cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the intrinsic parity of black holes

Abstract We investigate the intrinsic parity of black holes. It appears that discrete symmetries require the black hole Hilbert space to be larger than suggested by the usual quantum numbers M (mass), Q (charge) and J (angular momentum). Recent results on black hole production in trans-Planckian scattering lead to gravitational effects which do not decouple from low-energy physics. Dispersion relations incorporating these effects imply that the semi-classical black hole spectrum is similar in parity even and odd channels. This result can be generalized to other discrete and continuous symmetries.
Synthesis of cyclic enones via direct palladium-catalyzed aerobic dehydrogenation of ketones.

α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compounds are versatile intermediates in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and biologically active compounds. Here, we report the discovery and application of Pd(DMSO)2(TFA)2 as a catalyst for direct dehydrogenation of cyclohexanones and other cyclic ketones to the corresponding enones, using O2 as the oxidant. The substrate scope includes heterocyclic ketones and several natural-product precursors.
Stable isotope enrichment: Current and future potential

Abstract Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) operates the Isotope Enrichment Facility for the purpose of providing enriched stable isotopes, selected radioactive isotopes (including the actinides), and isotope-related materials and services for use in various research applications. ORNL is responsible for isotope enrichment and the distribution of approximately 225 nongaseous stable isotopes from 50 multi-isotopic elements. Many enriched isotope products are of prime importance in the fabrication of nuclear targets and the subsequent production of special radionuclides. State-of-the-art techniques to achieve special isotopic, chemical, and physical requirements are performed at ORNL. This report describes the status and capabilities of the Isotope Enrichment Facility and the Isotope Research Materials Laboratory as well as emphasizing potential advancements in enrichment capabilities.
Comparing Well-Defined Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, and Nickel Ketone Hydrosilylation Catalysts

A brief review of manganese-catalyzed hydrosilylation is presented along with a personal account of how the design for the highly active catalyst, (Ph2PPrPDI)Mn, was conceived. The reductive transformations achieved using this catalyst are described and put into further context by comparing the observed activities with those attained for leading late first-row transition-metal catalysts.
Heavy quark effective theory and inclusive B decays

Abstract I review the use of the Heavy Quark Effective Theory in the computation of total rates and differential kinematic distributions in inclusive semileptonic and radiative B decays. Particular attention is paid to strategies for the extraction of V cb and V ub .
“Wild Child”: How Three Principles of Healing Organized 12 Years of Psychotherapy

Methods of conducting psychotherapy in the most severe forms of childhood posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in those traumas discovered very early in life, are rarely reported. This paper presents such a report and in the process emphasizes three elements of treatment: abreaction (full emotional expression of the traumatic experience), context (understanding and gaining perspective on the experience), and correction (finding ways personally or through society to prevent or repair such experiences). With traumatized children, all three elements may be inserted into their therapeutic play, art, and/or talk. An overarching mood of light humor helps the transference stay positive and the child interested. The case of "Cammie," an infant who was bitten, shaken, and sexually abused, and whose 25-day-old sister was discovered at home, murdered, is the subject of this report. This little girl, upon removal at 13 months of age from her home of origin, growled, bit, sniffed sexual organs, rarely spoke, and behaved like the "feral children" described in the classic psychiatric literature. Two respected professionals diagnosed her as mentally retarded. A year in an outstanding foster home did little to improve her. At 29 months of age she was brought to the author, who saw enough imagination and pithy language to believe the child to be intelligent but severely traumatized. The author had begun to conceptualize three principles of PTSD treatment after a study of normal schoolchildren's reactions to the 1986 Challenger disaster. These three principles were used with varying emphases at different phases throughout the "wild child's" 12-year course of once-monthly therapy. Improvement beyond anyone's expectations ensued.
On sums of admissible coadjoint orbits

Given a quasi-Hermitian semisimple Lie algebra, we describe possible spectra of the sum of two admissible elements from its dual vector space.
Stereoselective Synthesis of Morpholines Via Copper-Promoted Oxyamination of Alkenes

A new copper(II) 2-ethylhexanoate-promoted addition of an alcohol and an amine across an alkene (oxyamination) is reported. The alcohol addition is intramolecular, while coupling with the amine occurs intermolecularly. Several 2-aminomethyl morpholines were synthesized in good to excellent yields and diastereoselectivities.
Redundant synchronization elimination for DOACROSS loops

Cross-iterations data dependences in DOACROSS loops require explicit data synchronizations to enforce them. However, the composite effect of some data synchronizations may cover the other dependences and make the enforcement of those covered dependences redundant. In this paper, we propose an efficient and general algorithm to identify redundant synchronizations in multiply nested DOACROSS loops which may have multiple statements and loop-exit control branches. Eliminating redundant synchronizations in DOACROSS loops allows more efficient execution of such loops. We also address the issues of enforcing data synchronizations in iterations near the boundary of the iteration space. Because some dependences may not exist in those boundary iterations, it adds complexity in determining the redundant synchronizations for those boundary iterations. The necessary and sufficient condition under which the synchronization is uniformly redundant is also studied. These results allow a parallelizing compiler to generate efficient data synchronization instructions for DOACROSS loops.
Factorization of soft and collinear divergences in non-equilibrium quantum field theory

