cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
One- vs Two-Burr-Hole Technique for Combined Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy and Pineal Region Biopsy: Volumetric Analysis of Brain at Risk.

BACKGROUND Pineal region tumors are associated with the ventricular system. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is often performed at the same time as tumor biopsy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the volume of brain possibly undergoing injury and forniceal stretching during ETV and tumor biopsy. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of preoperative magnetic resonance imagings (MRIs) and computed tomography (CTs) of patients with pineal region masses and used volumetric image-guided navigation to simulate a 1-burr-hole vs a 2-burr-hole approach through the brain parenchyma. We compared the volumes of parenchyma and fornix at the risk of injury. RESULTS The ideal entry point for ETV using 2 burr holes was a mean ± standard deviation (SD) of 25.8 ± 6 mm from the midline and 11.4 ± 9 mm behind the coronal suture. The ideal entry point using 2 burr holes for tumor biopsy was 25.7 ± 8 mm from the midline and 53.7 ± 14 mm anterior to the coronal suture. With 1 burr hole, the mean ± SD volume of brain parenchyma at risk was 852 ± 440 mm3. The volume of brain parenchyma at risk with 2 burr holes was 2159 ± 474 mm3 (P < .001; paired t-test). The use of 1 burr hole predisposed the fornix to 14 ± 3 mm of possible stretch, which was minimized with the 2-burr-hole approach. CONCLUSION Using 1 burr hole for both the ETV and tumor biopsy is less likely to traumatize the brain parenchyma than using 2 burr holes. However, 1 burr hole predisposes the fornix to stretch injury. We recommend tailoring the entry to each patient according to their anatomy rather than using a 1-size-fits-all approach.
Identification of challenges and a framework for implementation of the AMP/ASCO/CAP classification guidelines for reporting somatic variants.

Abstract Objectives In 2017, AMP, ASCO and CAP jointly published the first formalized classification system for the interpretation and reporting of sequence variants in cancer. The challenges of incorporating new variant interpretation guidelines into existing, validated workflows have likely hampered adoption and implementation in labs with classification methods in place. Ambiguity in assigning clinical significance across guidelines is grounded in differential weighting of evidence used in variant assessment. Therefore, we undertook an internal process-improvement exercise to correlate the two classification schemes using historical laboratory data. Design and methods Existing clinical variant assignments from 40 consecutive oncology cases comprising 150 somatic variants were re-assessed according to the 2017 AMP/ASCO/CAP scheme. Approximately 50% of these were cancers of the gynecologic tract. Results Our laboratory-developed (GPS) classifications for ‘actionable’ variants and variants of uncertain clinical significance mapped consistently with the AMP/ASCO/CAP Tiers I-III. The majority of Level 1 variants were reclassified to Tier I (21/25; 84%) while all Level 2 and Level 4 variants were assigned to Tier II (9/9; 100%) and Tier III (17/17; 100%), respectively. The greatest variability was seen for GPS Level 3 variants, which was strongly influenced by TP53 interpretations. Ultimately, we found that most GPS Level 3 variants were classified as Tier III (77/99; 77.8%). Conclusions Our internally developed 5-level classifications mapped consistently with the proposed AMP/ASCO/CAP 4-Tiered system. As a result of this analysis, we can provide a framework for other labs considering a similar transition to the 2017 AMP/ASCO/CAP guidelines and a rationale for explaining specific discrepancies.
Evaluating the Impact of Pulmonary Artery Obstruction After Lung Transplant Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background Pulmonary artery obstruction is an uncommon but significant complication after lung transplantation. Although numerous reports have documented its occurrence, the hemodynamic parameters associated with its presentation and diagnostic considerations remain ill-defined. This systematic review summarizes evidence in the literature surrounding pulmonary artery obstruction after lung transplantation surgery. Methods Databases were searched for all articles and abstracts reporting on pulmonary artery obstruction. Data collected included the number of patients studied, patient characteristics, incidences of pulmonary artery obstruction, and timing and imaging modality used for diagnosis. Results Thirty-four full-text citations were included in this review. The point prevalence of pulmonary artery obstruction was 3.66%. The peak pulmonary artery velocity associated with obstruction was found to be 2.60 ± 0.58 m/s. The diameter of the obstructed pulmonary artery predictive of poor outcomes was noted to be 0.78 ± 0.40 cm. The majority of diagnoses were made in the late postoperative period using pulmonary angiogram and transesophageal echocardiography. Overall, 76% of patients (47 of 62) required emergent procedural reintervention, and 23% of patients (14 of 62) diagnosed with pulmonary artery obstruction died during their hospital stay. Conclusions This systematic review underscores the importance of identifying pulmonary artery obstruction immediately after lung transplant surgery. The clinical implications of these results warrant the development of identification and management strategies for early detection of irregularities in pulmonary artery anastomosis in lung transplant patients.
(Re-)Imag(in)ing Price Trends

