cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Cationic Proteins on Gold Nanoparticle/Aptamer Assays.

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and aptamers are compelling building blocks for analytical assays with desired attributes of selectivity and sensitivity and may theoretically form the basis of instrument-free color-changing assays for any target against which a DNA aptamer has been selected. However, assays for proteins based on these components may be subject to significant interferences from the interaction of proteins with nanoparticles. We found that for three representative protein/aptamer systems—thrombin, apolipoprotein E, and platelet-derived growth factor—pH-dependent aggregation occurred, even in the absence of the aptamer, to differing extents. This effect is most pronounced when proteins display net surface charge (i.e., when pH < pI) but can even be observed at pH = pI when the protein retains regions of positive charge. These interactions of AuNPs and cationic regions on proteins may present an important limitation on the development of AuNP-based analytical assays.
Models, Information Systems, and the Management of Health Care Organizations

Concern that the health care system as currently constituted is incapable of adequately serving the needs of society has motivated a reappraisal of existing organizational forms and functions and a search for new, more effective configurations of services. Attention has been focused on innovations such as health teams, group practice, prepayment, and taking health services out to the community. In some cases, the fruits of these efforts are already apparent in neighborhood health centers, reorganized ambulatory care systems, and health maintenance organizations. Experiments are underway to evaluate the effectiveness of such organizations, and although such experiments are fraught with many difficulties and definitive results have yet to be obtained, it is apparent that variants of such organizations will play an important role within the health care system of the near future. Although the general role of such organizations is predictable, the precise shape they will take and the policies which will govern them are less clear. Even if a clear picture were available, there would remain the difficult task of altering organizational structures with a minimum of trauma to the system.
Neural Control of Sexual Behavior

Research on the neural control of sexual behavior has always been an interdisciplinary science principally rooted in psychology and anatomy. It has had two major epochs, followed by a third that is still in its infancy. For about the first 100 years, the perspective was that the brain is inherently bisexual with an emphasis on the similarities between the sexes. Fifty years ago, there was a paradigm shift to the perspective that emphasized the differences between the male and the female brain. Very recently, a new perspective has emerged that incorporates elements of both pervious ideas, emphasizing that sexual behavior is an emergent property of activity within a common network of brain nuclei.
Molecular and genetic characterization of rf2, a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene required for male fertility in maize (Zea mays L)

The male-sterile, T cytoplasm (cmsT) of maize serves as a model for the nuclear restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility. The rf2 gene, one of two nuclear genes required for fertility restoration in cmsT maize, was cloned. The protein predicted by the rf2 sequence is a putative aldehyde dehydrogenase, which suggests several mechanisms that might explain Rf2mediated fertility restoration of cmsT. Aldehyde dehydrogenase may be involved in the detoxification of acetaldehyde produced via ethanolic fermentation during pollen development, may play a role in energy metabolism, or may interact with URF13, the mitochondrial protein associated with male sterility in cmsT maize. 1 Reprinted with permission of Science, 1996, 272: 1334-1336. b Department of Zoology & Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, LA 50011. c Field Crops Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service and Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011. d Departments of Agronomy and Zoology & Genetics, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011.
Conclusion: What must be Done

Health care delivery in the United States is still evolving away from the traditional, relatively simple professional paradigm characterized by a formal or implicit contract between a patient and a professional provider. It is far from clear what ultimate form will emerge for health care in this country. At present, care is increasingly provided through large corporate or governmental entities that, overwhelmingly, are fiscal intermediaries in its delivery.
Ecotec 2.4L VVT: A Variant of GM's Global 4-Cylinder Engine

General Motors adds a larger displacement more powerful variant to its global 4-cylinder engine family. The new Ecotec 2.4L VVT, being introduced in the 2006 Pontiac Solstice is the latest variant within the Ecotec engine family. This new engine is built on the heritage and excellent reputation of the Ecotec 2.2L (1) , the global 4-cylinder engine introduced for the North American market in the 2000 model year Saturn L-series. Ecotec engines are now offered in many additional GM platforms in North America as well as in Europe. The Ecotec 2.4L VVT shares many parts with the Ecotec 2.2L (1) , with addition of cam phaser technology to enable variable valve timing (VVT) along with several structural enhancements. The Ecotec 2.4L VVT produces 25% more power, impressive torque at lower engine speeds and offers a number of other advantages. Production of the Ecotec 2.4L VVT is integrated with the Ecotec 2.2L (1) resulting in efficient use of the manufacturing systems already in place, at the same time providing flexibility to split the production volumes for the two engines based on the demand.
How initial word reading and language skills affect reading comprehension outcomes for students with reading difficulties

