cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Involvement During a Geropsychiatric Hospitalization

This descriptive study examined patterns and correlates of family involvement during a short-term geropsychiatric hospitalization. Participants were 32 family members who completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and a prehospitalization involvement measure. Involvement data included frequency of family member visits, ratings of family members' overall involvement, and eight measures of family members' involvement with hospital staff. The majority of family members participated in a staff meeting with nursing staff and the physician, made individual contact with the physician, met with the social worker, had phone contact with nursing staff, and consulted with staff during visiting hours. Correlates of involvement included: complexity of patients' needs; family members' scores on the BSI subscales of depression, hostility, psychoticism, and paranoia; family members' awareness of patient's needs; the extent to which discharge plans altered the family members' caregiving role; and the family's degree of enmeshment–disengagement. These family variables deserve attention in future research.
Non-Immune, Non-Infectious Complications of Transfusion

Some of the more frequent adverse effects of transfusion that are seen in older children and adults, such as immunologically mediated febrile or allergic reactions, are rarely reported in the newborn. Neonates, however, are more vulnerable to metabolic complications and susceptible to potential toxic effects of various compounds as a result of the immature nature of their organ systems. Transfusion practices for neonates are continually changing as medical advances are made in the care of these critically ill newborns. Recent data shows that there is a decrease in overall administration of neonatal transfusions with most red blood cell (RBC) transfusions being given to infants who are less than 1000 g or extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants [1],[2]. These ELBW infants often have major clinical problems as a result of their prematurity. Even though the use of surfactant has reduced the mortality from respiratory failure, the vast majority of infants will need some form of assisted ventilation requiring clinical monitoring [3]. A high percentage of infants will have cardiovascular problems in the form of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) that may require either medical or surgical treatment and careful fluid balance [4]. Fluid and electrolyte management is a challenge in these ELBW infants. As a result of the large surface area to body weight ratio and an underdeveloped epidermis evaporative losses can be significant. The immature kidney has limited concentrating ability providing a large amount of dilute urine. These infants therefore are vulnerable to dehydration and hyperosmolality, which may increase the risk for intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) [4].
Yeasts Associated with Dried-Fruit Beetles in Figs

A species of the bacterial genus Flavobacterium is capable of synthesizing a polysaccharide or mixture of polysaccharides when grown in a medium of a-conidendrin or vanillic acid as a sole carbon source. The polysaccharide hydrolysate consists of D-galactose, D-glucose, D-mannose, D-ribose and L-rhamnose as determined by paper chromatography. This organism has the unique characteristic of growing luxuriantly at the expense of the compounds a-conidendrin and vanillic acid, while little if any growth occurs when the conventional type carbon sources are employed. REFERENCES
Communicating design innovativeness: The role of design information presentation on attitudes depending on different thinking styles

This research investigates how presentation of different design cues (e.g., visual, semantic, and symbolic) influences consumers’ attitudes toward an innovative design in light of their different t...
Creative citizen science illuminates complex ecological responses to climate change

Climate change is causing the timing of key behaviors (i.e., phenology) to shift differently across trophic levels and among some interacting organisms (e.g., plants and pollinators, predators and prey), suggesting that interactions among species are being disrupted (1, 2). Studying the phenology of interactions, however, is difficult, which has limited researchers’ ability to zero in on changes in specific interactions or on the consequences of mismatches. In PNAS, Hassall et al. (3) use a combination of citizen science techniques to investigate the effects of climate change on dozens of specific interactions. They focus on a Batesian mimicry complex involving stinging bees and wasps, stingless syrphid flies (also known as hoverflies) that mimic their appearance, and avian predators. The methods used by Hassall et al. (3) continue an upsurge of innovations in climate change ecology research, in which the role of citizen science is expanding to provide new approaches to complex challenges. Citizen science (i.e., the participation of nonspecialists in scientific research) has yielded important contributions throughout the history of ecology (4). Our understanding of ecological and phenological responses to climate change, in particular, has benefited from long-term observations collected by individuals and networks, like those of naturalists Henry David Thoreau and Robert Marsham (5, 6) and historical phenology and weather observation networks (7), and the ongoing insect monitoring schemes used by Hassall et al. (3). It is this type of citizen science—enthusiastic volunteers collecting and submitting field observations—that many people imagine when they think of citizen science in ecology. In fact, the amount of data being generated from these types of observations is staggering; citizen scientists have recorded hundreds of millions of observations, yielding much of the existing data describing how flowering, bird migration, and insect flight times are changing (8⇓–10). These observations, as many … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: abe_miller-rushing{at}nps.gov. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Total synthesis of natural (+)-ambruticin

