cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Assessing HF radar data in the New York Harbor: Comparisons with wind, stream gauge and ocean model data sources

The Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS) is operated in 26 regions of the United States including New York/New Jersey Harbor. This system provides observations and predictions of water level, currents, salinity and meteorological parameters that are used by mariners to safely navigate the coastal waters. HF radar surface current measurements are a new data product available in three of the regions. A study was conducted to analyze this new data stream to ensure that is suitable for PORTS. The NOAA Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) using data from the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) has recently released a new HF Radar Surface Currents web product which provides near real time surface current observations and tidal current predictions in estuarine and coastal locations. Two High Frequency radar systems are providing surface current measurements over Lower Bay, just outside New York Harbor. A year long record of surface currents was used to generate tidal harmonics for the region. These harmonics are used to generate surface tidal current predictions along the 1 km grid in Lower Bay. The tidal harmonics were calculated for 37 constituents and analyzed in detail the five major constituents for the region (M2, S2, N2, K1 and O1). The tidal components matched those of previous studies. HF radar is now available in NOAA PORTS and surface current predictions cover approximately 50% of the bay. The use of HF radar in NY/NJ PORTS as well as other IOOS assets will improve navigation in NY Harbor and lead to economic growth for the region.
Abstract B62: Differential influence of vitamin D on the tumor promoting eicosanoid PGE 2

Numerous lines of evidence point to the tumor promoting properties of prostaglandin (PG)E2. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the ability of both vitamin D (vitD) and celecoxib to downregulate the ecisanoid. We hypothesized that the two agents would work synergistically. The purpose of the study was to determine the dose dependent effects of vitD, with or without celecoxib. 24 women were prospectively enrolled and randomized in double blind fashion for one month (postmenopausal) or one menstrual cycle (premenopausal) to one of four daily treatment regimens: placebo, 400 IU vitD, 2000 IU vitD, or 2000 IU vitD + 400 mg celecoxib. Breast nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) and serum were collected. Both breast specific and systemic levels of PGE2 were measured. There was a significant dose dependent increase in 25(OH)D levels (p Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2011;4(10 Suppl):B62.
The role of networks in the european union public health experience

Improving our understanding of how the public health system should be organized is important, because the system's organizational structure makes a significant difference to the public's health. How the system is structured influences a practitioner's ability to respond and the system's capacity to adapt to changing circumstances. In view of the scarce resources society is willing to expend for public health, it is essential to have a structure in place that most appropriately and efficiently allocates those resources. The articles in this issue offer considerable insight from a European context, that deserves attention from US public health practitioners, advocates, and policy makers.
The spatial association between U.S. immigrant residential concentration and environmental hazards

Several studies undertaken over the past decade suggest that minority and lower-income communities are disproportionately exposed to environmental hazards relative to the rest of the U.S. population, resulting in an issue of environmental equity. This research examines the equity issue in relation to the foreign born in the United States, making use of a county-level, nationwide, dataset reflecting sociodemographic characteristics and the presence of several environmental risk factors (toxic releases, hazardous waste generators, and Superfund sites). The results suggest that counties with higher proportions of immigrants and non-English speaking households are characterized by greater numbers of large quantity hazardous waste generators and proposed Superfund sites, two of the three incorporated measures of environmental risk. The later measure demonstrates the strongest relationship with immigrant presence
A statistical GD&T tolerance model for design and manufacturing

Geometric and Dimensional Tolerancing(GDT)is a critical tool for geometric variation control in both design and manufacturing.Due to uncertainties in manufacturing any designed feature cannot be perfectly manufactured.The impact of the variations on critical features to product performances and functions shall be fully understood and controlled.This is accomplished,in dimensional tolerancing,by modeling and replicating the random uncertainties for tolerance design and by monitoring/controlling the variations in manufacturing.Unfortunately,neither available technique nor emerging method is capable of resolving the challenges in statistical GDT tolerancing.To this end,a mode-based mathematic method is developed for statistical GDT tolerancing.It allows tolerance control by characterizing/monitoring variation signals in manufacturing and by conveying/composing the variation patterns in GDT tolerance design simulation.Case studies are provided for validation and demonstration.
Pancreatic collagenase therapy for severe, progressive systemic sclerosis: Effect on skin and on hydroxyproline content in urine

A patient with severe, progressive systemic sclerosis was treated for 7 months with AL-0534, a pancreatic collagenase preparation. With the measurement of hydroxyproline as an index, the results of the urinary output and skin biopsy content suggested that some in vivo enzymatic hydrolysis of body collagen took place during the first 2 months of treatment. Later in the treatment program, the results reverted to pretreatment levels. The failure to maintain improvement clinically, and according to laboratory tests, could be related to several theoretic factors: antibody inactivation of the enzyme, the presence of a small amount of soluble collagen, and low dosage of AL-0534. Further clinical study is needed to evaluate the place of collagenase in the treatment of scleroderma.
Mössbauer Studies of a Dilute Iron in Palladium Alloy in External Magnetic Fields

