cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lubricant Supply Pressure on SFD Performance: Ends Sealed with O-rings and Piston Rings

A well-designed SFD must deliver enough damping to aid in decreasing rotor amplitudes of motion. Piston rings (PRs) and O-rings (ORs) are commonly used as end seals in dampers for commercial and military gas turbine engines, respectively. The paper details dynamic load tests conducted on a short length SFD (L/D = 0.2) sealed with either (a) PRs or (b) ORs and the experimentally estimated damping and inertia force coefficients. Lubricant (ISO VG2) flows thru one feedhole at the land middle plane with supply pressure increasing from 0.7 bar(g) to 6.2 bar(g). In the PR-SFD, oil leaves the film land through the rings’ abutted ends making a slit. The OR-SFD effectively seals any leakage; hence, lubricant flows out through a discharge hole at a location halfway of the film (upper) land length. Multiple sets of single frequency (10 Hz–100 Hz) dynamic loads produced circular centered orbits with amplitude (r) equal to 30% of the radial clearance. For both PR-SFD and OR-SFD, the viscous damping coefficient diminishes quickly as the lubricant supply pressure drops below 3 bar(g). The added mass coefficient, on the other hand, remains nearly constant for the PR-SFD and slightly increases for the OR-SFD. The OR-SFD delivers ~10% more viscous damping than the PR-SFD albeit it demands of a larger flow rate. Analysis of the recorded film dynamic pressures shows their peak-peak magnitude increases with whirl frequency. However, operation at the lowest oil supply pressure, 0.7 bar(g), generates film peak pressures not increasing as the excitation frequency rises, thus evidencing the presence of air ingestion and entrapment, as vividly shown by recorded film dynamic pressure waves, in particular for the PR-SFD.
Yellow nail syndrome with chylothorax after coronary artery bypass grafting

Yellow nail syndrome is a rare condition considered secondary to functional anomalies of lymphatic drainage. Yellow nail syndrome is diagnosed through the triad of intrathoracic findings (30% being pleural effusions), nail discoloration, and lymphedema, with any two features sufficient for diagnosis. We report the second case of post-operative yellow nail syndrome. After coronary artery bypass grafting, our patient presented with chylothorax on post-operative day 13 and yellow toenail discoloration on post-operative day 28, diagnosing yellow nail syndrome. Initial conservative management with pigtail catheter drainage and low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides reduced chylous drainage from 350 mL/day on post-operative day 14 to < 100 mL/day on post-operative day 17. However, by post-operative day 18, drainage returned to 350 mL/day that persisted despite attempts to readjust the catheter position, replacement of catheter with chest tube, and transition to total parenteral nutrition and octreotide while nil per os. Lymphangiogram on post-operative day 32 did not identify the thoracic duct or cisterna chyli, precluding embolization. Talc and doxycycline pleurodeses performed on post-operative days 33 and 38, respectively, resolved his chylothorax and nail discoloration. Both yellow nail syndrome and chylothorax as a complication of coronary artery bypass grafting are rare entities. The proposed mechanism of post-operative chylothorax is iatrogenic injury to thoracic duct or collateral lymphatic vessels. Diagnosing yellow nail syndrome in patients with post-operative chylothorax (through co-existing yellow nail discoloration and/or lymphedema) may suggest predisposition to impaired lymphatic drainage, portending a difficult recovery and potentially indicating need for surgical management.
Tykes, Toddlers, Teens, and Twins of Robust Mothers: Do the Offspring of Twinning Mothers Share in Their Mother's Robust Phenotype?

Women who bear twins may possess a robust phenotype compared to non-twinning mothers. We examine mortality patterns for the singleton offspring of mothers of twins compared to the offspring...
Noncoded Amino Acids in de Novo Metalloprotein Design: Controlling Coordination Number and Catalysis.

ConspectusThe relationship between structure and function has long been one of the major points of investigation in Biophysics. Understanding how much, or how little, of a protein’s often complicated structure is necessary for its function can lead to directed therapeutic strategies and would allow one to design proteins for specific desired functions. Studying protein function by de novo design builds the functionality from the ground up in a completely unrelated and noncoded protein scaffold. Our lab has used this strategy to study heavy and transition metal binding within the TRI family of three stranded coiled coil (3SCC) constructs to understand coordination geometry and metalloenzyme catalytic control within a protein environment. These peptides contain hydrophobic layers within the interior of the 3SCC, which one can mutate to metal binding residues to create a minimal metal binding site, while solid phase synthesis allows our lab to easily incorporate a number of noncoded amino acids including d e...
A three-dimensional dementia model reveals spontaneous cell cycle re-entry and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype.

