cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of a Dynamic Duopoly Model of Advertising

This paper presents a dynamic model of advertising in a duopoly and studies sales response to steady-state advertising policies. With steady-state advertising policies, sales levels must converge to one of a finite number of equilibria, and the equilibrium set consists of sinks and saddles with one more sink than saddle. When advertising is allowed to vary, the model may admit hysteresis; and we present an example which shows that accounting for word-of-mouth advertising can lead to hysteresis.
Motor variables correlated with the hand-to-mouth maneuver in stroke patients.

This study investigated the relationship between each of three independent variables and the completion of the hand-to-mouth maneuver in 23 hemiparetic stroke patients. The independent variables were elbow-extensor muscle tone (graded using the Modified Ashworth Scale); active elbow-flexion range-of-motion deficit measured without the influence of gravity; and elbow-flexion strength measured without the influence of gravity with a hand-held dynamometer. The hand-to-mouth maneuver was graded according to the degree of completion using a three-level ordinal scale. Spearman (rs) correlations demonstrated a significant relationship between the extent of completion of the hand-to-mouth maneuver and both the active elbow-flexion-range deficit (rs = -.853) and the elbow-flexor muscle force (rs = .829). The correlation of the maneuver with elbow-extensor muscle tone (rs = -.063) was not significant, but the relationship may have been influenced by the fact that only a minority of subjects had elevated tone, and that elevation was minimal. The result suggest that both active-movement deficits and muscle strength may be important to upper extremity function.
Coping, functioning, and adjustment of rescue workers after the Oklahoma City bombing

Studies have not previously considered postdisaster adjustment in the context of psychiatric disorders. After the Oklahoma City bombing, a volunteer sample of 181 firefighters who served as rescue and recovery workers was assessed with a structured diagnostic interview. The firefighters had relatively low rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and described little functional impairment, positive social adjustment, and high job satisfaction. PTSD was associated with reduced job satisfaction and functional impairment, providing diagnostic validity. Turning to social supports, seeking mental health treatment, and taking medication were not widely prevalent coping responses. Postdisaster alcohol use disorders and drinking to cope were significantly associated with indicators of poorer functioning. Surveillance for problem drinking after disaster exposure may identify useful directions for intervention.
An Imaging Study of Compression Ignition Phenomena of Iso-Octane, Indolene, and Gasoline Fuels in a Single-Cylinder Research Engine

High-speed imaging combined with the optical access provided by a research engine offer the ability to directly image and compare ignition and combustion phenomena of various fuels. Such data provide valuable insight into the physical and chemical mechanisms important in each system. In this study, crank-angle resolved imaging data were used to investigate homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) operation of a single-cylinder four-valve optical engine fueled using gasoline, indolene, and iso-octane. Lean operating limits were the focus of the study with the primary objective of identifying different modes of reaction front initiation and propagation for each fuel. HCCI combustion was initiated and maintained over a range of lean conditions for various fuels, from 0.69 to 0.27. The time-resolved imaging and pressure data show that high rates of heat release in HCCI combustion correlate temporally to simultaneous, intense volumetric blue emission. Lower rates of heat release are characteristic of spatially resolved blue emission. Gasoline supported leaner HCCI operation than indolene. Iso-octane showed a dramatic transition into misfire. Similar regions of preferential ignition were identified for each of the fuels considered using the imaging data. DOI: 10.1115/1.2898720
Nosocomial Bloodstream Infections: Organisms, Risk Factors, and Implications

In the last 30 years, the frequency, etiology, and epidemiology of bloodstream infections (BSIs) have changed with the evolution of medical care, particularly among the increasing number of hospitalized patients who require intensive care. Although gram-negative bacilli were the predominant nosocomial pathogens in the 1970s, gram-positive cocci have emerged as a more frequent cause of nosocomial BSIs during the 1980s and 1990s. Many gram-positive cocci associated with nosocomial BSIs are now resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Currently, the 3 most common causes of nosocomial BSIs in the United States are coagulase-negative staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus, and enterococci. The emergence of vancomycin-resistant staphylococcal infections is of particular concern. In addition, the incidence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) infections appears to be increasing; however, the effect of MRSA infection on mortality in hospitalized patients remains unclear. Therefore, newer, more effective antimicrobial therapies are needed to treat BSIs caused by gram-positive cocci are needed.
On the performance effects of station locations and access protocol parameters in Ethernet networks

A simulation study is presented in several distributions of stations on a linear-bus Ethernet. Aggregate performance is shown to depend on the distribution of stations. Individual station performance varies with the location of the station. Unbalanced distributions can lead to large performance differences between individual stations, with isolated stations achieving relatively poor performance compared to the average. The effects of access protocol parameters such as the number of buffers per station and the retransmission algorithm are examined. A modification of the standard retransmission algorithm is presented that enables a higher throughput to be achieved at high load. The results are compared to the predictions of theoretical models, and the applicability of the models to finite-population Ethernets is examined. >
Concise Review: Injectable Biomaterials for the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction and Peripheral Artery Disease: Translational Challenges and Progress

