cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intoxicated cells and stomach ulcers.

Helicobacter pylori induces chronic gastritis in virtually all hosts, yet only a fraction of colonized patients ever develop peptic ulcer disease. A new study shows that binding of the H. pylori virulence determinant VacA by a receptor tyrosine phosphatase, Ptprz, modifies the phosphorylation pattern of gastric epithelial cell proteins and leads to cellular detachment. As activation of Ptprz also results in gastric injury and ulceration in vivo, these findings help explain why VacA-expressing strains of H. pylori augment the risk for peptic ulcer disease
Modeling Combinatorial Optimization Problems using Electimize

Abstract Electimize is a newly-developed evolutionary algorithm (EA) that utilizes the fundamentals of electric conductivity to solve optimization problems. Specifically, Electimize utilizes the relationship between the intensity and resistance (Ohm's law) to evaluate the quality of possible solutions. Electimize was mainly developed to overcome some of the limitations of existing EAs. The advantages of Electimize over other EAs include: 1) its ability to evaluate each value in the solution string independently, which helps in identifying the optimal solution in a relatively shorter duration, and 2) its internal mechanisms, which allow for extensive search of the solution space, identification of alternate optimal solutions, and avoidance of premature convergence. Electimize has been applied successfully to a number of optimization problems in various engineering fields. The results show that Electimize outperforms some other EAs that are commonly used in solving these problems. A main limitation of Electimize is the incorporation of several parameters in the algorithm, which requires a solid understanding of its mechanism in order to effectively use it in optimization. This paper discusses the internal mechanisms and functions of Electimize, the effective initialization of optimization parameters, and how the functions of the algorithm interact together to generate the solution. A detailed step-by-step application example is solved to illustrate the operation of the algorithm in solving combinatorial optimization problems. This should prove useful in exposing the algorithm to researchers and facilitating its use in solving combinatorial optimization problems in other research domains.
SEARCHES FOR CHARMED PENTAQUARKS AT CDF

Recently the H1 Collaboration observed a narrow peak in D*-p invariant mass spectrum from what is believed to be an anti-charmed pentaquark baryon state with quark content, produced in deep inelastic scattering in ep collisions at HERA. This new state was tentatively named as being an anti-charmed analog of Θ+ pentaquark discovered in 2003 by LEPS Collaboration. The upgraded CDF detector is sensitive to production of charmed pentaquark states in central rapidity region due to ability to trigger on displaced tracks from weakly decaying daughter hadrons. At this conference we report results of searches for anti-charmed pentaquark and its charged isospin partner in collisions at at Tevatron.
Computer simulation of crystal growth on a fcc surface

Abstract Positive and negative crystal growth has been simulated on a (100) surface of a fcc crystal. The results show considerable similarities with the behavior of simple cubic surfaces, as far as the values of the interatomic bond energy and of the free energy for crystallization at which transition from smooth to rough surfaces occur. Growth rates are smaller, reflecting the formation of a sizable area where both deposition and removal of atoms is hindered. The surface roughness at equilibrium is similar to that obtained by computer simulation by other authors on a (100) surface of a Kossel crystal and it is close to that of a two-dimensional square lattice.
Carbon monoxide adsorption and oxidation on monolayer films of cubic platinum nanoparticles investigated by infrared-visible sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy.

The adsorption and oxidation of CO on monolayer films of cubic Pt nanoparticles synthesized by a modified solution-phase polyol process were examined by sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy in total internal reflection (TIR) geometry. Extremely low incident laser power (∼5 μJ/pulse of infrared) yields sufficient SFG intensity in TIR geometry and reduces destructive interference. Because TIR-SFG spectroscopy does not require correction for bulk gas absorption, CO spectra can be collected over a wide pressure range (<1 mTorr up to 700 Torr). Poly(vinylpyrrolidone)-capped Pt nanoparticles deposited on single-crystal sapphire were monitored under high-pressure reaction conditions in a combined spectroscopy-catalytic reactor cell. The effect of the capping polymer on the position and intensity of the CO peak was studied before and after low-temperature calcination. The polymer decreased the amount of CO adsorption and caused a slight red-shift of the atop CO band relative to a surface treate...
A study of blood constituents in pollinosis with and without treatment

Abstract 1.1. Since it has been shown that allergic symptoms which develop in pollinosis are not due to changes in the blood calcium or potassium, it is not surprising that the protective action of vitamin D is not correlated in any way with changes in these or any other constituents of the blood. 2.2. The nature of the protective action of vitamin D in pollinosis cannot be determined from data available at present. 3.3. Vitamin D in doses large enough to protect against pollen allergy should not be administered to patients with any pathologic condition of the kidney. 4.4. The protective action of vitamin D either alone or in combination with pollen hyposensitization is not apparent in doses less than 4,000 units per kilogram of body weight in any large number of subjects. 5.5. The combination of vitamin D and pollen hyposensitization gave measurable protection against the symptoms of allergy in pollinosis in about 90 per cent of all subjects. Complete relief was apparent in approximately 6 per cent of all subjects so treated in the three seasons.
Active delivery cable tuned to device deployment state: enhanced visibility of nitinol occluders during preclinical interventional MRI.

