cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spin polarized tunneling study on spin hall metals and topological insulators(Conference Presentation)

Spin orbit interactions give rise to interesting physics phenomena in solid state materials such as the spin Hall effect (SHE) and topological insulator surface states. Those effects have been extensively studied using various electrical detection methods. However, to date most experiments focus only on characterizing electrons near the Fermi surface, while spin-orbit interaction is expected to be energy dependent. Here we developed a tunneling spectroscopy technique to measure spin Hall materials and topological insulators under finite bias voltages. By electrically injecting spin polarized electrons into spin Hall metals or topological insulators using tunnel junctions and measuring the induced transverse voltage, we are able to study SHE in typical 5d transition metals and the spin momentum locking in topological insulators. For spin Hall effect metals, the magnitude of the spin Hall angle has been a highly controversial topic in previous studies. Results obtained from various techniques can differ by more than an order of magnitude. Our results from this transport measurement turned out to be consistent with the values obtained from spin Hall torque measurements, which can help to address the long debating issue. Besides the magnitude, the voltage dependent spectra from our experiment also provide useful information in distinguishing between different potential mechanisms. Finally, because of the impedance matching capability of tunnel junctions, the spin polarized tunneling technique can also be used as a powerful tool to measure resistive materials such as the topological insulators. Orders of magnitude improvement in the effective spin Hall angle was demonstrated through our measurement
Criticisms of Vigilance Research: A Discussion:

There have been two major criticisms of research on vigilance decrement: (1) that there are few troublesome decrements in the real world and (2) that laboratory research on vigilance, often done with comparatively simple tasks, generalizes poorly to complex tasks in operational situations. The first criticism is supported by research that has failed to find vigilance decrement in operationally relevant situations. The second criticism involves the relationship between basic and applied research. Applied scientists who face immediate practical problems should solve them with quasi-realistic simulation. Simulation-based research has limited generality, however, and should not be seen as a substitute for more general solutions that come from basic research and the variables and laws that it establishes.
Compositional phase stability of strongly correlated electron materials within DFT+ U

Predicting the compositional phase stability of strongly correlated electron materials is an outstanding challenge in condensed matter physics. In this work, we employ the density functional theory plus $U$ $(\mathrm{DFT}+U)$ formalism to address the effects of local correlations due to transition metal $d$ electrons on compositional phase stability in the prototype phase stable and separating materials ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ and olivine ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{FePO}}_{4}$, respectively. We introduce a spectral decomposition of the $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ total energy, revealing the distinct roles of the filling and ordering of the $d$ orbital correlated subspace. The on-site interaction $U$ drives both of these very different materials systems towards phase separation, stemming from enhanced ordering of the $d$ orbital occupancies in the $x=0$ and $x=1$ species, whereas changes in the overall filling of the $d$ shell contribute negligibly. We show that $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ formation energies are qualitatively consistent with experiments for phase stable ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$, phase separating ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{FePO}}_{4}$, and phase stable ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoPO}}_{4}$. However, we find that charge ordering plays a critical role in the energetics at intermediate $x$, strongly dampening the tendency for the Hubbard $U$ to drive phase separation. Most relevantly, the phase stability of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{1/2}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ within $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ is qualitatively incorrect without allowing charge ordering, which is problematic given that neither charge ordering nor the band gap that it induces are observed in experiment. We demonstrate that charge ordering arises from the correlated subspace interaction energy as opposed to the double counting. Additionally, we predict the Li order-disorder transition temperature for ${\mathrm{Li}}_{1/2}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$, demonstrating that the unphysical charge ordering within $\mathrm{DFT}+U$ renders the method problematic, often producing unrealistically large results. Our findings motivate the need for other advanced techniques, such as DFT plus dynamical mean-field theory, for total energies in strongly correlated materials.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF TRACTIONAL RETINOSCHISIS ASSOCIATED WITH VITREOUS HEMORRHAGE IN RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY.

Purpose The tractional retinoschisis is a poorly understood, rare, and likely underappreciated entity in retinopathy of prematurity. The purpose of this article is to describe clinical findings and surgical management of tractional retinoschisis in retinopathy of prematurity, masquerading as Stage 4 retinopathy of prematurity retinal detachment. Methods A retrospective review of a single case with literature review and case discussion. Results In this report, we describe a child with retinopathy of prematurity and tractional schisis, who initially presented with vitreous hemorrhage and was effectively managed by vitrectomy and inner wall retinectomy. At 5 months after vitrectomy, the child demonstrated complete collapse of the retinoschisis with intact posterior pole and brisk light perception. Conclusion Vitrectomy with or without inner wall retinectomy is effective in the management of tractional retinoschisis.
Serum Potassium and Cardiovascular Outcomes: The Highs and the Lows

