cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of Ground-Dwelling Arthropods to Different Thinning Intensities in Young Douglas Fir Forests of Western Oregon

Abstract We evaluated the effect of four different forest management techniques, unthinned control and three thinning intensities (light, light with gaps, and heavy thin), on arthropod abundance, diversity, and community structure as an indicator of ecological processes affecting other forest fauna. Ground-dwelling arthropods were collected during 2000–2001, with pitfall traps in June (warm-wet season) and August (hot-dry season) 5 yr after a thinning treatment in 40- to 60-yr-old Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] trees in the Willamette National Forest. We found arthropod abundance and diversity was higher in heavy and light/gap thinning treatments than the other treatments. Additionally, four groups (ants, spiders, camel-crickets, and millipedes) preferred the more intense thinning treatment areas. The abundance of carabids, the third most abundant group, was higher at the unthinned control than any thinning treatment during the wet season, but not during the dry season. Although the im...
Breaking through the Chrysalis: Hanh Thi Pham

(1994). Breaking through the Chrysalis: Hanh Thi Pham. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 129-136.
Serious mental illness, aging, and utilization patterns among veterans.

ABSTRACT As veterans age, chronic physical and psychiatric conditions increasingly challenge the Veterans Health Administration. We examine influences of age and diagnosis on health care utilization, within the context of the 1995 deinstitutionalization policy of the Veterans Health Administration. Veterans were hospitalized repeatedly over 5 years with diagnoses of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression, or alcohol dependence (N = 7,719). Inpatient days decreased 14% from baseline while outpatient (OP) visits increased 63%, consistent with deinstitutionalization. In adjusted models, OP utilization greatly increased with age, but psychiatric visits—notably alcohol treatment—dropped sharply. Emergency visits rose after 1997, particularly for ethnic minorities. Individuals ages 35–49 and 50–64 years were the greatest consumers of OP care; these large, aging cohorts will continue to require additional services, taxing a burdened system. Utilization patterns evolve across the life course, requiring fores...
Chronic Neuroleptic Administration Reduces Striatal Substance P mRNA and the Localization of Substance P mRNA in Rat Brain by In Situ Hybridization

Chronic treatment of rats with the neuroleptic drug haloperidol, a dopamine receptor antagonist, decreases the concentration of substance P (SP) in the substantia nigra (SN). This drug-induced reduction in peptide concentration was found to be concomitant with the reduction of the mRNA in the striatum which encodes SP. The mRNA encoding substance K (SK), a related tachykinin peptide, was similarly reduced by haloperidol, whereas striatal enkephalin-mRNA was elevated. The results demonstrate that pharmacological blockade of dopamine receptors can differentially affect neuropeptide gene expression.
Structural, Spectroscopic, and Computational Studies of [2,2′-bithiophene]-5-carboxylic Acid

Abstract The crystal structure of [2,2′-bithiophene]-5-carboxylic acid was obtained from in-situ decarboxylation of [2,2′-bithiophene]-5,5′-dicarboxylic acid during solvothermal treatment. UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies were conducted in solution and solid-state on these two molecules as well as the precursor, 2,2′-bithiophene. These molecules were modeled using DFT level of theory to explain the observed structural features and spectroscopy.
Studies in Philosophical Psychology

(1965). Studies in Philosophical Psychology. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 357-358.
Mid-Infrared Lead-Salt Surface Emitting Photonic Crystal Laser on Silicon

The lead-salt epitaxial membrane embedded with two dimensional hexagonal air holes lattice array was used to develop the mid-infrared (mid-IR) photonic crystal surface emitting laser. For the initial proof-of-concept research work, we demonstrated intensive photonic crystal coupled mid-IR vertical light emissions from the designed structure under cryogenic temperature range. In order to realize room temperature operation, we modified the photonic bands structure, aligned the photonic crystal coupled mode with the gain spectrum of active material at 300 K. As a result, under pulsed mode optical excitation, multi-mode room temperature mid-IR photonic crystal lasing emissions were achieved at wavelength ∼3.5 μm recently. With further optimization, a practical lead-salt continuous-wave operating room temperature surface emitting photonic crystal laser is anticipated soon, and this will explore promising applications in a wide variety of fields.
Amplitudon and phason modes of electrocaloric energy interconversion

