cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Environmental Temperature on Erythrocyte Numbers and Size

Abstract IT IS recognized that environmental conditions influence many physiological factors. The effects of ambient temperature on thyroid activity and the response of the adrenal cortex to cold stress are typical examples. Recent studies indicate that a low environmental temperature may reduce FSH levels in maturing fowl (Subbas and Huston, 1969). Relatively few studies have been made concerning the effects of environmental temperature on the hematopoietic system of birds. Olson (1937) reported a differentiation between the erythrocyte number in the summer and winter, it being increased in the latter. Winter (1935) found that during cold weather the hemoglobin content of the blood of hens increased significantly. Huston (1960, 1965) and also Washburn and Huston (1968) found that the packed erythrocyte volume of birds in a controlled temperature environment was increased in the colder temperature. It has not been established if the effect of temperature on packed erythrocyte volume and hemoglobin content…
Analysis of papillomavirus consensus L1 gene in a closed colony of baboons (Papio anubis).

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze cervical specimens and semen from a closed colony of baboons for the presence of the papillomavirus consensus L1 gene. Study Design: Cervical swabs were collected from lightly anesthetized female baboons. Semen was collected from a male baboon by standard electroejaculation techniques. Deoxyribonucleic acid was extracted from the cells by two different methods and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction targeting the L1 consensus gene common for >25 genital papillomaviruses. Results: Analyses of the polymerase chain reaction–amplified products did not reveal bands for the papillomavirus in either the cervical specimens or the semen. Conclusions: The hypothesis of a linkage between primates with papillomavirus as a common factor is not supported by the results of this study. This information is also important in assisting clinicians in setting up specific pathogen-free colonies of baboons. (Am J Obstet Gynecol 2000;182:1016-7.)
Two distinct pathways in the down-regulation of type-1 angiotensin II receptor gene in rat glomerular mesangial cells

Summary The mRNA level of the type-1 angiotensin II receptor (AT 1 ) was down-regulated by angiotensin II in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells. The effect was maximum with 1 μM AII at 6 h, sensitive to cycloheximide, and specific to AT 1 since this phenomenon was blocked by DuP753, an AT 1 antagonist, but not by type-2 antagonist PD123319. Dibutyryl cAMP, forskolin, and cholera toxin also caused AT 1 down-regulation. These effects were not altered by either the protein kinase A inhibitor H-8 or cycloheximide. Calcium ionophore A23187, pertussis toxin, protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine, or prolonged incubation with phorbol ester were without effect. These results suggest that there are at least two pathways to down-regulate AT 1 mRNA; one way is an angiotensin II-induced, protein kinase C-independent, and cycloheximide-sensitive pathway and the other is an angiotensin II-independent, cAMP-induced, and cycloheximide-insensitive pathway.
Spatial and temporal patterns of transneuronal labeling in CNS neurons after injection of pseudorabies virus into the sciatic nerve of adult rats.

The distribution of labeled neurons in the brain and spinal cord was studied after injecting the Bartha strain of pseudorabies virus (PRV) into the sciatic nerve to provide a baseline for studying neural circuitry after spinal cord injury (SCI) and regeneration. Following a single injection of viral particles into the left sciatic nerve, PRV labeling was found in the spinal cord at 2 days post-injection (p.i.). Increasing complexity in viral labeling from the spinal cord to supraspinal regions became apparent with increasing survival time. In brain regions, several neuronal groups that regulate sympathetic outflow, such as the rostroventrolateral medulla, the lateral paragigantocellular nuclei, and the A5 cells, were densely labeled. However, relatively sparse labeling was noticed in the lateral vestibular nuclei, the red nucleus and the motor cortex whose spinal projections regulate somatic motor function, although those areas were abundantly labeled with Fast blue (FB) in a double-labeling experiment in which FB was co-injected into the lumbar cord. The pattern of viral labeling became more complex beyond 5 days p.i. when increased numbers of cell groups were labeled with PRV but not FB. In addition, some infected neurons started to lyse, as evidenced by a decrease in viral labeling at 7 days p.i. Thus, the 5th day post-viral injection would appear to be an appropriate survival time to obtain maximal labeling with acceptable specificity. We suggest that transneuronal labeling using PRV should be appropriate for studying multi-neural circuitry after SCI and regeneration.
An Integrated Customer-Focused Approach for Quality and Reliability

Quality and reliability for a product or process is defined and evaluated by the customer. Reliability is a time oriented quality characteristic. Time is a compound noise factor, and a reliable product/process must be robust against time. Similarly, a system has several quality characteristics which create impacts on customer satisfaction. This paper develops an integration of several quality and reliability methodologies such as robust design, quality engineering, quality function deployment (QFD), reliability engineering, and strategies for system integration. The objective is to develop a customer-focused approach for quality and reliability.
Enhanced Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT-E) for Eating Disorders: Case Study of a Client With Anorexia Nervosa:

