cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zinc Signals in Inflammation

Zinc is an essential micronutrient for cell growth, differentiation, and survival and when deficient, is associated with increased susceptibility to infections and inflammatory disorders. Zinc homeostasis is critical for proper immune cell function and is therefore tightly regulated by zinc transporters. Recent evidence has highlighted zinc as an intracellular signaling molecule capable of modulating immune cell signaling. Slight changes in intracellular zinc, either by zinc deficiency or by excess zinc, can alter cellular signaling and immune cell function often resulting in increased inflammation. In this chapter, we discuss zinc signals in inflammation with a focus on zinc dependent modulation of select signaling pathways and the effects on immune cell function in response to potentially damaging challenges.
The political economy of capital cities, by Heike Mayer, Fritz Sager, David Kaufmann, and Martin Warland

“Not all capital cities are alike,” stated Sir Peter Hall (2006, p. 8) as he began his chapter on capital cities in a 2006 volume (Gordon, 2006). The Political Economy of Capital Cities begins with...
Low-Density Parity-Check Codes

Gallager first proposed low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and their iterative detection algorithm in 1962 [Gallager, 1962]. They have been almost forgotten for thirty years. Recently, with the extensive research on “turbo-like” codes and on iterative detection, LDPC codes re-emerge as another category of random codes approaching the Shannon capacity limit with practical decoding complexity. Researchers[Mackay et al., 1998] [Kschischang and Prey, 1998] have identified the connection between the sum-product decoding algorithm for the LDPC codes and Pearl’s “belief propagation” [Pearl, 1988] in the field of artificial intelligence. This has stimulated intense interest in the research on codes defined on graphs and iterative detections based probabilistic inference.
Financial toxicity and strain among men receiving prostate cancer care in an equal access healthcare system.

Purpose To examine financial toxicity and strain among men in an equal access healthcare system based on social determinants and clinical characteristics. Methods Observational study among men receiving prostate cancer care (n = 49) at a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) facility. Financial hardship included overall financial strain and financial toxicity due to healthcare costs. Financial strain was measured with one item asking how much money they have leftover at the end of the month. Financial toxicity was measured with the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (COST) scale. Results Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity scores among participants indicated moderate levels of financial toxicity (M = 24.4, SD = 9.9). For financial strain, 36% of participants reported that they did not have enough money left over at the end of the month. There were no racial or clinically related differences in financial toxicity, but race and income level had significant associations with financial strain. Conclusion Financial toxicity and strain should be measured among patients in an equal access healthcare system. Findings suggest that social determinants may be important to assess, to identify patients who may be most likely to experience financial hardship in the context of obtaining cancer care and implement efforts to mitigate the burden for those patients.
Management of High-Risk Breast Lesions: Counterpoint-Time for Personalized Surveillance.

This article does not include an abstract. Please see the accompanying Point by Benjamin C. Calhoun.
Replicability of neural responses to speech accent is driven by study design and analytical parameters

Recent studies have reported evidence that listeners' brains process meaning differently in speech with an in-group as compared to an out-group accent. However, among studies that have used electroencephalography (EEG) to examine neural correlates of semantic processing of speech in different accents, the details of findings are often in conflict, potentially reflecting critical variations in experimental design and/or data analysis parameters. To determine which of these factors might be driving inconsistencies in results across studies, we systematically investigate how analysis parameter sets from several of these studies impact results obtained from our own EEG data set. Data were collected from forty-nine monolingual North American English listeners in an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm as they listened to semantically congruent and incongruent sentences spoken in an American accent and an Indian accent. Several key effects of in-group as compared to out-group accent were robust across the range of parameters found in the literature, including more negative scalp-wide responses to incongruence in the N400 range, more positive posterior responses to congruence in the N400 range, and more positive posterior responses to incongruence in the P600 range. These findings, however, are not fully consistent with the reported observations of the studies whose parameters we used, indicating variation in experimental design may be at play. Other reported effects only emerged under a subset of the analytical parameters tested, suggesting that analytical parameters also drive differences. We hope this spurs discussion of analytical parameters and investigation of the contributions of individual study design variables in this growing field.
MicroRNA-223 Regulates the Development of Cardiovascular Lesions in LCWE-Induced Murine Kawasaki Disease Vasculitis by Repressing the NLRP3 Inflammasome.