Solid-state electrothermal energy interconversion utilising the electrocaloric effect is currently being considered as a viable source of applications alternative to contemporary cooling and heating technologies. Electrocaloric performance of a dielectric system is critically dependent on the number of uncorrelated polar states, or ‘entropy channels’ present within the system phase space. Exact physical origins of these states are currently unclear and practical methodologies for controlling their number and creating additional ones are not firmly established. Here we employ a multiscale computational approach to investigate the electrocaloric response of an artificial layered-oxide material that exhibits Goldstone-like polar excitations. We demonstrate that in the low-electric-field poling regime, the number of independent polar states in this system is proportional to the number of grown layers, and that the resulting electrocaloric properties are tuneable in the whole range of temperatures below TC by application of electric fields and elastic strain. Scientists in the United States propose a new concept for a conversion of electrical energy into thermal. This approach utilizes a so-called electrocaloric effect that changes the temperature of a dielectric material when it is subjected to an external electric field. This effect can be applied, for example, for creating integrated cooling sources for computer chips and other electronic circuits. Serge Nakhmanson and colleagues at the University of Connecticut conducted a theoretical investigation of a model system comprised of extremely thin perovskite-oxide layers whose polarization – or atomic-scale dipole moment – directions can be easily reoriented by an electric field. Nakhmanson’steam was able to demonstrate that such a system must exhibit two different kinds of electrocaloric response, producing either heating, or cooling, and that it should be possible to switch between them on demand.
Narrative as Material Practice: A Digital Domain

Hypertext, hypermedia, and interactive fiction are genres of narrative based in digital delivery methods that result from an evolving dance between authors and computer scientists, between narrative and technology. In Janet Murray eloquently foretold a future for digital narrative that was expansive and participatory and that reflected its symbiotic and interdependent nature.
Civilizational Complexes and Intercivilizational Encounters

The main stress of the present essay is on the importance of variant "structures of consciousness" and the contacts of historically complex societies which have been the cradles and homes of world religions. My chief reason for adopting this emphasis is that it seems to provide exceptionally apt ways of relating to the questions we are obliged to ask ourselves in the comparative study of both civilizational complexes and intercivilizational encounters. The present draft allows much to remain implicit which will need to be made explicit at a later date. Thus, little detail is offered here on many of the so-called "real (in the sense of material) factors" influencing the shapings of cultural patterns, civilizational complexes and the impacts and outcomes of intercivilizational encounters. Cultural as well as social facts of great importance in these connections are treated lightly; e.g., the forms of language and script, the degree of formalization of the classificatory systems. The first and last sections of the paper reflect some of the results of case studies which I and others have conducted in this area. Evidence for some of the arguments will be found in other papers of mine-some hitherto published, some now in press. A list of these papers is included in the References which will be found at the end of the essay.
Time-bandwidth product of the time stretched analog-to-digital converter

The time-bandwidth product of the time stretched analog-to-digital converter is modeled in terms of its dependence on physical system parameters. Using the time-bandwidth product as the figure of merit, the performances of baseband double-sideband modulation, passband double-sideband modulation, and single-sideband modulation are compared and quantified.
Rapid determination of sanitizer concentration using impedance-based methods.

Chlorine, iodophor, and quaternary ammonium solutions of various concentrations were assayed with rapid test kits and with three Bactometer impedimetric test codes (the impedance, conductance, and capacitance test codes). An initial study was conducted to determine which test code was most suitable for each sanitizer. Impedance was shown to be the best for sodium hypochlorite solutions, conductance for iodophor solutions, and capacitance for quaternary ammonium solutions. When Bactometer results were compared with test kit results, linear regression revealed strong correlations for all three sanitizer solutions. For sodium hypochlorite concentrations of 0 to 100 ppm and 100 to 1.000 ppm, R 2 values of 0.87 and 0.99, respectively, were obtained. For iodophor concentrations between 25 to 150 ppm, an R 2 value of 0.95 was obtained. For quaternary ammonium compound concentrations of 100 to 1,000 ppm, an R 2 value of 0.94 was obtained. The impedimetric methods proved to be simple and rapid (6 min) alternatives for measuring concentrations of the sanitizer solutions with a high level of certainty (P < 0.0002). The Bactometer will save time when multiple samples are tested.
Longitudinal Associations between Change in Neighborhood Social Disorder and Change in Food Swamps in an Urban Setting.

Few studies have examined how neighborhood contextual features may influence the food outlet mix. We evaluated the relationship between changes in neighborhood crime and changes in the food environment, namely the relative density of unhealthy (or intermediate) food outlets out of total food outlets, or food swamp score, in Baltimore City from 2000 to 2012, using neighborhood fixed-effects linear regression models. Comparing neighborhoods to themselves over time, each unit increase in crime rate was associated with an increase in the food swamp score (b = 0.13; 95% CI, −0.00017 to 0.25). The association with food swamp score was in the same direction for violent crime and in the inverse direction for arrests related to juvenile crimes (proxy of reduced crime), but did not reach statistical significance when examined separately. Unfavorable conditions, such as crime, may deter a critical consumer base, diminishing the capacity of a community to attract businesses that are perceived to be neighborhood enhancing. Addressing these more distal drivers may be important for policies and programs to improve these food environments.
To aggregate or not, that is the question. A commentary on single-nucleotide variant proportion in genes: a new concept to explore major depression based on DNA sequencing data.

