cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3786: LC3B-positive autophagosomes are a common feature of solid tumors and associated with proliferation, metastasis and poor outcome

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL Interest in autophagy and cancer has surged in recent years. Autophagy provides a source of nutrients in times of metabolic stress. A paradox for autophagy in cancer is that while autophagy is a conserved pro-survival mechanism, it can also act in tumor suppression as is the case with the autophagy-associated beclin-1 protein. However, there is growing evidence supporting a pro-survival role for autophagy in tumor progression, for example in gastrointestinal tumors and invasive melanomas wherein autophagosomes are abundant. Here we expanded previous studies on autophagosomes in malignancies to include nearly 2000 pathology specimens from 20 different cancers, analyzing for associations of autophagosomes with tumor progression. Methods. Individual pathology specimens and tumor tissue microarrays (TMAs) were stained for the autophagosome marker LC3B and the proliferation marker Ki-67 through standard IHC procedures. Automated quantitative analyses (AQUA) used fluorescence-tagged antibodies. Results: In multitumor TMAs, about 85% of all tumors showed positive staining of LC3B in a granular pattern. In melanoma TMAs, LC3B was elevated in lymph node metastases. In breast carcinoma TMAs LC3B was elevated in node-positive compared to node-negative primaries and associated with increased nuclear grade, and worse patient outcome. LC3B and Ki-67 expression correlated in both melanoma and breast carcinoma (p < 0.0001), indicating a strong association between autophagy and proliferation. Supporting this, mitotic figures were largely detected in LC3B-positive tumor cells. Conclusions. While it is clear that autophagy can play a tumor suppressor role in some settings, we posit that these results are most consistent with a pro-survival role for autophagy, at least in advanced malignancies. In cancer, autophagy is thought to be part of the pro-survival integrated stress response known as aerobic glycolysis or the Warburg effect whereby cells utilize glycolysis rather than aerobic respiration for ATP production. Since some 90% of malignancies constituitively express the Warburg effect and, as shown herein, a similar number express LC3B-positive autophagosomes, the results are most consistent with autophagy being an integral, active part of this response. That autophagosomes are expressed in proliferating tumor cells further supports this proposal. In any case, the widespread occurrence of autophagosomes in cancer shown herein, and by others, underscores the importance of autophagy as a target in the design of new anti-cancer therapies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3786. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-3786
Development of a Hearing Conservation and Noise Reduction Program for Dairy Plants

Abstract A noise reduction program for dairy plants is described. Local dairy companies volunteered their facilities for evaluation by the University. Noise surveys were made in five large plants. Several areas in the plants exceeded 90 dBA. Packaging equipment was one of the major contributors to noise problems in the plants.
Enzyme immunoassay for serum ferritin of pigs.

Abstract An enzyme-linked immunosorptive assay for serum ferritin in pigs was developed. The assay uses rabbit antiporcine ferritin in a sandwich technique. The normal value for newborn pigs was 20.8 ± 14.7 ng/ml.
Indications of non-monotonic texture evolution from a two-dimensional simulation study

Abstract The Van der Drift mechanism of evolutionary selection describing the texture development of polycrystalline diamond films has been studied theoretically using a very simple two-dimensional model. For α parameters below 3, the competition between a perfectly epitaxially aligned crystallite and a grain which is tilted so that the direction of fastest growth is parallel to the surface normal has been simulated. We have quantified the volume fractions of the differently oriented crystallites with increasing film thickness and thus could distinguish different regimes for the growth competition. Although the tilted crystallite will in any case overgrow the perfectly aligned one completely, in the limit of very high film thickness as postulated by the van der Drift theory the volume fraction of the latter can be significantly higher in an intermediate stage of the growth competition. This implies, for an intermediate thickness range, rocking curves narrower than expected from the value of the α parameter. First experimental results confirm this prediction.
An investigation of co-crystallization in LDPE/HDPE blends using DSC and TREF

Abstract A number of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments were performed to investigate the melting behavior of blends of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and high density polyethylene (HDPE). Results revealed three endothermic peaks which suggested that, upon fast cooling, a “co-crystalline” phase is formed. The same feature was found using Temperature Rising Elution Fractionation (TREF), which fractionates semi-crystalline polymers based on relative crystallizability of molecules. Isolation of the “co-crystallized” fraction was possible using TREF in a preparative mode. Analytical TREF and DSC were then used to identify polymeric components in the “co-crystalline” phase.
Development and characterization of erythrosine nanoparticles with potential for treating sinusitis using photodynamic therapy.

