cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The (Dynamic) Mind in the Cave: Representational Space of Cave Paintings and Petroglyphs

Four experiments examined whether reported looming of cave paintings and petroglyphs was due to representational momentum. Participants viewed a target photograph of a cave painting or petroglyph, ...
Comment on "Quantum dynamics of Kaluza-Klein theories"

The effective potential derived by Appelquist and Chodos is indeed the Casimir energy. Here it is derived using only quantum-mechanical methods.
Mission Statements in U.S. Colleges of Business: An Empirical Examination of Their Content With Linkages to Configurations and Performance

Mission statements are an increasingly important component for accreditation of universities and colleges of business. Thus, understanding similarities and differences in the content of mission statements of business schools is especially timely. To provide insights concerning the use of missions in colleges of business, we analyzed the content of mission statements from 408 AACSB schools and explored relations between mission content and measures of business school characteristics, including performance. Overall, there was considerable variance in the content of organizational missions. Using a previously established framework to analyze mission content, we found business school missions generally lacked comprehensiveness. Relying on a quasi-balanced scorecard approach, we found differences in business school performance were related to mission content. Last, we were able to detect distinctions among configurations of business schools in the use of mission statement components and performance. Overall, t...
Prototypical Interpretation of Lexical Change

Lexical change undertakes various forms.Previous studies concerning this topic inclined to be descriptive and hence did not explain its causes for change and its continuous process.The prototype theory,within the frame of cognitive linguistics,is proved to be efficient in providing explanations for those issues.
Operation Effect of Tuberculosis Prevention Policy in Liuzhou City

[Objective]By analyzing the problems in management of tuberculosis(TB) prevention and control in Liuzhou city,to further coordinate the prevention and control system,study new working mode,provide service for decision-making,so as to improve the management level of TB in Liuzhou city. [Methods]The change of effect before and after implementation of TB prevention and control plan was analyzed quantitatively. [Results]The TB prevention policy in Liuzhou city strengthened the power of TB control.The management rate of directly observed therapy short course(DOTS) reached 90%.The cure rate of new smear-positive cases increased from 84.11% to 91.00%,the course completion rate of smear-negative cases increased from 76.07% to 81.08%,the lost rate decreased,and total achievement rate was improved. [Conclusion]The reasonable allocation of medical resources can increase the equity and accessibility of TB control management.TB control policy in Liuzhou city should be further perfected,the system reform needs to be explored continuously,TB control should be developed scientifically,and increasing financial investment is the effective guarantee of TB prevention and control.The control measures of TB medical expenses is the important guarantee to improve the commonweal of TB control and solve the problem of "difficulty and high cost of getting medical service" among TB patients.
Development of Cr : LiSAF blue laser for medicine

The paper mainly illustrates the development of the Cr: LiSAF blue laser for medicine. This device is pumped by two-lamp, and the maximal blue light output energy is 50 millijoules and the lifetime of the pulse is 20μs. And the emission wavelength is 430nm. So it can be used in medical experiments.
SP0146 Drugs Causing Muscle Disease

Many drugs prescribed by physicians have the potential to cause muscle damage. Among the most common of these are statin medications. Although statins are effective at reducing the risk of life-threatening cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, they may cause mild muscle symptoms without weakness or CK elevations in 5-10% of those who take them. In a small number of cases, patients may experience mild to moderate weakness and/or CK elevations. And very rarely, patients may develop severe rhabodomyolysis as a result of statin exposure. In most cases, statin toxicity is self-limited and stopping the statin results in resolution of the symptoms within days to months. Frequently, a different statin or the same statin at a lower dose may be restarted and will be tolerated well by the patient. However, some patients are not able to tolerate an effective dose of any statin. Various factors predispose patients to self-limited statin intolerance, including statin dose, other prescribed medications, and genetic susceptibility. Very rarely, statin exposure is associated with an autoimmune myopathy with autoantibodies recognizing anti-HMG-CoA reductase; patients with self-limited statin toxicity do not have anti-HMG-CoA reductase autoantibodies. Patients with autoimmune statin myopathy generally have proximal muscle weakness, marked CK elevations (mean peak CK of around 10,000 IU/L), and muscle biopsies with prominent necrosis and minimal lymphocytic infiltrates. Once this process is initiated, the myopathy progresses even after the statin is discontinued and treatment with immunosuppressive agents is required to control the disease. Many patients with statin-associated anti-HMG-CoA reductase myopathy need treatment with multiple agents to achieve remission. The disease often flares with tapering of immunosuppression or statin re-challenge. Other myotoxic medications include colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, and high dose prednisone. Fortunately, myopathies associated with these drugs will resolve with discontinuation of the offending drug. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Racial and Ethnic Minorities with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in the United States: A Systematic Review of Disease Characteristics and Differences.

