cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-Waveform Space-Time Adaptive Processing

A new form of space-time adaptive processing (STAP) is presented that leverages additional training data obtained from waveform-diverse pulse compression filters possessing low cross-correlation with the primary waveform that is used for traditional airborne and space-based ground moving target indication. In contrast to traditional training data in which clutter and targets are “focused” in range via pulse compression of the primary waveform, this new set of training data possesses a “smeared” range response that better approximates the identically distributed assumption made during sample covariance estimation. The Multi-Waveform STAP (MuW-STAP or simply $\mu $ -STAP) formulation is shown for both multiple-input multiple-output and single-input multiple-output configurations, with the former retaining the spatially-focused primary emission supplemented by low-power secondary emissions that illuminate sidelobe clutter and the latter a special case of the former. In simulation, signal to interference plus noise ratio analysis reveals enhanced robustness to nonstationary interference compared to standard STAP training data.
The National Economic Benefits of Food Imports: The Case of U.S. Imports of Hass Avocados From Mexico

ABSTRACTImports of food products are often seen primarily as a threat to domestic producers while the broader economic impacts are ignored. Research on rapidly growing U.S. avocado imports has focused on the consequences for the U.S. avocado industry. This study conducts an economic impact analysis to measure the level and industry distribution of any benefits of U.S. imports of avocados from Mexico that may accrue to the U.S. national economy. We find that the US$1.5 billion in U.S. imports of Mexican avocados in 2015 had a positive and statistically significant effect on the U.S. economy in that year. Every dollar of avocado imports from Mexico in 2015 generated US$2.31 in U.S. output, US$1.41 in U.S. GDP, and US$0.79 in U.S. labor income. About 12.3 jobs were generated per US$1 million of imports. A separate econometric analysis corroborates the result. We conclude that imports of Mexican avocados are pro-growth for the U.S. economy.
Nematode spatial distribution and the frequency of zeros in samples

In the first longitudinal study of nematode spatial distribution with sufficiently large samples to estimate Taylor’s power law (TPL), we concluded that TPL is sensitive to life history strategy. We also observed that the value of TPL slope b was generally higher for more widespread and abundant taxa. We deduce that removal of empty samples increases b and discuss the results in relation to known causes of bias in estimating TPL. Only one cause might explain an increase in b with removal of empty quadrats: the underestimation of variance. Although bias cannot be ruled out in rare taxa, the consistency of the pattern with very abundant genera suggests a different explanation. TPL appears sensitive to the number of samples in a survey that do not contain the taxon of interest. We conclude that TPL measures the space between individuals as well as the density-dependence of the numerical distribution of abundance.
Linking Health Behavior and Problem Behavior in Adolescence

Examined the relation of psychosocial and behavioral conventionality-unconventionality to health-related behavior in cross-sectional data from 1,588 male and female 7th to 12th graders. Conventionality-unconventionality was represented by personality, perceived social environment, and behavior variables selected from the social-psychological framework of Problem Behavior Theory (R. Jessor & S. L. Jessor, 1977). Greater psychosocial conventionality correlates with more regular involvement in health-related behavior (regular physical activity, adequate sleep, safety belt use, attention to healthy diet). Greater behavioral conventionality (less involvement in problem behaviors such as marijuana use, problem drinking, delinquent-type behavior, and greater involvement in conventional behaviors such as church attendance) was also associated with greater involvement in health-maintaining behavior. The overall findings provide support for the extension of Problem Behavior Theory to the domain of adolescent health behavior and for the relevance of the dimension of conventionality-unconventionality.
Treatment-naïve spontaneous tumor lysis syndrome in metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma: An unusual suspect

Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is a potentially fatal condition defined both by laboratory and clinical criteria. It is caused by the catabolism of tumor cells which leads to considerable release and elevated levels of phosphate, potassium and uric acid in the bloodstream. These electrolyte derangements predispose patients to renal tubule uric acid precipitation, acute kidney injury, arrhythmias, neuromuscular irritability and even seizures. Although this phenomenon is well described with hematological malignancies, it is also known to occur among solid tumors. We present a rare case of treatment-naive spontaneous TLS that occurred in a 69-year-old male with metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma with hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia, elevated liver enzymes, AKI and hemodynamic instability. Despite our best resuscitative efforts with intravenous hydration, electrolyte monitoring, Rasburicase and renal replacement therapy, the patient continued to decline, was made comfort care and expired shortly thereafter. Physicians encountering patients with the above presentation must entertain a diagnosis of TLS despite its rarity in solid tumors, as early diagnosis leads to timely treatment, thereby maximizing patients' chances at survival.
Methods and Functions of non-Suicidal Self-Injury among Adolescents Seeking Emergency Psychiatric Services