This case study involved the treatment of a young adult female, referred to as “Marie,” who presented for treatment seeking help with her eating disorder. Marie evinced symptoms of dietary restrict...
Prohormone Convertase 1 Is Necessary for the Formation of Cholecystokinin 8 in Rin5F and STC-1 Cells

Several immortalized cell lines serve as models for procholecystokinin (pro-CCK) processing. Rin5F cells, derived from a rat insulinoma, and STC-1 cells, derived from a murine intestinal tumor, process pro-CCK mainly to amidated CCK 8. Both also make significant quantities of amidated CCK 22, a slightly larger form found in the gut. Many modifications are necessary during pro-CCK processing including cleavages performed by endoproteases, the identities of which are unknown. A candidate endoprotease is prohormone convertase 1 (PC1) also known as PC3, a Ca2+-dependent serine endoprotease of the subtilisin family. Constitutive expression of antisense PC1 message in stably transfected Rin5F cells resulted in a significant reduction of the cellular content of CCK 8 as measured by radioimmunoassay. Several affected cell lines displayed about 80% reduction in CCK content in early passages after transfection. Expression of antisense PC1 message in these cell lines resulted in a selective depletion of CCK 8 and a comparative sparing of CCK 22. The induction of antisense PC1 message within a single subclone of Rin5F cells using the Lac Switch system also resulted in a significant inhibition of CCK content. Expression of antisense PC1 message in a stably transfected STC-1 cell line also resulted in a decrease in CCK content and in PC1 protein expression, and the specific depletion of CCK 8 with comparative sparing of CCK 22. These observations support the hypothesis that PC1 is necessary for pro-CCK processing in Rin5F and STC-1 cells and suggests a role for PC1 endoprotease in the biosynthesis of CCK 8 in vivo
Spatial variation in basic chemistry of streams draining a volcanic landscape on Costa Rica's Caribbean slope *

Spatial variability in selected chemical, physical and biological parameters was examined in waters draining relatively pristine tropical forests spanning elevations from 35 to 2600 meters above sea level in a volcanic landscape on Costa Rica's Caribbean slope. Waters were sampled within three different vegetative life zones and two transition zones. Water temperatures ranged from 24–25 °C in streams draining lower elevations (35–250 m) in tropical wet forest, to 10 °C in a crater lake at 2600 m in montane forest. Ambient phosphorus levels (60–300 µg SRP L−1; 66–405 µg TP L−1) were high at sites within six pristine drainages at elevations between 35–350 m, while other undisturbed streams within and above this range in elevation were low (typically <30.0 µg SRP L−1). High ambient phosphorus levels within a given stream were not diagnostic of riparian swamp forest. Phosphorus levels (but not nitrate) were highly correlated with conductivity, Cl, Na, Ca, Mg and SO4. Results indicate two major stream types: 1) phosphorus-poor streams characterized by low levels of dissolved solids reflecting local weathering processes; and 2) phosphorus-rich streams characterized by relatively high Cl, SO4, Na, Mg, Ca and other dissolved solids, reflecting dissolution of basaltic rock at distant sources and/or input of volcanic brines. Phosphorus-poor streams were located within the entire elevation range, while phosphorus-rich streams were predominately located at the terminus of Pleistocene lava flows at low elevations. Results indicate that deep groundwater inputs, rich in phosphorus and other dissolved solids, surface from basaltic aquifers at breaks in landform along faults and/or where the foothills of the central mountain range merge with the coastal plain.
High-speed separation of the rare earths by ion exchange part II☆☆☆

Abstract Using the techniques of high-pressure liquid chromatography, it has been possible to separate mass quantities of all fourteen rare earths in less than 5 h. The importance of solvent gradient, particle size and resin cross-linkage were examined.
Marketing Practices Used by the Emerging American Public Library System from Inception to 1930

This study explores the marketing practices used by the emerging American public library system from its inception in 1876 to 1930. This period fits the Era of Institutional Development, when most modern marketing practices were believed to have appeared. The results show that libraries adopted contemporary business practices and developed marketing strategies to identify and target specific market segments through the development of unique products. This can be seen as an example of the “complex flux” model, in which change in marketing practice is linked to past phenomena. Libraries developed complex marketing and promotional strategies using a mix of media to reach their targeted market segments.
Calcium and phosphorus metabolism in a case of intractable rickets

Summary A girl ten years old had suffered from marked rickets at least since the age of two and was not benefited by antirachitic treatment in ordinary doses. The metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in this case was typicalof rickets and showed no similarity to that found in primary hyperparathyroidism. This rachitic metabolism did not, however, respond to the administration of vitamin D in the usual manner; an inability to utilize this vitamin might, therefore, be the cause of disease in this case.
Light-induced effects in hydrogenated amorphous nitrogen-rich silicon nitride films

