cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Functionalization of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: An Investigation in the Aerosol State

The interactions of the simple amine functional groups with the surfaces of ZnO aerosol nanoparticles have been investigated. The ZnO particles were synthesized from the metal–organic precursor methylzinc isopropoxide {[CH3ZnOCH(CH3)2]4, MZI}. Solid MZI was evaporated at 85–120 °C, and then swept by an inert carrier gas at atmospheric pressure through a tube furnace operating at 300–900 °C. Thermal decomposition of MZI led to the formation of stoichiometric ZnO nanoparticles of mobility diameter 3–50 nm. The size, structure, and composition of synthesized particles were characterized by differential mobility analysis (DMA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR). The aerosolized ZnO nanoparticles were reacted with two gas-phase organic species: 1-butylamine and 1-hexylamine. Uptake was monitored by tandem differential mobility analysis (T-DMA). These results represent the first work on surface functionalization of ZnO nanoparticles in ...
Influence of frequency of atrial contraction on coronary blood flow and ventricular performance in the conscious dog with myocardial infarction

The effects of alterations in the frequency of contraction on coronary blood flow and ventricular performance were studied in 12 conscious, unsedated dogs with established myocardial infarction. Total and regional coronary blood flow was measured using radioactive microspheres. The peak increase in flow to the right ventricle was 71%, to the infarcted area of the left ventricle was 72%, to the non-infarcted area of the left ventricle was 90%, and to the ventricular septum was 104%. Despite the generalized increases in regional myocardial blood flow, flow tended to decrease to the subendocardial portion of the infarcted area of the left ventricle. The peak increases in coronary flow and the reduction in flow to the subendocardial portion of the infarcted area occurred at a heart rate of approximately 200/min provided by atrial pacing. Myocardial contractility, as evidenced by peak increases of 16% in maximum LV dP/dt and 12% in dP/dt.P, was only enhanced with abrupt incremental changes in heart rate and not with continuous atrial pacing over 15-min periods. Despite the generalized increases in coronary perfusion coronary sinus oxygen content decreased with a widening of the coronary arteriovenous oxygen difference indicating increased myocardial oxygen usage. Thus increasing frequency of contraction in myocardial infarction results in a slight initial but not sustained inotropic effect, a moderate and generalized increase in regional myocardial blood flow, increased myocardial oxygen consumption, and the potential for subendocardial extension of the area of myocardial damage within the infarcted area.
Multiple predictor smoothing methods for sensitivity analysis: Description of techniques

The use of multiple predictor smoothing methods in sampling-based sensitivity analyses of complex models is investigated. Specifically, sensitivity analysis procedures based on smoothing methods employing the stepwise application of the following nonparametric regression techniques are described: (i) locally weighted regression (LOESS), (ii) additive models, (iii) projection pursuit regression, and (iv) recursive partitioning regression. Then, in the second and concluding part of this presentation, the indicated procedures are illustrated with both simple test problems and results from a performance assessment for a radioactive waste disposal facility (i.e., the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant). As shown by the example illustrations, the use of smoothing procedures based on nonparametric regression techniques can yield more informative sensitivity analysis results than can be obtained with more traditional sensitivity analysis procedures based on linear regression, rank regression or quadratic regression when nonlinear relationships between model inputs and model predictions are present.
The relationship of depression to dissociation in patients with bulimia nervosa

Dissociative Experiences Survey scores were compared between bulimics with and without depression, and among depressed patients with and without bulimia. An association is noted between depression and dissociation, confounding the previously noted relationship between bulimia nervosa and dissociation.
Using riddles and interactive computer games to teach problem-solving skills

Cognitive flexibility, which is defined as the ability to generate several categories of possible solutions, is identified as the most critical aspect of creativity training. Word tables, interactive computer games, and riddles are used to develop cognitive flexibility. Preliminary results from analyses with quasi-experimental designs provide promising evidence that these methods are effective in enhancing creative and other forms of critical thought in college students.
Educational Validity Revisited

In 1983, Voeltz and Evans introduced a set of criteria for establishing educational validity. Their intent was to improve the documentation of quality educational programs for learners with severe disabilities. Although the concept of educational validity is sound, we feel that Voeltz and Evans were not justified in rejecting single-subject research methodology as a vehicle for assessing educational validity. The present paper (a) provides a summary of the arguments of Voeltz and Evans against the use of single-subject research designs in establishing educational validity, (b) addresses each of the major concerns of Voeltz and Evans with single-subject research methodology, and (c) demonstrates how single-subject research methodology can be used to demonstrate educational validity.
Differentiation of isomeric photomodified oligodeoxynucleotides by fragmentation of ions produced by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and electrospray ionization

