cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells, Neural Progenitors, and Engineered Stem Cells

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs ) have the unique potential to form every cell type in the body. This potential provides opportunities for generating human progenitors and other differentiated cell types for understanding human development and for use in cell type-specific therapies. Equally important is the ability to engineer stem cells and their derived progenitors to mimic specific disease models. This chapter will focus on the propagation and characterization of human neural progenitors (hNPs ) derived from hPSCs with a particular focus on engineering hNPs to generate in vitro disease models for human neuro-mitochondrial disorders. We will discuss the methodologies for culturing and characterizing hPSCs and hNPs; and protocols for engineering hNPs by using a novel mitochondrial transfection technology.
Vitamin D Status and Multiple Sclerosis Relapse

Researchers at University of California, San Francisco, and State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY consecutively recruited patients with pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis into a prospective cohort to determine if vitamin D status is associated with the rate of subsequent clinical relapses.
Impact of insurance status on ability to return for outpatient management of pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures

Abstract Purpose Outcomes are excellent following surgical management of displaced supracondylar humerus fractures. Short delays until surgical fixation have been shown to be equivalent to immediate fixation with regards to complications. We hypothesized that insurance coverage may impact access to care and the patient’s ability to return to the operating room for outpatient surgery. Methods A retrospective review of supracondylar humerus fractures treated at a large urban pediatric hospital from 2008 to 2012 was performed. Fractures were classified by the modified Gartland classification and baseline demographics were collected. Time from discharge to office visits and subsequent surgical fixation was calculated for all type II fractures discharged from the emergency department. Insurance status and primary carrier were collected for all patients. Results 2584 supracondylar humerus fractures were reviewed, of which 584 were type II fractures. Of the 577 type II fractures with complete records, 383 patien...
Secure localization schemes in sensor networks

The accuracy of location information is critical for many applications of wireless sensor networks (WSN), especially those used in hostile environments where malicious adversaries can be present. Since it is impractical to have a GPS device on each sensor in WSN, most of the existing location discovery schemes can only be used in the trusted environment. Recently, some advanced research has addressed security issues in sensor network localization, but to the best of our knowledge, none of them has completely solved the secure localization problem. In this paper, we propose novel schemes for secure localization in sensor networks. One of these proposed schemes requires only linear computation time with respect to the number of reference nodes. Our security analysis has shown that our schemes are applicable and resilient to attacks from adversaries. We have further conducted simulations to analyze the performance of these schemes.
Tiotropium in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Gender differences in outcomes

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may impact men and women differently. Aims and objectives: To investigate differences in outcomes by gender in patients with COPD. Methods: TIOtropium Safety and Performance In Respimat ® (TIOSPIR ® ) was a randomized trial comparing tiotropium Respimat ® 5 or 2.5 µg with tiotropium HandiHaler ® 18 µg. Based on the similar efficacy and safety results in the primary analysis, treatment arms were pooled and differences in baseline characteristics and outcomes by gender were determined. Results: Of 17,116 patients from TIOSPIR ® , 72% were men and 29% women. At baseline, men had a longer smoking history (46 versus 39 pack-years) but fewer were current smokers (36% versus 44%), more severe disease (GOLD Stage III/IV, 53% versus 44%), more cardiac history (28% versus 21%) (all P P P =0.041) and death (0.73 [0.64, 0.83]) were lower than in men, including lower risks of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) (0.75 [0.62, 0.90]) and fatal MACE (0.55 [0.41, 0.72]). When patients from Asia were excluded, women had a similar risk of severe exacerbation compared with men but were at higher risk of any exacerbation and lower risk of dying. Conclusions: In TIOSPIR ® , female patients with COPD were more likely to exacerbate than men but were less likely to die. This could be partly explained by their less advanced disease and lower concomitant cardiac disease at baseline.
DIC with Ulcerative Colitis: The Combined Effects of Prothrombin G20210A, APC Resistance, and Endotoxemia⇒.