Abstract The structurally unique antifungal antibiotic ambruticin (1) has been prepared for the first time in a convergent synthesis. The strategy for its synthesis involved the independent preparation of the enantiomerically pure fragments 19, 31 and 49. The required C(7)C(8) β-C-glycoside bond was formed by coupling the glycosyl fluoride 19 with the in situ formed vinyl alane derivative 32. Formation of the C(13)C(14) trans double bond was accomplished by condensation of the sulfone fragment 49 with the aldehyde intermediate 35 leading to the complete skeletal framework of ambruticin. Saponification of 51 and then cleavage of the benzyl protecting groups gave natural ambruticin.
Examining Designed Experiences: A Walkthrough for Understanding Video Games as Performance Assessments

Although there is an extensive body of video game research, very few resources exist that outline the potential for games to provide process-oriented data related to human behavior and learning. The current chapter offers guidance for researchers to extract dynamic, emergent, and complex data from video game contexts, and thus unlock the potential for games to function as performance assessments. This chapter describes how to leverage behavioral observation as a means to examine player interactions that are associated with knowledge acquisition, formative (within-game) activities, and summative (end-game) outcomes. Specifically, through employing a moral-choice video game as an example, we walk through deconstructing the game, defining game elements, and the construction of a behavioral observation protocol. Although some games aren’t well-suited for this approach, we provide a framework for how in-game player interactions can be captured, coded, and analyzed. Each step is used to illustrate how games can function as performance assessments.
Examining Preschool Children’s Intention Understanding and Their Conflict Resolution Strategies

The present study investigated if preschool children’s intention understanding could predict their use of other-oriented conflict resolution strategies. Participants were 30 preschool children (13 girls, Mage = 4.46 years, SD = 0.73, range: 3.21–5.50 years). The children were observed for their conflict resolution strategies during freeplay at school for one 30-min session per day on three separate days. Conflict resolution strategies were coded into two broad categories: “self-oriented strategies” that did not recognize the opponents’ needs and wants, and “other-oriented strategies” that took into account others’ perspectives. To assess children’s understanding of intentions, children were presented with three sets of story pairs adapted from Astington and Lee’s (What do children know about intentional causation? Paper presented at the biennial meeting of the Society for Research in Child Development, Seattle, WA, 1991) study. After controlling for age and language ability, children with more robust understandings of intentions tended to utilize greater percentages of other-oriented resolution strategies during peer conflicts. Implications for how early childhood educators can support young children’s understanding of intentions and conflict resolution behaviors are discussed.
Get up! Be Opened!: Code-switching and Loanwords in the Gospel of Mark:

This article explores the social and literary functions of the loanwords and cases of code-switching in the Gospel of Mark from a sociolinguistic perspective, as a means of understanding better the...
Effects of Aspirin on Progression of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy and Outcomes after Heart Transplantation

Purpose Enhanced platelet reactivity may play a role in the development and progression of cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV). Although aspirin is often a part of the medication regimen after heart transplantation (HT), limited evidence is available on its effects on CAV and related outcomes. In this large study, we sought to investigate whether aspirin treatment has an independent impact on CAV progression using coronary intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) follow-up studies and clinical outcomes after long-term follow-up post HT. Methods CAV progression, all-cause and cardiac mortality were compared between HT patients taking and those not taking aspirin from 1994 to 2016 at a single institution. CAV progression was assessed by measuring the log ratio of the last to first plaque index (PI, ratio of plaque volume to vessel volume) between last follow-up and baseline coronary IVUS after adjustment for age, time to first IVUS, conversion to sirolimus, and time between IVUS studies. Survival analyses were performed using Cox regression models with aspirin treated as a time-dependent predictor conditional on patients being alive at 6 months post HT. Results Overall, 530 HT recipients (308 patients received sirolimus-based and 222 received calcineurin inhibitor-based immunosuppression) were retrospectively analyzed, among which 323 patients underwent at least 2 IVUS studies post HT. Length of aspirin use was modestly associated with attenuated progression of plaque index ratio (r=-0.14, p=0.02) (Figure 1A). Cox regression with adjustment for clinically relevant characteristics, including conversion to sirolimus, and CAV grade at 1 year post HT did not suggest any difference in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.6 to 1.3, p=0.45) (Figure 1B) or cardiac death (HR 1.5, 95% CI 0.7 to 3.2, p = 0.33) (Figure 1C) after a median follow-up time of 10 years post HT. Conclusion Aspirin use may delay CAV progression but does not affect long-term survival after HT.
Hepatic Artery Interventions in the Transplant Patient

Arterial complications are some of the feared complications of hepatic transplantation. This stems from the fact that while hepatocytes derive most of their blood supply from the portal vasculature, bile ducts get their supply from the hepatic artery. Arterial insufficiency overtime causes biliary ischemia, necrosis, and often hepatic graft failure. Once suspected clinically, a prompt imaging work-up is usually performed. After confirmation of suspected hepatic arterial injury or insufficiency, quick intervention is usually required. Knowledge of the common hepatic artery complications, their imaging diagnosis, and different treatment modalities is critical for any provider who treats these patients. This review covers the imaging diagnosis and types of vascular injuries, and analyzes the different treatment options.
The science of art: Leonardo Da Vinci and facial plastic surgery.

