cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of Local Human Population on Atmospheric Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Concentrations

Literature values of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations from sampling sites around the world were found, and using a high-resolution human population grid, the population within a 25-km radius of each sampling site was calculated. A regression of concentration vs population revealed much about PAH concentration differences among regions as well as site locations within a continent. The best fit for the regression was for sampling locations in North America. A small amount of scatter was present for the regression of all developed countries indicating slight differences in emission regulations or energy usage. The regression from this plot was used as a benchmark for the expected relationship between PAHs and human population. Sites located within 25 km of a coast tended to have concentrations lower than expected, due to dilution with clean ocean air, while sites near industrial outputs or other point sources had higher than expected concentrations. Sites from developing count...
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA AND HEPATITIS B VIRUS. A Prospective Study of 22 707 Men in Taiwan

Abstract A prospective general population study of 22 707 Chinese men in Taiwan has shown that the incidence of primary hepatocellular carcinoma (PHC) among carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is much higher than among non-carriers (1158/100 000 vs 5/100 000 during 75 000 man-years of follow-up). The relative risk is 223. PHC and cirrhosis accounted for 54·3% of the 105 deaths among HBsAg carriers but accounted for only 1·5% of the 202 deaths among non-carriers. These findings support the hypothesis that hepatitis B virus has a primary role in the aetiology of PHC.
Comparison of soil microfungi in 40-year-old stands of pure alder, pure conifer, and alder-conifer mixtures

Abstract The species composition of soil microfungal populations in adjacent stands of red alder Alnus rubra , conifers Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla , and Picea sitchensis , and mixed alder conifer correlated strongly with the dominant vascular vegetation. A total of 92 species were isolated: 55 from the alder stand; 45 from the conifers; and 46 from the mixed alder-conifer, with few species (16.7, and 5 in the three plots, respectively) reaching average frequencies of 50 per cent or higher. Penicillium nigricans, Aureobasidiiim pullulans, Cephalosporium curtipes , and Cladosporium herbarium were present with high frequency at all sites. Penicillium daleae , which occurred with a frequency of 83 per cent in alder soil, appears to be a rare fungus elsewhere. There was little difference in species composition among soil horizons within a stand.
Symptom disclosure by older HIV-infected persons.

The life expectancy for persons living with HIV infection is markedly increasing, largely because of the advances made with antiretroviral therapy. In comparison with other older individuals, those infected with HIV tend to have higher rates of liver-related conditions, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, as well as substance use and psychiatric disorders. Although these multimorbidities contribute to the symptom burden, older persons with HIV tend not to disclose symptoms to their health care providers. Culture, religion, age, and race can profoundly affect the way in which symptoms are perceived, and reasons for nondisclosure include attributing symptoms to the “normal” aging process. The purpose of this article is to highlight the unique situation of older patients with HIV regarding symptom disclosure and the need for an integrated treatment plan that includes an environment that promotes patient–provider communication, better day-to-day self-care, and self-management strategies.
Experimental Cell Fusion with Selected Siphonocladalean Algal Cells

Plant cells frequently have been used for cell-fusion experiments as A. result of the development of A. technique for enzymatic digestion of the cell wall (Cocking, 1960). With this technique, A. variety of new genetic manipulations have become possible, such as protoplast fusion, uptake of organelles, and uptake of DNA. With the enzymatic digestion procedure, large populations of genetically and physiologically homogeneous protoplasts are now available (Chaleff, 1981).
The syndrome of persistent generalized lymphadenopathy: experience with 101 patients.

There is increasing evidence that infection with the retrovirus LAV/HTLV-III causes a spectrum of outcomes in man ranging from asymptomatic infection to severe immune deficiency complicated by opportunistic infections and neoplasms (1,2). In epidemiologic relationship to the onset of the AIDS epidemic, physicians noted other patients with unexplained fevers, sweats, malaise and in some cases lymphadenopathy (3). These cases were considered related to AIDS in some way, presumably through a cannon environmental exposure, and the term AIDS-related complex (ARC) was coined by an ad hoc group of intra- and extramural NIH investigators.
Anatomy of a Massacre: Gender, Power, and Punishment in Revolutionary Paris

This article describes the massacre of 35 women in the Paris Hopital de la Salpetriere in September 1792. The killing of the women in the city's largest prison-hospital complex for women was a unique event in the French Revolution's history because it was the only all-female institution targeted during the September Massacres. Using archival documents, the author explores what the violence against women in Salpetriere suggests about gender and punishment at the dawn of modernity.
Quantum Monte Carlo simulations of exciton condensates