Purpose: To develop an active delivery system that enhances visualization of nitinol cardiac occluder devices during deployment under real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: We constructed an active delivery cable incorporating a loopless antenna and a custom titanium microscrew to secure the occluder devices. The delivery cable was tuned and matched to 50Ω at 64 MHz with the occluder device attached. We used real-time balanced steady state free precession in a wide-bore 1.5T scanner. Device-related images were reconstructed separately and combined with surface-coil images. The delivery cable was tested in vitro in a phantom and in vivo in swine using a variety of nitinol cardiac occluder devices. Results: In vitro, the active delivery cable provided little signal when the occluder device was detached and maximal signal with the device attached. In vivo, signal from the active delivery cable enabled clear visualization of occluder device during positioning and deployment. Device release resulted in decreased signal from the active cable. Postmortem examination confirmed proper device placement. Conclusion: The active delivery cable enhanced the MRI depiction of nitinol cardiac occluder devices during positioning and deployment, both in conventional and novel applications. We expect enhanced visibility to contribute to the effectiveness and safety of new and emerging MRI-guided treatments. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2012;36:972–978. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishment of a normal range of morphometric values for peroxisomes in paediatric liver

The size and number of hepatic peroxisomes was investigated in 16 control paediatric liver biopsies from patients ranging in age from 3 months to 18 years one fetal liver specimen and one paediatric autopsy liver. The area, diameter, volume density (Vv), numerical density (Nv) and surface density (Sv) of the peroxisomes was recorded using randomly selected electron micrographs. The mean diameter of peroxisomes in control paediatric liver was 0.56 Μm, the mean Vv was 1.67%, the mean Nv was 0.125 per Μm+3 and the mean Sv was 0.161 per Μm. No correlation was found between the size and number of hepatic peroxisomes and the age or sex of the patient. Peroxisomes in the fetal liver were smaller than those in biopsy tissue and had a mean diameter of 0.42 Μm. Peroxisomes were identified in autopsy tissue and were enlarged with a mean diameter of 0.75 Μm, most probably due to post-mortem swelling. A range of morphometric values in paediatric liver has now been established.
A new methodology of using design of experiments as a precursor to neural networks for material processing: extrusion die design

Extrusion die design and making is an art and a science. In present day extrusions using composites, polymers, and other new alloys, the product geometries are extremely complicated. The flow analysis inside an extrusion die using finite element analysis (FEA) is tedious and time consuming. To optimize the design of a die one needs to perform hundreds of runs, requiring several weeks or months of computer time. In the past researchers have used neural networks (NN) to optimize the design and predict flow patterns for newly designed dies of similar geometries. But, even for NN it has been proven that one needs a few thousand runs to train a network and accurately predict the flow. This paper shows a new methodology of using design of experiments (DOE) as a precursor to identify the importance of some variables and thus reduce the data set needed for training a NN. Based on the DOE results, a neural network training set is generated with more variations for the most significant inputs. A comparison of design using only NN versus using DOE and then NN is shown. The results indicate a significant reduction in the size of the training set, the time required for training and improvement in accuracy of the predicted results. To reduce the analysis time, a newly developed upper bound technique was used for generating the training set. The DOE model is extremely fast and can be used for real time (online) control of the process.
A sex chromatin negative individual with chromosomes (XO) plus a persistent centric fragment

I. G. was a 3~-year -o ld white female, the fourth child in a sibship of five. Both parents and all siblings were normal. The family history is noncontributory. At the time of the patient's birth, the mother was 30 years of age and the father 27. Very early in pregnancy, the mother was involved in an airplane accident following which she underwent diagnostic roentgenographic studies o f the skull and chest. Pregnancy was full term; the delivery was normal. The birth weight was 5 pounds, 10 ounces. Intellectual and physical development have been grossly retarded. At 42 months of age, the patient walked with support, did not respond to her name, could hear and see but could not speak(I .Q; [Cattell score] was 19). At this time, she weighed 17~ pounds, measured 30 inches (both values are below the third percentile), and had a head circumference of 17~ inches. Blood pressure in upper extremities was 95/70
Condition assessment of a bridge superstructure using diagnostic performance indicators

