cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of parvovirus B19 in the pathogenesis of giant cell arteritis: a preliminary evaluation.

Objective To determine whether parvovirus B19 DNA is more likely to be present in the temporal arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis (GCA) than in the temporal arteries of control subjects. Methods We prospectively examined temporal artery biopsy (TAB) tissue from 50 consecutive patients presenting for TAB for the presence of B19 DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinical and demographic information was obtained from the patients' medical records. A separate PCR analysis of 30 original tissue specimens was conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) using primers directed toward another target sequence in the nonstructural coding area of B19. Results The 50 patients had an average age of 70.8 years; 27 (54%) were female. Amplicons for human β-globulin, but not for cytomegalovirus, were produced for all tissue samples. The PCR results for B19 agreed in 29 of 30 samples tested by our institution and by the CDC (97% agreement; κ = 0.9). A comparison of the B19 DNA analysis and the results of TAB indicated a statistically significant association between histologic evidence of GCA and the presence of B19 DNA in TAB tissue (χ2= 10.38, P = 0.0013). Conclusion These findings suggest that B19 may play a role in the pathogenesis of GCA.
Green Tourism and the Ambiguities of Sustainability Discourse: The Case of New Orleans's Lower Ninth Ward

This paper uses a case study of the Lower Ninth Ward neighborhood in New Orleans to examine the relationships between green tourism and sustainability discourse in shaping the post-Katrina rebuilding process. Specially, we draw on long-term ethnographic field observations to highlight the tensions between abstract and idealized conceptions of sustainability and the complicated realities of uneven rebuilding and neighborhood disinvestment. We focus on changes in the tourism sector since Hurricane Katrina, the promotion of green tourism through actor Brad Pitt's Make It Right (MIR) Foundation, and the ambiguities and paradoxes of sustainability discourse. Overall, our goal is to develop a critical understanding of niche tourism in a disaster-devastated neighborhood and highlight the ways in which unspoken norms about sustainability create political-economic blind-spots to the ways in which socio-spatial inequalities, disinvestment, and entrenched social problems structure life in the city and the Lower Ninth Ward.
ARTIFICIAL DIETS FOR THE LOBSTER, Homarus americanus: A REVALUATION1

The lack of reliable artificial rations is commonly cited as a major impediment in the development of an economically viable aquaculture industry. Research efforts leading to adequate crustacean diets have been especially slow. Recent experiments carried out at the Bodega Marine Laboratory and the University of California at Davis with lobster rations serve to illustrate the problems associated with defining nutritional requirements of crustaceans. Data are presented relating shell erosion in juvenile lobsters to a nutritional deficiency. Results from additional experiments on lobster consumption patterns and on the leaching of water-soluble nutrients are related to this deficiency. The total of these experiments suggests that a revaluation of the current approach to crustacean diet development will be required before further progress can be made.
Citric Acid Aerosol As a Potential Smoking Cessation Aid

We tested the ability of a citric acid aerosol to simulate the tracheal sensations produced by cigarette smoke and to satisfy smokers' desire for cigarettes. Fifteen smokers rated puffs from their own brand of cigarette, citric acid aerosol, a low tar and nicotine cigarette, and air. To focus on tracheal perceptions and pharmacologic effects of nicotine, we equated visual, olfactory and taste cues across conditions. Subjects rated the citric acid aerosol more similar to their own brand, more desirable, and more satisfying (after a block of puffs) than control puffs of air. It was also rated equal to or better than the low tar and nicotine cigarette. Subjects own brands were rated best, although puffs of citric acid aerosol were of comparable strength and harshness. The results suggest that a nebulizer delivering citric acid in a fine mist might reduce craving for cigarettes in smokers attempting to quit and may thereby increase cessation rates.
Usefulness of computed tomography in preoperative assessment of resternotomy after ascending aortic aneurysm resection or after cardiac ventricle to pulmonary conduit insertion.

Abstract Repeat sternotomy for cardiac recuperation has the risk of life-threatening hemorrhage, the result of accidentally sectioning the cardiovascular structures behind the sternum. The mortality rate of this complication is about 37%1 Patients with ascending aortic aneurysm or right ventricle to pulmonary artery conduits are at higher risk for this complication.2 Preoperative assessment of proximity of vascular structures to the sternum can substantially decrease the mortality rate from hemorrhage by alerting the surgeon to prepare for this complication. Frontal and lateral chest radiographs and angiography are not helpful in predicting this event. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) provides excellent anatomic evaluation of the sternum and its surrounding structures.3 We describe the role of CT in predicting intraoperative injury to cardiovascular structures during repeat sternotorny.
Optical Fourier techniques for medical image processing and phase contrast imaging

This paper briefly reviews the basics of optical Fourier techniques (OFT) and applications for medical image processing as well as phase contrast imaging of live biological specimens. Enhancement of microcalcifications in a mammogram for early diagnosis of breast cancer is the main focus. Various spatial filtering techniques such as conventional 4f filtering using a spatial mask, photoinduced polarization rotation in photosensitive materials, Fourier holography, and nonlinear transmission characteristics of optical materials are discussed for processing mammograms. We also reviewed how the intensity dependent refractive index can be exploited as a phase filter for phase contrast imaging with a coherent source. This novel approach represents a significant advance in phase contrast microscopy.
E-007 Y-Stenting for the treatment of basilar apex aneurysms