UV irradiation of oligodeoxynucleotides at 254 nm generates several different types of DNA photoproducts, including cis-syn cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, pyrimidine[6-4] pyrimidone photoproducts and their Dewar valence isomers, and thymine-adenine photoproducts (TA*). Studies of photoproducts in oligodeoxynucleotides require the development of suitable structure determination methods such as mass spectrometry. In an earlier study (Vollmer et al. Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Processes1997, 165/166, 487–496), we showed that fast atom bombardment and tandem sector mass spectrometry can be used to locate the site of photomodification and identify most of the photoproducts of d(TATTAT). One goal of the present research was to expand the method to the more sensitive electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) methods. A second goal was to test the generality of the methods by investigating not only the photoproducts of d(TATTAT) but also those of three other oligodeoxynucleotides, d(GTATTAT), d(GGCTATAA), and d(AATTAA). The photoproducts of these sequences were separated by HPLC and gave characteristic fragment ions in postsource decompositions of MALDI-produced ions and collisionally activated decompositions of ESI-produced ions.
A SURVEY OF THE ADDITIVE EIGENVALUE PROBLEM (WITH APPENDIX BY M. KAPOVICH)

The classical Hermitian eigenvalue problem addresses the following question: What are the possible eigenvalues of the sum A + B of two Hermitian matrices A and B, provided we fix the eigenvalues of A and B. A systematic study of this problem was initiated by H. Weyl (1912). By virtue of contributions from a long list of mathematicians, notably Weyl (1912), Horn (1962), Klyachko (1998) and Knutson–Tao (1999), the problem is finally settled. The solution asserts that the eigenvalues of A + B are given in terms of certain system of linear inequalities in the eigenvalues of A and B. These inequalities (called the Hom inequalities) are given explicitly in terms of certain triples of Schubert classes in the singular cohomology of Grassmannians and the standard cup product. Belkale (2001) gave a smaller set of inequalities for the problem in this case (which was shown to be optimal by Knutson–Tao–Woodward). The Hermitian eigenvalue problem has been extended by Berenstein–Sjamaar (2000) and Kapovich–Leeb–Millson (2009) for any semisimple complex algebraic group G. Their solution is again in terms of a system of linear inequalities obtained from certain triples of Schubert classes in the singular cohomology of the partial ag varieties G/P (P being a maximal parabolic subgroup) and the standard cup product. However, their solution is far from being optimal. In a joint work with P. Belkale, we define a deformation of the cup product in the cohomology of G/P and use this new product to generate our system of inequalities which solves the problem for any G optimally (as shown by Ressayre). This article is a survey (with more or less complete proofs) of this additive eigenvalue problem. The eigenvalue problem is equivalent to the saturated tensor product problem. We also give an extension of the saturated tensor product problem to the saturated restriction problem for any pair G ⊂ Ĝ of connected reductive algebraic groups. In the appendix by M. Kapovich, a connection between metric geometry and the representation theory of complex semisimple algebraic groups is explained. The connection runs through the theory of buildings. This connection is exploited to give a uniform (though not optimal) saturation factor for any G.
Synthesis and characterization of three novel inorganic/organic hybrid materials based on polyoxomolybdate clusters: an investigation into the structural consequences of steric effect of the organoimine ligands

Abstract Hydrothermal means have been employed in isolating three new compounds, [Cu2Mo4O13(C5H6N2)2·3H2O] (1), [Cu2Mo4O13(C6H8N2)2] (2) and [CuMo6O19(C18H24N2)] (3) from mixtures of CuNO3/CuSO4, the corresponding ligands (methylpyrazine, dimethylpyrimidine and ditertiarybutyl-2,2′-bipyridine) and MoO3 at temperatures from 120 to 160 °C. The structures of these compounds range from three-dimensional in the case of 1 to ‘zero-dimensional’ or molecular in the case of 3 in accordance with the extent of steric hindrance presented by the ligand.
New Thinking about Water Management

References Arnold, Peri E. 1998. Making the Managerial Presidency: Comprehensive Reorganization Planning, 1905-1996. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas. Benedict, Stewart H., ed. 1967. Famous American Speeches. New York: Dell. Bensel, Richard Franklin. 1990. Yankee Leviathan: The Origins of Central State Authority in America, 1859-1877. New York: Cambridge University Press. Caldwell, L. K. 1943. Thomas Jefferson and Public Administration. Public Administration Review 3 (3): 240-53. Cohen, Eliot A. 2002. Supreme Command: Soldiers, Statesmen, and Leadership in Wartime. New York: Free Press. DiLorenzo, Thomas J. 1998. The Great Centralizer: Abraham Lincoln and the War between the States. Independent Review 3(2): 243-71. Nixon, Franklin G., and Len J. Trevino. 2002. Politicians as Utility Maximizing Agents: Public Choice and the British National Election of 1945. International
IMPACT OF BUSES ON HIGHWAY INFRASTRUCTURE: CASE STUDY FOR NEW JERSEY STATE