Kawasaki disease (KD), an acute febrile childhood illness and systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology, is the leading cause of acquired heart disease among children. Experimental data from murine models of KD vasculitis and transcriptomics data generated from whole blood of KD patients indicate the involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome and interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling in KD pathogenesis. MicroRNA-223 (miR-223) is a negative regulator of NLRP3 activity and IL-1β production, and its expression has been reported to be upregulated during acute human KD; however, the specific role of miR-223 during KD vasculitis remains unknown. Here, using the Lactobacillus casei cell wall extract (LCWE) murine model of KD vasculitis, we demonstrate increased miR-223 expression in LCWE-induced cardiovascular lesions. Compared with control WT mice, LCWE-injected miR-223-deficient mice (miR223 -/y ) developed more severe coronary arteritis and aortitis, as well as more pronounced abdominal aorta aneurysms and dilations. The enhanced cardiovascular lesions and KD vasculitis observed in LCWE-injected miR223 -/y mice correlated with increased NLRP3 inflammasome activity and elevated IL-1β production, indicating that miR-223 limits cardiovascular lesion development by downmodulating NLRP3 inflammasome activity. Collectively, our data reveal a previously unappreciated role of miR-223 in regulating innate immune responses and in limiting KD vasculitis and its cardiovascular lesions by constraining the NLRP3 inflammasome and the IL-1β pathway. These data also suggest that miR-223 expression may be used as a marker for KD vasculitis pathogenesis and provide a novel therapeutic target.
Translanguaging to support emergent bilingual students in English dominant preschools: An explanatory sequential mixed-method study

Emergent bilinguals (EB) from Spanish-speaking homes are an already large and rapidly growing population in the U.S., yet limited research examines their language environments, particularly in the ...
A clinical study on the tip localization of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) guided by intracavitary electrocardiography in newborns: a randomised trial.

Background The present study aimed to investigate the P-wave changes in intracavitary electrocardiography (IC-ECG) during catheterization with a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) in order to provide guidance for the accurate localization of the tip of the PICC. Methods A total of 106 newborns who needed a PICC were randomly divided into two groups-a study group and a control group-using a random number table, with 53 cases in each group. In the study group, the ECG monitor was connected after the successful puncture and insertion of the PICC into the right sternoclavicular joint, and the position of the catheter tip was determined according to the P-wave changes on the IC-ECG. Localization X-rays were taken at the same time. In the control group, after the successful routine puncture and insertion of the PICC into the location to a predetermined length, localization X-rays were taken. The accuracy, procedure duration, and cost of the two localization methods were evaluated. Results The accuracy of the localization in the study group was 92.5%, but the difference was not significant when compared with the control group (P>0.05). The duration of the procedure in the study group was 5.12±1.57 minutes, and the cost was 7.12±0.56 yuan, both of which were significantly different when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions P-wave changes during IC-ECG have high accuracy in determining the location of the tip of the PICC. It is also a simple method and has certain clinical application value. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (number: ChiCTR2100047660).
Thermal analysis of organic binders for ceramic processing

Organic binders are used extensively in ceramic fabrication processes such as dry and isostatic pressing, tape casting, injection molding, slip casting and extrusion. Depending on the specific application, the organic may have to provide plasticity during forming,1,2 strength to the green part after forming,3 and be easily removed by either oxidation and/or pyrolysis without adversely affecting the green microstructure.4,5 While a wide range of organics exist, only a limited number of polymer systems meet all of these requirements as well as the rheological needs for powder processing prior to forming.6–8 For a given polymer class properties vary as a function of polymer molecular weight, composition, and the amount and type of plasticizer. While an extensive literature exists for most of the important polymer classes, the properties that are important for ceramic processing have often not been evaluated. Consequently, selection of organics for ceramic processing is based on experience in the industry and not on the known properties of the organic. While in many cases this approach results in adequate formulations, many times the engineer is stymied when alternative binder systems must be considered.
Postmodern Utopias and Feminist Fictions

Preface Introduction: portals of possibility: speculative standpoint and feminist intervention 1. Learning the way of the world, and beyond: utopian imperatives and the female bildungsroman 2. 'With no guarantees, of course': the art of the possible 3. Archives of the heart: inventing history at the edge(s) of time 4. Always coming home, in America: enacting the romance of community 5. Looking east for news from nowhere: feminist mobility in Muslim women's speculative writing Conclusion: being at home somewhere References Index.
Genetic control of invertase formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. II. Isolation and characterization of mutants conferring invertase hyperproduction in strain EK-6B carrying the SUC3 gene.

Invertase formation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is subject to repression by hexoses in the growth medium. Mutagen-induced (ethyl methanesulfonate or N-methyl-N'-nitro-nitrosoguanidine) invertase hyperproducer mutants have been derived from the SUC3 MAL3 strain EK-6B by selecting for their ability to grow on media containing the sugar raffinose plus 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG). Raffinose like sucrose is a β-fructoside which can be hydrolyzed by yeast invertase (β-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase). These mutants, designated dgr, produce higher levels of invertase (α-glucosidase levels are also elevated but to a lesser extent) under conditions normally repressing invertase biosynthesis in the parent. Invertases of mutants dgr2 and dgr3 are indistinguishable from that of EK-6B with respect to their Km's for sucrose and thermal labilities. Genetic studies revealed that dgr2 and dgr3 are recessive and unlinked to the SUC3 gene.
Incourt: Using a Virtual Supreme Court to Enhance the Traditional Simulation Experience