With nearly one quarter of today's highway bridges rated as structurally deficient or functionally obsolete, it is ever more important to quantify the safe level of performance using in-situ structural health monitoring techniques. This paper discusses the experimental testing of a single simply supported span composite superstructure under various controlled progressive damage cases. The single span is part of a three span bridge located in northern New York. Using strain transducers mounted at the midspan and support locations, changes in load distribution factors and neutral axis locations are calculated to detect changes in load shedding behavior and structural capacity of the bridge span as diaphragm connections were severed and support conditions were altered to different levels. The results of the testing show that changes in the bridge response can be tracked as damage is introduced to the superstructure. The measurements are used to identify the diagnostic load testing parameters that can be used as structural health indicators that can in turn be used to complement current inspection protocols. Furthermore, the measurements also help provide a basis for future development of a performance index to be used in conjunction with existing condition rating measures for improved bridge condition assessment.
Universal grating design for pulse stretching and compression in the 800–1100-nm range

We have developed a holographically produced master metallic grating that achieves >91% diffraction efficiency over the wavelength range 800–1100 nm and a maximum diffraction efficiency at 1053 nm greater than 93% when used with TM polarization near the Littrow angle. The near-uniform diffraction efficiency with laser wavelength makes this design attractive for use in chirped-pulse amplification systems employing Ti:sapphire, Cr:LiSAF, or Nd:glass and permits high-fidelity stretching and compression of extremely short (10-fs) pulses.
Feeding and Drinking Behavior Problems

The physiologic and behavioral basis of normal canine and feline feeding is given in detail. Abnormalities of ingestive behavior include obesity and anorexia in both species, flank or blanket sucking in Doberman Pinschers, coprophagia and stone chewing in dogs, and wool chewing in cats. Drinking behavior is discussed briefly, and the abnormalities of hypernatremia (a failure of thirst) and psychogenic polydipsia and polyphagia are reviewed.
Three ways to successfully innovate your business model

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to find out what exactly the term business model innovation encompasses and what type yields the best results.Design/methodology/approach – IBM Consulting researchers first identified the main types of business model innovation, which can be used alone or in combination. They then compared these three types of business model innovation across 35 best practice cases.Findings – The study found that all new business models can be classified into three types: innovations in industry models; in revenue models and in enterprise models. A key finding was that each type of business model innovation, with the right strategy and strong execution can generate success.Practical implications – Researchers found that while network plays are being used by diverse companies in different industries and regions and of varying age, size and other characteristics, this tactic has been a particularly useful strategy for older companies.Originality/value – The study found that best busine...
Removal of BRCA1/CtIP/ZBRK1 repressor complex on ANG1 promoter leads to accelerated mammary tumor growth contributed by prominent vasculature

BRCA1 exerts transcriptional repression through interaction with CtIP in the C-terminal BRCT domain and ZBRK1 in the central domain. A dozen genes, including angiopoietin-1 (ANG1), a secreted angiogenic factor, are corepressed by BRCA1 and CtIP based on microarray analysis of mammary epithelial cells in 3D culture. BRCA1, CtIP, and ZBRK1 form a complex that coordinately represses ANG1 expression via a ZBRK1 recognition site in the ANG1 promoter. Impairment of this complex upregulates ANG1, which stabilizes endothelial cells that form a capillary-like network structure. Consistently, Brca1-deficient mouse mammary tumors exhibit accelerated growth, pronounced vascularization, and overexpressed ANG1. These results suggest that, besides its role in maintaining genomic stability, BRCA1 directly regulates the expression of angiogenic factors to modulate the tumor microenvironment.
Extension of spatial sharpening techniques for hyperspectral data

This paper describes our approach and presents measured results of the extension of multispectral sharpening techniques to hyperspectral imagery. Our approach produce high spatial resolution spectral imagery using a least squares estimator. The estimator is based on the underlying physics of the spectral imaging process. The intent of the process it to produce high spatial resolutions with the best possible spectral fidelity. The results on multiple test cases demonstrate sharpened imagery within 5% of the true high resolution hyperspectral values.
Cytokinins. New Insights into a Classic Phytohormone

Cytokinins were discovered in the search for factors that promoted division of plant cells in culture. Naturally occurring cytokinins are N 6-substituted adenine derivatives that generally contain an isoprenoid derivative side chain. These hormones influence numerous aspects of plant development and
Using digital holographic microscopy for simultaneous measurements of 3D near wall velocity and wall shear stress in a turbulent boundary layer

A digital holographic microscope is used to simultaneously measure the instantaneous 3D flow structure in the inner part of a turbulent boundary layer over a smooth wall, and the spatial distribution of wall shear stresses. The measurements are performed in a fully developed turbulent channel flow within square duct, at a moderately high Reynolds number. The sample volume size is 90 × 145 × 90 wall units, and the spatial resolution of the measurements is 3–8 wall units in streamwise and spanwise directions and one wall unit in the wall-normal direction. The paper describes the data acquisition and analysis procedures, including the particle tracking method and associated method for matching of particle pairs. The uncertainty in velocity is estimated to be better than 1 mm/s, less than 0.05% of the free stream velocity, by comparing the statistics of the normalized velocity divergence to divergence obtained by randomly adding an error of 1 mm/s to the data. Spatial distributions of wall shear stresses are approximated with the least square fit of velocity measurements in the viscous sublayer. Mean flow profiles and statistics of velocity fluctuations agree very well with expectations. Joint probability density distributions of instantaneous spanwise and streamwise wall shear stresses demonstrate the significance of near-wall coherent structures. The near wall 3D flow structures are classified into three groups, the first containing a pair of counter-rotating, quasi streamwise vortices and high streak-like shear stresses; the second group is characterized by multiple streamwise vortices and little variations in wall stress; and the third group has no buffer layer structures.
Accuracy of computed tomography in determining resectability for locally advanced primary or recurrent colorectal cancers.

