cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Population Genetic Structure and Diversity of the Invasive Island Apple Snail Pomacea maculata (Perry, 1810) in South Carolina and Georgia

Population genetics is a valuable tool in understanding various aspects of biological invasions, such as pathways of invasions, predicting invasion success, and determining dispersal capabilities. The island apple snail (Pomacea maculata), which is native to South America, is an invasive gastropod currently established in several southeastern states in the United States, including South Carolina and Georgia. Despite its known negative impacts in invaded regions, knowledge of P. maculata specific to South Carolina is limited, and an in-depth analysis of the population genetic structure of P. maculata in South Carolina and Georgia has not been conducted. The present study aimed to genetically characterize P. maculata individuals from three locations in South Carolina and five locations in Georgia using a suite of 14 microsatellite markers. Population genetic structure was determined using pairwise FST comparisons, isolation by distance analysis, and a likelihood-based approach. Genetic diversity indices, effective population size, inbreeding coefficients, and Garza–Williamson indices, which is the mean ratio of number of alleles to the range in allele size in a population and can be used to detect recent reductions in population size, were all calculated. Significant genetic structure was observed in all sampling locations, apart from the two sites in Kingsland, GA; a weak correlation was found between genetic distance and geographic distance across all the sites; and genetic diversity was low across all loci at the eight sites. Garza–Williamson indices all showed likely recent reductions in population size. These results indicate that the populations in South Carolina and Georgia were probably the result of separate introduction events and that these populations are genetically isolated. The low genetic diversity observed could indicate that these populations are susceptible to eradication efforts and/or stochastic environmental changes.
Modern Aspects of High Pressure Chemistry

Modern aspects of high pressure chemistry and closely related disciplines are discussed. Atomic and molecular phenomena are emphasized.
Controlling magnetism of Au 133 (TBBT) 52 nanoclusters at single electron level and implication for nonmetal to metal transition

The transition from the discrete, excitonic state to the continuous, metallic state in thiolate-protected gold nanoclusters is of fundamental interest and has attracted significant efforts in recent research. Compared with optical and electronic transition behavior, the transition in magnetism from the atomic gold paramagnetism (Au 6s1) to the band behavior is less studied. In this work, the magnetic properties of 1.7 nm [Au133(TBBT)52]0 nanoclusters (where TBBT = 4-tert-butylbenzenethiolate) with 81 nominal “valence electrons” are investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Quantitative EPR analysis shows that each cluster possesses one unpaired electron (spin), indicating that the electrons fill into discrete orbitals instead of a continuous band, for that one electron in the band would give a much smaller magnetic moment. Therefore, [Au133(TBBT)52]0 possesses a nonmetallic electronic structure. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the unpaired spin can be removed by oxidizing [Au133(TBBT)52]0 to [Au133(TBBT)52]+ and the nanocluster transforms from paramagnetism to diamagnetism accordingly. The UV-vis absorption spectra remain the same in the process of single-electron loss or addition. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is applied to probe the charge and magnetic states of Au133(TBBT)52, and the chemical shifts of 52 surface TBBT ligands are found to be affected by the spin in the gold core. The NMR spectrum of Au133(TBBT)52 shows a 13-fold splitting with 4-fold degeneracy of 52 TBBT ligands, which are correlated to the quasi-D2 symmetry of the ligand shell. Overall, this work provides important insights into the electronic structure of Au133(TBBT)52 by combining EPR, optical and NMR studies, which will pave the way for further understanding of the transition behavior in metal nanoclusters.
Phenomenology of counterfactual thinking is dampened in anxious individuals.

Counterfactual thinking (CFT), or simulating alternative versions of occurred events, is a common psychological strategy people use to process events in their lives. However, CFT is also a core com...
Comparative evaluation of clinical findings and prognostic outcome parameters in hospitalized, critically ill neonatal foals and crias.

OBJECTIVE Species-related differences in the prevalence, manifestation, and outcome of neonatal illness may impact management practices of neonatal intensive care. The study aimed to elucidate similarities between disease manifestations and mortality risks of critically ill (CI) neonatal crias and foals admitted to the same referral center. DESIGN A comparative, retrospective cohort evaluation of two species (camelid and equine). SETTING The study was conducted in a University hospital. ANIMALS Two hundred and forty-six CI neonatal crias (January 1999 to May 2016) and 356 neonatal foals (February 2001 to May 2016) under 4-week-old were admitted to a university hospital. INTERVENTION All data are presented descriptively and compared between groups using univariate and multivariate analyses. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Female crias (142/246, 57.7%) were significantly overrepresented in comparison to fillies (132/352, 37.5%). Congenital defects and transfer failure of passive immunity were more often observed in neonatal crias, while colic, diarrhea, patent urachus, septic arthritis, and omphalitis were significantly more common in CI foals. Overall survival to discharge (excluding fatal congenital defects) was comparable between crias (174/224; 77.8%) and foals (287/347, 82.1%), while crias (26/48; 54.2%) were more likely than foals (21/60; 35%) to die naturally than undergo euthanasia. Lower respiratory disease and indications for oxygen or IV glucose support increased mortality in the multivariate outcome models of both species. Species-specific adaptations of pediatric diagnostic criteria for sepsis were significantly associated with mortality in the multivariate analysis of patients with complete hematological datasets. However, the diagnosis of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) did not retain statistical significance as an independent outcome predictor. CONCLUSIONS Lower respiratory disease and oxygen or glucose dysregulation increased mortality irrespective of species. However, despite species-specific differences in disease prevalence, the success of intensive care management was comparable.
Pre-Hospital Administration of Opioids in Trauma Patients: Is Dose Associated With Outcomes?

