cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulated tRNA import in Leishmania mitochondria

The genes for three new tRNA and a 5S RNA were identified from a genomic DNA clone of 917 nucleotide pairs from the protozoon Leishmania tarentolae. They were encoded in the following order. The transcriptional directions and anticodons are in parentheses: tRNAVal (CAC→)–5SRNA (→)–tRNAHis (←GUG)–tRNAPhe (GAA→). The tRNAHis and tRNAPhe sequences have not been reported previously in trypanosomatid organisms. By northern analysis, tRNAVal and tRNAPhe were equally distributed between the cytosol and mitochondria, while tRNAHis was less abundant in mitochondria than in the cytosol. Accordingly, the latter tRNA is classified as Import restricted (Impr). As shown before, 5S RNA was not imported. Recently, Mahapatra and Adhya [S. Mahapatra, T. Ghosh, S. Adhya, Nucl. Acids Res. 22 (1994) 3381–3386; S. Mahapatra, S. Adhya, J. Biol. Chem. 271 (1996) 20432–20437] have developed an in vitro import system in Leishmania and suggested that the D-loop sequence could serve as the import determinant. We examined all available tRNA gene sequences in trypanosomatids but found no apparent consensus sequences within the D-loop that might account for tRNA-import regulation.
Energy-absorption coefficients for γ-rays in compounds or mixtures

In 1953 Fano warned that for gamma -rays the simple (Bragg) law of combination for a mixture of elements does not hold exactly for the mass energy absorption coefficient if bremsstrahlung generation is appreciable. This comment has been routinely ignored since then, however, causing errors that may be significant in some circumstances. This note defines the correct method for deriving ( mu en/ rho ) for compounds and intimate mixtures.
The influence of mood on the process and content of encoding future intentions

Remembering to perform an intention in the future when some environmental cue is encountered is referred to as event-based prospective memory. The influence of mood on this future-oriented memory is unclear. By experimentally manipulating mood, the current set of experiments sought to examine the influence that differing mood states have on encoding future intentions. Participants were induced into a neutral, positive, or negative mood state at intention formation and returned to their baseline mood before beginning the prospective memory task. Relative to the neutral mood, positive mood facilitated and negative mood impaired intention encoding when neutrally toned cues were used, as evidenced by the proportion of cues subsequently detected. The use of negatively toned cues ameliorated the benefit of the positive mood but not the impairment of the negative mood. Further, reinstatement of the encoding mood during retrieval equated performance for all three mood conditions. Results suggest that encoded mood...
Essential distinctiveness: strategic alternatives in updating the business core curriculum

Purpose – This paper seeks to propose the use of specific strategic management tools for identifying opportunities for gaining competitive advantage in the business core curricula offered at colleges and universities.Design/methodology/approach – A brief review of the literature on business core curriculum innovation and change is examined, and strategic management concepts are used to compare with a set of competitive peer institutions. The techniques employed in the analysis include a representative weighted competitive strength assessment and a strategic group map in an example case analysis.Findings – The results show that in this particular sample competitive environment, a business core course program could gain a competitive lead over rivals by improving innovation and distinctiveness in the core program content and/or teaching methods.Research limitations/implications – The concepts proposed in this paper are limited by the measures that are selected, the subjective level of importance weights ass...
Safety concerns regarding 5α reductase inhibitors for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia.

Purpose of reviewTo examine the clinical and basic studies regarding persistent adverse effects associated with 5α reductase inhibitor treatment for androgenetic alopecia.Recent findingsRecent postmarketing reports and a US Food and Drug Administration analysis have documented uncommon persistent se
Computer-Assisted Analysis of Clinical Electroretinographic Intensity-Response Functions

The amplitude of the human dark-adapted electroretinogram, measured from the trough of the a-wave to the peak of the b-wave as a function of stimulus intensity can be described nominally by the Naka-Rushton equation which has three independent parameters: Rmax, K, and n. Rmax is the asymptotic value of the ERG amplitude as a function of intensity, K is the intensity that produces an ERG amplitude that is one-half Rmax and n is a dimensionless constant that controls the slope of the function. The advantage of using the Naka-Rushton equation is that the three empirical parameters can be interpreted clinically. For example, changes in Rmax may correspond to response compression owing to retinal ‘gain’ changes or to regional losses of retinal function; changes in K correspond to changes in retinal sensitivity or to changes in pre-retinal light absorption; and changes in n may be interpreted in terms of heterogeneous losses of retinal sensitivity. ERG intensity-response functions were obtained from normal subjects and retinal disease patients, and maximum likelihood values were computed for Rmax, K, and n for each individual’s data. The present paper describes these data and the computer system and analysis algorithm for recording and analyzing the ERG intensity-response function.
Measuring Coalition Functioning Refining Constructs Through Factor Analysis

