cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Group Cohesion, Achievement Motivation, and Motivational Outcomes among Female College Students

Embedded in the theory of group cohesion and the expectancy-value model of achievement choice, the purpose of this study was to examine the predictive strengths of group cohesion on students’ motivation (expectancy-related beliefs and subjective task values) and motivational outcomes (exercise choice and class attendance) in college physical activity classes. Participants were 121 females enrolled in aerobics classes who completed questionnaires assessing group cohesion, motivational constructs, and exercise choice. Group cohesion constructs were significantly associated with motivation and motivational outcomes. These findings provide insight into how to design environments to promote motivation in physical activity classes.
The role of interferon in the therapy of low grade lymphoma.

(1993). The Role of Interferon in the Therapy of Low Grade Lymphoma. Leukemia & Lymphoma: Vol. 10, No. sup1, pp. 17-20.
Assessing landowner preferences for forest management practices to prevent the southern pine beetle: An attribute-based choice experiment approach

Abstract Southern pine beetle (SPB) prevention cost-share programs provide a financial incentive to private forest landowners in exchange for undertaking forest management practices that improve stand health. Healthy pine trees in low density stands offer the best defense against the SPB, helping to ensure that timber resources and other benefits of forests are protected against infestations. This study evaluates the preferences of forestland owners for selected forest management treatment practices (e.g., thinning) offered under this program. An attribute-based choice experiment approach was used to achieve the task. Results indicate that replanting is the option most favored by forestland owners, while prescribed burning is observed to produce disutility. Thinning was statistically insignificant, as were spatial interaction terms and a variable representing the relative rate of landowner participation in the choice scenario.
Every finite sequential machine is linearly realizable

We prove that, using the definitions of realization of one sequential machine by another which appear to be most widely accepted today, every finite sequential machine is linearly realizable over any field of infinite characteristic and even over some fields of finite characteristic. This will give us, as corollaries, answers to two open questions posed in an earlier publication. We shall show that our result is the strongest we can hope for, putting various additional restrictions on the definition of linear realizability would result in the existence of not linearly realizable finite sequential machines.
Abnormal globulins in some neoplastic diseases.

Abstract Abnormal globulins were isolated from the blood sera of three patients with neoplastic diseases. The globulins had the electrophoretic mobilities of the γ-globulins but they differed from the latter in solubility, sedimentation, viscosity, and optical rotation. All of the specimens had in common high intrinsic viscosity and low optical activity, but their sedimentation constants were different. The axial ratios were found to be approximately 10 : 1 for these globulins. The globulins are denatured easily in weakly acidic and in strongly alkaline solutions. An explanation of the phenomena was proposed.
Oleada: User-Centered TIPSTER Technology for Language Instruction

TIPSTER is an ARPA sponsored program that seeks to develop methods and tools that support analysts in their efforts to filter, process, and analyze ever increasing quantities of text-based information. To this end, government sponsors, contractors, and developers are working to design an architecture specification that makes it possible for natural language processing techniques and tools, from a variety sources, to be integrated, shared, and configured by end-users. The Computing Research Laboratory (CRL) is a longtime contributor to TIPSTER. A significant portion of CRL's research involves work on a variety of natural language processing problems, human-computer interaction, and problems associated with getting technology into the hands of end-users. CRL is using TIPSTER technology to develop OLEADA, which is an integrated set of computer tools designed to support language learners, and instructors. Further, OLEADA has been developed using a task-oriented user-centered design methodology. This paper describes the methodology used to develop OLEADA and the current system's capabilities.
POLITICAL PARTIES, PROVINCES AND CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY: TRUDEAU AND BEYOND

(1985). POLITICAL PARTIES, PROVINCES AND CANADIAN FOREIGN POLICY: TRUDEAU AND BEYOND. American Review of Canadian Studies: Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 188-204.
N-body Solutions and Computing Galactic Masses

A classical approach used to determine the mass distribution of a galaxy in terms of observed rotational velocities is applied to analytic solutions of Newtonian systems of N discrete bodies (so mass distributions are known). Predictions significantly exaggerate the amount of mass distributed at larger distances from the center; e.g., rather than the actual 5% of mass on the outer edges, the method could predict over 80%. Explanations are given for the differences.
Pathologic features and expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 in adrenocortical neoplasms.

