cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Revisiting the role of oxygen therapy in cardiac patients

Over the past century, multiple studies lacking the precision of today's advanced technology provided conflicting data on the effects of oxygen therapy in normoxic cardiac patients. More importantly, no randomized, blinded, controlled studies have shown a benefit of such treatment. Yet the use of supplemental oxygen is widespread in cardiac patients. In these conditions, inadvertent hyperoxia commonly occurs because of concerns to ensure sufficient oxygenation and because hyperoxia is not perceived to be detrimental. In recent years, there has been mounting evidence demonstrating the potential adverse effects of hyperoxia on the cardiovascular system. In this report, we review data examining the effects of supplemental oxygen in normoxic patients with acute presentations of coronary artery disease. It is also the aim of this report to emphasize the point that oxygen therapy might have major adverse physiologic effects that must be considered when it is employed.
Low-Grade, Metastasizing Splenic Littoral Cell Angiosarcoma Presenting With Hepatic Cirrhosis and Splenic Artery Aneurysm

The behavior of littoral cell neoplasms ranges from benign (littoral cell angioma, LCA) to highly malignant (angiosarcoma). Two unusual cases of low-grade metastatic littoral cell angiosarcoma (LCA...
Beyond the transference: Interviews with adults and their parents in psychotherapy

This article illustrates the utilization of strategically introduced interviews with adults and their parents in psychodynamically oriented individual and marital psychotherapy. The effectiveness of these interviews in diagnostic data gathering, as crisis intervention, and in illuminating the parent-patient antecedents to patient-therapist conflicts is demonstrated. Transference implications of these family interviews is discussed.
Post-translational protein import and folding

Significant advances have been made over the past year in analyzing the membrane machineries for the post-translational export of proteins in bacteria and for the import of proteins into mitochondria. Another important development is the identification in mitochondria of homologs of the bacterial heat-shock proteins DnaJ and GrpE, which function together with Hsp70 in membrane translocation and folding of imported proteins. A number of gene products involved in peroxisomal protein uptake have been identified, which are now awaiting biochemical analysis.
A high-level language for design and modeling of hardware

Abstract The IEEE standard language for description of hardware is VHDL. This language can be used to design, model, and document hardware at various levels of abstraction. This article introduces hardware description languages, describes the emergence of VHDL as the standard HDL, and gives an overview of the VHDL language as it is used for the design and modeling of hardware. A simple example will be partitioned into several subcomponents and various levels of abstractions will be used to describe these subcomponents. Advanced features of VHDL will then be discussed and corresponding examples will be presented. These examples will be used in the bottom-up design of a complete circuit.
Transpersonal psychology, physical health, and mental health: Theory, research, and practice

Abstract Throughout its existence, transpersonal psychology has held a strong interest in exploring the implications of consciousness and spirituality for health, both physical and mental. This article provides a brief overview of the theoretical, empirical, and clinical contributions of transpersonal psychology to the understanding and facilitation of human health and well‐being. It also critiques the methodological basis of some of these contributions, concluding that transpersonal psychological studies of the relationship between spirituality and health are still in their infancy and that practitioners interested in using approaches based on these findings need to exercise caution as well as excitement about the interesting developments unfolding at an ever increasing rate.
ERCP update: diagnostic and therapeutic applications.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is currently utilized to evaluate jaundice, both intra- and extrahepatic, and can differentiate between these by demonstrating specific anatomic lesions. ERCP is definitive in the evaluation of gallbladder disease when other modalities are indefinite. For the first time outside the operating room, the pancreatic duct can be opacified by ERCP. The newest application of ERCP, endoscopic papillotomy (EP), has revolutionized the treatment of common bile duct gallstones and stenosis of the duct, offering a safe and effective alternative to repeated surgery, especially in those patients at risk. Because of these diverse and effective applications, ERCP has become firmly established in our diagnostic armamentarium.
Behavioral Characteristics of Children With Turner Syndrome and Children With Learning Disabilities

Children with Turner syndrome (TS) are at increased risk for cognitive deficits and behavioural problems. Although cognitive skills are similar to those found in children with nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD), comparisons of behavioral patterns in children with TS to those in children with NLD have not been reported. The purpose of this research was to describe behavioral patterns in school-aged females with TS and to determine if these patterns differed from those exhibited by females with NLD as measured on the Pediatric Behavior Scale, a parental report of childhood behaviors. Behavioral characteristics were identified in 10 children with TS, 10 with NLD, and 10 healthy children. Those with TS and with NLD were found to have increased levels of social isolation. In addition, children with TS had behavioral problems in the areas of impulsivity and medical noncompliance. Identification of behavioral characteristics of specific conditions is essential to guide counseling and interventions provided by nurses and other health professionals.
COMPUTERIZATION AND COMPETITIVENESS: NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE USA

nii & competition, 90294 COMPUTERIZATION AND COMPETITIVENESS: NATIONAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE USA Kenneth L. Kraemer Professor of Management and Information and Computer Science University of California, Irvine Irvine, CA 92717 kkraemer@uci.edu Working Paper #NII-054 Paper prepared for the workshop on NII and National Competitiveness October 18, 1994 Seoul, Korea August 30, 1994
Cystine alters the renal and hepatic disposition of inorganic mercury and plasma thiol status

