cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graphic Novels: A Brief History, Their Use in Business Education, and the Potential for Negotiation Pedagogy

Over an extensive history, graphic novels have developed into a legitimate form of fiction and nonfiction for readers and students. Use of graphic novels in classrooms has proven effective in facilitating learning for students, as a conduit for lifelong reading, a tool for increased comprehension and critical literacy, and a stimulus for interest and comprehension. In applying this to teaching negotiation and conflict management, graphic novels may be effective in engaging students and increasing understanding when terms and concepts are confusing or vague, especially in their differences, and can help students understand the process and outcome of negotiation, both objective and subjective. It is in this way that the use of graphic novels in teaching negotiation and conflict management links to the nexus of research, theory, practice, and pedagogy. The article closes by describing these connections, and offering some suggestions for how to source material and include it in classroom settings.
Effect of refrigerant thermophysical properties on flow reversal in microchannel evaporators

Abstract The amount and frequency of reverse flow in microchannel evaporators largely depends on the thermophysical properties of the working fluid. In this study, four refrigerants (R134a, R1234yf, R245fa and R32) are examined in the same air conditioning system operated under flash gas bypass mode with venting of reversed vapor (to provide better control of the flow). The flow rate and frequency of reversed vapor are measured for each refrigerant. It has been found that fluids with lower heat of vaporization and higher specific volume difference between vapor and liquid phase) tend to generate more reversed vapor flow. Experimental results validate qualitatively and in most cases quantitatively the mechanistic model presented in Li and Hrnjak (2017a). The validated model is used to demonstrate the effects of thermophysical properties on flow reversal for nine widely used refrigerants.
Case Reports of Unsolved Mysteries of Steroid Disorders: 46,XY DSD with One Clue

Abstract A 46,XY DSD is a condition in which a child has a 46,XY genotype but in whom gonadal, or anatomical, sex is atypical. A 46,XY DSD can be caused by multiple etiologies, most commonly involving disruption in both androgen production and/or action.
Does Participation in a Programming Boot Camp Impact Retention of Women in Computing?: (Abstract Only)

While many efforts exist to recruit underrepresented minorities in computing, retention of those that choose the field, still remains a challenge. To retain more women in computing at an open access, baccalaureate degree granting institution, the authors have been hosting a programming boot camp (PBC) for women IT and MIS majors at the institution since May 2014. PBC is a holistic program that focuses on academic preparation, professional development and mentoring. Freshman and sophomore women are invited to participate in this annual PBC each year. While some candidates accept the invitation to participate in the boot camp, some elect not to. The goal of this study is to investigate if participants progress and persist at a different rate than the invited candidates (non-participants) in their chosen field of study. This study compares the academic progression and retention data of candidates vs. participants over a period of three years (2014-2016). The authors look at measures such as current academic status, graduation rates, current (or graduation) major, and completion rates of programming sequence. Preliminary findings indicate that recruitment is a challenge without any incentives for participation. While participation in PBC alone cannot impact retention, this study investigates if students' participation or non-participation can be an indicator of their persistence in their chosen program. This information can be further used to create targeted initiatives meeting students' needs.
A Neural Circuit for the Suppression of Pain by a Competing Need State.

Summary Hunger and pain are two competing signals that individuals must resolve to ensure survival. However, the neural processes that prioritize conflicting survival needs are poorly understood. We discovered that hunger attenuates behavioral responses and affective properties of inflammatory pain without altering acute nociceptive responses. This effect is centrally controlled, as activity in hunger-sensitive agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons abrogates inflammatory pain. Systematic analysis of AgRP projection subpopulations revealed that the neural processing of hunger and inflammatory pain converge in the hindbrain parabrachial nucleus (PBN). Strikingly, activity in AgRP → PBN neurons blocked the behavioral response to inflammatory pain as effectively as hunger or analgesics. The anti-nociceptive effect of hunger is mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling in the PBN. By investigating the intersection between hunger and pain, we have identified a neural circuit that mediates competing survival needs and uncovered NPY Y1 receptor signaling in the PBN as a target for pain suppression.
Optimizing Children's Involvement in Decision Making Requires Moving Beyond the Concept of Ability.

In the target article, “The Default Position: Optimizing Pediatric Participation in Medical Decision Making,” Olszewski and Goldkind (2018) present an important argument concerning involving childr...
Wave propagation in elastic laminates using a multi-continuum theory

A general continuum approach to the dynamical behavior of elastic composites proposed in an earlier paper is specialized to infinitesimal deformations of elastic laminates. A simple procedure is proposed to evaluate the constitutive parameters appropriate to a particular choice of constituents, which is easily generalized to other types of material behavior and composite structure. The resulting theory is then used to investigate the propagation of plane harmonic waves to furnish a basis for comparison with other dynamical treatments of elastic laminates.
Magistrates' Examinations, Police Interrogations, and Miranda-Like Rules in the Nineteenth Century

