cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association between heterozygous β1-antitrypsin deficiency and genetic hemochromatosis

Primary hemochromatosis is a genetically determined autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the excessive accumulation of body iron, most of which is deposited in the parenchymal cells of various organs. alpha 1-Antitrypsin deficiency is characterized among others by defective secretion of alpha 1-antitrypsin from liver cells. Whereas the risk of cirrhosis is increased in homozygous patients (PI ZZ) and possible in heterozygous patients (non-PI MM) as well, a greater risk for hepatocellular carcinoma has been suggested only in homozygous patients. Because these two metabolic disorders are relatively common, it has been difficult to determine whether they are associated with each other. In this study, we tried to determine the relationship between these two disorders using the case material seen at the University of Pittsburgh during a 7-yr period. We studied 15 patients with genetic hemochromatosis. alpha 1-Antitrypsin quantitation and phenotyping were performed in each case using standard methods. The distribution of the various Pi phenotypes was compared with that found in a normal population and reported elsewhere. Odds ratio and chi 2 tests were used to measure the relative risk and significance of association, respectively. Eleven patients (73%) were found to be PI M and four (27%) were identified as being heterozygotes: three (20%) were PI MZ, and one (7%) was PI MS. The prevalence of the PI MS phenotype was similar to that in the general population (7% vs. 6.4%; NS). The PI MZ phenotype, however, was statistically more common in patients with hemochromatosis than in the general population (20% vs. 2.2%; p less than 0.004).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction Via Polynomial Principal Component Analysis

In this paper, we introduce Poly-PCA, a nonlinear dimensionality reduction technique which can capture arbitrary nonlinearities in high-dimensional and dynamic data. Instead of optimizing over the space of nonlinear functions of high-dimensional data Poly-PCA models the data as nonlinear functions in the latent variables, leading to relatively fast optimization. Poly-PCA can handle nonlinearities which do not preserve the topology and geometry of the latents. Applying Poly-PCA to a nonlinear dynamical system successfully recovered the phase-space of the latent variables.
Does the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use predict college students' use of on-campus mental health services?

Objective: 10–50% of college students meet the diagnostic criteria for one or more mental illnesses; unfortunately, less than half seek treatment. This study assessed the predictive power of specif...
Advances in Photodynamic Therapy for the Treatment of Malignant and Premalignant Lesions in Transplant Dermatology

Organ transplant recipients (OTRs) are at significant risk for the development of nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC). NMSC and precursor lesions tend to be more numerous, diffusely located, recurrent, and aggressive in OTRs compared to immunocompetent patients. Not surprisingly, cutaneous malignancy is therefore a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the OTR population. Given this significant disease burden, a great deal of interest has focused on the treatment and prevention of NMSC in OTRs. As a convenient and economical field-based therapy capable of treating large areas or multiple lesions simultaneously with excellent cosmetic outcomes, photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an attractive therapeutic option. Here we review the clinical data for the treatment and prevention of NMSC in OTR using PDT, including pretreatment and treatment considerations and associated risks.
Seeing Through the Clouds With DeepWaterMap

We present our next-generation surface water mapping model, DeepWaterMapV2, which uses improved model architecture, data set, and a training setup to create surface water maps at lower cost, with higher precision and recall. We designed DeepWaterMapV2 to be memory efficient for large inputs. Unlike earlier models, our new model is able to process a full Landsat scene in one-shot and without dividing the input into tiles. DeepWaterMapV2 is robust against a variety of natural and artificial perturbations in the input, such as noise, different sensor characteristics, and small clouds. Our model can even “see” through the clouds without relying on any active sensor data, in cases where the clouds do not fully obstruct the scene. Although we trained the model on Landsat-8 images only, it also supports data from a variety of other Earth observing satellites, including Landsat-5, Landsat-7, and Sentinel-2, without any further training or calibration. Our code and trained model are available at https://github.com/isikdogan/deepwatermap .
SIMULTANEOUS TAVR AND COMPLETE REVASCULARIZATION OF PROXIMAL AND NON-PROXIMAL CORONARY LESIONS DURING HEART FAILURE EXACERBATION A CASE REPORT

Patients referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) have incidental obstructive coronary lesions in 40-70% of the cases. Current recommendations support combined TAVR and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treatment of ostial/proximal lesions, or in unstable patients. The
Mammalian ATG9s drive the autophagosome formation by binding to LC3

ABSTRACT The autophagosome is a membranous organelle that executes macroautophagy (call autophagy hereafter for the sake of brevity). Although the biogenesis of autophagosome depends on continuous acquirement of necessary membrane components to support its growth, the underlying mechanism has remained uncertain. Herein, we report that the mammalian ATG9 family members (maATG9s) play master roles in this process. We show that maATG9s directly localize to the growing autophagosomal membrane through their Ubiquitin-interacting motives (UIMs), which interact with the UIM docking site (UDS) on LC3, a component of the autophagosomal membrane. Interrupting the UIM-UDS interaction abrogates the maATG9s-LC3 binding, the localization of maATG9s to the growing autophagosome, and the autophagosome formation. Collectively, our findings show the first evidence that maATG9s act as primary autophagosomal membrane components to drive the autophagosome formation. As autophagy has been implicated in many human diseases, the identified maATG9s-LC3 interaction may serve as a target for manipulating pathological autophagosome formation.
Associations of Sleep Measures with Retinal Microvascular Diameters among Police Officers

