cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COMA DUE TO TRANSIENT HYPERAMMONEMIA IN THE PRETERM INFANT

We have seen 3 preterm infants with respiratory distress and severe central nervous system depression due to transient hyper-ammonemia. All 3 were 34-36 wk products of uncomplicated vertex deliveries with Apgar scores ≥ 6 at 1 min andi 8 at 5 min. All developed respiratory distress in the first hour of life and later required mechanical ventilation with inspired oxygen concentrations of > 50%. Lethargy progressing to coma with apnea, loss of response to deep pain, and unreactive pupils developed at 14-40 hrs of age, prior to protein feedings in 2 infants. Two had seizure activity. Ammonia levels of 844 to 5660 μmol/1 (nl<70 μmol/l) were obtained 50 to 84 hrs after birth. Two had return of spontaneous movement and respiration during exchange transfusion. The third infant (ammonia level 5660μmol/l) also required 36 hrs of peritoneal dialysis before regaining responsiveness. Ammonia levels fell to normal after treatment and remained low from 7 days of age. Electrolytes, BUN, liver enzymes, urine and plasma amino acids, and cultures of CSF, blood and urine were unremarkable. All infants subsequently took protein feedings without a rise in ammonia. Two infants later had liver biopsies with normal levels of urea cycle enzymes. All 3 are apparently normal at 8 to 20 mos of age. Transient hyperammonemia of unknown etiology should be considered and treated vigorously in preterm infants with CNS depression and respiratory distress.
Maintenance of weight loss in patients with body mass index >60 kg/m2: importance of length of small bowel bypassed

Abstract Background It is commonly believed that weight loss after biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch is inversely related to the length of the alimentary limb and the common channel. However, the effect of the biliopancreatic limb length (BPL) on weight loss has received little attention. Methods A total of 1001 patients after biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch (209 men and 792 women, mean age 42 ± 10 yr, mean body mass index [BMI] 52 ± 9 kg/m 2 ) were divided into 2 groups according to the ratio of the BPL to the total small bowel length (SBL): a BPL ≤45% of the SBL versus a BPL >45% of the SBL. The nutritional parameters and percentage of excess weight loss were compared between the 2 groups. Results In patients with a BMI of ≤60 kg/m 2 , the percentage of excess weight loss at 1 year postoperatively was 66.8% for those with a BPL ≤45% of the SBL and 69.3% for those with a BPL >45% of the SBL ( P = NS). At 2 years, the corresponding percentages were 73.7% and 79.5% ( P = NS) and, at 3 years, were 73.4% and 75.2% ( P = NS). In patients with a BMI >60 kg/m 2 , the corresponding percentages of excess weight loss was 56.8% versus 61.4% ( P = .07) at 1 year, 62.2% versus 77.5% ( P = .04) at 2 years, and 59.8% versus 77.5% at 3 years ( P = .05). Conclusion The results of our study have shown that amount of weight lost after biliopancreatic diversion/duodenal switch is directly related to the proportion of small bowel bypassed in patients with a BMI >60 kg/m 2 . Also, the effect increased with the duration of follow-up. In less heavy patients, the BPL/SBL ratio had a minimal effect on long-term weight loss and a more pronounced effect on nutritional parameters.
Acetylene reduction by the iron-molybdenum cofactor from nitrogenase.

Abstract The iron-molybdenum cofactor isolated from component I of nitrogenase catalyzes the reduction of acetylene to ethylene in the presence of sodium borohydride. Like nitrogenase, this activity is strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide. From the initial rates of the reaction, the specific activity of the iron-molybdenum cofactor is 34 nmoles of ethylene formed per minute per nmole of Mo in the cofactor. This activity is about 8% of the activity of nitrogenase with an equivalent amount of Mo. ATP has no stimulatory effect on the cofactor activity.
CP violation in K±→π±π0☆

The CP violating asymmetry [Γ(K+ → π+π0) − Γ(K− → π−π0)][Γ(K+ → π+π0) + Γ(K− → π−π0)] due to isospin breaking effects is estimated. It is found that the dominant contribution to the asymmetry comes from an electromagnetic correction to the weak amplitude, yielding a value of order 10−6. Isospin breaking terms due to quark masses do not contribute to the asymmetry.
The development of taxonomic structure in lexical memory

Abstract Is there a shift from schematic to taxonomic organization in lexical memory from the preschool to the adult years (e.g., Nelson, 1982 )? In two cued recall studies, subjects in five different cue conditions were presented with the same tobe-remembered (TBR) items. In different conditions, cures were related to the TBR items either schematically (zoo-elephant) or taxonomically. Three kinds of taxonomic cues were used: superordinate (animal-elephant), slot-filler (monkey-elephant), and coordinate (cat-elephant). Cues and TBR items were selected for their salience, familiarity, and meaningfulness to subjects on the basis of extensive pilot interviews with peers. Schematic and superordinate cues were most effective in aiding recall, and coordinate cues were least effective, for both preschoolers and kindergartners in Experiment 1, and for both preschoolers and college students in Experiment 2. Thus, the relative strength of different kinds of relationships, as reflected in cued recall performance, does not appear to change with age. The findings are consistent with the view that lexical memory is both schematically and taxonomically organized from early childhood.
The Dynamics of Public Opinion on Ethnic Profiling After 9/11 Results From a Survey Experiment

