cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Uniqueness of the Shapley Value

L.S. Shapley [1953] showed that there is a unique value defined on the classD of all superadditive cooperative games in characteristic function form (over a finite player setN) which satisfies certain intuitively plausible axioms. Moreover, he raised the question whether an axiomatic foundation could be obtained for a value (not necessarily theShapley value) in the context of the subclassC (respectivelyC′, C″) of simple (respectively simple monotonic, simple superadditive) gamesalone. This paper shows that it is possible to do this. Theorem I gives a new simple proof ofShapley's theorem for the classG ofall games (not necessarily superadditive) overN. The proof contains a procedure for showing that the axioms also uniquely specify theShapley value when they are restricted to certain subclasses ofG, e.g.,C. In addition it provides insight intoShapley's theorem forD itself. Restricted toC′ orC″, Shapley's axioms donot specify a unique value. However it is shown in theorem II that, with a reasonable variant of one of his axioms, a unique value is obtained and, fortunately, it is just theShapley value again.
Encapsulated iron, cobalt and nickel nanocrystals; Effect of coating material (Mg, MgF2) on magnetic properties

Abstract Nanometer sized core/shell particles of[Mg]Fe, [MgF2]Fe, Co, and Ni, where Mg or MgF2 are the shell materials, have been prepared by a low temperature matrix method. Phase segregation was accomplished within each individual particle by controlled heating to yield the completely oxide free core/shell particles, which were sealed in glass or quartz tubes and studied by SQUID magnetometry. For [Mg]Fe samples with very small Fe crystallites, enhanced anisotropy energies were observed. For core/shell particles, saturation magnetization [Ms] values for Fe, Co, and Ni were found to be both size and temperature dependent. Indeed, M(T) behavior is richly dependent on size in the nanometer range, and on the type of surface interface. Quantitative assessment and discussion of Bloch exponent and Bloch constant variations as iron crystallite size change are discussed.
SIMULATION OF AN ACTUAL PRODUCTION SCHEDULING AND WORK FLOW CONTROL SYSTEM

SUMMARY This paper is a progress report on a study of an actual decision-making system. It scrutinizes the demands made on a manufacturing organization and the responses of the organization to these demands The study focuses on the ways the organization got a particular job done, namely the job of production scheduling and work-flow smoothing in the box-making plants of a manufacturer of shipping containers. The complete system can be factored into two parts. One sub-system places orders in sequence and prepares an advance production schedule. The second subsystem controls the flow of work through the actual manufacturing operations, making final adjustments in the sequence and speed of the work-flow.
Effects of Confinement and Surface Reconstruction on the Lattice Dynamics and Thermal Transport Properties of Thin Films

Phonon transport in argon and silicon thin films is examined using harmonic lattice dynamics theory and the Lennard-Jones and Stillinger-Weber potentials. Film thicknesses ranging from 0.8 to 33.5 nm for argon and 0.4 to 8.6 nm for silicon are examined at a temperature of 0 K. Both reconstructed films and films built using the bulk unit cell are considered. Phonon dispersion curves for the in-plane direction and the density of states are computed from lattice dynamics and compared to predictions for a bulk system. The results from the lattice dynamics calculations are used to predict the thermal conductivities of the bulk and thin film structures.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Power system state forecasting using fuzzy-Viterbi Algorithm

This paper proposes a a new method for 1-hour state forecasting in electrical power systems with high intermittent wind energy penetration. The proposed method has the potential to be utilized as an auxiliary function in Energy Management System (EMS). The method utilizes Markov Models (MM), the Viterbi Algorithm (VA) and fuzzy logic. The proposed auxiliary function creates a predictive database for the power system states using the historical states as well as wind and load forecasts. The predictive database can be utilized to provide pseudo measurements to a static linear state estimator in the case of loss of observability, loss of power system communication network or cyber-attacks. Simulations for the IEEE 14-bus system using available load and wind data from the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) websites show good correlation between the predictions and the actual data.
Spectral sensitivity of a novel photoreceptive system mediating entrainment of mammalian circadian rhythms.

Environmental light cycles are the dominant synchronizers of circadian rhythms in the field, and artificial light cycles and pulses are the major tools used in the laboratory to analyse properties of circadian systems1–4. It is therefore surprising that few studies have analysed the physical parameters of light stimuli that affect circadian rhythms. There have previously been no spectral sensitivity measurements for phase shifting the circadian rhythms of mammals and only two preliminary reports on the wavelength dependence of this response exist3,4. Using the magnitude of phase shift caused by a single 15-min pulse of monochromatic light given 6 h after activity onset, we have now characterized the spectral sensitivity of the photoreceptors responsible for phase shifting the locomotor rhythm of the hamster (Mesocricetus auratus). The sensitivity curve for this response has a maximum near 500 nm and is similar to the absorption spectrum for rhodopsin. Although the spectral sensitivity is consistent with a rhodopsin-based photopigment, two features of the photoreceptive system that mediates entrainment are unusual: the threshold of the response is high, especially for a predominantly rod retina like that of the hamster, and the reciprocal relationship between intensity and duration holds for extremely long durations (up to 45 min). These results suggest that the photoreceptive system mediating entrainment is markedly different from that involved in visual image formation.
Horizontal misalignment in patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy.