We examined cross-sectional associations of sleep measures with central retinal artery equivalent (CRAE) and central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and investigated whether sex and race/ethnicity m...
Optimal design of diode-laser-pumped monolithic solid-state nonplanar ring lasers

Diode-laser-pumped unidirectional nonplanar ring lasers are interesting because they have narrow linewidths and are resistant to optical feedback.1–3 Understanding the polarization characteristics of these monolithic nonplanar ring lasers is the key to optimizing their performance. We have performed a rigorous Jones matrix analysis4 of the eigenpolarizations of monolithic nonplanar ring lasers. Our theory enables us to design lasers with loss differences between the two directions of propagation that are orders of magnitude larger than in previously published designs. The larger values of loss splitting will lead to Improved resistance to optical feedback. Our theory also enables us to predict how the laser frequency will tune with changes in the applied magnetic field. Magnetic field tuning and an appropriate external standard make it possible to stabilize the frequency of the monolithic nonplanar ring laser.
Spatial and Temporal Variability of Drought Patterns over the Continental United States from Observations and Regional Climate Models

The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal structure of drought over the continental United States (CONUS) and their teleconnection at different timescales from observations and climate models. We use the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at 12- and 24-month timescales as the drought index. Spatial patterns of drought regimes are delineated by using the principal component analysis (PCA) while the temporal characteristics of the variability of each drought pattern and teleconnection with climate indices are analyzed by using the wavelet analysis. Wavelet coherence of the drought pattern and four climate indices: El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO), and North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) are analyzed. The results show that major drought patterns are located over the Northwest, South, Upper Midwest, and East regions. The spatial pattern of the drought regimes is similar for the 12- and 24-month timescale drought. ENSO influences the drought over West and South at decadal timescales throughout the study period (1950–2015) while intermittent significant coherence is observed at interannual timescale. The coherence of NAO and PDO with SPEI-12 is decreased during recent decades. Generally, regional climate model (RCM)-simulated drought patterns are more localized in a smaller area over the region compared to the spatial extent of observed drought patterns. Power spectra of seasonal to interannual variability (2–5-yr period) of all four drought patterns from RCM simulations are similar to those from the observations. However, at larger periodicities (decadal variations) among-RCM spread increases with increasing periods.
Response to selection for parasitism of a suboptimal, low-preference host in an aphid parasitoid.

Risks of postintroduction evolution in insects introduced to control invasive pests have been discussed for some time, but little is known about responses to selection or genetic architectures of host adaptation and thus about the likelihood or rapidity of evolutionary shifts. We report here results on the response to selection and genetic architecture of parasitism of a suboptimal, low-preference host species by an aphid parasitoid, Aphelinus rhamni, a candidate for introduction against the soy bean aphid, Aphis glycines. We selected A. rhamni for increased parasitism of Rhopalsiphum padi by rearing the parasitoid on this aphid for three generations. We measured parasitism of R. padi at generations 2 and 3, and at generation 3, we crossed and backcrossed parasitoids from the populations reared on R. padi with those from populations reared on Aphis glycines and compared parasitism of both R. padi and Aphis glycines among F 1 and backcross females. Aphelinus rhamni responded rapidly to selection for parasitism of R. padi. Selection for R. padi parasitism reduced parasitism of Aphis glycines, the original host of A. rhamni. However, parasitism of R. padi did not increase from generation 2 to generation 3 of selection, suggesting reduced variance available for selection, which was indeed found. We tested the associations between 184 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and increased parasitism of R. padi and found 28 SNP loci, some of which were associated with increased and others with decreased parasitism of R. padi. We assembled and annotated the A. rhamni genome, mapped all SNP loci to contigs and tested whether genes on contigs with SNP loci associated with parasitism were enriched for candidate genes or gene functions. We identified 80 genes on these contigs that mapped to 1.2 Mb of the 483 Mb genome of A. rhamni but found little enrichment of candidate genes or gene functions.
Emergency Room Physicians’ Levels of Anxiety, Depression, Burnout, and Coping Methods During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The present study is believed to be the first study to have evaluated the COVID-19 Pandemic’s effects on U.S. based emergency room (ER) physicians’ mental health. Specifically, the study assessed t...
Longitudinal transactional relations among young children's defiance and committed compliance and maternal assertive control.