Buses are classified as heavy vehicles, and research has shown that heavy vehicles are mainly responsible for pavement damage and costs incurred to rectify the damage. Transit agencies must consider the pavement damage caused by a bus when choosing among different types of buses for procurement for certain corridors and deciding on the type of transit service for a corridor. Also, bus contribution to pavement damage should be considered in determining the appropriate amount of taxes and fees to be paid by this vehicle class. Currently, no tool exists to support such decisions. Pertinent literature was reviewed to determine the availability of methods for allocating roadway maintenance costs to buses. Two broad areas of highway impact-related literature, highway cost allocation studies and methods to estimate pavement deterioration resulting from vehicle-pavement interactions, were examined. A review of several state cost allocation studies showed that either equivalent single-axle loads (ESALs) or ESALS w...
Ordered-Subsets Linkage Analysis Detects Novel Alzheimer Disease Loci on Chromosomes 2q34 and 15q22

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a complex disorder characterized by a wide range, within and between families, of ages at onset of symptoms. Consideration of age at onset as a covariate in genetic-linkage studies may reduce genetic heterogeneity and increase statistical power. Ordered-subsets analysis includes continuous covariates in linkage analysis by rank ordering families by a covariate and summing LOD scores to find a subset giving a significantly increased LOD score relative to the overall sample. We have analyzed data from 336 markers in 437 multiplex (⩾2 sampled individuals with AD) families included in a recent genomic screen for AD loci. To identify genetic heterogeneity by age at onset, families were ordered by increasing and decreasing mean and minimum ages at onset. Chromosomewide significance of increases in the LOD score in subsets relative to the overall sample was assessed by permutation. A statistically significant increase in the nonparametric multipoint LOD score was observed on chromosome 2q34, with a peak LOD score of 3.2 at D2S2944 (P=.008) in 31 families with a minimum age at onset between 50 and 60 years. The LOD score in the chromosome 9p region previously linked to AD increased to 4.6 at D9S741 (P=.01) in 334 families with minimum age at onset between 60 and 75 years. LOD scores were also significantly increased on chromosome 15q22: a peak LOD score of 2.8 (P=.0004) was detected at D15S1507 (60 cM) in 38 families with minimum age at onset ⩾79 years, and a peak LOD score of 3.1 (P=.0006) was obtained at D15S153 (62 cM) in 43 families with mean age at onset >80 years. Thirty-one families were contained in both 15q22 subsets, indicating that these results are likely detecting the same locus. There is little overlap in these subsets, underscoring the utility of age at onset as a marker of genetic heterogeneity. These results indicate that linkage to chromosome 9p is strongest in late-onset AD and that regions on chromosome 2q34 and 15q22 are linked to early-onset AD and very-late-onset AD, respectively.
Highly Bioactive 8 nm Hydrothermal TiO2 Nanotubes Elicit Enhanced Bone Cell Response

The TiO 2 passivation layer on the Ti surface has positive bone-interface qualities including bioactivity and chemical composition that aids in the integration of orthopedic implants, known as osseointegration. New research designs have focused on the topographic structure of the Ti0 2 oxide layer with a large surface area for optimizing osseointegration properties for improved implant performance. We have utilized a hydrothermal process to further refine the TiO 2 structure to an 8 nm diameter nanotube geometry and evaluated its effect on bone cell growth. Interestingly these small diameter Ti0 2 nanotubes, unlike the anodized TiO 2 nanotubes, exhibit mostly multiwalled nanotube configuration with about 2-6 parallel walls along the length of the elongated nanotubes. It has been found that these multiwall nanotubes significantly enhance osteoblast cell response compared to unmodified, control Ti. The nanotube structure provided significantly up-regulated bone forming ability with ≈ 2-3 fold increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity levels, and induced the formation of abundant amounts of bone matrix deposition predominantly consisting of calcium and phosphorous. Biomedical implications of such bone cell and nanotube interface behavior on bone formation and bone bonding of titanium implants are discussed.
Typing of rabies virus isolates by DNA enzyme immunoassay

Background: Alternatives to antigenic typing are needed for epidemiologic surveys of the rabies virus associated with translocated coyotes and foxes, especially in areas where a closely related rabies virus is transmitted by striped skunks. Objectives: We developed and evaluated two enzyme based typing methods for rabies virus. The products of a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT/PCR) of the nucleoprotein gene were hybridized to type specific probes and detected by enzyme assay after immobilization on microtiter plates. Study design: We tested RT/PCR products of 27 rabies isolates by two different DNA enzyme immunoassays (DEIA) and evaluated the quality of the results from the corresponding nucleotide sequence of the samples. Results: Using a set of two probes, one of the DEIAs correctly identified 26/27 samples as variants of rabies virus associated with either skunks, foxes, or coyotes. The identity of one fox rabies sample was unresolved by this assay. The second DEIA correctly identified 24/27 samples as variants of rabies virus associated with either skunks, foxes, or coyotes. This assay did not resolve the identity of two fox rabies samples, and misidentified one fox rabies sample as a skunk rabies sample. Conclusions: DEIA can be used for epidemiologic studies of variants of rabies virus associated with skunks, foxes, and coyotes. Both DEIA methods were effective when typing probes recognized changes at a minimum of two nucleotide positions between variants, but only one assay method was sufficiently stringent to detect a single base pair mismatch. The inherent mutability of RNA viruses must be considered when designing and evaluating typing methods.
Process-oriented tolerancing for multi-station assembly systems

