cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High resolution simulations of Arctic sea ice, 1979–1993

To evaluate improvements in modelling Arctic sea ice, we compare results from two regional models at 1/12° horizontal resolution. The first is a coupled ice–ocean model of the Arctic Ocean, consisting of an ocean model (adapted from the Parallel Ocean Program, Los Alamos National Laboratory [LANL]) and the “old” sea ice model. The second model uses the same grid but consists of an improved “new” sea ice model (LANL/ CICE) with a simple ocean mixed layer. Both models are forced with European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts reanalysis data for 1979–1993. A comparison of the two sea ice models focuses on the winter of 1987 to emphasize the internal ice stress and to minimize biases towards a particular Arctic climate regime. The “new” sea ice model gives improved ice deformation and drift fields. These improvements are associated at least in part with the multi-category representation of the ice thickness distribution and more realistic parameterization of the ice strength. Long, narrow features in ice divergence and shear fields resemble those observed in SAR imagery, except that their average width is overestimated, possibly due to insufficient horizontal resolution. We also compare the mean sea ice drift and its decadal variability in two “old” sea ice models at different horizontal resolutions: 18-km and 9-km. We find no significant change in ice drift between the two models, except in areas of significant ice–ocean interactions due to more realistic ocean currents and water mass properties in the 9-km model.
Multidimensionality in planar chromatography

Multidimensionality in planar chromatography takes on a broader context than is common for column separations. Multidimensional methods used to improve the separation capacity in planar chromatography include unidimensional multiple development and two-dimensional development practiced under conditions of capillary controlled or forced flow of the mobile phase, mobile phase gradients and system automation. Theoretical considerations, the correct approach to methods development, instrumental requirements and contemporary applications of these approaches are outlined in this review. Interfacing column chromatographic methods, such as gas, liquid or supercritical fluid as one dimension and planar chromatography as the second, are not commonly mentioned in the literature but offer some unique possibilities for enhancing both separations and detection. These approaches are outlined here with a view to increasing the awareness of their potential for complex mixture analysis, component identification and trace analysis.
Attenuated zymosan-induced peritoneal vascular permeability and IgE-dependent passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice lacking leukotriene C4 synthase.

Leukotriene C4 synthase (LTC4S), the terminal 5-lipoxygenase pathway enzyme that is responsible for the biosynthesis of cysteinyl leukotrienes, has been deleted by targeted gene disruption to define its tissue distribution and integrated pathway function in vitro and in vivo. The LTC4S −/−mice developed normally and were fertile. LTC4S activity, assessed by conjugation of leukotriene (LT) A4 methyl ester with glutathione, was absent from tongue, spleen, and brain and ≥ 90% reduced in lung, stomach, and colon of the LTC4S −/− mice. Bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) from the LTC4S −/− mice provided no LTC4 in response to IgE-dependent activation. Exocytosis and the generation of prostaglandin D2, LTB4, and 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid by BMMC from LTC4S −/− mice andLTC4S +/+ mice were similar, whereas the degraded product of LTA4, 6-trans-LTB4, was doubled in BMMC fromLTC4S −/− mice because of lack of utilization. The zymosan-elicited intraperitoneal extravasation of plasma protein and the IgE-mediated passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in the ear were significantly diminished in the LTC4S −/− mice. These observations indicate that LTC4S, but not microsomal or cytosolic glutathione S-transferases, is the major LTC4-producing enzyme in tissues and that its integrated function includes mediation of increased vascular permeability in either innate or adaptive immune host inflammatory responses.
Effects of Timing and Level of Degree Attained on Depressive Symptoms and Self-Rated Health at Midlife

Objectives. We examined whether attaining a higher educational degree after 25 years of age was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and better self-rated health at midlife than was not attaining a higher educational degree.Methods. We analyzed data from National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, restricting our sample to respondents who had not attained a bachelor's degree by 25 years of age (n = 7179). We stratified all regression models by highest degree attained by 25 years of age.Results. Among respondents with no degree, a high school diploma, or a post–high school certificate at 25 years of age, attaining at least a bachelor's degree by midlife was associated with fewer depressive symptoms and better self-rated health at midlife compared with respondents who did not attain a higher degree by midlife. Those with an associate's degree at 25 years of age who later attained a bachelor's degree or higher reported better health at midlife.Conclusions. Attaining at least a bachelor's degree after 25 year...
RF performance degradation in pMOS transistors due to hot carrier and soft breakdown effects

Hot carrier and soft breakdown stress on pMOS RF devices has been examined. The cut-off frequency and the S-parameters degrade with stress. The measured threshold voltage shifts negatively and mobility decreases after stress. It is our understanding that this is the first attempt to investigate hot carrier and soft breakdown effects on RF performance of pMOS transistors and first reporting of negative shift in threshold voltage.
Development of mid-IR lasers for Laser Remote Sensing