The main goal of this study was to more closely understand the direction of relations between maternal behavior and young children's defiance and committed compliance. We examined 256 mother-child dyads to explore developmental transactional relations between maternal assertive control, children's committed compliance, and children's defiance at 18 (T1), 30 (T2), and 42 (T3) months of age. After controlling for maternal gentle control, SES, and child sex, results showed parent effects for children's committed compliance, such that T1 maternal assertive control negatively predicted T3 committed compliance. Furthermore, toddlers' behavior predicted T3 parenting; that is, toddlers' T1 defiance positively predicted T3 maternal assertive control. Results of the present study indicate relatively long-term prediction (to 42 months) from both parent and child behaviors at 18 months of age, and the findings have implications for understanding the bidirectional and complex processes that account for young children's adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.
The Role of SBA Loans in Small Business Survival after Disaster Events

Local businesses are important for recovering communities, yet program analyses of the effectiveness of Federal disaster loans—particularly for businesses—are limited and contradictory. This study ...
Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients on Chronic Dialysis.

Introduction Although oral P2Y12 inhibitors (P2Y12-Is) are one of the most commonly prescribed medication classes in patients with end stage kidney disease on dialysis (ESKD), scarce data exist regarding their benefits and risks. Methods We compared effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor in a longitudinal study using the United States Renal Data System registry of Medicare beneficiaries with ESKD. Individuals who filled new P2Y12-I prescriptions between 2011 and 2015 were included and followed until death or censoring. The primary exposure variable was P2Y12-I assignment. The primary outcome variable was death. Secondary outcomes included cardiovascular (CV) death, coronary revascularization, and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. Survival analyses were performed after propensity matching. Results Of 44,619 patients with ESKD who received P2Y12-Is, 95% received clopidogrel (n = 42,523), 3% prasugrel (n = 1205), and 2% ticagrelor (n = 891). To balance baseline differences, propensity-matching was performed: 1:6 for prasugrel (n = 1189) versus clopidogrel (n = 7134); 1:4 for ticagrelor (n = 880) versus clopidogrel (n = 3520); and 1:1 for ticagrelor versus prasugrel (n = 880). Prasugrel was associated with a reduced risk for death versus clopidogrel and ticagrelor (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.73–0.93 and 0.78; 95% CI: 0.64–0.95). Compared with clopidogrel, prasugrel reduced risk for coronary revascularization (HR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.86–0.96). There were no differences in GI hemorrhage between P2Y12-Is. Conclusion In patients with ESKD, prasugrel compared with others reduced risk of death possibly by reducing risk for coronary revascularizations and without worsening gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Future trials are imperative to compare efficacy and safety of P2Y12-Is in patients with ESKD.
A Student's Guide to Laplace Transforms

The Laplace transform is a useful mathematical tool encountered by students of physics, engineering, and applied mathematics, within a wide variety of important applications in mechanics, electronics, thermodynamics and more. However, students often struggle with the rationale behind these transforms, and the physical meaning of the transform results. Using the same approach that has proven highly popular in his other Student's Guides, Professor Fleisch addresses the topics that his students have found most troublesome; providing a detailed and accessible description of Laplace transforms and how they relate to Fourier and Z-transforms. Written in plain language and including numerous, fully worked examples. The book is accompanied by a website containing a rich set of freely available supporting materials, including interactive solutions for every problem in the text, and a series of podcasts in which the author explains the important concepts, equations, and graphs of every section of the book.
CONSTRUCTION AND PERFORMANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL BASE COURSE TEST SECTIONS BUILT WITH WASTE CALCIUM SULFATE, LIME, AND FLY ASH

Although a modest amount of information is available on the properties of lime-fly ash-calcium sulfate mixtures, little is known about their field performance. Consequently, an investigation was undertaken to determine the practical feasibility of using such mixtures as roadway base course materials. This study involved the construction and performance evaluation of four experimental pavement base course sections 100 ft long and 10 ft wide incorporating predetermined formulations of waste calcium sulfate (HF residue), lime and fly ash. Mix I was composed of 30 percent fine calcium sulfate, 5 percent lime, and 65 percent fly ash; Mix II consisted of 50 percent fine calcium sulfate, 5 percent lime, and 45 percent fly ash; Mix III contained 65 percent fine calcium sulfate, 5 percent lime, and 30 percent fly ash; and Mix IV was composed of 75 percent coarse calcium sulfate, 5 percent lime, and 20 percent fly ash. The results of a full range of laboratory studies and field evaluation of the performance of the experimental base course sections over an 18-month period indicated that all of the mixtures tested generally had adequate strength and durability and performed well in service. It was thus concluded that such mixtures show good promise for use as pozzolanic base or sub-base courses, and relatively large percentages of waste calcium sulfate can be successfully used in such mixtures. Mixtures II and III exhibited slightly higher strength and durability in laboratory tests and somewhat better performance in the field compared to Mixtures I and IV.
The Mechanism by which Cycloheximide and Related Glutarimide Antibiotics Inhibit Peptide Synthesis on Reticulocyte Ribosomes

