education research. Insights gained from the P4 project could help family medicine educators with future residency program redesign.
Assessment of Tests to Determine Long-Term Durability of Wisconsin Aggregates

AbstractAggregates selected for Wisconsin transportation infrastructure must withstand harsh service conditions. In this paper, results of comprehensive statistical analyses on three sets of aggreg...
Qualitative risk assessment of cyberattacks on power systems

For almost 100 years, attacks on the electric infrastructure of a country have been identified as key vulnerabilities during times of war. Homegrown radical environmental groups and separatist movements in other countries have all waged war on the electric power system by physically attacking the infrastructure. The threat of cyberattacks has grown as telecommunication technologies are increasingly deployed as part of the electric infrastructure. This paper will discuss the risk of power grid attacks from a sociological perspective, focusing on attacks orchestrated to cause widespread blackouts rather than annoyance. In particular, this paper will describe the motivation and symbolism of historical attacks, as well as the qualitative elements of this risk, the role of the public in decision-making, and how the risk has been communicated to the public through the media.
Attitudes and Practices Regarding Responsible Beverage Service: Focus Group Discussions With Bar and Restaurant Management and Staff:

Staff and management of bars and restaurants are the key players in assuring responsible beverage service (RBS) and preventing the overservice of alcohol to intoxicated patrons. We conducted six fo...
The High Tide Raises All Ships: Middle Grades Teachers’ Perspectives on School Belonging in Early Adolescence

Middle grades students have developmental needs that are unique from those of younger children and those in late adolescence. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore how middle grades ...
Abstract 2826: Understanding associations among local microbiome, immune response, and efficacy of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer

Although Barrett’s esophagus is the primary precursor of esophageal adenocarcinoma, the annual incidence of adenocarcinoma is 0.12% in a Barrett’s esophagus population. We hypothesized that the esophageal microbiome may be associated with mucosal immunity changes that may determine subsequent carcinogenesis. To better understand the association among the local microbiota composition, immune response and progression of esophageal cancer, we performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) and bulk RNASeq in parallel, from endoscopic biopsies (n=23) collected from patients with normal squamous cell (n=9), non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus (n=8) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (n = 6). Using a novel customized computational pipeline to identify and characterize bacteria from low microbial content endoscopic samples (Zhang et al, Genome Biology, 2015). WGS analysis revealed a higher microbial diversity in normal squamous cell carcinomas compared to the non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus with high abundance of Veilonella Parvula, Prevotella melaninogenica and Streptococcus parasanguinis. Unsupervised clustering analysis of the entire data set revealed high abundance of Fusobacterium nucleatum in adenocarcinoma samples, which has been associated with a shorter survival in esophageal cancer. To characterize the immune infiltration in the mucosal biopsy samples, we defined a 784-gene immune panel. Unsupervised clustering analysis of gene expression revealed a much higher immune infiltration in most adenocarcinoma and some non-dysplastic Barrett’s compared with normal esophageal squamous tissue samples. Especially CD4+ Th1 and Th2 helper cell as well as CD8+ T cell associated immune response are highly enriched in some adenocarcinoma and non-dysplastic Barrett’s esophageal samples. To further investigate the effect of immune tumor microenvironment on efficacy of immunotherapy, we performed single cell sequencing on matching normal and tumor tissues collected at baseline and post-treatment from 6 patients subjected to anti-PD1 therapy. Using this approach, we can identify both innate and adaptive immune cells in both pre and post treatment biopsies. We specifically observe upregulation of MHCII associated cells in post-treatment biopsies. Together, our data suggest that esophageal cancers display distinct microbial patterns associated with chronic inflammation and a tumor-promoting pro-inflammatory microenvironment. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Chao Zhang, Prashant V. Thakkar, Prateek Sharma, Sreekar Vennelaganti, Doron Betel, Manish A. Shah. Understanding associations among local microbiome, immune response, and efficacy of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2826.
Abstract 1954: Tracking of orally-administered particles within the gastrointestinal tract of murine models using multispectral optoacoustic tomography

