cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Maintaining trustworthiness of service compositions

We present a model for managing the trustworthiness of Web services involved in service compositions. We introduce the propagation of reputation information throughout the composition to aid all the services involved, in making informed decisions regarding the selection of their respective component services. In decreasing/increasing service reputations, our aim is to ensure that no service is wrongfully blamed. Our model is based on the "statistical cloud model" defined for uncertain situations. The model can uniformly describe the concepts of randomness, fuzziness, and their relationship in quantitative terms. Experiment results show the applicability of the proposed model in selecting and maintaining an optimal composition of services.
THE COMPLETE GERMAN LANGUAGE NORMS FOR RESPONSES TO 100 WORDS FROM THE KENT-ROSANOFF WORD ASSOCIATION TEST

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the complete German language norms for responses to 100 words from the Kent–Rosanoff association test. The collection of German language norms for the Kent–Rosanoff word association test was undertaken as one phase of a larger project dealing with the manner in which linguistic habits can modify aspects of behavior such as perception, learning, recall, and generalization. The normative project was carried out in the following manner: a translation from English to German was made of the Kent–Rosanoff word association test, the translated test was administered to a normative group of German students, and the results were analyzed to determine the frequency of each response to each stimulus word. The test forms were prepared on two mimeographed sheets, with numbered stimulus words arranged in columns of 25 words each, two columns to a sheet. The 100 stimulus words of the Kent–Rosanoff word association test occur quite frequently in the English language are considered, as a whole, to be emotionally neutral.
The Significance of Shearing Displacements for the Mechanical Stimulation of Cochlear Hair Cells

Hair cells respond only to deflections of their sensory cilia caused by tangential, “shearing”, displacements of the membrane covering a given sense organ (Steinhausen, 1931; von Holst, 1950).
Entropic and surprisingly small intramolecular polarization effects in the mechanism of cyclophilin A.

The precise catalytic mechanism of peptidyl–prolyl cis–trans isomerases (PPIases) has been elusive, despite many experimental and computational studies. The more than 5 orders of magnitude speedup achieved in catalysis by cyclophilin A (CypA) has been attributed to several factors, including substrate desolvation, enzyme dynamics, and preferential binding of the transition state. Here, we explore the conformational space of a substrate analogue of CypA using accelerated molecular dynamics, free in solution and in the active site of CypA, in order to probe its conformational interconversion during catalysis. We show that the undemanding exchange of the free substrate between β- and α-helical regions is lost in the active site of the enzyme, where it is mainly in the β-region. Our results suggest that the loss in conformational entropy at the transition state relative to the cis and trans states in the free substrate is decreased in the complex. This relative change in conformational entropy contributes fav...
Double Jeopardy and the Parameterization of Brood Reduction Models: A Comment on Mock and Forbes (1994)

MCCARTY, J. P. 1996. The energetic cost of begging in nestling passerines. Auk 113:178-188. MOTRO, U. 1989. Should a parasite expose itself? (Some theoretical aspects of begging and vigilance behavior). Journal of Theoretical Biology 140:279-287. REDONDO, T., AND F. CASTRO. 1992. Signalling of nutritional need by Magpie nestlings. Ethology 92:193-204. VEHRENCAMP, S. L., J. W. BRADBURY, AND R. M. GIBSON. 1989. The energetic cost of display in male Sage Grouse. Animal Behaviour 38:885-896. VERHULST, S., AND P. WIERSMA. 1997. Is begging cheap? Auk 114:134. WEATHRS, W. W., PErT J. HODUM, AND D. J. ANDERSON. 1997. Is the energy cost of begging by nestling passerines surprisingly low? Auk 114:133. WEATHERS, W. W., AND K. A. SULLIVAN. 1989. Juvenile foraging proficiency, parental effort, and avian reproductive success. Ecological Monographs 59:223-246.
Participation of a Preschooler with Visual Impairments on the Playground: Effects of Musical Adaptations and Staff Development

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adaptations of a playground, and subsequently staff development, on the participation of a 3-year-old boy with congenital blindness. A single-subject design with three conditions (baseline, adaptations of the playground, and staff development) was used. The playground adaptation involved adding musical stations in strategic locations on the playground and connecting them with a "path" that provided auditory feedback. The staff training involved the music therapist providing individualized instruction to the staff who supervised the child. The child's participation was measured in terms of social interaction with peers or adults, play and engagement with materials, movement on the playground, and stereotypic behaviors. The playground adaptation resulted in no changes in the child's social interactions with peers or adults, increases in engagement, no change in movement on the playground, and a decrease in stereotypic responses. Staff training resulted in increased but variable interactions with adults and peers, in additional increases in engagement, less movement, and similar levels of stereotypic behavior. The findings suggest that musical adaptations of physical environments may he helpful but not sufficient for promoting desired outcomes.
Development of Morphogen Gradients with Spatially Varying Degradation Rates