The New York legislature in the early-nineteenth century began to require interrogators to warn suspects of their right to silence and counsel. The Warren Court, in Miranda v. Arizona, did not invent the language of the warnings; rather, it resurrected the warnings that were no longer given in New York after the latter half of the nineteenth century. The confessions rule, a judicially created rule of evidence much like the modern voluntariness rule, excluded many statements if any threat or inducement was made to the suspect. Courts in the early-nineteenth century, however, were willing to accept confessions notwithstanding an improper inducement if the suspect had been given the now-famous warnings. The warnings remained in place until the newly elected New York judiciary began to retreat from the strict version of the confessions rule that prompted interrogators to give those warnings. The threat of losing statements to the confessions rule was greater than the threat that suspects would exercise the rights of which police advised them - at least until the judiciary substantially weakened the confessions rule.
Publishing a Clinical Trial

Investigators have scientific, ethical, and personal reasons for publishing the results of their clinical trials. The conduct and analysis of the trial should be done in a transparent manner, and the outcomes/endpoints that were determined a priori must be reported, regardless of the results. The conduct and analysis of the trial should be done in a transparent manner and analyses should be done on the outcomes that were decided upon a priori. A number of resources and checklists are available for ensuring all of the necessary components of the write-up are included in the manuscript. The trial results should be published, irrespective of the findings.
Saving the World: Near-Earth Object Chasers

Before the era of CCDs, measuring the positions of new asteroids and comets was a tedious business involving the careful inspection of delicate negatives and time-consuming measurements with a mechanical “measuring engine.” Now, with the appropriate software and a few clicks of the mouse, a precise measurement of the object can be determined with reference to dozens of background stars from the Hubble Guide star catalogue.
Some Principles of Conservation Biology, as They Apply to Environmental Law

Conservation is not as simple today as in the past. One hundred years ago it seemed that if we could just stop the plume hunters from shooting egrets to decorate ladies' hats, and if we could only save a few areas of spectacular scenery in national parks, we were doing well. Somewhat later it became apparent that we had to protect many kinds of habitats (wetlands, grasslands, deserts, forests of all kinds) to save wildlife. To that end, we established a series of reserves including national wildlife refuges, research natural areas, state nature preserves, and private sanctuaries managed by groups such as The Nature Conservancy and National Audubon Society. The tacit assumption was that these little enclaves of nature would persist forever in the stable "climax" condition in which we found them.
Viruses as environmental carcinogens: an agricultural perspective.

Under natural circumstances tumor viruses can be considered as risk factors which in themselves are neither necessary nor sufficient to produce cancer; they may do so, however, if provided with suitable genetic and environmental conditions. It follows that a reduction in amount of virus or other environmental cofactors may prevent the associated tumors. In this paper we will consider four major families of viruses associated with cancer in animals and man, and will highlight the exogenous cofactors and related preventive measures. We will mention those agricultural practices that have resulted in significant economic loss from virus Induced cancer in farm and domestic animals and will summarize some of the occupational hazards from environmental agents other than tumor viruses.
Psychiatry and Postmodern Theory

Psychiatry, as a subspecialty of medicine, is a quintessentially modernist project. Yet across the main campus, throughout the humanities and social sciences, there is increasing postmodern consensus that modernism is a deeply flawed project. Psychiatry, the closest of the medical specialties to the humanities and social sciences, will be the first to encounter postmodern theory. From my reading, psychiatry, though likely defensive at first, will eventually emerge from a postmodern critique, not only intact, but rejuvenated. Postmodern theory, at its best, provides a liberating effect on modernist practices, freeing them from an enslavement to Method and Objectivity in order to allow the more human (all charges of “antihumanism” not withstanding) to emerge as valued and respected. The net result could be the evolution of a new postmodern psychiatry and a new model of medicine which would be much more enjoyable to practice and much more connected to the concerns of patients.
Abstract 3519: Disrupting glutamine metabolism depletes glutathione and sensitizes atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor to carboplatin

Atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors (AT/RT) are the most common malignant brain tumors of infancy. Recent high-throughput molecular analyses identified 3 distinct subgroups of AT/RT. Preliminary studies show that subgroups with elevated MYC expressions are particularly aggressive, with 18.5% 5-year survival. MYC is challenging to directly target, but MYC increases tumor cells9 reliance on glutamine for their metabolic demands. We hypothesize that MYC-driven ATRT can be targeted by inhibiting glutamine metabolism. 6-Diazo-5-oxo L-norleucine (DON) is a glutamine analogue that was well tolerated in a phase I pediatric clinical trial, but DON has never been tested in MYC-driven pediatric tumors. Approximately 1/3 of human AT/RT express high MYC protein (immunohistochemistry for c-MYC expression on 22 human AT/RT, H-score > 1 standard deviation over the median for high c-MYC expression). DON slows cell growth and induces apoptosis in high MYC-expressing AT/RT while low MYC-expressing cells are resistant (MTS assay and Western blot for c-PARP, respectively). Transducing low MYC-expressing cell lines with lentivirus with MYC plasmid to force MYC expression confers sensitivity to DON therapy (decreased cell growth per MTS assay, increased apoptosis per Western for c-PARP). DON administered intraperitoneally 30mg/kg weekly nearly doubles median survival in orthotopic xenograft models of AT/RT (p Citation Format: Sabrina Z. Wang, Brad Poore, Jesse Alt, Rana Rais, Sariah Allen, Brent Orr, Barbara Slusher, Charles Eberhart, Eric Raabe, Jeffrey Rubens. Disrupting glutamine metabolism depletes glutathione and sensitizes atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor to carboplatin [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3519.
Dynamics and Determinants of HPV Infection: The Michigan HPV and Oropharyngeal Cancer (M-HOC) Study.

Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the primary cause of cervical and other anogenital cancers and is also associated with head and neck cancers. Incidence of HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell cancers (OPSCCs) is increasing, and HPV-related OPSCCs have surpassed cervical cancer as the most common HPV-related cancer in the USA. Given the multisite nature of HPV, there is strong interest in collecting data from both genital and oral sites, as well as associated data on social and sexual behaviours. The overarching goal of this study is to evaluate patterns of oral HPV infection incidence, clearance and persistence and their relationship to sexual behaviour history. Methods and analysis Participants are recruited from two populations: college students at a large public university and general population from the surrounding area. At the first study visit, participants complete a detailed sexual history, health and behaviour questionnaire. Follow-up visits occur every 3–4 months over 3 years, when participants complete an abbreviated questionnaire. All participants provide a saliva sample at each visit, and eligible participants may provide a cervicovaginal self-swab. Genetic material isolated from specimens is tested for 15 high-risk and 3 low-risk HPV types. Statistical analyses will examine outcome variables including HPV prevalence, incidence, persistence and clearance. Logistic regression models will be used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between the outcomes of interest and demographic/behavioural variables collected in the questionnaires. The longitudinal HPV infection data and detailed sexual history data collected in the questionnaires will allow us to develop individual-based network models of HPV transmission and will be used to parameterise multiscale models of HPV-related OPSC carcinogenesis. Ethics and dissemination This study has been approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Review Board. All participants are consented in person by trained study staff. Study results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications.
Development of experimental procedures to analyze copper agglomerate stability

The efficiency of heap leaching is reduced by poor solution flow characteristics (i.e., channeling and ponding) that result from fines migration. Agglomeration of the ore can immobilize fines, but for agglomeration to be successful in copper leaching, an acid-resistant binder is needed to stabilize the agglomerates. Until now, there has not been a satisfactory method to evaluate whether a binder was effective, other than squeezing a handful to see if it “feels right.” This paper reports on several procedures that have been developed to quantitatively determine whether a binder gives good performance in an acidic solution. These procedures have been used to identify binders that would be suitable for copper heap leaching.
Critical Care Nursing of the Adult with Congenital Heart Disease

Currently, pediatric intensive care nurses are being expected to care for more adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) patients than ever. It is therefore essential that intensive care nurses prepare for the challenges in managing these patients. A thorough preoperative preparation must be completed prior to the ACHD patient’s admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) to facilitate efficient nursing interventions during the postoperative period. Furthermore, a full psychosocial and neurodevelopment assessment can identify psychological stressors that may impact recovery and extend hospitalization. Many factors and comorbidities can affect the postoperative recovery for the ACHD patients. The pediatric ICU nurse must remain diligent and prevent complications from occurring to promote the best possible outcomes.
Hazard function exploration of tokamak tearing mode stability boundaries

Abstract The technical feasibility of hazard function learning and exploration on multi-scenario tokamak plasma time-series datasets is demonstrated. In particular, the onset intensity (events per time) of born-rotating tearing mode instabilities in DIII-D tokamak plasmas is modeled as a function (the hazard) of gross plasma equilibrium covariates. It is shown that the hazard function is calibrated in a precise probabilistic sense. Partial dependence visualizations of this function suggest that the approach can be developed into powerful tokamak database query software geared towards physics discovery.
Remineralization of demineralized dentin using a dual analog system.

Author(s): Saxena, Neha; Habelitz, Stefan; Marshall, Grayson W; Gower, Laurie B | Abstract: ObjectiveImproved methods are needed to remineralize dentin caries in order to promote conservation of dentin tissue and minimize the surgical interventions that are currently required for clinical treatment. Here, we test the hypothesis that bulk substrates can be effectively mineralized via a dual analog system proposed by others, using a tripolyphosphate (TPP) "templating analog" and a poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) or poly(aspartic acid) (pAsp) "sequestration analog," the latter of which generates the polymer-induced liquid-precursor (PILP) mineralization process studied in our laboratory.Material a methodsDemineralized human dentin slices were remineralized with and without pre-treatment with TPP, using either PAA or pAsp as the PILP process-directing agent. A control experiment with no polymer present was used for comparison.ResultsNo mineralization was observed in any of the PAA groups. In both the pAsp and no polymer groups, TPP inhibited mineralization on the surfaces of the specimens but promoted mineralization within the interiors. Pre-treatment with TPP enhanced overall mineralization of the pAsp group. However, when analysed via TEM, regions with little mineral were still present.ConclusionPoly(acrylic acid) was unable to remineralize demineralized dentin slices under the conditions employed, even when pre-treated with TPP. However, pre-treatment with TPP enhanced overall mineralization of specimens that were PILP-remineralized using pAsp.
Eosinophilic Esophagitis Is Rarely Continually Symptomatic 10 Years After an Initial Treatment Course in Adults