This study examines support for ethnic profiling in the United States as a counterterrorism tactic. It first compares support for counterterrorism profiling with support for profiling Black motorists. Then, it investigates whether the status of the profilee as a U.S. citizen of Arab or Middle Eastern appearance or as an immigrant alters either support for profiling or the determinants of that support. In both sets of analyses, the study investigates how competing ideas about the meaning of American identity shape opinions about profiling. Particular attention is paid to liberalism’s emphasis on the rights of citizenship and ethnoculturalism’s emphasis on the ascriptive boundaries of American identity. The results show that support for counterterrorism profiling is higher than support for profiling Black motorists, that people are more supportive of profiling immigrants than they are of profiling U.S. citizens, and that how people define what it means to be American is a powerful predictor of such support. The perspective promoted by the increasing number of radical activists on issues related to immigration—that being American means being a White European Christian—is the most powerful predictor of support for profiling. A liberal understanding of being American can offset some, but not all, of that support. The implications of these findings for future opinions and activism on post-9/11 issues are discussed.
Cleveland council removes city manager hopkins

The reasons behind Mr. Hopkins dismissal; the new city manager and the future of manger governmetn in Cleveland.
Methemoglobinemia From Topically Applied Anesthetic Spray

Topically applied anesthetic spray is commonly used as part of premedication for general anesthesia and for endoscopic procedures; it is rarely associated with side effects. In this report, we describe two cases of toxic methemoglobinemia that resulted from topically applied anesthetic spray used before endoscopy. In both cases, standard doses were used; however, methemoglobin levels of 45% and 38% developed within 1 hour of the procedure. Both patients had normal levels of erythrocyte methemoglobin reductase, an indication that this rare but potentially fatal side effect can occur in persons who have no predisposing factors. Because toxic methemoglobinemia is easily treated, our report emphasizes the need to recognize this problem when topically applied anesthetic sprays are used.
Effects of replacing a portion of the AlGaAs base-emitter junction of heterojunction bipolar transistors by GaAs

Published experimental results have shown that the base current and hence the current gain of passivated AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors is dominated by recombination in the base-emitter space charge region. Because the lifetime of AlGaAs is shorter than GaAs, a theoretical analysis and experimental investigation were carried out to assess the merit of replacing a portion of the graded AlGaAs base-emitter junction. This replacement potentially reduces the space charge recombination current. Experimental results are obtained for transistors with various replacement thicknesses. The theoretical calculations agrees well with the measured data, from which the lifetime in AlGaAs is estimated.
The Bacillus subtilis pnbA gene encoding p-nitrobenzyl esterase: cloning, sequence and high-level expression in Escherichia coli

p-Nitrobenzyl esters serve as protecting groups on intermediates in the manufacture of clinically important oral beta-lactam antibiotics; de-esterification of the intermediates is required for synthesis of the final product. A Bacillus subtilis PNB carboxy-esterase (PNBCE) catalyzes hydrolysis of several beta-lactam antibiotic PNB esters to the corresponding free acid and PNB alcohol. This communication (i) describes cloning the pnbA gene, which encodes PNBCE, (ii) provides the nucleotide sequence of the pnbA open reading frame (ORF) and (iii) describes a method for efficiently expressing the ORF in Escherichia coli. The amino acid (aa) sequence, deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the pnbA ORF, matched an experimentally determined N-terminal aa sequence of B. subtilis PNBCE and also matched an active site sequence previously identified by biochemical analyses. Specific activity of PNBCE in crude extracts was more than 90-fold greater in recombinant E. coli, as compared to B. subtilis. This increase in expression led to more than a 500-fold improvement in the efficiency of purification of PNBCE.
Free Vibration of a Thin-Film Inflated Torus

In this paper an overview of the mathematical model for an inflated thin-film toroidal structure is provided. In particular, attention has been confined to determine the free vibrations of inflated circular toroidal members. The provided solution is based on an improved set of equations of motion for uniform membrane. From which the dependence of natural frequencies on material properties, dimension, mode of vibration, and the inner pressure can be investigated. The validity of the developed models was verified by comparing some of the computed results with those available for special cases. Numerical results for natural frequencies and mode shapes are provided for a specific thin-film inflated torus.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
The marginal majority: Women war correspondents in the Salvadoran Press Corps Association (SPCA)

This article explores gender politics in the Salvadoran Press Corps Association (SPCA), starting with analysis of the Hemingwayesque myths and ritual performances which dominate corps culture. While men use these rituals as a means of escaping the stultifying disciplines of corporate press institutions, women correspondents experience them as yet another layer of stultifying discipline, an obstacle in the way of individual and collective attempts to negotiate or reform the field. Gender discrimination, discipline, coping strategies, and feminist alternatives will be analyzed. The data presented were derived from ethnographic study conducted during the final years of the Salvadoran war (1990–1992).
In vivo assessment of 111In-labeled hematoporphyrin derivative in breast tumor-bearing animals.

