cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Applying Concept Analysis to User-Session-Based Testing of Web Applications

The continuous use of the Web for daily operations by businesses, consumers, and the government has created a great demand for reliable Web applications. One promising approach to testing the functionality of Web applications leverages the user-session data collected by Web servers. User-session-based testing automatically generates test cases based on real user profiles. The key contribution of this paper is the application of concept analysis for clustering user sessions and a set of heuristics for test case selection. Existing incremental concept analysis algorithms are exploited to avoid collecting and maintaining large user-session data sets and to thus provide scalability. We have completely automated the process from user session collection and test suite reduction through test case replay. Our incremental test suite update algorithm, coupled with our experimental study, indicates that concept analysis provides a promising means for incrementally updating reduced test suites in response to newly captured user sessions with little loss in fault detection capability and program coverage.
ReplicationDomain: a visualization tool and comparative database for genome-wide replication timing data

Eukaryotic DNA replication is regulated at the level of large chromosomal domains (0.5–5 megabases in mammals) within which replicons are activated relatively synchronously. These domains replicate in a specific temporal order during S-phase and our genome-wide analyses of replication timing have demonstrated that this temporal order of domain replication is a stable property of specific cell types. We have developed ReplicationDomain http://www.replicationdomain.org as a web-based database for analysis of genome-wide replication timing maps (replication profiles) from various cell lines and species. This database also provides comparative information of transcriptional expression and is configured to display any genome-wide property (for instance, ChIP-Chip or ChIP-Seq data) via an interactive web interface. Our published microarray data sets are publicly available. Users may graphically display these data sets for a selected genomic region and download the data displayed as text files, or alternatively, download complete genome-wide data sets. Furthermore, we have implemented a user registration system that allows registered users to upload their own data sets. Upon uploading, registered users may choose to: (1) view their data sets privately without sharing; (2) share with other registered users; or (3) make their published or "in press" data sets publicly available, which can fulfill journal and funding agencies' requirements for data sharing. ReplicationDomain is a novel and powerful tool to facilitate the comparative visualization of replication timing in various cell types as well as other genome-wide chromatin features and is considerably faster and more convenient than existing browsers when viewing multi-megabase segments of chromosomes. Furthermore, the data upload function with the option of private viewing or sharing of data sets between registered users should be a valuable resource for the scientific community.
Reliable transform domain adaptive filters designed with a hybrid combination of redundant hardware modules and algorithmic error detection and correction

System architectures for fault tolerant computing and signal processing can be based on either modular hardware redundancy or arithmetic error detection and correction coding. Traditional triple modular redundancy (TMR) is very general but often leads to hardware intensive high-power implementations. In contrast, fault tolerant designs that rely on arithmetic coding reduce hardware requirements but result in higher computational requirements that must be implemented in a separate decoding unit. This paper proposes a hybrid combination of redundant hardware modules and arithmetic (algorithmic) error detection to produce efficient and reliable designs for transform domain adaptive filters.
We Can Work It Out: Student-Initiated Strategies to Facilitate Cross-Generational Supervisory Interactions.

Unique challenges associated with cross-generational supervision have been a hot topic in clinical education. A major focus of this discussion is increasing supervisor awareness of cross-generati...
A deterministic fluid model for cell loss in ATM networks

The cell loss suffered by a data stream in an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network is studied using its loss function L( mu , beta ). This is the number of cells lost if the stream were allocated a transmission bandwidth of mu cells per second and a buffer of beta cells. Properties of the loss function are derived. Two popular allocation schemes are studied: the fixed-rate-fixed-buffer scheme and the leaky bucket scheme. An example suggests how the loss function might be used to relate pricing of bandwidth and buffer resources to the resulting cell loss. >
Orientation of Nuclei in Ferromagnets

A theoretical discussion is given of the various orientation effects acting on nuclei in ferromagnets, and the results are compared to experimental measurements on the specific heat and the anisotropy in the emission of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays by radioactive ${\mathrm{Co}}^{60}$. The orientation is due to an effective magnetic field which is, neglecting some small terms, the sum of one negative and four positive contributions all of which are roughly comparable. The uncertainty in the total field predicted is considerable but nevertheless rough agreement is obtained with the few experimental results at present available.
Suppression of MMP-9 by doxycycline in brain arteriovenous malformations

