cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Camera Placement For Global Vision

Stationary visual cameras, or what is termed "global vision," can be used to provide the information necessary for the control of multiple free-ranging auto- matic guided vehicles in order to expand the range of applications for which they are a high-performance and cost-effective transport alternative. The camera placement problem of global vision refers to determining, for a given facility layout, a minimal number of cameras necessary to implement global vision-based control and their positions in the facility. In this paper, the camera placement prob- lem of global vision is formulated and analyzed for its computational complexity and is shown to be NP-hard, and a convex hull-based greedy algorithm is described for its approximate solution. I. INTRODUCTION Stationary visual cameras, or what is termed "global vision," can be used to provide the information necessary for the control of free-ranging automatic guided vehicle (AGV) systems. Global vision provides a means to robustly control AGV systems composed of large numbers of low-cost free- ranging vehicles that are able to operate in unrestricted indoor environments. The sensory information used for the control of the free-ranging AGV system is provided by global vision and low-cost range sensors on board each vehicle. A system with these capabilities will expand the range of applications for which they are a high-performance and cost-effective material transport alternative. The development of a means to achieve these capabilities was the principal motivation for proposing global vision-based free-ranging AGV control (3). Global vision refers to the use of cameras placed at fixed locations in a workspace to extend the local sensing available on board each vehicle in a free-ranging AGV system. Information from the cameras is used to (a) monitor the workspace to detect and track potential obstacles both in the immediate vicinity of each AGV and over its intended path; (b) track each AGV along its intended path to bound errors in the vehicle's dead-reckoning sensors; (c) monitor the load aboard each AGV to detect positioning errors; and, as a side benefit, (d) provide video images of the entire workspace so that a human operator can monitor the status of operations throughout the facility. Figure 1 shows the major components of global vision- based AGV control. The cameras for global vision are placed at fixed locations throughout a facility. Their unprocessed video signals are sent both to TV screens, where they could be used to monitor the status of on-going operations, and to a central processing site, where global vision-based vehicle control takes place. The status of the AGV system is available as input to high-level transport control functions (e.g., vehicle dispatching). Although only two cameras are shown in the figure, more cameras would typically be used in practice. Each vehicle has a communications link with the central pro- cessing site to receive control commands and to transmit the results of its on-board sensing operations. A. Limitations of Current AGV Systems
Proton-enhanced 13C imaging/spectroscopy by polarization transfer

Carbon-13 magnetic resonance imaging/spectroscopy (CMRI/S) was performed using polarization transfer techniques where sensitivity of the carbon signal was enhanced by transferring the proton spin order to the carbon nuclei. The experimental feasibility of using polarization transfer techniques at 2.0 T was demonstrated with a phantom and an intact chicken egg. The potential clinical applications of CMRI/S with polarization transfer include the assessment of prostate cancer. Preliminary results using human prostate specimens are presented.
Conformation dependence of DNA electrophoretic mobility in a converging channel

The electrophoresis of lambda-DNA is observed in a microscale converging channel where the center-of-masses trajectories of DNA molecules are tracked to measure instantaneous electrophoretic (EP) mobilities of DNA molecules of various stretch lengths and conformations. Contrary to the usual assumption that DNA mobility is a constant, independent of field and DNA length in free solution, we find DNA EP mobility varies along the axis in the contracting geometry. We correlate this mobility variation with the local stretch and conformational changes of the DNA, which are induced by the electric field gradient produced by the contraction. A "shish-kebab" model of a rigid polymer segment is developed, which consists of aligned spheres acting as charge and drag centers. The EP mobility of the shish-kebab is obtained by determining the electrohydrodynamic interactions of aligned spheres driven by the electric field. Multiple shish-kebabs are then connected end-to-end to form a freely jointed chain model for a flexible DNA chain. DNA EP mobility is finally obtained as an ensemble average over the shish-kebab orientations that are biased to match the overall stretch of the DNA chain. Using physically reasonable parameters, the model agrees well with experimental results for the dependence of EP mobility on stretch and conformation. We find that the magnitude of the EP mobility increases with DNA stretch, and that this increase is more pronounced for folded conformations.
On plastic relaxation of thermal stresses in reinforced metals

Abstract Silver chloride containing alumina fibers or glass microspheres is used as a model material to study matrix plasticity induced by thermal mismatch in metal matrix composites. Resulting matrix dislocations are decorated at room temperature in the bulk material and observed by optical microscopy. Plastic deformation of the matrix around the inclusions is found to take the form of (i) rows of prismatic dislocation loops puched into the matrix and/or (ii) a plastic zone containing tangled dislocations surrounding the inclusions. From the number of loops punched by spheres, the temperature interval over which slip of prismatic loops is operative is calculated to be 100 ± 30 K wide. The stress in the plastic zone around fibers is determined from the radius of curvature of pinned dislocations, leading to the conclusion that the matrix is locally strain-hardened. A simple model taking this fact into account is proposed to predict the radius of the plastic zone around embedded cylinders and spheres and is compared to the experimental data.
Computing spatiotemporal relations for dynamic perceptual organization