Successful biological development via spatial and temporal regulations of cell differentiation relies on the action of multiple signaling molecules that are known as morphogens. It is now well established that biological signaling molecules create nonuniform concentration profiles, called morphogen gradients, that activate different genes, leading to patterning in the developing organisms. The current view of the formation of morphogen gradients is that it is a result of complex reaction–diffusion processes that include production, diffusion, and degradation of signaling molecules. Recent studies also suggest that the degradation of morphogens is a critically important step in the whole process. We develop a theoretical model that allows us to investigate the role of a spatially varying degradation in the formation of morphogen gradients. Our analysis shows that the spatial inhomogeneities in degradation might strongly influence the dynamics of formation of signaling profiles. Physical–chemical mechanisms...
Using reliability and warranty data to determine the optimal number of parts for a lifetime buy

This paper presents a novel approach to predicting quantities of parts needed for a lifetime buy (LTB) prompted by technology obsolescence or production discontinuance in order to support a long term service contract. LTB is a critical business decision with serious consequences to a company's finances and its reputation, therefore accurate future demand modeling is very important. The forecasting method presented in this paper is based on a combination of factors including reliability and warranty data, demand expectations, penalty for unavailability of parts, aftermarket competition and a few others. The paper will introduce two new terms, demand attrition and demand retention, that describe the decrease in parts demand in the post-warranty period due to aftermarket and non-authentic parts alternatives. The application of the attrition functions (reduction in product population and product demand) has proven to be an important tool to provide accurate estimates for the LTB quantity predictions. Product shipping history can be a source of data to derive the demand retention function, which will depend on the type of the product, warranty terms, and availability of supply alternatives. This paper also presents a case study of an automotive electronics radio after a supplier's notice of discontinuance for the main microprocessor. The implementation of this method at Delphi Electronics & Safety has saved thousands of dollars on the LTB parts inventory by improving the accuracy of forecasting.
Halter top-An Oriental Women Garment-Is Making Its Way Through To The West

halter top, used to be an article of the traditional Chinese woman’s underwear, represents, to a certain degree, the Chinese folk culture, which has a profound connotation. In addition to its function of covering and protecting breasts and belly on women’s body, halter top connotes rich Chinese culture in its plane patterns. These patterns bear typical symbolic significance and embody rich Chinese traditional culture. Though small in size, halter top possesses its own distinctive feature in Chinese garment culture. With the increasing popularity of the Chinese culture in the world, halter top, one of the typical forms of the traditional oriental garment, has restored its past glory and joined in the world trend of fashion. Meanwhile, it has found its way into woman’s wardrobes as a piece of garment in vogue.
Lipid biosynthesis in yeasts: A comparison of the lipid biosynthetic pathway between the model nonoleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the model oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Lipid biosynthesis and its regulation have been studied mostly in the nonoleaginous yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae that serves as a model for eukaryotic cells. On the other hand, the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica has been put forward as a model for oleaginous microorganisms because its genetics is known and tools for its genetic manipulation are becoming increasingly available. A comparison of the lipid biosynthetic pathways that function in these two microorganisms shows many similarities in key biosynthetic and regulatory steps. An example is the enzyme phosphatidic acid phosphatase that controls the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in both yeasts. Controlling the TAG synthesis is crucial for metabolic engineering efforts that aim to increase the production of microbial lipids (i.e. single cell oils) because TAG comprises the final product of these processes. At the same time the comparison reveals fundamental differences (e.g. in the generation of acetyl-CoA for lipid biosynthesis) stemming from the oleaginous nature of Y. lipolytica. These differences warranty more studies in Y. lipolytica where the biochemistry and molecular biology of oleaginicity can be further explored.
Body Mass Index Class Is Independently Associated With Health-Related Quality of Life After Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty: An Institutional Registry-Based Study.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients across World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) classes before and after total hip arthroplasty (THA). Methods Patients with end-stage hip osteoarthritis who received elective primary unilateral THA were identified through an institutional registry and categorized based on the World Health Organization BMI classification. Age, sex, laterality, year of surgery, and Charlson-Deyo comorbidity index were recorded. The primary outcome was the EQ-5D-3L index and visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) scores at 2 years postoperatively. Inferential statistics and regression analyses were performed to determine associations between BMI classes and HRQoL. Results EQ-5D-3L scores at baseline and at 2 years were statistically different across BMI classes, with higher EQ-VAS and index scores in patients with lower BMI. There was no difference observed for the 2-year change in EQ-VAS scores, but there was a statistically greater increase in index scores for more obese patients. In the regression analyses, there were statistically significant negative effect estimates for EQ-VAS and index scores associated with increasing BMI class. Conclusion BMI class is independently associated with lower HRQoL scores 2 years after primary THA. While absolute scores in obese patients were lower than in nonobese patients, obese patients enjoyed more positive changes in EQ-5D index scores after THA. These results may provide the most detailed information on how BMI influences HRQoL before and after THA, and they are relevant to future economic decision analyses on the topic.
Revolution in liberty, 1964–70