PURPOSE To determine the frequency and distribution of horizontal misalignment in patients with unilateral superior oblique palsy (SOP) and to determine the indications for combining horizontal with vertical strabismus surgery. METHODS Patients included in the study had a vertical heterophoria or tropia that fit Parks three-step test for SOP and had no previous strabismus surgery or other ocular motility disturbance. Ocular motility and alignment were recorded. Outcomes between patients who had vertical surgery alone and those who had combined vertical and horizontal surgery were compared using the Student's t test. RESULTS Of 205 patients, 121 (59.0%) had a horizontal misalignment in addition to vertical strabismus. Ninety-six patients (46.8%) required strabismus surgery. Of these, 29 had 8 prism diopters (PD) or more horizontal deviation. Twenty-two had vertical combined with horizontal surgery (V+H group). Although their initial deviation was greater, these patients had better surgical outcomes than patients who had vertical surgery alone (V group). The V+H group had a final mean horizontal deviation of 2.18 PD compared with 6.85 PD in the V group (P < .01). Postoperative vertical alignment in the V+H group was also superior with a final mean vertical deviation of 3.7 versus 6.8 PD for the V group (P = .12). CONCLUSION These results indicate that horizontal misalignment is common in patients with SOP. Patients with 8 PD or more horizontal deviation benefited from surgical correction of the horizontal deviation in addition to the vertical surgery.
Digital Donne: workflow, editing tools, and the reader.s interface of a collection of 17th-century english poetry

We describe a multidisciplinary effort in the creation of an electronic repository of poems of John Donne - the renowned 17th-century English poet. We discuss the workflow we have adopted and the Web-based tools we have developed for maintaining a collection of transcriptions and images, a concordance of poems, a list of press variants, and a browsing interface that enables readers to access these materials. A complement to the multi-volume Variorum Edition of the Poetry of John Donne, this endeavor shows how a traditional scholarly edition can be enhanced by resources made available by computers and the Internet.
"Timely" methods: Examining turnover rates in the U.S. military

Despite a long history of research on organizational turnover, questions still linger about relative contributions of different factors to the probability and timing of turnover. Complicating matte...
ACQUISITION AND EXTINCTION OF SHUTTLEBOX AVOIDANCE IN CHINCHILLA (CHINCHILLA LANIGERA)

2 groups of chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) were trained to avoid shock (1.6 mA or 3.0 mA) in a two-way shuttlebox. The less intense US produced substantially superior avoidance acquisition. The higher US intensity generated an unexpected increase in the level of intertrial responding during extinction training. This effect was interpreted in terms of the extinction of “freezing” responses which appeared to account for the inferior avoidance acquisition of the higher US group. Unlike other representatives of the order rodentia which have been subjected to shuttlebox avoidance training, the chinchilla displays a performance which is at least comparable to the optimum performance of the rat.
Increased graft-versus-host response of parental-strain (donor) lymphoid cells in cyclophosphamide-treated f1 recipients.

Abstract Cyclophosphamide (CY) treatment of F 1 hybrid mice increases their susceptibility to attack by parental-strain lymphoid cells. The donor cells may contribute to this increased susceptibility either by a more vigorous response to the host antigens, or by an increase in their colonization of the host's tissues. We have assessed the responsiveness of the donor cells in the CY-treated host through the use of a local graft-versus-host (GVH) assay. This assay is not influenced by changes in the capacity of donor cells to colonize host tissues, and thus colonization has been eliminated as a variable. In this assay donor lymph node tissue is grafted onto the cut surface of host kidney, and a local GVH reaction is indicated by enlargement of the donor tissue. We show that treatment of F 1 hosts with CY (100 mg/kg) 24 hr prior to grafting leads to increased responsiveness of the donor cells as measured by enlargement of the donor tissue.
Microevolution of intermediary metabolism: evolutionary genetics meets metabolic biochemistry

During the past decade, microevolution of intermediary metabolism has become an important new research focus at the interface between metabolic biochemistry and evolutionary genetics. Increasing recognition of the importance of integrative studies in evolutionary analysis, the rising interest in 'evolutionary systems biology', and the development of various 'omics' technologies have all contributed significantly to this developing interface. The present review primarily focuses on five prominent areas of recent research on pathway microevolution: lipid metabolism and life-history evolution; the electron transport system, hybrid breakdown and speciation; glycolysis, alcohol metabolism and population adaptation in Drosophila; chemostat selection in microorganisms; and anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis and flower color evolution. Some of these studies have provided a new perspective on important evolutionary topics that have not been investigated extensively from a biochemical perspective (hybrid breakdown, parallel evolution). Other studies have provided new data that augment previous biochemical information, resulting in a deeper understanding of evolutionary mechanisms (allozymes and biochemical adaptation to climate, life-history evolution, flower pigments and the genetics of adaptation). Finally, other studies have provided new insights into how the function or position of an enzyme in a pathway influences its evolutionary dynamics, in addition to providing powerful experimental models for investigations of network evolution. Microevolutionary studies of metabolic pathways will undoubtedly become increasingly important in the future because of the central importance of intermediary metabolism in organismal fitness, the wealth of biochemical data being provided by various omics technologies, and the increasing influence of integrative and systems perspectives in biology.
Studies on peptides obtained from enzymic digests of collagen with evidence for the presence of an unidentified compound in this protein