This study examined how differences in listening comprehension and word reading at the beginning of the school year influence changes in reading comprehension for English learners (ELs) with significant reading difficulties compared to non-ELs with significant reading difficulties. The study investigated heterogeneity in response to instruction among 400 struggling readers in fourth grade (n = 183 for non-EL; n = 217 for EL) who received an intensive reading intervention. At pretest, word reading, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension were measured, and at posttest, reading comprehension was measured again. Results from moderated multiple regression analyses showed a significant three-way interaction such that reading comprehension at posttest was higher for ELs than non-ELs with similar levels of low word reading but relatively higher levels of listening comprehension. However, non-ELs outperformed ELs with similar levels of relatively high word reading and average to high listening comprehension. The findings suggest that pre-intervention skill profiles may need to be interpreted differently for ELs and non-ELs with significant reading difficulties in relation to language and literacy outcomes.
E-098 Bolt-patch: a novel theragnostic approach to complex intracranial hypotension

Background Both high and low pressure Cerebral Spinal Fluid can cause headaches. Leaks in the thecal sac may result in low pressure, and identification and treatment of the leak site may be challenging. After leak repair, rebound hypertension has been described, resulting in headaches that respond to carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Because the success rate of repair is not reliable, post procedural headaches may be either rebound high pressure or low pressure and may be difficult to distinguish. Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure during percutaneous management of thecal sac discontinuities may help rapidly ascertain treatment success, as well as distinguish the cause of headache post procedure. Methods The CSF Disorder database was retrospectively queried to identify patients with presumed cerebral spinal fluid hypotension treated with fibrin and blood injection with concomitant intracranial pressure monitoring. Patients were excluded if no follow up information was available. Demographic, clinical and imaging data were recorded and reviewed. Patterns of intracranial pressure were reviewed immediately post procedure and overnight. Results Nine patients were identified: Immediately post repair, patients experienced transient increase in intracranial pressure during blood/fibrin epidural patch. Day post procedure, 7/9 patients had recordings available. In 2 patients, their pressures returned to baseline, likely indicating treatment failure prompting immediate re-intervention. In 3 patients, their pressures remained high, and above institutional thresholds, and were deemed treatment successes. In one patient, initial monitoring demonstrated higher pressures than expected, and the cause of headaches was deemed to not be related to intracranial hypotension. Impression Continuous monitoring with percutaneous dural repair may be a therapeutic-diagnostic option for complex intracranial hypotension. In this limited experience, it may accelerate total time to successful dural repair by rapidly identifying failed treatments and help distinguish mimics from true dural leaks. Disclosures R. Xu: None. C. Chung: None. A. Moghekar: None. S. Cho: None. A. Rao: None. M. Luciano: None. R. Geocadin: None. G. Deib: None. F. Hui: None.
Loaning books by the semester: A case study at a community college library

AbstractDuring the spring and fall semesters of 2016 and the spring semester of 2017, Kingsborough Community College, part of the City University of New York, launched an initiative to loan over 5,...
Parenting Influences on Perceived Adolescent Health Risks: A Mixed Methods Approach

We explored how varying parenting practices might be related to adolescents and their parents’ perceived adolescent susceptibility toward high-risk health behaviors. A mixed-methods study was conducted with 31 Chinese/Taiwanese American, African American, and European American parent-adolescent dyads/triads. Two rounds of interviews (a total of 148) were undertaken with 78 participants 4–6 months apart to understand parental strategies in protecting their adolescents from risky health behaviors. The Parenting Style questionnaires were administered to the parent/s to examine the congruence with parenting practices reported in qualitative interviews. Findings of interviews and Perception of Adolescent Health Risks questionnaires were synthesized to gain a better understanding about the relationship between parenting practices and participants’ perceived adolescent susceptibility toward high-risk health behaviors. Qualitative results were used to help understand and clarify the quantitative results. Our results indicated that diverse parents’ parenting practices were influenced by their situational and historical experiences as well as their cultural and religious beliefs. Health-related parenting (i.e., when and how to intervene) were related to parents’ perceived susceptibility of adolescents’ health risks. Consistent with the literature, a permissive parenting style was associated with low perceived susceptibility to health risks. Authoritarian or authoritative parenting styles, however, were not significantly related to health risk perception. Furthermore, the Parenting Style measure seemed to not fully capture diverse families’ parenting practices reported in the qualitative results. Future research needs to incorporate influences stemming from families’ situational, historical, cultural, and religious experiences.
A Search for X-ray Crystallographic Evidence of n → π* Interactions in a Series of Substituted 2-(Dimethylamino)biphenyl-2′-carboxaldehydes

There has recently been greater appreciation for the impact that n → π* interactions have on the conformational preferences of molecules in the gas phase, solution, and crystalline form. Earlier studies, both experimental and computational, have demonstrated that suitably placed substituents can affect the extent of these interactions. A thorough understanding of how substituents affect these interactions is necessary for these forces to be potentially utilized as a means of crystal engineering. We synthesized a series of 2-(dimethylamino)biphenyl-2′-carboxaldehydes substituted at the position para to the aldehyde group with substituents ranging in electronic properties from strong electron-withdrawing to strong electron-donating and determined their structures via X-ray crystallography. In all cases, evidence suggests that the conformations adopted in the crystals retained n → π* interactions. However, contrary to computational studies conducted in vacuo, the geometries varied not according to the substi...
HOW DID UNCONVENTIONAL MONETARY POLICY AFFECT ECONOMIC FORECASTS