We reconsider the idea of trend-based predictability using methods that flexibly learn price patterns that are most predictive of future returns, rather than testing hypothesized or pre-specified patterns (e.g., momentum and reversal). Our raw predictor data are images—stock-level price charts—from which we elicit the price patterns that best predict returns using machine learning image analysis methods. The predictive patterns we identify are largely distinct from trend signals commonly analyzed in the literature, give more accurate return predictions, translate into more profitable investment strategies, and are robust to a battery of specification variations. They also appear context-independent: Predictive patterns estimated at short time scales (e.g., daily data) give similarly strong predictions when applied at longer time scales (e.g., monthly), and patterns learned from US stocks predict equally well in international markets.
Mental health therapists' perceived barriers to addressing intimate partner violence and suicide.

Introduction Intimate partner violence (IPV) and suicide are pressing public health issues, yet their intersection in mental health care settings is understudied. We conducted a qualitative study to characterize mental health therapists' personal and system barriers in preparation for an upcoming training curriculum seeking to help patients address these interconnected issues. Method We partnered with an urban community mental health center in New York to facilitate focus groups grounded in community-based participatory research principles. Twenty-three therapists formed 3 focus groups. Participant responses were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded using Bronfenbrenner's socioecological model. We performed a primary qualitative framework analysis, coding for therapist barriers in addressing the intersection of IPV-suicide at individual, relational, community, and societal levels. Results Therapists perceived numerous barriers in all 4 domains. Individually, some struggled with feelings of helplessness and a lack of appropriate training. At the relational level, therapists expressed apprehension about harming the therapeutic relationship by discussing IPV and suicide at length. From a community perspective, therapists voiced concerns for clients' limited local access to support systems and financial resources. Societal barriers included policy-related limitations such as length of appointment times. Discussion Community mental health center therapists face considerable barriers working with patients affected by IPV and suicide. The socioecological model is a fitting framework for understanding multisystem barriers at individual, relational, community, and societal levels. A better understanding of these challenges is critical for advancing therapist education, enhancing patient outcomes, and improving health systems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Use of rotational angiography in congenital cardiac catheterisations to generate three-dimensional-printed models.

Background Three-dimensional printing is increasingly utilised for congenital heart defect procedural planning. CT or MR datasets are typically used for printing, but similar datasets can be obtained from three-dimensional rotational angiography. We sought to assess the feasibility and accuracy of printing three-dimensional models of CHD from rotational angiography datasets. Methods Retrospective review of CHD catheterisations using rotational angiography was performed, and patient and procedural details were collected. Imaging data from rotational angiography were segmented, cleaned, and printed with polylactic acid on a Dremel® 3D Idea Builder (Dremel, Mount Prospect, IL, USA). Printing time and materials' costs were captured. CT scans of printed models were compared objectively to the original virtual models. Two independent, non-interventional paediatric cardiologists provided subjective ratings of the quality and accuracy of the printed models. Results Rotational angiography data from 15 catheterisations on vascular structures were printed. Median print time was 3.83 hours, and material costs were $2.84. The CT scans of the printed models highly matched with the original digital models (root mean square for Hausdorff distance 0.013 ± 0.003 mesh units). Independent reviewers correctly described 80 and 87% of the models (p = 0.334) and reported high quality and accuracy (5 versus 5, p = NS; κ = 0.615). Conclusion Imaging data from rotational angiography can be converted into accurate three-dimensional-printed models of CHD. The cost of printing the models was negligible, but the print time was prohibitive for real-time use. As the speed of three-dimensional printing technology increases, novel future applications may allow for printing patient-specific devices based on rotational angiography datasets.
Education populism? A corpus-driven analysis of Betsy DeVos’s education policy discourse

Scholars of political economy have raised the question of whether recent populist movements around the world signal the decline of neoliberal hegemony. What would such a decline mean for education policy, an arena that has been dominated by a neoliberal common sense for several decades? This study investigates the policy discourse of former U.S. President Donald Trump’s Secretary of Education, Betsy DeVos, in order to assess the extent to which it aligns with the neoliberal common sense or draws upon discourses of populism that have been gaining traction in the last few years. Using methods of corpus linguistics, I engage in a critical discourse analysis of 59 of DeVos’s public speeches delivered between 2017 and 2019 in comparison with a reference corpus of speeches delivered by DeVos’s predecessors in the George W. Bush and Barack Obama administrations. The findings, informed by Ernesto Laclau’s theory of populism as political logic and discourse, suggest that DeVos deploys several features of populist discourse even as she advocates policies that are characteristically neoliberal. I consider the implications of this discourse for education policy in the US.
Scalable Label Propagation for Multi-relational Learning on the Tensor Product of Graphs