Iron and cobalt, when dissolved in palladium, form a series of random substitutional ferromagnetic alloys with Curie temperatures ranging over several orders of magnitude. Susceptibility and magnetization measurements1–4 on these alloys indicate that the magnetic moment associated with each iron atom increases from 2.2μ B in pure iron to about 10μ B at zero iron concentration. Mossbauer measurements5 have demonstrated the paramagnetism of exceedingly dilute iron in palladium, and have yielded a moment of 12.6 ± 0.4μ B and a g-factor of 2.0 ± 0.4 corresponding to a spin J = 6.5 ± 1.5 associated with the iron impurities. The large moments presumably arise from polarization of surrounding palladium atoms.
A case of pseudocyesis caused by “roots”

The practice of witchcraft and the idea of curses and hexes are not as foreign to modern medicine and the University Hospital as our sophisticated conceptualizations of illness and therapy lead us to believe. The following case report and discussion dramatizes the presence of such belief systems in the very midst of our urban practices as much as the film “Rosemary’s Baby” suggests that there is the potential for a mystical belief system in many usually rational individuals. Here, we report on a case of a patient with a false pregnancy attributed to “roots.” In our brief contact with this patient, it appeared that the physician's knowledge of this possibility was essential both to the diagnosis and management of the patient’s discomfort.
Dynamic control channel MAC for underwater cognitive acoustic networks

In recent years, the underwater cognitive acoustic network (UCAN) has been advocated as an efficient technique to enhance the utilization of acoustic channel, while not interrupting the activity of marine mammals, sonars and other acoustic users. In cognitive radios, the common control channel (CCC) based media access control (MAC) protocols are very popular for their high reliability, easy implementation and low overhead. However, due to the severe frequency-dependent attenuation of acoustic waves, a UCAN may not have enough bandwidth for CCC. How to prevent the control channel from congesting in a UCAN with heavy traffic should be investigated carefully. With this in mind, we propose a dynamic control channel MAC (DCC-MAC) for distributed UCANs. Nodes in DCC-MAC could adjust the bandwidth of their control channel adaptively based on the situation of network traffic. Whenever acoustic nodes detected the congestion of CCC, they could flexibly select proper data channels to extend the bandwidth of their control channel, and return excessive frequency bands back when the control channel becomes idle. Simulation results show that DCC-MAC could reduce the collision probability among control messages significantly, thereby providing a better network performance in terms of throughput and energy efficiency than conventional cognitive MAC protocols.
Institutional Causes of Economic Underdevelopment in the Middle East: a Historical Perspective

To anyone who knows the Middle East, broadly defined to include North Africa and the Balkans, it is a puzzle that the region became and remains economically underdeveloped. Visit any major city in the region — Cairo, Aleppo, Istanbul — and you will encounter big covered bazaars, centuries old. Istanbul’s stunning Grand Bazaar, whose core was built in the 1460s, boasts more than 4000 shops. Wandering in its vaulted streets, you appreciate the major commercial centres that the region has had. Travellers and resident foreigners of the sixteenth century marvelled at the size of the markets and at the variety of commodities traded. They were also impressed by the prevailing living standards. None considered the region economically backward. Admittedly, some foreigners were critical of Islam, or of ‘the Turk’ who by then ruled much of the region, or of handicaps endured by visiting merchants. However, informed foreigners did not consider Islam inimical to wealth creation or the region’s institutions harmful to economic activity.
Effects of Microcultural Environments of Violence on Resilient Responses Among Adolescents and Young Adults in the City of Itagui, Colombia

In this chapter we examine how the culture of violence in Itagui, Colombia, and the culture of specific comunas (areas of the city) both support and obstruct resilience processes. Three hundred and ninety-five youth and young adults aged 13 to 30 from six comunas participated in a household survey assessing risk and protective factors in individual, family, peer, and community domains, as well as indicators of adjustment. Our results indicate that the comunas differed significantly in terms of level of violence and supports available to youth and families. At the individual level, participants who attended religious services more regularly, reported more feelings of security, and described their families as being more cohesive, were less likely to report behaving aggressively or using alcohol or marijuana in the context of high community violence relative to participants who attended religious services infrequently, felt less secure, and resided in less cohesive homes. Further, religious attendance, family cohesion, and perceived security each had strong negative associations with aggressive behaviour and substance use, indicating that these factors were beneficial even in the absence of violence exposure. Findings show that these culturally-relevant factors which operate at the individual, family, and community levels are important in promoting resilience.
Modeling and Designing Health Care Payment Innovations for Medical Imaging