Abstract Background Opioids are commonly used as an analgesic agent in the prehospital setting. Current efforts to prevent and control prescription opioid overuse are focused on the in-hospital and post-discharge phases. The aim of our study was to assess the associations between pre-hospital opioids use and in-hospital outcomes among trauma patients. Methods We performed a 2 year (2016-2017) retrospective analysis of our Level-I trauma center database. We included all adult trauma patients (age > 18y) who received pre-hospital opioids (Fentanyl (F) or Morphine-Sulfate (MS)). Outcome measures were emergency-department (ED) hypotension (SPB Results In total, 709 patients were included in the analysis. Cutoff values of 200 mcg F and 15 mg MS were significantly associated with adverse outcomes. Overall, the ED hypotension rate was 14.4%, ED intubation rate was 6%, and ED mortality rate was 3.1%. On regression analysis, higher dosages of both pre-hospital F and pre-hospital MS were independently associated with increased odds of ED hypotension, ED intubation, and discharge on opioid medications, but not with ED mortality. Conclusion Pre-hospital administration of high dose opioids is associated with increased odds of adverse outcomes. Collaborative efforts to standardize and control the overuse of opioids should target the pre-hospital setting to limit opioid associated adverse effects.
Understanding the Delivery of Patient-Centered Survivorship Care Planning: An Exploratory Interview Study With Complex Cancer Survivors.

Introduction:Understanding key elements of the survivorship care planning process, such as patient-centered communication (PCC) and health self-efficacy, are critical for delivering patient-centere...
Exhaled nitric oxide detection for diagnosis of COVID-19 in critically ill patients.

Background COVID-19 may present with a variety of clinical syndromes, however, the upper airway and the lower respiratory tract are the principle sites of infection. Previous work on respiratory viral infections demonstrated that airway inflammation results in the release of volatile organic compounds as well as nitric oxide. The detection of these gases from patients’ exhaled breath offers a novel potential diagnostic target for COVID-19 that would offer real-time screening of patients for COVID-19 infection. Methods and findings We present here a breath tester utilizing a catalytically active material, which allows for the temporal manifestation of the gaseous biomarkers’ interactions with the sensor, thus giving a distinct breath print of the disease. A total of 46 Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation participated in the study, 23 with active COVID-19 respiratory infection and 23 non-COVID-19 controls. Exhaled breath bags were collected on ICU days 1, 3, 7, and 10 or until liberation from mechanical ventilation. The breathalyzer detected high exhaled nitric oxide (NO) concentration with a distinctive pattern for patients with active COVID-19 pneumonia. The COVID-19 “breath print” has the pattern of the small Greek letter omega (). The “breath print” identified patients with COVID-19 pneumonia with 88% accuracy upon their admission to the ICU. Furthermore, the sensitivity index of the breath print (which scales with the concentration of the key biomarker ammonia) appears to correlate with duration of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions The implication of this breath tester technology for the rapid screening for COVID-19 and potentially detection of other infectious diseases in the future.
Maximum Entropy and Acausal Processes: Astrophysical Applications and Challenges

In Newtonian physics, if we know the state of the world at some moment of time, then we can precisely predict the state of the world at all future times. In this sense, Newtonian physics is deterministic. In modern physics (starting with quantum mechanics), theories are usually non-deterministic in the sense that even if we know exactly the initial state of the world, we cannot uniquely predict the future state of the world. In quantum mechanics (and in most modern quantum-based physical theories), the best we can get is probabilities of different future states. In this sense, in the majority of modern physical theories, uncertainty is of statistical nature.
A subspace approach to high-resolution spectroscopic imaging

