cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Construction and validation of the 21 item Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure Short-Form

Introduction: The Fitness-to-Drive Screening Measure is a free online screening tool that detects at-risk older drivers, however, it's 20 min administration time may render the 54-item tool less than optimal for clinical use. Thus, this study constructed and validated a 21-item FTDS Short-Form (FTDS-SF). Method: This mixed methods study used 200 proxy rater responses and older driver on-road assessments. We conducted a Rasch analysis to examine information at the level of the item and used content validity index scores to select items. Using a receiver operator characteristics curve we determined the concurrent validity of the FTDS-SF to on-road outcomes. Results: Twenty-one items were selected for the FTDS-SF. The area under the curve = 0.72, indicated the FTDS-SF predicted on-road outcomes with acceptable accuracy. Still, 68 drivers were misclassified. Conclusion: The FTDS-SF may reduce administration time, while still yielding acceptable psychometric properties. Yet, caution needs to be executed in clinical decision making as the measure is overly specific.
Ecologically diverse clades dominate the oceans via extinction resistance

Ecological differentiation is correlated with taxonomic diversity in many clades, and ecological divergence is often assumed to be a cause and/or consequence of high speciation rate. However, an analysis of 30,074 genera of living marine animals and 19,992 genera of fossil marine animals indicates that greater ecological differentiation in the modern oceans is actually associated with lower rates of origination over evolutionary time. Ecologically differentiated clades became taxonomically diverse over time because they were better buffered against extinction, particularly during mass extinctions, which primarily affected genus-rich, ecologically homogeneous clades. The relationship between ecological differentiation and taxonomic richness was weak early in the evolution of animals but has strengthened over geological time as successive extinction events reshaped the marine fauna.
13 – Algae harvesting

Environmental issues such as global warming and climate change and their impact on human beings have caused concern worldwide. The root cause of these problems is believed to be the use of fossil fuels, which has had a pivotal role in the increase in carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere. To deal with these problems, there has been growing interest in biofuels extracted from renewable biomass such as corn and soybeans or first-generation biofuels. Biomass-based biofuels can be carbon neutral (ie, emit no net CO2 into the atmosphere) if the amount of CO2 fixed by the biomass equals that released upon the creation and combustion of the biofuel. However, only one corn or soybean crop is possible per year, so total biofuel production per area per time is too low to support our transportation fuel and food needs. To increase the amount of biofuels per acre, second-generation biofuels from cellulose (corn stover or grasses) were considered. However, like first-generation biofuels, these biofuels compete with food crops for arable land. Hence, third-generation biofuels or algal biofuels are now considered because algae biofuels do not have to compete for arable land and they can have much higher areal productivity. However, algal biofuels will compete for freshwater and greater than 30% of the cost of algal biofuel is due to harvesting the algae from removing the water so biofuels can be extracted. Furthermore, in order to reduce the water footprint of algal biofuels, the water should be purified to remove algal growth inhibitors and recycled.
Clinical analysis of postoperative complicated chylous ascites of cavernous transformation of portal vein in children

Objective To analyze the cause,prevention and therapy of postoperative complicated chylous ascites of cavernous transformation of portal vein in children.Methods Between Jan.2001 and Apr.1 2006.9 patients(male 5,female 4)who had recurrent upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage caused by cavernous degeneration of portal vein were operated and analyzed retrospectively.Their age ranged from 2yr7mon to 12yr2mon with an average of 7yr3mon.Four patients had complicated postoperative chylous ascites.Of them,2 cases were performed on splenectomy and splenorenal shunt,1 was received side-to-side mesocaval shunt and 1 had distal splenorenal shunt.Results Three of the 4 patients were cured after short-term fasting and total parental nutrition(TPN)administrated for 1-4 weeks.One case had accumulating ehylus aboUt 2000 ml daily after 4 weeks of conservative treatment,and the chylus was discharged one week after a peritoneo-saphenous shunt. An patients were followed-up from 1 year to 6 years without recurrence.Conclusions The cause of postoperative complicated chylous ascites of cavernous transformation of portal vein in children is the damaging of lymphatic vessels and the chylocyst during operation.Conservative therapy is effective,whereas an operation is chosen if necessary. Key words: Chylous ascites; Portal vein
Healthy Teeth Healthy Baby: A Community Collaboration to Improve Children's Oral Health

BACKGROUND Healthy Teeth, Healthy Baby is a community-centered initiative by the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to prevent early dental disease. It provides resources and education for pregnant women, and parents of underserved children up to age 3. In 2017, the Olmsted County Children’s Oral Health Task Force partnered with MDH to pilot Healthy Teeth Healthy Baby in underserved communities in Olmsted County. Aims: 1) to learn feasibility of implementing the program in existing early childhood …
Estimating the unintended participation penalty under top-two primaries with a discontinuity design