We have studied scattering states and thermodynamic properties of electron-hole systems. Starting from the constituent electrons and holes and Coulomb interactions, we have used quantum Monte Carlo simulation techniques to sample properties of wavefunctions and thermal density matrices. We have studied three types of systems: (1) the scattering of two excitons, with full-quantum treatment of the four constituent particles, (2) the thermodynamic equilibrium of 14 electron-hole pairs having two spin states for each particle, which form excitons and biexcitons at low temperatures, and (3) the thermodynamic equilibrium of 27 spin-polarized electron-hole pairs, which form a dilute exciton gas that undergoes Bose condensation at low temperatures. We compare our results with predictions of the Saha equation for exciton and biexciton formation, and Bogoliubov theory for the energy of the dilute Bose gas of excitons. We also discuss the outlook for future quantum Monte Carlo simulations on these systems.
Diapiric Structures off Niger Delta

Several marine geophysical profiles off the southern part of the Niger delta reveal the presence of diapiric structures beneath the continental slope and rise. The origin of the diapiric material appears to be deep in the sedimentary section and is believed to be of Aptian-Albian age. If this hypothesis is correct, the presence of evaporite basins, known between Angola and Gabon, can be extended as far north as the Niger delta.
Laulimalide and Isolaulimalide, New Paclitaxel-Like Microtubule-Stabilizing Agents

A mechanism-based screening program aimed at the discovery of new antimicrotubule agents from natural products yielded laulimalide and isolaulimalide, two compounds with paclitaxel-like microtubule-stabilizing activity. Treatment of A-10 cells with laulimalide resulted in a dose-dependent reorganization of the cellular microtubule network and the formation of microtubule bundles and abnormal mitotic spindles. Coincident with the microtubule changes, these two compounds induced nuclear convolution and the formation of multiple micronuclei. Laulimalide is a potent inhibitor of cellular proliferation with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range, whereas isolaulimalide is much less potent with IC50 values in the low micromolar range. In contrast to paclitaxel, both laulimalide and isolaulimalide inhibited the proliferation of SKVLB-1 cells, a P-glycoprotein overexpressing multidrug-resistant cell line, suggesting that they are poor substrates for transport by P-glycoprotein. Incubation of MDA-MB-435 cells with laulimalide resulted in mitotic arrest and activation of the caspase cascade of proteolytic enzymes that accompany apoptotic cell death. Laulimalide stimulated tubulin polymerization and, although less potent than paclitaxel, it was more effective. Laulimalide-induced tubulin polymers resembled paclitaxel-induced polymers, although the laulimalide-induced polymers appeared notably longer. Laulimalide and isolaulimalide represent a new class of microtubule-stabilizing agents with activities that may provide therapeutic utility.
Hate Crime Policy in Western Europe: Responding to Racist Violence in Britain, Germany, and France

In recent years, the British, German, and French states have increasingly turned their attention to the problem of racist violence. Yet in spite of their common participation in the European Union, each country has pursued a distinctive path in response to such hate crimes. Britain has focused primarily on policing and on the judicial process for prosecuting racially aggravated offenses, Germany has devoted substantial resources to civil society groups dedicated to countering right-wing extremism, and France has taken high-profile symbolic actions and has begun adapting its educational policies to address racist violence. This article argues that developing effective policies depends on learning best practices from other states but that it also requires being responsive to the concerns of domestic actors who face specific problems and who suggest possible solutions.
Cardiac oxidative stress and dysfunction by fine concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) are mediated by angiotensin-II.

Inhalation exposure to fine concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) increases cardiac oxidants by mechanisms involving modulation of the sympathovagal tone on the heart. Angiotensin-II is a potent vasoconstrictor and a sympatho-excitatory peptide involved in the regulation of blood pressure. We hypothesized that increases in angiotensin-II after fine particulate matter (PM) exposure could be involved in the development of cardiac oxidative stress. Adult rats were treated with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (benazepril ® ), or an angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB; valsartan ® ) before exposure to fine PM aerosols or filtered air. Exposures were carried out for 5 hours in the chamber of the Harvard fine particle concentrator (fine PM mass concentration: 440 ± 80 μg/m 3 ). At the end of the exposure the animals were tested for in situ chemiluminescence (CL) of the heart, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and for plasma levels of angiotensin-II. Also, continuous electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements were collected on a subgroup of exposed animals. PM exposure was associated with statistically significant increases in plasma angiotensin concentrations. Pre-treatment with the ACE inhibitor effectively lowered angiotensin concentration, whereas ARB treatment led to increases in angiotensin above the PM-only level. PM exposure also led to significant increases in heart oxidative stress (CL, TBARS), and a shortening of the T-end to T-peak interval on the ECG that were prevented by treatment with both the ACE inhibitor and ARB. These results show that ambient fine particles can increase plasma levels of angiotensin-II and suggest a role of the renin–angiotensin system in the development of particle-related acute cardiac events.
Questionnaire Distribution: A Method That Significantly Improved Return Rates:

Questionnaires are commonly used in psychological research because they are easily administered, but several limitations often reduce the effectiveness and validity of such research. Key among thos...
In Vivo Probe Measurement Technique for Determining Dielectric Properties at VHF through Microwave Frequencies