Summary Background Antimicrobial therapy for sinusitis has been shown to reduce or eliminate pathologic bacteria associated with rhinosinusitis and improve the symptoms associated with the disease. However, the continuing rise in antibiotic resistance, the ongoing problem with patient compliance, and the intrinsic difficulty in eradication of biofilms complicates antibiotic therapy. The introduction of photodynamic antimicrobial therapy (PAT) using erythrosine, a photosensitizer, could eliminate the bacteria without inducing antibiotic resistance or even requiring daily dosing. In the present study, erythrosine nanoparticles were prepared using poly-lactic- co -glycolic acid (PLGA) and evaluated for their potential in PAT against Staphylococcus aureus cells. Methods PLGA nanoparticles of erythrosine were prepared by nanoprecipitation technique. Erythrosine nanoparticles were characterized for size, zeta potential, morphology and in vitro release. Qualitative and quantitative uptake studies of erythrosine nanoparticles were carried out in S. aureus cells. Photodynamic inactivation of S. aureus cells in the presence of erythrosine nanoparticles was investigated by colony forming unit assay. Results Nanoprecipitation technique resulted in nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 385 nm and zeta potential of −9.36 mV. Erythrosine was slowly released from nanoparticles over a period of 120 h. The qualitative study using flow cytometry showed the ability of S. aureus cells to internalize erythrosine nanoparticles. Moreover, erythrosine nanoparticles exhibited a significantly higher uptake and antimicrobial efficacy compared to pure drug in S. aureus cells. Conclusion In conclusion, erythrosine-loaded PLGA nanoparticles can be a potential long term drug delivery system for PAT and are useful for the eradication of S. aureus cells.
The hypothalamus in Tourette's syndrome.

Although a recent report by Devinsky (1983) has suggested that dysfunction at a midbrain level is most likely to underlie the major symptoms of Tourette's syndrome, several features of the disease including alterations in the severity of the disease during puberty and premenstrually, disorders of appetite, amelioration of tics with rise in body temperature, and sleep point to hypothalamic involvement in the pathophysiology of the disease.
Pushing apart disjoint closed sets in normed linear spaces

Abstract It is well known that disjoint closed sets in a Euclidean space may be pushed apart a positive distance by a space homeomorphism. Answering a question raised by R.D. Anderson and F.E. Browder, we show that the same thing can be accomplished in any normed linear space with respect to any locally finite collection of disjoint closed sets. The desired space homeomorphism is obtained by pushing outward along rays from a point not contained in the union of the closed sets. An example showing this result does not hold for the non-normable Frechet spaces.
Results of Keratoprosthesis

The technique of keratoprosthesis was used in 21 cases of severe and intractable forms of keratopathy during the past 3 1/2 years. The results in terms of visual acuity were satisfactory in more than half the cases. Significant problems that occurred after this procedure included the diagnosis and management of glaucoma, vitreitis, and retroprosthetic membrane. There were no instances of extrusion of the keratoprosthesis nor were there any cases of endophthalmitis. However, one case developed necrosis of the tissue around the optical cylinder on the eyelid after surgery. Although its use is limited to only some forms of keratopathy, keratoprosthesis seems to offer a solution in cases where no other treatment is available.
Behavioral Assessment of the Senescence-accelerated Mouse (SAM P8 and R1)

Abstract MARKOWSKA, A. L., E. L. SPANGLER AND D. K. INGRAM. Behavioral assessment of the senescence-accelerated mouse (SAM P8 and R1) . Physiol Behav 64(1) 15–26, 1998. Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM P8 and R1) were behaviorally assessed in a cross-sectional study at 4 and 15 months of age. Behavioral measures included memory (place discrimination and repeated acquisition in a water maze), sensorimotor performance (turning in an alley, traversing bridges, wire rod hanging, and falls from a wire screen), psychomotor performance (open-field exploration), and emotionality (entries in a plus maze, grooming, and defecation in a plus maze and in an open field). In the water maze, aged P8 mice were impaired in place discrimination and in repeated acquisition tasks, demonstrating evidence of an age-related decline in spatial memory processing abilities. The demonstration of this impairment, however, was complicated by noncognitive factors, such as the tendency of many older P8 mice to float. Sensorimotor skill impairment was accelerated with age in P8 mice, but not in R1 mice, and this impairment was present despite the lack of age-related changes in body weight in P8 mice. Although P8 and R1 mice were not different in general activity at old age, P8 mice were substantially more hyperactive in an open field and in the plus maze than R1 mice when compared at young age. Independent of age, P8 mice demonstrated a reduction of anxiety-like behavior in the plus maze. Taken as a whole, the data suggest that although age-related behavioral alterations occur in the P8 mice, some of these changes are evident at 4 months of age. Thus, the behavioral abnormalities that exist not only represent an accelerated aging phenomenon but may also be considered a developmental pathology.
Collapse and Fragmentation of Molecular Cloud Cores. VII. Magnetic Fields and Multiple Protostar Formation