Internal and external coalition functioning is an important predictor of coalition success that has been linked to perceived coalition effectiveness, coalition goal achievement, coalition ability to support evidence-based programs, and coalition sustainability. Understanding which aspects of coalition functioning best predict coalition success requires the development of valid measures of empirically unique coalition functioning constructs. The goal of the present study is to examine and refine the psychometric properties of coalition functioning constructs in the following six domains: leadership, interpersonal relationships, task focus, participation benefits/costs, sustainability planning, and community support. The authors used factor analysis to identify problematic items in our original measure and then piloted new items and scales to create a more robust, psychometrically sound, multidimensional measure of coalition functioning. Scales displayed good construct validity through correlations with other measures. Discussion considers the strengths and weaknesses of the refined instrument.
Multihop MIMO Relay Networks with ARQ

A multiple antenna multihop relay network consisting of a source, a relay, and a destination node, is considered. The diversity-multiplexing-delay tradeoffs (DMDT) for various multihop ARQ protocols are obtained. It is shown that the tradeoff region is limited by the performance of the weakest link, and hence the optimal ARQ protocol should balance the link performances by allocating the ARQ rounds among all links. Based on this argument, a Variable Block-Length (VBL) ARQ protocol is proposed and its DMDT-optimality is shown.
The Making of a Whore

This article opens with a lengthy personal account of a 23-year-old incest survivor who was interviewed in South Africa in 1991. She defined herself as a “whore” and described how her abusive maternal grandfather had groomed her for this role. The relationship between incest and prostitution in general is documented in the concluding section of this case study; relevant literature on this relationship is cited, and illustrative statements by the survivor are quoted. This case study provides a powerful example of how illusory the “choice” of prostitution as a lifestyle and/or a means of work can be for some incest survivors.
Early detection of aortic aneurysm risk from 4-D MR image data

A computer-aided diagnosis method is reported that allows to objectively identify subjects with connective tissue disorders from sixteen-phase 4D (3D+time) aortic MR images. Our automated segmentation method combines level-set and optimal surface segmentation algorithms so that the final aortic surfaces in all 16 cardiac phases are determined in a single optimization process. The resulting aortic lumen surface is registered with an aortic model followed by calculation of modal indices of aortic shape and motion. The modal indices reflect the differences of any individual aortic shape and motion from an average aortic behavior. Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier is used for classification of normal and connective disease disorder subjects. 4D MR image data sets acquired from 30 normal and connective tissue disorder subjects were used to evaluate the performance of our method. The automated 4D segmentation result produced accurate aortic surfaces in all 16 cardiac phases, covering the aorta from the left- ventricular outflow tract to the diaphragm, yielding sub- voxel accuracy. The computer aided diagnosis method distinguished between normal and connective tissue disorder subjects with a classification correctness of 96.7%.
Aeroassisted Orbital Transfer Trajectory Optimization Considering Thermal Protection System Mass

Aeroassisted orbital transfer is recognized as a potential technology to enhance operational responsiveness in space with significant fuel savings. To endure aerodynamic heating resulting from the flight through the atmosphere, however, considerable thermal protection is required, thereby potentially decreasing the mass savings due to lower fuel consumption. In this paper, the relationship between achievable fuel savings and thermal protection system size is investigated by coupling trajectory optimization and thermal protection system design through the single parameter of maximum heating rate constraint. The optimal solution that minimizes the total mass of fuel and the thermal protection system is then determined. A trajectory optimization procedure and a thermal protection system mass estimation model are then applied to the transfer of a vehicle between two low-Earth orbits with a specified inclination change. All trajectory parameters, including deorbit, boost, and recircularization impulses, are optimized and the thermal protection system is sized with ablative and reusable materials. It is found that the minimum overall mass (fuel and thermal protection system) is achieved when no heating rate constraint is imposed, which is also the scenario that minimizes the fuel consumption alone.
Endothelium-dependent nitric oxide and hyperpolarization-mediated venous relaxation pathways in rat inferior vena cava