We analyzed a series of adrenocortical neoplasms to compare the clinicopathologic features and the expression of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) in adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas. IGF-2 is a growth factor commonly expressed in many tumors including adrenal cortical and medullary neoplasms. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues from 64 adrenocortical adenomas and 67 adrenocortical carcinomas were analyzed. The carcinomas were histologically graded from 1 to 4 based on mitotic activity and necrosis. Tumor weight, size, and follow-up information were obtained by chart review. Expression of IGF-2 was detected by immunohistochemistry with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method and a monoclonal antibody against IGF-2. Adrenocortical carcinomas were larger (mean: 13.1 cm, 787 g) than adenomas (mean: 4.2 cm, 52 g) (p<0.001). In patients with adrenocortical carcinomas, high tumor grade (3 or 4) (p=0.01) was associated with decreased survival. Expression of IGF-2 was higher in adrenocortical carcinomas than in adenomas (p<0.001). These results show that tumor size and weight along with expression of IGF-2 protein are useful features to assist in distinguishing between adrenocortical adenomas and carcinomas, and that high tumor grade is a predictor of survival in adrenocortical carcinomas. However, single immunohistochemical markers such as IGF-2 or single histopathologic features cannot by themselves separate adrenocortical adenomas from carcinomas, and a combination of clinical, gross, and microscopic features are needed to establish the diagnosis in difficult cases.
Interpretation of children's blood pressure using a physiologic height correction

In a cross-sectional survey of 1834 black, Atlanta schoolchildren we corrected the customary blood pressure (BP) observations for the height of the arterial column extending from the BP cuff to the top (vertex) of the subject's head. Each cuff-to-vertex height was converted to its pressure equivalent in mmHg; then this pressure was subtracted from the observed BP to compute vertex-corrected BP values. The vertex-corrected mean arterial pressure (VMAP) ranged from 22.3 to 83.2 mmHg, but there was no estimated linear association between VMAP and age. For males, mean VMAP was 49.4 mmHg for ages 6-13 and 46.0 mmHg for ages 14-17. For females, mean VMAP was 50.2 mmHg for ages 6-17. Since VMAP appears to be independent of age in most of childhood, its use may simplify the development of pediatric BP reference values. VMAP can also serve as a non-invasive approximation of cerebral perfusion pressure. Investigators of primary hypertension may wish to use VMAP for comparing average BP levels between childhood groups which differ by potentially etiologic characteristics.
Particulate matter immunomodulatory effects on autoantibody development in New Zealand mixed mice.

Particulate matter exposures have been linked to increased mortality and morbidity that may be associated with immune dysfunction. Therefore, Lupus-prone New Zealand mixed mice (NZM) were intranasally instilled with either 30 μ l saline or 30 μ l saline suspensions of 500 μ g acid-washed PM 1648, PM 1648 or PM2.5 collected in Houston, TX, once a week for 4 weeks. Lung injury, mortality, and various immune dysfuntions were assessed. Accelerated mortality was observed in the PM 1648 and PM2.5 instilled mice compared to the acid-washed PM 1648 and saline-instilled mice. PM 1648 and PM2.5 significantly suppressed the natural development of anti-nuclear antibodies in NZM mice at 16 weeks. IgG serum levels were significantly increased in the acid-washed PM 1648 instilled mice at 8 weeks following PM instillation compared to the saline-instilled group. In contrast, IgG serum levels were significantly decreased in the PM 1648 and PM2.5 instilled mice at 8 weeks post-PM instillation as compared to the acid-washed ...
Time-reversal imaging of objects near rough surfaces based on surface flattening transform

This paper considers the imaging of objects located close to rough surfaces such as ocean or terrain. If transmitters and receivers are also located close to rough surfaces, incident wave is no longer a plane wave nor a spherical wave in free space and it is necessary to consider Green’s functions with the point source located close to the surface, similar to the Sommerfeld dipole problem. This paper considers the near-surface imaging by making use of time-reversal imaging and surface flattening transform. Surface flattening transform converts the rough surface problem into flat surface with inhomogeneous random medium. Mutual coherence function is obtained and used to obtain imaging of point target near rough surface, making use of the multi-static data matrix, time-reversal matrix, the eigenvectors, and the steering matrix. Numerical examples are given. An important point is that integration of stochastic wave propagation and signal processing is necessary to obtain imaging through complex clutter envir...
In vivo oxygen-17 NMR for imaging brain oxygen metabolism at high field.

The oxygen element is one of the most important components for life on earth because various oxygen containing molecules are present in all levels of biological systems, and oxygen accounts for two thirds of the total human body mass and 90% of the mass of water. However, in vivo oxygen-17 (17O) NMR has received very little attention compared to other in vivo NMR methodologies, such as 1H, 13C and 31P NMR; even though the 17O NMR signal was first observed in 1951 [1] and utilized since then for many chemical and biochemical applications (see a recent review by Gerothanassis [2, 3] and the cited references therein). It has been demonstrated that in vivo 17O NMR can be used to monitor the uptake or washout of an 17O-labeled exogenous agent (e.g. 17O-labeled water) for studying tissue perfusion [4–7] or for detecting oxygen-containing metabolites in living species [8–10]. Nevertheless, the most valuable and unique capability of in vivo 17O NMR is to non-invasively determine the metabolic rate of oxygen in live animals or humans (see [11–13] and references cited therein). In this review article, we attempt to provide an overview of the methodology background and the present status of in vivo 17O MR spectroscopy (MRS)/imaging (MRI) approach for imaging the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) and studying the central roles of cerebral oxygen metabolism in brain function. The challenges and potentials of this 17O-MR based CMRO2 imaging method will also be discussed.
Mazur's conjecture on higher Heegner points