To aggregate or not, that is the question. A commentary on single-nucleotide variant proportion in genes: a new concept to explore major depression based on DNA sequencing data
Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome

Presumed ocular histoplasmosis is a choroidopathy, typically characterized by atrophic chorioretinal scars, peripapillary atrophy, and the absence of vitritis. The ocular manifestations are presumably secondary to a complex and poorly defined interaction between the fungal organism Histoplasma capsulatum and the host immune response. Patients without choroidal neovascularization require monitoring without treatment. When choroidal neovascularization develops in the macula, intraocular anti-VEGF agents are the preferred option for therapy.
Gastrointestinal Complications After Cardiac Surgery: A Nationwide Population-Based Analysis of Morbidity and Mortality Predictors.

Objective The authors aimed to evaluate the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of gastrointestinal (GI) complications in cardiac and aortic surgery using recent versions of the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) to provide clinicians with a better understanding of these uncommon but potentially serious complications. Design Population-based study. Setting NIS database 2010-2012. Participants Patients undergoing cardiac and aortic aneurysm repair surgeries. Interventions Not applicable. Measurements and Main Results The most common GI complication was postoperative ileus, which also had the lowest mortality, followed by GI hemorrhage. Mesenteric ischemia demonstrated the highest mortality, followed by intestinal perforation. Mortality was highest in those with infective endocarditis (16.02%), followed by myocardial infarction (12.48%). GI complications were highest in patients undergoing repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm, followed by off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. Conclusion In conclusion, this study demonstrated that GI complications after cardiac surgery occurred at a rate of 4.17%, which is similar to that reported in the NIS database from 1998 to 2002 in coronary artery bypass grafting patients, but higher than that previously described in single-center studies. GI complications after cardiac surgery increased inpatient mortality 3-fold and more than doubled length of stay. Improved recognition and understanding of the predisposing risk factors and complications elucidated in this study could serve to increase the necessity for timely diagnosis and treatment of patients at high risk for GI complications after cardiac surgery.
Invariant Operators in Simple Lie Algebras and Flexible Malcev-Admissible Algebras with A− Simple

We have determined in Chapter 2 (Corollary 2.34 and Theorem 2.38) the structure of flexible Malcev-admissible algebras A over a field F of characteristic 0, when A− is split semisimple over F. In this chapter we determine the structure of such algebras A, when A− is simple over F. The result for semisimple A− immediately follows from the case for simple A−. Since the derivation algebra Der M of a semisimple Malcev algebra M is semisimple, we regard A as a Der A−-module. Representation theory of simple Lie algebras plays a main role in our investigation. Specifically, we first determine the so-called adjoint operators of a split simple Lie algebra in its irreducible modules, which in turn characterize the Der A−-module actions imposed on the multiplication of A. An adjoint operator of a Lie algebra L into an L-module V is an L-module homomorphism of L into the tensor product module V ⊗ V*, where V* is the dual module of V. The results in this chapter are based on work of Okubo and Myung [3], Benkart and Osborn [1], and Myung [5].
Probing subnucleon scale fluctuations in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions

Abstract We show that introducing subnucleon scale fluctuations constrained by HERA diffractive J / Ψ production data significantly affects the incoherent diffractive J / Ψ production cross section in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions. We find that the inclusion of the additional fluctuations increases the ratio of the incoherent to the coherent cross section approximately by a factor of 2, and modifies the transverse momentum spectra of the produced J / Ψ at momenta larger than the scale that corresponds to the distance scale of the subnucleonic fluctuations. We present predictions for J / Ψ production in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions at s N N = 5.02 TeV at the LHC and 200 GeV at RHIC.
Project Anqa: Digitizing and Documenting Cultural Heritage in the Middle East

Abstract. The practice of digitizing cultural heritage sites is gaining ground among conservation scientists and scholars in architecture, art history, computer science, and related fields. Recently, the location of such sites in areas of intense conflict has highlighted the urgent need for documenting cultural heritage for the purposes of preservation and posterity. The complex histories of such sites requires more than just their digitization, and should also include the meaningful interpretation of buildings and their surroundings with respect to context and intangible values. Project Anqa is an interdisciplinary and multi-partner effort that goes beyond simple digitization to record at-risk heritage sites throughout the Middle East and Saharan Africa, most notably in Syria and Iraq, before they are altered or destroyed. Through a collaborative process, Anqa assembles documentation, historically contextualizes it, and makes data accessible and useful for scholars, peers, and the wider public through state-of-the-art tools. The aim of the project is to engage in capacity-building on the ground in Syria and Iraq, as well as to create an educational web platform that informs viewers about cultural heritage in the region through research, digital storytelling, and the experience of virtual environments.
Discordant Analytical Results Caused by Biotin Interference on Diagnostic Immunoassays in a Pediatric Hospital.