Juan Verdejo como un rey si gobierna Eduardo Frei . Juan Verdejo like a king if Eduardo Frei is governing! – Christian Democrat slogan, early 1960s Catholic social reformers In any Catholic country, a political option colored by Catholicism is always conceivable, even if many such countries do not produce one. Chile in the early 1960s was still very much a Catholic country – in spite of the strong secularist tradition of Radicals and left-wingers, the half million or so Chilean Protestants, or the fact that only one baptized Catholic in seven regularly attended Mass on Sundays. In Chile, politicians of Catholic background put together the reforming movement that won the presidency in 1964, and this produced the first great turning point of Chilean history since the 1930s. Chile's Christian Democrat party was the first such party to win power in Latin America. Domestically, it was to prove the strongest political party of the second half of the twentieth century. As we have seen, there had been a traditional link between the Catholic Church and the Conservative party. The separation of Church and state in 1925 did something to lessen the old connection, but so, too, over a longer period, did changes within the Church itself. In the mid-nineteenth century, Pope Pius IX's intransigence had helped stiffen Archbishop Valdivieso's opposition to Manuel Montt. A century later the Church's changing outlook helped to turn certain Chilean Catholics in the direction of social reform.
Metabolic risk factors and mechanisms of disease in epithelial ovarian cancer: A review.

Abstract Objective Epithelial ovarian cancer continues to be the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and obesity have poorer outcomes, yet research correlating metabolic abnormalities, such as metabolic syndrome, to ovarian cancer risk and outcomes is lacking. This article reviews the literature regarding metabolic derangements and their relationship to epithelial ovarian cancer, with a focus on potential mechanisms behind these associations. Methods PubMed and Google Scholar were searched for articles in the English language regarding epithelial ovarian cancer, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, with a focus on studies conducted since 1990. Results Obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome have been associated with poor outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer. More studies investigating the relationship between metabolic syndrome and epithelial ovarian cancer are needed. A variety of pathologic factors may contribute to cancer risk in patients with metabolic derangements, including altered adipokine and cytokine expression, altered immune responses to tumor cells, and changes in pro-tumorigenic signaling pathways. Conclusion More research is needed to examine the effects of metabolic syndrome on epithelial ovarian cancer risk and mortality, as well as the underlying pathophysiologies in patients with obesity, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome that may be targeted for therapeutic intervention.
Visualizing the enteric nervous system using genetically engineered double reporter mice: Comparison with immunofluorescence.

Background and aims The enteric nervous system (ENS) plays a crucial role in the control of gastrointestinal motility, secretion and absorption functions. Immunohistochemistry has been widely used to visualize neurons of the ENS for more than two decades. Genetically engineered mice that report specific proteins can also be used to visualize neurons of the ENS. The goal of our study was to develop a mouse that expresses fluorescent neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the two proteins expressed in 95% of the ENS neurons. We compared ENS neurons visualized in the reporter mouse with the wild type mouse stained using classical immunostaining techniques. Methods Mice hemizygous for ChAT-ChR2-YFP BAC transgene with expression of the mhChR2:YFP fusion protein directed by ChAT promoter/enhancer regions on the BAC transgene were purchased commercially. The Cre/LoxP technique of somatic recombination was used to construct mice with nNOS positive neurons. The two mice were crossbred and tissues were harvested and examined using fluorescent microscopy. Immunostaining was performed in the wild type mice, using antibodies to nNOS, ChAT, Hu and PGP 9.5. Results Greater than 95% of the ENS neurons were positive for either nNOS or ChAT or both. The nNOS and ChAT neurons and their processes in the ENS were well visualized in all the regions of the GI tract, i.e., esophagus, small intestine and colon. The number of nNOS and ChAT neurons was approximately same in the reporter mouse and immunostaining method in the wild type mouse. The nNOS fluorescence in the reporter mouse was seen in both cytoplasm as well as nucleus but in the immunostained specimens it was seen only in the cytoplasm. Conclusion We propose that the genetically engineered double reporter mouse for ChAT and nNOS proteins is a powerful tool to study of the effects of various diseases on the ENS without the need for immunostaining.
Physics and polarization characteristics of 298 nm AlN-delta-GaN quantum well ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

