cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Prolonged Exposure on Substance Use in Patients With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Substance Use Disorders

Despite research demonstrating the benefit of exposure-based therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients with co-occurring substance use disorders, there remains a strong clinical expectation that this treatment will exacerbate substance use or other psychiatric symptoms. The present study evaluated within-session and session-to-session changes in (a) craving and use of substances for a range of drug classes and (b) symptoms of PTSD and other psychiatric distress in a sample of 44 SUD patients who received prolonged exposure (PE) therapy for PTSD. Visual analog scales showed no within-session increases in craving, except for cocaine, within Session 8. Across sessions, craving scores dropped for heroin, methadone, benzodiazepines, and cocaine; no increases in craving were found. Past-week substance use reported at each session did not differ. The severity of PTSD symptoms and self-reported serious emotional problems decreased from Session 1 to subsequent sessions, with no increases or decreases in other psychiatric, social, or medical problems. Finally, PTSD severity was unrelated to substance use reported 1 or 2 weeks later. Substance use during the past week was associated with higher PTSD severity scores at the next session, B = 6.86 (SE = 2.87), p = .018, but was not associated 2 weeks later. These findings indicate that the concern that exposure therapy for PTSD will increase SUD patients' substance use or other psychiatric symptoms may be unwarranted, and, thus, SUD patients, including those who are actively using, should have access to effective treatments for PTSD, like PE.
Temperature and concentration measurements in a high-pressure gasifier enabled by cepstral analysis of dual frequency comb spectroscopy

Abstract High-pressure gasification processes are important for conversion of solid materials into gaseous fuels and other chemicals. Laser absorption diagnostics are an important means to study these processes, but are challenging to implement due to the extreme temperatures and pressures present in the system. Here, we combine broadband high-resolution dual-comb spectroscopy with an advanced spectral absorption database and a new means for baseline-free absorption spectroscopy analysis to enable measurements of temperature and water vapor concentration in the core of an entrained flow gasifier operating at up to 1700 K and 15 bar. The dual-comb spectrometer measures the absorption of water vapor from 6800 to 7150 cm−1 with a point spacing of 0.0067 cm−1. The bandwidth is helpful for resolving the complex, congested absorption fingerprint of water vapor that is used to determine the species concentrations and temperature. We interpret the spectrum with absorption models based on a database measured under carefully controlled high-temperature conditions with the dual-comb spectrometer. The database includes the pressure broadening, shift, and temperature dependence of these parameters for water vapor in argon, which is the gasifier bath gas. Finally, fitting the absorption model to the data is enabled by modified free induction decay analysis, which is an approach for quantitatively obtaining species and temperature information without determining the baseline intensity of the spectrometer. The baseline-free approach is crucial to success in this environment, where there are no non-absorbing regions of the spectrum to anchor the normalization of the laser intensity as in traditional direct absorption spectroscopy. We demonstrate good agreement with temperatures measured on the reactor core via optical pyrometry, and show that water vapor concentrations in the reactor core did not reach the expected system set points during some experiments.
Management of Partial-Thickness Distal Biceps Tears

The biceps brachii muscle consists of a long head and a short head that originate at the supraglenoid tubercle and the coracoid process, respectively. The tendons progress into two attached but distinct muscle bellies that insert at the radial tuberosity. When there is an eccentric force on the muscle, it susceptible to tearing, resulting in a distal biceps tear. Tears can either be partial or complete, with partial tears as the focus of this chapter. Partial tears can be identified by both clinical exam and advanced imaging techniques such as MRI and ultrasound. Partial tears are initially treated with a non-operative approach, which stresses almost immediate return to activities of daily living. If patients remain symptomatic after a period of non-operative treatment, then surgical intervention should be considered. There are two common techniques for surgical repair of the distal biceps, the single-incision and the double-incision technique, which have similar clinical outcomes. Overall patients with a partial tear of the distal biceps tendon have favorable clinical outcomes.
Network-centric benchmarking of operational performance in aviation

Abstract Performance analysis of the air traffic operations is challenging because of the need to account for weather impacts and network effects. In this paper, we propose a framework that uses network clustering to identify baselines for benchmarking airline on-time performance. We demonstrate our framework by computing cancellation and departure delay baselines using US flight data for the years 2014–16. Subsequently, we use these baselines to benchmark daily on-time performance at the system-wide, airline-, and airport-specific levels, for both mainline and regional carriers. This framework enables an airline to conduct self- and peer-comparisons, evaluate improvements over time, and diagnose causes of poor on-time performance. Furthermore, our framework can be used by system operators to identify long-term trends in traffic management initiatives.
Differences in oral food challenge reaction severity based on increasing age in a pediatric population.