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been associated with an array of difficulties such as childhood abuse, interpersonal conflict, and mental health concerns ranging from emotional distress to suicidal thoughts and urges. To improve our understanding of NSSI and its relation to suicide risk, this study assessed the demographic (age, sex) and clinical (anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, suicide attempt history) characteristics associated with NSSI methods (“how”) and functions (“why”). The study sample (N = 193) included youth and young adults, ages 13 to 25, who were seeking emergency psychiatric services and endorsed a lifetime history of NSSI. Study participants completed questionnaires assessing depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, history of suicide attempt, and characteristics of NSSI engagement. Data were analyzed using Pearson, Spearman, and point-biserial correlation, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square, t-test, and regression analyses (Poisson, binary-logistic, and ordinal). Female sex, the most prominent correlate in this study, was associated with number of lifetime NSSI incidents, quantity of NSSI methods used, and frequency of NSSI function engagement. Lifetime history of suicide attempt and suicidal ideation were positively associated with numbers of NSSI methods and functions, respectively. Regression analysis indicated that number of NSSI methods was associated with suicide attempt history, whereas total number of NSSI incidents was not. A greater understanding of the demographic and clinical factors associated with NSSI may ultimately advance the assessment and treatment of this behavior, especially in relation to suicide risk.
Analysis of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy at a Single Veterans Affairs Medical Center

Abstract Background: To date, there are no published studies focusing on the benefits of minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) versus open esophagectomy at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC). Our primary outcome was the incidence of esophageal malignancy in the veteran population and the postoperative morbidity following traditional and MIE for malignancy. Design: Retrospective analysis of the incidence of esophageal malignancy at a Veteran Integrated Service Network (VISN) 5 VAMC reported to the VAMC Esophageal Tumor Registry between 2003 and 2016 and outcomes of the veterans who received esophagectomy for malignancy. Patients were followed for 5 years following diagnosis of esophageal malignancy. Results: The Washington DC VAMC Tumor Registry recorded over 130 individuals with a new diagnosis of esophageal cancer between 2003 and 2016; 18 patients underwent an open transhiatal or Ivor Lewis esophagectomy and nine underwent an Ivor Lewis MIE. Surgical candidates had an average stage less than two ...
A Selective Cation Exchange Strategy for the Synthesis of Colloidal Yb3+-Doped Chalcogenide Nanocrystals with Strong Broadband Visible Absorption and Long-Lived Near-Infrared Emission

Doping lanthanide ions into colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals is a promising strategy for combining their sharp and efficient 4f–4f emission with the strong broadband absorption and low-phonon-energy crystalline environment of semiconductors to make new solution-processable spectral-conversion nanophosphors, but synthesis of this class of materials has proven extraordinarily challenging because of fundamental chemical incompatibilities between lanthanides and most intermediate-gap semiconductors. Here, we present a new strategy for accessing lanthanide-doped visible-light-absorbing semiconductor nanocrystals by demonstrating selective cation exchange to convert precursor Yb3+-doped NaInS2 nanocrystals into Yb3+-doped PbIn2S4 nanocrystals. Excitation spectra and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements confirm that Yb3+ is both incorporated within the PbIn2S4 nanocrystals and sensitized by visible-light photoexcitation of these nanocrystals. This combination of strong broadband visible absorption, s...
Promoting the Ethics of Care in a Mindfulness-Based Program for Teachers

Professions typically set ethical guidelines that articulate certain responsibilities and express a set of common values and principles that such professionals should hold. The professional educator aims to create and maintain a learning environment that expresses care for each student’s learning and developmental needs. The ethics of care have been applied to the teaching profession where the teacher plays the role of the one-caring and the student is the cared-for. Attributes of the caring teacher include receptivity and motivation. However, the demands of teaching can result in high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout and attrition. The process of “burning out” often involves depersonalization, whereby the ethic of care erodes and teachers lose the connection between their values to care and their day-to-day experience in the classroom. Recently, mindfulness-based approaches to professional development have been developed to help teachers manage the demands of teaching, reduce stress, and prevent burnout. This chapter explores how one such program, CARE for Teachers, is designed to cultivate teachers’ social and emotional competence so that they can maintain their caring ethics across their career.
A Potemkin state in the Sahel? The empirical and the fictional in Malian state reconstruction

Despite significant reconstruction efforts in the wake of its 2012–2013 collapse, Mali remains mired in crisis: violence is on the rise, institutions are dysfunctional, the military is inefficient,...
Exploring the Efficiency of Batch Active Learning for Human-in-the-Loop Relation Extraction