In multi-station manufacturing systems, the quality of final products is significantly affected by both product design as well as process variables. Historically, however, tolerance research has primarily focused on allocating tolerances based on the product design characteristics of each component. Currently, there are no analytical approaches to optimally allocate tolerances to integrate product and process variables in multi-station manufacturing processes at minimum costs. The concept of process-oriented tolerancing expands the current tolerancing practices, which bound errors related to product variables, to explicitly include process variables. The resulting methodology extends the concept of “part interchangeability” into “process interchangeability,” which is critical due to increasing requirements related to the selection of suppliers and benchmarking. The proposed methodology is based on the development and integration of three models: (i) the tolerance-variation relation; (ii) variation propagation; and (iii) process degradation. The tolerance-variation model is based on a pin-hole fixture mechanism in multi-station assembly processes. The variation propagation model utilizes a state space representation but uses a station index instead of a time index. Dynamic process effects such as tool wear are also incorporated into the framework of process-oriented tolerancing, which provides the capability to design tolerances for the whole life-cycle of a production system. The tolerances of process variables are optimally allocated through solving a nonlinear constrained optimization problem. An industry case study is used to illustrate the proposed approach.
Effect of Treadmill Training and Supramalleolar Orthosis Use on Motor Skill Development in Infants With Down Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background Children with Down syndrome (DS) often display delayed onset of independent walking. Treadmill training is an effective intervention that leads to an earlier walking onset. In addition, orthoses often are provided to infants with DS to increase stability and promote earlier independent walking. However, this early use of orthoses has not been scientifically verified in infants with DS. Objective The purpose of this study was to provide insight into the developmental outcomes of early orthosis use in combination with treadmill training in infants with DS compared with treadmill training alone. Design This study was a randomized controlled trial. Setting This study was conducted in participants’ homes and in the motor development laboratory. Participants and Intervention Seventeen infants with DS entered the study when they could pull themselves to a standing position. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (which received treadmill training) or an experimental group (which received treadmill training and orthoses). During monthly visits to the infants’ homes, 3 minutes of treadmill stepping was recorded and each child's motor development skills were tested. The treadmill training ended once the child took 3 independent steps. One month following walking onset, developmental tests were readministered. Measurements The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) was used to test motor skill development. Results The average (SD) time in the study was 268 (88) days for the control group and 206 (109) days for the experimental group. All infants showed significantly increased GMFM scores over time. At 1 month of walking experience, the control group had higher GMFM scores than the experimental group, with higher standing and walking, running, and jumping subscale scores. Limitations Limitations of this study included a small sample of convenience, a statistical model that may have reduced validity at the tail end, and a lack of blinding in the GMFM scorer. Conclusions Orthoses may have a detrimental effect on overall gross motor skill development.
Organizational network perceptions versus reality: A small world after all? ☆

Given the complexity of organizing and keeping track of even a small organizational network, boundedly rational people may have learned to use small world principles in perceiving friendship networks: arrange people in dense clusters, and connect the clusters with short paths. Analysis of 116 perceived friendship networks from four different organizations showed that these perceived networks exhibited greater small world properties than the actual friendship networks. Further, people perceived more friendship clustering than actually existed, and attributed more popularity and brokerage to the perceivedly-popular than to the actually-popular.
Automatic programming through natural language dialogue: a survey

This paper describes and compares four research projects whose goal is to develop an automatic programming system that can carry on a natural language dialogue with a user about his requirements and then produce an appropriate program. It also discusses some of the important issues in this research area.
Metallurgical Control of the Ductile-Brittle Transition in High-Strength Structural Steels

The models that have been successfully used to control the ductile-brittle transition in high strength structural steels are qualitative in nature, and address the microstructural control of the mechanisms of brittle fracture. The basic idea is incorporated in the “Yoffee diagram”, which dates from the 1920's and attributes the ductile-brittle transition to the competition between deformation and fracture; the more difficult brittle fracture becomes, the lower the temperature at which ductile processes dominate. There are two important brittle fracture modes: intergranular separation and transgranular cleavage. The intergranular mode is usually due to chemical contamination, and is addressed by eliminating or gettering the contaminating species. There are also examples of brittle fracture that is due to inherent grain boundary weakness. In this case the failure mode is overcome by adding beneficial species (glue) to the grain boundary. Transgranular cleavage is made more difficult by refining the effective grain size. In high strength steel this is done by refining the prior austenite grain size, by interspersing islands of metastable austenite that transform martensitically under plastic strain, or by disrupting the crystallographic alignment of ferrite grains or martensite laths. The latter mechanism offers intriguing possibilities for future steels with exceptional toughness.
Rapid method of extraction and analysis of extended-spectrum β-lactamases from clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae

The extraction of periplasmic β-lactamases from Gram-negative bacilli is a necessary preliminary step to analytical isoelectric focusing. Previously described methods are time-consuming and require large amounts of broth. We describe a lysozyme-based method which needs just 5 mL broth and requires less than 24 h to perform. The method was reproducible in extracting β-lactamases from reference strains containing known β-lactamases. We applied the method to a collection of more than 70 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing isolates from a multinational study of bacteremic isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Further studies are being undertaken to assess the method's applicability to other bacterial species.
Evaluation of injection frequency and visual acuity outcomes for ranibizumab monotherapy in exudative age-related macular degeneration.