Recent observations of star-forming regions suggest that binary and multiple young stars are the rule rather than the exception and implicate fragmentation as the likely mechanism for their formation. Most numerical hydrodynamic calculations of fragmentation have neglected the possibly deleterious effects of magnetic fields, despite ample evidence for the importance of magnetic support of precollapse clouds. We present here the first numerical hydrodynamic survey of the collapse and fragmentation of initially magnetically supported clouds that takes into account several magnetic field effects in an approximate manner. The models are calculated with a three-dimensional, finite differences code that solves the equations of hydrodynamics, gravitation, and radiative transfer in the Eddington and diffusion approximations. Magnetic field effects are included through two simple approximations: magnetic pressure is added to the gas pressure, and magnetic tension is approximated by gravity dilution once collapse is well underway. Ambipolar diffusion of the magnetic field leading to cloud collapse is treated approximately as well. Models are calculated for a variety of initial cloud density profiles, shapes, and rotation rates. We find that in spite of the inclusion of magnetic field effects, dense cloud cores are capable of fragmenting into binary and multiple protostar systems. Initially prolate clouds tend to fragment into binary protostars, while initially oblate clouds tend to fragment into multiple protostar systems containing a small number (of the order of 4) of fragments. The latter are likely to be subject to rapid orbital evolution, with close encounters possibly leading to the ejection of fragments. Contrary to expectation, magnetic tension effects appear to enhance fragmentation, allowing lower mass fragments to form than would otherwise be possible, because magnetic tension helps to prevent a central density singularity from forming and producing a dominant single object. Magnetically supported dense cloud cores thus seem to be capable of collapsing and fragmenting into sufficient numbers of binary and multiple protostar systems to be compatible with observations of the relative rarity of single protostars.
Efficient Generation of the Ligand Field Excited State of Tris-(2,2‘-bipyridine)-ruthenium(II) through Sequential Two-Photon Capture by [Ru(bpy)3]2+ or Electron Capture by [Ru(bpy)3]3+

The relaxation dynamics and product distribution resulting from the decay of high lying excited states generated via sequential two-photon capture by [Ru(bpy)3]2+ or electron capture by [Ru(bpy)3]3+ have been investigated by flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis techniques. In comparison to the decay dynamics for monophotonic excitation, dramatically different relaxation dynamics have been observed. High-power flash excitation yields both the lowest lying metal-to-ligand charge transfer (3MLCT) state and a new transient photoproduct associated with nonradiative decay through the photodissociative metal-centered (3dd) excited state/s. The photoproduct is postulated to be [RuII(bpy)2(η1-bpy)]2+ where the pendant pyridine has rotated to yield a transient that is stabilized by a π−bonded or a three-centered Ru−C−H agostic interaction.
Leaf development and crown geometry of two iriarteoid palms.

We examined changes in pinnately compound leaf morphology and crown geometry that occur during height growth of the iriarteoid palms Socratea exorrhiza and Iriartea deltoidea in tropical wet forest of Costa Rica. Although light availability increased with height, the number of leaves per plant was relatively constant. Total leaf area, however, was much larger in taller individuals. Increases in linear dimensions of leaves (length and width) was responsible for less than half of this greater surface area. More important was the transition from a basically dorsiventral display of leaflets in small individuals to a more radial display in taller plants. Production of leaflets in more than one plane resulted in leaves whose surface area was more than twice the horizontally projected area and whose lateral light interception was greatly enhanced. S. exorrhiza, a faster-growing and more light-demanding species, undergoes this transformation in leaf morphology at heights between 3 and 6 m; whereas in the slower-growing and more shade-tolerant I. deltoidea this occurs at heights between 10 and 20 m. Pinnate leaves, with dense radial packing ofleaflets along the rachis, are functionally comparable to branches ofdicotyledonous trees and may have been important for the evolution of arborescence in palms.
Prison ecopoetics: concrete, imagined, and textual spaces in American inmate poetry

Bell Gale Chevigny writes, in prison ‘[n]ature is the more valued for its scarcity’, yet very little work has been done on the ways inmates engage with environments. Continually confronted by a lack of multidimensional environmental experiences, the prisoner is more aware and more conscious of the complex and often invisible ways in which environments manifest themselves. As such, I contend that there is an ecopoetics of prison poetry that results from the inmate’s hyper-awareness of environmental encounter and the various forms in which that can arrive. By acknowledging and embracing this new forum for ecopoetic studies, we not only become more conscious of the ways in which American inmates respond and express their confinement but also uncover the disconnections between traditional ideas of nature and ecopoetics. This article will consider a variety of anthologised prison poets and the ways in which they engage with ecopoetics.
Balloon measurements of the far-infrared background radiation.