Abstract Thrombosis is a recognized complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In contrast disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has rarely been described with IBD, and then only during periods of intense disease activity or during colectomy. However, we recently encountered a young woman with a 3-year history of ulcerative colitis (UC) and a 10-year history of recurrent thrombosis who presented with DIC when her disease appeared to be well controlled. For the previous two months she had been forced to discontinue her usual warfarin because of extreme over anticoagulation and extensive ecchymoses. Otherwise she felt well and was working full time. When she presented to us, the following laboratory data were obtained: pro time 18.7s, aPTT 43.6s, fibrinogen 56 mg/dL, D-dimer 8–16 μg/mL, platelet count 123K/μL, thrombin-antithrombin complexes 47 μg/mL (nl, 1.3–4.0), plasma endotoxin 6.3 EU/mL (control 0.1), positive prothrombin G20210A heterozygosity, negative FVLeiden, but positive APC resistance. Antithrombin, protein C, protein S, and homocysteine were within normal limits. Extensive imaging studies failed to reveal evidence of malignancy or venous malformations. The patient was treated with 1 mg/kg/d enoxaparin with resolution of her ecchymoses and normalization of her laboratory values. Subsequently we exposed cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to our patient's serum and assayed HUVEC lysates for tissue factor. After a 2 hour incubation a 20% dilution of her serum increased the tissue factor in the HUVECs to a level twice that observed with serum from a normal donor. Furthermore, the effect of her serum was negated by the addition of 1 μg/mL polymyxin-B, which specifically inhibits endotoxin. Discussion: Prothrombin G20210A, APC resistance, and UC are individually associated with an increase risk of thrombosis. However, the combination of all 3 factors in our patient apparently led to an intense degree of hypercoagulability that provoked not only recurrent thrombosis but DIC. Furthermore, the contribution of UC to her hypercoagulability may have been mediated by endotoxin diffusing from her inflamed bowel and upregulating tissue factor in her endothelium and/or monocytes. Because this patient's recurrent thromboses predated her diagnosis of UC by 7 years, we suggest that occult IBD should be considered in the evaluation of idiopathic thrombophilia.
Pathology and Tissue Distribution of an LPAI H5N8 of North American Lineage Isolated from an Outbreak in Commercial Japanese Quail (Coturnix c. japonica) in the Central Valley of California

SUMMARY This report describes the pathology and tissue distribution of avian influenza (AI) antigens by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the tissues of commercial layer quail from a natural outbreak of low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) H5N8. LPAI virus H5N8 of North American lineage was diagnosed in commercial Japanese quail hens (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in California based on serology, reverse-transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction, virus isolation, and sequencing. The sudden increase in mortality in a flock of laying quail hens had prompted the submission of 15 live and 5 dead, 10- to 15-wk-old quail to the California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System, Turlock branch in the beginning of April 2014. There was mild bilateral swelling of the eyelids and greenish diarrhea in 4/15 live quail submitted. On postmortem examination, there were severe, extensive hemorrhages and multifocal, confluent pale foci in the pancreas in 10/20 birds. Liver gross lesions in five birds ranged fr...
Coupling of Trade Winds with Ocean Circulation Damps ITCZ Shifts

AbstractThe position of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is sensitive to the atmosphere’s hemispheric energy balance, lying in the hemisphere most strongly heated by radiative and turbulent surface energy fluxes. This study examines how the ocean circulation, through its cross-equatorial energy transport and associated surface energy fluxes, affects the ITCZ’s response to an imposed interhemispheric heating contrast in a coupled atmosphere–ocean general circulation model. Shifts of the ITCZ are strongly damped owing to a robust coupling between the atmosphere’s Hadley cells and the ocean’s subtropical cells by the trade winds and their associated surface stresses. An anomalous oceanic wind-driven cross-equatorial cell transports energy across the equator, strongly offsetting the imposed heating contrast. The circulation of this cell can be described by the combination of trade wind anomalies and the meridional gradient of sea surface temperature, which sets the temperature contrast between its up...
Virtual Occupancy Sensing: Using Smart Meters to Indicate Your Presence

Occupancy detection for buildings is crucial to improving energy efficiency, user comfort, and space utility. However, existing methods require dedicated system setup, continuous calibration, and frequent maintenance. With the instrumentation of electricity meters in millions of homes and offices, however, power measurement presents a unique opportunity for a non-intrusive and cost-effective way to detect occupant presence. This study develops solutions to the problems when no data or limited data is available for training, as motivated by difficulties in ground truth collection. Experimental evaluations on data from both residential and commercial buildings indicate that the proposed methods for binary occupancy detection are nearly as accurate as models learned with sufficient data, with accuracies of approximately 78 to 93 percent for residences and 90 percent for offices. This study shows that power usage contains valuable and sensitive user information, demonstrating a virtual occupancy sensing approach with minimal system calibration and setup.
Inelastic neutron scattering and gamma production from fast-neutron bombardment of 235U

Abstract Cross sections for gamma production by 4.0, 6.0 and 7.5 MeV neutron interactions with 235 U have been measured. Inelastic neutron scattering cross sections deduced from the gamma-ray data are 2.13±0.50, 2.02±0.36 and 0.77±0.32 b for 4.0, 6.0 and 7.5 MeV.
RNA and Protein Targets of FMRP

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), the protein that is absent or dysfunctional in fragile X syndrome (FXS), is a multifunctional binding protein that associates with mRNAs and proteins in the brain. The loss of FMRP results in a number of molecular problems, including dysregulated protein synthesis of a subset of genes in the postsynapse, ion channel malfunction in the presynapse, and impaired response to DNA damage in the nucleus. Identification of FMRP-binding partners would help pinpoint the pathways and processes that are perturbed by the loss of the protein and provide therapeutic targets for the treatment of FXS. This chapter will discuss the latest approaches and discoveries regarding the RNA- and protein-binding targets of FMRP.
Synthesis of Functionalized Hemi‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐[2,2′]‐bipyridines via Telescoped Condensation of [2,2′]‐bipyridinyl‐6‐carbonitrile