Abstract Proof of factorization of soft and collinear divergences in non-equilibrium QCD may be necessary to study hadronic signatures of quark–gluon plasma at RHIC and LHC. In this paper we prove factorization of soft and collinear divergences in non-equilibrium QED by using Schwinger–Keldysh closed-time path integral formalism in the background field method in pure gauge.
Taking the copyfight online: Comparing the copyright debate in congressional hearings, in newspapers, and on the web

This article examines the rhetoric around copyright and the regulation of digital rights management (DRM) from 2003 to 2006 in congressional hearings, in major newspapers, and on the most prominent relevant websites. The article describes a new combination of methods for identifying a set of online documents to compare with offline documents via content analysis. These three media present very different views of the copyright debate. Hearings present a rough balance of both coalitions' messages. Newspapers lean slightly toward stronger fair use but have little coverage. The online debate features a deluge of strong fair use arguments. These findings highlight different communication strategies and suggest broader lessons about the changing nature of policy advocacy and the policymaking process. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Novel pyridopyrimidine derivatives as inhibitors of stable toxin a (STa) induced cGMP synthesis

A series of pyridopyrimidine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit cyclic nucleotide synthesis in the presence of stable toxin a of Escherichia coli. The structure activity relationships around the basic core structure were examined and examples with better activity and potentially better pharmacological properties are presented.
Coorbit Description and Atomic Decomposition of Besov Spaces

Function spaces are central topics in analysis. Often those spaces and related analysis involves symmetries in form of an action of a Lie group. Coorbit theory as introduced by Feichtinger and Grochenig [6–8] and then later extended in Christensen and Olafsson [3] gives a unified method to construct Banach spaces of functions based on representations of Lie groups. In this article, we identify the homogeneous Besov spaces on stratified Lie groups introduced by Fuhr and Mayeli [12] as coorbit spaces in the sense of [3] and use this to derive atomic decompositions for the Besov spaces.
Development, Scope, and Mechanism of the Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroalkylation of 3-Butenyl β-Diketones

Reaction of 7-octene-2,4-dione (3) with a catalytic amount of PdCl2(CH3CN)2 (4) (10 mol %) in dioxane at room temperature for 16 h formed 2-acetylcyclohexanone (5) in 81% yield as a single regioisomer. Byproducts in the conversion of 3 to 5 include 2,4-octanedione (13), 2-acetyl-2-cyclohexenone (14), 2-acetylphenol (15), (E)- and (Z)-6-octene-2,4-dione (17), (E)- and (Z)-5-octene-2,4-dione (18), the η3-β-diketonate chloride dimer {[η3-CH3CH2CH2CHCOHCHAc]Pd(Cl)}2 (12), and the π(allyl)palladium chloride dimer {[η3-CH3CHCHCHC(O)CH2Ac]Pd(Cl)}2 (16). The palladium-catalyzed cyclization of 3-butenyl β-diketones tolerated substitution at the terminal acyl carbon atom, the enolic carbon atom, and the terminal olefinic carbon atom. Deuterium-labeling studies, in conjunction with kinetic and in situ NMR experiments, supported a mechanism for the palladium-catalyzed hydroalkylation of 3-butenyl β-diketones initiated by 6-endo-trig attack of the enol carbon atom on a palladium-complexed olefin to form a palladium cy...
A computer model of child language learning

A computer program modelling a child between the ages of 1 and 2 years is described. This program is based on observations of the knowledge this child had at age 1, the comprehension abilities he had at age 2, and the language experiences he had between these ages. The computer program described begins at the age 1 level, is given similar language experiences, and uses inference and learning rules to acquire comprehension at the age 2 level.
Dynamic Simulation-Based Analysis of a New Load Shedding Scheme for a Notional Destroyer-Class Shipboard Power System

In this paper, an expert-system-based load shedding scheme (LSS) for ship power systems is revisited. In this LSS, a popular decision-making tool termed the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is utilized for prioritizing the loads to be shed onboard a notional all-electric ship power system. The AHP-based LSS is proposed as an alternative to possibly overcome some of the major drawbacks of traditional LSSs implemented on ship power systems by minimizing the number of loads disconnected, differentiating the priority of loads based on system conditions, and considering a wider ranger of factors that may potentially influence the shedding of electrical loads. An implementation of the developed LSS to a destroyer-class shipboard power system simulated on a real-time digital simulator is presented.
Analysis of Stabilizer Degradation Products in Propellants Using HPLC and Photodiode Array(PDA) Detection

