cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gastric Infarction in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)

Five cases of gastric infarction were observed in adolescent or adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) over a 20-month period. Gastric infarcts were encountered as striking and unexpected findings at necropsy. Gross and microscopic findings included gastric necrosis, hemorrhage, and edema that involved large areas of the fundus and pylorus. A consistent finding was the presence of thrombi in the gastric microvasculature, particularly in the venous system. All animals had acute clinical episodes with substantial tissue damage resulting from a variety of causes, including trauma, pancreatitis, necrotizing cystitis, and intestinal intussusception. In addition, three animals had microvascular thrombosis in nongastric tissues. Our findings suggest that cynomolgus monkeys may be predisposed to developing gastric infarction under conditions of severe systemic insult that predispose to disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Social–Cognitive Predictors of Low-Income Parents’ Restriction of Screen Time Among Preschool-Aged Children:

Parents' rules regarding child television, DVD, video game, and computer use (screen time) have been associated with lower screen use in children. This study aimed to identify modifiable correlates of this behavior by examining social-cognitive predictors of parents' restriction of child screen time. Low-income parents (N = 147) of preschool-aged children (2-6 years) completed self-administered questionnaires examining parent and child screen time, parent restriction of screen time, self-efficacy to restrict screen time, and beliefs about screen time. Structural equation modeling results indicated that greater self-efficacy to restrict screen time (β = .29, p = .016) and greater perceived importance of restricting child screen use (β = .55, p < .001) were associated with greater restriction of child screen use, after controlling for parent screen time. Family-based interventions that consider broader attitudinal factors around child screen time may be necessary to engage parents in restricting screen use.
Theories of Personality

The Nature of Personality Theory. EMPHASIS ON PSYCHODYNAMICS. Sigmund Freuda s Classical Psychoanalytic Theory. Carl Junga s Analytic Theory. Social Psychological Theories: Adler, Fromm, Horney, and Sullivan. Erik Erikson and Contemporary Psychoanalytic Theory. EMPHASIS ON PERSONALITY STRUCTURE. Henry Murraya s Personology. Gordon Allport and the Individual. Raymond Cattella s Factor--Analytic Trait Theory. Hans Eysencka s Biological Trait Theory. EMPHASIS ON PERCEIVED REALITY. George Kellya s Personal Construct Theory. Carl Rogersa s Person--Centered Theory. EMPHASIS ON LEARNING. B. F. Skinnera s Operant Conditioning. Dollard and Millera s Stimulus--Response Theory. Albert Bandura and Social Learning Theories. PERSPECTIVES AND CONCLUSIONS. Personality Theory in Perspective. References. Photo Credits. Indexes.
Convergence: News Production in a Digital Age:

A paradox of contemporary sociology is that the discipline has largely abandoned the empirical study of journalistic organizations and news institutions at the moment when the media has gained visibility in political, economic, and cultural spheres; when other academic fields have embraced the study of media and society; and when leading sociological theorists have broken from the disciplinary cannon to argue that the media are key actors in modern life. This article examines the point of journalistic production in one major news organization and shows how reportersand editors manage constraints of time, space, and market pressure under regimes of convergence news making. It considers the implications of these conditions for the particular forms of intellectual and cultural labor that journalists produce, drawing connections between the political economy of the journalistic field, the organizational structure of multimedia firms, new communications technologies, and the qualities of content created by med...
The Neurobiology of Noise-Induced Tinnitus

Tinnitus is the perception of an ongoing sound that has no external physical source. It is estimated that approximately 50 million people in the United States experience tinnitus (Tyler 2008). The percentage of patients with noise-induced hearing loss who also have tinnitus has been estimated at 35% (Axelsson and Sandh 1985). The incidence of noise-induced tinnitus (NIT) among people with all forms of tinnitus ranges from 20% to 42% (Axelsson and Barrenas 1992; Kowalska and Sulkowski 2001).
Conductance characteristics of an F/Dx2+y2/Dxy system

Abstract We study the conductance characteristics between a spin-polarized material and a d -wave superconductor containing a {100} ∣ {110} grain boundary perpendicular to the current direction. This FIDI ′ D ′ system exhibits resonant Andreev reflection (AR) at zero bias if F is unpolarized, which means 100% AR for all strength of the barrier I , due to the midgap states at the DID' interface. The results is strongly affected by the spin polarization P in F , which many be useful for measuring P in F .
Periodic units in the intracristal and envelope spaces of neuronal mitochondria. An artifact due to delayed fixation.

Ultrastructural study of the cerebral cortex and spinal anterior horns disclosed periodically repeating processes located in the envelope space or in the intracristal space of neuronal mitochondria. The alteration was observed in postmortem cases in which fixation was delayed either voluntarity or involuntarily, but was not present in postmortem or surgical specimens in which fixation was prompt. The change is interpreted as an artifact due to delayed fixation.
Interpregnancy Interval and Anti-inflammatory Cervical Cytokines among Women with Previous Spontaneous Preterm Birth.

