cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei Infection in Deer Mice (Peromyscus maniculatus).: Ultrastructural Pathology of the Spleen, Liver, Heart, and Kidney

Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110 infection of the deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) produced moderate to marked lesions in the spleen, liver, heart, and kidney seven to ten weeks after infection. Splenic lesions consisted of marked splenomegaly, with infected spleens weighing 25.9 times control spleens. Transmission electron microscopy of the sinuses and Billroth's cords of the splenic red pulp demonstrated an increased cellularity with greater contact between cells due partly to proliferation of macrophages, transformed lymphocytes and plasma cells and partly to accelerated erythropoiesis with increases in the numbers of rubricytes and reticulocytes. Erythrocytes also were present in large numbers, and erythroclasis was accelerated. Hepatic lesions consisted of necrosis of few hepatocytes, proliferation and hypertrophy of Kupffer's cells which exhibited increased phagocytosis--particularly of erythrocytes, as well as perivascular cuffs consisting of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages. Myocarditis was marked and was characterized by degeneration of myocardial fibers with decreases in mitochondrial size and myofibril contents and fragmentation of some degenerating fibers, and was accompanied by accumulation of inflammatory cells including lymphocytes, transformed lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages between the myocardial fibers. Renal lesions consisted of severe glomerulonephritis characterized by deposition of electron dense material along the basement membrane and in the mesangium of the glomerular tufts, and less frequently beneath the basement membrane and visceral epithelium of the Bowman's capsule and within the peritubular vessels. Neutrophils with fewer macrophages and lymphocytes invaded the glomeruli.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Simple Models of Assortment through Environmental Feedback

Social evolution depends critically on assortment, or segregation versus even mixing, between cooperators and noncooperators. Altruistic traits, which reduce the absolute fitness of their bearers, cannot evolve without positive assortment (excess segregation). The question of how positive assortment can arise has been controversial, but most evolutionary biologists believe that common descent is the only effective general mechanism. Here I investigate another recently proposed mechanism for generating nonrandom assortment, termed environmental feedback. This requires only that two forms of a trait affect the quality of the local environment differently in such a way that all individuals are more likely to leave low-quality locales. Experiments with simple computational models confirm that environmental feedback generates significant levels of genetic similarity among non-kin within locales. The mechanism is fairly general, and can under some conditions produce levels of genetic similarity comparable to those resulting from close genealogical relationship. Environmental feedback can also generate the negative assortment necessary for the evolution of spiteful traits. Environmental feedback is expected to create positive frequency-dependent selection, which thus favor any social trait that becomes common in the population. Results from this stylized model suggest that environmental feedback could be important in the evolution of both cooperation and spite, within as well as between species.
Microbial reduction of U(VI) at the solid-water interface.

Microbial (Geobacter sulfurreducens) reduction of 0.1 mM U(VI) in the presence of synthetic Fe(III) oxides and natural Fe(III) oxide-containing solids was investigated in pH 6.8 artificial groundwater containing 10 mM NaHCO3. In most experiments, more than 95% of added U(VI) was sorbed to solids, so that U(VI) reduction was governed by reactions at the solid−water interface. The rate and extent of reduction of U(VI) associated with surfaces of synthetic Fe(III) oxides (hydrous ferric oxide, goethite, and hematite) was comparable to that observed during reduction of aqueous U(VI). In contrast, microbial reduction of U(VI) sorbed to several different natural Fe(III) oxide-containing solids was slower and less extensive compared to synthetic Fe(III) oxide systems. Addition of the electron shuttling agent anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonate (AQDS; 0.1 mM) enhanced the rate and extent of both Fe(III) and U(VI) reduction. These findings suggest that AQDS facilitated electron transfer from G. sulfurreducens to U(VI) a...
Fulminant Neonatal Liver Failure in Siblings: Probable Congenital Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an autosomal recessive disorder of immune regulation characterized by fever, splenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hypofibrinogenemia, and hyperferritinemia. Although presentation usually occurs during the first 2 years of life, congenital presentation is rare. We report siblings with a presumptive diagnosis of familial HLH who presented with hydrops fetalis and severe hepatic involvement ultimately resulting in their deaths. This report emphasizes the difficulty of confirming the diagnosis of HLH. However, establishing the diagnosis has important implications for genetic counseling and family planning. HLH should be considered in the setting of perinatal liver failure. The immunologic basis of the disease is incompletely understood but testing for natural killer cell function, and perforin defects may be helpful in establishing a diagnosis. HLH can be treated with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.
Failure to Agree on the Electrocardiographic Diagnosis of Ventricular Tachycardia