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a cause of severe disability, poor quality of life, and death among populations with underlying CKD. Many factors contribute to both morbidity and mortality, and among them is electrolyte disturbances; first and foremost is dyskalemia. Potassium concentration in the
U.S. Navy Protective Clothing Program

The Navy Clothing and Textile Research Facility is involved in a major effort to develop fire retardant-heat protective clothing for Navy shipboard personnel encompassing both work and special protective clothing. To determine the degree of protection afforded by the various articles of clothing being developed, both laboratory and field testing have been employed. Laboratory material tests have included vertical flammability resistance tests and protection time determinations for flame impingement exposure. Field tests have involved exposure of garments to total flame envelopment utilizing manikins equipped with paper tape temperature sensors to estimate the extent of burn injury sustained. The usefulness of laboratory tests such as flame impingement tests to predict material/ clothing performance under more realistic fire threat conditions is limited because of differences in exposure conditions between laboratory tests and full-scale fire tests. Laboratory tests do, however, provide an extremely useful screening tool to limit the number of candidate systems to be evaluated under field conditions. This paper covers the nature of some of the clothing systems being developed, the laboratory and field evaluation procedures employed, and some of the laboratory and field test data accumulated on the materials and clothing items investigated.
Sulfur dioxide removal by sol-gel sorbent derived CuO/Alumina sorbents in fixed bed adsorber

Nanostructured alumina supported copper oxide granular sorbents were prepared by the sol-gel method. The properties of the sol-gel derived sorbents were compared with a similar commercial sorbent which has been used in the pilot scale moving-bed copper oxide process for flue gas treatment. The crushing strength of the sol-gel derived sorbents is about 6–7 times that of the commercial samples, while the attrition rate of the former is at least 3 times smaller. At temperatures below 400 °C, SO2 sorption capacity of the sol-gel derived sorbent is about 3 times that of the commercial sorbent with a similar amount of CuO loading (7–9 wt%). The better mechanical properties and higher sulfation capacity of the sol-gel derived alumina supported copper oxide sorbents are due to their unique microstructure and the coating method for CuO.
Hybrid CMOS/GaN 40-MHz Maximum 20-V Input DC–DC Multiphase Buck Converter

This paper presents a 40-MHz hybrid CMOS/GaN integrated multiphase dc–dc switched-inductor buck converter with a maximum 20-V input voltage. The half-bridge switches are realized using lateral AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, while the drivers and other circuitry are implemented in standard 180-nm CMOS. The interface between the CMOS and GaN dice is achieved through face-to-face bonding, reducing inductive parasitics for the connection to less than 15 pH. A capacitively coupled level shifter provides the gate drive for the high-side GaN switch using 5-V CMOS devices. The converter demonstrates 76% efficiency for 8:1 V conversion and over 60% efficiency for conversion ratios up to 16:1.
Drugged Driving: How the Legalization of Marijuana Has Impaired the Ability of the Louisiana DWI Law

Marijuana is now legal in four states and the District of Columbia for recreational purposes and in 23 states and the District of Columbia for medicinal purposes. Effective August 1, 2016, Louisiana enacted drastic changes to its medical marijuana law, largely widening the scope of persons who will qualify for a medical marijuana prescription and beginning the process of establishing pharmaceutical requirements for the prescribed drug. Louisiana’s Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) law, Louisiana Revised Statutes § 14:98, which includes drugged driving, is effect-based, meaning it requires proof of impairment that was caused by a proscribed scheduled drug. Currently, proof of the presence of the inactive, non-impairing marijuana metabolite in a driver’s body is used as evidence of causation of marijuana impairment. Science simply does not support this presumption of causation as this metabolite can remain in the person’s body for over a month after ingestion and long after the effect of the marijuana has ceased. Additionally, most police officers are not specifically trained to detect drug impairment, as it manifests itself differently than alcohol impairment, and Standardized Field Sobriety Test (SFST) results should be challenged on the basis of relevancy. Other states have drafted zero-tolerance driving-under-the-influence (DUI) laws regarding drugged driving. Such laws require that the chemical test show the presence of the active, impairing marijuana metabolite in the driver’s blood. Case law has also carved out affirmative defenses protecting users of medical marijuana from the zero-tolerance laws. It is the author’s opinion that as marijuana becomes more prevalent in Louisiana, the effect-based law will become exposed as drastically ineffective. Therefore, this comment proposes an alternative law regarding driving under the influence of marijuana that is based on current specific scientific findings, also compensating for the lack of police officers’ ability to properly detect marijuana impairment.
Honesty on student evaluations of teaching: effectiveness, purpose, and timing matter!