Abstract To date, the overwhelming use of motion in computational vision has been to recover the three-dimensional structure of the scene. We propose that there are other, more powerful, uses for motion. Toward this end, we define dynamic perceptual organization as an extension of the traditional (static) perceptual organization approach. Just as static perceptual organization groups coherent features in an image, dynamic perceptual organization groups coherent motions through an image sequence. Using dynamic perceptual organization, we propose a new paradigm for motion understanding and show why it can be done independently of the recovery of scene structure and scene motion. The paradigm starts with a spatiotemporal cube of image data and organizes the paths of points so that interactions between the paths, and perceptual motions such as common , relative , and cyclic are made explicit. The results of this can then be used for high-level motion recognition tasks.
On the Theory of Organic Catalysis "on Water"

A molecular origin of the striking rate increase observed in a reaction on water is studied theoretically. A key aspect of the on-water rate phenomenon is the chemistry between water and reactants that occurs at an oil-water phase boundary. In particular, the structure of water at the oil-water interface of an oil emulsion, in which approximately one in every four interfacial water molecules has a free ("dangling") OH group that protrudes into the organic phase, plays a key role in catalyzing reactions via the formation of hydrogen bonds. Catalysis is expected when these OH's form stronger hydrogen bonds with the transition state than with the reactants. In experiments more than a 5 orders of magnitude enhancement in rate constant was found in a chosen reaction. The structural arrangement at the "oil-water" interface is in contrast to the structure of water molecules around a small hydrophobic solute in homogeneous solution, where the water molecules are tangentially oriented. The latter implies that a breaking of an existing hydrogen-bond network in homogeneous solution is needed in order to permit a catalytic effect of hydrogen bonds, but not for the on-water reaction. Thereby, the reaction in homogeneous aqueous solution is intrinsically slower than the surface reaction, as observed experimentally. The proposed mechanism of rate acceleration is discussed in light of other on-water reactions that showed smaller accelerations in rates. To interpret the results in different media, a method is given for comparing the rate constants of different rate processes, homogeneous, neat and on-water, all of which have different units, by introducing models that reduce them to the same units. The observed deuterium kinetic isotope effect is discussed briefly, and some experiments are suggested that can test the present interpretation and increase our understanding of the on-water catalysis.
Toxicity of insecticides to Halyomorpha halys (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) using glass-vial bioassays.

A scintillation glass-vial bioassay was used to test technical grade insecticides against the non-native stink bug Halyomorpha halys (Stal). Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is emerging as an important pest in the Mid-Atlantic States, especially in tree fruits and as a homeowner nuisance during the winter. Pyrethroid insecticides, especially bifenthrin, caused mortality against H. halys at low doses, with LC50 values of 0.03–0.49 (μg [AI]/cm2)(mg body mass−1). Three nicotinoids were tested against adults with LC50 values ranging between 0.05 and 2.64 (μg [AI]/cm2)(mg body mass−1). Phosmet had LC50 values that were up to 3.6-fold higher than other classes of insecticides tested. Fifth instars of H. halys were evaluated against selected chemicals, and they were generally susceptible at lower rates than the adults. Due to significant differences in weight, males and females were individually weighed, tested, and analyzed separately. Sex-related differences in susceptibility were found in the responses to thiomethoxam with males being less susceptible despite having a smaller body mass.
Conversion of CO2 from Air into Methanol Using a Polyamine and a Homogeneous Ruthenium Catalyst

A highly efficient homogeneous catalyst system for the production of CH3OH from CO2 using pentaethylenehexamine and Ru-Macho-BH (1) at 125–165 °C in an ethereal solvent has been developed (initial turnover frequency = 70 h–1 at 145 °C). Ease of separation of CH3OH is demonstrated by simple distillation from the reaction mixture. The robustness of the catalytic system was shown by recycling the catalyst over five runs without significant loss of activity (turnover number > 2000). Various sources of CO2 can be used for this reaction including air, despite its low CO2 concentration (400 ppm). For the first time, we have demonstrated that CO2 captured from air can be directly converted to CH3OH in 79% yield using a homogeneous catalytic system.
Reference, Access, and Outreach: An Evolved Landscape, 1936-2011 (Session 406)

Reference, access, and outreach are conceptually and functionally tied together in ways that were largely unexamined and unarticulated in the mid-1930s. In the second decade of the twenty-first century, archivists see these entities not only from a custodial perspective, but also as central to both repository identity and how the broad spectrum of society understands and supports archival work. The evolution of each of these functions and the cumulative impact of their interaction is discussed.
Stable methylation of a non-coding RNA gene regulates gene expression in response to abiotic stress in Populus simonii

