cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic Digestion Variants in the Treatment of Solid Wastes: Rational approaches will determine whether microbial methanogenesis can efficiently address solid waste challenges

The United States Environmental Protection Agency defines municipal solid waste (MSW) as everyday items, including product packaging, grass clippings, furniture, clothing, bottles, food scraps, newspapers, appliances, and batteries. Over two-thirds of the 254 million tons of MSW produced in 2007 was biodegradable. However, as a practical matter, only about one-third of the biodegradable material would have been amenable to anaerobic digestion, in part because much of the paper was usefully recycled and yard trimmings were composted. Otherwise, it is the extreme heterogeneity of MSW and the difficulties of separating its components that are key obstacles to energy recovery from this waste stream via microbiological processing (Fig. 1).
Three-Mode Principal Components Analysis of Daily Affect at Work

Affect was largely ignored in the organizational sciences until very recently. However, the impact of affect on dynamic process influencing workplace behavior is increasingly critical. This study employs the multi-way analytic techniques PARAFAC and the Tucker model in an attempt to clarify the three sources of variance in daily mood ratings. The 2 x 2 x 2 structure found here is largely consistent with work by Zevon and Tellegen (1982) and Tellegen, Watson, and Clark (1999), and bears on research into the nature of affective processes in workplace behavior.
Archaeological Testing at Sunrise Canyon Subdivision (41BX441), Universal City, Texas

From January 3-7, 1984, a field crew from the Center for Archaeological Research, The University of Texas at San Antonio, consisting of Kenneth Brown, Ralph Snavely, and Margaret Greco spent approximately 12 person-days testing archaeological deposits at Sunrise Canyon subdivision (Unit 2) in Universal City, Bexar County, for Sitterle & Companies, the developer. No further field work is recommended at site 41 BX 441. While further excavation, at least in the vicinity of Test Pit 1, might augment the collection of artifacts from the site, the geologic setting indicates that the context of deposition would be much the same as a surface collection.
Outline of the cultural theory of Marxism

In the cultural theory of Marxism,culture is the reflection of economy and politics,and it has many functions.The Spiritual civilization is an important component in the human civilization.It supplies the material civilization with moral and intellectual force.In the backward conditions of productive force,culture is owned by a small number of people,so the mass culture reflects the demand and result of social progress.Science and technology play an important role in the mass culture.The changing process from national history to world history contains the dissemination of national culture;therefore socialism must boldly assimilate and make use of the civilization of all human societies.The diversity in national cultures is the motive force of human civilization.
Online Monitor System of Digital AC UHV Surge Arrester

In order to detect the AC ultra high-voltage surge arrester's moisture,aging,and other risks,to avoid big economic losses caused by the accident,The ultra high voltage surge arrester on-line monitoring system is studied.The system uses stable performance,low power consumption,small size,high reliability of the sensor to capture the signal which is full current flowing through the arrester.The current signals is transmissed by optical fiber.The signal processed by the unit which processes the signals is sent to the PC by the RS-485 protocol.The data which is transmissed is processed by the program in the PC and the data is stored automatically and judged automatically through the man-machine interface.From the operation of the laboratory situation,the system can meet the ultra high-voltage surge arrester's on-line monitoring requirements.
Analysis on the epidemiological characteristics of Hepatitis B in Shenzhen in 2004—2013

Objective To learn about the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in Shenzhen and to provide the basis of prevention and control strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of the data on hepatitis B in Shenzhen from 2004 to 2013 was conducted. Results From 2004 to 2013,a total of 90 292 cases of hepatitis B were reported in Shenzhen. Eliminate chronic 71 435 cases,an annually average incidence is 19. 72 /100 000. The incidence range from the9. 32 /100 000 to 33. 29 /100 000. Patients at the age of less than 15 years old accounted for 1. 58% of the overall in the duration from 2004 to 2013; the age of 15- 44 years old accounted for 89. 91%; the age of greater than 44 years old accounted for 8. 52%. The sex ratio is 3. 33 vs 1. Laborers were the majority,constituting 42. 30% of the whole respectively. On the suburbs the incidence is higher than that of urban. Conclusion The incidence of nearly six years of hepatitis B was d eclining in Shenzhen. A significant reduction in children aged 15 cases,show that the effect was obvious in hepatitis B v accination.
PharmaTrend as a management tool: experience with the program