We study how unconventional monetary policy announcements affected professional forecasters' predictions of bond rates, gross domestic product growth and inflation using data from the monthly survey by the Wall Street Journal. We find that unconventional monetary policy (UMP) announcements moved predicted bond rates in the direction the Fed intended. UMP announcements had differential impacts on forecasters' predictions; they also tended to move growth and inflation predictions in directions opposite those the Fed intended due to Fed information effects. A policy implication of our study is that the Fed should communicate economic projections to the public separately from monetary policy announcements to mitigate Fed information effects. (JEL E52, E58)
Clinical Reasoning: Ketogenic diet in adult super-refractory status epilepticus.

We present a case of super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) in a previously healthy 38-year-old right-handed man who initially presented at an outside hospital after a car accident. He was the driver, and had a witnessed convulsive event at the scene. A week previously, he had presented to the outside hospital with fever (102oF), flu-like symptoms, and low back pain, and was discharged home on hydrocodone/acetaminophen. Upon presentation after the car accident, the patient was febrile and displayed fluctuating mental status without meningeal signs. There were no focal deficits on neurologic examination. Preliminary diagnostic studies included lumbar puncture (LP), which showed an elevated opening pressure of 35 cm H2O, and pleocytosis, with 42 leukocytes/mL (54% lymphocytes). MRI of the brain with and without contrast showed hyperintense fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) signal and restricted diffusion in the left hippocampus. There were no imaging findings to support traumatic brain injury. Acyclovir treatment was started. An IV loading dosage of phenytoin was administered immediately after his presentation in the outside hospital. Serial EEGs thereafter showed evidence of electrographic seizures arising from the right frontotemporal region, which continued despite IV loads of phenobarbital and levetiracetam. It was unclear if benzodiazepine was tried initially. The patient was transferred to our hospital for management of refractory status epilepticus (RSE). Continuous EEG monitoring upon transfer was consistent with partial status epilepticus with seizures originating from the right frontotemporal region (figure).
A fiber modal adapter for upgrading 850 nm multimode fiber links to 1310 nm single-mode transmission

Abstract We propose a simple and compact adapter using specially designed modal conditioning single-mode fiber for fundamental mode transmission through multimode fiber. The modal conditioning single-mode fiber has a mode field diameter at 1310 nm roughly matching that of the fundamental mode of the 50-μm core multimode fibers. The fiber is designed for integration in a compact adapter due to its low fiber cutoff wavelength. The adapters are attached to both the input and output ends of the multimode fiber to form a link suitable for single-mode transmission. The detailed characteristics of the link such as insertion loss and multi-path interference are measured. Using the adapters, we demonstrate error-free transmission over 1-km multimode fiber using a 100G CWDM4 transceiver, which carries 4 × 25 Gb/s transmission at four wavelengths around 1310 nm. The proposed SMF adapter not only enables newly deployed multimode fiber to be future proof for higher data rate SM transmission, but also offers an upgrade solution for legacy OM2 installations which otherwise cannot support higher data rate and in some cases are very costly to replace.
The association of cannabis use and cardiac dysrhythmias: a systematic review

Introduction: Cannabis use results in elevation of heart rate and blood pressure immediately after use, primarily due to sympathetic nervous system stimulation and parasympathetic nervous system in...
What’s said in a subject line? Framing the email subject lines in health messages sent to university students

Objective: To examine whether manipulating the frame used in email subject lines affects open or click-through rate. Participants: Students (N = 38,538) at a Midwestern university received emails f...
Full polarization control of fiber-delivered light in a dilution refrigerator.

Birefringence in optical fibers poses a challenge to controllably delivering polarized light. Strain-induced birefringence caused by bends in the fiber, vibrations, or a large temperature gradient can significantly alter the polarization, making it particularly difficult to deliver polarization states to low-temperature environments by fiber. In this paper, we investigate the transmission of polarized light through a fiber and discuss a method we have developed for delivering arbitrarily polarized light to the base stage of a dilution refrigerator using a standard optical fiber. We have created a compact, cryogenic optical system to identify the polarization of the delivered light, while room-temperature waveplates and a mathematical fiber model are used to fully characterize and compensate for the fiber’s birefringent effects. We show here that we are able to deliver horizontal, vertical, diagonal, anti-diagonal, right circular, and left circular polarization states to milli-Kelvin temperatures, with state fidelities of greater than 0.96 being achieved in all cases. Additionally, we demonstrate that we can deliver randomly selected elliptical states through a standard fiber to the refrigerator. This opens up new opportunities for fiber-based optical experiments using polarized light, such as quantum information experiments using quantum states encoded in the polarization of single photons.
Necessary Condition for Link Assessment in Wireless Mesh Networks

The wireless link quality is time and space varying, depending on the environment and interference. In order to make efficient use of the scarce channel resource during topology formation, scheduling and routing, it is vital to understand the quality of the links in the wireless mesh network (in terms of e.g., probability of successful transmission or signal to noise ratio). The existing approaches for link assessment consume substantial amount of time and thus introduce significant delay and overhead. In this research, we derive the necessary condition that ensures fast link assessment, where the link assessment packets are transmitted efficiently according to a set of non-constant weight codes, which achieves low collision probability within a short link assessment period.
Metabolites control stress granule disassembly.