Recently, injectable biomaterial-based therapies for cardiovascular disease have been gaining attention, because they have shown therapeutic potential in preclinical models for myocardial infarction (MI) and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Naturally derived (e.g., alginate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, or extracellular matrix-based) or synthetic (e.g., peptide or polymer-based) materials can enhance stem cell survival and retention in vivo, prolong growth factor release from bulk hydrogel or particle constructs, and even stimulate endogenous tissue regeneration as a standalone therapy. Although there are many promising preclinical examples, the therapeutic potential of biomaterial-based products for cardiovascular disease has yet to be proved on a clinical and commercial scale. This review aims to briefly summarize the latest preclinical and clinical studies on injectable biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD. Furthermore, our overall goal is to highlight the major challenges facing translation of these therapies to the clinic (e.g., regulatory, manufacturing, and delivery), with the purpose of increasing awareness of the barriers for translating novel biomaterial therapies for MI and PAD and facilitating more rapid translation of new biomaterial technologies.
CCKB/gastrin receptor antagonists: recent advances and potential uses in gastric secretory disorders

Cholecystokinin (CCK) and the structurally related peptide, gastrin, have numerous effects on tissues in the central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract. Recent studies show these effect are mediated by a CCKA and CCKB receptor. Knowledge of the physiological role and role of CCKB receptors in pathologic processes has been particularly limited by the availability of selective, potent receptor antagonists. Recently, new members of five different classes of non-peptide CCKB receptor antagonists are reported and are reviewed briefly. these include compounds isolated from Streptomyces (tetronothiodin, virginiamycin analogues), ureido-acetamide analogues (RP 69758, RP 72540, RP 73870), newer benzodiazepine analogues (L-368,935, L-740,093, YM022), pyrazolidimine analogues (LY 262,691) and glutamic acid analogues (CR2194). Many of these compounds have greater than 1000-fold selectivity for the CCKB over the CCKA receptor and some have greater than 10,000-fold selectivity. The pharmacology and effects of CCKB receptor antagonists on gastric acid secretion is briefly reviewed. Furthermore, the possible clinical usefulness of CCKB receptor antagonists in treating disorders of gastric acid secretion, in inhibiting the trophic effects of gastrin and in other clinical conditions is briefly discussed.
A Perspective on Compartment Fire Growth

Abstract A review was made of research related to fire growth in compartments. Mention is made of the zone and field model approaches that have been used to describe many aspects of compart- ment developing fires. Primarily the review is organized by phenomena associated with com- partment fires. These include fluid mechanic, heat transfer and combustion processes. Each phenomenon is discussed and work is presented to illustrate predictive techniques. Limitations and deficiencies in our understanding are discussed. A previously unavailable analysis of radiative transfer in an enclosure for a two-layer participating gas is also presented.
Hitting the right target: an examination of inflation targeting and labour within the varieties of capitalism framework

This study examines the interaction of state and social institutions, namely labour unions. Examining the type of capitalist structure of the state, one can draw conclusions about institutional arrangements and economic structures. The literature on Varieties of Capitalism (VoC) and inflation targeting are numerous; a synthesis takes into account economic and social structures including interactions with monetary policy. Multivariate models test the assumption of differences between inflation targeters and nontargeters. Models demonstrate state intervention in labour markets and union activities. The study concludes by presenting findings about relationships between the capitalist structure of the state, social institutions and inflation targeting.
Diffusion in tabletted catalysts

A two pore size model is proposed with random arrangement of the dispersed phase (s) and the transient solution and steady state equivalent diffusivity are presented for three new cases. These involve “open micropores,” “blind microprocess” and a combination of the two kinds. The results reveal modeling inconsistencies in the recent literature. The quasi-steady state is discussed in relation to this phenomenon. A new technique of data analysis involving a combination of transient and steady state methods is proposed. This subjects the transient solution to a much more strenuous test. The results also apply to “barrier” materials. On propose un modele de grosseur de deux pores avec un arrangement aleatoire de la ou des phases dispersees; on presente aussi la solution transitoire et la diffusivite equivalente en regime stable dans le cas de trois nouveaux cas, lesquels impliquent des “micropores ouvertes”, un “microprocede al'aveuglette (blind)” et une combinaison des deux. Les resultats revelent les inconsistences du modelage indique dans les publications recentes; on discute le regime quasiment stable en rapport avec ce phenomene. On propose une nouvelle technique d'analyse des donnees, laquelle implique une combinaison des methodes de solution transitoire et de solution stable; cette technique soumet la solution transitoire aune preuve bien plus severe. Les resultats s'appliquent aussi aux materiaux d'arrět (“barrier”).
Paleobiodiversity: we need new data