Despite its initial description over 25 years ago, there is little known about the course of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) after an initial course of medical or dietary treatment. We aim to assess the long-term symptomology and quality of life (QoL) metrics in patients 10 years after initial treatment for eosinophilic esophagitis. Inclusion criteria: single center study of EoE patients diagnosed over 10 years ago with completion of an 18-question structured telephone interview. A cohort of patient’s prospectively underwent an esophageal barium exam, esophageal sponge cytology, and evaluation by a esophagologist at greater than 10 years’ time since original diagnosis. A total of 54 patients were included in the study. The average age at follow-up was 55.0, with the majority male (64.8%). At the original diagnosis, 62.9% and 37.0% were initially treated with topical steroids and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), respectively,compared to 59.3% and 7.4% after 10 years, and 7.4% of patients reported a history of dilatations. Only 11.8% noted avoidance of trigger foods, with 62.7% noting an unlimited diet without caution. QoL decrease secondary to EoE was noted to be trivial to minimal in 56.9% of patients, mild in 19.6%, moderate in 15.7% and severe in 7.8%. In the prospective follow-up cohort, the results of telephone survey results matched the direct physician-obtained interview in 88% of cases. Ten years after diagnosis, treated EoE is rarely continually symptomatic, requires mainly PPI-based therapies and is associated with a minimal decrease in QoL scores.
The Nature of the Banda Arc-Continent Collision in the Timor Region

The active Banda arc–continent collision (Banda Orogen) provides many new constraints for resolving long-standing issues about the formative stages of collision. Some of these issues include evidence for trench retreat and subduction erosion, depth of continental subduction, emplacement and demise of forearc basement, relative amounts of uplift due to crustal and lithospheric processes, influence of inherited structure and lower plate heterogeneities, orogenic wedge taper adjustments, partitioning of strain, melange development, plate motion versus structural geometry, erosional and extensional exhumation, continental contamination and accretion of volcanic arcs, slab tear, subduction polarity reversal and along strike tectonic variation.
Association of socioeconomic disparities with underutilization of palliative care in patients with metastatic foregut cancer.

502Background: Metastatic foregut cancers (MFC) are frequently associated with debilitating symptoms that have significant negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Palliative care (PC) is effe...
Practical investigation of direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry for fast screening of explosives

Abstract While the direct analysis in real time ionization coupled with mass spectrometry (DART-MS) is viable for the screening of trace explosives, a comprehensive evaluation is needed before its implementation in practice. This work has investigated the effectiveness and limitations of different DART-MS modules for the high-throughput and sensitive detection of nineteen organic explosive residues in four different categories deposited on several substrates. The Quickstrip method was used to optimize DART gas heater temperature as well as dopants. Four sample introducing strategies for DART-MS including transmission, thermal desorption, closed mesh, and direct-insert methods were implemented to analyze liquid and dried samples deposited on different substrates (e.g., fabric, leather, metal, plastic, and synthetic skin). It was found that representative explosives from each category could be detected with nanogram sensitivity and in less than 10 s. Therefore, DART-MS could provide prompt analysis of explosives for forensic applications.
Association of Anesthesia Type with Outcomes after Outpatient Brachiocephalic Arteriovenous Fistula Creation.

Background Brachiocephalic arteriovenous fistulas (BCFs) are commonly placed in outpatient settings. The impact of general anesthesia (GA), regional anesthesia (RA), or local anesthesia (LA) on perioperative recovery and fistula maturation/patency after outpatient BCF creations is unknown. We evaluated whether outcomes of outpatient BCF creations vary based on anesthesia modality. Methods The Vascular Quality Initiative (2011–2018) national database was queried for outpatient BCF creations. Anesthesia modalities included GA, RA, and LA. Perioperative, 3-month, and 1-year outcomes were compared between GA versus RA/LA anesthesia types. Results Among 3,527 outpatient BCF creations, anesthesia types were GA in 1,043 (29.6%), RA in 1,150 (32.6%), and LA in 1,334 (37.8%). Patients receiving GA were more often younger, obese, Medicaid recipients, without coronary artery disease, and treated in non–office-based settings (P Conclusions Compared with RA/LA use, GA use in patients undergoing outpatient BCF creations was associated with increased hospital admissions, decreased access utilization at 3 months, and similar 1-year access occlusion and reintervention. RA/LA is preferable to expedite recovery and access utilization.
Transport of explosive chemicals in fire-Affected hawaiian topsoil