In the present study, we determined whether cystine can inhibit, under certain conditions, the renal tubular uptake of inorganic mercury in vivo. We co-injected (i.v.) cystine with a non-toxic dose of mercuric chloride to rats and then studied the disposition of inorganic mercury during the next 24 h. We also determined if pretreatment with cystine influences the disposition of administered inorganic mercury. Moreover, plasma thiol status was examined after the intravenous administration of cystine with or without mercuric chloride. During the initial hour after co-injection, the renal tubular uptake of mercuric ions was diminished significantly relative to that in control rats. The inhibitory effects of cystine were evident in both the renal cortex and outer stripe of the outer medulla. In contrast, the renal accumulation of mercury increased significantly between the 1st and 12th hour after co-treatment. Urinary excretion and fecal excretion of mercury were greatly elevated in the rats co-treated with cystine and mercuric chloride. Thus, when cystine and mercury are administered simultaneously, cystine can serve as an inhibitor of the renal tubular uptake of mercury during the initial hour after co-treatment. In rats pretreated with cystine, the renal uptake of inorganic mercury was enhanced significantly relative to that in rats not pretreated with cystine. This enhanced accumulation of inorganic mercury correlated with the increased circulating concentrations of the reduced cysteine and glutathione. Additionally, the present findings indicate that thiol status is an important determinant of renal and hepatic disposition, and urinary and fecal excretion, of inorganic mercury.
Protection of the Acutely Injured Heart—Deleterious Effects of Hypothermia

Abstract This experimental study was undertaken to evaluate the hypothesis that cardioplegic arrest at 37°C is superior to 10°C cardioplegic arrest in the myocardial protection of an acutely injured heart. The hypothesis was tested using Sprague-Dawley rat hearts that were excised and retroperfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer as isolated, isovolumic heart preparations. After 15 min of equilibration and baseline readings, ischemic injury of the myocardium was established by cessation of perfusion for 20 min, followed by 30 min of reperfusion to obtain cardiac measurements and verify uniformity of ventricular dysfunction. All hearts were then arrested for 30 min with continuous cardioplegia (oxygenated crystalloid cardioplegia, 4 ml/min) followed by 30 min of reperfusion. In one group ( N = 12), temperature of cardioplegia was 10°C. In the second group ( N = 12), cardioplegia temperature was 37°C. The experiments showed that in acutely injured hearts, cardioplegic arrest at 10°C resulted in further deterioration in ventricular dysfunction ( P P > 0.05). The experimental findings suggest that in the presence of acute myocardial injury, cardioplegic arrest at normothermia may provide better myocardial protection.
Scalability of 3D-integrated arithmetic units in high-performance microprocessors

Three-dimensional integration provides a simultaneous improvement in wire-related delay and power consumption of microprocessor circuits. Prior work has looked at the performance, power, and area benefits of the 3D integration technology. In this paper, we investigate the scalability issues of 3D die-stacked arithmetic units. We explore the behavior of the 3D-integrated arithmetic circuits with increasing issue- width (parallel execution capability), transistor sizing, and temperature. We show that the 3D-integrated units have a lower latency degradation and lower rate of increase in energy consumption than the planar circuits with increasing issue-widths and operating temperatures. We demonstrate that the 3D-integrated circuits have less sensitivity to transistor sizing than the planar circuits.
Advanced real-time intersection data collection system for safety evaluation

Many signalized intersections are associated with vehicle crashes due to dilemma zone issues. Dilemma zones are defined in either time or space, as zones where some drivers may decide to proceed, and some may decide to stop at the onset of yellow. Dilemma zone can therefore lead to rear-end crashes, when a driver decides to stop while their follower decides to proceed, and/or right-angle crashes, when drivers end up violating the red-light, to crash with side street traffic. Many algorithms and real-time dilemma-zone protection systems were developed. In order to evaluate these algorithms, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI) developed an advanced real-time intersection safety data collection system. This system monitors the intersection phase and detector actuations as well video captures of red-light-runners. This paper presents the data collection system and shows preliminary data collection results in two sites in Illinois. The system was used to collect traffic volume profile, number of vehicles captured in dilemma zone, and videos of red-light-runners.
The System Bi2O,—B2O3