DNA methylation plays important roles in responses to environmental stimuli. However, in perennial plants, the roles of DNA methylation in stress-specific adaptions to different abiotic stresses remain unclear. Here, we present a systematic, comparative analysis of the methylome and gene expression in poplar under cold, osmotic, heat, and salt stress conditions from 3h to 24h. Comparison of the stress responses revealed different patterns of cytosine methylation in response to the four abiotic stresses. We isolated and sequenced 1376 stress-specific differentially methylated regions (SDMRs); annotation revealed that these SDMRs represent 1123 genes encoding proteins, 16 miRNA genes, and 17 long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes. The SDMR162 region, consisting of Psi-MIR396e and PsiLNCRNA00268512, is regulated by epigenetic pathways and we speculate that PsiLNCRNA00268512 regulates miR396e levels by acting as a target mimic. The ratios of methylated cytosine declined to ~35.1% after 1 month of recovery from abiotic stress and to ~15.3% after 6 months. Among methylated miRNA genes, only expression of the methylation-regulated gene MIRNA6445a showed long-term stability. Our data provide a strong basis for future work and improve our understanding of the effect of epigenetic regulation of non-coding RNA expression, which will enable in-depth functional analysis.
Re-Thinking the Boundaries of Law in Cyberspace: A Duty to Hack?

Warfare and boundaries have a symbiotic relationship. Whether as its cause or effect, States historically used war to delineate the borders that divided them. Laws and borders have a similar relationship. Sometimes laws are the product of borders as when national boundaries delineate the reach of States’ authorities. But borders may also be the product of law; laws regularly draw lines between permitted and prohibited conduct or bound off required acts from permissible ones. Both logics are on display in debates over international law in cyberspace. Some characterize cyberspace as a unique, self-governing ‘space’ that requires its own borders and the drawing of tailor-made rules therein. For others, cyberspace is merely a technological medium that States can govern via traditional territorial borders with rules drawn ‘by analogy’ from pre-existing legal regimes. This chapter critiques current formulations drawing law from boundaries and boundaries from law in cyberspace with respect to (a) its governance; (b) the use of force; and (c) international humanitarian law (IHL). In each area, I identify theoretical problems that exist in the absence of any uniform theory for why cyberspace needs boundaries. At the same time, I elaborate functional problems with existing boundary claims – particularly by analogy – in terms of their (i) accuracy, (ii) effectiveness and (iii) completeness. These prevailing difficulties on whether, where, and why borders are needed in cyberspace suggests the time is ripe for re-appraising the landscape. This chapter seeks to launch such a re-thinking project by proposing a new rule of IHL – a Duty to Hack. The Duty to Hack would require States to use cyber-operations in their military operations whenever they are the least harmful means available for achieving military objectives. Thus, if a State can achieve the same military objective by bombing a factory or using a cyber-operation to take it off-line temporarily, the Duty to Hack requires that State to pursue the latter course. Although novel, I submit the Duty to Hack more accurately and effectively accounts for IHL’s fundamental principles and cyberspace’s unique attributes than existing efforts to foist legal boundaries upon State cyber-operations by analogy. Moreover, adopting the Duty to Hack could constitute a necessary first step to resolving the larger theoretical and functional challenges currently associated with law’s boundaries in cyberspace.
ON THE COMPRESSIVE RESPONSE OF NOTCHED COMPOSITE SANDWICH PANELS

Quasi-static uniaxial compression tests were performed on notched composite-honeycomb sandwich panels. The facesheets consisted of two-dimensional Eglass and carbon/epoxy woven fabric materials with a range of fiber architectures. Two different macroscopic damage behaviors emanating from the notch tip were observed: linear damage zones (LDZ’s) and delamination/bulge zones (DBZ’s). LDZ’s were observed in all material systems, whereas DBZ’s were exclusive to the carbon/epoxy material containing 45” ply orientations. LDZ’s were observed to propagate from the notch as a result of compressive loading and behaved in a macroscopically similar manner to a bridged crack under tensile loading. Cross-sectioning studies revealed-the key damage mechanisms, which were fiber microbuckling, kink banding, tow fiber splitting, and delamination, Experimental compression resistance curves indicate toughening mechanisms operating in the wake of the damage zone. Strain gages were used to measure the in situ damage zone tractions as the LDZ propagated across the width of the specimen; agreement with a strain softening traction law was established. A damage zone model was utilized to construct R-curves, and good agreement with experiment was achieved.
Seasonal Dynamics of Mass and Body Condition in Great Basin Porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum)

Capture-recapture techniques were used to monitor changes in nutritional state of North American porcupines ( Erethizon dorsatum ) during two winters in the northern Great Basin Desert. Measurements gathered monthly included mass, length of body, and circumference of chest. We used regression analyses to examine variation of body mass in porcupines from early to late winter and to develop an index to body condition from estimated volumes of body. During both winters, porcupines lost mass. Regression analyses of mass by number of days from the start of winter (15 October) revealed significant relationships for all age and sex classes except juvenile females. Estimated volume of body explained 84% of the variation in body masses of porcupines in winter and an index developed from this regression equation demonstrated that body condition decreased significantly during winter for all age classes. Data for mass of body and the condition index were similar; both suggested porcupines depleted energy reserves early in winter and were stressed nutritionally during late winter.
Antibody response to homografts. VI. In vitro cytotoxins produced by skin homografts in rabbits.