Abstract Collagen was partially hydrolyzed by the exoenzymes of Clostridium histolyticum and by crude trypsin following heat denaturation. The hydrolyzates contained a very large number of peptides. Thirty peptides, most of which contained proline and/or hydroxyproline, were found in the acidic, neutral, and weakly basic fractions. These fractions represented 82% of the proline, 89% of the hydroxyproline, and only 15% of the arginine in collagen. With the exception of two tripeptides previously reported (1), none of the peptides accounted for over 1% by weight of collagen, indicating that these peptide residues apparently do not repeat often in the collagen molecule. The sequence of five of the peptides is given. One of the peptides contained a residue which corresponded to no known amino acid in collagen. This unidentified compound has been isolated from complete acid hydrolyzates of collagen. The results of preliminary studies on it are given.
Carotid thrombosis due to intraoral trauma. An unusual complication of a common childhood accident.

CEREBRAL arterial occlusion is being diagnosed with increasing frequency in children. Fifty-five cases of nontraumatic occlusions proved by angiography or autopsy or both in patients eighteen years of age or younger have been recorded in recent articles,1 2 3 4 exclusive of the cases associated with systemic diseases. The internal carotid artery was involved in 32. It is of note that nearly 90 per cent of these cases have been reported in the past ten years, apparently reflecting the increasing use of cerebral angiography as a diagnostic aid in this age group. Another condition that is being recognized more often, probably for the . . .
Occupational incidence rates of mental health disorders.

Abstract This study attempted to provide occupational health professionals with an empirical basis for identifying and selecting specific occupations for further research into the relationship between job stress and worker health. Specifically, this involved an examination of the admission records of community mental health centers throughout one state (Tennessee) to determine the incidence rate of diagnosed mental health disorders for 130 major occupations (i.e., occupations employing 1.000 or more workers in the state). These occupations were then rank-ordered by incidence rate to provide a general scheme for evaluating the relative frequency of mental health disorders among the select occupations. The results indicated a disproportionate incidence of mental health anomalies among the hospital/health care professions. Some tentative explanations of this finding are presented, and suggestions are made for future research efforts
Targeted Delivery of Drugs and DNA with Liposomes

AbstractThis presentation is divided into three parts: long-circulating liposomes, immunoliposomes and gene transfer with liposomes. The mechanism of action for the poly(ethylene glycol)-phospholipid conjugates to prolong the circulation time of liposomes can be understood on the basis of steric barrier activity imposed by the flexible PEG chains on the liposome surface. The action of ganglioside GM1, on the other hand, probably involves specific interactions with serum protein(s). Immunoliposomes can efficiently bind with the target only if the target is readily accessible and the liposomes stay in the circulation for a relatively long period of time. Coating the liposome surface with PEG chains or GM1 enhances the target binding of immunoliposomes, except when PEG of greater than 5000 dalton is used. In this case, immunoliposome binding to the target is sterically hindered by the long PEG chains. To overcome the problem, antibody molecule is conjugated to the distal end of the PEG chain. This approach w...
Physical and psychosocial adaptation of blacks on hemodialysis.

Roy’s Adaptation Model was used to study problems and coping strategies reported by 102 blacks on hemodialysis. Although the most frequently identified problems were fatigue, muscle soreness, and physical limitations, food and fluid restrictions were most bothersome. Participants used multiple strategies to cope with the illness and its treatment. Putting trust in God was the most frequently identified strategy. These findings can be used to enhance the physical and psychosocial assessment of these patients and facilitate the ability of clinicians to intervene effectively in helping clients cope with the problems that are associated with the illness and its treatment.
Body distribution of infused serotonin in rats.

SUMMARY 1 Our goal was to investigate the body distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in rats infused with 5-HT (25 µg/kg per min) for 7 days and the contribution of the 5-HT transporter (SERT) for 5-HT uptake into the tissues. 2 Mini-osmotic pumps containing 5-HT or vehicle were implanted in rats knocked out for SERT (SERT-KO) or in wild-type (WT) rats. On the 8th day, tissues were harvested for measurements of 5-HT by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The 5-HT metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) was also measured by HPLC, because an increase in 5-HIAA in tissues from rats receiving 5-HT reflects 5-HT uptake followed by metabolism. 3 In WT rats infused with 5-HT, an increase in 5-HT or 5-HIAA was observed in the heart, pancreas, thyroid, adrenal gland, kidney, seminal vesicle, bladder, prostate, liver, oesophagus, stomach, femur, trachea, lung and spleen compared with vehicle-infused rats. An increase in 5-HT and 5-HIAA was not observed in aorta, vena cava and jejunum. In tissues from SERT-KO rats infused with 5-HT, the content of 5-HT or 5-HIAA was decreased in most of the tissues studied compared with 5-HT-infused WT rats. Although 5-HT uptake in the kidney, seminal vesicle, prostate, jejunum and trachea is SERT dependent, it is SERT independent in the pancreas. The remaining tissues display SERT-dependent and -independent mechanisms for 5-HT uptake. 4 Altogether, tissues from different systems, such as the cardiovascular, endocrine, genitourinary and gastrointestinal, accumulate 5-HT mainly via SERT and, thus, these systems are potential targets for drugs that interfere with 5-HT homeostasis.
Fractionation and Study of Compounds in Wood Smoke