Cycloheximide and related glutarimide antibiotics have been shown to affect binding, transfer enzyme II-dependent movement, and release of transfer RNA from the donor site of reticulocyte ribosomes, as well as both the initiation and extension of globin and phenylalanine peptides. They inhibit binding of deacylated tRNAphe to reticulocyte ribosomes in the absence of transfer enzymes at concentrations similar to those that inhibit peptide initiation. These concentrations are below those required for comparable inhibition of peptide extension or transfer enzyme II-dependent translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the acceptor to the donor ribosomal sites and appear to provide the basis for differential inhibition of peptide initiation and extension.
Distributed Resource Management Using Active Supervisory Predicate Control

We model the problem of Distributed Resource Management using supervisory predicate control, and develop a supervisor to manage the resources according to a desirable predicate. The desirable predicate states that resource requests (uncontrollable event) must be serviced according to some cost constraint. Traditional methods for developing the supervisor fail because an unconstrained sequence of uncontrollable events will always lead to a state in which the desired predicate does not hold, hence the controllable predicate would be false. We place a limit on the number of consecutive uncontrollable events for which cost-effective service is guaranteed, and define a dynamic controllable predicate. The dynamic controllable predicate enables the plant to utilize more of its state space than a static controllable predicate would allow. A dynamic controllable predicate requires the supervisor to actively manipulate the state of the plant using forced events in addition to the usual task of resticting controllable events.
Constrained Energy Optimizationin Heterogeneous Platforms UsingGeneralized Scaling Models

Platform energy consumption and responsiveness are two major considerations for mobile systems since they determine the battery life and user satisfaction, respectively. We first present models for power consumption, response time and energy consumption of heterogeneous mobile platforms. Then, we use these models to optimize the energy consumption of baseline platforms under response time and temperature constraints with and without introducing new resources. We show that the optimal design choices depend on dynamic power management algorithm, and adding new resources is more energy efficient than scaling existing resources alone.
Reasoning in Practical Situations

An automatic reasoning system usually consists of the following major components: (1) a formal language that represents knowledge, (2) a semantics that defines meaning and truth value in the language, (3) a set of inference rules that derives new knowledge from existing knowledge, (4) a memory that stores knowledge, and (5) a control mechanism that chooses premises and rules in each inference step. The first three components are usually referred to as a logic, or the logical part of the reasoning system, and the last two as an implementation of, or the control part of the system.
The New York Stock Exchange and the Commission Rate Struggle

♦Member, California Bar. 1. The NYSE commission rates and service charges are set forth in art. XV of the NYSE Constitution. See CCH NYSE Guide fl 1701. 2. This is the famous NYSE Rule 394, CCH NYSE Guide fl2394. The Exchange has issued a blanket exemption from the rule for most listed, guaranteed and preferred stocks. The list is published in CCH NYSE Guide fl 2394.10. Members are expected to execute transactions in these stocks on the Exchange unless a better market exists elsewhere, taking into account the price and size of the transaction. Subject to these restrictions, members may use the Third Market in these stocks if a better execution may be obtained.
FLAIR-robotic printed circuit board assembly workcell

The FLAIR (flexible assembly intelligent robot) workcell loads odd-shaped through-hole and surface-mount components onto printed circuit boards. It is 100% data driven, handles diverse components and boards in arbitrary batch sizes, uses computer vision for viewing components and boards, and incorporates sensor-based error detection and recovery, generic parts feeders, general purpose lead straightening, and lead clinching. It automatically calibrates cameras and robot. FLAIR functions either stand alone or are integrated into an assembly line. >
Results on $\sin 2\phi_2 (\alpha)$ from the B Factories

The status of CP violation in $B^0\to \pi^+\pi^-$ and the determination of $\sin 2\phi_2 (\alpha)$ from the $B$ factories is described.
U.N. launches global ecosystem assessment

One might be excused for thinking that a new Millennium Ecosystem Assessment to map the environmental health of the planet, and provide what is being called “the first comprehensive report card on the global environment,” might be a tad ambitious. “You bet” it's ambitious, said Angela Cropper at the launching of the Millennium Assessment (MA) at the United Nations in New York on June 5.
Conflict, Conquest, and Conversion: Two Thousand Years of Christian Missions in the Middle East [Review]

Compared to their counterparts in sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia, Christian missionaries in the modern Middle East affected relatively few formal conversions. Nevertheless, in the past 15 years, scholars have begin to appreciate how missionaries in the Middle East exerted far-reaching cultural, political, and economic influences on the region, through schools, hospitals, and other institutions. Scholars have also begin to appreciate how missionaries variously strengthened, mediated, and deflected forms of European and American imperialism, while forging long-distance connections between the Middle East and their home countries.
Consciousness: A Natural History

Thomas Nagel, in a review of John Searles (1992) book, The Rediscovery of the Mind, states that we do not really understand the claim that mental states are states of the brain. He follows this statement more finely with the remark that, We are still unable to form a conception of how consciousness arises in matter (Nagel, 1993, p. 40). The missing conception is, of course, really a missing answer:
Functional Electrical Stimulation Changes Dynamic Resources in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy

Background and Purpose. Children with cerebral palsy (CP) often are faced with difficulty in walking. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) applied to the gastrocnemius-soleus muscle complex on the ability to produce appropriately timed force and reduce stiffness (elastic property of the body) and on stride length and stride frequency during walking. Subjects and Methods. Thirteen children with spastic CP (including 4 children who were dropped from the study due to their inability to cooperate) and 6 children who were developing typically participated in the study. A crossover study design was implemented. The children with spastic CP were randomly assigned to either a group that received FES for 15 trials followed by no FES for 15 trials or a group that received no FES for 15 trials followed by FES for 15 trials. The children who were having typical development walked without FES. Kinematic data were collected for the children with CP in each walking condition and for the children who were developing typically. Impulse (force-producing ability) and stiffness were estimated from an escapement-driven pendulum and spring system model of human walking. Stride length and stride frequency also were measured. To compare between walking conditions and between the children with CP and the children who were developing typically, dimensional analysis and speed normalization procedures were used. Results. Nonparametric statistics showed that there was no significant difference between the children with CP in the no-FES condition and the children who were developing typically on speed-normalized dimensionless impulse. In contrast, the children with CP in the FES condition had a significantly higher median value than the children who were developing typically. The FES significantly increased speed-normalized dimensionless impulse from 10.02 to 16.32 when comparing walking conditions for the children with CP. No significant differences were found between walking conditions for stiffness, stride length, and stride frequency. Discussion and Conclusion. The results suggest that FES is effective in increasing impulse during walking but not in decreasing stiffness. The effect on increasing impulse does not result in more typical spatiotemporal gait parameters. [Ho CL, Holt KG, Saltzman E, Wagenaar RC. Functional electrical stimulation changes dynamic resources in children with spastic cerebral palsy. Phys Ther . 2006;86:987–1000.]
Normal Human Ejaculatory Duct Anatomy: A Study of Cadaveric and Surgical Specimens

AbstractPurpose: We examined the anatomy of the ejaculatory ducts in normal men and correlated findings with theories of ejaculatory duct obstruction.Materials and Methods: Gross and microscopic anatomical studies were performed on cadaveric and operative specimens derived from radical prostatectomy.Results: Histologically, the ejaculatory ducts are a continuation of the seminal vesicles. However, the thick muscle wall of the seminal vesicle is not present within the ejaculatory duct. Normal ejaculatory duct luminal and wall dimensions are remarkably uniform among men. A luminal diameter of greater than 2.3 mm. defines a dilated system statistically.Conclusions: The largely collagenous ejaculatory ducts may serve as simple semen conduits instead of muscular tubes with spasmodic, sphincteric or peristaltic properties. The anatomical findings presented suggest several possible mechanisms for the prevention of urinary reflux into the ejaculatory ducts.
New Antibody Assays for Cardiovascular Disease: Future Tools for the Clinical Chemist?

Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death in developed countries, a fact that underscores the importance of effective preventive measures. The accurate identification of those at risk for primary or recurrent events is essential for implementing preventive measures. Over the past several decades, this evaluation has been based on the assessment of classic risk factors, including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and smoking. It has been recognized, however, that a substantial proportion of individuals who develop coronary heart disease have only one or none of the classic cardiovascular risk factors, which has led to interest in identifying new genetic and nongenetic biomarkers to augment risk prediction and illuminate novel disease mechanisms. Other than measurements of lipids, there are currently no widely accepted biomarkers for cardiovascular screening in clinical practice. In the last decade, however, a number of circulating biomarkers in blood or urine have generated interest because of their success in predicting future cardiovascular events in ambulatory populations and because of their mechanistic involvement in atherosclerosis-associated pathways. These include biomarkers associated with inflammation (high sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2), hemostasis/thrombosis (fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1), neurohormonal activation (renin, B-type natriuretic peptide), insulin resistance (insulin, hemoglobin A1C), and endothelial dysfunction (homocysteine, urinary microalbuminuria). The incremental value of these biomarkers over conventional risk factors remains a source of debate (1). The majority of present biomarkers fall along pathways already known to be associated with atherosclerotic vascular disease, potentially limiting their ability to provide incremental clinical utility or new biological insight. However, technologies are emerging to enable the systematic characterization of variation in genes, RNA, and proteins in individuals with and without disease, permitting the discovery of biomarkers in a manner that is unbiased by current knowledge. In a study that illustrates the potential utility of a new class of cardiovascular …
THE VARIATION OF RADIATION SENSITIVITY OF BACTERIA FED TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS DURING THE GROWTH CYCLE AND FACTORS RELATED TO ITS ORIGIN

