cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis with excision and low-dose radiation

Abstract Two cases of posttraumatic radioulnar synostosis treated with excision and low-dose radiation are presented. Routine postoperative hand therapy was employed. Nearly full range of motion was restored in both cases. No wound healing problems were encountered. We suggest that lowdose radiation may be a useful method of prophylaxis against recurrence after excision of radioulnar synostosis.
Irritable bowel syndrome patients' perspectives on their relationships with healthcare providers.

Abstract Objective. The objective of this qualitative study was to examine patients' perspectives on their relationships with healthcare providers (HCPs) as communicated in their expressive writings about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods. As part of a large national online study, IBS patients were asked to: (a) write expressively about their IBS illness experience for 30 min/day for four consecutive days and (b) answer the question, “What is the most important thing your HCP can do to maximize his/her relationship with you?” A key word search was used to identify comments that mentioned the words “doctor,” “doc,” “physician,” “MD,” “gastroenterologist,” “nurse,” “nurse practitioner,” or “physician assistant” in the 228 expressive writings completed by the first 57 participants (four writings for each subject). Analyses of the comments about the patient–HCP relationship and responses to the above question were performed by the authors who identified themes and their frequencies over several sessions...
A Filtration-Based Assay to Quantitate Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Binding

Abstract Filtration-based binding assays have numerous advantages over centrifugation-based assays, yet they have not been established for many protein ligands due to the high nonspecific binding of the protein to the membrane filter. This paper describes a vacuum filtration method that permits quantitative evaluation of [ 125 I]GM-CSF binding to its receptor on intact cells. The method includes the use of glass fiber filters presoaked in a solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone and Tween 20 to greatly reduce nonspecific binding of the protein ligand. The ratio of specific:nonspecific binding observed with this filtration assay was comparable to values reported for centrifugation assays. [ 125 I]GM-CSF binding to HL-60 cells was shown to be time-dependent, saturable, and specific. The estimated K d (70 pM) and B max (160 r/cell) were similar 60 values reported using centrifugation assays. This filtration method is much less labor-intensive, has greater sample throughput, and allows for a more rapid determination of GM-CSF binding compared to the centrifugation-based assay. Although developed to quantitate the binding of GM-CSF to its receptor on intact cells, this assay is also applicable to other cytokines and can be used with both intact cells and isolated plasma membrane preparations.
Out of synch: Clock mutation causes obesity in mice

The Clock gene encodes an essential component of the "master clock" driving circadian rhythm in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). New evidence that Clock mutant mice are hyperphagic and obese suggests a previously unrecognized link between molecular controls of circadian rhythm and energy homeostasis.
In-flight evaluation of a fiber optic helmet-mounted display

The National Research Council of Canada (NRC), in conjunction with the Canadian Department of National Defence (DND), is investigating the use of helmet-mounted displays (HMD) to improve pilot situational awareness in all-weather search and rescue helicopter operations. The National Research Council has installed a visually coupled HMD system in the NRC Bell 205 Airborne Simulator. Equipped with a full authority fly-by-wire control system, the Bell 205 has variable stability characteristics, which makes the airborne simulator the ideal platform for the integrated flight testing of HMDs in a simulated operational environment. This paper presents preliminary results from flight test of the NRC HMD. These results are in the form of numerical head tracker data, and subjective handling qualities ratings. Flight test results showed that the HMD degraded handling qualities due to reduced acuity, limited field-of-view, time delays in the sensor platform, and fatigue caused by excessive helmet inertia. Some evidence was found to support the hypothesis of an opto-kinetic cervical reflex whereby a pilot pitches and rolls his head in response to aircraft movements to maintain a level horizon in their field-of- view.
Skin ultrastructural findings in type 2 Gaucher disease: diagnostic implications.

Abstract Background Type 2 Gaucher disease is a rare and progressive subtype of this lysosomal storage disorder, marked by rapid, early-onset neurodegeneration. Distinguishing type 2 from types 1 and 3 Gaucher disease has remained challenging, due to the lack of a clear correlation between phenotype and enzymatic activity or genotype. β-glucocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in Gaucher disease, also has an essential role in maintaining epidermal permeability function, by regulating the ratio of ceramides to glucosylceramides in the stratum corneum of the skin. Objectives To further assess the diagnostic utility of epidermal evaluations in distinguishing patients with type 2 Gaucher disease in an expanded cohort. Study design Epidermal samples were evaluated from twenty children with type 2, three patients with type 3 Gaucher disease and two adults with type 1 Gaucher disease with different clinical manifestations and genotypes. Electron microscopy on ruthenium tetroxide post-fixed tissue was performed. Results Compared to controls and subjects with type 1 and type 3 Gaucher disease, only patients with type 2 Gaucher disease displayed characteristic electron dense, non-lamellar clefts and immature-lamellar membranes. Conclusion The appearance of characteristic alterations in epidermal ultrastructure provides an early and specific diagnostic tool to help in distinguishing type 2 from the other types of Gaucher disease.
Ivermectin causes Cimex lectularius (bedbug) morbidity and mortality.