Very different questions are involved when we attempt to assess modern versus ancient global biodiversity. Because of the megabiases of taphonomy, eustasy, and tectonics, our estimates of paleobiodiversity can never be absolute; whether or not we can accurately estimate total diversity in the modern world is an open question, but we certainly cannot in the fossil record. The issues are whether we have any way of studying relative change in biodiversity through time, and how best this might be accomplished. That is, can we meaningfully estimate the shape of a global temporal diversity curve? Diversity can be studied at different scales (e.g., Sepkoski 1988), and patterns retrieved from one level of analysis may not be similar to those from another (see also Miller 2000). As recognized 30 years ago (Valentine 1973), processes that regulate diversity at local scales differ from those that control global patterns. For example, field collections of trilobites show no change in within-habitat diversity between the Late Cambrian and mid-Silurian (Westrop and Adrain 1998; Adrain et al. 2000). In contrast, literature-based compilations show that global generic richness declined sharply in the mid- to Late Ordovician to a minimum at the end-Ordovician extinction (Adrain et al. 1998; Adrain and Westrop 2000). The difference between these two compilations is informative, and suggests that the drop in global diversity is not driven by local processes. Rather, global taxic diversity seems decoupled from local or regional ecologic diversity. This result undermines the notion that patterns in local species richness can lend support to patterns of global taxic diversity in the Phanerozoic (cf. Bambach 1977; Sepkoski et al. 1981). In the case of Ordovician-Silurian trilobites, much of the global signal likely reflects declining provinciality as Avalonia and Baltica approached Laurentia (Adrain et al. 2000). This interpretation could not …
Action Guides for Radioactive Effluents from PRTR

Operational guider were developed which would trigger the shutdown of Hanford's Plutonium Test Reactor, should such action be required to prevent unwarranted levels of radioactive contamination in the surrounding area. Under normal operating conditions, negligible amounts of radioactive materials with the gaseous and aqueous effluents are released. Significant amounts could escape under certain postulated accident conditions, however, and guides were developed for (a) the automatic closure of valves associated with the containment vessel; (b) prompt manual shutdown using normal procedures; and (c) abnormal concentrations of radionuclides in the effluents that should not be allowed to persist. Existing standards for radiation exposure of persons living near atomic installations are applicable for chronic conditions, but are of limited value as a basis for deriving guides for emergency situations. The PRTR guides were derived from predictions of the characteristics of contaminants which would be present in the case of an accident, from knowledge of how the effluents would become dispersed in the atmosphere and the Columbia River, and from knowledge of how the contaminants would ultimately reach people living in the vicinity.
How ideas work: memes and institutional material in the first 100 years of the neighborhood unit

This paper reviews the history of the neighborhood unit idea, primarily in the United States and United Kingdom, as a means to examine how urban design ideas work. It argues that ideas like the neighborhood unit gain their power by framing the institutional material we create to help us cope with work. Institutional material refers to cultural product that conditions human action. Types of institutional material in urban design include practice norms, professional communities, and governance structures. Although the neighborhood unit emerged through a transatlantic network of planners and designers, the institutional material it framed was particular, local, and contingent. Ultimately, the paper argues that the neighborhood unit grew out of institutional material in the early 20th century that itself was influenced by the garden city, and that both neighborhood unit and garden city ideas continued to shape new institutional material in subsequent decades.
Servants, Shophands, and Laborers in the Cities of Tokugawa Japan

In this analysis of lower-class life in Tokugawa Japan (1603-1868), the author portrays the emergence of an urban proletariat during a time of extraordinary economic change. With the rapid increase in urban construction and commercial activity, hired labourers came to replace the traditional workers, while in households, contracted servants supplanted hereditary workers. The text demonstrates that in the same way that products previously restricted to use by the elite became commodities for mass consumption, labour power itself became a commodity: class relations were gradually mediated by money, and employers and employees dealt with each other on increasingly impersonal, if not hostile, terms. Attempting to control such trends, government officials regulated workers by fixing employment seasons, limiting job tenures, setting wages, and establishing labour exchanges, licensing systems and workhouses. The author points out many cases in which Tokugawa policies toward labour resembled those applied by early modern regimes in Europe. Based on population registers, household records, legal documents and popular literature, the book offers a social history of workers and employers alike.
Chemical Rescue of the Distal Histidine Mutants of Tryptophan 2,3-Dioxygenase

Tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is a heme-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative degradation of l-tryptophan (l-Trp) to N-formylkynurenine (NFK). A highly conserved histidine residue in the distal heme pocket has attracted great attention in the mechanistic studies of TDO. However, a consensus has not been reached regarding whether and how this distal histidine plays a catalytic role after substrate binding. In this study, three mutant proteins, H72S, H72N, and Q73F were generated to investigate the function of the distal histidine residue in Cupriavidus metallidurans TDO (cmTDO). Spectroscopic characterizations, enzymatic kinetic analysis, and chemical rescue assays were employed to study the biochemical properties of the wild-type enzyme and the mutant proteins. Rapid kinetic methods were utilized to explore the molecular basis for the observed stimulation of catalytic activity by 2-methylimidazole in the His72 variants. The results indicate that the distal histidine plays multiple roles in cmTD...
THE PLEASURES AND PROBLEMS OF HEARING DOG OWNERSHIP

Emotional aspects of owning hearing dogs were explored in 38 hearing-dog owners and a control group of 23 prospective owners. Both groups listed companionship and hearing assistance as pleasant reasons for owning such dogs. Having a dog and personal independence were reasons mentioned only by prospective owners. Both groups mentioned travel complications as unpleasant problems. Owners referred to dogs' behavior problems significantly more often than did prospective owners who appeared to have unrealistic expectations that dog ownership would be problem-free.
Communication between S7-200 PLC and Intelligent Remote Receiver Used in Coal Mine Based on Modbus Protocol

The characteristics of Modbus protocol were introduced,and the protocol libraries of Mod-(bus) RTU master were analyzed.It made sure that Modbus RTU protocol was adopted in data transmission between S7-200 PLC and intelligent remote receiver used in coal mine,and realized intercommunication(between) equipment for excavation and remote device.The application indicated that Modbus communi-(cation took) S7-200 PLC as master has reliability in data transmission and good effect.
Methodology of Stamping Die Structure Analysis Based on Sheet Metal Forming Numerical Simulation

In order to analyze the complicated automotive stamping die characteristics for advanced high strength steel stamping,a method of die structure analysis based on the sheet metal formability simulation is proposed.After the sheet metal forming simulation,the boundary forces acting on the deformed sheet metal are extracted;And then the boundary forces are applied to the die surface to replace the interaction between the blank and die in the following die structure analysis process,which will simplify the die structural analysis finite element method(FEM)model.The work flow process is elaborated,and the implementation algorithm of load mapping is described.A hyperbolic bottomed cup drawing die is selected to testify the proposed algorithm and then validated by experiment by using an independently designed die stress accquisition system.The result shows that the load distribution has very good correlation with the thickening distribution on the drawing part,and the stress value from the FEM analysis at several positions on the die and punch are also consistent with the experimental results.The method can be used for the industrial stamping die structure analysis.
Computed Tomography of the Head in Infants and Children

The advent of computerized transaxial tomography has resulted in a new, safe, and painless diagnostic approach to neurologic disorders in children. Examples of neurologic conditions in which CAT scans are useful in diagnosis are illustrated extensively.
Egocentric Future Localization

We presents a method for future localization: to predict plausible future trajectories of ego-motion in egocentric stereo images. Our paths avoid obstacles, move between objects, even turn around a corner into space behind objects. As a byproduct of the predicted trajectories, we discover the empty space occluded by foreground objects. One key innovation is the creation of an EgoRetinal map, akin to an illustrated tourist map, that 'rearranges' pixels taking into accounts depth information, the ground plane, and body motion direction, so that it allows motion planning and perception of objects on one image space. We learn to plan trajectories directly on this EgoRetinal map using first person experience of walking around in a variety of scenes. In a testing phase, given an novel scene, we find multiple hypotheses of future trajectories from the learned experience. We refine them by minimizing a cost function that describes compatibility between the obstacles in the EgoRetinal map and trajectories. We quantitatively evaluate our method to show predictive validity and apply to various real world daily activities including walking, shopping, and social interactions.
Steady state shift damage localization

The accuracy of the identified modal model is the weak link in many vibration based damage localization schemes. This paper presents a localization approach that avoids identification by operating with two frequency domain subspaces, one obtained by Fourier transformation of output measurements and the other from a model of the reference state and a postulated damage distribution. The approach differs from a model updating framework in that only the damage distribution, and not the extent, enters the formulation. The method operates on the premise that the loads are time limited, have an invariant distribution in space and requires that the histories be repeatable, or that the excitation be a single history, in which case repeatability is not necessary. The time histories of the excitation are not used in the technique and therefore need not be known. It is shown that multiple damages can be considered without combinatorics if $$e \ge \kappa$$ where e is the number of available actuators and $$\kappa$$ is the rank of the change in the transfer matrix due to damage. The constraint on the number of measurements, m, is $$m \ge \kappa .$$ The method, designated as the steady state shift damage localization (S3DL) is experimentally tested on an aluminum plate where damage is simulated by mass additions and by an edge cut.
Fostering Consent in a Post-Fordist Regime: The Case of Industrial Maize Farming in Turkey