Recent studies have reported that biotin interferes with certain immunoassays. In this study, we evaluated the analytical interference of biotin on immunoassays that use streptavidin-biotin in our pediatric hospital. We tested the effect of different concentrations of biotin (1.5-200 ng/ml) on TSH, Prolactin, Ferritin, CK-MB, β-hCG, Troponin I, LH, FSH, Cortisol, Anti-HAV antibody (IgG and IgM), assays on Ortho Clinical Diagnostic Vitros 5600 Analyzer. Biotin (up to 200 ng/mL) did not significantly affect Troponin I and HAV assays. Biotin (up to 12.5 ng/ml) resulted in 6.25 ng/mL significantly affected TSH (>20% bias) assay. Prolactin was significantly affected even at low levels (Biotin 1.5 ng/mL). Thus, we recommend educating physicians about biotin interference in common immunoassays and adding an electronic disclaimer.
Electric double layer capacitance for ionic liquids in nanoporous electrodes: Effects of pore size and ion composition

Abstract The energy density of an electric double layer (EDL) capacitor, a type of supercapacitor, depends on the ion distribution within the micropores of electrodes that are typically made of amorphous carbon. By using coarse-grained models and the classical density functional theory, we investigate the distributions of ionic species among different idealized nanopores in contact with an asymmetric ionic liquid mixture and the effects of the bulk electrolyte composition on capacitive energy storage. We find that a charged pore is always small-ion selective, provided all ions have the same valence and similar non-electrostatic interactions. While small ions enhance both the EDL capacitance and the accessibility of micropores, an ionic mixture containing ions of different sizes may yield a capacitance higher than those corresponding to pure ionic liquids. The increased capacitance may be attributed to more efficient ion packing near the charged surface. At certain conditions, the improvement is on a par with the anomalous capacitance rise for pure ionic liquids in electrodes with ultranarrow pores.
Effective International Medical Disaster Relief: A Qualitative Descriptive Study.

Purpose The aim of this study was to assist organizations seeking to develop or improve their medical disaster relief effort by identifying fundamental elements and processes that permeate high-quality, international, medical disaster relief organizations and the teams they deploy. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used. Data were gathered from interviews with key personnel at five international medical response organizations, as well as during field observations conducted at multiple sites in Jordan and Greece, including three refugee camps. Data were then reviewed by the research team and coded to identify patterns, categories, and themes. Results The results from this qualitative, descriptive design identified three themes which were key characteristics of success found in effective, well-established, international medical disaster relief organizations. These characteristics were first, ensuring an official invitation had been extended and the need for assistance had been identified. Second, the response to that need was done in an effective and sustainable manner. Third, effective organizations strived to obtain high-quality volunteers. Conclusion By following the three key characteristics outlined in this research, organizations are more likely to improve the efficiency and quality of their work. In addition, they will be less likely to impede the overall recovery process. Broby N , Lassetter JH , Williams M , Winters BA . Effective international medical disaster relief: a qualitative descriptive study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(2):119-126.
Concentration-related metabolic rate and behavioral thermoregulatory adaptations to serial administrations of nitrous oxide in rats.

BACKGROUND Initial administration of ≥60% nitrous oxide (N2O) to rats evokes hypothermia, but after repeated administrations the gas instead evokes hyperthermia. This sign reversal is driven mainly by increased heat production. To determine whether rats will behaviorally oppose or assist the development of hyperthermia, we previously performed thermal gradient testing. Inhalation of N2O at ≥60% causes rats to select cooler ambient temperatures both during initial administrations and during subsequent administrations in which the hyperthermic state exists. Thus, an available behavioral response opposes (but does not completely prevent) the acquired hyperthermia that develops over repeated high-concentration N2O administrations. However, recreational and clinical uses of N2O span a wide range of concentrations. Therefore, we sought to determine the thermoregulatory adaptations to chronic N2O administration over a wide range of concentrations. METHODS This study had two phases. In the first phase we adapted rats to twelve 3-h N2O administrations at either 0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60% or 75% N2O (n = 12 per group); outcomes were core temperature (via telemetry) and heat production (via respirometry). In the second phase, we used a thermal gradient (range 8°C-38°C) to assess each adapted group's thermal preference, core temperature and locomotion on a single occasion during N2O inhalation at the assigned concentration. RESULTS In phase 1, repeated N2O administrations led to dose related hyperthermic and hypermetabolic states during inhalation of ≥45% N2O compared to controls (≥ 30% N2O compared to baseline). In phase 2, rats in these groups selected cooler ambient temperatures during N2O inhalation but still developed some hyperthermia. However, a concentration-related increase of locomotion was evident in the gradient, and theoretical calculations and regression analyses both suggest that locomotion contributed to the residual hyperthermia. CONCLUSIONS Acquired N2O hyperthermia in rats is remarkably robust, and occurs even despite the availability of ambient temperatures that might fully counter the hyperthermia. Increased locomotion in the gradient may contribute to hyperthermia. Our data are consistent with an allostatic dis-coordination of autonomic and behavioral thermoregulatory mechanisms during drug administration. Our results have implications for research on N2O abuse as well as research on the role of allostasis in drug addiction.
The Second Fifty Industrial Chemicals