Abstract Study objective: To determine the extent of interobserver agreement in the ECG diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia (VT) by using a four-step algorithm and three observers. Methods: Simulated emergency department setting from records of an urban university teaching hospital. All ECGs taken in the ED during a 2-year period that showed a QRS duration of more than 120 msec and a heart rate faster than 110 beats per minute were reviewed. ECGs were categorized as demonstrating sinus rhythm (SR), irregular broad-complex tachycardia (I-BCT), or regular broad-complex tachycardia (BCT). Copies of the BCT ECGs and short clinical histories were given to each of three emergency physicians, who used a published, four-step algorithm (the Brugada algorithm) to categorize the BCT ECGs as indicating VT, indicating supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy (SVT-A), or indeterminate. Interobserver agreement was assessed with the K-statistic. Results: The records contained 178 ECGs, 88 of which were SR, 63 I-BCT, and 27 BCT. The 27 BCT ECGs were selected for review. The emergency physicians disagreed with each other 22% of the time in differentiating VT from SVT-A (K=.58). Conclusion: Application of the algorithm to actual clinical practice in the ED would probably result in the misdiagnosis of a substantial minority of patients having BCT, with potentially serious adverse consequences. [Herbert ME, Votey SR, Morgan MT, Cameron P, Dziukas L: Failure to agree on the electrocardiographic diagnosis of ventricular tachycardia. Ann Emerg Med January 1996;27:35-38.]
Technique for evaluating radiation beam and image slice parameters of CT scanners

A technique is described for determining in a single scan three important CT scan parameters: beam localizer accuracy, image slice width, and radiation beam width.
Pink Diplomacy: On the Uses and Abuses of Breast Cancer Awareness

The photograph features seven women. They are seated on rectangular pink cushions placed atop a semicircular white bench. In the middle of the group is Laura Bush. She is dressed in a cropped beige...
Dynamic Motivational Processing of Antimarijuana Messages: Coactivation Begets Attention

In the theoretical framework of dynamic motivational activation, this study reveals the dynamics of antimarijuana public service announcement (PSA) processing, especially the processing of co-occurring positive and negative content. It specifies the important role of endogenous feedback dynamics of the information processing system and teases them apart from exogenous message effects. As suggested by real-time psychophysiological responses (heart rate, skin conductance level, and facial electromyography), the copresence of positive and negative content is most attention eliciting and is not moderated by individuals' marijuana experience. Marijuana experience, however, increases attention to arousing content in the PSAs, increases smiling responses to positive content, and escalates arousal to the PSAs in general. Implications for designing and evaluating PSAs and health campaigns are discussed.
A decision model for managing software development projects

The paper first examines some issues that hinder the effective management of, and decision-making on, quality software development process and products delivery by practitioners. It then generates a decision model for managing software development projects. The model uses four concepts: mappability, accountability, interoperability and controllability in decision-making which is assumed to be based on a set of indicators that link task status of the development process and its quality assessment to the responsible authorities. The quality of the tasks, and hence, of the deliverables is measured using four attributes: completeness, correctness, consistency and compliance. A web-based example implementation is then discussed. We thus show that the model is flexible, extensible and scalable. Implementation challenges and implications are then discussed.
Interrelationships between Hormones, Behavior, and Affect during Adolescence: Understanding Hormonal, Physical, and Brain Changes Occurring in Association with Pubertal Activation of the Reproductive Axis. Introduction to Part III

This paper summarizes the goals of this section and considers current knowledge about the association between hormonal changes that occur over pubertal development and the changes in behavior and brain function over the adolescent period. It reviews the cascade of neural and hormonal changes that occur with puberty; discusses mechanisms by which these changes can affect higher-order brain processes; reviews the current limited state of knowledge about links between puberty and changes in affect regulation in the adolescent period; identifies hurdles that have made progress in our understanding of these relationships difficult; and suggests areas for future investigation that will allow us to obtain a much more comprehensive understanding of these interrelationships. This overview of the physiological processes occurring at puberty indicates that puberty (1) encompasses changes in a number of neural systems; (2) results in altered secretion of a number of hormones; (3) involves hormones that are secreted in a pulsatile manner so that collection of a single blood sample does not clearly delineate hormone profiles; and (4) shows considerable individual variation in the rate of progression and in hormone secretion during progression. The important role that gonadal steroid hormones play throughout development and adulthood in regulating plastic changes in neuronal structure and function is noted, highlighting the need for further studies to determine the extent to which the dramatic increases in circulating steroid hormones at puberty modulate brain circuits that underlie changes in social behaviors, risk-taking behaviors, and cognitive function at adolescence.
Rapid carrier acquisition from baud-rate samples

Maximum-likelihood estimation of phase and frequency offset involves the maximization of a nonlinear likelihood function. We develop an estimator for carrier acquisition by linearizing the likelihood-function, and show that its performance is close to the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB). The estimator is then extended to blind frequency acquisition and combined with testing to eliminate unlikely hypotheses. With proper modeling of the likelihood resulting from the blind search, simulations show that the algorithm quickly rejects all but the correct frequency hypothesis.
Method and Applications of Intense Terahertz Wave Radiation from Laser-Induced Air Plasma