OBJECTIVE Both history of spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) and shorter interpregnancy intervals (IPIs) increase the risk of recurrent sPTB. Mechanisms underlying the association between IPI and recurrent sPTB are unknown. We have previously demonstrated that higher concentrations of cervical anti-inflammatory cytokines are a risk factor for sPTB and upper genital tract inflammation. Here, we examine the association between IPI and cervical anti-inflammatory cytokines among women with previous sPTB. PATIENTS AND METHODS A prospective cohort of 73 women with previous sPTB and cervical interleukins (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13) measured at < 16 weeks. Using the published principal factor analysis, the anti-inflammatory (ANTI) score was calculated. From our previous work, higher ANTI scores increase the subsequent risk of sPTB. IPI was the time from the previous birth to the conception of current pregnancy. Confounders included education level, marital status, gonorrhea, chlamydia, body mass index, race, and cigarette smoking. IPI and ANTI score were analyzed using univariable and multivariable analyses. RESULTS There was a significant negative linear relation between IPI and ANTI score (β = -0.075, p = 0.017). This persisted after adjustment for confounders (p = 0.02). As IPI decreases by 1 month, the ANTI-score-associated risk of sPTB increases approximately by 4%. CONCLUSION Among women with previous sPTB, there was a significant negative linear relation between IPI and ANTI score.
Cerebral, umbilical, and uterine resistance using Doppler velocimetry in postterm pregnancy.

The purpose of this study is to assess alterations in vascular resistance as measured by Doppler ultrasound in the postterm fetus. Forty-five postterm patients (greater than or equal to 287 days gestation by "good" dates) underwent Doppler velocimetry and calculation of systolic to diastolic (S/D) ratios of the umbilical, internal carotid, and uterine artery waveforms within 7 days of delivery. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 consisted of 26 patients with normal antepartum fetal surveillance that included reactive nonstress test and an amniotic fluid index (using the four-quadrant technique) equal to or greater than 5 cm. Group 2 consisted of 19 patients with antepartum compromise on the antepartum fetal surveillance tests. There was significantly greater (p less than .05) morbidity in group 2 compared to group 1 as judged by cesarean section for fetal distress (47% vs 15%), meconium at delivery (53% vs 4%), and 5-minute Apgar score less than 7 (30% vs 4%). There were no significant differences in the umbilical and uterine artery S/D ratios in the two groups, although patients in group 2 had significantly lower cerebral S/D ratios (3.6 +/- .5) compared to group 1 (4.4 +/- 0.4) (p less than .05). The ratio of cerebral to placental (umbilical) resistance in group 2 was significantly lower (1.1 +/- .3) compared to group 1 (1.8 +/- .3) (p less than .05). There was a low incidence of abnormal umbilical (greater than 3) and uterine (greater than 2.6) S/D ratios in both groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effectiveness of disinfection in nurseries and kindergartens of Xicheng District in Beijing

Objective To understand current situation of disinfection in nurseries and kindergartens by supervision on disinfection effectiveness in 37 nurseries and kindergartens in Xicheng District,Beijing,to provide technical support and scientific evidence for relevant sectors to control the occurrence of communicable diseases there.Methods Specimens were collected from the in-door air, surface of articles,toys,tableware and hands of employees,and so on in 37 nurseries and kindergartens for bacteriological examinations,according to the Hygienic Criteria for Disinfection in Hospitals,the Hygienic Criteria for Tableware Disinfection,the Standards for Disinfection Techniques,etc.Results Regular supervision for disinfection effectiveness was conducted in 37 nurseries and kindergartens of Xicheng District,Beijing from January to July in 2008.Totally,684 specimens were collected for bacteriological examinations,with 82.46 percent of them up to the Criteria overall,81.32 percent for the article surface,96.77 percent for in-door air,70.34 percent for employees' hands,85.59 percent for tableware and 46.15 percent for chlorinated disinfectants.Conclusions Effectiveness of disinfection was good,in general,in nurseries and kindergartens in Xicheng District,but some aspects,such as quality of disinfectants and hygiene of the hands of employees,should be improved further.
Harold Jeffreys on J M Keynes's A Treatise on Probability: Overlooking George Boole is a Fatal Error

Harold Jeffreys’ overall assessment of J M Keynes’s A Treatise on Probability, 1921, requires a reader to consider, not only his official review in Nature, 1922, but also the comments in his books, Scientific Inference, 1931 and Theory of Probability, 1939, as well as the second edition of Theory of Probability, 1947. Jeffreys’ problem was that his approach to measurement required that all probabilities had to be measured by a single, precise number .This is tantamount to assuming that Keynes’s weight of the evidence, w, or William Johnson’s worth of the evidence, also denoted by w, are always equal to one. Jefferys obviously did not pick up this concept from his interactions with Johnson, as opposed to Keynes, who not only picked it up, but then connected it to Boole’s earlier logical approach to probability. Boole expressed this concept in terms of interval valued probability. Only if the weight or the worth of the evidence is equal, approaching to, or approximated by 1 will precise numbers be able to measure the probability relation. Jefferys’ failure to connect Boole to Keynes means that Jeffreys never understood what Keynes was doing in his A Treatise on Probability at any time during his life.
Access to New Medications for Hepatitis C for Medicaid Members: A Retrospective Cohort Study