AbstractStudent evaluations of teaching (SETs) are an important point of assessment for faculty in curriculum development, tenure and promotion decisions, and merit raises. Faculty members utilise SETs to gain feedback on their classes and, hopefully, improve them. The question of the validity of student responses on SETs is a continuing debate in higher education. The current study uses data from two universities (n = 596) to determine whether and under what conditions students are honest on in-class and online SETs, while also assessing their knowledge and attitudes about SETs. Findings reveal that, while students report a high level of honesty on SETs, they are more likely to be honest when they believe that evaluations effectively measure the quality of the course, the results improve teaching and benefit students rather than the administration, and when they are given at the end of the term. Honesty on evaluations is not associated with socio-demographic characteristics.
Does striving to succeed come at a physiological or psychosocial cost for adults who experienced child maltreatment

While striving to succeed in the face of adversity may provide individuals with outward benefits, it may come at a cost to individuals' physical health. The current study examines whether striving predicts greater physiological or psychosocial costs among those who experienced child maltreatment, a stressor that disrupts the caregiving environment and threatens relationship security. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we tested whether greater striving after childhood maltreatment would come at a cost, increasing underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and depressive symptoms despite showing outward success via income and college degree attainment. The study included 13,341 Black, Hispanic, and White adolescents who self-reported striving and their experiences of childhood neglect, physical abuse, and sexual abuse. As young adults, participants reported depressive symptoms, income, and college degree attainment and completed a health assessment from which a 30-year Framingham-based CVD risk score was calculated. Higher striving was associated with lower CVD risk and depressive symptoms, and higher income and college degree attainment, regardless of maltreatment history. These findings highlight the potential for striving as a target for interventions and support the need to examine multiple biological and behavioral outcomes to understand the multifaceted nature of resilience.
A Comparative Transcriptomics Workflow for Analyzing Microarray Data From CHO Cell Cultures

Microarray-based comparative transcriptomics analysis is a powerful tool to understand therapeutic protein producing mammalian cell lines at the gene expression level. However, an integrated analysis workflow specifically designed for end-to-end analysis of microarray data for CHO cells, the most prevalent host for commercial recombinant protein production, is lacking. To address this gap, an automated data analysis workflow in R that leverages public domain analysis modules is developed to analyze microarray based gene expression data. In addition to testing the global transcriptome differences of CHO cells at different conditions, the workflow identifies differentially expressed genes and pathways with intuitive visualizations as the outputs. The utility of this automated workflow is demonstrated by comparing the transcriptomic profiles of recombinant protein expressing CHO cells with and without a temperature shift. Statistically significant differential expression at the gene, pathway, and global transcriptome levels are identified and visualized. An automated workflow like the one developed in this study will enable rapid translation of CHO culture microarray data into biologically relevant information for mechanism-driven cell line optimization and bioprocess development.
Orientation-selective contrast adaptation measured with SSVEP

Exposure to oriented luminance contrast patterns causes a reduction in visual sensitivity specifically for the adapter orientation. This orientation selectivity is probably the most studied aspect of contrast adaptation, but it has rarely been measured with steady-state visually evoked potentials (SSVEPs), despite their becoming one of the more popular methods of human neuroscience. Here, we measured orientation selective adaptation by presenting a plaid stimulus of which the horizontal and vertical grating reversed contrast at different temporal frequencies, while recording EEG signals from occipital visual areas. In three experiments, we compared SSVEP responses to the plaid before and after adaptation. All experiments showed a significant decrease in SSVEP response at the frequency of the adapter orientation, whereas such an effect was absent for the frequency of the orthogonal orientation. Adaptation also led to robust phase delays, selectively for the SSVEP frequency corresponding to the adapter orientation. These results demonstrate the efficiency of SSVEPs for measuring orientation selective adaptation; the method can measure changes in both amplitude and phase, simultaneously for two orientations.
Radiographic Fusion Grade Does Not Impact Health-Related Quality of Life in the Absence of Instrumentation Failure for Patients Undergoing Posterior Instrumented Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity.