Purpose To accelerate spectroscopic imaging using sparse sampling of -space and subspace (or low-rank) modeling to enable high-resolution metabolic imaging with good signal-to-noise ratio. Methods The proposed method, called SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation, exploits a unique property known as partial separability of spectroscopic signals. This property indicates that high-dimensional spectroscopic signals reside in a very low-dimensional subspace and enables special data acquisition and image reconstruction strategies to be used to obtain high-resolution spatiospectral distributions with good signal-to-noise ratio. More specifically, a hybrid chemical shift imaging/echo-planar spectroscopic imaging pulse sequence is proposed for sparse sampling of -space, and a low-rank model-based algorithm is proposed for subspace estimation and image reconstruction from sparse data with the capability to incorporate prior information and field inhomogeneity correction. Results The performance of the proposed method has been evaluated using both computer simulations and phantom studies, which produced very encouraging results. For two-dimensional spectroscopic imaging experiments on a metabolite phantom, a factor of 10 acceleration was achieved with a minimal loss in signal-to-noise ratio compared to the long chemical shift imaging experiments and with a significant gain in signal-to-noise ratio compared to the accelerated echo-planar spectroscopic imaging experiments. Conclusion The proposed method, SPectroscopic Imaging by exploiting spatiospectral CorrElation, is able to significantly accelerate spectroscopic imaging experiments, making high-resolution metabolic imaging possible. Magn Reson Med 71:1349–1357, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Temporal trends in energy intake in the United States: an ecologic perspective

Background The causes of recent increases in the prevalence of overweight in the United States are perplexing because national survey data do not show clear patterns of change in energy intake or expenditure. Objective Ecologic data regarding the quantities and types of foods and nutrients available in the United States between 1970 and 1998 were reviewed to provide an alternative perspective on trends in energy intake. Design Literature searches in agriculture, business, and medical library databases were conducted to identify data regarding the quantities and types of foods and nutrients available in the United States between 1970 and 1998. Results Per capita energy availability estimates from the US Department of Agriculture, US Food Supply Series, indicate that energy availability increased by 15% between 1970 and 1994. Data regarding trends in food purchasing and preparation suggest that Americans are eating more meals outside the home, relying more heavily on convenience foods, and consuming larger food portions. Americans appear, in some cases, to be selecting lower-fat foods over higher-fat alternatives. In addition, availability and sales of reduced-energy and reduced-fat products have increased. Conclusion Consistent with trends in overweight, most of the ecologic data reviewed suggest that energy intake has increased over the past several decades and is likely a major contributor to increases in average body weight.
Russian Talk: Culture and Conversation during Perestroika

Russian Talk: Culture and Conversation during Perestroika. Nancy Ries. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1997.220 pp.
Rate and diel periodicity of pheromone emission from female gypsy moths, (Lymantria dispar) determined with a glass-adsorption collection system

Abstract The rate of pheromone emission from wild and laboratory-reared gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) virgin females was determined with an all-glass aeration apparatus. This device incorporated a bed of 1-mm glass beads to extract entrained pheromone from the air flowing over the protruded gland. The temporal pattern of emission was established by monitoring individual females after eclosion for 24 consecutive 2-hr intervals. At a constant 24°C, both wild and laboratory females exhibited a similar diel periodicity of pheromone emission. The mean release rate increased after onset of photophase, generally attained maximal levels between 1600 and 2200 hr and declined during scotophase. Pheromone was released continuously and the mean daily emission increased with age for both wild and laboratory moths. The mean emission rate over the 48-hr monitoring interval was 15.4 ng 2 hr for wild females vs 14.7 ng 2 hr for laboratory moths. The peak emission from 2-day-old laboratory moths was ca. 28 ng 2 hr compared with the ca. 25 ng 2 hr released by their wild counterparts. The calling periodicity of laboratory females was determined at a constant 24°C and under a natural temperature rhythm. At 24°C, the proportion of females calling exceeded 45% throughout the diel period, whereas under the temperature rhythm, calling was virtually eliminated by temperatures below 15°C, indicating that temperature acts as an exogenous cue to modify the expression of the calling rhythm and thus potentially the periodicity of pheromone emission.
Quantum Yields for CO(2) Uptake in C(3) and C(4) Plants: Dependence on Temperature, CO(2), and O(2) Concentration.

The quantum yields of C3 and C4 plants from a number of genera and families as well as from ecologically diverse habitats were measured in normal air of 21% O2 and in 2% O2. At 30 C, the quantum yields of C3 plants averaged 0.0524 ± 0.0014 mol CO2/absorbed einstein and 0.0733 ± 0.0008 mol CO2/absorbed einstein under 21 and 2% O2. At 30 C, the quantum yields of C4 plants averaged 0.0534 ± 0.0009 mol CO2/absorbed einstein and 0.0538 ± 0.0011 mol CO2/absorbed einstein under 21 and 2% O2. At 21% O2, the quantum yield of a C3 plant is shown to be strongly dependent on both the intercellular CO2 concentration and leaf temperature. The quantum yield of a C4 plant, which is independent of the intercellular CO2 concentration, is shown to be independent of leaf temperature over the ranges measured. The changes in the quantum yields of C3 plants are due to changes in the O2 inhibition. The evolutionary significance of the CO2 dependence of the quantum yield in C3 plants and the ecological significance of the temperature effects on the quantum yields of C3 and C4 plants are discussed.
Research Thrusts in Small Firm Strategic Planning

Viewed historically, strategic planning research in small firms has emerged sporadically rather than in clear research tracks. This paper reviews over 50 planning-related studies from small firm settings. Four major research thrusts are identified from this literature. Key issues and findings associated with each thrust are summarized, and future research guidelines are derived.
Sub-regional Co-operation in Eastern India and Bangladesh Prospects, Problems and Policies