BACKGROUND: Sofosbuvir (SOF)- or simeprevir (SIM)-containing regimens are highly effective for treating chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. These regimens, however, are expensive. Most payers have implemented prior authorization (PA) requirements to ensure that patients who can benefit most have priority for these medications. While many Medicaid programs limit access to those with advanced disease or to members who do not have active substance use disorder (SUD), the Massachusetts Medicaid (MassHealth) Primary Care Clinician (PCC) plan does not limit access based on disease severity or presence of SUD. Evaluating PA requests for SOF and/or SIM among MassHealth members will offer a useful example of early uptake among Medicaid members and will identify patient groups who might face barriers to treatment at the provider or patient level. OBJECTIVES: To (a) evaluate the percentage of MassHealth PCC members with HCV who had a PA request, along with the percentage of requests approved, and (b) identify...
Nonrestricted Forms of Anti-HIV-1 Cytotoxicity

Among the many antiviral immune responses that become apparent following HIV-1 infection are the cytolytic reactivities capable of destroying target cells expressing viral antigens. Since complement-dependent cytolytic antibodies have not been readily demonstrable in the serum of most infected patients [1], the predominant anti-HIV-1 cytolytic reactivities are manifest either as cytotoxic T cell (CTL) lysis or antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicities (ADCC). It is the overall purpose of this chapter to focus on the technical aspects involved in measuring ADCC reactivities in HIV-1-infected individuals. Two different but related forms of ADCC have been identified in infected patients. The first, termed indirect ADCC, is the classical serologic form of ADCC familiar to most researchers that involves the tripartite interactions between patient antibodies, target cells, and normal donor effectors. Indirect ADCC reactivities have been described in association with a number of viral and neoplastic diseases in man and experimental animals. Direct ADCC, termed cell-mediated cytotoxicity or CMC, involves the measurement of the cytolytic activities of patient effector cell populations bearing cytophilic antibodies that direct their lytic specificities. The cytophilic antibodies present on these patient NK/K cells are solely those molecules that bind effectors in situ and are not derived from in vitro antibody arming. This direct form of ADCC is most likely not unique to HIV-1-infected individuals, but is a major component of the antiviral cytolytic response resulting from the high titers of circulating ADCC-directing antibodies elicited in response to HIV-1 infection that are capable of arming NK/K cell effectors in vivo. Thus, the two forms of ADCC reactivity associated with HIV-1 infection reflect two different immunologic manifestations — one a strictly serologic aspect and the other a cellular function in conjunction with cytophilic antibody activity.
Stabilizing the Mixed Lineage Leukemia Protein

The translocation of the gene encoding mixed lineage leukemia with other genes results in chimeric, oncogenic proteins. A recent study shows that stabilization of wild-type MLL (encoded by the untranslocated allele) is an experimental approach to treating leukemia.
Leiomyoma Infarction after Uterine Artery Embolization: Influence of Embolic Agent and Leiomyoma Size and Location on Outcome

Abstract Purpose To study the factors that might impact infarction of individual uterine leiomyomas and total tumor burden after uterine artery embolization (UAE). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 91 patients (mean age, 44 y [range, 34–54 y]) who underwent UAE with tris-acryl gelatin microspheres (TAGMs) or nonspherical polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. Twenty-one patients were treated with PVA (23%) and 70 were treated with TAGMs (77%). A total of 356 uterine leiomyomas were assessed, with a median uterine volume of 533 cm 3 (range, 321–848 cm 3 ). A reader masked to demographic and technical details reviewed contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance images before and 3 months after UAE to estimate the extent of tumor infarction. Results There was no significant difference in global or individual tumor infarction rate between embolizations with TAGMs and PVA particles ( P = .73 and P = .3, respectively). Global infarction was not affected by age ( P = .53), race ( P = .12), number of leiomyomas ( P = .72), or uterine volume ( P = .74). Leiomyoma size did not influence individual tumor infarction ( P = .41). Leiomyoma location was the sole factor that influenced individual tumor infarction rates, with pedunculated serosal tumors significantly less likely to show complete infarction than transmural tumors (odds ratio, 0.24; P = .01). Conclusions Nonspherical PVA particles and TAGMs produce similar rates of uterine leiomyoma infarction. Complete infarction of individual tumors is less likely in serosal and pedunculated serosal tumors.
Model Reference Adaptive Control Based Estimation of Equivalent Resistance and Reactance in Grid-Connected Inverters