Abstract Participation in U.S. elections lags behind most of its developed, democratic peers. Reformers seeking to increase voter turnout often propose changes to the electoral system as means of addressing these shortcomings. One such reform, the top-two blanket primary, has been adopted in California and Washington in part to boost voter participation. Despite the promises of reformers, however, observers disagree as to its efficacy. In this paper, I estimate the participation penalty generated by top-two primaries using a regression discontinuity design (RDD). I estimate that general elections featuring two members of the same party – the arrangement reformers contend would increase turnout – actually decrease voter participation. I find that approximately 7% of voters “roll off” the ballot in the absence of party competition while overall turnout is unaffected. These results suggest that top-two primaries are likely to exacerbate rather than ameliorate trends in participation.
Introduction: Cyber and the Changing Face of War

Cyberweapons and cyberwarfare are one of the most dangerous innovations of recent years, and a significant threat to national security. Cyberweapons can imperil economic, political, and military systems by a single act, or by multifaceted orders of effect, with wide-ranging potential consequences. Cyberwarfare occupies an ambiguous status in the conventions of the laws of war. This book addresses Ethical and legal issues surrounding cyberwarfare by considering whether the Laws of Armed Conflict apply to cyberspace and the ethical position of cyberwarfare against the background of our generally recognized moral traditions in armed conflict. The book explores these moral and legal issues and examines the key principles of jus in bello to determine how they might be applied to cyber conflicts. The distinction between civilian and combatant in this context and the level of causation necessary to elicit a response are studied and the specific operational realities implicated by particular regulatory regimes are analyzed.
Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma of the face causing trigeminal neuralgia.

Patient: Female, 14 Final Diagnosis: Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) presenting with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) Symptoms: Facial Swelling • numbness • pain Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Surgical removal of RMH Specialty: Otolaryngology Objective: Unusual clinical course Background: Rhabdomyomatous mesenchymal hamartoma (RMH) is a benign, potentially pigmented lesion that occurs in the head and neck region. It generally consists of haphazardly arranged skeletal muscle with adipose tissue, blood vessels, collagen and nerve fibers and is largely asymptomatic. Trigeminal neuralgia is pain due to compression of the trigeminal nerve. TN may be idiopathic or associated with lesion-mediated compression. Case Report: We describe the case of a 14-year-old female presenting with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) associated with RMH. On initial consultation, the patient presented with a history of right-sided lower facial swelling, numbness, and pain. Evaluation by various specialists confirmed TN. Surgical resection of the lesion resolved the condition and pathology confirmed RMH. Conclusions: This is the first case report demonstrating RMH-mediated TN. Surgical resection of the RMH is a safe management approach for this diagnosis.
Miniaturized Sensors Employing Micro‐ and Nanotechnologies

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) represent a revolutionary approach to the miniaturization of sensors designed for structural health monitoring (SHM) applications. The characteristic of MEMS sensors is their size, which can be on the order of a few micrometers in scale. Such sensors also enjoy low fabrication costs, low power demands, and high sensitivity. In this article, the application of MEMS sensors, namely, accelerometers, strain sensors, acoustic emission (AE) sensors, corrosion sensors, and wireless interdigital transducers are described. While MEMS has made major inroads into SHM applications, future miniaturization of sensors will be derived from the nanotechnology domain. Nanotechnology and its associated tools offer engineers an unprecedented opportunity to design sensing materials at atomistic length-scales; the results are multifunctional materials capable of sensing their response to loads. Keywords: accelerometers; acoustic emission sensors; carbon nanotubes; corrosion sensors; microelectromechanical systems; nanotechnology; strain sensors; wireless sensors
EFFECT OF NEUTRON IRRADIATION ON THE DUCTILITY OF AUSTENITIC STAINLESS STEEL.

The effects of fast neutron irradiation on the tensile and creep-rupture ductility of austenitic stainless steels are presented. At low temperatures, below 450°C, radiation causes a reduction in th...
Uniformly rotating global radiative‐convective equilibrium in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5

A standard atmospheric general circulation model is run in a uniformly-rotating global radiative-convective equilibrium configuration to explore the equilibrium state, including the statistics of its constituent tropical cyclones, and its sensitivity to horizontal resolution. The Community Atmosphere Model 5 (CAM5) is run at the conventional resolution of approximately 100 km grid spacing and a high-resolution of 25 km grid spacing globally. The setup uses an aquaplanet configuration with spatially-uniform, diurnally-varying insolation, uniform fixed sea surface temperatures and a uniform rotation rate equal to that at 10°N. The resulting state is one in which tropical cyclones fill the global domain, such that storm count and outer storm size covary strongly. At higher resolution, the storm inner core is more intense and compact but the size of the outer circulation decreases only marginally, and storm count increases in a manner consistent with this decrease in size. Furthermore, the size of the wind field and precipitation fields are highly correlated. A simple analytical model is found to robustly reproduce the radial structure of the broad outer storm circulation. Finally, the minimum central pressure is demonstrated to be an exclusive function of peak azimuthal-mean wind speed and outer storm size. Despite significant changes in the statistics of storm count, intensity, and structure, the mean environment, including the potential intensity, is nearly identical for both simulations. Results are compared with the non-rotating case from a prior study and a generalized conceptual framework for the interpretation of aggregation with or without rotation is proposed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Exact finite-range DWBA analysis of multi-nucleon transfer reactions

