cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Excess Mortality Caused by Medical Injury

PURPOSE We wanted to estimate excess risk of in-hospital mortality associated with medical injuries identified using an injury surveillance system, after controlling for risk of death resulting from comorbidities. METHODS The Wisconsin Medical Injuries Prevention Program (WMIPP) screening criteria were used to identify medical injuries, defined as “any untoward harm associated with a therapeutic or diagnostic healthcare intervention,” among discharge diagnoses for all 562,317 patients discharged from 134 acute care hospitals in Wisconsin in 2002. We then derived estimates for crude and adjusted relative risk of in-hospital mortality associated with the presence of a medical injury diagnosis. Logistic regression adjusted for baseline risk of mortality using a comorbidity index, age, sex, Diagnosis Related Groups, hospital characteristics, and clustering within hospital. RESULTS There were 77,666 discharges that met WMIPP criteria for at least 1 medical injury (13.8%). Crude risk ratios for death ranged from 1.27 to 2.4 for those with medical injuries within 1 of 4 categories: drugs/biologics; devices, implants, and grafts; procedures; and radiation. After adjustment, estimates of excess mortality decreased, and significance persisted only for injuries related to procedures (39%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 28%–52%) and devices, implants, and grafts (16%; 95% CI, 3%–30%). CONCLUSIONS Estimates of excess mortality that do not account for baseline mortality risk may be exaggerated. Findings have implications for the care family physicians provide in the hospital and for the advice they give their patients who are concerned about the risks of hospitalization.
The Contribution of Collaborative and Individual Tasks to the Acquisition of L2 Vocabulary

Over the past 2 decades, research has demonstrated that learner collaboration facilitates second language (L2) acquisition (Lapkin, Swain, & Smith, 2002; McDonough, 2004; Storch, 1998, 2004; Swain & Lapkin, 1998). Adopting a sociocultural perspective (e.g., Swain & Lapkin, 1998), the current study compared the effectiveness of collaborative and individual tasks on the acquisition of L2 vocabulary by Korean as a second language (KSL) learners (N= 32). The learners completed a pretest, a dictogloss task, and two posttests over a 3-week period. Half the learners carried out the dictogloss in pairs, but the other half worked individually while thinking aloud. The collaborative dialogue and think-aloud protocols were transcribed, and language-related episodes (LREs) were identified. The results indicated that although the learners who participated in the collaborative task had a similar number of LREs as the learners who worked individually, they performed significantly better on the vocabulary tests. The pedagogical implications for the use of collaborative tasks to promote the acquisition of L2 vocabulary are discussed.
Effects of Salinity, Diurnal Cycle and Age on Nucleotide Pools of Bean Leaves

In the present study, we investigated the relationship between salt stress and nucleotide levels in the shoot ot Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Stringless Green Pod to determine if reduced growth was correlated with reduced nucleotide levels. Overall fresh weight of 25-d-old plants after having been on full salt treatment for 7 d was 33% lower compared with untreated plants. Shoot fresh weight decreased by 40% compared with 22% for the roots thus increasing the root to shoot ratio from 0-7 to 0-9. We examined young and juvenile leaves as well as mature leaves in order to compare growing tissue to fully enlarged tissue. To ascertain whether the effects of salt stress on nucleotide pools were more severe during the day than at night, we studied the combined effects of diurnal cycle and salt stress on these nucleotide pools. Salt treatment selectively affected certain nucleotide pools with the adenine nucleotides (AdN) being the most affected. We found large diurnal fluctuations of AdN pools in all leaves. During the day, AMP and ADP increased while ATP decreased. The sum, ATP + ADP, tended to remain constant and in mature leaves total AdN increased with AMP, an indication of net synthesis. At night, ATP increased in all leaves. However, salt stress prevented this night-time increase in mature leaves while enhancing it in juvenile and young leaves. In the daytime, salt stress caused a nearly 2-fold increase in AMP of young leaves and a large increase in the adenylate kinase mass action ratio (K). At night, the excess AMP disappeared with no change in total AdN. It is clear from these results that salt stress did not reduce shoot growth by depleting ATP in growing leaves. It did, however, reduce the ATP level of mature leaves and perhaps their ability to supply essential metabolites for growing regions.
Test Results From the Idaho National Laboratory of the NASA Bi-Supported Cell Design

The Idaho National Laboratory has been researching the application of solid-oxide fuel cell technology for large-scale hydrogen production. As a result, the Idaho National Laboratory has been testing various cell designs to characterize electrolytic performance. NASA, in conjunction with the University of Toledo, has developed a new cell concept with the goals of reduced weight and high power density. This paper presents results of the INL's testing of this new solid oxide cell design as an electrolyzer. Gas composition, operating voltage, and other parameters were varied during testing. Results to date show the NASA cell to be a promising design for both high power-to-weight fuel cell and electrolyzer applications.
Is there any drug treatment of choice for the borderline patient

