cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Developing a comprehensive patent related information retrieval tool

In recent years, there has been a massive growth of regulatory and related information available online. This information is distributed across many different domains creating a problem for accessing and managing this data. This paper proposes a framework to access information across two such domains - patents and court cases. The framework is designed to boost the value of a set of patents based on information available in court cases by identifying and cross-referencing mutual information in the two domains. We test our framework by constructing a use case involving the hormone erythropoietin. A corpus of 1150 patents (including 135 closely related patents) and 30 court cases is gathered. Challenges associated with such integration and future plans are briefly discussed.
Cognitive networks: adaptation and learning to achieve end-to-end performance objectives

In this article we advance the idea of a cognitive network, capable of perceiving current network conditions and then planning, learning, and acting according to end-to-end goals. Cognitive networks are motivated by the complexity, heterogeneity, and reliability requirements of tomorrow's networks, which are increasingly expected to self-organize to meet user and application objectives. We compare and contrast cognitive networks with related research on cognitive radios and cross-layer design. By defining cognitive networks, examining their relationship to other technologies, discussing critical design issues, and providing a framework for implementation, we aim to establish a foundation for further research and discussion
Pulmonary Arterial Changes in Feline Dirofilariasis

Eleven cats with spontaneous dirofilariasis were necropsied; ten were domestic shorthairs and one was a Persian. The cats ranged in age from 1 to 10 years, and 6/11 cats were male. One to three heartworms were present in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries of each of the 11 cats. Patchy areas of rugose thickening of the intima of the pulmonary trunk and marked villous endarteritis of lobar and medium-sized pulmonary arteries were observed. Affected larger vessels were partially occluded by large villous intimal proliferations that were lined by hyperplastic endothelial cells supported by connective tissue stroma. Moderate to marked infiltration of eosinophils and mononuclear inflammatory cells was consistently observed in the intima of affected larger pulmonary arteries. Thrombosis of pulmonary arteries was seen in five cats. Medial hypertrophy, mild intimal proliferative changes, and focal infiltrations of leukocytes were seen in small pulmonary arteries. Lesions indicative of right-sided heart fa...
Cultural influences in mental health treatment

Research on mental health treatments from 2010 to 2015 has continued to highlight the critical role of culture on treatment services, processes, and outcomes for racial/ethnic minority groups. Studies showed that factors such as acculturation and phenotypic appearance were associated with risk for psychopathology. Issues such as face concern and acculturation level were associated with the quality of client-therapist relationships and the amount of information clients disclosed in sessions. While racial/ethnic minority clients generally preferred same-ethnicity therapists, findings showed relatively small effects for racial/ethnic match and positive treatment outcomes. Several studies provided additional evidence for the effectiveness of culturally-adapted, evidence-based treatments compared to non-adapted treatments for minority clients, and more researchers are beginning to delineate the processes involved in making these successful adaptations.
Drug-induced long QT syndrome increases the risk of drowning

There is strong evidence linking inherited long QT syndromes with an increased risk of drowning due to fatal arrhythmias in the water. Drug-induced long QT syndrome (DILQTS) is hypothesized to increase the risk of drowning by similar mechanisms. It is suggested that QT prolongation caused by a drug or drugs, when combined with the autonomic conflict associated with the mammalian dive reflex and/or the cold shock reflex, sets up conditions that may result in a sudden fatal arrhythmia while in water - thus an increased risk of drowning related to a drug-induced prolongation of the QT interval. Many widely used drugs prolong the QT interval thus raising a drug safety issue that needs confirmation or refutation.
Association of Triple Therapy With Improvement in Cholesterol Profiles Over Two-Year Followup in the Treatment of Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial.

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) suffer significantly increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality when compared to the general population (1–3). Both traditional CV risk factors such as dyslipidemia as well as RA disease activity contribute to this increased CV risk (4;5). High levels of systemic inflammation have been associated with the suppression of circulating cholesterol levels in disease states such as endotoxemia as well as RA (6). Previous studies have suggested that cholesterol levels may increase after RA treatment; however, a wide range of cholesterol changes has been reported by different studies with different drug treatments, study designs, durations, and patient populations (7–10). Few studies have been able to analyze long-term follow up of a large group of early RA patients randomized to biologic and non-biologic disease modifying therapies. It remains unclear whether serum cholesterol increases over time are related solely to specific drug mechanisms, suppression of inflammation, or a combination of these and other patient factors. The Treatment of Early Aggressive Rheumatoid Arthritis (TEAR) trial enrolled 755 patients with very early, active RA in which 90% of patients had disease duration less than one year and 75% of patients had received no disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) therapy prior to study entry. These patients were randomized to methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy versus MTX combination therapy with etanercept (MTX+ETA) or triple therapy (TT) including MTX, sulfasalazine (SSZ), and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and followed for two years (11). We previously reported that marked increases in total, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol occurred after 6 months of treatment in the TEAR trial (12). We now describe the cholesterol changes over two years of follow-up with specific evaluation of relationships to disease activity, systemic inflammation, and the treatments received.
Alteration of the Flexible Loop in 1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate Reductoisomerase Boosts Enthalpy-Driven Inhibition by Fosmidomycin