SUMMARY Hard-maple sawdust was sifted on a con-trolled-temperature hotplate for smoke production. The acids, total phenols, and carbonyl compounds were determined on the steam-volatile and non-steam-volatile portions of both whole smoke and the vapor phase. Most of the compounds in these groups were found to be steam-volatile. Several steam-volatile monocarboxylic acids and monocarbonyl compounds were isolated and identified from smoke. The C1–C10 acids were found to be present in whole smoke, with the C1–C10 acids occurring in the greatest concentrations. Only C1–C10acids were found in the vapor phase of the smoke. The following monocarbonyls were identified in the steam-volatile portion of whole smoke: 2-pentanone, valeraldehyde, 2-butanone, butanal, acetone, propanal, crotonaldehyde, and ethanal. In addition, tentative identification of isovalderaldehyde and methanal was made on the basis of a comparison of chromatographic behavior and absorption spectra of the known and unknown compounds.
Ethical and legal issues for writing researchers in an age of media convergence

Abstract With the convergence of digital media into ever-widening social and technological networks for creation and distribution, the contexts for writing and the study of writing and writers have certainly changed. Researchers must navigate a dense matrix of ethical and legal issues in all phases of research when studying the ever-changing processes and products of digital communications. In this article, I draw from numerous sources to articulate a few of the challenges facing digital writing researchers in this age of convergence, focusing on issues of representation (researcher, participant, third-party), issues of informed consent, and issues of copyright and fair use.
Distribution-Free Tests for Ordered Alternatives in a Randomized Block Design

Abstract In this article we consider a class of test statistics that are useful for testing against ordered alternatives in balanced or unbalanced block designs. The approach consists of forming a statistic on each block and then combining the block statistics as a weighted sum to obtain one overall test statistic. Large-sample properties such as asymptotic normality and asymptotic relative efficiency as the number of blocks tends to infinity are considered. Throughout the article special attention is given to a Jonckheere-type statistic. Some consideration is given to the selection of the optimal weighting constants for the Jonckheere statistic.
Earthquake slip vectors and estimates of present‐day plate motions

Two alternative models for present-day global plate motions are derived from subsets of the NUVEL-1 data in order to investigate the degree to which earthquake slip vectors affect the NUVEL-1 model and to provide estimates of present-day plate velocities that are independent of earthquake slip vectors. The data set used to derive the first model excludes subduction zone slip vectors. The primary purpose of this model is to demonstrate that the 240 subduction zone slip vectors in the NUVEL-1 data set do not greatly affect the plate velocities predicted by NUVEL-1. A data set that excludes all of the 724 earthquake slip vectors used to derive NUVEL-1 is used to derive the second model. This model is suitable as a reference model for kinematic studies that require plate velocity estimates unaffected by earthquake slip vectors. The slip-dependent slip vector bias along transform faults is investigated using the second model, and evidence is sought for biases in slip directions along spreading centers.
High-purity GaN epitaxial layers for power devices on low-dislocation-density GaN substrates

GaN epitaxial layers at low-doping concentrations around 1 x 10 16 cm -3 for power devices have been grown on low-dislocation-density GaN substrates. The epitaxial layers have shown much less-compensated behavior in net doping concentration, which arises from their much high-purity nature than those on sapphire substrates. Schottky barrier diode fabricated on the layer have shown extremely low leakage current and high breakdown voltage of 580 V, and low specific on-resistance of 1.3 mΩ cm 2 , as expected from its high-quality epitaxial layer.
Elastic properties of hydrous ringwoodite (γ-phase) in Mg2SiO4

Abstract Single-crystal elastic properties of hydrous ringwoodite are reported for samples that were synthesized at 19 GPa and 1300°C. The Mg/Si ratio is determined to be ∼1.95 by EPMA, which is slightly lower than that of ideal anhydrous ringwoodite. The H 2 O content determined by SIMS is ∼2.2 wt%, resulting in the stoichiometry Mg 1.89 Si 0.97 O 4 H 0.33 . The lattice parameter ( a =8.0786±4 A) and elastic constants were determined from a single crystal with X-ray diffractometry and Brillouin scattering spectroscopy. The crystal structure is cubic Fd3m, with a unit cell volume which is 0.51% larger than that of the anhydrous ringwoodite. The adiabatic single-crystal elastic moduli of hydrous ringwoodite, in GPa, are: C 11 =281±6, C 44 =117±4, C 12 =92±5. The isotropic properties of hydrous ringwoodite are K VRH =155±4 and G VRH =107±3 which are about 16 and 10% smaller than those of anhydrous ringwoodite. Thus hydrous ringwoodite, if present, drastically reduces the seismic velocity in the mantle transition zone relative to anhydrous ringwoodite. In addition, our results show that the anisotropy is enhanced relative to anhydrous ringwoodite. Using the present results, we discuss the 520 km seismic discontinuity in a wet mantle transition zone.
Cryopreservation procedures for Day 7–8 equine embryos