Multi-relational learning on knowledge graphs infers high-order relations among the entities across the graphs. This learning task can be solved by label propagation on the tensor product of the knowledge graphs to learn the high-order relations as a tensor. In this paper, we generalize a widely used label propagation model to the normalized tensor product graph, and propose an optimization formulation and a scalable Low-rank Tensor-based Label Propagation algorithm (LowrankTLP) to infer multi-relations for two learning tasks, hyperlink prediction and multiple graph alignment. The optimization formulation minimizes the upper bound of the noisy tensor estimation error for multiple graph alignment, by learning with a subset of the eigen-pairs in the spectrum of the normalized tensor product graph. We also provide a data-dependent transductive Rademacher bound for binary hyperlink prediction. We accelerate LowrankTLP with parallel tensor computation which enables label propagation on a tensor product of 100 graphs each of size 1000 in less than half hour in the simulation. LowrankTLP was also applied to predicting the author-paper-venue hyperlinks in publication records, alignment of segmented regions across up to 26 CT-scan images and alignment of protein-protein interaction networks across multiple species. The experiments demonstrate that LowrankTLP indeed well approximates the original label propagation with better scalability and accuracy.
Silent Myocardial Infarction and Stroke Risk: We Should Be Listening.

For many years, stroke has been recognized as a coronary risk equivalent.1 This means that patients with a previous ischemic stroke are at sufficiently high risk for cardiac ischemic events over the next decade that they warrant intensive medical management. This includes antithrombotic therapy, high-potency statins, blood pressure control, and treatment of lifestyle factors such as smoking, diet, and physical activity.2
Hybrid Transtibial Femoral Preparation for Transphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Radiographic Comparison With the Transtibial and Anteromedial Portal Techniques.

Background:Transphyseal anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction remains the most commonly used technique for pubescent patients. The principles of creating vertical and central femoral tunn...
Benzyl alcohol toxicity: impact on neurologic handicaps among surviving very low birth weight infants.

Benzyl alcohol preservative in solutions used to flush intravascular catheters has been linked with increased mortality and incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage in small preterm infants. This study evaluated the outcome of surviving very low birth weight infants exposed to benzyl alcohol while in our neonatal intensive care unit. Surviving infants, less than 1,250 g birth weight, admitted during the 12 months prior to discontinuation of benzyl alcohol (period I), were compared with those infants admitted during the 12 months after discontinuation of benzyl alcohol (period II). Survivors were enrolled in a follow-up program. Results of the study demonstrated that infants from period II had fewer neurologic handicaps. The incidence of cerebral palsy decreased from 50% to 2.4% (P less than .001), and the presence of cerebral palsy and developmental delay combined decreased from 53.9% to 11.9% (P less than .001). Several factors other than benzyl alcohol exposure were examined for their importance on outcome but were found not to be related to it. It is concluded that the dramatic improvement in outcome could be the result of discontinuation of benzyl alcohol.
Distribution among sample test results when testing shelled corn lots for fumonisin.

The statistical distribution known as the compound gamma function was studied for suitability in describing the distribution of sample test results associated with testing lots of shelled corn for fumonisin. Thirty-two 1.1 kg test samples were taken from each of 16 contaminated lots of shelled corn. An observed distribution consisted of 32 sample fumonisin test results for each lot. The mean fumonisin concentration, c, and the variance, s 2 , among the 32 sample fumonisin test results along with the parameters for the compound gamma function were determined for each of the 16 observed distributions. The 16 observed distributions of sample fumonisin test results were compared with the compound gamma function using the Power Divergence test. The null hypothesis that the observed distribution could have resulted from sampling a family of compound gamma distributions was not rejected at the 5% significance level for 15 of the 16 lots studied. Parameters of the compound gamma distribution were calculated from the 32-fumonisin sample test results using the method of moments. Using regression analysis, equations were developed that related the parameters of the compound gamma distribution to fumonisin concentration and the variance associated with a fumonisin test procedure. An operating characteristic curve was developed for a fumonisin sampling plan to demonstrate the use of the compound gamma function.
RF circuit performance degradation due to hot carrier effects and soft breakdown

A methodology to systematically study hot carrier and soft breakdown effects on RF circuits is proposed, and verified with a 2.45GHz low noise amplifier (LNA) and a 1GHz voltage controlled oscillator (VCO). MOSFETs of 0.16 /spl mu/m technology are stressed, and DC and RF parameters are extracted and used for BERT and SpectreRF simulations to give RF circuit performance degradations due to HC and SBD effects with respect to operation time. Design guidelines for more reliable RF circuits are given after simulation and analysis.
An Integral - Interpolatory Iterative Method for the Solution of Non- Linear Scalar Equations

This paper deals with the iterative solution of non-linear equations f(x) = 0. We consider integral information on f which is given by f(x Q),f•(x Q),...,f ( s ) ( X q) and J°f(t)dt. We define an intery polatory-integral method which uses integral information and which has maximal order of convergence equal to s+3. Since the maximal order of iterations which use f ( x Q ) , . . . , f ( s } ( x ) is equal to s+1 , the additional information given by the integral J f(t)dt increases the order by two.
Military Perspectives on Public Relations Related to Environmental Issues