A novel probe technique for the determination of dielectric properties of semisolid materials and living tissues in situ is described experimentally and theoretically. This method, based on an antenna modeling theorem, offers unique advantages over conventional dielectric measurements techniques including 1) an ability to perform living (in vivo) tissue dielectric measurements, 2) elimination of the need for tedious sample preparation, 3) the ability to obtain continuous dielectric property data from below 0.1 GHz to above 10 GHz, and 4) the ability to process data on a real time basis. Results of system performance evaluation via measurements of standard liquid dielectric and in vivo tissue data are presented.
Silence A Double-Edged Sword

The author in this column discusses the concept silence and the contradictions present with silence. Silence can be experienced in the following life patterns: silence as a pattern of surrendering to moments of awakening; silence as a pattern of bearing witness to life story; and, silence as a pattern of betrayal of trust. Each of these patterns is explored with their relevance for nursing.
The Effects of List-Making on Recall in Young and Elderly Adults

This study examined the effects of list-making, and specific aspects of list-making such as intent (whether one expects to refer back to one's list at the time of recall) and organization, on memory performance in young and old adults. Young and old adults were randomly assigned to a list-making or a non-list-making condition. In both conditions, subjects performed two memory tasks in which they were presented with a word list followed by written recall and recognition tests. On one task, subjects were informed that they would not be allowed to refer to the list at the time of testing (internal-intent). On the other task, subjects were informed that they would be allowed to refer back to the list (external-intent), but actually were not allowed to. Planned comparisons found that list-making significantly improved older adults' performance on the recall tasks. Additionally, while the old performed significantly worse than the young in the non-list-making internal-intent recall task (the traditional memory test condition), these significant differences were not found on either of the list-making recall tasks. Both young and old list-makers who spontaneously organized their lists while studying the words recalled more items than subjects who did not organize their lists. These findings suggest future directions for both theoretical and applied research in the area of memory and aging.
Previous Research on Perceptual Organization

THE HISTORY of research on perceptual organization consists, in its broad outlines, of a search for some underlying principle which would unify the various grouping phenomena of human perception. The Gestalt psychologists thought that this underlying principle was some basic ability of the human mind to proceed from the whole to the part. Later research summarized many of the Gestaltists’ results with the observation that people seem to perceive the simplest possible interpretation for any given data—although simplicity proved to be very difficult to define or quantify. The research described in this book is based on the still more recent principle that it is the degree of non-accidentalness that determines the significance of a grouping. In other words, it is not simplicity itself that determines significance but the extent of surprising simplicity given expectations regarding the distribution of features.
Glutathione and Thiols

Oxidation of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) to a disulfide (GSSG) has long been an indicator of oxidative stress. GSH is also critical in the detoxification of xenobiotics (drugs, pollutants, carcinogens) through a broad range of reactions with GSH- dependent enzymes containing a redox sensitive cysteine (Cys) residue that undergoes reversible oxidation and reduction at the active site: GSH reductase (GR), glutaredoxin (Grx), and the families of GSH peroxidases (Gpxs) and GSH-S-transferases (GSTs). GSH and GSSG are also involved in many cellular processes termed S-glutathionylation where disulfide bonds are formed with protein Cys residues that subsequently alter enzymatic activity or protein function. The equipoise of GSH/GSSG is pivotal in signal transduction pathways mediated by reaction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) with crucial protein Cys residues. ROS-dependent signaling also involves reduced/oxidized thiol pairs including thioredoxin (Trx-SH/Trx-SS) and Cys with its oxidized form cystine (CySS). Although not in equilibrium, these thiol/disulfide couples are organized into redox circuits with cross-talk. When these redox circuits are disrupted, critical redox active Cys sites become oxidized and protein functions are perturbed. Understanding the roles of redox signaling and redox homeostasis for GSH and other thiol pairs in the responses of the organelle or cell to redox-active chemicals is central to determining the effects of such chemicals on macromolecular structure, regulation, and signaling during the life cycle. Through a better mechanistic understanding, the roles for redox homeostasis of thiol pairs like GSH in the resilience and adaptability to diet and environmental exposures are likely to emerge.
Joint Modeling of Opinion Expression Extraction and Attribute Classification

In this paper, we study the problems of opinion expression extraction and expression-level polarity and intensity classification. Traditional fine-grained opinion analysis systems address these problems in isolation and thus cannot capture interactions among the textual spans of opinion expressions and their opinion-related properties. We present two types of joint approaches that can account for such interactions during 1) both learning and inference or 2) only during inference. Extensive experiments on a standard dataset demonstrate that our approaches provide substantial improvements over previously published results. By analyzing the results, we gain some insight into the advantages of different joint models.
Incisura Morphology as a Risk Factor for Syndesmotic Malreduction.

Background:The goal of this study was to objectively assess if rotational or translational syndesmotic malreduction is associated with certain syndesmotic morphologies. Prior studies based on subje...
A lipolytic action of epinephrine and norepinephrine on rat adipose tissue in vitro.