Abstract The biological behavior of 111 In-labeled HPD has been investigated in tumor-bearing animals. Mice mammary adenocarcinomas and 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracine induced breast tumors in Sprague-Dawley female rats were clearly visualized by 111 In-HPD nuclear scintigraphy. Optimal scans were obtained after a 48 h delay. In normal and tumor-bearing animals, the highest uptake of 111 In-HPD 72 h post-injection was found in the liver, the spleen and the kidneys. Depending on the size and the extent of necrosis, the uptake of 111 In-HPD by malignant breast tumors varied from 2.5% injected dose (ID) (range 0.14–5.3% ID) in mice to 1% ID (range 0.22–8.1% ID) in rats. Benign breast tumor uptake of 111 In-HPD was less that 1%ID. No significant amount of the radiopharmaceutical was found in pulmonary abscesses and abdominal cysts (
Incidence of myocarditis in peripartum cardiomyopathy

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PC), an uncommon cause of peripartum heart failure, is defined as a cardiomyopathy presenting in the last trimester of pregnancy or the first 6 months postpartum, without evidence of preexisting cardiovascular disease. The etiology of PC and idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) remains uncertain. Several reports have addressed possible differences in clinical presentation and prognosis between these groups. A relatively high incidence of myocarditis has been recently reported in patients with PC, raising the possibility that this may represent a distinct difference between this condition and IDC. A retrospective review of endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 34 patients fulfilling the criteria for a diagnosis of PC was therefore performed to further evaluate this finding. Results indicate a lower incidence of myocarditis (8.8%, 3 of 34) than that reported in other studies. This incidence was comparable to that found in an age- and sex-matched control population undergoing transplantation for IDC (9.1%, 2 of 22). Factors that may influence the diverse range in the reported incidence of myocarditis are discussed.
Post-transplant adoptive T-cell immunotherapy

Immune reconstitution following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an often slow and incomplete process that leads to increased risk of infection and malignant disease. Immunization in SCT is frequently unsuccessful due to the prolonged lymphopenia, especially of CD4 T cells, seen following transplant. The transfusion of T cells, also called 'adoptive T-cell therapy', has the potential to enhance anti-tumour and overall immunity, and augment vaccine efficacy in the post-transplant setting. Recent advances in tissue culture, cellular immunology and tumour biology are guiding new approaches to adoptive T-cell therapy. This chapter will discuss the challenges that face the field before adoptive T-cell therapy can be translated into routine clinical practice.
Complex-type Asparagine-linked Oligosaccharides on Phosphacan and Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase-ζ/β Mediate Their Binding to Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules and Tenascin

Phosphacan, a soluble nervous tissue-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan, is an alternative splicing product representing the entire extracellular domain of a transmembrane receptor-type protein-tyrosine phosphatase (RPTP zeta/beta) that also occurs as a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in brain. We have previously demonstrated that phosphacan binds with high affinity to neural cell adhesion molecules (Ng-CAM/L1 and N-CAM) and to the extracellular matrix protein tenascin and that it is a potent inhibitor of cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Tryptic digests of 125I-labeled phosphacan contain two glycopeptides that bind to Ng-CAM/L1, N-CAM, and tenascin. The larger of these (17 kDa) begins at Gln-209 near the end of the carbonic anhydrase-like domain of phosphacan/RPTP zeta/beta, whereas a 13-kDa glycopeptide begins at His-361 located in the middle of the fibronectin type III-like domain. Treatment of phosphacan with peptide N-glycosidase under nondenaturing conditions reduced its binding the neural cell adhesion molecules and tenascin by 65-75%, whereas endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase H had no effect, and peptide N-glycosidase treatment both decreased the molecular sizes of the tryptic peptides to congruent to 11 kDa and abolished their binding. Based on the amino acid sequence of phosphacan, it can be concluded that each of the tryptic peptides contains one potential N-glycosylation site (at Asn-232 and Asn-381), and analyses of the isolated glycopeptides demonstrated the presence of sialylated complex-type oligosaccharides. Our results therefore indicate that the interactions of phosphacan/RPTP zeta/beta with neural cell adhesion molecules and tenascin are mediated by asparagine-linked oligosaccharides present in their carbonic anhydrase- and fibronectin type III-like domains.
Examination of the Apoptotic Pathway and Proteolysis in the Pathogenesis of Popliteal Artery Aneurysms

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the role of apoptosis, expression of death-promoting molecules and mediators of apoptosis in the development of popliteal artery aneurysms. Methods: ten popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) specimens were obtained from patients undergoing elective surgical repair. Normal controls were popliteal arteries obtained from patients without PAA undergoing infrainguinal bypass surgery (n=8). Standard histochemistry techniques were used to assess elastic lamellae fragmentation and inflammatory infiltrate in PAA. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), macrophages, T lymphocytes, death-promoting molecules, CPP-32, Fas, p53, perforin, apoptosis-mediating Bcl-2 family proteins and apoptotic death substrate, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were detected immunohistochemically. Detection of apoptosis was by TUNEL assay. Proteolytic activity was determined by 10% gelatin gel zymography. Results: there is a conspicuous disruption and fragmentation of elastic lamellae in PAA as compared to normal arteries. Increased gelatinolytic activity was observed at 92, 84, 72 and 67 kDa in PAA tissues. There is a significant decrease of VSMCs in the PAA walls (p=0.02). The control arteries had fewer CD68+ macrophages and CD3+ T cells in their media (p
Assay of caspase activation in situ combined with probing plasma membrane integrity to detect three distinct stages of apoptosis