The basic premise of an efficient global market is the smooth flow of goods, services, technology and people across borders. This calls for a removal of barriers and reduction in transaction costs for such flows. It is therefore ironic that in a rapidly globalising world economy there are contiguous regions sharing the same geography that have some of the highest barriers and transaction costs, thereby preventing efficient regional market integration. One prime example of such a region, and the subject of this analysis, is Eastern India–Bangladesh (henceforth EIB) sub-region, which occupies the eastern part of the Indian subcontinent.Appropriate investment in infrastructure (roads, warehousing and inland waterways) and technology can go a long way in ameliorating transaction costs of trading across borders. Technology solutions addressing the problems of Trade Facilitation include Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) between customs facilities within the country and across borders, identification numbers, ba...
Predicting emotional concomitants of learned helplessness: The role of motivational orientation

Previous theoretical and empirical analyses indicate that an extrinsic motivational orientation, i.e., performing activities to please others or concern with criticism, predicts the cognitive and behavioral deficits associated with learned helplessness. Conversely, intrinsically motivated students, who perform activities for the inherent pleasure of mastery over challenge, have been shown to be virtually resilient to successive failure experiences and even show a facilitation effect. However, research has not yet addressed the extent to which motivational orientation predicts the emotional deficits associated with helplessness—namely, depression and a maladaptive attributional style. Furthermore, no research has examined the relative predictability of these variables to investigate subjects' feelings after an experimental manipulation of failure. The present research found support for the proposition that an extrinsic motivational orientation predicts depression and the Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire. More importantly, our findings demonstrated that an extrinsic motivational orientation was a more reliable predictor of subjects' feelings after a failure manipulation than either depression or a maladaptive attributional style. These findings are discussed in light of intervention strategies to attenuate the development of an extrinsic motivational orientation in students.
Symbolic description of intracerebral vessels segmented from magnetic resonance angiograms and evaluation by comparison with X-ray angiograms

Abstract We describe and evaluate methods that create detailed vessel trees by linking vessels that have been segmented from magnetic resonance angiograms (MRA). The tree-definition process can automatically exclude erroneous vessel segmentations. The parent–child connectivity information provided by our vessel trees is important to both surgical planning and to guidance of endovascular procedures. We evaluated the branch connection accuracy of our 3D vessel trees by asking two neuroradiologists to evaluate 140 parent–child connections comprising seven vascular trees against 17 digital subtraction angiography (DSA) views. Each reviewer rated each connection as (1) Correct, (2) Incorrect, (3) Partially correct (a minor error without clinical significance), or (4) Indeterminate. Analysis was summarized for each evaluator by calculating 95% confidence intervals for both the proportion completely correct and the proportion clinically acceptable (completely or partially correct). In order to protect the overall Type I error rate, alpha-splitting was done using a top down strategy. We additionally evaluated segmentation completeness by examining each slice in 11 MRA datasets in order to determine unlabeled vessels identifiable in cross-section following segmentation. Results indicate that only one vascular parent–child connection was judged incorrect by both reviewers. MRA segmentations appeared complete within MRA resolution limits. We conclude that our methods permit creation of detailed vascular trees from segmented 3D image data. We review the literature and compare other approaches to our own. We provide examples of clinically useful visualizations enabled by our methodology and taken from a visualization program now in clinical use.
Dynamic Hubbard model.

The Hubbard on-site repulsion $U$ between opposite spin electrons on the same atomic orbital is widely regarded to be the most important source of electronic correlation in solids. Here we extend the Hubbard model to account for the fact that the experimentally measured atomic $U$ is different from the one obtained by calculation of the atomic Coulomb integral. The resulting model describes quasiparticles that become increasingly dressed as the number of electrons in the band increases. Superconductivity can result in this model through quasiparticle undressing. Various signatures of this physics in spectroscopies in the normal and superconducting states are discussed. A novel effect in the normal state is predicted to be electroluminescence at the sample-positive counterelectrode boundary.
Business Analytics Curriculum for Undergraduate Majors

Analytics has become a new source of competitive advantage for many corporations. Today's work force therefore must be cognizant of its power and value to effectively perform their jobs. In this paper, we define the appropriate skill level and breadth of knowledge required for business school graduates to be successful. An undergraduate course of study in analytics is proposed for students with average to above-average analytical skills. Implementation guidelines are also addressed to ensure a successful program.
Stochastic models of HIV epidemic in homosexual populations-the effects of mixing patterns