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has predominantly affected whites, particularly Ashkenazi Jews. Over the last 2 decades, IBD has "emerged" in minorities. Differences in natural history and disease characteristics have been suggested. The objective of this systematic review is to summarize these differences in studies from the United States. METHODS A structured search was performed within the Medline database through PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases. Published studies of genetics, pathogenesis, prevalence or incidence, disease location and behavior, extraintestinal manifestations, disparities and access to care in patients with IBD who are of African American, Asian, and Hispanic descent living in the United States were eligible. RESULTS A total of 47 studies were included for African Americans (n = 20,054), Hispanics (n = 10,762), and Asians (n = 2668). The incidence and prevalence of IBD is increasing among minorities. There is less of a genetic influence in the pathogenesis of IBD among African Americans; however, novel variants have been identified. There is a predilection for pancolonic ulcerative colitis among Hispanics and Asians. Crohn's disease-related hospitalizations are increasing in Asians, whereas African Americans are more likely to use the emergency department. No major differences are seen in disease location and behavior, upper gastrointestinal tract, and perianal involvement and extraintestinal manifestations among races and ethnic groups. Medication utilization seems to be similar. Differences in surgery are likely explained by health insurance status. CONCLUSIONS Future prospective studies are needed to fully characterize disease characteristics and treatment response among minorities. With novel IBD therapies in the pipeline, enrollment in clinical trials should emphasize increased representation of all races and ethnic groups.
Recovering a Living Poet: The Poetry of Herbert Woodward Martin

In 2004, Ronald Primeau published Herbert Woodward Martin and the African American Tradition in Poetry , chronicling the poet's expansive career in the creative arts. Arguably Primeau published the monograph to generate interest in his long-term friend's poetry and bring with it the promise of critical attention and scholarship. Unfortunately, such promises have not yet been fulfilled. In my project, I pick up where Primeau left off, reviewing Martin's entire poetical canon and making a case to recover this great African American poet. The main question I address pertains to why his work is not read or included in anthologies, despite his being a prolific writer. After establishing a well-researched definition of the Black Aesthetic and how African-American poets deal with this aesthetic, I argue that Martin's poetry harbors an independent aesthetic for an African American poet in the time in which he is writing, primarily from the late 1960s to the early 1980s. During the Black Arts Movement, Martin's aesthetic places him with a group of poets—famously including American poet Robert Hayden—who stand on the side of the main attention of the movement due to the fact that their poetic aesthetic was not as assertive or political as desired by Black Arts poets of the time. Martin's desire for literary autonomy has contributed to his obscurity within the movement, and within the present-day African-American literary canon.
Impaired Oculomotor Control and Videonystagmogram Findings in a Case of Rhombencephalosynapsis (P02.263)

OBJECTIVE: To describe clinical manifestations with special emphasis on oculomotor findings and video nystagmogram in an adult patient with rhombencephalosynapsis. The characterization of these abnormalities may help in understanding the role of cerebellum in oculomotor control. BACKGROUND: Rhombencephalosynapsis is a rare congenital abnormality characterized by dorsal fusion of the cerebellar hemispheres, fusion of dentate nuclei and superior cerebellar peduncles. Clinical presentation of rhombencephalosynapsis is very variable. Documentation and description of oculomotor findings in literature is sparse. There has been no report of video/electronystagmogram findings. DESIGN/METHODS: Clinical examination, neuroradiological and neurophysiological oculomotor testing was conducted on our patient. RESULTS: We report the case of a 36 year old right handed male patient who presented after head trauma due to an assault. Examination showed scanning dysarthria, saccadic eye movements, spontaneous and gaze evoked nystagmus, dysmetria and ataxia in upper and lower extremities and broad based ataxic gait with tendency to fall to either side. MRI Brain showed dorsal fusion of cerebellar folia, hypoplastic vermis and mild ventriculomegaly without significant supratentorial abnormalities consistent with mild partial rhombencephalosynapsis. Video nystagmogram showed markedly impaired static gaze holding with constant pendular cyclorotation with intrusive saccades. Nystagmus in the direction of lateralization and intrusive saccades were noted on horizontal and vertical gaze holdings. Large saccades and constant pendular horizontal shifting were noted with lateral head and body positions. Dynamic gaze holding was also markedly impaired with prolonged horizontal and downward latencies of saccades. Pursuit was also saccadic, disorganized and hypometric. CONCLUSIONS: Saccadic intrusions and pendular cyclorotation were the primary oculomotor abnormalities in our patient with hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis. When combined with other observations in the patient, those ocular findings may enrich our understanding of cerebellar functions and can be helpful with clinical diagnosis. Disclosure: Dr. Shankar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Li has nothing to disclose.
International Monetary Policy Transmission under a Currency Board: An Empirical Investigation