Larger grade 1 or 2 (1 = excellent,.... 4 = degenerate) equine embryos that ranged in diameter from 300 to 680 microm and were recovered from mares on Day 7 or 8 after ovulation, were randomly assigned to 3 widely divergent cryopreservation treatments. Treatment 1 consisted of cooling from -6 degrees C to -35 degrees C at 0.5 degrees C per min followed by plunging into liquid nitrogen, with a one-step addition and a 4-step removal of 1.0 M glycerol. Treatment 2 (step-down equilibration) consisted of a 2-step addition of glycerol to 4.0 M followed by a decrease to 2.0 M prior to freezing, with galactose present in the final step and in all glycerol removal steps and with a cooling protocol identical to Treatment 1. Treatment 3 was a standard vitrification protocol with step-wise addition of ethylene glycol up to 11.9 M, and step-wise removal of cryoprotectant with decreasing concentrations of galactose in the dilution medium. The cryoprotectants were removed at 20-21 degrees C. After the final dilution, the embryos were cultured in 5% CO2-in-air for 36 h at 38.5 degrees C on equine oviductal epithelial cell monolayers. Their morphology was then evaluated, their capsules were removed mechanically, and they were fixed prior to staining with 1% w:v orcein in 45% acetic acid to assess the morphology of their nuclei and cytoplasm. All 7 embryos in Treatment 1 degenerated during thawing or culture. Of the 6 embryos included in Treatment 2, 4 were graded 1, one was graded 2 and one graded 3 after culture in vitro. Of the 7 embryos in Treatment 3, one was graded 2, one was graded 3 and the remaining 5 were degenerate (P<0.01 among treatments). The average changes in initial diameter exhibited by the frozen/thawed embryos during culture after thawing were: Treatment 1, -91 microm; Treatment 2, +179 microm; Treatment 3, +20 microm (P<0.05). Two 26-day pregnancies were established following transfer of 6 Treatment 2 embryos (step-down equilibration method) to recipient mares.
The Drosophila melanogaster Toll Pathway Participates in Resistance to Infection by the Gram-Negative Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative pathogen that infects immunocompromised and cystic fibrosis patients. The molecular basis of the host-P. aeruginosa interaction and the effect of specific P. aeruginosa virulence factors on various components of the innate immunity pathways are largely unknown. We examine interactions between P. aeruginosa virulence factors and components of innate immunity response in the Drosophila melanogaster model system to reveal the importance of the Toll signaling pathway in resistance to infection by the P. aeruginosa human isolate PA14. Using the two PA14-isogenic mutants plcS and dsbA, we show that Drosophila loss-of-function mutants of Spatzle, the extracellular ligand of Toll, and Dorsal and Dif, two NF-κB-like transcription factors, allow increased P. aeruginosa infectivity within fly tissues. In contrast, a constitutively active Toll mutant and a loss-of-function mutant of Cactus, an IκB-like factor that inhibits the Toll signaling, reduce infectivity. Our finding that Dorsal activity is required to restrict P. aeruginosa infectivity in Drosophila provides direct in vivo evidence for Dorsal function in adult fly immunity. Additionally, our results provide the basis for future studies into interactions between P. aeruginosa virulence factors and components of the Toll signaling pathway, which is functionally conserved between flies and humans.
Silica glass fiber photorefractometer.

We report a fiber-optic refractive-index sensor that is applicable to a long-distance measurement. The sensor consists of a silica glass fiber bent into a U shape with a bending radius of typically several hundred micrometers. The cladding at the tip of the sensor is stripped off. The sensing mechanism is based on the variation of the output intensity that is induced by radiation loss at the bend, which enables us to measure the refractive index of the outer medium. A fabrication method of fusing the sensor with a CO2 laser and etching with HF is described. Multipoint measurements of optical-time-domain reflectometry are also described.
In vivo incorporation of [14c]leucine into brain protein of mice treated with methylmercury and thiol complexes of methylmercury