Abstract A hexanucleotide repeat expansion on chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) is associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and a subpopulation of patients with sporadic ALS and frontotemporal dementia. We used inducible pluripotent stem cells from neurotypic and C9orf72+ (C9+) ALS patients to derive neuronal progenitor cells. We demonstrated that C9+ and neurotypic neuronal progenitor cells differentiate into neurons. The C9+ neurons, however, spontaneously re-expressed cyclin D1 after 12 weeks, suggesting cell cycle re-engagement. Gene profiling revealed significant increases in senescence-associated genes in C9+ neurons. Moreover, C9+ neurons expressed high levels of mRNA for CXCL8, a chemokine overexpressed by senescent cells, while media from C9+ neurons contained significant levels of CXCL8, CXCL1, IL13, IP10, CX3CL1, and reactive oxygen species, which are components of the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Thus, re-engagement of cell cycle-associated proteins and a senescence-associated secretory phenotype could be fundamental components of neuronal dysfunction in ALS and frontotemporal dementia.
Barbed sutures reduce arthrotomy closure duration and suture utilisation compared to interrupted conventional sutures for primary total hip arthroplasty: a randomised controlled trial.

Introduction:The broad aim of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of using barbed sutures and running closure versus interrupted placement of standard of care sutures for closure of t...
Endorepellin evokes an angiostatic stress signaling cascade in endothelial cells.

Endorepellin, the C-terminal fragment of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan, influences various signaling pathways in endothelial cells by binding to VEGFR2. In this study, we discovered that soluble endorepellin activates the canonical stress signaling pathway consisting of PERK, eIF2α, ATF4, and GADD45α. Specifically, endorepellin evoked transient activation of VEGFR2, which, in turn, phosphorylated PERK at Thr980. Subsequently, PERK phosphorylated eIF2α at Ser51, upregulating its downstream effector proteins ATF4 and GADD45α. RNAi-mediated knockdown of PERK or eIF2α abrogated the endorepellin-mediated up-regulation of GADD45α, the ultimate effector protein of this stress signaling cascade. To functionally validate these findings, we utilized an ex vivo model of angiogenesis. Exposure of the aortic rings embedded in 3D fibrillar collagen to recombinant endorepellin for 2–4 h activated PERK and induced GADD45α vis a vis vehicle-treated counterparts. Similar effects were obtained with the established cellular stress inducer tunicamycin. Notably, chronic exposure of aortic rings to endorepellin for 7–9 days markedly suppressed vessel sprouting, an angiostatic effect that was rescued by blocking PERK kinase activity. Our findings unravel a mechanism by which an extracellular matrix protein evokes stress signaling in endothelial cells, which leads to angiostasis.
Individual Effects of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs: How Prescriber Information Targets Misusers While Preserving Access for Treatment of Legitimate Pain

All US states have implemented Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs), state-level databases that track patient prescription histories of controlled substances. The programs afford new information to doctors, who can use the databases to identify which of their patients are using opioids legitimately and which patients are likely drug-seeking in order to misuse their prescriptions. This paper combines claims-level data from three insurance sources (employer-sponsored, Medicare and Medicaid) to identify the effects of the optional-access PDMP on opioid prescription amounts within individuals over time in the context of a difference-in-differences framework. The aggregate effectiveness of the optional-access PDMP varies across insured populations, but greatly reduces opioid amounts dispensed through Medicaid, likely due to differing compositions of opioid use and misuse within the employer-insured, Medicare and Medicaid populations. Individual-level evidence shows that optional-access PDMPs successfully target the opioid users who display behavior that may indicate opioid misuse, and cause their prescribed opioid amounts to fall by 20-40%.
The Year in Review: Economics at the Antitrust Division, 2006–2007

This paper covers the activities of the Economic Analysis Group (EAG) of the Antitrust Division, U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ), during 2006–2007. It describes the economic analysis undertaken by EAG in several important investigations, appellate matters, international matters, and other activities as an advocate for competition. [Because information from investigations is often confidential and because in some of the matters discussed one of the authors was recused, the facts are only those that are publicly available. In cases where one author was recused, the other was responsible for the discussion.]
Frequency-dependent analytic models for scattering off finite half planes

Established theories of wave scattering off points and infinite reflectors have limitations for many problems encountered in wave propagation. Our goal is to extend acoustic scattering theory towards a model that not only describes conventional scattering but also the less idealized case of scattering off finite objects. We develop an analytic object-centric forward frequency domain model of the signal at the receiver. The expression is explicitly parameterized in terms of medium and finite object properties that explicitly incorporates frequency-dependence. Our construction uses perturbation theory and integrates over effective point sources along the object surfaces that acts as finite half planes. From this, we derive closed-form expressions using integral approximation methods; and we also determine frequency, material and geometry conditions under which the conventional theories and associated operators apply. We utilize limiting cases to guide and test our model. The model also provides nontraditional extensions of reflection theory, e.g., for sources with spherical radiation patterns. The unified treatment of the continuum of wave phenomena is not only important theoretically but may also be useful in frequency-based object-centric estimation, array optimization and designing signal processing and acquisition schemes.
Timeliness via Speculation for Real-Time Databases*