Cells respond to stimuli by reorganizing their contents into subcellular structures. New research demonstrates that yeast pyruvate kinase Cdc19 interacts with fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to coordinate disassembly of stress granules. These findings reveal how proteins can directly sense the cellular energy state to facilitate adaptive reorganization.
Thin film dialysis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the thin film dialysis with respect to theory, experimental methods, applications in preparative and analytical work, and the future of the technique. If a solution is dialyzed, its components are subjected to separation processes that are based upon differential diffusion rates through a semipermeable membrane. Thin film dialysis minimizes the contribution of free solution diffusion and can yield very efficient dialysis. Most of these thin film dialyzers are designed for very rapid salt removal and/or buffer exchange, and are characterized by very small ratios of retentate volume to diffusate volume. The chapter also discusses thin film dialyzers, such as analytical dialysis cell, and thin film countercurrent dialyzers. Thin film dialysis membranes should be flexible, have a uniform mechanical strength, low ionic charge, and a polarity compatible with the solvent to be studied. Thin film dialysis can be used in almost any experimental situation in which more classical dialysis techniques are normally used, such as techniques in purification and separation, binding and hydrogen exchange studies, and the measurement of solute size and conformation. However, the present dialysis theory is not completely satisfactory. Though, the qualitative aspects of the theory predict the dialysis behavior of solutes of similar chemical nature, but do not predict a priori the dialysis behavior of solutes of dissimilar chemical nature. The theory of thin film dialysis, thus, needs further development, and further development of the apparatus and membranes is also needed.
Challenge Problems Focusing on Equality and Combinatory Logic: Evaluating Automated Theorem-Proving Programs

In this paper, we offer a set of problems for evaluating the power of automated theorem-proving programs and the potential of new ideas. Since the problems published in the proceedings of the first CADE conference proved to be so useful, and since researchers are now far more disposed to implementing and testing their ideas, a new set of problems is in order to complement those that have been widely studied. In general, the new problems provide a far greater challenge for an automated theorem-proving program than those in the first set do. Indeed, to our knowledge, five of the six problems we propose for study have never been proved with a theorem-proving program. For each problem, we give a set of statements that can easily be translated into a standard set of clauses. We also state each problem in its mathematical and logical form. In many cases, we provide a proof of the theorem from which a problem is taken so that one can measure a program's progress in its attempt to solve the problem. Two of the theorems we discuss are of especial interest in that they answer previously open questions concerning the constructibility of two types of combinator. We also include a brief description of a new strategy for restricting the application of paramodulation. All of the problems we propose for study emphasize the role of equality. This paper is tutorial in nature.
Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring With Hoffman Reflex During Thoracic Spine Surgery: A Lesson From A Series Of 18 Patients (P5.101)

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to examine the role of H-reflex in identifying intraoperative spinal cord injury and predicting postoperative neurological outcomes in patients undergoing thoracic spine surgery. BACKGROUND: Introperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and transcranial motor evoked potentials are widely used in a variety of spinal surgeries to reduce the risk of spinal cord injury. However, in several animal studies the H-reflex has been shown to have greater sensitivity in detecting thoracic spinal cord ischemia. DESIGN/METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 18 cases that underwent thoracic spine surgery for metastatic thoracic spinal tumors between 2011 and 2012 at the MD Anderson Cancer center. Demographic and surgical information, intraoperative neurophysiologic changes, and pre- and postoperative (at three and six months) neurologic status were collected. RESULTS: To monitor spinal cord function, H-waves and SSEPs were simultaneously monitored in our series, consisting of 4 female and 14 male patients aged 10-71 years. In 8/18 cases, metastatic tumors involved T1-6 spinal levels, while 10/18 cases had T7-12 spinal level involvement. The average intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IONM) time was 5 hours (range: 3-12 hours). Surgeries were carried out under standard general anesthesia with continuous IONM. In 13/18 cases, bilateral H-waves and SSEPs were stable throughout IONM. 4/18 cases had a <50% transient reduction in H-wave amplitude that later returned to baseline. In 1/18 case, SSEPs were absent from baseline throughout surgery. In our cohort, neither general anesthesia nor low dose muscle relaxants interfered with the H-waves. Pre-operatively, our series had Karnofsky performance status score of at least 90 with no significant lower extremity weakness. At three and six months follow up, none of the patients exhibited new post-operative neurological deficits. CONCLUSIONS: Stable intraoperative H-waves and SSEPs are suggestive of preserved postoperative neurologic outcomes. Given its greater sensitivity to spinal cord ischemia, relatively low cost, and ease of acquisition, H-reflex monitoring could be a useful adjunctive during thoracic spine surgeries. Study Supported by: Disclosure: Dr. Feyissa has nothing to disclose. Dr. Smith has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tummala has nothing to disclose.
Facilitating inquiry using technology and teams in exercise physiology: the FITT project