Introduction Despite advances in surgical and endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms, the management of wide necked basilar tip aneurysms poses substantial treatment challenges. Y stenting, in which one stent is deployed through the side wall tines of a previously placed stent, is a feasible adjunct to coiling of these aneurysms. Case series describing this technique are small with limited follow-up. We describe our experience with the Y stent assisted, coil embolization of basilar tip aneurysms in the largest case series to date with medium term follow-up data. Methods A review of our prospectively maintained database from 2004 to 2009 was performed to assess technical factors associated with treatment, complications and radiographic follow-up of patients undergoing Y stenting for basilar apex aneurysms. Results 11 patients with wide necked basilar tip aneurysms were treated. Average follow-up was 13 months. Post-procedure surveillance was carried out by MR angiography (n=6), cerebral angiogram (n=9) or CT angiography (n=1), with several patients undergoing multiple types of radiographic follow-up. All patients’ aneurysms were completely or nearly completely (>95%) occluded at the time of treatment. No patient required retreatment. One patient suffered an asymptomatic vertebral artery dissection that required stenting and another suffered a minor stroke but recovered completely. Conclusion Y stenting is a viable treatment modality for this complex subgroup of aneurysms. Our series demonstrated the safety of this technique, with no patients suffering permanent complications. While the efficacy of Y stenting has yet to be established, medium term radiographic follow-up suggests durable results.
A Cobalt Requirement for Symbiotic Growth of Azolla filiculoides in the Absence of Combined Nitrogen

Cobalt was shown to be essential for the symbiotic growth of Azolla filiculoides and Anabacna azollac in the absence of fixed nitrogen. Addition of 0.01 μg/liter cobalt resulted in large increases in yield, chlorophyll content and nitrogen fixation as compared to control cultures without cobalt. Cobalt was not required for the growth of Azolla when nitrate nitrogen was supplied. The number of Anabaena azollae cells in the fronds of Azolla appeared to be decreased by ommission of cobalt from the culture medium containing nitrate nitrogen. It is concluded that cobalt is essential for the symbiotic growth of Azolla in the absence of combined nitrogen and it is suggested that the cobalt requirement is associated with the growth of Anabaena azollae.
Morphogen Gradients: Limits to Signaling or Limits to Measurement?

In Drosophila embryos, a concentration gradient of nuclear Dorsal protein controls pattern formation along the dorsal-ventral axis. Recent quantitative studies agree on the temporal dynamics of the gradient, but disagree on its spatial limits.
REE geochemistry of oldhamite-dominated clasts from the Norton County aubrite: Igneous origin of oldhamite

Abstract Oldhamite-dominated lithic clasts represent a new igneous lithology of the aubrite parent body. They contain single crystals of oldhamite up to 2 cm in size, with inclusions of ferromagnesian alabandite, troilite, daubreelite, caswellsilverite, and Fe,Ni metal; they are usually in intimate contact with a silicate portion consisting of enstatite, forsterite, and/or plagioclase. Textural evidence for igneous origin includes apparent primary igneous grain boundaries between oldhamite and forsterite, coarse grain size, and the presence of round, droplet-like Mn-Fe-Mg-Cr-Na sulfide inclusions within oldhamite which appear to represent an immiscible sulfide liquid. We propose that the oldhamite-dominated lithology formed during the melting and fractionation of enstatite chondrite-like precursor material and represents a locally CaS-rich facies. During melting, two mutually immiscible sulfide liquids—a Ca sulfide and a Mg-Fe-Mn-Cr-Na sulfide—formed in the silicate magma. Upon cooling, the immiscible Sulfides crystallized, forming large oldhamite crystals containing inclusions of Mn-Fe-Mg-Cr-Na-bearing sulfides; forsterite, enstatite, and plagioclase crystallized from the surrounding silicate melt. At subsolidus temperatures, tiny ferromagnesian alabandite crystals exsolved from oldhamite. REE abundances in oldhamite are high (about 200 × CI ), but REE patterns are nearly identical within single crystals and from clast to clast, indicating equilibrium conditions. High REE abundances have been cited as evidence that oldhamite grains in aubrites are nebular relics. However, we find it difficult to imagine that the rather homogeneous REE patterns of oldhamite in the oldhamite-dominated lithology of Norton County are not the result of equilibration of the REEs with a silicate melt during formation of the igneous aubrites through parent body melting, differentiation, fractionation, and cooling, where peak temperatures of around 1450–1500°C must have been reached. We conclude that oldhamite in the oldhamite-dominated lithology of Norton County is of igneous origin and that its REE abundances were established by equilibration with the aubrite silicate melt.
Improving Integrated Project Team Interaction Through Virtual (3D) Collaboration