Domain-specific relation extraction requires training data for supervised learning models, and thus, significant labeling effort. Distant supervision is often leveraged for creating large annotated corpora however these methods require handling the inherent noise. On the other hand, active learning approaches can reduce the annotation cost by selecting the most beneficial examples to label in order to learn a good model. The choice of examples can be performed sequentially, i.e. select one example in each iteration, or in batches, i.e. select a set of examples in each iteration. The optimization of the batch size is a practical problem faced in every real-world application of active learning, however it is often treated as a parameter decided in advance. In this work, we study the trade-off between model performance, the number of requested labels in a batch and the time spent in each round for real-time, domain specific relation extraction. Our results show that the use of an appropriate batch size produces competitive performance, even compared to a fully sequential strategy, while reducing the training time dramatically.
Cutting fuel consumption of truckload carriers by using new enhanced refueling policies

Abstract This study proposes a new fuel-saving approach for the U.S. truckload (TL) industry from the operations-research perspective. Our approach is inspired by the idea given by multiple industry experts that, when trucks are heavy, their fuel consumption rates are notably worse in uphill and congested segments than in other segments, so that trucks should avoid buying large amounts of fuel before entering uphill and/or congested segments. We show both theoretically and numerically that our approach requires lower fuel consumption than other (existing) approaches to move a truck in a given (fixed) origin-destination route. Although, at a glance, the savings given by the proposed approach might seem small, it may actually save noticeable amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions and fuel cost for the U.S. TL industry, if implemented properly.
SURFACE TOPOGRAPHY OF ENDOCARDIAL ENDOTHELIUM

Publisher Summary The walls of the heart are composed of bundles and sheets of muscle fibers intertwined in a complex fashion. This mass of tissue, referred to as the “myocardium,” lies adjacent to the endocardium, which forms the luminal boundaries of the atria and ventricles and is consistent with the tunica intima of the peripheral vasculature. As its counterpart throughout the vascular tree, the innermost layer of endocardium is composed of a continuous sheet of simple squamous epithelial-like cells, referred to as “endothelium.” Lining the atria and ventricles of the heart, endocardial or cardiac endothelium covers all structures projecting into these chambers. Vascular endothelial cells align themselves along or parallel to the longitudinal axis of blood flow; in the heart, such cellular arrangements or orientations are not necessarily the same especially with regard to those populations over the valves. As a component of the endocardium, cardiac endothelium is supported by two layers of connective tissue composed of collagen intermixed with elastic fibers. The outermost layer of the endocardium consists of an irregular arrangement of connective tissue that is continuous with the endomysium of the adjacent myocardium. The contractile activity of the latter during the cardiac cycle should physically affect a response from the endocardium manifested by an alteration in the surface morphology of its endothelium.
Outer Membrane Permeability of Gram-Negative Bacteria in their Interaction with the Outside World

Gram-negative bacteria including Esherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium produce outer membranes that serve as an effective permeability barrier. In order to shut out noxious substances as much as possible, which include the bile salts in the case of enteric organisms, yet allow the rapid influx of nutrients, these bacteria have evolved porins, proteins with channels that are ideally suited for this purpose. Furthermore, the enteric organisms contain multiple species of porins, and have developed an elaborate mechanism of regulating the production of different species of porins so that their chances of survival would be maximized under different environmental conditions, providing us with a remarkable example of ecological adaptation at the molecular level. These porins are also of interest because analogous proteins occur in the outer membranes of organelles of eukaryotic cells, such as mitochondria.
A spin-up saved is energy earned: achieving power-efficient, erasure-coded storage

Storage accounts for a significant amount of a data center's ever increasing power budget. As a consequence, energy consumption has joined performance and reliability as a dominant metric in storage system design. In this paper, we show that the structure of an erasure code-- which is generally used to provide data reliability--can be exploited to save power in a storage system. We define a novel technique in power-aware systems called poweraware coding and present generic techniques for reading, writing and activating devices in a power-aware, erasurecoded storage system. While our techniques have an effect on energy consumption, fault tolerance and performance, we focus on a few examples that illustrate the tradeoff between power efficiency and fault tolerance. Finally, we discuss open problems in the space of poweraware coding.
The Origin of Cellular Electrical Potentials

A brief history of colloid chemistry and membrane theory is given, with particular attention to the work by Bernstein, Hodgkin, Huxley, and Katz. Available energy is discussed in terms of the energy required to operate a Na+ pump. The association-induction (AI) hypothesis is explored in the context of cell K+ and cell water, in vitro and in vivo testing. A subsidiary of the AI hypothesis, the surface adsorption theory of cell potential, is discussed with respect to model studies, living cells, and cellular resting potentials involving cooperative interaction among surface anionic sites.
Façade Measurement by Trigonometry

We are all familiar with the trigonometry textbook problem: “the angle of elevation to the top of a building from a point 200 ft from… Find the height of the building”. Here we describe a trigonometric method that not only measures heights of points on a building, but widths and depths of those points. The procedure involves readings with a theodolite, and computations of the readings by a computer. It was developed for the purpose of measuring historic monuments, where the erection of scaffolding to accommodate hand measuring is often impossible. This method also provides a low-cost alternative to stereogrammetric procedures. The method was tested by taking measurements of the facade of Green Academic Center at Vermont Technical College.
Making figures: are you taking the best approach to maximize visibility?