This work investigates the physics and polarization characteristics of 298 nm AlN-delta-GaN quantum well (QW) ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The physics analysis shows that the use of the AlN-delta-GaN QW structure can ensure dominant conduction band (C) to heavy-hole (HH) subband transition and significantly improve the electron and top HH subband wave function overlap. As a result, up to 30-times enhancement in the transverse-electric (TE)-polarized spontaneous emission rate of the proposed structure can be obtained as compared to a conventional AlGaN QW structure. The polarization properties of molecular beam epitaxy-grown AlN/GaN QW-like UV LEDs, which consist of 3–4 monolayer (QW-like) delta-GaN layers sandwiched by 2.5-nm AlN sub-QW layers, are investigated in this study. The polarization-dependent electroluminescence measurement results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. Specifically, the TE-polarized emission intensity is measured to be much larger than the transverse-ma...
Abstract 195: Apolipoprotein E Suppresses Atherosclerosis by Reducing Th1 Inflammatory Responses and by Favorably Altering Aortic Dendritic Cell Subsets in Hyperlipidemic Mice

Apolipoprotein (apo) E can suppress atherosclerosis by regulating myeloid cell proliferation and monocyte activation. However, little is known about its capacity to regulate adaptive immunity. To e...
Epilogue: Second language writing in the age of computer-mediated communication

Abstract The emergence of digital technologies has significantly transformed the forms, genres, and purposes of writing both inside and outside the classroom. This special issue focuses on writing in computer-mediated environments to provide important insights for educators, researchers, and instructors in this area. We summarize the findings from the special issue in light of other recent research, and point to implications for pedagogy and research.
Weak Solutions of Partial Differential Equations

In this chapter several different approaches to solving linear PDE problems are presented, all making some use of the mathematical tools developed throughout the book. First, the Lax-Milgram theorem is proved and then used to prove the existence of solutions of certain boundary value problems for divergence form elliptic PDEs. The existence of a complete set of eigenfunctions for a general class of elliptic operators is also derived. After introducing some more function spaces, application is also made to time-dependent problems. Next, Galerkin’s method, as an approach to proving the existence of solutions of PDE problems, and approximating these solutions, is briefly discussed. The chapter concludes with an introduction to linear semigroup theory, as an alternate approach to constructing solutions of time-dependent problems.
Brief Introduction of Renewal Process

Length biased sampling is a fundamental problem in studying renewal processes. Suppose buses arrive at a stop after independent random intervals of T minutes, where T is uniformly distributed between 10 and 20. It is natural to wonder how long one is expected to wait from some random point in time t until next bus arrives. The next bus could arrive immediately, or one could be unlucky with time t just after the previous bus left and could wait as long as 20 minutes for the next bus. Interestingly this waiting time is no longer uniformly distributed. This is the so-called “inspection paradox”.
Health Professionals' perceptions of insurance coverage for weight loss services

Objective To examine health professionals' (HPs) perceptions of top challenges and solutions in obesity care, and whether these perceptions differ by patient-panel income level. Methods A 2014 national cross-sectional survey of HPs in nutrition, nursing, behavioural or mental health, exercise and pharmacy was analysed. The dependent variables were identification of insurance coverage for their services as a top (1) challenge or (2) solution for obesity care. The independent variable was self-reported income distribution of HPs' patient panels, which was dichotomized as 'lower-income' if 'mostly low income' or 'higher-income' if 'mostly not low income/evenly split between low-income and not low-income'. Multivariate logistic regression with survey weights was used. Results Among 450 HPs, mean age was 44.9 years; 86% were women; 44% had lower-income panels. Overall, 25% of HPs endorsed insurance coverage as a current challenge, and 58% viewed improved coverage as a solution. HPs with lower and higher-income patient panels were similarly likely to identify coverage as a challenge (28% vs. 20%, p = 0.33) and benefits expansion as a solution (47% vs. 64%, p = 0.08). Conclusions Most HPs perceive insurance coverage for their services to benefit patient weight loss. While the Affordable Care Act expands obesity counselling coverage to many lower-income patients, legislation increasing access to benefits for all patients regardless of insurance type may be beneficial.
Temperature Control of the Variability of Tropical Tropopause Layer Cirrus Clouds

This study examines the temperature control of variability of tropical tropopause layer (TTL) cirrus clouds (i.e., clouds with bases higher than 14.5 km) by using 8 years (2006–2014) of observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) and Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC). It is found that the temporal variability of vertical structure of TTL cirrus cloud fraction averaged between 15°N and 15°S can be well explained by the vertical temperature gradient below ~17.5 km but by the local temperature above for both seasonal and interannual time scales. It is also found that the TTL cirrus cloud fraction at a given altitude is best correlated with the temperature at a higher altitude and this vertical displacement increases with a decrease of the cirrus altitude. It is shown that the TTL cirrus cloud fractions at all altitudes are significantly correlated with tropical cold point tropopause (CPT) temperature. The plausible mechanisms that might be responsible for the observed relations between TTL cirrus fraction and temperature-based variables are discussed, which include ice particle sediments, cooling associated with wave propagations, change of atmospheric stability, and vertical gradient of water vapor mixing ratio. We further examine the spatial covariability of TTL total cirrus cloud fraction and CPT temperature for the interannual time scale. It is found that the El Nino–Southern Oscillation and quasi-biennial oscillation are the leading factors in controlling the spatial variability of the TTL cirrus clouds and temperatures.
Modular robot connector area of acceptance from configuration space obstacles