Intense THz waves can be generated, amplified, and detected with laser induced air plasma as the medium through a mechanism similar to four-wave-mixing optical nonlinear process. The potential application is THz standoff sensing and identification.
Claudin-2 is selectively expressed in proximal nephron in mouse kidney

First published August 15, 2001; 10.1152/ajprenal.00021.2001.—The proximal nephron possesses a leaky epithelium with unique paracellular permeability properties that underlie its high rate of passi...
Lipids in Airway Mucus of Acute Quadriplegic Patients

Quadriplegic patients have difficulty in clearing lung mucus due to paralysis of muscles of respiration. In about 25% of these patients, excessive mucus in the airway necessitates tracheostomy, and in some patients it is fatal. In others there is spontaneous recovery. To determine if the excessive mucus results from secretion of abnormal mucus or from accumulation of normal mucus, we analyzed the lipids in mucus from eight quadriplegic patients. Lipids were separated from other constituents of the mucus by density gradient ultracentrifugation, extracted with chloroform-methanol (2:1), and examined by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Cholesterol was the major neutral lipid; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, and sphingomyelin were the main phospholipids. Glycolipids were predominant, lactosylceramide (CDH) being the highest in amount. Two-dimensional HPTLC as well as high-performance lipid chromatography also revealed the presence of gangliosides: comparison with standards in...
An access protection solution for heavy load unfairness in DQDB

The authors discuss the unfairness issue arising in a 802.6 distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) network at heavy loads. Based on the 802.6 protocol, the end-nodes along a bus experience longer delays than the other nodes. The origin and remedy for this heavy load unfairness problem are discussed. An access control scheme is proposed as a solution. A comparison of the proposed scheme with the 802.6 protocol is presented. The simulation results and performance characteristics are discussed under several types of loads. With symmetric load conditions under the proposed scheme, all active nodes along a bus experience almost the same access delay and packet loss characteristics. The performance under several other load conditions was also found to be satisfactory. >
Constructing videocases to help novices learn to facilitate discussions in science and English: how does subject matter matter?

Learning to conduct interactive classroom discussions is a high priority for becoming an effective teacher, and most teachers view conducting productive classroom discussions as a complex undertaking. Because the dynamics of facilitating classroom discussions are multifaceted and hard to analyze in real time, there is a growing interest in how video allows preservice teachers to examine records of their practice to promote further growth. What prospective teachers actually take away from analysis of video, however, needs further exploration. In this study, we explored five preservice student teachers’ beliefs about conducting discussions and probed the potential of videocase construction for supporting teacher learning by investigating the following question: ‘To what extent and how does making a videocase help preservice teachers investigate their facilitation of a subject‐specific discussion?’ Results revealed that by constructing and talking about their videocases, all five preservice teachers gained i...
Respiratory Distress in an Infant: An Uncommon Cause for a Common Complaint.

Abstract Background Respiratory distress and tachycardia are common presenting complaints in infants and young children, and evaluation typically focuses on respiratory infections. Tachydysrhythmias causing heart failure are rare and can be difficult to diagnose in young children, but are reversible if recognized and treated early. Case Report We discuss a 7-week-old female infant who presented with respiratory distress and persistent tachycardia. Evaluation revealed severe cardiac dysfunction with an underlying atrial flutter discovered on electrocardiography after adenosine administration. Rate control by synchronized electrocardioversion resulted in resolution of symptoms and restoration of cardiac function, confirming the diagnosis of atrial flutter–induced cardiomyopathy. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? Persistent or inappropriate tachycardia in a young child should not be dismissed and underlying dysrhythmia should be considered.
Vertebrate brains and evolutionary connectomics: on the origins of the mammalian 'neocortex'.

The organization of the non-mammalian forebrain had long puzzled neurobiologists. Unlike typical mammalian brains, the telencephalon is not organized in a laminated ‘cortical’ manner, with distinct...
Molecular Biology of Hepatitis B Virus: A Review

Molecular cloning of hepatitis B viral DNA and subsequent expression of cloned genes in heterologous hosts have allowed circumvention of the constraints posed by the lack of tissue culture systems and laboratory animal models. The genes for the antigenically characterized viral proteins (HBsAg, HBcAg, and HBeAg) have been localized. In addition, sequencing of viral DNA has led to the identification of regions of the genome which could encode viral proteins that have not been characterized. HBV has been recognized as a member of a new and medically relevant class of viruses. The knowledge accumulated about HBV will facilitate the understanding of the role of the virus in acute and chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the clinical arena, these advances promise to have profound impact in the form of additional diagnostic assays and a safer vaccine.
Intracellular FRET-based probes: a review.

