cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are We Training Leaders? Conversations with Three Leaders

T HIS ISSUE OF THE JOURNAL CONTAINS TWO ARTICLES related to leadership. The first describes dietetics students’ perceptions of their own skills, and found that these students believe that they demonstrate leadership in a variety of settings. The second article identifies competencies that are important for those holding the position of hospital foodservice director. The authors asked those currently working in this position and hospital executives who hire and supervise these directors about the importance of these competencies and the preparation of the registered dietitian to assume this position. Dietetics professionals were not perceived to be highly competent in some of the leadership and operations management skills that were identified as important. Although we cannot conclude that the dietetics students described in the first article will not become leaders, we do have many midlevel and senior-level dietetics professionals who are not willing or able to take leadership roles. Certainly, our academic and clinical standards address leadership knowledge and skills, yet it seems that our profession has many “followers”who feel underappreciated, complain about their compensation, and generally feel unhappy about their professional lives. Is this unique to our profession? This was explored in three conversations with leaders: a chief operating officer, a dean of a business school, and a dietetic intern.
State Space Model for TDM-PON Bandwidth Allocation

We propose a state space model to tackle the bandwidth allocation issue of time division multiplexed passive optical networks (TDM-PONs). It describes the TDM-PON system as a threesome of on-line traffic load, bandwidth arbitration decision, as well as queue status. Analytical results show that this model provides a platform to evaluate performance of diverse bandwidth allocation algorithms.
Argentaffinomas of Meckel's Diverticulum and Adjacent Ileum

Summary A case of argentafhnomas of Meckel's diverticulum and the adjacent ileum is reported. There was no evidence of dissemination, and the patient is in good health two months after surgery.
Net Present Value Analysis of Sow Longevity and the Economic Sensitivity of Net Present Value to Changes in Production, Market Price, Feed Cost, and Replacement Gilt Costs in a Farrow-to-Finish Operation

Abstract Historical (1994 to 1998) market hog price, feed costs, and other expenses were combined with average industry production values in an economic analysis of replacement gilt investments in a 600-sow farrow-to-finish operation. Based on historical data, a replacement gilt must remain in the breeding herd for three parities or more to attain a positive Net Present Value (NPV). The earlier (lower parity) a sow reaches a positive NPV, the more profitable the operation. Sensitivity analyses were used to evaluate the impact of assumption changes on the parity in which a positive NPV is attained. Assuming all other items are held constant, an approximate 5% change in number of pigs born alive per litter, market hog price per kilogram, or feed cost per market hog changes the parity in which a positive NPV is attained from parity three to parity two or four, depending on the direction of change. Assuming all other items are constant, a 35% increase in replacement gilt purchase price increases the parity from three to four in which a positive NPV is realized. Similarly, an equity decrease from 50 to 30% in the modeled swine operation also increases the parity in which a positive NPV is attained from three to four. Opportunity exists for commercial swine producers to increase the profitability of their replacement gilt investments by increasing the number of productive parities the sow produces. Swine producers should focus on management and genetic factors to improve sow longevity and hence, the profitability of a replacement gilt investment.
Optoelectronic Properties of CuInS2 Nanocrystals and Their Origin

The capacity of fluorescent colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals for commercial application has led to the development of nanocrystals with nontoxic constituent elements as replacements for the currently available Cd- and Pb-containing systems. CuInS2 is a good candidate material because of its direct band gap in the near-infrared spectral region and large optical absorption coefficient. The ternary nature, flexible stoichiometry, and different crystal structures of CuInS2 lead to a range of optoelectronic properties, which have been challenging to elucidate. In this Perspective, the optoelectronic properties of CuInS2 nanocrystals are described and what is known of their origin is discussed. We begin with an overview of their synthesis, structure, and mechanism of formation. A complete discussion of the tunable luminescence properties and the radiative decay mechanism of this system is then presented. Finally, progress toward application of these "green" nanocrystals is summarized.
Limitations on Observation in Industrial Sociology

division of labor in leadership and that this function must be fulfilled if the movement is to reach full institutionalization. The policies formulated by the statesmen-in order to satisfy the demands for action voiced by the prophets and reformers in consequence of the unrest and discontent generated by the agitator-must be administered. Herein lies the functional justification for the rise of the administrative type of leadership. Dominant Social Form. This brings us to the consideration of the prevailing social form in which behavior is channeled in the Institutional Stage. We have seen that the mass, the crowd, and the public are the dominant social forms of the first, second, and third stages. These have been called "forms of elementary collective behavior" because they "arise spontaneously and their action is not set or determined by existing cultural patterns. Each has a distinctive character and each arises under a special set of conditions." Thus from the point of view of the social forms within which collective behavior goes on, a revolutionary movement may be thought of as a development in the course of which a mass is transformed into a crowd, a crowd becomes a public, and a public evolves into a society. That is, the movement "acquires organization and form, a body of customs and traditions, established leadership, and enduring division of labor, social rules and ocial values; in short, a culture, a social organization, and a new scheme of life.13 The resultant society or social order may be said to possess the following characteristics:
Van der Waals Epitaxial Growth of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides on Pristine and N-Doped Graphene