Abstract Several areas in Hawaii have background concentrations of unexploded ordnance (UXO) as a consequence of past and current military training. The presence of UXO and the release of their che...
Probabilistic Analysis of Dams; Examples

This chapter will present two classes of advanced analysis of dams. In the first one, thirteen case studies based on probabilistic concepts are presented. They are followed by four additional ones based on machine learning. Uncertainties considered are material properties, dam geometry and ground motion record-to-record variability.
Detection of suspected carcinogen azo dyes in textiles using thermogravimetric analysis

Textiles that are in direct contact with human skin are problematic due to the possibility of transferring the dyes or their aromatic amine metabolites through direct contact. 18 samples of women underwear panties of different colors and fabrics materials were examined for their content of azo dyes using thermogravimetric-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TGA-GCMS) technique. The nature of fabrics (cotton, nylon, and polyesters) was identified based on their unique thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) pattern. Aromatic amines produced from thermal degradation of the samples were identified using NIST mass spectra data base. Aniline was found in all samples regardless of their color or fabric composition. Black cotton textiles were characterized by the presence of diaminobenzene, red cotton sample showed the presence of 4-amino-3-nitrobenzene-1-sulfonic acid, blue cotton sample showed the presence of chlorobenzenediamine and chloroaniline, and purple cotton textiles showed the presence of 4-nitroaniline. All four purple nylon samples contained nitroaniline and biphenylamine, the three red nylon samples contained nitroaniline and methyldihydro-thiadiazole, the two pink samples showed the presence of chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl) anilinechloro- benzenediamine, the purple polyethylene sample show the presence of diphenyldiazene, and the brown polyester sample showed the presence of 2-amino-1,4-phenylene) dimethanol.[Formula: see text].
Modular Connector for Resilient Grid-Shell Structures

AbstractIn the design, fabrication, and erection of grid shells, a major challenge is the nodal connector between members. Designers typically select a structure’s form and then design the nodal co...
Source and Fate of Inorganic Soil Contamination Around the Abandoned Phillips Sulfide Mine, Hudson Highlands, New York

The abandoned Phillips sulfide mine in the critical Highlands watershed in New York has been shown to produce strongly acidic mine drainage (AMD) with anomalous metal contaminants in first-order streams that exceeded local water standards by up to several orders of magnitude (Gilchrist et al., 2009). The metal-sulfide-rich tailings also produce contaminated soils with pH < 4, organic matter < 2.5% and trace metals sequestered in soil oxides. A geochemical transect to test worst-case soil contamination showed that Cr, Co and Ni correlated positively with Mn, (r = 0.72, r = 0.89, r = 0.80, respectively), suggesting Mn-oxide sequestration and that Cu and Pb correlated with Fe (r = 0.76, r = 0.83, respectively), suggesting sequestration in goethite. Ubiquitous, yellow coating on the mine wastes, including jarosite and goethite, is a carrier of the metals. Geochemical and μ-SXRF analyses determined Cu to be the major soil contaminant. μ-SXRF also demonstrated that the heterogeneous nature of the soil chemistry...
Designing Hope: Rationales of Mixed-Income Housing Policy

ABSTRACT:Rationales used to legitimize forced dispersal and mixed-income housing policies are socially constructed based on assumptions about concentrated poverty. This study evaluates qualitative data on public housing residents who were in the process of being dispersed as part of a HOPE VI program in order to examine their thoughts about their original home and neighborhood. Residents’ thoughts about their neighborhood are compared to policy rationales. Results indicate that current policy rationales are mostly in line with the goals and motivation of the city but are largely incongruent with the perceptions residents have of their pre-relocation home and neighborhood. The article concludes with policy recommendations for increasing and incorporating residents’ views into policy design.
Friction Stir Scribe Welding of Dissimilar Aluminum to Steel Lap Joints

The use of dissimilar material combinations such as aluminum to steel has been increasing in automobile and aerospace industries due to its potential for energy savings. Achieving an acceptable joint quality with fusion welding can be problematic due to the significant differences in physical and thermal properties between materials. One alternative to conventional fusion welding is friction stir scribe welding and because of the nature of the process, it can be a viable option for joining dissimilar metal combinations. The primary emphasis of this work is to investigate the feasibility of using FSS welding as a possible option for joining 1.0 mm thick 6022 aluminum to 0.7mm electro galvanized steel sheets in a dissimilar lap weld configuration. An H13 steel pin tool featuring a tungsten carbide scribe insert was used. An investigation on the optimum size of the scribe insert was conducted to evaluate the effects of microstructure and mechanical properties.
Incremental quantification and the dynamics of pair-list phenomena