1-Deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (DXR), which catalyzes the first committed step in the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis used by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other infectious microorganisms, is absent in humans and therefore an attractive drug target. Fosmidomycin is a nanomolar inhibitor of DXR, but despite great efforts, few analogues with comparable potency have been developed. DXR contains a strictly conserved residue, Trp203, within a flexible loop that closes over and interacts with the bound inhibitor. We report that while mutation to Ala or Gly abolishes activity, mutation to Phe and Tyr only modestly impacts kcat and Km. Moreover, pre-steady-state kinetics and primary deuterium kinetic isotope effects indicate that while turnover is largely limited by product release for the wild-type enzyme, chemistry is significantly more rate-limiting for W203F and W203Y. Surprisingly, these mutants are more sensitive to inhibition by fosmidomycin, resulti...
Neurofibromatosis type 2 protein, NF2: an uncoventional cell cycle regulator

Neurofibromatosis type 2 protein (NF2) is an underappreciated tumor suppressor involved in a broad range of nervous system tumors. Inactivation of the NF2 gene leads to neurofibromatosis type-2, which is characterized by multiple benign nervous system tumors and mutations in the gene have been demonstrated in many other tumor types as well. All tumors, regardless of location or grade, lack a fundamental control over cell cycle progression. Historically, NF2 is an unconventional tumor suppressor protein in that it does not directly influence the cell cycle. NF2 links receptors at the plasma membrane to their cytoplasmic kinases to facilitate contact inhibition. However, NF2 can also interact with an array of cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins that affect cell cycle progression. Furthermore, through some of these pathways, NF2 may reverse the functional inhibition of conventional tumor suppressor pathways. Here we review mechanisms utilized by NF2 to regain control of the cell cycle.
THE INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF 44 CASES OF EPIDEMIC CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS.

Objective:To study the prevention and control of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.Methods:44 cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis in Bengbu city during the winter in 2004 to the spring in 2005 were analysed.Their characteristis in epidemiology and clinic were compared and the results of specimen were checked by way of epidemiology and health statistics.Results:The highest incidence period for children and youth was between 6 to 20 years old who worked or studied in the place gathered with a lot of people.The serogroup C meningococcus accounted for 2/3 of the specimens checked.The detectable rate of smear cytologic examination(The petechia or cerebrospinal fluid)was higher than that of the other specimens.Conclusion:The serogroup C meningococcus is the primary cases this time,the symptom of the patients is more serious.All the inhabitants should be injected serogroup A+C vaccine.It is useless to sample the blood if the patients have been treated with antibiotic.
The relationships among depression, pain, and masticatory functioning in temporomandibular disorder patients.

Aims: To evaluate the effect of comorbid depression and pain on an early biopsychosocial intervention for acute temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients. Methods: Depressed (either current or lifetime; n = 32) or nondepressed (n = 31) acute TMD patients received a biopsychosocial intervention, and were evaluated at preintervention and again 12 months postintervention by Characteristic Pain Intensity, the Beck Depression Inventory, and a masticatory function test. Results: Findings revealed that both depressed and nondepressed patients reported comparable pain decreases at 12 months postintervention. Moreover, there were no significant differences between patient groups in masticatory function. Conclusion: With appropriate early biopsychosocial intervention, acute TMD patients, regardless of the presence or absence of vulnerability to depression symptomatology, can be effectively treated.
Health indices as predictors of cognition among older African Americans: MacArthur studies of successful aging.

Using cross-sectional and longitudinal data from the MacArthur Successful Aging Study, this paper examines associations between cognition and indices of health in 224 elderly African Americans 70 to 79 years of age at initial interview. The results indicated that greater average peak expiratory flow was predictive of better cognitive performance at the first interview. One longitudinal analysis showed that gender was the only significant predictor of change (change as a continuous variable) with women tending to slightly improve their cognitive performance over time. When change was treated as a dichotomous variable (e.g., a decline of 6 or more points), lower levels of average peak expiratory flow and education were predictive of decline, and positive self-ratings of current health and changes in health in the past year were important factors in the improvement of cognitive performance. The results indicate that, in addition to education, health is an important predictor of the status and course of cognitive functioning in older African Americans.
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: New Thoughts About Pathogenesis and Potential Treatments