The phase diagram for the system Bi2O3-B2O3 has been determined experimentally. The melting point of Bi2O3 has been redetermined as 825° C with an estimated overall uncertainty of about ±3°C, and the molal heat of fusion of Bi2O3, calculated from the slope of the liquidus curve, is 2050 cal per mole. The system contains a body-centered cubic phase of approximate composition 12Bi2O3·B2O3, which melts incongruently at 632°C. Four congruently melting compounds exist in the system: 2Bi2O3· B2O3·5B2O3, Bi2O3·3B2O3, and Bi2O3·4B2O3, with melting points, respectively, of 675°, 722°, 708°, and 715°C. The Bi2O3·4B2O3 compound exhibits a sluggish transformation at 696°C. Compositions containing up to 97.5 wt% (85 mole %) Bi2O3 can be partly or totally quenched to glass. Indices of the quenched glasses are greater than 1.74. A region of liquid immiscibility extends at 709°C from almost pure B2O3 to 19.0 mole % Bi2O3. The extent of immiscibility theoretically calculated agrees with the experimentally determined value when 1.20 A is used for the ionic radius of Bi3+.
Pregnancy in patients with pre-existing cardiomyopathies

To varying extents, women with pre-existing cardiomyopathies have a limited cardiovascular reserve. The hemodynamic challenges of pregnancy, labor, and delivery pose unique risks to this group of patients, which can result in clinical decompensation with overt heart failure, arrhythmias, and rarely, maternal death. A multidisciplinary team approach and a controlled delivery are crucial to adequate management of patients with underlying heart disease. Pre-conception planning and risk assessment are essential, and proper counseling should be offered to expectant mothers with regard to both the risks that pregnancy poses and the implications for future offspring. In this article, we will review the hemodynamic stressors that pregnancy places upon women with pre-existing cardiomyopathies and risk assessment and discuss what evidence exists with regard to the management of 2 forms of cardiomyopathy during pregnancy, labor, and delivery: dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
American Society of Clinical Oncology Guideline on the Role of Bisphosphonates in Breast Cancer

PURPOSE: To determine clinical practice guidelines for the use of bisphosphonates in the prevention and treatment of bone metastases in breast cancer and their role relative to other therapies for this condition. METHODS: An expert multidisciplinary panel reviewed pertinent information from the published literature and meeting abstracts through May 1999. Additional data collected as part of randomized trials and submitted to the United States Food and Drug Administration were also reviewed, and investigators were contacted for more recent information. Values for levels of evidence and grade of recommendation were assigned by expert reviewers and approved by the panel. Expert consensus was used if there were insufficient published data. The panel addressed which patients to treat and when in their course of disease, specific drug delivery issues, duration of therapy, management of bony metastases with other therapies, and the public policy implications. The guideline underwent external review by selected p...
Peri-operative identification of patients at risk for obstructive sleep apnea

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in the general population. However, a majority of individuals with moderate to severe OSA remain undiagnosed. The polysomnogram (PSG) remains the standard test used in the diagnosis of OSA. However, the time, labor, and costs associated with PSG preclude its widespread use as a routine preoperative screening tool. Increased awareness of signs and symptoms associated with OSA and more standardized methods for screening for the condition may help decrease the disparity between prevalence and diagnosis. The authors discuss polysomnography, breathing disorders associated with sleep, signs and symptoms associated with OSA, and associated co-morbidities.
The Economic and Fiscal Impact of Aging Retirees on a Small Rural Region

The literature on the economic and fiscal impacts of in-migrating retirees on rural communities tends to concentrate on the younger, more affluent newly retired. This article addresses an issue not systematically addressed: the impacts on communities as these retirees age. Households that vary by age have different income levels and expenditure patterns. A county-level, conjoined input-output/econometrics simulation model is used to assess the impacts of an aging rural population. As hypothesized, the magnitude and nature of impacts is in direct proportion to relative household size and income level. The increased local government expenditures are covered by the increased revenues, even as retirees age.
The Postmortem Diagnosis of Cholecalciferol Toxicosis: A Novel Approach and Differentiation from Ethylene Glycol Toxicosis:

The objectives of this study were to develop a novel approach to postmortem diagnosis of cholecalciferol (CCF) toxicosis in dogs using kidney, bile, and urine samples, and to differentiate CCF from ethylene glycol (EG) toxicosis. To achieve these objectives, specimens collected from 2 previous laboratory studies in which dogs were given a single oral toxic dose of CCF (8.0 mg/kg) were used. For EG toxicosis, historical data from the previous 13 years (1985-1998) were reviewed and confirmed cases of EG toxicosis were selected. The historical data were used to compare trace mineral concentrations, specifically of calcium and phosphorus to differentiate between intoxications caused by CCF from that caused by EG in dogs. Kidneys, bile, and urine from dogs that died of CCF toxicosis were analyzed for 25 monohydroxy vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) and 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) and compared to known control unexposed dogs. Results of this study show that biliary and renal 25(OH)D3 concentrations and renal calcium to phosphorus ratio are of diagnostic value in dogs exposed to toxic concentrations of CCF. The renal calcium to phosphorus ratio was 2.5 in dogs that died of EG toxicosis.
Structure and Properties of TiC, VC and TiC/VC Thin Films Deposited by Pulsed Laser Deposition