Various concurrency control algorithms differ in the time when conflicts are detected, and in the WQY they are resolved. Pessimistic (PCC) protocols detect conflicts as soon as they occur and resolve them using blocking. Optimistic (OCC) protocols detect conflicts ai transaction commit time and resolve them using rollbacks. For real-time databases, blockages and rollbacks are hazards that increase the likelihood of transactions missing their deadlines. We propose a Speculative Concurrency Control (SCC) technique that minimizes the impact of blockages and rollbacks. SCC relies on added system resources to speculate on potential serialization orders, ensuring that af such serialization orders materialize, the hazards of blockages and roll-backs are minimized. We present a number of SCC-based algorithms that differ in the level of speculation ihey introduce, and the amount of system resources (mainly memory) they require. We show the performance gains (in terms of number of satisfied timing constraints) to be expected when a representative SCC algorithm (SCC-2s) is adopted.
Mapping Surface Water Extent in Mainland Alaska Using VIIRS Surface Reflectance

Surface water is crucial to ecosystems in Alaska. Precisely mapping the dynamic surface water extent in this region is required by a wide range of environmental studies. However, most existing inundation products cannot reveal the distribution of surface water in mainland Alaska at high spatiotemporal scales. To bridge this gap, this study developed a framework to generate subpixel surface water fraction (SWF) maps from the 8-day VIIRS surface reflectance composites at the 1 km resolution through a random forest regression. Assessment of map accuracy resulted in an r2 value of 0.839 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 12.17%. With the adoption of a proper terrain shadow preprocessing procedure and more training samples in rugged terrain, the developed framework can be easily extended to produce accurate time-series SWF maps over the entire Arctic-Boreal region on a weekly basis, particularly during the summer season.
Summary and Evaluation Dynamic Relations between the Man and the Movement of Life and Thought and Culture

To try now to capture, in a summary view, something of the dynamic relations that existed between Lord Kames’s life, work and thought and the cultural movement known as the Scottish Enlightenment, we may recall first his biographer’s statement, previously cited in part, to the effect that his life history was “so intimately connected with every species of improvement, whether of an intellectual or a political nature, that took place in Scotland during his age” as to make it in reality necessary, in order to give an adequate account of it, “not only to delineate the life of an individual Lawyer, Philosopher, Political Economist and Critic; but to exhibit the moral and political character of the Times in which he lived and to detail the progress of the Literature, Arts, Manners and General Improvement of Scotland during the greater part of the eighteenth century.” 1
Facts, Fancies, and Frames: Crafted Talk and the Limits of Threat Inflation

The apparent success of the Bush administration’s aggressive campaign in 2002-2003 to build public support for an invasion of Iraq has reheated fears about the president’s ability to manipulate the public. Scholars have offered three types of explanation for why threat inflation was successful in changing public attitudes in the case of Iraq. The dominant explanation, what I call the “facts” model of threat inflation, focused on the Bush administration’s use of misinformation and exaggeration to lead the public into believing the Iraq WMD threat was greater and more urgent than it really was. The public, in turn, used that misinformation to make an instrumental calculation about the costs and benefits of war, resulting in greater support for the war than would have been the case had the public received more accurate information. A second explanation, the “frames” model, argues that the key to successful threat inflation was the administration’s ability to frame the invasion of Iraq as part of the war on terror. By framing Iraq in that way the administration was both able to play on fears of terrorism to accentuate the threat of Iraqi WMD and also to justify the war morally as self-defense.A final explanation suggested that a critical element of threat inflation was the president’s effort to play on nationalist and moral biases of the American public. By making repeated mention of Iraq’s “rape rooms,” Saddam Hussein’s use of torture and chemical weapons against his own people, and the oppressive nature of the Iraqi “regime,” for example, Bush was able to evoke emotional rather than logical responses. The result was that many Americans felt both a heightened sense of threat from Iraq and a heightened desire to punish Iraq for its evil crimes. This paper investigates the methods by which the president might use crafted talk to build public support for an attack against Iran. Drawing on these three theoretical perspectives and building on extant poll data regarding Iran, I create a series of experimental crafted talk stimuli (in the form of newspaper stories) that seek to maximize public support the use of force against Iran. This approach complements the existing literature on crafted talk and threat inflation, much of which is historical and case study based. An experimental approach allows us to compare explicitly the impact of different approaches to public support and to examine the interactive effects of facts, fancies, and frames. From a more practical perspective, the experiments are not very different from the process the White House goes through when trying to create a winning communication strategy. As such this work gives us a sense of what to expect with respect to potential support for a war with Iran.
Budesonide Inhalation Powder: A Review of Its Pharmacologic Properties and Role in the Treatment of Asthma