Abstract Background Food allergy reactions range from mild to severe with differences in age appearing to be an important factor associated with reaction severity. Objective To define differences in oral food challenge (OFC) reaction severity in pediatric patients from infancy to adolescence using objective clinical outcomes and standardized reaction grading tools. Methods Retrospective review of all positive OFC results at 2 large institutions between September 2016 and February 2019. Reaction severity was defined by presence of cardiovascular, neurologic, lower respiratory, or laryngeal symptoms, epinephrine requirement, and grading using 2 established food allergy reaction scales. Results Infants and toddlers had fewer reactions involving cardiovascular, neurologic, lower respiratory, or laryngeal symptoms compared with older age groups. Epinephrine was also required less frequently during reactions in infants and toddlers, compared with older age groups. There was no difference in reaction severity in infants and toddlers based on clinical history of eczema. Increasing age was significantly correlated with increased epinephrine requirement (R2 = 0.12, P = .002), elevated Consortium of Food Allergy Research score (R2 = .012, P = .003), and approached significance for increased Practical Allergy score (R2 = .005, P = .05). History of asthma and sesame allergy were identified to be positively correlated with more severe reactions. Conclusion Infants and young toddlers have less severe reactions during OFCs compared with older age groups supporting early food introduction practices. In children under 12 months of age, severe reactions are most rare calling into question screening practices using specific allergy testing before food introduction. Standardized reaction grading tools may be valuable instruments to categorize reaction severity during OFCs.
Machine learning assisted detection of excess water-producing wells in unconventional shale plays

Abstract Excess water production from oil/gas wells drilled in unconventional shale formations of Permian Basin leads to environmental concerns related to the disposal of produced water and also leads to significant expenses in water management programs. In the Delaware Basin, water-to-oil ratios are as high as 10:1 for an oil-producing well. This paper analyzes subsurface data from 20 wells targeting the Bone Springs sands and the Wolfcamp shale formation, which are the primary unconventional-resource targets in the Delaware Basin. The dataset was expanded by adding 53 wells from both the Fort Worth Basin and Gulf Coast Region. For purposes of this study, a data-driven workflow was developed to use 5 well logs from the 300-feet depth interval above or below the kick-off point for each well to detect high water-producing well. The 300 ft of logged data above or below the KOP are divided into six 50-ft intervals. From these banded intervals, 7 statistical parameters were computed for each of the 5 logs. In doing so, 210 features were generated for each well, which were then reduced to most informative 21 features by first thresholding based on p-value and F value, followed by the use of Pearson Correlation. The dimensionally reduced 21 features were used to train classification methods to predict whether a well is a high-water producer (HWPs) and low-water producer (LWPs). Logistic regression performs the best. In Delaware Basin, the prediction performance has a median F1 score of 0.96 and a median Matthew's Correlation Coefficient of 0.92. Median scores for both the Fort Worth and Gulf Coast datasets are above 0.80. For the Delaware Basin, the statistical parameters computed using deep resistivity and porosity logs from the nearest 50-ft band just below the KOP are the most informative features for detecting excess water-producing well.
An Inverse Problem Solution for Thermal Conductivity Reconstruction

This work deals with the inverse problem of reconstructing the thermal conductivity coefficient of the (2+1)D heat equation from over–posed data at the boundaries. The proposed solution uses a variational approach for identifying the coefficient. The inverse problem is reformulated as a higher–order elliptic boundary–value problem for minimization of a quadratic functional of the original equation. The resulting system consists of a well–posed fourth–order boundary–value problem for the temperature and an explicit equation for the unknown thermal conductivity coefficient. The existence and uniqueness of the resulting higher–order boundary–value problem are investigated. The unique solvability of the inverse coefficient problem is proven. The numerical algorithm is validated and applied to problems of reconstructing continuous nonlinear coefficient and discontinuous coefficients. Accurate and stable numerical solutions are obtained.
Multifactorial Etiology of Adolescent Nicotine Addiction: A Review of the Neurobiology of Nicotine Addiction and Its Implications for Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapy

Nicotine is the primary pharmacologic component of tobacco, and its highly addictive nature is responsible for its widespread use and significant withdrawal effects that result in challenges to smoking cessation therapeutics. Nicotine addiction often begins in adolescence and this is at least partially attributed to the fact that adolescent brain is most susceptible to the neuro-inflammatory effects of nicotine. There is increasing evidence for the involvement of microglial cells, which are the brain's primary homeostatic sensor, in drug dependence and its associated behavioral manifestations particularly in the adolescent brain. A hallmark of neuro-inflammation is microglial activation and activation of microglia by nicotine during adolescent development, which may result in long-term addiction to nicotine. This non-systematic review examines multifactorial etiology of adolescent nicotine addiction, neurobiology of nicotine addiction and the potential mechanisms that underlie the effects of nicotine on inflammatory signaling in the microglia, understanding how nicotine affects the adolescent brain. We speculate, that modulating homeostatic balance in microglia, could have promising therapeutic potential in withdrawal, tolerance, and abstinence-related neural adaptations in nicotine addiction, in the adolescent brain. Further, we discuss nicotine addiction in the context of the sensitization-homeostasis model which provides a theoretical framework for addressing the potential role of microglial homeostasis in neural adaptations underlying nicotine abuse.
Exposure to heat during pregnancy and preterm birth in North Carolina: Main effect and disparities by residential greenness, urbanicity, and socioeconomic status.

