cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolated bilateral first rib fracture associated with aortic valve tear

A lo-year-old male was a front seat passenger in a car, wearing a seat belt, when he was involved in a front collision. On arrival in the Accident and Emergency department his score on the Glasgow Coma Scale was 15 and he was breathing spontaneously with no distress. His cardiovascular state was stable. His blood pressure was 130/80 mmHg. and his pulse was 10Wmin. The Revised Trauma Score was II. He had suffered an open Monteggia fracture of the left arm, a segmental fracture of the shaft of the left femur and an undisplaced fracture of the right talar neck. An initial chest X-ray had to be repeated because it did not show the thoracic inlet properly. The repeated chest X-ray showed bilateral first rib fractures (See Figure I). No other associated fractures were seen. The lung fields were clear. The heart and mediastinum were not enlarged. There was no associated pneumoor haemothorax. A CT scan of the head showed a small frontal lobe intracerebral haematoma. During resuscitation 21 of colloids and two units of packed cells were administered intravenously, and acute dyspnoea and respiratory distress developed. A further chest X-ray revealed acute pulmonary oedema. This was attributed to fluid overload and was treated with diuretics. A contrast CT scan of the aorta and mediastinal vessels was performed to exclude great vessel damage. No abnormality was found. He was ventilated in the Intensive Care Unit. The next day open reduction and internal fixation of his left forearm fracture were performed after cleaning of his wounds, together with the application of a Denham pin for trans-tibia1 skeletal traction for his left femoral fracture and the application of plaster for his right ankle injury. He returned to the Intensive Care Unit postoperatively. Two days later his femoral fracture was stabilized with a Russell Taylor interlocking nail. Respiratory function was increasingly compromised after admission with a clear tendency to produce pulmonary oedema and he was ventilated in the Intensive Care Unit on 30 per cent oxygen at all times to maintain arterial oxygen pressures of 8 kPa. Initially the pulmonary oedema was attributed to fluid overload, and later to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Five days after admission a previously inaudible heart murmur became obvious (3/6 LSE). An echocardiogram showed a regurgitant aortic valve consistent with aortic valve damage. The patient was transferred to a specialist cardiothoracic unit where it was found that the coronary cusp of the aortic valve had become detached from the commissure to below the nidus of the leaflet in a bicuspid aortic valve. This was repaired uneventfully. He made a good recovery and after return to the original hospital he was discharged 40 days after his first admission.
Effects of processing parameters on critical current density of Ag-clad Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox tapes

Abstract Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O x tapes sheathed in Ag were fabricated by loading fully-synthesized superconductor powder into an Ag tube and then working the tube into a tape by drawing and rolling. The maximum transport critical current density ( J c ) of tape at 4.2 K was 10 5 A cm −2 , which corresponds to a current of 83 A. To obtain this J c value, it was necessary to roll the tape at no more than ≈ 10% reduction per pass and to heat treat it before final rolling. The optimal treatment included 0.5 h in air at 890°C, which induced partial melting of the superconductor core. Higher J c values were associated with improved texture of the superconductor grains, which was strongly influenced by the smoothness of the Ag/superconductor interface and by the presence of nonsuperconducting phases.
The association of hepatitis C virus infection and post-liver transplant diabetes: data from 17 000 HCV-infected transplant recipients

Summary Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is associated with metabolic manifestations including insulin resistance and diabetes through various mechanisms. Whether HCV infection is associated with an increased risk of post-transplant diabetes in liver transplant recipients is unclear. Aim To assess the association of HCV infection with post-transplant diabetes. Methods All liver transplant recipients infected with hepatitis C (exposed) and hepatitis B (HBV) (controls) with post-transplant follow-up from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2003–2012) were included. Results A total of 17 121 HCV patients and 1450 HBV controls were included in this observational study. Subjects with HCV were more likely to be overweight and obese at transplant, but the rate of pre-transplant diabetes of 13.7% was similar to HBV (P > 0.05). Post-transplant, 32.5% of HCV patients and 27.5% of HBV patients had diabetes (P < 0.0001). This difference was observed starting as early as 6 months post-transplant: 22.5% HCV and 18.9% HBV (P = 0.0043). With longer follow-up, both the cumulative and incidental risks of developing post-transplant diabetes were consistently higher in HCV patients. In particular, by 5 years post-transplant, both the relative risk of having diabetes [1.18 (1.08–1.29), P = 0.0002] and the hazard ratio for time to developing diabetes [1.27 (1.15–1.41), P < 0.0001] were significantly higher in HCV patients compared to HBV patients. In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for confounders including the use of immunosuppressants, hepatitis C infection was independently associated with developing post-transplant diabetes: aHR = 1.55 (1.34–1.79), P < 0.0001. Conclusion Hepatitis C infection is associated with a higher risk of post-transplant diabetes that persists up to 5 years post-transplant.
Mr. Toynbee and World Politics: War and National Security