The stability and the electronic structure of layered heterostructures MX2 (M = Mo or W and X = S or Se) and graphene (GA) are systematically investigated using first-principles methods. The calculations cover pristine and defected GA systems with up to 12% nitrogen substitutional defects. It is found that the van der Waals (vdW) epitaxy of MX2 on undoped GA substrate, whether pristine or defected, follows a Volmer–Weber growth-mode resulting in thick MX2 films. On the other hand, nitrogen doping of pristine GA (N-GA) and also of GA with Stone–Wales (SW) defects increases the MX2/GA heterostructure adhesion energy favoring the growth of ultrathin MX2 layers. This growth-mode change in MoS2 due to nitrogen doping is in agreement with recent experiments. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that the yield of ultrathin MX2 films can be increased if the N-GA samples have a larger concentration of SW defects or nitrogen. The underpinnings of the extra stability of these N-GA substrates are due to charge-transfe...
On Contrasting Ensemble Simulations of Two Great Plains Bow Echoes

AbstractBow echo structures, a subset of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), are often poorly forecast within deterministic numerical weather prediction model simulations. Among other things, this may be due to the inherent low predictability associated with bow echoes, deficient initial conditions (ICs), and inadequate parameterization schemes. Four different ensemble configurations assessed the sensitivity of the MCSs’ simulated reflectivity and radius of curvature to the following: perturbations in initial and lateral boundary conditions using a global dataset, different microphysical schemes, a stochastic kinetic energy backscatter (SKEB) scheme, and a mix of the previous two. One case is poorly simulated no matter which IC dataset or microphysical parameterization is used. In the other case, almost all simulations reproduce a bow echo. When the IC dataset and microphysical parameterization is fixed within a SKEB ensemble, ensemble uncertainty is smaller. However, while differences in the location an...
Effect of phenylbutazone (butazolidin) on renal excretion of P-aminohippurate and thiosulfate in the dog.

SummaryPhenylbutazone blocks PAH transport but does not affect thiosulfate excretion. The inhibition of TmPAH by phenylbutazone is reversible by the simultaneous infusion of isotonic Na acetate.
Resistance in Lycopersicon spp. to the Tobacco Flea Beetle

When young and healthy leaves of accessions of Lycopersicon hirsutum Humb. and Bonpl. and L. hirsutum f. glabratum C. H. Mull. were tested in a greenhouse at Beltsville, Maryland, they had a strong repelling effect on adult tobacco flea beetles, Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer). However, young leaves that had been divested of glandular exudate by being washed with 75% ethanol and unwashed senescent leaves on older plants did not repel the beetles. All accessions were susceptible to beetles in the larval stages. All varieties of L. esculentum Mill. and accessions of L. peruvianum var. dentatum Dun., L. Pimpinellifolium (Jusl.) Mill., and L. glandulosum C. H. Mull. that were evaluated were susceptible to both adults and larvae.
Clinical effectiveness of pediatric buqi jianpi oral solution in the treatment of children with anorexia

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of pediatric buqi jianpi oral solution in the treatment of children with anorexia.Methods Forty-seven children with anorexia were recruited to this study.Pediatric buqi jianpi oral solution was taken 1 month as 1 course and the children were followed-up for 3 months.The changes of appetite,food intake,dietary bias,weight gain,diaphoresis,stool,coated tongue and complexion were recorded;and blood hemoglobin,calcium,iron and zinc in the blood before and after medication were measured.Results Twenty-three cases were cured,21 cases were improved,and 3 cases were invalid with poor appetite and inadequate intake,the total effective rate was 93.6%.Body weight of 23 cases increased ≥1.5 kg,increased 1.0 kg in 20 cases,and no change in body weight in 4 children with emaciation.There were changes in hemoglobin,calcium and iron,but the differences were not statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion Pediatric buqi jianpi oral solution in treating anorexia can improve children's appetite and digestion.The effect is good.
Key techniques for oilfield WebGIS platform based on SVG

Based on the technique of SVG, an oilfield WebGIS platform is designed and developed, and an integrated information query system of one plant of oilfield is accomplished. Some key techniques have been analyzed, i.e., zoom in graphic freely, dynamic manage layer, customized default display area, exact search and dynamic display of graphic etc. The application result shows that this platform resolves the bottleneck issue about the speed when volumes of clients visit and implements the association of geographic object and production data.
Explicit Versus Implicit Rationing: Let's Be Honest.