The primary aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing doxycycline to suppress matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Ex-vivo treatment of AVM tissues: Intact AVM tissues were treated with doxycycline for 48 hours. Active and total MMP-9 in the medium were measured. Pilot trial: AVM patients received either doxycycline (100 mg) or placebo twice a day for one week prior to AVM resection. Active and total MMP-9 in BVM tissues were measured. Ex-vivo treatment of AVM tissues: Doxycycline at 10 and 100 μg/ml significantly decreased MMP-9 levels in AVM tissues ex-vivo (total: control vs 10 vs 100 μg/ml = 100 ± 6 vs 60 ± 16 vs 61 ± 9%; active: 100 ± 8 vs 48 ± 16 vs 59 ± 10%). Pilot trial: 10 patients received doxycycline, and 4 patients received placebo. There was a trend for both MMP-9 levels to be lower in the doxycycline group than in the placebo group (total: 2.18 ± 1.94 vs 3.26 ± 3.58, P = .50; active: 0.48 ± 0.48 vs 0.95 ± 1.01 ng/100 μg protein, P = .25). A clinically relevant concentration of doxycycline decreased MMP-9 in ex-vivo AVM tissues. Furthermore, there was a trend that oral doxycycline for as short as one week resulted in a decrease in MMP-9 in AVM tissues. Further studies are warranted to justify a clinical trial to test effects of doxycycline on MMP-9 expression in AVM tissues.
Applying how adults rehearse to understand how rehearsal may develop.

We address short-term memory development and the role of covert verbal rehearsal (CVR), the imagined pronunciation of items from a list to be recalled. We suggest insights based on studies of serial and free recall. The research in adults has taken two tacks. (1) Overt rehearsal responses have been elicited to study what CVR strategies may occur, and (2) conditions have been imposed impeding the use CVR, presumably allowing an examination of its effects on recall. There are related lines of developmental research. We evaluate first overt rehearsal and then suppression-of-CVR evidence.
Spectroscopic Study of Transparent Forsterite Nanocrystalline Glass-Ceramics Doped with Chromium

We present a spectroscopic study of transparent forsterite nanocrystalline glass–ceramic doped with chromium, a promising active medium for near-infrared fiber-optic applications. Absorption, emission, excited-state absorption spectra, and continuous function decay analysis of luminescence decay reveal the presence of Cr3+ and Cr4+ centers in both glass and crystal phases. The optical behavior of Cr3+ and Cr4+ centers is discussed and compared with that in bulk forsterite crystals.
Analysis of the photo voltage decay (PVD) method for measuring minority carrier lifetimes in P‐N junction solar cells

The photo voltage decay (PVD) method for the measurement of minority carrier lifetimes in P-N junction solar cells with cell thickness comparable to or even less than the minority carrier diffusion length is examined. The method involves the generation of free carriers in the quasi-neutral bulk material by flashes of light and the monitoring of the subsequent decay of the induced open-circuit voltages as the carriers recombine, which is dependent on minority carrier recombination lifetime. It is shown that the voltage versus time curve for an ordinary solar cell (N(+)-P junction) is proportional to the inverse minority carrier lifetime plus a factor expressing the ratio of diffusion length to cell thickness. In the case of an ideal back-surface-field cell (N(+)-P-P(+) junction) however, the slope is directly proportional to the inverse minority carrier lifetime. It is noted that since most BSF cells are not ideal, possessing a sizable back surface recombination velocity, the PVD measurements must be treated with caution and supplemented with other nonstationary methods.
Composition of Goat's Milk: Changes Within Milking and Effects of a High Concentrate Diet

Abstract In Experiment 1, 14 lactation goats of various breeds were used to measure changes of milk fat content during the milking process. Milking was divided into quarterly intervals with equal amounts of milk. There was an increase of fat percent of quarterly fractions through milking. In Experiment 2, 11 lactating goats were used to determine the effect of a high concentrate, low roughage diet on milk yield, fat yield, milk composition, and ruminal volatile fatty acid concentration. High concentrate diet caused an 18% decrease of milk yield and a 7 to 20% depression of milk fat percent. Proportions of long chain unsaturated and short chain fatty acids were increased, and long chain saturated fatty acids were decreased by the diet depressing milk fat. No changes of either milk protein or total solids were observed. Feeding the high concentrate diet caused an increase of molar percent of propionic acid and decreases of molar percent of acetic acid and ratio of acetate to propionate compared with the high roughage diet. The response of milk fat depression in goats with a high concentrate diet was similar to that for dairy cattle.
Fairly adjusted multimode dynamic guard bandwidth admission control over CDMA systems

Guard-based call admission control schemes support admission priorities based on resources sharing with differentiated resource capacity limits. To minimize deviation from call blocking/dropping targets due to nonstationary call arrival condition, dynamic guard-based schemes with predictive adaptation control adjust differentiated capacity limits according to predicted future arrival rates based on specified estimation algorithms. Existing dynamic guard admission schemes are developed under the assumption of perfect estimation, which may not be possible in a highly nonstationary environment and, thus resulting in failures to maintain targeted blocking/dropping probabilities. This paper presents the fairly adjusted multimode-dynamic guard bandwidth scheme, which is a dynamic-guard-based scheme over code-division multiple-access systems with predictive adaptation control to adapt interference-based guard loading-limits under nonstationary call arrival condition; and reactive adaptation control to counteract arrival rate estimation errors. When the predictive adaptation control policy mode is not able to maintain long-term call blocking or dropping targets due to estimation error, this will trigger reactive adaptation control policy modes that include temporary blocking (preemption) of one or more lower priority classes subject to fairness constraints to ensure lower priority classes are not preempted at all costs during estimation error recovery. Analytical and simulation results show that proposed scheme is able to provide performance guarantees in terms of dropping probabilities under nonstationary traffic arrival and imperfect arrival rate estimation.
The Crème de la Crème: Stratification and Accumulative Advantage Within US Private Research Universities