The basis of most of our study of industrial chemicals thus far has been the top 50. These chemicals are produced utilizing some fascinating processes on a large scale, and an understanding and appreciation of these chemicals, their manufacture and uses, provides the student with a solid background in industrial chemicals. We might ask ourselves what comes next? What are some other important large-scale chemicals that, though not made quite at the volume of the top 50, nevertheless in their own right make important contributions to the chemical industry?
Mastitis in Heifers

Udder health is typically overlooked but critically important in heifers. Mastitis pathogens of the contagious as well as environmental groups have been implicated in mastitis in heifers. Procedures considered for control of heifer mastitis include prepartum treatment in primigravid heifers, separating preweaned calves to prevent suckling, fly control, and segregation of pregnant heifers from dry cows. Further investigation is needed before general recommendations can be made relative to prepartum treatment of primigravid heifers. An improved understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of heifer mastitis will aid in expanding and improving control measures.
Investitionsplanung und -entscheidung

Zur Erstellung eines Investitionsbudgets, das die genehmigten und auszufuhrenden Investitionsprojekte des Unternehmens enthalt, mus eine sorgfaltige Analyse gemacht werden. Falsche Investitionsentscheidungen wirken sich langfristig aus. Um die Hohe der erforderlichen Mittel, die Dauer der finanziellen Verpflichtungen und das im Entscheidungsprozes liegende Risiko so genau wie moglich zu bestimmen, ist wegen der Schwierigkeit rechnerischer Beurteilung ein betrachtlicher Aufwand an Nachforschungen und Untersuchungen notwendig. Die finanziellen Anforderungen, die gegenwartigen und die in der Zukunft zu erwartenden Kosten, die Gewinne, die Steuersituationen, gesetzliche Schwierigkeiten, die Personalfragen und die Entwicklungen des Absatzmarkts mussen untersucht werden, ehe eine endgultige Entscheidung fallen kann. Gewisse Investitionsvorschlage, die unter dem Budgettitel „nicht-gewinnbringende“ Projekte verzeichnet sind, konnen ein „Mus“ bedeuten, besonders wenn sie Verbesserungen im Interesse der Mitarbeiter oder der Public Relations des Unternehmens zum Ziele haben oder der Unfallverhutung dienen oder gesetzliche Vorschriften erfullen. Obwohl ihre Durchfuhrung zwingend ist, konnen auch sie nur auf Grund flussiger Geldmittel realisiert werden. Derartige Investitionen stehen hier jedoch nicht zur Diskussion. Wir beschranken uns auf die gewinnbringenden Investitionen, fur die Analysen notwendig und genauere Bewertungen auch moglich sind.
7.1 – Body Fluid Compartments

This chapter describes the indicator dilution method for determining the volume of distribution of otherwise inaccessible fluid compartments. Total body water is marked by deuterium oxide and averages around 60% of body weight. The extracellular volume can be determined by inulin as a marker, and it averages 20% of body weight. The plasma volume can be found using Evan’s blue dye as a marker, and it is typically 5% of body weight. The main fluid compartments are not these, but the intracellular fluid, interstitial fluid (ISF), and plasma, which can be obtained from the volumes of distribution of these markers. The plasma and ISF are nearly identical except for the protein concentration and its attendant Gibbs–Donnan effect. The basis of the Gibbs–Donnan distribution ratio is discussed. The rest of the chapter considers the effects of three interventions on the intracellular and extracellular fluid volumes and osmolarity: drinking 1 L of water; eating 10 g of NaCl, and infusing 1 L of isotonic saline. The point is made that the kidney regulates the volume and composition of body fluids by operating on the plasma.
What do patients want to know when selecting a hospital for cancer care

e18810Background: Information transparency is a critical tool for empowering patients to make evidence-based healthcare decisions. Yet patients seldom consult available resources like provider “rep...
Self-Similarity and the Dynamics of Coarsening in Materials

Two-phase mixtures, from metallic alloys to islands on surfaces, undergo coarsening wherein the total interfacial area of the system decreases with time. Theory predicts that during coarsening the average size-scale of a two-phase mixture increases with time as t1/3 when the two-phase mixture is self-similar, or time independent when scaled by a time-dependent length. Here, we explain why this temporal power law is so robustly observed even when the microstructure is not self-similar. We show that there exists an upper limit to the length scales in the system that are kinetically active during coarsening, which we term the self-similar length scale. Length scales smaller than the self-similar length scale evolve, leading to the classical temporal power law for the coarsening dynamics of the system. Longer length scales are largely inactive, leading to a non-self-similar structure. This result holds for any two-phase mixture with a large distribution of morphological length scales.
Analyzing Power Grids’ Cascading Failures and Critical Components using Interaction Graphs