Background Pseudarthrosis and rod fracture (RF) remain significant concerns after fusion for adult spinal deformity (ASD). Although a radiographic system of fusion grade has been proposed, the correlation between fusion grade and health-related quality of life measures (HRQoL) is not known. Methods In a retrospective review of a prospectively collected clinical database, patients that underwent ≥5-level posterior instrumented arthrodesis for ASD were evaluated. Fusion grade was determined on plain films using the Lenke criteria. Patients were grouped as 1) complete fusion (grade I or II at all levels), 2) incomplete fusion (grade 3 or 4 at any level), 3) rod fracture without revision (RF), and 4) rod fracture with revision (RFR). Outcome measures were the Oswestry Disability Index, Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey Physical and Mental Component Summaries, Scoliosis Research Society-22r total, and Lumbar Stiffness and Disability Index. Results There were 205 (85%) patients who achieved the minimum 2-year follow-up and were included. Complete fusion was achieved in 115 patients (56.1%), 55% patients (26.8%) had incomplete fusion, and 35% patients (17.1%) had RF. Of the 35 patients with RF, 19 (17.1%; 19/205) underwent revision while 16 (7.8%; 16/205) had RF without revision. HRQoL measures were significantly worse in the RFR group, whereas no significant differences were found between groups 1, 2, and 3. Conclusions Radiographic fusion grade after ASD surgery did not significantly impact HRQoL in the absence of RF. RFR was associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes. Fusion grade may be less predictive of clinical outcomes than the occurrence of RF.
A Comparative Approach to the Neural Control of Locomotion

The neural mechanisms controlling locomotion have been examined in many organisms (Gray, 1968). Several authors have proposed that these mechanisms can be characterized by a set of unifying principles (e.g., Brown, 1911, 1914; Wiersma and Ikeda, 1964; Wilson, 1966a, b, 1967, 1968c, 1972; Szekeley, 1968; Lundberg, 1969; Hoyle, 1970; Evarts et al., 1971; Evoy and Cohen, 1971; Davis, 1973b; Gurfinkel and Shik, 1973; Stein, 1974, 1976; Grillner, 1975; Shik and Orlovsky, 1976; Wetzel and Stuart, 1976). Such principles are useful in that they can order vast groups of data and provide working hypotheses for the design of new experiments. This chapter will present one version of the unifying principles with emphasis on their joint application to the arthropods and the vertebrates.
School Suspension: A Study with Secondary School Students

Abstract A survey on school suspension was conducted with 620 middle and high school students. Two school districts, located in an inner city and in a rural town, were represented. All respondents provided demographic information and completed the Student Rating Scale (SRS) (Hightower, 1988) . Students who reported they had been internally and/or externally suspended completed additional questions regarding their perceptions of this event. Males and Black students were overrepresented in the suspended subsamples. Students who had been suspended were more likely to be involved with the legal system. Two factor scores, Rule Compliance and School Interest, and the total score on the SRS differed in the three groups of students. Responses from the suspended subsamples of students indicated that physical aggression, attributed to lack of self-control, was the most common reason for suspension. When suspended, students reported that they felt “angry” or “happy to get out of the situation.” Of all students who had been suspended, 32% found suspension “not at all” helpful and thought that they would “probably be suspended again”; 37% found it of little use. The efficacy of school suspension practices is questioned; implications for school psychologists are discussed.
Optimal Holding Company Organization and Capital Structure Under Constitutional Governance

This paper considers an economy in which a not-for-profit government seeks to minimize the cost to taxpayers of maintaining a constitutionally mandated free trading market economy while letting firms maximize market values. By free trading, I mean that the government does not (a) force merger among firms, (b) inject new taxpayer funds to firms, and (c) buy assets at fictitious prices from firms. Both the parent and subsidiaries of holding companies (HCs) can be financially leveraged in this economy. The subsidiaries may be simply bankruptcy-remote firewalled entities, created legally on paper and reported as off-balance sheet items, like Master Trusts and Conduits. Milti-tier HC capital structures have led to failures of many mega corporations like Enron and MCI-WorldCom. Major banks are now facing crises due to badly leveraged bankruptcy-remote entities. This paper shows how HCs should optimally determine their multi-tier financial leverage based on a novel debt-holders’ option to walk out (DOW) of bankruptcy proceedings should their out-of-pocket expenses exceed the value of recovery. We show that (a) DOW is too costly for many HCs to seek full diversification, for example, by mergers, and (b) DOW can optimally determine the number of tiers and the capital structure of a holding company.
Induction of Somatic Cell Reprogramming Using the MicroRNA miR-302