Abstract Purpose We examine the national regulatory framework in Turkey and its interactions with actors at various levels that set the stage for the shift from a Fordist economy to a post-Fordist one. Industrial maize production expanded in the 2000s in the face of a decline in agricultural employment and state-supported conventional crop production. We use the corporate maize industry as a case to demonstrate the change in regulation and its impacts. Methodology/approach Utilizing a strategic-relational approach, we analyze descriptive statistics on agricultural markets, news, sector reports, and archives of national regulation related to agricultural production and the agri-food industry to identify key actors shaping the transformation of maize production. Findings Actors influencing the national regulatory framework come from international and national regulatory institutions, and transnational and national agri-food corporations. Local maize farmers have actively participated in the transformation, thereby offering consent to the process. The Turkish state manages maize production through its national regulatory regime, but the agri-food industry drives the trajectory. Practical implications Adopting a strategic-relational approach contributes to our understanding of the dynamics at work in economic restructuring by shedding light on the interactions between political authorities and economic actors. Following a post-Fordist mode of regulation, the Turkish government uses particular political devices in a strategically selective manner, not overtly to enhance the short-term interests of the agri-food industry, but according to the long-term goal of promoting adaptation of agricultural commodity producers to the post-Fordist capitalist accumulation regime. Originality/value State institutions utilize the tools of political intervention in markets to ensure the long-term sociopolitical consolidation and legitimation of the post-Fordist accumulation regime.
Survival of Salmonella in Dry Food and Feed.

The survival of Salmonella Montevideo and Salmonella heidelberg in dry milk, cocoa powder, poultry feed, and meat and bone meal was studied at three water activities (aw) in the range of 0.4 to 0.75. S. montevideo was more resistant to the various dry environments than S. heidelberg . Salmonellae were enumerated immediately after inoculation, after 2 d, and after 1, 3, 7 and 14 wk. Survival was greater at aw of 0.43 and 0.52 than at 0.75 aw. Based on these findings and due to the marked differences in survival observed in the different products equilibrated at a specific aw value, it is concluded that the survival of salmonellae in a dry product cannot be predicted on the basis of the aw alone.
The Importance of the Human β-Globin Locus Control Region HS1 and HS4 Elements for Therapeutic β-Globin Gene Expression in β-Thalassemic Mice.

Globin gene transfer in autologous hematopoietic stem cells is a promising therapeutic option for subjects with β-thalassemia major. In this approach, high level, erythroid specific transgene expression is needed to correct ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia following the delivery of few copies of therapeutic vector per cell. Several groups have successfully treated mouse models of severe hemoglobinopathies utilizing lentiviral vectors encoding β- or γ-globin genes placed under the transcriptional control of the human β-globin promoter and the HS2, HS3 and HS4 elements of the β-globin locus control region. The HS2 and HS3 elements are the most powerful and the best characterized single elements within the LCR. The relative importance of HS1 and HS4 is less well defined. We show here the major roles played by HS1 and HS4, which although not seen in MEL cells, are striking in β-thalassemic mice. The effect of HS1 element was tested in vectors, derived from the previously published TNS9 vector, that harbor different globin promoters (either 265, 615 or 1555bp in length). Addition of HS1 to vectors containing the 615bp or 1555bp promoters had no effect on average transgene expression per vector copy (VC) and even decreased average transgene expression from 38±3% (n=32 MEL cell pools) to 26±2% (n=23) of endogenous β-globin levels (p
A Cluster-Based Approach to Compression of Quality Scores

Massive amounts of sequencing data are being generated thanks to advances in sequencing technology and a dramatic drop in the sequencing cost. Storing and sharing this large data has become a major bottleneck in the discovery and analysis of genetic variants that are used for medical inference. As such, lossless compression of this data has been proposed. Of the compressed data, more than 70% correspond to quality scores, which indicate the sequencing machine reliability when calling a particular basepair. Thus, to further improve the compression performance, lossy compression of quality scores is emerging as the natural candidate. Since the data is used for genetic variants discovery, lossy compressors for quality scores are analyzed in terms of their rate-distortion performance, as well as their effect on the variant callers. Previously proposed algorithms do not do well under all performance metrics, and are hence unsuitable for certain applications. In this work we propose a new lossy compressor that first performs a clustering step, by assuming all the quality scores sequences come from a mixture of Markov models. Then, it performs quantization of the quality scores based on the Markov models. Each quantizer targets a specific distortion to optimize for the overall rate-distortion performance. Finally, the quantized values are compressed by an entropy encoder. We demonstrate that the proposed lossy compressor outperforms the previously proposed methods under all analyzed distortion metrics. This suggests that the effect that the proposed algorithm will have on any downstream application will likely be less noticeable than that of previously proposed lossy compressors. Moreover, we analyze how the proposed lossy compressor affects Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) calling, and show that the variability introduced on the calls is considerably smaller than the variability that exists between different methodologies for SNP calling.
Predictors of Hospital Admission and Urological Intervention in Adult Emergency Department Patients with Computerized Tomography Confirmed Ureteral Stones.