Partitioning of neutron-poisoning lanthanides from minor actinides in used nuclear fuel using liquid–liquid separation techniques with moderately soft Lewis basic heterocyclic scaffolds is an area of intense research focus. Nitrogen heterocycles have demonstrated potential for the selective separation of Am3+ from Eu3+ in separations processes. Improved synthetic strategies are required to access more diversified complexant scaffolds for further study. The present work describes an efficient synthetic strategy for the preparation of functionalized [2,2′]-bipyridinyl scaffolds using Pd catalysis to prepare the requisite starting material and telescoped condensation to afford direct access to hemi-1,2,4-triazinyl-[2,2′]-bipyridines with aliphatic character and potentially greater solubility in less polar diluents. Synthetic method development, optimization, and substrate scope are reported herein.
Surgical importance of aberrant bile ducts in the left triangular ligament of the liver

Background Few studies investigating the presence of aberrant bile ducts in the left triangular ligament have been presented since the beginning of the century. Methods A total of 80 cadaver livers were examined by an injection corrosion technique to identify aberrant bile ducts in the left triangular ligament. In 50 livers studied in situ at autopsy, the left triangular ligament was examined microscopically. In 197 operations, the left triangular ligament was divided and observed for possible bile leakage. Results Aberrant bile ducts were identified in 16% of cadaver livers and in 12% of liver studies in situ . Bile leakage was observed in 11% of patients when the left triangular ligament was divided in its central part at operation. Discussion These findings draw attention to the existence of aberrant bile ducts in the appendix fibrosa hepatis, the unintentional severing of which might cause postoperative complications such as bile collections within the abdomen or bile peritonitis.
AuPb2I7: A Narrow Bandgap Au3+ Iodide Semiconductor

The unusual Au3+ ternary halide AuPb2I7 has been isolated from reactions of AuI, PbI2, and I2. AuPb2I7 crystallizes in the triclinic P1 space group as micron-scale needles with cell dimensions a = 4.5170(3) A, b = 7.3847(4) A, c = 12.2970(7) A, α = 76.374(4)°, β = 83.711(4)°, γ = 72.987(3)° at room temperature with ρ = 6.538 g/cm3 and has no structural phase transition down to 100 K. The title compound has a unique three-dimensional structure composed of [Pb2I7]3– pseudolayers extending in [010] bridged by square planar Au3+ at an oblique angle in the [001] direction. The pseudolayers are composed of 1/∞[Pb2I2]2+ chains propagating down [100] linked by square planar I– ions through [010]. AuPb2I7 has a bandgap of 1.17 eV and is stable in air for several days, before degrading to PbI2, Au0, and I2. Density functional theory calculations show that AuPb2I7 is an indirect bandgap semiconductor where the bandgap stems predominantly from Au–I metal–ligand charge transfer.
A Mixed Linear-Logarithmic Specification for Lotka-Volterra Models with Endogenously Generated SDLS-Variables

In Arbia and Paelinck (2003a, b), a Lotka-Volterra model (LVM) is applied to the convergence-divergence problem of European regions in terms of incomes per capita. As the latter have to be non-negative, a double logarithmic version may be substituted for the original specification, a modification that removes at least part of the non-linearity of LVMs; this chapter introduces this non-linearity again. Discussion begins with a general section on LVMs, to go on with a mixed linear-logarithmic specification, of which the positivity of the (possible) equilibrium solution is proved, and for which a (sufficient) stability condition is derived.
Rückblick auf die Forstwirtschaft im ehemaligen Deutsch-Ostafrika

In insgesamt kaum mehr als zwanzig Jahren, in denen Forstleute unter schwierigsten kulturellen, politischen und infrastrukturellen Verhaltnissen in DOA tatig waren, gab es bedeutende Fortschritte ebenso wie Miserfolge. Bemerkenswert sind neben ersten Erfahrungen mit den damals kaum bekannten einheimischen Baumarten vor allem die auf systematischen Anbauversuchen beruhenden Erfolge mit vielen Exoten. Unter diesen spielen Teak, Eukalypten, Gerberakazien und mittelamerikanische Koniferen immer noch bzw. im Falle von China- oder Gummibaumen wieder auf experimenteller Basis eine Rolle in der Forstwirtschaft Tansanias. Auch die Bemuhungen der Deutschen, degradierte Flachen wieder zu bewalden, sowie Versuche, den Waldfeldbau zu fordern, sind aus heutiger Sicht wieder hochaktuell. Als bedeutendste Leistung hat jedoch die mit grosem finanziellen und energischen Einsatz verbundene Schaffung von Waldreservaten zu gelten. Aus heutiger Sicht sind diese damals weitsichtig unter dem Zeichen der Landeskultur geschutzten Bergwalder mit ihrem Artenreichtum und ihrer uberragenden Umweltfunktion von auserordentlicher Bedeutung.
Interdisciplinary Connections: An Interview with Dean Dan Schwartz