Psychotropic medication is used extensively in the borderline patient in an effort to treat the cognitive, affective, impulsive-behavioral and anxious-fearful symptoms which comprise the state symptoms and trait vulnerabilities of BPD. This paper reviews the efficacy of neuroleptics, antidepressants (TCA, MAOI and SSRI), lithium carbonate, carbamazepine and benzodiazepines against these 4 symptom domains. There is currently no single drug treatment of choice in BPD. Current research supports acute treatment. Maintenance trials are generally lacking or show limited efficacy. A dimensional approach is recommended for clinical practice and future research trials, targeting specific symptom domains with selective medication. Pharmacotherapy should be viewed as a useful adjunct to psychotherapy in the long-term treatment of the borderline patient.
Progress in commissioning the IUCF cooler

Some of the techniques used and results observed during the commissioning of the IUCF (Indiana University Cyclotron Facility) electron cooled storage ring are described. Measurements of machine properties and their comparison with design values, methods of closed-orbit corrections, and the methods used in ramping the beam to higher energies are discussed. Plans for enhancing the performance of the ring are described. >
Graphical organizers in tax education

Abstract The purpose of this teaching note is to share with tax instructors several graphical organizers developed by the authors for use in teaching topics typically covered in undergraduate and graduate tax courses. Their use may be motivated by studies documenting improvements in student learning through improved text comprehension and memory when such displays are used, and also by studies concluding that students exhibit decreasing reliance upon textbook information and increasing reliance upon instructor provided communications in their learning and study processes. Additional motivation stems from the graphical organizers’ desirable attributes as instructional resources: ease of use, presentation efficiency and flexibility, and a facilitated ability to highlight cause-and-effect based conclusions inherent in tax law.
Importance of antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of β-receptor blockers in heart failure therapy

The present study was carried out to determine whether beneficial effects of carvedilol in congestive heart failure (CHF) are mediated via its β-adrenergic blocking, antioxidant, and/or α-adrenergi...
Interleukin-21 Receptor Gene Induction in Human T Cells Is Mediated by T-Cell Receptor-Induced Sp1 Activity

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) plays important roles in regulating the immune response. IL-21 receptor (IL-21R) mRNA is expressed at a low level in human resting T cells but is rapidly induced by mitogenic stimulation. We now investigate the basis for IL21R gene regulation in T cells. We found that the −80 to −20 region critically regulates IL-21R promoter activity and corresponds to a major DNase I-hypersensitive site. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, DNA affinity chromatography followed by mass spectrometry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that Sp1 binds to this region in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, mutation of the Sp1 motif markedly reduced IL-21R promoter activity, and Sp1 small interfering RNAs effectively diminished IL-21R expression in activated T cells. Interestingly, upon T-cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, T cells increased IL-21R expression and Sp1 protein levels while decreasing Sp1 phosphorylation. Moreover, phosphatase inhibitors that increased phosphorylation of Sp1 diminished IL-21R transcription. These data indicate that TCR-induced IL-21R expression is driven by TCR-mediated augmentation of Sp1 protein levels and may partly depend on the dephosphorylation of Sp1.
Comparison of duplex and triplex memory reliability

A large number of choices exist when designing a reliable memory system. The choices range from simple replication to complex error control codes (ECC). An intermediate solution is to use combination of replication and simple ECC. Such a system consists of multiple memory modules, data stored in each module being encoded using an ECC. This paper compares reliability of memory systems formed using simple triplication (without ECC) with memory systems formed by duplicating memory modules that use ECC. It is shown that reliability achieved by duplication of memory modules using codes capable of only error detection or only single error correction (SEC), is always worse than simple triplication. However, it is also shown that duplication of memory modules, with codes capable of single error correction and double error detection (SEC-DED), can achieve better reliability than simple triplication when bit error probability is small.
Elastohydrodynamic Line-Contact of Compressible Shear Thinning Fluids With Consideration of the Surface Roughness

Applications involving highly loaded elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), particularly when the lubricant experiences shear thinning, operating with small film thicknesses may necessitate consideration of surface asperities. A modified Reynolds equation with provision for surface roughness and shear thinning is treated to predict the pressure and surface asperity effect in an EHL line-contact. The unknown in the Reynolds equation is the hydrodynamic pressure instead of the total pressure to ensure that the pressure boundary condition at the outlet is properly posed. The Carreau viscosity model is usedfor characterizing the shear thinning behavior, Patir and Cheng flow factors for taking into the influence of roughness on the lubricating film, and Greenwood― Trip for determination of pressure at the asperity level. The modified Reynolds eguation is solved for the hydrodynamic pressure instead of the total pressure with appropriately defined boundary conditions.
RTSOA: Real-Time Service-Oriented Architecture

This paper extends the traditional Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) to a new Real-Time SOA (RTSOA) and proposes a framework for the new architecture, by providing real-time service modeling, design, code generation, simulation, deployment, execution, orchestration, and management. The concepts, architecture, and enabling technique are studied for Real-time SOA. In addition, an efficient algorithm is derived in the paper to find the optimal composition of real-time services subject to the real-time constraint.
The Role of Automatic Negative Reinforcement In Clinical Problems