Abstract:To shrink the cost and protracted length of total system and product development life cycles (DLCs), many organizations (including the U.S. military) have moved away from serial to concurrent collaboration through the use of cross-functional, integrated project/product teams (IPTs). In addition and more recently, a growing number of commercial organizations are using life-size three-dimensional (3D) virtual collaborative environments (VCEs). These information systems-based, project-orientated enabling technologies provide individuals and IPTs with views almost as realistic as full-scale physical prototypes, and offer the capability to rapidly change perspectives to view the outside, inside, top, and underside of large and small synthetic product models. In this article we identify some VCE advantages, application areas, and success factors and research issues for those planning on venturing into and using VCEs. We also provide a basis and answer to a central research question asked: Do 3D VCEs pr...
Thermogravimetric Measurements in an Electroynamic Balance

An Electrodynamic Thermogravimetric Analysis (EDTGA) Instrument has been developed for the study of kinetics of gas-solid reactions and phase transformations of levitated particles at high temperature. The levitated particles may be heated with a focused laser beam and their temperature and weight monitored during the process. The particles that can be studied are, approximately, 10 to 150 microns in diameter and it is aimed to produce temperature pulses comparable to those encountered in plasma torches and reactors. The instrumentation implemented in the system permits the measurement and or control of relative temperature, weight change, and energy flux to the particle with a time resolution of less than one millisecond. Selected results obtained from pulse heating aluminum oxide and silicon dioxide are presented.
The chromosomes ofMarmosa fuscata thomas, from northern Venezuela (Marsupialia, Didelphidae)

Los cromosomas deMarmosa fuscata (subgeneroMarmosops), estudiados por cultivo de tejidos en base a 4 individuos de la Cordillera de la Costa en el norte de Venezuela, resultaron diferir de los deMarmosa robinsoni solo en el quinto y sexto par de autosomas, metacentricos en la primera y subtelocentricos en la segunda especie. Con todo, se encuentran mayores diferencias entre los cariotipos de estas 2 especies que entre los deM. robinsoni yCaluromys derbianus.
The Orlicz centroid inequality for star bodies

Lutwak, Yang and Zhang established the Orlicz centroid inequality for convex bodies and conjectured that their inequality can be extended to star bodies. In this paper, we confirm this conjecture.
Independent inhibition of IL 2 synthesis and cell proliferation by anti-Ia antibodies in mixed lymphocyte responses to Mls.

Whole anti-I region antisera and monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies are capable of totally inhibiting the response of murine spleen cells to the non-H-2 Mls alloantigens. This inhibition was shown to be highly specific for the appropriate Ia and operative at the level of the stimulator cell. Both cell proliferation and interleukin (IL 2) production were inhibited; however, the inhibition of cell proliferation was not due only to the inhibition of IL 2 production and the inhibition of IL 2 production was not solely due to the inhibition of IL1 production. We propose that both the IL 2-producing cell and the proliferating cell need to “see” an intact Ia+ cell and perhaps Ia antigens in association with Mls determinants to respond.
A layered approach to simplified access control in virtualized systems

In this work, we show how the abstraction layer created by a hypervisor, or virtual machine monitor, can be leveraged to reduce the complexity of mandatory access control policies throughout the system. Policies governing access control decisions in today's systems are complex and monolithic. Achieving strong security guarantees often means restricting usability across the entire system, which is a primary reason why mandatory access controls are rarely deployed. Our architecture uses a hypervisor and multiple virtual machines to decompose policies into multiple layers. This simplifies the policies and their enforcement, while minimizing the overall impact of security on the system. We show that the overhead of decomposing system policies into distinct policies for each layer can be negligible. Our initial implementation confirms that such layering leads to simpler security policies and enforcement mechanisms as well as a more robust layered trusted computing base. We hope that this work serves to start a dialog regarding the use of mandatory access controls within a hypervisor for both increasing security and improving manageability.
Management and art views of Depression era workers: The need for an organizational-arts perspective

Abstract Sometimes an historical approach can help in understanding a vexing question like why artists seemingly had a lot to say about US workers’ experience during the Depression era (1930–41) but management thinkers and business leaders did not. Searching for an answer prompted this investigation into the need for an organizational-arts perspective.Collected images from movies, the visual arts, and dramas revealed insights into the human condition at work whereas a review of the thinking of management scholars and practitioners at the time showed little attention to workers’ perceptions or feelings.These findings support the value of an organizational studies approach that takes history seriously, and recognizes that an arts and organizational aesthetics perspectives can provide primary knowledge.
Grain size, texture, and crystallinity in lanthanum monosulfide thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition

Abstract We report a detailed investigation of the growth of lanthanum monosulfide (LaS) thin films by pulsed laser deposition on (001) magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates in a background of H 2 S for the purpose of optimizing their crystallinity, texture, and grain size. A variety of films were grown while varying the laser repetition rate, the temperature of the substrate, and the partial pressure of H 2 S. The thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Films grown at 500 °C with a H 2 S background pressure of 3.4 × 10 − 4 Pa and a laser repetition rate of 8 Hz produced the LaS film with the largest grains whose size averaged 293 nm. The XRD pattern of these films revealed that their orientation was predominantly (200). AFM images of the surface of these films showed large plate-like grains. This contrasts with the fine grain structure observed in LaS films grown at a lower substrate temperature and lower H 2 S pressure.
Beyond 'Poverty Reduction through Good Governance': The new political economy of development in Africa