Abstract Background Bedbug infestations are increasing across North America and Europe, with more people presenting to Emergency Departments for treatment. Physicians cannot provide substantive treatment for people affected by bedbugs. Study Objective To determine if ivermectin, a relatively inexpensive and safe, long-acting oral anti-parasitic drug is able to cause bedbug morbidity and mortality. Methods We evaluated the effects of ivermectin on bedbugs using an artificial feeding membrane and mice and humans. Bedbug morbidity, mortality, and nymph molting was recorded. Results Using an artificial feeding membrane, bedbug mortality was 98% (n = 81) for 260 ng/mL ivermectin and 0% for 0 ng/mL ivermectin (control; n = 90) after 13 days. Mortality for bedbugs fed on mice injected with the human equivalent of 200 μg/kg ivermectin was 86% (n = 22), vs. 0% in the 0 μg/kg ivermectin (control; n = 21). Of the surviving nymphs, 0% exposed to ivermectin molted by day 75, vs. 80% in the control group by day 8. Bedbugs that fed once on human study subjects 3 h after consuming 200 μg/kg of oral ivermectin had a 63% (n = 24) 20-day mortality rate, vs. 8% (n = 24) in the control group. Of the surviving nymphs, 0% (n = 5) in the 3-h ivermectin group molted, vs. 80% (n = 10) of the control group. Conclusions It may be possible that ivermectin could help eradicate, suppress, or prevent a bedbug infestation.
Elimination of the interstitial cells in the planula larva of the marine hydrozoan Pennaria tiarella

Treatment of 8-hour embryos of the marine hydrozoan Pennaria tiarella with colchicine results in the complete elimination of interstitial cells, nematoblasts, and sensory-motor-interneurons. Depletion of these cells is mediated through the action of acid phosphatase-positive autophagic vacuoles. Larvae depleted of interstitial cells acquire normal polarity although body form is somewhat modified. This modification appears to be due to a loss in cell volume normally provided by the interstitial cells. These larvae remain without interstitial cells throughout larval life. This finding demonstrates that the remaining larval epithelial cells are not totipotent and therefore lack the plasticity to redifferentiate into interstitial cells. The fact that epitheliomuscle cells, mucous cells, neurosensory cells, and gastrodermal cells all differentiate normally after elimination of the interstitial cells suggests that the interstitial cells are not involved in induction of the epithelial cell types. Furthermore, the histological organization of the presumptive epithelial cells appears in no way to be affected by the interstitial cells. In the absence of these cells the remaining cells of the embryo become organized into a distinct epidermis and gastrodermis separated by a mesoglea. Larvae devoid of interstitial cells and their derivatives fail to metamorphose. The specific mechanism by which colchicine eliminates the interstitial cells is investigated. Embryos treated with vinblastine sulfate and podophyllotoxin, both known microtubule inhibitors, exhibit the same autophagic elimination of the interstitial cells, the nematoblasts, and the sensory-motor-interneurons as that seen in embryos treated with colchicine. Embryos treated with lumicolchicine are identical morphologically to control planulae of comparable age and contain interstitial cells, nematoblasts, and sensory-motor-interneurons. These results demonstrate that the principle action of colchicine in Pennaria is microtubule related.
Unintended consequences of the push for accountability: the case of national child welfare performance standards

Abstract The ongoing push at the federal level to monitor performance of social programs calls for continuing attention to the lessons that can be learned from the implementation of the resulting monitoring efforts. In this paper, we critique the national standards used in the relatively new Child and Family Service Reviews being conducted by the federal government to assess state child welfare programs. We provide a historical perspective on current federal policy and a description of the new performance measurement system. We then point out the conceptual limitations of the current national standards and use empirical evidence to illustrate some of these limitations. We conclude with recommendations for new standards and additional efforts that will be necessary to ensure that state performance can improve.
Nonlinear transverse magnetic moment in anisotropic superconductors

We consider the nonlinear transverse magnetic moment that arises in the Meissner state of superconductors with a strongly anisotropic order parameter. We compute this magnetic moment as a function of applied field and geometry, assuming $d$-wave pairing, for realistic samples, finite in all three dimensions, of high-temperature superconducting materials. Return currents, shape effects, and the anisotropy of the penetration depth tensor are all included. We numerically solve the nonlinear Maxwell-London equations for a finite system. Results are discussed in terms of the relevant parameters. The effect, which is a probe of the order parameter symmetry in the bulk, not just the surface, of the sample should be readily measurable if pairing is in a $d$-wave state. Failure to observe it would set a lower bound to the $s$-wave component.
The benzodiazepine inverse agonist RO19-4603 exerts prolonged and selective suppression of ethanol intake in alcohol-preferring (P) rats.