Health care resources are finite in nature. Scarcity can be induced either by the consequences of economics or societal decisions or be inherent because an inability to create additional units (e.g...
Condensing lenses and shell microstructure in Corculum (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

The microstructure of the non-window portions of the shell of Corculum cardissa resembles other Fraginae, with predominantly fibrous prismatic outer, branching crossed lamellar middle, and complex crossed lamellar inner layers. Both the anterior and posterior windows in its shell reflect reduced pigmentation and incursion of the outer shell layer, but the posterior windows involve deeper incursion plus reduction of the outer and middle sublayers of the outer shell layer and microstructural modification of the middle shell layer to enhance light transmission. The planoconvex shape of the posterior windows has more likely evolved to direct and focus light toward the deeper, zooxanthellae-rich gills and anterior mantle, than to merely disperse light.
The MiR23A MicroRNA Cluster Is a Target of PU.1 and Promotes Development of Myeloid Cells at the Expense of B Cells

The transcription factor PU.1 is an important regulator of hematopoiesis, directing cell fate decision in a dosage dependent manner with higher levels driving monocytic differentiation and lower levels directing B-cell differentiation. The mechanism by which PU.1 controls this process is not fully understood. Here we show that PU.1 is involved in regulating the expression of several microRNAs. MicroRNAs regulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level by binding target mRNA through the 3′ UTR and either repressing translation or causing degradation of the mRNA itself. We used microarray expression profiling to assess a large group of microRNAs in PUER cells, a PU.1 −/− cell line that differentiates into macrophages when PU.1 activity is restored. Several miRNAs showed changes in expression four days after restoration of PU.1 activity. We focused on a cluster of microRNAs that includes miR-23a, miR27a, and miR24-2, which we call the miR23a cluster. All three miRNAs are coded for on a single pri-miRNA transcript. Northern blot analysis verified the findings of the microarray–that expression of this microRNA cluster is enhanced by PU.1. The promoter for the cluster contains several conserved predicted binding sites for PU.1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and EMSA has confirmed that PU.1 binds to these sites. In addition, reporter assays show that the mir23a promoter can be activated by PU.1. The 23a cluster appears to be a critical target gene for PU1 to promote myeloid development. Using in vitro hematopoietic cultures we have observed that expressing this cluster in hematopoietic progenitors promotes myeloid development over B cell development. In addition, data from bone marrow transplant assays will be presented demonstrating the role of this cluster in directing hematopoiesis in vivo. Targetscan and miRanda computer algorithms predict several B cell transcription factors as targets of the miRNAs of the 23a cluster. PU.1 potentially activates expression of the 23a cluster to downregulate B cell transcription factors in order to commit cells to the myeloid cell fate.
Rare cause of neck pain: tumours of the posterior elements of the cervical spine.

Here we present two cases of primary bone tumours of the cervical spine in patients who had persistent neck pain—in one case, lasting 8 years. In each case, there was a delay in diagnosis and referral to a spine specialist was prolonged. Primary bone tumours of the spine are rare, which is in contrast to the wide prevalence of cervical neck pain. Many primary care providers may go an entire career without encountering a symptomatic primary cervical spine tumour. In this paper, we discuss the clinical course and treatment of each patient and review the current literature on primary bone tumours of the spine. Owing to the subtle roentgenographic findings of primary cervical tumours, we highlight the importance of advanced imaging in the clinical work-up of simple axial neck pain lasting >6 weeks to avoid misdiagnosis of serious pathology.
MNGO-11EARLY POSTOPERATIVE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT PRESENTATION PREDICTS POOR LONG-TERM OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS SURGICALLY TREATED FOR MENINGIOMA

OBJECTIVES: Previous authors have identified a number of factors that predict morbidity, mortality, and recurrence in patients undergoing resection of a meningioma. We sought to study a novel potential prognostic indicator: early postoperative visit to the Emergency Department (ED). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study on 239 patients who underwent a meningioma resection at our institution between 2001-2013 with over three months of follow-up postoperatively. All postoperative entries in the medical record were reviewed to identify any ED visit within a 90-day postoperative period. Visits related to complaints other than neurologic or wound-related concerns were excluded. The relationships between ED presentation, tumor grade, and extent of surgical resection with future risk of operative recurrence and mortality were analyzed using Fisher's exact test. Variables associated with increased risks of mortality or operative recurrence in a univariate analysis were then included in the multivariate logistic regression model. RESULTS: 31% of all patients presented to the ED with a neurologic or wound-related complaint within 90 days of the operation. 68% of patients with confirmed mortality and 64% of patients who later developed an operative recurrence presented to the ED within 90 days of the original operation. Patients with a postoperative ED visit were found to be significantly more likely to die during the follow-up period (23.0% versus 4.85%, p < 0.0001) or develop an eventual operative recurrence (12.2% versus 3.0%, p = 0.0131). Postoperative ED presentation was found to be associated with a higher risk of mortality and operative recurrence independent of pathological tumor grade (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0102 respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Presentation to the ED is associated with significantly higher rates of future operative recurrence and mortality in patients with recent meningioma resections. This poor prognostic relationship is independent of tumor pathological grade. Increased vigilance and follow-up may be warranted in such patients.
The Development of Self-Determination During Childhood