Abstract Exact finite-range DWBA calculations were made both for a (d, p) process and for the reaction 9Be(p, α) 6Li. In the case of the single-nucleon stripping, a very good agreement with the zero-range evaluation was found. For the multi-nucleon transfer, however, the exact results exhibit features which cast serious doupt upon the validity of the zero-range approximation.
Variation in setal micromechanics and performance of two gecko species

Biomechanical models of the gecko adhesive system typically focus on setal mechanics from a single gecko species, Gekko gecko. In this study, we compared the predictions from three mathematical models with experimental observations considering an additional gecko species Phelsuma grandis, to quantify interspecific variation in setal micromechanics. We also considered the accuracy of our three focal models: the frictional adhesion model, work of detachment model, and the effective modulus model. Lastly, we report a novel approach to quantify the angle of toe detachment using the Weibull distribution. Our results suggested the coupling of frictional and adhesive forces in isolated setal arrays, first observed in G. gecko is also present in P. grandis although P. grandis displayed a higher toe detachment angle, suggesting they produce more adhesion relative to friction than G. gecko. We also found the angle of toe detachment accurately predicts a species’ maximum performance limit when fit to a Weibull distribution. When considering the energy stored during setal attachment, we observed less work to remove P. grandis arrays when compared with G. gecko, suggesting P. grandis arrays may store less energy during attachment, a conclusion supported by our model estimates of stored elastic energy. Our predictions of the effective elastic modulus model suggested P. grandis arrays to have a lower modulus, E eff, but our experimental assays did not show differences in moduli between the species. The considered mathematical models successfully estimated most of our experimentally measured performance values, validating our three focal models as template models of gecko adhesion (see Full and Koditschek in J Exp Biol 202(23):3325–3332, 1999), and suggesting common setal mechanics for our focal species and possibly for all fibular adhesives. Future anchored models, built upon the above templates, may more accurately predict performance by incorporating additional parameters, such as variation in setal length and diameter. Variation in adhesive performance may affect gecko locomotion and as a result, future ecological observations will help to determine how species with different performance capabilities use their habitat.
NET-Works: Linking families, communities and primary care to prevent obesity in preschool-age children.

Obesity prevention in children offers a unique window of opportunity to establish healthful eating and physical activity behaviors to maintain a healthful body weight and avoid the adverse proximal and distal long-term health consequences of obesity. Given that obesity is the result of a complex interaction between biological, behavioral, family-based, and community environmental factors, intervention at multiple levels and across multiple settings is critical for both short- and long-term effectiveness. The Minnesota NET-Works (Now Everybody Together for Amazing and Healthful Kids) study is one of four obesity prevention and/or treatment trials that are part of the Childhood Obesity Prevention and Treatment (COPTR) Consortium. The goal of the NET-Works study is to evaluate an intervention that integrates home, community, primary care and neighborhood strategies to promote healthful eating, activity patterns, and body weight among low income, racially/ethnically diverse preschool-age children. Critical to the success of this intervention is the creation of linkages among the settings to support parents in making home environment and parenting behavior changes to foster healthful child growth. Five hundred racially/ethnically diverse, two–four year old children and their parent or primary caregiver will be randomized to the multi-component intervention or to a usual care comparison group for a three-year period. This paper describes the study design, measurement and intervention protocols, and statistical analysis plan for the NET-Works trial.
Development of the seminar.

The current issue of Reumatologia Clinica is devoted to the method of teaching clinical anatomy as it applies to rheumatology. This method was developed as a response to a perceived need. It is our belief that rheumatologists are at present insufficiently trained in clinical anatomy. As a result, our diagnostic skills may fall short of their potential. Recent rheumatologic literature shows a vertiginous growth of musculoskeletal ultrasonography. In contrast to ultrasound, however, skilled, anatomy-based inspection and palpation can be mastered by all and applied in the care of all patients. It is our hope that clinical musculoskeletal anatomy will one day be a basic component in rheumatology training programs.
High Temperature Microelectrophoresis Studies of the Rutile/Aqueous Solution Interface