This chapter examines how changing field conditions for US private research universities relate to stratification and accumulation of economic and cultural capital at a handful of elite institutions. We used latent profile analysis to identify and describe subgroups of institutions by endowment holdings and enrollment demand, and drew on descriptive data to examine how levels of resources within these subgroups changed over time. Findings indicated that by restricting seats and recruiting high-scoring students, a small number of private research institutions maintained their position, using these gains along with growth in endowment investments to leverage additional resources.
Experimental design and comparative testing of a hybrid-cooled computer cluster

With water cooling becoming an affordable option both at home and at scale, it is important to consider the possible benefits over air cooling. There are several methods of liquid cooling, notables include: immersion, cold water cooling, and warm water cooling. The total cost of ownership is difficult to determine with these options as each has a different impact on the data center. Considering retrofit, over a new data center, introduces unforeseen variables that make cost analysis a challenge. Besides the added costs of additional infrastructure, and the cost to remove old, the upfront costs could be daunting. Therefore a cost analysis would be a study of its own. This study however hopes to reveal the resulting tradeoffs in temperature, performance, and power usage presented in the case between classical airflow based heat sink mechanisms to water provided directly at the heat sink. Having control over a discrete chiller will provide answers to the CPU temperatures, power usage, and performance at various inlet water temperatures. To water or to air?
Partisanship and tax competition in the American states

Existing research identifies partisan differences in taxing choices made by state governments. Research has also found that, even when controlling for intrastate characteristics such as party, jurisdictions respond to the taxing decisions of their neighbours, particularly when citizens can easily cross-border shop. These studies treat political and competitive factors as independent influences on taxes. We suggest they are more likely to interact in taxing decisions. We argue that the political costs of cross-border shopping are higher for Republicans, and the threat of it should have a greater negative impact on taxes when that party controls major state policy-making institutions. Our analyses of state cigarette taxes between 1980 and 2011 confirm that a higher threat of cross-border shopping has a larger negative impact on taxes under Republican governors. We conclude that, by missing the interaction between partisanship and the threat of fiscal mobility, previous work misestimates key influences on tax competition.
Epidemiology of Sudden Death

Sudden death, mainly out-of-hospital death, is a major public health burden throughout the world. It accounts for 50 to 75% of all fatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in countries where data are collected. It is usually unexpected, affecting all age, gender, and ethnic groups (1). The immediate mechanism of death is ventricular fibrillation or ventricular standstill, but the underlying cause is commonly ischemic coronary heart disease (CHD). However, other causes including different forms of cardiac pathology, genetic and environmentally induced, are also well recognized.
Couples and shared leisure experiences

ABSTRACTThis paper explored how romantic couples’ involvement in a music scene affected both individual and mutual enjoyment during participation which stimulated the desire for future shared leisure experiences. As all aspects of involvement were seen as largely positive, shared music scene participation served as a vehicle to grow together and strengthen relationships. Through joint participation couples were able to affect their collective well-being in three ways: (1) participation on an individual level led to accrued happiness through lengthy and frequent involvement in an activity that was significantly meaningful and a high priority in each participant’s life; (2) participation and interaction with their significant other in the activity that had high value for both led to shared happiness and (3) the shared participation led to greater well-being for the union of the partnership through the existence of mutual friendships, meaningful music and positive experiences of release, recharging and catha...
Minimally Invasive Approaches to Continent Urinary Diversion

The primary objective of urinary diversion is to allow low-pressure storage and efficient drainage of urine in patients with bladder cancer or severe lower urinary tract dysfunction. Continent urinary diversion, although more challenging to construct and less commonly performed than non-continent diversion, offers the advantages of an intra-corporeal pouch for urinary storage and a concealed stoma for evacuation. Minimally, invasive approaches to the creation of continent urinary diversions have emerged over the last 20 years and may limit the morbidity of these procedures by potentially allowing shorter hospitalization, earlier recovery, and improved postoperative pain control. We review the various advances in minimally invasive approaches to continent urinary diversion.
Adversarial sequence tagging