Since the discovery of pluripotent stem cells, scientists have envisioned their use in regenerative medicine. Unfortunately, such application of embryonic pluripotent stem cells has been impeded by ethical concerns as well as other obstacles. In light of this, the scientific community has begun to explore somatic cell reprogramming (SCR) as a means of producing induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from somatic cells. Although still far from being clinically applicable, SCR has become a hot research topic, with many groups working to understand its underlying mechanism. The standard method for inducing SCR is achieved by forced expression of four transcription factors defined by Yamanaka and Yu et al. Regrettably, iPSCs produced by the four-factor method tend to be tumorigenic, making them unsafe for clinical application. Recently, a new method has been identified to generate iPSCs through forced expression of an embryonic stem cell (ESC)-enriched microRNA, miR-302. This method holds a distinct advantage over the four-factor method because it can reprogram somatic cells to tumor-free iPSCs. Also, these miR-302-induced iPSCs, termed "mirPSCs," demonstrate a clear mechanism, which explains the process of reprogramming as a response to global DNA demethylation-the first sign of SCR. Nevertheless, miR-302-induced reprogramming is dose-dependent, and microRNA (miRNA) concentration must be within a specific range for the reprogramming to occur. In addition, excessive overexpression of miR-302 in mirPS cells must not occur; otherwise, they will undergo early senescence. mirPSCs represent a new source of pluripotent stem cells without the tumorigenicity traditionally attributed to iPSCs. Looking forward, the next challenge lies with surmounting senescence, an obstacle that often limits stem cell expansion and prevents researchers from growing the large quantities of iPSCs needed for therapeutic use.
Microwave Irradiation Eliminates Circadian Rhythm in Whole Brain Serotonin but Facilitates Quantitation of Bound and Free Serotonin Content

ABSTRACT Rapid enzyme inactivation and atraumatic animal sacrifice are necessary to protect many labile neurochemicals from degradation. To compare sacrifice methods as they affect the steady state levels of brain norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-HT) at various times of day, 25-30 g ICR Sprague-Dawley mice were sacrificed at 8 AM, 12 Noon, 4 PM, 8 PM, 12 midnight and 4 AM by microwave irradiation (MWR) or by decapitation (DC). During the dark cycle (7 PM to 7 AM), mice were sacrificed in infrared light. All brains were removed within 5 minutes, frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in a freezer at 7minus;70°C. The concentrations of NE, DA and 5-HT in whole brain were determined by HPLC coupled with an electrochemical detector. Whole brain NE content following microwave irradiation was significantly higher at 12 Noon, 8 PM, 12 PM and 4 AM. However, NE did not exhibit circadian rhythm in either the group sacrificed by decapitation or the group sacrificed by microwave irradiation. DA levels were significantly higher in brains of mice sacrificed by MWR at 12 Noon, 12 PM and 4 AM. The maximum increase of 15% was observed at 4 AM. Analysis of variance showed no significant circadian rhythm in brain dopamine content in either group. Mice sacrificed by microwave irradiation showed a significant increase in whole brain serotonin content at all times examined when compared to those sacrificed by decapitation. A maximum increase of 48% in serotonin content between these two groups was observed at midnight. From the data presented in this paper we can conclude that a circadian rhythm in serotonin content is observed only in mice sacrificed by the DC method. Further, we have shown that an increase in serotonin content in whole brain following heating could be a result of an increased amount of free serotonin content, which is readily extracted as compared to a bound form. It appears that in normal brain, serotonin maintains a balance between the free and bound form. It is conceivable that observed circadian variations in serotonin content could be due to fluctuations in levels of the bound form of serotonin.
SOX17 regulates uterine epithelial-stromal cross-talk acting via a distal enhancer upstream of Ihh.

Mammalian pregnancy depends on the ability of the uterus to support embryo implantation. Previous studies reveal the Sox17 gene as a downstream target of the Pgr-Gata2-dependent transcription network that directs genomic actions in the uterine endometrium receptive for embryo implantation. Here, we report that ablating Sox17 in the uterine epithelium impairs leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and Indian hedgehog homolog (IHH) signaling, leading to failure of embryo implantation. In vivo deletion of the SOX17-binding region 19 kb upstream of the Ihh locus by CRISPR-Cas technology reduces Ihh expression specifically in the uterus and alters proper endometrial epithelial–stromal interactions, thereby impairing pregnancy. This SOX17-binding interval is also bound by GATA2, FOXA2, and PGR. This cluster of transcription factor binding is common in 737 uterine genes and may represent a key regulatory element essential for uterine epithelial gene expression.
A highly effective multi-string humidifier with a low gas stream pressure drop for desalination