A recently developed high temperature microelectrophoresis cell was employed for ζ-potential measurements at the rutile/aqueous solution interface over a wide range of pH at temperatures of25, 120, and 200 °C. Water, 0.001 mol kg - 1 NaCl(aq), and 0.01 mol kg - 1 NaCl(aq) solutions were tested at these temperatures. The desired pH values were attained by adding either HCl(aq) or NaOH(aq). The obtained experimental data allowed us to estimate isoelectric point pH values (pH i e p ) of 5.26 (′0.45) at 25 \ C,5.13 (′0.37) at 120 °C, and 4.50 (′0.55) at 200 °C. This decrease in pH i e p values with increasing temperature agrees with the decease in point of zero net proton charge (pH z n c p ) pH values (as determined by potentiometric titration) observed for similar rutile powders in our previous studies. ζ-potential data were combined with the proton charge results and rationalized using a surface complexation modeling approach. Modeling results indicate that ζ-potentials are expressed at a distance that is generally equal to (within error) the so-called diffuse double layer thickness (κ - 1 ).
Teaching Regression in a Nonparametric Statistics Course

Abstract Various estimators of slope, intercept, and mean response in the simple linear regression problem are compared in terms of unbiasedness, efficiency, breakdown, and mean squared error. Theil's estimator of slope and two intercept estimators based on Theil's estimator are recommended for inclusion in nonparametrics courses as robust, efficient, and easy-to-calculate alternatives to least squares.
Effect of linear gramicidin on sporulation and intracellular ATP pools of Bacillus brevis.

When Bacillus brevis ATCC 8185 was subjected to nutritional shiftdown from a rich medium to one completely devoid of a nitrogen source, sporulation could be stimulated by the addition of linear gramicidin. Gramicidin-induced sporulation occurred after a considerably longer lag period than the earlier described tyrocidine-induced process (Ristow and Paulus 1982) but involved similar associated biochemical changes, such as extracellular protease production, rapid incorporation of radioactive precursors into RNA, and dipicolinate synthesis. The increased incorporation of [3H]leucine into tyrocidine was a characteristic element in gramicidin-induced sporulation, not being observed when spore formation was accelerated by limited nitrogen supplementation. Nitrogen supplementation (0.02–0.1% nutrient broth) caused a slow and gradual increase in dipicolinate production, in contrast to the sudden, rapid rise of dipicolinate synthesis provoked by the addition of gramicidin or tyrocidine. The induction of sporulation by gramicidin occurred at very low peptide concentrations (0.03 μM), which also brought about an acute depletion of intracellular ATP. In sporulation accelerated by nutrient broth, no depression of ATP level was observed and nonionophoric analogues of gramicidin were unable to substitute for gramicidin in inducing sporulation.
Uniqueness of solution in linear programming

Abstract A number of characterizations are given which are both necessary and sufficient for the uniqueness of a solution to a linear programming problem.
The orthobaric densities of parahydrogen, derived heats of vaporization, and critical constants☆

Closely spaced experimental data are presented and used for defining a consistent set of values for critical constants that describe the two-phase boundaries between saturated liquid and saturated vapor. The heat of vaporization is derived. The various considerations affecting the selection of the critical temperatures are discussed. (C.E.S.)
Opportunities and Problems in the Electric Distribution System

An illutstrative electric service system is analyzed to show the importance of the distribution system for the benefit of those not familiar with distribution problems. The diversity factor and load factor are employed to show their effect on investment and losses. The important subject of a-c. secondary networks is discussed relative to switching, induction regulators and a-c. elevator equipments. The circumstances which make single pole switching preferable are outlined. A new, simple and effective connection of the control circuits of induction regulators to ensure stability in parallel operated circuits is described. The present status of a-c. elevator equipments is outlined with emphasis on the merits of Ward-Leonard control where high class service is required. The new translator network is analyzed at length in order to show its performance and inherent difficulties. It gives a three-phase, four-wire, 115/230-volt system which in no way effects the consumers meters or utilization. devices. The anthor's opinion is that it may be adopted on the grounds of company policy rather than on technical and engineering economic grounds. Other distribution problems are briefly mentioned. Recent developments in carrier-current control, for street lighting equipments are encouraging. Static condensers located at the load center of distribution circuits prove economical in some cases. Various automatic and remote control sectionalizing schemes are under consideration in order to restore service on feeders quickly.
Mycobacterium avium complex immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: Long term outcomes

Background To describe long term outcomes of Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS).
Iodinated Contrast Does Not Alter Clotting Dynamics in Acute Ischemic Stroke as Measured by Thromboelastography

Background and Purpose— Iodinated contrast agents used for computed tomography angiography (CTA) may alter fibrin fiber characteristics and decrease fibrinolysis by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). Thromboelastography (TEG) measures the dynamics of coagulation and correlates with thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients. We hypothesized that receiving CTA before tPA will not impair thrombolysis as measured by TEG. Methods— Acute ischemic stroke patients receiving 0.9 mg/kg tPA Results— Of 136 acute ischemic stroke patients who received tPA, 47 had CTA before tPA bolus, and 42 had either CTA after tPA and post–tPA TEG draw or no CTA (noncontrast group). Median change in clot lysis (LY30) after tPA was 95.3% in the contrast group versus 95.0% in the noncontrast group ( P =0.74). Thus, tPA-induced thrombolysis did not differ between contrast and noncontrast groups. Additionally, there was no effect of contrast on any pre–tPA TEG value. Conclusions— Our data do not support an effect of iodinated contrast agents on clot formation or tPA activity.
Material selection and fabrication parameters for antireflective nanostructures integrated with multijunction photovoltaics