Budesonide inhalation powder, available as Pulmicort Turbuhaler, is a corticosteroid with a high ratio of local to systemic effects that is administered to treat persistent asthma. The Turbuhaler achieves lung deposition approximately twice that of a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) with or without a spacer device. Budesonide inhalation powder has clinical efficacy equivalent to that of fluticasone and beclomethasone, but it has lower systemic bioavailability and fewer systemic side effects. As with other inhaled corticosteroids, dysphonia and oral candidiasis are the most frequent adverse effects, and systemic effects are infrequent. The initial starting dosage is 200 microg (1 puff) twice/day and may be increased to 800 microg twice/day in adults or 400 microg twice/day in children. Patients prefer the Turbuhaler to the MDI, Diskhaler, and Rotahaler because it is easier to use and more convenient to carry.
Analysis of TCP transient behavior and its effect on file transfer latency

In this paper we present a Markov chain for TCP congestion avoidance phase. With this model we are able to analyze congestion window behavior as a discrete-time stochastic process and distinguish between window transient period and steady state. Using this result we are able to obtain more accurate estimate of TCP latency over lossy links compared to existing models. We then simplify the proposed model and show that the transient period evolves with an exponential rate. Our results are validated using NS2 simulation and show significant improvement in latency estimate for a wide range of file sizes.
Flocculation of serum lipoproteins with cyclodextrins: Application to assay of hyperlipidemic serum

We describe the complexation of isolated and native lipoproteins by natural macrocyclic polymers of glucose ("cyclodextrins"). Treatment of serum with cyclodextrin produces an immediate flocculation of the lipoproteins. The formation of cyclodextrin-lipoprotein complexes was evident on agarose electrophoresis gels. The concentration-dependent ability of alpha-cyclodextrin to precipitate chylomicrons and very-low-, low-, and high-density lipoproteins was used for clarifying lipemic serum. Results for normal and lipemic patients' specimens for some routinely measured analytes showed a good correlation between cyclodextrin treatment and ultracentrifugation. Unlike the use of organic solvents or ultracentrifugation, the proposed system provides a simple, mild, non-hazardous, and effective means for removing interfering lipid particles from biological specimens.
RESPIRATORY PATHWAYS IN THE MYCOPLASMA I. Lactate Oxidation by Mycoplasma Gallisepticum

Smith, S. L. (Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.), P. J. Van Demark, and J. Fabricant. Respiratory pathways in the Mycoplasma. I. Lactate oxidation by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. J. Bacteriol. 86:893–897. 1963.—Resting cells of Mycoplasma gallisepticum 293 required the addition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, thiamine pyrophosphate, and flavine mononucleotide for the maximal rate of sodium lactate oxidation. Inhibitor studies, as well as spectrophotometric and chemical assays, indicate that the pathway of electron transport to oxygen during lactate oxidation does not involve heme catalysts, and is mediated by flavin-linked enzyme systems. The presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-specific lactic dehydrogenase, menadione reductase, ferricyanide reductase, and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide oxidase activities was detected in cell-free extracts. No cytochrome c reductase or reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide peroxidase activity was detected in these extracts.
Multi-scale network traffic prediction using k-factor Gegenbauer ARMA and MLP models

Summary form only given. High-speed network traffic prediction is an essential step in building effective preventive congestion control schemes. This paper addresses the problem of high-speed network traffic prediction at different timescales. We propose a two-stage mixture model where the first stage includes two individual models, namely k-factor Gegenbauer ARMA (GARMA) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). The k-factor GARMA captures the short- and long-range dependency, whereas the MLP captures the nonstationarity. The second stage combines the two forecasts to enhance the prediction accuracy and merge the traffic characteristics captured by the individual models. Four different combination schemes are investigated. They are averaging, Karmarker's linear programming algorithm, MLP combiner and fuzzy neural network. The performance is tested on four different real traffic data, MPEG video, JPEG video, Ethernet and Internet. The problem of one-step-ahead traffic prediction at different timescales is considered. The results indicate that the proposed two-stage mixture model outperforms the individual models. The results also show that the prediction performance depends on the traffic nature and the considered timescale.
Development of Takayasu Arteritis Despite Existing Treatement of Etanercept and Questionable Paradoxical Effect: Case Report and Review of Literature

Although glucocorticoids are the standard treatment in patients with Takayasu arteritis, significant data suggest that etanercept, as well as other anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF) agents, are effective in refractory cases. We report what we believe to be the first case in literature in which a patient who was on active treatment of etanercept for psoriatic arthritis, developed Takayasu arteritis. Although this case report is not intended to conflict with the previous data that support the beneficial role of ant-TNF agents in the treatment of Takayasu arteritis, it does show that a certain patient might still develop Takayasu arteritis despite being on active treatment of etanercept. We also cannot conclude from this case that Takayasu arteritis was triggered by etanercept. However, such a possibility remains in question. doi:10.4021/jmc2w
Normative psychomotor vigilance task performance in children ages 6 to 11—the Tucson Children’s Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA)