Daniel Schwartz currently serves as the I. James Quillen Dean of the Stanford School of Education. He earned his bachelor’s degrees in Philosophy and Anthropology at Swarthmore College and Teaching Certificate at the University of Southern California, serving as a secondary school teacher in schools in California, Alaska, and Kenya. In 1988, Dr. Schwartz earned a Master’s Degree in Computers and Education at Columbia University before shifting his focus to Human Cognition and Learning in his doctoral studies at Columbia University. As the Nomellini & Olivier Professor of Educational Technology at Stanford University, he also directs the AAA Lab focused on designing and evaluating educational technologies and theories of learning and is the author of numerous journal articles, book chapters, and books including The ABCs of How We Learn: 26 Scientifically Proven Approaches, How They Work, and When to Use Them.
Simulation of membrane heat pump system performance for space cooling

Abstract Membrane based heat pumps systems have attracted the attention of many research groups as a potentially more environmentally friendly alternative to vapor compression systems for space cooling. Several prototype systems have been developed, with reported claims of Energy Efficiency Ratios (EER) approaching 26. At present, no detailed analysis is publicly available which simulates the capability of these systems in different climate zones. In this work, a thermodynamic cycle model of a representative membrane heat pump system is developed and heat and mass transfer components are sized to provide 3 t of cooling at nominal rating conditions. The performance of the 3 t system is then simulated in various climate regions using representative cooling loads calculated from a building energy modeling software. The simulated membrane heat pump system had an EER of 16–20. Compared with the performance of a commercial vapor compression system, the membrane system performs better at higher dry-bulb temperature and shows energy saving potential in all climate regions examined. While the membrane system shows potential from a thermodynamic perspective, there are many practical challenges that must be addressed prior to commercialization including the design of an efficient vacuum pump, mitigating membrane fouling and reliability issues, and developing advanced controls to maintain desired sensible and latent heating capacities.
A Case-Crossover-Based Screening Approach to Identifying Clinically Relevant Drug-Drug Interactions in Electronic Healthcare Data.

We sought to develop a semiautomated screening approach using electronic healthcare data to identify drug-drug interactions (DDIs) that result in clinical outcomes. Using a case-crossover design with 30-day hazard and referent windows, we evaluated codispensed drugs (potential precipitants) in 7,801 patients who experienced rhabdomyolysis while on cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4-metabolized statins and in 15,147 who experienced bleeding while on dabigatran. Estimates of direct associations between precipitant drugs and outcomes were used to adjust for bias and precipitants' direct effects. The P values were adjusted for multiple testing using the false discovery rate (FDR). From among 460 drugs codispensed with statins, 1 drug (clarithromycin) generated an alert (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 5.83, FDR < 0.05). From among 485 drugs codispensed with dabigatran, 2 drugs (naproxen and enoxaparin, ORs 2.50 and 2.75; FDR < 0.05) generated an alert. All three signals reflected known pharmacologic interactions, confirming the potential of case-crossover-based approaches for DDI screening in electronic healthcare data.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Primary Graft Dysfunction after Lung Transplantation

Purpose Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is the leading course of early death after lung transplantation. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was used as the last resort for PGD. The aim of this study is to explore the outcome and predictor for in-house mortality in post-lung transplant patients who required ECMO for PGD. Methods Between January 2006 and December 2015, 1049 cases of lung transplantation were performed at our center. Ninety-six patients (9.15 %) required ECMO support after lung transplantation. And 52 patients (4.96 %) required ECMO support for PGD. We retrospectively collected patient demographics and survival outcome of these patients. Results The mean age was 61.9 years ± 14.9 years. The mean lung allocation score was 49.5 ± 18.3. Seven patients (13.5 %) required veno-arterial ECMO due to concomitant hemodynamical instability. The patients were on ECMO for 5.00 ± 10.6 days. Forty-four patients (84.6 %) were successfully decannulated. There were 23 in-house mortalities. The 90-day, 1-year and 5-year survival of patients who required ECMO after lung transplantation were 67.3 %, 50.0 %, and 31.5 %, respectively. There is no significant difference on survival outcome when compared to the patient group required ECMO post-transplant due to the other causes. Univariate and multivariate analysis indicated that when the patient was placed on ECMO within 48 hours after transplantation, the patient was more likely to prevent in-house mortality regardless of patients’ preoperative conditions or duration of ECMO support. Conclusion Earlier recognition of PGD and initiation of ECMO may be beneficial in this population.
Loxoscelism: Cutaneous and Hematologic Manifestations.