Purpose: More than 1 million patients annually seek care in an emergency department for kidney stones but a minority require hospital admission or a urological procedure. We describe predictors of hospital admission or urological intervention.Materials and Methods: This secondary analysis of prospective data included patients with an obstructing ureteral stone that was confirmed by computerized tomography in an emergency department. All patients also underwent point of care limited renal ultrasound. The need for urological intervention at 90 days was assessed by a followup interview. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of admission and urological intervention, which were further stratified by disposition. Separate regression models with and without computerized tomography findings (point of care limited renal ultrasound only) were compared using c-statistics.Results: Among a cohort of 475 patients with a symptomatic stone on computerized tomography 95 (20%) were admitted and 68 (72%) recei...
A new method for evaluating measurement uncertainty of AC impedance

Based on measurement of AC impedance, this paper presents a new method for evaluating measurement uncertainty of AC impedance. The method of equal potential measurement is introduced, which can calibrate AC impedance and trace to voltage ratio standard and phase standard by adjusting the current in the circuit. What's more, the measurement data of 1 kHz, 100 Ω is given in the paper, whose measurement uncertainty is evaluated.
Optimal Control of Linear Dynamical Systems

We have seen in the previous chapter that a control can be used to bring the state of a system to a given value or to stabilize the system. In dealing with stability we have also used a method that consists in solving an optimal control problem. Optimal control represents an essential branch of control theory. We shall present the general theory later on. In the case of linear systems, the results can be obtained by ad hoc techniques that are useful to know.
Evidence of Q2Q-bar2 mesons in p-barn annihilations and gamma gamma reactions.

A new resonance at 1480 MeV with a width of 110 MeV is found in p-barn annihilations in the channel p-barn..--> pi../sup -/X/sub 0/(1480)..--> pi../sup -/rho/sup 0/rho/sup 0/. Its mass, width, spin, and parity are shown to be consistent with the rho/sup 0/rho/sup 0/ enhancement observed in ..gamma gamma.. reactions. Together with the suppression in the ..gamma gamma -->..rho/sup +/rho/sup -/ data which requires the admixture of an isotensor structure, this rho/sup 0/rho/sup 0/ resonance in p-barn annihilation and ..gamma gamma.. reactions and their small ..pi pi.. branching ratios represent the best evidence yet for Q/sup 2/Q-bar/sup 2/ states. A rho/sup -/rho/sup -/ resonance in p-barn annihilations which would betray the exotic isotensor nature of the resonance is predicted.
Electron-Lattice Interaction in Htsc Curates

While the majority opinion in the field of high-temperature superconductivity has been that the electron-phonon coupling is irrelevant to the mechanism of superconductivity, recent experimental results suggest otherwise. We show that in the cuprates the electron-phonon coupling is unconventional, and suggest that the Cu-O bond-stretching LO phonons may play a crucial role in superconductivity through formation of a vibronic bound state.
A Multistage Model for Tumor Progression

Because cancer is among the leading causes of death in the United States and most developed societies, it is of great medical and scientific interest. In the clinic, one deals with screening, diagnosis, and treatment; however, the individual who has not developed the disease is most interested in risk reduction. In either case, knowledge about the ways that cancer can develop is important. Just as the research literature concerning cancer is immense, so too are there many different kinds of mathematical models of cancer. Among those of interest are models of cell cycle kinetics (Kimmel and Axelrod, 1991 ; Novak and Tyson, 1993), carcinogenicity (Ioannides et al., 1993), models based on tumor growth (Mehl, 1991), multistage models of tumor development (Moolgavkar and Knudson, 1981; Stein and Stein, 1990; Moolgavkar and Luebeck, 1992), and metastasis (spreading of a cancer from its site of origin; Tracqui, 1995), and models of treatment outcomes (Retsky et al., 1994; Duchting et al., 1996). Growth models have already been discussed. Here let us consider a multistage model of tumor development, because most tumors require mutations in three or more genes involved in growth control (cellular protooncogenes). The model used here is based on colon cancer, for this cancer affects men and women alike, and is known to be influenced by dietary and lifestyle-related factors.
Diplopia as the Presenting Symptom of Systemic T Cell Prolymphocytic Leukemia with Infiltration of the Superior Rectus Muscle. (P2.144)