Abstract We report on new photoconductivity fatigue effects and generation of positive fixed charges when nitrogen-rich gate-quality silicon nitride films are illuminated by sub-bandgap ultra-violet light. The photoconductivity fatigue is correlated with the density of neutral silicon dangling bonds measured by electron spin resonance. Spins and positive fixed charges are generated at the same time, but at different rates and in different amounts. Photon energy threshold for spins and positive fixed charges creation is around 3.4 eV. Annealing studies have also shown that a temperature of at least 350°C, and 400°C is needed to fully recover the initial (dark) spins and positive fixed charges densities, respectively, in the film deposited at 400°C.
Influence of nonequilibrium lipid transport, membrane compartmentalization, and membrane proteins on the lateral organization of the plasma membrane

Compositional lipid domains (lipid rafts) in plasma membranes are believed to be important components of many cellular processes. The mechanisms by which cells regulate the sizes, lifetimes, and spatial localization of these domains are rather poorly understood at the moment. We propose a robust mechanism for the formation of finite-sized lipid raft domains in plasma membranes, the competition between phase separation in an immiscible lipid system and active cellular lipid transport processes naturally leads to the formation of such domains. Simulations of a continuum model reveal that the raft size distribution is broad and the average raft size is strongly dependent on the rates of cellular and interlayer lipid transport processes. We demonstrate that spatiotemporal variations in the recycling may enable the cell to localize larger raft aggregates at specific parts along the membrane. Moreover, we show that membrane compartmentalization may further facilitate spatial localization of the raft domains. Finally, we demonstrate that local interactions with immobile membrane proteins can spatially localize the rafts and lead to further clustering.
Extinction and the necessity or non-necessity of anticipating reward on nonrewarded trials

Rats receiving nonrewarded trials but not previous rewarded trials showed a PRE. These data are similar to those produced in INE studies, except that fewer nonrewards were employed here. The results are not consistent with the hypothesis that at least one rewarded trial must precede nonrewarded trials in order to obtain a PRE, nor do they support the idea that reward must be expected on nonrewarded trials in order to obtain a PRE. Reinforcing this view are the results of studies that did not attempt to eliminate expectancy, as here, but rather manipulated its strength prior to extinction.
System power management support in the IBM POWER6 microprocessor

The IBM POWER6™ microprocessor chip supports advanced, dynamic power management solutions for managing not, just the chip but the entire server. The design facilitates a programmable power management solution for greater flexibility and integration into system- and data-center-wide management solutions. The design of the POWER6 microprocessor provides real-time access to detailed and accurate information on power, temperature, and performance. Together, the sensing, actuation, and management support available in the POWER6 processor, known as the EnergyScale™ architecture, enables higher performance, greater energy efficiency, and new power management capabilities such as power and thermal capping and power savings with explicit performance control. This paper provides an overview of the innovative design of the POWER6 processor that enables these advanced, dynamic system power management solutions.
AMINO-TERMINAL SIGNAL TRANSDUCER AND ACTIVATOR OF TRANSCRIPTION (STAT) DOMAINS REGULATE NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION AND STAT DEACTIVATION

The first approximately 100 amino acids of the STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) family of transcription factors share a high degree of sequence similarity. To determine whether they encode a functionally conserved domain, amino-terminal chimeric STATs were created. These chimeric STATs share a number of properties with wild-type Stat1, including a predominately cytoplasmic pattern of expression in unstimulated cells. Upon stimulation with ligand, the chimeric STATs rapidly become tyrosine-phosphorylated, dimerize, and are able to bind DNA. They are also able to heterodimerize with coexpressed wild-type Stat1. Yet in contrast to wild-type Stat1, the chimeric STATs exhibit a marked defect in deactivation. Moreover, the persistence of active chimeras correlates directly with an inability to translocate to the nucleus. The defects both in nuclear translocation and in deactivation are rescued by heterodimerization with coexpressed wild-type Stat1. This study indicates that STAT amino termini provide a signal that is important for nuclear translocation and, subsequently, deactivation. It also suggests that deactivation may depend on a prior nuclear localization event.
TAP: A TLP-aware cache management policy for a CPU-GPU heterogeneous architecture

Combining CPUs and GPUs on the same chip has become a popular architectural trend. However, these heterogeneous architectures put more pressure on shared resource management. In particular, managing the last-level cache (LLC) is very critical to performance. Lately, many researchers have proposed several shared cache management mechanisms, including dynamic cache partitioning and promotion-based cache management, but no cache management work has been done on CPU-GPU heterogeneous architectures. Sharing the LLC between CPUs and GPUs brings new challenges due to the different characteristics of CPU and GPGPU applications. Unlike most memory-intensive CPU benchmarks that hide memory latency with caching, many GPGPU applications hide memory latency by combining thread-level parallelism (TLP) and caching. In this paper, we propose a TLP-aware cache management policy for CPU-GPU heterogeneous architectures. We introduce a core-sampling mechanism to detect how caching affects the performance of a GPGPU application. Inspired by previous cache management schemes, Utility-based Cache Partitioning (UCP) and Re-Reference Interval Prediction (RRIP), we propose two new mechanisms: TAP-UCP and TAP-RRIP. TAP-UCP improves performance by 5% over UCP and 11% over LRU on 152 heterogeneous workloads, and TAP-RRIP improves performance by 9% over RRIP and 12% over LRU.
Computer Technology and Counseling Psychology Regression Toward the Machine