Abstract Background Although previous literature suggested that several factors may be associated with higher risk of adverse health outcomes related to heat, research is limited for birth outcomes. Objectives We investigated associations between exposure to heat/heat waves during the last week of gestation and preterm birth (PTB) in North Carolina (NC) and evaluated effect modification by residential greenness, urbanicity, and socioeconomic status (SES). Methods We obtained individual-level NC birth certificate data for May–September 2003–2014. We estimated daily mean temperature at each maternal residential address using Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) data. We created 3 definitions of heat waves (daily temperature ≥95th, 97th, 99th percentile for NC warm season temperature, for ≥2 consecutive days). Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used to assess residential greenness. Community-level modifiers (e.g., income, urbanicity) were considered. We applied Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the association between exposure to heat/heat waves and PTB, controlling for covariates. Stratified analyses were conducted to evaluate whether the association between heat and PTB varied by several individual and community characteristics. Results Of the 546,441 births, 8% were preterm. Heat exposure during the last week before delivery was significantly associated with risk of PTB. The hazard ratio for a 1 °C increase in temperature during the last week before delivery was 1.01 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.02). Higher heat-PTB risk was associated with some characteristics (e.g., areas that were urbanized, low SES, or in the Coastal Plain). We also found significant PTB-heat risk in areas with low greenness for urbanized area. For heat waves, we did not find significantly positive associations with PTB. Discussion Findings provide evidence that exposure to heat during pregnancy increases risk of PTB and suggest disparities in these risks. Our results have implications for future studies of disparity in heat and birth outcomes associations.
Viewpoint: An assessment of recent SNAP benefit increases allowing for money and time variability

Abstract The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) is one of the largest welfare safety nets in the United States. The purpose of SNAP is to provide low-income eligible families with sufficient funds to reach the cost of a nutritious diet. To mitigate the effects of COVID-19, the maximum SNAP benefits were temporarily increased through September 2021 by a total of 20.3%. On October 1, 2021 the maximum SNAP benefits were permanently increased by 21% from the pre-pandemic levels. A sizeable literature had shown that the pre-pandemic maximum benefit levels were insufficient to reach the full cost of a nutritious diet because individuals spent an insufficient amount of time in food production. This viewpoint considers the question: Are those increases in the maximum SNAP benefits enough to reach the full cost of a nutritious diet when we account for possible changes in home food production labor? In light of the recent pandemic-induced labor market disruptions, this research assesses the needs for additional time inputs to the pre-pandemic food production time amounts given different levels of maximum SNAP benefit adjustments in order to reach the ‘full’ cost of a nutritious diet. We evaluate the feasibility of meeting those additional time needs in the context of reallocating portions of the ‘windfall’ of time normally devoted to working and commuting before the pandemic. Focusing on single headed households we find the temporary 20.3% and the permanent 21% increase both would have to be matched by an increase of about 9 hrs per week in food production in order to reach the full cost of a nutritious diet. This increase seems very unlikely based on historical time allocation patterns. More is needed to be done to increase SNAP benefit adequacy either through further increases to benefit levels and/or through education and outreach efforts designed to improve skills of home meal preparation and time management.
Teaching Problematization of a Design Capstone Project. Presentation of a Pedagogical Tool

The research phase preluding a design capstone project is challenging for both students and instructors. In a situation where students are free to work on a topic of their choosing, a preset, generic research design is not suitable. Imposing a rigid framework would endanger the possibility of students truly examining and capturing the complexity of their project problematic. This would also be considered a counterpoint to the learning goal of teaching students how to engage in problematization, a skill highly valued in contemporary design practice. This reality raises the following question: how are instructors supposed to monitor and support students in this process? To address this problem, a teaching assignment called the Newspaper was designed. The Newspaper is an open and flexible framework, based on a digital platform, through which students can organize their research findings and reflections, while ensuring enough flexibility for students to deploy appropriate and relevant research methods. This assignment gives students freedom in terms of their research design, but also has certain constraints to ensure the intelligibility of the research process. This paper presents the Newspaper assignment in detail and discusses its impacts after it is used by three cohorts of industrial design students.
The Differential Equation y' = f(x, y)

Our objective in this chapter is to solve the differential equation y' = f(x, y) for a suitable class of continuous real-valued functions f of two real variables x and y, where a “solution” is understood to be a real-valued (continuously differentiable) function φ : I → ℝ, defined on a suitable interval I, such that φ'(x) = f(x,φ(x)) for all x ϵ I.
Stress and Deflection