This paper discusses the role of automatic negative reinforcement in the maintenance of clinical problems. Following a brief introduction to the functional conceptualization of clinical problems and discussion of four classes of reinforcement maintaining clinical problems, the paper suggests that automatic negative reinforcement is an understudied function of problem behaviors. The role of automatic negative reinforcement is then discussed in the context of three clinical problems, binge eating, hair pulling, and compulsive buying. Finally, treatment for problem behaviors maintained by automatic negative reinforcement is briefly reviewed.
Noise and dynamics in forward Brillouin interactions

In this paper, we explore the spatio-temporal dynamics of spontaneous and stimulated forward Brillouin scattering. This general treatment incorporates the optomechanical coupling produced by boundary-induced radiation pressures (boundary motion) and material-induced electrostrictive forces (photo-elastic effects), permitting straightforward application to a range of emerging micro- and nano-scale optomechanical systems. Through a self-consistent fully coupled nonlinear treatment, developed within a general Hamiltonian framework, we establish the connection between the power spectral density of spontaneously scattered light in forward Brillouin interactions and the nonlinear coupling strength. We show that, in sharp contrast to backward Brillouin scattering, noise-initiated stimulated forward Brillouin scattering is forbidden in the majority of experimental systems. In fact, the single-pass gain, which characterizes the threshold for energy transfer in back-scattering processes, is negative for a large class of forward Brillouin devices. Beyond this frequent experimental case, we explore mechanisms for dispersive symmetry breaking that lead to amplification and dynamics reminiscent of backward Brillouin scattering.
Ultrasonic propagation in 3 He- 4 He mixtures near the tricritical point

We present measurements of the singular sound attenuation αsing in liquid mixtures of3He and4He near the superfluid transition and at temperatures above the phase separation curve. The mole fractionX of3He ranged from 0.55 to 0.73 and the frequency ω/2π varied between 1 and 45 MHz. The temperature range was 0.75–1.4 K, with the greatest emphasis on the tricritical region nearX t=0.67 andT t=0.87 K. From the change in slopedU/dT of the sound velocityU, we present a new determination of the phase separation curve, which is compared with previous measurements. The sound attenuation peak along the superfluid transition becomes broader in temperature asT λ is decreased. In addition, there is also an increase in sound attenuation as the phase separation temperatureT σ is approached. ForX<X t these two peaks merge into one asX t is approached. For a given frequency, the attenuation has a maximum value at the tricritical point. Estimates of the contribution α D of mass diffusion to the attenuation for3He-4He mixtures with 0<X<0.55 and comparison with experimental values show that α D becomes relatively more important asX increases, and that atX=0.55 it effectively accounts for all of the observed singular attenuation, at least at megahertz frequencies. Hence we assume that for mixtures withX>0.55 the observed attenuation can be analyzed solely in terms of the diffusive relaxation mechanism. The mass diffusion parameterD is then determined from the data. AtX=0.55,D diverges asT λ is approached, which is consistent with theoretical expectations and experimental results. NearT t, there is a crossover to a tricritical regime, and it is found that approximatelyD∝(T−T t) Z withZ=0.32±0.1. Mode coupling predictions are thatZ=1/2 while recent renormalization group calculations giveZ=1/3. The attenuation curves in the tricritical region at the various frequencies can be represented satisfactorily but not perfectly by a scaling function with a characteristic relaxation time τ∝(T−T t) −x withx=1.7±0.15. This time corresponds to order-parameter fluctuations. Its temperature dependence is in excellent agreement with renormalization-group calculations that givex≈5/3, while expectations from dynamic scaling are thatx=3/2. Our analysis also gives the variation of the amplitudes of τ andD with the direction of approach toT t. A comprehensive theory for interpreting all the data, in the normal as well as in the superfluid phase, is lacking at this time.
Distilling private information from plain-vanilla options to predict future underlying stock price volatility: Evidence from the H-shares of Chinese banks

Abstract Deviations from put-call parity may arise in response to private information that a select group of investors possess. From a practical perspective, if one possesses private information, using options to speculate or hedge amplifies potential gains given the leverage embedded in options with respect to price changes in the underlying asset. In light of this, and if we assume that the average investor does not possess private information, it is perhaps possible though to infer such information through implied variance spreads and use it to predict future volatility in the underlying asset. In this piece I examine the extent to which such information is economically informative in predicting the intraday return variability of H-shares issued by China's state and joint-stock banks, respectively. Generally speaking, I uncover the following; firstly, call-put implied variance spreads are mean-reverting across time. Secondly, at any given point in time, the magnitude of the deviation from put-call parity is informative in predicting rises in future spot price volatility. Thirdly, straddle/strangle trades predict, at times one week in advance, rises in future spot price volatility. These findings hold after controlling for market-wide implied volatility, the flow and shock in information disseminating to the market, and implicit transactions costs.
A CASE REPORT OF ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA OF THE PANCREAS

