cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent Differentiation of Self and Child Competence in Low-Income Urban Families.

In this study, the author examined whether family system functioning was associated with resilience in children exposed to negative environmental stress. In a sample of 55 low-income, urban families, greater differentiation of self among mothers predicted child competence—that is, better verbal and math achievement scores and lower aggression—after considering the effects of neighborhood violence and family life stress. No relations were observed between parent functioning and child academic selfconcept. Furthermore, mothers’ differentiation-of-self scores predicted children’s cognitive skills, even after controlling for parent level of education. Implications, limitations, and directions for further research are discussed. Since counseling psychology’s discovery of the family in the 1980s (Gelso & Fassinger, 1990), interest in children and their families has grown dramatically (e.g., Fitzgerald & Osipow, 1988; Schneider, Watkins, & Gelso, 1988; Walsh, Galassi, Murphy, & Park-Taylor, 2002). In the last decade, instruction in family therapy has become a standard component of doctoral training in counseling psychology programs (Murdock, Alcorn, Heesacker, & Stoltenberg, 1998). Articles focused on children and families appearing in the Journal of Counseling Psychology have more than tripled in the last 20 years (i.e., only 7 articles with the keywords child or family were published from 1980 to 1989, whereas from 1990 to 1999, 40 articles appeared). Recent issues of The Counseling Psychologist on preventing childhood disorders (Romano & Hage, 2000) and promoting school partnerships (Kenny, Waldo, Warter, & Barton, 2002; Walsh et al., 2002) provide further evidence of the field’s interest in and commitment to understanding and working effectively with children and families. The broad purpose of this study was to better understand the relationship between family system functioning and resilience among urban, at-risk children. Urban environmental stress puts children at early risk for learning delays and emotional and behavioral problems (e.g., Attar, Guerra, & Tolan, 1994; Black &
Complex refractive index of limestone in the visible and infrared

Near normal-incidence relative spectular reflectance was measured throughout the 0.2–32.8-μm wavelength region for three cut and polished samples of Bethany Falls limestone. Water, for which the complex refractive index is well known, was the reflectance standard. Although the visual appearances of the three samples were quite different, the relative reflectance spectra for the three samples were nearly identical. The three relative reflectance spectra were averaged to obtain a composite relative reflectance spectrum. Kramers-Kronig analysis of the composite relative reflectance spectrum then provided spectral values of the complex refractive index for limestone. A classical Lorentz dispersion analysis was also made of the composite relative reflectance spectrum, and the resulting dispersion parameters were tabulated. Infrared bands characteristic of the carbonate ion CO3−2 of the calcite comprising the limestone appeared as strong features in the spectra.
Organizational coping with institutional upheaval in transition economies

Abstract The radical change in corporate governance systems is fundamental to the period of institutional upheaval characterizing transition economies. Using an institutional theory framework, this paper develops a model of responses to this change. The model is tested with data from 1,723 firms in 22 countries in Central and Eastern Europe and the Newly Independent States. The results suggest that a firm’s adaptation to the new governance order will be facilitated or hampered depending on the characteristics of the institutional and organizational contexts it faces. A major implication of the study is the need to consider cultural and contextual embeddedness in explaining how governance systems transform.
Alpha-Gamma "Hot" Cells for Entry by Personnel

"Hot" cell is radiation shielded and contamination sealed enclosed space where large quantities of hazardous radioisotopes can be handled safely; basic engineering definitions and design and construction criteria for main cell structure; maintenance procedures; use of remote handling equipment.
Reye syndrome: Treatment by exchange transfusion with special reference to the 1974 epidemic in Cincinnati, Ohio

The treatment of 66 children with Reye syndrome proved by hepatic biopsy or autopsy is described. Prior to the utilization of exchange transfusion early in the course of the disease, our case fatality rate was 100% of nine patients. With early diagnosis and early exchange transfusion, the case fatality rate was reduced to 27% of 44 patients. During the 1974 epidemic of Reye syndrome, 26 children were treated. In 18 children the diagnosis was established by hepatic biopsy; 16 received one or more exchange transfusions. There were no deaths among these 26 patients. In the 1974 epidemic, the national case fatality rate was estimated to be 40%. Exchange transfusion appears to have been an important factor in the reduction of the case fatality rate among our patients.
Image-Guided Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: A Prospective Trial of Concomitant Boost Using Indium-111–Capromab Pendetide (ProstaScint) Imaging