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. An incomplete understanding of its pathogenesis has hampered efforts to devise an effective preventative strategy. New insights into the pathogenesis of NEC, particularly at the cellular and biochemical level, however, offer a rational basis for the development of new approaches to this disease.
A 22-Year Followup of Ileal Conduits in Children with a Neurogenic Bladder

AbstractPreviously, the ileal conduit had been used in children for diversion of urine from the neurogenic bladder to prevent deterioration of the upper urinary tracts and to manage urinary incontinence. Long-term results after ileal conduits in children have revealed upper tract deterioration and a high complication rate. The complications and renal deterioration rates in 139 children with ileal conduits followed up to 22 years were evaluated. Of 224 complications 114 required surgical correction. Upper urinary tract deterioration occurred in 16.5 per cent of 50 children followed for 10 or more years (mean 13.3 years). The ileal conduit has been replaced by clean intermittent catheterization, ureteral reimplantation for reflux, the artificial sphincter and undiversion in the management of neurogenic bladders in children. Long-term followup will be necessary to compare the results of these procedures to the known long-term results of the ileal conduit to determine the appropriate role of the ileal conduit...
Pathophysiology of Diarrhea and its Clinical Implications

In the gastrointestinal tract, ionic balance, fluid absorption, and secretion are vital to maintaining homeostasis, which maintains membrane potential, adequate nutrient intake, normal gut motility, protection against microbes, and epithelial cell viability. This homeostatic state relies on the normal physiological function of the small and large intestinal cells and a complex array of hormonal mechanisms that control gut motility as well as entry and exit of fluid into the gastrointestinal lumen. 8–10 L of fluid passes through the small intestinal lumen daily. It is remarkable that in health, the small intestine absorbs all but 1.5 L and the colon absorbs the rest leaving approximately 100 ml of fluid to be lost in stool. Intestinal ion transport mechanisms play a significant role in determining overall fluid balance in the gut, namely chloride secretion, electroneutral sodium-chloride absorption, and electrogenic sodium absorption. Moreover, a variety of hormones and neurotransmitters are synthesized locally in the intestinal mucosa and modify intestinal ion transport directly by binding to receptors on the basolateral membrane of enterocytes or indirectly via the release of other effectors. In certain pathophysiologic states, the finely-tuned ionic-fluid exchange becomes dysfunctional as a result of the failure of compensatory pro-absorptive/anti-secretory mechanisms. The excessive secretion of sodium and chloride ions followed by the release of a large amount of water into the colonic lumen results in diarrhea. Different pathophysiological mechanisms causing diarrhea, mainly secretory, osmotic, inflammatory, altered intestinal transit, and loss of functional absorptive area, have been elucidated. In various diseases several of these mechanisms, however, often work simultaneously. Diarrheal diseases are a major cause of morbidity and death worldwide, but our understanding of the mechanisms of diarrhea is likely to be the key in advancing progress towards preventing and treating its clinical implications.
O Homem Interior e sua Ação: Jerzy Grotowski e a herança de Adam Mickiewicz e do romantismo polonês

This article locates Grotowski in a concrete cultural milieu of Polish Romanticism and of the lifework of the Romantic poet Adam Mickiewicz. The bulk of my focus goes towards the notion of the deed and the act of doing that dematerialises the work of art turning it into an inner process – all features of Mickiewicz’s and Grotowski’s projects.
Chisholm on Certainty

Chisholm’s writing on the analysis of knowledge has received a great deal of attention in the philosophical literature, and deservedly so, while his writing on the analysis of certainty has received rather less. His contribution to our understanding of certainty is, however, profound and the implications should be noted. To that end, we turn to a discussion of Chisholm’s analysis of certainty and to the philosophical implications thereof. We shall first review the definitions of certainty that Chisholm has proposed from time to time, indicate the common elements, and explain why we think it is important. Simply put, the analysis elucidates the nature of sceptical arguments concerning the certainty of empirical matters. We shall then raise an objection we attribute to a sceptic and propose an amendment, one incorporating a modality. Roughly formulated, Chisholm has proposed that something is certain for a person just in case there is nothing that it is more reasonable for the person to accept; and we propose that this should be modified to read that something is certain for a person just in case there could be nothing that it would be more reasonable for the person to accept. Needless to say, the proposal is in the spirit of the original. We end with a question for Chisholm and confess that our objective is to elicit further remarks about certainty with the certainty that illumination will flow therefrom.
Redfield Treatment of Multipathway Electron Transfer in Artificial Photosynthetic Systems.