Activation of cysteine-aspartic acid specific proteases (caspases) in situ, in live cells, can be detected using fluorochrome-labeled inhibitors of caspases (FLICA), the reagents that covalently bind to the active center of these enzymes. In the present study, this assay was combined with a probe of plasma membrane capacity to exclude the cationic fluorochrome propidium iodide (PI). Apoptosis of HL-60 cells was induced by DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor camptothecin (CPT). The cells were then incubated with FAM-VAD-fluoro-methyl ketone (FMK), the pan-caspase FLICA, and subsequently briefly exposed to PI. The intensity of cellular green fluorescence of FLICA and red fluorescence of PI was measured by laser scanning cytometry (LSC) as well as by flow cytometry. Four distinct subpopulations were distinguished based on differences in fluorescence intensity. The subpopulations represented the sequential transitions from the stage when (a) the cells were both FLICA and PI negative (FLICA-/PI-), through the stages when (b) their caspases become progressively activated (FLICA+/PI-), (c) when their plasma membrane ability to exclude PI was lost (FLICA+/PI+), and finally (d) when the cell propensity to bind FLICA was eliminated (FLICA-/PI+). By estimating the percentage of cells in each subpopulation at different time points after administration of CPT, it was possible to study the kinetics of the transitions. The cell entry to-and progression through-these substages was asynchronous. Following this "supravital" analysis, the cells may be fixed, permeabilized, their DNA stoichiometrically stained with PI and cell cycle distribution of each of the four subpopulations analyzed. The loss of cells' ability to bind FLICA at the late stage of apoptosis indicates that caspases are either inactivated, degraded or excreted at that time point. Hence, the late apoptotic cells may not be identified solely on the evidence of the presence of activated caspases. The direct transition from FLICA-/PI- to FLICA-/PI+, bypassing the FLICA+ stages, may be considered as the marker of a primary cell necrosis.
Unveiling an ocean phantom

Certain episodes of mass fish mortality in coastal waters off the eastern United States have been ascribed to a planktonic organism called Pfiesteria. There are now fresh clues to how these fish are killed.
Thermal Motions of Surface α-Helices in the D-Galactose Chemosensory Receptor: Detection by Disulfide Trapping

The d -galactose chemosensory receptor of Escherichia coli is a 32 k Da globular protein possessing two distinct structural domains, each organized in an α/β folding motif. Helices I and X lie at adjacent approximately parallel positions on the surface of the N-terminal domain, near the hinge region. In order to analyze the relative thermal motions of these two helices, the present study utilizes a generalizable disulfide trapping approach: first, site-directed mutagenesis is used to plase a pair of cysteine residues at locations of interest on the protein surface, then disulfide bond formation is used to trap intramolecular cysteine-cysteine collisions resulting from thermal motions. Specifically, four engineered di-cysteine receptors have been constructed, each possessing one cysteine at position 26 on helix I, and a second cysteine at varying positions on helix X. A fifth control receptor possesses one cysteine at position 26, and a second on the opposite surface of the molecule. These surface cysteine substitutions have little or no effect on the measurable receptor parameters as judged by ligand binding equilibria and kinetics, protein stability, and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance, indicating that the engineered receptors are useful probes of native backbone dynamics. Spatial and kinetic features of backbone motions have been investigated by measuring intramolecular disulfide formation rates for cysteine pairs in the fully liganded receptor. The resulting rates decrease monotonically with increasing distance between cysteines in the crystal structures, while no disulfide formation is observed for the control pair unless the molecule is unfolded. The minimum translational amplitudes of the observed backbone motions range from 4·5 to 15·2A, and the minimum rotational amplitudes are as long as 35°. For each motion the rate of intramolecular sulfhydryl-sulfhydryl collisions has been estimated from the measured rate of disulfide formation: the 4·5 and 15·2Atranslations yield ∼4 and ∼ collisions s−1 molecule−1, respectively. The collisions rates, which are faster than ligand dissociation, likely underestimate the actual motional frequencies since only an undetermined fraction of the total motions yield collisions. The simplest plausible trajectory capable of producing such collisions is a rate-limiting translation of one or both helices along their long axes, coupled with minor helix rotations. When sugar is removed from the receptor, a substantial increase in backbone dynamics is observed, indicating the presence of new long-range backbone trajectories. Overall, the results suggest that internal motions in proteins may have larger amplitudes than previously observed.
Determination of micro quantities of rubber by a modified bromination method.