A hospital's experiences with two pharmacy workload measurement systems, PharmaTrend and the pharmacy productivity unit (PPU) system it replaced at the institution, are compared. In 1976 a 352-bed general acute-care hospital implemented the locally developed PPU system. Typical drug distribution-related activities were defined and were assigned standard times per work unit; miscellaneous activities were assigned constant times per month. The PPU system served the institution well but had three important limitation: (1) new pharmaceutical services were not adequately represented, (2) the data collected had to be manually manipulated in order to calculate indicators, and (3) it was not possible to compare the data with those of similar institutions. In January 1988 the hospital implemented PharmaTrend. PharmaTrend was found to be a useful management tool because of the relative ease of data collection and the system's report-generation capabilities. By combining pharmacy workload data (including non-drug-distribution-related components) with data on finance, personnel hours, and patient admissions, PharmaTrend calculated indicators that were used for determining staffing and other needs and for financial reporting. The limitations of the PPU system were eliminated, except that it was still not possible to make valid comparisons with other hospitals because of the small number of participating hospitals that consistently report data to the PharmaTrend database. PharmaTrend offers advantages over previous pharmacy workload-monitoring systems by allowing for the expanded analysis and application of data.
Endocytosis Separates EGF Receptors From Endogenous Fluorescently Labeled HRas and Prevents Receptor Signaling to MAP Kinases in Endosomes

Signaling from epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to extracellular-stimuli-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) is proposed to be transduced not only from the cell surface but also from endos...
Gait and Balance in the Elderly: Two Functional Capacities That Link Sensory and Motor Ability to Falls

Neuromuscular function, which underlies efficient gait and balance, deteriorates with age and disease. A review of the literature and of data from the current study suggests the presence of poor gait and balance in elderly individuals who have a history of multiple falls. The tests of gait and balance are simple to perform and therefore may be widely applicable in evaluating individuals at risk of falls. Quantitative studies of motor and sensory function, vibratory sensation, and electrophysiologic studies of nerve integrity are discussed. Deteriorating motor and sensory control mechanisms appear to play an important role in falling.
Effect of osmotic potential on Geotrichum candidum: growth, polygalacturonase production, and polygalacturonase action

The water relations of Geotrichum candidum were characterized in an attempt to explain a previously reported relation [ Baudoin & Eckert (1982) , Phytopathology 72 , 1592–1597] between the water potential of lemon fruits and their susceptibility to decay caused by this fungus. G. candidum was grown in liquid nutrient media amended with solutes (K.C1, mannito], or polyethylene glycol 400) to achieve osmotic potentials from −0·5 to −2·5 MPa (1 MPa=10 bars). With either mannitol or polyethylene glycol 400 as an osmoticum, osmotic potential did not significantly affect growth of G. candidum , whereas KC1 at −2·5 MPa reduced growth to 57% of that at −0·5 MPa. Production of extracellular polygalacturonase (PG) was strongly influenced by osmotic potential. With all three osmotica, PG production decreased rapidly with decreasing osmotic potential, so that at −2·5 MPa, PG production was only about 1% of that at −0·5 MPa. The osmotic potential of PG assay mixtures was manipulated with sucrose, glycerol, or mannitol. The effect of osmotic potential on PG activity was minor; PG activity decreased slowly or not at all as the osmotic potential of the assay mixtures decreased from −0.5 to −2.5 MPa. The effect of osmotic potential on PG production in vitro may partially account for differences in susceptibility of lemons of different water potentials to sour rot.
A quick prototyping approach to educational software development - the hypermedia experience

This paper introduces and demonstrates a quick prototyping approach which follows the software engineering principles in the development of an educational software called "The Match-Maker", a game for learning new words. "The Match-Maker" is developed in the HyperCard environment on the Macintosh computer. The scripting language used is HyperTalk. The flexibility of rapid prototyping using hypermedia is identified. Software engineering principles involved in various development stages are presented. Good programming styles and design principles which can easily be implemented in the hypermedia environment are also discussed. >
Comparative Techno-Economic and Environmental Analysis of Ethylene and Propylene Manufacturing from Wet Shale Gas and Naphtha

In this work, we perform a comparative techno-economic and environmental analysis for manufacturing ethylene and propylene from naphtha and from shale gas with rich natural gas liquids (NGLs). We first propose two novel process designs for producing ethylene and propylene from NGLs-rich shale gas. These two designs employ steam co-cracking of an ethane–propane mixture and an integration of ethane steam cracking and propane dehydrogenation, respectively. For benchmarking, we also consider a conventional process design in which ethylene and propylene are produced via steam cracking of naphtha. Detailed process models are developed for all the three designs to obtain the mass and energy balances of each unit operation. On this basis, techno-economic analysis and life cycle analysis are conducted for each of the three designs in order to systematically compare the production costs and life cycle environmental impacts of ethylene and propylene manufactured from shale gas and naphtha based on the same condition...
Metabolism of Public Research and R&D Management Implications: How Labs Consume Resources

A fundamental problem in the field of R&D management is how public research laboratories consume resources to produce scientific research and operations. The study confronts this problem here by developing a model of metabolism of research labs, which endeavours to analyze the behavior of public research lab consumption and production considering the flux of funding for research. In particular, research lab metabolism is the metabolic processes by which research labs transform funding for research, materials and human energy to produce scientific outputs. This approach is applied on one of the biggest European public research organization, analyzing data of balance sheets from 1997 to 2015. Statistical analysis reveals that funding for research (state subsidy and contracts) of the public research organization under study are mainly consumed for the cost of personnel with high growth rates of 167.87% over 1997–2015 period, whereas the growth rate of the total revenue is roughly of 118.72% in the same period. This disproportionate growth of the cost of personnel seems to generate problems of long-term sustainability of some public research labs and organizational inefficiencies. This approach here based on metabolic processes of public research organizations suggests useful linkages among economic, human, and technical infrastructure resources of research labs in order to explain managerial and organizational behavior and sustain their functions over time. Some possible environmental and organizational causes of this labor-intensive metabolism of public research bodies are discussed and R&D management implications are suggested.
Tourism development and changing rural identity in China

