Herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2.

1. Daniel Ruderfer, MD* 2. Leonard R. Krilov, MD*,† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Medical Center, Winthrop University Hospital, Mineola, NY 2. †Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York at Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY 1. 1. Gutierrez KM, 2. Arvin AM 1. Feigin RD, 2. Cherry JD, 3. Demmler-Harrison GJ, 4. Kaplan SL Herpes Simplex Viruses 1 and 2. Gutierrez KM, Arvin AM. In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, Demmler-Harrison GJ, Kaplan SL, eds. Feigin and Cherry's Textbook of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2009:1993–2016 2. 1. Pickering LK, 2. Baker CJ, 3. Kimberlin DW, 4. Long SS Herpes Simplex. American Academy of Pediatrics. In: Pickering LK, Baker CJ, Kimberlin DW, Long SS, eds. Red Book: 2012 Report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. 29th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2012:398–408. Herpes images 6, 16, 26, and 45 3. 1. Kimberlin DW, 2. Whitley RJ, 3. Wan W, 4. et al Oral Acyclovir Suppression and Neurodevelopment After Neonatal Herpes. Kimberlin DW, Whitley RJ, Wan W, et al. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:1284–1292 [OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] 4. 1. Kimberlin DW, 2. Lin CY, 3. Jacobs RF, 4. et al Natural History of Neonatal Herpes Simplex Virus Infections in the Acyclovir Era. Kimberlin DW, Lin CY, Jacobs RF, et al. Pediatrics. 2001;108:223–229 [OpenUrl][5][Abstract/FREE Full Text][6] 5. 1. Kimberlin DW, 2. Rouse DJ Genital Herpes. Kimberlin DW, Rouse DJ. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:1970–1977 [OpenUrl][7][CrossRef][8][PubMed][9][Web of Science][10] Two ubiquitous members of the 9-member human herpesvirus (HHV) family are herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, which belong to the α-herpesvirus subfamily. The common sites of their clinical presentation are the oral and genital mucocutaneous areas, and both viruses can infect nerve cells and remain dormant for the long term in the sensory ganglia. Classic lesions initially appear as fluid-filled vesicles, which later become pustular and ultimately dry out and crust over. However, most infected individuals do not have any clinical manifestation either at the time of initial acquisition or during episodes of reactivation. The host's immune status has a strong influence on disease severity, as does whether infection is primary or recurrent. Recognizing the wide variety of clinical presentations, as well as knowledge of course progression, is invaluable for patient management and family counseling. Both forms of HSV can infect either oral or genital mucocutaneous sites, with HSV-1 predominately infecting oral sites and HSV-2 mainly infecting genital sites. Even in persons initially infected at both oral and genital sites with HSV-1 or HSV-2, HSV-1 is more likely to recur at oral sites, and HSV-2 reactivates more frequently in the genital areas. HSV infection can become invasive, causing severe disease, but this is uncommon and may represent a state of immunodeficiency. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is considerably more sensitive than is culture of vesicular fluid for detection of HSV on mucosal surfaces. The sensitivity of viral culture decreases as lesions heal. For patients who have no active lesions but a history of genital ulcers, diagnosis … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DKimberlin%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BW.%26rft.volume%253D365%26rft.issue%253D14%26rft.spage%253D1284%26rft.epage%253D1292%26rft.atitle%253DOral%2Bacyclovir%2Bsuppression%2Band%2Bneurodevelopment%2Bafter%2Bneonatal%2Bherpes.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMoa1003509%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F21991950%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMoa1003509&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=21991950&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F36%2F2%2F86.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000295578700006&link_type=ISI [5]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DPediatrics%26rft.stitle%253DPediatrics%26rft.issn%253D0031-4005%26rft.aulast%253DKimberlin%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BW.%26rft.volume%253D108%26rft.issue%253D2%26rft.spage%253D223%26rft.epage%253D229%26rft.atitle%253DNatural%2BHistory%2Bof%2BNeonatal%2BHerpes%2BSimplex%2BVirus%2BInfections%2Bin%2Bthe%2BAcyclovir%2BEra%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1542%252Fpeds.108.2.223%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F11483781%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [6]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=pediatrics&resid=108/2/223&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F36%2F2%2F86.atom [7]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DNew%2BEngland%2BJournal%2Bof%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DNEJM%26rft.issn%253D0028-4793%26rft.aulast%253DKimberlin%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%2BW.%26rft.volume%253D350%26rft.issue%253D19%26rft.spage%253D1970%26rft.epage%253D1977%26rft.atitle%253DGenital%2BHerpes%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1056%252FNEJMcp023065%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F15128897%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [8]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1056/NEJMcp023065&link_type=DOI [9]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=15128897&link_type=MED&atom=%2Fpedsinreview%2F36%2F2%2F86.atom [10]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000221218800009&link_type=ISI