cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meeting mediator: enhancing group collaborationusing sociometric feedback

We present the Meeting Mediator (MM), a real-time portable system that detects social interactions and provides persuasive feedback to enhance group collaboration. Social interactions is captured using Sociometric badges [17] and are visualized on mobile phones to promote behavioral change. Particularly in distributed collaborations, MM attempts to bridge the gap among the distributed groups by detecting and communicating social signals. In a study on brainstorming and problem solving meetings, MM had a significant effect on overlapping speaking time and interactivity level without distracting the subjects. The Sociometric badges were also able to detect dominant players in the group and measure their influence on other participants. Most interestingly, in groups with one or more dominant people, MM effectively reduced the dynamical difference between co-located and distributed collaboration as well as the behavioral difference between dominant and non-dominant people. Our system encourages change in group dynamics that may lead to higher performance and satisfaction. We envision that MM will be deployed in real-world organizations to improve interactions across various group collaboration contexts.
A protest vote? Users of anti-ageing medicine talk back

While anti-ageing medicine may be defined by efforts to control human aging, individual motivation to utilise anti-ageing medicine proves to be multifaceted. Qualitative, in-depth interviews with 15 people who have used anti-ageing medicine reveal that the turn to anti-ageing medicine may be more about disillusionment with allopathic medicine than it is about controlling bodily aging. By contextualising people's use of anti-ageing medicine within their lifelong body regimen 'careers', and looking closely at the first career sequence, which is characterised by a questioning of tradition - the tradition of allopathic medicine - new perspectives behind the rise of anti-ageing medicine are offered. Shared grievances with mainstream medicine tend to be situated around both the medical delivery and the medical treatment. Rather than reject the values associated with biomedicine, as is often the case with alternative health enthusiasts (Siahpush 1998), those using anti-ageing medicine seek out an 'alternative' biomedicine that they perceive to offer more satisfactory solutions to their problems.
Some results in periodic autoregression

SUMMARY Several properties of a periodic autoregressive process {x8} are examined by considering a related stationary multivariate autoregressive process. The properties of interest include: the representation of x8 as an infinite linear combination of independent, periodically distributed random variables, constraints on the parameters which permit such a representation, the covariance and spectral properties of {x8}, and the asymptotic behaviour of cumulative sums of {x8} and of functions of these sums.
Imaging and therapy of tumors induced to express somatostatin receptor by gene transfer using radiolabeled peptides and single chain antibody constructs

The fields of radioimmunodetection and radioimmunotherapy began with an initial paradigm that a targeting molecule (eg, antibody) carrying a radioisotope had the potential of selectively imaging and delivering a therapeutic dose of radiation to tumor sites. A second paradigm was developed in which injection of the targeting molecule was separated from injection of a short-lived radioisotope-labeled ligand (so-called "pretargeting strategy"). This strategy has improved radioisotope delivery to tumors in animal models, enhanced radioimmune imaging in man, and therapeutic trials are in an early phase. We proposed a third paradigm to achieve radioisotopic localization at tumor sites by inducing tumor cells to synthesize a membrane expressed receptor with a high affinity for infused radiolabeled ligands. The use of gene transfer technology to induce expression of high affinity membrane receptors can enhance the specificity of radioligand localization, while the use of radioisotopes with the ability to deliver radiation damage across several cell diameters will compensate for less than perfect transduction efficiency. This approach was termed "Genetic Radioisotope Targeting Strategy." Using this strategy, induction of high levels of gastrin releasing peptide receptor or human somatostatin receptor subtype 2 expression and selective tumor uptake of radiolabeled peptides was achieved. The advantages of the genetic transduction approach are (1) constitutive expression of a tumor-associated antigen/receptor is not required; (2) tumor cells are altered to express a new target receptor or increased quantities of an existing receptor at levels that may significantly improve tumor targeting of radiolabeled ligands compared with normal tissues; (3) gene transfer can be achieved by intratumoral or regional injection of gene vectors; (4) it is feasible to target adenovirus vectors to receptors overexpressed on tumor cells by modifying adenoviral tropism (binding) so that the virus will be targeted specifically to the desired tumor; and (5) it is possible to coexpress the receptor gene and a therapeutic gene, such as cytosine deaminase, for molecular prodrug therapy to produce an enhanced therapeutic effect.
Effect of efflux pump inhibitors on bile resistance and in vivo colonization of Campylobacter jejuni