This study examines the patterns and driving factors of identity change amongst residents of Chongdu Valley, China, who have been experiencing tourism development since the mid-1990s. Employing semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this study uncovered four types of identity change in the community: (1) a transition from notions of rural hardship to notions of rural amenity; (2) a corresponding transition from a sense of rural shame to a sense of rural pride; (3) an overall rise in community identity; and (4) rural identity became less “rural.” Residents’ identity changes can be attributed to three factors: shifted government policies, improved living standards, and host-guest interaction. The findings suggest that material changes brought by tourism development can impact residents’ rural identity change.
Approximate likelihood approaches for detecting the influence of primordial gravitational waves in cosmic microwave background polarization

One of the major targets for next-generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments is the detection of the primordial B-mode signal. Planning is under way for Stage-IV experiments that are projected to have instrumental noise small enough to make lensing and foregrounds the dominant source of uncertainty for estimating the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ from polarization maps. This makes delensing a crucial part of future CMB polarization science. In this paper we present a likelihood method for estimating the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ from CMB polarization observations, which combines the benefits of a full-scale likelihood approach with the tractability of the quadratic delensing technique. This method is a pixel space, all order likelihood analysis of the quadratic delensed B modes, and it essentially builds upon the quadratic delenser by taking into account all order lensing and pixel space anomalies. Its tractability relies on a crucial factorization of the pixel space covariance matrix of the polarization observations which allows one to compute the full Gaussian approximate likelihood profile, as a function of $r$, at the same computational cost of a single likelihood evaluation.
Pediatric Hip Pain: A Case Study

Hip pain in children can present a diagnostic challenge for the pediatric primary care provider. This case study examines an otherwise healthy 3-year-old girl with unilateral hip pain and intermittent refusal to bear weight on the affected side. Through history and physical examination, the provider was able to appropriately diagnose transient synovitis. This case study will summarize the care for hip pain in a child, including potential causes, a focused history and physical examination, appropriate diagnostic testing, and recommendations for home care and follow-up.
Pushing the limits of detection: investigation of cell-free DNA for aneuploidy screening in embryos.

Objective To determine the accuracy of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in spent embryo medium (SEM) for ploidy and sex detection at the cleavage and blastocyst stages. To determine if assisted hatching (AH) and morphologic grade influence cfDNA concentration and accuracy. Design Prospective cohort. Setting Academic fertility center. Patient(s) Nine patients undergoing IVF; 41 donated two-pronuclei embryos and 20 embryos from patients undergoing preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). Interventions(s) In a donated embryo arm, SEM was collected on days 3 and 5, with one-half of the embryos undergoing AH before and one-half after. In a clinical arm, SEM was collected on day 5 before trophectoderm (TE) biopsy. Samples underwent PGT-A with the use of next-generation sequencing. cfDNA results were compared with corresponding whole embryos and TE biopsies. Main Outcome Measure(s) Concordance rates, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for ploidy and sex detection with the use of cfDNA. Result(s) Of 141 samples, cfDNA was amplified in 39% and 80.4% of days 3 and 5 SEM, respectively. Concordances for ploidy and sex, respectively, were 56.3% and 81.3% between day 3 cfDNA and whole embryos, and 65% and 70% between day 5 cfDNA and TE biopsies. Day 5 cfDNA sensitivity and specificity for aneuploidy were 0.8 and 0.61, respectively. PPV and NPV were 0.47 and 0.88, respectively. Timing of AH and morphology did not influence cfDNA concentration or accuracy. Conclusion(s) cfDNA is detectable on days 3 and 5, but more accurate on day 5. Although our data suggest moderate concordance rates, PGT-A with the use of cfDNA must be further optimized before clinical implementation.
Falls in patients with vestibular deficits.