SummaryThe sera of rabbits which were homografted with skin are shown to be toxic to lymph node cells of the skin donor rabbit. Cytotoxicity was demonstrated upon incubation in vitro for 2 hours at 37°C. Sera of grafted rabbits became toxic after graft breakdown had commenced (11 days), and reached a peak after the rejection (20-30 days). The sera were in all instances more toxic to lymph node cells of the skin donor than to cells of other rabbits.The authors wish to acknowledge the technical assistance of C. C. Chamberlain and J. D. McClelland.
Predicting four-year mortality risk in older adults.

Survival prognoses for older adults may help patients and physicians make decisions about screening, treatment, and advance directives.
Serious Psychological Distress and Diabetes Management among American Indians and Alaska Natives.

Objective: Our study examined associations between serious psychological distress and blood glucose level (HbA1c) and body mass index (BMI) among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) participants in a cardiovascular disease prevention program. Design: Using linear regression, we assessed the relationships between serious psychological distress and HbA1c and BMI at baseline and one year later. Setting, Participants, and Intervention: AI/AN participants were aged > 18 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and enrolled in the Special Diabetes Project for Indians Healthy Heart Project. Main Outcome Measures: Outcomes were percentage of HbA1c and BMI, measured at enrollment and first annual exam. Both outcomes were continuous measures in all analyses. Results: Serious psychological distress was associated at baseline with increased HbA1c in the unadjusted and adjusted models (adjusted b =.17%, P <.01). Serious psychological distress also was associated at baseline with increased BMI (.635 kg/m2, P =.01) and at one year with increased BMI (0.174 kg/m2, P =.01) in the unadjusted model. After adjustment for demographic and health characteristics, these relationships were no longer significant. Conclusions: Cross-sectional baseline findings are consistent with existing literature. One year findings suggest need for further inquiry into mediators of psychological distress and examination of additional diabetes-specific health outcomes. Additional years of observation may be needed to disentangle relationships between serious psychological distress and BMI. ( Ethn Dis . 2015;25[2]:145–151)
Efficacy of Behavioral Interventions on Biological Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Reduction among Latinos: a Review of the Literature

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among Latinos. Designing and delivering culturally appropriate interventions are critical for modifying behavioral and nutritional behavior among Latinos and preventing CVD.
Reoperative Ureteroneocystostomy: Review of 69 Patients

Reoperative ureteroneocystostomy in 69 patients with primary vesicoureteral reflux was reviewed. Of the renal units 49 were obstructed and 48 had reflux. Postoperative obstruction was caused by mechanical factors in 61 per cent of the renal units, distal ureteral scarring in 31 per cent and a previously unrecognized functionally neurogenic bladder (without a neurological lesion) in 8 per cent. Persistent postoperative reflux was secondary to a short submucosal tunnel in 94 per cent of the renal units and occult neurogenic bladder in 6 per cent. Reoperative ureteroneocystostomy was successful in 79 per cent of the renal units, with a mean followup of 33 months. The modified Paquin technique (omitting the ureteral cuff) yielded consistently superior results in children undergoing reoperation for ureterovesical junction obstruction. In patients with postoperative vesicoureteral reflux a variety of techniques produced similar and gratifying results. That 52 per cent of our patients had no symptoms indicates clearly the absolute necessity of careful followup after ureteral reimplantation. Furthermore, 20 per cent of our patients had late failure (4 to 10 years after initial ureteroneocystostomy), which suggests the need for careful monitoring of the reimplanted ureter past puberty.
The Hidden Nexus between Compliance and Reputation

