cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urinary cadmium, osteopenia, and osteoporosis in the US population.

Summary The association between cadmium and osteoporosis in a multiethnic population is unclear. We found that urinary cadmium is consistently associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regardless of age, sex, race, and smoking status. Cadmium exposure may be an independent risk factor for osteoporosis.
Holography and the inverse source problem. III. Inhomogeneous attenuative media

The inverse source problem of the scalar wave equation for a monochromatic source is generalized to the case of an inhomogeneous attenuative medium. The attenuative medium can be a lossy deterministic medium or a lossless random medium in which the coherent field attenuates. Two generalized holographic imaging equations are obtained that are based on the use of two Green’s functions, G+* and G−. The kernel for the first equation with G+* is Hermitian and depends on the location and the shape of the recording surface, whereas the equation with G− has a non-Hermitian kernel that is independent of the recording surface. The solutions of the integral equations are investigated. The nonuniqueness of the solutions are also related to the nonradiating sources and to the minimum energy solution.
Network reduction for the acyclic constrained shortest path problem

Abstract This paper presents a procedure for reducing networks used with the constrained shortest path problem. The network considered herein is acyclic with each arc having two attributes; time and length, with a time limit on the shortest length path. The procedure traverses the network twice and depends on establishing time labels for the nodes similar to those established in shortest path algorithms of the label setting type. These labels are used to identify the arcs and nodes that render a path infeasible. The computational requirements of the procedure are modest, which should enhance the application of the constrained shortest path problem.
544 FAMILIAL ATHYREOTIC HYPOTHYROIDISM IN TWO SIBLINGS

Familial athyreosis is a cause of hypothyroidism seen much less frequently than sporadic athyreosis or cryptothyroidism. The present report concerns a brother and sister, now age 22 and 14 years respectively, who appear to have little or no functioning thyroid tissue. In both patients diagnosis was made and treatment begun in early infancy. There are 3 other normal siblings, and there is no family history of thyroid disease. The boy was first seen at age 13 years, exhibiting short stature, retarded bone age, mental retardation and other signs of hypothyroidism. Thyroid scan with 100 μCi of 131I revealed no detectable uptake. Under treatment with 60 mg desiccated thyroid/day TSH was 4.7 μU/ml, T4 4.7 μg/dl and T3 162 ng/dl (N 110-230). In the girl treatment had been stopped 4 years before we first saw her at age 9 years. She was below the 3rd percentile in height, was mentally retarded and exhibited the Kocher-Debre-Semelaigne pseudohypertrophy of muscles. Bone age was 4½ years. T4 by CPB was 1.3 μg/dl (N=3-7) and TSH 54 μU/ml (N<10). Thyroid scans using 5 μCi of 131I and later with 2.5 mCi of Tc-99m failed to demonstrate any evidence for functional thyroid tissue. Parietal cell autoantibody titer in serum was not elevated. It has been suggested that Tc-99m provides a more critical evaluation of athyreosis than does 131I. Unlike the syndrome of familial athyreosis with thyrotropin deficiency (Miyai et al., NEJM 285:1043, 1971), in the present syndrome thyrotropin feedback appears to be normal.
Age- and stroke-related skeletal muscle changes a review for the geriatric clinician

Independently, aging and stroke each have a significant negative impact on skeletal muscle, but the potential cumulative effects of aging and stroke have not been explored. Optimal interventions for individuals post stroke may include those that specifically target skeletal muscle. Addressing changes in muscles may minimize activity limitations and enhance participation post stroke. This article reviews the impact of aging and stroke on muscle morphology and composition, including fiber atrophy, reductions in muscle cross-sectional area, changes in muscle fiber distributions, and increases in intramuscular fat. Relationships between changes in muscle structure, muscle function, and physical mobility are reviewed. Clinical recommendations that preserve and enhance skeletal muscle in the aging adult and individuals post stroke are discussed. Future research directions that include systematic comparison of the differences in skeletal muscle between younger and older adults who have sustained a stroke are suggested.
Protector or Prison Guard? Using Metaphors and Media to Explore Student Teachers' Thinking about Classroom Management

Abstract Some of the discipline problems that plague beginning teachers may be traced to the way they think about classroom management. As part of an ongoing seminar accompanying student teaching, we used metaphor development and videotape analysis to help the student teachers explore their thinking about classroom management and to learn more ourselves about developing teachers' conceptions of management. Results indicated that the 27 student teachers had complex views of management, integrating problem prevention through group leadership and engaging instruction with vigilance. By the end of the teaching experience, the student teachers were more aware of the ways that the sometimes contradictory needs of individuals complicate the teaching of groups.
EFFECT OF CONTINUED ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF DIETHYLSTILBESTROL ON BLOOD PRESSURE, HEART RATE AND RESPIRATION OF ALBINO RATS

IN 1940 Grollman, Harrison and Williams published evidence which indicated that diethylstilbestrol is capable of producing hypertension in rats. Since this is of obvious clinical importance and contrary to the data obtained from acute experiments conducted in this laboratory and elsewhere (Emery, et at., 1943; Loeser and Erbacher, 1939) the study presented in this article was deemed pertinent. The rats used in this experiment were of inbred albino stock from the Wistar strain weighing between 185 and 250 gm. They were maintained in a constant temperature room (26 ± 2°C), fed Purina dog chow and provided with a constant supply of fresh water. An alkaline aqueous solution of diethylstilbestrol1 (1 mg. per 1 cc.) was given by stomach tube according to the method of Matthews, et al. (1941). The solution was made by dissolving 25 mg. of crystalline diethylstilbestrol in 0.5 cc. normal NaOH solution and then diluting with distilled water to a concentration of 1.0 mg. per cc.
The Cox-Maze procedure: the Cleveland Clinic experience.