Physical connectors which have geometry to passively guide mating increases robustness in attachments. This is a key design area for self-reconfigurable modular robots, which frequently make and break connections. By repurposing the interpretation of a well-known motion planning tool in configuration space obstacles for its encoding of contact geometry, we present a method for determining a metric of error tolerance (area of acceptance) in multiple dimensions by construction. Watershed analysis is run on this configuration-space model to determine the full shape and area of the capture region for the connector pair. We show the results of this process for several connector types.
Comparative Effects of Hydrogen Sulfide-Releasing Compounds on [ 3 H]D-Aspartate Release from Bovine Isolated Retinae

We investigated the pharmacological actions of a slow-releasing H2S donor, GYY 4137; a substrate for the biosynthesis of H2S, l-cysteine and its precursor, N-acetylcysteine on potassium (K+; 50 mM)-evoked [3H]D-aspartate release from bovine isolated retinae using the Superfusion Method. GYY 4137 (10 nM–10 µM), l-cysteine (100 nM–10 µM) and N-acetylcysteine (10 µM–1 mM) elicited a concentration-dependent decrease in K+-evoked [3H]D-aspartate release from isolated bovine retinae without affecting basal tritium efflux. At equimolar concentration of 10 µM, the rank order of activity was as follows: l-cysteine > GYY 4137 > N-acetylcysteine. A dual inhibitor of the biosynthetic enzymes for H2S, cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) and cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), amino-oxyacetic acid (AOA; 3 mM) reversed the inhibitory responses caused by GYY 4137, l-cysteine and N-acetylcysteine on K+-evoked [3H]D-aspartate release. Glibenclamide (300 µM), an inhibitor of KATP channels blocked the inhibitory action of GYY 4137 and l-cysteine but not that elicited by N-acetylcysteine on K+-induced [3H]D-aspartate release. The inhibitory effect of GYY 4137 and l-cysteine on K+-evoked [3H]D-aspartate release was reversed by the non-specific inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), l-NAME (300 µM). Furthermore, a specific inhibitor of inducible NOS (iNOS), aminoguanidine (10 µM) blocked the inhibitory action of l-cysteine on K+-evoked [3H]D-aspartate release. We conclude that both donors and substrates for H2S production can inhibit amino acid neurotransmission in bovine isolated retinae, an effect that is dependent, at least in part, upon the intramural biosynthesis of this gas, and on the activity of KATP channels and NO synthase.
A probabilistic formulation for cost / benefit analysis in power distribution engineering

Cost to benefit analysis in electric power engineering is revisited by including uncertainty in both the cost and benefit models. The uncertainty in costs and benefits are modeled in probabilistic terms with assumed probability density functions. The result is a stochastic calculation of such indicators as payback time, expected monetized benefits, and conditional expectations of these indicators. The method is applied to power distribution system cost to benefit analysis.
Heterogeneity and regulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). This component emphasizes studies done using mammalian tissues or their derivatives, and using vertebrate nonmammalian systems. The chapter foscuses on the bases, manifestations, and functional significance of nAChR diversity. There are at least two populations of putative nAChRs in brain defined based on their ability to interact with 3H-labeled agonists or radiolabeled α-bungarotoxin. These binding sites are differentially regulated during development and exhibit differential anatomical distributions. Studies done on nAChRs in the periphery at the neuromuscular junction or on neural crest-derived cells are largely consistent with this dogma, in that chronic agonist treatment produces a decrease in receptor numbers and usually a comparable or quantitatively larger decrease in functional responsiveness. Chronic administration of two pyrethroid xenobiotics, bioallethrin and deltamethrin, produces an increase in levels of nAChRs. It is also becoming clear that diversity in mechanisms involved in the regulation of nAChR expression and function is built on the diversity of the nAChR family.
Geography is Destiny: Spatial Correlations in Poverty and Educational Attainment in a New Mexico School District

New Mexico’s urban communities mirror a national trend of resegregation clustered by socioeconomic status and race. Previous research suggests a clear relationship between such clustering and measures of both poverty and educational attainment. This research explores the effect of spatially concentrated poverty on academic achievement in a New Mexico School District, utilizing spatial regression to test hypotheses concerning neighborhood clustering effects on school performance. Proficiency scores for reading, math, and science were collected for the 2004–2006 school years and linked to data on poverty from the 2005–2009 American Community Survey as well as from National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) reporting of the proportion of students receiving free or reduced lunch. Next, following the elementary school students in a pseudo-cohort fashion, it is seen that geography plays an important role on how, on the average, the probability of successful high school graduation depends on high-, middle-, and elementary-school parameters as well as community variables. The implications of the results for understanding relationships between poverty and academic achievement, and the geographic clustering of these patterns, are reviewed.
Lean Health Care Management