The new political economy of development, characterised by the rising powers' new resource finds in many poor countries and the financial crisis, has driven development ideas and practices towards a paradigm shift, moving it beyond the post-Washington Consensus which marked the high point of development's ‘Poverty Reduction through Good Governance’ agenda. This has important implications for the extent to which developing countries remain governed by the institutional and ideological imperatives of development. Optimists suggest that this could herald a new era of sovereignty that enables African countries to take fuller control of their governance and development priorities, including a shift towards a ‘southern consensus’ around structural transformation, whilst pessimists argue that the hegemony of orthodox development ideas has only been partially reordered and that new problems of sovereignty are now emerging. Insights from Uganda suggest that both of these scenarios are currently unfolding, leaving ...
Analysis of three overexpression systems for VanX, the Zinc(II) dipeptidase required for high-level vancomycin resistance in bacteria.

Abstract The gene from Enterococcus faecilis encoding the dipeptidase VanX was subcloned into overexpression vectors pET-5b, pET-27b, and IMPACT-T7, and VanX was overexpressed in BL21(DE3) pLysS Escherichia coli. The pET-5b-vanx overexpression plasmid produces VanX at ∼12 mg/L under optimum conditions. VanX produced from this overexpression system exists primarily as a dimer in solution, binds ca. 1 Zn(II) ion per monomer, and exhibits Km and kcat values of 500 ± 40 μM and 0.074 ± 0.001 s−1, respectively, when l -alanine-p-nitroanilide is used as substrate. The IMPACT-T7-vanx overexpression plasmid produces a VanX-fusion protein with a chitin-binding domain that allows for purification of the fusion construct with a chitin column. Cleavage of the fusion protein is completed by an on-column chemical cleavage, resulting in ∼10 mg/L of purified VanX. VanX produced from this system is identical to that produced from the pET-5b system, except the CD spectrum of the IMPACT-T7-produced VanX suggests a small change in secondary structure. This change in secondary structure does not affect any of the kinetic or metal-binding properties of the enzyme. The pET-27b-vanx overexpression plasmid produces and secretes VanX into the growth medium; this system allows for 20 mg of VanX to be isolated per liter of growth medium. The pET-27b-produced VanX is identical to that produced from pET-5b.
SERUM 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D (1,25-(OH) 2 D) LEVELS IN CHILDHOOD RENAL DISEASE

The renal 1α-hydroxylation of vitamin D yields 1,25-(OH)2 D, the hormonally active form of the vitamin. Serum levels are markedly reduced in uremic children with demineralization and osteodystrophy (Chesney et al Am J Dis Child 134:135,1980). Using a precise assay, we have measured serum 1,25-(OH)2 D in 27 children with various glomerular (n=15) and tubular (n=12) diseases, not treated with steroids which reduce 1,25-(OH)2D (Chesney et al Lancet II,1123,1978). Serum was obtained in the fasting state on usual diet. Levels were compared to age-matched controls (2-16 yr) and in terms of creatinine clearance using the Schwartz formula based on height and serum creatinine. Patients with clearances >50 ml/min have values not different from normal; from 25-50 ml/min (mean 32) have significant reduction compared to controls (p<.01) and below 25 ml/min have greatly reduced values (p<.001). This data suggests that defective production of 1,25-(OH)2D3 begins at ≃ 35 ml/min/1.73M2 and may be important in the high incidence of osteodystrophy found in children.
Impact of ambulatory, family-focused teamwork intervention on glycemic control in youth with type 1 diabetes.

Abstract Objective To evaluate an ambulatory, family-focused intervention aimed at optimizing glycemic control, minimizing diabetes-related family conflict (DFC), and maintaining quality of life in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Study design We randomly assigned 105 children and adolescents, 8 to 17 years of age, with T1DM for ≤6 years, to a family-focused teamwork (TW) intervention or to standard multidisciplinary diabetes care (SC). Patients in both study groups were seen at 3- to 4-month intervals and were followed prospectively for 1 year. Measures of family involvement in diabetes tasks, DFC, and quality of life were performed at baseline and after 1 year. Hemoglobin A1c was measured at each visit. Results Patients (n = 100) completed follow-up, (50 in TW and 50 in SC). At entry, A1c was 8.4% ± 1.3% in TW and 8.3% ± 1.0% in SC. After 1 year, A1c was 8.2% ± 1.1% in TW compared with 8.7% ± 1.5% in SC (P
Traumatic events and alcohol use disorders among American Indian adolescents and young adults