Providing sequence tagging that minimize Hamming loss is a challenging, but important, task. Directly minimizing this loss over a training sample is generally an NP-hard problem. Instead, existing sequence tagging methods minimize a convex upper bound that upper bounds the Hamming loss. Unfortunately, this often either leads to inconsistent predictors (e.g., max-margin methods) or predictions that are mismatched on the Hamming loss (e.g., conditional random fields). We present adversarial sequence tagging, a consistent structured prediction framework for minimizing Hamming loss by pessimistically viewing uncertainty. Our approach pessimistically approximates the training data, yielding an adversarial game between the sequence tag predictor and the sequence labeler. We demonstrate the benefits of the approach on activity recognition and information extraction/segmentation tasks.
Propagation of errors in two methods for determining tibial contact locations using single-plane fluoroscopy following total knee arthroplasty

ABSTRACTAnalysis of anterior–posterior (A–P) tibial contact locations following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) provides an objective assessment of the relative motion of the tibia on the femur during activities of daily living. Determining A–P tibial contact locations using single-plane fluoroscopy requires input in the form of the relative 3D position and orientation of the components. Although errors in the relative 3D position and orientation of the components have been quantified, it is unknown how these errors propagate into errors in the A–P tibial contact locations. To assess the propagation of errors for two methods used to calculate A–P tibial contact locations, 1000-iteration Monte Carlo simulations were performed for different reference relative 3D positions and orientations of the femoral component. For each iteration, random errors were added to each of the six degrees of freedom of the reference relative 3D position and orientation and the A–P tibial contact locations were calculated using th...
An Analysis of Open Ports and Port Pairs in EC2 Instances

Cloud computing offers the potential for productivity, cost savings and innovation advantages to organizations. To utilize these benefits, to facilitate wide-scale cloud adoption and to embrace cloud computing, we must address many cloud security challenges. Attackers can compromise the vulnerable hosts and can either take over their resources or use them as stepping stones for future attacks. Open ports can be the most prominent gateway for many threats and potential attacks. Security communities, reports and surveys often state that port scans can be considered as precursors to an attack. In this paper, we performed an analysis pinpointing the risks of open ports in a cloud environment. We examined the problem by utilizing Amazon Web Services (AWS), showing that both individual and pairs of open ports on cloud servers can expose organizations to increased security risks. We discussed the security guidelines and potential best practices to address them.
Corpus Development and Publication

This paper will discuss issues relevant to corpus development and publication at the LDC and will illustrate those issues by examining the history of three LDC corpora. This paper will also briefly examine alternative corpus creation and distribution methods and their challenges. The intent of this paper is to increase the available linguistic resources by describing the regulatory and technical environment and thus improving the understanding and interaction between corpus providers and distributors.
Does human trafficking extend conflict duration

It is commonly believed that some rebel and terrorist groups are apt to fund their operations through human trafficking and the illicit trade in exploited labor. Recently, groups like Boko Haram ha...
Initiation and growth of embryogenic callus and suspension cultures of Zea mays L.

The immature embryos of maize genotype H99 can be induced by dicamba to produce primarily type I embryogenic callus, that is firm, compact, relatively slow-growing. Immature embryos of one (G35 X B73)s line cultured in the presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) yield type II embryogenic callus, a rapidly-growing, highly friable callus exhibiting well-formed somatic embryos. A selected responsive (G35 X 373)s line can be induced to yield a high frequency of type II callus whereas embryos from a second selected nonresponsive (G35 X 373)s line cannot be induced to form somatic embryos under any known set of conditions. Immature embryos from these three corn lines were cultured, fixed at various times during the culture period, and embedded in paraffin and/or resin. The H99 embryos showed a generalized area of meristematic tissue that appeared to be initiated in the subepidermal layers of the scutellum. The immature embryos of the responsive (G35 X 373)s line showed distinct groups of meristematic cells at the scutellar surface. These groups were only 6-8 cells in size in contrast to the large meristematic regions observed in H99 immature embryos. The scutellar cells of the nonresponsive (G35 X 373)5 hybrid did not develop meristematic regions, and the cells of both the epidermal and
Dog Bites to Children: Family Interventions and Prevention Strategies

Abstract This chapter discusses the sobering reality that children 10 years and younger frequently sustain significant injuries from dog bites leaving the child and family members to deal with unforeseen difficulties. These challenges include medical bills, legal entanglements, long-term fear of dogs, post trauma symptoms, and caregiver guilt. Suggestions for how to assess and address these issues and provide interventions that enhance coping skills are included.
Olga Bertelsen, compiler, editor, and with an introduction and notes. Les' Kurbas i teatr "Berezil'": Arkhivni dokumenty (1927-1988) [Les' Kurbas and the Berezil' Theatre: Archival Documents (1927-1988)].