Abstract Aim: To determine the accuracy of computed axial tomography (CT) in determining tumor resectability in patients with locally advanced primary (T4) or locally recurrent colorectal cancer. Methods: Computed tomography scans of 84 patients with “resectable” locally advanced primary rectal cancer (n = 12) or recurrent colorectal cancer (n = 72) were compared with the operative findings to assess the accuracy of abdominal and pelvic CT in determining extent of disease and resectability. Results: At surgery, disease was confined to the pelvis in 63 patients, the abdomen in 7, and involved both the pelvis and abdomen in 14. Computed tomography correctly identified these anatomic sites of tumor in 87% of patients, with 89% and 80% accuracies for pelvic and abdominal disease, respectively. Tumor resection was performed in 71 patients (85%), but was not in 13 patients because of locally unresectable disease in 8 and metastatic disease in 5. The accuracy of predicting tumor-related operability was 85%. With regard to adjacent organ resection, CT was accurate in determining the need for sacrectomy or hysterectomy, but overestimated the need for urinary organ resection. Based on histological examination of resection margins, CT correctly staged (n = 45) or overstaged (n = 9) 54 patients (64%) and understaged the remaining 30. The ability of CT to preoperatively predict a locally advanced tumor after preoperative radiation therapy as not being fixed was 30%, fixed but resectable 75%, and fixed but not resectable 25%. Conclusions: Computed tomography is generally reliable at identifying disease as being confined to one region, and for predicting the need for adjacent organ resection. It is less discriminating for predicting local tumor resectability.
North Korean Nuclear Test: Seismic Discrimination at Low Yield

North Korea carried out a widely reported nuclear explosion on 9 October 2006 at 0135 UTC at a location about 40 kilometers northwest of the city of Kilju (Figure 1). The location of the test determined from seismic signals recorded at 31 stations around the world was given as 41.294°N, 129.094°E in Quick Determination of Epicenters (QED) by the U.S. Geological Survey's National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), very close to Mantap-san (Mount Mantap, 2205 meters, see Figure lc). Further, since the late 1990s, surveillance satellites have detected tunneling activity in this area suspected to be indicative of North Korea preparing to conduct nuclear tests at this site [Broad et al, 2005].
Hexachlorobenzene Exposure From Contaminated DCPA in Vegetable Spraymen

Hexachlorobenzene (HCB) blood residues were found in 19 of 20 vegetable spraymen exposed to HCB-contaminated dimethyl-1-2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachloroterephthalate (DCPA). The mean level was 40 ± 63 parts per billion (ppb) with a range of 0 to 310 ppb. No definite physical or biochemical effects of this exposure were discovered. Specifically there was no evidence of cutaneous porphyria or abnormalities of uroporphyrin or coproporphyrin excretion. A positive correlation (P<.05) was found for HCB levels and δ-aminolevulinic acid excretion but this was interpreted skeptically.
Electric propulsion-fleet readiness at affordable costs

The successful development and demonstration of the Al-AgO primary battery system dramatically demonstrated the viability of electric power plants for torpedo propulsion. Present efforts are focused on the development and demonstration of very low cost, quiet, high performance, safe, environmentally compatible, rechargeable batteries for heavyweight and lightweight torpedoes and tactical-sized unmanned underwater vehicles. Electric power plants consisting of a rechargeable battery and a high reliability motor must be affordable to own and operate and enable turn around without teardown for today's fleet assets.
Beliefs and Holy Places: A Spiritual Geography of the Pimeria Alta

Beliefs and Holy Places: A Spiritual Geography of the Pimeria Alta. James S. Griffith. Tucson: University of Arizona, 1992. xxi + 218 pp., map, photographs, notes, bibliography, index. $32.50 (cloth). ISBN 0–8165–1261–2.
Probability and Statistics for the Engineering, Computing and Physical Sciences

Probability and statistics for the engineering, computing, and physical sciences , Probability and statistics for the engineering, computing, and physical sciences , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Study of current drive in deep sub-micrometer SOI PMOSFET'S

Sub-quarter micrometer PMOSFET's are fabricated on SOI films, exhibiting excellent short channel behavior low source-drain resistance, and remarkably large current drive and transconductance. For T/sub ox/=5.5 nm, saturation transconductances of 270 mS/mm at 300 K and 350 mS/mm at 80 K are achieved, which are the highest reported values for this oxide thickness. Direct measurements and simulation results show that the improved current drive is due to low series resistance, forward bias body effect and the reduction of body charge effect. >
Phloem differentiation in Coleus pith explants

