cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Age-related changes in body composition are associated with hepatic insulin resistance in conscious rats

Age-dependent changes in body composition and hepatic ([3H]glucose) glucose metabolism were examined in 2-, 4-, and 14-mo-old (n = 26) conscious Sprague-Dawley rats. Hepatic glucose production (HGP) and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase maximum velocity were decreased 18 and 30%, respectively, between 2 and 4 mo but were unchanged with further aging. However, between 4 and 14 mo, twofold higher plasma insulin levels were required to maintain similar HGP, suggesting that hepatic insulin resistance develops with age. Utilizing hepatic-pancreatic clamp technique, we showed that a much higher rate of insulin infusion (1.6 +/- 0.1 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1 mU.kg-1.min-1) was needed to achieve similar plasma glucose levels and HGP. Furthermore, when 4-mo-old rats were infused with insulin at similar rates as the 14-mo-old rats, HGP was decreased by approximately 30%. Because hepatic insulin sensitivity was inversely related to the increase in body weight (r2 = 0.876) and free fatty acid levels (r2 = 0.843), we suggest that age-related changes in body composition may lead to the impairment of hepatic glucose metabolism.
Mechanisms of Induced Resistance Against B. cinerea

Botrytis cinerea is a widespread pre-and postharvest pathogen of diverse crops. Current crop protection methods rely on fungicide application and on horticultural practices. Variation for genetic resistance is documented in many crop plant species but has not been utilized. Studies in model and crop plant species are revealing the biological processes that underlie plant responses to infection to B. cinerea. The genetic control of pathogen recognition and activation of defense to restrict pathogen ingress and colonization is likely to emerge from such studies. Deeper understanding of resistance mechanisms and their genetic control will aid produce cultivars with genetic resistance to B. cinerea. The genetic components of induced resistance in different plant species and future implications are discussed.
Electroweak Processes Observed in Neutrino Scattering by the CCFR Collaboration

The wide-band, high energy neutrino beam at the Fermilab Tevatron has made possible the observation of several electroweak processes with relatively high statistics. We present here measurements of v µ e- → µ- v e (inverse muon decay, IMD), v µ N → µ-Nµ+vµ (coherent trilepton production, CTP), and also a search for vµN → X N µ → X µ+µ-vµ (a particular case of neutral heavy lepton, NHL). These data are from a preliminary analysis of 670,000 neutrino- and 124,000 antineutrino scattering events, with visible energy in the range 30 – 600 GeV, observed by experiment FNAL E744, the CCFR Collaboration.
Multiparticle semiclassical process in Φ4 theory

Abstract We show an example of a semiclassical transition in φ4 theory with positive coupling constant. This process describes a semiclassical transition between two coherent states with much smaller average number of particles in the initial state than in the final state. This transition is technically analogous to the one-instanton transition in the electroweak model. It is suppressed by the factor exp(−2S0), where S0 is the Lipatov instanton action. It could be important for the problem of the calculation of amplitudes for multiparticle production in φ4-type models.
Introduction Models of Timing-with-a-Timer

Ironically, for many of the authors in this volume, the study of time is secondary to the focus of their research-- the importance of temporal issues only becoming apparent given the failure of static approaches (e.g., Freyd, 1987). Their papers show how the representation of time has become interwoven with the study of attention, memory, and language.
Diagnostics for global health: Hand-spun centrifuge

A 20 cent centrifuge made of paper and string and operated by hand can separate plasma from blood in about 90 seconds.
Survival Benefit with Decitabine Compared to Historical Experience with Intensive Chemotherapy in Patients with Higher Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS).