In this article, we establish a non-triviality statement for Heegner points which was conjectured by B. Mazur [10], and has subsequently been used as a working hypothesis by a few authors in the study of the arithmetic of elliptic curves.
A Comparison Of Planar And Z-Plane Focal Plane Technologies For Dim Target Detection

It has been noted by many investigators that there is a desirability of using staring sensors for those applications where a weak target signal must be extracted from a heavily cluttered background. The earliest form of the focal plane array for these staring sensors evolved from the charge-coupled device (CCD) technology. The evolution and problem areas of the planar technology from its earliest form using monolithic structures to its current form of hybrid technology will be discussed. A comparison between these devices and the "Z" technology devices under development will be made, particularly in the areas of signal processing and dim target detection. For the "Z" technology devices, a comparison of various signal processing techniques will be presented using the results of an in-house developed digital simulation. These results will be compared with the signal processing requirements of the planar devices to produce comparable detection performance.
Effect of dietary vitamin E on plasma lipids and atherogenesis in restricted ovulator chickens.

Abstract Restricted ovulator hens, which develop hyperlipidemia, were fed 1000 IU vitamin E perk of diet. These hens maintained their hyperlipidemia but plasma peroxide levels were reduced to those of laying hens. The intimal thickness of the aorta was measured by light microscopy. Hyperlipidemic hens which had high plasma peroxide levels had an increased intimal thickness as compared to laying hens. Hyperlipidemic hens which had their plasma peroxide levels reduced by dietary vitamin E had intimal thicknesses the same as laying hens. It is suggested that hyperlipidemia without lipid peroxidation either does not promote atherogenesis or does so at a reduced rate.
Acume: A new visualization tool for understanding facial expression and gesture data

Facial and head actions contain significant affective information. To date, these actions have mostly been studied in isolation because the space of naturalistic combinations is vast. Interactive visualization tools could enable new explorations of dynamically changing combinations of actions as people interact with natural stimuli. This paper describes a new open-source tool that enables navigation of and interaction with dynamic face and gesture data across large groups of people, making it easy to see when multiple facial actions co-occur, and how these patterns compare and cluster across groups of participants. We share two case studies that demonstrate how the tool allows researchers to quickly view an entire corpus of data for single or multiple participants, stimuli and actions. Acume yielded patterns of actions across participants and across stimuli, and helped give insight into how our automated facial analysis methods could be better designed. The results of these case studies are used to demonstrate the efficacy of the tool. The open-source code is designed to directly address the needs of the face and gesture research community, while also being extensible and flexible for accommodating other kinds of behavioral data. Source code, application and documentation are available at http://affect.media.mit.edu/acume.
Effects of alkali metal ions on the Mg2+-activated ATPase activity of reconstituted actomyosin.

Abstract The Mg2+-activated ATPase activity of reconstituted actomyosin at high ionic strengths (about 0.10 M KCl) is stimulated when Na+ is substituted for K+. This phenomenon does not appear to reflect the non-specific structure-disrupting effects seen with higher concentrations of these alkali metal ions because inhibition of actomyosin ATPase followed the order Cs+ > Li+ > Rb+ = K+ > Na+. Alkali metal sensitivity was similar in the case of actomyosins reconstituted from tropomyosin-free actin preparations and from actin preparations that included the tropomyosin-containing protein complex that sensitizes actomyosin to Ca2+. Modification of the myosin, effected by blocking some of the more reactive SH groups, abolished the sensitivity of the subsequently reconstituted actomyosin to substitution of K+ by Na+. Sensitivity to replacement of K+ by Na+ was seen only during the clearing phase at higher ionic strengths, and no significant differences between the effects of these alkali metal ions were seen at lower ionic strengths or after superprecipitation. These different actions of the alkali metal ions thus appear to be upon the association of actin and myosin in the presence of Mg2+.
Marxism and business ethics

I explain how a Marxist would understand and respond to the phenomenon of business ethics. In Section I, I maintain that a Marxist would supplement traditional explanations of the increased interest in business ethics by an emphasis on class needs created by a situation of declining profits. I argue, in Section II, that business ethics might be used to address two needs created by this situation: (1) to legitimate the system of capitalist production: and (2) to discipline individual members of the bourgeoisie so that they will refrain from pursuing their individual interests when these conflict with the interests of their class. In Section III, I argue that there is no guarantee that business ethics will develop to meet these class needs, and that the questions to which an interest in business ethics gives rise may themselves lead to serious and effective criticism of business.
Certain Substituted Thiobisacetamic Acids and Their Salts