Environmental management decisions on United States military lands are becoming increasingly important. We used qualitative methods to explore military perceptions on building and maintaining relationships with their local communities related to environmental issues. Informants believed that 2-way public relations (PR) were effective ways to build, improve, and manage relationships, but practiced 1-way PR. Perceived barriers to 2-way PR included lack of public interest, leadership turnover, and security concerns, which were considered unique to military contexts. We highlight how these findings contribute to scholarship on environmental public participation and relational models of PR, and offer recommendations for improving military conservation efforts and the relationships between installations and communities.
The central role of follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the role of follicular dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. Characteristic features of primary and secondary lymphoid follicles are follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) that are not found in any other human organ. FDCs were first described as a nonlymphoid population of embryonic nonphagocytic reticulum cells. Other names for FDCs have been used in the past, for example, dendritic reticulum cells (DRCs), follicular dendritic reticulum cells, antigen-retaining reticular cells, follicular antigen-binding dendritic cells, and dendritic macrophages. FDCs are considered as having a passive role in the function of the germinal center. It is characterized as nonphagocytic cells that capture and retain complexes of antigen, antibodies, and C3 on their cell surface. By expressing antigen–antibody complexes and a large number of cell–cell and cellmatrix molecules, FDCs were shown to regulate normal B cell function. There is growing evidence that FDCs could be important constituents of the malignant counterpart of the germinal center. In addition, FDCs were demonstrated to be the target cells in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-related lymphadenopathy. These data can be integrated into a concept of FDCs as the key component of the germinal center microenvironment. FDCs demonstrate a unique antigen pattern by co-expressing myeloid and B cell markers.
Bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion

This randomized, controlled study evaluated the bioavailability of phylloquinone from an intravenous lipid emulsion. A mild vitamin K deficiency was induced in 12 healthy adult men and women by dietary restriction of phylloquinone (40 microg/d, days 1-11) and by administration of warfarin (1.0 mg/d, days 5-11). On day 11, subjects received a 500-mL intravenous solution of either lipid or saline, both of which contained 154 microg phylloquinone. Bioavailability was assessed by serial measurements of plasma phylloquinone, vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide. PIVKA-II (proteins induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II), and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin. As a result of vitamin K deficiency and minidose warfarin, vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide, PIVKA-II, and percentage undercarboxylated osteocalcin increased significantly between days 1 and 11 (P = 0.05, 0.016, and 0.001, respectively). With the infusions, plasma phylloquinone increased in both groups (P = 0.001). After the infusions vitamin K,-2,3-epoxide decreased in both groups (P = 0.002). Changes in plasma phylloquinone and vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide were no different in the two groups (mean areas under the curves +/- SEM: 116+/-13 nmol x h/L for the saline group and 102+/-20 nmol x h/L for the lipid group for phylloquinone; 38.6+/-7.5 nmol x h/L for the saline group and 31.3+/-9.0 nmol x h/L for the lipid group for vitamin K1-2,3-epoxide). PIVKA-II decreased significantly from baseline values (P = 0.005) in both groups after the infusions. Intravenous lipid reversed the effects of minidose warfarin and of dietary restriction of phylloquinone on hemostasis and vitamin K nutritional status. This reversal was no different from that seen with the infusion of phylloquinone in a saline solution.
Gender and technological hazards: women at risk in hospital settings

In this paper, we describe and analyze hospitals as dangerous places to work. We summarize into four major areas the technological and social hazards to which health care workers are exposed: physi...
Correlation between aroma and volatile composition of McIntosh apples.

The relationship between aroma and volatile composition of McIntosh apples was investigated. Significant correlations were found between aroma qualities determined organoleptically by a trained panel and by GLC. Unripe apples contained low levels of all volatiles and exhibited grassy and green aroma notes. C-6 aldehydes correlated with overall aroma intensity, ripeness, and fruity and aromatic notes. Esters correlated with a cheesy aroma note. Overripeness correlated with esters and total peaks in unstored but not in stored apples. The GLC peak groups which previously were found to correlate with physical and chemical properties related to maturity in unstored McIntosh apples also correlated with aroma.
Combination chemotherapy in the treatment of follicular low-grade lymphoma.