Analysis of stabilizer and stabilizer degradation products in nitrocellulose based propellants was done using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) with photodiode array(PDA) detection. Analysis of these compounds was done in less than 12 minutes using an isocratic mobile phase. Using PDA detection provided the capability of monitoring at several different wavelengths as well as providing UV spectra which could be used to assess peak purity and match the spectra against known library spectra.
Spike-nosed projectiles - Computations and dual flow modes in supersonic flight

Abstract : This study was made to assess the capability of a Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method to adequately determine the aerodynamic coefficients for the unusual configurations of sharp-edged, spike-nosed projectiles that are of interest to the US Army. McCormack's time-dependent, explicit scheme was used for the full Navier-Stokes equations in a zonal gridding topology. Three configurations were computed at Mach = 1.72 and zero angle of attack. The results are compared against wind tunnel data. The flow fields computed are in qualitative agreement with wind tunnel schlieren photographs, and the computed drag coefficients are within two percent of the wind tunnel measurements. Two important issues are faced: (1) the always existing possibility of a dual flow mode and which one will occur under specific flow conditions; and (2) observed role of the turbulence level and numerical model in affecting flow separation and, thus, influencing a particular flow mode to be predicted. This study demonstrates the successful application of the present approach to these unusual configurations and, thus, leads the way to further application for more complex configurations, such as those with booms and fins. Keywords: Aerodynamic characteristics; Projectile nose/spikes; Bluntbodies; Supersonic characteristics.
Cyclopropanation and ring-expansion of unsaturated sugars

Abstract The cyclopropanation of unsaturated sugars provides 1,2 C -methylene carbohydrates in good to excellent yields. Treatment of the cyclopropanes with a Lewis acid furnishes seven-membered oxacycles.
Does Post-Accident Drug Testing Reduce Injuries? Evidence from a Large Retail Chain

This study examines the effects on occupational injury claims of a recently implemented post-accident drug testing (PADT) program in a large retail chain. We find that claims have fallen significantly in affected districts, suggesting that PADT programs can reduce injury claims, even in workplaces that already utilize other forms of drug testing. Our results also suggest that some types of employees�such as full-time workers, male workers, and higher-tenure workers�are particularly responsive. Finally, we find some "circumstantial evidence" that a portion of the observed decline could be caused by employees� reduced willingness to report workplace accidents
Charge transport in conducting polymers: insights from impedance spectroscopy

This tutorial review gives a brief introduction to impedance spectroscopy and discusses how it has been used to provide insight into charge transport through conducting polymers, particularly when the polymers are used as electrodes for solution studies or the design of electrodes for biomedical applications. As such it provides both an introduction to the topic and references to both classic and contemporary work for the more advanced reader.
Delamination Failure Investigation for Out-of-plane Loading in Laminates:

In contrast to failure approaches at the lamina level or the micromechanics level, the present work concerns failure characterization at the laminate level. Specifically, attention is given to the ultimate failure characterization for quasi-isotropic laminates. This is in further contrast to the commonly used approaches for initial damage or progressive damage. It is shown that the analytical failure forms decompose into two modes, one for out-of-plane, delamination-type failure and one for in-plane, fiber-controlled-type failure. The work here is mainly given over to the delamination mode of failure. Experimental results are presented for laminates in this mode of failure. These results are then integrated with the analytical forms to give a simple criterion for delamination failure.
Using formal specifications in the design of a human-computer interface

Formal specification techniques are valuable in software development because they permit a designer to describe the external behavior of a system precisely without specifying its internal implementation. Although formal specifications have been applied to many areas of software systems, they have not been widely used for specifying user interfaces. In the Military Message System project at the Naval Research Laboratory, the user interfaces as well as the other components of a family of message systems are specified formally, and prototypes are then implemented from the specifications. This paper illustrates the specification of the user interface module for the family of message systems. It then surveys specification techniques that can be applied to human-computer interfaces and divides the techniques into two categories: those based on state transition diagrams and those based on BNF. Examples of both types of specifications are given. Specification notations based on state transition diagrams are preferable to those based on BNF because the former capture the surface structure of the user interface more perspicuously. In either notation, a high-level abstraction for describing the semantics of the user interface is needed, and an application-specific one is used here.
Intramolecular glycosylation to form 4-methoxy-2,6-dioxopyrimidine nucleosides via O6,5'-cyclonucleosides.