Book review of Olga Bertelsen, compiler, editor, and with an introduction and notes . Les' Kurbas i teatr “Berezil'”: Arkhivni dokumenty (1927-1988) [ Les' Kurbas and the Berezil' Theatre: Archival Documents (1927-1988) ]. 2016. Arkhiv Rozstrilianoho vidrodzhennia [ Archive of the Executed Renaissance ], vol. 2, Vydavnytstvo “Smoloskyp,” 2010-16. 2 vols. 504 pp. Illustrations. Appendices. Index of Names. UAH 130,00 , cloth.
Center of Mass and Postural Adaptations During Robotic Exoskeleton-Assisted Walking for Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury

The goal of this study is to understand the postural adaptations characterized by the whole body center of mass (COM) for individuals with SCI while walking with powered robotic exoskeletons, EksoGTTM and ReWalkTM. COM excursions showed a greater medial-lateral weight shift approach while walking in the EksoGTTM compared to a more forward-lean approach in the ReWalk™, however, postural trunk lean was significantly (p < 0.05) higher in the ReWalkTM. Understanding the effects of exoskeleton designs on posture and sway is crucial towards developing effective and efficient training protocols for rehabilitation and recovery post SCI.
Assessing “green” and “resilient” building features using a purposeful systems approach

Abstract There is significant overlap between the goals of two urban imperatives – sustainability and resilience – and current research highlights synergies. However, few studies are able to test this assumption under disruptive conditions. This paper questions the relevance of green building features to support resilience during a disruption, relying on fieldwork conducted at a green multifamily building before and after the 2012 Hurricane Sandy. Findings indicate that the building fared well during the storm, but much of the green infrastructure was bypassed during preparations; thus, the building performed largely as a conventional building. Although green features can potentially provide redundancies or substitutes for several building services, the characteristics that fostered the successful performance of the study building during the storm – effective building management, a superior location, and residents with resources – outweighed the importance of the green infrastructure. This finding highlights the need to redefine the goals of sustainability and resilience to ensure synergies. It identifies highly trained, empowered operating staff as the key. This research posits that current views of resilience can be expanded to include purposeful systems, or a system's ability to continue to serve its end-users’ specific purposes while in an atypical state, even during a shock.
The effect of land use regulations on farmland protection and non-agricultural land conversions in China

This paper examines the effect of the Prime Farmland Protection Regulation in protecting high quality farmland from urban development and the subsequent effect on non‐farmland conversion in China in the first decade after the Regulation came into effect (1995‐2005). The empirical evaluation is conducted with geo‐referenced panel data for the entire country. Results indicate that the rate of farmland conversion was reduced during 1995‐2000. About two‐fifths of the reduction results from the protection of farmland with high grain productivity. There is no evidence of the effectiveness of the Regulation in protecting farmland during the period 2000–2005, regardless of land quantity or quality. Farmland development was accompanied by a reduction in forests and grasslands during the period from 1995 through to 2005.
On Nudging’s Supposed Threat to Rational Decision-Making

Nudging is a tool of libertarian paternalism. It involves making use of certain psychological tendencies in order to help people make better decisions without restricting their freedom. However, some have argued that nudging is objectionable because it interferes with, or undermines, the rational decision-making of the nudged agents. Opinions differ on why this is objectionable, but the underlying concerns appear to begin with nudging's threat to rational decision-making. Those who discuss this issue do not make it clear to what this threat to rationality amounts. In this paper I evaluate what effect nudging has on our decision-making and I argue that it does not typically interfere with our rationality in a problematic way. Perhaps nudging is objectionable for other reasons, but we should not argue that nudging is objectionable based on concerns about rational decision-making.
Sex‐limited penetrance of lymphedema to females with CELSR1 haploinsufficiency: a second family

A second multigeneration family with hereditary lymphedema (LE) secondary to a variant in the planar polarity gene, CELSR1, is described. Dominant inheritance of the variant was discovered using whole-exome sequencing and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. In contrast to heterozygous males, all heterozygous females showed LE during physical examination albeit variable in severity and age of onset. Lymphscintigraphy in affected females showed previously undescribed lymphatic abnormalities consistent with lymphangiectasia, valve dysfunction, and thoracic duct reflux.
Open surgical approach to laryngoceles and saccular cysts

Saccular disorders extending beyond the thyrohyoid membrane are classified as external, or combined, based on to their extension beyond the thyrohyoid membrane and the proportion of the external to the internal component. The workup is the same as for internal saccular disorders and airway safety is of utmost importance. The open/transcervical approach is currently the treatment of choice for cases with relatively large external component. Endoscopic approach was also reported for combined lesions with a relatively smaller external component.
Effects of Activity-Based Interventions and Parent Involvement on Social Interaction Skills in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder

Date Presented 04/05/19 The study identified parents’ perspectives on the effects of activity-based interventions and parent involvement on social interaction skills in children with autism. The qualitative and quantitative data indicate that parents perceive improvement in the social behaviors of their children following activity-based group sessions in which the parents are actively involved. The study supports the value of activity-based intervention and the impact of social environment on occupational performance. Primary Author and Speaker: Emily Mike Additional Authors and Speakers: Donna Eichhorn
Minimal cost WDM network for incremental traffic

A wavelength division multiplexed network is considered for arbitrary topologies. The network allows optical signals to pass through nodes, which often results in less electronic and opto-electronic equipment than networks that do not, i.e., networks that only switch traffic electronically. A disadvantage of having optical pass through is that there is less capability to switch tributary traffic streams and so there may be more blocking. However, it is shown that the network operates as well as a network with only electronic switching under a particular incremental traffic model. Examples are given that shows that the network can have lower cost when the cost is dominated by the line terminating equipment. A simple heuristic design algorithm is also given to configure the network to minimize its cost.
Prevalence of damaged and missing teeth among women in the southern plains of Nepal: Findings of a simplified assessment tool.