Although the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is commonly used in sleep and other research settings, normative data for PVT performance in children have not been published. This report presents normal PVT performance measures among children without a sleep disorder participating in the Tucson Children’s Assessment of Sleep Apnea (TuCASA) study. TuCASA is a community-based, prospective study of sleep-disordered breathing in Caucasian and Hispanic children ages 6 to 11 years. A standard 10-min PVT trial was completed by 360 participants—48% female and 36% Hispanic; mean age 8.9 years. Detailed analyses were performed for 162 children with respiratory disturbance indices <1 and no parent-reported sleep problems. Mean and median reaction times (RT) decreased with increasing age (p trend < 0.001). Children ages 6 and 11 had median RTs of 544.24 and 325.70 ms, respectively. Standard deviations in RTs also decreased with increasing age (p trend = 0.001), as did lapses (p trend < 0.001), but no trend was apparent in total errors. There were statistically significant (p = 0.006) differences in the performance of boys and girls. Gender differences were greatest at age 6, where boys had shorter RTs, and decreased with age until performance was approximately equal by age 11. No ethnic differences were detected. Children’s PVT performance improves with age and differs by gender. These differences should be considered when the PVT is utilized in pediatric populations.
The consultant's role in project management

One of the strengths of the consultancy industry is that it is project oriented, able to manage the growth and decay of project teams and the processing and dissemination of the large volume of information generated by all the participants. The paper describes the ways in which a project is distinct from an ongoing enterprise, the tasks of the project manager and the strains that a major project places on the resources within the owner's organisation. The paper identifies a number of parties to a project, both those directly and indirectly involved, and relates the capability of consultants to meet present-day circumstances.
Physical Examination Education in Graduate Medical Education—A Systematic Review of the Literature

OBJECTIVES There is widespread recognition that physical examination (PE) should be taught in Graduate Medical Education (GME), but little is known regarding how to best teach PE to residents. Deliberate practice fosters expertise in other fields, but its utility in teaching PE is unknown. We systematically reviewed the literature to determine the effectiveness of methods to teach PE in GME, with attention to usage of deliberate practice.
Achieving speedups for APL on an SSIMD parallel computer

This paper contains a summary of the results presented in [GS87]. In [GS87] the potential for speeding up APL by using an idealized non-shared memory parallel computer was investigated. APL's dyadic, reduction, and subscript operators were simulated on a 4-connected mesh SIMD parallel computer. The findings support the thesis that parallelism can speedup a majority of "typical" APL programs and not just those programs that are especially suited to parallelization. APL requires no sophisticated compilation techniques like Paraphase and PFC, because the operators in APL are inherently parallel.
Reference Knowledge and Skills for the School Library Media Specialist: An Emphasis on Advocacy

This article discusses the role of the K-12 librarian as a teacher-librarian, highlighting the self-advocacy that school library media specialists often needs to exercise in promoting themselves as equal partners in the education process. Through a strong grounding in reference and instruction, such as that offered in one online school library media specialist certification program, school library media specialists will be prepared to be their own advocates and thus generate support from colleagues, including teachers, administrators, trustees, and parents. With a strong grounding in reference and instruction, they will be prepared to collaborate with teachers and contribute to the educational experience of the students while ensuring the future of the profession.
Pharmacokinetics of Continuous Infusion Morphine Sulfate (MS) in Conscious Newborn Piglets 355

Pharmacokinetics of Continuous Infusion Morphine Sulfate (MS) in Conscious Newborn Piglets 355
Effects of oil dispersants on photodegradation of pyrene in marine water

This work investigated effects of a popular oil dispersant (Corexit EC9500A) on UV- or sunlight-mediated photodegradation of pyrene (a model polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) in seawater. The presence of 18 and 180mg/L of the dispersant increased the first-order photodegradation rate by 5.5% and 16.7%, respectively, and reduced or ceased pyrene volatilization. By combining individual first-order rate laws for volatilization and photodegradation, we proposed an integrated kinetic model that can adequately predict the overall dissipation of pyrene from seawater. Mechanistic studies indicated that superoxide radicals played a predominant role in pyrene photodegradation, and the dispersant enhanced formation of superoxide radicals. 1-Hydroxypyrene was the main intermediate regardless of the dispersant, suggesting that electrons were transferred from excited pyrene to oxygen. In the presence of 18mg/L of the dispersant, the photodegradation rate increased with increasing ionic strength and temperature, but decreased with increasing HA concentration, and remained independent of solution pH. The results are important in understanding roles of oil dispersants on environmental fate of persistent oil components in natural and engineered systems.
Tensile creep and microstructural characterization of bulk Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu lead-free solder