The model of a grid-connected inverter used for the corresponding controller design depends on the equivalent resistance and inductance between the inverter and the grid. These parameters are not fixed and change with operating conditions, temperature, and age. This paper analyses the effectiveness of the application of the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) approach in obtaining an accurate model of a grid-connected inverter system. Active and reactive power based MRAC approaches are used to estimate the equivalent resistance and reactance between the inverter and the grid. Detailed stability analysis of the MRAC approach is presented. The system models for the MRAC controller design are derived and guidelines on the controller parameters selection are proposed. Experimental results validate the feasibility of the proposed scheme.
The Errors of Our Ways: Using Metadata Quality Research to Understand Common Error Patterns in the Application of Name Headings

Using data culled during a metadata quality research project for the Social Network and Archival Context (SNAC) project, this article discusses common errors and problems in the use of standardized languages, specifically unambiguous names for persons and corporate bodies. Errors such as misspelling, qualifiers, format, and miss-encoding point to several areas where quality control measures can improve aggregation of data. Results from a large data set indicate that there are predictable problems that can be retrospectively corrected before aggregation. This research looked specifically at name formation and expression in metadata records, but the errors detected could be extended to other controlled vocabularies as well.
The Taiwan Innovation System

Abstract: The Taiwan innovation system is continually contributing to technology-based industrial development in Taiwan. This chapter discusses the most representative characteristics of the innovation system, that is: (1) the Technology Development Program of the Ministry of Economic Affairs illustrating the industry innovation policy; (2) the RD (3) the Hsinchu Science-Based Industrial Park's method of technology commercialization; and (4) the recruitment of overseas experts and the cultivation of talent to supply human resources to academia. Finally, we outline the practical achievements of the formation of the Taiwan integrated circuit industry.
External Otologic Infections

Otitis externa is infection and inflammation involving the external auditory canal and may include the auricle and tympanic membrane. It is characterized by otorrhea, canal inflammation, otalgia, pruritus, tinnitus, and hearing loss. It is frequently caused by acute bacterial infections but can also be attributed to chronic bacterial inflammation, fungal infections, myringitis, or viral infections. The differential diagnosis includes otitis media, malignant otitis externa, neoplasm, and autoimmune or dermatologic conditions. Treatment includes topical medications (e.g., topical antibiotics, antiseptics, corticosteroids), aural toilet, and in some cases surgical debridement. It is important to recognize the underlying diagnosis and common pathogens to appropriately treat the disease. In addition, the integrity of the tympanic membrane must be considered as many topical medications are potentially ototoxic. This chapter reviews the etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of various external otologic infections.
Managing Domestic Violence in Two Urban Police Districts

The author presents findings of a study concerning referrals from two police districts to a demonstration project called Family Options. Demographic characteristics of 1,941 referrals are presented...
HYDROGEN FORMATION FROM WATER BY PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND ARTIFICIAL SYSTEMS

Abstract The feasibility of using photosynthesis, or a modified form thereof, to generate molecular hydrogen (and oxygen) is considered. The process of photosynthesis is carried out by all green plants and algae which absorb and convert solar energy to chemical free energy in a form useful for cellular metabolic reactions. Under natural conditions, the absorption of solar radiation by green plants results in the oxidation of water. The oxygen is released in molecular form and the reducing equivalents, in the form of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), are used for the assimilation of carbon dioxide into cell constituents. It is possible under certain conditions to modify the end result of this type of photochemistry such that molecular hydrogen is evolved in lieu of carbon dioxide assimilation. Under the stimulation of light, the photosynthetic apparatus can provide electrons released from water at a reducing potential more negative than the hydrogen electrode. It is possible, therefore, to couple the reducing potential of these electrons with a hydrogenase enzyme to effect the reduction of hydrogen ions to form hydrogen gas. Hydrogenases are present endogenously in certain algae. Alternatively, the hydrogenase enzyme may have to be provided exogenously from a bacterial source. A particular problem is the need to accomplish the reduction to hydrogen gas in the presence of oxygen, the additional product of water oxidation, because the enzyme system which generates the molecular hydrogen is sensitive to oxygen. The three major aspects of any proposed process of biophotolysis of water which require further elaboration are: (a) the mechanism and efficiency of solar energy conversion by the photosynthetic quantum capture system; (b) approaches to stabilize the photosynthetic energy conversion activities in vitro , i.e., fully or temporarily independent of the living cell; and (c) the mechanism and oxygen-sensitivity of the hydrogenase enzymes.
Insight and Self-Observation: Their Role in the Analysis of the Etiology of Illness

The subheading ‘On Reading Minds,’ is not without risk in a symposium of experts on schizophrenia, particularly if it suggests a cookbook set of directions. However, the way one reads minds is clear; it is similar to the way one reads books. One listens to what someone else has to say and hears what that person has in mind; not everything in his mind, and not necessarily accurately what is in his mind, but something of what he has in mind. This is a wonderful and improbable set of phenomena; that thoughts are quickly transferred back and forth between two organisms in a universe which, at first glance, would not seem to be a likely place for such an occurrence.
Retinoids and the alcohol dehydrogenase gene family.

Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) is best known as the enzyme which catalyzes the reversible oxidation/reduction of ethanol/acetaldehyde. However, mammalian ADH has also been shown to function in vitro as a retinol dehydrogenase in the conversion of retinol (vitamin A alcohol) to retinoic acid, a hormone which regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level. It is clear that retinol must be converted to more active retinoid forms in order to fulfill its roles in growth, development, and cellular differentiation. An important unsolved issue in retinoid research is the control of retinoic acid synthesis from retinol during differentiation. Several enzymes which participate in the conversion of retinol to retinoic acid in vitro have been isolated, but more information on their relative importance is needed.
Protection Against Lethal Haemophilus Pleuropneumonie Infection in Swine by Antibodies to LPS Core Antigens

Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (HP) is the cause of a contagious pneumonia in pigs. The disease is a major problem in the swine industry and is being increasingly diagnosed as a cause of mortality and lowered production. Presently used procedures to control the disease have failed to slow its spread or significantly reduce losses associated with infection. The clinical signs, pathology and immunopathology suggest that bacterial toxins, possibly endotoxin, play a major role in the pathogenesis of the disease (1,12).
Intrusion Detection on Optical Fibers

This chapter discusses an application of the polarization property of light in detecting intrusion on an optical fiber with the objective of stealing information flowing through it. Detection of intrusion, if timely accomplished, will offer an effective means to prevent information from being captured by a malicious agent. The material presented in this chapter is based on the authors’ work previously published in [1].
Association of Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus with decline and death of Chlorella sorokiniana in outdoor reactors

The outdoor ARID raceway was established for optimizing the cultivation of microalgae for biofuel production. During the summers of 2014 and 2015, discoloration was observed in cultures of Chlorella sorokiniana (DOE1412), which shifted from a vibrant green color to yellow, followed by cell clumping, decline in density, and rapid death, resulting in 40–60% reduced biomass production. Total DNA was purified from the raceway samples and subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using degenerate primers that amplify the 16S rRNA gene of eubacteria. BLASTn analysis of the cloned amplicon sequences revealed the presence of the Gram-negative, predatory bacterium, Vampirovibrio chlorellavorus. Scanning electron microscopic examination showed an abundance of coccoid cells, 0.3–0.6 μm in diameter, some of which were attached to C. sorokiniana cells. PCR amplification indicated the presence of V. chlorellavorus in raceway vessels, water lines, connective tubing, and in early, scaled-up DOE1412 cultures used to inoculate the raceway. Based on PCR detection, the decontamination of the equipment and water line with “Wal-Clean” more effectively eliminated V. chlorellavorus and delayed the onset of attack, compared to the chlorine disinfectant, trichloromelamine (TCM). Total DNA was isolated from soil samples collected monthly from the nearby Rillito River during 2014–2015 and subjected to PCR amplification using primers designed to amplify the 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene of V. chlorellavorus and C. sorokiniana, respectively. Results indicated that V. chlorellavorus and Chlorella spp. were present in most of the riverbed samples nearly year round, suggesting a possible naturally occurring reservoir of the predatory bacterium.
Plants in Medicine: An Integrated Lab-Lecture Project for Nonscience Majors.

An integrated lab–lecture project, known as the mini research project, was developed for a medicinal chemistry course for nonscience majors. In the lecture component of this project, students choose a plant essential oil with documented biological activity and prepare a literature review describing the importance, history, and current use of the essential oil as well as identifying the chemical substance responsible for its biological activity. The laboratory component is a four-week experience in which students isolate the essential oil from their chosen plant, analyze its composition by thin-layer chromatography and infrared spectroscopy, and test its antibacterial activity. The objectives of this project are to help students develop the tools to explain structure–function relationships, improve skills in finding sources and evaluating their credibility, and increase student interest and engagement in the lecture and laboratory. Evidence from the final research paper and student surveys indicates that t...
Development and analysis of synoptic evaluation strategy for research platforms for Cochlear Implants and hearing aids

Cochlear Implants—Hearing Aids(CI/HA) offer opportunities for researchers wishing to advance algorithm development, since the existing commercial CIs/HAs are closed/sealed for customization, due to intellectual property and safety requirements. In general, Research Platforms (RPs), such as CCi-MOBILE (developed at CRSS-CILab, UTDallas), emulate the functionality of CIs/HAs, and allow researchers to insert their customized sub-algorithms for either benchtop (soundbooth) or field testing. To date, little formalized studies have explored RP performance effectiveness or a formal safety test paradigm. Here, a two phase comprehensive evaluation strategy is proposed that involves acoustical signal processing and user specified electrical stimulation configuration for CCi-MOBILE. While the full evaluation strategy is tedious (+407 h of audio testing: Acoustical test {380 h}, Stimulation parameter test {27 h}), an agile reduced safety test and researcher performance evaluation paradigm is developed by sub-sampling the comprehensive test and system evaluation parameter space. The synoptic safety and performance evaluation paradigm is evaluated to selectively prioritize test conditions based on: (i) acoustical diversity and electrical current level characteristics and (ii) CI stimulation configuration test conditions using physical limits of RF pulses. The proposed synoptic safety and performance evaluation paradigm is shown to be efficient, effective, and ensures reliability of each potentially deployed RP in the field.
Demonstration that Small Molecules can Bind and Stabilize Low-abundance Short-lived RNA Excited Conformational States