Distributive universals are unique among natural language quantifiers in the following three ways: (i) matrix interrogatives that contain them accept pair-list answers; (ii) indefinites and disjunctions in their scope may assume arbitrary functional readings; and (iii) they permit sentence-internal interpretations of a wide range of comparative adjectives, like "new" and "different". Because other quantifiers in the same environments do not give rise to these interpretations, the constructions provide a window into the semantic processes that underlie quantificational distributivity. In fact, both pair-list and internal readings have been independently argued to expose some of the compositional clockwork behind universal quantification, but the mechanisms they have been taken to reveal are entirely distinct. In contrast, I propose to explain pair-list phenomena, including a class of functional readings not previously recognized as such, and internal readings of comparative adjectives as two sides of the same coin; they are both side effects of incremental quantification . To make this precise, I analyze distributive universal quantifiers in terms of iterated, incremental update, in effect generalizing the sequential conjunction operator of standard dynamic semantics. I argue that this approach captures the tight empirical connection between pair-lists and internal adjectives, and at the same time provides a simpler and more robust account of the data than the specialized alternatives. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/sp.8.9 BibTeX info
Incorporating User Preferences in Multimedia Queries

In a multimedia database system, queries may be fuzzy: thus, the answer to a query such as (Color=‘red’) may not be 0 (false) or 1 (true), but instead a number between 0 and 1. A conjunction, such as (Color=‘red’) ∧ (Sound=‘loud’), is evaluated by first evaluating the individual conjuncts and then combining the answers by some scoring function. Typical scoring functions include the min (the standard scoring function for the conjunction in fuzzy logic) and the average. We address the question of how to permit the user to weight the importance of atomic subformulas. In particular, we give a semantics for permitting non-uniform weights, by giving an explicit formula (that is based on the underlying scoring function). This semantics permits an efficient implementation with a low database access cost in a multimedia database system in important cases of interest.
The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis, edited by John P. Koval, Larry Bennett, Michael I. J. Bennett, Fassil Demissie, Roberta Garner, and Kiljoong Kim

CONTENTS The New Chicago: A Social and Cultural Analysis, edited by John P. Koval, Larry Bennett, Michael I. J. Bennett, Fassil Demissie, Roberta Garner, and Kiljoong Kim. Review by Joseph Persky 656 Reining in the Competition for Capital, edited by Ann Markusen. Review by Edward Coulson 658 Labor Movement: How Migration Regulates Labor Markets, by Harald Bauder. Review by Oded Stark 660 Supply Chain Network Economics: Dynamics of Prices, Flows and Profits, by Anna Nagurney. Review by Terry L. Friesz 663 The Economic Geography of Innovation, edited by Karen R. Polenske. Review by Todd Gabe 664 Economics of Rural Land-Use Change, edited by Kathleen P. Bell, Kevin J. Boyle, and Jonathan Rubin. Review by John F. McDonald ........ 666 Rebuilding Urban Places After Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina, edited by Eugenie L. Birch and Susan M. Wachter. Review by Susan L. Cutter 667 Women and Change at the U.S.-Mexico Border: Mobility, Labor, and Activism, edited by Doreen J. Mattingly and Ellen R. Hansen. Review by Chang-Hee Christine Bae 670 Welfare Reform in Persistent Rural Poverty: Dreams, Disenchantments, and Diversity, by Kathleen Pickering, Mark H. Harvey, Gene F. Summers, and David Mishinski. Review by Alexander Marre 671 Economic Turbulence: Is a Volatile Economy Good for America?, by Clair Brown, John Haltiwanger, and Julia Lane. Review by Mitch Renkow 673 Social Capital in the Knowledge Economy: Theory and Empirics, by Hans Westlund. Review by Howard Stafford and Risto Laulajainen... 675 Living Standards and the Wealth of Nations: Successes and Failures in Real Convergence, edited by Leszek Balcerowicz and Stanley Fischer. Review by Miguel D. Ramirez 677 Saving Puget Sound: A Conservation Strategy for the 21st Century, by John Lombard. Review by Kai N. Lee 681 Building Knowledge Regions in North America: Emerging Technology Innovation Poles, by Leonel Corona, Jerome Doutriaux, and Sarfraz A. Milan. Review by Peter L. Stenberg 683 Visualizing the Invisible: Towards an Urban Space, edited by Stephen Read and Camilo Panilla. Review by Ted Rutland 685
Ulcerative colitis with hypopotassemia.

Summary A case of severe ulcerative colitis is presented in which potassium deficiencywas one of the principal features. This resulted in low serum-potassium values and characteristic electrocardiographic findings. The clinical disturbances associated with the potassium deficiency are described. The degree of abdominal distention and ileus which complicated the course of the illness, and the mental changes with which it was associated, were apparently related to the depletion of the body potassium. Potassium replacement therapy and return of the serum potassium level to normal were followed by marked improvement of the patient, correction of the ileus, and disappearance of the mental disturbances. The events that occurred in this patient emphasize the need for careful observation of serum potassium levels while treating patients with severe ulcerative
Medicine, Morality, and Mortality: The Challenges of Moral Diversity

This issue of The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy assesses the deep and abiding tensions that exist among the competing epistemic perspectives that bear on medicine and morality. Concepts of health and disease, as well as the theoretical framing of medical ethics and health care policy, intersect with an overlapping set of culturally situated communities (scientific, political, moral, and religious), striving to understand and manipulate the world in ways that each finds explanatory, appropriate, or otherwise befitting. The articles explore the complexities of framing public health care policy to guide bioethical decision making in the face of the plurality of ethical viewpoints and moral rationalities--including health enhancing supplements, continuous sedation until death, medical futility, the protection of vulnerable populations, and competing professional obligations.
Forty years' experience with artificial pneumothorax.