Background Decitabine is a hypomethylating agent, approved by the FDA for treating MDS. Intensive chemotherapy is one treatment option in higher risk MDS. The comparative efficacy of these two strategies, decitabine vs. intensive chemotherapy, has not been evaluated. Study Aims Compare the results of decitabine in MDS with contemporary historical experience with intensive chemotherapy (as used in AML) in patients with higher risk MDS. Study Group and Treatment The study group treated with decitabine included 115 patients with higher risk MDS treated on our decitabine frontline study. (Kantarjian, Blood 2006; First Edition Online). The contemporary historical experience included two cohorts: Group A: 115 patients receiving intensive chemotherapy from 1995–2005 and matched for age, IPSS and cytogenetics; and Group B: All 376 patients treated with intensive chemotherapy from 1995–2005 with similar entry criteria as the decitabine study. Patients received decitabine 20 mg/m 2 IV/D x 5 every four weeks. Response was evaluated by the modified IWG criteria (Cheson, Blood 108:419, 2006) In comparing decitabine to Group B, a multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the independent effect of decitabine vs. intensive chemotherapy. Results 115 patients were treated with decitabine; median age 64 years (range 37–89 years). IPSS risk groups: intermediate-1 17%, intermediate-2 30%, high 15%, not assessable 39%. Decitabine was given for a median of 7 courses (range 1 to 23); number of decitabine courses 3 or more in 81/89 patients (91%) followed on study for at least 6 months. Hemoglobin 9 /L in 72%; ANC 9 /L in 47%; chromosomal abnormalities in 63%; prior therapy for MDS in 54%; marrow blast 5% or more in 79%. Overall, 80 patients (70%) achieved IWG response: CR 40 (35%), PR 2 (2%), marrow CR +/− other hematologic improvements (HI) 26 (23%), other HI 12 (10%). Median remission duration was 20 months; median survival was 21 months. The CR rates by AML criteria (Cheson JCO21:4642, 2003) were 43% with decitabine and 46% with intensive chemotherapy in Group A, and 52% with intensive chemotherapy in Group B. Mortality at 6 weeks was 3% with decitabine vs. 12% with intensive chemotherapy (p=0.002); the 3-month mortality was 7% with decitabine vs. 22% with intensive chemotherapy. The survival was better with decitabine versus intensive chemotherapy in Group A (median 22 month vs. 11 month; estimated 2-year survival rate 47% vs. 25%, p Conclusions Compared with intensive chemotherapy decitabine is associated with a survival benefit in higher risk MDS.
E-Governance and Decentralisation-Study of an Indian District

The current era is witnessing the emergence of a new governance paradigm at the global, national and local levels. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are fundamental to these systems of governance. Decentralised governance is a need in all countries. The same set of policy imperatives are behind the drive for decentralised governance as well as the drive for e-governance. So, there is a need for understanding of how e-governance can contribute to decentralisation of power. In this paper, a framework of e-governance for facilitating decentralisation has been evolved and tested in a district of Gujarat. Here, decentralisation is understood as a combination of its different kinds, viz., deconcentration, delegation, devolution and agencification. This is an empirical study done within the local self-governance units of a district in a rural context in India. This paper tries to measure the decentralisation of power within the governance machinery which can be facilitated by e-governance information systems. The relative empowerment of different branches of administration has been culled out. It was found that the empowerment of bureaucracy is the highest, followed by the empowerment of extra State actors. The elected representatives of the local self-governance machinery are not getting really empowered due to the e-governance process. This is a fundamental flaw in the design of these e-governance systems.
Ka-band deployable mesh reflector antenna compatible with the deep space network

This paper presents a novel deployable Ka-band antenna folding in a 1.5U (10×10×15cm3) stowage volume suitable for 6U (10×20×30cm3) class CubeSats. This antenna is designed for telecommunication and is compatible with the NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN) at Ka-band frequencies (uplink: 34.2–34.7 GHz and downlink: 31.8–32.3 GHz). Detailed simulations, considering all aspects of the circularly-polarized mesh deployable reflector antenna including the feed, show that 42.0-dBi gain and 57% aperture efficiency is achievable at 32GHz. The mechanical deployment mechanism is thoroughly described as it is a critical component of the deployable CubeSat antenna.
Mori's Program for with Symmetric Divisors

We complete Mori's program with symmetric divisors for the moduli space of stable seven-pointed rational curves. We describe all birational models in terms of explicit blow-ups and blow-downs. We also give a moduli theoretic description of the first flip, which has not appeared in the literature.
LIFE HISTORY OF THE WOOLLY PINE SCALE PSEUDOPHILIPPIA QUAINTANCII COCKERELL (HOMOPTERA: COCCIDAE) IN LOBLOLLY PINE SEED ORCHARDS

The woolly pine scale, Pseudophilippia quaintancii Cockerell, had 2 generations per year in the Georgia coastal plain. Crawler activity peaked in late March-early April and late May to mid-June. First-generation males were wingless and emergence began in late April. Second-generation males were alate and their emergence peaked in early July. Populations of P. quaintancii increased during the first generation and dispersal occurred during the second. Fecundity averaged about 500 offspring per female. Populations were significantly affected by tree clone and crown level, with higher average survival in the upper crown. Parasitism of the woolly pine scale was low.
Racial politics, Latin@ youth, and teacher education

ABSTRACTTeacher educators concerned with creating equitable classrooms for Latin@ youth should attend to how racial and national politics affect this group of students. Latin@ youth face particular...
Issues Related to Laboratory Screening for Children and Adolescents Entering Foster Care