Objectives The multidrug efflux pump CmeABC is essential for Campylobacter colonization in animal intestine by mediating bile resistance. The objective of this study is to examine the effect of inhibition of the CmeABC pump by efflux pump inhibitor (EPI) on the susceptibility of Campylobacter to bile salts and to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of two EPIs on the colonization of Campylobacter in a host. Methods Two wild-type Campylobacter jejuni strains and their isogenic cmeB mutants were used to determine the susceptibilities of the strains to various bile salts in the presence of EPI MC-207,110 or MC-04,124. The in vivo effect of the EPIs on the colonization of C. jejuni in a host was evaluated using a chicken model system. Results The presence of EPIs resulted in a 16- to 512-fold reduction in the MICs of bile salts in both C. jejuni strains. Compared with wild-type strains, cmeB mutants displayed much smaller magnitudes of reduction in the MICs of bile salts, indicating that the in vitro effect of the EPI is primarily mediated by the CmeABC efflux pump. Investigation of 21 Campylobacter isolates from various origins further showed that the EPI MC-207,110 decreased bile resistance in all isolates. Single oral administration of EPI (MC-207,110 or MC-04,124) at two different doses reduced colonization of C. jejuni in chickens at 2-4 days post-inoculation only. Oral administration of MC-207,110 for three consecutive days following inoculation of C. jejuni did not result in a more significant reduction in the level of Campylobacter colonization in chickens. Conclusions Inhibition of Campylobacter efflux pumps by EPIs is a potential means for therapeutic intervention to reduce colonization of C. jejuni in humans and animal reservoirs.
Riparian vegetation diversity along regulated rivers: contribution of novel and relict habitats

1. The creation and maintenance of spatial and temporal heterogeneity by rivers flowing through floodplain landscapes has been disrupted worldwide by dams and water diversions. Large reservoirs (novel ecosystems) now separate and isolate remnant floodplains (relict ecosystems). From above, these appear as a string of beads, with beads of different sizes and string connections of varying lengths. 2. Numerous studies have documented or forecast sharp declines in riparian biodiversity in relict ecosystems downstream from dams. Concurrently, novel ecosystems containing species and communities of the former predam ecosystems have arisen along all regulated rivers. These result from the creation of new environments caused by upper reservoir sedimentation, tributary sedimentation and the formation of reservoir shorelines. 3. The contribution of novel habitats to the overall biodiversity of regulated rivers has been poorly studied. Novel ecosystems may become relatively more important in supporting riverine biodiversity if relict ecosystems are not restored to predam levels. The Missouri River of the north-central U.S.A. is used to illustrate existing conditions on a large, regulated river system with a mixture of relict and novel ecosystems.
Industry Clusters and Employment Outcomes in Washington State

A widely used practice in state and local economic and workforce development is to identify and explicitly invest in strategic industry clusters. Economic theory suggests that industry clusters, defined as geographically concentrated groups of firms and supporting institutions in related industries, enhance industry productivity and regional prosperity, relative to nonclustered industries. This concept, although widely used, has been insufficiently evaluated. In particular, questions remain about the extent to which cluster strategies are associated with beneficial outcomes for employees in clustered industries. Using a population-wide panel of individual-level quarterly wage and industry data covering the period 2003-2010 for the state of Washington, this research measures the association of industry cluster membership with the employment status, wage levels, and wage growth rates of individual employees in counties in the state. The mixed results carry implications for strategic investments and job creation efforts by states and local governments across the United States.
Epidemiologic Typing of Salmonella enterica Serotype Enteritidis in a Canada-Wide Outbreak of Gastroenteritis due to Contaminated Cheese

A major Canada-wide outbreak of gastroenteritis due to Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis phage type (PT) 8 occurred in 1998, and this was traced to contaminated cheese in a commercial lunch pack product. Phage typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis linked the clinical and cheese isolates of serotype Enteritidis but failed to differentiate outbreak from nonoutbreak PT 8 strains. Further differentiation was made by biotyping based on melibiose fermentation.
Ulcerative Enteritis-like Disease Associated with Clostridium sordellii in Quail

SUMMARY A natural outbreak of ulcerative enteritis-like disease associated with Clostridium sordellii was diagnosed in two commercial quail flocks. Clinical signs in the quail included anorexia, weakness, and increased mortality in the flocks. Lesions in the intestine were characterized by ulcers covered with fibrinonecrotic exudate in the small intestine and occasional hemorrhages. There were also multifocal pale areas of necrosis in the liver. Clostridium sordellii was isolated from the intestine and liver. A retrospective study of avian cases submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratories revealed that C. sordellii had been isolated in 45 avian submissions, most commonly in chickens and turkeys. In most of these cases the birds were diagnosed with necrotic enteritis, with or without hepatitis. Clostridium sordellii has occasionally been associated with gangrenous dermatitis in poultry, but this is the first report of enteritis in an avian species.
Construction Litigation, U.S. General Services Administration, 1980–2004

This paper presents results from a study analyzing first time litigation brought against the U.S. General Services Administration for the period 1980–2004. Cases were extracted from the general services board of contract appeals and the U.S. Court of Federal Claims decisions. A total of 606 cases were considered from this time period and are characterized by their primary cause. Trend analyses were performed to determine whether the frequency of litigation has increased or decreased. Comparisons are made with similar data sets of Navy Facilities Command and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers projects, and similarities and differences are given. Conclusions are made based on these evaluations concerning the primary causes of litigation among these three agencies, along with recommendations for practitioners.
Effect of sex and obesity on basal VLDL-triacylglycerol kinetics