Abstract A method is described for determination of as little as 200 μg rubber with an accuracy of 96–97%. cis -Polyisoprene with average molecular weight as low as 41,000 was accurately determined employing a modification of a gravimetric bromide precipitation method.
Structuralism in Instructional Design

The design of mediated instruction has been traditionally premised on a behavioral model. Instructional systems were designed to complete associative connections in the learner. This mechanistic model has acceded to an organismic model of man, actively engaged in the construction of knowledge. Structuralism as a theoretical base has so pervaded instructional design procedures and principles that conceptually identical constructs are competing for attention in the field. Standardization of some of these variables in a structuralist framework will facilitate theoretical and empirical development of instructional design research.
Release of RNA from a T7 DNA template

Abstract In the presence of limiting quantities of Escherichia coli B RNA polymerase and low ionic strength, newly synthesized RNA is released spontaneously from a T7 template in vitro . Sedimentation characteristics of the released RNA suggest that most molecules are of a size which could code for more than one polypeptide.
Selection and regeneration of toxin-insensitive plants from tissue cultures of oats (Avena sativa) susceptible to Helminthosporium victoriae.

Insensitivity to the pathotoxin victorin, which is produced by the fungus Helminthosporium victoriae (Meehan and Murphy), was selected in tissue cultures of oat (Avena sativa L.) lines heterozygous for the dominant sensitive allele Vb. The Vb allele imparts both susceptibility to H. victoriae and resistance to several races of oat crown rust (Puccinia coronata var. ‘avenae’, Fraser and E. Led.). None of 84 homozygous Vb Vb oat calli survived when grown on victorin-containing medium. Among 175 calli of heterozygous Vb vb cultures grown on toxin-containing medium, 16 representing 13 separate embryo-derived culture lines produced surviving callus sectors or shoots. Based on leaf bioassays of plants regenerated after toxin selection, nine culture lines gave toxin-insensitive plants and two gave plants showing the toxin sensitivity of the parent. Two selected lines failed to regenerate. Plants regenerated from 30 culture lines which had never been exposed to toxin-containing selection medium were all toxin sensitive. The toxin insensitivity of the regenerants from the toxin-selected culture lines was heritable since progeny of these plants were all insensitive. The toxin-insensitive selected lines all were found to have coincidentally lost the Vb crown rust resistance of the original line. In cytological analysis of meiotic cells of regenerants from the selected cultures, no chromosomal deficiency was found which could be associated with, and thus account for, the loss of sensitivity to the toxin. Somatic recombination and mutation to vb vb are other possible origins of toxin insensitivity in the selections. The victorin selection demonstrates that specific resistance can be selected in tissue cultures of oats. It also provides a highly sensitive scheme to test effects of culture conditions and chemical agents on induction of genetic and chromosomal changes in tissue cultures.
Is There a Correlation Between Breast Cancer Molecular Subtype Using Receptors as Surrogates and Mammographic Appearance

The identification of distinct molecular subtypes has changed breast cancer management. The correlation between mammographic appearance and molecular subtype for invasive breast cancer has not been extensively studied. A retrospective review of our prospectively collected database was performed to evaluate the mammographic appearance and molecular subtypes of all cases of invasive breast cancers diagnosed between 2003 and 2010. There were 985 cases of invasive breast cancer with complete data on receptor status and mammographic appearance. The most common mammographic finding was a mass (61 %), and the most common molecular subtype was ER/PR positive, HER2 negative (71 %). On univariate analysis, race, stage, and histology were all significantly associated with molecular subtype. On multivariate analysis, the luminal molecular type was associated with architectural distortion [odds ratio (OR) 4.3, 95 % CI 1.3–14.1]; HER2 positive cancers, either with or without ER/PR expression, were more likely to be associated with mammographic calcifications (OR 2.8 and 3.1, respectively; 95 % CI 1.7–4.8 and 1.7–5.5); and triple negative cancers were most likely to be associated with a mammographic mass (OR 2.5; 95 % CI 1.4–4.4). We observed several characteristic associations between molecular subtype and mammographic appearance. Improved understanding of these associations may help guide clinical decision making and provide information about underlying tumor biology.
Prefrontal connections of medial motor areas in the rhesus monkey

Several areas on the medial surface of the frontal lobe in both monkeys and humans, including the supplementary motor area and specific areas within the ventral bank of the cingulate sulcus called the cingulate motor areas, have been implicated in the initiation and execution of skiled movements. These areas project directly to the motor cortex and spinal cord, and, on this basis alone, can be considered premotor areas. The present study investigated whether these premotor areas are specific targets of prefrontal cortical projections in the rhesus monkey and thereby provide links between this association cortex and motor effector pathways. Circumscribed injections of wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase were placed into different cytoarchitectonic subdivisions of prefrontal cortex, and resultant retrograde and anterograde labeling examined with respect to designated premotor targets. Conversely, injections were also made in the supplementary and cingulate motor areas and labeled cells and terminals charted in the prefrontal cortex. A principal finding in this study is the identification of multiple prefrontal regions that project to the supplementary motor area, the cingulate motor areas, or both. Areas 46, 8a, 9, 11, and 12 are reciprocally connected with an area of the superior frontal gyrus in or near the supplementary motor area at its rostral margin. A smaller constellation of prefrontal areas, areas 46, 8a, and 11, is reciprocally connected with portions of cingulate cortex that have been classified as premotor arm and/or leg representations (Hutchins et al., Exp Brain Res 71:667–672, 1988). In accordance with numerous previous reports, prefrontal areas 46, 8a, 9, 10, 11, and 12 are reciprocally connected with “nonmotor” subdivisions of cingulate cortex. The results presented here specify the corticocortical connections by which prefrontal cortex may influence motor output. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Improved fault diagnosis in scan-based BIST via superposition