Description of a balloon-borne radiometer designed to make direct measurements of the background radiation in the spectral range from 1 to 20 cm, and evaluation of the results of two balloon flights performed with the aid of this radiometer. Measurements in five different passbands in the spectral region below 20 per cm were made with a liquid-helium-cooled radiometer in two flights at approximately 40-km altitude. The results obtained are found to be consistent with a 2.7 K thermal radiation background. In addition, an atmospheric radiation of certain magnitude is found to dominate the region above 11 per cm.
Desugaring in Practice: Opportunities and Challenges

Desugaring, a key form of program manipulation, is a vital tool in the practical study of programming languages. Its use enables pragmatic solutions to the messy problems of dealing with real languages, but it also introduces problems that need addressing. By listing some of these challenges, this paper and talk aim to serve as a call to arms to the community to give the topic more attention.
The Case for Conscientiousness: Evidence and Implications for a Personality Trait Marker of Health and Longevity

Purpose Recent initiatives by major funding agencies have emphasized translational and personalized approaches (e.g., genetic testing) to health research and health management. While such directives are appropriate, and will likely produce tangible health benefits, we seek to highlight a confluence of several lines of research showing relations between the personality dimension of conscientiousness and a variety of health-related outcomes.
Milton's Forsaken Proserpine

AbstractReaders of Paradise Lost have long found patterns of allusion to the rape of Proserpina, a myth about the brutal encroachment of mortality onto human consciousness. Yet the Proserpina myth haunts the whole corpus of Milton's English and Latin poetry. Manuscript deletions and other evidence show that Milton returned compulsively to the scene of the goddess's rape, even as he tried to suppress the evidence of its hold on his imagination. Milton's ongoing fascination with Proserpina's ravishment by the king of the underworld reflects a lifelong habit of linking erotic desire to the death of the body, a habit that persisted even after Milton left behind the dualist Neoplatonism of his early poems. Tracing patterns of engagement with the figure of Proserpina across Milton's poetry—with a focus on neglected allusions to Claudian's fourth‐century De Raptu Proserpinae—this essay explores Milton's troubled portrayal of sexuality and the mortal body, and shows how both are bound together in his writings wit...
A single overnight stay is possible for most patients undergoing robotic partial nephrectomy.

Objective To evaluate establishment of overnight stay only as sufficient after robotic partial nephrectomy (RPN). Methods Stated benefits of minimally invasive surgery include reduced hospitalization, but published hospital stays after laparoscopic or robotic partial nephrectomy are not significantly less than with open surgery. We developed a clinical pathway targeting discharge on postoperative day (POD) 1 after RPN of any complexity. We reviewed all RPNs by a single surgeon since instituting our clinical pathway, including ambulation and diet the night of surgery, avoidance of intravenous narcotics and drains, and catheter removal on POD 1 before discharge. Targeted discharge was not modified regardless of RPN complexity. Results A total of 150 consecutive patients underwent 160 RPNs with 35 hilar tumors and 26 with segmental, and 33 with no artery clamping. Three had solitary kidneys, and 8 underwent multiple (range, 2-4) RPNs. Mean patient age was 57 years (range, 22-89 years), and body mass index was 32 kg/m 2 (range, 18-54 kg/m 2 ). Mean tumor size was 3.6 cm (range, 1.0-11.0; median, 3.2 cm), and the RENAL (radius, exophytic/endophytic, nearness to collecting system, anterior/posterior, and location) nephrometry score was 8 (range, 4-12; median, 8). Mean warm ischemia time was 12.1 minutes (range, 0-30.0 minutes). Mean preoperative and discharge creatinine were 0.9 mg/dL (range, 0.43-2.79 mg/dL) and 1.13 mg/dL (range, 0.56-2.93 mg/dL). All patients ambulated on POD 0. One patient required one dose of intravenous narcotic. Mean length of stay was 1.1 days, with 145 (97%) discharged on POD 1, of which only 4 (2.7%) were readmitted within 30 days. Conclusion Discharge on POD 1 is feasible in most RPN patients regardless of complexity. Readmission rate was low, indicating that longer admissions may not prevent complications when patients meeting discharge criteria go home on POD 1.
Peripheral Cee beam extractor for the Chicago 460 MeV synchrocyclotron

Abstract A peripheral beam extractor for the Chicago 460 MeV synchrocyclotron is described which increases the duty factor of the external beam, or the internal beam on target to 50%. The radio frequency drive puts a high voltage on the peripheral cee electrode with high standing wave ratio but low power loss over a sufficiently broad bandwidth to provide a flexible and efficient extraction of the circulating beam.
Polyphenols, Inflammation, and Cardiovascular Disease

Polyphenols are compounds found in foods such as tea, coffee, cocoa, olive oil, and red wine and have been studied to determine if their intake may modify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Historically, biologic actions of polyphenols have been attributed to antioxidant activities, but recent evidence suggests that immunomodulatory and vasodilatory properties of polyphenols may also contribute to CVD risk reduction. These properties will be discussed, and recent epidemiological evidence and intervention trials will be reviewed. Further identification of polyphenols in foods and accurate assessment of exposures through measurement of biomarkers (i.e., polyphenol metabolites) could provide the needed impetus to examine the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on CVD intermediate outcomes (especially those signifying chronic inflammation) and hard endpoints among high risk patients. Although we have mechanistic insight into how polyphenols may function in CVD risk reduction, further research is needed before definitive recommendations for consumption can be made.
An extension of the initial value theorem and its application to random signal analysis