Background: Plasma fatty acid availability is a major regulator of VLDL-triacylglycerol production. Basal whole-body lipolysis is higher in women than in men and is higher in persons with abdominal obesity than in lean individuals. Objective: Our goal was to determine whether sex and abdominal obesity affect VLDL-triacylglycerol kinetics. We hypothesized that basal VLDL-triacylglycerol production would be greater in women than in men and greater in obese than in lean subjects. Design: VLDL-triacylglycerol kinetics were measured in 20 lean (10 men, 10 women; body mass index, in kg/m 2 :2 3± 1) and 20 abdominally obese (10 men, 10 women; body mass index: 35 ± 1) subjects by using a bolus injection of [ 2 H5]glycerol and compartmental modeling analysis. Results: The rate of VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion was greater in the lean women than in the lean men (5.1 ± 0.7 and 2.6 ± 0.3 � mol · L plasma � 1 · min � 1 , respectively; P < 0.002). Obesity was associated with increased VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion in the men (P < 0.001) but not in the women, which resulted in greater rates of VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion in the obese men than in the obese women (6.8 ± 0.5 and 5.0 ± 0.5 � mol · L plasma � 1 ·m in � 1 , respectively; P < 0.05). The clearance of VLDL-triacylglycerol from plasma was greater (P < 0.05) in the lean women than in the lean men (42 ± 7 and 27 ± 4 mL plasma/min, respectively) or in the obese men and obese women (28 ± 3 and 20 ± 4 mL plasma/min, respectively). The plasma VLDLtriacylglycerol concentration was directly related to the rate of VLDL-triacylglycerol secretion in the men (R 2 = 0.79, P < 0.001) and inversely related to VLDL-triacylglycerol clearance in the women (R 2 = 0.84, P<0.001). Conclusion: Sex and obesity have independent effects on basal VLDL-triacylglycerol kinetics. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;77:573‐9.
Distributed energy sources: needs for analysis and design tools

This paper discusses a number of issues associated with distributed energy sources connected to a backbone distribution system that may operate in parallel or autonomously. Basically, such a system has sources with or without energy storage that interfaced with inverters and operates under nonbalanced conditions. This system has the potential of providing premium power at very high reliability level. However, the two basic operating characteristics place certain requirements on analysis and design tools as well as reliability assessment methodologies. These requirements are discussed in the paper and a number of examples are given.
Proving Facts: Belief versus Probability

Although it comes as a great surprise to most American lawyers and legal scholars, it is commonly assumed by those familiar with civil (non-criminal) trial procedures in both common law and civil law jurisdictions that there is a radical difference between the standards of proof in the two types of jurisdictions.1 Yet, despite the assumed difference and the great practical as well as theoretical significance of the topic, not much is said about the burden of proof in monographs on comparative tort law, and what little is said tends to focus on the allocation of the burden rather than on its content.2
EARLY REPOLARIZATION AND RISK FOR VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS IN PATIENTS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: A META-ANALYSIS

Early repolarization pattern (ERP) has recently been associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death, cardiovascular mortality and ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the general population. However, it is not clear which subgroups of subjects with ERP are at higher risk for events. The aim of
The Researcher's Notebook: Mission and scope

Order and simplification are the first steps toward the mastery of a subject—the actual enemy is the unknown. Thomas Mann, The Magic Mountain (1924), Ch. 5. There are three kinds of lies: lies, damned lies, and statistics. Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield
Laboratory tests of gravity

Experimental tests of gravity are probes for new physics. Theoretical speculations ranging from string theory scenarios to explanations of cosmological phenomena have led to many new experiments. Recent laboratory searches for equivalence principle violations and tests of Newton's 1/r2-law at short distances are reviewed.
Bilevel optimization and machine learning

We examine the interplay of optimization and machine learning. Great progress has been made in machine learning by cleverly reducing machine learning problems to convex optimization problems with one or more hyper-parameters. The availability of powerful convex-programming theory and algorithms has enabled a flood of new research in machine learning models and methods. But many of the steps necessary for successful machine learning models fall outside of the convex machine learning paradigm. Thus we now propose framing machine learning problems as Stackelberg games. The resulting bilevel optimization problem allows for efficient systematic search of large numbers of hyper-parameters. We discuss recent progress in solving these bilevel problems and the many interesting optimization challenges that remain. Finally, we investigate the intriguing possibility of novel machine learning models enabled by bilevel programming.
Benefits of imagery collection for enhancing intelligence gathering

Weather and other environmental data are critical information that affects the decision-making abilities of the warfighter and commanders on the battlefield. Disposable, air-droppable, meteorological tower array (DAMTA) consists of a sensor-based platform that will be dispersed over an area of interest. The data (wind speed, direction, temperature, humidity and barometric pressure) and images from DAMTA are used to enhance the accuracy of the current Army forecast models, provide information on remote areas of the battlefield, provide forecasting for future battlefield operations and gather additional information about out of sector areas. We explored the capabilities imagery brings to DAMTA in future military operations and the integration of DAMTA into future combat systems. We focused on: 1) how imagery can assist specific military operations; 2) the trade-offs, attributes and relationships of imagery; 3) the configuration of the imagery-capturing device and 4) the vulnerabilities of imagery-based devices on sensors in several types of environments. We focus on the system integration tasks and tools used to identify the benefits of imagery collection for enhancing intelligence gathering.
Obstructive Parotitis Secondary to Masseter Muscle Hypertrophy