Abstract The humidification-dehumidification (HDH) process is appealing for small-scale distributed desalination of high-salinity water. We report a new design of compact light-weight humidifiers with high effectiveness and low electric energy consumption for HDH systems. The new design consists of a dense array of vertically aligned strings, along which thin films of a heated liquid feed are allowed to flow under gravity. A counterflowing gas stream makes direct contact with liquid films carrying the generated water vapor to a dehumidifier. The unique geometric configuration of our design affords high interface-to-volume ratios necessary for high heat/mass exchange effectiveness and straight contiguous gas flow paths for reduced gas-phase pressure drops. We constructed a 0.4 m-tall prototype and examined the effects of the liquid flow rate, air velocity and feed liquid salinity on the heat/mass transfer performance and the gas stream axial pressure drop. Compared with previously reported pad humidifiers and spray columns, the present multi-string humidifier achieves almost 5 times the evaporation rate per humidifier volume at comparable gas stream pressure drops or an order of magnitude reduction in the gas stream pressure drop at comparable total evaporate rates. Our work demonstrates a highly-effective but compact and light-weight multi-string humidifier with a small gas stream axial pressure drop for HDH and related applications.
Abstract 4672: Anti-angiogenic effects of zoledronic acid on osteotropic breast cancer cells

Emerging data suggest the bisphosphonate, zoledronic acid (ZOL), exerts both indirect and direct anti-tumor effects by decreasing tumor cell proliferation, increasing apoptosis, and inhibiting angiogenesis. Recent data indicate that anti-angiogenic factors exert cellular effects via suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation/respiration and elevation of intracellular ROS levels. This project intended to define proteins involved in response to ZOL-treatment of an osteotropic breast cancer cell line, MDA-231BO. Results demonstrate that MDA-231BO cells are more sensitive to ZOL cytotoxicity and salutary effects are both media- and calcium-dependent. To investigate pro-apoptotic mechanisms of ZOL, total RNA, whole cell protein lysates, or mitochondrial-enriched fractions were isolated from MDA-231BO cells and using a combination of RT-PCR, 1D/2D-PAGE separation and MALDI-MS/MS, we identified several angiogenesis inhibitors that were upregulated and pro-angiogenic factors that were downregulated after ZOL treatment. Functional studies demonstrate the improved efficacy of ZOL on MDA-231BO compared to MDA-MB-231 controls. Taken together, these results further support a model that ZOL tips the ‘angiogenic switch’ in favor of anti-angiogenic factors in cancer cells with a propensity for bone metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4672. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4672
Illinois Department of Motor Vehicle Customers' Reasons for (Not) Registering as an Organ Donor.

Context:Organ donation campaigns are maximized when promotional messages address salient issues among the intended audience. A diverse sample (N = 1573) was recruited to identify the reasons for (n...
Tracking the nuclear ‘mood’ in the United States: Introducing a long term measure of public opinion about nuclear energy using aggregate survey data

Abstract This study uses aggregate polling data to develop and validate a new measure of public support for nuclear energy that allows for the identification of factors that influence the evolution of opinion over relatively long periods of time. In addition to focusing events, such as a significant accident, this new measure shows that energy security risk has consistently driven support for nuclear energy in the US. When oil, gas, and coal were relatively expensive and scarce, support for nuclear energy went up, and when they were relatively inexpensive and abundant, it fell. This finding adds important nuance to our understanding of public support for nuclear energy in the past, and the prospects for a new “nuclear renaissance” in the future1.
Tunable Acoustic Nonreciprocity in Strongly Nonlinear Waveguides with Asymmetry

While there has been exciting progress in the emerging area of nonlinear acoustic nonreciprocity, one of the main challenges is to realize $p\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}a\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}s\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}i\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}v\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e$ nonreciprocal acoustic waveguides with predictable, reliable broadband operation. Here the authors demonstrate an entirely passive nonreciprocal acoustic waveguide that enables transmission of acoustic waves in a preferred direction. Moreover, due to its strong nonlinearity, this nonreciprocity is passively adaptive to energy and can be predictively tuned by the intensity of the applied broadband excitation. Related applications span telecommunication, optics, and biomedical imaging.
Moving forward on all fronts: impact, patterns, and barriers to exercise in cancer survivors and patients living with advanced disease

Exercise is recommended for all patients with cancer, but there has been limited study of exercise habits in patients across the spectrum of illness. This pragmatic survey aimed to identify the unmet supportive care needs, self-reported symptoms, and exercise habits among both cancer survivors and patients living with advanced disease to determine adherence to exercise guidelines and to identify barriers and opportunities to improve exercise. An anonymous cross-sectional self-administered paper survey was distributed to patients with cancer presenting for oncology clinic visits at an academic cancer center. Survey measures included presence of symptoms and health problems in addition to weekly time spent exercising, change in exercise levels since diagnosis, interest in exercise, and self-reported barriers. Participants reporting at least 150 min of exercise per week were characterized as adherent to guidelines. Among 640 survey respondents, 570 (89%) completed questions about exercise. Only 44% of cancer survivors and 34% of patients living with advanced disease met current guidelines. Survivors who met exercise guidelines had a lower prevalence of fatigue and memory impairments, but this finding was not seen among patients with advanced cancer. Over 70% of patients with advanced disease and 47% of survivors reported decreasing exercise post-diagnosis compared to pre-diagnosis. Prominent barriers to exercise among both groups included burden of illness and time constraints but interest in increasing exercise was high. There is an opportunity to improve exercise and related outcomes among a large percentage of both cancer survivors and patients living with advanced disease.
Standard Model (and Beyond