By using a block-exogenous vector autoregressive model and the data of a small open economy under a currency board, this paper gains several advantages in examining the empirical relevance of open economy macroeconomic theories regarding international monetary policy transmission. The results support that the interest rate channel is more significant than the trade balance channel. In response to a U.S. contractionary monetary shock, the interest rate of the small economy overshoots in the short run and deflates the economy so excessively that domestic currency depreciates and net exports revive, and that, in turn, eases the negative impact on domestic output.
Tools for Treating Panic Disorder Among Latinos

A substantial number of Spanish-speaking individuals are impacted by panic disorder. Resources for clinicians who work with this group are limited. This chapter provides useful information for working Spanish-speaking Latinos who have panic disorder as well as several tools that can be used with Spanish-speaking clients. The following information and resources are provided in this chapter: Brief overview of current research on evidence-based practices with Latino populations with panic disorder. Cultural consideration therapists should be aware of and employ in their work with Latino populations with panic disorder (help the provider modify current treatment practices). Session plan complete with worksheets and culturally relevant examples.
Effects of gas relative permeability hysteresis and solubility on associated CO2 storage performance

Abstract CO2 enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has been carried out in the Bell Creek oil field since 2013. Together with the encouraging oil production results, a considerable quantity of CO2 has also been trapped in the reservoir as a normal part of the EOR process, also referred to as associated storage. Because of the complex geologic conditions in the field, a series of experimental and modeling work have been conducted to better understand the CO2 EOR and associated storage performance in the reservoir. Effects of gas relative permeability hysteresis and solubility on associated CO2 storage performance are thoroughly investigated in this study. A proportion of injected CO2 remains behind through residual and solubility trapping mechanisms when CO2 flows through a reservoir during a CO2 EOR process. Over 50 core plugs were collected from the reservoir to characterize the rock properties. Mineralogical analysis and capillary pressure measurements showed that the mineral composition and pore-size distribution in the reservoir are favorable for residual trapping of CO2. The hysteresis of gas relative permeability was measured to assess the effect of residual trapping on associated CO2 storage using steady-state relative permeability tests and reservoir simulation. The reservoir oil was characterized based on pressure–volume–temperature experiments and Peng–Robinson equation of state modeling, which showed that CO2 solubility in oil is much greater (≥5 times) than in water. Results indicated that depleted oil reservoirs have great potential to store a huge quantity of CO2 associated with EOR operations, as residual oil saturation is 0.3 or greater in most conventional oil reservoirs after water flooding.
Prostaglandin Regulation of Gene Expression and Growth in Normal and Malignant Tissues

Prostaglandins bind with cell surface receptors and cause an activation of adenylate cyclase and generation of adenosine 3′5′ cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) (1,2). C-AMP is thought to play a central role in the regulation of cell growth since the growth of many types of cultured cells is arrested by adding exogenous dibutyryl adenosine 3′5′ cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP) (3,4). In 1971, a report by Pastan and Johnson demonstrated that growth of L-929 cells was inhibited by prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). Like epinephrine and glucagon, many prostaglandins are able to trigger the adenylate cyclase enzyme in the cell membrane and stimulate a rise in cAMP; it was therefore postulated that the block in cell growth caused by PGE1 was solely due to the increased intracellular concentration of cAMP (5). Since that time many investigators have shown that prostaglandins with an α,β unsaturated ketone ring structure inhibit cell growth (1,6–10) in normal and malignant cells. In this paper, we demonstrate using cell mutants that the growth inhibitory prostaglandins do not require cAMP or protein kinase mediated mechanism. In addition, we discuss the finding that inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis causes inhibition of osteoblast cell growth.
Modeling ocean, rail, and truck transportation flows to support policy analysis

Freight transportation represents about 9.5% of GDP in the U.S., it is responsible for about 8% of greenhouse gas emissions, and supports the import and export of about 3.6 trillion in international trade. It is therefore important that the national freight transportation system is designed and operated efficiently. Hence, this paper develops a mathematical model to estimate international and domestic freight flows across ocean, rail, and truck modes, which can be used to study the impacts of changes in our infrastructure, as well as the imposition of new user fees and changes in operating policies. The model integrates a user equilibrium-based logit argument for path selection with a system optimal argument for rail network operations. This leads to the development of a unique solution procedure that is demonstrated in a large-scale analysis focused on all intercity freight and U.S export/import containerized freight. The model results are compared with the reported flow volumes. The model is applied to two case studies: (1) a disruption of the seaports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (LA and LB) similar to the impacts that would be felt in an earthquake; and (2) implementation of new user fees at the California ports.
What is the Role of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Goal Directed Therapy of Heart Failure Patients Presenting with Dyspnea