Introduction The vascular endothelium plays a major role in the control of arterial tone; however, its role in venous tissues is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of endothelium in the control of venous function and the relaxation pathways involved. Methods Circular segments of inferior vena cava (IVC) from male Sprague–Dawley rats were suspended between two wires and isometric contraction to phenylephrine (Phe; 10 −5 M) and 96 m M KCl was measured. Acetylcholine (Ach; 10 −10 to 10 −5 M) was added and the percentage of venous relaxation was measured. To determine the role of nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI 2 ), vein relaxation was measured in the presence of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N ω -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 3 × 10 −4 M) and the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (10 −5 M). To measure the role of hyperpolarization, vein relaxation was measured in the presence of K + channel activator cromakalim (10 −11 to 10 −6 M), and the nonselective K + channel blocker tetraethylammonium (TEA; 10 −3 M). To test for the contribution of a specific K + channel, the effects of K + channel blockers: glibenclamide (adenosine triphosphate [ATP]-sensitive K ATP , 10 −5 M), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; voltage-dependent K v , 10 −3 M), apamin (small conductance Ca 2+ -dependent SK Ca , 10 −7 M), and iberiotoxin (large conductance Ca 2+ -dependent BK Ca , 10 −8 M) on Ach-induced relaxation were tested. Results Ach caused concentration-dependent relaxation of Phe contraction (maximum 49.9 ± 4.9%). Removal of endothelium abolished Ach-induced relaxation. IVC treatment with L-NAME partially reduced Ach relaxation (32.8 ± 4.9%). In IVC treated with L-NAME plus indomethacin, significant Ach-induced relaxation (33.6 ± 3.2%) could still be observed, suggesting a role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF). In IVC treated with L-NAME, indomethacin and TEA, Ach relaxation was abolished, supporting a role of EDHF. In veins stimulated with high KCl, Ach caused relaxation (maximum 59.5 ± 3.5%) that was abolished in the presence of L-NAME and indomethacin suggesting that any Ach-induced EDHF is blocked in the presence of high KCl depolarizing solution, which does not favor outward movement of K + ion and membrane hyperpolarization. Cromakalim, an activator of K ATP , caused significant IVC relaxation when applied alone or on top of maximal Ach-induced relaxation, suggesting that the Ach response may not involve K ATP . Ach-induced relaxation was not inhibited by glibenclamide, 4-AP, or apamin, suggesting little role of K ATP , K v or SK Ca , respectively. In contrast, iberiotoxin significantly inhibited Ach-induced relaxation, suggesting a role of BK Ca . Conclusions Thus, endothelium-dependent venous relaxation plays a major role in the control of venous function. In addition to NO, an EDHF pathway involving BK Ca may play a role in endothelium-dependent venous relaxation.
Teratogenic effects of mescaline, epinephrine, and norepinephrine in the hamster

Mescaline was administered orally at doses of 16 and 32 mg/kg on the seventh through tenth days of gestation to pregnant cream-strain hamsters. This treatment resulted in a dose-dependent effect on reproductive success and skeletal ossification. The effect of mescaline on reproductive success included an increased number of resorptions resulting in a decreased litter size. The 32 mg/kg dose of mescaline caused 48.8% resorptions, while 16 mg/kg and control animals had 12.0% and 6.4% resorptions, respectively. Litter size was decreased from 12.0 pups in controls to 10.3 (16 mg/kg) and 6.5 (32 mg/kg) pups per litter in treated groups. No gross abnormalities were observed at necropsy; there was, however, a dose-dependent increased delay in the ossification of the skull, sternum, and metatarsals. Both epinephrine and norepinephrine caused a decrease in reproductive success when administered at 500 micrograms/kg. Epinephrine appeared to cause a trend toward preimplantation wastage as indicated by an increased corpora lutea to implantation site ratio (from 1.3-1.9). Norepinephrine, however, caused an increased number of resorptions (29.1% in controls). Both norepinephrine and epinephrine produced similar delays in ossification.
Phenothiazines inhibit S100A4 function by inducing protein oligomerization.

S100A4, a member of the S100 family of Ca2+-binding proteins, regulates carcinoma cell motility via interactions with myosin-IIA. Numerous studies indicate that S100A4 is not simply a marker for metastatic disease, but rather has a direct role in metastatic progression. These observations suggest that S100A4 is an excellent target for therapeutic intervention. Using a unique biosensor-based assay, trifluoperazine (TFP) was identified as an inhibitor that disrupts the S100A4/myosin-IIA interaction. To examine the interaction of S100A4 with TFP, we determined the 2.3 Å crystal structure of human Ca2+-S100A4 bound to TFP. Two TFP molecules bind within the hydrophobic target binding pocket of Ca2+-S100A4 with no significant conformational changes observed in the protein upon complex formation. NMR chemical shift perturbations are consistent with the crystal structure and demonstrate that TFP binds to the target binding cleft of S100A4 in solution. Remarkably, TFP binding results in the assembly of five Ca2+-S100A4/TFP dimers into a tightly packed pentameric ring. Within each pentamer most of the contacts between S100A4 dimers occurs through the TFP moieties. The Ca2+-S100A4/prochlorperazine (PCP) complex exhibits a similar pentameric assembly. Equilibrium sedimentation and cross-linking studies demonstrate the cooperative formation of a similarly sized S100A4/TFP oligomer in solution. Assays examining the ability of TFP to block S100A4-mediated disassembly of myosin-IIA filaments demonstrate that significant inhibition of S100A4 function occurs only at TFP concentrations that promote S100A4 oligomerization. Together these studies support a unique mode of inhibition in which phenothiazines disrupt the S100A4/myosin-IIA interaction by sequestering S100A4 via small molecule-induced oligomerization.
Autonomous exploration via regions of interest