The time course of the benzodiazepine (BDZ) inverse agonist RO19-4603 in antagonizing ethanol (EtOH) intake was investigated in alcohol-preferring (P) rats (n=7) maintained on 24-h continuous free-choice access to EtOH (10% v/v), water, and food. After fluid intakes had stabilized over several weeks, animals were injected with Tween-80 vehicle solution or RO19-4603 (0.075, 0.150, and 0.30 mg/kg). EtOH and water intakes were determined at 8- and 24-h intervals. RO19-4603 caused a marked attenuation of EtOH drinking with each of the doses tested. EtOH intake during the 8-h following 0.075, 0.150, and 0.30 mg/kg RO19-4603 was decreased by approximately 36, 74, and 57%, respectively. Intakes during the 24-h interval were similar to the vehicle control condition. However, 32 h post-drug administration, EtOH intakes were reduced to approximately 27, 31, and 29% following the 0.075, 0.150 and 0.30 mg/kg doses, respectively. To further confirm the reliability of the RO19-4603 dose-response effect, and its selectivity for EtOH, the highest dose condition (0.30 mg/kg) was tested twice. The second 0.30 mg/kg dose condition exerted a profile of effects similar to the initial treatment; 8 h following administration, intake was decreased to 60% of the control level, and 32 h post-drug administration intake was decreased to approximately 46% of the controls. These decreases were evidently selective in comparison with water, since water drinking showed compensatory increases which paralleled the decreased EtOH consumption. Dose-response comparisons indicated that 0.150 mg/kg approaches the maximum effective dose, since the 0.30 mg/kg dose of RO19-4603 did not produce an additional decrease in EtOH intake. Furthermore, unlike the lower doses, the 0.30 mg/kg dose failed to yield reliable compensatory increases in water drinking. The results demonstrated that a single acute administration of RO19-4603 produces prolonged and selective suppression of EtOH intake in P rats maintained on 24-h continuous free access to EtOH. While it is not clear at present what properties of the ligand might explain the observed effects on EtOH intake, these findings along with our previous work, clearly suggest that RO19-4603 may modify neuronal processes that promote EtOH self-administration. Neural transmission at the GABAA-BDZ receptor complex may play an important role in mediating EtOH reinforcement.
Antitumor agents—CLXXIII. Synthesis and evaluation of camptothecin-4β-amino-4′-O-demethyl epipodophyllotoxin conjugates as inhibitors of mammalian DNA topoisomerases and as cytotoxic agents☆

Abstract Two conjugates composed of a camptothecin and a 4′-O-demethyl epipodophyllotoxin derivative joined by an imine linkage were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of mammalian DNA topoisomerases I and II. Target compounds stimulated cleavable complex formation with both types of enzyme in vitro although activities were reduced at least twofold relative to the activity of unconjugated constituents. The behavior of the most active conjugate as an inhibitor of cell growth closely resembled both topoisomerase I- and II- inhibitory components in that the compound displayed a combined spectrum of activity against various drug-resistant KB sublines. Cytotoxic activity and selectivity were largely retained through conjugation, the exception being a lower than expected activity against a pleiotrophic multidrug-resistant subline. The induced levels and the properties of cellular protein-associated DNA complexes were consistent with topoisomerase involvement and with the in vitro cleavage assay results. Based on the present findings, conjugation afforded cleavable complex-forming topoisomerase inhibitors which display dual target specificity and a broad spectrum of cytotoxic activity against drug-resistant cells.
Petrographic, geochemical, and mycological aspects of Miocene coals from the Nováky and Handlová mining districts, Slovakia

Abstract Fungi have once again become a topic of interest to coal scientists in their roles as agents of maceral formation. Recent works have demonstrated that fungi occur in association with woody remains, resins, and cuticles in coalified materials of a variety of ages, in addition to coal-balls and compression–impression fossils, where they are already well known. These forms, however, have only been viewed as cross-sections along a polished plane. Assigning the fungi to family, much less determining which fungi they represent is very difficult in this orientation. Fungal identifications are necessary to the continuance of this research into the origin of coal macerals because of the need to know if macrinite begins to form prior to incorporation into the peat, which could be demonstrated by its association with symbiotic and parasitic, rather than saprophytic fungi. This study examines the fungal remains recovered from eight coal samples from Miocene-age coals in the Novaky and Handlova mining districts of Slovakia with the aim of making this distinction. These samples were collected in Slovakia as part of the US Geological Survey's World Coal Quality Inventory program and provided to the authors. The samples were processed using the O'Keefe technique for subbituminous coals and mounted for observation in transmitted light. Forms were identified using published works and consultation with a modern mycologist. Forms recovered through palynologic processing were compared to and correlated with forms seen in cross-section under reflected light.
Interferometric capability for the Magellan Project