Background Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) is a non-invasive tool to precisely define maximum exercise capacity with measurement of peak oxygen uptake (pVO2). Combined with other variables, CPX provides a comprehensive characterization of reserve capacity which can then guide the need for treatment. Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate findings in ambulatory heart failure patients undergoing CPX and assess heart failure severity/guide treatment. Methods A total of 96 patients were referred to the cardiology service for CPX testing at a local community hospital during the years of 2016 and 2017. All CPX data and results were interpreted/reported by the heart failure medical director. Results Of the 96 patients who underwent CPX testing, 50 were found to have cardio-metabolic impairment due to heart failure (HF). Of these patients, the mean findings were: age 69, BMI 28.6, mean ejection fraction 36.6%, and 35% female. CPX results were notable for average pVO2 of 1.24 L/min (65.85%), average weight adjusted VO2 of 14.56 mL/kg/min (67.76%) and average VE/VCO2 slope of 36.6. 22% of patients were referred to cardiac rehabilitation. 8% were referred to an LVAD/transplant program, while 32% received optimization of medication regimen in the hospital HF clinic. Primary all-cause of dyspnea was due to deconditioning (22%) compared to cardiac (30.2%), pulmonary (11.45%) or mixed (27.1%) etiology. 2 patients required the use of inotropes, 4 were readmitted for HF exacerbation and there was 1 recorded death. A total of 40 patients who did not follow up with a provider in our EMR were lost to follow-up. Discussion Using CPX we were able to capture the patients presenting with persistent dyspnea with a component of cardio-metabolic etiology. These patients were then referred to our HF program for further management based on symptomatology and response to therapy. Options for management included the addition/titration of evidence-based HF therapy, cardiac rehab, referral to stage D heart failure centers for evaluation of advanced therapies or intervention. We hypothesize that CPX is a valuable tool to discriminate HF severity in ambulatory patients in a community HF setting. Future directions include using CPX to guide HF management in NYHA I-III patients in HFrEF and HFpEF, and risk prediction of stage C patients based on the ability to identify patients for Stage D intervention versus optimization of medication regimen.
Development and Implementation of High Power Hexapole Magnetic Tweezer System for Micromanipulations

This paper presents the design, development and implementation of a novel, high power hexapole magnetic tweezer system for $3\mathbf{D}$ micromanipulations. Six tapering-tipped magnetic poles are deployed in a tilted Cartesian coordinate system, with an electromagnetic coil on each for actuation, connected by two $3\mathbf{D}$ printed magnetic yokes to form a double layer structure. The power source is integrated to the magnetic tweezer system through a control algorithm on the software level; image processing was used for experiment analysis. Because of the high magnetic field that the magnetic coils can generate, the working space in the system is relatively larger than other similar designs, which provides better performance on microscale robotic swimmer manipulations. Simulations and experiments performed in this paper demonstrate the agile and powerful manipulation of microswimmers with desired control input to follow complex trajectories, avoid obstacles and move against micro-flow in the samples. We prove that the developed hexapole magnetic tweezer has enough power and controllability to guide microswimmers in Newtonian and Non-Newtonian fluid environments. The system will be optimized continuously and implemented into cell penetration experiments. Finally, the application will be deployed into in vivo based environments.
Minimally Invasive Aortobiilliofemoral Endarterectomy for Aortoiliac Occlusive Disease Is a Compelling Alternative to Bypass.

Introduction:Aortobifemoral bypass is a time-honored, durable surgery allowing restoration of lower extremity blood. However, the potential for significant complications exists, impacting mortality...
Using Proales similis (Rotifera) for toxicity assessment in marine waters.

There is a need to develop more animal species for assessing toxicity in marine environments. Cyst-based toxicity tests using invertebrates are especially fast, technically simple, cost-effective, and sensitive to a variety of toxicants. Over the past 30 years, a variety of toxicity endpoints have been measured using the marine rotifer Brachionus plicatilis hatched from cysts, including mortality, reproduction, ingestion, swimming, enzyme activity, and gene expression. A consensus has developed that the most ecologically relevant toxicity measurements should be made using more than one species. Furthermore, it has been noted that the rotifer species toxicant sensitivity distribution is much broader than which endpoint is measured. This implies that toxicity should be measured with the simplest, fastest, least expensive test available on as many species as feasible. If a battery of test species is to be used to estimate toxicity, diapause egg-based toxicity tests that do not require culturing of test animals will be key. In this paper, we describe how diapause eggs of a new marine rotifer, Proales similis, can be produced, stored and hatched under controlled conditions to produce animals for toxicity tests. Methods are described for quantifying the toxicity of copper, mercury and cadmium based on mortality, ingestion, reproduction, and diapause egg hatching endpoints. We found that reproduction and ingestion endpoints were generally more sensitive to the metals than mortality or diapause egg hatching. When the copper sensitivity of P. similis was compared to Brachionus manjavacas and B. plicatilis using an ingestion test, similar EC50s were observed. In contrast, the B. rotundiformis ingestion EC50 for copper was about 4× more sensitive. Although diapause egg hatching was not the most sensitive endpoint, it is the most ecologically relevant for assessing sediment toxicity. Our discovery of diapausing eggs in the P. similis life cycle has created a conundrum. We have not observed males or sex in P. similis populations, which is a direct contradiction to the orthodox view of the monogonont rotifer life cycle. Work is needed to clarify how diapause egg production is accomplished by P. similis and whether sexual reproduction is involved.
The Role of Talker Familiarity in Auditory Distraction