Im Sommer 1993 stellte UNISYS Schweiz einem kleinen Kreis von Spitalfachleuten erstmals Lean Health Care Management vor. Das neue Konzept umfast ein breites Leistungs- und Serviceangebot sowie eine offene und in der Praxis mehrfach bewahrte EDV-Gesamtlosung fur Spitaler, Kliniken und Heime.
Estrogen Therapy and the Risk of Breast, Ovarian, and Endometrial Cancer

Millions of women have used estrogens for relief of menopausal symptoms. Theoretical considerations, clinical observations, and epidemiologic information raise concern as to possible associations between use of exogenous estrogens and cancers of the female reproductive tract (Thomas, 1978). Because of the large number of women who have been using or will use estrogens for menopausal symptoms, any risk of or protection from these cancers could have major health impact on women in their postmenopausal years.
Helping Military Families Who Have a Child with a Disability Cope with Stress

This exploratory study investigates perceived levels of family stress for military families who have a young child with a disability. Two primary areas of study were the sources and levels of stress, and the benefits of resources designed to help families cope. Results of the study indicate an increased level of stress for families when the demands of military life were coupled with the demands of caring for a young child with a disability. Events such as separation from family members, relocation, deployment, and personal safety and health issues emerged as concerns of the military personnel. The importance of coordinating services for these families is discussed.
HUMAN MONOCYTE-LYMPHOCYTE INTERACTION MEDIATED BY CONCANAVALIN A: THE EFFECT OF LEVAMISOLE

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of the monocyte in mitogen-induced lymphocyte transformation. Investigations employing human cells also suggest that monocytes enhance T-cell proliferative responses to mitogens such as concanavalin A (ConA). In these investigations described in the chapter, blood was obtained from healthy individuals by venipuncture and anticoagulated with heparin. Levamisole, an anti-helminthic imidazole compound, has recently been found to partially restore defective cellular immunity and prolong time to recurrence in human neoplasia. Monocytes incubated with levamisole bound more lymphocytes than the ones that were not exposed to levamisole. The immunostimulatory effects of levamisole may, in part, relate to levamisole's action on the monocyte.
Whole Body Zinc Metabolism in Full-Term Breastfed and Formula Fed Infants

The infant has a relatively high requirement for zinc during the early months of life when growth is normally rapid. By 4–5 months of age, the zinc intake of infants fed human milk may be only slightly greater than the estimated requirement for net absorption (Krebs and Hambidge, 1986). Although in studies with adults the fractional absorption of zinc in human milk has been found to compare favorably to that in cow’s milk and infant formulas (Sandstrom et al., 1983), no reports are currently available that describe zinc absorption and homeostasis in the breastfed human infant.
Predicted Stabilities of Rare Earth Dihalides

Using a modified Born-Haber cycle we have established a linear relationship between the enthalpies of formation and the sum of the ionic radii, given by: $$\left( {\Delta {H_f} - {Q_n}} \right) = {A \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {A {({r_ + } - {r_ - }) + B}}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {({r_ + } - {r_ - }) + B}}$$ (1) Qn is the sum of the sublimation energy and the ionization energies (2). Equation (1) is obeyed for the Ln2O3 (c), Ln3+ (aq), LnI3 (c), LnO (c), LnF2 (c) and LnF3 (c) systems (2). For the plus-two ions, Ba(II), Eu(II) and Ca(II) can be utilized to establish the constants for equation (1), since the ionic radii and thermodynamic properties of Ca(II) and Yb(II) are nearly equal.
Enthalpy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

The change in enthalpy of a chemical reaction conducted at constant pressure is equal to the heat of the reaction plus the nonexpansion work of the reaction, ΔH = qP + wadditional. After deriving t...
Application of the apatite oxygen paleobarometer (AOP) across the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition

Abstract Fluorescence signatures of samarium3+ substituted into apatite for calcium2+ have been shown experimentally to correlate with oxygen availability, such substituted apatite being a principal diagenetic mineral emplaced in shallow-water environments during the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian global phosphogenic event coeval with the “Cambrian Explosion of Life.” The occurrence of Sm3+-substituted apatite, encrusting, infilling and permineralizing components of shallow water microbial communities suggested that quantification of these fluorescence signatures might provide a widely applicable mineral-based paleobarometer by which to measure oxygen concentrations in the environment in which such apatite precipitated. To test this hypothesis, fluorescence spectroscopic analyses have been carried out on the Sm3+-substituted apatite of photic-zone microscopic fossils and fossil-associated ooids of near-shore facies of the Ediacaran Doushantuo (South China) and Early Cambrian Chulaktau (South Kazakhstan) Formations, and of the open ocean apatite-biomineralized phytoplanktonic “scale fossils” (Characodictyon) of the mid-Neoproterozoic (Tonian) Fifteenmile Group (Yukon Canada). Results obtained – quantified by the newly devised apatite oxygen paleobarometer metric – indicate a low (
Real world tree nut consumption in peanut-allergic individuals.