Results: Three female patients presented with symptoms consistent with obstructive parotitis, including glandular swelling and tenderness with meals and mastication. The 10year-old patient had unilateral facial swelling with mass formation within the masseter muscle and mandible on imaging studies. An acute kinking Stenson’s duct secondary to mass effect could be visualized on salivary endoscopy. The patient’s parotid swelling resolved following debulking of the masseteric space mass that was consistent with fibrous dysplasia on pathological examination. Two patients, ages 49 and 51 years, with bilateral parotid involvement had bilateral masseteric hypertrophy confirmed by imaging and dental wear facets consistent with bruxism on physical examination. Both patients had bilateral kinking of distal Stenson’s duct during jaw closure when visualized with salivary endoscopy. Both patients’ symptoms improved significantly following ultrasound-guided Botox injection of the masseter and nightly use of a bite guard.
Environmental triggers of type 1 diabetes

Abstract: High risk HLA class II alleles account for 40% of the genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in Caucasians, but the majority of the genetically predisposed do not develop the disease. This supports some environmental modification of the autoimmune destruction of β cells that precedes type 1 diabetes. Identical twin studies and geographical variation in incidence also argue for a critical role of environmental factors. Attention has been directed to the possible harmful effect of cow's milk protein (or protective effect of breast-feeding) and enteric infections in early life. Natural history studies that follow children at increased risk of type 1 diabetes provide the best opportunity to study environmental triggers. The Australian Baby Diab Study has followed approximately 500 babies from birth who have a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes. No prospective association between duration of breast-feeding or introduction of cow's milk and the development of islet autoimmunity was found. The same Australian cohort demonstrated a relationship between rotavirus infection and the first appearance or increase in islet antibodies. Enteroviral infection is seen more frequently in prediabetic children and prior to the onset of islet autoimmunity in Finnish cohorts. Environmental factors may interact. Breast milk protects against enteric infections; enteric infections in turn could increase immunity to dietary antigens by increasing intestinal permeability. It is also possible that an alteration in gut mucosal immune function in genetically susceptible individuals underlies any effect of dietary or viral proteins on the development of islet autoimmunity in early life.
Functional consequences of elimination of Ito, f and Ito, s : Early afterdepolarizations, atrioventricular block, and ventricular arrhythmias in mice lacking Kv1.4 and expressing a dominant-negative Kv4 α subunit

It was recently reported that the slow transient outward K(+) current, I(to, s), that is evident in mouse left ventricular septal cells is eliminated in mice with a targeted deletion of the Kv1.4 gene (Kv1.4(-/-)). The rapidly inactivating transient outward K(+) current, I(to, f), in contrast, is selectively eliminated in ventricular myocytes isolated from transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative Kv4 alpha subunit, Kv4.2W362F. Expression of Kv4. 2W362F results in marked prolongation of action potentials and QT intervals. In addition, a slow transient outward K(+) current, that is similar to I(to,s) in wild-type mouse left ventricular septal cells, is evident in all Kv4.2W362F-expressing (left and right) ventricular cells. To test directly the hypothesis that upregulation of Kv1.4 alpha subunit underlies the appearance of this slow transient outward K(+) current in Kv4.2W362F-expressing ventricular cells and to explore the functional consequences of elimination of I(to,f) and I(to,s), mice expressing Kv4.2W362F in the Kv1.4(-/-) background (Kv4.2W362FxKv1.4(-/-)) were generated. Histological and echocardiographic studies revealed no evidence of structural abnormalities or contractile dysfunction in Kv4.2W362FxKv1.4(-/-) mouse hearts. Electrophysiological recordings from the majority (approximately 80%) of cells isolated from the right ventricle and left ventricular apex of Kv4.2W362FxKv1.4(-/-) animals demonstrated that both I(to, f) and I(to,s) are eliminated; action potentials are prolonged significantly; and, in some cells, early afterdepolarizations were observed. In addition, in vivo telemetric ECG recordings from Kv4.2W362FxKv1.4(-/-) animals revealed marked QT prolongation, atrioventricular block, and ventricular tachycardia. These observations demonstrate that upregulation of Kv1.4 contributes to the electrical remodeling evident in the ventricles of Kv4.2W362F-expressing mice and that elimination of both I(to,f) and I(to,s) has dramatic functional consequences.
Ethnobotany of Chia, Salvia hispanica L. (Lamiaceae)