While particle carriers have potential to revolutionize disease treatment, using these carriers requires knowledge of spatial and temporal biodistribution. The goal of this study was to track orally administered particle uptake and trafficking through the murine gastrointestinal (GI) tract using multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT). Polylactic acid (PLA) particles encapsulating AlexaFluor 680 (AF680) dye conjugated to bovine serum albumin (BSA) were orally gavaged into mice. Particle uptake and trafficking were observed using MSOT imaging with subsequent confirmation of particle uptake via fluorescent microscopy. Mice treated with PLA-AF680-BSA particles exhibited MSOT signal within the small bowel wall at 1 and 6 h, colon wall at 6, 12, and 24 h, and mesenteric lymph node 24 and 48h. Particle localization identified using MSOT correlated with fluorescence microscopy. Despite the potential of GI tract motion artifacts, MSOT allowed for teal-time tracking of particles within the GI tract in a non-invasive and real-time manner. Future use of MSOT in conjunction with particles containing both protein-conjugated fluorophores as well as therapeutic agents could allow for non-invasive, real time tracking of particle uptake and drug delivery. Citation Format: Neal Bhutiani, Abhilash Samykutty, Kelly McMasters, Nejat Egilmez, Lacey R. McNally. Tracking of orally-administered particles within the gastrointestinal tract of murine models using multispectral optoacoustic tomography [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1954.
Perceived Containment among Elementary School Age Youth

There is preliminary research indicating that perceived containment, or one’s perception that adults can control one’s behavior, is associated with aggression and other problem behavior. However, more research is needed to understand the construct of perceived containment. To this end, the current study sought to assess the following aims in a sample of middle childhood-age youth: 1) Evaluate the stability of perceived containment over a 6-month period, 2) Examine whether perceived containment is associated with proactive and reactive aggression and disciplinary actions within as well as across time, and 3) Evaluate sex differences in these associations. Youth self-reports of perceived containment, teacher reports of proactive and reactive aggression, and school records of disciplinary actions at time 1 (Spring 2017) and 6 months later (Fall 2017) were collected. Findings indicated that perceived containment is stable over a 6-month period and is associated with problem behavior, most robustly disciplinary actions, but findings were not consistent across time points. At time 1, high levels of perceived containment were associated with decreased risk for disciplinary actions for girls, but not boys; no other sex differences were evident. Implications for findings and future directions are discussed.
Brain functional differences in visuo-motor task adaptation between dominant and non-dominant hand training

Although learning and adapting to visuo-motor tasks is critical to child development and health conditions requiring rehabilitation, the neural processes involved in learning a new visuo-motor task and adapting it to novel conditions such as execution with an untrained limb are not fully understood. Therefore, we trained 27 healthy, right-hand-dominant individuals aged 18–35 years to perform a multidirectional point-to-point visually rotated aiming task with a joystick during functional magnetic resonance imaging, with 13 participants learning the task with the dominant (D) and 14 with the non-dominant (ND) hand. All individuals performed the task with the trained and untrained hand before and after training. As expected, performance of both the trained and the untrained hand improved significantly over the course of task acquisition. Brain functional changes associated with adaptation to the demands of the task, and execution differed significantly between D and ND groups. In particular, the ND group showed greater recruitment of visual and motor regions (left middle occipital and left precentral gyri) than the D group during task acquisition. In addition, the D group exhibited greater recruitment of motor planning regions (left precuneus) that contribute to performance with the trained hand, even after bilateral transfer—switching from the trained to non-trained hand. The D group showed more persistence of activation in sensorimotor regions—greater activation when returning to the rotated task after a switching to a simpler, non-rotated aiming task for a short interval. Finally, the D group showed more activation after-effects—increases in simpler task activation after training on the visually rotated task. The findings suggest that brain functional changes associated with adaptation to a visuo-motor skill may differ substantially depending on whether the dominant or non-dominant hand is trained, with non-dominant-hand training associated with greater activation during acquisition, and dominant-hand training associated with greater activation during bilateral transfer, persistence, and after-effects.
Hydroxamic Acids Derivatives Induce γ Globin Gene Expression in Vivo.