A simple tissue culture protocol was used to examine phloem differentiation. Sieve tube elements differentiated from Coleus blumei Benth. pith parenchyma when pith blocks were explanted on to an agar medium containing sucrose and indole acetic acid. Growth regulator concentration had surprisingly little influence on the production of phloem cells. Increasing the availability of sucrose, however, resulted in an enhancement of phloem differentiation. Evidently phloem and xylem differentiation began at the same time in this system, and the concentration of sucrose determined the relative production of phloem cells.
Generalized linear mixed models a pseudo-likelihood approach

A useful extension of the generalized linear model involves the addition of random effects andlor correlated errors. A pseudo-likelihood estimation procedure is developed to fit this class of mixed models based on an approximate marginal model for the mean response. The procedure is implemented via iterated fitting of a weighted Gaussian linear mixed model to a modified dependent variable. The approach allows for flexible specification of covariance structures for both the random effects and the correlated errors. An estimate of an additional dispersion parameter for underlying exponential family distributions is optionally automatic. The method allows for subject-specific and population-averaged inference, and the Salamander data example from McCullagh and Nelder (1989) is used to illustrate both.
Unreadiness for Postpartum Discharge Following Healthy Term Pregnancy: Impact on Health Care Use and Outcomes

Abstract Objective To document the association between a lack of readiness, termed "unreadiness," for postpartum discharge and the health of mothers and their term newborns. Methods Prospective observational cohort study of 4300 mother-infant dyads in a national, pediatric, practice-based research network. The association between unreadiness for discharge and health care use, health-related behaviors, and health outcomes was analyzed by the use of bivariate, multivariate linear, and logistic models. Results Sixteen percent of mother-infant dyads were unready for discharge. Unreadiness was significantly associated with maternal and infant health care use and health outcomes but not independently associated with health-related behaviors. In multivariable analyses, after we controlled for important covariates and confounders, unready dyads had more calls to health care providers than ready dyads (13.3% increase for mothers, P = .01; 18.7% increase for infants, P P P P P Conclusions Unreadiness at postpartum discharge was associated with increased health care use and poorer health outcomes in the first 2 to 4 weeks after discharge. Discharge plans should be individualized and jointly tailored to a family's needs rather than to a set timescale.
Fatty acid methyl esters as a potential therapy against cerebral ischemia

Saturated fatty acids have been traditionally thought to be detrimental in circulation. However, we describe the beneficial effects of palmitic and stearic acid methyl esters as it relates to neuroprotection and cerebral vasodilatory properties in global and focal cerebral ischemia. The methyl esterification of fatty acids is not prominent in nature. However, it seems to have biological activity related to neuroprotection/vasodilation. We will discuss the etiology of cerebral ischemia such as stroke and cardiac arrest in terms of current and future treatment modalitiesas it relates to fatty acid-based therapies. This review is based on the meeting presentation at the “The Journees Chevreul, Lipids & Brain III 2015” in Paris on 16–18 March, 2015.
Lepidopteran herbivory and oral factors induce transcripts encoding novel terpene synthases in Medicago truncatula.

Terpenes are an important class of defense compounds that accumulate in plants after pathogen infection or arthropod injury. Sequences predicted to encode terpene synthases were selected from an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of Medicago truncatula. Four putative terpene synthase clones (MtTps1– MtTps4), originating from a chewing insect-damaged M. truncatula leaf cDNA library, were isolated. Transcript levels of each gene examined increased in response to artificial wounding, Spodoptera exigua herbivory, and treatment with volatile methyl jasmonate (meJA). Addition of S. exigua regurgitant to wound sites triggered transcript accumulation of MtTps1 and levels increased with higher concentrations of regurgitant. Furthermore, induction of MtTps1 occurred after application of N-linolenoyl-glutamate or N-linoleoyl-glutamate, factors found in lepidopteran regurgitant. Genomic DNA blots indicate that each of the putative proteins is encoded by a single-copy gene or a small gene family. Proteins encoded by MtTps3 and MtTps4 are imported into the soluble fraction of chloroplasts in in vitro assays, whereas proteins encoded by MtTps1 and MtTps2 are not imported into chloroplasts. Combined with sequence comparisons of multiple plant terpene synthases, the import data indicate that MtTps1 and MtTps2 likely encode sesquiterpene synthases and that MtTps3 and MtTps4 encode mono- or di-terpene synthases. In addition to serving as a valuable model legume species for genomic studies, M. truncatula should prove a valuable source of novel terpene-producing enzymes. Induction of wound-responsive genes by insect oral factors suggests that M. truncatula senses biotic damage through the presence of elicitors originating in the herbivore. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 58:114–127, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evolution of a Carbonate-Siliciclastic Platform: Middle to Upper Cambrian of Western Newfoundland: ABSTRACT