Abstract Lewis-acid promoted intramolecular N1 glycosylation to form the novel O6,5′-cyclonucleoside 1a occurs in high yield from the corresponding acyclic thiophenyl-glycoside 12. The relative stability of the O6,5′ tether compared with O2,5′ and O2,3′ tethers is reported. Cleavage of the anhydro bond was effected with aqueous base to yield the 4-methoxybarbituric acid nucleoside analogue 14.
Soft Matter Approaches for Enhancing the Catalytic Capabilities of Polyoxometalate Clusters

In this minireview, we discuss the recent efforts on expanding the catalytic capabilities of polyoxometalates (POM) through emulsion catalysis approaches with novel catalytic-active POM–organic hybrid clusters as emulsifiers. The hybrid emulsifiers include surfactant encapsulated POM complexes, molecular POMs–organic hybrids, and POM-based solid nanoparticles. With such novel approaches the catalytic efficiency of the POMs can be significantly improved by enhancing the compatibility of the POMs with organic media, providing catalytic interface for biphasic reactions, as well as easier preparation, and better recyclability. Particularly, a simple, green chemistry method to prepare metal nanoparticle materials with POMs as both reducing and capping agents in aqueous is reviewed.
Flemion-based actuator with ionic liquid as solvent

A perfluorinated carboxylic acid membrane, i.e. Flemion, shows improved performance as actuator material compared with Nafion (perfluorinated sulfonic acid). Flemion has a higher ion exchange capacity and good mechanical strength. In particular, Flemion will deform with no back relaxation under applied electrical stimulus. However, with water as solvent, the operation of Flemion in air has serious problems, since water would evaporate quickly in air. Moreover, the electrochemical stability for use in water is around 1 V at room temperature. In previous work, investigations on Nafion with ionic liquid as solvents have been carried out by some researchers and good results have been obtained. In this work, we explore the use of highly stable ionic liquid instead of water as solvent in Flemion. Experimental results indicate that Flemion-based actuators with ionic liquid as solvent have improved stability as compared to the water samples. Although the forces exhibited by Flemion-based actuators with the use of ionic liquid decreased dramatically compared to water, these preliminary results suggest good potential for the use of Flemion with ionic liquid in future applications.
An improved method of oxazolidinone hydrolysis in the asymmetric synthesis of α-alkylprolines

Abstract An improvement in Seebach's method for the synthesis of α-alkylprolines is reported wherein the hydrolysis of the chiral oxazolidinone 2 is performed on a suspension of silica gel in MeOH/H2O. Following hydrolysis, the pure α-alkylproline can be obtained by filtration thereby avoiding a tedious ion exchange purification.
Determination of Unsaturation of Butyl Rubbers and Certain Branched Olefins. Iodine Monochloride Method

Abstract The reaction of iodine monochloride with highly branched olefins and polymers is abnormal in that the addition products formed possess steric strain and tend to decompose. The products of decomposition react further with iodine monochloride, generally leading to high results in the determination of unsaturation. Based upon the fact that the addition of iodine monochloride to the decomposition product is not so rapid as the addition of iodine monochloride to the original olefin or polymer, new procedures have been developed for the determination of unsaturation of highly branched ethylenic substances. The procedures have been shown to give reliable results for olefins such as the diisobutylenes and for copolymers, such as isoprene Butyl rubber and butadiene Butyl rubber.
Why Does the Interest Rate Decline Over the Day? Evidence from the Liquidity Crisis

We provide a simple model, able to explain why the overnight (ON) rate follows a downward intraday pattern, implicitly creating a positive intraday interest rate. While this normally reflects only some frictions, a liquidity crisis introduces a new component: the chance of an upward jump of the ON rate, which must be compensated by an intraday decline of the ON rate. By analyzing real time data for the e-MID interbank market, we show that the intraday rate has increased from a negligible level to a significant one after the start of the liquidity crisis in August 2007, and even more so since September 2008. The intraday rate is affected by the likelihood of a dry-up of the ON market, proxied by the 3M Euribor—Eonia swap spread. This evidence supports our model and it shows that a liquidity crisis impairs the ability of central banks to curb the market price of intraday liquidity, even by providing free daylight overdrafts. Such results have implications for the efficiency of the money market and of payment systems, as well as for the operational framework of central banks.
MEDICAL RESOURCES AND SUICIDE PREVENTION

Doerner and Speir (1986) argued that the regional variation in homicide rates might be a result in part of the differential distribution of medical resources, and they demonstrated that the availability of hospital beds, physicians, and nurses in Florida counties was related to the homicide rate. 'Ilus suggests the hypothesis that the regional variation in suicide rates might also be related to the differential distribution of medical resources. To test this hypothesis, data from 1980 for the number of beds per capita and the number of physicians per capita in each of the 48 continental states were obtained from the Census Bureau (1982-1983), and rates of suicide and homicide were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics (1983). The suicide rate was negatively related to the number of beds per capita (Pearson r = -0.27, p= ,031 but not signiEicantly to the number of physicians per capita (r=-0.21, p = .07). The homicide rate was positively related to the number of beds per capita (r = 0.40, p = .003) but not to the number of physicians per capita (r = -0.06). To explore this further, suicide and homicide rates from 15 Western European nations' for 1980 obtained from the World Health Organization (WHO, annual) were correlated with each of the three measures used by Doerner and Speir-population per physician, per nurse, and per hos~itd bed obtained from the World Bank (1983). . . Suicide rates were negatively but not significantly correlated with the population per physician, nurse, and bed (Pearson rs = -0.42, -0.44, and -0.40, respectively). The higher the suicide rate, the lower the population per medical resource, that is, the better the medical resources. This is contrary to the expectation. The homicide rates were also not significantly correlated with anv of the three medical resource measures Irs = -0.19. -0.22 and -0.28). The present analyses then give Little support for the Doerner and Speir hypothesis using their measures of medical resources except for the measure of beds per capita in the states of America. However, they suggested a better measure of lethality from homicide-homicides divided by homicides and assaults. A better measure of mortality from suicide would be completed suicides divided by completed plus attempted suicides. Unfortunately, counts of attempted suicides are not available for American states or nations at present.
Almost Everywhere Convergence of Orthogonal Expansions of Several Variables