You might have heard the expression “a figure is worth a thousand words”. But, how important really is it to make nice, complete, and clear figures? Actually… extremely important! Taking the extra time and effort to optimize the quality and visibility of your figures is totally worth it. Figures can most rapidly catch the attention of readers and influence their decision to read or not read your manuscript. This opinion article provides insight into ways to maximize the visibility and impact of your figures! We hope you will find value in the tips provided and can't wait to see all your beautiful figures.
Morphogenesis, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, and Regeneration of Bone and Articular Cartilage

Abstract Morphogenesis is the developmental cascade of pattern formation and body plan establishment, resulting in the final form of the organism. Morphogenesis is the basis of the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine that is founded on the basis of morphogenetic signals, responding stem cells, and the extracellular matrix scaffolds. The goal of tissue engineering is the design and construction of spare parts for the human body to restore function to bone and articular cartilage and other tissues. Although bone has a high potential for regeneration, the adjacent articular cartilage is feeble in its capacity for repair and regeneration. Implantation of demineralized extracellular matrix from bone into subcutaneous sites induces local new bone induction. This experimental model permits the isolation and identification of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), the morphogenetic signals for bone and cartilage morphogenesis. BMPs initiate and promote bone formation and a variety of tissues including articular cartilage, brain, eye, heart, and kidney, leading to the concept of BMPs as body morphogenetic proteins. This chapter will discuss the role of BMPs in bone and articular cartilage regenerative medicine and the remaining challenges. The rules of tissue morphogenesis gleaned from BMPs and bone may be applied universally to morphogenesis and regeneration of other organs and tissues, ushering us into the brave new world of the creation of spare parts for the human body based on signals, stem cells, and scaffolds of extracellular matrix.
INTACT Proteomics in Xenopus

Analysis of the molecular mechanisms driving cell specification, differentiation, and other cellular processes can be difficult due to the heterogeneity of tissues and organs. Therefore, it is critical to isolate pure cell populations in order to properly assess the function of certain cell types in the context of a tissue. This protocol describes use of the INTACT (isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types) method in Xenopus, followed by proteomics analysis of nuclear protein complexes. The INTACT protocol utilizes two transgenes: (1) a three-part nuclear targeting fusion (NTF) consisting of a nuclear envelope protein (Nup35) that targets the NTF to the nuclear membrane, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) cassette for NTF visualization in live animals, and a biotin ligase receptor protein (BLRP) that provides a substrate for the biotinylation of the NTF, and (2) the E. coli ligase BirA (which biotinylates the NTF) tagged to mCherry (for visualization). Either or both transgenes are driven by a tissue-specific promoter, making this protocol easily adaptable to proteomics analyses of immunoprecipitated complexes from INTACT-isolated nuclei of multiple tissue types to determine the composition of protein complexes in pure cell populations.
Randomized Trial Comparing Initiation of Oral Feeding at 30 versus 33 Weeks Postmenstrual Age

Introduction: For many premature infants, the inability to achieve oral feeding competence is the last issue needing resolution prior to discharge. There is no consensus on the optimal postmenstrual age (PMA) for introducing premature infants to oral feedings. In the absence of evidence, many clinicians have adopted PMA criteria for initiation of oral feeding. Objective: To determine if earlier initiation of oral feeding attempts in infants born at < 29 weeks gestation leads to earlier attainment of full oral feedings and/or hospital discharge. Methods: Design: Randomized clinical trial Inclusion Criteria: Infants …
FDG-PET for Assessment of Endometrial and Vulvar Cancer

Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) provides a comprehensive whole body evaluation in patients with endometrial and vulvar cancer. Here, we discuss the role of FDG-PET/CT in defining the disease extent in patients presenting with these cancers. Detection of lymph node and distant metastases has implications for staging, treatment planning, and patient prognosis. Procedures for image acquisition and interpretation for optimum accuracy and essential elements that should be included in the PET-CT report are described. Common imaging pitfalls are presented and illustrated with examples.
Remixing Wakanda: Envisioning Critical Afrofuturist Design Pedagogies

While maker education offers a method for increasing interest in STEM domains among youth, underrepresented communities possess a rich cultural history of making and STEM practices too often ignored by popular articulations of making. In this paper we describe the 8-week ReMixing Wakanda Project, which brings together youth of color, artists, designers, educators, and researchers to construct a new vision for a culturally relevant and sustaining STEAM-centered learning and making framework situated in an Afrofuturist design aesthetic. Here we highlight how the design of the physical space, discussions with guest artists, and a collective art construction supported participants as they explored the past to confront the present and imagine futures for and by and about themselves.
Utilização de alimentos naturais por Oreochromis niloticus em tanques de terra com arraçoamento