Although self-determination is associated with adolescent development, the antecedents and precursors of its development lie within the development of foundational skills during the early childhood years. Adolescents become self-determined as they learn, refine, and practice knowledge, skills, beliefs and actions that enable them to respond to contextual and environmental challenges (opportunities, threats) that energize basic psychological needs and resultant autonomous motivation, stimulating a causal action sequence in which volitional and agentic actions are mediated by action-control beliefs, resulting in experiences of causal agency. This chapter explores the early development of foundational skills that enable children to make choices and express preferences, solve problems, engage in making decisions, set and attain goals, self-manage and self-regulate action, self-advocate, and acquire self-awareness and self-knowledge.
A New Computational Decision Support System for Material Selection and Real-Time Monitoring and Evaluation of Aseptic Technique when Compounding Sterile Preparations

The purpose of this project was to design a computational decision support system (DSS) for compounded sterile preparations (CSP). Error-free compounding is dependent on the proper selection of components and adherence to procedure during compounding. A material selection system (MSS) based on a graphical user interface (GUI), coupled with a barcode scanner and back-end database, was developed and tested for proper selection of items involving three different medication orders (MO). A video processing system (VPS) was implemented in MATLAB that evaluated live video feed from the compounding hood to monitor the compounding procedure when compounding the MO’s. Surf detection was used to detect and locate compounding items placed in the hood. Various algorithms were developed and tested to enhance the accuracy and robustness of the VPS. The MSS was tested for all items used in compounding the MO’s, and it performed error-free. The VPS evolved to VPS.03 from VPS.01 and VPS.02. The greatest accuracy and ability for real-time realization were seen in VPS.03. All deliberate mistakes made when compounding the tested medication orders were captured by VPS.03. The new computational decision support system facilitated error-free selection of components and was able to monitor and evaluate the compounding process in real time. The platform may be used in CSP compounding rooms, to audit techniques and procedures, and in training or educational settings.
Educational and Scientific Applications of Climate Model Diagnostic Analyzer

Climate Model Diagnostic Analyzer (CMDA) is a web-based information system designed for the climate modeling and model analysis community to analyze climate data from models and observations. CMDA provides tools to diagnostically analyze climate data for model validation and improvement, and to systematically manage analysis provenance for sharing results with other investigators. CMDA utilizes cloud computing resources, multi-threading computing, machine-learning algorithms, web service technologies, and provenance-supporting technologies to address technical challenges that the Earth science modeling and model analysis community faces in evaluating and diagnosing climate models. As CMDA technology and infrastructure have matured, we have developed the educational and scientific applications of CMDA. Educationally, CMDA supported the summer school of the JPL Center for Climate Sciences in 2014, 2015, and 2016. In the summer school, the students work on group research projects where CMDA provide datasets, analysis tools, and provenance support utility tools. Each student is assigned to a virtual machine with CMDA installed in Amazon Web Services. Scientifically, we have developed several science use cases of CMDA covering various topics, datasets, and analysis types. Each of the science use cases is described in terms of a scientific goal, datasets used, the analysis tools used, scientific results discovered, an analysis result such as output plots and data files, and a link to the corresponding analysis service call with all the input arguments filled.
More than just making it go: Toddlers effectively integrate causal efficacy and intentionality in selecting an appropriate causal intervention

Abstract Do children use causal data and social information in conjunction to guide their interventions? We examined whether 2-year-olds (N = 120, 40 in each experiment) were able to appreciate the difference between causally efficacious and inefficacious actions presented intentionally. Toddlers who did appreciate such a difference preferentially used intentionality cues when causal efficacy did not differ between the actions (Experiment 1). When causal efficacy and intentionality were incongruous, toddlers who understood the difference between efficacious and inefficacious actions preferred to produce effective but unintentional actions (Experiment 2) and when both actions weren’t intentional, produced effective actions (Experiment 3). These data suggest that as toddlers come to understand the efficacy of action, they successfully integrate social cues to use the most informative combination of cues to guide their causal actions.
Evaluation of the Anterior Talofibular Ligament via Stress Sonography in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Populations.