Middle to Upper Cambrian platform deposits of the Port au Port Peninsula in western Newfoundland are characterized by three large-scale, 100-250-m (330-820-ft) thick, sedimentary cycles or Grand Cycles. The lower half of each cycle consists of recessive-weathering, thinly interbedded lime mudstone, shales, and argillaceous dolostones. These sediments grade into a resistant-weathering, upper half-cycle of thick-bedded ooid and skeletal grainstones and laminated dolostones. Meter-scale, shallowing-upward cycles are developed throughout the Grand Cycles and are generally punctuated by stromatolite and thrombolite mounds and storm-derived deposits, such as flat-pebble conglomerates. The Port au Port sequence records cyclic migrations of a wide muddy tidal flat on the inner platform (recessive half cycle) and a peritidal carbonate sand shoal complex on the outer platform (resistant half cycle). These large-scale cycles are the products of environmental variations resulting from a complex interplay of differential rates of eustatic sea level change and basin subsidence. Grand Cycles are characteristic of stable, mixed carbonate-siliciclastic shelf environments. These cycles provide a framework for depositional and diagenetic models of many Cambrian shelf deposits, such as the Cambrian of the Great basin and the Canadian Cordillera. The Grand Cycles of the Port au Port Peninsula are the first to be studied in detail from the Appalachian orogene and provide additional insight into early Paleozoic shelf evolution. End_of_Article - Last_Page 462------------
Editorial: Bacillary Angiomatosis and Parenchymal Peliosis: Frequent Absence of Mucocutaneous Lesions

Bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and bacillary parenchymal pel­ iosis (BPP) are well-described manifestations of disseminated bartonella infections in severely immunocompromised patients [1, 2]. However, they are not currently included among the AIDS-defining opportunistic infections, nor have we deter­ mined if there are clinical features (aside from the appearance of cutaneous or mucosal BA) that allow us to diagnose these conditions. In the preceding article, Mohle-Boetani et al. describe a systematic study of the clinical features of 42 patients with bacillary angiomatosis (BA) and/or bacillary parenchymal pel­ iosis (BPP), as compared with those of 84 HIV-l-infected per­ sons selected from the rosters ofa clinic at the institution visited by case patients. Their findings underscore several important features of BA and BPP as they occur in those infected with HIV-I.
Realization of high speed switching of SiC power devices in voltage source converters

Four factors impact high speed switching of silicon carbide (SiC) devices in voltage source converters, including limited gate driving capability, cross-talk, parasitics associated in switching loop, and parasitics of inductive load. This paper focuses on a solution to mitigate the adverse impact of the aforementioned factors. First, an intelligent gate drive is developed for gate driving capability enhancement and cross-talk suppression. Second, placement and layout design of power devices, gate drive, and power stage board are proposed to minimize parasitics for fast switching and over-voltage mitigation. Third, an auxiliary filter is designed to mitigate the negative impact of inductive load's parasitics during the switching transient. Finally, by utilizing all techniques developed above, a three-phase voltage source inverter with Cree 1200-V/20-A SiC MOSFETs is established. Test results show that the switching behavior of SiC devices in actual three-phase voltage source inverter fed motor drives can mostly repeat the switching performance tested by the optimally-designed double pulse test.
Serondhomophony and Serendreduplication, Two New Concepts in Linguistics

I am coining two new sets of terms in the field of linguistics. The first set is 'serendhomophony'/'serendhomophones' and the second one is 'serendreduplicates'/'serendreduplication.'
Abstract 230: Factors Associated with Postarrest Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Therapy

Background: Most successfully resuscitated cardiac arrest patients do not survive to hospital discharge. Many of those have withdrawal of life sustaining therapy (WLST) as a result of a poor neurologic prognosis. Objectives: Determine characteristics of patients who have WLST post-arrest and the differences in their post-arrest care. Methods: We identified comatose post-arrest adult patients from 27 hospitals between 2000-2014. We stratified patients by whether they had WLST and analyzed demographic, arrest, and post-arrest variables. Results: Of 1439 patients analyzed, 558 (39%) patients had WLST. These patients differed in demographic, arrest, and post-arrest characteristics and treatments (Table 1). In multivariate regression analysis, patients who had WLST were more likely to have post-arrest neurology consults (OR 3.5; 95% CI: 2.3-5.3), less likely to go to the cardiac catheterization (OR 0.3; 95% CI: 0.2-0.5) or electrophysiology labs (OR 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.8), and had shorter hospital stays (OR 0.9...
Teaching the Law of Wrongs Without Searching for What is Right