The syntheses of the following six substituted thiobisacetamic acid derivatives and two potassium salts are described: (a) N-(β-benzyloxyethyl)-thiobisacetamic acid; (b) N-(β-benzyloxyethyl)-α,α′-thiobis-n-propionamic acid; (c) N-(β-benzyloxyethyl)-α,α′-thiobis-n-butyramic acid; (d)N-(β-benzhydryloxyethyl)-thiobisacetamic acid; (e) N-(β-benzhydryloxyethyl)-α,α′-thiobis-n-propionamic acid; (f) N-(-β benzhydryloxyethyl)-α,α′-thiobis-n-butyramic acid; (g) potassium N-(β-benzyloxyethyl)-thiobisacetamate; (h) potassium N-(β-benzyloxyethyl)-α,α′-thiobis-n-butyramate. The following intermediates are reported for the first time: (a)α,α′-thiobis-n-propionic anhydride; (b) benzyloxyethylamine; (c) β-(α-methylbenzyloxy)-ethylamine. Preliminary pharmacological data indicated that potassium N-(β-benzyloxyethyl)-thiobisacetamate was slightly spasmogenic and relatively nontoxic. Potassium N-(β-benzhydryloxyethyl)-thiobisacetamate did not display spasmogenic or spasmolytic activity and appeared to be nontoxic.
Verb transitivity bias affects on-line sentence reading in people with aphasia

Background: Studies of sentence comprehension in non-disordered populations have convincingly demonstrated that probabilistic cues influence on-line syntactic processing. One well-studied cue is verb argument structure bias, which refers to the probability that a verb will occur in a particular syntactic frame. According to the Lexical Bias Hypothesis people with aphasia have difficulty understanding sentences in which the verb's argument structure bias conflicts with the sentence structure (e.g., a transitively biased verb in an intransitive sentence). This hypothesis may provide an account of why people with aphasia have difficulty understanding both simple and complex sentences. Aims: The purpose of this study was to test the Lexical Bias Hypothesis using an on-line measure of written sentence comprehension, self-paced reading. Methods & Procedures: The participants were 10 people with aphasia and 10 non-brain-damaged controls. The stimuli were syntactically simple transitive and intransitive sentences...
The uptake inhibitors cocaine and benztropine differentially alter the conformation of the human dopamine transporter.

The binding affinity of the cocaine analog [3H]2β-carbomethoxy-3β-(4-fluorophenyl) tropane (WIN) for the dopamine transporter (DAT) is increased by the reaction of Cys-90, at the extracellular end of the first transmembrane segment, with methanethiosulfonate (MTS) reagents. Cocaine enhances the reaction of Cys-90 with the sulfhydryl reagents, thereby augmenting the increase in binding. In contrast, cocaine decreases the reaction of Cys-135 and Cys-342, endogenous cysteines in cytoplasmic loops, with MTS reagents. Because this reaction inhibits [3H]WIN binding, cocaine protects against the loss of binding caused by reaction of these cysteines. In the present work, we compare the abilities of DAT inhibitors and substrates to affect the reaction of Cys-90, Cys-135, and Cys-342 with MTS ethyltrimethylammonium (MTSET). The results indicate that the different abilities of compounds to protect against the MTSET-induced inhibition of binding are attributable to differences in their abilities to attenuate the inhibitory effects of modification of Cys-135 and Cys-342 as well as to enhance the reaction with Cys-90 and the resulting potentiation of binding. The inhibitor benztropine was unique in its inability to protect Cys-135. Moreover, whereas cocaine, WIN, mazindol, and dopamine enhanced the reaction of Cys-90 with MTSET, benztropine had no effect on this reaction. These two features combine to give benztropine its weak potency in protecting ligand binding to wild-type DAT from MTSET. These results indicate that different inhibitors of DAT, such as cocaine and benztropine, produce different conformational changes in the transporter. There are differences in the psychomotor stimulant-like effects of these compounds, and it is possible that the different behavioral effects of these DAT inhibitors stem from their different molecular actions on DAT.
Grape Growing in Greece

The culture of the grape anid its accompanying art of wine making are of great antiquity in Greece. According to De Candolle (3), use of the grape doubtless began in prehistoric times. The poet Homer mentioned grapes and wine, and the art was probably known much earlier. The ancient Greek god, Dionysus, was patron of the crop. The Romans probably gained their knowledge of grape growinig and wine making fronm the Greeks, and for a long time they much preferred Grecian wines. It was the Greeks who founded French viticulture, near Marseille. Greece has long been famous for its production of the currants of commerce, from the 'Black Corinth' (or 'Zante currant'). According to Eisen (9), Pliny mentioned currants in the year 75 A.D. In herbals of the eleventl century and in literature of the fourteenth through sixteenth centuries, currants are referred to as "reysynis de corauntz," "corauntz, " "corent," "corawnce," "raysns of coreni," and currans." Raisins probably reached England as early as the thirteenth century (2). The species grown by the ancient Greeks, Vitis vinifera L., is still the one used in modern viticulture. This species is referred to as the Old World or European grape. Greece, including its islands, totals about 51,161 square miles (32,743,040 acres). Cultivated acreage is listed as 8,905,585 acres, about 27.2 per cent of the 'total. About 6.3 per cent of the total
Redistributive Public Employment