Multijunction photovoltaic devices with four or more junctions require low reflection over a wavelength range that is nearly 50% wider than what is required for a triple-junction design. Antireflective nanostructures can drastically reduce reflection across this range; however careful design is necessary for integration with multijunction devices. In this work, we address the design trade-offs imposed by material availability by modeling absorption and reflection loss for various configurations. We find that the best performance is obtained using a hybrid design that combines antireflective nanostructures with a thin-film optical coating. Our models show that this configuration can increase transmitted power into the solar cell by 2.1% compared to the best standalone nanostructure configuration and 1.3% compared to an optimal thin-film antireflection coating. We also detail a fabrication process for integrating this hybrid design onto an active photovoltaic device.
Thermoplastic and spectroscopic properties of amorphous fluoropolymer thin films

Abstract Infrared absorption spectra are reported for fluoropolymer films ∼ 0.2 μm thick produced by vacuum pyrolysis of high polymers of the trade name Teflon AF (Teflon amorphous fluropolymer). Films were formed using source powders of several mole fractions for the two constituent monomers. Infrared features are identified and interpretations are given for the variation in features with source material composition. Thermal stability and glass transition data in nitrogen are reported for several of the polymer film and source materials. Methods for estimating the stoichiometry in evaporated samples are given.
ORTHOGONALLY DECOMPOSING THE INTERACTION SUM OF SQUARES IN TWO FACTOR EXPERIMENTS WHEN BOTH FACTORS ARE QUANTITATIVE: UNBALANCED DATA AND UNEQUAL SPACING

In this article, interaction contrasts are expressed as a polynomial function of both of the quantitative classification variables, the values of which give rise to the levels of the two factors. When all polynomial coefficients are zero, there is no interaction between the two factors. When at least some of these coefficients are not zero, interaction between the two factors exists and structure is imposed on the interaction contrasts. The imposed structures are examined in detail. To test the hypothesis that any particular set of polynomial coefficients is zero, the observation vector may be regressed on a specially constructed set of independent variables, and the numerator sum of squares for the associated F test may be obtained by adding certain of the sequential sums from the regression. The construction of the regression variables and subsequent regression may be performed easily with the aid of any statistical computing package. No special software is necessary.
Reading and Young Gifted Children.

The authors analyze issues such as appropriate programming, identification, and instructional approaches for teaching reading to young gifted children.
Separation and detection of closely related endorphins by liquid chromatography—electrochemistry☆

The specific aim of this study was to investigate the selectivity of liquid chromatography--electrochemistry for minor variations in the structure of small endorphins. Using isocratic mobile phases, chromatographic conditions were established for the separation of a series of closely related endorphins. Hydrodynamic voltammetry showed that each peptide exhibited a characteristic oxidative behavior that was also reflected in peak current ratios. Changes in a small moiety altered both the chromatographic behavior and electroactivity of these neuropeptides.
CD46 as a measles receptor: form follows function.

Measles is the seventh leading cause of childhood mortality worldwide. Currently 30–40 million measles infections occur each year, leading to 1–2 million deaths. In addition to causing an acute respiratory infection, measles is associated with a profound, transient suppression of cell-mediated immunity. This immunosuppression contributes to the major complications of measles: pneumonia, diarrhea, and other secondary infections. In rare cases, measles can also cause encephalitis and persistent infection of the central nervous system (Griffin and Bellini, 1996). A live-attenuated vaccine controls measles infection in industrialized countries, and measles has been targeted by the World Health Organization for global eradication following the eradication of poliovirus. Nevertheless, measles is endemic in many parts of the world, and recurring outbreaks still occur in industrialized regions for a variety of reasons: First, measles virus (MV) is one of the most contagious infectious agents known, and high levels of vaccine coverage are required to prevent virus circulation in a population. Second, young infants are resistant to vaccination with the attenuated vaccine strain of MV due to maternal antibody interference. Third, while individuals infected with wild-type measles show lifelong immunity, mounting evidence suggests that waning immunity in adult vaccine recipients may allow subclinical infection by MV, providing another source of virus for infants or other susceptible individuals (Clements and Cutts, 1995). Thus, while eradication is a primary goal, frequent reemergences in countries such as the United States (Alaska, 1998), Brazil (1997), Japan (1997–1998), The Netherlands (1999–2000), and Afghanistan (2000) are testament to the challenges that remain for under-
Boron contamination and precipitation during the growth of InP