Probes that exploit Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) in their feedback mechanism are touted for their sensitivity, robustness, and low background, and thanks to the exceptional distance dependence of the energy transfer process, they provide a means of probing lengthscales well below the resolution of light. These attributes make FRET-based probes superbly suited to an intracellular environment, and recent developments in biofunctionalization and expansion of imaging capabilities have put them at the forefront of intracellular studies. Here, we present an overview of the engineering and execution of a variety of recent intracellular FRET probes, highlighting the diversity of this class of materials and the breadth of application they have found in the intracellular environment.
Clients Don't Come Cheap: The Unconstitutional Texas Client Solicitation Laws May Cost Practitioners Millions

Many states have tried to impose laws that prohibit attorneys from using direct-mail to solicit employment from accident victims and arrestees. This Comment explores the harsh reality of the Texas client solicitation laws (Tex. Gov’t Code Ann. § 82.0651 (West 2011); Tex. Penal Code Ann. § 38.12 (West 2009)) and the uncertainties attorneys face because of the vague, and often unclear, interpretations of the laws. The Texas Criminal and Civil Barratry laws are unconstitutional because they violate an attorney’s First and Fourteenth Amendment rights to commercial free speech. This comment provides the following: (1) a brief overview of the laws that regulate an attorney’s ability to solicit business from clients; (2) court cases that address the current trends in solicitation laws across the country; (3) the difference between soliciting business from accident victims (in civil cases) and arrestees (in criminal cases); (4) the Texas Criminal and Civil Barratry Statutes and a description of the flaws in these laws; (5) an explanation of how the Texas Barratry Statutes violate the First Amendment; (6) policy reasons on why the statutes should be held unconstitutional, and; (7) suggestions on what attorneys should do until the issue is resolved.
Psychopharmacology: An Historical Perspective

This article explores the field of psychopharmacology from an historical perspective. Part 1 traces the uses throughout history of psychoactive substances that are widely abused by modern society. Part 2 examines the development in the 1950s and 1960s of drugs and other physical methods that have revolutionized the treatment of the mentally ill.
Toll-like receptor-5 agonist, entolimod, suppresses metastasis and induces immunity by stimulating an NK-dendritic-CD8+ T-cell axis.

Activation of an anticancer innate immune response is highly desirable because of its inherent ability to generate an adaptive antitumor T-cell response. However, insufficient safety of innate immune modulators limits clinical use to topical applications. Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonists are favorably positioned as potential systemic immunotherapeutic agents because of unusual tissue specificity of expression, uniquely safe profile of induced cytokines, and antitumor efficacy demonstrated in a number of animal models. Here, we decipher the molecular and cellular events underlying the metastasis suppressive activity of entolimod, a clinical stage TLR5 agonist that activates NF-κB–, AP-1–, and STAT3–driven immunomodulatory signaling pathways specifically within the liver. Used as a single agent in murine colon and mammary metastatic cancer models, entolimod rapidly induces CXCL9 and -10 that support homing of blood-borne CXCR3-expressing NK cells to the liver predominantly through an IFN-γ signaling independent mechanism. NK cell-dependent activation of dendritic cells is followed by stimulation of a CD8+ T-cell response, which exert both antimetastatic effect of entolimod and establishment of tumor-specific and durable immune memory. These results define systemically administered TLR5 agonists as organ-specific immunoadjuvants, enabling efficient antitumor vaccination that does not depend on identification of tumor-specific antigens.
Prediction and Experimental Correlation of Tooth Root Strains in Spur Gear Pairs

Spur gear tooth root strains are calculated using a finite element/contact mechanics formulation for varying gear speeds and applied torques. Extensive comparisons with experiments, including those from the literature and new ones, confirm that the finite element/contact mechanics formulation accurately predicts the quasi-static and dynamic tooth root strains. The finite element/contact mechanics model is used to investigate the features of the tooth root strain curves as the gears rotate kinematically and the tooth contact conditions change. Tooth profile modifications are shown to strongly affect the shape of the strain curve. At non-resonant speeds the dynamic tooth root strain curves have similar shapes as the quasi-static strain curves. At resonant speeds, however, the dynamic tooth root strain curves are drastically different because large amplitude vibration causes tooth contact loss.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
[un]wired

[un]wired is a live-processing installation that responds to interactions from personal radio-frequency devices such as mobile phones, WiFi signals, Bluetooth signals, and car-key fobs. It tracks real-time statistical information from wireless "mesh" access points (designed for seamless handoff of moving wireless traffic, like a cell phone network), along with periodically updated information from hand-held and wireless access points. Control information is collected from network services via SQL and transferred into Max/MSP/Jitter.
Abstract 2967: Nucleolin phosphorylation by CK2 modulates its role in cell cycle checkpoint activation