* Abbreviation: AAP — : American Academy of Pediatrics The article by Greiner et al1 entitled “Laboratory Screening for Children Entering Foster Care” in the current issue is the first study in which researchers explore the application of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommended laboratory screening guidelines for children entering foster care. Those guidelines, “Fostering Health: Health Care for Children and Adolescents in Foster Care,”2 were first developed in the state of New York by a 20-person expert panel and were later endorsed by the AAP’s Task Force on Foster Care in 20053 and reiterated in the latest AAP Policy Statement.4 Expert consensus was the only approach available in the absence of evidence about what constitutes quality health care for this population of underserved children with special health care needs. Given the absence of evidence to the contrary, the guidelines remain the standard today. The “Fostering Health” guidelines were developed on the heels of the crack cocaine epidemic for those at high risk for vertically and horizontally transmitted infections but who mostly lack health records.2 Children of all ages were considered to be at risk given the rates of disclosed and/or suspected sexual abuse, the high prevalence of … Address correspondence to Moira Szilagyi, MD, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095. E-mail: mszilagyi{at}mednet.ucla.edu
A Therapeutic Link between Astrogliosis and Remyelination in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Injuries to the mammalian CNS often provoke astrogliosis, a process in which reactive astrocytes surround the site of injury to restrict tissue damage ([Voskuhl et al., 2009][1]; [Hamby and Sofroniew, 2010][2]). Formation of the glial scar has historically been viewed as a short-term solution that
In vivo thermodynamic analysis of repression with and without looping in lac constructs. Estimates of free and local lac repressor concentrations and of physical properties of a region of supercoiled plasmid DNA in vivo.

A strong-binding primary (O1) lac operator located 100 to 200 base-pairs (bp) upstream from a lac promoter control region reduces expression from a lac promoter controlled by a weaker-binding (Oc) lac operator between 3 and 20-fold on a multicopy plasmid in E. coli. We attribute this effect to loop formation in which a thermodynamically stable complex is formed between bidentate lac repressor tetramers and the O1 and Oc operators. A thermodynamic model for repression is developed to interpret these data in terms of the composite effects of free lac repressor concentration and of local repressor concentration (from looping) at the Oc site. The local repressor concentration is found to vary periodically with the distance in base-pairs between the O1 and the Oc operators, ranging from 2 to 20-fold larger than the free concentration (i.e. the bulk thermodynamic activity) of repressor in this F′Iq overproducing strain (estimated to be ≲0·5 μM). The amplitude of the periodic variation in expression and in local concentration appears to decrease with increasing interoperator distance in the range examined. Quantitative analysis of the looping data provides estimates of the physical properties of the intervening DNA region in vivo. For distances in the range 127 to 197 bp, the periodicity of modulation is uniformly 11·28(±0·04) bp, which we interpret as the helical repeat of this region of supercoiled plasmid DNA in vivo. Possible origins of this altered helical repeat include the global linking deficit of the supercoiled DNA and any local linking deficit induced by divergent transcription from promoters bracketing the interoperator region. DNA cyclization analysis yields an apparent in vivo persistence length of this interoperator region of 64(±26) A (which is ∼15% of the in vivo result) and an in vivo torsional rigidity constant of 1·1(±0·1) × 10-19 erg cm, which is at the lower end of the range of values found in vitro.
PittGrub: A Frustration-Free System to Reduce Food Waste by Notifying Hungry College Students

The amount of food waste generated by the U.S. is staggering, both expensive in economic cost and environmental side effects. Surplus food, which could be used to feed people facing food insecurity, is instead discarded and placed in landfills. Institutions, universities, and non-profits have noticed this issue and are beginning to take action to reduce surplus food waste, typically by redirecting it to food banks and other organizations or having students transport or eat the food. These approaches present challenges such as transportation, volunteer availability, and lack of prioritization of those in need. In this paper, we introduce PittGrub, a notification system to intelligently select users to invite to events that have leftover food. PittGrub was invented to help reduce food waste at the University of Pittsburgh. We use reinforcement learning to determine how many notifications to send out and a valuation model to determine whom to prioritize in the notifications. Our goal is to produce a system that prioritizes feeding students in need while simultaneously eliminating food waste and maintaining a fair distribution of notifications. As far as we are aware, PittGrub is unique in its approach to eliminating surplus food waste while striving for social good. We compare our proposed techniques to multiple baselines on simulated datasets to demonstrate effectiveness. Experimental results among various algorithms show promise in eliminating food waste while helping those facing food insecurity and treating users fairly. Our prototype is currently in beta and coming soon to the Apple App Store.
What Can Landscape Ecology Contribute to Forest Landscape Restoration