We describe a new paradigm for exploration of unknown spaces based on maximizing the understanding of obstacles rather than the exposure of free space. We look at the interaction between multiple sensor readings and how they combine to resolve obstacles. Taking a next best view approach, we generate an inverse sensor model that identifies regions in space where a new sensor reading has maximal utility with respect to increasing the resolution of that reading. Fusion of multiple models is exploited to generate regions of interest that direct exploration in such a way as to maximize the robots understanding of its space. These techniques are applied to a team of small robots called Millibots.
Formation And Characterization Of Sulfide Clusters In Molecular Sieve Zeolite Materials

The incorporation of molybdenum into the faujasite pore system via reaction of MoCl5 with H-Y zeolite results in dealumination of the zeolite framework and formation of MoO3 species. These species are readily sulfided by H2S, but MoS2 clusters are not produced. A sulfur-bridged dimeric molybdenum cluster, of proposed composition HO-Mo-(S)3-Mo-OH, is formed, which can strongly chemisorb CO. Sulfidation of niobium in this manner is not readily accomplished.
THE PHYTOPLANKTON POPULATION AS A COMPOUND PHOTOSYNTHETIC SYSTEM

The ecological significance of the photosynthetic characteristics of planktonic algae has long been recognized. A simple application of these to the behaviour of natural populations is not possible, however, since the latter is normally governed by the average behaviour of cells continuously circulating within the strong vertical gradient of light intensity characteristic of natural waters. In this situation the unit of ecological significance can often be interpreted as the total population present below unit area of surface. The photosynthesis of this unit constitutes the total or integral photosynthesis in the water column concerned. Its properties are of direct ecological interest. Their relation to the photosynthetic characteristics of the algae present is discussed in this paper, and the influence of various environmental factors is considered. Here an analysis of the variation of photosynthetic rate with depth in the water column is first discussed in relation to an experimental study of the photosynthesis of a freshwater plankton diatom, Asterionella formosa Hass. A mathematical model (of which a preliminary account was given by Talling, 1955), describing the general case of integral photosynthesis in the water column, is attempted. Its application to ecological situations is illustrated by examples relating to the growth of Asterionella in Lake Windermere.
Differential detection of dual traps improves the spatial resolution of optical tweezers

The drive toward more sensitive single-molecule manipulation techniques has led to the recent development of optical tweezers capable of resolving the motions of biological systems at the subnanometer level, approaching the fundamental limit set by Brownian fluctuations. One successful approach has been the dual-trap optical tweezers, in which the system of study is held at both ends by microspheres in two separate optical traps. We present here a theoretical description of the Brownian limit on the spatial resolution of such systems and verify these predictions by direct measurement in a Brownian noise-limited dual-trap optical tweezers. We find that by detecting the positions of both trapped microspheres, correlations in their motions can be exploited to maximize the resolving power of the instrument. Remarkably, we show that the spatial resolution of dual optical traps with dual-trap detection is always superior to that of more traditional, single-trap designs, despite the added Brownian noise of the second trapped microsphere.
Optics of a two-pass erl as an electron source for a non-magnetized RHIC-II electron cooler

Non-magnetized electron cooling of RHIC requires an electron beam energy of 54.3 MeV, electron charge per bunch of 5 nC, normalized rms beam emittance of 4 mm-mrad, and rms energy spread of 4times10-4. In this paper we describe a lattice of a two-pass SRF energy recovery linac (ERL) and results of a PARMELA simulation that provides electron beam parameters satisfying RHIC electron cooling requirements.
Targeting Angiogenesis as Treatment for Obesity

Worldwide, more than 1 billion adults are overweight, and obesity constitutes a key contributor to chronic disease. The conventional wisdom is that this rising epidemic reflects societal adaptation to a sedentary lifestyle and nutritional transition to overconsumption of inexpensive and calorie-dense diets. Implementing behavioral lifestyle modifications to promote weight loss and maintenance, including physical activity and a healthy diet, constitutes a major clinical challenge and remains difficult to achieve. Similarly, there is concern about the safety and potential long-term complications associated with enforcing caloric restriction through bariatric surgery. Finally, the currently available two pharmacological agents, orlistat and phentermine, have limited efficacy and side effects. Consequently, there is an unprecedented need for the development of effective and safe weight loss strategies, and understanding the physiology of obesity may provide novel therapeutic opportunities. See accompanying article on page 317 In the current issue, Cutchins et al identify a previously unrecognized mechanism underlying adipose tissue expansion during obesity.1 The authors first demonstrate that the inhibitor of differentiation-3 (Id3) is expressed in adipose tissue and induced during obesity. Fractionation and immunohistochemistry of the adipose tissue revealed that high-fat diet feeding and the ensuing development of obesity results in increased Id3 expression in endothelial cells. Important functional experiments demonstrated that genetic deletion of Id3 in mice prevents adipose tissue expansion during …
SIZE RELATIONS OF THE FILTERING AREA OF TWO DAPHNIA SPECIES1