IHE problem of war and national security, at one time conceived of as the province of almost anyone but the peace-minded international relationist, has come increasingly to occupy scholars and researchers. Arnold J. Toynbee, whose major concern is the philosophy of history, preserves a lively interest in international politics and particularly in the problem of war, the principles of foreign policy, and the quest for an applicable body of theory concerning international society. With the publication of the last four volumes of his famed A Study of History, it may be appropriate to call attention to the other side of his work, especially as he brings to the discussion a clarity, simplicity, and concreteness refreshing by contrast with the pompous tautologies of much of modern scholarship. This article reviews Mr. Toynbee's contribution to knowledge on the first of the problems mentioned, namely, war and national security. It seeks to present his conception of the crisis in modern war, social factors underlying the transformation of warfare, and prevailing theories on the nature and inevitability of war.
New avenue to the parton distribution functions : Self-organizing maps

Neural network algorithms have been recently applied to construct parton distribution function (PDF) parametrizations which provide an alternative to standard global fitting procedures. In this exploratory study we propose a technique using self-organizing maps (SOMs). SOMs are a class of clustering algorithms based on competitive learning among spatially ordered neurons. Our SOMs are trained on selections of stochastically generated PDF samples. The selection criterion for every optimization iteration is based on the features of the clustered PDFs. Our goal is a fitting procedure that, at variance with the standard neural network approaches, will allow for an increased control of the systematic bias by enabling user interaction in the various stages of the process.
Sustainability Indicators for Swiss Dairy Farms and the General Implications for Business/Government Interdependencies

This article explores the relevance of sustainable business development for society and the state. Sustainability of enterprises can be defined as demonstrating the ability to be capable of continuing the same type of business in the lifetime of the next generation. In the case of Swiss dairy farms, this type of sustainability may also depend on the willingness of the government and society to make the necessary financial adjustments. Sustainability indicators for such farms are, therefore, related to ecological and social benefits rather than simply to economic success. To evaluate the role of Swiss dairy farms, a system with economic, ecological and social indicators for measuring their sustainability would be valuable. This approach creates an integration of sustainability life-cycle assessment factors of enterprises, on the one hand, and purely economic business indicators, on the other. The approach developed in this article would be of interest to all sectors that depend on public support.
Outcomes in Adults with Asperger Syndrome.

This article explores the current research literature on adult outcomes of individuals With Asperger syndrome (AS). Specific areas addressed are the characteristics associated With adulthood AS, in...
Fulminant Clostridium difficile enteritis causing abdominal compartment syndrome.

Abstract Introduction: Clostridium difficile infection of the small bowel, or C. difficile enteritis (CDE), is an uncommon condition. Cases reported previously have been described in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), compromised immune systems, or a history of colectomy or small bowel surgery. Case Description: We present a case of fulminant CDE causing abdominal compartment syndrome following a routine outpatient inguinal hernia repair. This patient developed multiple organ failure dysfunction syndrome requiring surgical abdominal decompression and a small bowel resection. This case highlights the challenges in the diagnosis of CDE, particularly in patients with intact colons and unusual presentations. Discussion: A high index of suspicion is required, as early recognition of CDE is essential in reducing morbidity and mortality. This case report is followed by a review of the current literature on CDE, with a focus on the complexities inherent in the identification of this problem and the d...
Secondary ion yield improvements for phosphated and sulfated molecules using substrate-enhanced time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry

Abstract Aminoethanethiol (AET), at an appropriate pH, forms a charged self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on Au surfaces. We have shown that an AET-SAM can be used to adsorb organic and inorganic anions from aqueous and ethanol solutions. The adsorbed anions can then be sputtered with high efficiency for characterization by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. We present here the application of the AET monolayer for the characterization of more complex and biologically relevant organic sulfates and phosphates up to 1150 Daltons, each featuring a charged anionic site to facilitate the adsorption to the monolayer by ion-pair formation. We monitored the mass spectra and secondary ion emission following 20 keV (CsI)nCs+ (n=0–2) projectile impacts on targets composed of thin layers deposited on Si, Au, and AET/Au substrates; and of thick targets (thick with respect to the 10–100 nm range of projectile). For each molecule used in this study, the secondary ion yield increased when the anion was deposited as a thin layer, relative to a thick layer, and is greatest for AET/Au substrates compared to bare Au and polished Si substrates. Additionally, the intact-to-fragment ion yield ratio is lower when sputtering from the solid salt target than from the AET monolayer.
The Commercialization of Old Order Amish Quilts: Enduring and Changing Cultural Meanings

Traditional Amish culture is an enduring culture that is characterized and driven by a simplicity that is sharply contrasted with the complex daily lives of contemporary mainstream Americans. Yet, ...
Fabrication and Characterization of Glassy Carbon MEMS

This paper describes the fabrication of free-standing high-carbon microstructures by soft-lithographic techniques; these structures ranged in complexity from simple beams to complex, suspended defl...
Cooper pairing in the presence of antiferromagnetism

Abstract With a BCS interaction, the free energy for usual BCS pairing of electrons but in the presence of antiferromagnetism is shown to be lower than for a different pairing scheme where pairs are formed from electron eigenstates of the antiferromagnet. In both pairing schemes, super-conductivity in the presence of antiferromagnetism is always a mixture of spin-singlet-even-parity-orbital and spin-triplet-odd-parity-orbital electron pairs.
Why innovation in inflammatory bowel disease drug development will impact your practice.