Salvia hispanica L., was an important staple Mesoamerican food and medicinal plant in pre-Columbian times. Unlike other Mesoamerican pseudocereal crops such as Amaranthus and Chenopodium, it has received comparatively little research attention. An ethnobotanical review of this Mesoamerican crop plant Salvia hispanica has been undertaken to examine changes in use accompanying Spanish colonization. A comparative analysis of accounts of use from the 16th century codices of Mexico and subsequent publications has revealed subtle changes in medicinal, culinary, artistic, and religious uses. Several hypotheses surrounding changes in use through time and the original use(s) that led to domestication are developed and tested through collection of ethnobotanical data in the highlands of western Mexico and Guatemala. A general decline in ethnobotanical knowledge associated with wild populations coupled with a loss of habitat in some locations has degraded important germplasm and knowledge resources for a species with great economic potential.
Marketing And Growth Strategies For Emerging Economies: A Case-Study Of Trinidad And Tobago

The intent of this study is to examine the marketing concepts and issues affecting economic development in Trinidad and Tobago as an emerging market. A careful review of literature, combined with the researcher’s personal experience, produced this article demonstrating how marketing can assist economic development in the Trinidad and Tobago economy. The author draws mainly on personal experience and a theoretical framework to show the nature of business practice in Trinidad and Tobago and how changing economic factors have caused the economy to place some emphasis on marketing. This article highlights the benefits to be derived from changing from a production concept to marketing concept and a market-driven economy. Attention is given to three main sectors in the economy; namely, the government, multinational companies and indigenous marketers. The study outlines a marketing-oriented program undertaken by the government to promote economic development and incentives which are being offered to help stimulate marketing in the private sector. It indicates the extent of government involvement with multinationals and shows the advantages of this type of investment. The study concludes that marketing will have to play a much greater role in business activities, especially as an orientation for growth, innovation and future development.
Implicit Gender Bias in State-Sponsored Judicial Performance Evaluations: A Preliminary Analysis of Colorado's JPE System, 2002-2012

The Colorado system of judicial performance evaluations is the Cadillac of JPEs; they spend more money on their system than other states, and their system has been designed by experts. Even still, disparities in the scores of female and male judges persist. These disparities cannot be explained away using objective measures of judicial performance. The gap appears in the attorney survey stage. The commission's recommendations are based largely on the recommendations from these problematic attorney surveys. What's more, the commission adds another layer of gender bias on top of that included in the attorney surveys.
Structure from Motion Using Structure-Less Resection

This paper proposes a new incremental structure from motion (SfM) algorithm based on a novel structure-less camera resection technique. Traditional methods rely on 2D-3D correspondences to compute the pose of candidate cameras using PnP. In this work, we take the collection of already reconstructed cameras as a generalized camera, and determine the absolute pose of a candidate pinhole camera from pure 2D correspondences, which we call it semi-generalized camera pose problem. We present the minimal solvers of the new problem for both calibrated and partially calibrated (unknown focal length) pinhole cameras. By integrating these new algorithms in an incremental SfM system, we go beyond the state-of-art methods with the capability of reconstructing cameras without 2D-3D correspondences. Large-scale real image experiments show that our new SfM system significantly improves the completeness of 3D reconstruction over the standard approach.
The Rehnquist Court's Fifth Amendment Incrementalism

The conventional academic wisdom criticizes the Rehnquist Court's self-incrimination case law as unprincipled, inconsistent, and results-oriented. This essay, originally presented at a George Washington Law Review symposium on the legacy of the Rehnquist Court, challenges that critique. I argue that the Court deserves more credit, both for the merits of its Fifth Amendment decisions and the way that it has reached them. In fits and starts, the Rehnquist Court retreated from both the expansive rationales and results that reached well beyond the Fifth Amendment's text and history. Out of respect for stare decisis, the Court left in place Miranda's warnings but restricted its exclusionary rule and largely declined to extend Miranda. The resulting doctrine is far from neat and theoretically pure, and the Court's sparse reasoning frustrates scholars. Nevertheless, the resulting rules are clear and narrow enough to guide law enforcement without unduly constraining it.Viewed this way, the Rehnquist Court's changes merit praise. Slowly, over time, the Court moved toward a consensus that it might never have reached if it had tried to articulate and rely on divisive grand theories from the start. That consensus was more restrained and better grounded than the Warren Court's forays into the field. It came closer to reflecting the historical theory behind the Fifth Amendment itself. It also seems more in keeping with the judiciary's restrained, incremental role in social change.And yet this stability came at a high price. Ultimately, the piecemeal approach was flawed in other ways. Miranda was a social experiment on a grand scale, and it has failed to yield the results promised. Demolishing the entire Miranda edifice in Dickerson could have spurred legislatures to enact more promising reforms, such as mandatory audio- and videotaping of police interrogations. Leaving it in place as a rigid constitutional rule freezes the flawed status quo in place.
Inhibition of cold agglutinins (anti-I) by M. pneumoniae antigens.