The Magellan Project is building two 6.5-m telescopes, 60 m apart, at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile. There are on-going plans to combine the beams of the two main telescopes, and of smaller auxiliary telescopes, for interferometric measurements. In this paper we consider the array of auxiliary telescopes as a stand-alone instrument, recognizing that it will operate as such for some large fraction of the time. Our interest is sharpened by the availability of six 1.8-m optical systems, retired from the Smithsonian-Arizona Multiple-Mirror Telescope in preparation for the installation of a single-mirror 6.5-m system. We have completed a design for a 1.8-m telescope, in which the MMT components are supported on a proven tripod mount. The optics-support uses steel for stiffness, and low-thermal- expansion rods for passive stability. This array will be a powerful tool for the investigation of stellar limb darkening, surface features, and changes of diameter in pulsations, as well as dust disks, shells, and binary companions. The 1.8-m telescopes on good sites such as Magellan's should be able to operate at full aperture for interferometry at 2.2 micrometers . They should therefore be able to reach to magnitude K equals 10 or so, and thus to cover substantial samples of both main-sequence and pre-main- sequence stars, and of fully evolved stars as well.
Does a 3-sip test detect dysphagia in acute stroke rehabilitation patients?

Objectives (1) Evaluate sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of a 3-sip test within 24 hours of acute stroke as a screening for clinically relevant dysphagia during acute rehabilitation. (2) For those patients who pass the 3-sip test, identify factors predictive of later detection of clinically relevant dysphagia. Design A retrospective review. Setting Acute stroke rehabilitation unit of a tertiary academic medical center. Patients 223 patients undergoing dysphagia screening after stroke. Main Outcome Measure Development of clinically relevant dysphagia. Results Seventeen of 223 patients (7.6%) failed the 3-sip test. Of the 206 patients who passed the 3-sip test, 57 (27.7%) manifested clinically relevant dysphagia. Sensitivity and specificity of the 3-sip test were 20.8% and 98.7%, respectively. PPV and NPV were 88.2% and 72.3%, respectively. Among those who passed the 3-sip test, logistic regression identified the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) total score as the only independent predictor (B = −0.066, P 60. Conclusions The sensitivity of the 3-sip test was poor for stroke rehabilitation patients. For those who passed the 3-sip test, a low FIM total score was predictive of development of clinically relevant dysphagia. A high degree of clinical suspicion for dysphagia should remain after passing a 3-sip screening test, especially for those with FIM total score
TQM implementation in hospitals

Abstract This paper discusses the essential elements for successful Total Quality Management (TQM) implementation in hospital, and the challenges that occur with such implementation. Guidelines for this implementation are provided to show how TQM tools can be used effectively in hospitals.
THE DROSOPHILA SINE OCULIS LOCUS ENCODES A HOMEODOMAIN-CONTAINING PROTEIN REQUIRED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENTIRE VISUAL SYSTEM

The transformation of an unpatterned epithelium into a patterned one is a fundamental issue in morphogenesis. This transformation occurs in a dramatic fashion in the developing eye imaginal disc, the primordium of the Drosophila compound eye. Molecular and developmental analyses reveals that the sine oculis (so) locus encodes a homeodomain-containing protein that is expressed and required in the unpatterned epithelium prior to morphogenesis. In mutants, cells undergo apoptosis. These findings argue that so plays an essential role in controlling the initial events of pattern formation in the eye disc. So is also expressed and required for the development of the rest of the fly visual system, including the optic lobes (i.e., those regions of the brain that process visual information). So is expressed in the optic lobe primordium prior to its invagination from the embryonic ectoderm; in so mutants, the optic lobe primordium fails to invaginate.
Assembly and Characterization of a Prototype Laser-Optical Firing System

The design, assembly and characterization of the latest generation of a small, ruggedized laser-optical firing system will be discussed. This work builds upon earlier results in an effort to continue the development of robust fiber-coupled laseroptical firing systems.[1][2] This newest prototype strives to improve on earlier designs, while continuing to utilize many of the environmentally proven opto-mechanical sub-assemblies.[2][3] One area of improvement involves the implementation of a second optical safing and arming component. Several additional design improvements were also incorporated to address shortcomings uncovered during environmental testing.[4][5] These tests and the subsequent failure analysis were performed at the laser sub-system level. Four identical prototypes were assembled and characterized. The performance of the units were evaluated by comparing a number of parameters including laser output energy, slope efficiency, beam divergence, spatial intensity profile, fiber injection and splitter-coupler transmission efficiency. Other factors evaluated were the ease of alignment, repeatability of the alignment process and the fabrication of the fiberoptical cables. The experimentally obtained results will be compared and contrasted to the performance of earlier prototypes.
Electronic books and the humanities: a survey at the University of Denver

Purpose – To identify levels of awareness and patterns of usage of electronic books by scholars in the humanities.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of the University of Denver community assessed knowledge about and usage of electronic books. The results for humanists are presented here.Findings – Scholars in the humanities have a higher level of awareness of e‐books than their colleagues across campus but use e‐books at the same rate. Their patterns of use are different, with humanists using less of the e‐book than do other groups. Humanists still prefer printed books to electronic texts at a higher rate than do other groups and care less about added features, such as searchability, than they do about content.Originality/value – Humanists conduct research differently than do most other scholars, using the library catalog and browsing as primary means of finding information, and valuing the book more than other resources. No previous research has assessed whether humanists have similarly unique patter...
Developing School Health Services In Massachusetts: A Public Health Model:

In 1993 the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) began defining essential components of school health service programs, consistent with the public health model. The MDPH designed and fu...
Production of L-Lysine by Alanine Auxotrophs Derived from AEC Resistant Mutant of Brevibacterium lactofermentum

The effect of amino acids was examined on the production of l-lysine by AEC resistant mutant of B. lactofermentum. Among amino acids tested, only leucine showed strong specific inhibition. In order to release the production of l-lysine from this negative effect of leucine, leucine auxotrophs were derived from AEC resistant strain of B. lactofermentum. Most of these leucine auxotrophs produced larger amount of l-lysine (maximally 41 mg/ml) than the parental strain which produced about 18 mg/ml of l-lysine. It was confirmed that leucine auxotrophs derived from AEC resistant mutant of other glutamate producing bacteria, B. saccharolyticum and Corynebacterium glutamicum. These results suggested that leucine might directly or indirectly affect the biosynthesis of lysine.However, this increase in lysine productivity of leucine auxotrophs could not be explained by the alteration of aspartokinase (EC 2.7.2.4) and homoserine dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.3). These enzymes are key enzymes in lysine and threonine biosynth...
Biochemical changes in the musculus complexus of the chick (Gallus domesticus).

Abstract 1. 1. Daily assays during pipping and hatching stages of the chick egg for Musculus complexus and gastrocnemius muscle show similar changes for protein, lipid and nucleic acid content. 2. 2. Unique to M. complexus is the water inhibition (∼ 90 per cent wet wt.) and early decrease in glycogen content from 5 to 1 per cent. 3. 3. Increased enzyme activity observed for ATPase and acid phosphatase at hatching may precede M. complexus tissue breakdown. 4. 4. No unique changes were observed for a number of other enzyme activities.
Assessing phosphorus bioavailability in agricultural soils and runoff

Bioavailable phosphorus (BAP) transported in agricultural runoff can accelerate surface water eutrophication. Although several algal assays and chemical extractions have been proposed to estimate BAP, procedural and theoretical limitations have restricted widespread BAP measurement. Thus, a routine method was developed to estimate BAP, which uses iron oxide-impregnated paper strips (Fe-oxide strips) as a P-sink for BAP in runoff. In the proposed method BAP is determined by shaking 50 mL of unfiltered runoff with one Fe-oxide strip for 16 h. Phosphorus is removed from the strip by 0.1M H2SO4 and measured. The BAP content of runoff from 20 agricultural watersheds in the Southern Plains was related to the growth of P-starved algae incubated for 29 d with runoff as the sole source of P. Acting as a P sink, Fe-oxide strips may have a stronger theoretical basis than chemical extraction in estimating BAP. The method may also have potential use as an environmental soil P test to indicate soils liable to enrich runoff with sufficient P to accelerate eutrophication. Bioavailable P loss in runoff was lower from no till (438 g ha−1 yr−1) than from conventional till (1288 g ha−1 yr−1). Kinetic and enrichment ratio approaches accurately predicted (r2 of 0.93) BAP transport in runoff during 1988 to 1990. Use of the Fe-oxide strip method will facilitate estimation of BAP transport in runoff and thereby, improve assessment of the resultant impact on the biological productivity of receiving surface waters.
Immunoenhancing activity of NPT 15392: A potential immune response modifier☆

NPT 15392, a new immunomodulating compound related to inosine in structure and isoprinosine in action, enhances T-cell dependent immune responses. Antibody responses to sheep red blood cells are augmented two to threefold in mice receiving NPT 15392 while T-cell independent antibody responses to TNP-LPS are unaffected. NPT 15392 does not enhance or alter the number of clonable B cells. This drug also increases cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to allogeneic tumor cells but does not alter the number of cytotoxic precursor cells. Immature hematopoietic cell classes (clonable progenitor cells) were also monitored and found not to be influenced by NPT 15392.
Inactivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sulfate Transporter Sul2p: Use It and Lose It