Extending my previous work [1-3], in this paper I proceed to develop a stochastic model for HIV epidemic in a homosexual population under general conditions. Through computer generated data, I assess various deterministic models as compared with the expected numbers of the stochastic models. It is shown that different mixing patterns have significant impacts on the HIV epidemic except possibly restricted mixing. Thus, in populations with preferred mixing (mixing proportion less than 1) and with proportional mixing, the numbers of S people, L people, I people and A people differ significantly from the corresponding expected numbers of the stochastic models. For the L people, I people and A people, the numbers of the deterministic models first appear to be smaller and later appear to be larger than the corresponding mean numbers of the stochastic models, indicating that while in the short run the deterministic models would underestimate the true numbers, in the long run the deterministic models would overestimate the true numbers.
Heng Xian and the Problem of Studying Looted Artifacts

Heng Xian is a previously unknown text reconstructed by Chinese scholars out of a group of more than 1,200 inscribed bamboo strips purchased by the Shanghai Museum on the Hong Kong antiquities market in 1994. The strips have all been assigned an approximate date of 300 B.C.E., and Heng Xian allegedly consists of thirteen of them, but each proposed arrangement of the strips is marred by unlikely textual transitions. The most plausible hypothesis is one that Chinese scholars do not appear to take seriously: that we are missing one or more strips. The paper concludes with a discussion of the hazards of studying unprovenanced artifacts that have appeared during China’s recent looting spree. I believe the time has come for scholars to ask themselves whether their work indirectly abets this destruction of knowledge.
Beyond the commodity metaphor: Examining emotional and symbolic attachment to place

Abstract In contrast to the dominant multiattribute commodity view of outdoor recreation settings, wilderness users are described as having emotional and symbolic ties to the setting that are manifested as attachment to the site and the wilderness concept. Data from four wilderness areas show stronger place and wilderness attachment to be associated with previous visits, rural residence, a setting (as opposed to activity or group) focus, visiting alone and on weekdays, hunting in the area, and sensitivity to site impacts and horse encounters. Place attachment is also associated with a lack of nonwilderness substitutes and lower income and education. Wilderness attachment is associated with membership in wilderness and conservation organizations, visits to more wilderness areas, a preference for longer visits, participation in nature study, and sensitivity to sight and sound intrusions and hiker encounters. The importance of understanding emotional and symbolic values of natural resources is discussed in r...
Magnetohydrodynamic species separation in a gaseous nuclear rocket

This analytical study deals with the possibility of steady flow separation of U 235 from hydrogen by magnetohydrodynamically spinning the fluid in a cylindrical vortex A gaseous nuclear rocket configuration is described and its model analyzed The hydromagnetic equations are solved for the velocity distribution, pressure field, concentration of uranium and hydrogen, electrical power required, and dissipation rates as a function of Hartmann number and radial Reynold's number Some properties of a hydrogen plasma at a temperature of 1 ev are presented and potential rocket performance given
Identification and cDNA cloning of a novel human mosaic protein, LGN, based on interaction with Gαi2

Abstract We have used the yeast two-hybrid system to identify proteins that interact with the α-subunit of the heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein, Gi2. We screened a human B cell cDNA library with full-length Gαi2 and isolated four positive colonies, one of which expressed the 44-kDa COOH terminus of a previously unrecognized 677-amino acid (aa) protein. A full-length clone was isolated from a HeLa cell cDNA library. The deduced protein contains 10 Leu-Gly-Asn repeats, and thus we named it LGN. Computer analysis indicates that LGN is a mosaic protein with seven repeated sequences of about 40 aa in length at its N-terminal end, and four repeated sequences of about 34 aa at its C-terminal end. Each of the two repeat regions shows substantial similarity to proteins found in other organisms. RT-PCR analysis of human tissues showed that the mRNA of LGN was ubiquitously expressed. The specificity of interaction between Gαi2 and LGN was confirmed by an in vitro binding assay using recombinant proteins. These data indicate that the yeast two-hybrid system can identify novel proteins, such as LGN, that interact with Gα proteins. As a mosaic protein, LGN shows similarity with portions of proteins from many species and thus may define a new protein family.
Syntheses, X-ray Crystal Structures, and Solution Behavior of Monomeric, Cationic, Two-Coordinate Gold(I) π-Alkene Complexes

Treatment of a suspension of (IPr)AuCl [IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidine] and AgSbF6 (1:1) with isobutylene at room temperature for 12 h led to isolation of [(NHC)Au(η2-H2C═CMe2)]+ SbF6− (1a) in 98% yield, which was characterized by spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. A number of cationic gold π-alkene complexes were isolated employing a procedure similar to that used to isolate 1a, two of which were analyzed by X-ray crystallography. Spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and alkene binding studies were in accord with a gold−(π-alkene) interaction dominated by σ-donation from the alkene to gold.
Baby Talk Speech to the Elderly Complexity and Content of Messages

Previous research has documented the use of speech to institutionalized elderly adults that has the prosodic features (high and variable pitch) of baby talk speech and that communicates positive affect. This study investigated the complexity and verbal content of baby talk speech to the aged. Average sentence length was measured for speech to care receivers in baby talk (B T) and not in baby talk (NBT), and in speech between caregivers (CG). Additionally, judges sorted BT and NBT sentences into message categories. CG was found to be significantly longer than BT and NBT, with equivocal evidence for BT being shorter than NET, which were not reliably different. BT directed at the elderly appears to have co-occurring verbal and nonverbal communicative components, and the verbal content suggests that it may have some functional similarity to speech to children. NBT was hypothesized to be an "institutional"speech type related to the ecology of the nursing home.
Experimental demonstration of a conformal mantle cloak for radio-waves