SummaryEpinephrine and norepinephrine stimulate production of nonesterified fatty acids from rat adipose tissue when incubated in vitro in rat plasma, presumably by stimulating the hydrolysis of ne...
Release of a Synaptically Active Material by Nicotine in the Central Nervous System of the American Cockroach

Nicotine causes the release of a synaptically active material from the abdominal nerve cord of Periplaneta americalla (L.). Reapplication of a nicotine bathing solution to nicotine-recovered American cockroach preparation results in a 2nd block. The synaptically active material in bathing solutions is unstable and is lost if left at room temperature (24°C) 1 hour, or made alkaline. It is stable in an acidic environment. It is dialyzable and ethanol soluble. Two components of this material have been chromatographically separated, one which depresses and blocks and another which excites and blocks spontaneous activity and synaptic propagation.
Concurrent Type and Dimensional Synthesis of Planar Mechanisms Using Graph-Theoretic Enumeration, Automatic Loop Closure Equation Generation, and Descent-Based Optimization

An approach to concurrent type and dimensional synthesis of planar mechanisms is presented. Using graph-theoretic enumeration of mechanisms and determination of loops, automatic loop closure equations are generated. Using constrained optimization routines based on descent methods, and given an appropriate goal function, optimal mechanism designs can be determined. These are not limited to traditional problems such as rigid-body guidance and path generation, but can be more flexibly expressed according to designer needs. This method can be effective at finding mechanism solutions when topology has not been determined a priori and may also be extensible to synthesis of spatial mechanisms. This paper presents the data flow and algorithm outline, simulation results, and examples of nonstandard synthesis problems solvable with this method.© 2011 ASME
Numerical Simulation for 3-D Wind Fields in Suburban Environment With Topographic Effects

3D wind field construction is important in many aspects, such as wind energy assessment, wind turbine siting and weather forecasting. The development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) 3D wind flow over complex terrain and boundary conditions in simulation has been studied intensively over past thirty years. However, the topographical effects has seldom been considered in the 3-D wind field construction in suburban environment. In this paper, 3-D wind field is constructed with consideration of terrain effects. 3-D terrain flowing mesh is built from digital elevation data (DEM) by in house codes. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations are solved by the standard k-e turbulence model with Ansys Fluent©. The integration between the topographical effects and 3D wind field in suburban environment is investigated. Simulation results of 3-D wind field, wind velocity distributions, turbulence intensity distributions, wind power density distributions and wind profiles are obtained around Purdue University Calumet (PUC) campus. Additionally, the surround building effect and topographical effect are discussed. The simulation results are validated against measurements data.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Vascular Complication of Percutaneously Placed Pigtail Ureteral Stent

Ureteral obstruction due to benign and malignant lesions has been managed successfully with percutaneous nephrostomy. With increasing use of percutaneous urinary diversion the attendant complications are becoming obvious. We report a case of an arteriovenous fistula discovered 10 weeks after placement of a double pigtail ureteral stent. Angiographic embolization of the fistula was successful after removal of the stent.
Keyword vs controlled vocabulary searching: the one with the most tools wins

Sevim McCutcheon explores the strengths and weaknesses of keyword and controlled vocabulary searching with particular reference to the Library of Congress Subject Headings system, coming to the conclusion (as exemplified by the practice in her own university, Kent State, Ohio, USA) that each system has its strengths and weaknesses, that in practice they are complementary to one another, and that the best results are achieved by using the two in combination: in other words, they who have the most tools win.
Accounting for the hysteresis of respiratory motion of the heart in cardiac SPECT and PET using the Bouc-Wen model of hysteresis

Respiratory motion causes artifacts and blurring of cardiac structures in reconstructed slices in SPECT and PET studies. Respiratory motion correction methods based on amplitude binning of list-mode data have been observed to reduce but not eliminate the residual blurring when hysteresis of cardiac motion is present. The Bouc-Wen model of hysteresis is able to describe non-linear hysteretic systems and match the behavior of a hysteretic system to a range of hysteretic cycles. Our hypothesis is that the impact of hysteresis on the respiratory motion of heart can be accounted by developing hysteresis model employing modified Bouc-Wen equation. This study describes our investigation of our hypothesis through combined use of MRI and Visual Tracking System (VTS).
Outcomes-Based Career Preparation Programs for Contemporary Student-Athletes

Framed from a constructivist approach, this manuscript draws from Savickas’ (2005) Theory of Career Construction to assess programmatic development and mastery of learning outcomes in preparation for life after higher education. Utilizing a mixed-method approach, findings outline recommendations for campusbased practitioner programming informed from the voices of NCAA Division I football student-athletes.
Bringing Undergraduate Research Experience in Non-R1 Institutions