The area of the filtering setae of thoracic limbs 3 and 4 of two Daphnia species increases approximately as the square of the body length. In contrast, the rate of increase in the filtering rate relative to body length attains maximum exponential values of 2.5–3.0. The filtering area and the filtering rates of Daphnia rosea become increasingly greater than those of Daphnia magna as body length increases, but the difference in the calculated rate of flow of water through the filtering setae remains nearly constant at all body lengths.
Thiamin Status and Supplementation in the Management of Diabetes Mellitus and its Vascular Comorbidities

The water soluble B vitamin, thiamin, in its coenzyme form as thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP), is necessary for key reactions in glucose metabolism. For this reason, associations between thiamin status or thiamin supplementation and diabetes have been the focus of recent research. Currently, it is not clear how occurrence of diabetes relates to parameters of thiamin status, such as plasma thiamin levels. However, there is strong evidence that the diabetic state increases urinary thiamin excretion and decreases the activity of transketolase (TK), a TPP-dependent enzyme of the hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt in various body tissues. Impairment of TK activity and subsequent downregulation of the HMP shunt activates several pathways that contribute to vascular damage and development of diabetes-related comorbidities such as retinopathy, cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy. Thiamin supplementation has been shown to be effective in restoring TK activity in animal models of diabetes, and in type 1 and type 2 diabetic individuals. Thiamin supplementation has also been shown to be effective in preventing or reversing, either partially or completely, hyperglycemia-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells, and microalbuminuria associated with diabetic nephropathy. Here, we review from current literature examining the relationship between diabetes and thiamin status as well as intervention trials evaluating the effect of thiamin supplementation on glycemic control and prevention of vascular comorbidities of diabetes.
The Case for a Calcium Appetite in Humans

Other chapters in this book discuss calcium requirements and sources, the physiological mechanisms of calcium homeostasis, and diseases that are caused or exacerbated by insufficient calcium consumption. There is often an implicit assumption made that if only people consumed as much calcium as they need—or as much as nutritionists tell them they need—homeostatic mechanisms could maintain calcium balance and the diseases would be ameliorated. But there has been very little attention paid to the question of why people consume less calcium than they need. This chapter examines this critical but neglected question.
Stopping rules for randomized greedy triangulation schemes

Many algorithms for performing inference in graphical models have complexity that is exponential in the treewidth - a parameter of the underlying graph structure. Computing the (minimal) treewidth is NP-complete, so stochastic algorithms are sometimes used to find low width tree decompositions. A common approach for finding good decompositions is iteratively executing a greedy triangulation algorithm (e.g. minfill) with randomized tie-breaking. However, utilizing a stochastic algorithm as part of the inference task introduces a new problem - namely, deciding how long the stochastic algorithm should be allowed to execute before performing inference on the best tree decomposition found so far. We refer to this dilemma as the Stopping Problem and formalize it in terms of the total time needed to answer a probabilistic query. We propose a rule for discontinuing the search for improved decompositions and demonstrate the benefit (in terms of time saved) of applying this rule to Bayes and Markov network instances.
The First Descriptions of Clinical Signs

This chapter includes 18 clinical signs seen in acute neurologic conditions. The origin of the clinical sign and its first description is highlighted. A final comment provides an historical perspective.
Making firm supply chain arrangement fit business contingency: an empirical study

Using the primary data gathered by a nation-wide survey of US textile industry, this study analysed firm supply chain arrangement from a business contingency perspective. In analysis, supply chain arrangement was measured by the focus of a firm on leanness, hybrid, or agility, while environmental characteristics as business contingency were captured by the degrees of environmental diversity, complexity, dynamism, and hostility. Factor analysis and structural equation modelling were utilised to construct the statistical analysis. The results revealed that the supply chain arrangements in response to business environment by high and low performers were significantly different. High performers better fit business environment than low performers, and maximised the benefits of interaction with business environment. A dissonance between supply chain arrangement and business environment could only result in conflicting capabilities and wasted resources, consequently, lower performance.
Sustained Release of a Hypoglycemic Sulfonylurea from Silicone Rubber Capsules. In-vitro Studies

1-(p-Acetyl benzenesulfonyl)-3-cyclohexyl urea, commonly known as acetohexamide, is incorporated into prevulcanized silicone rubber. Capsules in the form of discs 1.5 cm in diameter and 0.22 cm thick, made from the drug-polymer mixtures, are shown to release the drug into water in microgram quantities for a period of over 6 months. The rate of drug release is affected by the total drug content of the capsule as well as the rate of drug removal from the surrounding medium. Capsules with 19 mg of acetohexamide incorporated per disc release 14.2% (2.69 mg) of drug in 200 days while capsules with 38 mg of drug incorporated per disc release 10.9% (4.14 mg) of drug into water during the same period. UV spectra of acetohexamide is scanned to ensure that gross structural changes have not occurred during the course of the experiment. Optical density reading at the 247-nm peak is utilized for the quantitative determination of drug released.
The Elasticity of Demand for Tennessee Gasoline