The art and science of restoration is now commonly viewed as integral to managing natural resources (e.g., Hobbs and Harris 2001; Stanturf and Madsen 2004; Falk et al. 2006; Bosworth and Brown 2007). This view is due in large part to an increased awareness that the cumulative impacts of human activities are profoundly affecting the biosphere – the ultimate ecosystem on which we all depend for our life sustaining goods and services. Effective restoration, however, requires confronting some rather perplexing questions. What is to be restored and to what end? How much restoration will be required in order to obtain the desired outcomes? Where and when on the landscape should restoration occur in order to maximize the benefits? And what defines success? These questions require considering subjects ranging from environmental ethics to cultural values in addition to the technical knowledge and professional judgment that tend to dominate the practice of restoration (Light and Higgs 1996; Light 2000; Vining et al. 2000; Davis and Slobodkin 2004).
Food and Feeding of Larval Redfish in the Gulf of Maine

The availability of suitable food is one of the important factors influencing the survival of larval fish. Knowledge of their food habits is important if we are to understand their role in the economy of the sea. Recent work by Einarsson (1960) and Bainbridge (1964) on the food of larval redfish (Sebastes marinus), Kelly and Barker (1961) on the vertical distribution of redfish larvae (S. marinus) and Bainbridge and Cooper (1971) on Sebastes populations, has contributed considerably to our knowledge of the early life history of this species. Magnusson et al. (1965), working in the Irminger Sea, found a good correlation between the standing stock of Zooplankton and the number of redfish larvae. Little, however, is known of the feeding niche occupied by larval redfish in the plankton community in the Gulf of Maine.
Guidance and Control of Formation Flying Spacecraft

A key element of NASA’s future space exploration is high precision formation flying (FF) for space interferometry. Precision FF has never been attempted before and poses new and significant challenges to the underlying control system. While the guidance and control (G&C) methodologies of single spacecraft for traditional planetary flyby and orbiter missions are well-understood, the G&C of FF missions is fundamentally different. The FF systems require new control systems, architectures, and greater levels of autonomy to meet expected precision performance in the presence of environmental disturbances, plant uncertainties and more complex system interactions. This chapter will trace the motivation for these changes and will layout approaches taken to meet the new challenges. Fred Y. Hadaegh Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, e-mail: Fred.Y.Hadaegh@jpl.nasa.gov Gurkirpal Singh Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, e-mail: Gurkipal.Singh@jpl.nasa.gov Behcet Acikmese Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, e-mail: Behcet.Acikmese@jpl.nasa.gov Daniel P. Scharf Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, e-mail: Daniel.P.Scharf@jpl.nasa.gov Milan Mandic Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, e-mail: Milan.Mandic@jpl.nasa.gov
Perturbing cyclic predator-prey systems: How a six-species coarsening system with nontrivial in-domain dynamics responds to sudden changes

Cyclic predator-prey systems have been shown to give rise to rich, and novel, space-time patterns, as, for example, coarsening domains with nontrivial in-domain dynamics. In this work, we study numerically the responses of a cyclic six-species model, characterized by the formation of spirals inside coarsening domains, to two different types of perturbations: changing the values of the predation and reproduction rates as well as changing the interaction scheme. For both protocols, we monitor the time evolution of the system after the onset of the perturbation through the measurement of dynamical correlation functions and time-dependent densities of empty sites. In this way, we gain insights into the complex responses to different perturbations in a system in which spirals, which are due to the formation of cyclic alliances, dominate the dynamics inside the coarsening domains.
P-026 Central retinal artery occlusion: a retrospective review of patients treated with IA TPA with and without anterior chamber paracentesis