Objective To determine to what extent patients with vestibular hypofunction experience falls. Study design Prospective clinical study. Setting Outpatient tertiary care facility in a university. Patients Patients with unilateral (n = 70) and bilateral (n = 45) vestibular hypofunction, confirmed on vestibular function testing, aged 24 to 89 years. Intervention None. Main outcome measure Incidence of falls. Results There was a significant difference in the incidence of falls reported since the onset of the vestibular deficit by patients with unilateral (UVL) and bilateral (BVL) vestibular hypofunction. The incidence of falls for BVL was significantly greater than that for UVL. The incidence of falls for UVL was not different from that expected in a community-based population when age was considered. The incidence of falls for BVL was significantly greater than that reported for the general population aged 65 through 74 years (51.1% for BVL, 25% for community-dwelling individuals) but was significantly less than expected for persons aged > or =75 years (18.2% for BVL, 49% for community-dwelling individuals). The lower incidence of falls in patients with BVL aged > or =75 years may be related to the use of assistive devices and to a decrease in risky behavior. All patients with serious injury were from the UVL group, and all were >65 years old. The incidence of fall-related injuries requiring medical attention among patients with UVL was similar to that in community-dwelling individuals. Conclusions Falls are an important consequence of bilateral vestibular hypofunction, and patients should be counseled about the increased risk of falling. Assistive devices should be considered, especially for persons aged >65 years with BVL.
Metaplectic Whittaker Functions and Crystals of Type B

The spherical metaplectic Whittaker function on the double cover of Sp (2r, F), where F is a nonarchimedean local field, is considered from several different points of view. Previously, an expression, similar to the Casselman–Shalika formula, had been given by Bump, Friedberg, and Hoffstein as a sum is over the Weyl group. It is shown that this coincides with the expression for the p-parts of Weyl group multiple Dirichlet series of type B r as defined by the averaging method of Chinta and Gunnells. Two conjectural expressions as sums over crystals of type B are given and another as the partition function of a free-fermionic six-vertex model system.
Medical Management of Pain in the Emergency Setting Without Narcotics: Current Status and Future Options

Relief of pain and discomfort is a critical component of the mission of every health care provider to reduce suffering. Pain management is of paramount importance in the provision of care at every level. This is an era of increasing patient expectations of care, yet also there exists an ongoing scourge of opiate abuse. ED visits for opioid overdoses rose 30% in all parts of the USA from July 2016 through September 2017. Deaths from narcotic overdose in the USA now exceed those from motor vehicle crashes. The concept of an “opiate-free” emergency department has been posited. The emergency practitioner is presented with clinical and political challenges which did not exist in the past. This article elucidates current pharmacologic options regarding analgesia in the emergency setting, with some possible future options.
Molecular and biological factors regulating the genome packaging in single-strand positive-sense tripartite RNA plant viruses

Plant pathogenic single strand positive-sense RNA viruses with the tripartite genome are classified into two families: Bromoviridae and Virgaviridae. Family Bromoviridae contains four genera Bromo, Cucumo, Alfamo, and Ilarviruses characterized by icosahedral particles. By contrast family Virgaviridae contains only one genus, Hordeivirus, with tripartite genome and characterized by helical particles. Unlike in monopartite plant viruses, packaging in tripartite RNA viruses requires a well-orchestrated process to ensure that viral progeny is selectively encapsidated and distributed optimally into three or four different viral capsids. Among the tripartite RNA viruses mentioned above, brome mosaic virus (BMV), the type member of the genus bromovirus, has been extensively used as a model system to unravel the mechanism of genome packaging. Using the available research data on BMV, this review is focused in updating the readers on how various macromolecular interactions (e.g. packaging signals) and biological factors (i.e. type of host plant) modulate genome packaging. The review also offers new directions of research to further our knowledge on the genome packaging in tripartite viruses.
Timed sequential therapy with high-dose cytarabine and mitoxantrone as an effective and safe induction regimen for acute myeloid leukemia.

7055Background: Traditionally, patients eligible for induction chemotherapy for AML are treated with the “7+3” regimen, which includes standard doses of infusional cytarabine and an anthracycline, ...
Style as Identity: Fashion in Taiwan in the Early Twentieth Century

In the twentieth century, fashion in Taiwan was marked by several levels of cultural influences. Compared to the establishment of radical modern education, Japanese colonial power (1895–1945) put more effort into changing social habits in everyday life. It took twenty years (until about 1914) to successfully ban men from wearing the Manchu queue and to eradicate foot binding for women. From the 1920s, men’s Western-style clothing was fashionable among the elite. However, feminine fashion was marked by two parallel trends. One, the modernized Chinese dress, came from Shanghai, while the other was the European-style dress introduced via Tokyo. In painting, photography, and the press of the time, clothing style works as a way to recognize social class, education, and personal identity. Sun shows how fashion in Taiwan showcased the crossroads of Sino-Japanese modernity during its encounter with the West.
Controlled substance prescribing and education in orthopedic residencies: A program director survey.