An improved approach for diagnosis of scan-based BIST designs is proposed. The enhancement in diagnosis is achieved by utilizing the superposition principle. Scan cells are partitioned pseudorandomly for observation and the ones provably fault free are removed from the potentially faulty list. Diagnostic resolution is improved by a novel application of the superposition principle, resulting in significant reductions in diagnosis time.
Is Research Utilization for Social Workers

Analysis of articles in Social Work and four journals of other fields suggests that social work lacks a strong research tradition. Most authors cited in Social Work articles are not social workers. Social Work ranks last among the journals in the proportion of articles that report research. Possible causes of the profession's weak research orientation include frequent shifts of intellectual emphasis, stronger orientations to people than to ideas, careers not requiring attention to research, and restrictive agency policies. Research utilization might increase if the profession concentrated on developing an indigenous research tradition and relied less on outsiders for its knowledge.
Density of RDX Crystals Grown During High Acceleration in an Ultracentrifuge

RDX (cyclotrimethylene-trinitramine) crystals were grown during high acceleration (high g) in an ultracentrifuge. These crystals are found to have a density ∼0.6% greater than 1 g crystals and to have a greatly reduced defect content. The high g crystals should therefore have significantly reduced shock sensitivity as compared to commercial grade RDX. When a RDX saturated acetone solution is accelerated at 200,000 g, the RDX solute molecules move individually through the acetone solvent molecules to form a RDX crystal because the density of the RDX (Theoretical Maximum Density 1.806 g/cc) solute is more dense than the acetone (0.79 g/cc)solvent. Crystal growth is controlled by the g-force. Crystal defects including voids and solution inclusions caused by temperature variation or evaporation at 1 g are minimized and the RDX crystal density increases. A nitrogen pycnometer was used to measure the density of the RDX crystals grown at 1 g and at 200,000 g. The density of the RDX crystals grown at 200,000 g (1.7980±0.0003 g/cc) is found to be greater than the density of RDX crystals grown at 1 g (1.7881±0.0003 g/cc) by 0.0099 g/cc. The density of the high g crystal is 99.6% of the Theoretical Maximum Density of RDX.
Performance of an aqua-ammonia absorption solar refrigerator at sub-freezing evaporator conditions

Abstract Ice making by means of a solar-assisted aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration unit at subfreezing evaporator conditions is considered in terms of its technical and economic feasibility. A computer-aided thermodynamic analysis is performed for various ranges of operation parameters, three climatic locations varying from 15°N to 43°N latitude and four solar collector types, i.e. flat plate, compound parabolic collector, and east-west and north-south axis tracking concentrators. In order to use an air-cooled condenser, the simultation is predicted on an absorber temperature of 35°C and a condenser temperature of 38°C. The results indicate that for generator pressures of 1.02 to 2.07 MPa, generator temperatures greater than 120°C are required. At these conditions, the COP is on the order of 0.5 and a conventional flat plate collector is not satisfactory. For the three climates, the compound parabolic collector (CPC) has a higher output than an east-west axis tracking concentrator but less than the north-south tracker. The shape of the insolation curves at the lower latitudes causes difficulties in obtaining optimal collector sizes. The cost comparison between the CPC and north-south tracker indicates that overall system costs will range between $85 and $155,000 (1981) for a one ton of ice per day system. The projected costs per ton for a 25-year life are in the range of $10 to $20, which are favorable compared to the cost of domestic ice.
CONCERNING ANTERIOR PITUITARY HORMONES

The data presented here supplement a preliminary statement (1, 2) and a fuller account soon to be published (3) concerning the isolation and physiological actions of an anterior pituitary hormone which is now known as “prolactin.” Competent investigators of the anterior pituitary rightly require very exacting proofs that hormones other than those first identified with “growth” and “sex-maturity” responses are formed in the anterior pituitary; and this insistence is concurrent with their ready recognition of some twenty physiological effects—primary, secondary or otherwise—already known to bo provokable with anterior pituitary substances; but they realize that even a single (e.g., sex-maturity) hormone—with the inclusion of differences incident to stage of life cycle and to amounts administered—may conceivably evoke twenty responses of primary, secondary or other nature. Before any reaction or response to an “extract” can be considered to indicate a hitherto unknown pituitary principle it is necessary to s...
Six of the best: cystic fibrosis