Purpose of review Leonardo Da Vinci possessed one of humanity's greatest minds, known for exploring the boundaries of art and science. The discipline of facial plastic surgery also relies on art and science for its advancement. This review focuses on key elements of Leonardo Da Vinci's work, and how they relate to concepts within facial plastic surgery. Recent findings Leonardo Da Vinci was a self-taught creative genius. Common themes that permeated his art were those of proportion, perspective, light and shadow, anatomy, and science. These principles are reflected in key aspects of facial plastic surgery, such as facial analysis, human gaze, facial subunits, surgery of the craniofacial skeleton, and evidence-based medicine. Summary Leonardo Da Vinci's approach to scientific inquiry and artistic beauty strikes a balance from which facial plastic surgeons have much to learn. In depth study of how Leonardo Da Vinci viewed the world furthers the analytical and creative sides of a facial plastic surgeon as well as informs their personal development.
New attenuated backscatter profile by removing the CALIOP receiver's transient response

Abstract The photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) used to measure altitude-resolved 532 nm backscatter intensity by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) do not recover rapidly following exposure to very high light levels (e.g., from optically dense water clouds). Instead, they exhibit exponentially decaying “noise tails” that can cause substantial misestimates when determining layer base altitudes and deriving cloud extinction coefficients. Here we present a deconvolution correction algorithm to remove these noise tails in the CALIOP level 1 science data products. The corrected 532 nm attenuated backscatter profiles generated by the deconvolution algorithm are evaluated using the corresponding CALIOP observations at 1064 nm and coincident profiles measured at 532 nm by the NASA-Langley airborne high spectral resolution lidar. Results indicate that our deconvolution correction algorithm effectively removes the non-ideal PMT recovery effects on the CALIOP level 1 vertical profiles, showing excellent performance for surface and water cloud lidar returns when the attenuated backscatter coefficients are greater than 0.01 km−1 sr−1.
Epidural Electrical Stimulation: A Review of Plasticity Mechanisms That Are Hypothesized to Underlie Enhanced Recovery From Spinal Cord Injury With Stimulation

Spinal cord injury (SCI) often results in life-long sensorimotor impairment. Spontaneous recovery from SCI is limited, as supraspinal fibers cannot spontaneously regenerate to form functional networks below the level of injury. Despite this, animal models and humans exhibit many motor behaviors indicative of recovery when electrical stimulation is applied epidurally to the dorsal aspect of the lumbar spinal cord. In 1976, epidural stimulation was introduced to alleviate spasticity in Multiple Sclerosis. Since then, epidural electrical stimulation (EES) has been demonstrated to improve voluntary mobility across the knee and/or ankle in several SCI patients, highlighting its utility in enhancing motor activation. The mechanisms that EES induces to drive these improvements in sensorimotor function remain largely unknown. In this review, we discuss several sensorimotor plasticity mechanisms that we hypothesize may enable epidural stimulation to promote recovery, including changes in local lumbar circuitry, propriospinal interneurons, and the internal model. Finally, we discuss genetic tools for afferent modulation as an emerging method to facilitate the search for the mechanisms of action.
Cost-Effectiveness of Intraoperative CT Scanning in Cochlear Implantation in Fee-for-Service and Bundled Payment Models.

Objective:Electrode array tip fold-over is a complication of cochlear implant surgery that results in poor hearing outcomes and often leads to revision surgery. However, tip fold-over can be correc...
Larger Nephron Size and Nephrosclerosis Predict Progressive CKD and Mortality after Radical Nephrectomy for Tumor and Independent of Kidney Function.

Background Nephron hypertrophy and nephrosclerosis may be important determinants of CKD and mortality. However, studies of outcomes associated with these microstructural features have been limited to small tissue specimens from patients selected for either good kidney health or known kidney disease. Methods To determine whether microstructural features are predictive of progressive CKD and mortality outcomes, we studied patients who underwent a radical nephrectomy for a tumor. Large wedge sections of renal parenchyma distal to the tumor were stained and scanned into high-resolution images; we annotated the cortex and all glomeruli to calculate glomerular volume, cortex volume per glomerulus, and percentage of globally sclerotic glomeruli. Morphometric measurements also included percentages of artery luminal stenosis and interstitial fibrosis/tubular atrophy (IF/TA) of the cortex. At follow-up visits every 6-12 months, we determined which patients experienced progressive CKD (defined as dialysis, kidney transplantation, or a 40% decline from postnephrectomy eGFR). Cox models for these outcomes were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, eGFR, and proteinuria. Results Among 936 patients (mean age, 64 years; postnephrectomy baseline eGFR, 48 ml/min per 1.73 m2), 117 progressive CKD events, 183 noncancer deaths, and 116 cancer deaths occurred during a median follow-up of 6.4 years. Larger glomerular volume, larger cortex per glomerulus, and higher percentage of globally sclerotic glomeruli or IF/TA predicted progressive CKD. Higher percentage IF/TA also predicted noncancer mortality. Microstructural features did not predict cancer mortality or recurrence. Conclusions After a radical nephrectomy, larger nephrons and nephrosclerosis predicted progressive CKD, and IF/TA predicted noncancer mortality. Morphometric analysis of renal parenchyma can predict noncancer clinical events in patients long after their radical nephrectomy.
Limb salvage versus amputation in patients with osteosarcoma of the extremities: an update in the modern era using the National Cancer Database