Purpose To evaluate, in a prospective study, the use of 111 In–capromab pendetide (ProstaScint) scan to guide the delivery of a concomitant boost to intraprostatic region showing increased uptake while treating the entire gland with intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Methods and Materials From September 2002 to November 2005, 71 patients were enrolled. Planning pelvic CT and 111 In–capromab pendetide scan images were coregistered. The entire prostate gland received 75.6 Gy/42 fractions, whereas areas of increased uptake in 111 In–capromab pendetide scan received 82 Gy. For patients with T3/T4 disease, or Gleason score ≥8, or prostate-specific antigen level >20 ng/mL, 12 months of adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy was given. In January 2005 the protocol was modified to give 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy to patients with a prostate-specific antigen level of 10–20 ng/mL or Gleason 7 disease. Results Thirty-one patients had low-risk, 30 had intermediate-risk, and 10 had high-risk disease. With a median follow-up of 66 months, the 5-year biochemical control rates were 94% for the entire cohort and 97%, 93%, and 90% for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk groups, respectively. Maximum acute and late urinary toxicities were Grade 2 for 38 patients (54%) and 28 patients (39%) and Grade 3 for 1 and 3 patients (4%), respectively. One patient had Grade 4 hematuria. Maximum acute and late gastrointestinal toxicities were Grade 2 for 32 patients (45%) and 15 patients (21%), respectively. Most of the side effects improved with longer follow-up. Conclusion Concomitant boost to areas showing increased uptake in 111 In–capromab pendetide scan to 82 Gy using intensity-modulated radiotherapy while the entire prostate received 75.6 Gy was feasible and tolerable, with 94% biochemical control rate at 5 years.
Long-Life Base Load Service at 1600 F Turbine Inlet Temperature

Design considerations required for base load long-life service at turbine inlet temperature above 1600 F are discussed. These include control of combustion profile, air cooling of the first-stage nozzle, long-shank turbine buckets, accurate air and fuel distribution, and accurate temperature control.
Performance adjusted risks: a method to improve the quality of algorithm performance while allowing all to play.

Objective Differences in quality among ultrasound nuchal translucency providers or laboratories can profoundly affect Down syndrome screening results. A new method, performance adjusted risks (PAR), is developed to allow for such differences and improve performance. Methods Individual provider and laboratory marker distribution parameters are compared with national expectations. The maximum absolute deviation over the operating range is used to derive a handicap and weighting factors. Down syndrome risks obtained from commercial software for individual women can be corrected using the weights. Those with the biggest handicap will have the greatest correction. Five theoretical examples are used to illustrate handicap calculation and prospective combined test results on 32 Down syndrome and 7205 unaffected pregnancies are used to indicate the influence of weighting on performance. Results In the theoretical examples, a 10% systematic change (inaccuracy) in one or more markers or a similar change in the standard deviation (imprecision) yielded a handicap ranging from 4 to 11. Over the operating range, the individual risk reduced 40% or increased 250%. When the prospective combined test results were artificially adjusted to create 10% inaccurracy in all three markers, the detection rate was only 59% but after PAR weighting this increased to 75%. Conclusions PAR recognizes that not all providers are equal, and perfection is unrealistic. Using this approach all ‘can play’ while patients are protected from poor performance. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pathway analysis of radiation-sensitive meiotic mutants of Coprinus cinereus.

We have isolated 37 radiation-sensitive mutants of the basidiomyceteCoprinus cinereus. Each mutation is recessive, and the collection defines at least ten complementation groups for survival of gamma irradiation. Four complementation groups define the genesrad3, rad9, rad11 andrad12, which are required both for survival of gamma irradiation and for meiosis. Mutants in each of these four groups fail to complete meiosis and produce mushrooms with greatly reduced numbers of viable spores. Propidium iodide staining of meiotic nuclei showed a characteristic terminal appearance for each mutant: few cells of any of the meiotic mutants progress beyond prophase I, and both condensation and fragmentation or dispersal of meiotic chromatin are frequently observed. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the meiotic mutants make varying numbers (0–6) of basidiospore initials and that few of these initials develop into mature spores. When initials are present they are always symmetrically arrayed on the basidium, regardless of initial number. In quantitative measurements of gamma ray sensitivity, double mutants of every tested combination ofrad3, rad9, rad11 andrad12 consistently showed the same gamma ray sensitivity as the more sensitive single mutant parent of the cross. Therefore, these four genes are in the same pathway for the repair of gamma radiation damage, and this pathway also represents one or more functions essential for meiosis.
Effect of Undernutrition During the Perinatal Period on Caries Development in the Rat: IV. Effects of Differential Tooth Eruption and Exposure to a Cariogenic Diet on Subsequent Dental Caries Incidence

The tooth eruption pattern in well- and under-nourished rat pups was investigated. A one-day lag was observed in those pups born to, and suckled on, dams that received a low protein diet when compared with control pups from mothers given a high protein diet. The difference in susceptibility to dental caries between these two groups could not be accounted for by this differential eruption and time of exposure to the cariogenic stress.
Lead reduction and redistribution in the forest floor in New Hampshire northern hardwoods.