Abstract The effect of methylmercury and thiol complexes of methylmercury on inhibition of protein synthesis was evaluated. Mice were injected (i.p.) with the following treatments: methylmercuric chloride, methylmercury-glutathione, methylmercury-cysteinylglycine and control (vehicle) for 10 days. Ten animals from each group were injected with [ 14 C]leucine 90 min prior to death. The brains were removed and the extracted protein was subjected to liquid scintillation analysis. Mice receiving the methylmercury and methylmercury-glutathione treatments exhibited significantly greater weight loss than the control while the methylmercury-cysteinylglycine treatment was not significantly different than the control. Incorporation of [ 14 C]leucine into brain protein was significantly depressed in the methylmercury (81% of control) and the methylmercury-glutathione (79% of control) treatments. Protein synthesis in mice receiving the methylmercury-eysteinylglycine complex although not significantly different than the methylmercury treatments was only 92% of the control mice.
Net Selectivity Revised

The lack-of-diversification premium in Fama’s net selectivity model is recast to measure risk from a downside perspective. The switch left evaluations of 143 of 155 growth-only mutual funds unchanged but elevated the remaining 12 from below-average to above-average status. The same 155 funds were also ranked by the revised Fama model for the 1980–89 period. Fidelity Magellan finished #1, but some underfollowed funds populated the “Top 10.”
Heterodoxy and Its Discontents

Through an examination of the controversies sparked by best-selling author Immanuel Velikovsky (Worlds in Collision), Gordin considers the shifting location of the boundaries of legitimate science.
Conditional Antifolate Resistance in Bacillus subtilis thyA

Abstract Resistance to antifolates in Bacillus subtilis strains results from the presence of an antifolate resistance mutation (afo). Strains which are thyA+afo are unconditionally resistant to antifolates. The conditional resistance of thyA afo strains is hypothesized to be due to the thyB+ gene product (thymidylate synthetase B) having a high Km for the folate substrate, thus leading to thymineless death in the presence of antifolates. An alternative model for conditional antifolate resistance was shown to be incorrect by analysis of folate metabolism in methotrexate-treated cells. Genetic analysis and studies of the response of afo+ cells to methotrexate suggested that most, if not all, B. subtilis thymine-requiring mutants are afo. Analysis of dihydrofolate reductase from afo cells did not reveal an obvious mechanism for antifolate resistance in those cells.
A comparison of educators' and providers' rankings of the important competencies for day care professionals

The most important competencies for directors and teachers were identified from educators' and providers' rankings. Personal qualities and staff relations were important for directors, while promoting children's emotional development and the teacher's personal qualities were important for teachers. Educators and providers agreed more about the competencies important for teachers than for directors.
Postinjury estrogen treatment of chronic spinal cord injury improves locomotor function in rats.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) causes loss of neurological function and, depending on serverity, may cause paralysis. The only recommended pharmacotherapy for the treatment of SCI is high-dose methylprednisolone and its use is controversial. We have previously shown that estrogen treatment attenuated cell death, axonal and myelin damage, calpain and caspase activities, and inflammation in acute SCI. The aim of this study was to examine whether post-treatment of SCI with estrogen would improve locomotor function by protecting cells and axons and reducing inflammation during chronic phase following injury. Moderately severe injury (40 g.cm force) was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats following laminectomy at T10. Three groups of animals were used: sham (laminectomy only), vehicle (dimethyl sulfoxide or DMSO) treated injury group, and estrogen treated injury group. Animals were treated with 4 mg/kg estrogen at 15 min and 24 h post-injury followed by 2 mg/kg estrogen daily for the next 5 days. Following treatment, animals were sacrificed at the end of 6 weeks following injury, and 1-cm segments of spinal cord (lesion, rostral to lesion, and caudal to lesion) were removed for biochemical analyses. Estrogen treatment reduced COX-2 activity, blocked NF-κB translocation, prevented glial reactivity, attenuated neuron death, inhibited activation and activity of calpain and caspase-3, decreased axonal damage, reduced myelin loss in the lesion and penumbra, and improved locomotor function when compared with vehicle treated animals. These findings suggest that estrogen may be useful as a promising therapeutic agent for prevention of damage and improvement of locomotor function in chronic SCI.
Perioperative Care of a Pediatric Patient With PHACES Syndrome

PHACE syndrome is a neurocutaneous syndrome that was originally described by Dr. Ilonia Frieden in 1996. The term PHACE is an acronym for the main components of the syndrome including: P osterior fossa malformations of the central nervous system (CNS); H emangioma typically involving the skin of the head or neck; A rterial lesions usually involving the cerebral vasculature; C ardiac abnormalities, most commonly aortic coarctation; and Eye abnormalities. When accompanied by ventral developmental defects, it is termed PHACES syndrome, with the “S” representing sternal cleft or supraumbilical raphe. Patients may present for a variety of surgical procedures including the airway, CNS or the heart. Airway compromise secondary to hemangiomas and the potential for alterations in cerebral blood flow due to abnormalities of the cerebral arterial vasculature present major challenges for the anesthetic management of these patients. The perioperative implications of PHACES syndrome are discussed and previous reports of anesthetic care are reviewed. J Med Cases • 2013;4(12):811-815 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1374w
THE FLUOROMETRIC DETERMINATION OF 5-METHOXYTRYPTAMINE IN MAMMALIAN TISSUES AND FLUIDS