Historically, amputation was the primary surgical treatment for osteosarcoma of the extremities; however, with advancements in surgical techniques and chemotherapies limb salvage has replaced amputation as the dominant treatment paradigm. This study assessed the type of surgical resection chosen for osteosarcoma patients in the twenty-first century. Utilizing the largest registry of primary osteosarcoma, the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we retrospectively analyzed patients with high grade osteosarcoma of the extremities from 2004 through 2015. Differences between patients undergoing amputation and patients undergoing limb salvage are described. Unadjusted five-year overall survival between patients who received limb salvage and amputation was assessed utilizing Kaplan Meier curves. A multivariate Cox proportional hazard model and propensity matched analysis was used to determine the variables independently correlated with survival. From a total of 2442 patients, 1855 underwent limb salvage and 587 underwent amputation. Patients undergoing amputation were more likely to be older, male, uninsured, and live in zip codes associated with lower income. Patients undergoing amputation were also more likely to have larger tumors, more comorbid conditions, and metastatic disease at presentation. After controlling for confounders, limb salvage was associated with a significant survival benefit over amputation (HR: 0.70; p < 0.001). Although this may well reflect underlying biases impacting choice of treatment, this survival benefit remained significant after propensity matched analysis of all significantly different independent variables (HR: 0.71; p < 0.01). Among patients in the NCDB, amputation for osteosarcoma is associated with advanced age, advanced stage, larger tumors, greater comorbidities, and lower income. Limb salvage is associated with a significant survival benefit, even when controlling for significant confounding variables and differences between cohorts.
A postdischarge venous thromboembolism risk calculator for inflammatory bowel disease surgery.

Abstract Background Guidelines recommend extended chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in high-risk patients having operations for inflammatory bowel disease. Quantifying patients' risk of venous thromboembolism, however, remains challenging. We sought (1) to identify factors associated with postdischarge venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing colorectal resection for inflammatory bowel disease and (2) to develop a postdischarge venous thromboembolism risk calculator to guide prescribing of extended chemoprophylaxis. Methods Patients who underwent an operation for inflammatory bowel disease from 2012 to 2018 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program for colectomy and proctectomy procedure targeted modules. Postdischarge venous thromboembolism included pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis diagnosed after discharge from the index hospitalization. Multivariable logistic regression estimated the association of patient/operative factors with postdischarge venous thromboembolism. A postdischarge venous thromboembolism risk calculator was subsequently constructed. Results Of 18,990 patients, 199 (1.1%) developed a postdischarge venous thromboembolism within the first 30 postoperative days. Preoperative factors associated with postdischarge venous thromboembolism included body mass index (1.9% with body mass index ≥35 vs 0.8% with body mass index 18.5–24.9; odds ratio 2.34 [95% confidence interval 1.49–3.67]), steroid use (1.3% vs 0.7%; odds ratio 1.91 [95% confidence interval 1.37–2.66]), and ulcerative colitis (1.5% vs 0.8% with Crohn’s disease; odds ratio 1.76 [95% confidence interval 1.32–2.34]). Minimally invasive surgery was associated with postdischarge venous thromboembolism (1.2% vs 0.9% with open; odds ratio 1.42 [95% confidence interval 1.05–1.92]), as was anastomotic leak (2.8% vs 1.0%; odds ratio 2.24 [95% confidence interval 1.31–3.83]) and ileus (2.1% vs 0.9%; odds ratio 2.60 [95% confidence interval 1.91–3.54]). The predicted probability of postdischarge venous thromboembolism ranged from 0.2% to 14.3% based on individual risk factors. Conclusion Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors are associated with postdischarge venous thromboembolism after an operation for inflammatory bowel disease. A postdischarge venous thromboembolism risk calculator was developed which can be used to tailor extended venous thromboembolism chemoprophylaxis by individual risk.
Development and validation of a simple and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for quantification of ampicillin and sulbactam in human plasma and its application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study.