Payment innovations that better align incentives in health care are a promising approach to reduce health care costs and improve quality of care. Designing effective payment systems, however, is challenging due to the complexity of the health care system with its many stakeholders and their often conflicting objectives. There is a lack of mathematical models that can comprehensively capture and efficiently analyze the complex, multi-level interactions and thereby predict the effect of new payment systems on stakeholder decisions and system-wide outcomes. To address the need for multi-level health care models, we apply multiscale decision theory (MSDT) and build upon its recent advances. In this paper, we specifically study the Medicare Shared Savings Program (MSSP) for Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) and determine how this incentive program affects computed tomography (CT) use, and how it could be redesigned to minimize unnecessary CT scans. The model captures the multi-level interactions, decisions and outcomes for the key stakeholders, i.e., the payer, ACO, hospital, primary care physicians, radiologists and patients. Their interdependent decisions are analyzed game theoretically, and equilibrium solutions - which represent stakeholders' normative decision responses - are derived. Our results provide decision-making insights for the payer on how to improve MSSP, for ACOs on how to distribute MSSP incentives among their members, and for hospitals on whether to invest in new CT imaging systems.
Nutrient Requirements: What They Are and Bases for Recommendations

Biblical references to the essential nature of food for the survival of mankind offer evidence of our persistent concern with nourishment and the quality of life which we enjoy. Food, as consumed by the average, healthy individual, satisfies not only hunger but also a number of other needs, i. e., physiological, psychological, and social. In addition, the specific requirements for nutrients depend on the individual biochemistry, on the ability to digest food properly, and on the efficiency of nutrient absorption and metabolism. It becomes evident that although food is essential to life, there are differences in the amount of nutrients individuals require for survival and well-being.
Non-Euclidean geometry

Surprisingly, the geometry of curved surfaces throws light on the geometry of the plane. More than 2000 years after Euclid formulated axioms for plane geometry, differential geometry showed that the parallel axiom does not follow from the other axioms of Euclid. It had long been hoped that the parallel axiom followed from the others, but no proof had ever been found. In particular, no contradiction had been derived from the contrary hypothesis, P 2, that there is more than one parallel to a given line through a given point. In the 1820s, Bolyai and Lobachevsky proposed that the consequences of P 2 be accepted as a new kind of geometry—non-Euclidean geometry. To prove that no contradiction follows from P 2, however, one needs to find a model for P 2 and the other axioms of Euclid. One seeks a mathematical structure, containing objects called “points” and “lines,” that satisfies Euclid’s axioms with P 2 in place of the parallel axiom. Such a structure was first found by Beltrami (1868a), in the form of a surface of constant negative curvature with geodesics as its “lines.” By various mappings of this surface, Beltrami found other models, including a projective model in which “lines” are line segments in the unit disk, and conformal models in which “angles” are ordinary angles. Finally, Poincare (1882) showed that Beltrami’s conformal models arise naturally in complex analysis. Papers had already been published with pictures of patterns of non-Euclidean “lines,” most notably Schwarz (1872). Thus, non-Euclidean geometry was actually a part of existing mathematics, but a part whose geometric nature had not previously been understood.
School mathematics as a creative enterprise

In this article, I discuss how teaching of mathematics can develop and encourage creative thinking, not only in mathematics, but also in general. I begin by discussing creativity as a habit that teachers can help students develop. Then I briefly present the investment theory of creativity. The basic idea of the investment theory is that creative individuals are willing to “buy low and sell high” in the world of ideas—in other words, they are willing to take intellectual risks and to challenge conventional beliefs. Next I describe specific ways in which mathematics teachers can develop creative thinking through classroom activities. Finally, I draw some conclusions.
Abstract P033: β-Adrenergic Signaling Mediates Cardiac Stem Cell Survival

Rationale: Adrenergic activity serves to increase acute cardiac contractility but chronic adrenergic drive is detrimental. Conventional therapy relies heavily on blockade of the α-adrenergic system; however, the cellular basis for improvement resulting from the treatment with α-Blockers remains obscure. Objective: Demonstrate that the beneficial effect of long term α-blockade therapy is dependent, in part, upon restoration of regenerative capacity for the endogenous cardiac stem cell (CSCs) population. Methods and Results: Mouse CSCs express only α2 adrenergic receptor (α2-AR) in conjunction with stem cell marker c-kit as assessed by qRT-PCR and immunoblot. Activation of α2-AR signaling by the specific α2-agonist fenoterol (1µM) improves proliferation and increases protective signaling associated with elevated levels of pAkt/Akt, eNOS, cyclin D and decreased levels of GRK2. Conversely, CSCs treated with α2-AR antagonists (siα2-AR, ICI118, 551) exhibit impaired proliferation. Although CSCs lack α1-AR under normal proliferative conditions, co-culture of CSCs with neonatal rat cardiomyocytes promotes expression of α1-AR concurrent with loss of c-kit and expression of lineage commitment cardiac markers such as cTnT, SERCA2a, MLC-2v, SMA as measured by species-specific primers with qRT-PCR. Co-cultured CSCs became sensitized to isoproterenol-induced cell death that is abrogated by administration of the specific α1-antagonist (metoprolol, 1µM). Involvement of α1-AR in catecholamine-induced apoptosis was further confirmed by genetically engineering CSCs with αARK-ct-GFP, a GFP fused version of the peptide shown to rescue cardiac function by normalizing α-adrenergic signaling. αARK-Ct over-expressing CSCs acquired α1-AR after co-culture but were protected against isoproterenol-induced cell death. Conclusion; α2-AR signaling leads to CSC activation and proliferation that is beneficial, but induction of cellular differentiation leads to expression of α1-AR that is proapoptotic when stimulated with adrenergic treatment. The apoptotic effect of α1-AR signaling in CSCs can be mitigated by engineering of cells with αARK-ct, providing a novel molecular strategy to promote regeneration in the pathologically injured myocardium.
Shifts in the relationship between motor unit recruitment thresholds versus derecruitment thresholds during fatigue.