D development in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is likely to impact clinical practice in gastroenterology in he near term and beyond. Specific trends in drug development hat are relevant and will be discussed herein include (1) inreased use of biomarkers; (2) increased use of pharmacokinetcs to customize drug dosing for individual patients; (3) evoluion of treatment end points from symptoms to mucosal ealing, prevention of structural damage, and prevention of isability; (4) increased use of combination therapy; (5) reduced osts of manufacturing for biologics; and (6) discovery of novel iological targets.
Calcium carbonate and ammonium polyphosphate-based flame retardant composition for polypropylene

The chemical mode of action as a flame retardant of calcium carbonate nanoparticles combined with ammonium polyphosphate in polypropylene was investigated. Reduction in burning rates for 0.5 mm thick samples were observed without appreciable char formation up to 30 wt % loading of additives. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the mixture of CaCO3 and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) showed that calcium carbonate nanoparticles react with ammonium polyphosphate before the degradation of the phosphate chains. TGA–FTIR studies of the polymer composite samples and powder mixtures of the additives confirmed the evolution of ammonia and carbon dioxide due to interaction between the additives. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of chars, obtained after burning the films, showed definite diffraction peaks corresponding to that of calcium metaphosphate. The inert gasses produced by the interaction of the additives hindered the advancing flame and, thus, reduces the burning rates, at times even without char formation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Ligand-associated ERBB2/3 activation confers acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition in FGFR3-dependent cancer cells

Somatic alterations of fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been described in a wide range of malignancies. A number of anti-FGFR therapies are currently under investigation in clinical trials for subjects with FGFR gene amplifications, mutations and translocations. Here, we develop cell line models of acquired resistance to FGFR inhibition by exposure of cell lines harboring FGFR3 gene amplification and translocation to the selective FGFR inhibitor BGJ398 and multitargeted FGFR inhibitor ponatinib. We show that the acquisition of resistance is rapid, reversible and characterized by an epithelial to mesenchymal transition and a switch from dependency on FGFR3 to ERBB family members. Acquired resistance was associated with demonstrable changes in gene expression including increased production of ERBB2/3 ligands, which were sufficient to drive resistance in the setting of FGFR3 dependency but not dependency on other FGFR family members. These data support the concept that activation of ERBB family members is sufficient to bypass dependency on FGFR3 and suggest that concurrent inhibition of these two pathways may be desirable when targeting FGFR3-dependent cancers.
An empirical validation of object-oriented class complexity metrics and their ability to predict error-prone classes in highly iterative, or agile, software: a case study

Empirical studies have shown complexity metrics to be good predictors of testing effort and maintainability in traditional, imperative programming languages. Empirical validation studies have also shown that complexity is a good predictor of initial quality and reliability in object-oriented (OO) software. To date, one of the most empirically validated OO complexity metrics is the Chidamber and Kemerer Weighted Methods in a Class (WMC). However, there are many more OO complexity metrics whose predictive power has not been as extensively explored. In this study, we explore the predictive ability of several complexity-related metrics for OO software that have not been heavily validated. We do this by exploring their ability to measure quality in an evolutionary software process, by correlating these metrics to defect data for six versions of Rhino, an open-source implementation of JavaScript written in Java. Using statistical techniques such as Spearman's correlation, principal component analysis, binary logistic regression models and their respective validations, we show that some lesser known complexity metrics including Michura et al.'s standard deviation method complexity and Etzkorn et al.'s average method complexity are more consistent predictors of OO quality than any variant of the Chidamber and Kemerer WMC metric. We also show that these metrics are useful in identifying fault-prone classes in software developed using highly iterative or agile software development processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde over molybdenum oxide on silica

Abstract Molybdenum oxide supported on high surface area silica was found to be an active, though not a particularly selective catalyst for the partial oxidation of methanol to formaldehyde. Both the activity and selectivity with N2O as the oxidant were considerably less than with O2. This observation suggests that O− ions, derived from N2O, are not involved in the activation of CH3OH, but they may be important in the oxidation of HCHO and CO. The initial activity was greater with the catalyst in a partially reduced state, which lends support to the role of MoIV, as well as MoV and MoVI in the redox cycle. Similarly, it was found that among several unsupported oxides and an oxyhydroxide, Mo2O5 had the greatest activity for the formation of formaldehyde. Kinetic isotope effect studies confirm an earlier observation that the breaking of CH bonds in the methyl group is the slow Step in a Catalytic cycle.
Abstract 4102: Histone deacetylase inhibitor, vorinostat, decreases transcription of survivin and is an enhancer of gemcitabine therapy for resistant pancreatic tumors