The Cox-Maze procedure was designed to address the consequences of atrial fibrillation, tachycardia, hemodynamic impairment, and thromboembolism. From 1991 until June 1999, 100 patients underwent the Maze operation at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. The group included 72 men with a mean age of 58 ± 11 years (range, 23 to 78 years). Initially, the Maze-I procedure was performed primarily for patients with lone atrial fibrillation. However, since 1995, the Maze-III procedure has been performed exclusively, and it is typically combined with mitral valve repair. Twenty-three patients had only a Maze procedure, 60 patients had the Maze procedure/mitral valve repair, 10 patients had Maze procedure/coronary artery bypass, 6 had Maze procedure/mitral valve replacement, and 1 had Maze procedure/atrial septal defect repair. Chronic atrial fibrillation was present in 78% of patients for a mean of 8 ± 9 years. There was a 1% perioperative mortality and 5% late mortality rate. Median hospital stay was 9 ± 5 days. Six patients required new early permanent pacemaker insertion. With a mean follow-up of 3 years, 90.4% of patients are in sinus rhythm (or atrial pacing). Preoperative symptoms were reduced: 24% had preoperative syncope; none had syncope in follow-up; 14% of patients preoperatively had cerebral or systemic emboli; and there were no perioperative or late embolic events. The Maze procedure effectively addressed the major complications of atrial fibrillation and was associated with low perioperative and late morbidity rates.
Clinical evolution of beta cell function in youth with diabetes: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.

Aims/hypothesis Few studies have explored the epidemiology of beta cell loss in youth with diabetes. This report describes the evolution and major determinants of beta cell function, assessed by fasting C-peptide (FCP), in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study.
Spin networks are simplicial quantum gravity

We solve three-dimensional euclidean quantum gravity by producing a formulation in which the space-time continuum is replaced by a simplicial complex, whose combinatories are those of the addition of angular momenta. This spin-network defines a path-integral representation of gravity based on the Einstein action. Space-time foam emerges naturally from this approach.
STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC BEHAVIOR IN THE MELT-SPUN PR33FE67 ALLOYS

Abstract Magnetic and structural properties of melt-spun ribbons of nominal composition Pr 0.33 Fe 0.67 are reported. In the as-spun state the samples have coercivities from 2 up to 2.6 kOe and exhibit a partially crystalline character. A metastable crystalline phase, resembling Pr 2 Fe 17 in symmetry and in size of a unit cell, was found. The thermal stability of that phase is reported and correlated with the thermal behavior of the magnetic hardness of the material.
A cladistic analysis of the nomadine bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea)

. This study compares the results of Rozen's cladistic analysis of the larvae of fifteen genera of cleptoparasitic bees in the subfamily Nomadinae with an independent data set of adult characters for the same genera. Adult characters exhibited considerably higher levels of homoplasy and poorer resolution of cladistic relationships, with multiple equally parsimonious cladograms. However, comparison of a Nelson consensus tree based on adult characters with the cladogram based on larval characters reveals three components consistently supported in both analyses (the tribes Epeolini and Ammobatini, and Neopasites+Neolarra), one component supported only by adult characters (Isepeolus + Protepeolus), and one terminal component supported only by larval characters (Nomada+ Ammobatini), as well as several more inclusive groupings based on larval characters that are difficult to compare with the adult consensus tree because it shows so much less resolution. When adult and larval characters are combined in a single data matrix, the resulting cladogram closely resembles the cladogram based on larval characters alone, although levels of homoplasy are considerably higher than in the larval analysis. A preliminary analysis of adult characters for thirty-four genera in the Nomadinae also exhibited high levels of homoplasy and very large numbers of equally parsimonious cladograms. Nevertheless, certain consistent monophyletic groupings, most notably the Epeolini and Ammobatini, were also supported in this analysis. The one currently recognized tribe whose monophyly has received no support from any analysis is the Nomadini. The relevance of these phylogenetic hypotheses to our understanding of host associations and variable features of egg morphology and oviposition behaviour in nomadine bees is briefly discussed.
Energie-Speicherung und Methoden des Energie-Transports

Because of the sudden rise in primary-energy costs and the rapid inflation of plants which are used for the conversion of primary to secondary energy, the storage of energy, as well as the avoidance of energy losses, has assumed new importance. This paper deals with the technical and economic aspects of energy storage and discusses some methods of energy transport.
Effects of Elevated Temperatures on the Chemical Properties of Cotton Fiber Pectin