Informations about natural feeding of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, raised in semi-intensive farming system in earthen ponds, may contribute to improve the management in order to decrease production costs. Hypothesis: a) O. niloticus ingest considerable amount of natural food even when raised with ration; b) There are preferential feeding schedules for ingestion; c) There are preferential food items among the natural ones. Hypothesis test: The quantitative evaluation of food items from the gut content of 208 animals was carried out using numeric, displacement-volumetric and gravimetric methods. Data were obtained from two 24 hours samplings realized in November 1997 and March 1998 at Pond 1 at each 4 hours, the first one in order to determine a schedule representative of ingestion and to evaluate the feeding chronology. From November to March, four biweekly samplings were done in Ponds 1 and 2, to complete the quantitative evaluation of endogenous natural food items ingestion. The following indices were applied: repletion, electivity and preponderance. Results show that there are preferential schedules of natural food ingestion and that the amount ingested was considerable. The diet consisted of ration, detritus, vascular plants, algae, and micro and macroinvertebrates, indicating that the tilapia behaved as omnivorous species, with preference for microalgae and Chironomidae larvae. The hypothesis validation indicates that management can be improved through a better use of the natural food, in order to decrease environmental and financial production costs.
Compaction conditions affect the capacity of biochar-amended sand filters to treat road runoff

Abstract Amending roadside soil with adsorbents such as biochar can help remove pollutants from road runoff. To maintain soil stability, the roadside soil requires compaction. However, it is unknown how compaction conditions affect the capacity of biochar-augmented roadside biofilters to infiltrate stormwater and remove pollutants. This work examines the effect of compaction conditions on the release of biochar particles disintegrated during compaction, and the change in their capacity to infiltrate stormwater and remove E. coli. The net loss of biochar particles by mobilization with stormwater was insignificant compared to the biochar remained in the filters. The initial release of biochar particles in wet-compacted biochar columns was greater than that in dry-compacted biochar. The results revealed that compaction can affect the release of biochar particles in a series of three-step processes: generation of particles by disintegration of large biochar under compaction, diffusion of particles deposited near grain walls to bulk pore water, and transport and retention of particles in constricted pore paths based on pore water connectivity. Under similar conditions, compost columns released more particles than biochar columns, suggesting biochar is more stable than compost under compaction. E. coli removal in wet-compacted columns was greater than removal in dry-compacted columns, owing to greater pore path connectivity in wet-compacted columns. These results indicate that addition of moisture during compaction can increase contaminant removal, initial particle release, and infiltration capacity of biochar-augmented sand filters for road runoff treatment. The results would help develop design guidelines for roadside stormwater treatment systems that require compaction of filter media.
Genotypic antimicrobial resistance characterization of E. coli from dairy calves at high risk of respiratory disease administered enrofloxacin or tulathromycin

The objective of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal effect of enrofloxacin or tulathromycin use in calves at high risk of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on antimicrobial resistance genes and mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) in fecal E. coli. Calves at high risk of developing BRD were randomly enrolled in one of three groups receiving: (1) enrofloxacin (ENR; n = 22); (2) tulathromycin (TUL; n = 24); or (3) no treatment (CTL; n = 21). Fecal samples were collected at enrollment and at 7, 28, and 56 days after beginning treatment, cultured for Escherichia coli (EC) and DNA extracted. Isolates were screened for cephalosporin, quinolone and tetracycline resistance genes using PCR. QRDR screening was conducted using Sanger sequencing. The only resistance genes detected were aac(6')Ib-cr (n = 13), bla-CTX-M (n = 51), bla-TEM (n = 117), tetA (n = 142) and tetB (n = 101). A significantly higher detection of gyrA mutated at position 248 at time points 7 (OR = 11.5; P value = 0.03) and 28 (OR = 9.0; P value = 0.05) was observed in the ENR group when compared to calves in the control group. Our findings support a better understanding of the potential impacts from the use of enrofloxacin in calves on the selection and persistence of resistance.
The Financing of Ideas and the Great Deviation