Politicians may use disguised' redistributive policies in order to circumvent opposition to explicit tax-transfer schemes. First, we present a theoretical model that formalizes this hypothesis; then we provide evidence that in US cities, politicians use public employment as such a redistributive device. We find that city employment is significantly higher in cities where income inequality and ethnic fragmentation are higher.
Psychophysiological Effects of Alcohol‐related Stimuli: I. The Role of Stimulus Intensity

The present study extends previous research on conditioning factors in the physiological and subjective responses to naturalistic alcohol-related stimuli. Specifically, the effects of differential alcohol ingestion histories and of stimulus intensity were examined on the occurrence of conditioned responses in the laboratory. Twelve alcoholic subjects and twelve moderate drinkers participated in a single experimental session consisting of randomized presentations of three types of stimulus trials. Each trial included gustatory and visual presentation of alcohol, pepper juice (as a control for stimulus intensity) or water. Both alcohol and pepper juice stimuli significantly increased heart rate and skin conductance responses as compared with water stimuli. In contrast, subjects significantly increased self-report ratings of high and feel different following alcohol stimuli only. Physiological and subjective responses were similar in alcoholics and social drinkers with the exception of significantly higher self-reported craving in alcoholic subjects. These findings suggest that stimulus intensity contributes to the magnitude of physiological but not subjective responses to alcohol-related stimuli. Language: en
Multisensor fusion for airport surface movement area surveillance and safety

In this paper we describe the nature of the problem of surveillance of airport surface movement. We describe the characteristics, performance, and unique problems of various airport sensors available, and the need to develop a fusion system to provide an integrated surveillance picture. Parallel sensor fusion developments are described in terms of their applicability to the sensor fusion task in surface surveillance. Paradigms for sensor fusion, including alternative architectures, algorithms, and performance metrics will be described. Finally we describe system implementation and quantitative performance of sensor fusion applied to the surface surveillance problem at demonstrations in Atlanta Hartsfield International Airport (1998, ATL), Dallas Fort Worth International Airport (1999, 2000, DFW), and in-process and planned future developments in sensor fusion.
Proportional navigation vs an optimally evading, constant-speed target in two dimensions

Abstract : The problem of evading a constant speed proportional navigation pursuer is considered. Both the evader and the pursuer are assumed to have limited lateral acceleration capabilities. A time lag is included in the pursuer's guidance system. The problem of evasion is formulated as an optimal control problem with the performance criterion being the range at the point of closest approach. The type of evasive maneuver is shown to be dependent upon the initial relative positions of the target and pursuer. Typical trajectories for the target and evader are illustrated. (Author)
Computation of free-free Gaunt factors and conductive opacities in hot matter

Abstract Analytic formulas are derived for the computation of free-free Gaunt factors and electron conductive opacities by approximating the self-consistent electron-ion potential with two superimposed Yukawa potentials. The method has general validity for arbitrary temperature and matter density.
An unanticipated complication of a novel approach to airway management.

Background: The King LT (King Systems Corporation, Noblesville, IN) is a rescue airway device that is gaining favor in the pre-hospital setting. Unlike other rescue airway devices, such as intubating laryngeal mask airways, the King LT does not allow for the placement of an endotracheal tube through the device. Emergency physicians who receive patients with the King LT in place will be presented with the challenge of converting to a definitive airway. Methods: We attempted a strategy that would allow for conversion from the King LT to the endotracheal tube using a gum elastic bougie. During an airway skills maintenance session utilizing non-embalmed cadavers, Emergency Medicine faculty attempted to convert a King LT to an endotracheal tube using a gum elastic bougie. Results: The technique was not successful, and in fact, resulted in an unanticipated complication. Conclusion: We cannot recommend using the gum elastic bougie as an aid to convert the King LT to an endotracheal intubation based on our experience with a non-embalmed cadaver.
Metamaterial polarization multiplexed gratings

We demonstrate a metamaterial grating that has two diffraction periods for two orthogonal linear polarization states of illuminations. The proposed method will be useful in free space optical communications and novel optical imaging systems.
Tibetan Fraternal Polyandry and Sociology: A Rejoinder to Abernethy and Fernandez

acknowledged disruptive potential. Keeping the rationale for current cultivation practices in mind, he would graft new food-growing technologies onto existing technologies. And he would have us recognize that existing patterns of social organization-such as the division of agricultural labor and marriage practices that White, Burton, and Dow have given us constitute the basis for the collaborations necessary to accomplish useful tasks.
Development and Characterization of Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Against Salmonella enterica Typhimurium for Biosensor Detection