This study examined the relationship between severe traumatic events and alcohol use disorders in American Indian adolescents and young adults. Interviews of 432 adolescents and young adults who were enrolled tribal members living on or near two closely related American Indian reservations were used. Results indicated that severe trauma increased the odds of alcohol use disorders (p <.001), with the number of traumas having a dose-dependent effect. The authors conclude that trauma is associated with alcohol use disorders in this population. This study's findings yield important insights into the risks in American Indian adolescents and young adults that may result from early trauma, as well as implications for the timing and possible settings for intervention.
Evidence for the Association between Abdominal Fat and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese African American Women

Objective: To determine the association between total body fat and abdominal region fat derived from dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in middle- to older-aged African American (AA) women. We also compared tape-measured waist and hip circumference and their ratio (WHR) with DXA measurements in the context of CVD risk factor predictability.Methods: Participants included 59 overweight or obese African American women (age, 48.7 ± 5.6 years). Anthropometries, including waist and hip circumferences, were measured, and DXA scans were used to derive fat mass from the total body and abdominal region. Blood analyses included glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL and LDL/HDL ratios, C-reactive protein (CRP), and fibrinogen. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the association among DXA-derived fat mass measures, waist circumf...
Occupational and environmental mercury exposure among small-scale gold miners in the Talensi–Nabdam District of Ghana's Upper East region

Mercury use in small-scale gold mining is ubiquitous across Ghana but little is known about the extent to which such activities have contaminated community residents and miners. Here, occupational exposures to elemental mercury (via urine sampling) and dietary exposures to methylmercury (via hair sampling) were assessed among 120 participants recruited from a mining community located in the Talensi-Nabdam District of Ghana's Upper East region during summer 2009. More than one-fifth of the participants had moderately high levels of urinary mercury (>10μg/L) and 5% had urine mercury levels that exceeded the WHO guideline value of 50μg/L. When participants were stratified according to occupation, those active in the mining industry had the highest mercury levels. Specifically, individuals that burned amalgam had urine mercury levels (median: 43.8μg/L; mean ± SD: 171.1±296.5μg/L; n=5) significantly higher than median values measured in mechanical operators (11.6μg/L, n=4), concession managers/owners (5.6μg/L, n=11), excavators that blast and chisel ore (4.9μg/L, n=33), individuals that sift and grind crushed ore (2.2μg/L, n=47), support workers (0.5μg/L, n=14), and those with no role in the mining sector (2.5μg/L, n=6). There was a significant positive Spearman correlation between fish consumption and hair mercury levels (r=0.30) but not with urine mercury (r=0.18) though further studies are needed to document which types of fish are consumed as well as portion sizes. Given that 200,000 people in Ghana are involved in the small-scale gold mining industry and that the numbers are expected to grow in Ghana and many other regions of the world, elucidating mercury exposure pathways in such communities is important to help shape policies and behaviors that may minimize health risks.
Phototransduction in mouse rods and cones

Phototransduction is the process by which light triggers an electrical signal in a photoreceptor cell. Image-forming vision in vertebrates is mediated by two types of photoreceptors: the rods and the cones. In this review, we provide a summary of the success in which the mouse has served as a vertebrate model for studying rod phototransduction, with respect to both the activation and termination steps. Cones are still not as well-understood as rods partly because it is difficult to work with mouse cones due to their scarcity and fragility. The situation may change, however.
Consanguineous marriage and early childhood mortality in an Amish settlement

Abstract This paper examines the effect of inbreeding as a direct measure of consanguinity on early childhood mortality. Data are from a church directory of the Old Order Amish of the Lancaster, PA, settlement. The sample includes all infant deaths and a probability sample of survivors (total N = 1,823). We find that inbreeding has a net positive effect on neonatal and infant deaths and on the instantaneous hazard rate. However, we also find socioeconomic and other explanations, even in this population, likely to experience certain genetically transmitted defects associated with infant mortality.
The progression of chronic tuberculosis in the mouse does not require the participation of B lymphocytes or interleukin-4

The aging process is associated with alterations in the immune system. Some of the changes reported are an increase in the proportion of B lymphocytes, and a shift to a TH2-like cytokine environment. It has been hypothesized that the development of immunopathology within the lung during tuberculosis is linked to increased interleukin-4 (IL-4) production. In addition, a role for B cells in maintaining granuloma integrity has been recently proposed. This study investigated the role of B cells and IL-4 during the long-term course of chronic tuberculosis in mice and showed that the course of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in the lungs was not influenced by the absence of B lymphocytes or the TH2 cytokine IL-4.
SLEEP PATTERNS OF NEWBORN INFANTS UNDER PHOTOTHERAPY

Sleep tracings were made of 24 full-term infants on the 2nd or 3rd day of life, using a Beckman Accutrace FEG. There were 9 control infants (Group I) and 15 infants undergoing phototherapy (Group II). FFG tracinos were made 30-60 min. after feeding, for 1 hr. The mean sleep-time recorded for Group I was 24.4 min., and for Group II 24.3 min. Phototherapy lights and eye shields were kept on during EEG tracings of Group II infants. Distinct, and statistically significant (p= 400 sec., in Gp. II infants, whereas REM periods rarely exceeded 120 sec. in Gp. I infants. Active sleep predominated under phototherapy whether or not REM was present, but quiet sleep was present about 30% of the sleep-tine tested in controls. Rather than inhibiting REM sleep and consequent CNS protein synthesis, phototherapy appears to promote it.
Field Demonstration of the Surfactant/Foam Process for Aquifer Remediation