Why did the Great Recession lead to such a slow recovery? I build a model where heterogeneous firms invest in physical and intangible capital, and can default on their debt. In case of default, intangible assets are harder to seize by creditors. Hence, intangible capital faces higher financing costs. This differential is exacerbated in a financial crisis, when default is more likely and aggregate risk bears a higher premium. The resulting fall in intangible investment amplifies the crisis, and gradual intangible spillovers to other firms contribute to its persistence. Using panel data on Spanish manufacturing firms, I estimate the model matching firm-level moments regarding intangibles and financing. The model captures the extent and components of the Great Recession in Spanish manufacturing, whereas a standard model without endogenous intangible investment would miss more than half of the GDP fall. A policy of transfers conditional on firm age could speed up the recovery, as young firms tend to be more financially constrained, particularly regarding intangible investment. Conditioning transfers on firm size or subsidizing credit (as in current E.U. policy) appears to be less effective.
”It’s Just Everything Outside of the IDE that’s the Problem”:: Information Seeking by Software Developers with Visual Impairments

Many efforts to increase accessibility in coding for developers with visual impairments (DWVI) focus on supporting interactions with development tools. But, to understand how to appropriately modify and write source code, developers must seek information from a variety of disparate and highly technical sources. DWVI might benefit from technological support in this process. But, it is unclear what accessibility issues arise in technical information sources, whether accessibility impacts strategies for seeking technical information, or how best to support DWVI in information seeking. We conducted observations and interviews with twelve DWVI, to explore their information behaviors. We found that DWVI seek information in many of the same sources as their sighted peers, and accessibility issues in technical information sources were similar to those in nontechnical sources. But, despite these similarities, examining development as an information seeking process highlighted the role of contextual and social factors in determining accessibility for DWVI.
Erratum for Hashemi et al., "A Novel Platform Using RNA Signatures To Accelerate Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing in Neisseria gonorrhoeae".

Volume 58, no. 12, e01152-20, 2020, . References list: Reference [10][1] should appear as shown below. 1. 10.[↵][2]1. Ma KC, 2. Mortimer TD, 3. Hicks AL, 4. Wheeler NE, 5. Sanchez-Buso L, 6. Golparian D, 7. Taiaroa G
Empirical Ablation to Prevent Sequential Purkinje System Recruitment: A Novel Therapy for Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation

We report 3 cases (mean age 48.3 ± 11.6 years) of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF), in which a triggering premature ventricular complex leading to IVF could not be identified. All patients underwent posterior fascicle transection with empirical linear ablation of the mid-Purkinje potentials identified along the left ventricular interventricular inferior septum, and no ventricular fibrillation recurrence was documented in any of the patients. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
Multi-VFL: A Vertical Federated Learning System for Multiple Data and Label Owners.

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) refers to the collaborative training of a model on a dataset where the features of the dataset are split among multiple data owners, while label information is owned by a single data owner. In this paper, we propose a novel method, Multi Vertical Federated Learning (Multi-VFL), to train VFL models when there are multiple data and label owners. Our approach is the first to consider the setting where $D$-data owners (across which features are distributed) and $K$-label owners (across which labels are distributed) exist. This proposed configuration allows different entities to train and learn optimal models without having to share their data. Our framework makes use of split learning and adaptive federated optimizers to solve this problem. For empirical evaluation, we run experiments on the MNIST and FashionMNIST datasets. Our results show that using adaptive optimizers for model aggregation fastens convergence and improves accuracy.
The Basics of State Space Control

This chapter introduces the concept of controllability in state space. I address the control problem of driving a linear system to a constant state, usually zero. I construct a general procedure for state space control of controllable single-input systems assuming that the full state is available (full state feedback). This works if the system is controllable. I introduce pole placement. I apply the control algorithm to some of our systems: the overhead crane, the servo, the inverted pendulum, and magnetic suspension. I look at the effect of disturbances on controlled systems using magnetic suspension as an illustrative example. I use the control derived from the linearized systems to control the full nonlinear system in simulation as a way to assess the utility of the control.
Pre-service Teachers in Mathematics Lesson Study

This paper presents qualitative evidence to answer the questions, "What are the outcomes of engaging pre-service and in-service teachers in a collaborative lesson study experience" and "How can the outcomes of this experience inform future ways to include pre- service teachers in lesson study?" The data gathered demonstrate that including pre-service teachers in lesson study can introduce them to lesson-building as a process and cross-grades teacher collaboration. It can give them opportunities to be critical thinkers in the context of mathematics education and encourages them to think as teachers. One weakness the pre-service teachers demonstrated was an incomplete understanding of the appropriate use of technology in algebra. Consideration of prior knowledge and anticipation of student responses was lacking among both pre-service and in-service teachers. Overall, the data show that pre-service teachers can contribute to the lesson study process as researchers.
Time of Our Lives

Tom Kirkwood Weidenfeld and Nicolson, £20, pp 287 ISBN 0 297 84247 1 Rating:![Graphic][1] ![Graphic][2] No matter how much our lives have improved over the past century, the never ending search for health and longevity continues. Unfortunately, it seems that we humans want it all—not only do we relish the prospect of long life, but we want to enjoy it with the undiminished mental and physical prowess of youth. Modern science tempts us to believe that anything is possible when it comes to improving the human … [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif
Perception of competence in middle school physical education: instrument development and validation.