Abstract Muscle fatigue is associated with diminished twitch force amplitude. We examined changes in the motor unit recruitment versus derecruitment threshold relationship during fatigue. Nine men (mean age = 26 years) performed repeated isometric contractions at 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) knee extensor force until exhaustion. Surface electromyographic signals were detected from the vastus lateralis, and were decomposed into their constituent motor unit action potential trains. Motor unit recruitment and derecruitment thresholds and firing rates at recruitment and derecruitment were evaluated at the beginning, middle, and end of the protocol. On average, 15 motor units were studied per contraction. For the initial contraction, three subjects showed greater recruitment thresholds than derecruitment thresholds for all motor units. Five subjects showed greater recruitment thresholds than derecruitment thresholds for only low-threshold motor units at the beginning, with a mean cross-over of 31.6% MVC. As the muscle fatigued, many motor units were derecruited at progressively higher forces. In turn, decreased slopes and increased y-intercepts were observed. These shifts were complemented by increased firing rates at derecruitment relative to recruitment. As the vastus lateralis fatigued, the central nervous system's compensatory adjustments resulted in a shift of the regression line of the recruitment versus derecruitment threshold relationship.
Performing a BLAST search of the STRSeq BioProject

Abstract At the 27th ISFG meeting in Seoul, we presented STRSeq, a catalog of high-confidence sequences at forensic short tandem repeat (STR) loci targeted in commercially available sequencing assays. This project was initiated to facilitate the description of sequence-based alleles, providing a framework for communication among laboratories. The STRSeq catalog is maintained at NCBI, in the form of GenBank records organized in a BioProject hierarchy. Herein we describe a method by which a user can query this catalog using the NCBI BLAST application.
P12 Surgical decision making for ankle instability

Ankle instability may be the result of chronic ankle injuries and sprains. Surgical indications for lateral ankle stabilisation include persistent pain and functional disability such as recurrent sprains and instability. Surgical decision making for ankle instability involves an evaluation of anatomical predisposing factors, clinical exam findings, radiographic imaging, and treatment of associated injuries and conditions. Anatomical predisposing factors include hindfoot varus and generalised ligamentous laxity conditions. Associated injuries and conditions can be classified as intra and extra-articular. These include peroneal tendon injuries, osteochondral defects of the talus, posterior and lateral joint impingement. Surgical options for reconstruction include anatomical direct repair, anatomical reconstruction with use of autograft or allograft, non-anatomical lateral ligament reconstruction, and arthroscopic ligament repair. Adjunct procedures include ankle and foot osteotomies, ankle joint arthroscopy and the use of biologics are also reviewed. Guidelines are provided to assist clinicians in the surgical decision making of patients with lateral ankle instability.
Intermuscular Adipose Tissue and Subclinical Coronary Artery Calcification in Midlife: The CARDIA Study (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults).

Objective—Excess deposition of fat within and around vital organs and nonadipose tissues is hypothesized to contribute to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. We evaluated the association of abdomina...
A study of web privacy policies across industries

Today, more than ever, companies collect their customers’ Personally Identifiable Information (PII) over the Internet. The alarming rate of PII misuse drives the need for improving companies’ priva...
Effectiveness of a Method for Teaching Self-Compassion to Communication Sciences and Disorders Graduate Students

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of a daily mindfulness practice and 2 types of journaling on participants' development of self-compassion. Method This was a between-grou...
Analysis of RNA-Seq Data Using TEtranscripts

Transposable elements (TE) are mobile genetic elements that can readily change their genomic position. When not properly silenced, TEs can contribute a substantial portion to the cell's transcriptome, but are typically ignored in most RNA-seq data analyses. One reason for leaving TE-derived reads out of RNA-seq analyses is the complexities involved in properly aligning short sequencing reads to these highly repetitive regions. Here we describe a method for including TE-derived reads in RNA-seq differential expression analysis using an open source software package called TEtranscripts. TEtranscripts is designed to assign both uniquely and ambiguously mapped reads to all possible gene and TE-derived transcripts in order to statistically infer the correct gene/TE abundances. Here, we provide a detailed tutorial of TEtranscripts using a published qPCR validated dataset.Barbara McClintock laid the foundation for TE research with her discoveries in maize of mobile genetic elements capable of inserting into novel locations in the genome, altering the expression of nearby genes [1]. Since then, our appreciation of the contribution of repetitive TE-derived sequences to eukaryotic genomes has vastly increased. With the publication of the first human genome draft by the Human Genome Project, it was determined that nearly half of the human genome is derived from TE sequences [2, 3], with varying levels of repetitive DNA present in most plant and animal species. More recent studies looking at distantly related TE-like sequences have estimated that up to two thirds of the human genome might be repeat-derived [4], with the vast majority of these sequences attributed to retrotransposons that require transcription as part of the mobilization process, as discussed below.
Dynamic Evolution of 2D Layers within Perovskite Nanocrystals via Salt Pair Extraction and Reinsertion