In recent years, there has been a dramatic increase in computer science undergraduate research activities at colleges and universities nationwide. Developing and maintaining undergraduate research benefits students, faculty mentors, and the institution. Incorporating a research culture along with a sound academic foundation enables students to develop independent critical thinking skills along with effective oral and written communication skills. However, we are in a time when budgets are being tightened and some institutions do not have the resources to pursue such initiatives. Traditionally research focused universities (like R1) have access to various large funding sources to host Research Experience for Undergraduate (REU) programs. R1 universities have established records of accomplishment for innovative research and the faculties at R1 institutions have lab infrastructure to blend such activities for undergraduate students. However, non-R1 institutions (like community colleges, undergraduate, masters, and to some extent R2 institutions) lack resources, lab infrastructure and above all a track record for innovative research that makes it hard for them to obtain funding to host an REU program. Thus, in this panel, our goal is to present ideas for establishing a track record and building an internally and externally funded Undergraduate Research experience (UR), particularly for non-R1 institutions. This involves obtaining funds to conduct the research and to secure travel funds to disseminate research results.
Contextualization of Survey Data: What Do We Gain and Does It Matter?

Survey research designs that integrate contextual data have become more prevalent in recent decades, presumably to enable a more refined focus on the person as the unit of analysis and a greater emphasis on interindividual differences due to social forces and contextual conditions. This article reviews varied approaches to contextualizing survey data and examines the value of linking two data sources to respondent information: interviewer ratings and neighborhood information (measured via census tracts). The utility of an integrative approach is illustrated with data from the Health and Retirement Study. The results reveal modest gains by using a contextualized approach but also demonstrate that neglecting contextual factors may lead to misdirected substantive conclusions, especially for older racial and ethnic minorities. To enhance the ecological validity of survey data, investigators should select theoretically-meaningful contextual data for specific research questions and consider cross-level interact...
Non-linear beamforming approaches for sizing and detecting large calcifications

Standard B-mode imaging has poor sensitivity and specificity for detecting kidney stones and consistently overestimates stone size. Because of this, the acoustic shadow produced by the stone and twinkling artifacts seen with color Doppler have been used as substitutes for conventional imaging for stone sizing and detection. However, often neither a shadow nor a color Doppler artifact are present. In this study, the use of several non-linear beamforming strategies was investigated in conjunction with plane wave synthetic focusing (PWSF). These include aperture domain model image reconstruction (ADMIRE), short-lag spatial coherence (SLSC), and a new mid-lag spatial coherence (MLSC) method designed specifically for kidney stone detection but not sizing. Evaluations of all four methods were performed in vitro and ex vivo. For the in vitro evaluation, various sized kidney stones (n=8 with width 9.88±5.96mm) were placed on top of a gelatin phantom doped with graphite, which served as a platform and provided a diffuse scattering background for comparisons. The stones were imaged at a depth of 4 cm and 8 cm. An ex vivo evaluation was also performed where several stones were implanted into pig kidneys. The pig kidneys were immersed in water for imaging. The in vitro sizing errors for all stones at both depths for PWSF, ADMIRE, SLSC, and MLSC were 0.89±0.74mm, 0.57±0.69mm, 0.96±1.31mm, and −0.92±3.12mm, respectively. For sizing, ADMIRE performs best in vitro, but in the ex vivo study delineation of the border was unclear. For detection, the custom MLSC method was able to achieve excellent discrimination between the stones and the diffuse scattering media with a constant threshold across all sets.
Developmental phenotypic plasticity helps bridge stochastic weather events associated with climate change.

ABSTRACT The slow, inexorable rise in annual average global temperatures and acidification of the oceans are often advanced as consequences of global change. However, many environmental changes, especially those involving weather (as opposed to climate), are often stochastic, variable and extreme, particularly in temperate terrestrial or freshwater habitats. Moreover, few studies of animal and plant phenotypic plasticity employ realistic (i.e. short-term, stochastic) environmental change in their protocols. Here, I posit that the frequently abrupt environmental changes (days, weeks, months) accompanying much longer-term general climate change (e.g. global warming over decades or centuries) require consideration of the true nature of environmental change (as opposed to statistical means) coupled with an expansion of focus to consider developmental phenotypic plasticity. Such plasticity can be in multiple forms – obligatory/facultative, beneficial/deleterious – depending upon the degree and rate of environmental variability at specific points in organismal development. Essentially, adult phenotypic plasticity, as important as it is, will be irrelevant if developing offspring lack sufficient plasticity to create modified phenotypes necessary for survival.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment in non-small cell lung carcinomas as determined by multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis approaches.