Abstract Ampicillin-sulbactam is a broad-spectrum combination antibiotic used for a variety of clinical applications, including as a prophylactic agent to reduce the risk of surgical site infection. The pharmacokinetics of ampicillin-sulbactam after redosing during prolonged surgeries remains incompletely understood. In anticipation of further studying the intra-operative pharmacokinetics of this drug, we have developed a novel liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method for the quantification of ampicillin and sulbactam. The plasma samples were prepared using a simple protein precipitation method. Gradient chromatographic elution was used to separate analytes, and MS/MS analysis was performed in negative ionization mode for both analytes via multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). All validation parameters were evaluated under a good laboratory practice (GLP) environment. For both ampicillin and sulbactam, the lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was established as 0.25 μg/mL. The calibration curve ranged from 0.25 to 200 μg/mL for ampicillin and 0.25–100 μg/mL for sulbactam. Inter- and intra-day precisions for both analytes were ≤11.5 % for quality controls and ≤17.4 % for LLOQ; accuracies ranged from -11.5 to 12.5% for 3 quality control levels and -18.1–18.7% for LLOQ. In addition to sensitivity, accuracy and precision, 13 other parameters were also validated for both analytes, and the results met the acceptance criteria. Our method was successfully applied to quantify ampicillin and sulbactam concentrations in patients undergoing surgery.
Changing public attitudes toward minor attracted persons: an evaluation of an anti-stigma intervention

Child sexual abuse is a prevalent problem within our communities, yet policies that address it are mostly responsive rather than preventive. Given its impact on victims, it is important to move tow...
A comparison of the wavelength-dependent photochemical reactions of ozone with vinyl bromide and fluoride in argon matrices

Abstract A study of the photolytically-induced reactions of ozone with vinyl bromide and vinyl fluoride, H2C CHX (X = F, Br), in argon matrixes is described, after either red LED (625 nm) or Hg pen lamp (254 nm) irradiation. Products were observed using infrared spectroscopy and identification was aided by 18O labeling experiments. The experimental work was supported by extensive DFT calculations. For vinyl bromide, bromoacetaldehyde was the dominant product despite the fact that acetyl bromide was calculated to be the most energetically favored product. Lesser amounts of bromooxirane and possibly bromovinyl alcohol were observed. These results are in agreement with an earlier study of the photochemical reaction of ozone with vinyl chloride. In contrast, the overall product yield with vinyl fluoride was much lower. Fluorooxirane was the main product with only a hint of fluoroacetaldehyde despite that fact that fluorooxirane was calculated to be higher in energy than either acetyl fluoride or fluoroacetaldehyde.
A Unified Theory for Creep Buckling Under Normal Loads

Summary A general theory of creep buckling, with the initial imperfec­ tion as a parameter, is developed for the case of normal loading. A hyperbolic-sine law is used to describe the process of creep. The theory is believed to be applicable to, among other structures, columns, tubes, and possibly conical shells. The wall of the structure is idealized as a sandwich in order to simplif}^ the integration of the equations. Experimental data on columns and tubes, from two different sources, are compared with the predictions of the theory.
A Functional Analysis of Disinformation

Prototypical instances of disinformation include deceptive advertising (in business and in politics), government propaganda, doctored photographs, forged documents, fake maps, internet frauds, fake websites, and manipulated Wikipedia entries. Disinformation can cause significant harm if people are misled by it. In order to address this critical threat to information quality, we first need to understand exactly what disinformation is. After surveying the various analyses of this concept that have been proposed by philosophers and information scientists, I argue that disinformation is misleading information that has the function of misleading.
A Data-Aware Scheduling Framework for Parallel Applications in a Cloud Environment

Cloud infrastructures are competent to providing massive processing capabilities of computational and data resources in virtualized environments. Introduction of big data analytics in many spheres of science, technology and business has led to the trend of employing data-parallel frameworks, like Hadoop for handling such massive data requirements. Since most Hadoop based systems make the two decisions of scheduling data and computation independently, it seems a promising prospective to map computations within cloud resources based on data blocks already distributed to them. This paper proposes a computation scheduling framework that adopts the strategy of improving computation and data co-allocation within a Hadoop cloud infrastructure based on knowledge of data blocks availability, hereafter referred to as Data Aware Scheduling (DAS) framework. The proposed DAS employs a dependency based grouping of data. Experiments have been conducted using standard map-reduce applications and results presented herein conclusively demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed framework.
Facies Relationships and Reservoir Potential of Ohio Creek Interval Across Piceance Creek Basin, Northwestern Colorado: ABSTRACT

The Ohio Creek member of the Mesaverde Group of Late Cretaceous age grades from a fluvial to a paralic facies from the southern to central parts of the Piceance Creek basin. The Ohio Creek is considered here to be the nonmarine to paralic equivalent of the Lewis transgression to the north. Although it is fluvial in the type area and southern part of the basin, evidence of marine influence in the east central part of the basin includes: (1) zones of abundant logs with large fossil Teredinidae burrows, (2) palynological evidence from outcrops at Rifle Gap and the U.S. Department of Energy MWX wells, and (3) marine-type sedimentary structures visible in outcrop. In this east-central area Ohio Creek depositional environments are interpreted as distributary channel and estuari e. Although the Ohio Creek is highly altered by diagenesis and is an aquifer in some parts of the basin, the equivalent zones are productive of hydrocarbons in the north-central parts of the basin. Continued changes in facies toward a marine environment to the north affected the petrologic characteristics and sand body/reservoir morphology, increasing the reservoir potential of this zone to the north. The variably thick interval is recognizable in the subsurface as an extensive sandy zone with blocky shaped log profiles; it should provide good reservoirs where porosity and permeability are not occluded by diagenesis, and where continuity with surface exposures has not allowed gas escape and water influx. End_of_Article - Last_Page 524------------
Reflections on The Computer in the School