OBJECTIVES Sonography during externally applied stress has the potential to identify ligamentous instability, but diagnostic parameters for the most commonly sprained ankle ligament, the anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL), have not yet been established. The purpose of this study was to determine normative values of the change in the length of the ATFL in an asymptomatic population during manual stress sonography and to compare these values to those in patients with clinical findings of anterolateral ankle instability. METHODS Sonography of the ATFL at rest and with maximally applied manual stress was performed bilaterally in 20 asymptomatic volunteers from each of three 10-year age groups from 20 to 50 years. Data were compared to those for 34 patients retrospectively identified who underwent stress sonography of the ATFL for clinical signs and symptoms of chronic anterolateral ankle instability. RESULTS In the asymptomatic population (10 men and 10 women), for men, the mean change in ATFL length between stress and neutral positions was 0.44 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.32-0.57 mm). For women, it was 0.43 mm (95% CI, 0.31-0.55 mm). The difference in laxity between sexes was not significant (P = .85). In the symptomatic population, the mean ATFL length difference between stress and neutral positions was 1.26 mm (95% CI, 0.97-1.55 mm). A t test comparing the mean change in ATFL length showed a statistically significant increase in laxity in the symptomatic group (P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The normal ATFL shows minimal laxity in both men and women on stress sonography, with significantly greater laxity among patients with ankle instability. Given these findings, stress sonography may have an important role in the imaging diagnosis of anterolateral ankle instability.
Bilingual parsing strategies in Basque and Spanish

Over the last several years, one area of sentence processing research that has received considerable attention is how native speakers resolve structural ambiguities while reading, as in Someone shot the servant of the actress who was on the balcony (e.g., Cuetos & Mitchell 1988). Cross-linguistic research on this kind of ambiguous relative clause (RC) attachment has revealed that speakers of some languages prefer to attach the RC who was on the balcony to the first noun phrase ( the servant ), whereas speakers of other languages prefer attachment to the second noun phrase ( the actress ). From the perspective of bilingual sentence processing, research on RC attachment can provide insight into a number of important issues related to language transfer, language attrition, and processing efficiency. The present study, therefore, seeks to build upon some of these lines of research by examining the on-line parsing strategies among native speakers of Basque ( N = 17) on two self-paced reading tasks in Basque and Spanish. Our purpose was to investigate which parsing routines these bilinguals utilized for each language in order to determine whether they maintained separate strategies or adopted one strategy for both languages. Analyses of reading times at critical regions in experimental sentences suggest that this group of bilinguals employed a single parsing strategy in Basque and Spanish. The findings are discussed within recent proposals of monolingual and bilingual sentence processing.
Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. An encephalitogenic basic protein from bovine myelin.

Abstract A homogeneous encephalitogenic protein was prepared in high yield (35–40%) from bovine spinal cord and myelin. This protein, referred to as A1 protein, was found to be susceptible to proteolysis in situ at pH 6–7; this effect was arrested by prompt freezing of tissue upon removal from the animal. The purification procedure consisted of (1) defatting with chloroform-methanol (2:1); (2) acid extraction at pH 1.7; (3) precipitation of contaminating protein and dialysis at pH 7; (4) DEAE-cellulose chromatography; and finally, (5) gel filtration. CM-cellulose or Cellex-P chromatography was also used for final purification in place of gel filtration. The DEAE eluate contained the basic protein fraction of which the A1 protein comprised 80–95%. The data suggest that the A1 protein is very likely the only encephalitogenic basic protein of native myelin, constituting approximately 30% of the total myelin protein. It has been obtained in homogeneous form as demonstrated by a single sharp band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis at pH 4.5 and 8.6, and by immunoelectrophoresis and immuno-double diffusion. As little as 0.1 μg induced histologic lesions in the CNS and 10–100 μg induced clinical disease in 80–100% of guinea pigs. In addition to its encephalitogenic activity the A1 protein was found to induce in rabbits and guinea pigs the formation of precipitating antibody which was detected by immuno-double diffusion and assayed in a passive hemagglutination test. Antibody-combining activity of the A1 protein was also demonstrated by immuno-double diffusion and was measured by a passive hemagglutination-inhibition test. The delayed hypersensitive response developed in guinea pigs after injection of 20 μg of the A1 protein and was demonstrated using 5 μg as skin test antigen. The positive skin test and histologic lesions characterizing EAE both appeared on days 4–5 after sensitization and developed simultaneously. The principal findings here reported, on the in situ proteolysis of the encephalitogenic basic protein, provide a partial explanation for the reports from different laboratories of encephalitogens possessing widely differing properties.
Toward Automatic Cartographic Feature Extraction

Over the last twenty years researchers in the field of computer vision have focused on a variety of application areas in order to test their ideas and approaches. The diversity of application areas such as industrial inspection, material handling, autonomous navigation, and physical modeling and recognition, to name a few, illustrates the ubiquitous nature of computer vision. Our research has focused in another application area, that of digital mapping, which is the automation of the cartographic process. Cartography is a human endeavor that attempts to accurately depict our three-dimensional world using two-dimensional media. In modern times the utilization of airborne and space-based remotely sensed imagery has changed the mapping community in a fundamental way. No longer relying entirely on surveyed ground measurements, remotely sensed imagery provides a synoptic view of the environment using a variety of sensors including multi-spectral scanners, black and white photography, color infra-red cameras, and imaging radars.
Modulation of tissue plasminogen activator-catalyzed plasminogen activation by synthetic peptides derived from the amino-terminal heparin binding domain of fibronectin.