An important property of cascading failures in power grids is that, in addition to the physical topology of the system, the physics of the power flow and functional dependencies among components largely affect the spatial distribution and propagation of failures. Various techniques have been proposed to capture the interactions among the components in the models of power grids, beyond the physical topology, during cascading failures. In this paper, we create the logical network of interactions among components atop the physical topology of the system using influence-based and correlation-based techniques. We will discuss that different techniques to derive the graph of interactions and various power grid operating settings can lead to different analyses of interactions and cascading behavior. We will further introduce a new measure based on the overlapped community structures in the graph of interactions to identify critical components in cascade of failures, whose protection can help in containing failures within a community and prevent the propagation of failures to the whole power grid. We have verified the important role of the identified critical components in our dataset of cascading failures based on power system simulations.
Progress and Promise Transitioning to the One Water/Resource Recovery Integrated Urban Water Management Systems

AbstractChanging circumstances and the availability of new technologies are causing urban water systems to transition from managing system components in a separate and linear fashion to an integrat...
Improving construction work zone safety using technology: a systematic review of applicable technologies

Abstract Once considered conventional, the construction industry is gradually increasing its reliance on innovations such as the application of technologies in safety management. Given the growing literature on technology applications in safety management and the varying opinions on the utility of applied technologies, a systematic review that streamlines findings from past studies is indispensable to construction stakeholders. Although a number of review studies are available in the building construction sector, the level of fragmentation and uniqueness within the construction industry necessitates a review study specifically targeting the heavy civil sector. In response, the present study applies a three-step approach to identify and review articles pertinent to the safety of highway construction work zones. The factors considered include the number of publications per year, publication locations, and technology types. In addition, the present study proposes to broadly group work zone safety technologies (WZSTs) into three categories based on their primary purpose: speed reduction systems, intrusion prevention and warning systems, and human-machine-interaction detection systems. Key findings include WZST research trends, application of smart work zone systems, and the potential relationship between WZSTs and fatalities. The paper ends with the identification of six additional research areas aimed at deepening the understanding of technology's role in highway safety management. The trend analysis and an in-depth discussion of each technology category alongside the identified research gaps will provide a substantial informative body of knowledge that both benefits current practitioners and directs researchers towards potential future studies.
The Biogeography of the Glacier Biome

Abstract If nutrients and a carbon source are available, life as we know it can actively reside nearly anywhere liquid water exists—even glacier ice and snow ( Zawierucha et al., 2015 ). Just as with tropical rainforests, temperate grasslands, and polar tundra, the worldwide collection of glacial ecosystems residing on permanent freshwater ice can be considered as a biological biome ( Anesio and Laybourn-Parry, 2012 ). In fact, all kingdoms of life ( Ruggiero et al., 2015 ) have been found living on glacier surfaces, a land cover that extends over 1.6 × 107 km2 ( Williams Jr. and Ferrigno, 2012 ), or 10% of the Earth's surface. The presence of these organisms living on glaciers leads to melting, and the melt-water they create is necessary for their existence, making the glacier biome important from a global warming perspective ( Ganey et al., 2017 ). While all of the world's glaciers have much microbial life in common, especially single-celled algae, the taxonomic orders of glacier-dwelling macroinvertebrates differ across continents.
Editorial: Introducing the Planetary Science Journal

The Planetary Science Journal (PSJ) becomes the newest of the American Astronomical Society's (AAS) peer-reviewed journals. PSJ is devoted to recent developments, discoveries, and theories in planetary science, covering all aspects of investigation of our solar system and other planetary systems.
Aneurysm of the anterior tibial artery as a complication of infectious endocarditis.

ObjectiveMycotic aneurysms of the infrapopliteal vessels are rare, with few cases reported in the literature. Management strategies are diverse and should be tailored to the patient’s presentation....
A smart façade system controller for optimized wind-induced vibration mitigation in tall buildings

Abstract Wind-induced vibration (WIV) of tall buildings is a major cause of occupant discomfort and potential fatigue damage. Catastrophic failure may also take place at wind speeds that are lower than the design values due to phenomena such as vortex shedding or flutter-induced instabilities. This paper presents a data-driven adaptive control strategy that continuously seeks to minimize WIV for a given average flow condition by independently adjusting the angular orientation of an active facade system composed of a set of plates. The controller utilizes Genetic Algorithm (GA) optimization to determine facade plate angles that minimize time-averaged WIV amplitudes by altering the aerodynamics of the building. The GA is assisted by two artificial neural networks (ANNs). A predictor ANN acts as a regression model that continuously estimates the system dynamics. An optimizer ANN allows the controller to quickly recall what plate angle combination to use for a given wind condition. A 2D fluid-structure-interaction (FSI) model is used to simulate the steady-state response of the building for given wind conditions and facade plate angle combinations. The 2D model is validated by comparing to published data. Initial results show that vibration amplitudes were reduced up to 94% upon enabling the proposed smart facade controller.
Through Him and With Him? A Longitudinal Study of How God-Mediated Control Beliefs Shape the Relationship between Divine Forgiveness and Physical Health in Later Life:

Objectives: While there has been a recent surge in research on forgiveness and health, much less is known about the relationship between divine forgiveness and health. Methods: Using longitudinal data from the 2001-2004 Religion, Aging, and Health Survey from the United States, the current study assesses how changes in beliefs in God-mediated control, a perceived collaborative relationship with a divine power, affect the association between divine forgiveness and physical health among Christian older adults. Results: Older adults with consistently high beliefs in God-mediated control over the study period received stronger health benefits of divine forgiveness. Forgiveness by God also had a stronger relationship with health compared to forgiveness of self and others. Discussion: The findings underscore the importance of subjective beliefs about God. Future research directions are proposed to advance the study of religion and health in later life by conceiving of a more salient role for divine forgiveness.
Optogenetic induction of orbitostriatal long-term potentiation in the dorsomedial striatum elicits a persistent reduction of alcohol-seeking behavior in rats

Uncontrolled drug-seeking and -taking behaviors are generally driven by maladaptive corticostriatal synaptic plasticity. The orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and its projections to the dorsomedial striatum (DMS) have been extensively implicated in drug-seeking and relapse behaviors. The influence of the synaptic plasticity of OFC projections to the DMS (OFC→DMS) on drug-seeking and -taking behaviors has not been fully characterized. To investigate this, we trained rats to self-administer 20% alcohol and then delivered an in vivo optogenetic protocol designed to induce long-term potentiation (LTP) selectively at OFC→DMS synapses. We selected LTP induction because we found that voluntary alcohol self-administration suppressed OFC→DMS transmission and LTP may normalize this transmission, consequently reducing alcohol-seeking behavior. Importantly, ex vivo slice electrophysiology studies confirmed that this in vivo optical stimulation protocol resulted in a significant increase in excitatory OFC→DMS transmission strength on day two after stimulation, suggesting that LTP was induced in vivo. Rat alcohol-seeking and -taking behaviors were significantly reduced on days 1-3, but not on days 7-11, after LTP induction. Striatal synaptic plasticity is modulated by several critical neurotransmitter receptors, including dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs) and adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs). We found that delivery of in vivo optical stimulation in the presence of a D1R antagonist abolished the LTP-associated decrease in alcohol-seeking behavior, whereas delivery in the presence of an A2AR antagonist may facilitate this LTP-induced behavioral change. These results demonstrate that alcohol-seeking behavior was negatively regulated by the potentiation of excitatory OFC→DMS neurotransmission. Our findings provide direct evidence that the OFC exerts "top-down" control of alcohol-seeking behavior via the DMS.
What You Say and Where You Say It Matter: Effects of Facebook Message Publicity and Support Type on Evaluation of Support Message Quality:

Guided by the masspersonal communication model, this study examined the impact of the communication channel (masspersonal vs. interpersonal) and support message type on evaluation of social support...
Provider Perspectives on the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Newborn Screening.

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic caused significant changes in healthcare delivery. Telemedicine rapidly and unexpectedly became the primary vehicle for ambulatory management. As newborn screen (NBS) referrals require varying levels of acuity, whether telemedicine could be used as a safe and effective medium to return these results were unknown. We sent an online survey to metabolism providers internationally to investigate triage differences of abnormal NBS results during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey compared personal practice for the periods of March–June 2019 and March–June 2020. Responses were received from 44 providers practicing in 8 countries. Nearly all (93%) practiced in areas of widespread SARS-COV-2 community transmission during spring 2020. There was a significant expansion of telemedicine use for NBS referrals at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (OR: 12, 95% CI: 3.66–39.3, p < 0.0001). Telehealth primarily replaced in-person ambulatory metabolism visits. The increased frequency of virtual care was similar across NBS analytes. Providers found telehealth for NBS referral equally efficacious to in-person care. Institutional patient surveys showed no difference in satisfaction with provider communication, provider empathy, or appointment logistics. Our survey was limited by unprecedented disruption in healthcare delivery, necessitating further validation of telegenetics for NBS in the post-pandemic era. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate that telemedicine is potentially a viable and practical tool for triaging abnormal NBS results.
Optical Interferometric Force Sensor Based on a Buckled Beam

This paper reports a novel extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI)-based fiber optic sensor for force measurement. The prototype force sensor consists of two EFPIs mounted on a stainless steel rectangular frame. The primary sensing element, i.e., the first EFPI, is formed between the endface of a horizontally-placed optical fiber and a stainless steel buckled beam. The second EFPI, fashioned between a longitudinally-placed optical fiber and a silver-coated glass beam, is arranged to demonstrate the amplification mechanism of the buckled beam structure. When the sensor is subjected to a tension force, the pre-buckled beam will deflect backward, resulting in a longitudinal/axial displacement of the pre-buckled beam. The axial displacement is further transferred and amplified to a horizontal/vertical deflection at the middle of the buckled beam, leading to a relatively-significant change in the Fabry-Perot cavity length. A force sensitivity of 796 nm/N (change in cavity length/Newton) is achieved with a low-temperature dependence of 0.005 N/°C. The stability of the sensor is also investigated with a standard deviation of ± 5 nm, corresponding to a measurement resolution of ±0.0064 N. A simulation is conducted to study the axial displacement and stress distribution of the sensor when it is subjected to a tension load of 250 N. It is demonstrated that the maximum stress of the sensor is tremendously reduced attributed to the buckled design, enabling a long service life cycle of the force sensor. The robust and simple-to-manufacture force sensor has great potential in structural health monitoring, robotics control, and oil/ gas refining systems.
Special delivery: microparticles convey heme.