Moot court simulations are widely used in undergraduate courses in Constitutional Law. In such simulations students are required to complete various tasks: brief cases in anticipation of the simulation, draft appellate briefs and/or outlines, present oral arguments, serve as judges questioning advocates, draft judicial opinions, and complete written or verbal debriefing exercises. These simulations are adaptable to multiple courses and may serve numerous pedagogical goals, most commonly creating an environment for rigorous discussion and debate of legal doctrine; role-playing to develop critical thinking and communications skills; confronting alternative points of view in a case study environment; and teaching/reinforcing judicial politics by embedding students in the judicial decision-making process. As a veteran user of moot courts in upper division courses, I have experimented with a variety of simulation formats, and have been gradually progressing from a more traditional “classroom with the occasional simulation” format to a more simulation-driven course in which students regularly engage in role playing.
Application of proactive quality methods to increase business value

The application of Proactive Tools and Methodologies and Early Warning Systems are used to assist in identifying problems early in the development cycle and in turn improving the quality of a design and avoiding the post launch quality improvement iterations. A key topic of focus will be latent failures, which typically are the costliest and most complex failure modes in the lifecycle of a product. If it can be anticipated how a product will perform in the field, the design can be altered to avoid costly (in both monetary and customer satisfaction terms) field issues. This can be accomplished through the utilization of several techniques and tools throughout the product development cycle. An in-depth analysis of the use of these tools will be provided, including the ongoing deployment of these tools in IBM's Server products. The application of these tools and methodologies with modeling, simulation and sensitivity analyses can effectively enable product development to test inputs and resulting outputs while minimizing the need to build costly physical test systems to prove early designs. This will also help in improving overall product quality and customer satisfaction. The core of a successful quality management system is an established set of quantifiable quality goals, which are determined based on input from customers based on market perceptions and demands. The goals are further dissected into individual metrics spanning all aspects of the product from concept through life cycle. The metrics must be kept synchronized with the quality perceptions and market demands to ensure customer satisfaction. Thus, to ensure the quality management system meets the customer's requirements there has to be a constant feedback loop to identify problems found and drive to root cause corrective action. Logically, as new problems are found, the quality management process must react to be able to identify the new problems earlier in the lifecycle of the product. Timely data collection and analysis along with process control and other quality techniques are key foundations to be able to ensure that the quality management system can quickly adapt to the various types of problems experienced as well as provide a firm baseline on which to improve quality performance measurements. While the need will always exist to react and adapt to the various problems in the day to day process, we need to continue to drive problem identification and discovery upstream, and thus drive for a proactive quality management system. A quality management system and proactive quality have helped IBM significantly improve field performance and customer satisfaction
Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development (BOND): the Query-Based System presenting a new interactive resource for the community (630.7)

Objective: The aim of the BOND project is to provide service to the community via the presentation of evidence-based advice developed via a process of harmonized decision making about best nutrient...
Partial Reactions Catalyzed by γ-Glutamylcysteine Synthetase and Evidence for an Activated Glutamate Intermediate

Abstract Highly purified rat kidney γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (mol wt ∼92,000) catalyzes three partial reactions which appear to reflect aspects of the over-all catalytic mechanism: Reaction 1, hydrolysis of ATP; Reaction 2, phosphorylation by ATP of inorganic phosphate to yield inorganic pyrophosphate, and Reaction 3, cyclization of glutamate to pyrrolidone carboxylate associated with cleavage of ATP. Reactions 1 and 2 are inhibited by l-glutamate, glutamate analogues, and methionine sulfoximine. The enzyme does not catalyze ADP-ATP or Pi-ATP exchange reactions, but does catalyze incorporation of glutamate and of α-aminobutyrate into γ-glutamyl-α-aminobutyrate in the presence of ADP and Pi. The enzyme catalyzes the formation of pyrrolidone carboxylate from d-glutamate about 5 times more rapidly than from l-glutamate; however, the rate of synthesis of dipeptide from d-glutamate is very much less than that from l-glutamate. The enzyme is less active in γ-glutamylcysteine and γ-glutamyl-α-aminobutyrate synthesis when Mg++ is replaced by Mn++, but the amino acid acceptor specificity is broader with Mn++ than with Mg++ and some amino acids are utilized more rapidly with Mn++ than with Mg++. An enzyme-glutamate complex was isolated by gel filtration in the presence of ATP-Mn++; the data are consistent with the conclusion that enzyme-bound γ-glutamylphosphate is an intermediate in dipeptide synthesis. A scheme is presented for the reactions catalyzed by the enzyme.
Seeing death in the living.

Cardiomyocyte apoptosis occurs during reperfusion injury, transplant rejection and heart failure. The ability to image apoptosis non-invasively in the intact heart could lead to a more precise assessment of the clinical condition of patients, and could also expedite therapy. (pages 1347–1352 and 1352–1355 )
With the ends in sight: images from the BRCA1 tumor suppressor.