Purpose Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is an ophthalmic emergency that can result in profound monocular visual loss, but there is currently no treatment guideline. Two randomized controlled trials have looked at the use of tPA for treatment of CRAO (one intra-arterial, another intravenous approach), but their results were not promising, especially when the treatment was given after 12 hours from symptom onset. Anterior chamber (AC) paracentesis is a method to lower intraocular pressure to increase optic nerve head perfusion gradient, but its effectiveness in CRAO is also not proven in literature. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively investigate the efficacy of early (defined as treated within Methods 72 consecutive patients who presented to the Mount Sinai Hospital and was diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion between January 2015 – December 2017 were included in this retrospective review. For each patient, the treatment choice (intravascular fibrinolysis, intravascular fibrinolysis with anterior chamber paracentesis, or conservative non-thrombolytic treatment) and post-treatment visual acuity was recorded. Visual acuity 3 weeks and 6 weeks after treatment of CRAO were reviewed. Results Out of 72 patients, only 6 received vascular intervention of interest. All 6 patients (5 female, 1 male, mean age 59, 3 OS, 3 OD) received intra-arterial (IA) tPA treatment. 3 patients underwent AC paracentesis prior to IA tPA treatment, and visual acuity improvement was observed in 2 out of these 3 cases. The other 3 patients had IA tPA treatment without AC paracentesis, and visual acuity improvement was observed in 2 out of these 3 cases. In total, visual acuity improved in 4 out of 6 patients who received IA tPA. In the 2 cases without visual acuity improvement, the visual acuity level remained same as pre-intervention. Notably, for one patient who presented with a right CRAO and a left CRAO 2 weeks later, treatment of left CRAO with AC paracentesis and IA tPA resulted in improved visual acuity in both eyes. Conclusion Currently, only a small proportion of patients diagnosed with central retinal artery occlusion undergo vascular intervention, but IA tPA treatment may improve visual acuity. AC paracentesis prior to IA tPA did not appear to affect visual acuity outcome compared to treatment with only IA tPA. Disclosures Y. Sakai: None. J. Chelnis: None. R. De Leacy: None.
Ex Situ Analysis of Multijunction Solar Cells Based on Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon

Multiple angle of incidence spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) has been applied ex situ to support a roll-to-roll photovoltaics (PV) technology applying multijunction thin film hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) based device structures deposited on flexible steel foil. This application demonstrates how PV specialists can adopt currently-available SE methodologies to assist in PV production line development, operation, and troubleshooting. Because this thin film production line employs optically opaque steel foil exclusively as the substrate, a reflection optical experiment based on SE is the natural approach for characterization of the output of the line in terms of layer thicknesses and optical properties. Such information is of direct interest in PV as it enables prediction of the photocurrent generated by solar cells and modules. In this chapter, SE approaches are described for extracting the optical properties of a steel foil substrate and the component films deposited on this substrate that comprise hydrogenated amorphous silicon-germanium alloy (a-Si1−xGex:H) tandem PV in the n-i-p device configuration. These approaches apply analytical models for the complex dielectric functions that describe the doped and intrinsic amorphous semiconductors and transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layers. Application of these models in analyses of measurements performed on complete tandem device structures enables characterization of the thicknesses of the top TCO, which also serves as an anti-reflection coating, and the top p-type window layer, which controls the external quantum efficiency of the device in the blue, as well as the bandgaps of the top cell p-layer and i-layer, and in some cases the bottom cell i-layer. Limitations occur in such analyses when absorption by overlying layers reduces the spectral range of light that reflects from underlying layers, coupled with the similarity in the complex dielectric functions of adjoining underlying layers over the reduced spectral range. For example, it is difficult to separate the i-layer and underlying n-layer thicknesses for this reason. It is also difficult to characterize the bottom cell i-layer when its bandgap is close to that of the overlying top cell i-layer, e.g. in a same-bandgap tandem. In spite of these limitations, analysis of multiple angle SE data establishes critical information on structure and properties that provides guidance to thin film PV specialists on the operation of PV manufacturing equipment and on the expected performance of the manufactured product.
A Data-Driven Koopman Model Predictive Control Framework for Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations

The Koopman operator theory is an increasingly popular formalism of dynamical systems theory which enables analysis and prediction of the state space dynamics from measurement data. Building on the recent development of the Koopman model predictive control framework [14], we propose a methodology for closed-loop feedback control of nonlinear partial differential equations in a fully data-driven and model-free manner. In the first step, we compute a Koopman-linear representation of the system using a variation of the extended dynamic mode decomposition algorithm and then we apply the model predictive control to the constructed linear model. Our methodology is also capable of utilizing sparse measurements by incorporating delay-embedding of the available data into the identification and control processes. We illustrate the application of this methodology for the periodic Burgers' equation and the boundary control of fluid flow governed by the Navier-Stokes equations in a two-dimensional cavity.
Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis: Biological Interposition