For a double-ended Laplace transform pair f(t) and F(s), it is proved that f(0+) - f(0-) = lim s → ∞ sF(s). The relation is useful in determining the continuity property of the correlation function at τ = 0.
Evolution of the dihalide ion Br−2 in aqueous solutions

Abstract Aqueous solutions of NaBr were prepared and placed in a 25 cm long quartz cell. After a photolyzing flash a transient absorption due to Br − 2 , centred at ∼ 3500 A and ∼ 1500 A wide was observed in agreement with Grossweiner and Matheson. The kinetics of Br − 2 decay was studied at concentrations ranging from 10 −5 to 10 −1 M . The decay was found to be at all concentrations a second order process and to become slower from 10 −5 to 10 −3 M and faster from 10 −3 to 10 −1 M . The kinetics of the decay was explained as due to three simultaneous bimolecular reactions; the rate constants for these reactions were determined. Additional proofs for the postulated mechanism, in which the species Br − 2 and Br − 3 participate, were derived from absorption measurements of the end-products and other flash photolysis experiments which were performed at temperatures higher than 300 K.
RELIABILITY OF JUDGING GENUINE AND SIMULATED SUICIDE NOTES

The performance of naive judges (10 men and 13 women) on two sets of genuine versus simulated suicide notes (54 pairs) indicated poor parallel-forms reliability for this task.
Equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties of semiconductors with multiply ionizable deep centers

The local thermodynamic equilibrium as well as the non-equilibrium properties of crystal defects in semiconductors are discussed with emphasis on such configurations that allow for multiple ionization and electronic excitation. A system of rate equations is developed which describes the temporal change of the occupation numbers of the different energy levels; it includes the processes of free charge carrier capturing as well as thermal emission. The results of the investigation can be used, for example, to obtain a more realistic dynamic description of the occupation of the chromium induced energy levels in gallium arsenide which play an important role as recombination centers in material for fast photonic switching.
Impacts of tapered sidewall profiles with high aspect ratio on subwavelength grating structure

We have numerically demonstrated the significant impacts on the resonance mode characteristics of subwavelength grating structures due to tapered sidewall profile and high aspect ratio, which is normally obtained from CMOS-compatible nanoelectronic fabrication processes.
Blunt, Penetrating and Ischemic Injuries to the Penis

ABSTRACTPurpose: We describe our experience with treating a series of 40 penile injuries, including 2 gunshot wounds, 1 stab wound, 1 zipper injury and 34 penile fractures, of which 29 were corrected surgically and 5 were managed conservatively, as well as 2 cases of glandular gangrene at 3 large inner city medical centers in a 12-year period. We describe our standard diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, which have evolved with time.Materials and Methods: Between 1989 and 2000, 34 patients were evaluated after blunt trauma to the erect penis resulted in penile fracture. Four patients had penetrating trauma to a flaccid penis and 2 had localized penile gangrene. Of the patients with blunt trauma 32 were injured during sexual intercourse and 2 were injured during masturbation. A single gunshot wound occurred during a crime, 2 penetrating traumas were intentionally inflicted and the remaining penetrating injury was due to a zipper. The 2 patients with penile gangrene had diabetes and were on dialysis.Resul...
Wind field analysis using unit-vector density mapping

An automated mapping technique, termed unit-vector density mapping (UVDM), is introduced as a method of displaying continuous instantaneous wind velocities and other vector quantities. The purpose of introducing this technique is to 1) generate renewed interest in meteorological data display techniques and 2) address specific concerns in the display and interpretation of vector quantities of particular interest to meteorologists. With this graphic procedure, the density of short standard-length line segments (unit-vectors) represents wind speed and unit-vector orientation show wind direction. This paper describes the plotting algorithms for producing UVDM maps and compares this technique to existing procedures for mapping wind vectors.
All-Optical Regeneration of Phase Modulated Signals

In the paper, a phase-only regeneration is presented as well as simultaneous phase and amplitude regeneration of DPSK signals using a NOLM-PSA.
Inhibition of glutamate transport in synaptosomes by dopamine oxidation and reactive oxygen species

Dopamine can form reactive oxygen species and other reactive metabolites that can modify proteins and other cellular constituents. In this study, we tested the effect of dopamine oxidation products, other generators of reactive oxygen species, and a sulfhydryl modifier on the function of glutamate transporter proteins. We also compared any effects with those on the dopamine transporter, a protein whose function we had previously shown to be inhibited by dopamine oxidation. Preincubation with the generators of reactive oxygen species, ascorbate (0.85 mM) or xanthine (500 microM) plus xanthine oxidase (25 mU/ml), inhibited the uptake of [3H]glutamate (10 microM) into rat striatal synaptosomes (-54 and -74%, respectively). The sulfhydryl-modifying agent N-ethylmaleimide (50-500 microM) also led to a dose-dependent inhibition of [3H]glutamate uptake. Preincubation with dopamine (100 microM) under oxidizing conditions inhibited [3H]glutamate uptake by 25%. Exposure of synaptosomes to increasing amounts of dopamine quinone by enzymatically oxidizing dopamine with tyrosinase (2-50 U/ml) further inhibited [3H]glutamate uptake, an effect prevented by the addition of glutathione. The effects of free radical generators and dopamine oxidation on [3H]glutamate uptake were similar to the effects on [3H]dopamine uptake (250 nM). Our findings suggest that reactive oxygen species and dopamine oxidation products can modify glutamate transport function, which may have implications for neurodegenerative processes such as ischemia, methamphetamine-induced toxicity, and Parkinson's disease.
Explicit Representations of Faber Polynomials form-Cusped Hypocycloids