The link between physical inactivity and disease has become a major public health priority. The aim of this project was to reform Exercise Physiology laboratory instruction through curriculum mapping and the implementation of inquiry-based modules. Use of a quasi-experimental design, content knowledge, interviews, modules, and a questionnaire provided evidence of student performance. There was a significant knowledge difference between groups and increased comfort with the majority of course content resulting from inquiry-based versus traditional instruction.
Driven to Extremes? Motivated Bias and Attitude Polarization in One-Sided Communication Flows

As political elites become more polarized, and political rhetoric becomes increasingly conflictual, normative concerns have emerged about the state of citizen opinion. Do citizens weigh information even-handedly, or is their focus more myopic? Are citizens driven to extremes by exposure to one-sided rhetoric from elites? Using a novel experimental design, I assess the extent to which individuals’ attitudes toward marijuana legalization are influenced by targeted arguments in favor or opposition. Exposure to targeted argumentation leads to biased information processing on the part of subjects, with normatively concerning implications for opinion. Results suggest that biased processing leads to polarized opinion not only on the targeted issue, but also spreads to unrelated issues. These effects are moderated only by accessibility of prior beliefs. These findings suggest a point of concern for the objectivity of citizens when faced with one-sided political debate.
Amphiphilic triblocks to control assembly of mixed or segregated bilayers and monolayers

Triblock amphiphilic molecules composed of three distinct segments provide a large parameter space to obtain self-assembled structures beyond what is achievable with conventional amphiphiles. To obtain a molecular understanding of the thermodynamics of self-assembly, we develop a coarse-grained triblock polymer model and apply self-consistent field theory to investigate the packing mechanism into layer structures. By tuning the structural and interaction asymmetry, we are able to obtain bilayers and monolayers, where the latter may additionally be mixed (symmetric) or segregated (asymmetric). Of particular interest for a variety of applications are the asymmetric monolayers, where segregation of end blocks to opposite surfaces is expected to have important implications for the development of functional nanotubes and vesicles with distinct surface chemistries.
Role of translational studies in optimizing palliative chemotherapy

Patients with metastatic breast cancer have a highly variable clinical course. Systemic chemotherapy may decrease symptoms and prolong survival for some patients. However, others experience significant toxicity and achieve little benefit. Predictive markers are needed to determine which patients will benefit from particular chemotherapy agents and which should be offered novel therapeutics.
William Styron's SOPHIE'S CHOICE and Hart Crane's THE HARBOR DAWN

At the time of The Bridge's publication in 1930, critics attacked it for failing to be what Hart Crane asserted it would: an epic American myth. Commending the poem's beauty, 1 critics were perplex...
Rate of concept identification and the noticeability of the relevant dimension

Six groups of Ss were given concept identification tasks involving stimuli varying in six dimensions. A different dimension was relevant for each of the six groups and the observed identification rate was compared to measures of relative salience of the dimensions provided by a separate set of Ss. The failure to obtain a positive correlation between the measure of relative salience of a dimension and ease of concept identification when that dimension was relevant is discussed in terms of a distinction between “noticing” a cue and “using” a cue.
The Structure, Expression and Arrangement of Legumin Genes in Peas

Summary This paper considers the structure and genetics of legumin from Pisum , the structure of its mRNAs and the structure, organization and expression of its genes.
Factors influencing sulfation in isolated rat hepatocytes.

Abstract Sulfation of harmol by isolated hepatocytes was dependent on an exogenous source of sulfate. Inorganic sulfate ion stimulated sulfation by over ten fold. Analysis of the stimulation of harmol sulfation by sulfate indicated a K m of 239 μM and a V max of 1.1 μmoles harmol sulfate/min/10 6 cells. Cysteine also stimulated the rate of harmol sulfation but was less effective than sulfate ion. Lithium chloride inhibited harmol sulfation. Sulfation was unaffected by several metabolic alterations which inhibited harmol glucuronidation. Fasting for 24 hours, and incubation with ethanol or linoleic acid, did not influence the rate of sulfation but inhibited glucuronidation by 50 percent.
New times for biology: nerve cultures and the advent of cellular life in vitro