For a weighted L1 space on the unit sphere of Rd+1, in which the weight functions are invariant under finite reflection groups, a maximal function is introduced and used to prove the almost everywhere convergence of orthogonal expansions in h-harmonics. The result applies to various methods of summability, including the de La Vallee Poussin means and the Cesaro means. Similar results are also established for weighted orthogonal expansions on the unit ball and on the simplex of Rd.
Evaluation of NOx Mechanisms for Lean, Premixed Combustion

In this paper the formation of the oxides of nitrogen, NO{sub x}, is examined through experiments and chemical kinetic modeling for lean, premixed combustion in a laboratory, atmospheric pressure, jet-stirred reactor. The experimental conditions are as follows: fuel-air equivalence ratio ({phi}) of 0.6, temperatures of 1460 to 1730 K, and reactor loadings of 20 to 150 kg/sec-m{sup 3}-atm{sup 2}, which correspond to reactor mean residence times of 11.4 to 1.8 milliseconds. Two fuels are examined: ethylene because of its importance as a combustion intermediate, and methane, because of its importance as a component of natural gas. Besides the premixed operation, the reactor also is operated nonpremixed. For both modes, the NO{sub x} increases with decreasing loading, from abut 3-4 ppmv at the highest loading to about 11-21 ppmv at the lowest loading for the ethylene fuel. This increase in NO{sub x} occurs because a hot spot develops on centerline when the reactor is lightly loaded. Also for the lowest loading, the nonpremixed mode produces about twice as much NO{sub x} as the premixed mode, i.e., about 21 versus 11 ppmv. At the other reactor loadings, however, because of the intense mixing, the NO{sub x} levels are only slightly elevated formore » the nonpremixed mode compared to the premixed mode. Upon switching to methane fuel, the NO{sub x} decreases by about 25 percent.« less
Actuator-based vibration control using position feedback

We have developed a control strategy based entirely on the relative position of the armature and body. Additionally, we have developed an actuator which has the necessary features to take advantage of this approach. This strategy provides a modular approach to vibration isolation because it acts independently of the dynamics of any attached structures. While the system is unable to match the peak performance of adaptive multiple-input multiple-output controllers, it provides significant broadband isolation with a simple, local controller. Further, this control can be implemented within the actuator, providing more sophisticated controllers with an actuator that has less force transmission than conventional devices. This offers the potential of additional gains in isolation performance. We present the analytical model of such an actuator and control algorithm, and investigate practical limits on the general problem of position-based control for vibration isolation of structures. Within these limits, we propose a method for controlling an actual system which provides good broadband isolation with a simple control architecture. Finally, we prove the approach by demonstrating it experimentally.
Narrative theme navigation for sitcoms supported by fan-generated scripts

The following article provides the definitive description of the complete Joke-O-Mat system to navigate sitcoms as presented briefly in Friedland et al. (2009) and extended in Janin et al. (2010), which was augmented with fan-generated scripts as described in Friedland et al. (2010). The system with the extension allows a user to browse a sitcom by scene, punchline, and dialog segment, and to filter these themes by actor and by keyword. For example, the user can choose to watch only punchlines by the character "Kramer" that contain the word "armoire". The system infers the narrative themes and provides word-level search by automatically aligning the output of a speaker identification system and a speech recognizer to both closed captions and scripts generated by fans on the Internet. The segmentations produced by this system have proven to be indistinguishable from expert-generated segmentations, and require significantly less time to produce. The article describes the original and the extended Joke-O-Mat ( http://www.icsi.berkeley.edu/jokeomat/ ) system, discusses problems with the use of fan-generated content, and presents results on episodes from the sitcom Seinfeld with regards to segmentation accuracy and overall user satisfaction as determined by a human-subject study.
Rate of false conviction of criminal defendants who are sentenced to death