Uniform distribution of stresses is an assumption that is frequently considered in the design process. Depending upon the way the force is applied to an element, the result is called pure tension (compression) or pure shear, respectively. The uniform stress distribution requires that the bar to be straight and made of a homogeneous material; the line of action of the force contains the centroid of the section. Shear stresses are positive when they are in the clockwise direction and negative when they are in the counterclockwise direction. This chapter provides an introduction to the Mohr's Circle, which is a graphical method to visualize the stress state. The normal stresses are plotted along the abscissa axis of the coordinate system and the shear stresses along the ordinate axis. Tensile normal stresses are considered positive, and compressive normal stresses are negative. Clockwise shear stresses are considered positive, while counterclockwise shear stresses are negative.
A Feedback Loop Couples Musashi-1 Activity to Omega-9 Fatty Acid Biosynthesis: A Dissertation

All living creatures change their gene expression program in response to nutrient availability and metabolic demands. Nutrients and metabolites can directly control transcription and activate second-­‐messenger systems. In bacteria, metabolites also affect post-­‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, but there are only a few isolated examples of this regulation in eukaryotes. Here, I present evidence that RNA-­‐binding by the stem cell translation regulator Musashi-­‐1 (MSI1) is allosterically inhibited by 18-­‐22 carbon ω-­‐9 monounsaturated fatty acids. The fatty acid binds to the N-­‐terminal RNA Recognition Motif (RRM) and induces a conformational change that prevents RNA association. Musashi proteins are critical for development of the brain, blood, and epithelium. I identify stearoyl-­‐CoA desaturase-­‐1 as a MSI1 target, revealing a feedback loop between ω-­‐9 fatty acid biosynthesis and MSI1 activity. To my knowledge, this is the first example of an RNA-­‐binding protein directly regulated by fatty acid. This finding may represent one of the first examples of a potentially broad network connecting metabolism with post-­‐transcriptional regulation.
Mantener al mundo "fuera de balance": el autocontrol y la política exterior de Estados Unidos

Politica exterior, relaciones internacionales, hegemonia estadunidense, liberalismo, posguerra, orden mundial. Estados Unidos, potencia, realismo politico, balance de poder, foreign policy, foreign affairs, American hegemony, liberalism, post-war, world order, United States, power, political realism, balance of power
Profession seeks prescription for solving pharmacist shortage

Heather Palmer has completed only her first year in pharmacy at Dalhousie University, but unless conditions in the industry change drastically over the next 3 years there will be plenty of jobs waiting when she gets graduates. In Canada there are currently more than 1000 openings for pharmacists,
Depression in Cancer Patients

Oncologists commonly encounter patients with depressive symptoms. It is important for the clinician to recognize and treat these symptoms in cancer patients, since they can occur for both physical and psychological reasons. This chapter describes assessment of depression, differentiating between types and causes of depressive disorders, and treatment interventions. Risk factors for suicide, assessment and management of suicide are also reviewed.
Austrian Economics and Public Choice

In this introduction, we will first discuss the methodological affinities between the market process and public choice approaches to political economy, and then suggest that because of these affinities market process scholars should feel at home using public choice analysis to study politics, and public choice scholars should feel at home using market process analysis to study the economy. In a fundamental sense, public choice theory refers to the application of the economic way of thinking to study the political process. 1 The economic way of thinking deals with individual decision-making, and exchange relationships in a variety of social settings. Mises is arguably the first scholar to champion a unification of the social sciences by way of a common rational choice model. 2 And, Hayek should be recognized as one of the forerunners of the economics of politics with his The Road to Serfdom (1945) and constitutional political economy with his The Constitution of Liberty (1960). 3 Furthermore, Buchanan and Tullock's contribution to modern political economy touch on these themes: rational choice, catallactics or exchange, and constitutional construction. The papers in this special issue of The Review of Austrian Economics by Buchanan and Vanberg, Levy, Foldvary, and Naka point to the strong methodological and theoretical affinities between public choice and market process economists. The papers by Holcombe, Sutter, Benson, and Lopez move from the methodological and theoretical level to the realm of applied theory and empirical work.
The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans food groups associated with decreased inflammation (370.3)

Chronic systemic inflammation has been associated with cardiometabolic diseases such as heart disease, stroke and diabetes. We previously demonstrated that diet quality, as assessed by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI_2010), is associated with overall inflammation status. To further explore this relationship, associations between DGA food groups and inflammation were examined among 715 male and 833 female participants of the Framingham Offspring Cohort. DGAI_2010 component scores for adherence to the recommended energy-specific consumption of 12 food groups were determined, and an inflammation total score (IS-pro15) was calculated from the ranked values of 15 pro-inflammatory biomarkers (CRP, fibrinogen, IL-6, TNFα, TNFR2, OPG, MCP-1, P-selectin, CD40L, ICAM, MPO, LPL A2 mass, LPL A2 activity, isocreatine and resistin). A multivariable linear regression model for IS-pro15 was established through backward selection, and after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, smoking and use of NSAIDS...
Improved Agar Bottle Plate for Isolation of Methanogens or Other Anaerobes in a Defined Gas Atmosphere