The Standard Model (SM) is a set of theories that describe fundamental particle physics and the interactions of all known elementary particles, except gravity. Kick-started by Sheldon Glashow’s discovery of combining electromagnetic and weak interactions in 1961, it has evolved since then into its current form that we know today. Many precision analyses have been performed at many particle physics experiments such as AGS, E288, PETRA, UA1, D0, DONUT, and the experiments at the LHC. All of these experiments have measured the cross-section for various processes and show good agreement to the predictions of the Standard Model. This chapter provides background information about the Standard Model, the theories, and its particles. There are still many other puzzles of the Standard Model that need to be reconciled and will be discussed in this chapter as well.
Feasibility of a Regional Approach to an Obstetrics and Gynecology Transition to Residency Course.

Objective To demonstrate the feasibility of a regional Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) Transition to Residency Course (TRC) through compliance, satisfaction, and sustainability. Methods We implemented a two-week, multi-institutional regional TRC (RTRC) for fourth-year medical students matched in Ob/Gyn or Family Medicine from four New England medical schools. Curriculum was developed to meet Ob/Gyn Milestone One (M1) and Core Entrustable Professional Activity (CEPA) objectives. Compliance, satisfaction, and sustainability were identified as feasibility outcomes. Results From 2015-2018, a total of 63 fourth-year students have participated. The number of students remained stable each year. All students attended 100% of sessions. There was an average of >9/10 in all satisfaction metrics all four years. The number of faculty members from each institution remained stable over the four years. Conclusion A RTRC is feasible as measured through compliance, satisfaction and sustainability.
A Dyadic Analysis of Emotion Regulation as a Moderator of Associations Between Marital Conflict and Marital Satisfaction Among First-married and Remarried Couples:

We examined emotion regulation strategies as moderators of marital conflict and marital satisfaction between first-married and remarried couples. Remarried couples with a stepchild (n = 108) and fi...
Cardiac surgery during the COVID-19 sine wave: Preparation once, preparation twice. The view from Houston.

The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has created major challenges and disruptions to hospitals throughout the world, with profound implications for cardiac surgery and cardiac surgeons. In this review, we highlight the hospital and cardiac surgical experience at Baylor St. Luke's Medical Center in the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas as of mid-July 2020. Our local experience has consisted of a spring surge (early March to early May), followed by a relative flattening and then a summer surge (early June to present day), similar to a sine wave. Throughout the entire pandemic, our simultaneous medical priorities have been treating the growing number of patients with COVID-19 while continuing to provide needed care for those without COVID-19. The current situation will be the "new normal" until a vaccine becomes available. It will be vital to stay attuned to epidemiologists, public health officials, and infection control experts, because what they see today, the intensive care units will see tomorrow. The lessons we have learned are outlined in this review but can be summarized most succinctly: preparation. We must prepare in advance, stockpile supplies and personal protective equipment, have rapid and vigorous testing protocols in place, utilize technology (eg, online meetings, videoconference "office visits"), and encourage hospital-wide and community protective efforts (social distancing, mask wearing, hand hygiene). Hopefully, the lessons learned through this challenging experience will prepare us for the next time.
Aortic and Pulmonic Valvular Heart Disease

Valvular heart disease is a growing public health concern. Over the past century, there has been a shift in the primary etiology of valvular heart disease in industrialized nations. Rheumatic heart disease, which remains the most common etiology of heart valve disease globally, has become rare in western countries while degenerative valvular disease has become more common. The prevalence of degenerative heart valve disease increases with age and, consequently, the prevalence of heart valve disease is increasing with the aging population in western countries.
Common Reality: An Interface of Human-Robot Communication and Mutual Understanding

An interface that can share effective and comprehensive mutual understanding is critical for human-robot interaction. This paper designs a novel human-robot interaction interface that enables humans and robots to interact by their shared mutual understanding of the context. The interface superimposes robot-centered reality and human-centered reality on the working space to construct a mutual understanding environment. The common-reality interface enables humans to communicate with robots through speech and immersive touching. The mutual understanding is constructed by the user’s commands, localization of objects, recognition of objects, object semantics, and augmented trajectories. The user’s vocal commands are interpreted to formal logic, and finger touching is detected and represented by coordinates. Real-world experiments have been done to show the effectiveness of the proposed interface.
Historical Piracy and its Impact