Coherence effects on electron transfer in a series of symmetric and asymmetric two-, three-, four-, and five-site molecular model systems for photosystem I in cyanobacteria and green plants were studied. The total site energies of the electronic Hamiltonian were calculated using the density functional theory (DFT) formalism and included the zero point vibrational energies of the electron donors and acceptors. Site energies and couplings were calculated using a polarizable continuum model to represent various solvent environments, and the site-to-site couplings were calculated using fragment charge difference methods at the DFT level of theory. The Redfield formalism was used to propagate the electron density from the donors to the acceptors, incorporating relaxation and dephasing effects to describe the electron transfer processes. Changing the relative energies of the donor, intermediate acceptor, and final acceptor molecules in these assemblies has profound effects on the electron transfer rates as well...
Child Physical Abuse

Child physical abuse is a major public health problem that generally involves acts of physical violence by a parent or carer toward a child. Because physically abusive acts range greatly in intensity and duration, the subsequent mental health consequences vary widely. Treatment must involve the child, parent, and entire family.
Mary E. Godfrey (1913-2007): Penn State’s First African American Full-Time Faculty Member

Art educator Mary Godfrey was notably the first African American full-time faculty member hired at Penn State in 1957. In 2005, however, the extent of Penn State’s archival records on Godfrey consisted of one index card in the Special Collections’ card catalog that read “Godfrey, Mary E.: Retires after 22 yrs of service.” In this article, I address issues around the making of art education histories and the archival representation of contributions to the field by and about marginalized groups. I present findings from a sustained archival study involving the collection and interpretive analysis of Godfrey’s archival papers, eventually accessioned in 2008, and interview data from two dissertation studies. Assuming a role of citizen archivist, I also provide a case for why archives matter, calling for art educators to take responsibility in assisting archivists in furthering the archival mission by contributing to and diversifying the art education historical record.
Airy Wavepackets Accelerating Only in the Spatio-Temporal Domain

We experimentally demonstrate Airy wavepackets accelerating only in the spatio-temporal domain of the localized pulse produced via a two-dimensional pulse shaper. When observed with a slow detector, the Airy wavepacket does not accelerate.
Assessment of Arms Import Policies: Literature Review

Arms transfer policies are generally not aligned between supplier and recipient nations. Hence they involve complex and protracted negotiations and decision making. Decision modeling has been established as an effective method of resolution for such complex scenarios, however, this is a novel approach in arms transfer policy making. In this paper, import policies of recipients are investigated as a required phase for developing a holistic decision model for each side. The objective is to identify policy criteria. For a comprehensive assessment of the arms import policies, a literature review is conducted in multidisciplinary fields of study such as political science, economics, and military science. The results indicate that some topics are field-specific while others, such as diffusions, offsets, and economic considerations are common to multiple disciplines. Hence, a multiple-perspectives approach is applied to include technological, economic, political, industrial, and military (TEPIM) in formulating the decision model for recipients. To conclude, the paper suggests a hierarchical decision model (HDM) framework that incorporates the multiple TEPIM perspectives, their associated criteria, and alternatives to be considered by recipients in making an effective arms import policy. Future research will include a validation process with expert panels to better define the decision model.
Inhibiting Cellular Senescence: A New Therapeutic Paradigm for Age-Related Osteoporosis.

Context With the aging of the population and projected increase in osteoporotic fractures coupled with the declining use of osteoporosis medications, there is a compelling need for new approaches to treat osteoporosis. Given that age-related osteoporosis generally coexists with multiple other comorbidities (e.g., atherosclerosis, diabetes, frailty) that share aging as the leading risk factor, there is growing interest in the "Geroscience Hypothesis," which posits that manipulation of fundamental aging mechanisms will delay the appearance or severity of multiple chronic diseases because these diseases share aging as the underlying risk factor. In this context, one fundamental aging mechanism that has received considerable attention recently as contributing to multiple age-related morbidities is cellular senescence. This mini-review provides an overview on cellular senescence with a focus on its role in mediating age-related bone loss. Methods This summary is based on the authors' knowledge of the field supplemented by a PubMed search using the terms "senescence," "aging," and "bone." Results There is compelling evidence from preclinical models and supportive human data demonstrating an increase in senescent cells in the bone microenvironment with aging. These cells produce a proinflammatory secretome that leads to increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation, and approaches that either eliminate senescent cells or impair the production of their proinflammatory secretome have been shown to prevent age-related bone loss in mice. Conclusions Targeting cellular senescence represents a novel therapeutic strategy to prevent not only bone loss but potentially multiple age-related diseases simultaneously.
Placental CpG methylation of infants born extremely preterm predicts cognitive impairment later in life