Abstract Perception of Competence (POC) has been studied extensively in physical activity (PA) research with similar instruments adapted for physical education (PE) research. Such instruments do not account for the unique PE learning environment. Therefore, an instrument was developed and the scores validated to measure POC in middle school PE. A multiphase design was used consisting of an intensive theoretical review, elicitation study, prepilot study, pilot study, content validation study, and final validation study (N = 1,281). Data analysis included a multistep iterative process to identify the best model fit. A three-factor model for POC was tested and resulted in root mean square error of approximation = .09, root mean square residual = .07, goodness of fit index = .90, and adjusted goodness of fit index = .86 values in the acceptable range (Hu & Bentler, 1999). A two-factor model was also tested and resulted in a good fit (two-factor fit indexes values = .05, .03, .98, .97, respectively). The resul...
Bactericidal Action of Nalidixic Acid on Bacillus subtilis

Abstract Cook, Thomas M. (Sterling-Winthrop Research Institute, Rensselaer, N.Y.), Karen G. Brown, James V. Boyle, and William A. Goss. Bactericidal action of nalidixic acid on Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 92:1510–1514. 1966.—Nalidixic acid at moderate concentrations exerts a bactericidal action upon the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. The synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in B. subtilis is selectively inhibited by nalidixic acid at concentrations approximating the minimal growth inhibitory concentration. Higher concentrations (25 μg/ml) result in a 30 to 35% degradation of DNA. After extended exposure to nalidixic acid, protein synthesis is also depressed. Cells of B. subtilis treated with nalidixic acid exhibit characteristic morphological abnormalities including cell elongation and development of gram-negative areas. From the results presented, it can be concluded that the mode of action of nalidixic acid upon susceptible bacteria is similar for both gram-positive and gram-negative species.
Mathematical basis for decision support systems

In most real world situations, decisions are made under uncertainty. Uncertainty results from both a dynamic environment and a lack of information about parameters relevant to the decision. We assume the environment is given and look at reducing the uncertainty associated with a lack of information. In general, the less uncertainty a decision maker has, the better his/her decision. Because of this, the decision maker wants to acquire information to reduce his/her uncertainty. A computer system1s, especially Decision Support System’s (DSS), purpose is to aid people in making decisions by providing information relevant to the decision. Even though a computer system’s primary purpose is to aid in making decisions, few computer systems or algorithms are designed from a decision theoretic standpoint.
The PIAS-like Coactivator Zmiz1 Is a Direct and Selective Cofactor of Notch1 in T Cell Development and Leukemia

Pan-NOTCH inhibitors are poorly tolerated in clinical trials because NOTCH signals are crucial for intestinal homeostasis. These inhibitors might also promote cancer because NOTCH can act as a tumor suppressor. We previously reported that the PIAS-like coactivator ZMIZ1 is frequently co-expressed with activated NOTCH1 in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we show that similar to Notch1, Zmiz1 was important for T cell development and controlled the expression of certain Notch target genes, such as Myc. However, unlike Notch, Zmiz1 had no major role in intestinal homeostasis or myeloid suppression. Deletion of Zmiz1 impaired the initiation and maintenance of Notch-induced T-ALL. Zmiz1 directly interacted with Notch1 via a tetratricopeptide repeat domain at a special class of Notch-regulatory sites. In contrast to the Notch cofactor Maml, which is nonselective, Zmiz1 was selective. Thus, targeting the NOTCH1-ZMIZ1 interaction might combat leukemic growth while avoiding the intolerable toxicities of NOTCH inhibitors.
Comparison of dielectric surface passivation of monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon

Reducing solar cell thickness is an attractive way to reduce material costs. However, model calculations in this paper show that if rear surface recombination velocity (S) is greater than about 1000 cm/s, a 100-/spl mu/m-thick screen-printed cell on solar-grade material has a lower efficiency than a 300-/spl mu/m-thick cell. The literature demonstrates that S < 1000 cm/s is readily achievable on monocrystalline materials. However, S on multicrystal line silicon (mc-Si) seems less thoroughly investigated. In this study, string ribbon mc-Si wafers of different resistivities are passivated with a thermal oxide, plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) nitride, and an oxide/nitride stack. For comparison, float zone (FZ) and Czochralski (Cz) monocrystalline wafers are passivated identically. By analyzing measured lifetimes under 500 nm and 1000 nm illumination, upper and lower limits on S are determined. For most of the monocrystalline wafers investigated in this study, the upper limit on S is less than 1000 cm/s, while for most of the multicrystalline wafers, 1000 cm/s falls within the error bars. Thus, thinning monocrystalline silicon should improve cell performance; however, it is difficult to conclude from this data that solar cell efficiency will improve when reducing thickness for the specified mc-Si materials and passivation technologies. In fact, results strongly suggest that S on string ribbon mc-Si is higher than S on identically passivated FZ.
Direct Comparison of Visual Cortex Activation in Human and Nonhuman Primates Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