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL Introduction: Overall 5-year survival rates of patients with pancreatic cancer remains below 15% due to delay in diagnosis and chemotherapeutic resistance. Combinational therapy has become the mainstay of treatment in patients who have metastatic pancreatic cancer. We hypothesize that 1) vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydoxamic acid), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, will improve efficacy of gemcitabine in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic tumor cells; and 2) vorinostat works through decreasing the transcription inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs). Methods: Six different human pancreatic cell lines were treated with various levels of vorinostat with or without gemcitabine. Viability of tumor cells was determined via MTT assay and cytoplasmic levels of IAPs, including survivin, were analyzed via western blot assay. Real-time RT-PCR was performed on cell lysates to determine changes in survivin gene expression. Results: Combinations of vorinostat with gemcitabine significantly inhibited pancreatic cancer cells growth in vitro when compared with either treatment alone (p<0.05). Screening of IAPs expression in tumor cells after exposure to vorinostat revealed variation of their expression in pancreatic tumor cells except survivin, whose expression declined consistently in all cells after vorinostat treatment. Overall cytoplasmic levels of survivin were seen to decline across all cell lines treated. Real-time RT-PCR showed a decrease in survivin gene expression in all cell lines tested as compared to control. Conclusion: We conclude that 1) vorinostat increases the efficacy of gemcitabine on pancreatic cells; and 2) decline of survivin protein levels in after exposure to vorinostat is due to a decrease in gene transcription and indicates that survivin plays an important role in improving the chemotherapeutic effect of gemcitabine. We are currently conducting in vivo experiments to verify our findings using orthotopic pancreatic tumor animal models. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4102. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4102
Nitric oxide deficiency in sickle red cells is associated with increased cell adhesion to endothelium and vaso-occlusion

Vascular occlusion is the hallmark of sickle cell disease (SCD) and is mediated largely through sickle red blood cell (SSRBC) adherence to the endothelium and SSRBC-induced activation of leukocyte adhesion. While normal RBCs release bioactive derivatives of nitric oxide (NO) in response to hypoxia, leading to vasodilation, SSRBCs are deficient in NO adducts and have reduced ability to induce vasodilation. We show that loading SSRBCs in vitro with NO under hypoxic conditions, followed by reoxygenation, significantly decreased epinephrine-dependent SSRBC adhesion in vitro (p = 0.032). NO-loading of SSRBCs also reduced adhesion to vessel walls and vaso-obstruction observed in vivo through dorsal-skin window chambers in nude mice. Additionally, NO-loading markedly decreased the ability of SSRBCs to activate leukocyte adhesion to endothelial cells in vitro (p = 0.027). Increasing SSRBC bioactive NO content by incubating with the low-mass S-nitrosothiol (SNO) S-nitroso- l -cysteine (SNO-Cys) attenuated the exaggerated pulmonary hypertension seen basally and during hypoxia in SSRBC-perfused lungs, suggesting that SSRBC NO/SNO deficiency may also contribute to SCD lung disease, such as pulmonary hypertension. Furthermore, since transfusion is frequently used in SCD, we studied the effects of stored normal RBCs (SNO-depleted) on SSRBC interactions in vivo. Infusion of stored (32 days) normal, human RBCs failed to prevent SSRBC adhesion and vaso-occlusion. In contrast, NO-loaded stored normal RBCs or fresh normal RBCs reduced SSRBC adhesion to endothelium and abolished frank vaso-occlusion. Our results suggest that abnormal SSRBC NO content and NO/SNO-dependent vasoactivity contribute to the vaso-occlusive pathophysiology of SCD and are potentially amenable to correction by RBC transfusion.
An apparatus to study the collision and coalescence of liquid aerosols

Abstract An apparatus used to study collision and coalescence of liquid aerosols and some of the physical quantities enhancing or hindering these processes is described. The relative trajectories, collision, and coalescence of two oppositely charged water droplets are shown for the droplets approaching at right angles. The droplets were 96 μ and 79 μ in radius and had velocities at impact of 330 cm./sec. and 110 cm./sec., respectively. It was found extremely difficult to make the two droplets collide when both were highly charged with the same sign of charge. However, droplets highly charged with the opposite sign of charge had a high collision rate.
Characteristics of charged networks under an electric stimulus