—Tetrahymena pyriformis shows a cyclic variation of sensitivity (for lethality) to u.v. light while the response to X-rays is almost constant throughout the growth (division to division) cycle. It is demonstrated in this paper, and elsewhere, that survival of caffeine treated animals is higher after higher doses than after the lower doses of radiation; such a response indicates that the increased radiation dose induces a resistant state not existing at lower doses. Response of synchronized animals to postirradiation treatment with caffeine is interpreted as indicating that recovery from the lethal effect of radiation has two components as previously postulated: (1) a caffeine sensitive recovery system (termed the ‘N’ system) and, (2) an activated recovery capacity (termed the 'T’ system) which is less sensitive to caffeine. The maximum activated (T) system repair capacity only equals the repair capacity of the (N) non-activated system for X-ray induced lesions and, since the N system does not seem to show a cyclic variation of effectiveness for X-ray induced lesions, the X-ray survival remains constant throughout the growth cycle. The repair capacity of the activated (T) repair system is, throughout most of the cycle and especially during the S period, much greater than that of the N system for u.v. induced lesions. Thus the u.v. response vanes in a manner largely dependent upon the capacity of the activated system and the fraction of the population showing the activated response; in G2, a time when the activated repair system is rather ineffective, the non-activated (N) system appears to become unusually efficient in the repair of u.v. induced lesions.
NYPL Labs: Hacking the Library

ABSTRACT Over the past couple of years, The New York Public Library has made significant strides in jumpstarting a digital humanities research program through the establishment of a curator-focused, R&D technology unit called NYPL Labs. This article will examine the first three projects produced by NYPL Labs, a trilogy of online experiments exploring methods of mining new humanities data sets from special collections material, and of translating the Library's public mission to the Web via user collaboration and crowdsourcing. In just two years, NYPL Labs has demonstrated how much can be accomplished when technical resources are focused and procedural constraints loosened, though the challenges of sustaining this work are already becoming apparent as the team must continue to innovate while maintaining a growing portfolio of projects.
The influence of irradiation and thermal creep on stress redistribution in fusion blankets

Abstract Creep processes, due to irradiation and thermal fields, have generally been assumed to relax stresses resulting from the loading of structural components. However, in order to determine failure modes and mechanisms, a global inelastic structural analysis is required. We have recently developed the STAIRE computer code to meet this need. This code is based on a modified beam theory for the self-consistent determination of stresses and deflections in beams of circular cross-section. The work is applied to the lifetime analysis of the M irror A dvanced R eactor S tudy (MARS) blanket modules. The objective of the present paper is to assess the global (3-dimensional) impact of both irradiation and thermal creep strains on the stresses resulting from thermal and swelling strains.
NoC Scheduling for Improved Application-Aware and Memory-Aware Transfers in Multi-core Systems

In a multi-core environment with several applications executing in parallel, system performance is significantly impacted by network and memory performance. The manner in which network packets and off-chip memory bound packets are handled determines end-to-end latencies across the network and memory. Several techniques have been proposed in the past that schedule packets in an application-aware manner or memory requests in a DRAM row/bank locality aware manner. In this paper, we propose a holistic framework that integrates novel scheduling techniques for both network and memory accesses and operates cohesively in an application-aware and memory-aware manner to optimize overall system performance. Experimental results indicate that our technique performs well for systems with high speed memories, improving system throughput by up to 16.7%, memory latency by up to 11%, and energy consumption by up to 10% compared to prior work on NoC packet scheduling.
Application of Chemical Immunomodulators to the Treatment of Cancer and AIDS

(1994). Application of Chemical Immunomodulators to the Treatment of Cancer and AIDS. Cancer Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 6, pp. 620-643.
The bent metallocene geometries of potassium polyalkyl cyclopentadienyl THF solvates: monosolvated [(THF)K(μ-C5Me5)]n, disolvated [(THF)2K(μ-C5Me5)]n and the tethered olefin complex [(THF)K(μ-C5Me4SiMe2CH2CHCH2)]n

THF-solvated KC 5 Me 5 and KC 5 Me 4 SiMe 2 CH 2 CHCH 2 complexes crystallize with extended structures that provide information on bent metallocenes containing potassium, [(μ-C 5 R 5 )K(μ-C 5 R 5 )] − . The substructures of [(THF)K(μ-C 5 Me 5 )] n , [(THF) 2 K(μ-C 5 Me 5 )] n , and [(THF)K(μ-C 5 Me 4 SiMe 2 CH 2 CHCH 2 )] n display (μ-C 5 R 5 )K(μ-C 5 R 5 ) angles of 137.9–143.7°. The olefin substituent in [(THF)K(μ-C 5 Me 4 SiMe 2 CH 2 CHCH 2 )] n approaches potassium with K⋯C distances of 3.58 and 4.20 A.
Computer optimization of elastic after-effect curves: Niobium relaxation from room temperature to 114 C

The elastic after-effect technique offers a logical method for extending internal friction measurements to lower temperatures than are normally possible with the torsion pendulum. This technique becomes particularly powerful when strain-time relaxation curves are analyzed using a non-linear least square optimization method. Such a procedure is described. As an example of its application, new data are presented that extend the range of measurement of the diffusion coefficient of oxygen in niobium to room temperature.
Characterizing the production of a wild-type and benomyl-resistant Fusarium lateritium for biocontrol of Eutypa lata on grapevine.