Objective To assess the prevalence of missing and damaged teeth among women in the rural southern plains of Nepal using an interviewer-administered tooth assessment module. Setting 21wards in seven Village Development Committees across the Tarai of Nepal in 2015. Participants Resident, married women of children less than 5 years of age or those married in the 2 years prior to the survey, 14 to 49 years of age participating in a mid-year nutrition and health survey in the Tarai region of Nepal. Outcome measures Prevalence of missing and damaged teeth, history of dental problems, oral hygiene practices, access to dental treatment and risk factors for missing and damaged teeth. Results Of 3007 assessed women, aged 14 to 49 years of age, 22.8% (95% CI: 21.4–24.4) reported ≥ 1 missing or damaged teeth; 81.5% (95% CI 80.1–82.9) reported regularly practicing oral hygiene, typically with standard local dentifrices. Pain or discomfort in the oral cavity in the previous 6 months affected 17.6% of women. Among these, 43.8% had sought treatment from a dental facility, pharmacy or village doctor. Home remedies were commonly applied to relieve pain. Conclusion Broken and missing teeth are common, affecting nearly one-quarter of adult women of reproductive age in rural Southern Nepal, as assessed by an interviewer-administered questionnaire.
Reaction Mechanism of the Sn2Fe Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Sn2Fe anode materials were synthesized by a solvothermal route, and their electrochemical performance and reaction mechanism were evaluated. The structural evolution in the first two lithium cycles was investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), and magnetic studies. In the first cycle, progressive alloying of Sn with Li accompanied by metallic iron displacement occurs upon lithiation, and the delithiation proceeds by Li x Sn dealloying and recovery of the Sn2Fe phase. In the second cycle, both XRD and XAS identify Li-Sn alloying at earlier lithiation stages than in the first cycle, with low-Li-content alloys evident in the beginning of the lithiation process. In the fully lithiated state, XAS analysis reveals higher coordination numbers in both the Li x Sn and Fe phases, which points toward more complete reaction and higher crystallinity of the products. Upon second delithiation, the Sn2Fe phase is generally reformed as evidenced by XRD. However, XAS indicates somewhat reduced Sn-Fe coordination and shorter Fe-Fe distance, which indicates incomplete reconversion and metallic Fe retention, which is also evident in the magnetic studies. Thus, a combination of long-range (XRD, magnetic) and local (XAS) techniques has revealed differences between the first and the second Li cycles relevant to the understanding of the capacity fading mechanisms.
Provenance and erosional impact of Quaternary megafloods through the Yarlung-Tsangpo Gorge from zircon U-Pb geochronology of flood deposits, eastern Himalaya

Abstract Holocene and Upper Pleistocene sediments in the eastern Himalayan syntaxis represent an extraordinary record of glacial outburst megafloods in one of the most tectonically active landscapes on Earth. Glacial damming and outburst floods in the syntaxis may have focused erosion in the steep Tsangpo Gorge and inhibited river incision into the margin of the Tibetan Plateau. However, few flood slackwater deposits have been studied, and it is unknown which of the hundreds of known glacial impoundments in Tibet may have sourced the floods. Here we report n=1438 new detrital zircon U-Pb data from individual ancient megaflood and historical outburst flood slackwater deposits to examine the provenance and erosive potential of these events. Detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology of megaflood deposits show that megaflood provenance is more consistent with impoundment of the Yarlung River drainage at or west of the Namche Barwa massif, than impoundment of eastern drainages along the Yigong and Parlung Rivers. Compared to active bedload in the Siang River, and historical floods within the same drainage area, megaflood samples overall contain a disproportionately large amount of zircons eroded from the Tsangpo Gorge. We interpret this preferential derivation to reflect preferential erosion during large discharge events—supporting the hypothesis that Quaternary megafloods are a primary contributor to rapid exhumation of the eastern Himalayan syntaxis.
Activated Isobutylene-Isoprene Rubber—Synthesis, Peroxide Cure, and Mechanical Properties

EIIR, a derivative of isobutylene-isoprene rubber (IIR) with geminal vinylidene-acrylate motifs, has been synthesized by grafting ethyl propiolate to IIR via EtAlCl2-catalyzed Alder-ene reaction. M...
Configuration and impurity quantification of AmLi sources using radiography and gamma spectroscopy