LetFn(z) be Faber polynomials associated with anm-cusped hypocycloid. We derive an explicit algebraic expression forFn(z) via a Cauchy integral formula. Using a differential equation ofFn(z), we precisely representFn(z) in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions.
Descriptive versus prescriptive information in a realistic job preview

Abstract A realistic job preview (RJP) using a prescriptive approach aimed at enhancing newcomer adaptation to the job was contrasted with a traditional descriptive RJP targeted at expectations concerning objective information about the job. In a laboratory experiment, 132 subjects were recruited to work on a clerical task. Participants received neither, one, or both preview(s) in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Analysis revealed strong effects on the manipulation checks and supportive findings for both types of preview on variables measured before task performance. Differences in post-task criteria favored the traditional descriptive preview over the new prescriptive approach. The descriptive preview increased accuracy of expectations for the task and created greater awareness of problem areas and potential coping strategies; furthermore, it influenced quality of performance and turnover intentions. The descriptive approach did not, however, influence task satisfaction, thus calling into question the traditional met expectations hypothesis for RJP effects.
A negativity bias in interpersonal evaluation

Abstract Two studies were conducted to demonstrate a bias toward negativity in evaluations of persons or their work in particular social circumstances. In Study 1, subjects evaluated materials written by peers. Those working under conditions that placed them in low status relative to the audience for their evaluations, or conditions that made their intellectual position within a group insecure, showed a clear bias toward negativity in those evaluations. Only individuals who believed their audience to be of relatively low status and at the same time believed their intellectual position to be secure did not show this bias. In Study 2, subjects viewed a videotape of a stimulus person and rated him on several intellectual and social dimensions. Again, subjects believed their audience to be of either relatively high or relatively low status. As a cross dimension, they were given instructions to focus on either the intellectual or the social abilities of the stimulus person while viewing the videotape. A strong main effect of audience status was demonstrated, but only in ratings of intellectual traits; subjects who believed their audience to be of relatively high status rated the stimulus person's intellectual qualities significantly more negatively. Moreover, this effect was independent of the instructional focus subjects had been given. The negativity bias is discussed in the context of previous demonstrations of biases toward weighting negative information more heavily than positive information, as well as previous demonstrations of seemingly pervasive positivity biases in memory and judgment.
Experimental study on the separation performance of air-injected de-oil hydrocyclones

Abstract The developing status and separating principle of de-oil hydrocyclones are first simply introduced. The ways to enhance the hydrocyclone's separation efficiency are described based on theoretical analysis. One of the ways is to inject air into the hydrocyclones so as to combine them with oil to form oil–gas compound bodies, and then increase the de-oil efficiency. By means of injecting air into the hydrocyclone, a new type of hydrocyclone, i.e. air-injected de-oil hydrocyclone (AIDOH), was developed. The basic separation principle of the AIDOH, prototype structure, the experimental technical process and facilities are introduced. Laboratory experiments were carried out. The effects of different geometric parameters, including the vortex finder diameter, and the length, the micro-pore diameter, and different operating conditions, such as flowrate, split ratio, gas–liquid ratio, and especially the air-injecting position, were studied. It was also found that the best injecting part is at the fine cone segment. Further experimental studies were continued to confirm the detailed part in the fine cone segment, which included one-third segment and two-thirds segment. Results show that the best air-injecting part is the first one-third of the fine cone segment. Research indicates that the AIDOH has satisfied the separation effect.
SCVIR annual meeting film panel session: diagnosis and discussion of case 4.

The celiac and inferior mesenteric arteriograms (shown as part of the unknown presentation) are normal. The SMA arteriogram reveals a vessel arising from the left side of the distal mesenteric trunk that fails to anastomose with adjacent superior mesenteric artery branches (Fig 1). This artery terminates in a tuft of small branches but shows sparse proximal branching. Additionally, it arises at an abrupt angle relative to more proximal small bowel branches; the terminal portions of more distal small bowel branches appear to cross the course of the isolated branch, suggesting that the anomalous artery lies within the lumen of the more distal ileum. No active contrast material extravasation was seen. Shortly after arteriography, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy and a segment of ileum was removed (Fig 2). Pathologic examination showed a deep indentation of the ileal wall protruding into the lumen as a fingerlike polypoid projection, with mucosa of the small intestinal type, consistent with an inverted Meckel’s diverticulum. Focal ulceration with chronic inflammation was noted on the mucosa
Implementation of IT Infrastructure for Model based Real-time HVAC Diagnostics