Polygalacturonic acid, calcium polygalacturonate, and samples of two cotton varieties are subjected to elevated temperatures for varying increments of time. The galacturonic acid residues of the he...
Vector Preisach modeling and recording applications

The authors report that recording and playback on a variety of high energy tape media have been simulated using a new 2-D vector Preisach model in a self-consistent calculation of the magnetization. Simulation results are compared against vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) bulk measurements and experimental erasure data. >
Characteristics of medical students completing an honors program in pathology

Abstract The Honors Program in pathology at Jefferson Medical College provides a voluntary enrichment opportunity for students who have demonstrated a superior ability to cope with the pathology curriculum and who rank in the upper fifth of their class. This study was performed to determine whether honor students possess cognitive and psychosocial attributes that distinguish them from their classmates. Students from five academic years (entering classes 1991 to 1995) were divided into 3 groups: (1) those who completed the Honors Program ( n = 85), (2) those in the top 20% of the class who were offered the option but chose not to participate in the Honors Program ( n = 128), and (3) students who did not qualify for the program ( n = 953). Comparisons between these three groups were made on the basis of selected measures of academic achievement retrieved from the Jefferson Longitudinal Study database and psychosocial data obtained from a questionnaire completed during the first-year orientation. Students who completed the Honors Program in pathology had scored higher on the physical science section of the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) and had obtained higher first-year grade point averages than students in both of the other groups. Subsequently, they attained higher second-year grade point averages and scored higher on Step 1 and Step 2 of the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE), compared with their peers in the other groups. There were no significant differences in psychosocial measures between honor students and the rest of the cohort (group 3). However, students in the top 20% of the class who declined the invitation to participate in the Honors Program (group 2) showed higher scores on the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Eysenck Emotional Instability (Neuroticism) Scale than did their classmates. Despite these differences, students who completed the Honors program (group 1) and eligible students who declined participation (group 2) selected similar pathways of postgraduate residency training: both groups preferred internal medicine to family practice, and both were more likely than the rest of the cohort to begin residency training at a top-ranked academic/research medical center. Voluntary participation in an Honors Program is a self-selection system that identifies students who are most likely to succeed academically at the highest levels. Residency selection committees may wish to pay close attention to student involvement in similar programs, because this information may provide insights into student personality and general aptitude.
Temperature Dependence of the Infrared Reflection Spectrum of Sodium Chloride

$^{1}$ M. Born and K Huang, Dynamicol Theory of Crystal Lattices (Oxford University Press, London, 1954) p. 121. $^{2}$ M. Born K. Huang, loc. Cit. p. 341 $^{3}$ A. Maradudin and R F. Willis. Bull. Amer. phys. Soc 4, 143 (1959).
Detecting Aelurostrongylus abstrusus-specific IgG antibody using an immunofluorescence assay

Diagnosis of feline lungworm, Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, is typically achieved by identifying larvae in feces following concentration through flotation or using the Baermann technique. This work presents observations on the usefulness of an indirect immunofluorescence antibody assay for detection of antibodies to this parasite in the sera of infected cats. Using first-stage larvae of A abstrusus and sera from both experimentally and naturally infected cats, it was determined that the test was fairly sensitive and did not cross-react with serum from an Ancylostoma braziliense (hookworm)-infected cat.
CONFORMATIONAL SEARCHING AND MODELING OF TRANSITION STATES

The application of the WIZARD method for conformational search to Houk's transition state modeling method shows significant improvements in the ability to predict and understand the diastereoselectivity of the reaction of nucleophiles with carbonyl groups.
HVEM observations of grain boundary voids in high purity copper

Abstract A high voltage electron microscope study has been made of grain boundary cavities produced in copper by high frequency fatigue and by creep. Fatigue-induced voids form first at grain boundary serration peaks where a dislocation tangle or dipole wall intersects the boundary. The existence of a subgrain network is not necessary for cavitation. Little dislocation activity is seen around isolated voids, which appear equiaxed. As fatigue progresses, voids form in clusters which coalesce into long peanutshaped cracks. A high dislocation density is seen around the clusters. It is concluded that individual fatigue-induced voids grow by a vacancy diffusion mechanism limited by grain boundary diffusion but that plastic deformation becomes important as clusters form and voids interact. The nucleation rate for voids appears slower in creep than in fatigue. The majority of creep cavities could not be associated with any distinctive dislocation structure. Plastic deformation is important to the growth of a sizeable fraction of creep cavities.
The incidence of coagulopathy in pregnant patients with intrahepatic cholestasis: should we delay or avoid neuraxial analgesia?

Abstract Study Objective To estimate the incidence of coagulopathy in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis inhepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Design Retrospective cohort investigation. Setting University medical center. Measurements The records of 319 parturients who met study inclusion criteria were reviewed for various laboratory values. The primary outcome was the incidence of abnormal hemostasis, defined as prothrombin time (PT) greater than 14.5seconds (INR>1.2). The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage was evaluated as a secondary outcome. Main Results The incidence (95% CI) of abnormal PT was 0% (0 to 1.8). Other coagulation tests [partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and platelet count] were also normal, even in study subjects with significant (>5 times) elevation of liver enzymes. The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery was 2.4% (4 of 208 pts) and 6.3% (7 of 111 pts) after Cesarean delivery. Conclusions Coagulation abnormalities are rare in pregnant patients with ICP, even when a strict criterion is utilized (INR
Stat3 activation in prostatic carcinomas.