A bottle plate for the cultivation of methanogens or other organisms in a defined pressurized-gas atmosphere was developed. The bottle provides the convenience of an agar streak plate, solves the problem of the water exudate from agar medium, and provides a convenient way of adding or sampling a defined gas atmosphere.
Comparative model study of two-photon deterministic passive quantum logical gates

We use the ``modes of the universe'' approach to study a cavity-mediated two-photon logical gate recently proposed by Koshino, Ishizaka, and Nakamura. We clarify the relationship between the more commonly used input-output formalism and that of Koshino et al. and show that some elements of this gate had been anticipated by other authors. We conclude that their proposed gate can work both in the good and bad cavity limits, provided only that the pulses are long enough. Our formalism allows us to estimate analytically the size of the various error terms and to follow the spectral evolution of the field+cavity system in the course of the interaction.
Thermal Effects on the Circular Dichroism Spectra of Ribonuclease A and of Ribonuclease S-Protein

The thermal denaturation of ribonuclease A and of S-protein in neutral aqueous solutions has been studied by means of their circular dichroism spectra. For RNase A, the positive circular dichroism extremum near 241 mµ shows a biphasic dependence upon temperature, a linear change between 15° and 50° being followed by a sharp one above 52°. The negative circular dichroism extremum at 277 mµ exhibits only a sharp change at the higher temperatures and appears unchanged between 10° and 50°. Upon cooling of the solution from 65°, enzymic activity is fully recovered, as is the initial magnitude of the 277 mµ extremum, but the ellipticity of the cooled solution at 241 mµ is lower. A positive circular dichroism extremum at 237 mµ is observed in spectra of S-protein below 25°, as well as a negative circular dichroism extremum at 277 mµ; both of these extrema disappear upon heating. In contrast to RNase A, the thermal changes observed for S-protein are not reversible.
New Risks, New Products, and New Regulations: Insurance for the 21st Century

This Barbon Institute study considers some of the key issues and problems facing the insurance industry at the start of the 21st century, including terrorism risk, natural disasters, insurance accounting issues, and problems with the current regulatory structure. And it outlines important steps that insurers and regulators can take to address and alleviate these problems.
A survey of public opinion about connected vehicles in the U.S., the U.K., and Australia

This survey examined public opinion regarding connected-vehicle technology across three large English-speaking countries — the U.S., the U.K., and Australia. The survey yielded useable responses from 1,596 persons over the age of 18. The main results were as follows: • The majority of respondents had not previously heard of connected-vehicle technology; however, most had a positive initial opinion of the technology. • The majority felt that the expected benefits presented in the survey are likely to occur. • Respondents generally expressed a high level of concern regarding the security and performance issues presented in the survey. • The majority of those surveyed stated that safety was the most important aspect of connected vehicles. • Most individuals said that it is important for personal communication devices to integrate with connected vehicles, as well as for such vehicles to have Internet connectivity. • The majority of respondents expressed a desire to have this technology in their vehicle. • Willingness to pay for connected-vehicle technology was very similar across the three countries. The main implications of these results are that the general public in the three countries surveyed feel positive about connected vehicles, have optimistic expectations of the benefits (while still maintaining some concerns), and generally desire connected-vehicle technology when it becomes available.
El Perro Del Hortelano

Sirvase notar que el texto presentado aqui esta basado en varios impresos tempranos y modernos de EL PERRO DEL HORTELANO. Fue preparado por Vern Williamsen en esta forma electronica en el ano 1995, empleando un "scanner"electronico y luego editado y encodificado. El texto ha sido repasado varias veces por medios personales y electronicos pero todavia puede contener errores de naturaleza tipografica o de codificacion. Si, por suerte, algunos se encuentran, haga el favor de escribir una nota a vwilliam@u.arizona.edu. Agradezco su ayuda en el trabajo de depuracion. Este texto esta presentado solamente para usos academicos. Para cualquier otro empleo, pongase en contacto con el encargado de la lista. Vern G. Williamsen, 21 de noviembre de 1995.
Indirectly estimated multiuser detectors for code-division multiple-access signals and their adaptive implementation

This paper presents indirectly estimated adaptive (IDEA) detectors for signals in CDMA channels. Multiuser CDMA detection is formulated as an inverse problem in the presence of noise and the estimation of the detector parameters is accomplished using elements of regularization theory. The development of IDEA detectors relies on computational procedures designed to reduce the effect of noise and interfering users on their performance. The detector parameters can be computed by an adaptive algorithm that requires no matrix inversion.
Phytohemagglutinin-induced differentiation and blastogenesis of precursor t cells from mouse bone marrow.