Structures of two regions of BRCA1 offer important insights into the molecular properties of this tumor suppressor.
Temperature and Voltage Measurements in Hall Cell Anodes

Fifty thermocouples and 30 voltage probes were placed in each of two anodes for recording data during 24 hours of operation. One of the anodes was set to the proper height in the bath and the other was set one inch lower. Current overloading was severe in the low anode, resulting in stub overheating and current imbalance. The stubs were hotter than the adjacent carbon material for the first few hours and then ran about 80°C cooler. Stub-carbon resistance decreased as stub temperature increased, leveling off at a temperature of about 600°C. Variability in stub-carbon resistance readings was appreciable. A voltage probe nine inches under a stub gave a poor indication of stub-carbon resistance. Stub-cast iron resistance was <25% of total stub-carbon resistance. Plots of isotherms showed steep thermal gradients at the corners. Low setting caused overheating in the stub hole region of the carbon, but had less effect in the lower part of the anode. Several hours were required to melt all the bath from the bottom center of the anodes. Thermal equilibrium was established by 16 hours.
Single-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy for sinonasal malignant melanoma

Background A rare head and neck disease that may benefit from definitive or palliative stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is sinonasal malignant melanoma. These tumors can be very aggressive and often lead to severe epistaxis and significant mass effect. Results from only a handful of head and neck sinonasal malignant melanoma treated with SBRT are available in the current literature. Methods The following reports on 2 cases of sinonasal malignant melanoma that recurred postoperatively and were subsequently treated at Roswell Park with SBRT. Both were treated with a single fraction of 15 Gy. Results Nearly instant relief of their chronic epistaxis and complete responses were seen in both patients. One patient is alive and free of disease 7 years after radiation. Conclusion These patients with sinonasal malignant melanoma achieved symptomatic relief of severe bleeding and airway issues from single-fraction SBRT. SBRT should be considered as a treatment option in patients with unresectable sinonasal malignant melanoma. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 37: E34–E37, 2015
Protecting privacy during on-line trust negotiation

The dramatic growth of services and information on the Internet is accompanied by growing concerns over privacy. Trust negotiation is a new approach to establishing trust between strangers on the Internet through the bilateral exchange of digital credentials, the on-line analogue to the paper credentials people carry in their wallets today. When a credential contains sensitive information, its disclosure is governed by an access control policy that specifies credentials that must be received before the sensitive credential is disclosed. This paper identifies the privacy vulnerabilities present in on-line trust negotiation and the approaches that can be taken to eliminate or minimize those vulnerabilities. The paper proposes modifications to negotiation strategies to help prevent the inadvertent disclosure of credential information during online trust negotiation for those credentials or credential attributes that have been designated as sensitive, private information.
Process Think: Winning Perspectives for Business Change in the Information Age

Conducting Business Process Change - Recommendations from Studies of 25 Leading Approaches Strategies for Business Process Reengineering - Evidence from the Field Tactics for Managing Radical Change Initiating and Implementing Business Process Change - Lessons from Ten Years of Inquiry Business Process Change and Organizational Performance Methods for Business Process Reengineering Closing the Business Process Reengineering Gap - Using REAL Framework to Identify, Define and Understand Business Processes Basing an IS Structure on the Organization's Process Architecture Managing Information About Processes The New Waves of Business Process Redesign and IT in Demand/Supply Chain Management - Hard Choices for Senior Managers Enterprise Process Innovation - Strategies and Issues Reengineering Effectiveness and the Redesign of Organizational Control - a Case Study of the Inland Revenue Authority of Singapore The Impact of IOS-Enabled Business Process Change on Business Outcomes - Transformation of the Value Chain of Japan Airlines The Next 110010(2) Years Information Futures - Producer and Consumer Views Service - the Future The Futures of IT Management.
Maternal hyperoxygenation improves left heart filling in fetuses with atrial septal aneurysm causing impediment to left ventricular inflow

Objectives Aneurysm of the atrial septum (AAS) with excessive excursion of septum primum into the left atrium is an uncommon and relatively benign fetal condition associated with impediment to left ventricular (LV) filling and the appearance of a slender, but apex-forming, LV on fetal echocardiography. Impediment to filling can be severe, creating the image of LV hypoplasia with retrograde aortic flow. We hypothesize that maternal hyperoxygenation alters atrial septal position, improves LV filling, and normalizes aortic flow in fetuses with AAS by increasing fetal pulmonary venous return. Methods Fetal echocardiography was performed prior to, and at 10 min of, maternal hyperoxygenation in 12 fetuses with AAS who were referred to our center because of LV hypoplasia. Atrial septal excursion (ASE), LV and right ventricular (RV) sphericity index (SI) and direction of flow in the aortic isthmus, as determined by Doppler, were measured. Results With maternal hyperoxygenation, mean ± SD ASE decreased (0.76 ± 0.17 before maternal hyperoxygenation vs 0.53 ± 0.23 after maternal hyperoxygenation; P < 0.01), consistent with increased pulmonary venous return, LV-SI increased (0.29 ± 0.06 vs 0.42 ± 0.06; P < 0.001), indicating increased LV filling, and the direction of aortic isthmus flow changed from retrograde in all cases prior to maternal hyperoxygenation to antegrade in 10 and to bidirectional in two. RV-SI remained unchanged (0.53 ± 0.13 vs 0.52 ± 0.10; P = 0.7). Conclusions In cases of AAS, short-term maternal hyperoxygenation increases fetal pulmonary venous return, substantially alters LV geometry and promotes antegrade flow in the aortic isthmus. This demonstrates proof-of-concept that maternal hyperoxygenation can improve filling of the left side of the fetal heart in AAS. Copyright © 2014 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Klinische Psychologie: Psychische Störungen