ANTI-STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROPHYLAXIS A recent meta-analysis based largely on one good although relatively small study perhaps predictably concluded that more information was needed. A further consideration is whether prophylaxis should just be against Staphylococcus aureus alone, with a narrow spectrum antibiotic, or whether the spectrum should be broadened to take in Haemophilus influenzae, another important early CF pathogen. The fear with either of these options is that they will favour early onset Pseudomonas aeruginosa acquisition. Interestingly, the Danish clinic does not use any form of prophylaxis, preferring to take multiple cultures and treat only positive results. It is worth remarking that it would be dangerous to take on part of the Danish (or any other) regimen and expect to obtain the same results; undoubtedly one major factor is their enviable success in monthly patient attendance to have cultures taken. There can be few if any British clinics able to achieve this. In the context of only irregular cultures being performed, it might be safer to use prophylaxis. One small American study and a larger study presented orally but shamefully never published as a peer reviewed paper (Table 1) suggested that prophylaxis with
Observation of low‐order toroidal modes from the 1989 Macquarie Rise event

SUMMARY At frequencies below 1 mHz toroidal modes are more difficult to observe than spheroidal modes for two reasons. First, the comparatively rapid decay of the signal (low Q factor) of toroidal modes and the consequently short records which have to be analysed result in low resolution in frequency. Secondly, high noise on horizontal component seismometers due to their sensitivity to tilts induced by atmospheric disturbances makes it difficult to observe long-period motion. Here we present observations of the lowest order toroidal modes based largely on digital recordings of the 1989 Macquarie Rise event. We present what we believe to be the first unambiguous observation of the gravest toroidal mode oT2. We estimate multiplet degenerate frequencies and Q for the fundamental modes up to ,TI,, and the overtone lG. The frequencies of individual singlets are estimated for the modes o&-o&, and for the three multiplets o&-oco we have sufficient signal to estimate also the degree 2 aspherical structure coefficients.
Methoxyphenylpolysiloxane Stationary Phases for Capillary Column Gas Chromatography

Selectivite et stabilite des phases selon leur composition (teneur en siloxane) et leur structure
Stool Studies: Tried, True, and New

Much information can be obtained about a patient's gastrointestinal and overall nutritional status through stool samples. Important infectious processes and neoplastic processes are initially identified through diagnostic tests and screening of stool samples. Although in some arenas they are a source of embarrassment and distaste, the value of correctly obtained samples is unquestionable. Patient collaboration with a critical care nurse is integral to obtaining stool samples.
Exposure to child care, parenting style and attachment security

The present study addressed whether security of attachment is differentiated by quality of parenting and quantity of exposure to child care. Sixty mothers participated with their 14-month-old infants, who by the age of 12-months had received either exclusive maternal care, or varying degrees of exposure to child care. Levels of attachment security were assessed through maternal completion of the Attachment Q-Set(AQS); parenting quality was assessed through observations of mother–infant interactions during structured tasks. The scores that less sensitive mothers assign their toddlers is higher when their children are in child care for more hours per week; whereas the scores that more sensitive mothers assign their toddlers is lower when their children are in child care for more hours per week. These contrasting patterns suggest that the effects of parenting style on attachment security are moderated by quantity of exposure to child care. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of cerebral perfusion using the “bookend technique”: an evaluation in CNS tumors

We present a method of quantifying cerebral blood volume using dynamic susceptibility contrast. Our approach combines T(2)-weighted echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequences and reference scans that determine the parenchymal T(1) changes resulting from an injection of a gadolinium chelate. This combined T(2)- and T(1)-weighted approach (the "bookend" technique) has been shown to be effective in the quantification of gradient-echo (GRE) (T(2)*-weighted) perfusion images but has not been applied to spin-echo EPI (SE-EPI) (T(2)-weighted) images. The physics related to blood volume measurement based on T(2)- and T(2)*-weighted EPI sequences is known to be different, and there is a question as to whether the bookend approach is effective with SE-EPI. We have compared the quantitative SE-EPI with GRE-EPI in a series of patients with central nervous system (CNS) tumors. We found that quantitative cerebral blood volume (qCBV) values for SE-EPI and GRE-EPI are in agreement with each other and with historical reference values. A subjective evaluation of image quality showed that image quality in the SE-EPI scans was high and exhibited high interreader agreement. We conclude that measuring qCBV using the bookend technique with SE-EPI images is possible and may be a viable alternative to GRE-EPI in the evaluation of CNS tumors.
Data obfuscation: anonymity and desensitization of usable data sets

In some domains, the need for data privacy and data sharing conflict. Data obfuscation addresses this dilemma by extending several existing technologies and defining obfuscation properties that quantify the technologies' usefulness and privacy preservation.
Respiration and terminal oxidases in tomato leaves infected by Phytophthora in festans

Abstract The respiratory rate of tomato leaf tissue inoculated with race 1 (compatible) of Phytophthora infestans increased to 46% greater than that of control tissue at 72 b but dropped to a 21% increase at 96 h after inoculation. The respiratory rate of tomato tissue inoculated with race 0 (incompatible) was 13 to 22% greater than that of control tissue over a 48 to 96 h time period. In vitro activities of terminal oxidases in the compatible reaction were assayed spectrophotometrically. Ascorbic acid oxidase activity showed a 75% increase in the infected tissue at both 72 and 96 h. Polyphenoloxidase activity was increased 75% at 72 h and fivefold at 96 h in the infected tissue. Peroxidase activity was increased threefold at 72 h and sixfold at 96 h in infected tissue. No difference in catalase and cytochrome oxidase activity could be measured between control and infected tissue. Activity of glycolic acid oxidase was 40% lower at 72 h and 25% lower at 96 h in infected tissue than in control tissue. Control and infected tissue showed little difference in the in vivo activity of copper oxidases. Respiration rates and the activities of terminal oxidases were measured in mycelial extracts of tomato races 0 and one of P. infestans.
Blood Amylase Response to Acetyl-Beta-Methylcholine Chloride in Rabbits.