The therapeutic approach to patients with follicular low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is controversial and has varied over a wide spectrum. A “watch and wait” approach in asymptomatic patients has been taken in some studies. In other series, single agent therapy with alkylating agents as cy-clophosphamide or chlorambucil has been employed. Response rates including complete responses are high, but relapses inevitably occur. Three-drug combination chemotherapy regimens consisting of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (CVP) have been utilized, in addition to more intensive regimens consisting of four or more drugs. Although responses are commonly achieved, there is no consistent survival advantage conferred by these more aggressive regimens. However, the remission duration may be prolonged in some subsets of patients as those with follicular mixed lymphoma. Due to the prolonged natural history of follicular low-grade lymphoma, a long period of follow-up is necessary to adequately evaluate the impa...
Multicultural education in the mental health professions: A meta-analytic review

The American Psychological Association and many other professional mental health organizations require graduate programs to provide education in multicultural issues. However, the effectiveness of multicultural education has been debated in the literature over the past several years. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of multicultural education using meta-analytic methodologies. Findings revealed that multicultural education interventions were typically associated with positive outcomes across a wide variety of participant and study characteristics. Multicultural education interventions that were explicitly based on theory and research yielded outcomes nearly twice as beneficial as those that were not. Priorities for future inquiry are enumerated, and increased institutional support for multicultural education initiatives is solicited.
Enhancing Virtual Reference: Techniques and Technologies to Engage Users and Enrich Interaction

Virtual reference service has become ubiquitous in academic libraries. The increased adoption of chat technology brings to light some of the challenges of providing high-quality reference service. The lack of a personal connection, increased transaction time, and technical problems are often cited. Techniques, such as conducting a reference interview or using online communication conventions, can make virtual reference as effective as face-to-face reference. Additionally, inclusion of video or Web annotation in the virtual reference session can add an element of personalization that might otherwise be missing. Virtual reference can be an emotionally rich, engaging, and effective form of reference service if these techniques and technologies are adopted.
Type II radio emission in coronal transients

Recent observations demonstrate that some type II radio bursts (a) occur below the top of coronal white light loops in the early stages and (b) travel faster than white light transients when both data sources are recorded concurrently. These characteristics are examined with numerical simulations of a coronal transient in combination with the suggestion by Holman and Pesses (1983) that shock drift acceleration may be the originating mechanism for type II emission. The simulated angular relation between the transient shock normal and the upstream magnetic field, along with requirements on this orientation in order that shock drift be effective, lead naturally to the observed spatial relationship (in the lower corona) and relative velocities of white-light transients and type II bursts. The large type II velocities do not directly correspond to either material or shock motion, but are due to the production of emission at different locations along the shock surface. In addition, the model coincides with the hypothesis that the shocks generating the coronal type II emission also produce interplanetary SA (shock-accelerated) events.
723-2 Selective Antagonism of Adenosine A1Receptor Mediated Effects in Humans with N-0861, (N6-Endonorboran-2-yl-9-Methyladenine)

To determine the receptor subtype selectivity of the novel A1-adenosine (ADO) receptor (R) antagonist, N-0861, the A1and A2R-mediated cardiac effects were investigated in 13 patients during continuous iv. infusion and boluses of ADO before and after Lv. infusion of N-0861. Also, we sought to determine the effects of N-0861 on ADO-induced chest pain. Methods Measurements of A-H interval (A1effect), and coronary blood flow velocity (CBFV) (A2effect) were made before and after low dose (70 μg/kg) i.v. infusion and bolus (3 mg) ADO. N-0861 (0.25 mg/kg) was infused and the protocol repeated. At each stage, patients rated any chest discomfort from 0 (no pain) to 10 (very severe pain) using a Borg Pain Scale. Results No adverse effects of N-0861 were noted. No evidence of myocardial ischemia occurred during any part of the protocol. Chest discomfort occurred in 11 patients and was transient, ending shortly after the ADO infusion was terminated. ADO N-0861 + ADO A-H ° 96 ± 21% 3 ± 5 * CBFV ° 237 ± 147% 408 ± 374% Borg Rating (infusion) 4 ± 2 0 * Borg Rating (bolus) 6.5 ± 4 4.5 ± 3 ° expressed as percent increase over baseline * p l 0.05 compared to ADO alone N-0861 abolishes the negative dromotropic effect and chest discomfort experienced during infusion of ADO, and attenuated discomfort observed during the boluses of ADO. Conclusions 1) These actions of N-0861 support the conceptthat the negative dromotropic effect and angina-like pain caused by ADO are A1-ADO R mediated; whereas, the increase in CBFV is due to activation of A2-ADO R's. 2) N-0861 appears to be an effective and selective A1-ADO R antagonist in man. 3) In the presence of N-0861, ADO is a selective short-acting A2subtype R agonist
111. Intrusive thoughts counteract the effects of progressive relaxation on early wound repair