Menschen sind fasziniert von ausergewohnlichen, seltenen und abnormen Dingen. »Die Sonne scheint, warmt uns und leuchtet fur uns, und wir sind nicht neugierig darauf, zu erfahren, warum das so ist«, beobachtete der amerikanische Schriftsteller Ralph Waldo Emerson.
Unoccupied αvβ3 Integrin Regulates Osteoclast Apoptosis by Transmitting a Positive Death Signal

Cell/matrix detachment is a general inducer of programmed cell death, an event mediated by loss of integrin/ligand association. Because αvβ3 is the major integrin expressed by the osteoclast, we asked whether its occupancy promotes survival of the resorptive cell. Thus, we generated wild-type preosteoclasts and placed them on selective matrix proteins. Consistent with the posture that αvβ3 occupancy promotes survival, preosteoclasts plated on native collagen, a matrix not recognized by the integrin, undergo apoptosis 4-fold faster than those on the αvβ3 ligand, vitronectin. To further explore the role of αvβ3 in osteoclast apoptosis, wild-type and β3−/− preosteoclasts were suspended and apoptosis determined, with time. β3−/− preosteoclasts, in suspension, undergo a rate of apoptosis only 40–60% of that of their wild-type counterparts, indicating that unoccupied αvβ3 transmits a positive death signal that we find regulated by caspase-8. Attesting to specificity of the unoccupied integrin-transmitted death ...
[Conformational aspects of polypeptide structure. 33. Infrared spectra and molecular conformations of -ethyl L-glutamate oligopeptides].

Infrared spectra of homo- and co-oligopeptides containing glutamate residues were studied in both solution and solid state. Conformational analyses of these oligomers were carried out by using amide I and II band frequencies. Trimethyl phosphate supports the folded structure of oligomers above the heptamer. In chloroform solution, these oligomers assume the β-extended structures above the pentamer.
Objectives for a cabled observatory in Alaska's Beaufort Sea

Study of the Arctic Ocean is limited by the sea ice and harsh weather that prevent access through much of the year. These constraints have restricted data acquisition in the past and obscured understanding of events, processes, and variability of the environment of the Arctic Ocean. Breaching this isolation can be achieved through the use of new technologies and the adaptation of existing instrumentation to monitor the shelf and basin independent of surface conditions. Through much of its history, Arctic oceanography has been dedicated to the study of large-scale seafloor structure, ocean circulation, and hydrographic structure. Recently, expedition-based observations have been augmented by moored or ice-tethered instruments that provide year-round observations during the span of their deployment. With increased knowledge collected over an extended period, variability has become apparent but is not well understood. Permanent seafloor instrumentation is the only way to understand this variability (seasonal and annual) in the context of what may be rapid climate change (annual to decadal).
Improved Perfusion with rt-PA and Hirulog in a Rabbit Model of Embolic Stroke

We conducted a study using diffusion-weighted (DWI) and perfusion-weighted (PWI) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate the efficacy of thrombolysis in an embolic stroke model with recombinan...
Magnetic resonance imaging evaluation of cardiac tumor characteristics in infants and children.

period. 3 Although most cardiac tumors in pediatric patients are not malignant, they may cause blood flow obstruction, ventricular dysfunction, or arrhythmias that result in significant morbidity and mortality. Rhabdomyoma, which is often associated with tuberous sclerosis, is the most common cardiac tumor diagnosed in children. 3‐6 Its echocardiographic features are well established and additional cardiac imaging tests are seldom required for patient management. 4,5 In contrast, specific imaging characteristics of other childhood cardiac tumors are less well defined. Moreover, treatment strategy varies according to tumor type. For example, a Purkinje cell tumor associated with high-grade ventricular ectopy may require surgical resection, whereas a cardiac hemangioma may be treated with high-dose steroids or interferon. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been shown to provide useful information on tumor location, boundaries, and tissue characteristics in adults. 7,8 However, only a few studies on MRI evaluation of cardiac tumors include infants and children. 7‐10 Furthermore, little information is available regarding MRI tissue characterization of childhood cardiac tumors. The present study, therefore, reports on the evaluation of 11 infants and children with primary cardiac tumors with an emphasis on correlating MRI tumor characteristics with tissue type.
Oil burner master heat control