The microstructural and creep behavior of bulk 63SnPb37 and the Pb-free solder alloy Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu are reported and compared. The Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloy showed much lower absolute creep rates than 63SnPb37. The size and distribution of the intermetallic compound (IMC) coarsened with increasing creep temperature. A number of coarsened precipitates of Cu6Sn5 segregate around β-Sn grain boundaries. After creep at 80°C and 115°C. the β-Sn particles in the Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloy are strongly aligned at approximately 45° to the uniaxial tension, parallel to the maximum shear-stress planes. The powerlaw-defined stress exponent significantly increases with increasing stress in both the 63Sn37Pb and Sn3.9Ag0.6Cu alloys; therefore, the Dorn model is unsuitable for these materials over large stress and temperature ranges. Both sets of experimental data were successfully fit with the present power-law stress-dependent energy-barrier model and the Garofalo model. However, the application of the present power-law stress-dependent energy model resulted in a significantly lower estimated variance as compared to the Garofalo model.
Applications of social science theory to fisheries management: Three examples

Abstract Funding support, and the realization by fishery managers that social science research has much to offer in the management process, have combined to create a framework for important research activity in recent years. This paper describes three projects of varying breadth, depth, and scope in which social scientific scholarship has both theoretical and applied value. The first project was a research effort in which funding first allowed for the construction of an appropriate theoretical model and hypotheses, and then supported the research, application, and evaluation. The second project illustrates how available theory and methods can be adapted to the solution of a basic problem in fisheries management, namely how to involve those who are affected by policies and regulations in the formation of those policies and regulations. The third project addresses the issue of conflict of fisheries management and locates marine resource conflicts within a larger conceptual context. This is also an area in w...
The effect of 6-aminodopamine on electrical self-stimulation in rats.

Abstract The compound 6-aminodopamine is a powerful CNS catecholaminergic neurotoxin. Small dosages of 6-aminodopamine injected intraventricularly markedly depress electrical self-stimulation rates in rats. This 6-aminodopamine treatment produced whole brain lowering of norepinephrine to ca . 50% of normal while the dopamine content was unchanged The possible use of 6-aminodopamine treatment to elucidate the relative roles of norepinephrine and dopamine pathways is discussed.
Active deception model for securing cloud infrastructure

The proliferation of cloud computing over the past several years has led to a variety of new use cases and enabling technologies for enterprise and consumer applications. Increased reliance on cloud-based platforms has also necessitated an increased emphasis on securing the services and data hosted within those platforms. From a security standpoint, an advantage of cloud platforms over traditional production networks is that they have a dynamic, mutable structure that can change as a result of a variety of factors, so reconnaissance on the part of an attacker is far less predictable. In this work, we propose a novel technique that leverages the amorphous nature of cloud architectures to deceive and redirect potential intruders with decoy assets implanted among production hosts. In this way, attackers encounter and probe decoys that lead them to reveal their motives and cause them to be less likely to compromise their intended target, particularly once they have revealed their tactics against decoy assets. We show that our technique, after having been exposed to live traffic for approximately one month, detected 1,255 highly malicious hosts and was able to divert 97.5% of malicious traffic from these hosts. This traffic would have otherwise reached production hosts and potentially led to compromise. Index terms Intrusion Deception, Cloud Computing, Information Security, Network Decoys, Honeynets
In vitro evaluation of an intraluminal solution to attenuate effects of ischemia and reperfusion in the small intestine of horses.

Objective—To evaluate the efficacy of intraluminal administration of a customized solution during low-flow ischemia and reperfusion in the jejunum of horses. Sample Population—Segments of jejunum obtained from 13 healthy adult horses. Procedure—In isolated segments of jejunum maintained in an extracorporeal circuit, arterial flow was reduced to 20% of baseline for 40 minutes (ischemia) followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. In 2 groups, a customized solution (concentrations, 12.5 and 25%, respectively) was placed in the lumen prior to lowflow ischemia and maintained during reperfusion. The control group received intraluminal lactated Ringer's solution for the same duration. Various metabolic, hemodynamic, histologic, and permeability variables were recorded. Results—The 12.5% solution resulted in less histomorphologic injury and reduced mucosal permeability to albumin, compared with the 25% solution and the lactated Ringer's solution. Morphologic injury and permeability were reduced in tissues that receiv...
CFD spinoff - Computational electromagnetics for radar cross section (RCS) studies

A finite-volume discretization procedure derived from proven CFD methods is used to solve the conservation form of the time-domain Maxwell's equations, in order to compute EM scattering from layered objects. This time-domain approach handles both single-frequency/continuous wave and broadband-frequency/pulse incident excitation. Arbitrarily shaped objects are modeled by means of a body-fitted coordinate transformation; complex internal/external structures with many material layers are treated through the implementation of a multizone framework capable of handling any type of zonal boundary condition. Results are presented for various two- and three-dimensional problems.
The Structural Basis of Localizing Polo-Like Kinase to the Flagellum Attachment Zone in Trypanosoma brucei