The present paper describes a case of adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas, together with reveiw of Japanese cases. A 63-year-old man was admitted because of jaundice. Pancreaticoduodenectomy was carried out under the diagnosis of carcinoma of the head of the pancreas. Postoperative microscopic examination revealed adenosquamous carcinoma of the pancreas. Adenosquamous carcinoma rarely occurs in the pancreas, and only 27 cases including our case have been reported between 1973 and 1987 in Japan. The ages of the patients ranged from 39 to 75 years (average: 58.7 years), and the male-to-female ratio was 2.4:1. Angiography pointed out tumor stains in 27.3% of the cases. This type of cancer has more poor prognosis, therefore it is important to make an early clinical diagnosis.
Local minimisers of a three-phase partition problem with triple junctions

We establish the existence of isolated local minimisers to the problem of partitioning certain two-dimensional domains into three subdomains having least interfacial area. The solution we exhibit has the special property that the three boundaries of the minimising partition meet at a common point or “triple junction”. The configuration represents a likely candidate for a stable equilibrium in the dynamical problem of two-dimensional motion by curvature and also leads to the existence of local minimisers possessing triple junction structure to the energy associated with the vector Ginzburg–Landau and Cahn–Hilliard evolutions.
The effects of fatigue and anticipation on the mechanics of the knee during cutting in female athletes

Abstract Background Unanticipated cutting tasks which do not allow for pre-planning of a movement have been reported to promote knee mechanics which may increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Fatigue has also been reported to have similar effects. Athletes must often perform unanticipated tasks when they are fatigued. Previous studies have reported that the effects of anticipation become more prominent as an athlete progresses through a fatigue protocol. However, the protocols previously utilized may not mimic the demands of sports participation. Methods Three-dimensional knee joint kinematics and kinetics were collected from 13 female athletes while they performed a run-and-cut task, before and after completion of an intermittent shuttle run. Trials were further divided (pre-planned, unanticipated) to assess the effects of anticipation. Findings There were no significant interactions between the effects of fatigue and anticipation for the peak knee angles or moments of the knee joint in any plane. Subjects did demonstrate a 68% increase in their peak knee abduction angles following completion of the intermittent shuttle run. Anticipation also had a significant effect on the mechanics of the knee in all planes. Most notably, there was a 23% increase in peak knee abduction angles and a 33% increase in the peak internal knee adduction moments. Interpretation Both fatigue and anticipation promoted knee mechanics which are associated with an increased risk of knee injury. However, it does not appear that their effects combine when athletes are at a level of fatigue which is thought to reflect sports participation.
Material Culture and Maritime Identity: Identifying Maritime Subcultures Through Artifacts

The maritime cultural landscape approach focuses primarily on the impact of people on the environment. The archaeological record has the potential to reveal insights into how people internalized their environment through their use of material culture. Pirates were a subset of the eighteenth-century maritime world, with social organization and customs that set them apart from other mariners. Stanley South’s artifact categories provide a starting point for comparing the material assemblages between one pirate-related site, the Barcadares in Belize, with materials from two contemporary sites on Nevis, the Ridge Complex and Port St. George. This comparison highlights a number of differences in the Barcadares assemblage, including a high percentage of tobacco pipes, the dominance of bowls, the lack of drinking forms and utilitarian wares, and the generally limited diversity of ceramic wares and forms. This study alone is not sufficient to establish any pattern for pirates or other maritime groups, but suggests the effectiveness of this approach for further research.
Barcino, Creation of a Cross-Disciplinary City

More and more schools are implementing "maker" spaces and using digital technology to support students' interest and learning in STEM fields. Little is known about schools' interactions with those type spaces and their impact in formal assessment. We describe the implementation of a FabLab@School (FL@S) and the interaction of teachers' and school administration with it in Rubi, Spain. Additionally, we do a preliminary analysis on teachers' interviews and on the grade effect the FL@S might have had on students. FL@S was implemented at the beginning of the second trimester of the school year, we found a positive significant effect on grade change from the first trimester to the third trimester and a change on teachers' expectations on students' performance.
Expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 Receptors for Stromal Derived Factor-1 (SDF- 1) Is Differently Regulated in Human Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS): The Biological Consequences