A study has been conducted on the mechanical, tribological and chemical properties of pulsed laser deposited (PLD) TiC, VC and TiCNC thin films. The TiC films were deposited at 375°C and 5 mTorr Ar, while the TiCNC films were deposited from a composite target at 475°C at pressures of base vacuum and 50 mTorr Ar. XRD analysis revealed the films had the expected B1 structure, although XPS analysis showed a significant oxygen content. Tribological studies were conducted using a ball-on-disk test, and the wear behavior depended on the surface condition and film composition. One TiCNC film exhibited little wear but caused significant ball wear, indicating mixed carbide films are promising candidates for wear-resistant coatings.
Argon ion linelist and level energies in the hollow-cathode discharge

Abstract Lines of Ar I, II, and III are identified in high-resolution Fourier Transform spectra of a hollow-cathode source covering the range 222–5865 nm. Ar II and III level energies are extracted and compared with earlier measurements. Selected Ar II lines suitable for use as secondary wavelength standards are measured relative to precise wavelengths of CO molecular lines.
Experiences with Multi-threading and Dynamic Class Loading in a Java Just-In-Time Compiler

In this paper, we describe the techniques that have been implemented in the IBM TestaRossa (TR) just-in-time (JIT) compiler to safely perform aggressive code patching and collect accurate profiles in the context of a Java application employing multiple threads and dynamic class loading and unloading. Previous work in these areas either did not account for the synchronization cost of safety or dynamic class loading/unloading effects in a heavily multithreaded program or did not consider how different patching techniques may be required for different platforms where instruction cache coherence guarantees vary. We evaluate the space and time overhead to make our profiling framework correct, showing that privatizing the profiling variables to achieve correctness impacts execution time only minimally but it can grow the stack frames for profiled methods by less than 15% on average for the SPECjvm98 and SPECjbb2000 benchmarks. Since methods are profiled for only a brief time and the stack frames themselves are not large, we do not consider this growth to be prohibitive. The techniques reported in this paper are implemented in the 1.5.0 release of the IBM Developer Kit for Java targeting 12 different processor-operating system platforms.
Proton therapy in a pediatric patient with stage III Hodgkin lymphoma.

Standard of care treatment for pediatric patients with stage III Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is chemotherapy with involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) reserved for patients receiving less-intensive chemoth...
Modification of a Live-Catch Rodent Trap to Protect Small Mammals

Small rodents, when confined in traps, are particularly vulnerable to extremes of heat, cold and moisture. The ultimate success of an ecological study involving the capture and release of small mammals often depends upon protection of mammals from these adverse conditions. Plague ecology studies at the San Francisco Field Station involve repeated captures of rodents ranging in size from the comparatively large ground squirrels, Citellus , to the tiny harvest mice, Reithrodontomys . The smaller rodents such as Microtus, Peromyscus, Reithrodontomys and Mus are especially sensitive to the elements and must be protected from them until released. …
Projection Microscopy for Medical Diagnostics

Microscopy is the gold standard for diagnosing many diseases, but conventional microscopes are costly, require electricity, lack portability, and can cause eye strain. Here, we describe a low-cost, portable, projection microscope for medical diagnostics of urine and stool samples. The microscope was designed and prototyped at Stanford and tested at a district hospital in South Coast Kenya for presence of soil transmitted helminthes and schistosomiasis haematobium, with promising results.
Does body mass index affect outcomes in robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass procedures?

ObjectiveObese patients pose unique technical challenges for minimal-access cardiac surgery. We sought to examine the effect of body mass index on short-term outcomes in robotic-assisted coronary s...
Easy as ABC: A System to Stratify Category II Fetal Heart Rate Tracings.

Objective To evaluate whether a subcategory system for category II tracings can improve team communication and perinatal outcomes. Study Design We collected data prospectively for 15 months, first using the NICHD system, followed by the ABC system, which divides category II tracings into subcategories A, B, and C, each representing increased risk for metabolic acidemia. We surveyed providers about communication effectiveness and agreement on tracing interpretation for each system. In cases where the communication system was used to alert an off-site physician about a category II tracing, we compared arrival to L&D and NICU admissions. Results The ABC system was preferred (69%, n = 152) and considered a more effective tool for communicating concerning fetal status (80% vs. 43%, p Conclusion The ABC system resulted in improved team communication, increased physician response, and decreased NICU admissions. Using standardized communication may offer a useful strategy for identifying and expediting care.
AIDS, Impact on Families (Africa)

The HIV/AIDS pandemic has caused dramatic demographic shifts in the developing world. This is particularly true in small rural villages, where community roles and responsibilities are transforming in an attempt to adapt to the absence of a young generation rapidly disappearing from society. Within Africa, primary victims of the disease are the “productive young adults” who traditionally hold social, financial, and political responsibilities and roles of leadership within rural communities. This has had a dramatic impact on the socioeconomic dynamics within many African countries, as the large number of deaths has ultimately meant social changes in rural villages throughout sub-Saharan Africa with high HIV/AIDS prevalence rates. The ways in which family structures are changing in the context of HIV/AIDS will greatly impact the future of sub-Saharan Africa as society continues to shift and adapt to these demographic changes. Keywords: Africa; age; AIDS; children; gender; orphan
Total joint replacement in extremities with below-knee amputations.