The clinical efficacy observed with inhibitors of programed cell death 1/programed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1/PD-1) in cancer therapy has prompted studies to characterize the immune response in several tumor types, including lung cancer. However, the immunological profile of non–small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) is not yet fully characterized, and it may be therapeutically important. The aim of this retrospective study was to characterize and quantify PD-L1/PD-1 expression and tumor-associated immune cells (TAICs) in surgically resected NSCLCs from patients who received NCT or did not receive NCT (non-NCT). We analyzed immune markers in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues resected from 112 patients with stage II/III NSCLC, including 61 non-NCT (adenocarcinoma [ADC] = 33; squamous cell carcinoma [SCC] = 28) and 51 NCT (ADC = 31; SCC = 20). We used multiplex immunofluorescence to identify and quantify immune markers grouped into two 6-antibody panels: panel 1 included AE1/AE3, PD-L1, CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD68; panel 2 included AE1/AE3, PD1, granzyme B, FOXP3, CD45RO, and CD57. PD-L1 expression was higher (> overall median) in NCT cases (median, 19.53%) than in non-NCT cases (median, 1.55%; P = 0.022). Overall, density of TAICs was higher in NCT-NSCLCs than in non-NCT-NSCLCs. Densities of CD3+ cells in the tumor epithelial compartment were higher in NCT-ADCs and NCT-SCCs than in non-NCT-ADCs and non-NCT-SCCs (P = 0.043). Compared with non-NCT-SCCs, NCT-SCCs showed significantly higher densities of CD3 + CD4+ (P = 0.019) and PD-1+ (P < 0.001) cells in the tumor epithelial compartment. Density of CD68+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was higher in NCT-NSCLCs than in non-NCT-NSCLCs and was significantly higher in NCT-SCCs than in non-NCT-SCCs. In NCT-NSCLCs, higher levels of epithelial T lymphocytes (CD3 + CD4+) and epithelial and stromal TAMs (CD68+) were associated with better outcome in univariate and multivariate analyses. NCT-NSCLCs exhibited higher levels of PD-L1 expression and T-cell subset regulation than non-NCT-NSCLCs, suggesting that NCT activates specific immune response mechanisms in lung cancer. These results suggest the need for clinical trials and translational studies of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy prior to surgical resection of locally advanced NSCLC.
Ice Sheet Dynamics and the Pleistocene Ice Ages

A brief review of ice sheet physics is given in the very specific context of modelling of continental ice sheets of the late Pleistocene. The focus is on possible roles of the ‘slow physics’ of the ice sheets and bedrock response in explaining the prominent feature of the 100 ky response in the spectral representation of oxygen stable isotope record from deep sea sediments, which is taken as a first approximation of ice volume changes.
Drug-Induced Psychosis

Bonhoeffer (1910) initially made the distinction between endogenous and exogenous psychoses, suggesting that toxic-metabolic factors can produce symptoms similar to those of functional psychoses. Drug-induced psychoses have in the last 30 years been observed with a vast array of prescribed and illicit pharmacological agents. Accordingly, extensive work has been done in the past three decades, attempting to elucidate neurobiological mechanisms that underlie both natural and drug-induced psychotic states. Indeed, the current explosive growth in biological psychiatry was heralded by early hypotheses relating molecular structures of hallucinogens to those of endogenous biogenic amines (Osmond & Smythies, 1952). We (Ellinwood & Petrie, 1976, 1979) have previously described the complex interaction between clinical and pharmacological factors that affect behavioral-symptom outcomes of abused drugs in a clinical setting. In this chapter we address only the pharmacological aspect of illicit psychotomimetic drugs currently in popular usage, with specific focus on central neuronal mechanisms that are common to both the different drug categories and the natural psychoses.
Cooperative Capital Accumulation Games and the Core

This study is dedicated to Professor Trout Rader whose influence on my choice of career and research program was profound. I wish to express my deep appreciation for his contributions as a researcher and teacher as well as my gratitude for his guidance and friendship over the past twenty-three years.
Experimental Verification of Deposition Models for Automotive Painting with Electrostatic Rotating Bell Atomizers

This paper documents the development, validation, and refinement of analytic deposition models for automotive spray painting, based largely on experimental work conducted in conjunction with the Ford Motor Company. This work, part of a larger ongoing collaborative effort with the Ford Motor Company, has the goal of developing practical and efficient trajectory planning tools for automotive painting. Our efforts thus far have led to the development of analytic deposition models for the widely used electrostatic rotating bell (ESRB) atomizers. Unlike earlier trajectory planning tools, which rely on conventional deposition models that do not capture the complexity of deposition patterns generated by ESRB atomizers, the models presented in this paper take into account both the surface curvature and the deposition pattern of ESRB atomizers. These deposition models enable our planning tools to evaluate trajectories with respect to several measures of quality, such as coating uniformity.
Building a Peaceful World and the Calling of Practical Spirituality: Mahatma Gandhi and Albert Schweitzer

The author argues that, despite their differences, Gandhi and Schweitzer were united in their fundamental conviction that the only path to a stable and genuine peace in the world is the path of spiritual development. They both conceived this development in terms of the simplicity of lifestyle, the dedication to the pursuit of truth, and the unity of theory and practice. Schweitzer was famous for saying: “My life is my argument,” while Gandhi entitled his autobiography: “My experiments with truth.” Gandhi and Schweitzer both insisted that the central difficulty in establishing a positive conception of peace consists not so much in the absence of fighting among people but more importantly in the presence of peace within people. These two aspects are interrelated, but our duty is primarily to develop peace within ourselves. This is the task of spirit, of the spiritual development of every individual. Gandhi and Schweitzer hoped that from a spiritual individual, the spirit of peace will then spread toward the entire community and toward the world as a whole.
Recent discoveries and advancements in research on the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi.