Saccharomyces cerevisiae SO(4)(=) transport is regulated over a wide dynamic range. Sulfur starvation causes ∼10,000-fold increase in the (35)SO(4)(=) influx mediated by transporters Sul1p and Sul2p; >80% of the influx is via Sul2p. Adding methionine to S-starved cells causes a 50-fold decline (t(1/2) ∼5 min) in SUL1 and SUL2 mRNA but a slower decline (t(1/2) ∼1 h) in transport. In contrast, SO(4)(=) addition does not affect mRNA but causes a rapid (t(1/2) = 2-4 min) decrease in transport. In met3Δ cells (unable to metabolize SO(4)(=)), addition of SO(4)(=) to S-starved cells causes inactivation of (35)SO(4)(=) influx over times in which cellular SO(4)(=) contents are nearly constant. The relationship between cellular SO(4)(=) and transport inactivation shows that cellular SO(4)(=) is not the signal for Sul2p inactivation. Instead, the transport inactivation rate has the same dependence on extracellular SO(4)(=) as (35)SO(4)(=) influx, indicating that Sul2p exhibits use-dependent inactivation; the transport process itself increases the probability of Sul2p inactivation and degradation. In addition, there is a transient efflux of SO(4)(=) shortly after adding >0.02 mM SO(4)(=) to S-starved met3Δ cells. This transient efflux provides further protection against excessive SO(4)(=) influx and may represent an alternate transport mode of Sul2p.
The Children’s Crusade: Creating the Student Voting Bloc Through McCarthy’s 1968 Campaign

The paper seeks to document the role of student campaigners in Eugene McCarthy's 1968 presidential campaign through the use of newspaper coverage and memoirs. In so doing it seeks to develop a moment in which the student voting bloc became a powerful force in American politics.
Lymphatic Vessels of the Human Dental Pulp

Noncarious teeth obtained from individuals 15 to 50 years of age were used to study the lymphatic drainage of the human pulp. Thick sections (50 to 150 microns) were stained with iron hematoxylin for the demonstration of lymph and blood vessels. Lymph capillaries originated as blind sacs in the odontoblastic layer and in the pulp proper near the pulpo-odontoblastic border. They drained into small thin-walled collecting vessels that were irregular in shape and showed great variability in their drainage patterns. Communications between these vessels were very common. The larger conducting lymphatic vessels accompanied the blood vessels and nerves in their course through the pulp. They could be identified by their thin walls and small size. The large caliber lymphatic vessels contained valves, a structure not present in the veins of the same size. The conducting lymphatic vessels passed through the roots as individual units without draining into a large single vessel. The lymphatic vessels of the human pulp must be considered as a pathway for the removal of excessive tissue fluid in normal and diseased pulps.
The Planning, Execution, and Evaluation of Acid Treatments in Sandstone Formations

Pretreatment analysis, job planning, and well preparation lead to acidizing success in sandstones with permeabilities greater than 50 md. Formation mineral analysis improves success in sandstones with lower permeabilities. Injection pressure responses to acid injection provide data for onsite decisions. Some formations respond well to HF acids and others can be damaged by the application of either HF acid or HCl acid. This work discusses the reasons for this with recommendations on which wells are potential HF acid successes and which wells should be stimulated in another way. 41 references.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SHIP INTERNAL WAVES: THE SUPERSONIC CASE

Internal waves produced by a ship travelling faster than the fastest internal waves (supersonic case) were investigated experimentally in a laboratory in a wide tank using averaging conductivity wave gauges developed for the investigation. The wave gauge is similar to the conductivity probe but has space averaging electrodes. An array of seven such gauges were used in a wave tank with dimensions 12' Length, 8' Width, 2' Depth. The water in the tank was stratified with salt to obtain desired density distributions. A spheroid, split vertically was towed against and along a sidewall to simulate a moving ship. Simultaneous wave profiles at various distances normal to the track of the ship were obtained for different Froude numbers and density distributions. The internal wave field is also plotted against the distance from the ship, and a limited comparison with theory is made. The experimental method developed for this study is sensitive, simple and reliable. It may serve to obtain a data base for ship-generated internal waves under a variety of conditions.
Ligamentous Hyperlaxity and Dorsal Wrist Ganglions

Purpose To determine whether symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglions are associated with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity. Methods Ninety-six patients (61 females) presenting to hand surgeons for a symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglions were prospectively enrolled in this case-control investigation. Beighton scores were calculated to quantify generalized ligamentous laxity in each patient, and a scaphoid shift test (scapholunate capsuloligamentous laxity evaluation) was performed. A positive scaphoid shift test was defined by both pain and a palpable clunk. Ninety-six individuals without ganglions were then enrolled to form an age and sex frequency-matched control cohort. The control group was similarly assessed for Beighton score and scaphoid shift test. Binary logistical regression was performed to assess the association of ganglions with generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity (Beighton score ≥ 4) while accounting for effects of age and sex. Results Patients with symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglions demonstrated significantly increased rates of generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity. Among those with ganglions, 27 of 96 (28%) patients exhibited generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity, compared with 12 of the 96 (13%) age- and sex-matched individuals in the control group. Patients with symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglions were also significantly more likely to demonstrate localized scapholunate hyperlaxity with a positive scaphoid shift test (25% positive scaphoid shift test with ganglions vs 1% in controls). In logistical modeling, patients with dorsal wrist ganglions had 2.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3–6.2) times greater odds of generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity compared with patients without a dorsal wrist ganglion after accounting for patient age and sex. Conclusions Symptomatic dorsal wrist ganglions were associated with both generalized ligamentous hyperlaxity and a positive scaphoid shift test. Although an association between wrist ganglions and ligamentous hyperlaxity does not prove causation, the possibility of the same underlying pathological entity causing both can be envisioned (ie, abnormal formation or organization of dense regular connective tissue). Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic III.
SPITZER bandmerge GUI