Abstract This article is about the beginnings of tissue culture—the culture of living, reproducing cells of complex organisms outside the body. It argues that Ross Harrison’s experiments in nerve culture between 1907 and 1910 should be viewed as part of a larger shift in early twentieth-century laboratory practice from in vivo to in vitro experimentation. Via a focus on the temporality of experiment—contrasting the live object of Harrison’s investigation with the static object of histological representations—this article details the production of a new and surprising form of life, cellular life in vitro. Tissue culture, developed from Harrison’s experiments, was greeted with great surprise and disbelief, despite Harrison’s protestations that he had merely juxtaposed extant techniques. An analysis of these initial reactions to tissue culture illuminates the extent to which cells living visibly outside of the body in glass broke with in vivo practices and assumptions of the hiddenness and interiority of certain processes of growth and change.
Gifted education in transition: The dawn of a new era

As education of gifted students becomes more established in public schools, it also becomes more sophisticated. Thus where once existed only a resource room setting for gifted fourth through sixth graders, now can be found more comprehensive programs spanning al (or most) grade levels. After decades of debate on how “best” to define giftedness, researchers are now presenting evidence that there is no single conception of giftedness, for the many ways that exist to express talent require that our definitions of giftedness be individualistic and malleable rather than fixed. Also as the field matures we are finding a greater emphasis is being placed on meeting the needs of those groups of gifted students who hove historically been the least recognized: underachievers, gifted adolescents, and intellectually able persons with handicaps. The focus of this article is to concentrate on these recent modifications in our conception of giftedness, gifted children, and gifted programs. Recent and historical research ...
Bilateral 6-OHDA lesions of the locus coeruleus impair associative olfactory learning in newborn rats

On postnatal day 4 (PN4) Wistar rat pups were anesthetized and received bilateral infusions of 6-OHDA into the locus coeruleus or received vehicle infusions. On PN6 pups were trained in a classical conditioning paradigm with intra-oral milk infusions as the UCS and citral odor as the CS. Pups were trained in either 'paired', 'odor-only', 'milk-only' or 'backward' (milk then odor) conditions. On PN7 acquisition of a learned odor preference to the CS was tested in a two-odor choice test. HPLC analysis showed that locus coeruleus lesions significantly reduced olfactory bulb NE content but had no effect on olfactory bulb DA or 5-HT levels compared to controls. Pups receiving locus coeruleus lesions did not differ in behavioral response patterns during training compared to their littermate, vehicle controls. However, locus coeruleus lesions impaired acquisition of conditioned odor preferences. These results suggest that NE output from the locus coeruleus is critical for early olfactory learning.
Correlation of radiographic and endoscopic evaluation of gastrojejunal anastomosis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

Abstract Background Anastomotic stenosis presents as one of the most common late complications in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery. It is often diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) and/or upper endoscopy (UE). The aim of this study was to determine whether a correlation exists between the Gastrografin UGIS and UE findings in the determination of gastrojejunal anastomotic strictures after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). Methods Between July 2001 and October 2003, all medical records of patients who underwent RYGB at our institution were retrospectively reviewed. The medical records of patients who underwent UE because of symptoms suggestive of gastric outlet obstruction and those of patients who were initially evaluated by Gastrografin UGIS before UE were evaluated further. Results Of 535 morbidly obese patients who underwent RYGB, 52 (9.7%) had UE and were included in this study. The mean number of UEs performed per patient was 2.67. Of these 52 patients, 30 underwent Gastrografin UGIS before UE. The mean diameter of the anastomosis on the first UE was 5.97 mm and on Gastrografin UGIS was 6.83 mm. A good correlation was found between the Gastrografin UGIS and UE findings using Pearson's correlation coefficient (0.44, P = .02) and single linear regression analysis using the endoscopic diameter as the outcome and radiographic findings as the predictor (β = 0.27, P = .025, 95% confidence interval 0.30–0.49). Conclusion In our study, the Gastrografin UGIS findings correlated positively with the endoscopic gastrojejunal anastomosis findings in patients with anastomotic stricture who had undergone RYGB.
Al/Ni formation reactions: characterization of the metastable Al9Ni2 phase and analysis of its formation

The metastable phase Al9Ni2 was investigated in order to characterize the thermodynamics and kinetics of its formation. Here, Al9Ni2 was observed as the first phase to form in a series of sputter-deposited Al/Ni multilayer foils, but it did not form in foils with a very small bilayer period (12.5 nm). In these foils, the stable phase Al3Ni was the first phase observed. Using differential scanning calorimetry, the heat of formation and the Gibbs free energy for the formation of Al9Ni2 were both calculated to be −28 kJ/mole·atom. The average activation energy for Al9Ni2 was determined using a Kissinger analysis and was found to vary with bilayer thickness, with an average value of 1.58 ± 0.06 eV. In light of these experimental results, a simple nucleation model based on thermodynamics and diffusional intermixing is proposed to explain why Al9Ni2 forms before Al3Ni in most cases, except in foils with very small bilayers where it is absent.
The periaqueductal gray-raphe magnus projection contains somatostatin, neurotensin and serotonin but not cholecystokinin.