Because of the affinity of organic matter for lead, atmospheric loadings of this pollutant have been strongly retained in the forest floor. With the regulation of Pb emissions, loadings have decreased. We measured changes in Pb in forest floor horizons at a variety of northern hardwood sites in New Hampshire from the late 1970s to the 1990s. In all seven of the sites in which horizons were distinguished within the forest floor, Pb was found to be declining in the upper (Oie) horizon, but not in the underlying Oa and A horizons. At the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF), this loss from the Oie resulted in a 36% loss of Pb from the forest floor as a whole between 1976 and 1997 (p 50% from the Oi and Oe horizons (p = 0.01) between 1979 and 1994 were compensated by gains in the Oa and A horizons. Similarly, at seven additional stands in the White Mountain National Forest, changes in the forest floor as a whole from 1980 to 1995 were not statistically significant (redistribution within the forest floor was not evaluated at these sites). Lead concentrations were highest in the Oe or Oie in the 1970s, but were highest in the Oa horizon in the 1990s. There was no significant pattern of Pb loss or retention as a function of stand age across all the sites.
Cardiopulmonary bypass reduces the minimum alveolar concentration for isoflurane

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this investigation was to determine the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in a rat model of CPB. Design: Prospective. Setting: University research laboratory. Participants: Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions: Using tail-clamp methodology, the pre- and post-CPB MAC for isoflurane was studied. Methods and main results: Rats were anesthetized with isoflurane, intubated, ventilated, and surgically prepared for CPB, after which they were randomized to either Sham-operated or CPB groups. The CPB group (n = 10) underwent 90 minutes of normothermic nonpulsatile CPB. The Sham group (n = 13) were cannulated but did not undergo CPB. Pre- and post-CPB MAC determinations were compared within groups using a paired Student t test. The CPB group had a pre-CPB baseline isoflurane MAC of 1.09% ± 0.11% versus 1.09% ± 0.08% in the Sham group (p = 0.90). Twenty minutes after CPB, the CPB group exhibited a decrease in MAC to 0.98% ± 0.14% (p = 0.0026, compared with baseline). The MAC in the Sham group was unchanged (p = 0.5852, compared with baseline). Two hours after CPB, the MAC in the CPB group remained lower compared with baseline at 0.99% ± 0.14% (p = 0.0032). Conclusions: CPB resulted in a small (10%) but significant reduction in the MAC for isoflurane. The mechanism behind this reduction in MAC is not clear but may be related to CPB-induced cerebral injury.
Separation of Transducer and Impulse-Generating Processes in Sensory Receptors

New evidence is presented that spike and transducer processes in sensory receptors are independent events; impulse activity in tile crustacean stretch receptor neuron and the mammalian pacinian corpuscle was selectively blocked by a compound (tetrodotoxin) without affecting any of the parameters of the generator potential.
Comparison of the Effect on Right Atrial Pressure of Abdominal Compression Versus the Valsalva Maneuver

When the right atrial pressure (RAP) exceeds the left atrial pressure, right-to-left shunting can occur. Normally, the Valsalva maneuver is used to facilitate elevation of RAP. However, performing the Valsalva maneuver can be problematic in certain situations. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the application of abdominal pressure would increase the pressure within the right atrium compared with the left atrium, making it an adequate alternative to the Valsalva maneuver. Twelve patients were prospectively evaluated during right-sided cardiac catheterization with the application of abdominal pressure as well as a Valsalva maneuver. RAP and left atrial pressure were measured simultaneously. In 11 patients, the mean RAP was lower than the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure at baseline. The mean RAP was significantly higher than the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure during abdominal compression (24.8 ± 9.9 vs 21.6 ± 8.8 mm Hg, p = 0.001). When the Valsalva maneuver was performed, mean RAP was also significantly higher than the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (25.3 ± 10.9 vs 22.1 ± 10.3 mm Hg, p = 0.008). In conclusion, abdominal compression is similar to an optimal Valsalva maneuver for increasing RAP and thus the right-to-left pressure gradient. Performing abdominal compression provides a simple alternative to the Valsalva maneuver for creating a transient increase in RAP.
Towards WYSIWYG Color A Simplified And Subjective Method For Improving The Printed Appearance Of Computer Generated Images

Abstract Personal computer systems with an attached color display and color printer are now readily available.Users are learning that transforming data generated for the monitor to a form suitable for the printer is not simple. Manufacturers of traditional graphic arts prepress systems have learned how to make this transformation but are not disposed to reveal the art. As a result, it is necessary for users to develop their owntranslation software. Most of the users are new to the art and are not skilled in color reproduction. They aredissatisfied with the results they get when they use simple transformations, and they are willing to accept lessthan full graphic arts quality in exchange for a significant improvement in quality and simplicity. It is for thisgroup that the following method of finding a suitable transformation for a specific monitor /printer pair wasdesigned.From its beginning photography has been an amalgam of art and science. When photography was introduced,traditional artists feared that the new technology could render reality precisely and that it could make them obsolete.They discovered instead that photography was just another medium which had to be manipulated much as the traditionalartists manipulated their media. Photographic scientists, however, starting with the concept of
IV. Does a generalized Heisenberg principle operate in the social sciences

It is argued that a generalization of Heisenberg's principle of indeterminacy is possible in the social sciences. The empirical grounds for this contention lie with interference phenomena induced by transference distortions that may occur when human beings investigate the behaviour of one another.
A complete classification of the two-point extensions of a multidimensional bernoulli shift

A theorem is proven which gives five characterizations of a multidimensional Bernoulli shift. The two-point extensions of a multidimensional Bernoulli shift are classified completely. If such an extension is weakly mixing then it must be Bernoulli; otherwise, it is isomorphic to one of 2 n specific trivial extensions. This result is extended to multidimensional Bernoulli flows and Bernoulli shifts of infinite entropy.
Cloud Retrieval Using Infrared Sounder Data: Error Analysis.