THE provocation for this study was the assertion of a colleague that a change in the tax rate, even assuming an equivalent change in the price, would not significantly affect the quantity of gasoline purchased in Tennessee. His reason, that it is "generally known" that the demand for gasoline in the United States is very inelastic, failed, however, to recognize that inter-segmental competition within a total market makes the elasticity of demand in a
The Expression of the nth Power of a Number in Terms of the nth Powers of other Numbers, n Being any Integer; and the Deduction of Some Interesting Properties of Prime Numbers

(1902). The Expression of the nth Power of a Number in Terms of the nth Powers of other Numbers, n Being any Integer; and the Deduction of Some Interesting Properties of Prime Numbers. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 9, No. 8-9, pp. 187-193.
Abstract 3422: Requirement of the histone demethylase LSD1 in Snail-mediated transcriptional repression during epithelial-mesenchymal transition

Cellular transitions between epithelial and mesenchymal states have crucial roles in embryonic development and tumor metastasis. Members of the Snai1 family of zinc finger transcription factors have emerged as key regulators of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and induce EMT in part by directly repressing epithelial markers such as E-cadherin, a gate keeper of the epithelial phenotype. However, the mechanisms underlying Snai1-mediated transcriptional repression remains incompletely understood. Our study shows Snai1 physically interacts with histone demethylase LSD1 (KDM1A) via the repressive SNAG domain located at the N-terminus. Stable over-expression of Snai1 in human mammary epithelial cell MCF10A recruits LSD1 to the E-cadherin promoter and reduce the level of dimethylation of lysine 4 in histone 3 (H3K4m2), a covalent histone modification commonly associated with active promoters. LSD1 is essential for Snai1-mediated transcriptional repression and for maintenance of the silenced state of Snai1 target genes in invasive cancer cells. In the absence of LSD1, Snai1 fails to repress E-cadherin. In cancer cells in which E-cadherin is silenced, depletion of LSD1 results in partial de-repression of epithelial genes and elevated H3K4m2 levels at the E-cadherin promoter, These results underline the critical role of LSD1 in Snai1-dependent transcriptional repression of epithelial markers and suggest that the LSD1 complex could be a potential therapeutic target for prevention of Snai1-dependent EMT and tumor invasion. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3422. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3422
Superheating Water by CW Excitation of Gold Nanodots

A temperature-dependent photoluminescent thin film of Al(0.94)Ga(0.06)N doped with Er(3+) is used to measure the temperature of lithographically prepared gold nanodots. The gold nanodots and thin film are excited simultaneously with a continuous wave (CW) Nd:YAG 532 nm laser. The gold nanodot is submersed under water, and the dot is subsequently heated. The water immediately surrounding the nanodot is superheated beyond the boiling point up to the spinodal decomposition temperature at 594 ± 17 K. The spinodal decomposition has been confirmed with the observation of critical opalescence. We characterize the laser scattering that occurs in unison with spinodal decomposition due to an increased coherence length associated with the liquid-liquid transition.
Identification of a Cyclic Nucleotide as a Cryptic Intermediate in Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is a redox cofactor found in all kingdoms of life, and its biosynthesis is essential for survival of many organisms, including humans. The first step of Moco biosynthesis is a unique transformation of guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP). In bacteria, MoaA and MoaC catalyze this transformation, although the specific functions of these enzymes were not fully understood. Here, we report the first isolation and structural characterization of a product of MoaA. This molecule was isolated under anaerobic conditions from a solution of MoaA incubated with GTP, S-adenosyl-l-methionine, and sodium dithionite in the absence of MoaC. Structural characterization by chemical derivatization, MS, and NMR spectroscopy suggested the structure of this molecule to be (8S)-3′,8-cyclo-7,8-dihydroguanosine 5′-triphosphate (3′,8-cH2GTP). The isolated 3′,8-cH2GTP was converted to cPMP by MoaC or its human homologue, MOCS1B, with high specificities (Km < 0.06...
Investigation of antiretroviral adherence among 218 AIDS patients

Objective To measure levels of treatment adherence and related factors in AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Fuyang.Method A total of 218 AIDS patients receiving antiretroviral therapy were collected using cluster sampling.Data were collected on demographic variables,missing drug and the main reasons.Results For the 218 patients taking medicine,33(15.1%) obeyed the request of doctors(to be defined adherence),with the full completion of pill dose,number of times,and taking medicine according to time schedule,not to be interrupted or miss pills.In terms of age,sex,education,family size and marital status,there was no significant difference in compliance.However,there was significant difference among different family income.Those who had middle family income(5000-10000yuan/age)had higher adherence.The most common reasons of non-adherence were that patients were not able to take medicine according to the strict time schedule,according to number of times,and according to the full completion of pill dose,respectively.However the most common reasons of missing pills were that the patients were busy with something,or forgot taking pills.Conclusions The antiretroviral adherence in AIDS patients was in low level and the relevant work should be strengthened.
Tiling Hamiltonian Cycles on the 24-Cell

We present a construction for tiling the 24-cell with congruent copies of a single Hamiltonian cycle, using the algebra of quaternions.
Grafting of cultured uroepithelium and bladder mucosa into de-epithelialized segments of colon in rabbits.