Abstract The retrograde transport-HRP-immunocytochemical technique was employed to ascertain if the periaqueductal gray-raphe magnus projection arises from neurons containing somatostatin, neurotensi, serotonin or cholecystokinin. Following HRP injections into the raphe magnus (NRM) double-labeled cells containing HRP reaction product and somatostatin-, neurotensin- or serotonin-like immunoreactivity were identified in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG). No cholecystokinin-like immunoreactive double-labeled neurons were found in the PAG. These results indicate that the PAG-NRM pathway contains somatostatin, neurotensin and serotonin but not cholecystokinin.
Catecholamine-induced T-wave lability in congenital long QT syndrome: a novel phenomenon associated with syncope and cardiac arrest.

Objective To determine the effects of phenylephrine and dobutamine on repolarization lability in patients with genotyped long QT syndrome (LQTS). Patients and Methods Between December 1998 and August 2000, 23 patients with genotyped LQTS (13 LQT1, 7 LQT2, and 3 LQT3) and 16 controls underwent electrocardiographic stress testing at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn. Aperiodic repolarization lability was quantified from digitized electrocardiograms recorded during catecholamine stress testing with phenylephrine and dobutamine. T-wave lability was quantified as a root-meansquare of the differences between corresponding signal values of subsequent beats. The magnitude of aperiodic T-wave lability was quantified by using a newly derived T-wave lability index (TWLI). Results The TWLI was significantly greater in patients with LQTS than in controls (0.0945±0.0517 vs 0.0445±0.0123; P P Conclusions Beat-to-beat nonalternating T-wave lability occurs in LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3 patients during catecholamine provocation and is associated with a history of prior cardiac events. The quantification of this novel phenomenon may assist in identifying LQTS patients with increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
Mapping tori of endomorphisms of free groups

For al large class of endomorphisms of finitely generated free groups we prove that their mapping tori groups are word-hyperbolic if and only if they don’t contain Baumslag-Solitar subgroups.
Glycated haemoglobin in diabetic women with and without HIV infection: data from the Women's Interagency HIV Study.

BackgroundLimited data suggest that glycated haemoglobin (haemoglobin A1c; A1C) values might not reflect glycaemic control accurately in HIV-infected individuals with diabetes.MethodsWe evaluated r...
Electrochemistry using self-assembled DNA monolayers on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.

Duplex DNA functionalized with pyrene has been utilized to fabricate DNA-modified electrodes on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Films have been characterized using AFM and radioactive labeling as well as electrochemically. The data obtained are consistent with a close-packed structure in the film with helices oriented in a nearly upright orientation, as seen earlier with the fabrication of thiol-tethered duplexes on gold. Also as on gold, we observe the reduction of DNA-bound intercalators in a DNA-mediated reaction. The reduction of the intercalator is attenuated in the presence of the single-base mismatches, CA and GT, independent of the sequence composition of the oligonucleotide. This sensitivity to single-base mismatches is enhanced when methylene blue reduction is coupled in an electrocatalytic cycle with ferricyanide. The extended potential range afforded by the HOPG surface has allowed us also to investigate the electrochemistry of previously inaccessible metallointercalators, Ru(bpy)_2dppz^(2+) and Os(phen)_2dppz^(2+), at the DNA-modified HOPG surface. These results support the application of DNA-modified HOPG as a convenient and reproducible surface for electrochemical DNA sensors using DNA-mediated charge transport.
Orthotopic Cardiac Transplant and Straight-Back Syndrome: A Case Report

Straight-back syndrome is a common malformation of the thoracic spine that is associated with a marked decrease in the anterior-posterior intrathoracic cavitary space. The authors describe their experience with a patient with straight-back syndrome who required orthotopic cardiac transplantation. Mi nor modification of the procurement and surgical procedure was required to facilitate graft implantation without cardiac compression.
School-based mental health program evaluation: children's school outcomes and acute mental health service use.

BACKGROUND This study examined the impact of school-based mental health programs on children's school outcomes and the utilization of acute mental health services. METHODS The study sample included 468 Medicaid-enrolled children aged 6 to 17 years who were enrolled 1 of 2 school-based mental health programs (SBMHs) in a metropolitan area sometime during school year 2006-2007. A multilevel analysis examined the relative effects of SBMHs on children's absence, suspension, grade promotion, use of acute mental health services, as well as the association of child and school-level factors on the outcomes of interest. RESULTS Little change in average number of days absent per month and no significant change in the use of acute mental health services were found. The mean number of days suspended per month out-of-school decreased from 0.100 to 0.003 days (p < .001). The percentage of children promoted to the next grade increased almost 13% after program enrollment (p < .01). Program type did not predict outcome changes except grade promotion. CONCLUSIONS Despite the positive effect of school-based mental health programs on some school outcomes, the lack of difference between programs suggests the need to identify active mechanisms associated with outcome to make the delivery of care more efficient.
Geometrical generalization ofγ5-invariance