Background The placenta is the central regulator of maternal and fetal interactions. Perturbations of placental structure and function have been associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes later in life. Placental CpG methylation represents an epigenetic modification with the potential to impact placental function, fetal development and child health later in life. Study design Genome-wide placental CpG methylation levels were compared between spontaneous versus indicated deliveries from extremely preterm births (EPTBs) (n = 84). The association between the identified differentially methylated CpG sites and neurocognitive outcome at ten years of age was then evaluated. Results Spontaneous EPTB was associated with differential CpG methylation levels in 250 CpG sites (217 unique genes) with the majority displaying hypermethylation. The identified genes are known to play a role in neurodevelopment and are enriched for basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor binding sites. The placental CpG methylation levels for 17 of these sites predicted cognitive function at ten years of age. Conclusion A hypermethylation signature is present in DNA from placentas in infants with spontaneous EPTB. CpG methylation levels of critical neurodevelopment genes in the placenta predicted later life cognitive function, supporting the developmental origins of health and disease hypothesis (DOHaD).
Downhill Running Impairs Activation and Strength of the Elbow Flexors.

AbstractBrandenberger, KJ, Warren, GL, Ingalls, CP, Otis, JS, and Doyle, JA. Downhill running impairs activation and strength of the elbow flexors. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2019—The purpose of this study was to determine if knee extensor injury induced by 1 hour of downhill running attenu
Differentiated Jurisprudence? Examining Students’ Fourth Amendment Court Decisions by Region of Country:

This study examined federal and state court decisions related to student Fourth Amendment rights following the New Jersey v. T.L.O. ruling in 1985. There has been minimal research in judicial treat...
The Role of Retroviruses in Nature

This article reviews the evolution of thinking about the role of retroviruses in Nature. The observations initially suggested that integrated retroviral genomes (retrogenomes) are bona fide cellular genes which can generate the genomes of viral particles. Today, on the basis of several kinds of observation, we recognize that retrogenomes derive from infection of early embryos. Retrogenomes do not perform any crucial role for the organism, except for staving off infection by some retroviruses. The biological significance of retroviruses is that of transposons. They are of a special kind, in which transposition is based on reverse transcription. This characteristic explains their biological effect, from inactivation of genes, to activation and transduction of genes. The cancer-inducing activity is in part related to their activation and transduction of oncogenes, and in part to other biological properties which are briefly discussed. Retrogenomes are in the cellular genome for their own persistence and reproduction. The biological significance of retrogenomes, as well as of other transposons using reverse transcription, is mostly evolutionary.
FLT3: A Prototype Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Target in AML

The receptor tyrosine kinase FLT3 is an important regulatory molecule in hematopoiesis and is expressed on the blasts in most cases of acute leukemia. Activating mutations of this receptor are present in roughly 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients and are associated with a distinctly worse clinical outcome. Efforts to target this mutation and improve outcomes in this subgroup of AML patients have led to the investigation of several novel small-molecule FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These compounds derive from a wide variety of chemical classes and differ significantly in both their potency and selectivity. this review summarizes the data validating FLT3 as a therapeutic target in AML and reviews the results of preliminary clinical trials using these agents for the treatment of AML patients harboring FLT3 mutations.
Impact of Online Weight Management With Peer Coaching on Physical Activity Levels of Adults With Serious Mental Illness

Objective:Many adults with serious mental illness are sedentary and experience significant medical illness burden. This study examined the effectiveness of online weight management with peer coachi...
Higgs troika for baryon asymmetry

To explain the baryon asymmetry of the Universe, we extend the Standard Model (SM) with two additional Higgs doublets with small vacuum expectation values. The additional Higgs fields interact with SM fermions through complex Yukawa couplings, leading to new sources of $CP$ violation. We propose a simple flavor model with $\mathcal{O}(1)$ or smaller Yukawa couplings for quarks and charged leptons, consistent with current flavor constraints. To generate neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry, right-handed neutrinos in the $\ensuremath{\sim}0.1--10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ range couple to the ``Higgs troika.'' The new Higgs doublet masses are at or above the TeV scale, allowing for asymmetric decays into SM lepton doublets and right-handed neutrinos. The asymmetry in lepton doublets is then processed into a baryon asymmetry, similar to leptogenesis. Since the masses of the new fields could be near the TeV scale, there is potentially a rich high energy collider phenomenology, including observable deviations in the 125 GeV Higgs decay into muons and taus, as well as detectable low energy signals such as the electron electric dipole moment or $\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}e\ensuremath{\gamma}$. Hence, this is in principle a testable model for the generation of baryon asymmetry.
Integrating Multimedia Technology into Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language: A Field Study on Perspectives of Teachers in Northern California