Nucleolin is a multifunctional abundant nucleolar protein and its gene expression is transactivated by the proto-oncogene c-myc during exponential cellular growth. This non-ribosomal protein is a major nucleolar phosphoprotein which is involved in ribosomal RNA processing, RNA polymerase I-catalyzed transcription, and the regulation of apoptosis, demonstrating both positive and negative effects on cell proliferation. During an unperturbed cell-cycle, interphase (CK2) and mitotic (Cdc2) kinases regulate nucleolin phosphorylation, modulating its function and nucleolar localization. Following cellular stress, nucleolin has been shown to inhibit chromosomal replication and to relay nucleolar stress signals mediated by its re-localization within the nucleus. Nucleolin also interacts with prominent components of the ARF (Alternate Reading Frame)/p53 checkpoint pathway that controls growth upon oncogenic stress signals. We have previously demonstrated that nucleolin binds to the p53-antagonist Hdm2, inhibits Hdm2-mediated degradation of p53 and causes p53-mediated apoptosis in an ARF-independent manner. Here we further dissect role/s of nucleolin phosphorylation in regulating the ARF/p53 checkpoint. We have generated a novel system by engineering human osteocarcinoma (NARF6) cells to induce expression of nucleolin-wt (wild-type) or -S6A (a phospho-mutant with six consensus site serines mutated to alanine, impairing phosphorylation by CK2). This novel system can control expression of both nucleolin and ARF by different promoters, allowing us to dissect the downstream events that are solely nucleolin- or ARF- dependent, or regulated by both. We found that increased levels of nucleolin-S6A significantly decreased ARF protein levels as compared to nucleolin-wt. Nucleolin-S6A was significantly more nucleoplasmic and, interestingly, cells that express S6A lacked nucleolar ARF expression. Although a dramatic loss in both ARF and p21 protein levels is evident with nucleolin-S6A expression, there was a net increase in p53 levels. Significantly, nucleolin-S6A expression caused an increase in the fraction of G1 cells in an ARF-independent manner. Thus, reduction of nucleolin phosphorylation by CK2 acts as a molecular switch causing the sub-nuclear re-localization of both nucleolin and ARF. These events lead to p53 activation, and the control of growth in both normal and stressed cells. These results also provide validation of our unique cellular system that allows us to manipulate nucleolin wt and mutant levels, facilitating the study of its physiological functions. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2967. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2967
THE "TRADE DRESS" CONTROVERSY: A CASE OF STRATEGIC CROSS-BRAND CANNIBALIZATION

National and private brands have been waging a war for at least the last seventy-five years to gain customer acceptance and loyalty. The stability of the branding environment has been brought into question by recent copycat private branding strategies by major food chains. The look-a-like “trade dress” uses all the visual cues, i.e., shape, size, color and the like, of the established national brand to attract consumers’ attention while in the shopping environment. Retailers are using a cross-brand cannibalization strategy which sells the look-a-like private label off of the retail traffic of the nationally branded products. This paper examines the current legal environment and the resulting opportunity for retailers to use the cross-brand cannibalization strategy. A case history of three retailers using variations of copycat branding are presented to illustrate the impact of such strategies.
Sorting and Searching Behind the Curtain: Private Outsourced Sort and Frequency-Based Ranking of Search Results Over Encrypted Data.

We study the problem of private outsourced sorting of encrypted data. We start by proposing a novel sorting protocol that allows a user to outsource his data to a cloud server in an encrypted form and then request the server to perform computations on this data and sort the result. To perform the sorting the server is assisted by a secure coprocessor with minimal computational and memory resources. The server and the coprocessor are assumed to be honest but curious, i.e., they honestly follow the protocol but are interested in learning more about the user data. We refer to the new protocol as private outsourced sorting since it guarantees that neither the server nor the coprocessor learn anything about user data as long as they are non-colluding. We formally define private outsourced sorting and provide an efficient construction that is based on semi-homomorphic encryption. As an application of our private sort, we present MRSE: the first scheme for outsourced search over encrypted data that efficiently answers multi-term queries with the result ranked using frequency of query terms in the data, while maintaining data privacy. To construct MRSE we use searchable encryption techniques combined with our new private sort framework. Finally, although not discussed in this work, we believe that our private sort framework can turn out to be an important tool for more applications that require outsourced sorting while maintaining data privacy, e.g., database queries.
On the ultrastructure of the male reproductive tract in the Siberian hamster (Phodopus sungorus campbelli). I. The ductuli efferentes