The electrokinetic phenomena of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid-co-n-butylmethacrylate) were examined to investigate physical changes of the gel under an applied electric current. When an electrical stimulus was applied to a piece of the gel, without being in contact with an electrode, reversible gel bending was observed. The bending degree was directly proportional to the intensity of the applied electric stimulus. This was explained by ‘depletion polarization’ of ionic species under the stimulus. The swelling of the gel surface facing the anode increased, due to the decreased ionic strength of the boundary layer upon electric stimulation, while gel shrinking occurred at the cathode. When the gel is in direct contact with electrodes, deswelling of the gel was observed at the anode side, while water seepage occurred at the cathode side. This observation was attributed to the electro-osmosis inside the gel, combined with local pH changes around the electrodes resulting from electrochemical reactions, particularly water electrolysis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparison of XYZ Model Fitting Functions for 111Cd in In3La

The XYZ model describes the interaction between nuclear probes and an electric field gradient that fluctuates among three orthogonal directions. The model presents a means to calculate the perturbation function that represents spectra obtained using perturbed angular correlation spectroscopy. Three analytic approximations of the perturbation function have been developed previously, and they are evaluated in the present paper in the context of Cd jumping among Inlattice sites in In3La.
Phase synchronization of the ongoing EEG and auditory EP generation

Abstract Objective : We investigated the role of phase synchronization of the spontaneous electroencephalogram (EEG) in auditory evoked potential (EP) generation in a sample of healthy individuals. Methods : Auditory responses were obtained from 20 healthy subjects following a double stimulus paradigm, using two identical tone bursts ( S 1 and S 2) separated by 0.5 s. Single-trial auditory evoked potentials were decomposed into sinusoidal, exponentially decaying/increasing components using the piecewise Prony method (PPM). Pre- and post-stimulus phase histograms were compared to determine the degree of phase synchronization produced by auditory stimulation. Results : Analysis of single responses revealed that the S 1 stimuli produced phase synchronization in the 2–8 Hz frequency range, with little or no concomitant amplitude increase. A significantly reduced phase effect was seen in response to S 2 stimuli. Conclusions : Stimulus-induced phase synchronization of the ongoing EEG is a major mechanism for the generation of auditory EP components with a latency in the 50–250 ms range. Significance : The fact that the EP components accessed here are generated through phase synchronization implies that the ensemble-averaged EP will not resemble the single trial response, and it would certainly be misleading to consider the single trial response as an amplitude-scaled version of the ensemble average.
Nucleotide Capacitance Calculation for DNA Sequencing

Using a first-principles linear response theory, the capacitance of the DNA nucleotides, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine, are calculated. The difference in the capacitance between the nucleotides is studied with respect to conformational distortion. The result suggests that although an alternate current capacitance measurement of a single-stranded DNA chain threaded through a nanogap electrode may not be sufficient to be used as a standalone method for rapid DNA sequencing, the capacitance of the nucleotides should be taken into consideration in any GHz-frequency electric measurements and may also serve as an additional criterion for identifying the DNA sequence.
Procysteine stimulates expression of key anabolic factors and reduces plantaris atrophy in alcohol-fed rats.

Background Long term alcohol ingestion may produce severe oxidant stress and lead to skeletal muscle dysfunction. Emerging evidence has suggested that members of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines play diverse roles in the regulation of skeletal muscle mass. Thus, our goals were (1) to minimize the degree of oxidant stress and attenuate atrophy by supplementing the diets of alcohol-fed rats with the glutathione precursor, procysteine, and (2) to identify the roles of IL-6 family members in alcoholic myopathy.
Comparison of Anglo and Mexican American Male High School Students Classified as Learning Disabilities.

Two groups of 80 Mexican American and Anglo male high school students were administered the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and Wide Range Achievement Test. Hfalf of each ethnic group was classified as learning disabled and half attended regular classes and were included as normal controls. The results of multivariate and univariate analyses of variance revealed significant ethnic differences for Verbal and Full-Scale IQs for both the learning disabled and normals. No significant differences in either Performance IQ or academic performance between Anglo and Mexican American learning disabled were noted, suggesting that differences are due to limited-English proficiency or socio-cultural factors rather than true learning disabilities. Results suggest reconsideration of the classification criteria for learning disabilities, especially when bilingualism and/or minority groups are involved.
A Cauchy problem for the heat equation

Let u(x, t) satisfy the heat equation in 0<x<1, 0<t≤T. Let u(x, 0)=0 for 0<x<1 and let |u(0, t)|<e, | ux(0, t) |<e, and | u(1, t) |<M for 0≤t≤T. Then, $$\left| {u\left( {x, t} \right)} \right|< M_{1^{1 - \beta \left( x \right)\varepsilon \beta \left( x \right)} } $$ , where M1 and β(x) are given explicitly by simple formulas. The application of the a priori bound to obtain error estimates for a numerical solution of the Cauchy problem for the heat equation with u(x, 0)=h(x), u(0, t)=f(t), and ux(0, t)=g(t) is discussed.
Effect of pH on the Biphasic Catalytic Hydrogenation of Benzylidene Acetone Using CpRu(PTA)2H