The rate of erroneous conviction of innocent criminal defendants is often described as not merely unknown but unknowable. There is no systematic method to determine the accuracy of a criminal conviction; if there were, these errors would not occur in the first place. As a result, very few false convictions are ever discovered, and those that are discovered are not representative of the group as a whole. In the United States, however, a high proportion of false convictions that do come to light and produce exonerations are concentrated among the tiny minority of cases in which defendants are sentenced to death. This makes it possible to use data on death row exonerations to estimate the overall rate of false conviction among death sentences. The high rate of exoneration among death-sentenced defendants appears to be driven by the threat of execution, but most death-sentenced defendants are removed from death row and resentenced to life imprisonment, after which the likelihood of exoneration drops sharply. We use survival analysis to model this effect, and estimate that if all death-sentenced defendants remained under sentence of death indefinitely, at least 4.1% would be exonerated. We conclude that this is a conservative estimate of the proportion of false conviction among death sentences in the United States.
Harmonic optimization of multilevel converters using genetic algorithms

In this letter, a genetic algorithm (GA) optimization technique is applied to determine the switching angles for a cascaded multilevel inverter which eliminates specified higher order harmonics while maintaining the required fundamental voltage. This technique can be applied to multilevel inverters with any number of levels. As an example, in this paper a seven-level inverter is considered, and the optimum switching angles are calculated offline to eliminate the fifth and seventh harmonics. These angles are then used in an experimental setup to validate the results.
Instrumentation Used to Define Performance of Small Size, Low Power Gas Turbines

Difficulties experienced in making performance measurements in small turbines resulted in the development of specialized equipment and techniques. Miniaturized probes, low pressure level transducers, precise power absorbers, and calibration methods are described. Testing of a small radial-inflow turbine at an inlet pressure of 3.4 psia is used as an example for the levels of performance variables being encountered. Accuracy of the various measurements and its effect on calculated performance numbers are included.Copyright © 1969 by ASME
Rhodium(III)-catalyzed indazole synthesis by C-H bond functionalization and cyclative capture.

An efficient, one-step, and highly functional group-compatible synthesis of substituted N-aryl-2H-indazoles is reported via the rhodium(III)-catalyzed C–H bond addition of azobenzenes to aldehydes. The regioselective coupling of unsymmetrical azobenzenes was further demonstrated and led to the development of a new removable aryl group that allows for the preparation of indazoles without N-substitution. The 2-aryl-2H-indazole products also represent a new class of readily prepared fluorophores for which initial spectroscopic characterization has been performed.
The Relationship between the Income Elasticities of Demand and Willingness to Pay

Abstract The relationship between income and willingness to pay for collectively provided public/environmental goods is investigated. We show that while the income elasticity of willingness to pay and the ordinary income elasticity of demand are related, knowledge of one is insufficient to determine the magnitude or even the sign of the other. The income elasticity of willingness to pay is influenced by additional factors which are generally unobservable. Examples are provided to illustrate the degree to which the two income elasticities may diverge. Our results indicate that even when goods are demand luxuries they may or may not have income elasticities of willingness to pay which are greater than one.
HyperMail: treating electronic mail as literature

The huge flux of electronic information surrounding the modern researcher requires new tools for its management. HyperMail is a simple tool built on the HyperCard environment for use as a retrospective aid, for relatively stable collections of Email messages concerning a relatively focused topic. By allowing users to swiftly locate, examine and compare messages across authors and across time, the original conversation can become a rich source of subsequent study. Our goal is to treat Email as a form of literature, worthy of the same preservation and augmentation that is typical of traditional printed media.
Photon trapping and transfer with solitons

We show, numerically, that a single photon trapped by a soliton in a Kerr nonlinear medium can be transferred from one soliton to another when the captor soliton undergoes collision with a second soliton. Soliton collisions can also be used in this way to realize a beam splitter, as well as a mode-separating beam splitter, analogous to the usual polarizing beam splitter. We discuss briefly the feasibility of an optical fiber implementation and possible applications to quantum-information processing.
COGNITIVE AND MOTIVATIONAL INFLUENCES ON SPONTANEOUS COMFORTING BEHAVIOR

Most previous research concerned with comforting communication skills has studied comforting by having subjects respond to hypothetical situations. A major goal of the present study was to examine the relation of several cognitive and motivational variables to the comforting behaviors displayed by persons in a “real world” situation. Subjects (73 female college students) interacted with a female confederate who appeared to be emotionally distressed about having been left by her boyfriend. These interactions were covertly videotaped and content analyzed. Measures of interpersonal construct differentiation, emotional empathy, communication apprehension, and locus of control orientation were also obtained. As expected, interpersonal construct differentiation was positively related to qualitative features of the comforting behaviors exhibited by subjects. Also as expected, highly apprehensive subjects tended to avoid interacting with the distressed confederate and engaged in relatively little comforting behavior. Emotional empathy and locus of control orientation were unrelated to the comforting behaviors of subjects. These results are discussed in terms of a general model of comforting behavior.
Non-destructive characterization using pulsed fast-thermal neutrons