The polo-like kinase in the deep branching eukaryote Trypanosoma brucei (TbPlk) has many unique features. Unlike all the other polo-like kinases known to associate with the nucleus and controlling both mitosis and cytokinesis, TbPlk localizes to the flagellum attachment zone (FAZ) and regulates only cytokinesis in T. brucei. TbPlk was, however, previously found capable of complementing all the multiple Plk (Cdc5) functions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, indicating that it has acquired all the functions of Cdc5. In the present study, Cdc5 tagged with an enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) localized exclusively in the FAZ of T. brucei, suggesting that the unusual localization and limited function of TbPlk are probably attributed to the particular environment in T. brucei cells. Structural basis for the FAZ localization of TbPlk was further investigated with TbPlk and TbPlk mutants tagged with EYFP and expressed in T. brucei. The results indicated that a kinase-inactive mutant N169A and a TbPlk mutant with the entire kinase domain (KD) deleted both localized to the FAZ. Substantial association with FAZ was also maintained when one of the two polo-boxes (PB1 or 2) or the linker region between them was deleted from TbPlk. But a deletion of both polo-boxes led to a complete exclusion of the protein from FAZ. All the deletion mutants retained the kinase activity, further indicating that the TbPlk kinase function does not play a role for FAZ localization. The two polo boxes in TbPlk are most likely instrumental in localizing the protein to FAZ through potential interactions with certain FAZ structural component(s). A putative cryptic bipartite nuclear targeting signal was identified in TbPlk, which was capable of directing TbPlk into the nucleus when either the kinase activity was lost or the PB1 was deleted from the protein.
Accuracy evaluation of unsteady CFD numerical schemes by vortex preservation

Numerical uncertainty is an important but sensitive subject in computational fluid dynamics and there is a need for improved methods to quantify calculation accuracy. A known analytical solution, a Lamb-type vortex unsteady movement in a free stream, is compared to the numerical solutions obtained from different numerical schemes to assess their temporal accuracies. Solving the Navier-Stokes equations and using the standard Linearized Block Implicit ADI scheme, with first order accuracy in time second order in space, a vortex is convected and results show the rapid diffusion of the vortex. These calculations were repeated with the iterative implicit ADI scheme which has second-order time accuracy. A considerable improvement was noticed. The results of a similar calculation using an iterative fifth-order spatial upwind-biased scheme is also considered. The findings of the present paper demonstrate the needs and provide a means for quantification of both distribution and absolute values of numerical error.
Increasing stability of the continuation for the Maxwell system

In this paper, we obtain bounds showing increasing stability of the continuation for solutions of the stationary Maxwell system when the wave number k is growing. We reduce this system to a new system with the Helmholtz operator in the principal part and use hyperbolic energy and Carleman estimates with k-independent constants in the Cauchy problem for this new system. We consider the continuation onto the convex hull of the surface with the Cauchy data. Hyperbolic energy estimates suggest an existence of increasing (with k) subspaces, where the solution of the Cauchy problem is Lipschitz stable disregard of any (pseudo) convexity assumptions.
A new low incidence red blood cell antigen, Pe.

. A new low incidence red cell antigen (Pe), and its identifying IgG antibody are described. The antigen is destroyed by enzymes and is absent from serum, urine, saliva, and platelets. The Pe gene frequency is estimated to be less than 0.0003, and the Pe locus does not appear to be linked to Rh or Fy, nor carried by the X or Y chromosomes. The clinical significance of this antibody remains to be determined.
Conductive polypyrrole via enzyme catalysis.

Laccase catalyzes the polymerization of pyrrole into a conducting polymer using dioxygen as the terminal oxidant. This finding is significant, because it identifies an enzymatic route, and thus an environmentally benign method, for preparing a technologically important polymer. In addition, the rate of oxidation of pyrrole increases when the redox molecule, ABTS [2,2‘-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)], is included in a reaction medium that contains laccase. This increase in rate occurs because laccase catalyzes the oxidation of ABTS to ABTS•. In addition to laccase, the biocatalytically generated ABTS• oxidizes pyrrole to its corresponding radical cation to yield polypyrrole. Moreover, oxidation of pyrrole by ABTS• regenerates ABTS for subsequent biocatalytic turnover. Including ABTS in the reaction medium has two important consequences for the final product: (a) The reaction proceeds rapidly enough to form polymeric films instead of oligomeric precipitates, and (b) ABTS remains within the p...
Disparities in mortality rates among US infants born late preterm or early term, 2003-2005.

The purpose of this study was to identify disparities in neonatal, post-neonatal, and overall infant mortality rates among infants born late preterm (34–36 weeks gestation) and early term (37–38 weeks gestation) by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality. In analyses of 2003–2005 data from US period linked birth/infant death datasets, we compared infant mortality rates by race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality among infants born late preterm or early term and also determined the leading causes of death among these infants. Among infants born late preterm, infants born to American Indian/Alaskan Native, non-Hispanic black, or teenage mothers had the highest infant mortality rates per 1,000 live births (14.85, 9.90, and 11.88 respectively). Among infants born early term, corresponding mortality rates were 5.69, 4.49, and 4.82, respectively. Among infants born late preterm, singletons had a higher infant mortality rate than twins (8.59 vs. 5.62), whereas among infants born early term, the rate was higher among twins (3.67 vs. 3.15). Congenital malformations and sudden infant death syndrome were the leading causes of death among both late preterm and early term infants. Infant mortality rates among infants born late preterm or early term varied substantially by maternal race/ethnicity, maternal age, and plurality. Information about these disparities may help in the development of clinical practice and prevention strategies targeting infants at highest risk.
Decisions at the End of Life: Guided by Communities of Patients