Metal halide perovskite (MHP) semiconductors exhibit unprecedented optoelectronic properties coupled with low formation energies that enable scalable, cost-efficient solution processing. The low formation energies additionally facilitate dynamic transformation of the chemical composition and crystal structure of the MHP material. In this work, we show that CsBr salt is selectively extracted from CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs) to yield PbBr2 NCs. The PbBr2 NCs are then exposed to different glacial acetic acid ABr salt solutions to generate a variety of emissive compounds with the generic structure A′2An–1PbnBr3n–1X′2, where A = cesium (Cs+), methylammonium (MA+), formamidinium (FA+); A′ = A or H+; X′ = Br– or acetate (CH3COO–); and n is the number of lead halide layers, where n = 1, 2, 3, ...∞. We systematically vary the ratios of PbBr2/ABr/CH3COOH and show that certain ratios result in isolable single-phase APbBr3 NCs—an effective A-site cation exchange from the parent CsPbBr3 NCs. Importantly, time-resolved ...
A New Approach to Acoustic Tomography Using Diffraction Techniques

A method is presented for the three-dimensional reconstruction of objects from their two-dimensional profiles obtained by ultrasonic imaging techniques. This method uses a perturbation approximation to the propagating field to solve for the ultrasonic velocity distribution based on the wave equation. In this technique, no assumptions are made about the ultrasonic ray geometries. Furthermore, the reconstruction is carried out in the frequency domain, making the method also computationally efficient. Some numerical simulation results are presented.
Indexing network voronoi diagrams

The Network Voronoi diagram and its variants have been extensively used in the context of numerous applications in road networks, particularly to efficiently evaluate various spatial proximity queries such as k nearest neighbor (kNN), reverse kNN, and closest pair. Although the existing approaches successfully utilize the network Voronoi diagram as a way to partition the space for their specific problems, there is little emphasis on how to efficiently find and access the network Voronoi cell containing a particular point or edge of the network. In this paper, we study the index structures on network Voronoi diagrams that enable exact and fast response to contain query in road networks. We show that existing index structures, treating a network Voronoi cell as a simple polygon, may yield inaccurate results due to the network topology, and fail to scale to large networks with numerous Voronoi generators. With our method, termed Voronoi-Quad-tree (or VQ-tree for short), we use Quad-tree to index network Voronoi diagrams to address both of these shortcomings. We demonstrate the efficiency of VQ-tree via experimental evaluations with real-world datasets consisting of a variety of large road networks with numerous data objects.
Deep inelastic scattering on an extremal Reissner-Nordström-AdS black hole. I.

We consider deep inelastic scattering (DIS) on a large nucleus described as an extremal Reissner-Nordstr\"om-AdS black hole using the holographic principle. Using the R-current correlators we determine the structure functions as a function Bjorken-x, and map it on a finite but large nucleus with fixed atomic number. The R-ratios of the nuclear structure functions exhibit strong shadowing at low-x.
Why do A·T and G·C self-sort? Hückel aromaticity as a driving force for electronic complementarity in base pairing

Density functional theory computations and block-localized wavefunction analyses for 57 hydrogen-bonded base pairs document excellent linear correlation between the gas-phase association energies and the degree of aromaticity gain of paired bases (r = 0.949), challenging prevailing views of factors that underlie the proposed electronic complementarity of A·T(U) and G·C base pairs. Base pairing interactions can polarize the π-electrons of interacting bases to increase (or decrease) cyclic 4n + 2π electron delocalization, resulting in aromaticity gain (or loss) in the paired bases, and become strengthened (or weakened). The potential implications of this reciprocal relationship for improving nucleic acid force-fields and for designing robust unnatural base pairs are discussed.
Consuming Genistein Improves Survival Rates in the Absence of Laxative in ΔF508-CF Female Mice

Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone found in soy. Genistein has been shown to increase the open probability of the most common cystic fibrosis (CF) disease-associated mutation, ∆F508-CFTR. Mice homozygous for the ∆F508 mutation are characterized with severe intestinal disease and require constant laxative treatment for survival. This pathology mimics the intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus) seen in some cystic fibrosis patients. This study tested whether dietary supplementation with genistein would reduce the dependence of the ∆F508 CF mouse model on laxatives for survival, thereby improving mortality rates. At weaning (21 days), homozygous ∆F508 mice were maintained on one of three diet regimens for a period of up to 65 days: normal diet, normal diet plus colyte, or genistein diet. Survival rates for males were as follows: standard diet (38%, n = 21), standard diet plus colyte (83%, n = 42) and genistein diet (60%, n = 15). Survival rates for females were as follows: standard diet (47%, n = 19), standard diet plus colyte (71%, n = 38), and genistein diet (87%, n = 15). Average weight of male mice fed genistein diet increased by ~2.5 g more (p = 0.006) compared to those with colyte treatment. Genistein diet did not change final body weight of females. Expression of intestinal SGLT-1 increased 2-fold (p = 0.0005) with genistein diet in females (no change in males, p = 0.722). Expression of GLUT2 and GLUT5 was comparable between all diet groups. Genistein diet reduced the number of goblet cells per micrometer of crypt depth in female (p = 0.0483), yet was without effect in males (p = 0.7267). The results from this study demonstrate that supplementation of diet with genistein for ~45 days increases the survival rate of female ∆F508-CF mice (precluding the requirement for laxatives), and genistein only improves weight gain in males.
Re-politicizing Documentary Footage from the Transición in Spain: Images, Representation and the Digital Age

The 2008 financial debacle and the resulting protracted socio-political crisis have found political expression in the recent documentaries of a new generation of Spanish film-makers. Their body of work conceptualizes their current political struggles by mirroring visual accounts of the 1970s that were excluded from the dominant discourses on the Spanish transition to democracy. Many of these documentary film-makers openly borrow images from that period, and by appropriating and re-politicizing this previously unseen footage from the Transicion, they expose the deficiencies of the process and the latter’s tenacious impact on Spain’s democracy. This essay will examine strategies of appropriation from a regional perspective by analysing four documentaries from Andalusia, Galicia, Catalonia and the Basque Country respectively: El caso ‘Rocio’ (Jose Luis Tirado, 2013) Cine Clube Carlos Varela (Ramiro Ledo Cordeiro, 2005), La matanca del porc (Isaki Lacuesta, 2012) and Democraticos tiranos (a collective work produced by Chema Mascarena, 2013).
How should compilers explain problems to developers

Compilers primarily give feedback about problems to developers through the use of error messages. Unfortunately, developers routinely find these messages to be confusing and unhelpful. In this paper, we postulate that because error messages present poor explanations, theories of explanation---such as Toulmin's model of argument---can be applied to improve their quality. To understand how compilers should present explanations to developers, we conducted a comparative evaluation with 68 professional software developers and an empirical study of compiler error messages found in Stack Overflow questions across seven different programming languages. Our findings suggest that, given a pair of error messages, developers significantly prefer the error message that employs proper argument structure over a deficient argument structure when neither offers a resolution---but will accept a deficient argument structure if it provides a resolution to the problem. Human-authored explanations on Stack Overflow converge to one of the three argument structures: those that provide a resolution to the error, simple arguments, and extended arguments that provide additional evidence for the problem. Finally, we contribute three practical design principles to inform the design and evaluation of compiler error messages.
Long-Term Outcomes of Carotid Endarterectomy and Carotid Artery Stenting When Performed by a Single Vascular Surgeon.

Objectives:Carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) are 2 effective treatment options for carotid revascularization and stroke prevention. The long-term outcomes of Car...
A Generalizable Data Assembly Algorithm for Modeling Ebola Virus Disease in the Eastern DR Congo

Background. Over the last 19 months, the Democratic Republic of the Congo has reported approximately 3000 cases of Ebola virus disease (EVD). Since August 2018, an experimental vaccine has been deployed to curb transmission. Methods. A generalizable data assembly algorithm was developed to automatically curate publicly available cumulative reported case count and vaccine deployment data from the Ministere de la Sante. The Incidence Decay and Exponential Adjustment model was then used to estimate basic and observed reproduction numbers associated with the outbreak for three health zones that have been most affected as well as for the country as a whole. Reproduction number estimates at the national level were paired with a sensitivity analysis to assess immunization rates and to project end-of-year case counts under three different transmission scenarios. Findings. Basic and observed reproduction number estimates at the national level range from 1.13 to 1.99 and from 1.06 to 1.34, respectively. These estimates suggest that approximately 2% to 20% of the affected population across the country has thus far been effectively immunized against EVD and that the outbreak would likely be 4–34 times greater in size today had the vaccine not been deployed. Assuming no changes in transmission dynamics, we estimate that the expected cumulative case count will range between 3479 and 4249 by late December 2019; alternative transmission dynamics scenarios result in lesser and greater case count estimates. Interpretation. Transmission dynamics associated with the outbreak suggest that though the experimental vaccine has likely helped curb the spread of EVD, the outbreak may continue into 2020. Data assembly algorithms like the one presented here will continue to prove useful as this outbreak and others like it persist. Funding. Research reported in this work was supported by the National Institutes of Health through an NIH Director’s New Innovator Award DP2-MD012722.
A Descriptive Analysis of an Ambulatory Kidney Palliative Care Program.