The availability of computer applications in counseling psychology has increased dramatically over the past 15 years. Many articles, books, and conference presentations have explored the use of computer technology infacilitating service delivery. Although some concern has been expressed regarding potentially inappropriate use of computer applications, minimal attention has been paid to the impact of this technology on the identity and behavior of counseling psychologists. In view of the growing body of knowledge and experience on this topic, it would seem to be an appropriate time to explore the potential impact of this technology. The current use of computer technology in counseling psychology is explored and the potential negative impact of computer technology is discussed in terms of the misuse of computer applications, dependence on technology, and restriction of the counseling process. Factors contributing to inappropriate use of technology are also discussed along with priorities for action and rese...
Cultural Competency: A Key to Effective Future Social Work with Racially and Ethnically Diverse Elders:

With 2 dominant demographic imperatives of the aging population and increasing racial/ethnic diversity of the older population, current and future generations of racially and ethnically diverse elders are expected to experience complex and diverse sets of service needs. More than ever, the social work profession needs a strategic approach to working with current and future generations of diverse elders. The author presents information that allows a better understanding of future issues and problems facing racial/ethnic minority elders and discusses how social work can effectively and successfully address these future needs. Five specific recommendations are proposed: (a) reconceptualize race/ethnicity and diversity in social work practice, (b) identify and develop a conceptual framework for social work with racially and ethnically diverse elders, (c) consider a multidisciplinary community-oriented and neighborhood-based approach, (d) advance culturally competent gerontological social work with diverse eld...
Adrenal Function in Heterozygous and Homozygous Hypobetalipoproteinemia

Corticosteroid synthesis in the human adrenal cortex requires a supply of cholesterol which can be derived from both local synthesis and the uptake of plasma lipoproteins. Studies with cultured adrenal cells have shown that such uptake i s mediated through the interaction of plasma low density lipo-proteins (LDL) and a specific cellular receptor (the LDL receptor). In the present study we have examined parameters of adrenal corticosteroid production in a patient with phenotypic abetalipoproteinemia (on the basis of homozygous hypobetalip-oproteinemia) and in three of her relatives with inherently low levels of LDL (heterozygous hypobetalipoproteinemia). These studies sought to determine whether the absence of LDL or an inherent reduction in their plasma concentration results in alterations in corticosteroid production both under basal conditions and in response to prolonged stimulation with iv ACTH. Our results document normal parameters of corticosteroid production under basal conditions in both heterozy...
Toxicology and carcinogenesis studies of ozone and ozone 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in Fischer-344/N rats.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the toxicity and potential carcinogenicity or cocarcinogenicity of ozone exposure in rats. Fischer-344/N (F-344/N) rats were exposed 6 hr/day, 5 days/wk, to 0, 0.12, 0.5, or 1.0 ppm ozone by inhalation for 2-yr and lifetime exposures. The cocarcinogenicity study included subcutaneous administration of 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/kg body weight of 4-(N-nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and inhalation of 0 or 0.5 ppm ozone to male rats. NNK was administered by subcutaneous injections 3 times per week for the first 20 wk with ozone inhalation exposure. The ozone inhalation exposure was for 2 yr (104 wk), including the first 20 wk of NNK treatment and continuing for 84 wk after the last NNK injection. Ozone exposure caused a concentration-related increase in inflammation of the centriacinar region of the lung. There was also increased fibrosis and an extension of the bronchiolar epithelium in these centriacinar regions to involve the proximal alveoli. There was...
The Mtr4 ratchet helix and arch domain both function to promote RNA unwinding

Mtr4 is a conserved Ski2-like RNA helicase and a subunit of the TRAMP complex that activates exosome-mediated 3′-5′ turnover in nuclear RNA surveillance and processing pathways. Prominent features of the Mtr4 structure include a four-domain ring-like helicase core and a large arch domain that spans the core. The ‘ratchet helix’ is positioned to interact with RNA substrates as they move through the helicase. However, the contribution of the ratchet helix in Mtr4 activity is poorly understood. Here we show that strict conservation along the ratchet helix is particularly extensive for Ski2-like RNA helicases compared to related helicases. Mutation of residues along the ratchet helix alters in vitro activity in Mtr4 and TRAMP and causes slow growth phenotypes in vivo. We also identify a residue on the ratchet helix that influences Mtr4 affinity for polyadenylated substrates. Previous work indicated that deletion of the arch domain has minimal effect on Mtr4 unwinding activity. We now show that combining the arch deletion with ratchet helix mutations abolishes helicase activity and produces a lethal in vivo phenotype. These studies demonstrate that the ratchet helix modulates helicase activity and suggest that the arch domain plays a previously unrecognized role in unwinding substrates.
Cooperative activity of cdk8 and GCN5L within Mediator directs tandem phosphoacetylation of histone H3