Many promising RNA drug targets have functions that require the formation of RNA-protein complexes, but inhibiting RNA-protein interactions can prove difficult using small molecules. Regulatory RNAs have been shown to transiently form excited conformational states (ESs) that remodel local aspects of secondary structure. In some cases, the ES conformation has been shown to be inactive and to be poorly recognized by protein binding partners. In these cases, specifically targeting and stabilizing the RNA ES using a small molecule provides a rational structure-based strategy for inhibiting RNA activity. However, this requires that a small molecule discriminates between two conformations of the same RNA to preferentially bind and stabilize the short-lived low-abundance ES relative to the long-lived more abundant ground state (GS). Here, we tested the feasibility of this approach by designing a mutant that inverts the conformational equilibrium of the HIV-1 transactivation response element (TAR) RNA, such that the native GS conformation becomes a low-abundance ES. Using this mutant and NMR chemical shift mapping experiments, we show that argininamide, a ligand mimic of TAR's cognate protein binding partner Tat, is able to restore a native-like conformation by preferentially binding and stabilizing the transient and low-populated ES. A synthetic small molecule optimized to bind the TAR GS also partially stabilized the ES, whereas an aminoglycoside molecule that binds RNAs nonspecifically did not preferentially stabilize the ES to a similar extent. These results support the feasibility of inhibiting RNA activity using small molecules that preferentially bind and stabilize the ES.
Primary saturation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl containing fatty acids does not abolish electrophilicity

Metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids results in the formation of hydroxylated fatty acids that can be further oxidized by dehydrogenases, often resulting in the formation of electrophilic, α,β-unsaturated ketone containing fatty acids. As electrophiles are associated with redox signaling, we sought to investigate the metabolism of the oxo-fatty acid products in relation to their double bond architecture. Using an untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry approach, we identified mono- and di-saturated products of the arachidonic acid-derived 11-oxoeicosatetraenoic acid (11-oxoETE) and mono-saturated metabolites of 15-oxoETE and docosahexaenoic acid-derived 17-oxodocosahexaenoinc acid (17-oxoDHA) in both human A549 lung carcinoma and umbilical vein endothelial cells. Notably, mono-saturated oxo-fatty acids maintained their electrophilicity as determined by nucleophilic conjugation to glutathione while a second saturation of 11-oxoETE resulted in a loss of electrophilicity. These results would suggest that prostaglandin reductase (PTGR1), known for its reduction of the α,β-unsaturated double bond, was not responsible for the saturation of oxo-fatty acids. Surprisingly, knockdown of PTGR1 expression by shRNA confirmed its participation in the formation of 15-oxoETE and 17-oxoDHA mono-saturated metabolites. Furthermore, overexpression of PTGR1 in A549 cells increased the rate and total amount of oxo-fatty acid saturation. These findings will further facilitate the study of electrophilic fatty acid metabolism and signaling in the context of inflammatory diseases and cancer where they have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative signaling properties.
Abstract 16294: A Case of Paradoxical Coronary Embolism in a Patient With Undiagnosed Malignancy

Introduction: Coronary embolism is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in comparison with atherosclerotic plaque rupture. We present a case of an inferior ST elevation myocardial infa...
‘Isolation as a Collective Experience’: Museums’ First Responses to COVID-19

This brief essay highlights the major themes of the issue while describing the challenges museums have faced during the COVID-19 epidemic and simultaneous Black Lives Matter movement.
Impact of distance from implant center on mechanical circulatory device patient outcomes.

Objectives Patients on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support receive extensive care and education before discharge home. We investigated the impact of patient's residential distance from LVAD implantation center on outcomes and survival. Methods A total of 214 patients received a LVAD between 2006 and 2018 at our institution. Patient's residential distance from the LVAD implantation center, LVAD complications, hospitalization, and death were recorded. Patients were divided into two groups: patients living less than or equal to 100 miles (Group 1), patients living more than 100 (Group 2). Results A total of 106 patients were assigned to Group 1 and 108 patients were assigned to Group 2. Destination therapy was intended in 20% of patients in Group 1 and 34% in Group 2 (p = .023). Mean length of stay was 13 ± 9 days for Group 1 and 21 ± 12 for Group 2 (p .05) and survival between patients in both groups (p > .05). Conclusions Distance from implanting center had no impact on adverse outcomes after LVAD implantation. There was a significant increase in hospital stay for patients who live far from the implanting center, suggesting that distance should not be a contraindication when considering patients for LVAD therapy, but plans should be made for prolonged hospital stay or extended local stay near the hospital for close follow-up.
Development of thick epsilon-near-zero ITO metafilms for use in metastructure and metasurface devices