During most of the twentieth century piracy was thought to be long gone. Following the end of the Cold War, international piracy on the high seas has increased at an alarming rate. This chapter begins by examining the history of piracy in European, New World, African, Indian, Southeast Asian, Australian, and East Asian waters, before turning to an analysis of the types of piracy , the legal definitions of what is piracy versus maritime crime, and those geographic factors that determine whether an attack is piracy on the high seas or maritime crime in a particular country’s sovereign waters.
Higher Education Civic Engagement: Project or Orientation

The question of how higher education institutions engage with society is gaining more prominence, and is highlighted as a future strategic direction in the 2011 Hunt Report. However, the term engagement is variously understood and interpreted, and raises ideological and political issues for institutions. This paper considers the conceptual issues around engagement, and looks at the varied definitions around the social/civic/community interpretation. It then moves to look at how both the practice and politics of civic engagement are influenced by institutional values and priorities. Consequently, civic engagement may be perceived as a project on the margins or a way of orienting and infusing institutional activities. The paper ends by examining how civic engagement can be moved from the periphery to the core of institutional life and activities.
Design choices when architecting visualizations

In this paper, we focus on some of the key design decisions we faced during the process of architecting a visualization system and present some possible choices, with their associated advantages and disadvantages. We frame this discussion within the context of Rivet, our general visualization environment designed for rapidly prototyping interactive, exploratory visualization tools for analysis. As we designed increasingly sophisticated visualizations, we needed to refine Rivet in order to be able to create these richer displays for larger and more complex data sets. The design decisions we discuss in this paper include: the internal data model, data access, semantic meta-data information the visualization can use to create effective visual decodings, the need for data transformations in a visualization tool, modular objects for flexibility, and the tradeoff between simplicity and expressiveness when providing methods for creating visualizations.
War and Peace

War and Peace is a vast epic centred on Napoleon's war with Russia. While it expresses Tolstoy's view that history is an inexorable process which man cannot influence, he peoples his great novel with a cast of over five hundred characters. Three of these, the artless and delightful Natasha Rostov, the world-weary Prince Andrew Bolkonsky and the idealistic Pierre Bezukhov illustrate Tolstoy's philosophy in this novel of unquestioned mastery. This translation is one which received Tolstoy's approval.
Magnitude and laterality of breast cancer risk according to histologic type of atypical hyperplasia: results from the Nurses' Health Study.

BACKGROUND. Atypical hyperplasia (AH) in a benign breast biopsy is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. However, the influence of the histologic type of AH on the magnitude and laterality of breast cancer risk is poorly defined. METHODS. The authors conducted a case-control study of benign breast disease and breast cancer risk nested within the Nurses' Health Study (395 cases, 1610 controls). Benign breast biopsy slides were reviewed and categorized as showing nonproliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia, or AH. Slides that showed AH were categorized further as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH). RESULTS. The odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer among all women with AH was 4.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.9–5.8). However, among premenopausal women, breast cancer risk was higher for women with ALH (OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.8–14.2) than for women with ADH (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.0–4.8). Overall, 58.9% of invasive breast cancers that developed in women with AH were in the ipsilateral breast, and the frequency of ipsilateral breast cancer was similar for women with ALH (61.3%) and women with ADH (55.9%; P = .66). CONCLUSIONS. Women with AH in a benign breast biopsy were at a substantially increased risk for the development of breast cancer. Among premenopausal women, the risk appeared to be greater for those with ALH than those with ADH. Because only ≈60% of cancers that develop in women with AH occur in the ipsilateral breast, for the purposes of clinical management, these lesions are viewed best as markers of a generalized (bilateral) increase in breast cancer risk. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Studies concerning the mechanism of action of antimalarial drugs. II. Inhibition of the incorporation of adenosine-5'-monophosphate- 3 H into nucleic acids of erythrocyte-free malarial parasites.

Abstract A new system for the detection of the direct effects of drugs on precursor incorporation into the nucleic acids of erythrocyte-free malarial parasites (Plasmodium berghei) has been developed. Incorporation of radioactivity is mainly into RNA, but only small amounts of radioactivity appear to be associated with parasite DNA. Dose-response curves showing inhibited incorporation of radioactivity from AMP-8-3H are presented. These include amodiaquine, chloroguanide, chloroquine, quinine, quinacrine and ethidium. Quinacrine and ethidium were clearly more potent than the other drugs studied. Utilizing a previously reported system for detection of antimalarial action on parasitized blood in conjunction with this new system, we were able to detect some drugs (amodiaquine, chloroguanide) which appear to be more effective against erythrocyte-free parasites than against intraerythrocytic parasites.