AbstractUrinary tract reconstruction using bowel can result in acid-base and electrolyte abnormalities. We tested the feasibility of grafting bladder mucosa and urothelial cells grown on a biodegradable polyglactin 910 scaffold onto de-epithelialized segments of bowel in the rabbit. A segment of de-epithelialized colon was either grafted with cultured urothelium on a collagen mesh scaffold (12 rabbits) or with free bladder mucosa (11 rabbits). In 10 rabbits that served as a control group another segment of bowel was isolated and de-epithelialized. No urothelial or bowel epithelial growth was present 4 weeks later in 10 of the isolated deepithelialized colonic segments grafted with the cultured urothelium. In 2 segments a minute focus of epithelium staining positively for anticytokeratin antibodies AE1 and AE3 was seen but this could not be histologically differentiated as either urothelium or native colonic epithelium. All 7 surviving animals that underwent a bladder mucosal graft had viable urothelium at...
Recurrent excitatory connectivity in the dentate gyrus of kindled and kainic acid-treated rats.

Repeated seizures induce mossy fiber axon sprouting, which reorganizes synaptic connectivity in the dentate gyrus. To examine the possibility that sprouted mossy fiber axons may form recurrent exci...
Sharing the tools of primary care

Emphasizing community-based primary care as the dominant mode of clinical practice presents an opportunity for greater self determination among retirees, dependents, and active duty personnel. Physician certification of patients' knowledge of personal profiles, problem lists, medication lists, and plans--described as the tools of primary care--permits patient and doctor agreement on mutual agendas of prevention as well as treatment. This opening for primary care involves interaction among all three of the variables in classic medicine--doctors, illnesses, and patients.
Considerations for throughfall chemistry sample-size determination.

Both the number of trees sampled per species and the number of sampling points under each tree are important throughfall sampling considerations. Chemical loadings obtained from an urban throughfall study were used to evaluate the relative importance of both of these sampling factors in tests for determining species' differences. Power curves for detecting differences among species derived from the noncentrality parameter developed herein indicated that the number of trees sampled per species affects power more than the number of points sampled under each tree.
Barriers to preventive mammography screening among nonadherent Chinese women

A108 Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the second cause of cancer death in Chinese-American women who are the largest Asian population in the US and 70% are immigrants. Chinese women, especially recent immigrants have much lower rates of mammography use than the general population; these women also may lack a regular source of care. Objectives: This study examined factors affecting Chinese women’s use of mammography and how presence of a regular provider mediated the impact of cultural and attitudinal barriers to screening. Methods: Cross-sectional data from a community-based longitudinal intervention study was used to examine the aims of this study. Two hundred and ten Chinese-American women from the Metropolitan DC and NY areas who were over age 40 and non-adherent to the ACS recommended mammography screening guidelines completed a telephone interview. Sociodemographics, acculturation, medical access factors (including health insurance, presence of a regular medical doctor, and physician recommendation), perception of breast cancer risk, and future intention for screening mammography were assessed. Eastern view of health care was measured by a 5-point Likert scale with a reliability of .76. Results: Of 210 non-adherent women, only 36% had an intention to obtain a mammogram in the future. Logistic regression results showed that presence of a regular doctor (OR=4.47, p
Spin transition of iron in magnesiowüstite in the Earth's lower mantle.

Iron is the most abundant transition-metal element in the mantle and therefore plays an important role in the geochemistry and geodynamics of the Earth's interior. Pressure-induced electronic spin transitions of iron occur in magnesiowustite, silicate perovskite and post-perovskite. Here we have studied the spin states of iron in magnesiowustite and the isolated effects of the electronic transitions on the elasticity of magnesiowustite with in situ X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction to pressures of the lowermost mantle. An observed high-spin to low-spin transition of iron in magnesiowustite results in an abnormal compressional behaviour between the high-spin and the low-spin states. The high-pressure, low-spin state exhibits a much higher bulk modulus and bulk sound velocity than the low-pressure, high-spin state; the bulk modulus jumps by approximately 35 percent and bulk sound velocity increases by approximately 15 percent across the transition in (Mg0.83,Fe0.17)O. Although no significant density change is observed across the electronic transition, the jump in the sound velocities and the bulk modulus across the transition provides an additional explanation for the seismic wave heterogeneity in the lowermost mantle. The transition also affects current interpretations of the geophysical and geochemical models using extrapolated or calculated thermal equation-of-state data without considering the effects of the electronic transition.
The Bible as Pastor: An African American Perspective

(2006). The Bible as Pastor: An African American Perspective. Journal of Pastoral Theology: Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 63-80.
Oil Imports: The USA's Achilles' Heel in Geopolitics