Twenty-three years ago, when I put together the 1980 book, The Computer in the School, personal computers were just making their debut. Figure 1 shows a photo from the the book of a kindergartner in a vendor booth at the 1979 National Computer Conference in New York. He was using a justdebuting digital stylus and tablet to draw directly into an attached Apple II and view the drawing on the screen as he made it. It was exciting—for him and for the many people watching.
Gas permeation and diffusion in small and intermediate pore zeolite membranes

Abstract Success in synthesis of defect free small or intermediate pore zeolite membranes allows study of permeation and diffusion of small gases such as hydrogen in these zeolites at high temperatures. This paper reports experimental data of permeation for small gases including hydrogen, helium, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide through the small pore DDR zeolite membrane and the intermediate pore MFI type silicalite membrane in 25-500oC. Due to small ratio of molecule size to silicalite pore diameter, permeation and diffusion of the small gas molecules in silicalite membrane exhibit characteristics of Knudsen diffusion. The permeance decreases with increasing temperature and is determined by the molecular weight, not the kinetic diameter of the molecules. Gas permeance through the small pore DDR membrane shows activated diffusion characteristics, with permeance increases with temperature and decreases with increasing molecule size of the permeating gases. These permeance and diffusion data can be explained by the gas translation diffusion model.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of ion and electron accelerations by parametric decay of fast lower hybrid waves

Summary form only given. The transverse acceleration of ions by fast lower hybrid waves in the topside auoral ionosphere has remained elusive. The linear and nonlinear propagation and evolution of lower hybrid waves are essentially a three-dimensional problem. Analytical treatment of this problem, including the essential kinetic effects for particle acceleration, is a formidable task if not impossible. We have treated this problem by a fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulation. It is found that a fast lower hybrid pump wave undergoes a parametric decay generating secondary waves over a broad frequency range from the ion cyclotron frequency /spl Omega//sub i/ to just above the lower hybrid frequency /spl omega//sub lh/. These secondary waves are instrumental in the accelerations of both cold ions and electrons. The ion acceleration is predominantly perpendicular to the ambient magnetic field (B), and it is accompanied by a relatively weak parallel acceleration in the direction of the phase velocity of the pump wave V/sub p/spl par/o/.
Effects of sodium fluoride on HeLa cells: II. Metabolic alterations associated with growth inhibition

Abstract Limited fluoride inhibition of HeLa cell growth was associated with a decreased efficiency of glucose utilization, but the per cent conversion of glucose to lactic acid was not altered by fluoride. It was concluded that fluoride (30 ppm) did not specifically and directly inhibit glycolysis under these conditions, and that the observed alterations in carbohydrate metabolism may be in some way related to the slower growth rate. Short term experiments with 14 C-U-glucose indicated that the 14 CO 2 production, presumably related to the TCA cycle activity, was also unaffected by growth inhibiting levels of fluoride. When fluoride was present during the entire experimental period, HeLa cells maintained an ATP concentration only slightly below control cells; but when fluoride was added to rapidly growing cells, a rapid decrease in cellular ATP was observed. Even though the ATP concentration was independent of the growth rate under these conditions, fluoride produced a characteristic metabolic alteration in these cells. Fluoride showed a specificity of action in rapidly growing cells by decreasing the cellular ATP more rapidly and to a lower level than other metabolic inhibitors.
The Tg(ccnb1:EGFP) transgenic zebrafish line labels proliferating cells during retinal development and regeneration

Purpose To create the Tg(ccnb1:EGFP)nt18 zebrafish line that spatially and temporally labels retinal progenitor cells with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) during zebrafish retinal development and regeneration.
The Evolution of Programming Languages

A programming language is a systematic notation by which we describe computational processes to others. By a computational process I mean nothing more than a set of steps which a machine can perform for solving a task. To describe the solution of a problem to a computer, we need to know a set of commands that the computer can understand and execute. Given the diversity of tasks that computers can do today, people naturally find it surprising that the computer’s built-in abilities are so primitive. When a computer comes off the assembly line, it will usually be able to do only arithmetic and logical operations, input and output, and some “control” functions. These capabilities constitute the machine language of the computer. But because this language is so far away from the way people think and want to describe solutions to problems, so-called high-level programming languages have been conceived. These languages use less primitive notations than machine language, and hence, they require a program which will interpret their meaning to the computer. This program is not generally part of the computer’s circuitry, but is provided as part of the system software which is included with the computer. The purpose of this book is to study how these programming languages are designed to meet the needs of the human and the machine.
Highly Repetitive Object Play in a Cichlid Fish (Tropheus duboisi)