The efferent ducts of the Siberian hamster were studied using transmission electron microscopy. Structural evidence indicates the presence of three cell types. First, in the nonciliated cell, the apical cytoplasm was replete with coated vesicles and pits and several classes of tubular profiles. Dense fields of microvilli characterize the apices of these cells. Populations of dense bodies were present together with large nonmembrane-bound structures containing membrane fragments and amorphous, homogeneously electron-dense material. The significance of the latter 'juxtanuclear bodies' remains unresolved. Basally, elaborate plasma membrane interdigitations and intercellular canaliculi suggest the possibility of intercellular transport. Second, a cell was identified whose surface was replete with microvilli, among which were scant numbers of true cilia. Ciliogenesis was evident. Despite dense populations of microvilli, these cells exhibited none of tubular complexes characteristic of nonciliated cells. Third, there were cells whose surfaces exhibited dense populations of cilia and scant numbers of microvilli. Coated vesicles and apical tubular complexes were absent, but these cells contained multivesicular bodies, lysosomes and lipofuscin granules. Structural evidence points to three functionally different cell types in Siberian hamster efferent ducts.
Shadow cell basal cell carcinoma with acantholysis.

1 present histologic documentation of a unique basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in which shadow cells formed the major cellular component along with extensive acantholysis and the development of ringed shadow cells. This neoplasm contained trichohyalin granules, which are indisputable evidence of follicular differentiation. Shadow cells rarely are encountered within BCCs and generally form relatively small components. Such neoplasms have been labeled BCC with matrical differentiation. Because of nonspecificity and ambiguity, I propose that this terminology be abandoned and replaced by shadow cell BCC.
MO-AB-204-02: IHE RAD

You've experienced the frustration: vendor A's device claims to work with vendor B's device, but the practice doesn't match the promise. Getting devices working together is the hidden art that Radiology and Radiation Oncology staff have to master. To assist with that difficult process, the Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) effort was established in 1998, with the coordination of the Radiological Society of North America. Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) is a consortium of healthcare professionals and industry partners focused on improving the way computer systems interconnect and exchange information. This is done by coordinating the use of published standards like DICOM and HL7. Several clinical and operational IHE domains exist in the healthcare arena, including Radiology and Radiation Oncology. The ASTRO-sponsored IHE Radiation Oncology (IHE-RO) domain focuses on radiation oncology specific information exchange. This session will explore the IHE Radiology and IHE RO process for; IHE solicitation process for new profiles. Improving the way computer systems interconnect and exchange information in the healthcare enterprise Supporting interconnectivity descriptions and proof of adherence by vendors Testing and assuring the vendor solutions to connectivity problems. Including IHE profiles in RFPs for future software and hardware purchases. Learning Objectives: 1.Understand IHE role in improving interoperability in health care. 2.Understand process of profile development and implantation. 3.Understand how vendors prove adherence to IHE RO profiles. S. Hadley, ASTRO Supported Activity
Strain Engineering of Thermal Conductivity of Two-Dimensional MoS2 and h-BN

We have used reverse nonequlibrium molecular dynamics modeling to study the impact of uniaxial stretching on the thermal conductivity of monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN). Our results predict an anomalous response of the thermal conductivity of these materials to normal strain. Thermal conductivity of h-BN increases under a tensile strain whereas thermal conductivity of MoS2 remains fairly constant. These are in striking contrast to the impact of tensile strain on the thermal conductivity of three dimensional materials whose thermal conductivity decreases under tensile strain. We investigate the mechanism responsible for this unexpected behavior by studying the impact of tensile strain on the phonon dispersion curves and group velocities of these materials.
A Cost-Effective Approach to Sequence Hundreds of Complete Mitochondrial Genomes.

We present a cost-effective approach to sequence whole mitochondrial genomes for hundreds of individuals. Our approach uses small reaction volumes and unmodified (non-phosphorylated) barcoded adaptors to minimize reagent costs. We demonstrate our approach by sequencing 383 Fundulus sp. mitochondrial genomes (192 F. heteroclitus and 191 F. majalis). Prior to sequencing, we amplified the mitochondrial genomes using 4–5 custom-made, overlapping primer pairs, and sequencing was performed on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. After removing low quality and short sequences, 2.9 million and 2.8 million reads were generated for F. heteroclitus and F. majalis respectively. Individual genomes were assembled for each species by mapping barcoded reads to a reference genome. For F. majalis, the reference genome was built de novo. On average, individual consensus sequences had high coverage: 61-fold for F. heteroclitus and 57-fold for F. majalis. The approach discussed in this paper is optimized for sequencing mitochondrial genomes on an Illumina platform. However, with the proper modifications, this approach could be easily applied to other small genomes and sequencing platforms.
Management of Hypertensive Crisis for the Obstetrician/Gynecologist

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are among the leading preventable contributors of maternal and fetal adverse outcomes, including maternal and fetal death. Blood pressure increase has a strong association with unfavorable pregnancy outcomes, including stroke and pulmonary edema. A persistent blood pressure measurement greater than or equal to 160/110 mm Hg lasting for more than 15 minutes, during pregnancy or postpartum, is considered an obstetric emergency and requires rapid appropriate treatment. Following evidence-based guidelines, implementing institutional polices, and understanding the classification and pathophysiology of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are essential and can significantly improve the rate of preventable complications.
Payer-hospital collaboration to improve patient satisfaction with hospital discharge.