We present the first experimental realization and verification of a stand-alone 3D mantle cloak designed to suppress the total scattering of a finite-length dielectric rod. Mantle cloaking has been theoretically proposed as a convenient way to realize ultralow-profile, conformal covers to achieve complete camouflaging, transparency and non-invasive near-field sensing. After theoretically analyzing, designing and realizing a mantle cloak working for all polarizations and incidence angles, we have conducted an extensive campaign of near-field and far-field free-space measurements verifying strong suppression of scattering in all directions and over a relative broad bandwidth. The measured results agree well with analytical theory and full-wave simulations.
Navigating the African Diaspora: The Anthropology of Invisibility

Donald Martin Carter, Navigating the African Diaspora: The Anthropology of Invisibility Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2010, 384pp., $30.00 pb. (ISBN 978-0-8166-4778-1) Representations...
Analysis of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine by gas chromatography.

Abstract A gas chromatographic (glc) procedure was developed for determination of hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine in the presence of other amino acids. Amino acids were converted to their N -heptafluorobutyryl n -propyl ester derivatives and separated on a 15% Dexsil 300GC column. Total analysis time on the glc was 36 min.
Comparison of toxicity between populations of Gonyaulax tamarensis of eastern North American waters

Isolates of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax tamarensis were established from benthic cysts or motile cells collected along the north-western Atlantic coast from the Bay of Fundy to Long Island. All clones were grown under the same conditions and assayed in a blind test for toxin content and composition. Differences in toxin content (μmouse unit per cell) spanning two orders of magnitude were found, with decreasing toxicity from north to south. Some isolates had undetectable toxin levels. The low toxicity of southern strains of G. tamarensis may explain the historical absence of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in areas where cysts and motile cells have been reported. The cause of the observed geographic pattern is unknown, but is does suggest that there may be an environmentally-determined southern limit to the regional PSP problem. Qualitative data on the toxin composition of some clones indicate that saxitoxin, neosaxitoxin and gonyautoxins -II, -III and -IV are generally present. A more quantitative approach (i.e. one which examines each isolate for all of the 12 Gonyaulax toxins) is needed to fully utilize the potential of toxin composition in discriminating between strains.
Gröbner Bases for Problem Solving in Multidimensional Systems

The objective here is to underscore recent usage of the algorithmic theory of Grobner bases in multidimensional systems since that possibility was highlighted about fifteen years back. The main contribution here focuses on the constructive aspects of the solution, known to exist, of the two-band multidimensional IIR perfect reconstruction problem using Grobner bases. Other recent research results on the subject with future prospects are also briefly cited.
Piecing together the sensitivity construct: ethology and cross-cultural research

Although Ainsworth and Bowlby’s perspective on attachment relationships has instinctive underpinnings, they also recognized variability in the ways caregiving is implemented in different ecologies....
Optical image subtraction using multiple-imaging effect of photographic diffusers

This method of optical image subtraction makes use of the extremely high demagnification and the large image densities involved in the multiple-imaging effect obtained with photographic diffusers. A coarse grid of period equal to 25 mm is multiply imaged by the diffuser, which represents a photographic recording of a fine-grain speckle distribution. An in-plane displacement of the coarse grid produces an equivalent motion in each of the multiple-image gratings that modulate the input transparencies. This means that the π-rad phase shift between them can be obtained by operating on the coarse grid, thus increasing the accuracy of phase shifting by a factor equal to the demagnification of the imaging process. A description of the method, supported by experimental results, is given.
Laparoscopic vs open pancreaticoduodenectomy: overall outcomes and severity of complications using the Accordion Severity Grading System

Background Minimal access surgery techniques have evolved to include complex surgical procedures. Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (LPD) is a complex operation that pancreas surgeons have been slow to adopt. This article reviews our experience with patients undergoing LPD and compares their outcomes with those of patients undergoing open pancreaticoduodenectomy (OPD). Study Design All patients undergoing OPD or LPD during a 6-year period (2005−2011) were included. Results from the 2 groups were compared for mortality and morbidity according to the Accordion Severity Grading System. Oncologic markers, including margins of resection, transfusions received, number of lymph nodes, and lymph node ratio, were also compared. Results During the study time period, 215 and 53 patients underwent OPD and LPD, respectively. No differences were seen in patient demographics, comorbidities, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, or pathology. Significant differences favoring LPD were seen in intraoperative blood loss (p Conclusions This series demonstrates that LPD appears to be safe and feasible, with benefits over the open counterpart. However, the increased complexity and effort demanded by the technique pose the need for multi-institutional series and standardization in reporting. The goal should be to assess if LPD can result in a better procedure with better outcomes.
Effects of age, rearing, and separation stress on immunoglobulin levels in rhesus monkeys.