Abstract We have examined polycrystalline and single crystal, liquid encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) grown InP for evidence of boron contamination using secondary-ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and photoluminescence. Precipitates of boron or a boron compound have been found in InP grown by the LEC method with boric oxide (B 2 O 3 ) encapsulation and pyrolytic boron nitride (pBN) crucibles. The density of precipatates appears to increase towards the last-to-freeze end of the boules. Neither B 2 O 3 or pBN appears to be solely responsible for the observed phenomenon. At present, the source of boron contamination most consistent with our observations is the result of interaction between B 2 O 3 and pBN. A diffusion coefficient of D (750°C) -14 cm 2 s -1 for boron in InP has been determined in this work.
Laboratory measures of hemostasis and fibrinolysis after intravenous administration of ε-aminocaproic acid in clinically normal horses and ponies

OBJECTIVE To determine whether epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) administered IV affects hemostasis and fibrinolysis in clinically normal horses and ponies. ANIMALS 20 clinically normal adult horses and ponies. PROCEDURES Blood samples were collected 24 hours before (baseline) and 1 and 5 hours after i.v. administration of a low dose (30 mg/kg) or high dose (100 mg/kg) of EACA. Platelet count, fibrinogen concentration, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time (PTT), D-dimer concentration, alpha2-antiplasmin activity, and thrombin-antithrombin complex concentration were measured. Values at 1 and 5 hours were compared with baseline values. RESULTS hour after administration of a low dose of EACA, mean fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower than baseline concentration. Mean PTT was significantly shorter than the baseline value 5 hours after administration of a low dose of EACA. One hour after administration of 100 mg of EACA/kg, mean alpha2-antiplasmin activity was significantly higher than baseline activity. Mean fibrinogen concentration was significantly lower than baseline concentration 1 and 5 hours after administration of a high dose of EACA. Mean PTT was significantly shorter than the baseline value 5 hours after administration of a high dose of EACA. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE i.v. administration of 30 and 100mg of EACA/kg to clinically normal horses significantly modified some laboratory measures of hemostasis, consistent with its known antifibrinolytic effects. Although enhanced clot maintenance and diminished bleeding were not directly assessed, the clinical use of EACA may benefit some patients.
Mortality rates of elderly Asian American populations based on medicare and social security data

We present sex- and age-specific death probabilities for the elderly of six Asian American subgroups— Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Vietnamese—based on data from Social Security Administration files. We determined ethnicity by combining race, place of birth, surname, and given name. The data source and ethnic determination are the same for deaths and the population at risk, avoiding the problem of noncomparability present when data for the numerator come from vital records and data for the denominator come from census records. We found that death rates for elderly Asian Americans are lower than those for whites, and that socioeconomic differences between subgroups do not translate into like differences in mortality.
Citations of Distinguished Scientists in Introductory Psychology Textbooks

Citations of 93 recipients of the American Psychological Association's Awards for Distinguished Scientific Contributions were examined in 99 introductory psychology textbooks published between 1957 and 1986. Recipients of the award from 1956 to 1960 were cited significantly more often than recipients from 1966 to 1970 in textbooks published in 1971 and cited significantly more often than recipients from 1971 to 1975 in text- books published in 1976. However, there were no differences between early recipients and more recent recipients in recent introductory textbooks. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant differences in the number of citations between male und female recipients.
Metallic magnetic bolometers for particle detection

The magnetization of localized spins in metals is discussed as a sensor for the low temperature calorimetric detection of particles.
Education in the Age of Biocapitalism: Optimizing educational life for a flat world

There is a growing body of educational literature that has attempted to theorize pedagogical struggles over basic forms of life (Lewis, 2006; Simons, 2006; Giroux, 2009; Pierce, 2012). Of the many ...
Meaning-centered group psychotherapy for patients with advanced cancer: a pilot randomized controlled trial

Objectives An increasingly important concern for clinicians who care for patients at the end of life is their spiritual well-being and sense of meaning and purpose in life. In response to the need for short-term interventions to address spiritual well-being, we developed Meaning Centered Group Psychotherapy (MCGP) to help patients with advanced cancer sustain or enhance a sense of meaning, peace and purpose in their lives, even as they approach the end of life.
NOTE—THE STA-1 MUTATION PREVENTS ASSEMBLY OF STARCH GRANULES IN NITROGEN-STARVED CELLS AND SERVES AS A USEFUL MORPHOLOGICAL MARKER DURING SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IN CHLAMYDOMONAS MONOICA (CHLOROPHYCEAE)

Iodine staining of clones of nitrogen-starved Chlamydomonas cells was used to screen for mutants with altered levels or altered composition of storage starch. Mutations leading to defects in quantity or morphology of starch granules not only can provide information on storage starch biosynthesis and granule assembly but can also be used as morphological markers in genetic and cell biological studies. A mutant of Chlamydomonas monoica Strehlow devoid of starch granules was obtained following ultraviolet mutagenesis. Nitrogen-starved cells of the sta-1 strain lacked pyrenoidal starch granules and granules normally associated with thylakoid membranes. The mutant phenotype was the consequence of a single Mendelian mutation that appeared to affect granule assembly rather than starch biosynthesis per se and that had no effect on vegetative growth, sexual reproduction, or zygospore viability.
Tamm states in finite semiconductor superlattices: Influence of accumulation and depletion layers.