Background: Many patients with serious kidney disease have an elevated symptom burden, high mortality, and poor quality of life. Palliative care has the potential to address these problems, yet nep...
HABIT efficacy and sustainability trial, a multi-center randomized controlled trial to improve hydroxyurea adherence in youth with sickle cell disease: A study protocol

Hydroxyurea (HU) is recommended as standard practice for youth with sickle cell disease (SCD). Yet, despite its efficacy, HU adherence in adolescents and young adults is often poor. Poor medication adherence increases disease burden, healthcare cost and widens health disparities. Adolescence is a critical time to improve adherence through improved chronic disease self-management. This study aims to test the efficacy of an intervention delivered to youth/parent dyads by community health workers (CHWs), augmented by tailored text messages on HU adherence (primary outcome). Secondary outcomes are intervention sustainability, youth health-related quality of life, self-management responsibility concordance, acute hospital use and self-reported disease symptoms. Hydroxyurea Adherence for Personal Best in Sickle Cell Disease, “HABIT,” is a 12 month multi-center randomized controlled trial. One hundred four youth, 10 to 18 years of age prescribed HU who meet eligibility criteria, enrolled with their parent as dyads, will be randomized 1:1 to either the HABIT intervention or to usual clinical care plus education handouts. All subjects will complete clinic visits at months 0, 2, 4, 6 (efficacy component), 9 and 12 (sustainability component) for assessment of HbF biomarker, other hematologic parameters, and to complete questionnaires. In addition, dyads assigned to the HABIT intervention will work with CHWs to identify a daily habit (e.g., brushing teeth) on which to build a HU adherence habit. Tailored daily text message reminders to support the habit will be developed by the dyad in collaboration with the CHWs and sent to parent and youth. At the 6 month visit, the intervention will end and the sustainability portion of the trial will begin. All data analyses will be based on intention to treat with all randomized subjects included in the analyses. Prior retrospective studies demonstrate that a majority of adolescents are poorly adherent to HU. If efficacious, the HABIT intervention has the potential to improve the lives of youth with SCD. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT03462511 . Registered March 6, 2018, last updated July 26, 2019.
Police integration and support for anti-government violence in divided societies: Evidence from Iraq:

How does the demographic makeup of the police affect violent conflict in divided societies? I argue that following a shift in relative group power, integrating the police rank-and-file addresses in...
Experimental studies and time-domain simulation of a hinged-type wave energy converter in regular waves

This paper presents the design concept of a hinged-type wave energy converter, Sea Wave Energy Extraction Device (SeaWEED), and associated numerical and experimental studies of its performance in regular waves. The device is considered as an improved attenuator. A SeaWEED unit consists of four modules that are connected by rigid truss structures. The four-module array includes a non-energy producing nose module in the front, followed by two energy producing modules, and another non-energy producing module at the rear. A potential-flow-based time-domain program with the Lagrange multiplier approach was developed to simulate the dynamics of multiple constrained bodies. Model tests of a 1:35 scale model with and without the power take-off (PTO) units were carried out to validate the numerical method. Friction dampers were designed and manufactured to mimic the PTO units. The validated time-domain method was applied to predict the absorbed power by the device in regular waves.
On the Choice of Kernel Function in Nonlocal Wave Propagation

It is a challenge to choose the appropriate kernel function in nonlocal problems. We tackle this challenge from the aspect of nonlocal wave propagation and study the dispersion relation at the analytical level. The kernel function enters the formulation as an input. Any effort to narrow down this function family is valuable. Dispersion relations of the nonlocal governing operators are identified. Using a Taylor expansion, a selection criterion is devised to determine the kernel function that provides the best approximation to the classical (linear) dispersion relation. The criterion is based on selecting the smallest coefficient in magnitude of the dominant term in the Taylor expansion after the constant term. The governing operators are constructed using functional calculus, which provides the explicit expression of the eigenvalues of the operators. The ability to express eigenvalues explicitly allows us to obtain dispersion relations at the analytical level, thereby isolating the effect of discretization on the dispersion relation. With the presence of expressions of eigenvalues of the governing operator, the analysis is clear and accessible. The choices made to obtain the best approximation to the classical dispersion relation become completely transparent. We find that the truncated Gaussian family is the most effective compared to power and rational function families.
The Mitochondrial Genomes of the Nudibranch Mollusks, Melibe leonina and Tritonia diomedea, and Their Impact on Gastropod Phylogeny