Psychological stress negatively affects proinflammatory cytokine production in the local wound environment, and examination stress can delay wound healing. Relaxation interventions are commonly used to reduce stress, and appear to promote recovery in surgical care settings. This study tested the effect of relaxation training on early wound repair in medical students with an upcoming examination. Medical students (n = 47) were randomized to receive either a relaxation intervention (n = 15) or wait-list (n = 32) immediately prior to an examination. All participants received standardized blister wounds upon arrival at a hospital research unit, and fluid from the blister chambers was aspirated 4 h, 7 h, and 22 h afterward. The subsequent relaxation intervention consisted of 5–6 h long structured sessions over the course of the stay. Students with higher Impact of Events scale Intrusion scores had significantly lower levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha at the wound site at 22 h post blister wounding. This effect remained when controlling for body mass index and randomization condition. Furthermore, higher levels of intrusions were associated with higher levels of negative affect on the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule after each relaxation session. These results suggest that the ability to regulate one’s emotions affects early wound repair, and that those with poor emotional regulation may require additional intervention efforts apart from progressive relaxation under stress.
Effect of firing atmosphere on air-fireable glass-free electrically conductive thick film

The firing atmosphere (air, oxygen, and argon) was found to affect the electrical and mechanical properties of an air-fireable electrically conductive glass-free silver-based thick film. For the optimum firing temperature of 930°C, air results in the lowest resistivity, but a minor amount of pinholes; oxygen results in the largest thickness, the smoothest surface, and no pinhole; and argon results in the highest resistivity, large pinholes, the smallest thickness, vanishing of macroscopic parts of the film, and the poorest scratch resistance. Argon gives higher resistivity than air or oxygen at essentially all firing temperatures.
Historical Perspectives on Immigrant and Bilingual Education in the USA

Becoming Biliterate: A Study of Two-way Bilingual Immersion Education. Bertha Perez. Mahwah, Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2004. Pp. xxviii+230. ISBN 0-8058-4678-6 (hbk): $69.95
Limitations of high-power visible wavelength periodically poled lithium niobate devices due to green-induced infrared absorption and thermal lensing

As nonlinear optics applications of periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) scale toward high average powers at visible wavelengths, absorption and thermal effects limit device performance. In second-harmonic generation (SHG) of 532-nm light using 53-mm length PPLN, self-focusing has been observed to limit the green output power to 2 W, with filamentation and sample failure occurring at 2.7 W. In this paper, we examine green-induced infrared absorption (GRIIRA) and thermal lensing in PPLN for 532-nm powers up to 2W, revealing the necessary improvements in this material that are required for high-power visible wavelength applications.
Regulation of cell signaling by the protein tyrosine phosphatases, CD45 and SHP-1.

An equilibrium between positive and negative regulation of immunoreceptor signaling leads to the proper execution of lymphocyte activation. Tyrosine phosphorylation is the initial event in antigen receptor-induced lymphocyte activation. It is generally accepted that protein tyrosine kinases are involved in positive regulation, whereas protein tyrosine phosphatases are important for the negative regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent processes. However, the interaction between protein tyroine kinases and protein tyrosine phosphatases is complex. This article discusses the role of two protein tyrosine phosphatases, CD45 and SHP-1, in the regulation of immunoreceptor signaling. SHP-1 acts as a negative regulator for several immunoreceptors, including those for T-and B-cell antigen receptors. The major role of CD45 is in the positive regulation of T- and B-cell antigen receptor signaling.
Resilience in Students

Resilience Begins With Beliefs: Building on Student Strengths for Success in School by Sara Truebridge. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. © 2014. 160 pages. ISBN: 978-0-8077-5483-2.How students...
On the design of heat-transfer probes

Abstract Saxena and coworkers have reported heat-transfer coefficient values for magnetofluidized beds using electrically heated heat-transfer probes. Here, a two-dimensional heat-transfer model is employed to investigate the influence of significant design features on measured parameters. Numerical calculations reveal that the thermal conductivity of the probe material has an insignificant contribution but the material of end caps and relative sizes and locations of the probe and heater appreciably influence the heat-transfer rates through end-conduction.
Preliminary Report of a Genetic Basis for Cognitive Decline After Cardiac Operations

Abstract Background . Changes in memory and cognition frequently follow cardiac operations. We hypothesized that patients with the apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 allele are genetically predisposed to cognitive dysfunction after cardiac operations. Methods . The apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 allele was evaluated as a predictor variable for postoperative cognitive dysfunction in 65 patients undergoing cardiac bypass grafting at Duke University Medical Center. The primary outcome measure was performance on a cognitive battery administered preoperatively and at 6 weeks postoperatively. Results . In a multivariable logistic regression analysis including apolipoprotein E-ϵ4, preoperative score, age, and years of education, a significant association was found between apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 and change in cognitive test score in measures of short-term memory at 6 weeks postoperatively. Patients with lower educational levels were more likely to show a decline in cognitive function associated with the apolipoprotein E-ϵ4 allele. Conclusions . This study suggests that apolipoprotein E genotype is related to cognitive dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. Cardiac surgical patients may be susceptible to deterioration after physiologic stress as a result of impaired genetically determined neuronal mechanisms of maintenance and repair.
Molecular mechanisms underlying the corneal endothelial pump