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of adolescents and children that frequently infiltrates bone marrow (BM). RMS is divided in two sub-types, alveolar-RMS (ARMS) and embryonal-RMS (ERMS). The ARMS subtype is often associated with a more aggressive phenotype, poorer clinical prognosis, and expression of Pax3-FKHR and Pax7-FKHR fusion proteins that function as potent transcriptional activators with enhanced activity as compared to normal Pax3 or Pax7 transcription factors. We reported that the stromal derived factor-1 (SDF-1)-CXCR4 receptor axis plays a crucial role in RMS metastasis to BM (Blood2002;100:2597, Cancer Res2003;63:7926, Cancer Res.2007;67:213). After the recent identification of CXCR7, a new receptor for SDF-1, we became interested in its potential role in metastases of RMS cells. We found that CXCR7 was expressed and functional on all 10 human RMS cell lines investigated in this study. Furthermore, we noticed that while CXCR4 was more involved in regulating RMS chemotaxis, CXCR7 primarily regulated adhesion of RMS cells. Based on this observation, we assessed the mechanisms that regulate expression of these receptors. We noticed that CXCR4 is highly expressed on the more metastatic ARMS while CXCR7 is expressed at higher levels on the less metastatic ERMS cell lines. However, both receptors express several hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1a binding sites, expression of CXCR4 was not affected by exposure to hypoxia, and expression of CXCR7 was even paradoxically downregulated in hypoxic conditions. We also observed that ERMS cells transduced with Pax3-FKHR, a gene typical for ARMS fusion that enhances RMS metastatic behavior, highly upregulated expression of CXCR4. In contrast, expression of CXCR7 was again down-regulated. To learn more on the role of Pax-3-FKHR in the expression of CXCR4, we performed a functional analysis of promoter fragments subcloned into luciferase vector. To our surprise, expression of CXCR4 did not depend on direct binding of Pax3-FKHR to classical Pax3 binding sites in promoter sequences but on direct protein-to-protein interaction with nuclear respiratory factor (NRF)-1 transcription factor. These results suggest that the Pax3-FKHR-NRF-1 complex binds to the NRF-1 binding site and aberrantly activates transcription. In conclusion, both of the SDF-1 binding receptors (CXCR4 and CXCR7) are differently regulated in RMS cells. Since CXCR7 is more important in adhesion and becomes downregulated during hypoxia, this may give an advantage for SDF-1 to signal through CXCR4 receptor to activate pathways critical for chemotactic responses. As a biological consequence, this may increase the metastatic potential of RMS by “mobilizing” RMS cells from the primary tumor to migrate and metastasize. In addition, the novel transcriptional mechanism for the Pax3-FKHR-NRF-1 complex in regulating CXCR4 receptors in RMS cells has been identified.
Increased Red Blood Cell Adhesion Is Associated with Priapism in Sickle Cell Disease.

The enhanced adhesion of sickle RBCs likely plays a role in the pathogenesis of vaso-occlusive complications in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). In preliminary studies, we have previously found that RBCs from patients with overt stroke associated with large vessel disease have an abnormally enhanced adhesive phenotype. Priapism, another common vaso-occlusive complication that occurs in approximately 30% of males with SCD, has been associated with the development of stroke as well as pulmonary hypertension. The exact pathophysiology of priapism in the context of SCD is not completely understood. Recently, a potential mechanism of hemolysis-associated NO resistance, endothelial dysfunction and end-organ vasculopathy, including priapism, has been described. In this study, we hypothesized that increased RBC adhesion will also be linked to the development of priapism in patients with SCD. After obtaining informed consent, citrated blood for RBC adhesion analysis was obtained from greater than 3 year old males with homozygous HbSS disease during routine clinic visits (steady state) to the Wisconsin Sickle Cell Comprehensive Center. Female patients, those less than 3 years of age, or those with a history of stroke or recent blood transfusion were excluded. Washed RBCs were perfused through flow chambers previously coated with thrombospondin (TSP) (2μg/cm 2 ) at a wall shear stress of 1 dyne/cm 2 that mimics the forces in post-capillary venules and optimizes sickle RBC adhesion. After rinsing, adherent RBCs per unit area were counted in four random fields in each of two duplicate wells by direct microscopic visualization. Mean adhesion levels were compared between patients with a history of priapism and those patients without a history of priapism using an independent samples t-test. We studied 27 male patients who met the above inclusion criteria. The priapism group contained 8 patients and the control group 19 patients. The priapism group was older (18.7 vs. 12.9 years). The two groups had comparable laboratory data (Hb, retic, LDH), except for a trend toward a higher total bilirubin in the priapism group (6.4 vs. 3.1 μg/dL), which may be a marker of increased hemolysis. The level of adhesion to TSP for RBCs from patients with priapism was significantly higher compared to the patients without priapism (1336 ± 65 vs. 672 ± 93 RBCs/mm 2 ; mean ± SEM; p=
Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML).

Background This paper presents the Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML) for generating variation of 3D virtual human anatomy in real-time. This framework provides a set of operators for modification of a reference base 3D anatomy. The perturbation of the 3D models is satisfied with nonlinear geometry constraints to create an authentic human anatomy. Methods GAML was used to create 3D difficult anatomical scenarios for virtual simulation of airway management techniques such as Endotracheal Intubation (ETI) and Cricothyroidotomy (CCT). Difficult scenarios for each technique were defined and the model variations procedurally created with GAML. Conclusion This study presents details of the GAML design, set of operators, types of constraints. Cases of CCT and ETI difficulty were generated and confirmed by expert surgeons. Execution performance pertaining to an increasing complexity of constraints using nonlinear programming was in real-time execution.
Traumatic Stress and Pediatric Pain: Towards a Neurobiological Stress-Health Perspective