The cells in mouse bone marrow (BM) capable of responding to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) were shown to be precursor T cells in experiments employing athymic mice, immunofluorescence, and specific lysis of T or B cells with cytotoxic antisera + complement. In contrast, the responses of lymph node (LN) and spleen (Spl) cells to this mitogen were shown by the same techniques to rely upon resident populations of mature T lymphocytes in these peripheral lymphoid organs. Cytolysis of T cells with anti-theta (anti-Thy 1), anti-thymocyte, or anti-brain antisera abolished the PHA responses of LN and Spl, but had no appreciable effect on the BM PHA response. Lysis of B cells with anti-mouse gamma globulin or anti-mouse IgM antisera had no significant effect on either Spl or BM blastogenesis in response to this lectin. Immunofluorescent studies with fluoresceinated anti-brain sera demonstrated acquisition of T-cell surface antigens by BM null lymphocytes during the blastogenic response of this tissue to PHA. The results of these immunofluorescence experiments were reproducible even when marrow obtained from nude mice and pretreated with anti-brain serum plus complement was employed. The implications of these findings with regard to prophylaxis against graft versus host disease in BM transplant recipients are discussed.
Pharmacist’s Role in Dispensing Opioids for Acute and Chronic Pain:

Pain continues to be a serious health care concern in the United States. Patients with chronic pain experience the impact of the disease throughout their lives including their social interactions, family relationships, and in many cases economic productivity. Multiple surveys have found that many pharmacists hold misconceptions regarding opioids, pain disease states, and their understandings of current regulations. Multiple barriers affect the ability of pharmacists to deliver care to patients' prescribed opioid therapy. Inadequate communication between health care professionals and patients is one of the hurdles, which prevents quality care. Increased communication between health care providers including access to health information is one step, which is crucial to improving provision of pharmacotherapy. Finally, the quality of educational opportunities relative to opioids and pain management specifically for pharmacists needs to be increased, and consideration needs to be given for making appropriate pain management education mandatory.
It’s Not About Technology

It is argued that the question “Can we trust technology?” is unanswerable because it is open-ended. Only questions about specific issues that can have specific answers should be entertained. It is further argued that the reason the question cannot be answered is that there is no such thing as Technology simpliciter. Fundamentally, the question comes down to trusting people and even then, the question has to be specific about trusting a person to do this or that.
On reversal-bounded picture languages

Abstract For an integer k⩾0, a k-reversal-bounded picture language is a chain-code picture language which is described by a language L over the alphabet π = {u,d,r,l} such that, for every word x in L, the number of alternating occurrences of r's and l's in x is bounded by k. It is shown that the membership problem can be solved in O(n4k + 4) time for k-reversal-bounded regular picture languages, for every k⩾1, and is NP-complete for 1-reversal-bounded stripe linear picture languages. The membership problem is known to be NP-complete for regular and context-free picture languages without restriction on the number of reversals and solvable in O(n) time (O(n12) time) for 0-reversal-bounded regular (context-free) picture languages. Whether the membership problem for stripe context-free picture languages could be solved in polynomial time has been an open problem. Other basic properties of reversal-bounded picture languages are also presented.
Pathological features of IgG4-related sclerosing disease.

Purpose of reviewThe spectrum of IgG4-related systemic disease (IgG4-RSD) continues to widen. At most of the sites involved by this condition, the clinical presentation can mimic neoplasm. Pathologic assessment of small biopsies can be critical to proper management. This review summarizes the histol
Parsing extended LR(k) grammars

An extended LR(k) (ELR(k)) grammar is a context free grammar in which the right sides of the productions are regular expressions and which can be parsed from left to right with k symbol look-ahead. We present a practical algorithm for producing small fast parsers directly from certain ELR(k) grammars, and an algorithm for converting the remaining ELR(k) grammars into a form that can be processed by the first algorithm. This method, when combined with previously developed methods for improving the efficiency of LR(k) parsers, usually produces parsers that are significantly smaller and faster than those produced by previous LR(k) and ELR(k) algorithms.
The impact of bargaining and bargaining statutes on the earnings of public school teachers: A comparison in California and Missouri

Abstract Among labor economists there is a long-standing interest in the effects of collective bargaining in the public sector. Among industrial relations experts interest exists in the impact that differences in the legal status of public bargaining have on the outcomes of the bargaining process. It is the purpose of this article to shed some light on both questions by estimating the impact of collective bargaining on the earnings of public school teachers in the state of Missouri and then comparing the results with those obtained in the previous study for the state of California. The results reveal the same basic patterns and magnitudes of bargaining effects in the two states despite the differences in the legal status of bargaining.
Can Warranties Substitute for Reputations