We report our development of Indium tin oxide (ITO) films with thicknesses greater than the typical optical telecommunication wavelength bands (~1550 nm) having epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) property at 1550 nm wavelength for the purpose of providing a new ENZ material platform for building high-contrast metastructure and metasurface devices. The films were grown using a high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) tool, which allows for more control over film growth. A post-growth thermal annealing allowed the ITO film to reach the ENZ condition at the desirable wavelength. Our goal is to understand how deposition parameters and post deposition annealing conditions affect the film’s optical properties, therefore obtaining a controllable fabrication process for a desired optical property. Using spectroscopic ellipsometry to characterize the films, we show that the thick ITO films grown with HiPIMS exhibit ENZ behavior after post deposition annealing. The regime in which the material exhibits ENZ behavior is shown to be tunable within the wavelength range of 1500-1650 nm by varying the anneal temperature, anneal time, and oxygen exposure during anneal. In comparison with other thick ITO films grown with conventional pulsed DC magnetron sputtering, the optical constants of HiPIMS ITO films are shown to be much more constant with less variation throughout the bulk of the film. This result shows that these ITO films can be used to design a new family of opto-electronic devices that use ENZ ITO as the low-index base for high-contrast metasurface devices and as cladding for waveguides or optical cavities.
Does the executive labor market discipline? Labor market incentives and earnings management

Abstract This paper investigates the role of outside options in the executive labor market on earnings management decisions. To proxy for executives’ outside options, we use the number of times other firms cite the executive’s firm as a compensation peer. We find that executives with more citations conduct less earnings management. Exploiting the 2006 SEC requirement for compensation peer disclosure as a quasi-natural shock to executives’ awareness of outside options, we show that the executives who should be more responsive to outside options significantly reduce earnings management. Cross-sectional tests support a labor market discipline channel of outside options. Finally, we exploit state-level recognition of Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine and enforcement of non-compete agreements as cross-sectional restrictions on labor mobility and show that the impact of peer citations on reducing earnings management is stronger when there are fewer restrictions on mobility.
On the Health Care Luxury Good Hypothesis

A wide range of research has been developed in the empirical literature regarding income and price elasticities of health care expenditure (HCE). The results are mixed, as researchers employ different methodologies and data sources. The benefits of the panel data method, such as greater data variation, less collinearity, and more degrees of freedom, made it attractive among economists. However, the pooled mean group (PMG) method provides robust estimates compared to conventional methods, such as the mean group estimator and dynamic fixed-effects estimator. As such, this paper applies the PMG method to scrutinize the effect of income and price on U.S. health care consumption using a panel of 46 states. The income and price elasticities were found to be 0.85 and -0.48, respectively, which partially describes the recessionary decline in health care consumption following the Great Recession. In addition, the model reveals that the short-run income elasticity is smaller than the long-run. This confirms that U.S. health care consumption follows the permanent income hypothesis. Consequently, the short-run efficacy of public policies targeting HCE remains limited. The results of this paper suggest reconsidering and adjusting health care policies during a recession so as to avoid probable long-run adverse effects on HCE.
Satiation Preferences -- The Case of Certainty

The standard continuous-time version of discounted utility does not possess the local inter-temporal substitution property (quantities consumed in nearby dates should be close substitutes, not complements), and hence does not define a continuous functional in the space of consumption paths. The literature has proposed one alternative, the durability model. We propose a second alternative, the satiation model. The satiation model builds on the notion that marginal instant utility decreases with recent consumption. We characterize the satiation utility functional in terms of four intuitive properties, and explore its implications. The optimal consumption path for the standard inter-temporal allocation problem involves a mixture of consumption gulps and consumption rates (e.g., an initial gulp, followed by a rate of consumption, and a final gulp).
Limited infection with occult hepatitis B virus in drug users in the USA.