The study reported here examined the effect of different rearing conditions and psychological stress on immunoglobulin levels in rhesus monkey infants. In the first experiment, 24 rhesus neonates were placed in one of the three following rearing conditions: Separated from their mothers and reared in the laboratory nursery; kept with their biological mothers; or removed at birth from their biological mothers and cross-fostered to adoptive rhesus mothers. Plasma samples were obtained from the nursery-reared infants immediately after birth and at weekly intervals for the next 30 days. Samples were also obtained from mother-reared and foster-reared infants on days 15 and 29. All samples were tested for IgG and IgM levels. The results indicated that neither rearing nor diet affected Ig levels. IgG levels were highest at birth and decreased progressively for the first 30 days, suggesting that placental transfer of maternal IgG is the critical determinant of IgG levels in primate infants as in humans. IgM changes were also similar to those in human infants: Low levels at birth, a significant increase from birth to day 15, and a moderate decline from day 15 to day 30. When IgG levels and IgM levels were correlated across the first month, many significant correlations were found which were consistent with human data relating both infant IgG and IgM levels to infant maturation. In the second experiment, 11 of the previously tested nursery infants were subjected to four consecutive social separations from peer groups at 6 months of age. Plasma samples were obtained before and after the first and fourth weeks of separation and tested for IgG and IgM levels. Small but significant decreases in both immunoglobulins were detected after 4 days of separation, particularly on the fourth week.
Study of cuprous oxide using time of flight positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy

Changes in the surface of copper (I) oxide resulting from vacuum annealing and reoxidation after vacuum annealing have been investigated using positron annihilation induced Auger electron spectroscopy (PAES). The PAES measurement shows a large monotonic increase in the intensity of the annihilation induced Cu (M2,3 VV) Auger peak as the sample is subjected to thermal anneal in the vacuum at 300 °C temperature for 13 minutes. Exposure of the vacuum annealed surface to oxygen resulted in a large reduction of Cu (M2,3 VV) intensity and an increase in the signal due to the KLL transition in O. These results provide a clear demonstration of the utility of PAES in the study of oxide surfaces. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermodynamics of Piperazine/Methyldiethanolamine/Water/Carbon Dioxide

Vapor−liquid equilibrium, speciation, and amine solubility were studied for the piperazine (PZ)/methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)/water/carbon dioxide system. Solubility data for carbon dioxide in these solutions were obtained using a wetted-wall contactor. Solubility data for anhydrous PZ solid in water were obtained by adding PZ flakes to an agitated flask. In a 0.6 M PZ/4 M MDEA solution at 313 K, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide approaches one-tenth of the value in 4 M MDEA at low loading. This performance is between that of monoethanolamine (MEA) blends and diethanolamine (DEA) blends. The solubility data are modeled using the electrolyte NRTL model. The model is verified using 13C and 1H NMR data at high loading. The resulting model shows that the piperazine carbamate is the major reaction product at low loading (<0.1) while the protonated piperazine carbamate is the major reaction product at high loading. The piperazine dicarbamate species is present in higher concentration than in the simple PZ/H2...
Oligodendrocyte-substratum adhesion activates the synthesis of specific lipid species involved in cell signaling

Ovine oligodendrocytes (OLGs) undergo biochemical and morphological changes following attachment to polylysine. Autoradiographs of two-dimensional thin-layer chromatograms of [14C]Gal-labeled OLG cultures revealed that attachment of OLGs to a polylysine substratum and their subsequent morphological differentiation is accompanied by an increased synthesis of multiple forms of galactosylceramide, sulfogalactosylceramide, and both sulfogalactosyl- and galactosyl-diglycerides, together with an array of complex sialoglycosphingolipids, predominantly GM2 ganglioside. As previously reported, overall lipid synthesis measured by [14C]acetate incorporation into glycerophosphatides, sphingomyelin, and neutral lipids also increased dramatically for up to 60 days (last time point examined) following OLG-substratum adhesion, reflecting membrane growth. Attachment was associated with a rapid augmentation in the synthesis of ethanolamine plasmalogen from 12 to 27% within 24 hr to reach a 35% plateau at 30 days and remain constant thereafter. In contrast, the plasmalogen content of phosphatidylcholine remained constant at 3-5%. This rapid increase in lipid synthesis (especially in the ethanolamine plasmalogen content following attachment) closely paralleled increased diacylglycerol (DAG) production and protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation of both myelin basic protein and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphohydrolase. Labeling studies indicated that the major source of [3H]arachidonate-labeled DAG following attachment was from phosphatidylinositol turnover (and to a lesser extent phosphatidylcholine) rather than polyphosphoinositides or plasmalogens. Enhanced lipid synthesis is not only required for the production of membranes in these myelin-producing cells but is also a source of second messengers required in the posttranslational modification of key myelin and cellular proteins.
Optimal scoring of amnesia on the harvard group scale of hypnotic susceptibility, form A

Abstract Response to the suggestion for posthypnotic amnesia on the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (Shor & E. Orne, 1962) was studied in a sample of 1351 Ss. Reversibility proved to be a somewhat better criterion of response than initial amnesia, as indexed by both item difficulty and item-to-total correlations. Continuous scoring of recall, however, was no better than dichotomous scoring. A joint dichotomous criterion, consisting of recall = s 3 on the initial amnesia test followed by recall 2 2 additional items on the reversibility test, is offered as both empirically defensible and conceptually preferable.
Environment and activity affect skin temperature in breeding adult male elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris).