The hydrogenation of benzylidene acetone has been accomplished under biphasic conditions (water/diethyl ether) utilizing CpRu(PTA)2H as the catalyst under mild conditions. The results show high sel...
A generalized unit system for concise electromagnetic formulation and accurate numerical solutions

We present in this paper a novel generalized unit system (GUS) for electromagnetic formulation and for improving the numerical behavior of the solution procedure by decreasing the condition number of the finite element (FE) matrices. The goal is to express, in the GUS, the governing electromagnetic equations in a form that does not involve any factors such as 4π and those related to the physical properties of vacuum. This goal is achieved by scaling all physical quantities. The scaling factors are not all free parameters, but are constrained by specific relations. We prove that there are only two free parameters, but only one is significant for minimizing the condition number of the FE matrices. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the essential features of the proposed GUS, including the minimization of the condition number.
Trimerization of a Bis-(β-ketophosphonyl)-Metal Complex involving Recyclizations

IT is now well established that the bis-(β-ketoenolato)-metal(II) compounds of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc polymerize to form trimers or tetramers1–5, unless they are prevented from so doing by steric hindrance6–8. Although the structures of these polymers vary considerably, their common feature, and the putative cause of their formation, is the tendency of the metal atom to have a co-ordination number greater than four. This is accomplished by the sharing of some oxygen atoms (bridging atoms in the polymeric structures) between metal atoms.
Magnetic capture hybridization of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis genomic DNA

We hybridized biotinylated probes that anneal at multiple locations throughout the Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) genome to selectively capture Bd genomic DNA (gDNA) by binding the probe-gDNA complex to streptavidin coated magnetic beads. We then whole genome amplified the captured gDNA. This method extends the usefulness of field-collected swabs for downstream PCR-based genomic applications.
Structural properties of a Ca2+-phosphatidic acid complex: small angle X-ray scattering and calorimetric results.

Abstract The structures of Ca 2+ and Cd 2+ complexes with dipalmitoyl- and dimyristoylphosphatidic acids have been investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and small angle X-ray diffraction. The lipids are found to form complexes with Ca 2+ which exhibit no thermal phase transitions between temperatures of 25 and 90°C. Transition enthalpies of residual uncomplexed lipid extrapolate to zero near a 1 : 1 lipid to cation ratio indicating a 1 : 1 complex stoichiometry. Ca 2+ and Cd + complexes appear isomorphous in the X-ray data and show lamellar phases with short repeat distances (51.5 A (5.15 nm) and 58.0 A (5.80 nm) for dimyristoyl and dipalmitoyl homologs, respectively). The data are discussed in terms of structures in which ions bridge phosphates on adjacent bilayers.
Light-independent mechanisms of virion inactivation in coastal marine systems

The hypothesis that specific components of seawater, such as particulate, dissolved and colloidal organic and inorganic material, render virions non-infective has long been postulated, but never rigorously tested. To address this hypothesis, the plaque assay method was used to derive infective decay rates, k, of two bacteriophages—P1 (marine host: PWH3a) and T4 (enteric host: E. coli B). We compared k values of bacteriophage suspended in serial filtrations of seawater, with and without autoclaving and UV oxidation. Both phages exhibited reduced decay rates in particle-free water ( 10 kDa.
Time-Resolved Crystallographic Studies of the Heme Domain of the Oxygen Sensor FixL: Structural Dynamics of Ligand Rebinding and Their Relation to Signal Transduction†,‡

The FixL protein of Bradyrhizobium japonicum is a dimeric oxygen sensor responsible for initiating regulation of transcription of genes encoding proteins involved in nitrogen fixation and oxidative stress. It consists of an N-terminal heme-bound PAS domain, denoted bjFixLH, and a C-terminal histidine kinase domain whose enzymatic activity depends on the ligation state of the heme. To investigate the molecular basis for this dependence and the dynamics associated with conversion between ligated and unligated states, we have conducted time-resolved Laue diffraction studies of CO recombination in bjFixLH. Time-dependent difference Fourier maps from 1 μs to 10 ms after photolysis of the heme−CO bond show movement of the side chain of Leu236 and the H and I β-strands into the ligand binding pocket formerly occupied by CO. Long-range conformational changes are evident in the protein, driven by relaxation of steric interactions between the bound ligand and amino acid side chains and/or changes in heme stereochem...
Responsibility, Incompetence, and Psychopathy

This is the text of The Lindley Lecture for 2013, given by David O. Brink, an American philosopher.
Changes Observed in Views of Nature of Science During a Historically Based Unit