We discuss the electronic-level structure of finite semiconductor superlattices and the influence of accumulation and depletion regions on the surface localized states (Tamm states). Exact solutions of the Poisson and Schr\"odinger equations are obtained self-consistently, through use of a nonuniform jellium model. Both high-energy and low-energy Tamm states are found.
Simplifying numerical ray tracing for characterization of optical systems

Ray tracing, a computational method for tracing the trajectories of rays of light through matter, is often used to characterize mechanical or biological visual systems with aberrations that are larger than the effect of diffraction inherent in the system. For example, ray tracing may be used to calculate geometric point spread functions (PSFs), which describe the image of a point source after it passes through an optical system. Calculating a geometric PSF is useful because it gives an estimate of the detail and quality of the image formed by a given optical system. However, when using ray tracing to calculate a PSF, the accuracy of the estimated PSF directly depends on the number of discrete rays used in the calculation; higher accuracies may require more computational power. Furthermore, adding optical components to a modeled system will increase its complexity and require critical modifications so that the model will describe the system correctly, sometimes necessitating a completely new model. Here, we address these challenges by developing a method that represents rays of light as a continuous function that depends on the light's initial direction. By utilizing Chebyshev approximations (via the chebfun toolbox in MATLAB) for the implementation of this method, we greatly simplified the calculations for the location and direction of the rays. This method provides high precision and fast calculation speeds that allow the characterization of any symmetrical optical system (with a centered point source) in an analytical-like manner. Next, we demonstrate our methods by showing how they can easily calculate PSFs for complicated optical systems that contain multiple refractive and/or reflective interfaces.
Alterations in synthesis of the acid soluble proteins from nuclei of specific phases of the in vivo liver cell cycle after isoproterenol and sodium phenobarbital administration: An electrophoretic study

Partially hepatectomized mice were injected intraperitoneally with isoproterenol (IPR), sodium phenobarbital (PB), or a combination of the two, and the regenerating lobe of the liver was removed. Nuclei were isolated, electrostatically sorted from various phases of the cell cycle, and the acid-soluble proteins were extracted. Synthesis of several high-molecular weight non-histone proteins were observed in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic autoradiographs after independent administration of IPR and PB. The histones revealed alterations in synthesis patterns and the histone variants demonstrated concentration changes in response to these drugs. A protein designated as “a” appeared in G0 + G1 phase nuclei after IPR treatment and showed an increase in concentration after PB was included in the dosing regime. This protein displayed homology with a non-histone protein from calf thymus when its mobility and amino acid content was examined.
Retention and stimulus-dependent recycling of dense core vesicle content in neuroendocrine cells

We have used fluorescence imaging of individual exocytic events in combination with immunogold electron microscopy and FM1-43 photoconversion to study the stimulus-dependent recycling of dense core vesicle content in isolated rat pituitary lactotrophs. Secretory stimulation with high external [K + ] resulted in 100 exocytic sites per cell that were labeled by extracellular antibodies against the peptide hormone prolactin. Morphological analysis demonstrated that the prolactin was retained and internalized in intact dense cores. Vesicles containing non-secreted, internalized prolactin did not colocalize with DiI-LDL that had been chased into lysosomes but did transiently colocalize with internalized transferrin. The recycling vesicles also trafficked through a syntaxin 6-positive compartment but not the TGN38-positive trans-Golgi. Recycling vesicles, which returned to the cell surface in a slow basal manner, could also be stimulated to undergo exocytosis with a high release probability during subsequent exocytic stimulation with external K + . These studies suggest a functional role for recycling vesicles that retain prolactin.
Fuzzy maximal, radical, and primary ideals of a ring

We introduce the concepts of fuzzy maximal ideal, the fuzzy radical of a fuzzy ideal and fuzzy primary ideal of a ring. We show that a fuzzy left (right) ideal A of a ring R is a fuzzy maximal ideal if and only A(0) = 1 and A∗ = {x ϵ R:A(x) = A(0)} is a maximal left (right) ideal of R. We also show that a fuzzy ideal A of a commutative ring R with unity is a fuzzy primary ideal of R if and only A(0) = 1, A is two-valued and A∗ is a primary ideal of R.
The use of a commercially available somatomedin-C radioimmunoassay in patients with disorders of growth