Objective To evaluate the visual outcomes for intravitreal ranibizumab administered on an as-needed basis for exudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and to investigate the relationship between injection frequency and visual outcome in this setting. Design Retrospective, interventional case series. Participants A total of 131 eyes with treatment-naive, exudative AMD undergoing ranibizumab monotherapy. Methods Intravitreal ranibizumab was administered on an as-needed basis guided by clinical examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT scans were evaluated by the treating physicians for the presence of intraretinal fluid, subretinal fluid, intraretinal cysts, or increasing pigment epithelial detachment size. Clinical data including visual acuity (VA), choroidal neovascularization lesion morphology, and treatment course were collected retrospectively for analysis. Main Outcome Measures Mean change in best-corrected Snellen VA. Results The mean age was 81.3 years, mean follow-up was 12±4.3 months (minimum 6 months, median 12 months), and mean number of injections was 5.2±2.8. Mean baseline Snellen VA for the entire population was 20/110 and significantly improved at 6 months (20/80; P = 0.0002) and at last follow-up (20/90; P = 0.0066). At 6 months, 31% of eyes had gained at least 3 lines of VA and 90.5% had avoided loss of 3 lines. On average, it took 3.0 injections and 3.5 months to achieve a "dry" or "flat" macula on OCT after initiating treatment. Resolution of intra- and subretinal fluid on OCT did not correlate with the degree of vision improvement. Eyes receiving more frequent injections (defined as P = 0.012). At 6 months, 3.1% of those in the more frequent injection group lost >3 lines of vision compared with 15.9% in the >2 months interval group ( P = 0.011). Conclusions In a population receiving as-needed injections of ranibizumab for exudative AMD, visual improvement was related to the frequency of injections received but not to the resolution of fluid by OCT. Treatment with ranibizumab on a strictly as-needed basis may result in undertreatment and significantly less visual gain. Financial Disclosure(s) Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Hemangiomas of a bovine fetus with a chorioangioma of the placenta.

A bovine fetus aborted at approximately 8 months gestation had a pedun- culated mass 3.5 x 2.5 x 2 cm attached to the skin of the volar surface of the left anterior limb proximal to the carpus. Another pediinculated mass 1.5 x 1 x 1 cm was on the right ventrolateral surface of the tongue at the level of the first molar tooth. A tumor 13 x 10 x 8 cm was between the chorionic and allantoic epithelial layers of the placenta. Each of these tumors was made up of loose fibrous tissue containing many capillaries. They were considered to be hemangiomas. An analogy possibly exists between this condition and fetal vascular anomalies, which frequently accompany chorioangiomas in humans. DRIEUX and THIERY (2) in their review of tumors of the placenta of domestic animals cite a report by LEAUX (1846) of what apparently was an angioma in a bovine placenta. They also cite a report by MOROT (1893) of a bovine placental myxoma that they thought may also have been an angioma. KARLSON and KELLY (4) reported a choriohemangioma in the placenta from a 2-year-old Holstein that had given birth to a healthy male calf. No other reports of this type tumor of the bovine placenta or of tumors of the bovine fetus and its placenta were found. The reported frequency of choriohemangiomas in human placentas varies among surveys, apparently because they are often overlooked and seldom are associated with complicated pregnancies that would prompt thorough examination of the placenta. Recently, FROEHLICH et al. (3) found chorio- angiomas in 84 of 50 000 placentas examined.
Type-C virus-specific nucleic acid sequences in cultured rat cells.

Single-stranded DNA transcripts of rat type-C viruses prepared in the presence of actinomycin D, hybridized specifically to DNA of several rat cell cultures with no obvious qualitative or quantitative differences. Similar products prepared from a pseudo-type sarcoma virus with contributions from rat and mouse type-C viruses hybridized to both rat and mouse cellular DNA, while mouse viral transcripts did not hybridize to rat cell DNA. Viral RNA was detected in all rat cells by means of the rat viral DNA transcripts, with some differences between untreated low-passage cells and sister cultures treated with bromodeoxyuridine or bromodeoxyuridine and methylchol-anthrene. Cells treated with both compounds were previously shown to be transformed and tumorigenic, and these were distinguishable by kinetic analysis from the control cells.
A Position Estimation Algorithm for Vehicle Following