BACKGROUND Activated Stat3 is found in various types of immortal cell lines and cancers. We and others have previously demonstrated that Stat3 is constitutively activated in rat and human prostate cancer cell lines, and that Stat3 activation is involved in IL-6-mediated signaling transduction in prostate cancer cells. The aim of this study is to examine quantitative Stat3 activity in benign and malignant human prostate tissues and analyze the association between Stat3 activity levels and the clinical and pathologic parameters. METHODS Stat3 activity levels were analyzed in a total of 104 human primary prostate tissues using electromobility shift assay and immunohistochemical staining for phosphorylated Stat3. The tissue samples used were 42 prostate carcinomas, 42 matched normal prostate tissues from patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma (normal adjacent to tumor), and 20 normal prostate tissues from organ donors. RESULTS Significantly higher levels of constitutive Stat3 activity were detected in both prostate carcinomas and the matched normal prostate tissues adjacent to tumors compared to the normal prostates from donors without prostate cancer. There was no significant difference of Stat3 activity in foci of tumor and normal prostate tissue adjacent to tumor. No correlation was seen between Stat3 activity and Gleason grade or serum PSA levels in samples from prostate carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that Stat3 is constitutively activated in prostate cancer. The high level of Stat3 activity in both the prostate carcinomas and the normal prostate tissues adjacent to tumors suggests that Stat3 activation may occur before detectable histological alterations of the prostate. Prostate 51: 241–246, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
James B. conant and the atomic bomb

(1985). James B. conant and the atomic bomb. Journal of Strategic Studies: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 78-92.
Pressure Dependence of the Elastic Constants for Silver from 77 to 300 °K

The pressure derivatives of the isothermal elastic constants for Ag have been measured from 77 to 300 °K, which were found, within the accuracy of the experiment, to be almost independent of temperature. Cook's self-consistent method, as described by Ho and Ruoff, was applied in analysing the ultrasonic data. The high- and low-temperature limits of the Gruneisen constants, γH and γL, calculated from our results are compared with γt calculated from thermal properties. In the temperature range studied, γt is found to be close to γt. However, at 0 °K, γt is in good agreement with γL. The compression data of several static and shock-wave experiments have been re-analyzed according to the Murnaghan equation of state. The bulk modulus and its pressure derivative so obtained agree well with the values measured by ultrasonic methods. Die Ableitungen nach dem Druck der isothermen, elastischen Konstanten fur Ag wurden zwischen 77 und 300 °K gemessen und innerhalb der experimentellen Fehlergrenzen als unabhangig von der Temperatur gefunden. Die Cooksche selbstkonsistente Methode, wie sie von Ho und Ruoff beschrieben wurde, wird zur Analyse der Ultraschalldaten benutzt. Die Grenzen der Gruneisen-Konstanten bei hohen und tiefen Temperaturen (γH und γL), die aus unseren Ergebnissen berechnet werden, werden mit γt verglichen, das aus den thermischen Eigenschaften berechnet wurde. Im untersuchten Temperaturbereich wurde gefunden, das γt nahe bei γH liegt. Jedoch ist bei 0 °K γt mit γL in guter Ubereinstimmung. Die Kompressionswerte einiger statischer und Stoswellenexperimente wurden in Ubereinstimmung mit der Murnaghanschen Zustandsgleichung reanalysiert. Der Volumenmodul und seine Ableitung nach dem Druck, der so erhalten wurde, stimmt gut mit den durch Ultraschallmessungen erhaltenen Werten uberein.
Direct measure of the hydration number of aqueous methane.

A hydration number of 20 has been measured for aqueous CH4 in the temperature range 273−298 K on the basis of the simultaneous observation of the 13C isotropic resonance lines of CH4 in both aqueous solution and the dodecahedral cage of CH4 structure I hydrate. Additional experimental evidence and analysis reported in this paper suggest that the dominant aqueous hydration number of methane is 20.
Crystal structure of a membrane-bound metalloenzyme that catalyses the biological oxidation of methane.