Benomyl-resistant (BR) and wild-type (WT) strains of Fusarium lateritium were examined for their tolerance to benomyl on potato dextrose agar (PDA) containing benomyl and control of the Eutypa lata in grapevine bioassays. The WT strain grew on PDA containing 1 μg/ml benomyl at 13, 26 and 29°C. The BR strain grew on PDA containing 10 μg/ml benomyl at 4°C, on PDA containing 100 μg/ml benomyl at 29°C, and on PDA containing 1000 μg/ml benomyl at 13 and 26°C. The BR strain was also able to colonize grapevine segments and control E. lata in the presence of 1000 μg/ml benomyl. Both strains were amenable to production via liquid fermentation and both achieved 100% control of E. lata in grapevine bioassays. Neither the duration of fermentation nor incubation temperature during grapevine bioassays influenced the efficacy of either strain against E. lata. The results suggest that application of BR F. lateritium alone or in combination with benomyl may provide good control of E. lata. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2001) 26, 151–155.
Azimuthal anisotropy: Ridges, recombination, and breaking of quark number scaling

Azimuthal anisotropy is studied by taking into account the ridges created by semihard scattering, which is sensitive to the initial spatial configuration in noncentral heavy-ion collisions. No rapid thermalization is required. Although hydrodynamics is not used in this study, the validity of hydrodynamical expansion is not excluded at later time after equilibration is achieved. Phenomenological properties of the bulk and ridge behaviors are used as inputs to determine the elliptic flow of pion and proton at low p{sub T}. At intermediate p{sub T} the recombination of shower partons with thermal partons becomes more important. The {phi} dependence arises from the variation of the in-medium path length of the hard parton that generates the shower. The p{sub T} dependence of v{sub 2} is therefore very different at intermediate p{sub T} compared to that at low p{sub T}. Quark number scaling of v{sub 2} is shown to be only approximately valid at low p{sub T}, but is broken at intermediate p{sub T}, even though recombination is the mechanism of hadronization in all p{sub T} regions considered.
THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID HORMONES ON NORMAL RAT-LIVER MITOCHONDRIA. II. THYROXINE EFFECTS ON PRETREATED MITOCHONDRIA.

Abstract 1. 1. Dilution of a sucrose suspension of mitochondria with an equal volume of deionized H2O lowered the respiratory control and permitted a number of thyroxine- induced effects to be observed. 2. 2. The most immediate effect of thyroxine was an increase in the rate of succinate oxidation. This was followed at about 1 min by a further drop in respiratory control and at 2 min by an increase in adenosine-5′-triphosphatase activity. These effects all contributed to a reduction in phosphorylation efficiency in the presence of thyroxine. 3. 3. Although thyroxine increased the rate of mitochondrial swelling, beginning at approx. 2 min after the start of the incubation, this effect was clearly not associated with any of the other thyroxine effects except possibly the stimulation of adenosine-5′-triphosphatase activity. 4. 4. The results support other work in which thyroxine stimulates succinate oxidation under conditions in which it is not limited by the phosphorylative capacity of the mitochondria.
The vascular determinants of reversible rejection.

Abstract Forty-four mongrel dogs underwent renal homotransplantation. The kidneys were returned to the original donor after 1 to 7 days temporary residence without immunosuppression. The ability of the animal to survive removal of the nontransplanted kidney was correlated with the histology of the transplant at the time of maximum rejection. No animal showing occlusion and necrosis of small to medium-sized arteries and interstitial hemorrhage was able to reverse the process of kidney destruction sufficiently to survive. All histologic changes up to the point of loss of vascular integrity were sufficiently reversible to permit survival of the animal.
The cyanide-resistant alternative oxidases from the fungi Pichia stipitis and Neurospora crassa are monomeric and lack regulatory features of the plant enzyme.

Both plant and fungal mitochondria have cyanide-resistant alternative oxidases that use reductant from the mitochondrial ubiquinone pool to reduce oxygen to water in a reaction that conserves no energy for ATP synthesis. The dimeric plant alternative oxidase is relatively inactive when its subunits are linked by a disulfide bond. When this bond is reduced, the enzyme can then be stimulated by its activators, alpha-keto acids. A Cys in the N-terminal section of the protein is responsible for both of these features. We examined the alternative oxidases in mitochondria isolated from two fungi Neurospora crassa and Pichia stipitis for dimeric structure, ability to form an intermolecular disulfide, and sensitivity to alpha-keto acids. Neither of the two fungal alternative oxidases could be covalently linked by diamide, which induces disulfide bond formation between nearby Cys residues, nor could they be cross-linked by a Lys-specific reagent or glutaraldehyde at concentrations which cross-link the plant alternative oxidase dimer completely. Alternative oxidase activity in fungal mitochondria was not stimulated by the alpha-keto acids pyruvate and glyoxylate. Pyruvate did stimulate activity when succinate was the respiratory substrate, but this was not a direct effect on the alternative oxidase. In contrast, added GMP was a strong activator of fungal alternative oxidase activity. Analysis of plant and fungal alternative oxidase protein sequences revealed a unique domain of about 40 amino acids surrounding the regulatory Cys in the plant sequences that is not present in the fungal sequences. This domain may be where dimerization of the plant enzymes occurs. In contrast to plant enzymes, the fungal alternative oxidases studied here are monomeric and their activities are independent of alpha-keto acids.
H2 Raman‐shifted YAG laser ultraviolet Raman spectrometer operating at wavelengths down to 184 nm