Abstract Patients with knee and hip joint diseases or fractures in a limb with a distal portion amputated were successfully treated with total joint arthroplasties. Two patients with below-knee amputations recieved total joint replacements. One underwent a total hip arthroplasty and the other had a total knee arthryplasty on the side of the amputation. Physical therapy was modified minimally for the two patients in comparison to other patients with total joint replacements. Prosthetic changes were required in both cases. With new prostheses, both patients were able to return to work.
Spectral marker for Cα damage in beta peptides.

The work in this article describes a spectral signature for the detection of a Cα radical damaged peptide, which should enable the use of infrared spectroscopic methods to directly monitor oxidativ...
Procedural Treatments: New Surgical Options

The body of literature for new options in glaucoma surgery continues to slowly grow highlighting not only increased efficacy and wider indication for use but also limitations that may reflect complexities in aqueous humor outflow ripe for discovery.
High temperature polycrystalline silicon thin film transistor on steel substrates

Polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors were fabricated using both self-aligned and non-self-aligned structures on 0.2 mm steel foil substrates coated with 0.5 /spl mu/m SiO/sub 2/. The polycrystalline silicon was formed by furnace crystallization of PECVD hydrogenated amorphous silicon films at temperatures from 600 to 950/spl deg/C. The corresponding annealing times at high temperature can be as short as 20 seconds. No evidence is found for transistor contamination by the steel with drain current on/off ratio of /spl ges/10/sup 5/ in all cases. The short crystallization times achievable on steel substrates provide a considerable advantage over glass substrates, which require crystallization times of /spl ges/6 hours because of their strain temperatures of /spl sim/600/spl deg/C. Our results lay the groundwork for polycrystalline silicon transistor roll-to-roll technology on continuous web.
Relationships among high river discharges, upwelling events, and bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) occurrence in the central Alaskan Beaufort Sea

Abstract Aerial surveys for bowhead whales have been conducted with a relatively consistent methodology over the Alaskan Beaufort Sea since 1989. Sightings of bowhead whales in the central Alaskan Beaufort Sea in September 1997 and September 2014 were unusual in that hundreds of whales were observed within a few kilometers of local barrier islands. We compare bowhead whale sightings, river discharge data, wind records, and satellite imagery to argue that the large numbers of bowhead whales observed nearshore in September 1997 and 2014 resulted from favorable feeding conditions established by high river discharges and prior upwelling events. These results are then generalized in a simple binary-based mechanistic framework that links the relevant physics to occurrences of observed and potential feeding opportunities for bowhead whales in the central Alaskan Beaufort Sea and in other locales along the Beaufort coast.
Skeptheism: Is Knowledge of God’s Existence Possible?

In this paper, I sketch an argument for the view that we cannot know (or have good reasons to believe) that God exists. Some call this view “strong agnosticism” but I prefer the term “skeptheism” in order to clearly distinguish between two distinct epistemic attitudes with respect to the existence of God, namely, agnosticism and skepticism. For the skeptheist, we cannot know (or have good reasons to believe) that God exists, since there can be neither conceptual (a priori) nor empirical (a posteriori) evidence for the existence of God.
The haematological investigation of suspected Non Accidental Injury

Abstract Most children suspected of Non Accidental Injury (NAI) will undergo a number of haematological investigations to exclude coagulation defects. Investigations should be dependent on the clinical presentation but often there can be an over or under-requesting of haematological investigations. The correct interpretation of results is reliant on an understanding of both the physiological processes involved in coagulation in children of different ages and of the laboratory testing of the coagulation systems. Age-specific, population-based studies of bruising and bleeding patterns in normal children, NAI children and children with congenital bleeding disorders may be helpful in limiting the number of investigations undertaken for suspected NAI. Investigation of suspected Non Accidental Injury requires a multidisciplinary approach; close liaison between the haematology laboratory and the requesting clinician is integral to this approach. This article describes the use of a staged approach to laboratory investigation.
The Framework for CSR Assessment, Measurement, and Reporting

As an increasing number of companies take up the challenge of both engaging in and monitoring socially responsible activities, there is a growing demand for assessment and measurement systems that allow stakeholders to gauge performance in this area. Companies are being asked to report on issues of sustainability, human rights, worker empowerment, and the environment. Performance measurement in these areas is difficult, with questions of what to report and how to report being common. To date, several organizations have provided principles and guidelines for CSR reporting, but none of these reporting frameworks have been universally accepted or risen to the level of GAAP style reporting with concurrent auditing standards. The purpose of this paper is to review the evolution of CSR reporting guidelines, explore the benefits and costs of CSR reporting, and suggest a new framework for CSR assessment, measurement, and reporting.
Risk of Venous Thromboembolism Among Otolaryngology Patients vs General Surgery and Plastic Surgery Patients.