We present a distance estimation algorithm for vehicle following in automated highways. The idea is to install two transceivers at the back of the leading vehicle and two transceivers at the front of the following vehicle. Estimating the traveling time of two data sequences between transceivers, different distances between the transceivers of the leading and following vehicles can be measured. From these estimated distances, the turn angle of the leading vehicle can be calculated. Taking the estimated distance and turn angle into account, then the following vehicles can adjust their speed and change their direction to follow the leading vehicle. The performance of this distance estimation algorithm is evaluated analytically and through computer simulation.
Corrosion Activity of Alkali-Containing Slags With Respect to a Blast Furnace Refractory Lining

The mechanism and nature of blast furnace refractory lining material breakdown under the action of alkali-containing slags is considered. Corrosion activity is analyzed for alkali-containing slags with respect to blast furnace refractory lining and physicochemical criteria and model evaluation are proposed for evaluating alkali-containing slag corrosive action.
Sun-Perturbed Earth-to-Moon Transfers with Ballistic Capture

A method is described for constructing a new type of low energy transfer trajectory from the Earth to the moon leading to ballistic capture. This is accomplished by utilizing the nonlinear Earth-moon-sun perturbations on a point mass in three dimensions. The interaction of the gravitational fields of the bodies defines transition regions in the position-velocity space where the dynamic effects on the point mass tend to balance. These are termed weak stability boundaries. The transfer is obtained by the use of trajectories connecting the weak stability boundaries. It uses approximately 18 percent less Delta-V than the Hohmann transfer to insert a spacecraft into a circular orbit about the moon. The use of this transfer has recently been demonstrated by Japan's Hiten spacecraft, which arrived at the moon on October 2, 1991. Application of the transfer method is also made to the Lunar Observer Mission.
Design of continuous-time fully integrated filters: a review

The paper summarises fundamental concepts and methods used for designing continuous-time (C-T) signal-processing circuits (‘filters’) in fully integrated form. The resulting filter structures can be integrated together with other parts of the system on the same chip, compatible with all IC technologies. A design procedure is discussed which leads to the minimal set of components that are theoretically required for the implementation of monolithic C-T filters. The problem of automatic tuning against fabrication tolerances and component drifts during operation is discussed. Examples are presented to illustrate the promising results that can be achieved when designing C-T fully integrated filters.
A Posteriori Error Estimation and Mesh Adaptivity for Finite Volume and Finite Element Methods

Error representation formulas and a posteriori error estimates for numerical solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws are considered with specialized variants given for the Godunov finite volume and discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods. The error representation formulas utilize the solution of a dual problem to capture the nonlocal error behavior present in hyperbolic problems. The error representation formulas also provide a framework for understanding superconvergence properties of functionals and fundamental differences between finite element and Godunov finite volume methods. Computable error estimates are then constructed for practical implementation in computer codes. The error representation formulas and computable error estimates also suggest a straightforward strategy for mesh adaptivity which is demonstrated on numerical hyperbolic problems of interest.
Viruses and Mammary Carcinoma

Viruses have long been known to be involved in the etiology of a variety of neoplasms of animals ranging from fowl to nonhuman primates. This involvement has been demonstrated by the isolation of these agents from spontaneous tumors, their inoculation into animals of the same species, and the reisolation of the particular virus from the subsequent tumor that developed.
Non-canonical Stat3 signaling in cancer

Stat3 is a member of the signal transducers and activators of transcription family and is a known regulator of essential biologic processes including angiogenesis, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell migration. Canonical Stat3-mediated signaling involves tyrosine phosphorylation on specific residues that leads to homodimerization and translocation to the nucleus. For many years it was presumed that most, if not all, of the functions of Stat3, both normal and aberrant, were due to the canonical cytokine and growth factor signaling mechanisms. Recent studies suggest that Stat3 functions through alternate non-canonical pathways to bring about some of these biological functions both in normal cells as well as during cancer development and progression. A number of studies have now shown that Stat3 has a function in mitochondria and that unphosphorylated Stat3 (uStat3) can also function as a transcription factor broadening the potential mechanisms involved in Stat3 action. In this review article, we discuss these two main non-canonical functions of Stat3 and their potential roles in oncogenesis. Given the many facets of Stat3 signaling, additional comprehensive investigations are required to fully understand the role of non-canonical Stat3 signaling in cancer and whether these pathways can be targeted for cancer prevention and treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Disposable plastic diapers: a foreign body hazard.

Foreign body ingestion and aspiration in children has been a serious problem, occasionally resulting in airway obstruction and death. Airway obstruction by balloons and subsequent asphyxiation is well documented. Respiratory blockage by plastic dry-cleaning sacks has resulted in warning labels on most such materials. Two recent cases of nasal aspiration of plastic coating from a commonly used disposable diaper are compared to reports of similar occurrences documented by the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. On the basis of these reports we recommend that disposable diapers be continuously covered by other clothing to prevent the child's access to the plastic. Otolaryngologists and pediatricians should be aware of the potential hazard when examining diapered children with chronic rhinorrhea or sudden respiratory distress. Language: en
Abstract 338: BRIDGE: A Post-Discharge Transitional Care Model in over 1600 Cardiac Patients