Many patients facing surgery for shoulder osteoarthritis are non-ideal candidates for endoprosthetic arthroplasty procedures such as hemiarthroplasty and total shoulder arthroplasty because of young age or the desire to return to high-level activities. Joint-preserving surgical options, particularly those performed arthroscopically, are increasingly available to these patients. Arthroscopic glenoid resurfacing (AGR), now performed as a biologic interposition arthroplasty using acellular dermal allograft, reliably improves pain and function for those patients with severe clinical or radiographic disease. In this chapter, a detailed surgical technique for AGR is presented.
Longitudinally Extensive Transverse Myelitis Associated With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Background: Lupus myelitis is a rare but disastrous complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The transverse myelitis (TM) may involve three or more contiguous spinal cord segments and as such is designated longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM). The neurological presentation may vary based on the location of the pathology and may consist of a combination of sensory and motor deficits. TM could be the presenting feature of SLE or present after 10 years of disease, while SLE was considered to be in remission. Case presentation: 26-year-old Black man with history of biopsy proven-lupus nephritis that had progressed to ESRD, presented with sudden onset quadriplegia that resolved upon arrival to the hospital. On exam, the temperature was 101.8°F and the neurological exam was consistent with residual weakness on the left sided-upper and lower extremities. Leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia, along with low complements were noted. Brain MRI was normal however, the spine MRI was suspicious for an epidural process (C2-T4) and intravenous antibiotics were commenced. After five days, neurological improvement was nil and new spine MRI revealed spinal cord edema secondary to myelitis at several spinal cord levels (C2-T4). Laboratory data was consistent with a SLE flare complicated with longitudinal extensive transverse myelitis. Pulse steroids and plasma exchange were initiated. Two weeks after admission, MRI demonstrated resolution of the epidural spinal lesion and marked improvement in spinal cord edema. Conclusion: TM can be the presenting feature of SLE or appear later on during the course of their disease. LETM is the most frequently type of TM found among SLE patients. Given the grave nature of the disease, it is of paramount importance that clinical features of TM be promptly recognized among SLE patients, to prevent catastrophic or even life-threatening outcomes.
Computational pipeline for estimation of small-molecule T1 relaxation times

Molecular imaging of biologic molecules and cellular processes is increasingly accessible through hyperpolarization of chemically-equivalent stable isotopes, most commonly 13C. However, many molecules are poor candidates for imaging due to their biophysical properties, particularly short spin-lattice relaxation times (T1). The inability to consistently predict the T1 from molecular structure, lack of experimental data for many biologically-relevant molecules and the high cost of developing probes can limit the development of hyperpolarized probes. We describe an in silico pipeline for modeling the estimated T1 of molecules of interest in order to address this deficiency. Applying a hybrid approach that incorporates molecular dynamics as well as quantum mechanics, this pipeline estimated T1 values that closely matched empirically determined values providing proof-of-principle that this approach may be used to facilitate MR probe development.
Introduction to Telehealth for Clinical Psychologists: a Novel Course Designed to Improve General Knowledge and Hands-on Expertise with Technology-Based Modalities

Telehealth, or the integration of technology with healthcare services, has been identified as a rapidly developing field with implications for both clinical psychologists and patients. While some on-site trainings, as well as post-doctoral continuing education and professional certificate programs exist, research has identified the importance of formalized technology-focused training throughout one’s graduate school career. Unfortunately, minimal formalized coursework has been recognized for clinical psychology doctoral programs. To remedy this gap, the Introduction to Telehealth for Clinical Psychologists course was designed to enhance general evidence-informed knowledge and provide hands-on experiences with various applicable modalities. The development, instructional techniques, and pilot evaluation of a doctoral-level clinical psychology-focused course are detailed. Pre- to post-class evaluations suggested increases in student self-reported telehealth-related knowledge, as well as high satisfaction. The pilot course may serve as a template for future telehealth courses.
Accelerated orthodontic tooth movement: Recommendations for clinical practice

Abstract The goal of this paper is to assess the current scientific literature on accelerated tooth movement in orthodontics and present an evidence-based guide for clinical practice. The most popular procedures currently used for accelerating tooth movement are reviewed and an evaluation of the treatment outcome is presented. The potential risks and benefits of these procedures are discussed. This information will allow clinicians to choose among protocols that are available based on individual patient needs. Clinicians will be able to better tailor treatment goals and outcomes and optimize patient care in the clinical setting.
"Together We Can Return to Balance"-Eastern Woodlands Native Perspectives and Type 2 Diabetes: A Qualitative Study

PurposeTo explore the perspectives of Eastern Woodlands Native people with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the context of health beliefs, T2DM disease self-management, and family and community connection...
Extracting Resilience Statistics from Utility Data in Distribution Grids

It is useful to quantify electrical distribution system resilience based on historical performance. This paper systematically extracts resilience curves from historical utility outage data, extracts resilience metrics such as duration, average recovery rates, and maximum number of simultaneously outaged components, and examines the statistics of these resilience metrics for small, medium, and large events. The resilience metrics and their typical variabilities are expected to be helpful in predicting and bounding the likely outcomes of future resilience events. For example, we can calculate the restoration time that will be achieved with 95% confidence.
Retinopathy of Prematurity and Mother’s Own Milk