The human Mediator complex is generally required for expression of protein-coding genes. Here, we show that the GCN5L acetyltransferase stably associates with Mediator together with the TRRAP polypeptide. Yet, contrary to expectations, TRRAP/GCN5L does not associate with the transcriptionally active core Mediator but rather with Mediator that contains the cdk8 subcomplex. Consequently, this derivative 'T/G-Mediator' complex does not directly activate transcription in a reconstituted human transcription system. However, within T/G-Mediator, cdk8 phosphorylates serine-10 on histone H3, which in turn stimulates H3K14 acetylation by GCN5L within the complex. Tandem phosphoacetylation of H3 correlates with transcriptional activation, and ChIP assays demonstrate co-occupancy of T/G-Mediator components at several activated genes in vivo. Moreover, cdk8 knockdown causes substantial reduction of global H3 phosphoacetylation, suggesting that T/G-Mediator is a major regulator of this H3 mark. Cooperative H3 modification provides a mechanistic basis for GCN5L association with cdk8-Mediator and also identifies a biochemical means by which cdk8 can indirectly activate gene expression. Indeed our results suggest that T/G-Mediator directs early events-such as modification of chromatin templates-in transcriptional activation.
Control of oxidative phosphorylation during insect metamorphosis

The midgut of the tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta) is a highly aerobic tissue that is destroyed and replaced by a pupal epithelium at metamorphosis. To determine how oxidative phosphorylation is al...
The long and short of calcium-dependent automaticity in the sinoatrial node

debate on the ionic basis of automaticity in the sinoatrial node (SAN) has persisted since the onset of the field of cardiac cellular electrophysiology, with the favored theory replaced or refined periodically (see Refs. [1][1], [16][2], [17][3], [21][4], [24][5]–[26][6]). For many years, the
Mass Spectrometric Investigation of the Mechanism of Inactivation of Hamster Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 by N-Hydroxy-2-Acetylaminofluorene

Arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) are expressed in most mammalian tissues. NATs catalyze the N-acetylation of primary arylamines, the O-acetylation of N-arylhydroxylamines, and the N,O-transacetylation of N-arylhydroxamic acids. The latter two reactions result in formation of reactive, electrophilic N-acetoxyarylamines, which are considered to be the ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of certain environmental and dietary arylamines. Incubation of various N-(aryl)acetohydroxamic acids, such as N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF) with hamster NAT1, results in time-dependent, concentration-dependent, and kinetically first-order irreversible inactivation of the enzyme. N-OH-AAF also causes in vivo inactivation of NAT1. The purpose of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanism of NAT1 inactivation by identifying the amino acid residues that undergo covalent modification upon NAT1-catalyzed bioactivation of N-OH-AAF and by characterizing the chemical structures of the adducts. Electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometric analysis of NAT1 that had been incubated with N-OH-AAF revealed that the mass of the major adduct (+195 Da) was consistent with a (2-fluorenyl)sulfinamide modification. The major adduct underwent hydrolysis to yield a protein with a molecular mass that corresponded to a sulfinic acid-modified NAT1. Treatment of NAT1 with 2-nitrosofluorene resulted in a modification (+195 Da) that was identical in mass to that obtained with N-OH-AAF-inactivated enzyme. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization quadrupole time-of flight tandem mass spectrometric (MALDI Q-TOF MS/MS) analysis revealed that the modified residue was the catalytically essential Cys68. MALDI Q-TOF MS/MS sequencing of peptides from protease digests of inactivated NAT1 also identified two minor adducts at Tyr17 and Tyr186, each of which was covalently conjugated with 2-aminofluorene. Thus, the mechanism of inactivation of NAT1 by N-OH-AAF involves NAT1-catalyzed deacetylation to afford N-hydroxy-2-aminofluorene, which after oxidative conversion to 2-nitrosofluorene, forms a sulfinamide adduct by reacting with Cys68. GSH had little effect on the inactivation of NAT1 by N-OH-AAF, although high concentrations of cysteine attenuated both the extent of inactivation and the sulfinamide adduct formation.
Systems design concepts for optical synchronization in accelerators

Development of accelerator-based light sources is expanding the size of femtosecond laser systems from tabletop devices up to kilometer-scale facilities. New optical techniques are needed to maintain temporal stability in these large systems. We present methods for distributing timing information over optical fiber using continuous optical waves, and how these can be employed in advanced accelerators requiring less than 100 fs timing stability. Different techniques combine to form a tool set that can provide for synchronization down to a few femtoseconds. Practical examples are given for timing systems applicable to FELs now under construction, with experimental results to show these systems can be built with required performance.
An empirical evaluation of two memory-efficient directory methods