This essay fits into a growing body of academic literature examining a crisis of identity in the legal profession. Three recent reports (Carnegie Foundation Report, MacCrate Report and Best Practice in Legal Education Report) link professional malaise to the the state of legal education in America. This essay argues that a significant problem is embedded in the structure and pedagogy of the traditional first-year curriculum. First-year students are typically not invited to develop an understanding of jurisprudence or professionalism in the first-year. Instead, the typical first-year pedagogy focuses on development of analytical ability and writing skill at the expense of development of a coherent legal philosophy.The typical student learns to set aside questions of justice in order to “learn the rules” and write the brief. Because students are not permitted to search for "right" answers to any question, students develop a fierce cynicism which follows them into the profession and manifests as professional malcontent. My argument is advanced in three parts. Part one examines the crisis of identity currently afflicting the legal profession and connects this problem to the place where professional identity is formed: law school. Part two follows a student through her first-year experience in torts and describes a process whereby the student loses her moral identity in order to obtain rigorous analytical ability. She learns to set aside her own qualms in order to learn “the law” but is not equipped nor given the opportunity to reconcile the law with her moral and ethical instincts. Part three then argues that this process is problematic because the first year lacks balance and proposes changes allowing the student to learn analytical ability without developing a cynical view of law and justice.
Prolonged Activation with Brief Synaptic Inputs in the Purkinje Cell: Intracellular Recording and Compartmental Modeling

Purkinje cells in crus IIa of rat cerebellar cortex often respond to brief tactile stimulation of the face with long lasting increases in activity. We examined the properties of single Purkinje cells leading to such prolonged responses using the methods of intracellular recording in vitro and computer simulation of a detailed Purkinje cell model. We found that brief electrical stimulation of the granule cell layer directly underlying recorded Purkinje cells is sufficient to trigger long lasting depolarizations and increases of spike rate. In the model, the simulation of a synchronous burst of excitatory synaptic input led to a very similar effect, which could be traced to subthreshold activation of dendritic voltage sensitive calcium currents. Consistent with this mechanism, the in vitro preparation as well as the model also showed a prolonged activation following brief depolarizing current injections. These results show that voltage sensitive dendritic currents are sufficient to explain long lasting responses to brief synaptic input and that this mechanism is likely to be important in the temporal integration of input information performed by cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Improving Healthcare Supply Chain Processes Via Data Standardization

Abstract:As the healthcare supply chain becomes increasingly complex, a key driver of the cost and quality of healthcare delivery is the logistics process. We conducted two surveys of healthcare supply chain professionals to investigate efficiencies and improvement opportunities within the healthcare supply chain. An important challenge identified by surveyed healthcare supply chain professionals is the lack of data standardization across the healthcare industry. The survey findings, including the benefits of and barriers to data standardization and how engineering managers can support progress toward standardized data in an improved healthcare supply chain, are presented and discussed in this article.
Participation, Education, and Political Competence: Evidence From a Sample of Italian Socialists *

Participation is one of the crises of political modernization. Along with the political awakening of masses of people has come the necessity of absorbing them meaningfully into the political system. The almost universally low levels of formal education and political competence contribute to the difficulties of mobilization. The most advanced polities are still seeking ways of making democratic participation effective; modernizing polities find the task even more formidable. This article examines the relationships among participation, education, and political competence in a sample of members of the Italian Socialist Party (PSI). Although Italy is an advanced polity, in average education and industrialization it lags behind the world leaders in Europe and North America; and in some respects patterns of participation likewise reflect a transitional stage. The PSI is probably the only democratic Socialist party of the classic Marxian type left in Western Europe. It is devoted to the democratic mobilization of the industrial and agricultural masses. But it also contains a substantial middle-class element, and thus provides an opportunity to study the relationship between participation and political competence for persons of different levels of formal education. There can be little doubt that differences in formal education have political consequences. The evidence is compelling that persons of high education participate more, are more knowledgeable, feel more efficacious, and exhibit greater sensitivity to the ideological dimensions of politics. Evidence from a sample of members of the PSI reinforces and refines these findings.
Characterization of Ferromagnetic Nanoparticles Produced by a Carbon ARC

The effect of increasing metal fraction on carbon arc nanoparticle production is examined for 10–50 weight percent cobalt starting materials. With 500 Torr of helium buffer gas, the carbon arc process yields carbon-coated FCC Co nanoparticles of similar sizes throughout this range. The saturation magnetization is believed to scale linearly with the relative abundance of Co. The variation in the coercivity with abundance is small compared to the dramatic changes which can arise from changes in the size of fine particles. The approach to magnetic saturation is more rapid in high abundance samples. This is attributed to interparticle interactions which align the easy axes when the nanoparticles crystallize within interconnected carbon shells. The switching field distribution as a function of Co abundance arises from both rotational barriers and from barriers due to the particle size distribution.
Swelling, functionalization, and structural changes of the nanoporous layered silicates AMH-3 and MCM-22.