For the construction of a biosensor to specifically and effectively detect Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1B4 and a polyclonal antibody (pAb) S48 were developed against purified outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium. Gel electrophoresis data indicated that the apparent molecular weight of the main OMP was 55 kD. The mAb 1B4 strongly reacted to Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica Paratyphi and had no cross-reaction to other gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria that were tested. The pAb S48 also showed high reactivity to Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, but had cross-reactivity with other tested bacteria. Because of the high specificity and sensitivity of 1B4 against S. enterica Typhimurium, it was immobilized onto a sensor platform to capture bacteria. The captured bacteria were visualized byalight microscope fortheir detection. The detection limit of the biosensorwas 1 × 102 colony forming units/mL in bacterial culture and in a milk sample, and no other bacteria interfered with the binding of targeted cells. Therefore, a biosensor was developed that would rapidly detect Salmonella in the laboratory and in a food processing plant.
Emerging High-Tech Areas of Civil Engineering Attract Women

Women are underrepresented in the ranks of civil engineering practitioners. The percentage of women in civil engineering is less than half the value for all engineering fields combined and about one-sixth the value for the most popular fields. The Texas A & M University Civil Engineering Department participated in a Society of Women Engineers Space Experience Camp. The students participating (ninth- and 10th-grade girls) were surveyed before and after the civil engineering presentation to determine whether the emerging high-tech aspects of civil engineering would make civil engineering more attractive to women. The results of the survey regarding the likelihood of studying engineering and civil engineering are presented. High school girls' attitudes toward civil engineering could be influenced in a positive way by a 1-h presentation that emphasized the emerging high-tech areas of space construction and construction automation. Recommendations for further intervention measures are made.
Entlarvung eines Mythos: Zu Arnold Zweigs Novelle ,,Der Spiegel des großen Kaisers“ (1926)

Arnold Zweig’s relatively unknown short story, “Der Spiegel des grosen Kaisers” (1926), gives the reader unique insights into the political and economic activities of the last emperor of the Staufer family, Friedrich II (1194–1250), including aspects of his private life. Friedrich II came to some prominence in the 19th century when historians and authors wrote numerous works about him, thereby creating the image of a mythological figure of a supposedly great, yet forgotten German leader. Arnold Zweig’s goal with this short story, however, appears to be to debunk this myth by pointing out the history of Friedrich II which in many respects was not much different from that of other medieval emperors and thus does not deserve any uncritical glorification. In addition, Arnold Zweig sharply distances himself from Stefan George who in many of his works expresses a naive admiration of the emperor, overlooking, for example, Friedrich II’s abuse of power and his anti-Semitism. (PM-K)
Acousto-optic method for ultrasonic pulse characterization

Abstract The light distribution in a diffraction pattern produced by a sequence of ultrasonic pulses depends on a number of parameters characterizing the pulse shape, modulation and sequencing as well as changes in the spectral composition due to non-linearities in the propagation medium. Based on calculations of such light diffraction patterns it is possible to consider the inverse problem, i.e. the determination of parameters mentioned above by evaluating certain features of the diffraction pattern produced by the pulses. A number of examples are given to illustrate these possibilities.
Randomised hough transform with error propagation for line and circle detection

In this paper, we introduce a new Randomised Hough Transform aimed at improving curve detection accuracy and robustness, as well as computational efficiency. Robustness and accuracy improvement is achieved by analytically propagating the errors with image pixels to the estimated curve parameters. The errors with the curve parameters are then used to determine the contribution of pixels to the accumulator array. The computational efficiency is achieved by mapping a set of points near certain selected seed points to the parameter space at a time. Statistically determined, the seed points are points that are most likely located on the curves and that produce the most accurate curve estimation. Further computational advantage is achieved by performing progressive detection. Examples of detection of lines using the proposed technique are given in the paper. The concept can be extended to non-linear curves such as circles and ellipses.
Environmental influence in ulcerative colitis starts in early childhood

Aims: The present analysis served to address the question at what age environmental factors start to exert their influence on the occurrence of ulcerative colitis. Methods: Mortality data from 21 different countries were accumulated between 1941 and 2004 to analyse the variation of age-specific death rates during consecutive time periods and among different countries. Results: Between 1941 and 2004 the trends of mortality from ulcerative colitis among different age groups formed a fan-like pattern with a progressively steeper decline of mortality among increasingly younger age groups. This general pattern included mortality in all age groups older than 5 years, but was absent in the youngest age group, 0–4 years. In countries with frequent occurrence of ulcerative colitis, high mortality from ulcerative colitis affected different age groups alike. This pattern was reflected by a set of statistically significant correlations between the mortality of each two consecutive age groups from different countries. The progression of significant correlations among consecutive age groups broke off only when the geographic variations of the age groups 0–4 and 5–9 years were compared. Conclusions: The analysis suggests that environmental factors responsible for the temporal and geographic variations of ulcerative colitis start to exert their influence during early childhood.
Challenging the Assumption of Fusion in Female Same-Sex Relationships