In this issue of Blood , [Camus et al][1] describe how microparticles derived from sickle erythrocytes can deliver heme to vascular endothelial cells, leading to their activation and injury, and promote vasoocclusion in sickle cell disease (SCD).[1][2] ![Figure][3] Erythrocyte MP
A Heavy Truck Cab Suspension for Improved Ride

A unique, low frequency four point cab suspension was developed around the assumption of a one degree of freedom single mass system. By placing ride improvement equipment between the frame and cab, no ride related restrictions need be placed on wheelbase, frame section, suspension systems, power trains, etc. None of the other proposed methods could achieve the same degree of improvement with such a small weight addition.
Surge handling as a measure of real-time system dependability

Traditional reliability measures for computer systems can be classified into Computer-Centric or Application-Centric categories. The former concentrate on the hardware resources while ignoring the application's needs. The latter focus on the requirements of a specific application which is being executed, thus requiring the knowledge of all the details of the application; information which may not always be readily available. Also, the narrow view on the system's reliability through a single application is too restrictive and provides very limited information regarding the way the system will handle other applications.
Efficiency tradeoffs for malicious two-party computation

We study efficiency tradeoffs for secure two-party computation in presence of malicious behavior. We investigate two main approaches for defending against malicious behavior in Yao's garbled circuit method: (1) Committed-input scheme, (2) Equality-checker scheme. We provide asymptotic and concrete analysis of communication and computation costs of the designed protocols. We also develop a weaker definition of security (k-leaked model) for malicious two-party computation that allows for disclosure of some information to a malicious party. We design more efficient variations of Yao's protocol that are secure in the proposed model.
Method for design of generalized regional maps of paleohydrodynamic environments

A method of mapping which essentially combines isopachs and estimated degrees of compaction of sediments (e.g. in six spans of geological time, in the Neocomian complex, Caucasian piedmont), proves serviceable in many qualitative-semiquantitative derivations. Among these are directions, volumes, and rates of migration of sedimentational waters, the carriers of hydrocarbons, inside and outside the test area; the optimum compaction depths for the sediments; positions of pressure-heads in the evolving artesian basin; zones of oleogenesis and positions of probable accumulations of hydrocarbons.
Identifying linear causal effects

This paper concerns the assessment of linear cause-effect relationships from a combination of observational data and qualitative causal structures. The paper shows how techniques developed for identifying causal effects in causal Bayesian networks can be used to identify linear causal effects, and thus provides a new approach for assessing linear causal effects in structural equation models. Using this approach the paper develops a systematic procedure for recognizing identifiable direct causal effects.
Emergency Planning and Response for Libraries, Archives, and Museums by Emma Dadson

Really, really this book is a definitive guide for dealing with disasters in libraries, archives, and museums. Over the last decade the incidents of disasters throughout the world has grown. Librar...
THE ENERGY GAP OF THE M3C60 SUPERCONDUCTORS

We briefly review tunneling spectroscopy studies of the new fullerene-based superconductors, K3C60 and Rb30C60 from our laboratory. At low temperature the reduced energy gap, 2∆/kTc, has a value of 5.3 ± 0.2 and 5.2 ± 0.3 for K3C60 and Rb3C60, respectively. The magnitude of the reduced gap for these materials is significantly larger than the value of 3.53 predicted by BCS theory. These results demonstrate that the energy gap scales with Tc and show that the pair coupling interaction is strong in the M3C60 superconductors, and thus they provide information essential to understanding superconductivity in the M3C60 materials.
Statistical Analysis in Iconographic Interpretation: The Function of Mudras at Tapho, A Tibetan Buddhist Monastery

A Statistical analysis of iconographic elements can help elucidate the syntax rules within a complex iconographic system. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing the mudras (hand gestures) found on a group of 11th-century clay sculptures at the Tibetan Buddhist monastery of Tapho in Himachal Pradesh, India. The mudras were found to have significant associations with other iconographic elements—in particular, deity type. They could have been used to communicate; a likely semantic unit is hand gesture plus arm position. These results can serve as hypotheses to be tested with other mandalas to determine whether they are specific to Tapho or more generalizable within Tibetan Buddhist art. The statistical techniques are applicable to any iconographic system.