The corneal endothelium is responsible for maintaining the hydration of the cornea. This is through a "Pump-Leak" mechanism where the active transport properties of the endothelium represent the "Pump" and the stromal swelling pressure represents the "Leak". For the "Pump", Na(+), K(+) ATPase activity and the presence of HCO(3)(-), Cl(-), and carbonic anhydrase activity are required. Several basolateral (stromal side) anion transporters, apical (facing the aqueous humor) ion channels and water channels have been identified that could support a model for ion secretion as the basis for the endothelial pump, however evidence of sustained anion fluxes, osmotic gradients or the need for water channels is lacking. This has prompted consideration of other models, such as Electro-osmosis, and consideration of metabolite flux as components of the endothelial pump. Although the conditions under which the "Pump" is supported are known, a complete model of the endothelial "Pump" has yet to emerge.
Anogenital papillomavirus infections in children

Over the years, our impression of human papillomavirus has changed. Once thought of as the cause of relatively insignificant skin lesions, its significant role in malignancy of epithelia and mucosa throughout the body is beginning to be understood. Also changing, although not as rapidly as we would like is our understanding of how human papillomavirus infects the body, the concept of latency, our responses to infection, and how to modify or boost those responses so as to overcome infection. Research into the specifics of how our immune systems react, or why they do not, should give us better insight into how and why treatment therapies work and how to optimize them. Further work into vaccines may provide the means to eradicate the virus from infected persons, as well as to prevent the initial infections. Language: en
Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor levels have prognostic significance in patients with acute myeloid leukemia but not in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes

BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) are positive regulators of angiogenesis. Increased levels in urine, serum, plasma, or malignant tissue have been associated with an adverse prognosis in patients with solid tumors. METHODS The authors used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure VEGF and bFGF levels in plasma samples from 99 patients with previously untreated myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) (n = 41 patients; 42%) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (n = 58 patients; 58%) and compared the results with the results from a group of normal control participants. RESULTS Increased expression levels of VEGF and bFGF were found in the plasma from patients with AML and MDS (P < 0.01) compared with the levels found in the control group. Plasma levels of VEGF in patients with AML or MDS were similar (median, 30.63 pg/mL and 34.41 pg/mL, respectively). There was no significant difference in bFGF levels between patients with AML and patients with MDS (median, 6.38 pg/mL and 6.98 pg/mL, respectively). Elevated levels of VEGF were associated with reduced survival (P = 0.02) in patients with AML as well as lower complete remission (CR) rates (P = 0.004). Elevated VEGF levels were not associated with reduced remission duration (CRD) in patients with AML. There was no correlation between VEGF levels and survival, CRD, or CR rates in patients with MDS. There was no correlation between bFGF levels and CR rates or survival in patients with either AML or MDS. CONCLUSIONS Plasma VEGF levels have prognostic significance in patients with AML. The lack of clinical relevance of VEGF levels in patients with MDS suggests some biologic difference between AML and MDS. Cancer 2002;95:1923–30. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10900
Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activities of the human liver: comparison between control and Reye's syndrome samples.

Summary: The specific activity and kinetic constants of the four forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) activities of liver obtained at autopsy from patients with and without Reye's syndrome have been analyzed and compared. Assays were conducted on supernatants of 30,000 × g spun homogenates after dialysis to remove endogenously accumulated substrate. Km values were derived by the double reciprocal plot method. A higher mean value for the low affinity cAMP activity is found in Reye's subjects (11.36 ± 7.33 × 10-4 M compared to 3.6 ± 1.73 × 10-4 M for controls). Values for the other forms are similar between groups. Values for controls are: 4.03 ± 1.8 × 10-6 M for the high affinity cAMP PDE activity and 2.57 ± 0.27 × 10-4 M and 8.28 ± 5.74 × 10-8 M for the low plus high affinity cGMP PDE activities. Differences in Vmax values are not statistically significant. At 10 and 500 4mUM cAMP concentrations, infants exhibit the highest specific activities. When all subjects in each group are included in calculation of the mean specific activity, no difference of significance is apparent. If all infant values are excluded from both groups, the mean specific activity of the high Km or low affinity cAMP PDE obtained for Reye's subjects is significantly higher than for control subjects (4.18 ± 2.17 nmol/mg/min compared to 1.52 ± 0.93). Such differences are not observed for the low Km or high affinity cAMP PDE or for the high and low affinity cGMP PDE enzymes. In supernatant fractions from both groups, the presence of 10-6 M cGMP enhanced the cAMP hydrolyzing capacity. Higher concentrations of cGMP are inhibitory for both forms of cAMP PDE. Speculation: These observations raise the distinct possibility that children who develop Reye's syndrome may exhibit an altered responsiveness to the polypeptide hormones which utilize the second messenger system to produce their intracellular effects.
Inhibition of IFN-γ induction of class II MHC genes by cAMP and prostaglandins