Abstract An error analysis is presented for cloud-top pressure and cloud-amount retrieval using infrared sounder data. Rms and bias errors are determined for instrument noise (typical of the HIRS-2 instrument on TIROS-N) and for uncertainties in the temperature profiles and water vapor profiles used to estimate clear-sky radiances. Errors are determined for a range of test cloud amounts (0.1–1.0) and cloud-top pressures (920–100 mb). Rms errors vary by an order of magnitude depending on the cloud height and cloud amount within the satellite's field of view. Large bias errors are found for low-altitude clouds. These bias errors are shown to result from physical constraints placed on retrieved cloud properties, i.e., cloud amounts between 0.0 and 1.0 and cloud-top pressures between the ground and tropopause levels. Middle-level and high-level clouds (above 3–4 km) are retrieved with low bias and rms errors. For instrument noise the 4.3 μm channels provide the smallest errors. For temperature profile and wat...
Lever conditioned stimulus–directed autoshaping induced by saccharin–ethanol unconditioned stimulus solution: effects of ethanol concentration and trial spacing

Two experiments were designed to evaluate whether brief access to a saccharin-ethanol solution would function as an effective unconditioned stimulus (US) in Pavlovian-autoshaping procedures. In these experiments, the insertion of a lever conditioned stimulus (CS) was followed by the brief presentation of a sipper tube containing saccharin-ethanol US solution. Experience with this Pavlovian-autoshaping procedure engendered lever CS-directed autoshaping conditioned responses (CRs) in all rats. In Experiment 1, the concentration of ethanol [0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% (vol./vol.)] in 0.1% saccharin was systematically increased within subjects across autoshaping sessions to evaluate the relation between a rat's drinking and lever pressing. In Experiment 2, the mean intertrial interval (ITI) duration (60, 90, 120 s) was systematically increased within subjects across autoshaping sessions to evaluate the effect of ITI duration on drinking and lever pressing. A pseudoconditioning control group received lever CS randomly with respect to the saccharin-ethanol US solution. In Experiment 1, lever-press autoshaping CRs developed in all rats, and the tendency of a rat to drink an ethanol concentration was predictive of the performance of lever-press autoshaping CRs. In Experiment 2, longer ITIs induced more lever CS-directed responding, and CS-US paired procedures yielded more lever CS-directed responding than that observed in CS-US random procedures. Saccharin-ethanol is an effective US in Pavlovian-autoshaping procedures, inducing more CS-directed responding than in pseudoconditioning controls receiving CS-US random procedures. More lever CS-directed responding was observed when there was more drinking of the saccharin-ethanol US solution (Experiment 1); when the CS and US were paired, rather than random (Experiment 2); and with longer mean ITI durations (Experiment 2). This pattern of results is consistent with the hypothesis that lever CS-directed responding reflects performance of Pavlovian-autoshaping CRs.
Characterization and direct quantitation of sphingoid base-1-phosphates from lipid extracts: a shotgun lipidomics approach

Here, we have extended shotgun lipidomics for the characterization and quantitation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (DHS1P) in crude lipid extracts in the presence of ammonium hydroxide by using precursor ion scanning of m/z 79.0 (corresponding to [PO(3)](-)) in the negative-ion mode. It is demonstrated that a broad linear dynamic range for the quantitation of both S1P and DHS1P and a detection limit at low amol/mul concentration are achieved using this approach. The developed method for the quantitation of sphingoid base-1-phosphates is generally simpler and more efficient than other previously published methods. Multiple factors influencing the quantitation of sphingoid base-1-phosphates, including ion suppression, extraction efficiency, and potential overlapping with other molecular species, were examined extensively and/or are discussed. Mass levels of S1P and DHS1P in multiple biological samples, including human plasma, mouse plasma, and mouse brain tissues (e.g., cortex, cerebellum, spinal cord, and brain stem), were determined by the developed methodology. Accordingly, this technique, as a new addition to shotgun lipidomics technology, will be extremely useful for understanding the pathways of sphingolipid metabolism and for exploring the important roles of sphingoid base-1-phosphates in a wide range of physiological and pathological studies.
Gossip-based computation of aggregate information