SummaryCAI produced by rabbits challenged with M. pneumoniae (MP), Streptococcus MG (MG) or L. monocytogenes (LM) were inactivated by absorption with those microorganisms or a lipopolysaccharide (LP) fraction thereof. CAI from sera of patients with MP infections were not inactivated by the intact microorganism, but by the LP fraction of MP. CAI from patients with malignant lymphoproliferative disorders was not absorbed by either. An antigenic component of MP is responsible for CAI in MP infections.
The Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality: A Geometric Proof

From high school physics we learn that, given any two nonzero vectors x and y, y is the sum of two vectors ax and z, ax a multiple of x and z perpendicular to x. The calculation is this. Set z = y ax and set 0 = x z = (x * y) a(x * x). The latter equation implies, since x * x : 0, that a = (x * y)/(x * x). Hence we obtain a right triangle with legs ax and z and hypotenuse y. From high school geometry we learn that if two vectors a and b are legs of a right triangle, so that a * b = 0, then the squared length of the hypotenuse a + b is the sum of the squared lengths of the legs a and b. The calculation is this: (a + b) * (a + b) = (a * a) + (b * b) + 2(a * b). Applying our high school geometry to the right triangle supplied by our high school physics, we obtain
Perceived Discrimination and Nocturnal Blood Pressure Dipping Among Hispanics: The Influence of Social Support and Race.

OBJECTIVE Little is known about the relationship of perceived racism to ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) in Hispanics. We explored possible associations between ABP nocturnal dipping and perceived racism in a Hispanic cohort. METHODS Participants included 180 community-dwelling Hispanics from the Northern Manhattan Study. Measures included perceived racism, socioeconomic status, social support, and ABP monitoring. Nocturnal ABP nondipping was defined as a less than 10% decline in the average asleep systolic blood pressure relative to the awake systolic blood pressure. RESULTS Overall, 77.8% of participants reported some form of perceived racism (Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire scores >1.0). Greater social support was associated with less perceived discrimination (Spearman r = -0.54, p < .001). Those with higher perceived discrimination scores reported more depressive symptoms (r = 0.25, p < .001). Those with higher Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire scores were less likely to show nocturnal ABP nondipping in multivariate models (odds ratio = 0.40, confidence interval = 0.17-0.98, p = .045). Among those with low perceived racism, black Hispanic participants were more likely to have nocturnal ABP nondipping (82.6%) compared with white Hispanics (53.9%; p = .02). Among those with high perceived racism, no associations between race and the prevalence of ABP nondipping was found (black Hispanic = 61.5% versus white Hispanic = 51.4%, p = .39; p interaction = .89). CONCLUSIONS Perceived racism is relatively common among US Hispanics and is associated with ABP. Nondipping of ABP, a potential cardiovascular risk factor, was more common in black Hispanic participants with low perceived racism. This finding may reflect different coping mechanisms between black versus white Hispanics and related blood pressure levels during daytime exposures to discrimination.
The Development of the Metric Transformer Online Monitoring System

On the base of the importance of the metric accurateness and the inadequacy of laboratory outline test,the system of the metric transformer online monitoring is designed according to the system design of distribution The measurement principle of the hardware design about PT secondary load,secondary potential ,error and CT secondary load ,error are introduced in detail. The system adopts the synchronous measurement of distribution and includes three layers configurations. Considering the long-range run problem,the measurement system and power are designed using the dependability design. At the present,the system has run in the substation,the measurement data is accurate,credible and practical.
Effect of Perinatal Asphyxia on Kidney Function of Full-Term Newborns

Objective To investigate the effect of perinatal asphyxia on kidney function of full-term newborns.Methods Two hundred and thirty-three cases of full-term newborns with perinatal asphyxia(159 cases were male,and 47 cases were female;gestational weeks was 37-42+5 weeks;average body weight was 3 296 g),were divided into 3 groups:severe asphyxia group(37 cases),mild asphyxia group(100 cases),antepartum asphyxia group(96 cases),according to their Apgar scores and amniotic fluid conditions.One hundred healthy newborns were selected as healthy control group.All their serum creatinine(Scr) was measured by using sarcosine oxidase method and creatinine clea-rance(Ccr) was estimated by adopting Swatch formula.Results There were significant differences of Scr and Ccr between perinatal asphyxia group and healthy control group.Among perinatal asphyxia groups,there was only a significant difference of Ccr between severe asphyxia group and antepartum asphyxia group,and there was no statistic difference of Ccr and Scrc between severe asphyxia group,mild asphyxia group,and antepartum asphyxia group.Their Scr of 144 cases within 233 newborn infants with perinatal asphyxia exceed 50% compared with that in healthy control group,conforming to acute kidney injury,including 27 cases of severe asphyxia group,64 cases of mild asphyxia group,and 53 cases in antepartum asphyxia group.One hundred and twenty-nine cases improved,improvement rate was 89.58%(129/144 cases),including 85.19% in severe asphyxia group(23/27 cases),89.06% in mild asphyxia group(57/64 cases),92.45% in antepartum asphyxia group(49/53 cases).One case died,14 cases gave up treatment due to serious pathogenetic condition,unfavourable prognosis rate was 10.42%.Conclusions Once there was perinatal asphyxia,part of full-term newborns,whose glomerular filtration rate was decreased,had acute abnormal renal function in different degrees,even if it was not consistent with the diagnosis of acute renal insufficiency due to anoxia and ischemia.Acute renal injury should be considered and diagnosis should be done as early as possible.Improvement of hypoxia status can prevent the deterioration of renal function and can decrease mortality rate.
Topical and Systemic Therapies for Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis

Topical therapies are the most commonly prescribed agents for psoriasis, owing to their accessibility, relative safety, and rapid onset of action. However, topical therapies, such as corticosteroids, vitamin D analogs, tazarotene, and non-steroidal immunomodulators, have significant limitations. Their use as monotherapy for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis has largely been replaced by newer, more effective systemic therapies. Nevertheless, topical medications can be highly effective when used appropriately for mild psoriasis or as adjunctive therapy for other systemic treatments. Phototherapy, one of the oldest forms of treatment, remains an important and highly efficacious treatment for psoriasis. Oral systemic medications used in the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis include methotrexate, cyclosporine, and acitretin. Newer oral medications and off-label medications such as apremilast, tofacitinib, and hydroxyurea round out the list of treatments that can be used to manage challenging psoriasis patients.
Die ATOK-Komponente

In diesem Kapitel wird die Allgemeine Transaktionsorientierte Kommunikationskomponente (Abk. ATOK-Komponente) beschrieben. Mit dieser Komponente wird das Ziel verfolgt, eine geeignete Grundlage fur eine effiziente Implementierung eines moglichst breiten Spektrums von VTOAS zu schaffen. Daher wird bei den von der ATOK-Komponente angebotenen Primitiven der Schwerpunkt auf Allgemeinheit und Flexibilitat gelegt. Wahrend die von der TM-Komponente des Kerns bereitgestellten Primitiven auf ein bestimmtes Transaktionsmodell zugeschnitten sind, sind die ATOK-Primitiven zur Realisierung von Systemen mit beliebigen Transaktionsmodellen geeignet.
Molecular beam epitaxy of the van der Waals heterostructure MoTe 2 on MoS 2 : phase, thermal, and chemical stability

(Sub)monolayer MoTe2 is grown by molecular beam epitaxy on a bulk MoS2 substrate. The film morphology, the thermally induced transformation of structural and compositional phases, as well as the chemical stability upon exposure to atmosphere are investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and photoemission spectroscopy. Predominantly, semiconducting α-MoTe2 islands are obtained under tellurium rich growth conditions and a substrate temperature of 200 °C. Under less tellurium-rich conditions, elongated and meandering MoTe2−x strands are formed rather than compact islands. Similarly, annealing of initial α-MoTe2 islands to above 500 °C causes the loss of tellurium and possibly transformation into the same MoTe2−x strands. Consequently, under vacuum conditions the the transformation of α-MoTe2 monolayers into the semimetallic β -MoTe2 high temperature phase is accompanied by a loss of Te and formation of MoTe2−x phase. The obtained tellurium deficient MoTe2−x phase is almost metallic but a small band gap of a few tens meV remains. The as-grown α-MoTe2 islands exhibit a moire structure with ~2.6 nm periodicity. This periodicity implies a rotation of ~56° between the MoTe2 and MoS2. We assign the observation of a specific rotation angle for the grown MoTe2 islands with respect to the MoS2 substrate to the lowest energy adsorption configuration for MoTe2 monolayers on MoS2 substrates. Exposure of the as grown films to atmosphere results in oxidation of the MoTe2 film. The oxidized film maintains the two-dimensional island morphology of the initial film and thus is a candidate for a 2D (amorphous) oxide layer on MoS2.
Chemical Studies of Carbon Tetrachloride Transformation by Pseudomonas stutzeri Strain KC

Carbon tetrachloride (CT) is a toxic, carcinogenic compound which was widely used in the past as a solvent, degreaser, fumigant, and fire extinguisher. As a result of earlier disposal practices, CT is now found in groundwater. Probably the most extensive example of groundwater contamination can be found at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation operated by the U.S. Department of Energy in south-central Washington state (Illman, 1993). An estimated 1000 metric tons of CT was disposed of into unlined cribs over a 20-year period. CT has percolated through the vadose zone, contaminating groundwater over 250 feet below the surface. The plume of contamination extends over approximately 7 square miles and is migrating toward the Columbia River, only a few miles away.
The dimensionality of scene appearance

Low-rank approximation of image collections (e.g., via PCA) is a popular tool in many areas of computer vision. Yet, surprisingly little is known justifying the observation that images of an object or scene tend to be low dimensional, beyond the special case of Lambertian scenes. This paper considers the question of how many basis images are needed to span the space of images of a scene under real-world lighting and viewing conditions, allowing for general BRDFs. We establish new theoretical upper bounds on the number of basis images necessary to represent a wide variety of scenes under very general conditions, and perform empirical studies to justify the assumptions. We then demonstrate a number of novel applications of linear models for scene appearance for Internet photo collections. These applications include, image reconstruction, occluder-removal, and expanding field of view.
Cementum structure in Beluga whale teeth.