We have previously shown that four hydroxamic acids: butyric and propionic hydroxamic acids, subericbishydroxamic acid (SBHA) and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) are potent inhibitors of histone deacetylase and strong inducers of fetal hemoglobin expression in vitro (Exp Hematol.31:197, 2003). In the present study we tested their effect on fetal hemoglobin synthesis in vivo . Transgenic mice carrying the human μLCR A γ construct continue to express the human γ gene in the adult stage of development ( γ/α mRNA ratio ~ 5%, Blood.77:1326, 1991). These mice were crossed to mice heterozygous for a thalassemia gene due to β globin gene deletion (PNAS.92:11608, 1995). The β thalassemia/μLCR A γ mice represent an appropriate moderately anemic animal model for testing the effects of Hb F inducers. Compounds were administered subcutaneously with a mini-osmotic pump continuously for 7days in a high and a low concentration. Concentrations were: for butyric hydroxamic acid: 500mg/kg/day/100mg/kg/day; for propionic hydroxamic acid: 500mg/kg/day/100mg/kg/day; for SAHA: 100mg/kg/day/20mg/kg/day; and for SBHA: 200mg/kg/day/40mg/kg/day. Two test groups were studied. In group 1, 70μL mice blood was drawn every other day up to 20 days; in group 2, 70μL mice blood was drawn only on days 0 and 21. Reticulocytes and F reticulocytes were measured using flow cytometry, while γ globin gene expression was quantitated by RNase protection assay. Butyric and propionate hydroxamic acids increased reticulocytes by 70.52% (from 13.96% to 23.81%) and 172.52% (from 10.34% to 28.20%) respectively. There was only small increase in reticulocytes in the mice treated with SAHA (from 13.33% to 15.36%), SBHA (from 14.24% to 16.27%) and the PBS control (11.06% to 14.11%). All the compounds increased the level of γ mRNA: butyric hydroxamate by 53.07%; propionic hydroxamate by 40.05%; SAHA by 49.87%, and SBHA by 34.05%. These results suggest first that all the hydroxamic acid derivatives we used increase fetal hemoglobin in vivo in the thalassemia animal model; second butyric and propionic hydroxanic acids are in addition inducers of in vivo erythropoiesis.
PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY REVASCULARIZATION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGHER EXERCISE CAPACITY AFTER MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a valuable tool to assess exercise tolerance and prognosis in heart failure. Limited studies have evaluated its clinical utility in patients with myocardial infarction (MI). The purpose of this study was to evaluate exercise capacity in post-MI patients
PROPENSITY STUDY ON ASSOCIATION OF THROMBOCYTOPENIA AND PROGNOSIS OF INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS

Infective endocarditis (IE) is a common and lethal diagnosis which potentially leads to multi-organ failure. The main diagnostic aid has been the Dukes criterion which has been altered over the years including and excluding several variables. National inpatient sample was used for the study.
Molecular Design of a Highly Stable Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Gel Electrolyte.

Single-ion conducting (SIC) polymer electrolytes with a high Li transference number (tLi+) have shown the capability to enable enhanced battery performance and safety by avoiding liquid–electrolyte...
The Need for Translanguaging in TESOL

In response to the multilingual turn, the field of TESOL has not yet propelled itself away from monolingual orientations despite fleeting attention to the concepts of plurilingualism and translingual pedagogy. In this chapter, we argue in favor of the merits of translanguaging for the field of TESOL, both as distinct from other popular language orientations flooding the language fields and necessary given its unique social justice-oriented practice and theoretical stance. We describe the challenges that scholars have experienced in finding traction for multilingualism in general, and translanguaging specifically, in the TESOL field and argue that these stem from ideological misrepresentations and/or from fear of disrupting the power inherent in valuing English above other languages. Our purposes are to question, uncover, and discuss resistance to the holistic support of emergent bilingual students’ and teachers’ rich language repertoires, with a particular eye towards the role of the TESOL International Association, the largest organization for English language educators, in promoting or hindering these efforts. Addressing several critiques that have surfaced in response to translanguaging, we contend that a translanguaging lens represents a paradigm shift away from prioritizing English as a second or foreign language towards recognition of emergent bilinguals’ multilingual repertoires and their fluid language practices.