There is an existing need in JPL and in NASA for development of mid-IR lasers, such as Quantum Cascade (QC) lasers, for in-situ and remote laser spectrometers. Mid-IR, compact, low power consumption laser spectrometers have a great potential for detection and measurements of planetary gases and biological important biomarker molecules such as H20, H202, CH4, and many additional chemical species on Mars and other Solar system planets. Another potential application of QC lasers for future NASA mission is in high power remote Laser Reflectance Spectrometers (LRS). In LSR instrument, mid-infrared lasers will act as the illumination source for conducting active mid-IR reflectance spectroscopy of solid-surfaced objects in the outer Solar System. These spectrometers have the potential to provide an incredible amount of information about the compositions of surfaces in the outer Solar System. In this work, we will discuss our current effort at JPL to advance QC lasers to a level that the laser performance, operational requirements and reliability be compatible with the instruments demands for space exploration applications.
INTERPRETATION OF THE "CITY HALL RIOTS" AS A FUNCTION OF GENERAL DOGMATISM

On May 13, 1960, rhe House Committee on Un-American Activities (HCUA) continued its hearings (begun several days earlier) on the left wing activities in the San Francisco Bay area. A disturbance took place outside of the chambers of the San Francisco City Hall, in which the hearings were being held. Students and other individuals picketing the hearings inside of the ciry hall clashed with police. This disturbance had nation-wide publicity at the time of its occurrence and has remained a subject of controversy. The demonstrators held that they did not initiate the clash, and further, that they were well within their legal rights to picket the proceedings. J. Edgar Hoover, in a statement (the "Hoover report") described the picketing as communist inspired and said that the demonstrators were responsible for the clash with the police. The movie, "Operation Abolitio~," endorsed by the HCUA, presents the position that communist inspired students were responsible for the disturbance. The record, "Sounds of Protest," produced by students, presents a poinc of view in direct opposition to that expressed in "Operation Abolition." Quice clearly, two opposing positions can be taken with respect to this disturbance. A study by Simos (1956) demonstrates that there is a relation between the degree of generalized ethnocentrism shown by Ss and their attitudes toward specific controversial issues. The present study is an attempt to determine whether degree of general dogmatism, as measured by Rokeach's ( 1956) D scale (which presumably measures authoritarianism of the "left" as well as of the "right") is related to the position take by Ss regarding the demonstrations against the HCUA.
Telomerase catalysis: A phylogenetically conserved reverse transcriptase

Replication of telomeres, the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, is the responsibility of the enzyme telomerase. Since its discovery 13 years ago, research on this unusual DNA polymerase has revealed a series of surprises. The first of these was the realization that information within the enzyme itself determines the sequence of its product: a portion of a telomerase RNA subunit is the template that dictates the nucleotides added onto the telomere (1, 2). The interest in telomere replication has increased further during the past several years because of observations indicating that maintenance of telomere length by telomerase could provide the molecular basis for determining the lifespan of cells in culture (3). The most recent insight has been the discovery that telomerase is a reverse transcriptase (4, 5), with catalysis provided by a protein subunit with striking similarities to conventional reverse transcriptases. The genes encoding the TERT (for telomerase reverse transcriptase; reviewed in ref. 6) proteins have been recovered from a diversity of species. Each of these proteins exhibits sequence features previously observed in reverse transcriptases, as well as a telomerase-specific T motif (ref. 7 and references therein). Mutation of key residues predicted to be critical for catalysis (by comparison to the reverse transcriptase active site) abolishes telomerase activity in yeast and humans (4, 5, 8), and expression of the human RNA and TERT subunits in an in vitro translation system is sufficient to reconstitute activity (8, 9). Although reliance on a templating RNA component had already suggested parallels between this enzyme and other RNA-dependent DNA polymerases, the demonstration that the telomerase catalytic subunit exhibited structural and enzymatic similarities to conventional reverse transcriptases provided direct mechanistic support for these comparisons. This result also has striking implications for reverse transcriptase evolution (10, 11 …
A National Survey of Teachers' Promotion of Self-Determination and Student-Directed Learning

This article describes the findings of a national survey of teachers' opinions regarding the value of self-determination and issues relating to teaching skills leading to this outcome. Respondents were secondary-level educators serving students with varying types and severity of disabling conditions. Findings indicated that a majority of respondents believed that instruction in self-determination was important, but teachers differed in their responses regarding the strategies taught and the extent and type of instruction provided based on the severity of the student's disability. Implications for educational practice are discussed.
Comparison of Sequencing by Hybridization and Cycle Sequencing for Genotyping of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase

The performances of two methods of nucleotide sequencing were compared for the detection of drug resistance mutations in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (RT) in viruses isolated from highly RT inhibitor-experienced individuals. Of 11,677 amino acids deduced from population PCR products by both cycle sequencing and sequencing by hybridization to high-density arrays of oligonucleotide probes, 97.4% were concordant by both methods, 0.8% were discordant, and 1.7% had an ambiguous determination by at least one method. A higher rate of discordance (3.9%) was observed among RT inhibitor resistance-associated codons. In 45% of the isolates, RT codon 67 was deduced as the wild-type Asp by hybridization sequencing but as the zidovudine resistance-associated Asn by cycle sequencing. In other resistance-associated codon discordances, cycle sequencing also more commonly called a known resistance-associated amino acid than hybridization sequencing did. The nucleotide sequence in the vicinity of several codons with discordant calls influenced population-based hybridization sequencing. For isolates evaluated by additional sequencing of molecular clones of PCR products by both methods, the discordance between methods was less frequent (0.4% of all 5,994 amino acids and 0 of 494 drug resistance-associated codons). At positions which were discordant or ambiguous in the population sequences, the results of sequencing of clones by both methods were usually in agreement with the population cycle sequencing result. In summary, most RT codons were highly concordant by both methods of population-based sequencing, with discordances due in large part to genetic mixtures within or adjacent to discordant codons.
Challenges and opportunities in patient-specific, motion-managed and PET/CT-guided radiation therapy of lung cancer: review and perspective

The increasing interest in combined positron emission tomography (PET) and computed tomography (CT) to guide lung cancer radiation therapy planning has been well documented. Motion management strategies during treatment simulation PET/CT imaging and treatment delivery have been proposed to improve the precision and accuracy of radiotherapy. In light of these research advances, why has translation of motion-managed PET/CT to clinical radiotherapy been slow and infrequent? Solutions to this problem are as complex as they are numerous, driven by large inter-patient variability in tumor motion trajectories across a highly heterogeneous population. Such variation dictates a comprehensive and patient-specific incorporation of motion management strategies into PET/CT-guided radiotherapy rather than a one-size-fits-all tactic. This review summarizes challenges and opportunities for clinical translation of advances in PET/CT-guided radiotherapy, as well as in respiratory motion-managed radiotherapy of lung cancer. These two concepts are then integrated into proposed patient-specific workflows that span classification schemes, PET/CT image formation, treatment planning, and adaptive image-guided radiotherapy delivery techniques.
Facile preparation of 6‐Chloro‐9‐amino‐2‐hydroxyacridine, a urinary metabolite of quinacrine and quinacrine mustard

6-Chloro-9-amino-2-hydroxyacridine was found to be a metabolite of both quinacrine and the antimalarial alkylating agent quinacrine mustard. Its structure was confirmed by a onestep reaction of quinacrine with 48% hydrobromic acid. The presence of this compound as a metabolite of quinacrine mustard suggests a possible in vivo activation mechanism for its antitumor activity and a pharmacological basis for its toxicity to the liver. In vitro experiments showed that this new compound does react with chromosomes and, therefore, can be both a useful chromosome stain and an intercalating agent.
Racial and ethnic differences in asthma and mental health among US adults: results from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health.

AbstractObjective: Evaluate the racial and ethnic differences in asthma and mental health comorbidity. Methods: A secondary analysis of 2008–2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health was conducted, resulting in a total of 206 993 civilian adult respondents to evaluate the association between asthma and mental health (past year serious psychological distress [SPD] and doctor diagnosis of depression). Both survey weighted bivariate (chi-square) and multivariable (binary logistic) regression analyses, after accounting for control variables, were conducted to evaluate the asthma/mental health nexus. A p value of less than 0.05 was used to denote significance. Results: Current asthma was significantly associated with past year SPD for non-Hispanic Whites (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.45), Hispanics (aOR = 1.68), and Black/African Americans (aOR = 1.47). A similar association was noted for current asthma and past year doctor diagnosis of depression (non-Hispanic White aOR = 1.74; Hispanics aOR = 1.77; Black/...
PRACTICE GUIDELINES AND THEIR ROLE IN QUALITY ASSURANCE AND COST EFFECTIVENESS

In a political and economic context, a basic goal of health care is: appropriate outcomes from appropriate services for appropriate costs in the context of a societal agreement on resources available. One way that the issue of appropriate medical services may be approached is through guidelines established by professional societies. The work of the American College of Physicians (ACP) in its Clinical Efficacy Assessment Project (CEAP) and its development of guidelines is described. In order that guidelines be effective and that practice behavior be modified to conform more to data on effectiveness and less to habit, four components are necessary: valid information from a credible source backed by an incentive within a receptive environment. Each of these components is described.
Non-derivative algorithm for optimization and control of steady-state systems

A non-derivative algorithm for determining and maintaining the optimum steady-stale operating point of an industrial process is proposed. The method employs the curve fitting technique to construct an approximate linear model which can match the output at each iteration and match the required derivatives of reality at the optimum point. In order to update the process control vectors and ensure that the objective descends, a Newton step technique and an augmented term are then used. The algorithm's convergence and optimality conditions are investigated under mild assumptions. Simulation results show that the new algorithm requires less set-point changes, and exhibits a higher convergent rate than a previous non-derivative method.
Modeling dietary patterns to assess sodium recommendations for nutrient adequacy