We report a technique for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in an awake, co-operative, rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) in a conventional 1.5T clinical MR scanner, thus accomplishing the first direct comparison of activation in visual cortex between humans and non-human primates with fMRI. Activation was seen in multiple areas of striate and extra-striate visual cortex and in areas for motion, object and face recognition in the monkey and in homologous visual areas in a human volunteer. This article describes T1, T2 and T 2 values for macaque cortex, suitable MR imaging sequences, a training schedule, stimulus delivery apparatus and restraining hardware for monkey fMRI using a conventional 19 cm knee coil. Much of our understanding of the functional organization of the primate brain comes from physiological studies in monkeys. Direct comparison between species using fMRI such as those described here will help us to relate the wealth of existing knowledge on the functional organization of the non-human primate brain to human fMRI. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Predictors of Service-Delivery Models in Center-Based Early Intervention:

This study examined the perceptions of early childhood intervention professionals toward the integration of special services into regular classrooms, rather than through segregated, pullout approaches. A mail survey of occupational therapists, physical therapists, special educators, and speech-language pathologists asked (a) what practitioners perceived as their typical and ideal practices and (b) what influenced their choices of service-delivery models. Multiple-regression analyses were used to determine how choice of models for different situations predicted the extent to which respondents used integrated practices. Results showed that special educators were most likely to use and favor integrated services, followed by occupational therapists, speech-language pathologists, and physical therapists.
Design and optimization of energy efficient complex separation networks

Abstract Separation processes account for more than half of capital and operating costs in chemical manufacturing. Separations are the energy intensive operations in the chemical industry. Rising energy consumption combined with the environmental impact increases the need for energy saving separation processes. Fortunately complex column networks have the potential for major energy savings estimated to range between 30 and 70% over simple column configuration. In this paper, a computer-aided synthesis method is introduced to synthesize optimal complex column arrangements which encode the cost and states of global solutions with minimum user input. A robust feasibility criterion helps select design and operating conditions for the entire network that can be realized in practice. Our method builds on thermodynamic transformations entitled temperature collocation which provides crucial advantages to determine the operating conditions, structure , and size of the separation network for achieving the desired product cuts. The computational approach guarantees realizable column profiles, which can be validated with industrially accepted simulation software such as Aspen Hysys and Aspen Plus.
A new method for production of titanium dioxide pigment

Abstract Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely used as pigment in paints, paper and cosmetic products, as well as high-tech applications such as solar cells, semiconductors, biomedical devices and air purification. TiO2 pigment is primarily produced by a high temperature chloride process, which forms CO2 as a reaction byproduct. A novel hydrometallurgical process for making TiO2 pigment without direct CO2 emission is investigated. The novel process involves alkaline roasting of titania slag, with subsequent washing, leaching, solvent extraction, hydrolysis, and calcination stages, resulting in high-purity anatase or rutile pigments. Experimental validation for each of the processing steps is demonstrated. Pigment whiteness is critically sensitive to trace amounts of discoloring impurities such as iron. The use of solvent extraction proved to be highly effective in reducing the concentration of discoloring impurities in the final pigment to commercially acceptable levels.
Budgetary Medical Ethics

TNevertheless, we need to be rejuvenated on occasion by recalling that the majority of the increase in life expece 9 tancy this century has resulted from basic prevention cc.A programs. We need to be reminded that the terror of smallpox is unknown to this generation of Americans; that parents are spared worrying about children mentally retarded by measles and crippled by polio. We have traveled far from the days of our grandparents, when the joys of parenthood were interrupted by diphtheria and pertussis, when young marriages were ended by tuberculosis and communities were shattered by cholera. For this we can thank prevention. Recent decades have seen the rapid delineation of risks which can be altered by individual behavior and the widespread dissemination of that information. Recent responses, including a decrease in smoking rates, state laws requiring child restraints in automobiles, the raising of drinking ages in some states, and increased attention to drinking and driving laws, provide hope that prevention efforts will continue to improve. The concern for worker health, the systematic examination of risks in the workplace, recommendations on allowable exposure levels to physical and chemical agents are tributes to public health attempts to improve the quality of existence both for this generation and for those to follow. Despite the obvious positive contributions of public health, we are confronted with a basic contradiction, namely the continuing increase in health care expenditures while prevention advocates are forced to fight repeatedly for already proven programs. This contradiction is highlighted fifty to sixty times each week as another preventable death from tubercu-