Abstract Background Opioid misuse is currently plaguing the US. Efforts to reduce this include opioid prescribing education (OPE). Orthopaedic residents often prescribe opioids but, their education is unknown. Methods A survey was sent to orthoapedic residency program directors (PDs) regarding their program's controlled substance (CS) policies and knowledge of local CS regulations. Results There were 60 (36.8%) completed surveys. 54 (90.0%) programs allow resident outpatient opioid prescribing. Nine (16.7%) programs require individual DEA registration and 7 (13.0%) were unsure about DEA registrations. State laws regarding PDMP utilization and OPE for fully licensed physicians were correctly answered by 52 (86.7%) and 43 (71.6%), respectively. 27 (45.0%) programs had a mandatory OPE. Six (10.0%) PDs were unsure about a mandatory OPE. 16 (48.5%) programs that did not confirm an OPE were considering adding one. Conclusions The majority of programs permit residents outpatient opioid prescribing; less than half provide mandatory OPE. Several PDs were unaware local CS prescribing regulations and education. This study demonstrates opportunities to improve OPE among orthopaedic residencies and PDs’ knowledge regarding CS regulations.
Leaders’ Cultural Responsiveness in a Rural Program Serving Latinx Youth

To provide examples of culturally responsive practices used by leaders of a rural Latinx-serving youth program, this case study focused on a community youth program in a small, rural Midwestern tow...
Primary care of the somatizing patient: a collaborative model

Somatizing patients can be frustrating to treat, and their lengthy diagnostic workups represent a huge drain on health care resources. Cure of somatoform disorders is elusive; however, cost-effective, compassionate management is possible through collaboration between primary care physicians and psychiatrists or behavioral health care groups.
Simvastatin Induces Delayed Apoptosis Through Disruption of Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Impairment in Neuroblastoma Cells.

Simvastatin, a commonly used cholesterol-lowering drug, inhibits the mevalonate pathway involved in the synthesis of the mitochondrial electron carrier coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), as well as other bioenergetics substrates. The purpose of this study was to investigate simvastatin exposure on mitochondrial respiration, metabolic fuel preferences, and glucose utilization. We hypothesized that simvastatin at a noncytotoxic dose will impair energy metabolism in human neuroblastoma cells. SK-N-AS cells were exposed at acute and chronic time points and evaluated in a Seahorse XF analyzer, revealing decreased mitochondrial and glycolytic parameters. Flow cytometry showed a significant induction of apoptosis in simvastatin-treated cells at 48 hours. Finally, multiple techniques were used to show that simvastatin-mediated impairment of bioenergetics is more complex than CoQ10 depletion or hampered glucose uptake. Therefore, the data reported here represent a biphasic hit to mitochondria followed by reduction in glucose and glutamine metabolism in neuroblastoma; adding mechanism to potential pleotropic effects of statins.
Quasi-Experimental Designs

Quasi-experimental designs manipulate causes to discover their effects without randomizing units to conditions. These designs include nonequivalent control group designs, interrupted time series, regression discontinuity designs, single-case designs, and sometimes also case-control designs and correlational designs. Donald Campbell and Julian Stanley invented the term quasi-experiment, described many variants of these designs, invented a validity typology (statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, external validity) and threats to validity to help evaluate causal inferences from these designs, and emphasized the use of design features to rule out or diagnose these threats. Contemporary statistical work pertinent to these designs includes propensity score analysis, sensitivity analysis, selection bias modeling, and structural equation modeling; the theory of quasi-experimentation is also being improved by empirical study of its key concepts and hypotheses.
Tunable, bacterio-instructive scaffolds made from functional graphenic materials

The balance of bacterial populations in the human body is critical for human health. Researchers have aimed to control bacterial populations using antibiotic substrates. However, antibiotic materials that non-selectively kill bacteria can compromise health by eliminating beneficial bacteria, which leaves the body vulnerable to colonization by harmful pathogens. Due to their chemical tunablity and unique surface properties, graphene oxide (GO)-based materials - termed "functional graphenic materials" (FGMs) - have been previously designed to be antibacterial but have the capacity to actively adhere and instruct probiotics to maintain human health. Numerous studies have demonstrated that negatively and positively charged surfaces influence bacterial adhesion through electrostatic interactions with the negatively charged bacterial surface. We found that tuning the surface charge of FGMs provides an avenue to control bacterial attachment without compromising vitality. Using E. coli as a model organism for Gram-negative bacteria, we demonstrate that negatively charged Claisen graphene (CG), a reduced and carboxylated FGM, is bacterio-repellent through electrostatic repulsion with the bacterial surface. Though positively charged poly-l-lysine (PLL) is antibacterial when free in solution by inserting into the bacterial cell wall, here, we found that covalent conjugation of PLL to CG (giving PLLn-G) masks the antimicrobial activity of PLL by restricting polypeptide mobility. This allows the immobilized positive charge of the PLLn-Gs to be leveraged for E. coli adhesion through electrostatic attraction. We identified the magnitude of positive charge of the PLLn-G conjugates, which is modulated by the length of the PLL peptide, as an important parameter to tune the balance between the opposing forces of bacterial adhesion and proliferation. We also tested adhesion of Gram-positive B. subtilis to these FGMs and found that the effect of FGM charge is less pronounced. B. subtilis adheres nondiscriminatory to all FGMs, regardless of charge, but adhesion is scarce and localized. Overall, this work demonstrates that FGMs can be tuned to selectively control bacterial response, paving the way for future development of FGM-based biomaterials as bacterio-instructive scaffolds through careful design of FGM surface chemistry.
Local Structural Disorder in Metavanadates MV2O6 (M = Zn and Cu) Synthesized by the Deep Eutectic Solvent Route: Photoactive Oxides with Oxygen Vacancies

Metavanadates MV2O6−δ (M = Zn and Cu) are synthesized by using a deep eutectic solvent (DES), a mixture of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, as a reaction medium. Dissolution of stable binary metal...
Building a Climate for Advocacy Training in Professional Psychology

Counseling psychologists have been at the forefront of social justice and advocacy efforts in the discipline of psychology. Despite these foci, few graduate training programs in psychology offer fo...
Perioperative amino acid infusion reestablishes muscle net balance during total hip arthroplasty.