The past few years have been fraught with litigation for the health care industry, with major companies feeling the sting of compliance in both their reputations and their pocketbooks. In early November, Stryker settled hip implant litigation for more than $1 billion. In 2012, GlaxoSmithKline paid $3 billion to settle claims of overcharging, kickbacks and other health care transgressions, while, Abbott Laboratories paid $1.5 billion and Johnson & Johnson $1.2 billion, both for alleged violations of law. Even so, during the first week of November 2014, Stryker traded at its 52-week high, as Abbott and Johnson & Johnson traded near their 52-week high, though GlaxoSmithKline dipped near its 52-week low. GlaxoSmithKline’s downward trend began before a court in Changsha, China fined the company $500 million after a bribery conviction, coupled with the company’s pending bribery charges in the United Arab Emirates, Syria, Jordan, Iraq and Poland. Sadly, bribery charges are not uncommon in today’s health care market, as can be seen by the events of 2013, when prosecutors in Poland investigated Stryker, and those in 2014, when Abbott settled claims in India.
GUT MICROBIOTA, PREBIOTICS, PROBIOTICS, AND SYNBIOTICS IN MANAGEMENT OF OBESITY AND PREDIABETES: REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review the data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the roles of microbiota, pre-, pro- and synbiotics in metabolic conditions (obesity, prediabetes, and diabetes mellitus type 2 [DM2]). Methods: Primary literature was reviewed on the topics including RCTs of pre-, pro- and synbiotics use for metabolic disease. Results: Gut bacteria (microbiota) benefit digestion and have multiple other functions. Microbiota could increase harvesting of energy from the food and cause subclinical inflammation seen in metabolic disorders. Diet-related interventions including prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics (combining pre-and probiotics) may benefit metabolic conditions. Prebiotics are complex carbohydrates (i.e., dietary fiber). Results of RCTs of prebiotics suggested a neutral effect on body weight, decreased fasting and postprandial glucose, and improved insulin sensitivity and lipid profile. Some inflammation markers were reduced, sometimes substantially (20–30%). RCTs for probiotics demonstrated significant but small effects on body weight ( Conclusion: Pre-, pro-, and synbiotics could prove useful, but further research is needed to clarify their clinical relevance for the prevention and management of metabolic disease. Abbreviations: A1c = glycohemoglobin A1c CI = confidence interval CVD = cardiovascular disease GMB = gut (large bowel) microbiota DM2 = diabetes mellitus type 2 HOMA-IR = homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance LDL = low-density lipoprotein LPS = lipopolysaccharide NAFLD = nonalcoholic fatty liver disease RCT = randomized controlled trial SMD = standardized mean difference TG = triglycerides
Smoke Inhalation Injury

Smoke inhalation injury in children is still a significant course of serious pulmonary disease and may represent 50% of bum mortality. Injury from the effects of carbon monoxide and other gases from combustion are major determinants of severity. Primary prevention is the most important way to reduce the poor outcome from significant exposure.
The Basics of the Neoclassical Theory of Charges with Spin 1/2

The Lagrangian for a spinorial version of our neoclassical charge theory of elementary charges is presented, and field theory based on this Lagrangian is developed.
Leveraging Vendor Assessments of Usage Data

ABSTRACTThis article summarizes a presentation given at the 2017 North Carolina Serials Conference by Judith Nagata. The speaker discussed how her library used vendor-supplied usage data and graphic representations of that data to make decisions about journals and journal packages.
Effects of Video-Enhanced Activity Schedules on Academic Skills and Collateral Behaviors in Children with Autism.

Objectives: The effects of iPod-based visual activity schedules with embedded video models (video-enhanced activity schedules) on the academic skills and challenging behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were evaluated.Methods: A multiple baseline design across three target skills was used with two participants, ages 9 and 11, to assess the effects on academic skill acquisition (e.g. calculating fractions and percentages, identifying synonyms). Additionally, we assessed for potential iatrogenic effects of using a highly preferred electronic device in intervention by measuring engagement in stereotypy and challenging behavior.Results: Video-enhanced activity schedules were effective in teaching both participants to independently complete a variety of academic skills. Generalization across untaught stimuli and four-week maintenance of academic skill improvement was observed. Undesirable increases in stereotypy were not observed and challenging behavior improved over the course of the stud...
Idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with specific transcriptional changes in the gastric muscularis externa.

Background The molecular changes that occur in the stomach that are associated with idiopathic gastroparesis are poorly described. The aim of this study was to use quantitative analysis of mRNA expression to identify changes in mRNAs encoding proteins required for the normal motility functions of the stomach. Methods Full-thickness stomach biopsy samples were collected from non-diabetic control subjects who exhibited no symptoms of gastroparesis and from patients with idiopathic gastroparesis. mRNA was isolated from the muscularis externa and mRNA expression levels were determined by quantitative reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR. Key results Smooth muscle tissue from idiopathic gastroparesis patients had decreased expression of mRNAs encoding several contractile proteins, such as MYH11 and MYLK1. Conversely, there was no significant change in mRNAs characteristic of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) such as KIT or ANO1. There was also a significant decrease in mRNA-encoding platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα) and its ligand PDGFB and in Heme oxygenase 1 in idiopathic gastroparesis subjects. In contrast, there was a small increase in mRNA characteristic of neurons. Although there was not an overall change in KIT expression in gastroparesis patients, KIT expression showed a significant correlation with gastric emptying whereas changes in MYLK1, ANO1 and PDGFRα showed weak correlations to the fullness/satiety subscore of patient assessment of upper gastrointestinal disorder-symptom severity index scores. Conclusions and inferences Our findings suggest that idiopathic gastroparesis is associated with altered smooth muscle cell contractile protein expression and loss of PDGFRα+ cells without a significant change in ICCs.
Effect of embryo transfer number on singleton and twin implantation pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproductive technology.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of embryo transfer number on singleton and twin pregnancy outcomes with one and two fetal heartbeats on early ultrasound, respectively. STUDY DESIGN: The study included 23,645 singleton and 14,083 twin live births from the SART-CORS Online database of assisted reproductive technology cycles for 2004-2006. The data were limited to fresh embryo transfers among women who had additional embryos cryovreserved during the same cycle, resulting either in one fetal heartbeat on early ultrasound and a singleton live birth, or two fetal heartbeats and a twin live birth. Data were categorized by number of embryos transferred; the reference group was one for singletons and two for twins. The primary outcome measure was moderate growth restriction (birth-weight for gestation z-score <―1), adjusted for potential confounders. RESULTS: Risk for moderate growth restriction among singletons was increased by 15%, 23%, and 37%, respectively, with 2, 3, and ≥ 4 embryos transferred, and among twins, by 50% and 105%, respectively, with 3 and ≥ 4 embryos transferred. CONCLUSION: The data demonstrate a significant residual adverse effect on intrauterine growth from transfer of multiple embryos. Whether this effect is due to compromised embryo quality, degenerating implantation sites, or other etiology is unclear.
Bead Enhancement of EV Analysis