A graphical user interface (GUI) for bandmerging is presented. The purpose of the Bandmerge GUI is to provide an integrated graphical user interface for running the bandmerge module and its support modules to provide astronomers with an interactive tool for bandmerging. The bandmerge module identifies multi-band detections of an individual point source and merges the information in the different bands into a single record of the source. The developed Java Application provides an interface to downlink software, which is normally invoked on the command line. With the Bandmerge GUI, a SPITZER general user can select the data to be processed, specify processing parameters, and invoke the Bandmerge pipelines.
Rhythmic organization of heart rate in breast‐fed and bottle‐fed newborn infants

Heart rates and behavioural states of 14 breast-fed and 14 bottlefed newborn infants were assessed every 30 seconds for 2 continuous hours. The 240 observations of heart rate were treated as time-series data and spectrum-analysed for behavioural rhythmicities. Of the 28 infants, 25 showed reliable cycles in heart rate; 22 of the 25 infants showed a dominant frequency with a 30–60 min periodicity, one that approximates the basic-rest activity cycle (BRAC). In addition to this basic cycle, additional higher frequency cycles in long-term heart rate variability were evident in the spectra of many infants. Breast-fed newborns had greater numbers of reliable cycles in heart rate than bottle-fed newborns. Further, breast-fed newborns had lower overall mean heart rates and lower mean heart rates in Quiet and Active Sleep states than bottle-fed newborns. Bottle-fed newborns were observed more often in Quiet Sleep than breast-fed newborns. Without knowledge of the specific mechanisms causing these behavioural differences, the results of this study suggest that the context in which breast-feeding occurs results in a more complex and energy-efficient pattern of behavioural organization than the context of bottle-feeding.
Reframing: A therapeutic technique in group counseling

Abstract Reframing is a therapeutic technique that assists individuals in broadening restricted perspectives. As a semantic aspect of interpretation, reframing provides alternative meaning to group member experiences and problems, which enhances the potential for constructive behavior change. Systemic and solution-focused conceptualizations are pertinent to the interpersonal context of counseling groups. Reframing may affect group dynamics at the systems levels of individual members, subgroups of participants, and the group as a whole. Guidelines for the use of reframing in group counseling include how to strategically formulate and process the technique. Each group member is a potential provider of new and different meanings, and various examples from diverse counseling groups demonstrate the range of applications of reframing. SUMMARY Reframing as a counseling technique provides an alternative perspective relating to the perceptions of individuals in group counseling. If a constructive reframe is assimi...
The holomorphic automorphism group of the complex disk

The group of all holomorphic automorphisms of the complex unit disk consists of Mobius transformations involving translation-like holomorphic automorphisms and rotations. The former are calledgyrotranslations. As opposed to translations of the complex Plane, which are associative-commutative operations forming a group, gyrotranslations of the complex unit disk fail to form a group. Rather, left gyrotranslations are gyroassociative-gyrocommutative operations forming agyrogroup.
TOWARDS THE ANALYSIS OF ATTITUDINAL AND BEHAVIORAL RESPONSES TO TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS

This report treats the requirements of planning methods for short-range and low-capital transportation options within the context of two primary objectives. The objectives are (1) the presentation of a fundamental set of behavioral principles which are relevant to the planning process and (2) the discussion of alternative methods for assessing the behavioral consequences of transportation changes. The presentation of fundamental behavioral principles relies substantially on classical behavioral reinforcement theory, but reference is also made to attitude theory, econometrics, marketing, and psychometrics. The discussion of data collection procedures presents information on sample specification, and it illustrates a variety of questionnaire formats for the collection of perceptions and preferences from respondents. Advantages and disadvantages of the formats are mentioned. Based on the discussion of behavioral principles and methods, general guidelines are offered for the modeling and data collection requirements of planning methods for short-range and low-capital transportation options.
Sorting out categories: Incremental learning of category structure

Two experiments examine how inferences might promote unsupervised and incremental category learning. Many categories have members related through overall similarity (e.g., a family resemblance structure) rather than by a defining feature. However, when people are asked to sort category members in a category construction task, they often do so by partitioning on a single feature. Starting from an earlier result showing that pairwise inferences increase family resemblance sorting (Lassaline & Murphy, 1996), we examine how these inferences lead to learning the family resemblance structure. Results show that the category structure is learned incrementally. The pairwise inferences influence participants’ weightings of feature pairs that were specifically asked about, which in turn affects their sorting. The sorting then allows further learning of the categorical structure. Thus, the inferences do not directly lead learners to the family resemblance structure, but they do provide a foundation to build on as the participants make additional judgments.
Hydrogels from polysaccharides. II. Beads with cellulose derivatives