In markets where product quality is imperfectly observed or delivery is uncertain, seller reputations and product guarantees or warranties can impact equilibrium prices and quantities. Using data from a decentralized online market, this paper empirically investigates the substitutability of product guarantees for seller reputation. I find that a u guaranteed or your money back" promise from the market maker does not substitute for reputation, either in determining price or the probability of sale. The most likely causes of the policy's ineffectiveness are delays in buyer response to the guarantee and skepticism about reimbursement in the event of fraud. {JEL D82, L14, L15, L81, M31) any marketplace, buyers must place a certain degree of faith in suppliers regarding quality and delivery. Oftentimes, the potential of repeat business acts as a moderator of dishonesty in the seller. When this is not the case, such as in markets characterized by one-time purchases, a seller's reputation is paramount in instilling confidence in his customers. But what if sellers do not have reputations? Or, in the case where some do, what can new sellers do to compete? The institution that has evolved to solve this potential moral hazard problem is the warranty policy. In marketplaces with many individual competing sellers, frequently a "warranty-like" policy covering these sellers' goods is enacted by the market maker, who may be better known than the individual sellers. E-commerce (eBay, Amazon, etc.) provides numerous examples of a larger entity guaranteeing the quality of smaller sellers' products. In this paper, I empirically analyze the ability of a market- wide warranty policy, in the form of a "guaranteed or your money back" promise from the market maker, to substitute for individual retailers' reputations. To do so, I use data from a large online auction marketplace that enacted such a policy.1 The majority of the paper analyzes the tractor market. In this market, a seller's reputation is based on quality scores given by market participants following a transaction. Reputations are well understood and important for buyers in this market
Effect of Working Distance on Properties of Sputtered Molybdenum Films

Molybdenum back contact deposition is a bottleneck in high volume manufacturing due to the current state of art where multi layer molybdenum film needs to be deposited to achieve the required properties. In order to understand and solve this problem experiments were carried out. The effect of working distance (distance between the target and the substrate) on film properties was studied and is presented in this work. Earlier work carried out at Florida Solar Energy Center reflected on the effect of the sputtering power and working gas pressure on the film properties. This work is continuation of that effort in understanding effects of various sputtering parameters and determining the possible route to develop single layer molybdenum films with the required properties of near zero stress, low resistivity and good adhesion to substrate.
On the Asymptotic Number of Tournament Score Sequences

Abstract An n-tournament is a complete labelled digraph on n vertices without loops or multiple arcs. A tournament's score sequence is the sequence of the out-degrees of its vertices arranged in nondecreasing order. The number Sn of distinct score sequences arising from all possible n-tournaments, as well as certain generalizations are investigated. A lower bound of the form S n > C 1 4 n n 5 2 (C1 a constant) and an upper bound of the form S n C 2 4 n n 2 are proved. A q-extension of the Catalan numbers c 1 (q)=1 and c n (q)= ∑ i−1 n−1 c i (q)c n−1 (q)q i(n−i−1) is defined. It is conjectured that all coefficients in the polynomial Cn(q) are at most O( 4 n n 3 ) . It is shown that if this conjecture is true, then S n C 3 4 n n 5 2
Interaction of Casein Components as Measured by Turbidity

Summary Turbidity measurements at zero and 36C showed interactions between isolated casein components in the presence of 0.008 m calcium. Stable casein dispersions were obtained with final concentrations of 0.1 to 1.0 mg/ml, depending upon the component studied. Strong interactions were established for κ -casein with either α s -casein or β -casein. A possible explanation is offered for the fact that the sum of β + κ -caseins can be measured in whole casein by a similar method, although purified components when added to whole casein may cause a decrease in the temperature-sensitive increment. The method can be used to estimate the purity of isolated casein fractions, because of marked changes in turbidity produced by trace amounts of other casein fractions in the purified fraction.
Sensitive microbiological detector for air pollution.

THERE is an extensive literature on the photochemical reactions involved in the production of smog, which is reviewed in refs. 1. and 2. Early investigations of this problem3–5 revealed that at extremely low concentrations the oxidative constituents could damage the leaves of certain plants, and that differences in the leaf damage of plants at specified stages in their development could be used to characterize various types of smog oxidants6–8 Went9 contrasts the vulnerability of the photosynthetic cells in a leaf, which must operate by gaseous diffusion in very low carbon dioxide gradients between the free air and the cell contents, with the relatively protected position of the corresponding cells in the human respiratory system. He points out the advantages of exploiting the sensitivity of plant cells to give warning that the tolerance levels in pollution are being exceeded.
Comparison of Somatomedin Activity in Perfusates of Normal and Hypophysectomized Rat Livers With and Without Added Growth Hormone

We compared the somatomedin (SM) activity of perfusates of livers from normal and hypophysectomized (hypox) rats with and without the addition of growth hormone (GH) to the perfusions. Livers were perfused for a total of 3 hours, with a change of Waymouth's medium MB 752⁄1 every 30 min, in a continuously recirculating system. SM activity was estimated by the stimulation of the incorporation of sulfate by hypox rat costal cartilage incubated in vitro. Endogenous SM activity (no addition of GH) in the perfusates of the livers of normal rats was initially 136 ± 17% above buffer levels (mean ± SE) and fell gradually to nearbuffer levels over the first 2½ hours. Endogenous SM activity in the perfusates of livers from hypox rats was initially 72 ± 10% above buffer levels, significantly lower than that of the normal livers, and reached buffer levels with the fifth medium change. Pretreatment of hypox rats with GH in vivo increased their initial liver perfusate SM activity to 134 ± 25%, comparable to that of norm...
A redetermination of the ice/vapor ratio of Enceladus' plumes: Implications for sublimation and the lack of a liquid water reservoir