Background: Current legislation imposes financial penalties for high 30-day readmissions for AMI. BRIDGE is a NP-led, post-discharge transitional care program for cardiac patients, aimed at ensuring prompt follow up (f/u; in 14 days) and care coordination. Herein we report the effect of BRIDGE on readmissions in over 1600 cases. Methods: Retrospective data was abstracted for patients referred to BRIDGE including demographics, comorbidities, medications, days to f/u, and 6-month outcomes by diagnosis. Results: Of 1955 patients referred to the BRIDGE clinic, 271 (13.9%) were excluded for adverse events prior to their visit (ED visit n=60, readmission n=193, or death n=14) or missing data (n=4). 1210 (71.9%) of patients from the remaining sample (n=1684) attended BRIDGE. Diagnoses included: ACS (n=462, 27.6%); angina (n=207, 12.4%); CAD (n=196, 11.7%); AFib (n=247, 14.7%); CHF (n=316, 18.9%); or other (n=256, 15.2%). With the exception of mental health disorders (35.4% v. 29.1%, p=.012) there were no baseline differences (including the Charlson Comorbidity Score) between non-attendees and attendees (Table 1). ACS attendees, compared to non-attendees, had a trend toward lower 30, 60, and 90 day readmission rates (Table 2). This was not observed for other diagnoses. Conclusions: A NP based transitional care clinic visit early post-discharge appears to reduce early readmissions for patients with an ACS, but in this study did not impact other cardiac conditions. Also, patients with a history of substance abuse or depression are significantly less likely to attend BRIDGE appointments. To avoid a lapse in care, these patients may need prompt f/u with their PCP or cardiologist to help reduce early readmissions. ![][1] ![][2] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/graphic-2.gif
Targeted mutations on 3D hub loci alter spatial interaction environment

Many disease-related genotype variations (GVs) reside in non-gene coding regions and the mechanisms of their association with diseases are largely unknown. A possible impact of GVs on disease formation is to alter the spatial organization of chromosome. However, the relationship between GVs and 3D genome structure has not been studied at the chromosome scale. The kilobase resolution of chromosomal structures measured by Hi-C have provided an unprecedented opportunity to tackle this problem. Here we proposed a network-based method to capture global properties of the chromosomal structure. We uncovered that genome organization is scale free and the genomic loci interacting with many other loci in space, termed as hubs, are critical for stabilizing local chromosomal structure. Importantly, we found that cancer-specific GVs target hubs to drastically alter the local chromosomal interactions. These analyses revealed the general principles of 3D genome organization and provided a new direction to pinpoint genotype variations in non-coding regions that are critical for disease formation.
Ultrastructure of the Haustorial Apparatus of Exobasidium Camelliae

ABSTRACTExobasidium camelliae produces an extensive system of slender, branched, septate hyphae within infected leaves of Camellia sasanqua. The hyphae grow intercellularly and may almost fill some...
Stimulation of Enzyme, Protein, and DNA Output from a Jejunal Fistula in the Rat:

SummaryA new technique for preparing intestinal fistulae in rats is presented. Perfusion of the fistula is facilitated by inserting small-diameter tubing into the closed orad end of the fistula. The distal end protrudes a 0.5 cm through the belly wall for quantitative. Collection of perfusate or secretion. Continuity of the gut is reestablished by a side-to-side anastomosis. Analysis of the mucosa from the fistula and from the intact intestine demonstrated that the mucosae are comparable during the week the animals are used for perfusion experiments. The results also demonstrate that duodenal infusion of raw egg white stimulates the output of protein, DNA, peptidase and alkaline phos-phatase activity in the jejunal fistula perfusate.
Oxidation behavior of αMo–Mo3Si–Mo5SiB2 (T2) three phase system

Abstract The cyclic oxidation kinetics and microstructures of the oxide scales have been investigated from 600 to 1400 °C on compositions within the three phase field αMo–Mo 3 Si–Mo 5 SiB 2 . From 600 to 750°C, the oxidation behavior is controlled by increasing volatilization of MoO 3 with increasing temperature and, consequently there is no oxidation protection. From 800 to 900 °C, the kinetics show a rapid transient weight loss due to MoO 3 volatilization and, a steady state weight loss associated with the formation of a porous outer borosilicate scale and continuous escape of MoO 3 . At and above 1000 °C, the oxide scale consists of relatively solid and well adherent outer SiO 2 scale and an inner reaction zone consisting of αMo and SiO 2 phases. In the temperature regime 1000–1300 °C, there is a high degree of oxidation protection characterized by low transient- and steady-state weight losses. The overall oxidation behavior is governed by a competition between volatilization of Mo and the passivation provided by formation of borosilicate glass scale.
Survey on Drinking water Status and Environmental Sanitation in Rural Areas of Wuzhong District of Suzhou

[Objective]To understand the current status of rural drinking water quality,latrine improvement,treatment of feces and the disposal of rural garbage and wastewater so as to provide scientific evidence for decision making basis for improving rural drinking water quality and building a new socialist countryside.[Methods]According to method of random sampling by the proportion of the population,10 villages and 10 households from each village were sampled.[Results]The centralized water supply system and the dispersive drinking water accounted for 90.9% and 9.1% of the total population respectively.11 water samples were collected,the qualified rates was 63.6%,4 unqualified water samples were polluted by microorganisms.About 90.5% of families used sanitary latrines.Major domestic wastewater and domestic garbage was discharged with indiscretion.Major production garbage was discharged by the stacked collection.Major production wastewater was discharged by the tube.[Conclusion]Drinking water and environmental sanitation in rural areas of Wuzhong needs to be further improved.
Return to Duty Rates in Active Duty Service Members After Elective Surgery of the Lumbar Spine.