Particulate methane monooxygenase (pMMO) is an integral membrane metalloenzyme that catalyses the conversion of methane to methanol. Knowledge of how pMMO performs this extremely challenging chemistry may have an impact on the use of methane as an alternative energy source by facilitating the development of new synthetic catalysts. We have determined the structure of pMMO from the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) to a resolution of 2.8 A. The enzyme is a trimer with an α3β3γ3 polypeptide arrangement. Two metal centres, modelled as mononuclear copper and dinuclear copper, are located in soluble regions of each pmoB subunit, which resembles cytochrome c oxidase subunit II. A third metal centre, occupied by zinc in the crystal, is located within the membrane. The structure provides new insight into the molecular details of biological methane oxidation. Methane is the main component of natural gas, so there is keen interest in methods of converting it into liquids such as methanol for use as alternatives to petroleum. But it is also the most inert hydrocarbon, and no practical catalysts have been developed to crack the problem. Methane-eating bacteria have cracked it, however, most of them with the enzyme methane monooxygenase. The structure of this enzyme has now been determined to 2.8 A resolution, revealing that the protein contains three monomers and three metal centres. Future work to establish which of the metal centres is catalytic and how the electrons needed to oxidize methane are delivered may facilitate development of synthetic catalysts to convert methane into methanol.
Properties of the rotating spoke in an unstable pulsed MPD arc

Rotating spoke in unstable pulsed MPD arc, noting rotation frequency and resemblance to plasma rotation
Absorption properties of marine-derived material in Arctic sea ice

The distribution and concentration of particulate and dissolved material were determined for first year and multiyear sea ice collected from the fast ice off Barrow, Alaska. The particles were identified as intact algal cells, bacteria, organic aggregates colonized by bacteria and detrital particles. The largest concentrations of particles occurred in the zones of fine grain or in zones of concentrated brine drainage features. The absorption efficiencies of these particles in combination with measured particle concentrations were shown to provide a reasonable estimate of the bulk particulate spectral absorption coefficients in the case of a first year ice sample. The sum of the absorption coefficients of the particulate and dissolved fractions were up to an order of magnitude greater than the absorption coefficients of pure ice. The enhanced absorption of visible radiation by the entrapped material was estimated to cause increases in sea ice temperature of up to 3 degree(s)C per day in the absence of snow cover. The marine- derived particulate and dissolved materials are not negligible contributors to the optical and thermal characteristics of sea ice.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Space-time extensions from space-time densities and Bose-Einstein correlations

Using a (3+1)-dimensional solution of the relativistic Euler-equations for Pb+Pb at 160A GeV, space-time extensions of kaon emission zones are calculated from space-time densities and compared to the inverse widths of two-kaon Bose-Einstein correlation functions. The comparison shows a satisfactory agreement and it is concluded that because of the Gaussian shape of the kaon correlation functions, the space-time parameters of the kaon source can be calculated directly from space-time densities. In the case of intensity interferometry of identical pions this simplification is not recommended when applying Gaussian fits because of the present strong effects of resonance decays. The whole discussion is based on the assumption that hadron emission in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions is purely chaotic or that coherence is at least negligible. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Coordination of DNA Replication and Recombination Activities in the Maintenance of Genome Stability

Across the evolutionary spectrum, living organisms depend on high-fidelity DNA replication and recombination mechanisms to maintain genome stability and thus to avoid mutation and disease. The repair of severe lesions in the DNA such as double-strand breaks or stalled replication forks requires the coordinated activities of both the homologous recombination (HR) and DNA replication machineries. Growing evidence indicates that so-called "accessory proteins" in both systems are essential for the effective coupling of recombination to replication which is necessary to restore genome integrity following severe DNA damage. In this article we review the major processes of homology-directed DNA repair (HDR), including the double Holliday Junction (dHJ), synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), break-induced replication (BIR), and error-free lesion bypass pathways. Each of these pathways involves the coupling of a HR event to DNA synthesis. We highlight two major classes of accessory proteins in recombination and replication that facilitate HDR: Recombination mediator proteins exemplified by T4 UvsY, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad52, and human BRCA2; and DNA helicases/translocases exemplified by T4 Gp41/Gp59, E. coli DnaB and PriA, and eukaryotic Mcm2-7, Rad54, and Mph1. We illustrate how these factors help to direct the flow of DNA and protein-DNA intermediates on the pathway from a double-strand break or stalled replication fork to a high-fidelity recombination-dependent replication apparatus that can accurately repair the damage.
A study of tryptophan tritiation in supernatant malate dehydrogenase from pig heart

Supernatant malate dehydrogenase, treated with tritiated coenzyme (NAD- αβ3H) or substrate (DL-malic-2-3H) in a manner similar to other dehydrogenases (1–4), coprecipitates tightly bound tritiated coenzyme when perchloric acid is added. Nearly all of the radioactivity is removed by dialysis. A very small amount of covalently bound tritium is found in tryptophan-containing peptides.
The problem of premorbid intelligence in neuropsychological assessment

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the utility of two methods of estimating premorbid IQ in the assessment of intellectual deterioration secondary to brain dysfunction. One estimate is based on demographic information, and the other is based on measures of present ability thought to be insensitive to brain dysfunction. Demographic and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale data were gathered for two groups: (1) 140 neurologic patients and (2) 140 nonneurologic subjects. This diagnostic dichotomy was regressed separately on two deterioration indices which differed only in the method used to estimate premorbid IQ. The index which relied on the demographic estimate was 11% more accurate than the present ability estimate in case classification. The results suggest that demographic information, when applied systematically, can provide a reasonably accurate and useful estimate of premorbid IQ.
Preparation and Localization of a Monoclonal Antibody against a Vanadium-Associated Protein Extracted from the Blood Cells of the Vanadium-Rich Ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea

Abstract Ascidians are known to accumulate high levels of vanadium in their blood cells. Recently, we found a vanadium-associated protein (VAP) in blood cells of a vanadium-rich ascidian, Ascidia sydneiensis samea. In this paper, we raised a monoclonal antibody against VAP, designated F8DH. Immunoblot analysis showed that F8DH recognized 2 related peptides of 15 kDa and 16 kDa of VAP. Using F8DH, VAP was shown to be in the cytoplasm of vanadocytes and compartment cells, both of which were reported to contain vanadium. F8DH also stained the vanadocytes distributed in the connective tissues around the alimentary canal, suggesting that vanadocytes in the connective tissue contained VAP. Furthermore, blood cells of 3 different species of ascidian having high levels of vanadium, A. sydneiensis samea, A. ahodori, and Ciona intestinalis, showed reactivity of F8DH but little reactivity was observed in 2 species having less vanadium, Halocynthia roretzi and Pyura michaelseni, suggesting that VAP recognized by F8DH...
INFANTILE PSYCHOGENIC WATER DRINKING

Psychogenic water drinking has been reported only in older children and adults. We shall report successful management of three young children with psychogenic water drinking. One infant, 2½ mo. old was extremely irritable unless the oral fluid intake ranged from 1200-2100 ml/day. Urine Osm. was 42 mOsm/L and serum Osm. was 272 mOsm/L. Urine output was 1705 ml/day. Serum Na was 132 mEq/L;serum K 5.2 mEq/L;BUN 8 mg%;serum Ca 10.5 mg% and 24 hr. Ca excretion less than 3 mg/kg/24 hr. During the water loading portion of a modified Carter Robbin's Test, CH2O was +10.9 ml/min/1.73m2. CH2O fell to -0.37 ml/min/1.73m2 when 3% NaCl was infused. A 6 mo. old and a 2½ yr. old had polydipsia and polyuria without dehydration and were able, after overnight water deprivation,to concentrate their urines. An abnormal maternal child relationship in two patients, and a prescribed fluid diet in the third had led to excessive water ingestion through inappropriate maternal responses. Appropriate psychological advice coupled with restriction of fluid to estimated insensible water loss plus 25-35% of expected normal urine output resulted in a “cure” in all patients within 6 weeks. In summary: Psychogenic water drinking in the very young appears to be a real entity and responds to parental counseling along with carefully monitored water restriction. Supported in part by NIH grant RR-75, RR-5624.
Using molecular dynamics to elucidate the structural basis for function in pLGICs

Ligand-gated ion channels incorporate neurotransmitter binding sites and a transmembrane ion channel into a single protein complex. At fast chemical synapses, they detect the presence of extracellular neurotransmitters and open and alter the cellular membrane potential. The pentameric ligand-gated ion channels (pLGICs), also known as the Cys-loop receptors, are a major family of neurotransmitter receptors (1). Neuroscientists and biophysicists have sought to elucidate the structural basis for the functions of these channels in ever greater detail. The recent proliferation of pLGIC crystal structures has made the goal of understanding the atomic basis for their functional properties feasible. However, the crystal structures only provide static pictures. It is their dynamic properties, the conformational changes they undergo from closed to open to desensitized states, that are of fundamental interest. Computational biophysics and molecular dynamics (MD) provide tools to bridge the gaps between the static images and to create dynamic movies, at an atomic level, of these channels as they transition between functional states. In the paper by Calimet et al. in PNAS (2), the authors sought to accomplish this goal for pLGIC members using MD based on X-ray crystal structures.
Molecular interactions of Alzheimer's biomarker FDDNP with Aβ peptide.

All-atom explicit solvent model and replica exchange molecular dynamics were used to investigate binding of Alzheimer's biomarker FDDNP to the Aβ10–40 monomer. At low and high concentrations, FDDNP binds with high affinity to two sites in the Aβ10–40 monomer located near the central hydrophobic cluster and in the C-terminal. Analysis of ligand- Aβ10–40 interactions at both concentrations identifies hydrophobic effect as a main binding factor. However, with the increase in ligand concentration the interactions between FDDNP molecules also become important due to strong FDDNP self-aggregation propensity and few specific binding locations. As a result, FDDNP ligands partially penetrate the core of the Aβ10–40 monomer, forming large self-aggregated clusters. Ligand self-aggregation does not affect hydrophobic interactions as a main binding factor or the location of binding sites in Aβ10–40. Using the Aβ10–40 conformational ensemble in ligand-free water as reference, we show that FDDNP induces minor changes in the Aβ10–40 secondary structure at two ligand concentrations studied. At the same time, FDDNP significantly alters the peptide tertiary fold in a concentration-dependent manner by redistributing long-range, side-chain interactions. We argue that because FDDNP does not change Aβ10–40 secondary structure, its antiaggregation effect is likely to be weak. Our study raises the possibility that FDDNP may serve as a biomarker of not only Aβ fibril species, but of monomers as well.
ON THE RELATIVITY OF RELATIVE MEASURES- ACCOMMODATING BOTH RANK PRESERVATION AND RANK REVERSALS IN THE AHP