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized cancer biomarkers, however, clinical analysis has been difficult due to a lack of simple and sensitive assays. Here, we describe a bead-enhanced flow cytometry method, BEAD flow, using biotinylated EVs captured on streptavidin particles. With this method, we show analysis of patient-derived EVs using a panel of pancreatic cancer biomarkers. BEAD flow is easily translatable to any biomarker or cancer type and can be run with conventional flow cytometers, making it highly flexible and adaptable to diverse research and clinical needs.
General Topology. By Jacques Dixmier. General Topology and Homotopy Theory. By I. M. James;Topology. By Klaus Jänich

(1987). General Topology. By Jacques Dixmier. General Topology and Homotopy Theory. By I. M. James;Topology. By Klaus Janich. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 94, No. 5, pp. 475-479.
Genetic Testing in Brugada Syndrome

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a hereditary arrhythmic disorder associated with a right ventricular conduction delay and ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads and syncope and sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation ([1][1]). The type 1 Brugada electrocardiographic ECG pattern (coved ST-
Rapid and quantitative in vitro measurement of cellular chemotaxis and invasion

An in vitro, fluorimetric method for cellular chemotaxis and invasion has been developed using a commercially available, disposable, 96-well chamber. This 4–18 hour microtiter chamber assay has a number of important advantages over existing methods. It does not require prior labeling of cells or radioactivity, and is rapid, automatable and quantitative. Cells are quantitated by a novel actin-based fluorescence tag as reported previously (Methods in Cell Science 17: 263–270, 1995). Following quantitation, cells are easily detectable by fluorescence microscopy. In addition, this assay conserves reagents due to its low volumes in the upper and lower chambers. The assay has been optimized using cultured human lung cancer cells to identify inhibitors or activators of directed cell migration. The effects of antibodies to αVβ3, αVβ5, and CD44 on the chemotaxis and invasion of A549 cultured lung tumor cells are reported.
Abstract WP414: Total Burden Of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Load Of Cerebral Small Vessel Disease Features And Outcome Of Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Age is a major risk factor for Cerebral Small Vessel Disease (CSVD) and poor functional outcome following acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Recently, white matter hyperintensity (WMH), a s...
Heat Treatment Strategies to Improve the Quasi-Static and Dynamic Performance of Alpha + Beta Titanium Alloys

Although most studies have been concentrated on the quasi-static performance of alpha+beta titanium alloys, the dynamic performance of them especially in the intermediate regime is in its infancy. In this study, we conducted different rapid heating and cooling treatments (RHCT) on TIMETAL 64 (alpha+beta, 6 Al, 4 V) and TIMETAL 639 (alpha+beta, 6.5 Al, 1.7 Mo, 1.7 V, 0.3 Si). The resulting microstructure was characterized using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) before and after the RHCT process. To correlate the effect of proposed RHCT on the quasi-static (10-3/s), and intermediate (100/s) behavior of the heat-treated samples, we utilized the compression and split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests, respectively, to compress the specimens. Results have demonstrated that the dynamic ductility of the TIMETAL 639 outperforms the one of the TIMETAL 64, attributed to the bimodal microstructure of the TIMETAL 639.
Coping with racial battle fatigue: differences and similarities for African American and Mexican American college students

Student of Color often reference racial microaggressions when asked to describe their post-secondary experience. The racial battle fatigue framework assists in understanding the cumulative, negativ...
Random Tiling Models for Quasicrystals