Abstract Background Individuals with peanut allergy often avoid tree nuts, yet true rates of tree nut allergy in peanut-allergic individuals are as low as 7%. Objective To examine tree nut sensitization patterns in peanut-allergic individuals, patient and family choice regarding tree nut consumption, and factors that influence consumption of tree nuts. Methods All patients presenting for peanut allergy evaluation to an outpatient allergy office were included during a 4-month period. In addition to demographic information, sensitization to tree nuts and tree nut consumption were collected. Logistic regression was performed to generate odds ratios with 95% CIs in univariate and multivariate analyses for variables that predict tree nut consumption. Results A total of 258 individuals with peanut allergy were enrolled. Ninety-five (36.8%) consumed all tree nuts ad libitum, 63 (24.4%) consumed some but not all tree nuts, and 100 (38.8%) consumed no tree nuts. Of the 100 electively avoiding all tree nuts, the most commonly reported reason was fear of cross-contact (50%). Although there was no difference between rates of sensitization between individual tree nuts (P = .056), cashew and pistachio had higher serum specific IgE levels compared with other tree nuts (P Conclusion Our data highlight the potential for safe introduction of tree nuts in peanut-allergic individuals and indicate that peanut-allergic individuals who consume foods with precautionary labeling are most likely to consume tree nuts.
Neuroevolutionary Transfer Learning of Deep Recurrent Neural Networks through Network-Aware Adaptation

Transfer learning entails taking an artificial neural network (ANN) that is trained on a source dataset and adapting it to a new target dataset. While this has been shown to be quite powerful, its use has generally been restricted by architectural constraints. Previously, in order to reuse and adapt an ANN's internal weights and structure, the underlying topology of the ANN being transferred across tasks must remain mostly the same while a new output layer is attached, discarding the old output layer's weights. This work introduces network-aware adaptive structure transfer learning (N-ASTL), an advancement over prior efforts to remove this restriction. N-ASTL utilizes statistical information related to the source network's topology and weight distribution in order to inform how new input and output neurons are to be integrated into the existing structure. Results show improvements over prior state-of-the-art, including the ability to transfer in challenging real-world datasets not previously possible and improved generalization over RNNs trained without transfer.
The Selective Communication of Political Information

People seek out and interpret political information in self-serving ways. In four experiments, we show that people are similarly self-serving in the political information they share with others. Pa...
Photonic band engineering in metallic microcavity OLEDs

A metallic microcavity OLED structure is shown to be an ideal building block for exploring 1D photonic crystals. By stacking N metallic microcavities we demonstrate the formation of photonic energy bands by splitting each single-cavity discrete mode into N hybridized resonance states. The splitting of the local cavity modes is found to directly mimic the formation of energy bands from Bloch and molecular orbital (MO) theory. The resulting energy band structure is manipulated by varying the thickness of the metallic mirrors and the cavities, including the formation of a photonic band gap by the introduction of a Peierls distortion to the 1D crystal. The metallic microcavity OLED structure enables direct observation of the interaction of individual cavity modes with the coupled microcavity superlattice due to the internal broadband emission sources. Recent experimental work confirms the transfer matrix simulations for simple structures and has laid the groundwork for future exploration.
Prediction of water stability of metal–organic frameworks using machine learning

Owing to their highly tunable structures, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered suitable candidates for a range of applications, including adsorption, separation, sensing and catalysis. However, MOFs must be stable in water vapour to be considered industrially viable. It is currently challenging to predict water stability in MOFs; experiments involve time-intensive MOF synthesis, while modelling techniques do not reliably capture the water stability behaviour. Here, we build a machine learning-based model to accurately and instantly classify MOFs as stable or unstable depending on the target application, or the amount of water exposed. The model is trained using an empirically measured dataset of water stabilities for over 200 MOFs, and uses a comprehensive set of chemical features capturing information about their constituent metal node, organic ligand and metal–ligand molar ratios. In addition to screening stable MOF candidates for future experiments, the trained models were used to extract a number of simple water stability trends in MOFs. This approach is general and can also be used to screen MOFs for other design criteria. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive materials for gas capture, separation, sensing and catalysis. Determining their water stability is important, but time-intensive. Batra et al. use machine learning to screen water-stable MOFs and identify chemical features supporting their stability.
Forward kinematic modeling of fault-bend folding