Numerous empirical studies have provided evidence of the effectiveness of an explicit and reflective approach to the learning of issues associated with the nature of science (NOS) (c.f. Abd-El-Khalick and Lederman in J Res Sci Teach 37(10):1057–1095, 2000). This essay reports the results of a mixed-methods association study involving 130 preservice teachers during the course of a three class unit based upon the history of science using such an approach. Within the unit the phenomenon of industrial melanism was presented as a puzzle for students to solve. Students were explicitly asked to reflect upon several NOS issues as they developed and tested their own explanations for the “mystery phenomenon”. NOS views of all participants were characterized by means of surveys and follow-up interviews with a subsample of 17 participants, using a modified version of the VNOS protocol (c.f. Lederman et al. in J Res Sci Teach 39(6):497–521, 2002). An analysis of the survey results informed by the interview data suggests NOS views became more sophisticated for some issues, e.g., whether scientific knowledge requires experimentation; but not others, e.g., why scientists experiment. An examination of the interview data informed by our experiences with the unit provides insight into why the unit may have been more effective with regard to some issues than others. This includes evidence that greater sophistication of some NOS issues was fostered by the use of multiple, contextualized examples. The essay concludes with a discussion of limitations, pedagogical implications, and avenues for further research.
Neonatal lupus syndrome in successive pregnancies

Two female siblings, born 15 months apart, developed neonatal lupus syndrome. Both had cutaneous lupus erythematosus (LE) lesions resolving with telangiectasias. Their cutaneous lesions were temporally related to transplacental passage of anti-SS-A(Ro) autoantibodies from their asymptomatic mother. Infants with this transient collagen vascular syndrome may have LE skin lesions, congenital heart block, and liver or hematologic abnormalities, and are possibly at risk for developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) later in life. It is important to recognize that this syndrome may occur in successive pregnancies.
Fukushima Daiichi: Implications for carbon-free energy, nuclear nonproliferation, and community resilience

Implications of the nuclear power plant accidents at Fukushima Daiichi are explored in this commentary. In addition to questions of nuclear reactor regulatory standards, broader implications on noncarbon-emitting energy production, nuclear nonproliferation objectives, and community resilience and emergency response against catastrophic events are explored. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2011;7:406–408. © 2011 SETAC
Treatment of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer, Stage IIIB: ACCP Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (2nd Edition)

Objective To develop evidence-based guidelines on best available treatment options for patients with stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods A review was conducted of published English-language (abstract or full text) phase II or phase III trials and guidelines from other organizations that address management of the various categories of stage IIIB disease. The literature search was provided by the Duke University Center for Clinical Health Policy Research and supplemented by any additional studies known by the authors. Results Surgery may be indicated for carefully selected patients with T4N0-1M0. Patients with N3 nodal involvement are not considered to be surgical candidates. For individuals with unresectable disease, good performance score, and minimal weight loss, treatment with combined chemoradiotherapy results in better survival than radiotherapy (RT) alone. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy seems to be associated with improved survival compared with sequential chemoradiotherapy. Multiple daily fractions of RT when combined with chemotherapy have not been shown to result in improved survival compared with standard once-daily RT combined with chemotherapy. The optimal chemotherapy agents and the number of cycles of treatment to combine with RT are uncertain. Conclusion Prospective trials are needed to answer important questions, such as the role of induction therapy in patients with potentially resectable stage IIIB disease. Future trials are needed to answer the questions of optimal chemotherapy agents and radiation fractionation schedule. The role of targeted novel agents in combination with chemoradiotherapy is just starting to be investigated.
Connecting software components with declarative glue

We describe Bart, a software bus that addresses the problem of maintaining flexibility in software systems by supporting component independence. Software components can be built to be independent of the context in which they are used, allowing them to be reused in many different situations. Component independence also allows a software system to be extended by adding new components without modifying existing ones. The connections between software compo- nents are described using SCL, a declarative glue language that defines the relationships between data models in different components. This glue language is compiled into an efficient procedural form and, to reduce communication overhead, executed in the process where the data resides. Bart is a software bus that handles message transport, data sharing, and data translation. It operates in a distributed environment and can connect components written in different programming languages. We illustrate Bart by showing how it is used to support a hypertext system.
Automated Assessment of Atrioventricular Conduction in the Heart

After a pacemaker impulse passes along the atrioventricular conducting pathway of the heart, that tissue resists subsequent conduction for a time interval known as the ``effective refractory period.'' Effective refractory period (ERP) and transit time of conducted impulses vary in response to drug, hormonal and electrical influences and may be used as indicators of the immediate physiologic state of intracardiac conduction. The traditional manual technique for measurement of ERP and conduction time consists in repeatedly adjusting a pulse generator until conduction of a stimulus of minimum interval can be observed on a chart recorder or oscilloscope. In contrast to the slow, imprecise and tedious manual method, the automated system described here provides whole graphs of ERP and conduction times as functions of external pacing interval or intervals of induced premature beats with a minimum of operator intervention. Thus, atrioventricular conduction can be conveniently assessed by machine, while the human intellect is freed to dwell on the abstractions of interpreting results and controlling the overall measurement environment.
Classical least squares for quantitative analysis of pharmaceutical solid dosage forms: Part 2–Prediction across a changing sample matrix