Random tiling models for quasicrystals were introduced in 1985 [1] in the context of discussing the possible role of tiling entropy in stabilizing the thenrecently-discovered quasicrystalline phase [2]. In fact, provided that certain conditions hold, entropic stabilization of a quasicrystalline tiling in three dimensions (3D) will produce a structure whose diffraction pattern contains Bragg peaks. An excellent and thorough overview of random tiling theory can be found in Henley’s 1991 review article [3]. The aim of this lecture is to give a pedagogical review of the most important ideas and results in random tiling theory, including more recent developments.
Two-Stage Energy Management of Smart Homes in Presence of Intermittencies

In this paper, a new hybrid energy management strategy is presented for a typical smart home. The proposed methodology consists of two main stages; the optimization stage where the day-ahead optimal economic dispatch is determined and the re-planning stage which is executed in case of an unpredicted incident. In the re-planning stage, a two-layer adjustment approach is applied to mitigate the intermittencies and compensate for real-time energy mismatches, while updating the day-ahead energy schedule. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, two scenarios are studied and the results of system operation are analyzed for each case from technical and economic points of view. Comprehensive results obtained from simulations show the proposed strategy is cost effective in mitigating uncertainties and managing smart home energy requirements.
Augmenting Frame-based with Window-based Features for C. elegans Movement Classification

To understand and model the functions of the nervous system, behavior characteristics have been quantified and measured in C. elegans. Images and videos have been used to extract and analyze movement behavior given their richness in capturing morphological differences and movement dynamics, respectively. In this study, we show that exploiting the temporal properties and the dynamics provided by video data, we are able to extract window-based features that have enough power to quantify movement states that appear in a sequence of frames. By combining the full set of frame-based and window-based features with machine learning algorithms, we demonstrate that C. elegans' movements such as forward, turn, pause, and short and long reversals can be modeled, and the classification models can further be successfully applied to predict these movement states in other N2 wild-type or mutant video recordings.
Development and Validation of a Risk Score to Predict One-Year Mortality after Bridge to Heart Transplantation with Contemporary Durable Left Ventricular Assist Devices

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a risk score for patients bridged to orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) with contemporary durable left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). Methods The United Network for Organ Sharing database was queried to identify patients bridged to OHT with a HeartMate III (HM3) or HeartWare (HVAD) LVAD from January 2010 to December 2018. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify predictors of one year post-OHT mortality. A composite risk score was created by summing individual risk points that were assigned based on the absolute magnitude of the odds ratios in the multivariable model. Model discrimination was assessed using 10-fold cross-validation and area under receiver operating characteristic curves, or c-index. Results The study included 2,728 patients (2,331 HVAD and 397 HM3). One-year mortality was 7.8% (n=214). The risk score incorporated 5 independent predictors of one year mortality, which resulted in a total of 12 possible points (Table). The multivariable pre-transplant predictors included: age >60 years, total bilirubin >3 mg/dL, prolonged ischemic time >4 hours, body mass index >35 kg/m2, and pre-transplant dialysis dependence (Table). The predicted post-transplant 1-year survival was 92% in the low risk (score 6 points) patients (p Conclusion We developed and validated a risk score for patients being bridged to OHT with contemporary durable devices including the HVAD and HM3 LVADs. This risk score may have clinical utility in guiding timing, patient selection, and prognostication and counseling for OHT in patients being supported with contemporary LVADs.
First-Principles Modeling of the Initial Stages of Organic Solvent Decomposition on LixMn2O4(100) Surfaces

Density functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the initial steps of ethylene carbonate (EC) decomposition on spinel Li0.6Mn2O4(100) surfaces. EC i...
Using Trellis software to enhance high-quality large-scale network data collection in the field.

Abstract Trellis is a mobile platform created by the Human Nature Lab at the Yale Institute for Network Science to collect high-quality, location-aware, off-line/online, multi-lingual, multi-relational social network and behavior data in hard-to-reach communities. Respondents use Trellis to identify their social contacts by name and photograph, a procedure especially useful in low-literacy populations or in contexts where names may be similar or confusing. We use social network data collected from 1,969 adult respondents in two villages in Kenya to demonstrate Trellis’ ability to provide unprecedented metadata to monitor and report on the data collection process including artifactual variability based on surveyors, time of day, or location.
Effects of a Chronic Pain Simulation Empathy Training Kit on the Empathy of Interprofessional Healthcare Students for Chronic Pain Patients

Abstract Objective To evaluate changes in empathy for pharmacy, nursing, and health sciences students after the use of a Chronic Pain Simulation Empathy Training Kit (CPSETKit). Methods The apparatuses contained in the CPSETKit simulated chronic pain from several disease states. With kit devices applied, participants completed ten Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). The Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professions Scale (JSE-HPS) and the Kiersma-Chen Empathy Scale (KCES) were used to measure empathy pre-/post-kit use. Results Scores from the empathy scales indicate the use of this kit significantly increased the empathy (p values Conclusion Conclusion: The use of the CPSETKit increased empathy for chronic pain patients in health care students. Further research may determine whether the use of the kit improves patient outcomes.
Defect and strain engineering of monolayer WSe2 enables site-controlled single-photon emission up to 150 K.