Abstract A large fraction of the volume of Beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) teeth consists of cementum, a mineralized tissue which grows throughout the life of the animal and to which the periodontal ligaments attach. Annular growth bands or growth layer groups (GLGs) form within Beluga cementum, and this study investigates GLG structure using X-ray fluorescence mapping and X-ray diffraction mapping with microbeams of synchrotron radiation. The Ca and Zn fluorescent intensities and carbonated hydroxyapatite (cAp) diffracted intensities rise and fall together and match the light-dark bands visible in transmitted light micrographs. Within the bands of maximum Ca and Zn intensity, the ratio of Zn to Ca is slightly higher than in the minima bands. Further, the GLG cAp, Ca and Zn modulation is preserved throughout the cementum for durations >25 year. Statement of significance Cementum is an important tooth tissue to which the periodontal ligaments attach and consists primarily of carbonated apatite mineral and collagen. In optical microscopy of cementum thin sections, light/dark bands are formed annually, and age at death is determined by counting these bands. We employ synchrotron X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence mapping to show the bands in Beluga whale cementum result from differences in mineral content and not from differences in collagen orientation as was concluded by others. Variation in Zn fluorescent intensity was found to be very sensitive indicator of changing biomineralization and suggest that Zn plays an important role this process.
Naturalised modal epistemology

The metaphysics of necessity and possibility has flourished in the last half-century, but much less attention has been paid to the question of how we know what can be the case and what must be the case. Many friends of modal metaphysics and many enemies of modal metaphysics have agreed that while empirical discoveries can tell us what is the case, they cannot shed much light on what must be the case or on what non-actual possibilities there are. In this paper, in contrast, I discuss and defend naturalistic approaches to discovering the facts about necessity and possibility. After some remarks about what methodological naturalism in philosophy might amount to, I argue that naturalistic method in modal investigations may not need to be particularly revisionary of much of what is currently being done in modal investigation. I then discuss a number of respects in which a naturalistic orientation in modal investigation may improve on our current epistemic situation.
Introduction: The Cycler Nature of US Foreign Policy

Thomas Henriksen lays out clearly the twenty-first-century case for perceiving alternating cycles in American foreign policy since the collapse of the Berlin Wall in 1989. These pendulum-like swings, moving between periods of international extroversion and introversions, were executed by the four post-Iron Curtain US presidents. Engagement-cycle presidents resorted to military power and diplomatic pressure against other powers. Disengagement-cycle presidents retrenched from international entanglements while relying on normal economic and political interaction. During the Cold War, two American academics built on the scholarship and observations of classical, medieval, and modern scholars to declare the cycler nature of international relations. They are Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. who wrote The Cycles of American History and Frank L. Klingberg who published Cyclical Trends in American Foreign Policy Moods.
The feasibility of genome-scale biological network inference using Graphics Processing Units.

Systems research spanning fields from biology to finance involves the identification of models to represent the underpinnings of complex systems. Formal approaches for data-driven identification of network interactions include statistical inference-based approaches and methods to identify dynamical systems models that are capable of fitting multivariate data. Availability of large data sets and so-called ‘big data’ applications in biology present great opportunities as well as major challenges for systems identification/reverse engineering applications. For example, both inverse identification and forward simulations of genome-scale gene regulatory network models pose compute-intensive problems. This issue is addressed here by combining the processing power of Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and a parallel reverse engineering algorithm for inference of regulatory networks. It is shown that, given an appropriate data set, information on genome-scale networks (systems of 1000 or more state variables) can be inferred using a reverse-engineering algorithm in a matter of days on a small-scale modern GPU cluster.
Teaching about Ferguson: An Introduction

This forum wAs orgAnized around the idea of asking feminist scholars to reflect on the practice of teaching about racial violence as well as on the experiences of teaching in the midst of racial violence. What do feminist pedagogies centered on Ferguson and its aftermath look like? How do we present the various forms of violence —including state action (in the case of murder) and state inaction (in the case of nonindictments) — that produce and uphold the conditions that mark the current situation? How do we bring our feelings about this moment into our classrooms, and how do we do this feeling-teaching in ways that attend to the fact that feminist scholars are endlessly called on to perform affective labor and also that racialized and gendered bodies’ affects are policed inside and outside of the academy? What happens if we refuse the composure that faculty bodies are supposed to perform and enact grief, rage, or sadness? What happens if we refuse performing anything but exhaustion, numbness, or a protective desire to shield our bodies from our students’ scrutiny or curiosity? It quickly became apparent that a forum focused on “feminist pedagogies of Ferguson” would be far more expansive than a conversation focused on how to teach about Ferguson; put simply, to speak about Ferguson is always to speak about more than Ferguson. “Ferguson” has become shorthand for a murdered young man, Michael Brown, for a grand jury’s nonindictment of the police officer who shot him, and for