Background: The 2010 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee report contained dietary patterns developed by using nutrient-dense foods. In most cases, low-sodium forms of foods were incorporated into the patterns. Objectives: We wanted to determine whether choosing lower-sodium foods could lower the sodium content to 1500 mg without compromising nutrient adequacy. We also explored the effect of choosing typical foods (more calories with higher sodium) and the feasibility of implementing sodium recommendations on a density basis (mg Na/kcal). Design: Food patterns developed during the 2010 Dietary Guidelines development process were used as the base for this analysis. Modeling was then used to analyze the effect of substituting lowersodium foods on nutrient adequacy. Results: Sodium amounts in the base model varied directly with energy level (1.0 mg Na/kcal) and ranged from 996 to 3176 mg/d. Amounts in the lowest-sodium model also varied with energy level (w0.5 mg/kcal) and ranged from 500 to 1250 mg/d. A comparison of sodium density for the base and the lowest sodium models showed that sodium in the lowest model is w50% of the base. For typical food choices, sodium amounts were much higher (1.6–2.0 mg/kcal and 1715–5078 mg/d). Comparison of sodium density for the base and the typical food choice models showed that amounts were 1.6– 2.0 times greater than the base. Conclusion: By choosing only low-sodium foods, it was possible to construct nutritionally adequate dietary patterns with 1500 mg Na/d. Sodium density (mg Na/kcal) is a practical approach for expressing sodium recommendations. Am J Clin Nutr doi: 10.3945/ajcn. 112.047779.
Interpretation of Reflection and Transmission Spectra for Thin Films: Reflection:

The optical behavior of a thin film (i.e., peak positions and intensities of infrared spectra) has been discussed for reflection under a thin-film approximation. The reflection spectra of anisotropic and isotropic thin films on various substrates (transparent, dielectric and absorbing, and semi-metal) have been simulated at various angles of incidence in the infrared region for external and internal reflection. For spectral simulation, the matrix method has been used in conjunction with noise-free complex refractive indices based on dispersion theory. The peak positions in the simulated spectra have been compared with transverse optic and longitudinal optic frequencies based on macroscopic theory. The simulated peak intensities for the films have been compared with the prediction based on the thin-film approximation. The optical behavior of reflection spectra has also been examined in detail for a thin film on water or highly oriented pyrolytic graphite.
Identification and quantification of water-soluble metabolites by cryoprobe-assisted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy applied to microbial fermentation.

We highlight a range of cryoprobe-assisted NMR methods for studying metabolite production by cyanobacteria, which should be valuable for a wide range of biological applications requiring ultrasensitivity and precise concentration determination over a large dynamic range. Cyroprobe-assisted 1H and 13C NMR have been applied to precise determination of metabolic products excreted during autofermentation in two cyanobacterial species: filamentous Arthrospira (Spirulina) maxima CS-328 and unicellular Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002. Several fermentative end products were identified and quantified in concentrations ranging from 50 to 3000 µM in cell-free media (a direct measurement of native-like samples) with less than 5.5% relative error in under 10 min of acquisition per sample with the assistance of an efficient water-suppression protocol. Relaxation times (T1) of these metabolites in aqueous (1H2O) solution were measured and found to vary by nearly threefold, necessitating generation of individual calibration curves for each species for highest precision. However, using a 4.5 × longer overall recycle delay between scans, the metabolite concentrations can be predicted within 25% error by calibrating only to a single calibration standard (succinate); other metabolites are then calculated on the basis of their signal integrals and known proton degeneracies. Precise ratios of concentrations of 13C-labeled versus unlabeled metabolites were determined from integral ratios of 1H peaks that exhibit 13C1H J-couplings and independently confirmed by direct measurement of areas of corresponding 13C resonances. 13C NMR was used to identify and quantify production of osmolytes, trehalose, and glucosylglycerol by A. maxima. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rex1/Zfp42 as an epigenetic regulator for genomic imprinting

Zfp42/Rex1 (reduced expression gene 1) is a well-known stem-cell marker that has been duplicated from YY1 in the eutherian lineage. In the current study, we characterized the in vivo roles of Rex1 using a mutant mouse line disrupting its transcription. In contrast to the ubiquitous expression of YY1, Rex1 is expressed only during spermatogenesis and early embryogenesis and also in a very limited area of the placenta. Yet, the gene dosage of Rex1 is very critical for the survival of the late-stage embryos and neonates. This delayed phenotypic consequence suggests potential roles for Rex1 in establishing and maintaining unknown epigenetic modifications. Consistently, Rex1-null blastocysts display hypermethylation in the differentially methylated regions (DMRs) of Peg3 and Gnas imprinted domains, which are known to contain YY1 binding sites. Further analyses confirmed in vivo binding of Rex1 only to the unmethylated allele of these two regions. Thus, Rex1 may function as a protector for these DMRs against DNA methylation. Overall, the functional connection of Rex1 to genomic imprinting represents another case where newly made genes have co-evolved with lineage-specific phenomena.
Efficient Translation of Algorithmic Kernels on Large-Scale Multi-cores