This new stack-mounted master control for oil burners is an important development in the field of domestic heating. The circuit and components of the stack control are discussed in some detail.
Mercuric iodide (HgI2) platelets for x-ray spectroscopy produced by polymer controlled growth

Abstract The low temperature red form of mercuric iodide has been grown by a new chemical transport method which introduces organic monomers or polymers during the crystal growth process. Resulting crystals are in the form of platelets which are more directly useful in radiation detector device application. Platelets near one centimeter in width and 200 μm in thickness have been grown in periods of a few days using only 99.9% (unpurified) starting material. Measurements of X-ray and gamma ray energy resolution from detectors fabricated from platelets have yielded a 1.15 keV (FWHM) value for the 59.5 keV Am-241 line and 400 ev (FWHM) for the 5.9 keV Fe-55 line. These are again among the highest resolution values ever measured for HgI2. Electrical carrier transport property values of HgI2 so grown equal the best values previously measured from vapor grown material.
Experimental Validation of Exact Optical Transfer Function of Cubic Phase Mask Wavefront Coding Imaging Systems

The spatial frequency response of cubic phase mask wavefront coding imagers under extreme defocus conditions is experimentally measured. The results are compared against analytically derived expressions for optical transfer functions of these computational imaging systems.
STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF THE PROTON-TRANSLOCATING NADH-QUINONE OXIDOREDUCTASE(NDH-1) OF PARACOCCUS DENITRIFICANS : IDENTITY, PROPERTY, AND STOICHIOMETRY OF THE PERIPHERAL SUBUNITS

The proton-translocating NADH-quinone oxidoreductase (NDH-1) of Paracoccus denitrificans is composed of at least 14 unlike subunits and contains one FMN and at least five EPR-detectable iron-sulfur clusters. The 14 subunits are designated NQO1 through NQO14. The expression and partial characterization of the NQO4, -5, and -6 subunits have been performed. The NQO4, -5, and -6 subunits were individually expressed in Escherichia coli. The NQO4 subunit was expressed in both the cytoplasmic phase and membrane fraction, the NQO5 subunit in the cytoplasmic phase only, and the NQO6 subunit in the membrane fraction only. The NQO4 and NQO5 subunits were purified from cytoplasmic phase. Neither subunit contains non-heme iron or acid-labile sulfide, suggesting that the NQO4 or NQO5 subunit is not an iron-sulfur subunit. The antibodies against the NQO4, -5, and -6 subunits cross-reacted with their counterpart subunits in bovine heart complex I. The NQO4, -5, and -6 subunits in membrane-bound P. denitrificans NDH-1 were extracted by treatment at alkaline pH ( > or = 10) or with chaotropes (NaBr, Nal, and urea), suggesting that these subunits are localized in the peripheral part (not in the membrane sector) of the enzyme complex similar to the NQO1, -2, and -3 subunits. In addition, the subunit stoichiometry of NQO1 through -6 of the membrane-bound P. denitrificans NDH-1 has been determined by radioimmunoassays. There is 1 mol each of the NQO1 through -6 subunits per mol of the P. denitrificans NDH-1.
STEREOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF TRIS(CHELATE) COMPLEXES. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF TRIS(DIISOBUTYLDITHIOCARBAMATO)V(III)

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of a tris(dialkyldithiocarbamate)V(III) complex is described, including the results of a single crystal X-ray diffraction investigation. The V atoms are surrounded by the six sulfur atoms of the chelating diisobutyldithiocarbamate ligands and have structures that are quite compressed with geometries intermediate between that of an octahedron and a trigonal prism. An analysis of specific structural features of these complexes suggests the distortions observed have their origins largely in electronic effects, as opposed to steric constraints imposed by the ligands. The structure crystallizes in the triclinic space group PΓ with two crystallographically independent molecules in the asymmetric unit and lattice parameters a = 11.629(3) A, b = 17.773(6) A, c = 18.947(8) A, α = 80.25(3)°, β = 88.86(3)°, γ = 76.29(2)°, V = 3748(2) A3. Convergence to conventional R values of R = 0.048 and Rw = 0.059 was obtained for 667 variable parameters and 3306 reflections with I>3σ(I).
An Examination of Phonemic Processing Abilities in Children During Their First-Grade Year

The present study examined the development of reading and phonological processing abilities of 209 first graders (118 males, 91 females; mean age = 86.7 months) assessed during the first and last quarters of their first-grade year. The children were arranged into three different groups based on their Time 2 reading and intelligence data (children with and without reading disabilities, and “garden-variety” poor readers). Analyses indicated that the children with reading disabilities and the garden-variety poor readers did not differ significantly on many of the tasks, but both performed differently than the children without reading disabilities. Developmental analyses indicated that all three groups increased their reading and phonological skills; however, the gap between the performance of the children without reading disabilities and the other two groups widened from Time 1 to Time 2. The most important finding of the present study concerned the classification results of the discriminant analysis, which ...
Microsensors for Corrosion Control