Published by and copyright of The Company of Biologists. The definitive version of this article is available at: http://jeb.biologists.org/content/213/24/4205.full.pdf+html
An Unexpected Intracardiac Echocardiography Finding on the Cavotricuspid Isthmus

A 60-year-old male was referred for catheter ablation of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The patient had a history of remote myocardial infarction presenting with cardiogenic shock and requiring emergent 4-vessel coronary artery bypass grafting, including a saphenous vein graft to the right coronary artery (RCA). Although he had no clinical history of atrial flutter, typical counterclockwise atrial flutter involving the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) was induced with atrial burst pacing after successful pulmonary vein isolation.
Standardizing and Simplifying Analysis of Peptide Library Data

Peptide libraries allow researchers to quickly find hundreds of peptide sequences with a desired property. Currently, the large amount of data generated from peptide libraries is analyzed by hand, where researchers search for repeating patterns in the peptide sequences. Such patterns are called motifs. In this work, we describe a set of algorithms which allow quick, efficient, and standard analysis of peptide libraries. Four main techniques are described: (1) choice of the number of motifs present in a peptide library; (2) separation of the peptides into groups of similar sequences; (3) fitting of a model to the peptides to extract motifs; (4) analysis of the library using quantitative structure–property relationships if no clear motifs are present. The application of five previously published data sets shows these techniques can automatically repeat the work of experts quickly and allow much more flexibility in analysis. A new way of visually presenting peptide libraries is also described, which allows v...
Fluorescence Properties of Guard Cell Chloroplasts: EVIDENCE FOR LINEAR ELECTRON TRANSPORT AND LIGHT-HARVESTING PIGMENTS OF PHOTOSYSTEMS I AND II.

The presence of chloroplasts in guard cells from leaf epidermis, coleoptile, flowers, and albino portions of variegated leaves was established by incident fluorescence microscopy, thus confirming the notion that guard cell chloroplasts are remarkably conserved. Room temperature emission spectra from a few chloroplasts in a single guard cell of Vicia faba showed one major peak at around 683 nanometers. Low-temperature (77 K) emission spectra from peels of albino portions of Chlorophytum comosum leaves and from mesophyll chloroplasts of green parts of the same leaves showed major peaks at around 687 and 733 nanometers, peaks usually attributed to photosystem II and photosystem I pigment systems, respectively. Spectra of peels of V. faba leaves showed similar peaks. However, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the Vicia peels, as well as those from Allium cepa and Tulipa sp., were contaminated with non-guard cell chloroplasts which were practically undetectable under bright field illumination. These observations pose restrictions on the use of epidermal peels as a source of isolated guard cell chloroplasts. Studies on the 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea-sensitive variable fluorescence kinetics of uncontaminated epidermal peels of C. comosum indicated that guard cell chloroplasts operate a normal, photosystem II-dependent, linear electron transport. The above properties in combination with their reported inability to fix CO2 photosynthetically may render the guard cell chloroplasts optimally suited to supply the reducing and high-energy phosphate equivalents needed to sustain active ion transport during stomatal opening in daylight.
Complications associated with postoperative antibiotic prophylaxis after breast surgery

BACKGROUND: Evidence supports single-dose preoperative antibiotic (ABX) prophylaxis for breast surgery; however, limited data exist regarding the incidence and type of antibiotic complications postoperatively. METHODS: Breast/axillary surgeries between July 2004 and June 2006 were reviewed. Complications were analyzed by antibiotic group: preoperative prophylaxis, postoperative prophylaxis, and therapeutic intent. The Fisher exact test was used to compare complication rates. RESULTS: A total of 389 patients underwent breast/axillary surgeries during the study period. A total of 363 (93%) patients received ABX: 353 (91%) received a single preoperative dose, 91 (23%) received postoperative ABX prophylaxis, and 76 (201%) received ABX for therapeutic intent. Among patients receiving ABX, 15 (4%) had an ABX-related complication. The ABX-related complication rate was significantly higher among those receiving postoperative prophylaxis (5.5%; 5 of 91) compared with those receiving preoperative ABX alone (0%; 0 of 214) (P = .002). CONCLUSIONS: Drug-related complications were uncommon with preoperative ABX prophylaxis. Considering the potential complications of ABX after breast surgery, the use of postoperative prophylaxis should be reexamined.