In this paper we present the design of a novelembedded processor architecture (which we call a μ-core) that makes use of a reconfigurable ALU. This core serves as the basis of custom 2-dimensional array architectures that can be used to accelerate algorithms such as cryptography and image processing. An efficient translation and mapping of instructions from the multi-core grid to the individual processor cores is proposed and illustrated with an implementation of the AES encryption algorithm on custom-sized grids. A simulation model was developed using Simulink and the performance analysis suggests a positive trend towards the development and utilization of such hardware.
Modulation of cardiovascular toxicity in Hodgkin lymphoma: potential role and mechanisms of aerobic training

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) outcomes have improved due to advances in cancer treatment. However, HL survivors remain at increased risk for cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality related to the long-term cardiotoxicity of HL treatment, particularly anthracycline chemotherapy and mediastinal radiotherapy. The role of aerobic training for the prevention of CV disease in the general population has been well established. However the safety and efficacy of aerobic training on CV outcomes has not been well studied in HL survivors. The purpose of this paper is to provide an up-to-date summary of the treatment-related adverse CV effects in HL survivors, review the CV benefits of exercise and review the limited evidence on the potential CV benefit of aerobic training in HL survivors.
The Good, the Bad, and the Tiny: A Simple, Mechanistic-Probabilistic Model of Virus-Nutrient Colimitation in Microbes.

For phytoplankton and other microbes, nutrient receptors are often the passages through which viruses invade. This presents a bottom-up vs. top-down, co-limitation scenario; how do these would-be-hosts balance minimizing viral susceptibility with maximizing uptake of limiting nutrient(s)? This question has been addressed in the biological literature on evolutionary timescales for populations, but a shorter timescale, mechanistic perspective is lacking, and marine viral literature suggests the strong influence of additional factors, e.g. host size; while the literature on both nutrient uptake and host-virus interactions is expansive, their intersection, of ubiquitous relevance to marine environments, is understudied. I present a simple, mechanistic model from first principles to analyze the effect of this co-limitation scenario on individual growth, which suggests that in environments with high risk of viral invasion or spatial/temporal heterogeneity, an individual host’s growth rate may be optimized with respect to receptor coverage, producing top-down selective pressure on short timescales. The model has general applicability, is suggestive of hypotheses for empirical exploration, and can be extended to theoretical studies of more complex behaviors and systems.
Abstract A14: Epigenetic alterations reactivate a novel mechanism of Myc-induced apoptosis

Cancer initiation and progression is often driven by dysregulation of the Myc oncoprotein. The tumorigenic consequences of aberrant Myc expression emerge from its potential to broadly regulate gene expression. Alterations in gene expression resulting from specific epigenetic modifications contribute to the Myc oncogenic program to facilitate tumor development. As such, inhibitors targeting a certain class of chromatin-modifying enzymes have demonstrated therapeutic potential in treating malignancies, resulting in selective killing of cancer cells. However, the molecular events underlying the tumor cell-selective apoptosis are incompletely resolved. We determined that inhibition of specific epigenetic-modifying enzymes in cancers of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin relieved the Myc-mediated transcriptional repression of specific genes. This transcriptional switch resulted in Myc-driven upregulation of these genes, which subsequently decreased the expression of crucial pro-survival genes, inducing apoptosis in multiple cancers. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Myc transcriptionally upregulated these genes in normal cells as a means to prevent cellular transformation, revealing a mechanism whereby Myc induces apoptosis independent of the p53 tumor suppressor. Our data reveal a Myc-regulated mechanism of cell death that underlies the apoptotic consequences of inhibiting a class of epigenetic modifiers. This apoptotic mechanism offers new insights that should aid in improving therapies for the 70% of human cancers that have dysregulated MYC. Note: This abstract was not presented at the conference. Citation Format: Clare M. Adams, Christine M. Eischen. Epigenetic alterations reactivate a novel mechanism of Myc-induced apoptosis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A14.
Raman scattering in β − alumina

The Raman spectra of the ionic conductor Na $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ and several of its cation-substituted isomorphs have been studied at temperatures from 4.2 to 900 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. For the Na, Ag, K, and Rb isomorphs, but not for Li, lowfrequency vibrations are observed which attributed to vibrations of the mobile cations with displacements parallel to the conducting planes. In several cases the frequencies and widths of these vibrations are quite different from those measured by infrared reflectivity. A calculation of the contribution of dipolar interactions to the in-phase vibrations of the cations shows that the resulting corrections are sizable, but are essentially identical for ir and Raman modes. The differences in the spectra may be due to a difference in the samples used. A quasielastic scattering wing is observed at high temperatures in Ag $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$. The estimated width of this feature is consistent with the ionic hopping rate caculated from the attempt frequency and activation energy for ionic conduction. Structural distortion modes of the spinel blocks are also observed. These correspond to vibrations observed by neutron scattering. Possible assignments for these modes are suggested by their polarization behavior. Two different possible superlattices in Ag $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{alumina}$ and in Na, K, and Rb $\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{alumina}$ are discussed and related to the splittings in the low-frequency vibrations of the cations.
A novel polymorphism in the pseudogene TCRBV5S5 combines with TCRBV6S1 to define three haplotypes