Article-at-a-Glance Background Brigham and Women's Hospital, in Boston, and its major health maintenance organization (HMO), Harvard Community Health Plan, collected data in spring 1994 which revealed that patients were less satisfied with hospital discharge planning than with other elements of care. Problem identification process An interdisciplinary team, formed in November 1994 and composed of eight members from the hospital and HMO, used data from the hospital's Patient Satisfaction Survey, flowcharting, and phone interviews with patients to identify discharge planning–related problems. For example, follow-up contact with patients after discharge was erratic and no clear signal of the successful "hand off" of care from the hospital team to the community team existed. Improvement Cycle 1 Eighty-three percent of the payer's patients that received the improvement strategy developed by the interdisciplinary team–a concierge service–rated discharge planning as excellent or very good, compared to 63% of control patients. Improvement Cycle 2: Plan solutions/strategies for improving hospital discharge planning The results of the team's Cycle 1 improvements provided information for the team to use in designing a second cycle of incremental improvement activity. For example, to address the lack of clarity about who was responsible for making decisions about discharge and follow-up care, the attending physician was designated the transition-of-care coordinator. Once all the improvements were implemented, Cycle 2 patients who received the intervention rated satisfaction with discharge higher (83% versus 73%) than the control group. Conclusions Implications of hospitalwide implementation of discharge planning–related services attempted on one unit are being considered.
Experimental and Monte Carlo investigation of the light collection efficiency of heterogeneous scintillation flow cell detectors

Experiments were conducted and then modeled with Monte Carlo methods to evaluate the impact of optical and geometrical properties on light collection efficiency of heterogeneous scintillation flow-cell detectors. Light collection measurements were made by placing a photon source, ZnS(Ag) scintillator attached to an /sup 241/Am alpha point source, at a fixed distance from a photomultiplier tube (PMT). Non-scintillating glass beads, contained in a mobile phase to simulate a flow-cell detector, were positioned between the photon source and the PMT. The index of refraction, n, of the mobile phase, and the number of layers of glass beads were investigated. The three mobile phases chosen were air (n=1), water (n=1.33) and methylnaphthalene (n=1.62); and the diameter of the glass beads (n=1.5) was 115 /spl mu/m. Results showed that the light collection efficiency decreased with increasing number of bead layers Comparisons between the experimental and Monte Carlo model results are presented.
Abstract B01: pRb activates mitochondrial metabolism and promotes differentiation through the histone demethylase Kdm5a

While largely studied for its role in cell cycle progression, pRb tumor suppressor is also responsible for differentiation. Cells isolated from Rb knockout animals (Rb1-/-), when induced for differentiation, display defects in induction of differentiation markers. Previous studies in our laboratory identified a critical pRB-interacting protein, Kdm5a, which loss rescued the differentiation defect. Kdm5a is a histone demethylase that is specific to the chromatin modification characteristic of active chromatin, histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation. We found that Kdm5a binds to many genes with function in the mitochondria. Analysis of Rb1-/- mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) revealed that the mitochondrial genes were down-regulated, but expression of these genes was rescued upon knockout of Kdm5a. Strikingly, overexpression of the factor required for mitochondrial biosynthesis Pgc-1α or the mitofusin protein Mfn2, was sufficient to rescue the differentiation defect in Rb1-/- MEFs. The rescue of differentiation by loss of Kdm5a or by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis revealed the mitochondrial activation as an essential step in restoring differentiation. Here we investigate which specific mitochondrial function is involved in the differentiation rescue, using metabolic flux analysis and gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. We present the evidence that Rb1-deficient MEFs have a decreased oxidative capacity compared to the wild type MEFs, while loss of Kdm5a results in a highly increased respiration and TCA cycle metabolites. Overexpression of Pgc-1α and Mfn2 increased oxidative capacity in parallel with the differentiation rescue. In contrast, knockdown of Mfn2 inhibited oxidation as well as differentiation. Similar experiments conducted in Pgc-1α-/- MEFs were consistent with the role for Pgc-1α in increasing oxidative capacity. The data on establishing the link between mitochondrial function and differentiation are important because they may have implications in developing restorative, differentiation-based therapies. Citation Format: Renata Varaljai, Abul B.M.M.K. Islam, Nicholas J. Dyson, Elizaveta V. Benevolenskaya. pRb activates mitochondrial metabolism and promotes differentiation through the histone demethylase Kdm5a. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr B01.
Analysis of time-dependent travel time reliability for urban corridors: A cast study in houston

some urban corridors see serious congestion during rush hours, but travel time is still predictable; while others may not suffer from heavy congestion but exhibit high travel time unreliability. The latter case usually makes motorists more frustrated. Moreover, empirical studies show that the level of unreliability varies over time of day. Using the collected travel time and travel speed data, this paper aims to build a time-dependent travel time reliability inventory for major urban corridors in the Houston metropolitan area.
An alternative parameterization of R-matrix theory