The current research employed a classic irrelevant sound effect paradigm and investigated the talker-specific content of the irrelevant speech. Specifically, we aimed to determine if the participants' familiarity with the irrelevant speech's talker affected the magnitude of the irrelevant sound effect. Experiment 1 was an exploration of talker familiarity established in a natural listening environment (i.e., a university classroom) in which we manipulated the participants' relationships with the talker. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the participants' familiarity with the talker via 4 days of controlled exposure to the target talker's audio recordings. For both Experiments 1 and 2, a robust effect of irrelevant speech was found; however, regardless of the talker manipulation, talker familiarity did not influence the size of the effect. We interpreted the results within the processing view of the auditory distraction effect and highlighted the notion that talker familiarity may be more vulnerable than once thought.
Exaggerated interpretation bias for uncertain information as a predictor of anxiety-related symptoms: A new method of assessment for IU.

Abstract Background and objectives Intolerance of uncertainty (IU), or fear of the unknown, is as an important transdiagnostic risk factor across anxiety-related conditions, namely generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and social anxiety disorder (SAD). IU is typically indexed using self-report measures. Given the importance of multi-method assessments and the shortcomings associated with existing behavioral indices of IU, additional methods of assessment are needed. Emerging literature supports the use of interpretation bias (IB) paradigms to index constructs such as IU. However, only one study to date has examined the association between an IU-focused IB paradigm (IU-IB) and self-report IU and no research has investigated whether an IU-IB paradigm would be related to increased anxiety-related symptoms. Methods The current investigation examined the utility of an IU-IB paradigm across two separate samples wherein participants completed an interpretation bias task and self-report measures. Sample 1 included 86 participants (74.4% female; Mage = 19.14) and sample 2 included 138 participants (79.7% female; Mage = 18.88). Results Findings from Study 1 indicated a significant association between an exaggerated IU-IB and symptoms of GAD and OCD, and this relationship held after covarying for negative affect. Study 2 results indicated a significant relationship between an exaggerated IU-IB and symptoms of GAD, OCD, and SAD, after covarying for negative affect. Limitations The current study had a variety of limitations, including the use of cross-sectional data and an undergraduate sample. Conclusions These findings provide an important replication and extension of previous work and highlight the transdiagnostic utility of this IU-IB task.
The Friedlander-Milnor Conjecture

Aside from Quillen’s conjecture (Section 1.2), the most important unsolved problem in the study of the homology of linear groups is E. Friedlander’s generalized isomorphism conjecture [41]. This is usually called the Friedlander-Milnor conjecture because of Milnor’s study of the special case of Lie groups [81].
HIV adult with fever and shortness of breath: Influenza B misdiagnosed as Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (PCP).

Abstract Clinical correlation is essential in assessing the relevance of the patient’s history and physical findings in making a clinical presumptive diagnosis. False diagnostic associations may result in misdiagnosis. We present a case of an elderly female with HIV on HAART who presented with shortness of breath assumed to have Pneumocystis (carinii) jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) even though she had a clinical diagnosis of influenza B. She was thought to have PCP only because she had HIV. Tests for PCP were negative including BAL staining. Influenza B present in her respiratory secretions by PCR and was also cultured from BAL fluid. Diagnostic associations are helpful in suggesting diagnostic possibilities but must be supported by clinical correlation of characteristic clinical features.
Dedicated Diagnostic Radiology/Radiation Oncology Rounds: Added Value Beyond Traditional Tumor Boards

Abstract Objectives We aimed to evaluate the impact of collaborative discussion between diagnostic radiologists and radiation oncologists on radiation oncology management for thoracic oncology patients. Methods We reviewed cases presented at multidisciplinary thoracic tumor boards (TTB) (n = 122) and diagnostic radiology/radiation oncology rounds (DR/ROR) (n = 45). Changes in planned radiation management following imaging discussion were categorized—no change, timing change, and treatment volume change. Phase of care was also classified. In DR/ROR, radiation oncologists were surveyed regarding (1) change in radiation oncology management and (2) change in confidence (both 5-point Likert scales). Results Discussion of imaging with a radiologist changed radiation oncology management in 31.1% of TTB cases and 68.9% of DR/ROR cases (P Conclusion Collaborative discussions between radiation oncologists and diagnostic radiologists in a multispecialty tumor board and in targeted 2-specialty rounds are not redundant, but result in different management changes and at different phases of care. Our study emphasizes the importance of consultation with physicians as an area where radiologists can add value, specifically the added benefit of smaller collaborative discussions.
VisND: A Visualization Tool for Multidimensional Model of Canopy