This theoretical review aims to present the limited findings on traumatic stress and pain in children and adolescents, highlight recent discoveries regarding neurobiological processes, and suggest an alternative stress-health perspective in the future study and conceptualization of pediatric pain and traumatic stress based on results. Current literature highlights a positive correlation between pain and trauma symptoms in youth and suggests a complex relationship that may have mutually maintaining dynamics and intertwined physiological processes. Developmentally sensitive, longitudinal, process-oriented designs assessing neurobiological alterations and stress responses should be utilized in the examination of the trauma-pain relationship. Such investigations may provide a more unified explanation of the relationship between chronic pain and traumatic stress.
The Constitutive Relationship of Listening to Hope, Emotional Intelligence, Stress, and Life Satisfaction

Communication scholars conceptualize communication as constitutive of meaning, arguing that we must place communication first as a primary, fundamental explanation, not as a secondary phenomenon to be explained by psychological antecedents (Cooren, 2012; Craig, 1999; Hecht, 1993; Luhmann, 1992; Manning, 2014). The present study uses a constitutive communication approach to model the relationship of listening to the cognitive states of hope, emotional intelligence, stress, and life satisfaction. A path analysis model lends support to the constitutive communication perspective, indicating that listening styles are predictive of hope, emotional intelligence, stress, and life satisfaction.
An Energy-Efficient Hybrid SAR-VCO $\Delta \Sigma $ Capacitance-to-Digital Converter in 40-nm CMOS

This paper presents a highly digital, 0-1 MASH capacitance-to-digital converter (CDC). The CDC works by sampling a reference voltage on the sensing capacitor and then quantizing the charge stored in it by a 9-bit successive approximation register analog-to-digital converter. The residue is fed to a ring voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) $\Delta \Sigma $ and quantized in time domain. The outputs from the two stages are combined to produce a quantized output with the first-order noise shaping. The proposed two-stage architecture reduces the impact of the VCO’s nonlinearity. A digital calibration technique is used to track the VCO’s gain across process, voltage, and temperature. The absence of any operational amplifier and low oversampling ratio for the VCO results in high energy efficiency. A prototype CDC in a 40-nm CMOS process achieves a 64.2-dB SNR while operating from a 1-V supply and using a sampling frequency of 3 MHz. The prototype achieves a CDC figure of merit of 55 fJ/conversion-step.
Enhancing negotiation skills using foreign service simulations

ABSTRACTCourses: Conflict communication, negotiation, small groupObjective: This activity will enhance students’ awareness and critique of their own negotiation behaviors.
Noninvasive Arterial Imaging: Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Mesenteric vascular disease is often challenging to diagnose because clinical presentation is often nonspecific. Cross-sectional arterial imaging with computed tomography and magnetic resonance angiography (CTA and MRA) can be used to evaluate both the mesenteric vessels and abdominal viscera in a rapid, noninvasive manner. This chapter reviews the basis of imaging with CTA and MRA and their appropriate use in diagnosing mesenteric vascular disorders. Limitations of each modality and considerations prior to choosing an imaging examination are also discussed.
Heart and heart-liver transplantation in adults with failing Fontan physiology.

Background As the population of patients with a Fontan palliation grows so does, the number of patients with cardiac failure necessitating orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) and combined heart-liver transplant (CHLT). There is recent evidence that current era cardiac transplant in Fontan patients has improved outcomes, but most studies have a preponderance of pediatrics patients in their cohorts. We examine our institutional experience with adult OHT and CHLT transplantation for failed Fontan physiology. Methods and results Retrospective analysis of patients at the Ahmanson/UCLA Adult Congenital Heart Disease Center who underwent OHT or CHLT for failing Fontan physiology from January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2017. We identified 20 patients with single-ventricle physiology and Fontan palliation who underwent OHT or CHLT. The median age was 29.5 years (range 19-44). Five patients underwent CHLT because of biopsy proven hepatic cirrhosis. The median length of hospital stay was 23 days (range 8-76) post-OHT and 51 days (range 26-77) post-CHLT. During a median follow-up of 56 months (range 2-178), there was one mortality occurring at 34 months post-OHT due to coronary vasculopathy. Most frequent early postoperative complications included bleeding and infection (55% and 20%, respectively) and surgical reintervention for bleeding complications (n = 8, 40%). One CHLT patient experienced clinically significant hepatic rejection requiring admission and steroid treatment. Conclusions Despite inherent risks and complexities of OHT or CHLT in patients with a failed Fontan, transplant is a reasonable therapy. Peri- and postoperative complications are common and may require surgical reintervention. Continued observation of practices and unifying themes may help improve patient selection, pre- and postoperative treatment and ultimately outcomes.
A Multi-tiered Approach for Analyzing Expressive Timing in Music Performance