ABSTRACT Objectives: The aim of this study is to define the percentage of military service members returned to active duty following elective lumbar spine surgery. Methods: We reviewed 331 elective lumbar spine procedures performed on active duty service members over a 5-year period. All patients underwent a decompressive lumbar procedure with or without fusion. Return to duty (RTD) was our primary outcome, defined as no referral to a Medical Evaluation Board by the 12-month postoperative follow-up visit. All subject's final disposition was recorded as a binomial distribution and stratified by demographic parameters. Subgroup analysis comparing the return rates for specific procedures was performed. Results: 232 patients met our study inclusion criteria. 136 underwent isolated decompressive procedures and 96 patients underwent fusion procedures. The overall RTD rate following elective lumbar spine surgery was 64% (n = 149) (95% confidence interval, CI [58, 70]). The RTD rate for isolated decompressive pro...
α1-adrenoceptor-induced Mg2+ extrusion from rat hepatocytes occurs via Na+-dependent transport mechanism

The stimulation of the alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor by phenylephrine results in a sizable extrusion of Mg2+ from liver cells. Phenylephrine-induced Mg2+ extrusion is almost completely abolished by the removal of extracellular Ca2+ or in the presence of SKF-96365, an inhibitor of capacitative Ca2+ entry. In contrast, Mg2+ extrusion is only partially inhibited by the Ca2+-channel blockers verapamil, nifedipine, or (+)BAY-K8644. Furthermore, Mg2+ extrusion is almost completely prevented by TMB-8 (a cell-permeant inhibitor of the inositol trisphosphate receptor), 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (an intracellular Ca2+-chelating agent), or W-7 (a calmodulin inhibitor) Thapsigargin can mimic the effect of phenylephrine, and the coaddition of thapsigargin and phenylephrine does not result in an enlarged extrusion of Mg2+ from the hepatocytes. Regardless of the agonist used, Mg2+ extrusion is inhibited by >90% when hepatocytes are incubated in the presence of physiological Ca(2+) but in the absence of extracellular Na(+). Together, these data suggest that the stimulation of the hepatic alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor by phenylephrine results in an extrusion of Mg2+ through a Na(+)-dependent pathway and a Na(+)-independent pathway, both activated by changes in cellular Ca2+.
The Prospects for International Liquidity and the Future Evolution of the International Payments System

It is now more than three years since the Suez monetary crisis came to an end, and economists and financiers have turned their attention to the so-called problem of international monetary liquidity. Interest was drawn to the question by Sir Oliver Franks in his report as chairman of Lloyds Bank in February 1958. It was sustained by an issue of The Economist at the end of May in the same year, balance of payments difficulties of the United States on trade account in 1959, and owing to an outflow short-term capital in the last half of 1960 did nothing to change the subject, partly as a result of the important contribution of Robert Triffin in his various articles of 1959 and his book, Gold and the Dollar Crisis, of 1960. Today world monetary liquidity is ‘Hit Tune Number One’ in the repertoire of the international trade and monetary economist, and a host of bankers, journalists and men of affairs.
Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Aqueous 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1,3-Propanediol Solutions

Densities and viscosities of mixtures of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (AMPD)–water were measured at temperatures of 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70°C. The solubility of N2O in the aqueous AMPD solutions was measured at temperatures of 30, 40, and 50°C. The concentrations selected for study were 10, 20, and 30 mass% AMPD for all three temperatures. The experimental values for density and viscosity were correlated as functions of temperature. The maximum deviations were less than 0.005% for densities and 0.3% for viscosities.
West of Harlem: African American Writers and the Borderlands. Culture America Series. By Emily Lutenski

West of Harlem: African American Writers and the Borderlands . Culture America Series. By Emily Lutenski. (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2015. xii + 332 pp. Illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $37.50.) In West of Harlem , Emily Lutenski argues that although “African American presence” is often “forgotten in the American historical memory,” African American literature and the American West have always been mutually constitutive cultural, material, and symbolic sites (p. 7). Opening with a productive juxtaposition of two speeches delivered within a month of one another at the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago—Frederick Jackson Turner’s “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” and Frederick Douglass’s speech on the fair’s “Colored American Day”—Lutenski works in the conceptual space opened between the two, identifying the damaging effects wrought by the … jneary{at}hunter.cuny.edu