Plant phenotyping is a data-driven research where interpretation of large and often multidimensional data is required. Therefore, effective visualization of plant phenotypes plays a major role in data analytics as it can provide scientists with the required tool to extract and infer important information. In that sense, unifying the large and multidimensional phenotypical data into one single model of the canopy can help plant biologists to correlate information from different dimensions and derive new observations and understandings in plant sciences. In this paper, we proposed a spatio-temporal tool for high-dimensional modeling and visualization of canopy for plant phenotyping. The goal is to offer an open-source visualization tool, named VisND (for N-Dimensional), that will provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI) where plant scientists can easily extract and analyze multidimensional models, registered over time, from different sensors and viewpoints. For this paper, we created 5D models (3D-RGB and Temperature over Time) of a crop by fusing and registering data captured using our field-based phenotyping platform: Vinoculer, a trinocular, multi-spectrum, observation tower. The platform is part of a study on the behavior of plants in response to different biotic and/or abiotic stresses. The data was captured using Infrared Thermography (IRT) along with multiview, visible imaging technology over an entire planting season and on a 24/7 basis. While currently VisND is being demonstrated for 5D models, it can be easily extended to incorporate other modality of sensors (more dimensions) and from other sources, such as other robotic platforms also operating in the field e.g. our mobile robot, Vinobot.
Performance implications of MNE subsidiary federation: Evidence from India

Abstract Building on extant and emerging scholarship on the deepening of MNE operations in a foreign country, we develop the notion of subsidiary federation, viz., a constellation of legally independent majority-owned subsidiaries of a foreign MNE, in a single host country. We posit that subsidiary federation is a reservoir of host country experiences, resources, knowledge, and networks, and allows the parent MNE strategic flexibility in terms of where and how they choose to operate. The sharing of knowledge facilitated by interactions among the managers of affiliated subsidiaries bestows advantages that, we argue, are performance positive for the affiliates. We hypothesize that multiple subsidiaries in a foreign host country is positively associated with corporate level diversity, and that benefits to the affiliates in a subsidiary federation are associated with the size of the federation and with relative geographic location of the affiliates. We test our theory on a sample of foreign MNE subsidiaries in India during the 2000–2013 period and find strong empirical support for our hypotheses. We conclude with avenues for future research.
Comets and the origins and evolution of life; Proceedings of the Conference, Univ. of Wisconsin, Eau Claire, Sept. 30-Oct. 2, 1991

Papers are presented on comets and the formation of biochemical compounds on the primitive earth; the cometary origin of carbon, nitrogen, and water on the earth; comets as a possible source of prebiotic molecules; comet impacts and chemical evolution on the bombarded earth; and cometary supply of terrestrial organics (lessons from the K/T and the present epoch). Other papers are on a computational study of radiation chemical processing in comet nuclei, the origin of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in meteorites, the fate of organic matter during planetary accretion (preliminary studies of the organic chemistry of experimentally shocked Murchison meteorite), recent observations of interstellar molecules (detection of CCO and a limit on H2C3O), terrestrial and extraterrestrial sources of molecular monochirality, and dark matter in the solar system (hydrogen cyanide polymers).
A bacterial gene-drive system efficiently edits and inactivates a high copy number antibiotic resistance locus

Gene-drive systems in diploid organisms bias the inheritance of one allele over another. CRISPR-based gene-drive expresses a guide RNA (gRNA) into the genome at the site where the gRNA directs Cas9-mediated cleavage. In the presence of Cas9, the gRNA cassette and any linked cargo sequences are copied via homology-directed repair (HDR) onto the homologous chromosome. Here, we develop an analogous CRISPR-based gene-drive system for the bacterium Escherichia coli that efficiently copies a gRNA cassette and adjacent cargo flanked with sequences homologous to the targeted gRNA/Cas9 cleavage site. This "pro-active" genetic system (Pro-AG) functionally inactivates an antibiotic resistance marker on a high copy number plasmid with ~ 100-fold greater efficiency than control CRISPR-based methods, suggesting an amplifying positive feedback loop due to increasing gRNA dosage. Pro-AG can likewise effectively edit large plasmids or single-copy genomic targets or introduce functional genes, foreshadowing potential applications to biotechnology or biomedicine.
Global responses of health science librarians to the COVID-19 (Corona virus) pandemic: a desktop analysis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed significant challenges for health science librarians. During this pandemic, librarians are playing an active role by increasing the public's awareness of the virus, maintaining document delivery services and providing research support. This paper uses the method of desktop analysis of the websites of selected library associations to identify the responses of health science librarians to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study highlights significant initiatives taken by some health science librarians which can be replicated by others to meet the needs of library users in the COVID-19 health crisis. JM.
IQ, Intelligence Tests, 'Ethnic Adjustments' and Atkins