Importance Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, is the number 1 cause of preventable death in surgical patients. Current guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians provide VTE prevention recommendations that are specific to individual surgical subspecialties; however, no guidelines exist for otolaryngology. Objective To examine the rate of VTE for various otolaryngology procedures compared with an established average-risk field (general surgery) and low-risk field (plastic surgery). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study compared the rate of VTE after different otolaryngology procedures with those of general and plastic surgery in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program from January 1, 2005, through December 31, 2013. We used univariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis of clinical characteristics, cancer status, and Caprini score to compare different risk stratification of patients. Data analysis was performed from May 1, 2016, to April 1, 2017. Exposure Surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures Thirty-day rate of VTE. Results A total of 1 295 291 patients, including 31 896 otolaryngology patients (mean [SD] age, 53.9 [16.7] years; 14 260 [44.7%] male; 21 603 [67.7%] white), 27 280 plastic surgery patients (mean [SD] age, 50.5 [13.9] years; 4835 [17.7%] male; 17 983 [65.9%] white), and 1 236 115 general surgery patients (mean [SD] age, 54.9 [17.2] years; 484 985 [39.2%] male; 867 913 [70.2%] white) were compared. The overall 30-day rate of VTE was 0.5% for otolaryngology compared with 0.7% for plastic surgery and 1.2% for general surgery. We identified a high-risk group for VTE in otolaryngology (n = 3625) that included free or regional tissue transfer, laryngectomy, composite resection, skull base surgery, and incision and drainage. High-risk otolaryngology patients experienced similar rates of VTE as general surgery patients across all Caprini risk levels. Low-risk otolaryngology patients (n = 28 271) experienced lower rates of VTE than plastic surgery patients across all Caprini risk levels. Malignant tumors were associated with VTE; however, the rates varied by cancer type and were 11-fold greater for cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract compared with thyroid cancers (odds ratio, 10.97; 95% CI, 7.38-16.31). Venous thromboembolism was associated with a 14-fold higher 30-day mortality among otolaryngology patients (5.1% mortality with VTE vs 0.4% mortality without VTE; difference, 4.7%; 95% CI of the difference, 2.2%-9.3%). Conclusions and Relevance Most patients undergoing otolaryngology procedures are at low risk of VTE, indicating that guidelines for a low-risk population could be adapted to otolaryngology. Patients undergoing high-risk otolaryngology procedures should be considered as candidates for more aggressive VTE prophylaxis.
Reverse PT phase transition across exceptional points of any order

We have recently demonstrated that higher-order exceptional points can be engineered in PT symmetric networks by means of recursive bosonic algebra. In these systems, as well as in simple PT dimers with second-order exceptional points, transitions between the broken and unbroken phases take place along specific trajectories in the parameter space. Here we show that the behaviour along some of these trajectories can be reversed through the inclusion of strongly coupled passive dimers that act as two-mode adiabatic bridges connecting different parts of the network. We illustrate our results by first discussing the case of a simple PT dimer before we demonstrate how the same technique can be employed in configurations that exhibit third- and fourth-order exceptional points.
Whose punishment, whose crime? Understanding parenting and partnership in a time of mass incarceration

ABSTRACTParenting and romantic partnership changes and challenges that occur in the context of incarceration are not yet fully understood, in part due to longstanding limitations in available data on the family lives of justice-involved individuals. This article reviews that prior work and introduces a set of new contributions in this volume of findings from the Multisite Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting, and Partnering (MFS-IP). The MFS-IP study brings new insight on parenting and partnership during incarceration and reentry, using longitudinal data collected from 2008–2015 with 1,482 committed romantic or coparenting couples in which the male partner was incarcerated at baseline.
National determinants of active surveillance among patients with clinical stage 1A kidney tumors.

694Background: Active surveillance (AS) has been increasingly recognized as a viable management strategy for patients with small renal masses (SRM). To better understand the contemporary management...
Scaling Laws for Sea Ice Fracture

Based on the premise (recently validated by Dempsey’s in-situ tests) that large-scale failure of sea ice is governed by cohesive fracture mechanics, the paper presents simplified analytical solutions for (1) the load capacity of floating ice plate subjected to vertical load and (2) the horizontal force exerted by an ice plated moving against a fixed structure. The solutions clarify the fracture mechanism and agree with the previous numerical simulations based on cohesive fracture mechanics. They confirm the presence of a strong deterministic size effect. For the case of vertical load, the size effect approximately follows the size effect law proposed in 1984 by Bazant. In the case of an ice plate moving against a fixed obstacle, radial cleavage of the ice plate in the direction opposite to ice movement causes a size effect of structure diameter which follows linear elastic fracture mechanics for small enough diameters but becomes progressively weaker as the diameter increases. The present solutions contradict the earlier solutions based on material strength or plasticity theories, which exhibit no size effect.
Youth and parent perceptions of parenting in childhood cancer survivors and healthy peers.