Abstract An alternative parameterization of R -matrix theory is described which is mathematically equivalent to the standard approach, but which has no level shifts. The positions and partial widths of an arbitrary number of levels can thus be easily fixed in an analysis. These alternative parameters can be converted to standard R -matrix parameters by a straightforward matrix diagonalization procedure, and a “level matrix” formulation is possible which allows the collision matrix to be expressed directly in terms of the alternative parameters. The applications to radiative capture reactions and β-delayed particle spectra are briefly discussed.
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics in Children and Adolescents

Abstract Objective: While a number of articles have reviewed the use of long-acting injectable antipsychotics (LAIs) in first-episode psychosis, there has been extremely limited focus on LAIs in children and adolescents. This review of the literature evaluated use of LAIs in children and youth under the age of 18. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of the PubMed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases using keywords related to LAIs, children, and psychiatric conditions, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and schizoaffective disorder. Reports were included if they were in English, conducted between 1971 and 2015, and reported on use of LAIs in individuals less than the age of 18. Results: The search identified seven reports including one open-label trial, three case reports, and three case series. No controlled trials were found. Sample sizes ranged from 1 to 19 with a total of 36 individuals in all cases combined. Mean sample age was 12.1 ± 2.2 in the open-label trial and calculated to ...
Diffusion of digital breast tomosynthesis among women in primary care: associations with insurance type.

Digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) has shown potential to improve breast cancer screening and diagnosis compared to digital mammography (DM). The FDA approved DBT use in conjunction with conventional DM in 2011, but coverage was approved by CMS recently in 2015. Given changes in coverage policies, it is important to monitor diffusion of DBT by insurance type. This study examined DBT trends and estimated associations with insurance type. From June 2011 to September 2014, DBT use in 22 primary care centers in the Dartmouth -Brigham and Women's Hospital Population-based Research Optimizing Screening through Personalized Regimens research center (PROSPR) was examined among women aged 40-89. A longitudinal repeated measures analysis estimated the proportion of DBT performed for screening or diagnostic indications over time and by insurance type. During the study period, 93,182 mammograms were performed on 48,234 women. Of these exams, 16,506 DBT tests were performed for screening (18.1%) and 2537 were performed for diagnosis (15.7%). Between 2011 and 2014, DBT utilization increased in all insurance groups. However, by the latest observed period, screening DBT was used more frequently under private insurance (43.4%) than Medicaid (36.2%), Medicare (37.8%), other (38.6%), or no insurance (32.9%; P < 0.0001). No sustained differences in use of DBT for diagnostic testing were seen by insurance type. DBT is increasingly used for breast cancer screening and diagnosis. Use of screening DBT may be associated with insurance type. Surveillance is required to ensure that disparities in breast cancer screening are minimized as DBT becomes more widely available.
Who Should Inhabit Leisure? Disability, Embodiment, and Access to Leisure

This chapter explores who should inhabit or have access to leisure? The purpose of the chapter is to expose the discourses surrounding access of people with disabilities to leisure experiences. From this frame, we discuss ways in which access to leisure is shaped around discourses of the body, how discourses of the body are a response (e.g., political, cultural, historical, and theoretical) to difference, and ways in which leisure can be understood based on the various discourses surrounding embodiment of people with disabilities. One point of discussion is the social context of embodiment and disability. Specifically, we discuss how context shapes discourses around embodiment and disability. Lastly, the chapter considers the ways the discourses around disability shape the leisure discussion with a focus on how some differences are valued and others are not.
DESIGNING DIELECTRIC ELASTOMERS OVER MULTIPLE LENGTH SCALES FOR 21ST CENTURY SOFT MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES

ABSTRACT Dielectric elastomers (DEs) constitute an increasingly important category of electroactive polymers. They are in a class of generally soft materials that, upon exposure to an electric stimulus, respond by changing size, shape, or both. Derived from network-forming macromolecules, DEs are lightweight, robust and scalable, and they are capable of exhibiting giant electroactuation strains, high electromechanical efficiencies, and relatively low strain-cycling hysteresis over a broad range of electric fields. Due primarily to their attractive electromechanical attributes, DEs are of growing interest in diverse biomedical, (micro)robotic, and analytical technologies. Since the seminal studies of these electroresponsive materials (initially fabricated mainly from chemically cross-linked acrylic and silicone elastomers), advances in materials design over multiple length scales have resulted in not only improved electromechanical performance but also better mechanistic understanding. We first review the ...