— Using a sensitive and specific fluorometric procedure involving selective extraction, reaction of the extracts with o-phthalaldehyde (OP), separation of the OP derivatives by TLC, and determination of fluorescent characteristics and intensities, we have detected and measured 5-methoxytryptamine, (5-MT) in various central and peripheral tissues and fluids of the rat, dog, baboon, and man. Distribution of 5-MT in peripheral tissues of the rat seemed to parallel that of 5-HT, with highest levels being found in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and Harderian gland, regions that are rich in 5-HT and have been reported to contain systems capable of methylating 5-HT. 5-MT was detected in the lung, plasma, kidney, spleen, and heart of the rat. 5-MT was present in the CNS of all species examined. No marked interspecies differences were observed. In the rat CNS, the regional distribution of 5-MT did not parallel that of 5-HT indicating that the systems for the synthesis, uptake, or transport of 5-MT might be different than for 5-HT. Pretreatment of rats with iproniazid resulted in a 50% increase in whole brain 5-MT. Reserpine pretreatment had no effect, indicating that the storage or release mechanisms for 5-MT are different than for the conventional amine transmitters. 5-MT was detected in human CSF and urine but not in plasma. These data indicate that 5-MT, a compound with potent pharmacological properties, is more widely distributed in the mammalian body than had previously been supposed.
Clinico-radiologic characteristics of long-term survivors of diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) is the deadliest central nervous system tumor in children. The survival of affected children has remained poor despite treatment with radiation therapy (RT) with or without chemotherapy. We reviewed the medical records of all surviving patients with DIPG treated at our institution between October 1, 1992 and May 31, 2011. Blinded central radiologic review of the magnetic resonance imaging at diagnosis of all surviving patients and 15 controls with DIPG was performed. All surviving patients underwent neurocognitive assessment during follow-up. Five (2.6 %) of 191 patients treated during the study period were surviving at a median of 9.3 years from their diagnosis (range 5.3–13.2 years). Two patients were younger than 3 years, one lacked signs of pontine cranial nerve involvement, and three had longer duration of symptoms at diagnosis. One patient had a radiologically atypical tumor and one had a tumor originating in the medulla. All five patients received RT. Chemotherapy was variable among these patients. Neurocognitive assessments were obtained after a median interval of 7.1 years. Three of four patients who underwent a detailed evaluation showed cognitive function in the borderline or mental retardation range. Two patients experienced disease progression at 8.8 and 13 years after diagnosis. A minority of children with DIPG experienced long-term survival with currently available therapies. These patients remained at high risk for tumor progression even after long follow-ups. Four of our long-term survivors had clinical and radiologic characteristics at diagnosis associated with improved outcome.
Polymethylmethacrylate/polyethyleneglycol-based partially water soluble binder system for micro ceramic injection moulding

In micro powder injection moulding polyethylene-wax binder systems have been widely established for many years enabling the fabrication of dense ceramic or metal micro structured parts. With respect to complete organic moiety removal a solvent debinding step prior to thermal decomposition using hexane as organic solvent has to be applied dissolving the wax prior to thermal decomposition of the polyethylene. The development of environmentally friendly binder systems must consider the substitution of any organic solvent or even the solvent pre-debinding. In this work a modified process chain, starting with a reactive feedstock mixture consisting of a thermally curable methylmethacrylate/polymethylmethacrylate resin, low molecular mass polyethyleneglycol and submicron-sized zirconia as ceramic filler, followed by feedstock polymerization at elevated temperature, pelletizing, injection moulding, debinding and sintering, will be presented. Prior to replication important feedstock properties like temperature and solid load dependent melt viscosity as well as the real solid load was measured guaranteeing a successful mould filling. Two different debinding strategies—with and without water-assisted predebinding—were pursued and the resulting sinter part densities as well as surface qualities were compared. Zirconia test specimen parts with a density around 99 % of the theoretical density could be obtained successfully.
The hairless mouse as a model for evaluating promoters of hair growth.

Abstract The hairless mouse may seem an unlikely model for assessing the influence of drugs on hair growth. Although the animal's first pelage is normal, a defect in the first catagen results in separation of the papilla from the shortening follicle. 1,2 These never reconnect, and the animal remains hairless thereafter. The scanty second pelage that occasionally occurs in some animals derives from a few surviving follicles. This research was undertaken to determine whether minoxidil might interfere with the follicular catastrophe at the end of the first pelage. The evidence of a second pelage would provide a quick and convenient end point. This article describes a preliminary study with minoxidil applied topically to Skh-hairless-1 neonate and weanling mice.
Multi-Frame Point-Projection X-Ray Imaging of Tungsten Wire-Array Z-Pinches