The generation of hydrogels from solutions of cellulose ester derivatives of various types using an atomization device, in which the solution travels through air before phase inversion occurs in a nonsolvent, was unable to produce beads in spherical shape. Instead, irregularly shaped particles were formed. The cellulose derivatives included a series of cellulose esters with a high and low degree of substitution (DS) and with acyl substituents ranging in size from C3 to C12 (laurate). Starch was tested as a noncellulosic polysaccharide, and the list of cellulose derivatives included a fluorine containing ester. The formation of spherical hydrogel beads by this method became possible only when cellulose derivatives or starch were blended in solution with unmodified cellulose. The resulting beads had dynamic flow characteristics, for instance, linear velocity vs. pressure drop relationships, that closely followed the rule of mixing. An exception was cellulose laurate, which retained most of the strength of unblended cellulose even at 60% derivative content. The results suggest (a) that cellulose is needed for the formation of droplets with sufficiently high surface tension capable of withstanding the collision with the nonsolvent surface; (b) that cellulose derivatives require the presence of unmodified cellulose to attain sufficient gel strength; and (c) that waxy ester substituents provide the basis for hydrophobic interactions which contribute to gel strength retention. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Is there a 'consolidation' effect for monocular deprivation?

During a time of high vulnerability early in a kitten's postnatal life, a few days of monocular vision can result in the control of most striate cortical neurones exclusively by the open eye1–5. Although the general consequences of this procedure have been known for some time6, the mechanisms remain unknown. Because they develop rapidly3,4, it has been suggested that the processes involved are similar to those of memory and learning. One aspect of this analogy is that memory is thought to be ‘consolidated’ from a weak to a stable form and that the process can be disrupted by the administration of drugs, electroconvulsive shock or physical trauma7. The connection with plasticity in the visual cortex has been suggested by studies in which kittens were first bilaterally deprived and then briefly exposed either monocularly or binocularly3,4,8. The effects of exposure were reported to be greatest if there was a delay between exposure and Physiological study. Although this has been referred to as a ‘consolidation’ effect3,4,5,8, it was a delay process rather than a process of stabilisation that was investigated. Furthermore, even though the evidence for this effect is not compelling, it has been assumed that the consequences of monocular deprivation in kittens with prior normal rearing also are consolidated, that is, they become accentuated if the unilateral occlusion is followed by a period without vision5. We tested directly the notion that short-term monocular deprivation effects are more extensive if, after unilateral exposure, a period is imposed before Physiological study during which kittens are kept in darkness. We report here that the consolidation idea is not supported by our results. On the contrary, the post-monocular period spent in darkness actually diminished the consequences of the deprivation, allowing some functional recovery of binocular connections.
Fishing for recognition: Understanding the use of NGO guidelines in fishery improvement projects

This study examines the use of non-governmental organization (NGO) guidelines in a fishery improvement project (FIP) in the Gulf of Mexico reef fish fishery. FIPs recently emerged as a way to assist fisheries in reaching environmental sustainability. The Conservation Alliance for Seafood Solutions, a group of NGOs dedicated to seafood sustainability, created a set of guidelines for FIPs. These guidelines outline the process necessary for FIPs to receive market recognition as moving towards sustainability. Interviews with stakeholders and FIP documents were analyzed to understand how these guidelines are utilized in practice and how this helps fisheries progress toward sustainability. The guidelines focus on sustainability as defined by the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification standard, though certification is not required. Though informants were interested in market benefits, none currently desired MSC certification. Informants were partially motivated by the potential to increase their power in the fishery management process. These motivations, in combination with a clear process to identify, address, and monitor improvement needs, aid progress toward sustainability. In addition, insufficient stakeholder identification and interaction has failed to ease tension among FIP stakeholders with a history of conflict over the fishery’s management. However, this does not seem to hinder progress. Lastly, though many FIPs are led by NGOs, NGO participation is not required by the guidelines. Key informants identified NGO participation as helpful for providing knowledge, connecting them to other organizations, monitoring progress, and adding legitimacy to their work. Based on these results, recommendations for improvement and future research needs are identified.
Charge exchange processes involving iron ions

The experimental and theoretical data which are available for charge exchange processes involving iron ions and neutral H, H2 and He are reviewed and evaluated. A bibliography is given of available data sources, as well as of useful data compilations and review articles. Appropriate scaling laws are presented, and their accuracy estimated for these systems. It is found that, for H and H2 targets, the total charge exchange cross-section data for all Feq+ ions with q ≥ 5 can be represented by a simple analytical formula with an accuracy of 20–25%. A similar formula with an estimated accuracy of 50–80% is given for Feq+ + He charge exchange, based on data for other ionic species, since no iron data are available. The scaling formulae have been further generalized to take into account the dependence of the cross-section on the ionization potential of the neutral target. Electron capture into specific quantum states of the ion is also discussed.