It will be shown that all the free Lagrangians and the well-established strong, intermediate and weak interaction Lagrangians are invariant for a special transformation which has a simple geometrical meaning and is a natural generalization of theγ5-transformation. This invariance with certain further requirements can limit the possible interaction types to a very small number.
Limitations of the Contractarian Approach to Accounting Regulation: Enforcement of Accounting Contracts, 1843-1931

Abstract The idea of contract has assumed a central place in accounting literature. In particular, researcher have noted the use of accounting contracts in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to constrain accounting choice in the absence of statutory regulation. The existence of these agreements has become a principal source of empirical evidence in arguments favouring a return to "freedom of contract" in financial reporting. These arguments characterize non-contractual legal approaches as "regulatory" and contract as autonomous party control. Following Braucher (1990), this study rejects this strict dichotomy and argues that contract, like all other law, has its own regulatory dimensions, which are most apparent in the process of enforcement. Using US legal cases from the period 1843-1931, the study shows that even in the "golden age" of accounting contracts, external normative definition was essential to the enforcement of accounting-based agreements. We conclude that abandoning non-contractual legal approaches would not release accounting relations from external normative choices.
Effects of mammalian gonadotropins (LH, FSH, HCG) and gonadal steroids on TSH-induced metamorphosis of Ambystoma tigrinum (Amphibia: Caudata).

Abstract The hypothesis that gonadotropins and/or gonadal steroids inhibit metamorphosis of neotenic salamanders was investigated in the tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum . Sexually immature larvae were pretreated for 2 weeks with gonadotropins (LH and/or FSH, HCG) or gonadal steroids (testosterone and/or estradiol-17β) followed by continued treatment plus TSH. None of the hormones tested inhibited TSH-induced metamorphosis. LH, in fact, promoted metamorphosis during the pretreatment period, and testosterone accelerated TSH-induced metamorphosis. The induction of metamorphosis by LH can be accounted for in terms of TSH contamination. FSH did not contain sufficient TSH contamination to induce metamorphosis at the dosage employed. The importance of sensitivity of amphibian thyroid glands to mammalian TSH and the implications of TSH contaimination of pituitary gonadotropin preparations are discussed.
Social networks and health status: Linking theory, research, and practice

Abstract Social support and social networks are among the psychosocial influences of physical and mental well-being. This literature review attempts to link the theory, research, and practice relevant to social networks and their association with health status. It is necessary that we extend our intervention strategies to build upon and collaborate with the individual and collective expertise of social networks.
Optical Properties of Gallium Arsenide-Phosphide

The index of refraction of Ga (${\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$) is measured as a function of photon energy by the minimum-angle-of-deviation prism method at 300 and ${87}^{\mathrm{o}}$K. The dielectric constant in the optical region is found to vary linearly as a function of mole fraction of GaP between the values for GaAs and GaP. Curve-fit data are presented which allow calculation of index of refraction at 300 and ${87}^{\mathrm{o}}$K for a given crystal composition $x$ and photon energy. Transmission data on Ga (${\mathrm{As}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{P}}_{x}$) are obtained at 300 and ${77}^{\mathrm{o}}$K. The reflectivity is calculated from the index of refraction and is used to calculate the absorption constant, assuming multiple internal reflections in the crystal. In the infrared, true free-carrier absorption is observed for degenerate GaAs-rich mixed crystals, whereas absorption due to transitions from donor levels to the conduction band is dominant in GaP-rich mixed crystals. The band-to-band absorption seen by Spitzer and Whelan in GaAs is observed in GaAs-rich alloys, and is thought to be due to transitions from the (0,0,0) minimum to minima in the $〈111〉$ directions. Finally, the absorption edge is investigated, and the Burstein shift of the absorption edge to higher energies with increased doping is observed, as well as shifts to lower energies due to compensation. In all cases, the fundamental absorption edge is found to exhibit an exponential dependence on photon energy.
Orifice Flows of Polyethylene Oxide Solutions

THE mechanism of some high molecular weight polymers to reduce the frictional resistance of liquids is the subject of considerable speculation and research1, and many investigators have noted exceptionally high pipe entry losses2. In the course of such experiments, this author observed that high pressure losses (of the order of ten kinetic heads) similarly existed across the turbulent suppressant screens positioned upstream of the pipe inlet nozzle. Such an effect could have a substantial influence in the free stream turbulence level as well as being germane to flowmeter calibrations and a variety of design situations.
RADIOACTIVE SPECIES PRODUCED BY COSMIC RAYS IN THE BOGOU IRON METEORITE

Abstract A 300 g slice of the Bogou iron meteorite which fell on August 14, 1962, has been quantitatively analyzed 239 days after fall for radioactive nuclei by a nondestructive analysis of the emitted gamma rays. Three different methods were used to record and analyze the gamma-ray spectrum.