This paper presents an empirical evaluation of two memory-efficient directory methods for maintaining coherent caches in large shared memory multiprocessors. Both directory methods are modifications of a scheme proposed by Censier and Feautrier [5] that does not rely on a specific interconnection network and can be readily distributed across interleaved main memory. The schemes considered here overcome the large amount of memory required for tags in the original scheme in two different ways. In the first scheme each main memory block is sectored into sub-blocks for which the large tag overhead is shared. In the second scheme a limited number of large tags are stored in an associative cache and shared among a much larger number of main memory blocks. Simulations show that in terms of access time and network traffic both directory methods provide significant performance improvements over a memory system in which shared-writeable data is not cached. The large block sizes required for the sectored scheme, however, promotes sufficient false sharing that its performance is markedly worse than using a tag cache.
Acceptance of Advertising and Collection of Personal Information

The current study investigated the relationship between acceptance of advertising and of services that collect personal information. Survey respondents were presented with a questionnaire asking about their agreement with various forms of advertising, and were also presented with scenarios describing mobile and TV-based services. The results showed that adding collection of personal information to the services had less of an impact on the ratings of respondents who were more accepting of advertisements inserted into applications (software, games and MP3s) or presented on mobile devices. These results suggest that acceptance of advertising could be an indicator of privacy sensitivity, and could be used to personalize privacy management in part based on individual differences in sensitivity.
System capacity and performance evaluation

The performance of MVS (Multiple Virtual Storage) systems can be predicted for changes in workload and environment by an IBM marketing aid informally called SCAPE (for System Capacity and Performance Evaluation). Written in FORTRAN, the programs use simple queuing formulas with empirical modifications. Response times for complex workload(IMS, CICS, TSO, and batch) through the CPU and auxiliary storage are expressed as functions of application loads and other parameters that define the system's environment. SCAPE can predict the effect on performance of different CPU models, larger memory, additional channels, additional direct-access storage, larger block sizes, and alternate workload projections.
A Common Language of Gender

Is there a common language of gender in political science research? One might expect the answer to be no, given the wide range of ways in which scholars employ the concept of gender in empirical and theoretical research. I maintain, however, that a common language of gender does exist and that we must articulate it in explicit terms in order to advance the way we build knowledge in this field. In this contribution to “Critical Perspectives on Gender and Politics,” I suggest two ways in which to employ “gender” as part of a common language that the subfield can employ for the purposes of empirical political research: gender as a category and as a process.
Advanced modelling and verification techniques applied to a cluster file system

This paper describes the application of advanced formal modelling techniques and tools from the CADP toolset to the verification of CFS, a distributed file system kernel. After a short overview of the specification of CFS, we describe the techniques used for model generation and verification, and their application to CFS. Two original aspects are put forth: firstly, the model is generated in a compositional way, by putting together separately generated sub-components, secondly, the extensible, data-aware temporal logic checker XTL is used to express and verify properties of the system. In particular an XTL extension providing richer diagnostics is presented.
Lossless negative dielectric constant optical material from a semiconductor quantum dot mixture

We show that with sufficient gain, a mixture of two semiconductor quantum dots can produce an isotropic effective dielectric constant that is lossless and negative. This permits small-scale optical mode volume and lossless waveguides.
Multidisciplinary Approach to Assessing Actuation Power of a Hybrid Wing–Body

Hybrid wing–body configurations, such as the N2A-EXTE, have the potential to meet NASA Environmentally Responsible Aviation N+2 goals. These configurations have redundant elevons typically spanning the entire trailing edge of the wing, for which the large areas result in the generation of large hinge moments. To ensure aircraft stability with a reduced static margin, high control surface deflection rates may also be required. The combination of large actuation loads and rates results in significant actuation power requirements, which affect both fuel burn and the sizing of the actuation subsystem. In the early design phases, there is significant uncertainty regarding the magnitude of the actuation power, which may depend on the vehicle’s static margin, the design and designated roles of the redundant control surfaces, actuator design parameters, and the intensity of encountered atmospheric turbulence. The objective of this paper is to present a methodical approach for assessing this uncertainty and relati...
771 High Incidence of Iron Deficiency in Young Children with Cystic Fibrosis

Background Iron deficiency (ID) is common in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). In adult CF patients ID is related to lung disease severity and thought to be caused by chronic inflammation. Increased iron levels in sputum are associated with P. aeruginosa infections. Aim To establish the prevalence of ID and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children with CF and associations of ID with dietary iron intake, lung disease severity and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Methods Clinical charts of 54 children with CF aged 0 to 16 were reviewed. Follow-up varied from 1 to 14 years with 346 annual observations in total. Laboratory data (hemoglobin (Hb), serum ferritin (SF)) and results of pulmonary function tests, sputum cultures and 3-day food records were collected. Results 46 children (85.2%) were iron deficient (SF 2SD below the mean of similarly aged children) was present in 8 observations (2.4%) in 6 patients (11.1%). Children with ID were younger (6.4 year versus 10.6 year, p=0.00) and had less pulmonary exacerbations (p=0.01). ID was not associated with FEV1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection or dietary iron intake. Conclusion ID is common in young children with CF and associated with less pulmonary exacerbations. We suggest that ID in these children is caused by rapid growth and accelerated erythropoies instead of disease severity or insufficient dietary iron intake.
Status of the AGT 100 Advanced Gas Turbine Program