Purpose Mothers’ own milk (MOM) feedings reduce the risk of multiple potentially preventable morbidities of prematurity in very low birthweight (VLBW: 1500 g birthweight) infants, including necrotizing enterocolitis, late onset sepsis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia and neurodevelopmental problems. Although bioactive components in MOM suggest a favorable impact on retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), this relationship remains undetermined. There is a lack of consensus in the literature regarding the protective effect associated with MOM. Objective This study compared dose of MOM received by VLBW infants who did and did not require treatment …
Making the Case for Equity Pedagogy

This colloquy, by graduate-student-led collective Project Spectrum, attempts to map out existing discussions around inclusion and equity in music academia, with a specific focus on identifying and analyzing the structures in academia that work against minoritized and historically excluded scholars. Margaret Thomas takes us into the undergraduate music theory classroom, addressing one of the entry points into the music academia pipeline. Thomas proposes two educational theories to make our classrooms more inclusive: universal design for learning (UDL) and equity pedagogy. More importantly, she calls for music pedagogues to be proactive and to address the structural inequities that shape a student’s engagement in and out of the classroom.
Outcomes of 100 Patients More Than 4 Years After POEM for Achalasia.

OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the long-term follow-up data from our institution's POEM experience. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is a well-established endoscopic therapy for achalasia with excellent short-term efficacy, but long-term outcomes data are limited. METHODS Patients older than 4 years removed from POEM for treatment of achalasia were studied. Clinical success was defined as an Eckardt Symptom (ES) score ≤3 and freedom from reintervention for achalasia. Patients underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), high-resolution manometry, impedance planimetry, and timed barium esophagram (TBE) preoperatively and at least 4 years postoperatively. Objective gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) was defined LA Grade B or worse esophagitis on EGD. RESULTS One hundred and nineteen consecutive patients were included. Five patients died or had catastrophic events unrelated to achalasia or POEM. One hundred of the remaining patients (88%, 100/114) had long-term data available. Clinical follow-up for all patients was greater than 4 years postoperatively and the mean was 55 months. Mean current ES was significantly improved from preop (n = 100, 1 ± 1 vs 7 ± 2, P 3 and 4 patients required procedural reintervention on the lower esophageal sphincter. Reinterventions were successful in 75% of patients (3/4), with current ES ≤3. The rate of objective GERD was 33% (15/45). Esophageal physiology was improved with a decrease in median integrated relaxation pressure (11 ± 4 vs 33 ± 15 mm Hg, P < 0.001), a decrease in median TBE column height (3 ± 3 vs 13 ± 8 cm, P < 0.001), and an increase in median distensibility index (5.1 ± 2 vs 1.1 ± 1 mm2/mm Hg, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS POEM provides durable symptom relief and improvement in physiologic esophagogastric junction relaxation parameters over 4.5 years postoperatively. Reinterventions are rare and effective.
Auditor Inquiry: The Influence of Client Message Framing on Auditors’ Judgment

Audit inquiry is the most predominate procedure used by financial statement auditors to gather audit evidence. Inquiry, relative to other audit procedures, is subject to manipulation from client personnel in that an explanation can be framed either positively or negatively. We utilize psychology theory on attribute framing and belief-adjustment to examine the influence of message framing by the client during audit inquiry on auditor judgment. In an experiment, we manipulate the valence of the message frame at the beginning (positive or negative) and ending (positive or negative) of a simulated audit inquiry, while holding the message content constant. We find that elements of both theories impact auditors’ inquiry judgments and decisions. Supportive of attribute theory, we find auditors are subject to a confirmation bias when judging reasonableness and persuasiveness of the client’s explanation. Alternatively, we find auditors are subject to a recency bias when judging the likelihood of material misstatement in the account, which affects their evidence gathering choices and is supportive of belief adjustment. Overall, auditors did not incorporate all framing equally.
Order effects in bilingual recognition memory partially confirm predictions of the frequency-lag hypothesis.