Abstract This paper presents the non-destructive assay of two AmLi sources used for detector characterization and active interrogation at PNNL, identified as MRC-101 and MRC-103. First, a detailed description of the internal configuration of 2724-BT encapsulated MRC sources is established. X-ray radiographs of the AmLi sources are reported for the first time to verify the dimensions and orientation of the encapsulation. Notably, a density variation was observed as a contrast change across the height of the source cavities. Contrary to commonly made assumptions in literature, it is indirectly observed that the AmLi source/target material only occupies a portion of the source cavity. The intensity of the prompt gamma-rays resulting from the inelastic scatter of alpha particles on 7Li was used to calculate the mass ratios of LiH:AmO2. The gamma-ray spectra revealed the presence of numerous impurities in both source and target material (243Am, 237Np, 154Eu, 23Na, and 9Be). Neutron-gamma production ratios were applied to the intensity of the Doppler-broadened peaks from alpha-induced reactions with 7Li, 9Be, and 23Na to calculate neutron rates for both sources. A neutron/alpha production yield (derived in this work) was then related to the atomic concentration of these isotopes to find the approximate masses within each source. Ultimately, the AmLi source density was estimated with prompt gamma analysis based on partial source volumes as 0 . 45 ± 0 . 08 g∕cm 3 .
Effects of Chemical Mixtures on the Ovary

The ovaries play a critical role in female reproductive health because they are the site of oocyte maturation and sex steroid hormone production. The unique cellular processes that take place within the ovary make it a susceptible target for chemical mixtures. Herein, we review the available data regarding the effects of chemical mixtures on the ovary, focusing on development, folliculogenesis, and steroidogenesis. The chemical mixtures discussed include those to which women are exposed to environmentally, occupationally, and medically. Following a brief introduction to chemical mixture components, we describe the effects of chemical mixtures on ovarian development, folliculogenesis, and steroidogenesis. Further, we discuss the effects of chemical mixtures on corpora lutea and transgenerational outcomes. Identifying the effects of chemical mixtures on the ovaries is paramount to preventing and treating mixture-inducing toxicity of the ovary that has long-term consequences such as infertility and ovarian disease.
Clinical evaluation and management of children with suspected physical abuse

Evaluating and managing children with suspected physical abuse is challenging. Few single injuries are pathognomonic for abuse and, as a result, child abuse is easily missed. As such, a healthy bit of skepticism is needed to recognize and protect abused children. The medical history and clinical presentation should guide evaluation. Medical providers must consider the differential diagnosis, epidemiology of injuries, and child development to inform the assessment. In this review, we address evidence-based recommendations to inform child physical abuse evaluations. We also discuss the role of medical providers in communicating with families, mandated reporting and interpreting medical information for investigative agencies and other non-medical colleagues entrusted with protecting children.
Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score associated with survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors

Background The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) is a composite biomarker that uses albumin and C reactive protein (CRP). There are multiple immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based combinations approved for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). We investigated the ability of mGPS to predict outcomes in patients with mRCC receiving ICI. Methods We retrospectively reviewed patients with mRCC treated with ICI as monotherapy or in combination at Winship Cancer Institute between 2015 and 2020. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were measured from the start date of ICI until death or clinical/radiographical progression, respectively. The baseline mGPS was defined as a summary score based on pre-ICI values with one point given for CRP>10 mg/L and/or albumin Results 156 patients were included with a median follow-up 24.2 months. The median age was 64 years and 78% had clear cell histology. Baseline mGPS was 0 in 36%, 1 in 40% and 2 in 24% of patients. In UVA, a baseline mGPS of 2 was associated with shorter OS (HR 4.29, 95% CI 2.24 to 8.24, p Conclusion The mGPS is prognostic in this cohort of patients with mRCC treated with ICI as monotherapy or in combination. These results warrant external and prospective validation.
Cloud-Based Online Learning Platforms

Increasing organizational investment in technology for online learning platforms emphasizes how important it is for scholars and practice to understand and investigate technology and organizational developments. Online learning platforms are one component of education in university environments. Over the last decade an extensive offer of different online learning platforms and the fitting technology has been established. New technical capabilities are decisive to advance further development. Universities and companies face similar challenges in order to react flexibly to new requirements. The paper at hand strives to answer the question how the cloud computing concept can help technically and organizationally to achieve an efficient and sustainable utilization of resources for online learning platforms. In an organizational respect cloud solutions fit into the concept of an educational network and can stimulate the development of sustainable learning platforms-as-a-service.
Abstract 15633: Canonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Pacemaker Cell Specification of Cardiac Mesodermal Cells

Cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) gives rise to both chamber (atrial/ventricular) cardiomyocytes and pacemaker cells. Recent findings point to canonical Wnt signaling as a mediator of cardiac sinoatrial node development in chick embryos. We sought to test if early regulation of this pathway may influence cardiac progenitors to bifurcate to either chamber cardiomyocytes or pacemaker cells. The prevailing model of cardiac differentiation of ESCs relies on maintaining a saturating level of Dkk1, added exogenously to inhibit canonical Wnt signaling. We hypothesized that canonical Wnt signaling may lead the progenitor cells to commit to cardiac pacemaker cell fate while its suppression leads differentiation to chamber cardiomyocytes. To this end, Flk-1+/PdgfR-α+ mesodermal progenitor cells were derived from mouse ESCs by treatment with activin-A and BMP-4. Then, the progenitors were subjected to either cardiac differentiation medium (CDM) containing 150 ng/mL of recombinant Dkk1 or the sam...
Protection against microcystin-LR-induced hepatotoxicity by silymarin : biochemistry, histopathology, and lethality

Microcystin-LR, a cyclic heptapeptide synthesized by the blue-green algae, Microcystis aeruginosa, is a potent hepatotoxin. Pathological examination of livers from mice and rats that received microcystin-LR revealed severe, peracute, diffuse, centrilobular hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhage. These changes were correlated with increased serum activities of sorbitol dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase. Pretreatment of either rats or mice with a single dose of silymarin, a flavonolignane isolated from the wild artichoke (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn), completely abolished the lethal effects, pathological changes, and significantly decreased the levels of serum enzymes induced by microcystin-LR intoxication.
Bio-Optical Models and the Problems of Scaling

Historically, the construction of global maps of ocean productivity has been a difficult task (Berger, 1989). Representative, precise, and accurate measurements of carbon fixation rates have been hampered by the errors associated with methodological problems and sampling limitations (Jahnke, 1990). The frustration of biological oceanographers in dealing with this issue was best summarized by Eppley (1980) during the first ‘Primary Productivity in the Sea’ symposium over a decade ago: “These disparate results beg for reconciliation as they suggest an order of magnitude uncertainty in the rate of primary production in the central oceans. Is it of the order 50–150 mg C m−2 d−1 as the standard 14C data have suggested for twenty years or is it 1–2 g C m−2 d−1 as the diel oxygen and POC changes and the PIT collections imply?” While this issue has yet to be completely resolved, considerable progress has been made during the last decade towards the reconciliation of differences in primary productivity estimates based on the standard 14C-labeling technique (Steeman Nielsen, 1952) and those based on geochemical tracer distributions (Jenkins and Goldman, 1985; Williams and Robertson, 1991). It appears that systematic errors in the different methodologies used to determine rates of oxygen production and carbon fixation contribute to observations of high photosynthetic quotients (mol O2 evolved per CO2 fixed) for phytoplankton communities (Laws, 1991; Prezelin and Glover, 1991; Williams and Robertson, 1991). In addition, when care is taken to minimize trace metal contamination (Fitzwater et al., 1982), avoid the toxic effects of latex and neoprene rubber closure mechanisms of Niskin® bottles (Price et al., 1986; Williams and Robertson, 1989), and incubate seawater samples under the appropriate spectral distribution of light (Laws et al., 1990), then 14C-measured rates of primary productivity for the central Pacific Ocean are several fold higher than historical values (i.e., 428 ± 249 mg C m−2 d−1, n = 11, 24 hour simulated in situ incubations, Station ALOHA, October 1988 to November 1989, HOT program, 1990).
Coronary artery stents microfabricated from planar metal foil: design, fabrication, and mechanical testing

This paper presents a new approach to the design and manufacture of coronary artery stents, which permits the use of planar batch fabrication technologies. Stent samples with different wall patterns have been fabricated from 50-/spl mu/m thick stainless steel foil using micro-electro-discharge machining, and expanded to tubular shapes by using angioplasty balloons. The stents exhibit diameter variations of 10/spl times/ higher.
Working Capital-Defizite in der Unternehmenspraxis

Das Working Capital wird primar bestimmt durch Prozesse, die auf Vorrate, Forderungen und Verbindlichkeiten einwirken. Nachfolgend wird fur die relevanten Prozesse dargestellt, dass in der Praxis Schwachen in der Prozessverantwortung sowie dem Zielsystem der Prozessausgestaltung dazu fuhren, dass Working Capital-Management bislang nachrangig behandelt wird.
Dynamic beam-to-beam optical communication link

A duplex optical, free space communication system was developed to track and stabilize beam perturbations such as those resulting from atmospheric or platform disturbances. The system uses two-beam dynamic tracking and active alignment to maintain direct fiber-to-fiber beam coupling in a communication link. Encompassing the system are galvanometer optical scanners and CMOS imagers and it employs visible laser diodes as track channels
Global-detector: knowledge-based analysis and diagnosis of economical performance on dairy farms

The financial performance of a farm is nowadays more dependent on the farmer's technical knowledge and management skills. To support management, microcumputer programs can be used.