In the current study, we report a G to A single nucleotide polymorphism at base pair 396 of the TCRBV5S5P gene. This polymorphism has a frequency of 0.20 in a cohort of Caucasian controls. In addition, we provide evidence for linkage disequilibrium between TCRBV5S5P and the TCRBV6S1 gene.
Lipolytic activity and inhibition of insulin release by epinephrine in the pig.

SummaryThe effect of intravenous infusion of epinephrine was studied in pigs. FFA increased 8–10-fold within an hour, and this high level was maintained throughout a 6-hour infusion period. During the infusion of epinephrine, the mean plasma insulin concentration remained below 2 μU/ml, despite marked severe hyperglycemia. Within 30 minutes after the withdrawal of epinephrine there was a 4–6-fold increase of plasma insulin. This was accompanied by a gradual decrease of glucose and FFA. By the time blood sugar and FFA fell to preinfusion levels insulin also returned to normal. It appears that epinephrine blocks insulin release normally induced by high blood sugar levels.
On the Strategy Teacher Flow at Regular Interval:Basing on Human Nature Assumption

According to Human Nature Assumption,teachers can be classified into three groups,which are teaching for necessity,teaching for enjoyment and teaching for fulfillment.Taking each group's feathers and demands into consideration,the strategy teacher flow at regular interval can not only help teachers meet their personal needs,but also achieve balanced development of education.Only in this way,can teachers take part in the 'flow' voluntarily and fulfill the responsibility of the strategy.
Insect cytochrome P-450: metabolism and resistance to insecticides.

11. Loose, 1). S., Kan, P. H., Hirst, M. A., Marcus, R. A. and Feldman, L). A. (1983) J. Clin. Invest. 71, 1495I499 Santen, K. J., van den Bossche, H., Symoens, J., Hrugmans, J. and de Coster, R. (1 983) J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 57,732-736 Schurmeyer, Th. and Nieschlag, E. (1984) Acta Endocrinol. 105,275-280 Sheets. J. J. and Mason, J. 1. (1984) Drug Metab. 1)ispos. 12,603-606 Mason, J. I., Murry, H. A., Olcott, M. and Sheets, J. J. (1985) Hiochem. I’harmacol. 34, 1087-1092 Thompson, E. A. and Siiteri, P. K. (1974) J. Biol. Chem. 239,5364-5372 Lloody, K. M., Murry, B. A. and Mason, J. I. (1990) J. Enzyme Inhib. 4, 153-158 Hrodie, A. M. H., Schwargel. W. C., Shaikh, A. A. and Hrodie, H. J. (1988) Endocrinology (Baltimore) 100,
Rationale and design of a randomized controlled clinical trial of functional electrical stimulation cycling in persons with severe multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will examine the efficacy of supervised functional electrical stimulation (FES) cycling on walking performance and physiological function among persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) with severe mobility disability. Methods/design This RCT will recruit 16 persons with MS that require unilateral or bilateral assistance for ambulation (i.e., Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score = 6.0–6.5). Participants will be randomized to one of two conditions: supervised FES cycling or passive cycling. The FES cycling condition will involve mild electrical stimulation that will generate an activation pattern that results in cycling the leg ergometer. The passive cycling condition will not provide any electrical stimulation, rather the movement of the pedals will be controlled by the electrical motor. Both conditions will be delivered 3 days/week for the same duration, over 6 months. Primary outcomes will include walking performance assessed as walking speed, endurance, and agility. Secondary outcomes will include physiological function assessed as cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and balance. Assessments will take place at baseline, mid-point (3-months), and immediately following the intervention (6-months). Discussion This study will lay the foundation for the design of a future RCT by: (1) providing effect sizes that can be included in a power analysis for optimal sample size estimation; and (2) identifying cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular strength, and balance (i.e., physiological function) as mechanisms for the beneficial effects of FES cycling on walking performance. This trial will provide important information on a novel exercise rehabilitation therapy for managing walking impairment in persons with severe MS.
STEM crisis or STEM surplus? Yes and yes

The last decade has seen considerable concern regarding a shortage of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) workers to meet the demands of the labor market. At the same time, many experts have presented evidence of a STEM worker surplus. A comprehensive literature review, in conjunction with employment statistics, newspaper articles, and our own interviews with company recruiters, reveals a significant heterogeneity in the STEM labor market: the academic sector is generally oversupplied, while the government sector and private industry have shortages in specific areas.
Phosphorus release from the drying and reflooding of diverse shallow sediments