Background. Brown recluse spider (BRS) envenomation can lead to significant morbidity through severe local reaction and systemic illness including acute hemolytic anemia, rhabdomyolysis, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (DIC), and even death. We aim to describe the clinical features and the roles of antibiotics and steroids in the treatment of loxoscelism. Methods. We retrospectively identified nine patients (pts) at our institution who were admitted with moderate to severe loxoscelism. A chart review was performed to highlight important clinical features and effect of interventions. Results. Nine pts (age 18 to 53) presented with fever (6), rash (9), pain/swelling (4), and jaundice (2). Of these, 6 pts had antecedent spider bites documented. Five pts were discharged from Emergency Room (ER) with oral antibiotics for “cellulitis” and were readmitted with severe systemic symptoms, with almost half (45%) of the pts being admitted to the intensive care unit. The most common admission diagnosis was sepsis secondary to cellulitis (6). Four pts developed worsening dermonecrosis, and 3 received prompt incision and drainage (ID the lowest mean hemoglobin level was 5.8g/dL, with average drop of 3.1 g/dL. Direct antiglobulin test (DAT) (for both complement and surface immunoglobulin) was positive in 4 out of 9 patients. Four pts received glucocorticoid therapy for their hemolytic anemia. The use of steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin (IV Ig) did not seem to show a difference in the time of recovery although those who received steroids required less blood transfusion (2.1 units less). All pts had a complete recovery within two weeks. Conclusion. Treatment of systemic loxoscelism involves aggressive supportive care including appropriate wound management, blood transfusions, intravenous fluid replacement, and appropriate antibiotic coverage. It is unclear at this time if glucocorticoids or IVIg has any beneficial impact on the treatment of severe loxoscelism.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiovascular disease: a literature review

As obesity becomes more common worldwide, the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) continues to rise. Obstructive sleep apnoea is a well-known disorder that causes chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), which is considered a risk factor for atherosclerosis directly and indirectly. Ischaemic heart disease remains the leading cause of death. Most risk factors for atherosclerosis are well understood. However, other factors such as CIH are less well understood. Several studies have investigated the pathophysiology of CIH, attempting to uncover its link to atherosclerosis and to determine whether OSA treatment can be a therapeutic modality to modify the risk for atherosclerosis. In this article, we will review the pathophysiology of OSA as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and discuss the most common markers that have been studied. We will also examine the potential impact of OSA management as a risk factor modifier on the reversibility of atherosclerosis.
Impact of Improper Installation, Maintenance and Servicing of Electrical Equipment in Forest Products Industries

The subject of safety continues to be at the forefront of all forest products industry segments. However, a high frequency of serious electrical injuries and fatalities are still occurring around electrical equipment. Some of these events are attributed to the lack of proper regular routine maintenance practices. These events also result in high monetary losses associated with damaged property and production losses. This paper will outline some of the areas of concern and offer some perspective on how to plan better and schedule appropriate preventive maintenance.
Marked factor V activity elevation in severe COVID-19 is associated with venous thromboembolism.

Coagulopathy causes morbidity and mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Yet, the mechanisms are unclear and biomarkers are limited. Early in the pandemic, we observed markedly elevated factor V activity in a patient with COVID-19, which led us to measure factor V, VIII, and X activity in a cohort of 102 consecutive inpatients with COVID-19. Contemporaneous SARS-CoV-2-negative controls (n = 17) and historical pre-pandemic controls (n = 260-478) were also analyzed. This cohort represents severe COVID-19 with high rates of ventilator use (92%), line clots (47%), deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (DVT/PE) (23%), and mortality (22%). Factor V activity was significantly elevated in COVID-19 (median 150 IU/dL, range 34-248 IU/dL) compared to contemporaneous controls (median 105 IU/dL, range 22-161 IU/dL) (P 150 IU/dL exhibited significantly higher rates of DVT/PE (16/49, 33%) compared to those with factor V activity ≤150 IU/dL (7/53, 13%) (P = .03). Within this severe COVID-19 cohort, factor V activity associated with SARS-CoV-2 load in a sex-dependent manner. Subsequent decreases in factor V were linked to progression toward DIC and mortality. Together, these data reveal marked perturbations of factor V activity in severe COVID-19, provide links to SARS-CoV-2 disease biology and clinical outcomes, and nominate a candidate biomarker to investigate for guiding anticoagulation therapy in COVID-19.
Visitor (Trader) Harassment Further Explained

Trader harassment (TH) is an undesired selling behavior directed toward a visitor by one or more micro-traders at a tourist destination. As of 2020, little research exists on the micro-selling beha...
Generation of Keratinocytes from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Under Defined Culture Conditions

Differentiation of keratinocytes from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) has become an important tool for wound healing research and for studying skin diseases in instances where patient cells are not available. Several keratinocyte differentiation protocols using hiPSC colony fragments or embryoid bodies have been published with some requiring prolonged time for differentiation or extended use of reagent cocktails. In this study, we present a simplified method to efficiently generate large numbers of uniformly differentiated keratinocytes in less than 4 weeks from singularized hiPSCs with differentiation factors, retinoic acid and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4). Low seeding density of singularized iPSCs results in keratinocyte cultures with minimum cell death during differentiation and up to 96% homogeneity for keratin 14-positive cells and low percentage of keratinocyte maturation markers, comparable to early passage primary keratinocytes. hiPSC-derived keratinocytes remain in a proliferative state, can be maintained for prolonged periods of time, and can be terminally differentiated under high calcium conditions in the same way as primary human keratinocytes. Moreover, coculturing hiPSC-derived fibroblasts and keratinocytes consistently formed organotypic 3D skin equivalents. Therefore, keratinocytes generated by this method are a viable source of cells for downstream applications.
ROS Live Cell Imaging During Neuronal Development