In psychotherapeutic and lesbian popular culture literatures, there is an assumption that female same-sex couples are overly close and lack boundaries, a concept called “fusion.” Empirical efforts have yet to demonstrate whether fusion is experienced more often among women in same-sex relationships than among men in same-sex relationships or among men and women in heterosexual relationships. Furthermore, research on the topic has yet to fully incorporate feminist perspectives that challenge assumptions that high levels of closeness in and of themselves are problematic. Our study employed measures of Inclusion of Other in Self (Aron, Aron, & Smollan, 1992) to examine the distribution of indicators of fusion among 76 women and 58 men in same-sex relationships and 1,221 women and 285 men in heterosexual relationships. Women in same-sex couples differed from the other groups on only one indicator of fusion—they were more likely to desire less closeness in their relationships, even though their current relatio...
A pre-admission program for underrepresented minority and disadvantaged students: application, acceptance, graduation rates and timeliness of graduating from medical school.

Purpose To determine whether students' performances in a pre-admission program predicted whether participants would (1) apply to medical school, (2) get accepted, and (3) graduate. Method Using prospectively collected data from participants in the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Medical Education Development Program (MEDP) and data from the Association of American Colleges Student and Applicant Information Management System, the author identified 371 underrepresented minority (URM) students who were full-time participants and completed the program between 1984 and 1989, prior to their acceptance into medical school. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine whether MEDP performance significantly predicted (after statistically controlling for traditional predictors of these outcomes) the proportions of URM participants who applied to medical school and were accepted, the timeliness of graduating, and the proportion graduating. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to determine the associations between the independent and outcome variables. Results In separate logistic regression models, MEDP performance predicted the study's outcomes after statistically controlling for traditional predictors with 95% confidence intervals. Conclusions Pre-admission programs with similar outcomes can improve the diversity of the physician work-force and the access to health care for underrepresented minority and economically disadvantaged populations.
Liddle Syndrome: Genetics and Mechanisms of Na+ Channel Defects

ABSTRACT Our current understanding of Na + transport defects has been greatly expanded over the last several years and has provided new insights into unusual clinical syndromes resulting from mutations of specific ion transporters. These genetic disorders affect Na + balance, with both Na + retaining and Na + wasting conditions being the consequence. A major focus of these studies has been the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), which can be directly affected by mutations (eg, Liddle syndrome, autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I) or by changes in the response to (autosomal recessive pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I), or production of mineralocorticoids (apparent mineralocorticoid excess syndrome, glucocorticoid-remediable aldosteronism). As a result, we now have clearly defined syndromes in which ENaC activity is “dysregulated” with subsequent development of disorders of systemic blood pressure that can be attributed to a primary renal mechanisms. The focus of the current review is on Liddle syndrome (“pseudoaldosteronism”).
De-Risking Pension Plans Revisited 2015

The Pension Protection Act of 2006 changed the way in which the value of lump sum distributions is calculated. When the new method was fully implemented in 2012, it triggered a flood of de-risking activity by sponsors of defined benefit pension plans via one-time lump sum distributions, group annuity contracts with insurance companies and liability driven investing. Underlying these developments were a number of economic and demographic factors including a rising equity market, low interest rates, increased Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation insurance premiums and a declining number of active participants. These forces are still there. Indeed, they have strengthened due to recent legislation (MAP-21 in 2012, BBA in 2013 and HATFA in 2014). In addition, a number of legal questions have been resolved by the Verizon Communications decision of 2014 and new mortality tables have just been published by the Society of Actuaries. The combination of these developments indicate that 2015 will be another big year ...
Rheumatologic Manifestations of Pregnancy

Pregnancy, whether normal or complicated, induces change in nearly every system of the body. Because most rheumatologic disorders are multisystemic and often affect young women, it may be difficult to differentiate pregnancy-related change from new onset or exacerbation of rheumatic disease. Familiarity with common manifestations of pregnancy is important in evaluating young women of childbearing age,whether or not they have known rheumatologic disease. Presentation of new connective tissue disease during pregnancy is often associated with poorer prognosis, so it is especially important to distinguish between pregnancy-induced change and true autoimmune inflammation requiring prompt and aggressive therapy.
Fine‐scale seismic structure of young upper crust at 17°20′S on the fast spreading East Pacific Rise