Objective: We report a case of diplopia as the initial symptom of an aggressive T cell leukemia. Background: Orbital infiltration due to leukemia/lymphoma (usually of B cell origin) typically presents with chemosis, proptosis or lid edema. Extraocular muscle involvement is rare. T cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare, highly aggressive, mature T cell neoplasm. Orbital involvement in the literature is confined to case reports of uveal, lid or conjunctival involvement. Design/Methods: Not applicable. Case Report. Results: A 70-year-old male presented with two weeks of binocular, intermittent, fatigable but progressively worsening diplopia. Other than mild right hypotropia and minimal restriction of upgaze in the abducted position, neurologic exam was non-focal. No proptosis, lid lag or pupillary abnormalities were seen. MRI brain was normal. Pyridostigmine trial for presumed myasthenia gravis failed. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies were negative. Initial labs showed leukocytosis (lymphocytic predominance) with smudge cells on peripheral smear. MRI orbits obtained due to concern for infiltrative process involving the orbit showed asymmetric prominence with mild signal abnormality in the right superior rectus muscle. There was diffuse, bulky lymphadenopathy on CT chest/abdomen/pelvis. Inguinal lymph node and bone marrow biopsy confirmed T cell prolymphocytic leukemia. Due to the need for immediate treatment for this aggressive disease, extraocular muscle biopsy was not obtained. Chemotherapy with alemtuzumab was started with complete resolution of diplopia in a few weeks. Repeat imaging and bone marrow biopsy confirmed treatment response. MRI brain and orbits obtained after treatment completion showed symmetric extraocular muscles of normal size. Unfortunately, the patient died of a myocardial infarction nine months after diagnosis. Conclusions: Diplopia could be the initial manifestation of aggressive, infiltrative diseases and this possibility should be considered in the differential diagnosis of restrictive eye disease. Study Supported by: Not applicable. Disclosure: Dr. Khan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose. Dr. Gundogdu has nothing to disclose.
The return of truth: defending the correspondence theory after the liberal/postliberal divide

This article defends the correspondence theory of truth against criticisms of three theologians: Stephen Long, Kevin Hector, and Bruce Marshall. Long's criticisms arise from his metaphysical commitments, Hector's from his anti-metaphysical commitments, and Marshall's from his methodological commitments. I treat Long and Hector briefly, before giving a more extended treatment of Bruce Marshall's attack on the correspondence theory using the slingshot argument of Donald Davidson. I argue that correspondence theories withstand their criticisms. They therefore pose no obstacle to using them in theology.
In the Name of Anticommunism: Chinese practices of ideological accommodation in the early Cold War Philippines

This article builds on work by social and cultural historians of the Cold War such as Heonik Kwon and Masuda Hajimu by showing how three groups of Chinese actors helped create the locally specific reality of Chinese anticommunism in the Philippines during the late 1940s and early 1950s. It argues that, in a climate thick with Sinophobia and fears of communism, but largely devoid of actual Chinese Reds, anticommunism for the Chinese was only secondarily about rooting out subversives, ideological authenticity, and supporting Chiang Kai-shek's counterattack against mainland China. As a social phenomenon, it was primarily a diverse and flexible repertoire of practices, from crime to civic associationism, that Chinese elites and their challengers employed to bolster their reputations as anticommunists, enrich themselves, and pursue vendettas against their ‘communist’ enemies. By focusing on these practices of what I call ideological accommodation, the article intervenes in scholarship on the Chinese diaspora after the Second World War by showing that anticommunism was essential to how the overseas Chinese adapted to being resident ‘aliens’ in post-colonial Philippine society.
Levita, Elijah (1469–1549)

Elija Levita (1469–1549) is known in Jewish scholarship as Eliyyāhū Bāḥūr, an outstanding Hebrew and Aramaic grammarian and lexicographer, Rabbinic scholar, and Yiddish writer. A native of Neustadt, near Nuremberg, Germany, he lived mostly in Italy (Padua, Venice, and Rome) and died in Venice.
Risk Reduction for the System Design of an Enhanced MMRTG

Engineering of an enhanced Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (eMMRTG) began 3 years ago with agreement between the U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is leading the transfer of skutterudite thermoelectric couple technology to industry and leading the systems engineering of the proposed eMMRTG. Should NASA fund the flight development of an eMMRTG, the DOE would lead the flight system development. The analytical models and design of the MMRTG have been enhanced to use skutterudite couples developed at Jet Propulsion Laboratory over the last two decades. This required a thorough evaluation of the MMRTG design, and concurrent engineering of an enhanced MMRTG to shed light on potential design issues or risks. At the end of the U.S. fiscal year (FY) 2015, a complete catalog of risks was produced. Tests, hardware development, and analyses have now been put in place to mitigate those risks to acceptable levels. Few risks can ever be truly eliminated unless a design is modified to eliminate specific risks and not introduce more severe risks. The design imperative for the eMMRTG is to change only a few MMRTG features; therefore, risks can largely only be mitigated, not eliminated, through design changes. However, many risks can be effectively - though not totally - eliminated without design changes. This paper briefly describes some of the documented risks and mitigations or reduction approaches to be applied in the coming 3 years, on the way to completing the eMMRTG concept.
Contributing Factors on the Effectiveness of Delivering Business Technology Courses: On-Ground Versus Online