This field study investigated the current use of multimedia technology in teaching Chinese as a foreign language in Northern California, as well as the barriers and challenges that TCFL teachers have encountered in their practice. An online survey was developed to collect data from 75 local TCFL teachers in Northern California. Findings indicated that most teachers felt they were competent enough in using multimedia technology. About half of the TCFL teachers had never received formal training on multimedia skills, even though they did not view a lack of training opportunities as a major barrier to multimedia use. The lack of school funding was the most critical factor in hindering teachers’ use of multimedia. The study argues for the need to provide more support to TCFL teachers at the institutional level. More training programs are also needed to prepare teachers for a shift of role from traditional sources of knowledge to facilitators of technology-mediated learning.
Functional Anatomy of the Male Urethra for the Reconstructive Surgeon

While an intimate understanding of the male urethra is important to any practicing urologist, the need is magnified for those performing complex urethral reconstructive surgeries. A close knowledge of blood supply as well as the normal anatomic course of the urethra can have significant implications regarding surgical outcome. Here, we briefly discuss normal penile anatomy and vasculature, as well as outline anatomic considerations when performing stricture assessment and surgical reconstruction.
AGE DIFFERENCES IN THE CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITS OF 2019 BIKE WEEK ATTENDEES IN DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA

Older adults are an important demographic group in the tourism sector, particularly in Florida. This study assessed age-group differences in the characteristics and habits of 2019 Daytona Bike Week attendees, as evidence indicates the average age of bike week visitors is rising. Aging Studies and Hospitality undergraduate students at Bethune-Cookman University interviewed 335 participants using Google Forms on their mobile phones. Results from chi-square tests indicate that there were significant differences between younger (20-39 years), middle-aged (40-59 years) and older adults (60+ years) in terms of gender and income, expenditures on accommodations, type of accommodations, nights spent, and first-time attendance. A greater percentage of older bike week attendees were male and higher income, and were less likely to be first-time attendees. Older adults also tended to spend more on accommodation and stayed longer, and were more likely to stay in Air BnBs, rental homes or a second home/condo compared with younger and middle-aged adults, but were less likely to stay in a hotel/motel or with friends/family. No significant differences were found in expenditures on food, alcohol, gas, entertainment or shopping. Findings suggest that older bike week attendees are important contributors to bike week tourism, particularly with respect to accommodations.
Evaluating Cost Efficiencies in Asset Management and Custody Banks Using Data Envelopment Analysis

As the aging baby boomer generation saves for retirement and demands suitable retirement savings vehicles, the role of asset and custody management banks is growing and the assets under their management are rising. The authors used a data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to evaluate the economies of scale in the asset management and custody bank subindustry of the capital market industry for the period of 2010 to 2017. They measured company size in two ways: total assets under management of the firm and total revenue generated by the firm. The authors evaluated cost efficiencies with cost measured in terms of total expenses, and they evaluated two important components of total expenses: total distribution expenses and general administrative and selling expenses. Using a returns to scale (RTS) DEA model, they found that most asset management firms initially exhibit increasing RTS until they become too large. The trend persisted when general and administrative expenses were evaluated and when total distribution expenses were evaluated. TOPICS:Portfolio management/multi-asset allocation, portfolio construction, wealth management, retirement Key Findings • Initially most asset management firms exhibit increasing returns to scale (IRS) until they become too large. • As companies expand in terms of total assets and total revenues, they do reach a point at which size is too large and cost inefficiencies manifest in the form of decreasing returns to scale. • Whenever asset management and custody banks reach their most productive scale size and begin to experience decreasing returns to scale, they make structural changes by adopting new technologies and/or changes in the processes so that their total operating expenses decline and they can grow again without a proportionate increase in operating costs.
Structural basis of Rgg protein binding to their regulatory pheromones and target DNA promoters

Rgg family proteins, such as Rgg2 and Rgg3, have emerged as primary quorum-sensing regulated transcription factors in Streptococcus species, controlling virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and biofilm formation. Rgg2 and Rgg3 function is regulated by their interaction with oligopeptide quorum-sensing signals called short hydrophobic peptides (SHPs). The molecular basis of Rgg-SHP and Rgg-target DNA promoter specificity was unknown. To close this gap, we determined the cryo-EM structure of Streptococcus thermophilus Rgg3 bound to its quorum-sensing signal, SHP3, and the X-ray crystal structure of Rgg3 alone. Comparison of these structures to that of an Rgg in complex with cyclosporin A (CsA), an inhibitor of SHP-induced Rgg activity, reveals the molecular basis of CsA function. Furthermore, to determine how Rgg proteins recognize DNA promoters, we determined X-ray crystal structures of both S. dysgalactiae Rgg2 and S. thermophilus Rgg3 in complex with their target DNA promoters. The physiological importance of the observed Rgg-DNA interactions was dissected using in vivo genetic experiments and in vitro biochemical assays. Based on these structure-function studies, we present a revised unifying model of Rgg regulatory interplay. In contrast to existing models, where Rgg2 proteins are transcriptional activators and Rgg3 proteins are transcriptional repressors, we propose that both are capable of transcriptional activation. However, when Rgg proteins with different activation requirements compete for the same DNA promoters, those with more stringent activation requirements function as repressors by blocking promoter access of the SHP-bound conformationally active Rgg proteins. While a similar gene expression regulatory scenario has not been previously described, in all likelihood it is not unique to streptococci.
Supporting Autonomous Learning Skills in Developmental Mathematics Courses With Asynchronous Online Resources