Somatomedin-C concentrations were measured by a newly available commercial radioimmunoassay in plasma samples from 41 children undergoing clinical evaluation of hypothalamic-pituitary function because of varied disorders of growth. Sequential Sm-C levels were stable; the coefficient of variation remained below 10% over a three-hour period. The Sm-C values of 27% of the children were discordant with the GH responses; of 25 patients with normal provoked-GH levels, seven had low Sm-C values, whereas four of 16 patients with inadequate GH responses had normal Sm-C concentrations. All of the discordant data occurred in 31 patients with diminished linear growth velocity. More patients with decreased growth velocity had diminished Sm-C levels than did short children with normal linear growth velocity. These data suggest that many variables, in addition to adequacy of GH production and plasma Sm-C levels, may affect net Sm-C activity. This possibly reduces the usefulness of the Sm-C radioimmunoassay as a single screening test for abnormalities of GH secretion.
Optical and electrical properties of indium oxide thin films as transparent electrode to indium phosphide

We investigate the optical and electrical properties of indium oxide (In 2 O 3 ) thin films deposited by ion beam assisted deposition (IAD). Results show promising potentials of In 2 O 3 as transparent electrodes for InP based optoelectronic devices.
State estimation for a Stefan problem

One can estimate the state u(T,x) for a one-dimensional Stefan problem from observation of the motion x = s(t) of the free boundary over an arbitrarily short time interval: T0 < t < T. The estimation map ES: s(?) ? u(T, ?) is continuous (say, to L2) if the observation is topologized in H1.
Evaporation rate and composition monitoring of electron beam physical vapor deposition processes

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is developing sensor and control technology to improve the quality and range of applicability of electron beam physical vapor deposition (PVD). The approach being developed uses tunable lasers to measure the density and composition of the vapor plume. This paper reviews the principles of operation of laser based sensors and discusses data from experiments in which titanium and niobium are co-vaporized. Laser data agreed well with deposited film compositions and spatial variations in deposited film cross-sections. Laser based vapor monitoring appears to have broad applicability and has the potential to extend the use of high rate electron beam PVD.
Influence of Party Size and Trip Length on Angler Catch Rates on Oneida Lake, New York

Abstract Angler catch rates have been used to compare angler success in sport fisheries among years or systems, to assess relative fish abundance, and to evaluate management efforts. Understanding the factors that influence angler catch rates is critical for the proper interpretation and application of these data. Information for 10,998 angler trips was collected through an angler diary program conducted during 1994–1998 and direct-contact roving creel surveys conducted during 1997 and 2002–2004 to examine the influences of angler party size and trip length on the catch rates for walleye Sander vitreus, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieu, and yellow perch Perca flavescens at Oneida Lake, New York. Party size and trip length were correlated; therefore, we constructed separate models combining data for year, party size, and trip length to examine the relationship between these factors and the angler catch rate. In both the diary program and the creel survey, the angler catch rates for all species decrease...
Enhancement of hemin-induced membrane damage by artemisinin

Artemisinin is an effective antimalarial agent, and its action on the malarial parasite is suggested to be mediated by oxidative processes. Since malarial parasites contain a high concentration of hemin, and hemin may induce the formation of reactive oxygen species, we investigated the interaction of artemisinin, iron and hemin. We used erythrocyte membrane-bound Ca2+ pump ATPase (basal) and calmodulin (CaM)-activated Ca2+ pump ATPase as our model. Membranes were incubated with artemisinin in the presence or absence of iron-ascorbate or hemin at 37 degrees for 1 hr. Following incubation, ATPase activity was measured. Our results showed that artemisinin (500 microM) had no effect on ATPase activities. However, artemisinin enhanced the inhibitory effect of iron (50 microM)-ascorbate (500 microM) on ATPase activity (46.3 +/- 3.9 vs 63 +/- 2.1% for basal; 57.2 +/- 2.5 vs 74.8 +/- 2.1% for CaM-activated). Desferrioxamine (DFO, 200 microM) blocked significantly the effect of iron-ascorbate-artemisinin on ATPases (P < 0.01). Hemin inhibited ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. Artemisinin enhanced hemin (10 microM)-induced inhibition of basal (36.0 +/- 6.0 vs 73.7 +/- 3.0%) and CaM-activated Ca2+ pump ATPase (31.6 +/- 2.8 vs 70.0 +/- 1.5%). Iron chelators (DFO, ferene, 8-hydroxyquinoline, 1,10-phenanthroline, and 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxypyrid-4-one) had no effect on artemisinin plus hemin-induced enzyme inhibition. Catalase (2000 U/mL) had a minor effect on the artemisinin-hemin or hemin-mediated effect. Thiourea (1 mM) had no effect. However, superoxide dismutase (500 U/mL) and dithiothreitol blocked artemisinin-hemin or hemin-mediated ATPase inhibition significantly (P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results suggest that, in our model, artemisinin enhances the damage of hemin-induced ATPases via oxidation of thiol groups on the enzymes. Free iron or hydroxyl radical does not seem to be involved. This interaction between artemisinin and hemin may contribute to the antimalarial action of artemisinin against malarial parasites.