P art 1 of this series demonstrated that caution must be exercised in experimental design selection when using Classical Least Squares (CLS) for pharmaceutical applications. An improper experimental design may produce a C matrix that is non-invertible during estimation of Ŝ, rendering CLS inappropriate as an approach for calibration. However, the authors demonstrated how improper experimental designs can be altered to an invertible form by calculating the chemical rank (number of degrees of freedom) of the C matrix using singular value decomposition (SVD). It was also discussed that CLS is generally not applicable for quantitative analysis due to violation of key assumptions of Beer’s Law. The second part of this series will demonstrate how extensions of CLS, specifically prediction augmented CLS (PACLS), can be used for quantitative determination of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a six-component compact system using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A brief description of PACLS will be provided in subsequent sections; for a full description of the PACLS algorithm, the reader is directed to the publication by Haaland and Melgaard.
Component Based Information Network for Computer Security

At California State University Dominguez Hills, the Computer Science Department has created the "Computer Security Research Lab" (CSRL) to research and analyze ways to improve computer security at the network level. JACED is a program that will improve network and computer security. JACED will use data from sensors and mine the information to improve firewalls and detect new attacks. The sensors are equipped with the Snort Intrusion Detection System. Snort will sniff at traffic to detect malicious activity according to snort rules. The alerts generated by snort are stored in a data base, which will be mined using See5. See5 is a data mining tool used to detect patterns and display results as classifiers in rule sets or decision tree. Using this data mining strategy, JACED will try to predict harmful traffic to and from a network and predict new malicious attacks. JACED will then analyze format and sort the rules sets from the data mining results and convert them into firewall rules to prevent attacks.
Outcastes in an "Egalitarian" society: Tamang/Blacksmith relations from Tamang perspective

DOI: 10.3126/opsa.v10i0.1149 Occasional Papers in Sociology and Anthropology Vol.10 2007 p.124-140
Spatial Impacts of Stream and Wetland Restoration on Riparian Soil Properties in the North Carolina Piedmont

Hydric soil development of riparian wetlands is primarily influenced by the hydrologic connection between the floodplains and the stream channel. Often, the goal of riparian restoration is to revitalize this connectivity through a restructuring of the stream channel and the floodplain; however, the effects of this restructuring on the physical and spatial characteristics of soil properties are rarely considered. The objective of this study was to quantify the impacts of restoration efforts on the spatial characteristics of soil properties by means of a pre- and post-restoration comparison. We determined that the spatial patterns of soil organic matter (SOM) and exchangeable phosphorus (Pex) appeared less variable in the years following restoration than in the years before restoration. Mean SOM significantly decreased after restoration, whereas mean Pex significantly increased. The spatial characteristics and mean concentrations of NO2–NO3 did not differ much between sampling dates. The loss of this spatial patterning in SOM and Pex and the decrease in SOM pools may represent negative impacts of restoration on important ecosystem characteristics. This study demonstrates that soil properties and spatial patterns can be negatively affected by restoration activities potentially hindering ecosystem development and function.
Development of Injection System for Medium-Speed Diesel Engine with Quiescent-Type Combustion Chamber

During the development of two- and four-stroke medium-speed diesel engines at Sulzer it was realized that a minimized movement of air before and during combustion improves some of the performance characteristics of highly loaded diesel engines. The paper describes the theoretical considerations behind a new injection system giving a uniform fuel distribution and adequate atomization in an open combustion chamber with minimized air movement. The required high-pressure gradients towards the end of injection increase the danger of mechanical and cavitation attack on injection equipment components. The theoretical work and component design which helped to avoid such attack is discussed. The records obtained with new measuring equipment and some service results will also be shown.
Lumen centerline detection in complex coronary angiograms

The authors have developed a method for lumen centerline detection in individual coronary segments that is based on simultaneous detection of the approximate positions of the left and right coronary borders. This approach emulates that of a clinician who visually identifies the lumen centerline as the midline between the simultaneously-determined left and right borders of the vessel segment of interest. The authors' lumen centerline detection algorithm and 2 conventional centerline detection methods were compared to carefully-defined observer-identified centerlines in 89 complex coronary images. Computer-detected and observer-defined centerlines were objectively compared using 5 indices of center line position and orientation. The quality of centerlines obtained with the new simultaneous border identification approach and the 2 conventional centerline detection methods was also subjectively assessed by an experienced cardiologist who was unaware of the analysis method. The authors' centerline detection method yielded accurate centerlines in the 89 complex images. Moreover, their method outperformed the 2 conventional methods as judged by all 5 objective parameters (p >