Researchers have characterized the challenges many deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students face in postsecondary science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) programs to three domains: ...
Does Rapid Transit and Light Rail Infrastructure Improve Labor Market Outcomes

Public transit has often been proposed as a solution to the spatial mismatch hypothesis but the link between public transit accessibility and employment has not been firmly established in the literature. Los Angeles provides an interesting case study – as the city has transformed from zero rail infrastructure before the 1990s to a network of 103 Metro stations in 2016 consisting of subway, light rail, and bus rapid transit servicing diverse neighborhoods. I use panel data on tracts, treating route placement as endogenous, which is then instrumented by the distance from the centroid of each tract in LA to a hypothetical Metro route. Overall, I find proximity to Metro stations increases labor force participation and employment for residents, which is robust to using both a binary and continuous measure of distance. Additionally, I find evidence that increased job density in neighborhoods near new transit stations is contributing to the employment increase.
Comparison of Cancers Detected by Screening Breast Ultrasound and Digital Breast Tomosynthesis.

Purpose Review of outcomes of screening patients imaged with both digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and screening ultrasound (US) to compare the cancer detection rates and characteristics of cancers detected by the imaging modalities. Material and Methods This retrospective study reviewed a total of 24,787 screening US exams performed in the time period of January 2013 through December 2017. These exams were in patients with heterogeneously dense or extremely dense breast tissue. In this population, 21,220 (86%) had DBT screening mammography. These cases were further reviewed to identify any pathology-proven malignancy detected with US and/or DBT. Results The study cohort consisted of 115 breast cancers in patients having screening US and DBT. Of the 115 cancers, 100 were invasive cancers and 15 were ductal carcinoma in situ: 64/115 were seen on DBT, 9 of which were seen only on DBT, and 106 were seen on US, with 51 seen only on US. The cancer detection rate of DBT only was 0.4/1000 (9/21,220) and 3.0/1000 (64/21,220) for those detected on DBT whether with or without additional US, with detection on US only having an incremental cancer detection rate of 2.4/1000 (51/21,220) above DBT detected malignancies. Differences in DBT-detected lesions and US only lesions when comparing median lesion size, lesion type, tumor type (invasive vs noninvasive) and tumor stage were statistically significant (p = 0.0045, p = 0.0113, p = 0.0003, and p = 0.0153, respectively). Conclusion In review of the outcomes of a screening US program, we found a similar number of breast cancers were detected by DBT and US, and US alone (47.8% vs 44.3%, respectively). Ninety-six percent of the cancers detected by US alone were invasive; 89% of those seen on both modalities were invasive, while most of the breast cancers seen on DBT only were in situ carcinoma. Statistically significant differences between DBT and US, and US alone were found for many lesion characteristics including lesion size, type, tumor size, and tumor stage.
Theorizing beyond the West Special Edition: Subaltern Authors Gird Their Loins

Communication students from the subaltern regions of the world have trudged their way in the darkest of night with respect to the theoretical and methodological thrusts of the communication discipl...
Targeted protein degradation: A promise for undruggable proteins

Protein homeostasis, or "proteostasis," is indispensable for a balanced, healthy environment within the cell. However, when natural proteostasis mechanisms are overwhelmed from excessive loads of dysregulated proteins, their accumulation can lead to disease initiation and progression. Recently, the induced degradation of such disease-causing proteins by heterobifunctional molecules, i.e., PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs), is emerging as a potential therapeutic modality. In the 2 decades since the PROTAC concept was proposed, several additional Targeted Protein Degradation (TPD) strategies have also been explored to target previously undruggable proteins, such as transcription factors. In this review, we discuss the progress and evolution of the TPD field, the breadth of the proteins targeted by PROTACs and the biological effects of their degradation.
The effect of antipsychotic medications on white matter integrity in first-episode drug-naïve patients with psychosis: A review of DTI studies.