Abstract The objective of this work is to design and test a real-time building energy model framework for monitoring and mea- suring the performance of existing commercial buildings. Existing commercial buildings often perform below their design potential due to lack of appropriate maintenance. This situation can be improved by incorporating a system that continuously monitors and evaluates performance of the building by comparing real-time data with results predicted by an accurate model. This paper describes the framework for a simple system that could be applied to a wide range of buildings with varying levels of controls and measured sensor data. Tests were performed to demonstrate that the availability of predicted model data can lead to the detection of faults with building subsystems that would otherwise go unnoticed. It was also demonstrated that there are several possible options to provide necessary inputs to the model so that even low data availability can produce useful results.
Effect of mass spectrometric parameters on peptide and protein identification rates for shotgun proteomic experiments on an LTQ-orbitrap mass analyzer

The success of a shotgun proteomic experiment relies heavily on the performance and optimization of both the LC and the MS systems. Despite this, little consideration has, so far, been given to the importance of evaluating and optimizing the MS instrument settings during data-dependent acquisition mode. Moreover, during data-dependent acquisition, the users have to decide and choose among various MS parameters and settings, making a successful analysis even more challenging. We have systematically investigated and evaluated the effect of enabling and disabling the preview mode for FTMS scan, the number of microscans per MS/MS scan, the number of MS/MS events, the maximum ion injection time for MS/MS, and the automatic gain control target value for MS and MS/MS events on protein and peptide identification rates on an LTQ-Orbitrap using the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteome. Our investigations aimed to assess the significance of each MS parameter to improve proteome analysis and coverage. We observed that higher identification rates were obtained at lower ion injection times i.e. 50–150 ms, by performing one microscan and 12–15 MS/MS events. In terms of ion population, optimal automatic gain control target values were at 5×10^5–1×10^6 ions for MS and 3×10^3–1×10^4 ions for MS/MS. The preview mode scan had a minimal effect on identification rates. Using optimized MS settings, we identified 1038 (±2.3%) protein groups with a minimum of two peptide identifications and an estimated false discovery rate of ∼1% at both peptide and protein level in a 160-min LC-MS/MS analysis.
Imatinib and chronic myeloid leukemia: validating the promise of molecularly targeted therapy.

The Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib (Glivec®, formerly STI571, Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland) produces complete hematologic and cytogenetic responses in a substantial percentage of chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Imatinib is effective in chronic phase, accelerated phase and blast crisis, with lower response rates in patients with more advanced disease. Although responses have been durable in chronic phase patients, relapses have been common in blast crisis. Relapse has been associated with reactivation of Bcr-Abl kinase activity. The clinical development of imatinib illustrates the effectiveness of targeting molecular pathogenetic events. Hopefully, this example can be extended to other malignancies.
TSH and Thyroid Hormones Both Regulate Bone Mass

Thyrotoxicosis is associated with a high-turnover osteoporosis, which has been solely attributed to elevated thyroid hormone levels. Mice lacking the thyroid hormone receptors α and β establish a role for thyroid hormones in regulating bone remodeling. We show that TSH, which falls when thyroid hormones rise, directly suppresses bone remodeling, and that TSH receptor null mice have profound bone loss. We suggest that reduced TSH signaling contributes to hyperthyroid osteoporosis and that TSH and its receptor could become valuable drug targets.
Motivation and Job Satisfaction in One Government Research and Development Environment

AbstractMany factors affect motivation and job satisfaction in a research and development environment. This study was conducted at a U.S. government research laboratory to determine the factors that are important to motivation and to job satisfaction. Data from researchers and managers were collected and compared. The framework used for this study is Frederick Herzberg's motivation hygiene factor theory. The results demonstrate that with small differences, Herzberg's theory generally applies to this environment. Researchers and managers agreed on the importance of various factors in motivating performance. But they did not agree on the importance of various factors in job satisfaction. More researchers reported lower job satisfaction than managers.
SETTLEMENT IN FLOW: UPSTREAM EXPLORATION OF SUBSTRATA BY WEAKLY SWIMMING LARVAE

Exploration may play a crucial role in habitat choice by larvae of benthic organisms. Experiments testing exploratory behavior of larvae in flow were conducted with cyphonautes larvae of the bryozoan Membranipora membranacea. The response of the larvae to two flow parameters-flow direction and shear (i.e., velocity)-was examined by using two different substratum morphologies (flat plate and cylinder), which induce distinct flow patterns. Settling cyphonautes larvae possess a mechanism of locomotion, in addition to swimming, which may facilitate exploration in flow conditions that otherwise would sweep the larvae away. The results show that cyphonautes larvae are able to explore substrata in all directions in flow velocities that are much faster than their locomotion speeds, and that their preferential motion is upstream. This behavior has been largely ignored to date despite its potential ecological importance. For instance, upstream exploration may enable larvae to locate specific, obligatory settlement sites by tracking waterborne chemicals to their sources.
Complications of Fractures Repaired with Casts and Splints