Whether play occurs in fishes has long been a contentious issue, but recent observations document that social, object, and locomotor play can all be found in some species of teleosts. However, quantitative studies and those documenting individual differences are rare. We recorded hundreds of occurrences of an unusual behavior in three male Tropheus duboisi. The target behavior of attacking and deflecting an object that rapidly returned to its upright position not only fit the criteria for play behavior, but differed quantitatively and qualitatively among the individuals. This behavior has not been observed in other species of cichlids and other kinds of fishes. The presence or absence of food or other fish either within the aquarium or visible in an adjacent aquarium had no marked or consistent effect on the occurrence of the behavior. Various explanations for the origin and function of the behavior are discussed.
6-Azauracil Sensitivity Assay for Yeast

INTRODUCTIONTreatment of yeast with 6-Azauracil (6AU) leads to a reduction of intracellular GTP levels. The reduction in GTP levels is not itself lethal, but can block yeast growth when combined with mutations that affect transcriptional elongation. 6AU sensitivity thus can be used as a crude assay to test for mutations that affect transcriptional elongation. The assay described here requires growing saturated cultures of yeast, counting, and spotting serial dilutions of yeast on both CSM and CSM + 6AU plates.
ARYL INDOLIZINES. I. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME PHENYLINDOLIZINES.

Several aromatically substituted indolizines were prepared for possible psychotropic activity utilizing the Tschitschibabin method, and the susceptibility of the nucleophilic position toward benzoyl chloride was established. The properties of the prepared compounds indicated that those with an aromatic halide are not susceptible to nucleophilic attack such as the formation of alkoxy derivatives and also that those compounds containing the p-nitrophenyl group could be reduced to the corresponding amino compounds only under drastic conditions not normally expected of such compounds.
Imaging Quantum Dots (Qdots) Oligomer Networks with Confocal Fluorescence Laser Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy (CFLSM and TEM)

Combinations of conjugated organic oligomers and inorganic quantum dots bring together the respective valuable opto-electronic properties such as electroluminescence, photoconductivity, and photoluminescence [1-4] for the development of novel applications, e.g. nanoelectronics. Recent efforts in our laboratory lead to the network formation between biotin-functionalized oligo(pphenylene vinylene)s (OPVs) and streptavidin coated quantum dots (Qdots), Scheme 1. We wished to develop a comprehensive microscopic approach involving confocal fluorescence laser scanning microscopy (CFLSM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to understand the formed aggregates structurally and functionally.
Plasmid transfer and expression in Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides

Abstract Plasmid RP4 (among others) has been transferred from Escherichia coli to Rhodopseudomonas sphaeroides . Data bearing on the physical presence of the plasmid and its expression of drug resistance determinants in R. sphaeroides are presented. Conditions of transfer between R. sphaeroides strains, between R. sphaeroides and R. capsulata , and between R. sphaeroides and E. coli have been carefully defined.
Heuristic Reduction of Gyro Drift for Personnel Tracking Systems

The paper pertains to the reduction of measurement errors in gyroscopes used for tracking the position of walking persons. Such tracking systems commonly use inertial or other means to measure distance travelled, and one or more gyros to measure changes in heading. MEMS-type gyros or IMUs are best suited for this task because of their small size and low weight. However, these gyros have large drift rates and can be sensitive to accelerations. The Heuristic Drift Reduction (HDR) method presented in this paper estimates the drift component and eliminates it, reducing heading errors by almost one order of magnitude.
Estimation of radiation dose received during treatment of in-stent restenosis using ionizing radiation.

Abstract Background Angioplasty is a widely accepted procedure for the treatment of coronary artery disease. However, restenosis of the treated vessel occurs in 30% of patients within 6 months. Intravascular brachytherapy (IVB) is used to inhibit the formation of new tissue growth at the vessel treatment site. IVB protocols using either gamma ray or beta particle emitting isotopes have been tested and approved. However, very little data are available on resultant whole-body dose and the potential for long-term radiation effects. Methods Using thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) devices, specifically lithium fluoride (LiF) doped with Mg, Cu, and P, the radiation dose on the surface of patients undergoing IVB was measured. The TLDs were positioned on the body to obtain a measure of the gamma dose at selected anatomic locations. Additionally, the skin dose from fluoroscopy was estimated. Results Measurements indicate that the average body dose on the skin surface from all TLDs, clinical requirements, and gamma source configurations varies from 0.95 mSv (95 mrem) at the head to 27.06 mSv (2706 mrem) at the sternal notch. For beta sources, the dose varied from 0.11 mSv (11.4 mrem) at the head to 0.49 mSv (49.5 mrem) at the sternal notch. The fluoroscopy contribution of dose to the body dose (15-min exposure time) was 0.10 mSv (10 mrem) at the head and 2.57 mSv (257 mrem) to the sternal notch. Conclusions The results suggest that surface skin exposures from gamma sources used in IVB pose acceptable risks considering the medical benefits of the procedures.
Analyst Forecasting Errors: Additional Evidence