The discovery of plumes of H2O vapor and ice particles erupting from the south pole of Enceladus, the tiny frigid satellite of Saturn, sparked controversy over whether these plumes are produced by boiling, or by sublimation with subsequent recondensation of the sublimated vapor [Porco, C.C., Helfenstein, P., Thomas, P.C., Ingersoll, A.P., Wisdom, J., West, R., Neukum, G., Denk, T., Wagner, R., Roatsch, T., Kieffer, S., Turtle, E., McEwen, A., Johnson, T.V., Rathbun, J., Veverka, J., Wilson, D., Perry, J., Spitale, J., Brahic, A., Burns, J.A., DelGenio, A.D., Dones, L., Murray, C.D., Squyres, S., 2006. Science 311, 1393‐1401]. Porco et al.’s analysis that the masses of ice (I) and vapor (V) in the plume were comparable was taken to argue against the occurrence of sublimation and recondensation, leading to the hypothesis that the reservoir was boiling water, possibly as close as 7 m to the surface. Thus, it has been advocated that Enceladus should be a target for astrobiology exploration. Here we show, with recalculations using the original data and methodologies, as well as with new sensitivity studies, that the mass of ice in the column is significantly less than the mass of water vapor, and that by considering three additional effects, I/V is likely to be <0.2‐0.1. This means that the plume is dominated by vapor that the thermodynamics permits to be easily produced by sublimation with recondensation. The low I/V ratio provides no compelling criterion for consideration of a liquid water reservoir. The uncertainties on the I/V ratio have not previously been discussed in the literature. Although the I/V ratio is sensitive to particle sizes and size distributions, the masses of ice (I) and vapor (V) are not comparable in any scenario constrained by available observations. We thus discuss the implications of sublimation from a thermodynamic point of view in a context that has not been presented previously. Constraints on I/V ratio from future spacecraft measurements of the plume, in conjunction with consideration of the total plume composition and multicomponent analysis, can help constrain source conditions for the plume.
Varicella pneumonia in a bone marrow-transplanted, immune-reconstituted adenosine deaminase-deficient patient with severe combined immunodeficiency disease.

Bone marrow transplantation provides an important modality for “enzyme replacement” and the immune reconstitution of patients with adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency and severe combined immunodeficiency disease. We report a patient with ADA deficiency who develops severe varicella pneumonia 6 years after successful bone marrow transplantation and immune reconstitution. Marked abnormalities in T-cell mitogen responsiveness and pokeweed mitogen-induced polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis occurred. Coculture experiments suggested the presence of increased suppressor activity. T-cell phenotyping showed decreased T3 and T4 subsets. These abnormalities slowly resolved over several months as the patient recovered from the varicella infection. ADA enzyme levels and metabolite concentrations in urine and erythrocytes remained unchanged. These findings, together with the chromosome and immune studies, suggested that the bone marrow graft remained intact. These studies indicate that immunologically reconstituted ADA-deficient patients may be at higher risk for complications related to varicella infection and suggest that the institution of preventive measures is important.
Antigenic differences among the voltage-sensitive sodium channels in the peripheral and central nervous systems and skeletal muscle

Antisera prepared against the voltage-sensitive sodium channel purified from rat brain are able to distinguish antigenic differences between the sodium channels in peripheral nerve tissue, the central nervous system, and in skeletal muscle. These results indicate that, in spite of many well-documented similarities among the sodium channels of all excitable tissues, there are biochemical differences that may prove important in future studies of the regulation and molecular mechanisms of electrical excitability.
Tensile properties of HA 230 and HA 188 after 400 and 2500 hour exposures to LiF-22CaF2 and vacuum at 1093 K

The solid-to-liquid phase transformation of the nominal LiF-20CaF2 eutectic at 1043 K is considered to be an ideal candidate thermal energy storage mechanism for a space based low temperature Brayton cycle solar dynamic system. Although Co, Fe, and Ni superalloys are thought to be suitable containment materials for LiF based salts, long term containment is of concern because molten fluorides are usually corrosive and Cr can be lost into space through evaporation. Two examples of commercially available superalloys in sheet form, the Ni base material HA 230 and the Co base material HA 88, have been exposed to molten LiF-22CaF2, its vapor and vacuum at 1093 K for 400 and 2500 hr. Triplicate tensile testing of specimens subjected to all three environments have been undertaken between 77 to 1200 K. Comparison of the weight gain data, microstructure, and tensile properties indicate that little, if any, difference in behavior can be ascribed to the exposure environment.