This review highlights some of the highest-profile developments and advancements in the research on Borrelia burgdorferi , the Lyme disease spirochete, that have emerged in the last two years. Particular emphasis is placed on the controversy surrounding genus nomenclature, antigenic variation at the vlsE locus, genes involved in infectivity and virulence, membrane characteristics of B. burgdorferi , and developments in experimental approaches.
Risk of progression in Barrett's esophagus indefinite for dysplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background and Aims Risk of progression in Barrett's esophagus (BE) with low-grade dysplasia (LGD) and high-grade dysplasia (HGD) has been established. However, the natural history of BE with indefinite dysplasia (BE-IND) remains unclear. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the pooled risk of progression to HGD and/or esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in BE-IND. Methods We performed a systematic search of multiple databases to June 2018 to identify studies reporting the incidence of HGD, EAC, or HGD/EAC as an outcome in patients with BE-IND undergoing endoscopic surveillance. The pooled incidence rate of HGD and/or EAC and EAC alone was estimated. Results We identified 8 studies reporting the incidence of HGD and/or EAC and 5 studies reporting the incidence of EAC in BE-IND. The pooled incidence of HGD and/or EAC (89 cases in 1441 patients over 5306.2 person-years) was 1.5 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0-2.0). The pooled incidence of EAC (40 cases in 1266 patients over 4520.2 person-years) was 0.6 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.1-1.1). Substantial heterogeneity was noted in the analyses. On subgroup analysis, the incidence of EAC was higher in studies from Europe compared with North America (0.9% vs 0.1%, P = .01). The pooled incidence of LGD was 11.4 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.06-0.2). Conclusion The estimated incidence of HGD and/or EAC and EAC alone in BE-IND is similar to the previously reported progression risk in BE-LGD. Based on these risk estimates, patients with BE-IND should be placed on active endoscopic surveillance.
The MET receptor as a therapeutic target in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) are a heterogeneous group of tumors with mortality rates approaching 50%. Resistance to standard therapies has led to the investigation of novel molecular targets that drive cellular growth and proliferation. The mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (MET) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed and dysregulated in HNSCC. MET activation leads to upregulation of downstream signaling through the PI3K/AKT and RAS/MAPK pathways, which in turn promote cellular metabolism, growth, and proliferation. In this chapter, we discuss the role of MET in signaling pathways that drive HNSCC, highlighting preclinical and emerging clinical investigations of MET inhibition as a means of enhancing antitumor treatment strategies.
A functional assay for quantitation of the apparent affinities of ligands of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells.

Purpose. To develop a facile functional assay for quantitative determination of the apparent affinities of compounds that interact with the taxol binding site of P-glcoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cell monolayers. Methods. A transport inhibition approach was taken to determine the inhibitory effects of compounds on the active transport of [3H]-taxol, a known substrate of P-gp. The apparent affinities (KI values) of the compounds were quantitatively determined based on the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the active transport of [3H]-taxol. Intact Caco-2 cell monolayers were utilized for transport inhibition studies. Samples were analyzed by liquid scintillation counting. Results. [3H]-Taxol (0.04 μM) showed polarized transport with the basolateral (BL) to apical (AP) flux rate being about 10-20 times faster than the flux rate in the AP-to-BL direction. This difference in [3H]-taxol flux could be totally abolished by inclusion of (±)-verapamil (0.2 mM), a known inhibitor of P-gp, in the incubation medium. However, inclusion of probenecid (1.0 mM), a known inhibitor for the multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP), did not significantly affect the transport of [3H]-taxol under the same conditions. These results suggest that P-gp, not MRP, was involved in taxol transport. Quinidine, daunorubicin, verapamil, taxol, doxorubicin, vinblastine, etoposide, and celiprolol were examined as inhibitors of the BL-to-AP transport of [3H]-taxol with resulting KI values of 1.5 ± 0.8, 2.5 ± 1.0, 3.0 ± 0.3, 7.3 ± 0.7, 8.5 ± 2.8, 36.5 ± 1.5, 276 ± 69, and 313 ± 112 μM, respectively. With the exception of that of quinidine, these KI values were comparable with literature values. Conclusions. This assay allows a facile quantitation of the apparent affinities of compounds to the taxol-binding site in P-gp; however, this assay does not permit the differentiation of substrates and inhibitors. The potential of drug-drug interactions involving the taxol binding site of P-gp can be conveniently estimated using the protocol described in this paper.
Abstract P069: Microvesicles From Enos-suppressed Endothelial Cells Induce Endothelial Cell Dysfunction