Abstract Background Psychotic episodes have been associated with damage to both grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM). Although a recent meta-analysis suggest that in long term treatment, first generation antipsychotics (FGA) are associated with progressive reduction in GM, second generation antipsychotics (SGA) seem to have benefits to WM microstructure. Methods A search was conducted to identify controlled trials published from January 2000 to January 2021, which assessed WM integrity as measured by DTI in drug-naive patients with FEP before and after antipsychotic administration. Results 3 studies met the criteria for inclusion. All studies demonstrated lower FA in psychotic patients vs HC. A 6-week study reported that antipsychotic medication results in a further decrease in FA within the bilateral ACG and right ACR, regions important in emotional processing. An 8-week study found that antipsychotic treatment increase FA in the SLF, resulting in improved symptoms and increased processing speed. A 3rd study found an increase in FA in several regions along with a negative correlation between FA and PANSS at remission. Conclusions Drug-naive FEP patients have WM dysfunction at baseline and antipsychotic medications appear to alter or improve WM especially at remission. More controlled trials are warranted to validate these conclusions.
All Earned Revenue is Not Created Equal: Revenue Embeddedness as a Framework for Exploring Crowding-In/Crowding-Out Effects

Nonprofit organizations increasingly rely on earned revenue to sustain their mission-driven activities. Previous research examining the effects of earned revenue on other income streams tends to study earned revenue in the aggregate. Using panel data from 12,372 organizations from 2010 to 2015, this analysis applies a framework of revenue embeddedness to link earned revenue activities to mission and analyze the effects of earned revenue activities on donations. Earned revenue activities offering new products or services to existing donors appear to complement individual donations. These findings have theoretical and practical applications related to how nonprofits pursue earned revenue.
Short term visual outcomes with extended anti-VEGF therapy intervals for macular edema as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose : The COVID-19 pandemic has placed an unprecedented strain on the modern healthcare system with outpatient providers needing to make significant adjustments in practice patterns in response. Ophthalmologists face unique challenges with limited ability to practice remotely, need for close quarters contact to facilitate routine examination and lack of validated personal protection equipment compatible with standard ophthalmic examination equipment. Macular edema is one common retinal condition necessitating frequent examination and in-office intervention. In this single institution retrospective case series, visual outcomes were reviewed for patients with macular edema previously stabilized by regular intravitreal bevacizumab (IVA) injections that were extended as result of limitations imposed by the pandemic. Methods : Patients with stable macular edema from diabetic disease (DME) or retinal vein occlusion (RVO) were identified. A total of 11 patients (10 DME and 1 RVO, 11 eyes) underwent extended therapeutic interval. Patients were monitored using Snellen visual acuity, clinical examination and macular OCT. Results : The median injection frequency was increased from 42d (range 28-84d) to 84d (range 42-252d) with an average percentage increase in duration between injections of 45%. The number of treatment cycles under extended therapy was between 1-3 cycles. The length of extension was based on a combination of patient preference, logistical limitations and provider clinical judgment. Only one of eleven patients demonstrated recurrence of center-involving edema with extended injection interval. The visual decline in Snellen visual acuity for the affected patient was one line (20/40 to 20/50) without subjective appreciation of decreased vision. The remaining ten patients demonstrated no visual decline with extended therapy. Conclusions : These results suggest that temporary extension of IVA treatment interval leads to neither immediate nor significant visual decline in patients with previously well controlled edema. Long term follow-up is necessary to determine if these patients will remain clinically stable with extended therapy or if there is increased risk of recurrent or recalcitrant edema.
Ethics, Safety, and Autonomous Vehicles

This roundtable explores the ethical and safety implications of the rapidly evolving technology of autonomous vehicles.
A Qualitative Validation of Two Diagrammatic Measures of Attachment Network Structure

Abstract. In two qualitative evaluation studies, we explored the construct validity of two diagrammatic measures of attachment network structure, including the Bull’s Eye diagrammatic technique and...
Innovating for sustainability: a framework for sustainable innovations and a model of sustainable innovations orientation

In an environment characterized by growing awareness of environmental sustainability among various stakeholders in organizations, innovating for sustainability can be expected to grow in importance from the standpoints of organizational legitimacy, reputation, and performance. Relatedly, a firm’s sustainable innovations capabilities as a source of competitive advantage and the sustainability related attributes of a firm’s product offerings as bases for market segmentation, target marketing, positioning, and differentiation can also be expected to grow in importance. The emergence of sustainability as a major driver of innovation highlights a number of important issues that merit investigation, such as potential avenues for sustainable innovation and sustainable product innovation and factors underlying differences between firms in their commitment to a sustainable innovations orientation. In an attempt to gain insights into these issues, this paper presents (1) a conceptual framework delineating potential avenues for sustainable innovations and (2) a conceptual model delineating a number of firm-related and industry-related antecedents of sustainable innovations orientation, along with performance outcomes of sustainable innovations orientation. Implications for theory, research, and practice are discussed.