Abstract Explosives, illicit drugs, and other contraband materials contain various chemical elements in quantities and ratios that differentiate them from each other and from innocuous substances. Furthermore, the major chemical elements in coal can provide information about various parameters of importance to the coal industry. In both examples, the non-destructive identification of chemical elements can be performed using pulsed fast-thermal neutrons that, through nuclear reactions, excite the nuclei of the various elements. This technique is being currently developed for the dismantling of nuclear weapons classified as trainers, and for the on-line coal bulk analysis.
Simple Bounds for Recovering Low-complexity Models

This note presents a unied analysis of the recovery of simple objects from random linear measurements. When the linear functionals are Gaussian, we show that an s-sparse vector in R n can be eciently recovered from 2 s logn measurements with high probability and a rank r, n n matrix can be eciently recovered from r(6n 5r) measurements with high probability. For sparse vectors, this is within an additive factor of the best known nonasymptotic bounds. For low-rank matrices, this matches the best known bounds. We present a parallel analysis for blocksparse vectors obtaining similarly tight bounds. In the case of sparse and block-sparse signals, we additionally demonstrate that our bounds are only slightly weakened when the measurement map is a random sign matrix. Our results are based on analyzing a particular dual point which certies optimality conditions of the respective convex programming problem. Our calculations rely only on standard large deviation inequalities and our analysis is self-contained.
A product study of the gas‐phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with the OH radical in the presence of NOx

The gas-phase reaction of methyl vinyl ketone with the OH radical, in the presence of NOx, was investigated at 298 ± 2 K and atmospheric pressure of air. Glycolaldehyde and methylglyoxal were observed to be the major products, with a combined yield of 0.89 ± 0.16. The sum of the yields of the two other main products, formaldehyde and peroxyacetyl nitrate, were found to be essentially unity. The product yield data for glycolaldehyde and methylglyoxal indicate that OH radical addition to the terminal carbon atom of the >CC< bond accounts for 72 ± 21% of the overall reaction, with the remaining 28 ± 9% proceeding via addition to the inner carbon atom of the double bond.
Defining perennial, intermittent, and ephemeral channels in Eastern Kentucky: application to forestry best management practices.

Abstract Typically, Forestry Best Management Practices (BMPs) that are applied to riparian areas are dependent upon stream flow duration. Definitions vary but most often perennial, intermittent and ephemeral channels are classified and used to determine the specific BMP prescription for a site. The most common technique to determine stream class is to use USGS Quadrangle “blue line” maps where blue lines are considered perennial, dashed blue lines are considered intermittent, and ephemeral channels occur where there is convergent topography but no lines are present. This research and others indicate that the “blue line” method is highly inaccurate at the site scale, especially for lower flow systems. In this study we use the channel geometry method and watershed characteristics to develop multiple regression models to predict flow duration across the range of channels in the Eastern Coalfield Region of Eastern Kentucky, USA. Based on our set of predictive models, we can explain 78–91% of the observed variability in flow duration. Parameters that were most common in the models included the natural log of watershed area, bankfull width, width:depth ratio, stream slope and entrenchment ratio. By utilizing our most encompassing model (all sites for their longest time period), we were able to develop a table of general guidelines that classified >95% of study channels correctly. Given the high predictive capability of our models and the geographic range of sites, we believe that our table of guidelines is robust for the Eastern Coalfield Physiographic Region of Eastern Kentucky.
Random paths to pairwise stability in many-to-many matching problems: a study on market equilibration

This paper considers a decentralized process in many-to-many matching problems. We show that if agents on one side of the market have substitutable preferences and those on the other side have responsive preferences, then, from an arbitrary matching, there exists a finite path of matchings such that each matching on the path is formed by satisfying a blocking individual or a blocking pair for the previous matching, and the final matching is pairwise-stable. This implies that an associated stochastic process converges to a pairwise-stable matching in finite time with probability one, if each blocking individual or pair is satisfied with a positive probability at each period along the process.
Absolute Lymphocyte Count Recovery after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Predicts Clinical Outcome