The first field demonstration of the surfactant/foam process for removal of DNAPL from a heterogeneous alluvial aquifer was conducted during the spring of 1997 at Hill Air Force Base in Utah. The surfactant solution was designed to mobilize and solubilize the contaminant, which was located in the lowest part of the aquifer. During the demonstration, air was injected to form an in situ "foam" in the zones of highest permeability, the purpose being to divert surfactant solution to zones of lower permeability and thereby improve the efficiency of the removal process, as compared to continuous surfactant injection without foam generation. The process was successful in reducing the average DNAPL saturation of the swept pore volume to 0.03%.
Kinematics of AWM and MKW Poor Clusters

We have measured 1365 redshifts to a limiting magnitude of R ~ 15.5 in 15 AWM/MKW clusters and have collected another 203 from the literature in MKW 4s, MKW 2, and MKW 2s. In AWM 7 we have extended the redshift sample to R ~ 18 in the cluster center. We have identified 704 cluster members in 17 clusters; 201 are newly identified. We summarize the kinematics and distributions of the cluster galaxies and provide an initial discussion of substructure, mass and luminosity segregation, spectral segregation, velocity-dispersion profiles, and the relation of the central galaxy to global cluster properties. We compute optical mass estimates, which we compare with X-ray mass determinations from the literature. The clusters are in a variety of dynamical states, reflected in the three classes of behavior of the velocity-dispersion profile in the core: rising, falling, or flat/ambiguous. The velocity dispersion of the emission-line galaxy population significantly exceeds that of the absorption-line galaxies in almost all of the clusters, and the presence of emission-line galaxies at small projected radii suggests continuing infall of galaxies onto the clusters. The presence of a cD galaxy does not constrain the global cluster properties; these clusters are similar to other poor clusters that contain no cD. We use the similarity of the velocity-dispersion profiles at small radii and the cD-like galaxies' internal velocity dispersions to argue that cD formation is a local phenomenon. Our sample establishes an empirical observational baseline of poor clusters for comparison with simulations of similar systems.
The dushinsky effect in resonance Raman spectroscopy

Abstract The effect of normal-coordinate rotation on resonance Raman excitation profiles and depolarization dispersion curves is investigated theoretically for two nontotally symmetric modes of the same symmetry.
Safety and efficacy of sorafenib therapy in patients with metastatic kidney cancer with impaired renal function

Purpose Sorafenib is an oral Raf kinase inhibitor, approved for the treatment of advanced renal cancer. Clinical investigation of the safety and feasibility of sorafenib therapy in patients with impaired renal function was performed in this study.
Locomotor activity increases produced by intrahippocampal and intraseptal atropine in rats.

Abstract Increases in locomotor activity were produced by intrahippocampal and intraseptal application of crystalline atropine sulfate. The correlation of positive effects with anatomical location suggested that the activity increases were not due to widespread diffusion of the drug. Cannulas that opened into the lateral ventricle produced less activity increase than cannulas well placed in the hippocampus or medial septal area. The data support the suggestion of a septo-hippocampal site of action of atropine and are consistent with the hypothesis of a cholinergic inhibitory system anatomically located in the septo-hippocampal complex.
Heart rate variability in cocaine-exposed newborn infants

Abstract Background Infants born to cocaine-using mothers have a 3- to 8-fold increase in sudden infant death syndrome. Its underlying cause, in part, may be attributed to abnormal autonomic function. We proposed to study heart rate variability, reflecting autonomic control of the heart, in cocaine-exposed infants. Methods From 1997 to 2000, we studied 217 asymptomatic, term infants, of whom 68 had intrauterine cocaine exposure (group I). Their data were compared with infants exposed to drugs other than cocaine (group II, n=77) and no drugs (group III, n=72). Twenty-four-hour heart rate variability was measured within 72 hours of birth. Results Cocaine-exposed infants, as compared with the 2 control groups, had an overall significant decrease ( P Conclusions Decreased heart rate variability was seen in cocaine-exposed infants. Whether low heart rate variability is a marker for increased risk of sudden death in infants (as it is in adults with structural heart disease) is unknown and requires further investigation. (Am Heart J 2001;142:828-32.)
Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Neuroglobin’s Neuroprotection

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is an oxygen-binding globin protein that has been demonstrated to be neuroprotective against stroke and related neurological disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of Ngb's neuroprotection remain largely undefined. Mitochondria play critical roles in multiple physiological pathways including cell respiration, energy production, free radical generation, and cellular homeostasis and apoptosis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is widely involved in the pathogenesis of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases. Accumulating evidence showed that elevated Ngb level is associated with preserved mitochondrial function, suggesting that Ngb may play neuroprotective roles through mitochondria-mediated pathways. In this paper we briefly discuss the mitochondria-related mechanisms in Ngb's neuroprotection, especially those involved in ATP production, ROS generation and scavenging, and mitochondria-mediated cell death signaling pathways.
Jaswant Singh. Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence. (Oxford, 2010)

Jaswant Singh. Jinnah: India, Partition, Independence. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. 550 pp. Jaswant Singh's informative and well-told biography of Muhammad Ali Jinnah sheds m...
Substance abuse and withdrawal in the intensive care unit. Contemporary issues.