[1] The detailed upper crustal structure of the East Pacific Rise (EPR) at 17°20′S is examined by applying a genetic algorithm-based waveform inversion to five multichannel seismic lines: one on-axis and two to either side along 42- and 85-kyr-old crust. On-axis, a double-stepped velocity pattern is recorded beneath 70–100 m of low-velocity extrusives (2.1–2.4 km s−1). We define the upper velocity contrast as the base of seismic layer 2A due to its severity and continuity along and across axis. The more subdued and intermittent lower-velocity step is not observed off-axis. Material between the two high-gradient intervals is proposed to represent the pillow/dike transition, bounded above by a sharp increase in dike fraction with depth and below by an abrupt change in rheology and/or deformation. Extrusive velocities increase quite rapidly in this area, with velocities ∼3 km s−1 common in crust ≤85 kyr old. This, plus a rapid (300–400 m) thickening of layer 2A observed within 1–4 km of the rise axis, indicates that this segment is undergoing focused melt delivery (<500-m-wide dike intrusion zone) and elevated hydrothermal activity. These findings demonstrate the ability of single-ship multichannel data to record detailed information on the reflectivity and velocity of the upper crust and the ability of the genetic algorithm to efficiently construct accurate seismic models based on this information.
The Gradual Increase of Responsibility Model: Coaching for Teacher Change

This study examines the gradual increase of responsibility (GIR) model for teacher coaching (Collet, 2008), an adaptation of Pearson and Gallagher's (1983) Gradual Release of Responsibility model. In GIR, instructional coaches model, make recommendations, ask probing questions, affirm teachers' appropriate decisions, and praise in order to provide decreasing scaffolding, which moves teachers toward interdependence and collaboration.
Mediastinal Bronchogenic Cyst: A Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction

Although bronchogenic cysts may involve the mediastinum, they have rarely been responsible for significant upper airway obstruction. We describe a young man who had a rapidly expanding cervical mass due to the migration of a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst. Flow-volume loops confirmed the presence of a variable intrathoracic obstruction. The patient rapidly developed respiratory failure requiring urgent intubation and surgical resection.
PUTTING PARTICULARISM IN ITS PLACE

: The point of this paper is to undermine the support that particularism in the domain of epistemic reasons might seem to give to particularism in the domain of practical reasons. In the epistemic domain, there are two related notions: truth and the rationality of belief. Epistemic reasons are related to the rationality of belief, and not directly to truth. In the domain of practical reasons, however, the role of truth is taken by the notion of objective rationality. Practical reasons are directly relevant to this objective notion, and therefore the reasons to expect holism and particularism in the epistemic domain do not transfer to the domain of practical rationality.
Transesterified milkweed (Asclepias) seed oil as a biodiesel fuel

Abstract The methyl and ethyl esters of milkweed ( Asclepias ) seed oil were prepared and compared to soybean esters in laboratory tests to determine biodiesel fuel performance properties. The pour points of the methyl and ethyl milkweed esters measured −6 °C and −10 °C, respectively, which is consistent with the high levels of unsaturation characteristic of milkweed seed oil. The oxidative stabilities measured by OSI at 100 °C were between 0.8 and 4.1 h for all samples tested. The kinematic viscosities determined at 40 °C by ASTM D 445 averaged 4.9 mm 2 /s for milkweed methyl esters and 4.2 mm 2 /s for soybean methyl esters. Lubricity values determined by ASTM D 6079 at 60 °C were comparable to the corresponding soybean esters with average ball wear scar values of 118 μm for milkweed methyl esters and 200 μm for milkweed ethyl esters.
Rejuvenation of the Fish Canyon magma body: A window into the evolution of large-volume silicic magma systems

Voluminous, unzoned, phenocryst-rich pyroclastic deposits, considered as erupted batholiths, provide a unique opportunity to investigate magmatic processes in silicic magmas. The Fish Canyon Tuff, a well-documented example of these monotonous ignimbrites, displays evidence for simultaneous dissolution of feldspars 1 quartz and crystallization of hydrous phases during gradual near-isobaric reheating from ;720 to 760 8C. These observations, along with a high crystallinity (45%) and near-solidus mineral assemblage, suggest that the Fish Canyon magma cooled to a rigid crystal mush before being partly remelted prior to eruption. Rejuvenation was triggered by intrusion of water-rich mafic magmas at the base of the Fish Canyon mush, but the mechanisms of heat transfer remain poorly understood. The growth of amphibole during reheating requires addition of mafic components, but the absence of any measurable gradients and the paucity of mafic enclaves in the Fish Canyon magma rule out a reheating event dominated by convective mixing with a mafic magma. Closed-system processes, such as heat conduction and convective self-mixing, could not account for the transport of externally derived mafic components. We performed numerical simulations of upward percolation of a hot, low-density H2O-CO2 fluid phase (gas sparging) through a crystalline framework saturated with rhyolitic melt to assess the efficiency of such a process in rejuvenating silicic mushes in open systems. Sparging by ;20‐40 km 3 of gas extracted from ;3000 km 3 of mafic magma is capable of reheating 7500 km 3 of silicic crystal mush by .40 8C in 150‐200 k.y. Moreover, the vertical thermal gradient after 150 k.y. in most of the mush is small (;25 8C in the upper 65%). Gas sparging also produces an increase in the internal pressure of silicic crystal mushes and may lead to the formation of crystal-poor rhyolites by expelling interstitial melt. However, our simulations predict that filter pressing driven by sparging of externally derived gas could not solely account for the generation of the most voluminous rhyolites.