Abstract We present a forward numerical modeling approach for fault-bend folding based on a velocity description of deformation. The approach incorporates algorithms capable of modeling multiple fault bends of different geometries (e. g. fault bends not stepping up from a detachment), imbricates, and variable velocity-boundary orientations, with corresponding varying slip ratios. When modeling contraction, the approach is capable of reproducing rounded-hinges and parallel folds with localized bed thinning or thickening commonly observed in natural structures. Extensional fault-bend folds can be modeled using the same set of equations, with the minor modification that velocity boundary orientations are defined independently of the fault shape. The modeled structures conserve area, and commonly observed features of extensional fault-bend folds, such as rollover structures with growth, are produced. Thus, we present a unified inclined-shear and flexural-slip general transformation associated with displacement over bends in faults, describing the theoretical framework which we have implemented in the associated program, fbfFor. We show the utility of this kinematic approach by matching seismic reflection examples, analog models, and mechanical models of fault-bend folds to create progressive, balanced kinematic interpretations and gain further insight into the formation of these structures.
Techno-economic analysis of Camelina-derived hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel within the US context

Abstract This study explores the techno-economic analysis of producing Camelina-derived Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet (HRJ) fuel in Montana using the hydro-deoxygenation (HDO) pathway. The HDO method requires added hydrogen and increases cost. The estimated breakeven price of Camelina-derived HRJ fuel generated from the HDO reaction follows the UOP Honeywell procedure. Oilseed cultivation, lipid extraction, and HRJ fuel production were evaluated to estimate the HRJ fuel breakeven price. In an extraction facility with annual processing capacity of 3000 Mg, the breakeven price of Camelina oil was $0.35 per liter over a 20-year operating period and $0.34 per liter over a 30-year period. For a 20-year operating period, the deterministic breakeven price of HRJ fuel was $0.87 per liter with a commercial hydrogen and $1.01 per liter when the plant generated its own hydrogen supply; a 30-year operating period had $0.02 per liter savings. The sensitivity analysis indicates a breakeven price between $0.87 and $1.44 per liter in a facility with an on-site hydrogen plant, and between $0.75 and $1.26 per liter when purchasing hydrogen. An additional $0.02 per liter of capital investment cost is incurred to produce HRJ fuel instead of renewable diesel. Depending on the fuel product, investors would have a capital cost penalty of $0.13 to $0.15 per liter for producing hydrogen on-site.
Business research toolkit: The creation of an online, asynchronous business information literacy course

The Business Research Toolkit (BRT) is a free, noncredit-bearing course designed to serve students, faculty, and staff who are interested in learning more about the intricacies of business research...
Health Literacy in a Rural Clinic

Purpose: Health literacy is a critical prerequisite to effective self-management of any health problem. Nearly half of all adult U.S. citizens have difficulty with reading skills. For those living in rural areas who also experience health literacy deficits, self-management of health needs is doubly problematic. Rural dwellers are more likely to delay treatment for health problems and more likely to experience chronic health problems than their urban counterparts. The purpose of this research was to assess the health literacy of those seeking care in a rural health clinic. Design: The design of this descriptive study was a one-time survey using a convenience sample of 57 patients (89% Caucasian, 65% female) from a rural clinic in the southeastern United States. Data were collected in Fall 2003. Methods: The REALM (Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine) test and a demographic questionnaire were administered by trained nursing students to consenting patients as they arrived for clinic appointments. Data were analyzed descriptively and with non-parametric one-way ANOVA. Findings: The mean REALM score was 55.9 on a scale of 0 to 66. Half of the participants (n =29; 50.8%) read at the high school level, and 6 (11%) read at grade six or lower. Females scored significantly higher than males. The more difficult words included “impetigo,” “colitis,” “osteoporosis,” and “diagnosis.” Conclusions: Health literacy is a significant barrier to effective health care for many rural dwellers, particularly males. Health care providers can minimize the negative consequences of limited health literacy by assessing the literacy of their population and adjusting written and verbal communications accordingly.
High content cellular analysis and their applications

The biomedical research community faces for the first time the prospect of identifying and understanding the functions and interactions of macromolecules in human cells with high throughput, large scale approaches owing to the rapid advances of optical fluorescence microscopy in the past decade. Automated digital microscopy, coupled with a large arsenal of fluorescent and other labeling techniques, offers tremendous values to localize, identify and characterize cells and molecules. It has become a quantitative technique for probing cellular structure and dynamics and is increasingly used for cell-based assays and screens. The new development, in turn, generates many new informatics challenges in requiring innovative algorithms and tools to extract, classify, model, and correlate image features and content from massive amounts of images for both hypothesis-driven analysis and hypothesis-generated tasks. High content cellular analysis (HCCS) concerns the automation and quantitation of cellular information in a scale that is not achievable by the conventional manual microscopic approach. HCCS couples automated microscopy imaging and image analysis with biostatistical and data mining techniques to provide a system biologic approach in studying the cells, the basic unit of life, and potentially leads to many exciting applications in life and health sciences; beyond the scope of current high throughput screens. In this talk, I will introduce the concept of high content cellular analysis and briefly describe selected HCCS applications in genomic-wide screens, drug discovery, neuroscience, and signaling pathway perturbations, being investigated at Harvard.