In recent years, quantum-dot-like single-photon emitters in atomically thin van der Waals materials have become a promising platform for future on-chip scalable quantum light sources with unique advantages over existing technologies, notably the potential for site-specific engineering. However, the required cryogenic temperatures for the functionality of these sources has been an inhibitor of their full potential. Existing methods to create emitters in 2D materials face fundamental challenges in extending the working temperature while maintaining the emitter's fabrication yield and purity. In this work, we demonstrate a method of creating site-controlled single-photon emitters in atomically thin WSe2 with high yield utilizing independent and simultaneous strain engineering via nanoscale stressors and defect engineering via electron-beam irradiation. Many of the emitters exhibit biexciton cascaded emission, single-photon purities above 95%, and working temperatures up to 150 K. This methodology, coupled with possible plasmonic or optical micro-cavity integration, furthers the realization of scalable, room-temperature, and high-quality 2D single- and entangled-photon sources.
The Venue Shuffle: Forum Selection Clauses and ERISA

Forum selection clauses are ubiquitous. Historically, the judiciary was hostile to contracts limiting a plaintiff’s venue options. The tide has since turned. Today, lower courts routinely enforce such clauses. This Article challenges this reflexive response in the special context of ERISA cases. It mines ERISA’s statutory text, rich legislative history, and historical context to supply an in-depth exploration of ERISA’s unique policy goal of providing employees “ready access to the Federal courts.” The Article then explains how forum selection clauses undermine this goal and thus should be invalid under controlling Supreme Court jurisprudence.
The Search for Criteria to Assess the Risks Resulting from Exposure to Carcinogenic Agents

The increasingly rapid developments of toxicological research in the last few decades confronted us with the problem of correlating new scientific knowledge with its public health implications. Progressively more attention has been given to the nature of “selfreplicating toxic effects,” such as mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, in comparison with the “terminal toxic effects” studied by traditional toxicology [1]. Self-replicating toxic effects usually have the following characteristics: a) their appearance is delayed, often by a period of time as long as one-half or more of the lifetime of the host; b) the frequency of the expression of injury (e.g., tumor incidence) in the exposed population is directly correlated with the intensity of the exposure, but the intensity of the induced pathology (e.g., tumor growth and spread) is independent of the intensity of the exposure to the toxic agent; and c) the manifestations of toxicity are due to the proliferative response of a new altered cell population. Terminal toxic effects, on the other hand, usually have these different characteristics: a) they appear early after exposure to the toxic agents, b) the intensity of the induced pathology is directly correlated with the intensity of the toxic exposure, and c) the manifestations of toxicity are due either to altered functional products of the target tissues or to degenerative changes or death of the target cells themselves.
Differential effects of serotonin, FMRFamide, and small cardioactive peptide on multiple, distributed processes modulating sensorimotor synaptic transmission in Aplysia

At least two processes contribute to the modulation by 5-HT of the connections between sensory neurons and motor neurons in Aplysia. The first involves broadening of the presynaptic spike through modulation of 5-HT-sensitive K+ channels that leads to elevated levels of intracellular Ca2+ and increased release of transmitter. A second process (or set of processes) apparently accounts for the amount of facilitation not produced by presynaptic spike broadening. This spike duration-independent (SDI) process is particularly prominent in depressed synapses. We used a protocol in which spikes were prebroadened into a range of durations in which further spike broadening by itself has little or no effect on facilitation of the EPSP.5-HT produced pronounced facilitation in depressed synapses under these conditions. Another modulatory agent, small cardioactive peptide (SCPb), also broadened spikes in sensory neurons but did not produce facilitation comparable to that produced by 5-HT. These results indicate that 5-HT activates the SDI process whereas SCPb fails to do the same. A 5 min preexposure to the modulatory peptide FMRFamide inhibited 5-HT-induced activation of the SDI process, whereas a 1 min preexposure did not. Another process(es) that may modulate synaptic efficacy in sensorimotor synapses involves changes in the properties of the motor (follower) neuron, such as input resistance. FMRFamide decreased the input resistance of postsynaptic neurons. This action could contribute to the effects of FMRFamide when administered alone, but it did not appear to be responsible for the inhibitory action of FMRFamide on 5-HT-induced facilitation. Neither 5-HT nor SCPb had a clear effect on input resistance. The actions of these three agents, therefore, seem to be differentially distributed among various pre- and postsynaptic processes involved in the modulation of synaptic transmission.
EAP Licensure: Is It Dead or Lying Dormant?

After more than 60 years of evolution, Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) provide mental health and other services to thousands of workers each year. However, only one state, California, has chosen to specifically regulate these programs as programs, and only two (North Carolina and Tennessee) have legislation regulating the professionals who provide EAP services. This article explores the regulation of mental health and other professionals working in the EAP framework and raises questions about the adequacy of self-regulation for programs and providers.