In Atkins v. Virginia the U.S. Supreme Court declared that executing the intellectually disabled violated the U.S. Constitution’s Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. In Atkins, the Court relied heavily on medical standards, which indicated that individuals with an IQ of approximately or below seventy and who met the other criteria for intellectual disability were ineligible for the death penalty. Twelve years later, in Hall v. Florida, the Court evaluated a Florida statute that created a bright line rule, making anyone whose IQ was above seventy eligible for execution, regardless of other factors suggesting the defendant was, despite his IQ score, intellectually disabled. Finding the statute violated the Constitution, the Court stated that the Florida statute’s bright line rule made the possibility too great that an intellectually disabled person would be executed.Since Atkins, some prosecution experts have begun using so-called “ethnic adjustments” to artificially raise minority defendants’ IQ scores, making defendants who would have been protected by Atkins and its progeny eligible for the death penalty. This Article details this practice, looking at several cases in which prosecutors successfully adjusted a defendant’s IQ score upward, based on his or her race. The Article then turns to the arguments put forth by these prosecutors for increasing minority defendants’ IQ scores, namely that it would be improper not to adjust the scores.Statistically, some minority cohorts tend to perform worse on tests than White cohorts; prosecutors argue that this discrepancy is not based on intellectual inferiority, but rather that there are testing biases and behavioral factors that cause minority test-takers to underperform. Thus, the argument goes, minority IQ scores should be increased to control for these biases and behavioral factors.Evaluating the merits of these arguments, this Article concludes that ethnic adjustments are not logically or clinically appropriate when computing a person’s IQ score for Atkins purposes. This Article looks at epigenetics to explain the discrepancies in IQ scores, concluding that environmental factors — such as childhood abuse, poverty, stress, and trauma — can cause decreases in actual IQ scores and which can be passed down from generation to generation. Therefore, given that individuals who suffered these environmental factors disproportionately populate death row, ethnic adjustments make it more likely that individuals who are actually intellectually disabled will be put to death. Ultimately, after looking at the Supreme Court’s affirmative action jurisprudence, this Article concludes that the practice of ethnic adjustments for the purpose of determining eligibility for the death penalty violates the Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause and would not survive strict scrutiny.
Inverter Angle Minimization Based Control Approach for Dispatch of Distributed Energy Resources With Hybrid Energy Storage System

This paper presents a novel voltage angle minimization based approach for grid inertia improvement using a Photo-Voltaic (PV) Distributed Energy Resource (DER) in conjunction with a fully active Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) comprising of battery and ultra-capacitor. PV and HESS are integrated at a common DC link that feeds a three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) and a modified IEEE 123 bus power distribution system model is used for system validation. The proposed method successfully quantifies and differentiates grid dynamics from steady-state conditions by measuring the deviation of voltage angles between the generator and DER interconnection bus (Δδ). A Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) controller with a quality function is formulated to minimize (Δδ) during the event of grid dynamics for frequency regulation of the distribution system by optimal dispatch of HESS. The proposed approach controls the Rate of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) and primary frequency and secondary frequency response without the need for frequency-droop information while ensuring grid stability through locally controlled PV DER.
Flood depth mapping in street photos with image processing and deep neural networks

Abstract Many parts of the world experience severe episodes of flooding every year. In addition to the high cost of mitigation and damage to property, floods make roads impassable and hamper community evacuation, movement of goods and services, and rescue missions. Knowing the depth of floodwater is critical to the success of response and recovery operations that follow. However, flood mapping especially in urban areas using traditional methods such as remote sensing and digital elevation models (DEMs) yields large errors due to reshaped surface topography and microtopographic variations combined with vegetation bias. This paper presents a deep neural network approach to detect submerged stop signs in photos taken from flooded roads and intersections, coupled with Canny edge detection and probabilistic Hough transform to calculate pole length and estimate floodwater depth. Additionally, a tilt correction technique is implemented to address the problem of sideways tilt in visual analysis of submerged stop signs. An in-house dataset, named BluPix 2020.1 consisting of paired web-mined photos of submerged stop signs across 10 FEMA regions (for U.S. locations) and Canada is used to evaluate the models. Overall, pole length is estimated with an RMSE of 17.43 and 8.61 in. in pre- and post-flood photos, respectively, leading to a mean absolute error of 12.63 in. in floodwater depth estimation. Findings of this research are sought to equip jurisdictions, local governments, and citizens in flood-prone regions with a simple, reliable, and scalable solution that can provide (near-) real time estimation of floodwater depth in their surroundings.
Development and Validation of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Missed HIV Health Care Provider Visits in a Large US Clinical Cohort.