Because 36% of intentional injury victims are drug dependent, the association between drug abuse and violence, especially in urban settings, is high. Withdrawal syndromes in ICU patients confuse their clinical management, may be extremely difficult to diagnose, are often lethal, need to be suspected, and should be prophylaxed against; therefore, all ICU patients should be considered to be at high risk for drug or alcohol dependence, should be tested for evidence of such drugs, and should be interviewed (together with their family members) for the presence of drug dependence traits. Appropriate patients should be referred for formal evaluation and treatment. Withdrawal syndromes must be promptly recognized, differentiated from traumatic or metabolic deterioration, and immediately treated. As patients are unique, so is their drug dependence. Individualized withdrawal therapy, not a "one method fits all" approach, works best. The mainstay of most withdrawal therapy is supportive care and benzodiazepine therapy. Also, considering the high rate of multiple intoxicants present in trauma patients, withdrawal can occur from multiple agents in a single patient, further compounding these difficulties. Withdrawal from unusual substances, such as GHB, or from therapeutic interventions (e.g., prolonged opioid or benzodiazepine administration) also must be considered.
Use of the nitrile oxide cycloaddition (NOC) reaction for molecular probe generation: a new class of enzyme selective histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) showing picomolar activity at HDAC6.

A series of hydroxamate based HDAC inhibitors containing a phenylisoxazole as the CAP group has been synthesized using nitrile oxide cycloaddition chemistry. An HDAC6 selective inhibitor having a potency of ∼2 picomolar was identified. Some of the compounds were examined for their ability to block pancreatic cancer cell growth and found to be about 10-fold more potent than SAHA. This research provides valuable, new molecular probes for use in exploring HDAC biology.
Optical stochastic cooling for RHIC using optical parametric amplification

We propose using an optical parametric amplifier, with a $\ensuremath{\sim}12\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ wavelength, for optical-stochastic cooling of $^{79}\mathrm{Au}$ ions in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. While the bandwidth of this amplifier is comparable to that of a Ti:sapphire laser, it has a higher average output power. Its wavelength is longer than that of the laser amplifiers previously considered for such an application. This longer wavelength permits a longer undulator period and higher magnetic field, thereby generating a larger signal from the pickup undulator and ensuring a more efficient interaction in the kicker undulator, both being essential elements in cooling moderately relativistic ions. The transition to a longer wavelength also relaxes the requirements for stability of the path length during ion-beam transport between pickup and kicker undulators.
Hemisphere lateralization for cognitive processing of geometry

Abstract A 54-item cross-modal visuo-tactile test involving geometrical discriminations in Euclidean, affine, projective and topological space (plane and 3-dimensional) was administered to 7 subjects with commissurotomy, 2 with hemispherectomy, 1 with agenesis of corpus callosum, and to 5 normal controls. Using blind manual stereognosis subjects selected one of a choice of three shapes, screened from sight, that best fitted a set of five different geometrical forms presented together on a panel in free vision. An intuitive apprehension of geometrical relations was involved that did not require formal training in geometry. Findings support a consistent minor hemisphere superiority and disclose orderly differences in left hemisphere capabilities correlated with the different types of geometry.
Organic metals: conducting complexes of poly(2,5-thienylene sulphide) and poly(2,5-thienylene selenide)

Exposure of highly purified samples of the new polymers poly(2,5-thienylene selenide)(PTSe) and poly(2,5-thienylene sulphide)(PTS) to arsenic pentafluoride afforded a conducting complex (0.12 S/cm) from PTSe but only a moderately conducting complex(ca. 10–5 S/cm) from PTS, a result which is in direct contrast to the behaviour of poly(p-phenylene selenide) and poly(p-phenylene sulphide) upon similar treatment.
On the development of noise-producing large-scale wavelike eddies in a plane turbulent jet

The paper studies the development of large-scale wavelike eddies in a two-dimensional turbulent jet, extending earlier work on the mixing region (Liu, 1974). The basic mean flow developes from one of mixing-region type with an initially specified boundary-layer thickness into a fully developed jet. This study brings out the role of the varicose and sinuous modes as they develop in a growing mean flow. In general, it is found that, for a given frequency parameter, the varicose mode has a shorter streamwise lifetime than the sinuous mode. For lower frequencies, the latter persists past the end of the potential core only to become subject to dissipation by the enhanced fine-scale turbulent activity in that region.
Brillouin-scattering studies of a sodium silicate glass in solid and melt conditions at temperatures up to 1000°C