Abstract The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) has been criticized for allowing the introduction of new alternatives to cause rank reversals among existing alternatives. While in many cases this is a perfectly valid phenomenon there are also many cases where rank should be preserved. To address both contingencies the AHP now supports two types of synthesis procedures – one that preserves rank and one that does not. This paper proposes guidelines for the selection of one synthesis mode over the other. It also proposes several modifications to software implementations of the AHP to better support both synthesis modes and to reduce user stress over the choice.
Sequence and In Silico Characterization of the Tomato Polygalacturonase (PG) Promoter and Terminator Regions

Progression towards fruit ripening is a highly coordinated process involving both developmental cues as well as differential gene expression. Increased activity of polygalacturonases (PGs) during the fruit ripening process has been associated with cell wall degradation of pectins. The 5′ fruit-ripening promoter and 3′ terminator regions from tomato PG were sequenced and analyzed using various in silico-based prediction tools to identify putative cis-acting motifs and regulatory elements. BLASTn analysis of the PG promoter revealed sequence homology (between 80–86% sequence identity) to various regions of the 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase-encoding gene and 100% sequence identity to a chromoplast-encoding gene in bell pepper. Analysis of the terminator region identified two domains that are 97% and 95% homologous to the Drosophila transposable element copia. Two other domains show 93% and 92% sequence similarity to the MADS-box family of transcription factors.
Effects of intravenous aminocaproic acid on exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH)

Summary Reasons for performing study: The antifibrinolytic, 6-aminohexanoic acid, also named aminocaproic acid (ACA), has been used empirically as a treatment for exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH) on the unsubstantiated basis that transient coagulation dysfunction may contribute to its development. Objective: To assess the effect of ACA on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) erythrocyte counts in horses performing treadmill exercise at an intensity greater than that needed to reach maximal oxygen consumption. Methods: Eight Thoroughbreds were exercised to fatigue 3 times on a 10% inclined treadmill at a speed for which the calculated oxygen requirement was 1.15 times. Horses were treated with a saline placebo, 2 and 7 g ACA i.v. 4 h before exercise, with a crossover design being used to determine the order of the injections. Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage severity was quantified via the erythrocyte count in BALF. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was collected 4 h before and 30–60 min post exercise. Results were expressed as mean ± s.e.m. and analysed by one way repeated measures ANOVA (P<0.05). Results: Aminocaproic acid administration had no effect on any measured variables ( = 148 ± 3.0 [C]; 148 ± 3.0 [2 g ACA]; 145 ± 3.0 [7 g ACA] ml/kg bwt/min, respectively; run time = 77 ± 3 [C]; 75 ± 2 [2 g ACA]; 79 ± 3 [7 g ACA] seconds, respectively). All horses developed EIPH: 1691 ± 690 vs. 9637 ± 3923 (C); 2149 ± 935 vs. 3378 ± 893 (2 g ACA); 1058 ± 340 vs. 4533 ± 791 (7 g ACA) erythrocytes/µl pre- vs. post exercise recovered in BALF, respectively. Conclusion: Aminocaproic acid was not effective in preventing or reducing the severity of EIPH or improving performance under the exercise conditions of this study.
Map making by cooperating mobile robots

The problem of map making using cooperating multiple heterogeneous mobile robots is investigated. The mobile robots vary in size and capabilities in terms of speeds to navigate through the region and sensor ranges to acquire information about the region. The robots are assumed to have sufficient memory to store the map and to be able to communicate with each other. An algorithm is presented for map making by multiple mobile robots in a cooperative manner. The authors' approach makes use of an occupancy grid and completes a map to a specified resolution. The algorithm is discussed in detail, and its feasibility is demonstrated by simulation results for the case of two cooperating mobile robots. >
Steroid hormone transformations by endocrine organs from pregnant mammals. I. Estrogen biosynthesis by mammalian placental preparations in vitro.

Placental preparations from sheep, cow, horse and sow have been shown to convert dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H and androstenedione- 4-14C to radioactive estrogens in vitro. In each case the extent of conversion was higher following incubation of the C19 substrates with a purified microsomal preparation. Cow placental preparations were able to synthesize radioactive estrogen from dehydroepiandrosterone, but only when a purified microsomal preparation was used could synthesis from androstenedione be demonstrated. No identifiable radioactive estrogen was demonstrated following incubation of rabbit and guinea pig placental preparations. In cases in which estrogen synthesis was demonstrated, both estrone and estradiol-17β were identified in the estrogen fractions; in addition, estradiol-17α was identified in estrogen fractions from sheep and cow placental incubations. The ability of placental preparations from each of these species (except the guinea pig, which was not studied) to convert pregnenolone-7α-3H or ...
Efficient validity checking for processor verification

We describe an efficient validity checker for the quantifier-free logic of equality with uninterpreted functions. This logic is well suited for verifying microprocessor control circuitry since it allows the abstraction of datapath values and operations. Our validity checker uses special data structures to speed up case splitting, and powerful heuristics to reduce the number of case splits needed. In addition, we present experimental results and show that this implementation has enabled the automatic verification of an actual high-level microprocessor description.
A new technique for studying gelation in polyesters