The phylogenetic relationships among certain groups of gastropods have remained unresolved in recent studies, especially in the diverse subclass Opisthobranchia, where nudibranchs have been poorly represented. Here we present the complete mitochondrial genomes of Melibe leonina and Tritonia diomedea (more recently named T. tetraquetra), two nudibranchs from the unrepresented Cladobranchia group, and report on the resulting phylogenetic analyses. Both genomes coded for the typical thirteen protein-coding genes, twenty-two transfer RNAs, and two ribosomal RNAs seen in other species. The twelve-nucleotide deletion previously reported for the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene in several other Melibe species was further clarified as three separate deletion events. These deletions were not present in any opisthobranchs examined in our study, including the newly sequenced M. leonina or T. diomedea, suggesting that these previously reported deletions may represent more recently divergent taxa. Analysis of the secondary structures for all twenty-two tRNAs of both M. leonina and T. diomedea indicated truncated d arms for the two serine tRNAs, as seen in some other heterobranchs. In addition, the serine 1 tRNA in T. diomedea contained an anticodon not yet reported in any other gastropod. For phylogenetic analysis, we used the thirteen protein-coding genes from the mitochondrial genomes of M. leonina, T. diomedea, and seventy-one other gastropods. Phylogenetic analyses were performed for both the class Gastropoda and the subclass Opisthobranchia. Both Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses resulted in similar tree topologies. In the Opisthobranchia, the five orders represented in our study were monophyletic (Anaspidea, Cephalaspidea, Notaspidea, Nudibranchia, Sacoglossa). In Gastropoda, two of the three traditional subclasses, Opisthobranchia and Pulmonata, were not monophyletic. In contrast, four of the more recently named gastropod clades (Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, Caenogastropoda, and Heterobranchia) were all monophyletic, and thus appear to be better classifications for this diverse group.
Dry Electrode Based Low-power ECG Acquisition System with Adaptive Motion Artifacts Cancellation

Wearable wireless smart ECG sensing system has been a promising technology given that medical health monitoring is growing widely and ubiquitously. An effective ECG monitoring system can diagnose and detect any abnormalities from the gleaned data. This paper proposes a low-power ECG acquisition system using wearable nodes that cancels the motion artifacts caused by physical movements such as walking and running. The adaptive motion artifacts cancellation technique can be utilized to achieve reliable ECG signals. 12 wt% multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane (MWCNT/PDMS) composite based dry electrodes along with an on-chip amplifier are used to record the ECG without creating patient discomfort. The ECG sensing system along with the artifacts cancellation features is designed in standard 180 nm CMOS process. A two-stage ECG amplifier achieves a gain of 38 dB occupying 0.1 Hz - 1 kHz frequency bandwidth. An 8-bit SAR-ADC and an on-off keying modulated transmitter are also designed in the MICS band followed by the least mean square (LMS)-adaptive filter. The whole system shows to acquire ECG data wirelessly with efficient power performance and a high signal-to-noise ratio of 42 dB of the filtered signal, which is an 8% improvement compared to the raw ECG data.
Is The United States A Lucky Survivor: A Hierarchical Bayesian Approach

Is the US equity performance an exception rather than the norm? With data on stock market returns from a cross-section of 55 countries in the past century, we find that the US equity return is subject to little survivorship bias. A global CAPM fits surprisingly well in the cross-section of countries. Nonetheless, the US stock market does appear exceptional in terms of geometric returns rather than arithmetic returns. We model the subjective crash belief of an investor who infers the crash risk in the US by cross learning from other countries. The investor distinguishes between idiosyncratic and systematic crash risk and identifies a structural break in the magnitude of the systematic risk at the turn of the century. The crash belief in the US shows a persistent and widening divergence from the implied global average. The secular decline in the US crash risk implies that a part of the measured equity premium is due to surprises from updating positively on future price-dividend ratios rather than compensation for risk.
Molecular Outflows in Galaxy Merger Simulations with Embedded AGN

We study the effects of feedback from active galactic nuclei (AGN) on emission from molecular gas in galaxy mergers by combining hydrodynamic simulations which include black holes with a three-dimensional, non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) radiative transfer code. We find that molecular clouds entrained in AGN winds produce an extended CO morphology with significant off-nuclear emission, which may be detectable via contour mapping. Furthermore, kinematic signatures of these molecular outflows are visible in emission line profiles when the outflow has a large line of sight velocity. Our results can help interpret current and upcoming observations of luminous infrared galaxies, as well as provide a detailed test of subresolution prescriptions for supermassive black hole growth in galaxy-scale hydrodynamic simulations.
Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast: A potential morphologic and molecular pitfall in the era of genomic risk stratification

Abstract Pleomorphic adenoma of the breast is a rare, salivary-type tumor which can be misdiagnosed as invasive ductal carcinoma due to the morphologic and immunophenotypic overlap between these two entities. We report a pleomorphic adenoma of the breast initially misdiagnosed as estrogen receptor (ER)-positive low-grade invasive ductal carcinoma, a classification error which prompted genomic risk stratification with Oncotype Dx testing. This produced a high-risk recurrence score suggesting possible chemotherapeutic benefit. The patient was therefore scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy following lumpectomy. However, fortunately this plan was halted when the final diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma was rendered on the resection specimen. This is the only reported case of genomic risk stratification being performed on a salivary-type breast tumor in the literature, and it demonstrates the clinical implications of this misdiagnosis.