Analyst forecasting errors are approximately as large as Dreman and Berry (1995) documented, and an optimistic bias is evident for all years from 1985 through 1996. In contrast to their findings, I show that analyst forecasting errors and bias have decreased over time. Moreover, the optimistic bias in quarterly forecasts was absent for SP (2) firms with comparatively large amounts of market capitalization, absolute value of earnings forecast, and analyst following; and (3) firms in certain industries.
The simulation of the combustion of micrometer-sized aluminum particles with oxygen and carbon dioxide

Abstract The Liang/Beckstead aluminum-particle combustion model has been successfully joined with a detailed chemical-kinetic mechanism. The model has been used to investigate the effect of oxidizer concentration, pressure, and particle diameter on the combustion of CO2/Ar and O2/Ar with micrometer-sized aluminum particles. The simulation results when varying the oxidizer compare well with experimental data. With CO2 as the oxidizer, the trend of each simulated diameter follows that of the experimental data, especially the simulated 7 μm particles compared to experimental data for a mass average diameter of 11 μm. For oxygen, the simulated burn times with a particle size of 11 μm has excellent agreement compared to experimental data with a mass average diameter of 11 μm. The simulation results for both CO2/Ar and O2/Ar show a transition from kinetically-controlled combustion to diffusion-controlled combustion as the pressure increases. The burn time of the particles decreases as the pressure increases, until the diffusion-controlled combustion regime is reached and then the pressure has no effect on burn time. The opposite is true for the CO2 experimental data, in that the observed burn time increases with increasing pressure. The simulations indicate that the observed experimental trend could be the result of using a distribution of particle diameters. As the pressure decreases, larger particles may not ignite and the apparent burn time does not increase. The effect of particle diameter was also investigated. The effects of particle size, oxidizer, and oxidizer concentration on the calculated surface temperatures are also shown. This is the first model to show the beginning of the transition from diffusion-limited to kinetic-limited combustion control for aluminum particles.
Effect of interdiffusion on the elasticity and internal friction of compositionally modulated copper-nickel thin films

Abstract Copper-nickel thin films with composition modulation wavelengths of 9 A and 35 A have been prepared on thin reed substrates of fused silica. The films have been annealed at temperatures up to 550 °C to produce interdiffusion. The virtual absence of any change in the low temperature natural vibration frequencies shows that the Young's modulus of the film is essentially unaffected by homogenization, and thus no anomaly is apparent in the elastic behavior of the initial modulated structure. Above 300 °C a strong thermally activated internal friction is observed, which decreases irreversibly on annealing near 500 °C in a manner that correlates with homogenization of the film by lattice diffusion. The internal friction involves a broad spectrum of relaxation times with activation energies between 2 and 3 eV. It is concluded that grain boundary relaxation is probably the dominant cause of the internal friction, but this is only possible if the relaxation time is proportional to the grain size, as predicted by the theory of viscous sliding. Because of their much finer grain size, it is expected that grain boundary peaks may be exhibited in thin films at appreciably lower temperatures than in bulk samples.
Fat Spirit: Obesity, Religion, and Sapphmammibel in Contemporary Black Film

The author identifies the features of black, fat drag, comedy-drama films, and describes a disturbing trend within American cinema between 2000 and 2009 in which male comedians (Martin Lawrence, Eddie Murphy, and Tyler Perry) don intricately designed fat suits to portray “overweight” black women. Despite their billion-dollar financial success, these films are largely unexamined because of their popularity among black audiences. The article also introduces “sapphmammibel,” the composite character of sapphire, mammy, and jezebel featured in these films, and contends that as the hybridized image of the fat black woman, the sapphmammibel, and her connection to spiritual transformation is a key transacting figure.
The relevance of object categorization to cross-modal performance by chimpanzees

Abstract Two hundred objects from the Yerkes collection were categorized by human subjects independently by size (“large”, “mediumly large”, “mediumly small” and “small”) and by texture (“rough”, “mediumly rough”, “mediumly smooth” and “smooth”). The human subjects showed impressive consistency. Three highly experienced chimpanzees were then each given 200 trials of cross-modal matching (tactile sample, visual objects) with 68 of the objects which had been assigned to each of the eight categories by agreement between four of four human subjects. It was expected that the apes would make fewer errors when the visual objects were drawn from classes on different sides of a dimensional boundary than when drawn from classes to the same side of the boundaries. This expectation was not fulfilled and the possible reasons are discussed.