Abstract Sensors have been developed and manufactured by microelectronic fabrication techniques to measure corrosion rates directly and to determine the effectiveness of corrosion control systems. Microsensors based on measurements of corrosion rate by linear polarization, electrical resistance change and galvanic currents have been devised. Analytical measurements by potentiometric and amperometric techniques using thick-film planar transducers are illustrated. The use of generic sensor elements individually and in combination to attest the status of corrosion control and to provide data for the evaluation of future performance is highlighted.
Additive Effects of Utility and Attitudinal Supportiveness in the Selection of Information

Summary In a 4 × 2 design the effects of utility and attitudinal-supportiveness of information on message selection were tested. From data obtained in the pretest session, subjects were assigned to one of four Prior Attitude levels (Strongly Anti, Anti, Pro, Strongly Pro), and required to make either a Proabortion or an Antiabortion speech. Statements for and against legalized abortion were reproduced on slides which subjects selected and viewed to prepare their speeches. Unobtrusive measures of the proportion of Proabortion slides viewed and the proportion of time spent viewing Proabortion slides constituted the major dependent variables of the study. A main effect of information utility was hypothesized, and this expectation was strongly supported (p < .001). Within each speech condition subjects were expected to prefer attitudinally supportive information. This hypothesized additivity of supportive and useful information was evident (p < .002) for subjects assigned to make Proabortion speeches, but ins...
Clinical Observations Following Root Amputation in Maxillary Molar Teeth

Thirty-four maxillary molar teeth were evaluated from 11 to 84 months after root amputation. The most consistent finding was that although 24 were neither splinted nor supported in any way, only three developed mobility. Two of these were used as abutments for partial dentures. One other tooth was extracted due to recurrent lateral abscesses and subsequent involvement of the mesial furca.
Localization of the transmembrane proteoglycan syndecan-4 and its regulatory kinases in costameres of rat cardiomyocytes: a deconvolution microscopic study.

Syndecan-4 (syn-4), a transmembrane heparan sulfate-containing proteoglycan, is unique among the four members of the syndecan family in its specific cellular localization to complex cytoskeletal adhesion sites, i.e., focal adhesions. During early phenotypic redifferentiation of neonatal cardiomyocytes in culture, immunolocalization reveals syn-4 to be heavily concentrated in the perinuclear endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi region, with little found at the peripheral regions. Subsequently, syn-4 becomes localized to a cytoskeletal adhesion complex unique to striated muscle, the costamere. Soon after redifferentiation of myofibrils in cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes, syn-4 is present only in costameres, not in focal adhesions. In cultured adult cardiomyocytes, it is present in both costameres and focal adhesions—the latter in two distinct regions of the spread cardiomyocytes, reflecting localization with two types of actin-containing filaments. The fact that syn-4 is observed early in the costameric regions, as opposed to later in the focal adhesions, suggests that it may play an initial role in early adhesion/signal transduction mechanisms in close proximity to the contractile apparatus, as well as in transmission of contractile force to the collagenous extracellular matrix (ECM) which surrounds the cardiac myofibers in situ. With respect to possible regulatory mechanisms of syn-4, we localized syn-4 with both the ϵ isoform of protein kinase C and the tyrosine kinase pp60csrc in costameric regions. These findings suggest that syn-4 may not only play a role in cellular adhesion and contractile force transmission, it may also, through ser, thr, and tyr phosphorylation, be part of an interactive signal transduction mechanism in myocardial functioning via these adhesive cytoskeletal complexes. Anat Rec 268:38–46, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Free, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acids reduce membrane electrical excitability in neonatal rat cardiac myocytes.

Abstract Because previous studies showed that polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce the contraction rate of spontaneously beating heart cells and have antiarrhythmic effects, we examined the effects of the fatty acids on the electrophysiology of the cardiac cycle in isolated neonatal rat cardiac myocytes. Exposure of cardiomyocytes to 10 microM eicosapentaenoic acid for 2-5 min markedly increased the strength of the depolarizing current required to elicit an action potential (from 18.0 +/- 2.4 pA to 26.8 +/- 2.7 pA, P < 0.01) and the cycle length of excitability (from 525 ms to 1225 ms, delta = 700 +/- 212, P < 0.05). These changes were due to an increase in the threshold for action potential (from -52 mV to -43 mV, delta = 9 +/- 3, P < 0.05) and a more negative resting membrane potential (from -52 mV to -57 mV, delta = 5 +/- 1, P < 0.05). There was a progressive prolongation of intervals between spontaneous action potentials and a slowed rate of phase 4 depolarization. Other polyunsaturated fatty acids--including docosahexaenoic acid, linolenic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and its nonmetabolizable analog eicosatetraynoic acid, but neither the monounsaturated oleic acid nor the saturated stearic acid--had similar effects. The effects of the fatty acids could be reversed by washing with fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin. These results show that free polyunsaturated fatty acids can reduce membrane electrical excitability of heart cells and provide an electrophysiological basis for the antiarrhythmic effects of these fatty acids.
Comment on ''Casimir-Polder potential in a dielectric medium out of thermal equilibrium''