Having a child diagnosed with cancer may have a long-term impact on parenting practices. The aims of this study were to (a) examine possible differences in youth and parent perceptions of parenting between childhood cancer survivors and healthy comparisons, (b) determine the concordance between youth and parent perceptions of parenting, and (c) explore differences in parent-youth concordance between survivors and healthy comparisons. Participants were youth aged 8–18 years (N = 170 childhood cancer survivors, N = 114 healthy comparisons) and one of their parents. All patients were ≥ 3 years from diagnosis (M = 6.52, SD = 3.60). Both youth (Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI)) and parents (Parenting Relationship Questionnaire (PRQ)) reported on their perceptions of parenting. Two separate MANCOVA’s (PBI and PRQ) were conducted to determine possible differences between childhood cancer survivors and healthy peers. Concordance between youth and parent perceptions of parenting was examined. Survivors did not differ from healthy peers in their perception of parental care and overprotection (p = .890). Likewise, parents in the survivor and healthy peer groups did not differ in their perceptions of involvement, attachment, communication, confidence, or relational frustration (p = .360). Youth’s report of a caring parent-child relationship was positively associated with parent-reported involvement, attachment, communication, and parenting confidence and negatively associated with parent-reported relational frustration. Youth-perceived overprotection was positively associated with parent-reported relational frustration. No differences were found in parent-youth concordance between survivors and healthy comparisons. A history of childhood cancer does not appear to adversely influence parenting behavior, as perceived by both youth and their parents.
SURVIVAL OF OOCYSTS OF CHICKEN AND TURKEY COCCIDIA UNDER VARIOUS CONDITIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the studies analyzing survival of oocysts of chicken and turkey Coccidia under various conditions. In the studies to determine survival of oocysts of chicken and turkey coccidian outdoors on soil, feces from infected birds were distributed evenly over the surface of isolated, bare, experimental areas. Periodically, material from each area was fed to susceptible birds. In general, when placed outdoors in the fall, oocysts of chicken and turkey coccidia remained lightly infective for about 26 months. Those on unshaded areas produced very light or no infections after about six months. Those on shaded areas produced moderate infections for 11 to 13 months. The foregoing observations were supplemented by studies to determine the survival of Eimeria acervulina under controlled conditions in the laboratory. Sporulated oocysts were separated from feces by sugar flotation and sedimented in distilled water.
Test Areas and Targeting in the Hull Project

This paper describes the test areas used for the large scale mapping experiments carried out by the National Research Council and the Ministere des Terres et Forets du Quebec, the experiments perfo...
Factors associated with Human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination compliance

Purpose: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. The HPV vaccines help prevent oral, cervical, anal, penile, vaginal, and vulvar cancers. The Advisory Committee on Vaccination Practices (ACIP) has recommended HPV vaccination for females since 2006 and for males since 2011. HPV vaccination rates continue to remain lower than other age appropriate vaccines. ACIP recommends routine HPV vaccination at 11 or 12 years of age. Vaccination can be given starting at 9 years of age. Various factors may affect completion of the …
Neurodevelopment in adolescents and adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD): A magnetic resonance region of interest analysis.

Abstract The neurodevelopmental trajectory in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) has not been well characterized. We examined age-related differences in the volume of the corpus callosum, basal ganglia, and cerebellum across adolescence and young adulthood, due to the sensitivity of these regions to prenatal alcohol exposure. T1-weighted anatomical magnetic resonance images (MRI) were acquired from a cross-sectional sample of subjects 13–30 years old who had received an alcohol-related diagnosis (FASD, n = 107) and typically developing controls (CON, n = 56). FreeSurfer v5.3 was used to obtain volumetric data for the corpus callosum, caudate, putamen, pallidum, and cerebellum. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to examine the effects of group (FASD, CON), sex, and age on region volume. Data were analyzed with and without correction for intracranial volume (ICV). All subregions were significantly smaller in the FASD group compared to controls, and these findings persisted even after ICV correction. Furthermore, the FASD and control groups differed in their relationship between age and total volume of the corpus callosum, caudate, and cerebellum. Specifically, older FASD individuals had smaller total volume in these regions; this relationship was not seen in the control group. Control males demonstrated larger volumes than control females in all regions prior to ICV correction; however, sex differences were attenuated in the FASD group in both the pallidum and cerebellum. Sex differences remained after ICV correction in the pallidum and cerebellum. These cross-sectional findings suggest that at least some brain regions may become smaller at an earlier than expected age in individuals with FASD, and that sex is an important factor to consider when examining neural structures in FASD. Further evaluation is necessary using longitudinal methods and including older ages.
Instrument Design and Performance of the High-Frequency Airborne Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Radiometer