Fibronectin is a multidomain adhesive glycoprotein found in plasma, interstitial connective tissue, and basement membrane. Diverse biological activities have been associated with the fibronectin molecule including cell adhesion, cell migration, wound healing, hemostasis, and oncogenic transformation. Binding sites for heparin, fibrin, gelatin/collagen, and cells have been localized to various structural domains of the molecule. In addition, fibronectin also binds both plasminogen and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) via a 55-kDa amino-terminal fragment (Moser, T.L., Enghild, J.J., Pizzo, S.V., and Stack, M.S. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 18917-18923). Although intact fibronectin does not enhance the rate of t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation, a mixture of proteolytically degraded fibronectin fragments stimulates the activation reaction, resulting in an 11-fold increase in the kcat/Km. Based on these observations, we have synthesized a variety of peptides derived from the plasminogen/t-PA binding region of fibronectin and determined the effect of these peptides on the initial rate kinetics of plasminogen activation by t-PA as well as on plasmin and t-PA amidolytic activity. Here we report that a specific octapeptide, SRNRCNDQ-NH2, consisting of residues 196-203 of the fibronectin molecule is a potent stimulator of t-PA-catalyzed plasminogen activation, resulting in a 15-fold increase in the kcat/Km of the activation reaction.
Clinical presentation at initiation of maintenance dialysis and subsequent survival: A retrospective cohort study.

Introduction Clinical practice guidelines increasingly favor a more symptom-driven approach to maintenance dialysis initiation. But, little is known about the clinical presentation at dialysis initiation, such as the different kinds of signs and symptoms present at dialysis initiation, illness acuity at dialysis initiation, and how these aspects of the clinical presentation relate to subsequent survival. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of a random sample of veterans who initiated dialysis between 2000 and 2009 at Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers across the country (N = 1,691). We looked at associations between the clinical presentation (types of signs and/or symptoms and illness acuity) at the time of dialysis initiation and 1-year mortality. Findings The most common types of signs and/or symptoms at initiation were gastrointestinal (50.9%) and cardiopulmonary (48.7%). The crude mortality rate was 174.2 deaths per 1000 patients per year (95% CI 154.7, 196.1). Among different categories of signs and/or symptoms, only cardiopulmonary signs and/or symptoms were associated with a higher 1-year risk of mortality after initiation (risk ratio (RR) 1.32, 95% CI 1.05, 1.69) in adjusted analyses. Patients who were acutely ill at initiation were more likely to die during the following year as compared with those who initiated dialysis in the outpatient setting (RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.15, 2.21). Discussion With the exception of cardiopulmonary signs and/or symptoms, most signs and/or symptoms documented around the time of dialysis initiation were not associated with an increased risk of death during the year after initiation. In contrast, whether patients were acutely ill at the time of initiation was strongly associated with an increased risk of death after initiation regardless of the specific signs and/or symptoms present. Limitations of this study include retrospective study design, residual confounding, and lack of generalizability to non-VA settings.
Covert Communication Channel Detection in Low-Power Battery Operated IoT Devices: Leveraging Power Profiles

A hardware trojan (HT) is a malicious addition or modification of the circuitry of an integrated circuit. A hardware Trojan is characterized by its physical representation and its behavior. The payload part of an HT is the entire activity that the Trojan executes when it is triggered. Malicious Trojans try to bypass or disable the security barrier of a system. It can leak confidential information by radio emission. HTs also can disable, derange or destroy the entire chip. Low-power battery operated IoT devices have limited security features of encryption or decryption, hence it is even more difficult to detect such anomalies. In this paper, we leveraged the low and power frugal feature of IoT device to our benefit and show that the hardware Trojan can be detected by judiciously observing the power profile of the IoT device. We propose that any covert channel activity in such low-power device can distinctly alter the power profile of such devices. Hence, it can lead to the detection of the covert channel in low-power IoT devices. This research looks at these different profiles devices on a test-bed which simulates IoT devices, with the end goal of detecting unwanted and/or malicious hardware Trojan running in the background.
The Integrative Approach to Supporting Families in the ICU

Integrative medicine emphasizes the care of the whole person and employs both conventional and complementary therapeutic approaches. Techniques such as mind-body therapies, therapeutic art, music and writing, biofield therapies, and emotional freedom technique can be used to support family members of patients in the ICU. Complementary and integrative modalities have been shown to improve perceived stress, anxiety, depression, and PTSD and enhance quality of life, resilience, and sleep.
Abstract 20: Pharmacology and metabolism of GLL398, an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader for endocrine therapy of breast cancer

Selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD) has proven clinically effective in treating advanced or metastatic breast cancer since the approval of fulvestrant by FDA in 2002. Recent expansion of indications as a first line monotherapy and as combination therapy with CDK4/6 inhibitors further demonstrates its clinical utility as an efficacious breast cancer endocrine regimen. However, the poor pharmacokinetic properties of fulvestrant and its injection-only administration route has driven continued efforts to develop orally bioavailability SERD that could potentially improve clinical response to SERD treatment. GLL398, a boron-modified GW5638 analog, showed superior oral bioavailability while retaining both antiestrogenic activity and ER degrading efficacy at a potency level comparable to the more active metabolite of GW5638, GW7604. Here we report further studies on the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of GLL398. Consistent with GLL398’s robust activities in breast cancer cells that are tamoxifen resistant or express constitutively active, mutant ESR1 (Y537S), it was found to bind the mutant ERY537S at a high affinity. Molecular modeling of the binding mode of GLL398 to ER also found its molecular interactions consistent with the experimentally determined high binding affinity towards WT ER and ERY537S. To test if the superior oral bioavailability can be translated to potent efficacy in vivo, mice bearing MCF-7 derived xenograft breast tumors and patient derived xenograft (PDX) tumors harboring ERY537S were treated with GLL398 which potently inhibited tumor growth in mice. Finally the metabolism of GLL398 was also investigated to elucidate the biotransformation of the drug and its potential contribution to the superior oral bioavailability over GW7604. Citation Format: Shanchun Guo, Changde Zhang, Madhu Mottamal, Ahamed Hossain, Jiawang Liu, Jiawang Liu, Guangdi Wang. Pharmacology and metabolism of GLL398, an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader for endocrine therapy of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 20.
Technological and Regulatory Changes Impact on Bank Failures Following the 2008 Financial Crisis

Regulatory changes (GLBA and IBBEA) allowed banks to operate across state lines and consolidate with investment banks, security firms, and insurance companies. Furthermore, banks were in the middle of a transitionary period where many consumers altered their way of conducting business. Consumers were less limited by geographic location and enjoyed greater convenience. This paper examines the 181 US Bank failures that occurred in one calendar year following the 2008 financial crisis. Using survival analysis, banks founded after deregulation experienced lower failure rates as will banks with higher industry concentration and higher environmental munificence.
The politics of the police

So act that your principle of action might safely be made a law for the whole world. Immanuel KantIf we take politics to mean the art or science of governing, then all government agencies, includin...
Acquiring fluorescence decay kinetic measurements with on-chip acoustic focusing cytometry

Flow cytometers are invaluable tools that can quantitatively analyze and separate cells with respect to a cell’s biophysical and biochemical properties. Conventional cytometers collect these physical and chemical properties in the forms of inelastic light scatter and fluorescence. Specialized cytometers came to fruition after several advancements; smaller, more efficient photodetectors, tunable laser diodes, and the advent of microfluidics. Our work focuses on the latter topic. Microfluidic-based flow cytometry is robust in single cell and single molecule detection. Recent studies have leveraged significant quantitative analysis from multiplexing in phenotyping experiments, rare events in highcontent screening assays and sorting. Multiplexing requires multiple color channels to capture and resolve the presented spectral data. Color compensation is needed to resolve emission spectra overlap and becomes difficult when 10+ colors are used. Rare event detection requires large volumes of sample to the effect of 109 cells and greater. The task becomes time and resource consuming because conventional flow is limited by linear flow velocities (50,000 events/second) and requires extensive amounts of sheath fluid. Lastly, collecting these events by conventional flow requires careful separation by means of fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS). Most cell sorters are capable of high yields but use piezoelectric transducers that are not as biocompatible as once thought. Herein we present a time-resolved acoustofluidic flow cytometer that can theoretically surpass the linear velocity constraint, use acoustic focus to elevate biocompatibility and reduce resource consumption and eliminate the need for multiple color channels.
Teaching abolition to future police officers: a reflective essay on pedagogies of response and care

This paper is a reflective essay on pedagogy for prison abolitionists that are working with students who are pursuing careers in the punishment industry, especially law enforcement. The goal of thi...
Diagnosis Setting and Colorectal Cancer Outcomes: The Impact of Cancer Diagnosis in the Emergency Department.