It Is obviously impossible to compress into 20 minutes 40 years experience with a medical subject as vital as artificial pneumothorax and about which there have developed over the years so many controversial views. I shall therefore only endeavor to state briefly my own views arrived at from experience in treating tuberculosis, before and since artificial pneumothorax was Introduced. From 1905 until the advent of relaxation therapy I walked the wards of White Haven Sanatorium, the Henry Phipps Institute and the Tuberculosis Division of the Jewish Hospital and helplessly watched most of the unfortunate victims of this dread disease slowly and inevitably waste, burn up and die. It was this feeling of helplessness and riding in the face of certain defeat which stimulated my interest in a report by Forhanini of 25 cases treated by artificial pneumothorax published in 1906. My first pneumothorax was administered in 1908 on a patient in the White Haven Sanatorium. This was the first attempt at treating tuberculosis by artificial pneumothorax in Pennsylvania. The technique described by ForlaninI was followed. I had to build my own apparatus, There was no x-ray or fluoroscopic equipment. The patient was a young man named Cohen. He developed a pneumonic spread to the contralateral lung and died but we had no necropsy. My second attempt was in 1910-shortly after the Eagleville Sanatorium was opened. From 1910 until 1919 about 20 patIents were treated with two deaths from air embolism. Still no x-ray machine or fluoroscope was available, but I did abandon the Floyd Robinson trocar and cannula. In 1923 we got an x-ray apparatus; a year later a fluoroscope was purchased and this marked the dawn of a new era for me. It wasn’t until then that I had the vaguest notion of what a lung looked like under pneumothorax treatment. Lungs appeared like sausages pressed up against the mediastlnum. Airless lungs, the
Isotopic effects in the energy spectrum of molecules sputtered from carbon

Abstract We investigate the translational and rovibrational energy spectra of sputtered molecules resulting from bombardment of hydrogen-supersaturated carbon by hydrogen isotopes H, D, and T at energies of 1–20 eV using classical molecular dynamics simulations. The chemical erosion yields and mass spectra of sputtered molecules are found to be quite sensitive to the isotope mass of the impinging projectiles. However, the mean translational and rovibrational energies of the sputtered molecules are found to be nearly mass independent especially near the sputtering thresholds.
Establishing a Pilot Surveillance System for Venous Thromboembolism.

The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center is collaborating with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to establish a pilot system for Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). We describe the features of this surveillance system that will improve the data quality and thus produce more reliable estimates of VTE disease burden in the U.S. In addition, we share lessons learned regarding how to implement a future scaled-up version of a national surveillance system for VTE.
Interactions of neutral phosphonate esters with metal halides

Abstract Interaction of diisopropyl methylphosphonate with trivalent metal chlorides at 50–200°C leads to the formation of tris-(isopropoxy methylphosphonato) metal complexes. Tetravalent metal chlorides yield under similar conditions bis-(methylphosphonato) complexes. During these reactions isopropyl chloride is evolved, which is partially decomposed to hydrogen chloride and propene by the catalytic action of the complex metal chloride residue. The general insolubility and the magnetic properties of the new complexes are suggestive of polynuclear configurations, involving eight-membered phosphonate bridges and, possibly, four-membered chelate rings. A distorted O h ligand-field symmetry is assigned to the metal ions.
Vasopressin Proves Es-sense-tial: Vasopressin and the Modulation of Sensory Processing in Mammals.

As mammals develop, they encounter increasing social complexity in the surrounding world. In order to survive, mammals must show appropriate behaviors toward their mates, offspring, and same-sex conspecifics. Although the behavioral effects of the neuropeptide arginine vasopressin (AVP) have been studied in a variety of social contexts, the effects of this neuropeptide on multimodal sensory processing has received less attention. AVP is widely distributed through sensory regions of the brain and has been demonstrated to modulate olfactory, auditory, gustatory, and visual processing. Here we review the evidence linking AVP to the processing of social stimuli in sensory regions of the brain and explore how sensory processing can shape behavioral responses to these stimuli. In addition, we address the interplay between hormonal and neural AVP in regulating sensory processing of social cues. Because AVP pathways show plasticity during development, early life experiences may shape life-long processing of sensory information. Furthermore, disorders of social behavior such as autism and schizophrenia that have been linked with AVP also have been linked with dysfunctions in sensory processing. Together, these studies suggest that AVP’s diversity of effects on social behavior across a variety of mammalian species may result from the effects of this neuropeptide on sensory processing.
Fringe-free, background-free, collinear third-harmonic generation frequency-resolved optical gating measurements for multiphoton microscopy