The high-frequency airborne microwave and millimeter-wave radiometer (HAMMR) is a cross-track scanning airborne radiometer instrument with 25 channels from 18.7 to 183.3 GHz. HAMMR includes: low-frequency microwave channels at 18.7, 23.8, and 34.0 GHz at two linear-orthogonal polarizations; high-frequency millimeter-wave channels at 90, 130 and 168 GHz; and millimeter-wave sounding channels consisting of eight channels near the 118.75 GHz oxygen absorption line for temperature profiling and eight additional channels near the 183.31 GHz water vapor absorption line for water vapor profiling. HAMMR was deployed on a twin otter aircraft for a west coast flight campaign (WCFC) from November 4–17, 2014. During the WCFC, HAMMR collected radiometric observations for more than 53.5 h under diverse atmospheric conditions, including clear sky, scattered and dense clouds, as well as over a variety of surface types, including coastal ocean areas, inland water and land. These measurements provide a comprehensive dataset to validate the instrument.
Perception of repeated /l/ and /n/: Implications for understanding dissimilation

We test Ohala’s (1993) hypothesis that phonological dissimilation can result from perceptual errors. Using a task in which American English speakers hear and orthographically transcribe nonce words, we test whether they are more likely to omit an acoustically present /l/ or /n/ when heard in a word where another token of the same sound is present. We find that this is the case for /l/ but not for /n/. These results mirror the actual prevalence of dissimilation in American English, where /l/-dissimilation occurs occasionally, but /n/-dissimilation rarely or never.
To regulate or not to regulate? What to do with more toxic disinfection by-products?

Abstract Since the first regulation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the 1970s, >700 DBPs have been identified, and many of these are much more toxic than those regulated. Moreover, drinking water today is not the same as it was in the past, with increasing use of alternative disinfectants like chloramine, ozone, chlorine dioxide, and UV (which can form other types of DBPs), as well as new impacts on our source waters from climate change, population increases, wastewater intrusion, and energy exploration. The question today is whether we are regulating the right DBPs to protect human health, and if not, what should be done. New approaches may involve (1) the use of in vitro data and a Precautionary Principle approach, (2) using surrogate metrics of finished waters, such as total organic bromine/iodine, total nitrosamines, or total organic nitrogen rather than creating longer lists of regulated DBPs, and (3) using toxicity assays for whole drinking water extracts to pinpoint potential problems, then using chemical analyses to identify the toxic agents, and finally, (4) invoking different treatment strategies to reduce the toxicity. While the early regulations likely significantly improved the safety of drinking water, DBP exposure is a constant in modern life, and there is more that we can do.
8.16 – Calcium and Proteases☆

Calcium ions (Ca2 +) are critical second messengers within various eukaryotic cell-signaling pathways, functioning as regulators of diverse cellular processes. The importance of Ca2 + in muscle contraction was first observed at the end of the 19th century, and since the mid-1970s, research into the complexity and diversity of Ca2 + functions along with the development of experimental tools to investigate these functions has yielded impressive findings. Ca2 + clearly stimulates numerous cellular processes, such as muscle contraction, cellular proliferation, gene expression, hormone and neurotransmitter secretion, exocytosis, and chemotaxis, but Ca2 + is also toxic. Thus, free intracellular Ca2 + ([Ca2 +]i) must be tightly regulated to properly balance Ca2 +-mediated cell function and Ca2 +-mediated cell injury and death. Intracellular cytoplasmic Ca2 + (∼ 10− 8–10− 7 mol L− 1) is maintained well below the extracellular concentration 10− 3 mol L− 1, creating a gradient across the cell membrane.
Inferring residency and movement patterns of horse-eye jack Caranx latus in relation to a Caribbean marine protected area acoustic telemetry array

Information regarding the movement ecology of horse-eye jack Caranx latus throughout the Caribbean is limited despite their prevalence. Passive acoustic telemetry was used to infer movement patterns of seven adult C. latus within Buck Island Reef National Monument (BIRNM), a no-take marine protected area (MPA) northeast of St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. In addition, a preliminary exploration of detections recorded outside of BIRNM was used to gain knowledge of the potential for larger scale movements. Ascertaining long-term movement patterns, including residency, mobility, and identifying core activity spaces can play a considerable role in how MPAs, like BIRNM, are adapted to meet the needs of mobile species. High residency index values were observed for individual C. latus within the BIRNM array (mean ± SE: 0.913 ± 0.04, range 0.75–1.0) across the 17 months monitored. Most fish were also detected on receivers located outside BIRNM. An observed to expected detection ratio revealed that despite high residency, only 9.6% of expected transmissions were detected based on the average tag transmission rate. Network analysis revealed high individual connectivity with many of the receivers inside BIRNM and a large number of core use receivers (mean: 10.7, range 6–14) within individual networks. Most C. latus were present in BIRNM at least twice per day, but were overall detected below the expected rates, demonstrating mobility, large core activity spaces and wide use of the acoustic array inside BIRNM and greater St. Croix shelf. How residency is inferred from acoustic telemetry detections, and interpreted for species with variable mobility, has important considerations for spatial management planning and telemetry analyses. For MPA development to meet the spatial requirements of species with mixed resident–mobile spatial ecology, detailed long-term movement data are required. Assessing residency in MPAs using acoustic telemetry should be formalized and carefully interpreted based on specific species, environmental conditions, and array configuration.