Evolution de 1955 a 1980 des productions et consommations d'energie primaire aux Etats-Unis et en URSS. Importations et exportations d'energie du Monde Ouest et du Monde Est en 1980. Importations de petrole des Etats-Unis en 1982 reparties par pays d'origine. Reserves mondiales prouvees de petrole et de gaz naturel a la fin de 1981 reparties par grandes zones geographiques
Health Care in Brazil: Implications for Public Health and Epidemiology

A network of family-based community-oriented primary health programs, or Programa Agentes Communita˙rios de Saude, and family health programs, or Programa Saude da Familia, introduced almost 2 decades ago were the Brazilian government's health care models to restructure primary care under the Unified Health System, or Sistema Unico de Saude. The latter offers comprehensive coverage to all, although it is used by those of lower income, and despite achievement in the last quarter century, access to health services and gradients of health status continue to persist along income, educational background, racial, and religious lines.
Demonstration of 3 pT/√(Hz) at 10 Hz in a fibre-optic magnetometer

Detection of low frequency magnetic fields with interferometric fibre optic sensors has been limited by the presence of a residual signal at the carrier frequency, which upconverts low frequency noise. We present a technique which eliminates the residual signal and associated sideband noise, and demonstrate minimum detectable fields of 3 pT/√(Hz) at 10 Hz.
Insulating tape characteristics at cryogenic temperatures

The power transmission line under development at Brookhaven is a superconducting cable consisting of flexible, concentric, coaxial conductors insulated by wrapped dielectric tape. A demonstration model is under design for 69 kV system operation; the goal for the insulation is an operating stress of 250 V/mil.
Molecular Genetics of Lymphoid Tumorigenesis

Publisher Summary This chapter uses lymphoids specific chromosome abnormalities to analyze, on the molecular level, the mechanisms of oncogenesis in B and T cells. A number of chromosome translocations specifically associated with various lymphoid malignancies has been studied. The best understood B-cell malignancy, in both cytogenetic and molecular terms, is Burkitt's lymphoma. These extremely aggressive tumors carry one of the three chromosome translocations. Approximately 80% of them exhibit t(8;14)(q24;q32) translocations. The precise chromsome bands at which these translocations take place are of considerable significance because the genes important to B-cell ontogeny map to these chromosome regions. T-cell malignancies also carry characteristic chromosome translocations, despite the fact that T-cell malignancies are usually less common than B-cell tumors and are not as intensely studied. The most common site of translocation in T cells is the T-cell-receptor α-chain locus (TCRα), which maps to chromosome 14qll. Embedded within the TCRα locus is the gene for TCRδ. Thus, both of these genes are involved in a number of translocations. An analogy exists between B- and T-cell malignancies; in both cases, rearranging immunoglobulin superfamily genes are involved in translocations.
IsoStack: highly efficient network processing on dedicated cores

Sharing data between the processors becomes increasingly expensive as the number of cores in a system grows. In particular, the network processing overhead on larger systems can reach tens of thousands of CPU cycles per TCP packet, for just hundreds of "useful" instructions. Most of these cycles are spent waiting - when the CPU is stalled while accessing "bouncing" cache lines of network control data shared by all processors in the system - and synchronizing access to this shared state. In many cases, the resulting excessive CPU utilization limits the overall system performance. We describe an IsoStack architecture which eliminates the unnecessary sharing of network control state at all stack layers, from the low-level device access, through the transport protocol, to the socket interface layer. The IsoStack "offloads" network stack processing to a dedicated processor core; multiple applications running on the rest of the cores invoke the IsoStack services in parallel, using a thin access layer that emulates the standard sockets API, without introducing new dependencies between the processors. We present a prototype implementation of this architecture, and provide detailed performance analysis. We demonstrate the ability to scale up the number of application threads and scale down the size of messages. In particular, we show an order of magnitude performance improvement for short messages, reaching the 10Gb/s line speed at 40% CPU utilization even for 64 byte messages, while the unmodified system is choked when driving 11 times less throughput.
Farmer and Forager Interactions in Southeast Asia

Archaeological studies of foragers in Southeast Asia have overwhelmingly focused on technologies and economies in the pre-Neolithic social landscapes of ‘pure’ foragers of the late Pleistocene or early Holocene. However, there is a growing interest in integrating foragers into archaeological research on the complex social and economic mosaics of early agricultural societies during the Neolithic and Early Metal Age periods, raising significant issues about forager/farmer dichotomies and the nature of traditional models of ‘Austronesian’ expansion. With the advantage of historical and ethnographic sources, there is also a recent expansion of archaeological studies focused on specialized forager forest collectors integrated into the political economies of early historic maritime trading polities like Srivijaya, Kedah, Khmer, the Cham states, and Philippine chiefdoms that were dependent on these groups for export products in the lucrative South China Sea/Indian Ocean trade networks of the late first millennium to mid-second millennium. Archaeological investigations of Southeast Asian foragers in these recent complex social landscapes require regional inquiries that include open settlement sites as well as cave excavations, and techniques of archaeological recovery that address the challenging issues of site visibility and preservation.