Recent activities on the AGT 100 Advanced Gas Turbine Program have included engine testing, aerodynamic component development, and ceramic material and component development. Engine testing has progressed in total hours and hours per build, without a major failure. A special mechanical loss test was conducted. Aerodynamic component activity has included the compressor, combustor and regenerator. Ceramic development was continued in areas of basic materials, processing, component fabrication and evaluation, and engine testing.Copyright © 1985 by ASME
Two-photon photoinitiated polymer processing and microfabrication

Emerging device technologies such as rnicroelectromechanical systems and integrated sensors are placing increased demands on the development of materials processing and fabrication techniques.1,2
An Evaluation of SOAR: Implementation and Outcomes of an Effort to Improve Access to SSI and SSDI

Objective:Accessing Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) is challenging for people experiencing or at risk of homelessness. The federally funded SSI/SSDI Outreach, Access and Recovery (SOAR) project aims to improve access to SSI and SSDI through technical assistance (TA) to communities for promoting collaboration among agencies that serve this population and training professionals to assist people with applications. This study examined how SOAR TA has influenced community implementation efforts and the outcomes of these efforts.Methods:Data were collected through site visits, a social network survey, and a management information system (MIS) in 13 states that began receiving TA in 2010 or 2011 and from Social Security Administration (SSA) administrative files on all applications (N=2,438,944) nationwide that were filed initially in fiscal year 2010.Results:About 13% of trainees completed an application with the SOAR process. These trainees achieved a 73% appro...
Predictors of maternal depressive symptom trajectories over the first 18 months in home visiting

Maternal depression negatively impacts maternal functioning and parenting behaviors. Mothers participating in home visiting programs are at particularly elevated risk for depressive symptoms due to demographic and associated risk factors. Moreover, additional empirical evidence has demonstrated that mothers with depression do not benefit from home visiting interventions to the same extent as their peers without depression. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of depression course in mothers participating in home visiting over the first 18 months of service. Participants were 220 low income mothers participating in a home visiting program who completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at enrollment and 9 and 18 months later. Measures of childhood maltreatment history, social support, and locus of control were also collected at enrollment. Group-based trajectory modeling revealed 3 groups labeled as minimal (63.6%), mild (30.5%), and moderate-severe (5.9%). Although a slight decrease in depressive symptoms was observed over time in the minimal and mild groups, mothers in the moderate-severe group exhibited a large increase from enrollment to 9 months that persisted through 18 months. Membership in the mild and moderate-severe groups was predicted by history of childhood maltreatment, low levels of social support, and an external locus of control. Implications of these findings for home visiting programs are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Security Attacks in Cloud Computing

This chapter discusses the most common attacks in cloud computing. It starts with discussing different types of denial of service attacks. It also discusses different attacks on hypervisors. The chapter also explains different attacks on confidentiality of user data in the cloud and resource-freeing attacks. The chapter also explains side-channel attacks. The chapter ends with a simple explanation of other, less significant attacks.
Cryogenic Engineering Advances in the Space Age

Rocket and missile technology, design and construction has become increasingly important since the end of the Second World War. Today the prestige, defense, or even survival of a nation may depend upon its rocket and missile research and development program. Satellites of Russian and United States origin are circling the earth and moon, relaying valuable information to their designers. The starting gun has sounded for the race to the stars. Cryogenic engineering operations and techniques play an important part in winning this race.
Connections, Hybrid Approaches and Learning

Relationships between tabu search and other procedures like simulated annealing and genetic algorithms provide a basis for understanding similarities and contrasts in their philosophies, and for creating potentially useful hybrid combinations of these approaches. We offer some speculation on preferable directions in this regard, and also suggest how elements of tabu search can add a useful dimension to neural network approaches.
Targeting Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in triple negative breast cancer: New discoveries and practical insights for drug development

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10–20% of cases in breast cancer. Despite recent advances in the treatment of hormonal receptor+ and HER2+ breast cancers, there are no targeted therapies available for TNBC. Evidence supports that most patients with TNBC express the transmembrane Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). However, early phase clinical trials failed to demonstrate significant activity of EGFR-targeted monoclonal antibodies and/or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Here, we review the recent discoveries related to the underlying biology of the EGFR pathway in TNBC, clinical progress to date and suggest rational future approaches for investigational therapies in TNBC.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Appearance of the Hip Musculature After Arthroscopic Labral-Level Iliopsoas Tenotomies.