Rodriguez and Salam [Phys. Rev. A 82, 062522 (2010)] find disagreement between their results for the temperature dependence of the Casimir-Polder potential and those of earlier publications. It is argued that the latter are correct.
Acoustic mixing and chromatography in a PZT driven silicon microfluidic actuator

An ultrasonically driven silicon bulk microfabricated microfluidic actuator for the manipulation of microparticles suspended in a fluid is presented. The major advantage of the device is enabling of multiple particle manipulation capabilities such as collection, separation and mixing, on a single bulk-PZT-silicon platform at low drive voltages (1-10 Vpp). Different types of vibrational modes generated on the silicon body and the silicon nitride membrane generates frequency addressable differential acoustic traps. While high amplitude membrane modes remain in the subsonic regime and generate boundary streaming effects, modes in the silicon body are supersonic and can generate acoustic pressure gradients in the cavity. This architecture enables a battery operated, portable, microfluidic sensor and actuator device for microbiological and colloidal applications.
Uses and Values for News on Cable Television.

Cable subscribers who are regular users of television news indicated that broadcast stations were the dominant source of news across all dayparts. Cable news dependent subscribers were more likely than broadcast news dependent subscribers to use cable news on a regular basis and tune to cable in a national crisis. They were younger, compared cable news more favorably to broadcast news, and placed a higher dollar value on cable news.
The multivariate broken-line model revisited: A discussion on capabilities and limitations

Abstract Using previously published theoretical developments, a generalized multivariate brokenline annual streamflow generator has been developed for use in the Nile River basin. This paper briefly reviews the main concepts of the development but concentrates on several important operational and theoretical aspects of the model. Points addressed are: (a) model ability to preserve extreme-value statistics, the theory and the reality; (b) the preservation of the Hurst coefficient. Results are theoretically documented as well as illustrated with examples from the Nile and many other river basins throughout the world.
Strikingly different behaviors of photoluminescence intensity and terahertz output power versus period of InGaN/GaN quantum wells

We demonstrate that as the period of multiple InGaN/GaN quantum wells is increased from 1 to 16, photoluminescence intensity exhibits strong saturation whereas output power of broadband THz pulses is scaled up superlinearly.
Set the P.A.C.E.!: Results of an HIV Prevention Intervention for Mothers of Young Children

The purpose of the study was to test the efficacy of an HIV prevention intervention to encourage effective parenting and communication between mothers and their 6- to 12-year-old children. The overall goal of the program was to involve mothers in HIV prevention efforts for their children. Three hundred six predominantly African American mothers and their children participated. Mothers attending the intervention were more likely to discuss sexuality-related topics and to state that they intended to discuss sexuality issues with their children at younger ages than did mothers in the control group. The study demonstrates that providing mothers with information and skills can increase their awareness of the need to provide age-appropriate sexuality education to their children, including specific information about HIV and its health consequences, and to encourage their children to adopt behaviors that reduce their chances of contracting HIV.
Somatostatin in Alzheimer's disease and depression

Somatostatin (somatotropin release-inhibiting factor, SRIF) was originally discovered (1) during the purification of growth hormone-releasing factor from rat hypothalamus and was subsequently isolated and characterized (2) in 1972 from ovine hypothalamus. Since its initial characterization, SRIF has been shown to fulfill criteria for a neurotransmitter and to directly modulate neuronal activity as well as acting as an inhibitory factor regulating endocrine and exocrine secretion. Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of SRIF have been reported in several diseases exhibiting prominent cognitive dysfunction, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), major depression, Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, while evidence for regional brain tissue concentration deficits in SRIF are more specific for AD. This mini-review will focus on the studies reporting alterations in CSF and postmortem tissue concentrations of SRIF in AD and depression.
CourseMIRROR: Enhancing Large Classroom Instructor-Student Interactions via Mobile Interfaces and Natural Language Processing

Interactions between students and instructors are crucial to the success of learning and teaching. However, such interactions are limited in large classrooms (e.g. STEM courses and MOOCs). We present CourseMIRROR (Mobile In-situ Reflections and Review with Optimized Rubrics), a mobile system that prompts students' self-reflection and in-situ feedback to enhance the interactions. CourseMIRROR uses automatic text summarization techniques to aggregate students' feedback and present the most significant ones to both the instructors and the students to help them understand both difficulties and misunderstandings encountered. In two semester-long pilot deployments involving 20 participants, we received positive feedback from both students and instructors. We highlight major findings as well as the lessons learned.
Computer literacy: Mainframe monsters and pacman

Abstract This paper discusses computer applications for engineering education. The advantages of using an algorithmic approach are described together with technical details of that methodology. The enhanced education which results from extensive computer utilization, including teacher and student programming and computer graphics, is pointed out. Emphasis is put throughout on microcomputers, which provide a friendly environment with adequate computational power necessary for most teaching purposes. The problem of computer illiteracy is discussed and experience with employing the approaches outlined in the paper is reported.