Triggering of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signal transduction pathway inhibits the the interferon gamma (IFN-gamma)-mediated induction of class II major histocompatibility (MHC) genes. We have investigated the mechanism of the inhibition of IFN-gamma induction of the murine A alpha class II MHC gene by cAMP and E series prostaglandins (PGEs). 151 base pairs of the A alpha promoter were sufficient to confer positive regulation by IFN-gamma and negative regulation by cAMP which accurately mirrored the regulation of the endogenous A alpha gene. cAMP also inhibited the IFN-gamma activation of the Fc gamma receptor I (Fc gamma RI) gene promoter, an "early" promoter which is activated immediately after treatment of cells with IFN-gamma. PGEs, which cause an elevation in intracellular cAMP, inhibited the induction of the A alpha promoter, and inhibition was greater in the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). A mutational analysis of the A alpha promoter showed that all four conserved class II promoter elements, the S, X1, X2, and Y boxes, play a role in mediating A alpha promoter activation by IFN-gamma. Mutations in these elements did not diminish the cAMP inhibition of promoter activation by IFN-gamma. Thus, conserved class II promoter sequences which mediate most known examples of positive and negative regulation, including cAMP inhibition of constitutive class II expression, do not mediate cAMP inhibition of IFN-gamma activation of the A alpha promoter. We suggest that this inhibition may be mediated by a novel class II promoter element or by disruption of an early step in the IFN-gamma signal transduction pathway.
The Association of Radiographically Detected Vertebral Fractures with Back Pain and Function: A Prospective Study

Background: Vertebral fractures are a hallmark of postmenopausal osteoporosis and an important end point in trials of osteoporosis treatment, but the clinical significance of these fractures remain...
Congenital Brain Abnormalities: An Update on Malformations of Cortical Development and Infratentorial Malformations

In the past two decades, significant progress in neuroimaging and genetic techniques has allowed for advances in the correct definition/classification of congenital brain abnormalities, which have resulted in a better understanding of their pathogenesis. In addition, new groups of diseases, such as axonal guidance disorders or tubulinopathies, are increasingly reported. Well-defined neuroimaging diagnostic criteria have been suggested for the majority of congenital brain abnormalities. Accurate diagnoses of these complex abnormalities, including distinction between malformations and disruptions, are of paramount significance for management, prognosis, and family counseling. In the next decade, these advances will hopefully be translated into deeper understanding of these disorders and more specific treatments.
Grassland bird response to harvesting switchgrass as a biomass energy crop

The combustion of perennial grass biomass to generate electricity may be a promising renewable energy option. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) grown as a biofuel has the potential to provide a cash crop for farmers and quality nesting cover for grassland birds. In southwestern Wisconsin (near lat. 42°52′, long. 90°08′), we investigated the impact of an August harvest of switchgrass for bioenergy on community composition and abundance of Wisconsin grassland bird species of management concern. Harvesting the switchgrass in August resulted in changes in vegetation structure and bird species composition the following nesting season. In harvested transects, residual vegetation was shorter and the litter layer was reduced in the year following harvest. Grassland bird species that preferred vegetation of short to moderate height and low to moderate density were found in harvested areas. Unharvested areas provided tall, dense vegetation structure that was especially attractive to tall-grass bird species, such as sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis) and Henslow's sparrow (Ammodramus henslowii). When considering wildlife habitat value in harvest management of switchgrass for biofuel, leaving some fields unharvested each year would be a good compromise, providing some habitat for a larger number of grassland bird species of management concern than if all fields were harvested annually. In areas where most idle grassland habitat present on the landscape is tallgrass, harvest of switchgrass for biofuel has the potential to increase the local diversity of grassland birds.
StruLocPred: structure-based protein subcellular localisation prediction using multi-class support vector machine

Knowledge of protein subcellular locations can help decipher a protein's biological function. This work proposes new features: sequence-based: Hybrid Amino Acid Pair (HAAP) and two structure-based: Secondary Structural Element Composition (SSEC) and solvent accessibility state frequency. A multi-class Support Vector Machine is developed to predict the locations. Testing on two established data sets yields better prediction accuracies than the best available systems. Comparisons with existing methods show comparable results to ESLPred2. When StruLocPred is applied to the entire Arabidopsis proteome, over 77% of proteins with known locations match the prediction results. An implementation of this system is at http://wgzhou.ece. iastate.edu/StruLocPred/.
The different roles of communication in software development and hardware R&D: Phenomenologic paradox or atheoretical empiricism?

Abstract Organizational communication has been recognized as one of the most salient success factors for a variety of organizational tasks. This paper attempts to juxtapose the role communication plays in two different technological domains — software development and non-software R&D1. Previous research established that communication is a productivity diluting overhead in the former case, but is an essential, positive vehicle of problem-solving information in the latter. It is proposed that this phenomenological paradox, when “more” is “less’ for software development, and “more”, with qualification, for non-software R&D, can be resolved by applying task level technological typologies and by better understanding the different roles of communication for coordination and technology flow.