Nanoporous layered silicate materials contain 2D-planar sheets of nanoscopic thickness and ordered porous structure. In comparison to porous 3D-framework materials such as zeolites, they have advantages such as significantly increased surface area and decreased diffusion limitations because the layers can potentially be exfoliated or intercalated into polymers to form nanocomposite materials. These properties are particularly interesting for applications as materials for enhancing molecular selectivity and throughput in composite membranes. In this report, the swelling and surface modification chemistry of two attractive nanoporous layered silicate materials, AMH-3 and MCM-22, were studied. We first describe a method, using long-chain diamines instead of monoamines, for swelling of AMH-3 while preserving its pore structure to a greater extent during the swelling process. Then, we describe a stepwise functionalization method for functionalizing the layer surfaces of AMH-3 and MCM-22 via silane condensation...
Regaining control through reclamation: how consumption subcultures preserve meaning and group identity after commodification

ABSTRACTWe examine the process of subcultural commodification where group meanings of a Japanese youth consumer subculture (i.e. Harajuku) are created, fragmented, and then commodified by the mainstream culture. We consider the role of authenticity in subcultures and specifically what it means to reclaim meanings and group identity after commodification. Using a multi-method ethnographic approach, we explore how a subculture reacts when faced with co-optation. In light of the Harajuku group's attempt to preserve a meaningful form of their community, we illuminate the consumption processes through which their group identity is re-negotiated and sustained. This analysis promotes understanding of how a non-Western subculture reacts after mainstream commodification, and the strategies they employ to regain control of their community by reclaiming authenticity, maintaining collective belonging, and uniting with a common cause.
On the mental life and spatial symptoms of the digital self. Interview with Angeliki Malakasioti by Chris H. Gray

From the celestial to the cyberspatial sphere and from imaginary beings to self-constructed online personas, symptom constellations are representing our ‘way of being’. Using this as a vaulting point, Angeliki Malakasioti is taking symptom representation a step further, towards the reasons of manifestation, towards observation and refection on the phenomena of digital experience. Her research is a diagnostic experiment and at the same time a theoretical as well as an artistic body of work that comments on the mental qualities of the cyborg when inhabiting cyberspace. Aspects of the digital self are discussed and its symptoms are interpreted into spatial qualities; into imaginary semi-living beings and intimate non-spaces.
The Influence of Inhabitants of the Five Hills on the Politics of Han Dynasty

The area of five hills used to be an important one for Han Dynasty.The activities and thinking of inhabitants of the five hills exerted both positive and negative influence upon the development of politics in Han Dynasty.Sober and uncorrupt officials who emphasized teaching of morals and showed no fear of the aristocracy and the privileged played an active role in the change for the better in official administration and the justice of politics.The activities of the corrupt officials,paladins,and treacherous merchants disadvantaged the stable development of the society,even to the extent of causing tragedies.
Personal Research Sets the Stage for Change

ABSTRACTStarting in 2011, implementation of Personal Research Sessions, or PRS, not only showed librarians at the College of the Holy Cross the success of one-on-one research appointments, but also led the reference program on a path of service-centered changes. This path includes fewer hours on the physical desk, a system of on-call reference shifts, an increase in reference student worker training, a semester-to-semester increase in PRS, and new goals for assessment. The authors discuss the state of student research at Holy Cross and their approach to reference service.
Enhanced permeability of tumor blood vessels in brain using focused ultrasound with microbubbles

Several studies have demonstrated that focused ultrasound (FUS) in the presence of microbubbles is able to temporarily disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs to the central nervous system. While magnetic resonance-guided FUS (MRgFUS) treatments have shown promising results in targeted drug delivery, one question still remains how much the blood vessel permeability can be enhanced in tumors. This study was designed to investigate the FUS-induced enhancement of the blood vessel permeability in a specific tumor in the brain. Human breast cancer cells (BT 474) were inoculated directly into the brain of nude (nu/nu) rats (n = 15) as a metastatic tumor model. Guided by the MR images, the tumors were sonicated using a single element focused transducer at a frequency of 690 kHz for 60 s after the injection of microbubbles (Definity, 10 µl/kg). From the contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MR images compared to T1-weighted images, the average signal intensity in the tumor was found to increase by 14.3 ± 0.8% and 1.9 ± 0.3% with and without the FUS treatment, respectively. Two different larger molecule, dextrans (each 70 kD) were also tested. Compared to controls, the dextran uptake of the tumor increased 104.5 ± 0.4 times for Tetramethylrhodamine. For Texas Red, the uptake increased 29.5 ± 0.3 times. These results suggest a size-dependence on drug delivery enhancement in this tumor model. Small molecules might be transported across the blood-tumor barrier (BTB) without disruption of the barrier since tumors generally have leaky blood vessels. However, there are additional barriers to effective drug delivery in tumors, such as increased interstitial pressures, and even small molecule delivery may be enhanced. Large molecules may not leak freely from leaky tumor vessels and benefit more from ultrasound-enhancement. Overall, these results suggest that the ultrasound bursts used to disrupt the BBB also enhance delivery of agents to tumors.