Over the last decade, we have seen a revolution in connectivity between computers, and a resulting paradigm shift from centralized to highly distributed systems. With massive scale also comes massive instability, as node and link failures become the norm rather than the exception. For such highly volatile systems, decentralized gossip-based protocols are emerging as an approach to maintaining simplicity and scalability while achieving fault-tolerant information dissemination. In this paper, we study the problem of computing aggregates with gossip-style protocols. Our first contribution is an analysis of simple gossip-based protocols for the computation of sums, averages, random samples, quantiles, and other aggregate functions, and we show that our protocols converge exponentially fast to the true answer when using uniform gossip. Our second contribution is the definition of a precise notion of the speed with which a node's data diffuses through the network. We show that this diffusion speed is at the heart of the approximation guarantees for all of the above problems. We analyze the diffusion speed of uniform gossip in the presence of node and link failures, as well as for flooding-based mechanisms. The latter expose interesting connections to random walks on graphs.
Enhanced Radiation Sensitivity in HPV-Positive Head and Neck Cancer

Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV+)-associated head and neck cancer (HNC) show significantly improved survival outcome compared with those with HPV-negative (HPV-) tumors. Published data examining this difference offers conflicting results to date. We systematically investigated the radiation sensitivity of all available validated HPV+ HNC cell lines and a series of HPV- HNC cell lines using in vitro and in vivo techniques. HPV+ HNCs exhibited greater intrinsic radiation sensitivity (average SF2 HPV-: 0.59 vs. HPV+: 0.22; P < 0.0001), corresponding with a prolonged G2-M cell-cycle arrest and increased apoptosis following radiation exposure (percent change 0% vs. 85%; P = 0.002). A genome-wide microarray was used to compare gene expression 24 hours following radiation between HPV+ and HPV- cell lines. Multiple genes in TP53 pathway were upregulated in HPV+ cells (Z score 4.90), including a 4.6-fold increase in TP53 (P < 0.0001). Using immortalized human tonsillar epithelial (HTE) cells, increased radiation sensitivity was seen in cell expressing HPV-16 E6 despite the effect of E6 to degrade p53. This suggested that low levels of normally functioning p53 in HPV+ HNC cells could be activated by radiation, leading to cell death. Consistent with this, more complete knockdown of TP53 by siRNA resulted in radiation resistance. These results provide clear evidence, and a supporting mechanism, for increased radiation sensitivity in HPV+ HNC relative to HPV- HNC. This issue is under active investigation in a series of clinical trials attempting to de-escalate radiation (and chemotherapy) in selected patients with HPV+ HNC in light of their favorable overall survival outcome.
The MacCulloch Field, Block 15/24b, UK North Sea

Abstract The MacCulloch Field lies within Block 15/24b in the UK Central North Sea and is located on the northern flank of the Witch Ground Graben. It was discovered by Conoco well 15/24b-3 in 1990. MacCulloch Field is a four-way dip closure at Top Paleocene over a deeper Mesozoic structure. The reservoir consists of Upper Balmoral Sandstones containing 32-37° API oils derived from Kimmeridge Clay Formation shales and sealed by shales belonging to the Sele Formation. The field contains recoverable reserves of 60-90 MMBOE. Reservoir quality is generally very good, with an average porosity of 28% and core permeabilities (Kh) between 200 mD and 2D. AVO anomalies and a seismic flat spot are associated with oil filled reservoir and the oil-water contact in certain areas of the field.
What do we mean by Human-Centered Design of Life-Critical Systems?

Human-centered design is not a new approach to design. Aerospace is a good example of a life-critical systems do- main where participatory design was fully integrated, involving experimental test pilots and design engineers as well as many other actors of the aerospace engineering community. This paper provides six topics that are currently part of the requirements of the Ph.D. Program in Human-Centered Design of the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT.) This Human-Centered Design program offers principles, methods and tools that support human-centered sustainable products such as mission or process control environments, cockpits and hospital operating rooms. It supports education and training of design thinkers who are natural leaders, and understand complex relationships among technology, organizations and people. We all need to under- stand what we want to do with technology, how we should organize ourselves to a better life and finally find out whom we are and have become. Human-centered design is being developed for all these reasons and issues.
Uniformity in the clonal repertoire for the immune response to phosphorylcholine in mice

A comparison of the clonal nature of the immune response to phosphorylcholine (PC) was made in nine different inbred mouse strains. Quantitative idiotypic analysis showed that anti-PC antibodies from each strain were composed of antibodies bearing binding-site idiotypic determinants indistinguishable from two different BALB/c myeloma proteins, T15 and M511. Idiotypic determinants of two other PC-binding proteins, M167 and M603, were not detected. Isoelectric focusing of the light (L) chains verified the presence of antibodies similar to T15 and M511 in each strain and indicated the presence of two additional antibodies, one of which has an L chain which cofocuses with M603. Fractionation of anti-PC antibody with anti-idiotypic antibody showed that immunoglobulins bearing T15 and M511 idiotypic determinants are separate and contain L chains that are uniform and resemble those of T15 and M511, respectively. Thus, these mice which differ genetically at multiple loci including the heavy chain allotype complex locus each possess, at least in part, an equivalent set of clonotypes specific for PC. This indicates that the genes encoding these antibodies must be contained in the germ line.
Toxoplasmacidal effect of HL-60 cells differentiated by dimethylsulfoxide.