Occult HBV infection (O-HBV) is defined as low level HBV replication in the absence of detectable circulating HBV surface antigen. O-HBV has been implicated in HBV reactivation, advanced liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, reduced interferon response rates, elevated liver enzyme levels, and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, prevalence of O-HBV has not been clearly established in certain at-risk populations, such as injection drug users. Therefore, the current pilot study examined the prevalence of O-HBV in a prospective cohort designed to assess the role of injection and non-injection drug use (IDU) on HIV-associated co-morbidities. Utilizing two distinct real-time PCR assays, HBV DNA was not detected in 99 participants examined. This finding is in contrast to other data from US IDU cohorts and suggests that the prevalence of O-HBV infection is very specific to the cohort studied, is sensitive to other confounding variables such as HCV and/or HIV serostatus, and should not be generalized across risk groups or distinct cohorts.
Incidence of Propionibacterium acnes infection in orthopedic and trauma surgery

Propionibacterium acnes has been associated with late, smoldering and healthcare-associated infections of the shoulder and spine.
Preference and Acceptance of Solids-Enriched Milk in Homes, ,

Abstract Studies were made to determine the acceptability of whole milk enriched with 1% solids-not-fat as compared to market milk. The control product formulations tested were, in percentages, 4.0 fat, 8.5 solids-not-fat, 12.5 total solids, and 3.5 fat, 8.5 solids-not-fat, and 12.0 total solids. The enriched counterparts contained an additional 1% solids-not-fat. A total of 2,165 individual preference observations were made. Of these, 1,151 participants preferred the enriched product, 847 the control, and 167 indicated no preference. Based on a Chi-square analysis, these results indicated a highly significant preference at the P The microbiological keeping quality of both products, control and enriched, was satisfactory.
Radical vulvectomy with use of tensor fascia lata myocutaneous flap

Abstract Described is the treatment of carcinoma of the vulva by means of the tensor fascia lata myocutaneous graft in the resurfacing of the surgical defect of radical vulvectomy and groin node dissection. Its use has been associated with a reduced rate of morbidity and hospital stay (11 days) in patients who undergo this procedure.
Using The Monopoly ® Board Game As An In-Class Economic Simulation In The Introductory Financial Accounting Course

This paper discusses using the Monopoly ® board game as an economic simulation exercise to reinforce an understanding of how the accounting cycle impacts financial statements used to evaluate management performance. This approach uses the rules and strategies of a familiar board game to create a simulation of business and economic realities, which then becomes an effective in-class financial accounting practice set. The unique combination of each player’s skill and luck provides for unlimited outcome possibilities, delivering an interpretive result that cannot be predicted. This provides the students with a sense of ownership and “their own business” activities to record and present in class. While there is a definite lack of control over homework assigned by the instructor, the uniqueness of each Monopoly ® team’s game results requires active engagement in class and individual effort on the assignments outside the classroom. The game establishes a valuable parallel for reality in practicing the financial accounting cycle and emphasizing its use by external parties. Because of the dynamic sense of capturing the “real-time” aspect of the game into finished financial statements for analysis, the students start to sense a greater appreciation for the role that accounting plays in business. This makes the first course in financial accounting move more quickly, and students appear to grasp the nature and purpose of the financial accounting system more readily and actively than with other pedagogical approaches previously used. This tends to offset the generally negative reputation of financial accounting courses on campus and also creates positive buzz about the principles of accounting class for students who must take it as a required course.
Purpose, Practice, and (Discovery) Process: When Self-Reflection Is the Method

This article represents a collection of discoveries influenced by academic mentors, insightful research methods courses, and personal introspection that together demonstrate how I have come to make...
Role of decreased plasma volume in hematocrit alterations during incremental treadmill exercise in horses

Six intact (IN) and six splenectomized (SP) mares were subjected to an incremental exercise test to examine the role of decreases in plasma volume (PV) in the changes in hematocrit (Hct) normally seen with exercise. Each horse underwent an incremental exercise test in which it ran on a treadmill up a fixed incline of 6 degrees. The test started at a speed of 4 m/s, and speed was increased 1 m/s each min until heart rate reached a plateau. Blood samples were obtained at rest and at the end of the 4, 5, 6, and 7 m/s steps of the exercise test. Resting PV was greater (P 0.05) between the groups when IN horses (-13 +/- 3 and -18 +/- 2%) were compared with SP horses (-14 +/- 4 and -17 +/- 4%) at the 6 and 7 m/s steps of the exercise test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Detecting and Correcting Errors in Rapid Aiming Movements: Effects of Movement Time, Distance, and Velocity

According to closed-loop accounts of motor control, movement errors are detected by comparing sensory feedback to an acquired reference state. Differences between the reference state and the movement-produced feedback results in an error signal that serves as a basis for a correction. The main question addressed in the current study was how distance, movement time, and velocity influence both spatial or temporal error detection. Forty college-aged participants (30 women and 10 men) performed rapid aiming movements over 30° or 50° in either 210 ms or 350 ms without vision. The participants verbally estimated the distance moved and the movement time during acquisition before knowledge of results was given and during an immediate retention test without knowledge of results. Spatial and temporal objective-subjective correlations were greater in the 210-ms condition compared to the 350-ms condition, but were not related to movement velocity.
Crisis in Context Theory: An Ecological Model.

This article outlines a theory for understanding the impact of a crisis on individuals and organizations. Crisis in context theory (CCT) is grounded in an ecological model and based on literature in the field of crisis intervention and on personal experiences of the authors. A graphic representation denotes key components and premises of CCT, while a proposed formula summarizes the theory. Recommendations for future research are also included.