Abstract Immune reconstitution is critical for clinical outcome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To determine the impact of absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) recovery on clinical outcomes, we conducted a retrospective study of 1109 adult patients who underwent a first allogeneic HSCT from 2003 through 2009, excluding patients who died or relapsed before day 30. The median age was 51 years (range, 18 to 74) with 52% undergoing reduced-intensity conditioning and 48% undergoing myeloablative conditioning HSCT with T cell–replete peripheral blood stem cells (93.7%) or marrow (6.4%) grafts. The median follow-up time was 6 years. To determine the threshold value of ALC for survival, the entire cohort was randomly split into a training set and a validation set in a 1:1 ratio, and then a restricted cubic spline smoothing method was applied to obtain relative hazard estimates of the relationship between ALC at 1 month and log hazard of progression-free survival (PFS). Based on this approach, ALC was categorized as ≤.2 × 109 cells/L (low) or >.2 × 109 cells/L. For patients with low ALC at 1, 2, or 3 months after HSCT, the overall survival (OS) (P ≤ .0001) and PFS (P ≤ .0002) were significantly lower and nonrelapse mortality (NRM) (P ≤ .002) was significantly higher compared with patients with ALC > .2 × 109 cells/L at each time point. When patients who had low ALC at 1, 2, or 3 months after HSCT were grouped together and compared, their outcomes were inferior to those of patients who had ALC > .2 × 109 cells/L at 1, 2, and 3 months after HSCT: the 5-year OS for patients with low ALC was 28% versus 46% for patients with ALC > .2 × 109 cells/L, P
Numerical Simulation of Titan IVB Transonic Buffet Environment

The Titan IVB launch vehicle has experienced much larger than expected buffeting during transonic flight, according to flight telemetry. Computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD) simulations of the unsteady, full three-dimensional, transonic flow environment were conducted to identify the origin of the large vibration levels. Two simulation results are presented, at Mach 0.8 and 1.1, which identify a new, important fluid dynamic mechanism that produces a relatively strong buffet environment. This mechanism involves large vortex pairs, which are periodically shed along the core body. Comparisons between flight data and CFD simulation results demonstrate adequate emulation of both the frequency and magnitude of the unsteady aerodynamic loads. The vortex-pair shedding frequency is shown to be analogous to von Karman vortex shedding. However, a unique mechanism of instability is proposed. The implications of this work for wind-tunnel testing procedures are also addressed.
Color diffusion: error diffusion for color halftones

Error Diffusion is a high-performance halftoning method in which quantization errors are diffused to 'future' pixels. Originally intended for grayscale images, it is traditionally extended to color images by Error-Diffusing each of the three color planes independently. In this paper we show that augmenting the Error Diffusion paradigm with a simple design rule based on certain characteristics of human color perception, results in a novel color halftoning algorithm named color diffusion. The output of color diffusion is of considerable higher quality compared to separable error diffusion. The algorithm presented requires no additional memory and entails a reasonable increase in run-time.
Test of the 'healthy migrant hypothesis': a longitudinal analysis of health selectivity of internal migration in Indonesia.

Previous studies have shown that immigrants are generally healthier than the native-born populations of receiving societies, a result generally attributed to the positive selection of migrants with respect to health. This hypothesis, however, has not been adequately evaluated due to data limitations. Using high-quality longitudinal data from Indonesia, I explicitly examine the health selectivity hypothesis, also referred to as the healthy migrant hypothesis, with respect to internal migration. Specifically, I study whether pre-migration health status affects the likelihood of migration by comparing those from the sending population who do and do not move. Results show that migrants in Indonesia do tend to be selected with respect to health and that this aspect of selection is robust to household unobserved heterogeneity. However, the strength and direction of the health-migration association vary by different types of migration and distinctive dimensions of health.
Employment and student performance in Principles of Economics

Abstract This paper examines the effect of several variables on student performance in Principles of Economics at the historically black university. The results indicate that the attendance, class size, GPA, number of hours worked per week and SAT scores significantly affect student performance. Especially, the grades of the students who work more than 20 h/week are negatively and significantly affected.
Electrochemical and spectral properties of the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of 5,7,12,14-tetraphenyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraaza[14]annulene

Abstract A detailed electrochemical characterization of the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of the new ligand, 5,7,12,14-tetraphenyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraaza[14]annulene, has been carried out in an effort to more fully understand the mechanism of electropolymerization of the tetramethyl analog of the macrocycle. Evidence has been obtained to support a radical mechanism for the electropolymerization of the nickel(II) complex of 5,7,12,14-tetramethyldibenzo[b,i][1,4,8,11]tetraaza[14]annulene at the surface of an electrode at 0.97 V. The electrochemical properties of this new macrocyclic ligand system were also investigated. Metal complexes of a series of complexes with varying substituents were prepared and characterized. A linear relationship between the Hammett σ constants of the substituents and redox properties of the complexes was obtained. The redox potentials of the metal complexes of this new ligand were compared to those of the tetramethyl analog of the macrocycle. The new ligand system brings about a shift of the redox potentials by at least 0.3 V (in the positive direction). This shift is large in comparison to the shift in redox potential of tetraphenyl versus tetramethyl porphyrins. In order to determine of the nature of the redox shift is purely an inductive effect, the spin Hamiltonian parameters for the Cu(II) complexes of this new system are compared to that of the tetramethyl analog and it was determined that the inductive effect alone of the phenyl rings controls the large change in redox potentials of the ligand and the metal centers. The UV-Vis spectra of the copper(II) and the nickel(II) complexes, along with the free ligand, are also presented.