Introduction: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity is critical to vascular health. Impaired eNOS activity and diminished NO production are common characteristics of a proatherogenic, d...
The attentional demands of combining comprehension and production in conversation

Abstract Listening and speaking are quickly alternated during conversations, resulting in short gaps between two speakers. To explain this rapid turn-taking, several processes are hypothesized to proceed simultaneously. First, listeners try to identify or predict the intended message of the utterance to start preparing their response as soon as possible. The listener continues listening to the utterance during response planning to be able to anticipate the upcoming turn end to promptly vocalize the response. How do conversational partners manage to combine these comprehension processes with production planning? In essence, turn-taking represents a complicated multitasking situation where highly similar tasks need to be combined. Such multitasking likely poses great attentional demands on conversations, which may impair listening and production performance. Do interlocutors have different strategies available to overcome such attentional demands? In this chapter, evidence for each of the different aspects of turn-taking is reviewed, followed by a discussion of the research on the attentional demands of comprehension, production and linguistic multitasking. Continuing to investigate the different components of turn-taking and their coordination will not only shed light on everyday use of comprehension and production, but also reveal how humans are capable of such a complex skill so seemingly effortlessly.
Transition to Telehealth Physical Therapy After Hip Arthroscopy for Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Pilot Study With Retrospective Matched-Cohort Analysis

Background:Telehealth use has increased significantly of late. However, outside of total hip and knee arthroplasty, there is minimal evidence regarding its efficacy in orthopaedics and postoperativ...
Mechanical Thrombectomy Improves Outcome for Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke after Cardiac Surgery.

Abstract Background Stroke is a feared complication of cardiac surgery. Modern clot-retrieval techniques provide effective treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes. The purpose of this study was to 1) report the incidence of LVO stroke after cardiac surgery at a large academic center, and 2) describe outcomes of postoperative LVO strokes. Methods All patients experiencing stroke within 30 days after undergoing cardiac surgery at a single center in 2014-2018 were reviewed. LVOs were identified through review of imaging and medical records, and their characteristics and clinical courses were examined. Results Over the study period, 7,112 cardiac surgeries, including endovascular procedures, were performed. Acute ischemic stroke within 30 days after surgery was noted in 163 patients (2.3%). Among those with a stroke, 51/163 (31.3%) had a CTA or MRA, and 15/163 (9.2%) presented with LVO stroke. For all stroke patients, the median time from surgery to stroke was 2 days (interquartile range, IQR, 0–6 days), and for patients with LVO, the median time from surgery to stroke was 4 days (IQR 0–6 days). The overall rate of postoperative LVO was 0.2% (95% CI 0.1–0.4%), though only 6/15 received thrombectomy. LVO patients receiving thrombectomy were significantly more likely to return to independent living compared to those managed medically (n = 4/6, 66.6% for mechanical thrombectomy vs. n = 0/9, 0% for medical management, P = .01). Of the 9 patients who did not get thrombectomy, 6 may currently be candidates for thrombectomy given new expanded treatment windows. Conclusions The rate of LVO after cardiac surgery is low, though substantially elevated above the general population, and the majority do not receive thrombectomy currently. Patients receiving thrombectomy had improved neurologic outcomes compared to patients managed medically. Optimized postoperative care may increase the rate of LVO recognition, and cardiac surgery patients and their caregivers should be aware of this effective therapy.
Examining value-based framing of agroecology by experts in training centers in Belgium, France, and Spain

Despite their increasing political importance and role in frame construction and application, issue framing research has paid very little attention to domain experts – those who hold comprehensive ...
In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (IHCA) and Outcomes in Patients Admitted With COVID-19 Infection

During the COVID-19 pandemic, many patients are hospitalized, and those suffering from in-hospital cardiac arrest (IHCA) have been previously reported to have poor outcomes. This is a single-center, retrospective, observational study conducted at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA. The inclusion criteria were: patients admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of COVID-19 who underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for IHCA. Patients were labeled as COVID-19 positive based on a laboratory-confirmed positive polymerase chain reaction test. Patients with do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, those who were made comfort care, or enrolled in hospice were excluded. The study was approved by the hospital's institutional review board. A total of 155 patients with COVID-19 infection were admitted; 145/155 (93.5%) admitted to the medical floor and 10/155 (6.5%) to the medical intensive care unit (MICU). 36/145 (24.8%) floor patients were upgraded to MICU. Of the 46 patients treated in MICU, 17/46 (36.9%) were excluded for DNR status. From the remaining 29/46 (63.1%) patients, 19/29 (65.5%) patients survived, and 10/29 (34.5%) patients had IHCA. All 10/10 (100%) died after CPR without return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). The initial rhythm was non-shockable in all patients, with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) in 7/10 (70%) and asystole in 3/10 (30%) patients. Patients with COVID-19 infection who had an IHCA and underwent CPR had a 0% survival at our hospital. Discussions on advanced care options, especially CPR, with COVID-19 patients and their families, are important as the overall prognosis after CPR for IHCA is poor.