Surgery and anesthesia induce a catabolic response that leads to skeletal muscle protein loss. Previous investigations have observed positive effects of perioperative nutrition. Furthermore, the benefits of exogenous amino acids on muscle protein kinetics are well established. However, no investigation has focused on muscle protein kinetics with and without perioperative amino acid infusion. Thus, we aimed to assess the effect of perioperative amino acid (AA) infusion on muscle protein balance in individuals undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (THA). Elective THA patients were randomized to undergo a metabolic study prior to surgery (n = 5; control [CON]), intraoperative AA infusion (n = 9), or no AA (n = 13; standard of care [SC]). The CON group was studied prior to surgery to provide nonoperative/non-anesthesia muscle protein kinetic reference values. The bolus infusion method with 13 C6 -phenylalanine injected at time 0, and [15 N]-phenylalanine 30 min later was used to calculate muscle protein synthesis (MPS), protein breakdown (MPB), and net balance (MPS-MPB). Perioperative AA significantly improved muscle net balance as compared to SC (-0.005 ± 0.018%/h vs. -0.052 ± 0.011%/h) but not CON (0.003 ± 0.013%/h). The AA infusion significantly increased muscle net balance via a significant increase in MPS (AA = 0.062 ± 0.007%/h; SC = 0.037 ± 0.004%/h; CON = 0.072% ± 0.005%/h), and a nonsignificant attenuation of MPB (AA = 0.067 ± 0.012%/h; SC = 0.089 ± 0.014%/h; CON = 0.075 ± 0.011%/h). Our data support the use of perioperative AA infusion during elective THA as pragmatic strategy to offset the loss of surgically induced skeletal muscle protein.
Names, Numbers, and Global Governance

In 1995, the management of Internet domain names started to blow up into a global policy issue. Controversy over this issue led to the formation in 1998 of a new international organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). ICANN and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) went about creating a new global regime that links domain name assignment and intellectual property dispute resolution. ICANN has even toyed with the possibility of creating a new form of global citizenship for Internet users.
THE ROLE OF AUTOANTIBODIES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF LUPUS NEPHRITIS

Despite intensive research over the past three decades, the events leading to pathogenic autoantibody production and immune deposit formation in individuals with systemic lupus erythematosus continues to be debated. The controversy is fueled by the clinical observations that individual patients with lupus have variable expression of disease, and that it is often difficult to completely distinguish the events involved in the initiation of nephritis from the processes leading to progressive disease and organ failure. This review focuses on the mechanisms of immune deposition in individuals with lupus nephritis. Recent evidence derived from both analysis of spontaneously occurring animal models of lupus nephritis and human lupus nephritis suggests that direct binding of autoantibodies to glomerular antigens is an important mechanism in lupus and other immune complex nephritides. In situ deposition of circulating autoantigens and autoantibodies also may play a role. These findings, taken together with observations from analysis of other autoimmune diseases, suggest that autoantigen ligation by autoantibodies may contribute to the inflammatory/fibrogenic response through either direct stimulation of cells or interruption of cell-cell or cell matrix interactions. The nature of these type of interactions in individual patients therefore may have disease-modulating effects. For example, the predominant autoantibody response likely influences the glomerular response to immune deposition and the ensuing inflammation. The evidence for, and implications of, this hypothesis are discussed.
Compact binary x-ray sources

Compact binary X-ray sources include white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes that are accreting matter from a companion star. The X-ray emission from these systems is produced by the accreting matter as it flows through an accretion disk and strikes the surface of the compact object. The emitting regions have opacities dominated by electron scattering, and radiation pressure is likely to play an important role in the hydrodynamics. Strong magnetic fields greatly modify the hydrodynamics and radiation transfer in the pulsating neutron star sources. Accretion disks have complex structure, including an electron scattering corona, a cool outer region, and possibly a thick torus in their inner region. The structure and stability properties of accretion disks are only partially understood. Major problems exist with the interpretation of the spectra and luminosities of the X-ray burst sources. The pulsed X-ray emission from the pulsating binary X-ray sources probably comes from “mounds” of accreting gas at the magnetic poles of neutron stars, in which the accreting matter is decelerated by radiation pressure. The physics of these systems is reviewed, with an emphasis on problems for which hydrodynamical simulations may be especially useful.
A crítica de Nietzsche à cultura de massas