Enrollment in online college courses in the United States has grown by about 5% from 2012 to 2016. This paper examines course design and student performance data to research whether instructors can delivery on-ground and online sections of a business technology course with the same effectiveness. Authors address this paper’s research question by analyzing five pairs of on-ground and online sections of business technology courses. Each of the five pairs of business technology course, has data analytics projects as part of the course content, is taught by the same instructor with the same details of course contents in the same quarter. Overall results of this paper suggest that, with proper training and support of technology, an instructor can deliver both the on-ground and online sections of a business technology course with the same effectiveness as measured by students’ grade points. Further analysis shows that this result applies to female and male students, respectively. Female (male) students learn equally well in on-ground and online. This paper contributes to the literature by discussing some contributing factors on the effectiveness of delivering online business technology courses. Authors suggest that other than technology such as LockDown Browser or Respondus Monitor, continuous placement of the same instructor with Quality Matters training to teach both the on-ground and online sections of a course is crucial to success. Results of this paper consequently provide practical implications to instructors, academic advisers, and administrators of universities.
Chapter 3 – Parasitic Diseases

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the histomorphologic features of protozoan and metazoan parasitic infections of nonhuman primates. It also discusses several diseases caused by protozoan parasites such as flagellates, sarcodines, Apicomplexa, microsporidia, ciliates, and Pneumocystis. Several diseases caused by metazoan parasites such as nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, acanthocephalans, annelids, arthropods, arachnids, and pentastomids are also presented in the chapter. Infection with most of the common enteric coccidian parasites is considered essentially innocuous. There are no known lesions or diseases associated with their presence in the nonhuman primate gastrointestinal tract. Balantidium coli is the only species that has been associated with lesions of the intestinal tract. There is a relative paucity of information regarding the extent of flea infestation in nonhuman primates. The available reports concern fleas that, for the most part, are natural parasites of animals other than nonhuman primates. The parasites that cause pentastomiasis are considered to be highly aberrant arthropods. Four genera of pentastomids described in the chapter are Linguatula, Porocephalus, Armitlifer, and Gigliolella.
Automated measurement of quasar redshift with a Gaussian process

We develop an automated technique to measure quasar redshifts in the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our technique is an extension of an earlier Gaussian process method for detecting damped Lyman-alpha absorbers (DLAs) in quasar spectra with known redshifts. We apply this technique to a subsample of SDSS DR12 with BAL quasars removed and redshift larger than 2.15. We show that we are broadly competitive to existing quasar redshift estimators, disagreeing with the PCA redshift by more than 0.5 in only 0.38% of spectra. Our method produces a probabilistic density function for the quasar redshift, allowing quasar redshift uncertainty to be propagated to downstream users. We apply this method to detecting DLAs, accounting in a Bayesian fashion for redshift uncertainty. Compared to our earlier method with a known quasar redshift, we have a moderate decrease in our ability to detect DLAs, predominantly in the noisiest spectra. The area under curve drops from 0.96 to 0.91. Our code is publicly available.
Identification of Phenazine-Based MEMO1 Small-Molecule Inhibitors: Virtual Screening, Fluorescence Polarization Validation, and Inhibition of Breast Cancer Migration.

Phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions play a significant role in biological signaling pathways; therefore, small molecules that are capable of influencing these interactions can be valuable research tools and have potential as pharmaceutical agents. MEMO1 (mediator of ErbB2-cell driven motility) is a phosphotyrosine-binding protein that interacts with a variety of protein partners and has been found to be upregulated in breast cancer patients. Herein, we report the first small-molecule inhibitors of MEMO1 interactions identified through a virtual screening platform and validated in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay. Initial structure-activity relationships have been investigated for these phenazine-core inhibitors and the binding sites have been postulated using molecular dynamics simulations. The most potent biochemical inhibitor is capable of disrupting the large protein interface with a KI of 2.7 μm. In addition, the most promising phenazine core compounds slow the migration of breast cancer cell lines in a scratch assay.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: The Role and Evidence for Non–Stem-Cell-Based Regenerative Therapies

The use of non-stem-cell-based regenerative medicine therapies for lumbar discogenic pain is an area of growing interest. Although the intervertebral disc is a largely avascular structure, cells located within the nucleus pulposus as well as annulus fibrosis could be targeted for regenerative and restorative treatments. Degenerative disc disease is caused by an imbalance of catabolic and anabolic events within the nucleus pulposus. As catabolic processes overwhelm the environment within the nucleus pulposus, proinflammatory cytokines increase in concentration and lead to further disc degeneration. Non-stem-cell-based therapies, which include growth factor therapy and other proteins, can lead to an increased production of collagen and proteoglycans within the disc.