Abstract Background The rate of diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in the emergency department (ED), its characteristics, and its effect on outcomes have been poorly described. Materials and methods Chart review was conducted to identify presenting clinical setting leading to diagnosis, symptoms, and history of colonoscopy for patients diagnosed with CRC at a single institution from 2012-2014. Patients diagnosed with CRC as a result of an ED visit (EDDx) were compared with those diagnosed after presentation to other settings (non-EDDx). Results Of 638 patients meeting inclusion criteria, 271 (42.4%) were EDDx patients. These patients were more likely to be older than 80 y (29.89% versus 19.35%), have Medicare (59.78% versus 42.78%) or Medicaid (23.62% versus 12.81%) insurance, have stage IV cancer (45.02% versus 18.26%), and were symptomatic at the time of presentation (94.83% versus 64.03%). EDDx patients were less likely to ever have had a colonoscopy (21.77% versus 41.69%). In a model adjusted for patient demographics, cancer stage, presence of symptoms, and history of prior colonoscopy, EDDx was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio, 1.89; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-2.8). On stratifying survival by stage, it was found that for all stages, EDDx was associated with decreased survival. Conclusions More than 40% of patients with CRC received their diagnosis through the ED. EDDx was associated with a nearly twofold mortality risk increase. EDDx should be considered a marker of poor outcomes for CRC and may be related to unaccounted patient-level or systems-level factors. Efforts should be made to identify modifiable risks of cancer diagnosis in the ED to improve cancer outcomes.
Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for x-ray activated in situ cancer vaccination

Cancer vaccines have been actively pursued to bolster antitumor immunity. Here, we designed nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs) as locally activable immunotherapeutics to release danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and tumor antigens and deliver pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) for in situ personalized cancer vaccination. When activated by x-rays, nMOFs effectively generate reactive oxygen species to release DAMPs and tumor antigens while delivering CpG oligodeoxynucleotides as PAMPs to facilitate the maturation of antigen-presenting cells. Together, DAMPs, tumor antigens, and PAMPs expand cytotoxic T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes to reinvigorate the adaptive immune system for local tumor regression. When treated in combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, the local therapeutic effects of nMOF-based vaccines were extended to distant tumors via attenuating T cell exhaustion. Our work demonstrates the potential of nMOFs as x-ray-activable in situ cancer vaccines to awaken the host's innate and adaptive immune systems for systemic antitumor immunity.
Attack-Resilient Smart Grid Dynamic State Estimation Algorithm

Due to software and bidirectional nature of smart grid communication network, the grid infrastructure, flow and measurements are vulnerable to cyber attacks such as false data injection attacks. These attacks can impact on the grid operations, privacy and security loss of personal information. In order to achieve the reliable and stable grid operation, the smart grid attack-resilient state estimation algorithm is proposed. Using the nodal voltage analysis and Kirchhoffs Laws, the system equations are written into user-friendly state-space framework. After locally process the grid information, a set of observation information is transmitted to the power control center over an unreliable communication channel where attack occurs. Using the property of semi-definite matrix and Lyapunov composition function, an innovative and intuitive attack-resilient dynamic estimation algorithm is developed. The numerical simulation has illustrated that the proposed method can achieve better estimation performance in terms of mean squared error, accuracy, and convergence rate.
The missing option in firm boundary decisions

Abstract Integration involves two firms, the integrating firm and the integrated firm. This paper argues that both firms matter in the integration decision. To explain how, I construct two property-rights models by introducing the two-directional integration setup in Grossman and Hart (1986) into Antras (2003) and Antras and Helpman (2004). One model features homogeneous firms; the other model features heterogeneous firms. In these models, a buyer firm and a seller firm choose one of three ownership structures: buyer integration of the seller, seller integration of the buyer, and outsourcing. Both firms’ idiosyncratic characteristics influence the choice of ownership structure. Predictions of the models are examined in a novel dataset of 209,062 buyer-seller relationships in 154 countries/territories. Both models receive strong and robust support. By allowing either firm to become the owner in an integrated relationship, this paper explains the coexistence of backward and forward integration, which occurs in 758 of the 2282 industry pairs that contain integrated relationships and is assumed away by the existing literature.
On the Merits of Transparency in Crisis: Effects of Answering vs. Evading through the Lens of Deception Theory

This article applies interpersonal deception theory (IDT) to crisis communication. As strategic communicators, spokespeople representing organizations in crisis often evade questions in media inter...
Tax Issues in the Sharing Economy: Implications for Workers

A growing number of individuals now perform work in the sector known as the “sharing economy,” and their participation raises important tax and regulatory questions. In this chapter, we survey some of the key tax issues confronting individuals operating in the sharing economy in the United States. Many of the tax implications that arise in sharing economy work stem from the threshold decision by many platforms to classify such individuals as independent contractors rather than employees. Therefore, we first discuss how the threshold classification decision affects the substantive and compliance-related tax issues faced by individuals operating in the sharing economy. We briefly summarize the doctrinal tax rules governing income taxation of sharing economy participants and discuss some of the compliance challenges experienced by these participants in fulfilling their tax obligations. The chapter then examines tax-related factors (such as lack of withholding) that may affect the labor-supply decisions of sharing economy participants. Finally, we discuss possible reforms that may help alleviate compliance challenges associated with work in this sector or may help these individuals make more informed decisions, and we explore the downsides of such reforms.