This article reviews complications seen with external coaptation and the methods to prevent or treat these complications. Complications generally are the result of improper case selection, coaptation application, and postoperative management of the patient. Prevention or, at least, early recognition of a problem are important to optimize the outcome for the patient.
Raymond Pearl memorial lecture, 1989: Cultural practices as determinants of clinical pathology and epidemiology of venereal infections: Implications for predictions about the AIDS epidemic

Sexually transmitted diseases newly introduced into diverse primitive and isolated populations have behaved differently in clinical severity and seriousness of the epidemics they have caused, because of culturally different sexual practices. Epidemic interstitial plasma cell pneumonia in the 1930s-1950s in eastern and northern Europe, caused by Pneumocystis carinii and accompanied by cytomegalovirus infection, was an unexpected AIDS-like epidemic which spread slowly, then quickly and inexplicably disappeared. Newly recognized endemic HTLV-I and epidemic HIV human retrovirus infections are behaving in a fashion similarly difficult to anticipate and predict.
Emergency social services in a pediatric hospital.

Abstract More and more frequently, social workers are being called to serve in emergency rooms. The way in which social workers respond to these requests will be an important factor in determining the future role of social workers in medical settings (Bergman, 1976, p. 39).
Resurgent Islam and Malay rural culture: Malay novelists and the invention of culture

Prominent Malay novelists present Islam as a folk model that structures modern Malay peasant views of the Malaysian political system. Pious Muslim characters in these novels are symbols of the political potential of Islam; the novels themselves reflect a rejection, by many Malays, of democratic models of society that restrict religion to the personal sphere. Islamic resurgence is not solely an expression of social conflict. [Malay culture, Islam, Islamic revival, education, religion]
Characterization of Plastic-Bonded Explosives

Current design emphasis in the weapons community requires the deter mination of the mechanical properties of plastic-bonded explosives. These mechanical properties are difficult to determine due to the physical characteristics of high explosives, namely high solids loading with a plastic binder resulting in a stiff and brittle polymeric material. This paper sum marizes the room temperature mechanical and visual characterization of a representative group of plastic-bonded explosives. These materials are: PBX 9501, an HMX-based explosive; 900-10, an inert mockup; and PBX 9502, a TATB-based insensitive explosive.
Ab Initio and Density Functional Theoretical Studies of Structures, Vibrational Spectra, and Dimerization Dynamics of Simple Transient Germenes†

Structures and harmonic vibrational frequencies for several simple transient germenes, H2GeCH2 (1), MeHGeCH2 (2), Me2GeCH2 (3), FHGeCH2 (4), and H2GeCHF (5), and their dimerization and transition s...
Reduction of disruptively loud voice volume using a “tok-back” device

Abstract This study addressed the disruptively loud voice volume of three adult mentally retarded subjects. A reduction in voice volume was affected through the use of the “tok-back” device, a crescent-shaped device made of lightweight plastic, which when fitted over the face covers the mouth and ears and provides feedback on sounds emitted. In Experiment 1, the tok-back was used with two subjects as an aversive consequence to disruptive screaming. The tok-back was placed over the face after each scream and remained in place until the end of a specified period of quiet. Using a multiple baseline across settings design with each subject, results showed a substantial reduction in screaming following the implementation of the tok-back condition. A multi-element design was used in Experiment 2 to compare the effects of baseline, cueing and tok-back conditions on percent of correct responses, responses given in a soft volume, to simple conversational questions with the third subject. Results showed the tok-back condition to result in a higher percent of correct responding then did either the baseline or cueing conditions.
Numerical Simulation of Nanoindentation and Patch Clamp Experiments on Mechanosensitive Channels of Large Conductance in Escherichia coli

A hierarchical simulation framework that integrates information from all-atom simulations into a finite element model at the continuum level is established to study the mechanical response of a mechanosensitive channel of large conductance (MscL) in bacteria Escherichia coli (E. coli) embedded in a vesicle formed by the dipalmitoylphosphatidycholine (DPPC) lipid bilayer. Sufficient structural details of the protein are built into the continuum model, with key parameters and material properties derived from molecular mechanics simulations. The multi-scale framework is used to analyze the gating of MscL when the lipid vesicle is subjective to nanoindentation and patch clamp experiments, and the detailed structural transitions of the protein are obtained explicitly as a function of external load; it is currently impossible to derive such information based solely on all-atom simulations. The gating pathways of E. coli-MscL qualitatively agree with results from previous patch clamp experiments. The gating mechanisms under complex indentation-induced deformation are also predicted. This versatile hierarchical multi-scale framework may be further extended to study the mechanical behaviors of cells and biomolecules, as well as to guide and stimulate biomechanics experiments.