Reasoning about Nietzsche’s contribution to the mass culture debate, this article aims to underscore his internal contraditons from both an historical and from a cultural point of view, in order to situate the philosopher’s ideas about that subject vis-a-vis the advances of cultural modernity. The author adopts both a critical and a dialectical perspective in his reading of Nietzsche.
Ralgro-implanted bulls: Performance, carcass characteristics, longissimus palatability and carcass electrical stimulation

Summary Twenty of 40 Angus bulls were implanted (I) five times with 36 mg of Ralgro| at average intervals of 106 d, beginning near birth. All bulls and their dams were on bluestem pasture initially and, at an average age of 320 d bulls were fed a concentrate diet until they were slaughtered, weighing either 454 or 499 kg. One side of each carcass was electrically stimulated. Average daily gain and feed efficiency of I bulls improved 6.5 to 10.4% and 7.9 to 8.1%, respectively, depending upon the end point comparison with nonimplanted (NI) bulls. Implanted bulls attained their slaughter weights 42 d sooner than did NI bulls. Implantation decreased (P .05) seminal vesicle and pituitary weights. Carcasses from I bulls had more (P .05) by implantation. Taste panel flavor intensity and detectable connective tissue scores were higher (P<.05) for steaks from I bulls than from NI bulls. Longissimus steak tenderness evaluations were higher (P<.05) for both I slaughter groups than for the NI light-weight
Inverse problem solutions for contactless conductivity imaging

Contactless electrical conductivity imaging uses a magnetic induction-magnetic detection data acquisition system to obtain low resolution static conductivity images of living tissues. Since induction type excitation decreases greatly by the distance, the information from the deep tissues is more sensitive to measurement noise. In this study, we explore the depth resolution of the contactless electrical conductivity imaging with least squares algorithms. The vertical line spread function is evaluated for least squares, generalized cross validation, bounded data uncertainties, and, Moore-Penrose truncated inverse algorithms. The numerical results revealed that bounded data uncertainties algorithm is favorable to the others by its performance, and, its robustness. The system is able provide visibility for a depth of 4 cm when the measurement SNR is 80 dB.
Encounter with the Unconscious

Abstract Twelfth-century Hildegard of Bingen’s lush interior life foreshadowed twentieth-century Jungian insight into the rich contents of the unconscious in human personality. “Encounter with the Unconscious: Hildegard in Jung” provides an overview of the seven references in Jung's Collected Works to Hildegard of Bingen, who, in Jung's own words, was “an outstanding personality quite apart from her mysticism” (CW 13, ¶42). Murray Stein contends that Jung was guided in his writings “by an unseen hand, a largely unconscious spiritus rector [guiding spirit].” Eight centuries earlier Hildegard was motivated by the same impulse and guided by a similar spirit—the umbra viventis lucis—the Living Light within her soul. This article offers an interpretation of Jung's interest in a woman from another era upon whom he could rely while pioneering the rich, colorful, and symbolic spiritual terrain of the unconscious. Both medieval Benedictine Abbess Hildegard and modern depth psychologist Jung sought to heal a Christ...
Genuinely American: Croatian‐American Race, Manhood, and Nationalism in Postwar Pittsburgh

Especially during the turbulent years of the immediate postwar period, Croatian-Americans found expediency in positioning their ethnic culture within the realm of acceptable white manhood and peaceful civilization. To be accepted was to be white, or to try to be white. Accordingly, Croatian-Americans attempted to qualify themselves as authentic whites whose ethnicity meshed perfectly with the American way. This study examines the Croatian Fraternal Union's Zajednicar newspaper to demonstrate that during the postwar period, which was characterized by converging anxieties over disintegrating gender roles, acceptable whiteness, as structured by Protestant old immigrant Americans, and the perceived communist threat, Croatian-Americans in Pittsburgh qualified themselves as authentically white and genuine American men and women to escape accusations of subversion.
The validation and reproducibility of the pulmonary embolism severity index

Summary. Background: Rapid, accurate risk stratification is paramount in managing patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The PE Severity Index (PESI) is a simple tool that risk stratifies patients with acute PE. Objectives: We sought to validate the PESI as a predictor of short- and intermediate-term mortality and to determine the inter-rater variability. Patients/Methods: We retrospectively identified all patients with acute PE between October 2007 and February 2009. Two clinicians reviewed charts and independently scored PESI blinded to each other and to patient outcomes. Thirty- and 90-day mortality served as study endpoints and vital status was assessed via the Social Security Death Index. To facilitate analyses, raw PESI score was converted into risk class groups (I–V) and further dichotomized into low risk (I–II) vs. high risk (III–V) groups. Intraclass correlation and the kappa statistic were used to determine inter-rater variability. Results: The cohort included 302 subjects (mean age, 59.7 ± 17.2 years; 44% male). All-cause 30- and 90-day mortalities were 3.0% and 4.0%, respectively. The mortality rate increased as raw PESI score increased. Risk of death correlated with risk class (P < 0.001). There were no deaths in risk classes I–III, but 30- and 90-day mortality for class V were 9.2% and 10.5%, respectively. Overall, mean PESI scores were similar between observers: 103.3 ± 39.3 and 96.5 ± 37.6 (P = NS). The inter-rater variability was good (kappa = 0.69; P < 0.0001). Conclusions: The PESI correlates with 30- and 90-day mortality. It represents a reproducible scoring tool to risk stratify patients with acute PE.
Cosmology and Particle Physics