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-established signaling molecules, which are important in normal development, homeostasis, and physiology. Among the different ROS, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is best characterized with respect to roles in cellular signaling. H2O2 has been implicated during the development in several species. For example, a transient increase in H2O2 has been detected in zebrafish embryos during the first days following fertilization. Furthermore, depleting an important cellular H2O2 source, NADPH oxidase (NOX), impairs nervous system development such as the differentiation, axonal growth, and guidance of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) both in vivo and in vitro. Here, we describe a method for imaging intracellular H2O2 levels in cultured zebrafish neurons and whole larvae during development using the genetically encoded H2O2-specific biosensor, roGFP2-Orp1. This probe can be transiently or stably expressed in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, the ratiometric readout diminishes the probability of detecting artifacts due to differential gene expression or volume effects. First, we demonstrate how to isolate and culture RGCs derived from zebrafish embryos that transiently express roGFP2-Orp1. Then, we use whole larvae to monitor H2O2 levels at the tissue level. The sensor has been validated by the addition of H2O2. Additionally, this methodology could be used to measure H2O2 levels in specific cell types and tissues by generating transgenic animals with tissue-specific biosensor expression. As zebrafish facilitate genetic and developmental manipulations, the approach demonstrated here could serve as a pipeline to test the role of H2O2 during neuronal and general embryonic development in vertebrates.
Ner Ot: The Memorial Candle as Symbol in the Art of Samuel Bak

As a child survivor of the Vilna ghetto who saw his father and four grandparents murdered by the Germans, Samuel Bak carried into the post-war years a burden of memory that centered on the destruction of members of his immediate family and of the Jewish culture and traditions that had once flourished in his native city. The patched civilization that emerged after the war and efforts to re-form it visually in his art infiltrated many of his earliest works and eventually came to dominate it as the central themes of his later career. In the paintings of Ner-Ot (Hebrew for “The Candle is a Symbol”), Bak uses the image of the candle in various guises and disguises to move his viewers from the habit of looking to the experience of seeing, from sight to insight. His imagery addresses his audience with questions they are forced to confront as they are drawn into a landscape of devastation that is the scenario of so many of these paintings. The Jahrzeit or memorial candle is traditionally lighted to commemorate the death of a loved one. But as we gaze at the variations on memorial candles and recall the sacred role they once played in the act of remembering, we are challenged to ask how memory is to honor the loss of loved ones when we don’t know when they died, or how, or where. When memory is profaned by the manner of death, is a familiar ritual sufficient to restore a connection? Bak’s candles shift their shape, their cylindrical form becoming trees uprooted, or crematorium chimneys whose swirling smoke replaces the lighted (and often extinguished) wicks of the original candles. Occasionally, they resemble missiles destined for some destructive mission. The Holocaust has desecrated both life and death, and Bak’s candle series invites the imagination to journey through a wholly alien territory of remembering.
Reachable Moment: Hospital-Based Interventions

Patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) frequently utilize high-cost hospital services and have had rising rates of morbidity and mortality in the past two decades. Patients with OUD frequently experience untreated withdrawal and other poor hospital-related outcomes. Further, hospitalization is an often-missed reachable moment to engage patients with OUD in harm reduction services and to begin treatment, including medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). This chapter outlines various strategies and current best practices, including formal interdisciplinary addiction consult services, which can be used to engage and treat hospitalized patients with OUD. In addition, this chapter addresses some of the ongoing challenges in providing high-quality care to inpatients with OUD, including stigma, structural barriers, and commonly held myths, all of which impede optimal care for these patients.
Deterministic inverse design of Tamm plasmon thermal emitters with multi-resonant control.

Wavelength-selective thermal emitters (WS-EMs) are of interest due to the lack of cost-effective, narrow-band sources in the mid- to long-wave infrared. WS-EMs can be realized via Tamm plasmon polaritons (TPPs) supported by distributed Bragg reflectors on metals. However, the design of multiple resonances is challenging as numerous structural parameters must be optimized simultaneously. Here we use stochastic gradient descent to optimize TPP emitters (TPP-EMs) composed of an aperiodic distributed Bragg reflector deposited on doped cadmium oxide (CdO) film, where layer thicknesses and carrier density are inversely designed. The combination of the aperiodic distributed Bragg reflector with the designable plasma frequency of CdO enables multiple TPP-EM modes to be simultaneously designed with arbitrary spectral control not accessible with metal-based TPPs. Using this approach, we experimentally demonstrated and numerically proposed TPP-EMs exhibiting single or multiple emission bands with designable frequencies, line-widths and amplitudes. This thereby enables lithography-free, wafer-scale WS-EMs that are complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor compatible for applications such as free-space communications and gas sensing. Tamm plasmon thermal emitters can provide low-cost, efficient mid to long infrared emission, but have been limited by a challenging design. Here the authors apply an inverse design protocol to demonstrate tailorable multi-band emission on CdO films.
Tropic Tendencies: Rhetoric, Popular Culture, and the Anglophone Caribbean, by Kevin Adonis Browne