This paper presents a method for analyzing expressive timing data from music performances. The goal is to uncover rules which explain a performer’s systematic timing manipulations in terms of structural features of the music such as form, harmonic progression, texture, and rhythm. A multi-tiered approach is adopted, in which one first identifies a continuous tempo curve by performing non-linear regression on the durations of performed time spans at all levels in the metric hierarchy. Once the effect of tempo has been factored out, subsequent tiers of analysis examine how the performed subdivision of each metric layer (e.g., quarter note) typically deviates from an even rendering of the next lowest layer (e.g., two equal eighth notes) as a function of time. Structural features in the music are identified that contribute to a performer’s tempo fluctuations and metric deviations.
A Darwinian perspective on improving nitrogen-fixation efficiency of legume crops and forages

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation by rhizobia in root nodules of crop and forage legumes provides substantial economic and environmental benefits. Nitrogen fixation could be increased in various ways, but most of these would cause a proportional increase in photosynthate costs. This might decrease rather than increase yields, as indicated by the poor performance of crops that make extra nodules. A hypothesis explaining such failures is that past natural selection is unlikely to have missed improvements to nitrogen fixation that are both simple (i.e. arising frequently through mutation) and free of fitness-reducing trade-offs. Various plant and rhizobial mutants that indiscriminately increase resource allocation to nitrogen fixation have presumably arisen frequently, but died out because fitness costs exceeded fitness benefits. Increasing nitrogen-fixation efficiency (gN/gC) may be possible, however, via more complex genetic changes or by accepting trade-offs rejected by natural selection. Two rhizobia strains had greater efficiency in legumes that caused swelling of rhizobial bacteroids in their nodules relative to the same strains in hosts that did not cause swelling. Increasing nodule occupancy by more efficient rhizobial strains could provide major benefits, once we recognize that less efficient strains may evolve or acquire competitive traits of more efficient strains without their greater efficiency. Some legume crops and forages reduce the relative reproduction of less beneficial rhizobia in their nodules. These ‘host sanctions’ are based on actual nitrogen fixation, not easily mimicked recognition signals. Further enhancing host sanctions could lead to legumes that selectively enrich soils with only the most beneficial local rhizobia.
SAFECO: Leveraging the Web in a Knowledge-Based Service Industry

The Internet and World Wide Web present significant business opportunities and threats, particularly for business organizations that are knowledge-based and/or that offer primarily information-based services. For these types of firms, the Web offers opportunities that range from exchanging information with partner organizations, the delivery of existing services to customers, and the creation of new services. The potential threats include choosing the wrong strategies for adopting Web technologies, poor implementation of Web technologies, entering late into the realm of electronic commerce and thus losing market share, or worse, ignoring the use of the Web altogether and potentially being replaced by more nimble rivals. The majority of large organizations in a variety of industries have slowly, cautiously begun deploying Web technologies. This is perhaps not surprising considering the implementation challenges and risks posed by this new technological innovation. It is not yet clear how large organizations, particularly those that are knowledge-based and provide primarily information-based services, should strategize about, adopt, and implement Web technologies. The purpose of this study is to understand how SAFECO, a large corporation in the insurance and financial services industry, is strategizing for and implementing technologies to exploit the Web. SAFECO was recently ranked as one of the leading innovative users of the Web technology in its industry. This further legitimizes the selection of the company as an appropriate case study site.
Identifying an object that is perceptually indistinguishable from one previously perceived

People often encounter objects that are perceptually indistinguishable from objects that they have seen before. When this happens, how do they decide whether the object they are looking at is something never before seen, or if it is the same one they encountered before? To identify these objects people surely use background knowledge and contextual cues. We propose a computational theory of identifying perceptually indistinguishable objects(PIOs) based on a set of experiments which were designed to identify the knowledge and perceptual cues that people use to identify PIOs. By identifying a PIO, we mean deciding which individual object is encountered, not deciding what category of objects it belongs to. In particular, identifying a PIO means deciding if the object just encountered is a new, never before seen object, or if it has been previously encountered, which previously perceived object it is. Our agent’s beliefs and reasoning are based on an intensional representation (Maida & Shapiro 1982). Intensional representations model the sense (Frege 1892) of an object rather than the object referent, itself. The terms of our representation language, SNePS (Shapiro & the SNePS Implementation Group 2002; Shapiro & Rapaport 1992), denote mental entities. Some such entities are propositions; others are abstract ideas; others are the agent’s “concepts” or “ideas” of objects in the world. This is important for the task of identifying PIOs, because before the identification task is complete, the agent may have two mental entities, e1 and e2, that it might or might not conclude correspond to the same object in the world.
Role of Prorenin Receptor (PRR) and NADPH Oxidase (NOX) in the Regulation of VEGF in ARPE-19 Cells under Hyperglycemic Conditions

University School of Medicine, for a gift of human Nox4 plasmid. Role of Prorenin Receptor (PRR) and NADPH Oxidase (NOX) in the Regulation of VEGF in ARPE-19 Cells under Hyperglycemic Conditions Rashidul Haque*, P. Michael Iuvone, Kimberly Su Chung Choi, Daniel J. Park, Annie N. Farrell, and Elizabeth H. Hur Department of Ophthalmology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA *rhaque@emory.edu
Die Diagnose von Bleivergiftung im Lichte neuerer Erkenntnis