Background Identifying individuals at high risk of missing HIV care provider visits could support proactive intervention. Previous prediction models for missed visits have not incorporated data beyond the individual level. Methods We developed prediction models for missed visits among people with HIV (PWH) with ≥1 follow-up visit in the Center for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems from 2010 to 2016. Individual-level (medical record data and patient-reported outcomes), community-level (American Community Survey), HIV care site-level (standardized clinic leadership survey), and structural-level (HIV criminalization laws, Medicaid expansion, and state AIDS Drug Assistance Program budget) predictors were included. Models were developed using random forests with 10-fold cross-validation; candidate models with the highest area under the curve (AUC) were identified. Results Data from 382 432 visits among 20 807 PWH followed for a median of 3.8 years were included; the median age was 44 years, 81% were male, 37% were Black, 15% reported injection drug use, and 57% reported male-to-male sexual contact. The highest AUC was 0.76, and the strongest predictors were at the individual level (prior visit adherence, age, CD4+ count) and community level (proportion living in poverty, unemployed, and of Black race). A simplified model, including readily accessible variables available in a web-based calculator, had a slightly lower AUC of .700. Conclusions Prediction models validated using multilevel data had a similar AUC to previous models developed using only individual-level data. The strongest predictors were individual-level variables, particularly prior visit adherence, though community-level variables were also predictive. Absent additional data, PWH with previous missed visits should be prioritized by interventions to improve visit adherence.
Glucocorticoid-mediated changes in male green treefrog vocalizations alter attractiveness to females.

Adrenal glucocorticoids (GCs) are increasingly recognized as important modulators of male courtship signals, suggesting that circulating levels of these steroids can play a central role in sexual selection. However, few studies have examined whether GC-mediated effects on male sexual signals actually impact mate choice by females. Here, we examine how corticosterone (CORT)-mediated changes in the vocalizations of male green treefrogs, Dryophytes cinereus, influence attractiveness to females. In this species, agonistic acoustic signaling between rival males competing for mates increases circulating CORT levels in contest losers. Acute elevations in CORT, in turn, decrease the duration of male advertisement calls and increase the latency between successive calls, resulting in a net reduction in vocal effort (the amount of signaling per unit time) that occurs independently of changes in circulating androgens. Based on known preferences for acoustic features in D. cinereus, and other anuran species, the direction of CORT-mediated effects on temporal call characteristics is expected to compromise attractiveness to females, but whether they are of sufficient magnitude to impact female mate choice decisions is unclear. To examine whether CORT-mediated effects on male advertisement calls reduce attractiveness to females, we broadcast vocalizations in dual speaker playback experiments approximating the mean and 1 SD above and below the mean call duration and vocal effort values (the two primary vocal features impacted by elevated CORT) of males with low and high CORT levels. Results revealed strong preferences by females for the calls characteristic of males with low CORT in tests using the approximate mean and 1 SD above the mean call duration and vocal effort values, but females did not show a preference for calls of males with low CORT in trials using call values approximating 1 SD below the mean. Overall, females preferred males with signal traits predictive of low CORT, however this effect was nonlinear with attenuated preferences when signal alternatives differed only marginally indicating a possible thresholding effect. Specifically, females appeared to discriminate between males with low versus high CORT based primarily on differences in call rates associated with CORT-mediated changes in call duration and vocal effort. Our results highlight that changes in circulating CORT during male-male vocal interactions can decrease attractiveness to females, suggesting that circulating levels of CORT can play a critical role in both intra- and intersexual selection.
Virtual Deinstallation During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of life and how work is accomplished. Travel restrictions and health concerns have hindered courier trips, making virtual condition reports and deinstallations necessary to retrieve loans. However, transmission pathways of the virus and the related viral attenuation on different materials and surfaces influence employee safety concerns when multiple people interact with surfaces, requiring quarantine periods or disinfection guidelines to be written to address these concerns. This paper illustrates how the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) and the Victoria and Albert Museum (V&A) worked together virtually to safely return an important 1933 map to the US from England using quarantine periods.
A Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Arabic Fiction: Core Vocabulary for Learners and Material Developers

A Frequency Dictionary of Contemporary Arabic Fiction provides a list of the top 2,000 words occurring in contemporary Arabic fiction. Based on a written corpus that contains 144 literary samples, the dictionary addresses key areas of Arabic language learning and teaching, including lexical frequency, reading skills, and Arabic literature. Each entry in the main frequency index includes a sample sentence, English translation, and frequency indicator, and alphabetical and part-of-speech indexes are provided for ease of use. The dictionary also contains 19 thematically organized and frequency-ranked lists of words on a variety of topics, such as food, places, emotions, and nature. Engaging and highly useful, this Frequency Dictionary is a valuable resource for students and instructors working in the area of TAFL, and for applied linguists interested in Arabic corpus linguistics.