Background:Iliopsoas (IP) muscle atrophy is a known consequence of open IP tenotomy, but the severity of IP muscle atrophy that occurs after arthroscopic labral-level IP tenotomies has not been doc...
Rational Design of Statically and Dynamically Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with High Sulfur Loading and Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio

The primary challenge with lithium-sulfur battery research is the design of sulfur cathodes that exhibit high electrochemical efficiency and stability while keeping the sulfur content and loading high and the electrolyte/sulfur ratio low. With a systematic investigation, a novel graphene/cotton-carbon cathode is presented here that enables sulfur loading and content as high as 46 mg cm-2 and 70 wt% with an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of as low as only 5. The graphene/cotton-carbon cathodes deliver peak capacities of 926 and 765 mA h g-1 , respectively, at C/10 and C/5 rates, which translate into high areal, gravimetric, and volumetric capacities of, respectively, 43 and 35 mA h cm-2 , 648 and 536 mA h g-1 , and 1067 and 881 mA h cm-3 with a stable cyclability. They also exhibit superior cell-storage capability with 95% capacity-retention, a low self-discharge constant of just 0.0012 per day, and stable poststorage cyclability after storing over a long period of six months. This work demonstrates a viable approach to develop lithium-sulfur batteries with practical energy densities exceeding that of lithium-ion batteries.
The Ecosystem Process

By an ecosystem I mean a living system which is capable of sustaining itself indefinitely and without help from any other such system. Clearly no single molecule has this property, nor does any single cell or organism, or even any isolated aggregate of organisms, for this aggregate could not sustain itself without a proper environment. Moreover, the aggregate itself must in general be much more complicated than any single organism, or at least any single present-day organism, for in general it takes many interacting organisms to maintain a suitable environment.
A 61-Year-Old Caribbean Man With Thrush and Acute Respiratory Failure.

Case Presentation A 61-year-old Caribbean man presented to the ED with dyspnea that had progressed over the previous week with associated cough and high fevers. Four days prior to admission, his primary care physician noted oral thrush and obtained a chest radiograph that revealed a right middle lobe infiltrate. He was prescribed levofloxacin and clotrimazole. Despite therapy, his symptoms progressed. He had an 11 pack-year smoking history and hypertension but had been in good health. He denied recent travel, alcohol or illicit drug use, or high-risk sexual behaviors, and his only previous medicine was amlodipine. Institutional review board approval was not obtained for this case report, as all patient data are anonymous and obtained during routine patient care activities.
Performance analysis of sampling-based turbo coded NCQFSK for image data transmission

In this paper, we propose the efficient turbo code metric calculation methodology for noncoherent Quaternary Frequency Shift Keying (NCQFSK) which is suitable for sampling--based computer simulation. In its branch metric calculation for turbo coded NCQFSK under AWGN, four decision statistics having either Rician or Rayleigh probability density functions must be accounted for in the decoding process. In this regard, this paper clarifies the mathematical details of utilizing the four NCQFSK demodulator outputs so that sampling-based turbo decoding can be realized. Results of BER performances using the named waveform are shown for turbo code rates of 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 under AWGN and a comparative assessment along with convolutional code is presented to check validity of the proposed metric calculation procedures. These results are further extended to include implementation of RS--turbo concatenated scheme for NCQFSK towards practical use with minimal number of decoding iteration. Finally the proposed turbo coded NCQFSK is applied to the image data (64x 64 pixels of Gray scale) transmission under AWGN to check the effectiveness in the multimedia data transmission.
Duration of Allergen Immunotherapy for Long-Term Efficacy in Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis

Subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy are effective for allergic rhinitis. An important question is whether allergen immunotherapy provides a sustained clinical effect after treatment cessation. In view of potential side effects, cost and the necessary patient commitment, long-term benefit is an important consideration for the recommendation of immunotherapy over standard pharmacotherapy. In this review, we analyse the existing evidence for long-term effects of both routes of administration in the context of double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trials that included a follow-up phase of at least 1 year after treatment cessation. Overall, evidence suggests that 3 years of either subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy result in clinical benefit and immunological changes consistent with allergen-specific tolerance sustained for at least 2–3 years after treatment cessation. The data presented here support recommendations in international guidelines that both routes of administration should be continued for a minimum of 3 years. Gaps in the evidence remain regarding the long-term efficacy of immunotherapy for perennial rhinitis and studies performed in children.
Running with or against the treadmill? Labor unions, institutional contexts, and greenhouse gas emissions in a comparative perspective

In this paper, we examine one institution that has received less attention in scholarly debates about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, despite its inherent connection to economic activity and politi...
A case of mistaken identity: The MAR-1 antibody to mouse FcεRIα cross-reacts with FcγRI and FcγRIV.

This study demonstrates that the MAR-1 antibody to mouse FcepsilonRI unexpectedly binds to two Fcgamma receptors, raising concerns regarding numerous studies that used this antibody to assess the distribution and function of FcepsilonRI+ cells.