In vitro culture of Toxoplasma gondii in HL-60 cells and cell-mediates immunity against Toxoplasma in dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) -induced HL-60 cells, i.e., differentiation into granulocytes, were pursued. HL-60 calls were treated with various concentrations of DMSO, and 1.3%(v/v) for 3 day incubation was chosen as the optimal condition icy differentiation into granulocytes. The degree of differentiation was assayed in physiological and functional aspects in addition to morphological point. When treated with 1.3% DMSO for 3 days, HL-60 cells did not synthesiar DNA materials beyond background level, and showed active chemotactic response to chemotactic peptide, formal-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine(FMLP). Morphologically promyelocytes of high nuclearlcytoplasmic(NIC) ratio changed to granulocytes of relatively low WJC ratio. The relationships between HL-60 cells or DMSO-induced HL-60 cells and Toxoplasma were examined after stain with Giemsa and Buorescent dye (acridine orange). HL-60 cells did not show any sign of torso- plasmacidal activity but showed intracellular proliferation of Texoplasma to form rosette for 72 hr co-culture. In contrast, OMSO-induced HL-60 cells phagocytosed Toxoplasma within 1 hr, and performed a process of intracellular digestion of Toxoplasma thereafter. With the above results, it is suggested that phagosome-Iysosome fusion is one of the critical events for the parasitism by Toxoplasma or for susceptibility of host cells. The in vitro culture system of this study has offered a defined condition to study the protozoan parasite-host cell interactions. Key words: Toxeplasma gondii, HL-60 cells, toxoplasmacidal effect, dimethylsulfoxide, in vitro culture
Ontology-guided knowledge discovery in databases

We present work in progress on a new methodology for leveraging the semantic content of ontologies to guide knowledge discovery in databases. Our system scans new databases to obtain type and constraint information, which users verify. Our system then uses this information in the context of a shared ontology to intelligently guide the potentially combinatorial process of feature construction. Further, our system learns each time it is applied, easing the user's verification task on subsequent runs..
Movement, dive behavior, and survival of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) posttreatment for domoic acid toxicosis

Domoic acid (DA) is a neuroexcitatory toxin increasingly causing strandings and mortality of marine mammals. The hippocampus of mammalian brains, associated with learning, memory, and spatial navigation, is one of the predominant regions affected by DA exposure. California sea lions stranding from 2003 to 2006 as a result of DA toxicosis were classified as having acute (n = 12) or chronic neurologic (n = 22) clinical signs. Chronic neurologic cases were examined by magnetic resonance imaging to determine the extent of brain damage related to DA exposure. Brain damage included hippocampal and parahippocampal atrophy, temporal horn enlargement, and pathological T2 hyperintensity. Posttreatment, animals were fitted with satellite transmitters and their movement and dive behaviors compared with those of a control group. The only significant difference between acute and chronic animals was distance traveled per day. There were, however, significant differences between chronic neurologic cases and controls: chronic neurologic cases dove shallower for shorter durations, traveled further from shore, and spent less time hauled out and more time surface swimming than control animals. There was no relationship between severity of brain damage and behavioral patterns for chronic neurologic cases. Sea lions with chronic neurologic changes had a poor prognosis for survival following release.
Identification of C1 and C2 discontinuities for surface meshes in CAD

In computer-aided design and meshing, it is often important to identify the discontinuities (singularities) in coarse surface meshes. Due to the potential low resolution and noise, it is challenging to detect such features. We propose systematic characterizations of the edges, corners and curves at the singularities of a mesh and develop algorithms to identify these geometrical features. Our algorithms can detect C^1 discontinuities as well as typical C^2 discontinuities. We present the analysis of correctness of our method and demonstrate its effectiveness experimentally using stereolithographic (STL) meshes as well as coarse finite-element meshes of real-world objects.
The effects of substance P on the preconstricted pulmonary vasculature of the anesthetized dog.

~~ ~~ ~ Abstract. Substance P is a vasoactive peptide. Nerve fibers containing substance P are present in the media of pulmonary arteries but the physiologic function of substance P in the pulmonary vasculature is unknown. Several doses of substance P were infused intravenously in the anesthetized dog to ascertain its effects on the pulmonary vasculature, both during normoxia and following preconstriction with hypoxia (F,02 0.1) or prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a 5 pg/kg/min). Substance P resulted in systemic vasodilatation during nonnoxia but had minimal effect on the pulmonary vasculature. During hypoxia and PGF2a-induced pulmonary vasoconstriction, substance P sig- nificantly lowered pulmonary artery pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, mean aortic pressure, and total systemic resistance. It had no effect on cardiac output, wedge pressure, and arterial blood gases. To investigate possible mechanisms for substance P-induced vasodilatation, substance P was studied following pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (a radical scavenging agent), methylene blue (an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase), meclofenamate (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor), and atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist). None of these agents impaired substance P-induced vasodi- latation. Substance P given intravenously is a nonselective vasodilator in the dog but the mechanism of its action remains uncertain. o 1986 society for Experimental Biology and Medicine.
The Limits of Self-Reliance: Emerson, Slavery, and Abolition