To guide treatment decisions for incompetent patients who have no advance directives, health care institutions should look to the preferences of their own communities of patients. That is the best way to ensure that incompetent patients' wishes will be followed.
Airfoil aerodynamics in icing conditions

Methods of analyzing and experimentally measuring the effect of ice accretion on airfoil sections are presented. Empirical and analytical methods for predicting airfoil performance degradation due to ice are discussed. Ice simulation techniques for aerodynamic testing are presented and compared to data with actual ice accretions. The results show that simulation techniques to imitate the effect of ice on airfoil performance work well in most cases. Comparisons between predicted and measured airfoil performance with ice accretions are presented. For rime ice cases, the predictions compared well with experiments; but for glaze ice, a need for improved methods are seen.
STABILITY ANALYSIS OF THE CRITICAL PATH IN PROJECT ACTIVITY NETWORKS

Abstract The critical path method is the most widely used tool for project management and requires time estimates for duration activities. A linear programming formulation is proposed for determining a critical path (CP). While the proposed approach requires a time estimate for each activity duration, it provides the manager with the allowable simultaneous independent, or dependent changes of the estimates that will preserve the current CP.
Technical Note---A Pure Birth Model of Optimal Advertising with Word-of-Mouth

A stochastic, dynamic model of advertising, which incorporates both advertising and word-of-mouth effects, is formulated. The time between the acquisition of new customers is assumed to be random. The distribution of the time until the firm obtains a new customer depends upon the rate of advertising expenditures and upon a word-of-mouth parameter. The problem of choosing the rate of advertising expenditures so as to maximize long-run expected profit is formulated as a continuous-time Markov decision chain. The impact of changes in various parameters of the model on optimal advertising decisions is studied.
A reductionist approach to a course on programming languages

The Programming Languages course is often a critical turning point in an undergraduate education where students begin to think more abstractly about programming languages and the design paradigms that use them. Traditional approaches to presenting this material often fail to achieve a number of important goals. We present an approach to Programming Languages that uses a single demonstration language (Scheme) and a collection of fundamental building blocks to study a variety of programming paradigms.
Ectopic right atrial rhythms: Experimental and clinical data

Abstract In 18 out of 25 canine hearts studied with bipolar plunge electrodes, ectopic right atrial (RA) beats were observed occurring (1) spontaneously, (2) during vagal stimulation, (3) after destruction of the sinus node, and (4) during ventricular pacing. In these beats the RA appendage was activated first, followed by Bachmann's bundle, sinus node, left atrial appendage, posterior left atrium, and proximal coronary sinus. This sequence was consistently reproduced by pacing through the RA appendage recording electrode. In addition, 19 electrocardiograms exhibiting normal P waves in the extremity leads and inverted P waves in V 1 to V 4 were subjected to vectorial analysis which indicated the superoanterior RA as the pacemaker site. Conversion of these rhythms to sinus rhythm or vice versa was demonstrated. It is suggested that this human arrhythmia represents a counterpart of RA ectopic activity observed in the intact canine hearts.
The effects of age on skeletal muscle and the phosphocreatine energy system: can creatine supplementation help older adults

Creatine supplementation has been found to significantly increase muscle strength and hypertrophy in young adults (≤ 35 yr) particularly when consumed in conjunction with a resistance training regime. Literature examining the efficacy of creatine supplementation in older adults (55-82 yr) suggests creatine to promote muscle strength and hypertrophy to a greater extent than resistance training alone. The following is a review of literature reporting on the effects of creatine supplementation on intramuscular high energy phosphates, skeletal muscle morphology and quality of life in older adults. Results suggest creatine supplementation to be a safe, inexpensive and effective nutritional intervention, particularly when consumed in conjunction with a resistance training regime, for slowing the rate of muscle wasting that is associated with aging. Physicians should strongly consider advising older adults to supplement with creatine and to begin a resistance training regime in an effort to enhance skeletal muscle strength and hypertrophy, resulting in enhanced quality of life.
Quantification of tryptophan catabolites from Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in vitro

Abstract 1. 1. Catabolites of tryptophan formed by Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in vitro were measured by gas liquid chromatography and radiotracer techniques. 2. 2. Indole-3-pyruvic acid was detected in incubates along with the previously detected catabolites indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-ethanol (tryptophol). 3. 3. Oxaloacetic acid and α-ketaglutaric acid serve as amino group acceptors for tryptophan transamination, but pyruvic acid does not. 4. 4. The procedures employed should prove useful in examining the significance of the pathway to T.b. gambiense and in determining if the pathway contributes to the pathogenesis of African trypanosomiasis.