Die grose Zahl neuerdings veroffentlichter Aufsatze uber Bleivergiftung bekundet das stark erhohte Interesse fur ein klinisches Problem, das als eines unserer altesten anzusehen ist. Leider entspricht der Betrag an Licht, mit dem diese Frage erhellt worden ist, nicht ganz dem Umfang der literarischen Ausbeute. Es scheint tatsachlich, das fur einen praktischen Mediziner, der versuchte, das laufende Schrifttum zu durchforschen und auszuwerten, fast unvermeidlich eine solche Verwirrung und Entmutigung die Folge ware, das er sich veranlast sehen wurde, zu Auffassungen und Masnahmen zuruckzukehren, die sich im Laufe der Zeit bereits bewahrt haben. Selbst der gelegentliche Leser wird bemerken, das viele der neuerdings veroffentlichten Aufsatze sich in erster Linie mit systematischen, auf dem Laboratoriumswege gewonnenen Diagnosemethoden beschaftigen, unter der augenscheinlichen Annahme, das die grundlegende pathologische Physiologie der Bleivergiftung vollstandig aufgehellt worden und daher als gegeben anzunehmen ist, oder das es nicht notig ist, sie bei der Auswertung der Befunde in Rechnung zu ziehen. Man konnte so zu dem Glauben gefuhrt werden, das Laboratoriums masnahmen klinisches Studium ersetzen konnen. Tatsachlich besteht allerdings nicht nur auf medizinisch-gesetzgeberischem Gebiete, sondern auch in der allgemeinen Praxis eine eindringUche Forderung nach einer Laboratoriumsprufung, die fur sich allein positive diagnostische Bedeutung besitzt. Es liegt daher guter Grand vor, einmal eine Bestandaufnahme der uns gegenwartig verfugbaren Aufklarung vorzunehmen, besonders soweit sie die auf dem Laboratoriumswege ge­wonnene Diagnose betrifft, und in einigermasen vorsichtiger und kritischer Weise abzuschatzen, in welchem Umfange laboratoriumsmalijgc Beobachtungen und die aus ihnen erhaltenen Auswertungen als zuverlassig angesehen werden konnen.
Pulmonary pathologic alterations associated with biopsy inserted hydrogel plugs.

Summary The prevention of pneumothorax after percutaneous lung biopsy is a major patient safety concern. The insertion of hydrogel plugs into biopsy sites to mitigate this complication is a new intervention. The histology of the plug has not been previously reported, and in this study the histologic reaction is reported in 13 cases. The hydrogel plug forms a spherical basophilic matrix pool with an adjacent foreign body giant cell reaction and patchy eosinophilia. No extension to the pleural surface is present. The potential diagnostic errors related to the presence of the plug are discussed.
Laser-enhanced chemical etching of solid surfaces

The laser-enhanced chemical etching of Si and Ta with SF6, Si, SiO2, Ta, and Te films with XeF2 excited by a pulsed CO2 laser arid SiO2 with Cl2 by a cw Ar+ laser has been studied, and the etch rates as a function of the laser wavelength, laser intensity, and gas pressure have been determined.
BEMPEDOIC ACID 180 MG + EZETIMIBE 10 MG FIXED-DOSE COMBINATION VS EZETIMIBE ALONE OR PLACEBO IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA

Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high cardiovascular risk. National and international guidelines recommend aggressive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) lowering with statin therapy; however, statins may increase glucose levels. This phase 2 study was the first to
Should Multilevel Phase I Surgical Therapy be Recommended as Treatment for Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea due to Oropharyngeal and Hypopharyngeal Obstruction

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of multilevel phase I surgery for the treatment of moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in retrognathic patients with oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal obstruction. Materials and Methods This was a 10-year retrospective cohort study of patients treated by a single surgeon at the Boston University Medical Center. From 2000 to 2010, retrognathic patients with moderate OSA and verified palatal and tongue base obstruction were treated with multilevel phase I surgery that included uvulopalatopharyngoplasty, hyoid suspension, and genioglossus advancement. All patients were evaluated clinically and received polysomnographic studies at three time points: preoperatively (T1), between 6 and 12 months postoperatively (T2), and a minimum of 24 months postoperatively (T3). Results Twenty-five subjects composed the final study sample. At T2, 11 patients (44.0%) experienced a complete response, 13 (52.0%) experienced a partial response, and 1 (4.0%) experienced no response. Although phase I surgery was associated with significant changes in AHI (F(2,48) = 119.3; P Conclusions Although phase I surgery was associated with AHI changes, this reduction was not sufficient to produce a long-term treatment response in over half of our patients. Treatment response was worse after 2 years than at 6 to 12 months. Patients with moderate OSA should understand that multilevel phase I surgery has a greater chance of failure than success and that transient improvements may not be durable.