Conclusion1. In rabbits, as in dogs, there is a rise in blood amylase following the intramuscular injection of acetyl-betamethylcholine chloride. 2. The blood amylase response of rabbits to acetyl-beta-methylcholine chloride is not as constant as in dogs.
On the Continuous Solutions of a Degenerate Elliptic Equation

On etudie une equation aux derivees partielles, elliptique degeneree pour laquelle l'approche analytique et l'approche probabiliste fournissent differents problemes aux valeurs limites bien poses
Extension of Calculations of Rotational Temperature and Abundance of Methane in the Jovian Atmosphere

Rotational temperatures and methane abundances in Jovian atmosphere calculated for various Lorentz half widths
MEDICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF EATING DISORDERS

This article provides an overview of current psychopharmacologic research on treatment approaches in patients with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. For bulimia nervosa, in particular, the role of medication treatment has expanded substantially over the past 15 years with publication of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials demonstrating significant response to antidepressant medications. Therapeutic planning for the individual patient depends on the clinician's broad familiarity with the assessment, diagnosis, epidemiology, psychotherapeutic interventions, physiologic concomitants, and natural history of these disorders. 4 Before prescribing medication for a patient with an eating disorder, the clinician should consult the manufacturer's guidelines for use of the specific agent. Risk factors for the onset and persistence of eating-disorder symptomatology are likely to reflect biologic as well as psychosocial dimensions. Increased understanding of psychobiologic dimensions of these disorders is likely to result in improved pharmacologic treatment approaches in the future. Biologic influences may contribute to such changes as mood dysregulation or increased impulsivity, or may exert diverse effects on patterns of eating behavior per se. Heuristic models have been developed for studying psychobiologic influences on eating behavior. 11,12 Increasingly selective pharmacologic treatments may mitigate eating-disorder symptomatology through modulation of hunger, satiety, food reward, or metabolic signals. Examples of endogenous neurotransmitters and related neurochemicals involved in the regulation of these processes are as follows: •Hunger signals Norepinephrine Neuropeptide Y •Food reward signals Dopamine Endogenous opiates •Satiety signals Serotonin Cholecystokinin •Metabolic signals Leptin This list of neurochemical signals is intended to be illustrative rather than comprehensive.
Analysis of Diffusion and Reversible Reaction in Spatially Confined Systems

Facilitated gas transport in membranes is a diffusion/reaction system in which at least one reactant is spatially confined. Despite longstanding interest in this process, the consequences of spatial constraint have generally been overlooked. They are examined here in the cases of transport of the acid gases CO2, H2S, and SO2 in solutions of alkali and of ethylene in solutions of silver salts. Diffusion potentials are shown to be significant in each case, playing a role that complements spatial constraints. Nonetheless, at least in the ethylene case, fluxes calculated using an analysis that enforces spatial constraints but neglects ionic interactions are indistinguishable from those generated by an analysis that accounts for both.
Calcium-magnesium ratios in the test plates of Allocentrotus fragilis

Abstract Calcium-magnesium ratios in test plates of the sea urchin Allocentrotus fragilis (Jackson) are age-dependent and not temperature-dependent.
Discussion of “Evaporation from water‐surfaces: Status of present knowledge and need for further Investigation”

The title of this paper raises the questions of what is the engineer's knowledge of evaporation and what beneficial use can be made of that knowledge. Once these questions are answered an outline of further investigation may be suggested. The history of evaporation-studies in the West began more than half a century ago. The earliest published records in the Los Angeles Area were obtained at Pomona where measurements were made under the direction of the Division of Irrigation Investigations (now the Division of Irrigation), United States Department of Agriculture, between 1903 to 1905 (Samuel Fortier, Evaporation-losses in irrigation- and water-requirements of crops, U.S. Dept. Agric, Office Experiment Stations, Bull. 177, 1907).
Shoreline Evolution and Management of Hawke's Bay, New Zealand: Tectonics, Coastal Processes, and Human Impacts

Abstract The evolution of the coast of Hawke's Bay, New Zealand, and its erosion problems have been governed by multiple factors, including its tectonic setting with an earthquake in 1931 that altered land elevations along its shore, ranging from a 2-m uplift at its north end to 1-m subsidence at its south. Human environmental impacts have also been important, including the deforestation of the watersheds of rivers and the mining of gravel and sand from their channels, having decreased the sediment supplies to the beaches. Significant erosion has occurred at the south end of the Hawke's Bay shore, attributed in part to its subsidence in 1931, together with the net northward longshore transport of the beach sediment that is greater than the volumes being supplied by the rivers, the beach-sediment budget being significantly “in the red.” Midway along the Bay's shore, the construction of the Port of Napier's breakwater in 1887–90, extending seaward from the Buff Hill headland within that city, is interpreted...