Phosphorus (P) retention is an important ecosystem service provided by sediments and soils. However, when shallow aquatic sediments and poorly drained soils dry and re-flood, they can be a source, rather than a sink, of P. Using experimental drying and re-flooding in the laboratory, we assessed the resultant sediment–water P exchange in a biogeochemically diverse set of sediments from 16 sites in Michigan. The direction and magnitude of P exchange to pore waters and surface waters upon re-flooding varied among sediments. Different sediment properties were related to P release to pore water than to P release to overlying surface water, suggesting that different processes control two phases of sediment P release: mobilization from solid to dissolved forms in the sediment pore water; and movement of dissolved P from pore water into overlying surface water. We observed especially high P release in dried and re-flooded sediments with high amounts of loosely sorbed phosphate, suggesting that drained sediments with a legacy of high P loads will be most likely to release P and experience internal eutrophication when re-flooded. The differential responses of sediments suggest that aquatic ecosystem restoration and management for nutrient removal must be evaluated with site-specific knowledge of sediment and soil biogeochemistry.
Changes in psychosocial well-being after mindfulness-based stress reduction: a prospective cohort study

AbstractObjectives: The primary purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of a mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program, facilitated by non-psychologist clinicians, for improving psychosocial well-being. A secondary purpose of the current study was to explore the role of self-compassion as a potential underlying factor for improvements in emotional distress. Application of these findings to a physical therapy setting is provided.Methods: One hundred and thirty participants with a variety of medical complaints completed an eight-week MBSR program at Vanderbilt University’s Osher Center for Integrative Medicine. Prior to the intervention and at the eight-week time point, participants completed measures for emotional distress (Brief Symptom Inventory), stress (Perceived Stress Scale-10), mindfulness (Mindfulness Attention and Awareness Scale), and self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale). Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate changes in outcomes after MBSR. Linear model estimati...
Bloodstains on woven fabric: Simulations and experiments for quantifying the uncertainty on the impact and directional angles.

Abstract Bloodstain pattern analysis considers stains on various porous and non-porous surfaces, for the purpose of crime scene reconstruction. On non-porous surfaces, several studies relate the impact conditions of drops to the inspection of stain shapes. Stains on porous surfaces like fabrics have been relatively less explored. The phenomenon of imbibition of blood into the fabric after impact adds further complexity in retrieving information on the impacting conditions. The present work studies experimentally and numerically the formation of drip stains on a woven fabric. The proposed methodology first relies on Darcy’s law to measure the imbibition characteristics of the fabric through a set of simple imbibition experiments. Next, the fabric properties are fed into a numerical model to predict the growth of the bloodstain after impact of a droplet. Experiments at different drop release heights and impact angles are compared with the numerical simulations. The uncertainties induced by the fabric on the determination of the impact and directional angles are explained and quantified.
Abstract 4093: t-Darpp stimulates protein kinase A activity by interacting with its RI regulatory subunit

t-Darpp is the truncated form of the dopamine- and cAMP-regulated phosphoprotein of 32 kDa (Darpp-32) and has been demonstrated to confer resistance to trastuzumab, a Her2-targeted anticancer agent, via sustained signaling through the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway. t-Darpp over-expression results in enhanced activity of protein kinase A (PKA), but the mechanism of t-Darpp-mediated PKA activation is poorly understood. In the PKA holoenzyme, when the catalytic subunits are bound to regulatory subunits RI or RII, kinase activity is inhibited. We investigated PKA activity and holoenzyme composition in cell lines that over-express t-Darpp (SK.tDrp) or a T75A phosphorylation mutant (SK.tDrp.T75A), as well as an empty vector control cell line (SK.empty). We also evaluated protein-protein interactions between t-Darpp and PKA catalytic (PKAc) or regulatory subunits RI and RII in those cell lines. Whereas SK.tDrp cells had elevated PKA activity, SK.tDrp.T75A cells did not. In agreement with the effects on activity, a proximity ligation assay showed that SK.tDrp cells, but not SK.tDrp.T75A cells, had diminished association of RI with PKAc. Moreover, t-Darpp was seen to bind directly to RI in co-immunoprecipitation studies. Cells that express both Darpp-32 and t-Darpp had PKA activity levels and RI-PKAc association that were similar to control SK.empty cells. This is consistent with our published findings that Darpp-32 reverses t-Darpp’s effects on trastuzumab resistance and CREB DNA binding activity (downstream of PKA). Taken together, our data suggest that T75 phosphorylation is crucial for t-Darpp-mediated PKA activation and this activation appears to occur through direct binding to RI and release of RI from PKAc. The t-Darpp-RI interaction could be a druggable target to reduce PKA activity in drug-resistant cancer. Citation Format: Dirk Theile, Shuhui Geng, Erin Denny, Jamil Momand, Susan E. Kane. t-Darpp stimulates protein kinase A activity by interacting with its RI regulatory subunit [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4093. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4093
TRPM channels come into focus.