African Diaspora rhetorics and vernaculars are neither shadowy thugs perpetrating drive-bys on Western Civ, nor viruses that corrupt and destroy the purity of superior forms. African Diaspora rheto...
Long-Term Treatment of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS): An Approach to Management of Worsening Symptoms, Loss of Efficacy, and Augmentation.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common, frequently chronic, sensorimotor neurological disorder characterized by nocturnal leg dysesthesias and an irresistible urge to move the legs, usually resulting in sleep disturbance. Dopaminergic agonists, alpha-2-delta calcium-channel ligands, and opioids have all demonstrated efficacy to relieve symptoms of RLS and improve sleep. However, long-term treatment with dopamine agonists (the most commonly prescribed agents) is often characterized by worsening symptoms and loss of efficacy. A more worrisome complication of dopaminergic agents is augmentation, an iatrogenic worsening of RLS symptoms that can produce progressively more severe symptoms resulting in around-the-clock restlessness and near sleeplessness. Recent research has yielded consensus regarding a precise definition of augmentation and has contributed to improved knowledge regarding strategies for preventing this complication. When RLS symptoms worsen during the course of treatment, the clinician must consider the myriad of environmental, medical, pharmacologic, and psychiatric factors that can exacerbate RLS. In the absence of fully developed, evidence-based guidelines there remains uncertainty regarding the optimal management strategy if augmentation develops. However, we discuss several key principles based on the available published data and the authors’ clinical experience. We also explore the recent increasing interest in alternative initial treatment strategies that avoid dopamine agonists and their associated complications altogether.
MBE Growth of GaAs on Si through Direct Ge Buffers

The result of GaAs growth on Si using a thin Ge buffer layer (about 0.5μm thick) is presented in this paper. A two-step method with a high temperature anneal between two steps is used to grow the Ge buffer layer. Single phase GaAs is grown on Ge by controlling the growth temperature, substrate miscut and the prelayers. No APD defect is observed by the XTEM and the threading dislocation density of GaAs grown using this method is about 5˜10×107cm-2. The PL intensity of GaAs is 10× less on Si substrate than on GaAs substrates.
Time course of recovery following poor-grade SAH: the incidence of delayed improvement and implications for SAH outcome study design.

Object Data regarding the time course of recovery after poor-grade subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is lacking. Most SAH studies assess outcome at a single time point, often as early as 3 or 6 months following SAH. The authors hypothesized that recovery following poor-grade SAH is a dynamic process and that early outcomes may not always approximate long-term outcomes. To test this hypothesis, they analyzed long-term outcome data from a cohort of patients with poor-grade aneurysmal SAH to determine the incidence and predictors of early and delayed neurological improvement. Methods The authors reviewed outcome data from 88 poor-grade SAH patients enrolled in a prospective SAH treatment trial (the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial). They assessed modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at discharge, 6 months, 12 months, and 36 months after treatment to determine the incidence and predictors of neurological improvement during each interval. Results The mean aggregate mRS scores at 6 months (3.31 ± 2.1), 12 months (3.28 ...
Pharmacotherapy of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a potentially devastating illness, both to the patient and family members. Its etiology is unclear, but some evidence points toward dysfunction in an orbitofrontal striatal-limbic neuronal loop. Although many agents have been used, clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, appears to be the most promising therapy. Clomipramine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration and released for general use in early 1990 under the brand name Anafranil. Clomipramine's adverse effect profile is similar to that of currently marketed tricyclic antidepressants; however, it is associated with a higher frequency of seizures, estimated to be 0.7%. Although other serotonergic agents such as fluoxetine have shown promise in OCD, they have been studied only in a limited number of patients. Other agents, with the possible exception of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, either have resulted in inconsistent improvement or have been reported in an anecdotal fashion.
Radio propagation analysis in mines and tunnels based on FDTD

In this paper, a Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) — based full wave method is applied to model radio propagation in tunnels. The simulation results based on the FDTD method are compared to ray tracing and modal methods at 455 and 915 MHz for both vertical and horizontal polarizations and show good agreement. It is also shown that the simulation predictions based on all three methods agree well with the results as measured in a real tunnel.
Genome‐Wide Association and Linkage Study in the Amish Detects a Novel Candidate Late‐Onset Alzheimer Disease Gene

To identify novel late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD) risk genes, we have analysed Amish populations of Ohio and Indiana. We performed genome-wide SNP linkage and association studies on 798 individuals (109 with LOAD). We tested association using the Modified Quasi-Likelihood Score test and also performed two-point and multipoint linkage analyses. We found that LOAD was significantly associated with APOE (P= 9.0 × 10-6) in all our ascertainment regions except for the Adams County, Indiana, community (P= 0.55). Genome-wide, the most strongly associated SNP was rs12361953 (P= 7.92 × 10-7). A very strong, genome-wide significant multipoint peak [recessive heterogeneity multipoint LOD (HLOD) = 6.14, dominant HLOD = 6.05] was detected on 2p12. Three additional loci with multipoint HLOD scores >3 were detected on 3q26, 9q31 and 18p11. Converging linkage and association results, the most significantly associated SNP under the 2p12 peak was at rs2974151 (P= 1.29 × 10-4). This SNP is located in CTNNA2, which encodes catenin alpha 2, a neuronal-specific catenin known to have function in the developing brain. These results identify CTNNA2 as a novel candidate LOAD gene, and implicate three other regions of the genome as novel LOAD loci. These results underscore the utility of using family-based linkage and association analyses in isolated populations to identify novel loci for traits with complex genetic architecture.
Adaptive virtual model control of a bipedal walking robot