A new method for studying polymer network formation has been devised. Crosslinking reactions are carried out in a recording viscometer, which provides accurate determination of incipient gel points and also serves as a high-speed stirrer. The molten, nonstoichiometric mixtures are reacted to completion to eliminate the inaccuracies inherent in the determination of reaction extent and this, together with the use of esterification reactions with minimal side reactions, reduces many of the problems of previous methods. The experimental results for the reactions of simple model compounds are in very close agreement with Flory's network theory. A system containing crosslinking reagents with unequally reactive groups has also been considered and the accuracy of the method enables the reactivity ratios of the different groups to be calculated.
Rotational Relaxation in Polar Solvents. Molecular Dynamics Study of Solute−Solvent Interaction

Spectroscopic and molecular dynamics (MD) studies of organic dye molecules in polar solvents are performed to investigate the nature of solute−solvent interactions. Experimental and MD data demonstrate that positively charged molecules rotate more slowly than neutral and negatively charged solutes in polar aprotic solvents. MD simulations of the resorufin, resorufamine, and thionine molecules in DMSO solvent are analyzed to reveal differences in the origins of the frictional forces experienced by each solute molecule. It is demonstrated that specific associations (hydrogen bonds) are formed between the DMSO molecules and both the neutral and the cation solute molecules. No specific solute−solvent association is observed for the negative solute molecule. According to a force separation analysis, the calculated friction on the cation is mostly Coulombic in nature, while it is mostly collisional (mechanical) for the anion case.
Dynamic channel partition and reservation for structured channel access in vehicular networks

A large portion of vehicular safety applications require reliable broadcasting. IEEE 802.11p has been shown to have doubtful performance in this aspect [2]. In [1] we have proposed a Dynamic Channel Reservation (DCR) protocol to provide low packet loss probability for vehicular communication by exploiting the unique structure of vehicular networks (VANET), and employing a dynamic TDMA mechanism. In this work, we address the situation when there is asymmetric traffic demands from vehicles on the two sides of a roadway, under which condition the throughput performance of unmodified DCR would be significantly degraded, due to its static partition and allocation of TDMA channels to each side of the road. We therefore augment DCR by designing a protocol to dynamically allocate channels to the two sides of the road according to their time-varying traffic demands. Our design replaces the need for vehicles on the two sides to contend for each TDMA channel with a mechanism for them to contend for the boundary between the contiguous sets of channels allocated to the two sides. Preliminary ns-2 simulations show that our design enhances DCR and delivers low packet loss rate and higher throughput regardless of the level of asymmetry of the traffic demand
Evidence to continue oral anticoagulant therapy for ambulatory oral surgery.

fi t a h any patients taking coumarin derivatives, such as arfarin, present to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon eeding to have teeth extracted. The surgeon is faced ith the choice of altering or stopping warfarin and isking thromboembolism or leaving the patient on he warfarin and risking uncontrolled bleeding. A ommon approach to managing patients with a low isk of thromboembolism needing surgery is to interupt warfarin therapy for several days before and after urgery. Patients with a high risk of thromboemolism commonly stop warfarin and bridge anticogulation with unfractionated heparin (UHF) or ow-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH). However, atients who interrupt warfarin therapy are at risk of eveloping a thromboembolism with or without ridging therapy. On the other hand, warfarin herapy can be continued without interruption for rocedures such as dentoalveolar surgeries that rarely ause significant or life-threatening bleeding. Stopping warfarin is problematic because of its low unpredictable reversal. Warfarin inhibits the enyme vitamin K epoxide reductase, which converts itamin K to vitamin K hydroquinone. The vitamin K ydroquinone is needed to gamma carboxylate the lutamic acids at the N-terminal portion of the cloting factors II, VII, IX, and X and endogenous proteins and S. If the clotting factors are not carboxylated, hey are not biologically active. Return of normal lotting after stopping warfarin requires the eliminaion of warfarin followed by the synthesis of new lotting factors. Because the elimination half-life of arfarin is 40 hours and the clotting factors have ifferent and sometimes long half-lives (Table 1), it akes days to reverse the effects of warfarin. The rationale for using UFH or LMWH to bridge nticoagulation while warfarin is temporarily inter-
Implementation and Experimental Verification of Hybrid Beamforming Algorithm

In Z. Zhang et al., (2003) - M. Rezk et al., (2005), a hybrid beamforming algorithm utilizing a subset of array elements according to receive signal strength has been proposed. The algorithm utilizes a smart switch which selects a subset of antennas that receive the signals with higher strength. Then a beamforming algorithm is applied to calculate the weights for the selected antennas. Since earlier results were based on simulations (Z. Zhang et al., 2003, M. Rezk et al., 2005), a smart-antenna testbed with an 8-element array is designed and implemented by the authors to verify the accuracy and performance of the proposed hybrid beamforming algorithm. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid algorithm using a subset of the array has nearly the same performance as the adaptive system with the full array. Trade offs regarding beamwidth and the sidelobe levels are expected (M. Rezk et al., 2005), but the proposed approach has the advantage of higher computational efficiency, and less implementation cost