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels were first identified in photoreceptors of the fruit fly ( 1 , 2 ). In mammals, six major families of TRP channels play key roles in sensing stimuli such as light, temperature, membrane lipids, and intracellular Ca2+. In 2013, two landmark publications revealed the cryo–electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the heat- and capsaicin-activated TRPV1 channel ( 3 , 4 ). Two articles in this issue report cryo-EM structures of cation-selective TRPM channels. On page 228, Autzen et al. ( 5 ) describe TRPM4, which is activated by intracellular Ca2+ and involved in controlling arterial tone, cardiac rhythm, and the immune response ( 6 ). On page 237, Yin et al. ( 7 ) report on TRPM8, which senses cold and menthol and may serve as a cancer biomarker ( 8 ).
Fmr-1 as an Offspring Genetic and a Maternal Environmental Factor in Neurodevelopmental Disease

Since fragile X syndrome (FXS) is a typical X-linked mendelian disorder, the protein product associated with the disease (FMRP) is absent or reduced not only in the affected individuals but, in case of full mutation, also in their mothers. Here, by using the mouse model of the disease, we provide evidence that hyperactivity, a typical symptom of FXS, is not wholly induced by the lack of Fmrp in mice but also occurs as a result of its reduced expression in their mother. Genetically wild-type offspring of mutant mothers also had hyperactivity, albeit less pronounced than the mutant offspring. However, other features of FXS reproduced in the mouse model, such as sensory hyperreactivity and seizure susceptibility, were exclusively associated with the absence of Fmrp in the offspring. These data indicate that fmr-1, the gene encoding Fmrp, can be both an offspring genetic and a maternal environmental factor in producing a neurodevelopmental condition.
Efficacy of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy and Cytoreductive Surgery in the Treatment of Recurrent Uterine Sarcoma.

Objective Uterine sarcomas (USs) are characterized by poor response to systemic chemotherapy and high recurrence rates. This study evaluates whether the use of cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) confers survival benefit in comparison with conventional treatment modalities in patients with recurrent US. Methods/Materials A retrospective analysis of patients with recurrent US at a single institution for an 11-year study period was performed. All women with a pathologic diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma, adenosarcoma, endometrial stromal sarcoma, or undifferentiated US were identified. Overall and disease-free survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. Comparisons between the study groups were performed with the log-rank test and Cox regression. Results A total of 26 patients were identified. Five patients received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy without surgical intervention, 14 patients underwent surgery alone or a combination of surgery and adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, and 7 patients received cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC. There was no treatment-related mortality in any group, and only 1 patient had grade III–IV surgical complications. Median disease-free survival was 2.4 months for patients with nonsurgical treatments, 5.3 months for patients treated with conventional surgery, and 11.3 months for patients treated with HIPEC. Median overall survival was 35.9 months for patients treated with conventional surgery and 43.8 months for patients treated with HIPEC. Conclusions Our study is the first to compare survival outcomes of HIPEC versus conventional therapies for recurrent US and is suggestive of treatment benefit. Further studies with more patients and longer follow-up to evaluate the role of HIPEC in management of this disease are warranted.
Molecular Systematics of the Primates

A large body of comparative macromolecular data bearing on primate systematics is now available. There does not exist, however, any consensus as to just what that bearing is or what it should be. We hope that this chapter can contribute toward such a consensus.
Machine Accessible Communications for the Office Environment

A significant number of communications within an organization are routine but essential for conducting business. We propose a means by which such routine activities may be transferred to an intelligent communications system. This paper presents a rich and theoretically founded language, that provides the user with great expressibility in stating his message, and the design of a system to support the language. The precise structure and definition of the language makes the content of the messages accessible to processing by computers and facilitates inferencing. We have also included an overview of a language-based system’s implementation and functionality for the domain of office communications.
The Forefoot Frontal View

At this point we modify one part of the varus/valgus definition worked out earlier—namely the criterion of the adjacent relationship (see page 1).
The Fashioning of Dynamic Competitive Advantage of Entrepreneurial Cities: Role of Social and Political Entrepreneurship

There has been a major change, over the last three decades, in the functions, policy mechanisms, and the spatial forms of many urban regions in the highly industrialized countries in North America and Europe. These transformations reflect these cities’ roles as key actors and sites of change in the contemporaneous process of globalization, and the constituent economic, social and spatial restructuring. The term “Entrepreneurial City” pertains to this emerging urban entity.
The Anatomic Basis of Vertebrogenic Pain in Lumbar Disc Extrusion: A Retrospective MR Study

Extruded lumbar intervertebral discs have traditionally been categorized as posterior or postero-lateral in location (PDE), although occasional reports have addressed extrusions extending anteriorly (ADE) and centrally (CDE). the clinical state of neurogenic radiating pain accompanying posterior extrusions with somatic nerve root compression is well defined, however the uncomplicated ADE and CDE may also be associated with a definite clinical syndrome, which includes both local and referred symptoms with much the same somatic distribution as that observed in true sciatica.