Summary form only given. X-pinch radiography has been used routinely at Cornell for more than 10 years to produce high quality X-ray images with excellent spatial and temporal resolution. This imaging technique is presently being used on the COBRA accelerator at Cornell University to study the ablation stage of wire-array Z-pinches. Two of four return-current posts in the wire-array load region are replaced by Mo X-pinches. They are approximately 43 mm from the axis of the Z-pinch. The experimental arrangement used here is very similar to the set-up that has been used at the Angara-5-1 facility near Moscow and also on MAGPIE at Imperial College in London. Typically, two X-pinches are used to image one wire in an eight-wire Z-pinch from different angles. Photographic films are typically placed 35-40 cm from the Z-pinch axis yielding a magnification of about 9:1. Titanium filters are used to shield films from visible light and transmit radiation in the spectral range 3-5 keV. Strong collimation is used to prevent radiation from the wire array Z-pinch from exposing the films. The resulting X-ray images have sub-nanosecond temporal resolution because of the extremely short X pinch X-ray pulse duration and about 4mum spatial resolution. Images obtained by this system have been used to accurately measure wire-core expansion rates and to examine the fine details of wire-core structure. Tungsten step wedges (step attenuators), which have steps ranging from 0.015-1.10 mum thick, placed on the Ti filters enable us to make density measurements of the ablation plasmas near the dense wire-cores. These density measurements are the main focus of this presentation. Future work and a general overview of the facility will also be presented.
Current status of the hybrid approach for the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome

The hybrid approach for hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), consisting of bilateral pulmonary artery banding and ductal stenting, has emerged as an alternative to the traditional Norwood approach. This approach defers open heart surgery to beyond the neonatal period, which is believed to reduce postoperative mortality and morbidity and improve neurological development as compared with the conventional approach. However, there have been no scientific studies supporting these hypotheses. Recently, there seems to be a tendency that many centers recommend the hybrid approach as an interim procedure to rescue preoperative high-risk patients. Currently, the decision to adopt the hybrid approach or the Norwood approach seemed to be based on the preference of congenital heart surgeons and cardiologists. Further investigation including a randomized multi-center study would allow a scientific decision as to which approach is more appropriate for the patient with HLHS.
Medical Management of Feline Urethral Obstruction

A step-by-step priority of procedures is recommended when attempting to restore urethral patency in an obstructed male cat. In order of priority they are: (1) massage of the distal urethra, (2) attempts to induce voiding by gentle palpation of the urinary bladder, (3) cystocentesis, (4) retrograde rethral flushing, (5) combinations of 1 through 4, (6) diagnostic radiology to determine if the cause of urethral obstruction is intraluminal, mural or extramural, and if absolutely necessary, (7) surgical procedures.
Processing and mechanical performance of liquid crystalline polymer/nanofiber monofilaments

Monofilaments of Vectra A950, a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, with 0–10 wt.% of vapor-grown carbon nanofibers were extrusion-mixed and characterized by tensile testing, nanoindentation and fractography. A maximum increase in modulus (35%) and strength (18%) was observed at the 1–2% nanofiber level, and increases were observed with decreasing diameter for all nanofiber concentrations. Incomplete dispersion of nanofiber clumps and microvoiding are thought to be responsible for the observed decrease in property values at the higher nanofiber levels.
Parametric pulse breakup due to population pulsations in three-level systems

This paper presents the results of a numerical calculation of laser pulse propagation in a vapor of three-level atoms. The calculation is semi-classical in that the macroscopic electric fields are determined classically using Maxwell's equations, while the microscopic polarization is determined quantum mechanically using Schrodinger's equation. The pump laser field is tuned nearly resonant with the first atomic transition of the three-level folded-ladder system. It has previously been shown that in a three-level vapor in which the dipole coupling of the second transition is sufficiently smaller than the dipole coupling of the first transition, the dynamics of the laser-matter interaction are dominated by self-action effects of the pump pulse. This calculation shows dramatically different propagation effects when the second transition dipole moment is greater than the first transition. The larger dipole moment allows the final state to compete with the ground state for population that is pumped into the intermediate state by the pump pulse. This enhances the Stokes gain and increases the Raman efficiency while hindering the processes that produce self-induced transparency and other self-action effects. The periodic fluctuations of the intermediate state population leads to the parametric breakup of the electric fields.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Comparative effects of calcium-channel blocking agents on left ventricular function during acute ischemia in dogs with and without congestive heart failure

Abstract To examine the relative potencies of verapamil, nifedipine and diltiazem on left ventricular (LV) function under ischemic conditions, 20 conscious closed-chest dogs that had partial occlusion of their circumflex coronary arteries were studied. Myocardial blood flow was measured by microspheres, LV function by radionuclide angiography. Drug effects were compared at doses causing equal decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP) and in coronary vascular resistance of the nonischemic zone. Global ejection fraction (EF) and EF of the ischemic region were significantly decreased by verapamil (p
On the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear semigroups and the range of accretive operators II

Abstract : It is known that certain problems in partial differential equations may be interpreted as initial value problems for ordinary differential equations in Banach spaces. When such an evolution equation is governed by an accretive operator, then its solutions give rise to a nonlinear contraction semigroup. In this paper we study certain aspects of the asymptotic behavior of nonlinear semigroups and or resolvents of accretive operators. We also derive new results on their behavior at the origin. It turns out that the behavior of a nonlinear semigroup resembles that of the resolvent of its generator both at infinity and at the origin. (Author)