A background-free, fringe-free form of frequency-resolved optical gating using the third-harmonic signal generated from a glass coverslip is used to characterize 100 fs pulses at the focus of a 0.65 NA objective.
Radioprotection provides functional mechanics but delays healing of irradiated tendon allografts after ACL reconstruction in sheep

Successful protection of tissue properties against ionizing radiation effects could allow its use for terminal sterilization of musculoskeletal allografts. In this study we functionally evaluate Achilles tendon allografts processed with a previously developed radioprotective treatment based on (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide) crosslinking and free radical scavenging using ascorbate and riboflavin, for ovine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction was performed using double looped allografts, while comparing radioprotected irradiated and fresh frozen allografts after 12 and 24 weeks post-implantation, and to control irradiated grafts after 12 weeks. Radioprotection was successful at preserving early subfailure mechanical properties comparable to fresh frozen allografts. Twelve week graft stiffness and anterior-tibial (A-T) translation for radioprotected and fresh frozen allografts were comparable at 30 % of native stiffness, and 4.6 and 5 times native A-T translation, respectively. Fresh frozen allograft possessed the greatest 24 week peak load at 840 N and stiffness at 177 N/mm. Histological evidence suggested a delay in tendon to bone healing for radioprotected allografts, which was reflected in mechanical properties. There was no evidence that radioprotective treatment inhibited intra-articular graft healing. This specific radioprotective method cannot be recommended for ACL reconstruction allografts, and data suggest that future efforts to improve allograft sterilization procedures should focus on modifying or eliminating the pre-crosslinking procedure.
Immunosuppression by avirulent, pseudohyphal forms of Cryptococcus neoformans.

Our previous reports have shown that animals inoculated for 8 weeks with 1 × 105 pseudohyphal, avirulentC. neoformans exhibited prolonged survival upon challenge with virulent cryptococci. This paper described a transient phase of immunosuppression which occurs during the initial weeks of the immunization protocol. Animals injected with pseudohyphal organisms had depressed responses to T and B-cell mitogens. In addition, they had lowered responses to immunization with sheep erythrocytes. Both humoral and cell mediated responses were affected.
Plasmid presence changes the relative levels of many host cell proteins and ribosome components in recombinant Escherichia coli

Relative levels of many individual proteins in Escherichia coli HB101 strains with 0, 37, 56, and 240 plasmids per chromosome were determined by computer image analysis of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns. The plasmids investigated had very similar sequences except for small domains encoding the repressor of plasmid replication. At the intermediate plasmid copy number of 56, levels of several of the TCA cycle enzymes (oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, succinate thiokinase, and succinate dehydrogenase) as well as in aspartate transcarbamoylase increased. At a plasmid copy number of 240, higher amounts of PEP carboxylase as well as several of the heat shock proteins were observed. Furthermore, at high plasmid levels, significant decreases occurred in growth rate, pyruvate kinase I, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, unadenylated glutamine synthetase, aspartate transcarbamoylase as well as in several of the proteins involved in translation. Decreases in ribosome content as well as in the free 30S and 50S ribosomal subunit pool fractions were also observed in separate analyses. These results indicate that recombinant DNA manipulations can cause major alterations in numerous host cell properties which could significantly influence cloned protein production or metabolic engineering endeavors.
HOST DISCRIMINATION BY HYPOSOTER EXIGUAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)

Host discrimination by Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck) was investigated, using Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) as a host in the presence and absence of host food. Forty-six percent of the parasite females tested exhibited ovipositional patterns significantly different from a random distribution. Of these, 82% showed patterns ranging from near perfect to slight discrimination. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG WIRTSUNTERSCHEIDUNG DURCH HYPOSOTER EXIGUAE (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE) In seiner Arbeit uber die Biologie von H. exiguae berichtet Puttler, das Weibchen dieser Art offensichtlich nicht zwischen parasitierten und nichtparasitierten Wirtslarven unterscheiden konnen. Im Verlauf unserer Arbeiten uber H. exiguae ergab sich, das einige Weibchen doch zwischen solchen Larven Unterschiede machen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung legt quantitativ fur Individuen und Gruppen den Grad der Unterscheidung fest. H. exiguae-Weibchen wurden zu 22–28 Raupen (spates erstes bis fruhes zweites Stadium) von Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) gebracht, mit und ohne Wirtsnahrung, fur verschiedene Zeitraume. Nach der Exposition wurden die Wirtsraupen in 70% Alkohol abgetotet, seziert und die Zahl der Parasiteneier in jeder Raupe ermittelt. Die tatsachliche Verteilung der Parasiteneier wurde verglichen mit der theoretischen Zufalls-(Poisson-)verteilung, bei Anwendung der χ2-Analyse. Von 24 getesteten Weibchen zeigten 11 ein Eiablageverteilungsmuster, das von der Zufallsverteilung abwich, meist im Sinne einer Ablehnung von schon parasitierten Wirten.