The robustness of bipedal walking robots can be enhanced by the use of adaptive control techniques. We extend a previous control approach, virtual model control (VMC) (Pratt et al., 1997), to create adaptive virtual model control (AVMC). The adaptation compensates for external disturbances and unmodelled dynamics, enhancing robustness in the control of height, pitch, and forward speed. The state machine used to modulate the virtual model components and to select the appropriate virtual to physical transformations (as in traditional VMC) is also used to inform the adaptation about the robot's changing configuration. The design procedure for AVMC is described in this paper and simulation results are presented for a planar walking biped.
AIX 3 technology (operating system)

Areas in which advances in AIX 3 technology have been sought are outlined. Several of these are discussed, in particular: enhanced support of industry standards, kernel integration, dynamic binding and/or shared libraries, logical volumes, and distributed system support. >
Economic Implications of Retirement Migration

This article provides an overview of some of the principal economic consequences of elderly migration especially for areas of destination. Although precise measurement of these [is] not possible at the national level we can offer some informed speculation. First these areas benefit economically from the presence of younger elderly migrants who move at or shortly after the time of retirement. Second these areas are spared the public costs associated with demand for much of the care and support services needed at the end of life. (EXCERPT)
Perceived emotional and sexual satisfaction across sexual relationship contexts: Gender and sexual orientation differences and similarities

Despite general perceptions of committed romantic relationships as the most satisfying context with which to engage in sexual activity, acceptance of casual sexual contexts has increased in recent years. Yet little research has examined sexual and emotional satisfaction outside of the committed relationship context. Further, most satisfaction research has focused exclusively on heterosexual samples. The present study aimed to investigate sexual and emotional satisfaction derived from seven sexual relationship contexts and note similarities or differences based on gender and sexual orientation. Data were drawn from an online survey of 6,955 sexually diverse participants. Sexual satisfaction was stronger than emotional satisfaction within casual sex contexts (one night stand, first date, sex with a friend, and hookups) than within more committed contexts (married, living together, committed unmarried relationship). Men found all contexts except for sex in a committed unmarried relationship significantly more sexually and emotionally satisfying than women. Emotional and sexual satisfaction were significantly different across sexual orientation groups in casual sexual relationship contexts but not in more committed relationship contexts. Gay men reported gaining the most sexual and emotional satisfaction out of casual sex contexts, with lesbian women reporting the least out of casual sexual contexts. Overall, this research found that a wide variety of relationship contexts, including casual sexual contexts, can be a source of both sexual and emotional satisfaction.
Baryogenesis and late-decaying moduli

Late-decaying string moduli dilute the baryon asymmetry of the Universe created in any previous era. The reheat temperature for such moduli is below a GeV, thus motivating baryogenesis at very low temperatures. We present an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with TeV-scale colored fields that can yield the correct baryon asymmetry of the Universe in this context. Modulus decay, which reheats the Universe at a temperature below GeV, produces the visible sector fields and neutralino dark matter in nonthermal fashion. We discuss various possibilities for baryogenesis from TeV-scale colored fields and show that they can generate an acceptable baryon asymmetry, while being compatible with phenomenological constraints like neutron-antineutron oscillation.
Practical value and limitations of respiratory functions tests

Abstract 1.1. Ventilatory function tests under office conditions provide useful information on functional and structural changes of the patient with bronchial asthma. Of these, vital capacity, expressed as a function of time and maximum voluntary ventilating capacity are dynamic measurements which are superior to the static measurement of vital capacity alone. Maximum voluntary ventilating capacity reflects most closely the clinical condition of the patient. 2.2. Ventilatory function tests cannot be used for experimental purposes, e.g., the comparison of effects of drugs, unless carried out under rigid experimental conditions which are, as a rule, beyond the scope of ordinary office routine.
An argument for basic emotions

Emotions are viewed as having evolved through their adaptive value in dealing with fundamental life-tasks. Each emotion has unique features: signal, physiology, and antecedent events. Each emotion ...
Bidder returns in interstate and intrastate bank acquisitions

Returns to bidders are examined for 108 bank acquisitions over the 1981–1987 period. These returns provide evidence on the conflict-of-interest hypothesis and the hubris hypothesis, both of which predict negative returns to bidders, versus the shareholder wealth maximization model that predicts positive (or at least non-negative) returns. Further evidence on these hypotheses is provided from the returns on 18 defensive acquisitions. Consistent with the conflict-of-interest and hubris hypotheses, announcement period returns are negative and statistically significant both for interstate and intrastate acquisitions. However, bidder returns to interstate bank acquisitions do not differ significantly from intrastate mergers.