In the 1841 essay “Self-Reliance” Ralph Waldo Emerson presupposed a democratic society of free and equal individuals – an idealized America with a veil drawn over racial slavery. As his own commitment to the antislavery cause deepened over time Emerson sought to reconcile his ideal of self-reliance with organized political action necessary to fight slavery. Recent scholarship has corrected the previously dominant image of Emerson as detached from politics and indifferent to abolitionism. But even as he participated in it, Emerson saw antislavery activism as a distraction from his own proper work of freeing “imprisoned spirits, imprisoned thoughts, far back in the brain of man.” Abolitionists, with their single-minded pursuit of a cause, seemed to Emerson to have only a “platform existence, and no personality.” Emerson’s philosophy of Self-Reliance privileged individual over collective action, and personal experience over concern for distant evils. Emerson was most successful in synthesizing self-reliance with abolitionism when he urged resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law: individuals who resisted the law displayed self-reliance of the kind Emerson celebrated. He also admired the self-reliance of individual fugitive slaves, despite his doubts about the capacities of the black race in general and his ranking Anglo-Saxons over other races and peoples. Beyond resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law, Emerson’s philosophy of Self-Reliance provided less clear guidance for fighting slavery, and Emerson himself vibrated among several contradictory strategies. His support for peaceful, compensated emancipation within an intact Union was irreconcilable with his support for the violent measures of John Brown, whom he celebrated as the model of American self-reliance. In the 1860 essay “Fate” Emerson reformulates the ideal of self-reliance in a way that reflects the escalating sectional crisis: only through cold-eyed recognition of necessity, he argues, can one preserve a measure of self-reliance in a world that frustrates our will. This reformulation of self-reliance is more suited to human beings living through an inescapable political crisis, and in that respect an advance over the 1841 version. But it depends for its success on clearer comprehension of political causality than Emerson ever achieved.
Recursive LMMSE-based Equalization in Wireless Mobile Coded OFDM

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system suffers extra performance degradation in fast fading channels due to intercarrier interference (ICI). Combining frequency domain equalization and bit-interleaved coded modulation (BICM), the iterative receiver is able to harvest both temporal and frequency diversity. Using the fact that ICI energy is clustered in adjacent subcarriers, frequency domain equalization is made localized. A computational efficient recursive q-tap SIC-LMMSE equalizer is derived. Comparing to conventional method which requires matrix inversion using O(32 ldr q2K2), where K is number of subcarriers, the proposed recursive equalizer only uses O(20 ldr qK2) but without sacrificing performance.
Tone production in whispered Mandarin

Acoustic analyses of normal voiced and whispered Mandarin Chinese reveal significant differences in duration and intensity among the four lexical tones, differences that are moreover similar across the two speech genres. In contrast to previous claims, however, these differences among the tones are found to shrink in whisper rather than being exaggerated to facilitate perception. Furthermore, individual variation exists in the production of whispered tones, which are found to shorten or lengthen with respect to normal voiced tones depending on the speaker.
Non-asymptotic effects in the approach to the far field sonic boom.

Es wird eine Entwicklung der Whitham-Theorie angegeben, welche kleine Abweichungen von der endgultigenN-Welle fur Korper mit stetiger oder diskontinuierlicher Tangente angibt. Einige einfache Formeln werden abgeleitet, die gute Verminderung der Stosstarke bei Annaherung zum Fernfeld ergeben. Die Theorie wird durch numerische Beispiele fur einfache theoretisch wichtige Korperformen erganzt.
Catecholamine Metabolism in Hypertensive Rats

The possible role of catecholamines in two forms of experimental hypertension in rats was investigated further. Inbred, spontaneously hypertensive (SH) Wistar rats had unchanged endogenous levels of norepinephrine (NE) in the three tissues studied, and a significantly (P<0.05) decreased rate of NE synthesis (14C-tyrosine technique) in heart and brainstem but not in gut, in comparison to normotensive Wistar rats. Also, the levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and major urinary catecholamine metabolites in plasma revealed no evidence of increased catecholamine turnover or release. Sprague-Dawley rats rendered hypertensive by treatment with desoxycorticosterone acetate and 1% salt had decreased cardiac NE concentration and increased cardiac NE turnover (3H-NE technique) and cardiomegaly, confirming the work of others. However, urinary normetanephrine and plasma FFA did not differ from those in normal rats. These and other results fail to support but do not completely exclude a primary role for catecholamines in ...
An efficient error-minimizing algorithm for variable-rate temporal video sampling

We provide a novel algorithm for selecting key frames from a video at all possible temporal sampling densities. We define a measure for video reconstruction error (VRE), and use VRE to evaluate the representational quality of the selected key frames. The algorithm uses a heap-based greedy algorithm to build a hierarchy of increasingly sparsely sampled temporal sequences, each consisting of key frames with minimal VRE. By exploiting the heap and a novel computation technique of "forward computing", the complete hierarchy is constructed in O(nlog(n)) time and O(n) space. The algorithm also ranks all frames according to their importance in recovering the original video, potentially useful for applications in temporally scalable video coding and video streaming. Experiments show that our algorithm outperforms other existing methods in VRE, as compared via peak signal-noise ratio, in computation time and in guaranteed convergence.
Circular loop antennas reactively loaded for a uniform traveling-wave current distribution