By using the sapphire-glass-sapphire sandwich-glass-assemblage Brillouin-scattering technique, the velocities of shear and longitudinal modes of a sodium silicate glass have been measured as a function of temperature up to 1000 {degree}C. A turning point was found at the strain point (494 {degree}C) but not at the softening point (720 {degree}C). Combined with the results of the 90{degree}- and 180{degree}-scattering-geometry measurements, the refractive index ({ital n}) of the glass as a function of temperature was also determined. As a result, independent criteria for both the strain and softening points are suggested.
Dynamic 6DOF metrology for evaluating a visual servoing system

In this paper we demonstrate the use of a dynamic, six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF) laser tracker to empirically evaluate the performance of a real-time visual servoing implementation, with the objective of establishing a general method for evaluating real-time 6DOF dimensional measurements. The laser tracker provides highly accurate ground truth reference measurements of position and orientation of an object under motion, and can be used as an objective standard for calibration and evaluation of visual servoing and robot control algorithms. The real-time visual servoing implementation used in this study was developed at the Purdue Robot Vision Lab with a subsumptive, hierarchical, and distributed vision-based architecture. Data were taken simultaneously from the laser tracker and visual servoing implementation, enabling comparison of the data streams.
Reduced nicotine distribution from mother to fetal brain in rats vaccinated against nicotine: Time course and influence of nicotine dosing regimen

Nicotine is a teratogen in rats and possibly in humans. Vaccination against nicotine is being studied as a possible treatment for nicotine dependence. The safety of maternal vaccination against nicotine during or prior to pregnancy is not known. In this study, female rats were vaccinated and then administered acute or chronic nicotine during pregnancy at doses simulating nicotine exposure in smokers. Maternal vaccination reduced nicotine distribution to both maternal brain (44-47%) and fetal brain (17-39%) for up to 25 min after a single maternal nicotine dose administered on gestational day (GD) 20, but had a smaller effect on nicotine distribution to brain after continuous nicotine infusion. Nicotine distribution to maternal or fetal brain after repeated nicotine bolus doses was reduced immediately following an individual dose in vaccinated rats, but the chronic accumulation of nicotine in fetal brain was not altered. Nicotine distribution to whole fetus, in contrast to fetal brain, was generally not altered by vaccination. Nicotine-specific antibody concentration in fetal serum was 10% that of maternal serum, and in fetal brain was <1% of maternal serum. Although nicotine transfer to the whole fetus was not reduced by vaccination, protein binding data suggest that nicotine-specific antibody transferred from mother to fetus served to bind nicotine in fetal serum, reduce the unbound nicotine concentration, and thereby reduce nicotine distribution to fetal brain. These data comment on the safety of vaccination against nicotine during pregnancy, and suggest that vaccination may reduce the distribution of nicotine to fetal brain under some nicotine dosing conditions.
Guest Editorial - Special Issue on Sediment Acoustic Processes: Part III

The six papers in this third of a three-part special issue are devoted to sediment acoustic processes.
Evaluation of hepatic fibrosis with portal pressure gradient in rats

MRI has the potential of providing a noninvasive assessment of liver pathology. This work introduces a portal pressure gradient (PPG) model derived from fluid mechanics, where the PPG is proportional to the average velocity and inversely proportional to the vessel area in the upper part of portal vein. Using a phase-contrast spoiled gradient echo sequence, the PPG model was verified in a phantom study and was tested in an animal study using 35 rats with various degrees of hepatic fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)). Histological examination was conducted to determine the severity of hepatic fibrosis. The fibrosis score monotonically increased with the duration of CCl(4) treatment. The PPG was highly correlated with nonzero fibrosis scores (r(2) = 0.90, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference between control and cirrhosis groups (P < 0.0006, alpha < 0.0018). The difference between control and fibrosis (noncirrhosis) groups (P < 0.002, alpha < 0.006) was also significant. Without the administration of any contrast agent, the MRI-PPG approach shows promise as a noninvasive means of evaluating liver fibrosis.
Double nodal rhythm with A-V dissociation.

Abstract 1.1. Three cases of what appear to be double nodal rhythm are presented. The diagnosis is based upon A-V dissociation, inverted P waves in Leads II, III, and aV F , and the demonstration of a supraventricular pacemaker for the ventricles. The exact differentiation between the inverted P waves of a nodal pacemaker and those of a low atrial pacemaker or sinus pacemaker with aberrant intra-atrial conduction cannot be made in the presence of A-V dissociation. 2.2. One case is of particular interest because the two abnormal rhythms appeared in the course of digitalis intoxication.
Impact flash: a tool for rapid battle damage assessment

The U. S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) is investigating visible and infrared impact flash signatures of kinetic energy and other munitions. The effort has two phases; one examines the detailed spectral and photometric characteristics of flash from controlled impacts at indoor ranges and is intended to provide a detailed, systematic database about impact signatures, while the second gathers similar impact signatures of U.S. rounds striking potential opponents’ vehicles in the field. In both cases, the signatures are subsequently correlated with high-speed photography and the physical damage created. The results indicate that with minor modifications of basic KE rounds, flash signatures may have the potential to reveal who fired a round and whether it struck, penetrated, or even perforated the target.