A brief overview is given of recent work that integrates cosmology and particle physics. The observational data regarding the abundance of matter and radiation in the Universe is described. The manner in which the cosmological survival density of stable massive particles can be calculated is discussed along with the process of cosmological nucleosynthesis. Several applications of these general arguments are given with reference to the survival density of nucleons, neutrinos and unconfined fractionally charge particles. The use of nucleosynthesis to limit the number of lepton generations is described together with the implications of a small neutrino mass for the origin of galaxies and clusters.
Copper Alloys, Wrought Copper and Wrought Copper Alloys

The mechanical and physical properties of wrought copper and wrought copper alloys are surveyed according to alloy composition and the temper to which the alloys are processed. Properties important for manufacturing include: formability, bending, drawing, and its analysis; springback; joining, welding, brazing, and soldering; resistances to softening and hydrogen embrittlement; and machinability. Properties relating to performance of manufactured products are strength, electrical and thermal conductivities, solderability, and resistances to stress relaxation, fatigue failure, and corrosion. Alloy designations are defined and tensile properties of alloys within the several compositional groups are provided. Wrought copper (93.3% minimum copper); the high coppers (no less than 96% copper); zinc and tin brasses; tin, aluminum, and silicon bronzes; specially modified copper-zinc alloys; copper nickels; and nickel silvers are discussed together with the several commercially available precipitation hardenable alloys that are distributed among the compositional groupings. Selected applications and the relative pricing of commercial alloys are given. Keywords: Alloy designations; Product forms; Product processing; Copper alloys; Strengthening; Alloy specific properties; Brasses; Copper-nickel alloys; Bronzes; Copper-zinc alloys; Heat exchangers; Wrought copper; Corrosion
Self-efficacy and the promotion of health for depressed single mothers.

Single mothers are a vulnerable population at risk for poor mental and physical health. This paper discusses the mental and physical health of single mothers, as well as the psychosocial and socio‐economic risk factors placing single mothers at risk for poor health outcomes. Some of these include, gender, income level, educational status, social support, stress and certain personality characteristics. Theoretical models with the potential to explore ways to promote health in depressed single mothers will also be presented. The paper concludes with the application of these models to primary prevention and the promotion of health for single mothers along with recommendations for future research.
Which Urban Crisis?: Regionalism, Race, and Urban Policy, 1960—1974

During the 1960s and 1970s, Congress and policymakers engaged in a heated debate over the proper role of the federal government in urban America enacted several initiatives to deal with the problems facing older cities, including creating the Department of Housing and Urban Development. However, throughout these years, federal officials, members of Congress, and other interested parties remained divided over the extent and nature of the “urban crisis.” During the early 1960s, much of the debate about urban areas focused on the problems of “metropolitan growth,” but in late 1960s, urban problems became increasingly identified with issues of racial conflict. By the early 1970s, policymakers had concluded that federal programs had generally failed to improve the state of urban America, and they oversaw a devolution of power back to local governments.
Impaired Response Inhibition in the Rat 5 Choice Continuous Performance Task during Protracted Abstinence from Chronic Alcohol Consumption

Impaired cognitive processing is a hallmark of addiction. In particular, deficits in inhibitory control can propel continued drug use despite adverse consequences. Clinical evidence shows that detoxified alcoholics exhibit poor inhibitory control in the Continuous Performance Task (CPT) and related tests of motor impulsivity. Animal models may provide important insight into the neural mechanisms underlying this consequence of chronic alcohol exposure though pre-clinical investigations of behavioral inhibition during alcohol abstinence are sparse. The present study employed the rat 5 Choice-Continuous Performance Task (5C-CPT), a novel pre-clinical variant of the CPT, to evaluate attentional capacity and impulse control over the course of protracted abstinence from chronic intermittent alcohol consumption. In tests conducted with familiar 5C-CPT conditions EtOH-exposed rats exhibited impaired attentional capacity during the first hours of abstinence and impaired behavioral restraint (increased false alarms) during the first 5d of abstinence that dissipated thereafter. Subsequent tests employing visual distractors that increase the cognitive load of the task revealed significant increases in impulsive action (premature responses) at 3 and 5 weeks of abstinence, and the emergence of impaired behavioral restraint (increased false alarms) at 7 weeks of abstinence. Collectively, these findings demonstrate the emergence of increased impulsive action in alcohol-dependent rats during protracted alcohol abstinence and suggest the 5C-CPT with visual distractors may provide a viable behavioral platform for characterizing the neurobiological substrates underlying impaired behavioral inhibition resulting from chronic intermittent alcohol exposure.