Apparatus is described for the acquisition of Raman spectra with excitation at wavelengths as short as 184 nm. The H2 Raman-shifted output of an Nd:YAG laser is directed on to a free-flowing sample, and the Raman photons are collected and dispersed by a scanning 1.26 m single monochromator equipped with a 2400 groove holographic grating and a solar blind phototube with integrating electronics, or by a 0.5 m spectrograph with an 1800 groove holographic grating and a reticon multi-channel detector. Data for air-sensitive samples are obtained by enclosing the sample jet in an inert gas purged shroud equipped with a UV-transparent optical window. Raman spectra are reported for phenylalanine at a series of excitation wavelengths down to 184 nm. They show a sharp transition between 200 and 192 nm from vibronic to Franck–Condon scattering. At 200 nm, the intensities of the vibronically induced ν8a and ν8b modes, at 1606 and 1586 cm−1, are nearly the same as that of the 1000 cm−1 ν1 ring breathing mode, whereas at 192 nm the relative intensities of the former bands are dramatically dimished. In contrast, the ν8a and ν8b modes of tyrosine continue to show enhancement comparable to the ring breathing modes at 192 nm, the maximum of the strong 1Bα, b tyrosine absorption. The spectrum of insulin at 192 nm shows comparable contributions from tyrosine, phenylalanine and amide vibrations, whereas at 200 and 218 nm excitation the aromatic contributions are dominant.
Distribution of histochemically reactive zinc in the forebrain of the rat.

Abstract The major cytoarchitectonic regions of the rat brain that stain with the Timm-Danscher metal stain were tested with the flourescent probe for zinc, 6-methoxy 8-para toluene sulfonamide quinoline (TSQ). Throughout most of the striatum, cerebral cortex and limbic system, the diffuse, even neuropil staining produced by the Timm-Danscher method was mirrored by comparable fluorescence in TSQ-stained sections. Blockade of the TSQ fluorescence by prior treatment with sulphide indicated that the Timm Danscher and the TSQ procedures both labeled the same pool of endogenous metal, which is inferred to be the zinc that is in axonal boutons. It is concluded that the Timm Danscher staining generally indicates zinc-containing axonal boutons. The distribution of the zinc-containing axonal boutons throughout the forebrain is described.
Right Ventricular Dysfunction During Intensive Pharmacologic Unloading Persists After Mechanical Unloading

Background Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction is associated with adverse outcomes in heart failure (HF). Mechanical unloading should be more effective than pharmacologic therapy to reduce RV afterload and improve RV function. We compared RV size and function after aggressive medical unloading therapy to that achieved in the same patients after 3 months of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support.
Thromboembolism after pneumonectomy for malignancy: An independent marker of poor outcome

Objective Because venous thromboembolism results in important postoperative morbidity and mortality after pneumonectomy for malignancy, we sought to determine its prevalence, location, management, timing, and risk factors. We also evaluated short- and long-term outcomes of patients in whom venous thromboembolism developed compared with those of patients in whom it did not. Methods Between January 1990 and January 2001, 336 patients underwent pneumonectomy for malignancy. Patients were considered to have venous thromboembolism if they were identified as having deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolus through chart review, including pulmonary imaging studies. All patients were managed with anticoagulation or anticoagulation plus thrombolysis. Results Twenty-five (7.4%) patients had postoperative venous thromboembolism, with peak incidence 7 days after the operation; most had already been discharged from the hospital. Higher pack-years of smoking was associated with increased risk, as well as with earlier occurrence of venous thromboembolism ( P P = .02). Patients with venous thromboembolism had substantially lower survival than predicted from competing-risks analysis of survival without venous thromboembolism (13% vs 60% at 18 months), and this difference persisted after censoring for deaths directly attributable to venous thromboembolism. Conclusions Venous thromboembolism is surprisingly common after pneumonectomy for malignancy and portends poor survival. Improved screening and better prophylaxis might prevent this complication and enhance outcome.
Cecal volvulus: The CT whirl sign

Cecal volvulus is a rare, but potentially fatal, cause of intestinal obstruction. As computed tomographic (CT) scanning is often the initial diagnostic test in patients with acute abdominal pain, we reiterate the importance of the "whirl sign" in diagnosing intestinal volvulus. We report the first description of the CT diagnosis of cecal volvulus.