It is demonstrated that a uniform traveling-wave current distribution on a circular loop of one-wavelength circumference can be obtained by loading the loop with a lumped reactance at a position of 45/spl deg/ away from the feed point. To achieve a uniform traveling-wave current distribution, the loading reactance and the input impedances of the loaded and unloaded loop antennas need to satisfy certain relations from which the loading reactance can be predicted theoretically. It is shown that the circular loop antenna with uniform traveling-wave current distribution results in a lower profile, a more symmetrical circularly polarized radiation pattern, and a much better input impedance matching.
Coral bleaching and disease should not be underestimated as causes of Caribbean coral reef decline

In his recent paper ‘A clear human footprint in the coral reefs of the Caribbean’, [Mora (2008)][1] identifies the drivers of change in Caribbean coral reef communities based on the results of comprehensive analysis. Caution is warranted in accepting some of his major conclusions because, as he
Student Veterans and Community Colleges.

This chapter will identify ways in which community colleges are well positioned to support student veterans, discuss the need for heightened awareness concerning student veterans' experiences, and make recommendations to assist staff, faculty, and administrators to better serve student veterans at their institutions.
Commitment Without Marriage Union Formation Among Long-Term Same-Sex Couples

The majority of Americans will marry in their lifetimes, and for many, marriage symbolizes the transition into long-term commitment. However, many Americans cannot legally marry. This article analyzes in-depth interviews with gays and lesbians in long-term partnerships to examine union formation and commitment-making histories. Using a life course perspective that emphasizes historical and biographical contexts, the authors examine how couples conceptualize and form committed relationships despite being denied the right to marry. Although previous studies suggest that commitment ceremonies are a way to form same-sex unions, this study finds that because of their unique social, historical, and biographical relationship to marriage and ceremonies, long-term same-sex couples do not follow normative commitment-making trajectories. Instead, relationships can transition more ambiguously to committed formations without marriage, public ceremony, clear-cut act, or decision. Such an understanding of commitment making outside of marriage has implications for theorizing alternative forms of union making.
The search for the Manila Galleon log books

Spanish merchant ships, called Manila Galleons, made the roundtrip between the Philippine Islands and the ports on the west coast of what is now Mexico, almost every year for the 250-yr period between 1565 and 1815. The log books of these galleons contained weather information which was thought to be of value in the study of the historical climatology of the tropical and midlatitude areas of the Pacific Ocean. A search was made for the log books of the Manila Galleons to determine how many are still extant and the nature of the weather data that they contained. The search was made with the assistance of expert historians and paleographers who were experienced in searching archives where the log books were thought to be on file. The following archives were searched: the Museo Naval in Madrid, Spain; the Archivo General de Simancas in Simancas, Spain; Archivo De Indias in Seville, Spain; Archivo General de la Nacion in Mexico City, Mexico; and the National Archives in Manila, The Philippine Islands. Only si...
Unifying minor sciences and minor literatures: Reproduction and revolution in quantum consciousness as a model for the anthropology of science

In this paper, we explore the possibility of using Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s theories of minor science and literature to examine the role of marginalized sciences, particularly in the Uni...
Impact of Ground via Placement in Grounded Coplanar Waveguide Interconnects

Methods for higher order parallel plate mode suppression in grounded coplanar waveguides (GCPW) using unique ground via structures are presented in this paper. Suppression of these higher order modes can increase GCPW bandwidth. The ground via fence parameters that affect the bandwidth of the GCPWs are also discussed. Two new structures using staggered ground via fences and with defected side ground planes, for improving GCPW performances while meeting fabrication and routing requirements, are discussed. These two methods improve the interconnect bandwidth by 62.2% and 27.8%, respectively. The measured and simulated results of a test GCPW structure are in close agreement.
Urea and methylamines have similar effects on aldose reductase activity

The concentration of urea in renal medullary cells is sufficiently high to inhibit activity of many enzymes, yet the cells survive and function. The generally accepted explanation is the counteract...
Arrow-arrow correlations for the six-vertex model.

The six-vertex model on a square lattice is ``exactly solvable'' because an exact formula for the free energy can be obtained by the Bethe ansatz. However, exact formulas for the correlations of local bulk observables, such as the orientation of the arrow at a given edge, are, in general, not available. In this Rapid Communication, we consider the isotropic ``zero-field'' six-vertex model at small $\ensuremath{\Delta}$. We derive the long-distance asymptotic formula of arrow-arrow correlations, which display power law decays with one anomalous exponent. Our method is based on an interacting fermion representation of the six-vertex model and does not use any information obtained from the exact solution.
Ebola in a Stew of Fear

Like the Ebola virus itself, the fear surrounding it has an ecology that must be understood if the current epidemic is to be brought under control. The local population's fears reflect, in part, the scars and painful memories of past medical encounters in West Africa.