The present study examined task order, language, and frequency effects on list memory to investigate how bilingualism affects recognition memory. In Experiment 1, 64 bilinguals completed a recognit...
Long-Term Trends in Ultra-Processed Food Consumption by Cardiometabolic Disease Status in the Framingham Offspring Study

Objectives Ultra-processed foods currently provide the majority of calories in the U.S. and are closely linked with cardiometabolic diseases. Yet, little is known regarding consumption trends among individuals with and without cardiometabolic diseases. The current analyses examined longitudinal trends in diet processing level from 1991–2008 within the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort by disease status.
Evaluating crop-soil-water dynamics in waterlogged areas using a coupled groundwater-agronomic model

Abstract Waterlogging on croplands has been a known problem for a long time, leading to adverse social, physical, economic and environmental issues. To better solve the problem, the complicated plant-soil-water dynamics system needs to be better understood. The challenge is to simulate the interactions between the components in the systems. There are models that simulate plant-soil-water system but either run the processes independently leading to inaccuracy or has high invasiveness of using integrated models. This paper presents a tightly coupled model, DayCent-MODFLOW, that links a 3D ground-water flow (MODFLOW) model and a 1D agroecosystem model (DayCent). DayCent is responsible for plant-soil-water dynamic in the root zone, whereas MODFLOW simulates head and groundwater flow in the saturated zone of the aquifer. DayCent passes deep percolation from the soil profile to the water table and, under conditions of waterlogging in which the water table is within the soil profile, DayCent soil hydrologic processes are constrained by the presence of the water table simulated by MODFLOW. The coupling is achieved by adopting a parallel inter-process communication technique MPI (Message Passing Interface). The model is applied to a waterlogged agricultural area (22 km2) in northern Colorado, USA and tested against groundwater head and rates of evapotranspiration (ET). The model runs in parallel with multiple processes on the largest AWS Linux server. Groundwater heads match measured heads to a reasonable degree, and ET rates match reference ET and are highly correlated with crop type. Results show the strong hydrologic interaction between the two models. Greenhouse gas emissions from soil (N2O and CH4) were also estimated by the model under the waterlogged conditions. Although the model can be used to simulate any plant-soil-aquifer system, no matter the depth of the water table, results from this study show that the model can be used to assess crop productivity, recharge, ET, and greenhouse gas emissions in areas of shallow groundwater.
High nuclearity clusters containing methyl groups. Synthesis and structures of pentaosmium-gold carbonyl cluster compounds

Abstract The compounds Os5(CO)15(μ3-AuPPh3)2, 2 and Os5(CO)14[μ4-Au3(PPh3)3](μ3-AuPPh3), 3 were obtained from the reaction of [PPN]2[Os5(CO)15] using [Au(PPh3)][NO3]. Compound 2 contains two triply-bridging Au(PPh3) groups. Compound 3 contains one triply-bridging Au(PPh3) group and a quadruply-bridging Au3(PPh3)3 group. When the same reaction was performed in the presence of CH3Au(PPh3), the new trigold compound Os5(CO)14(CH3)(μ3-AuPPh3)3, 4 was obtained. Compound 4 contains three triply-bridging Au(PPh3) groups and one methyl group coordinated to one of the apical osmium atoms of the trigonal bipyramidal pentaosmium cluster. Compound 4 was not obtained by the direct reaction of 2 with CH3Au(PPh3) but it was obtained when [Au(PPh3)][NO3] was added to the reaction solutions. Cationic digold species such as [CH3Au2(PPh3)2]+ have been proposed as a possible mechanism for the activation of CH3Au(PPh3) by [Au(PPh3)][NO3]. Compound 4 was also obtained albeit in a lower yield from the reaction of Os6(CO)18 with MeAu(PPh3) following treatment with Me3NO. Each of the pentaosmium products was characterized structurally by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis.
Benefit factors: American students, International students, and deaf/hard of hearing students' willingness to pay for captioned online courses

To recognize captioning benefits as a part of Universal Design, the study proposed to identify captioning benefits of American students who are native speakers, American students who are English as second language learners, International students, and deaf and hard of hearing students from two California universities. This study used the contingent valuation method, specifically, willingness to pay for survey design. Imagining if a university offers a captioned online course, the four groups were asked what factors they would be willing to pay for captioned online courses. American students and International students would be willing to pay for a variety of reasons, such as academic achievement, environmental convenience, and accessibility. Captioning benefits were not limited to deaf and hard of hearing students for accommodations, but also to American students and International students. The results could be a possibility of expanding future captioned online courses at universities as part of a Universal Design curriculum.
Symptom severity, amount of treatment, and 1-year outcomes among dual diagnosis patients.

This study reports on associations among symptom severity, amount of treatment, and 1-year outcomes in a national sample of 8,622 dual diagnosis patients, who were classified at treatment entry into low-, moderate-, and high-severity groups. Patients with more severe symptoms at intake had poorer 1-year outcomes. Higher severity patients did not receive adequate “doses” of care: Compared with low-severity patients, they had a shorter duration of care, although a longer duration was associated with improved outcomes; they also were less likely to receive outpatient substance abuse treatment, although more intensive treatment was associated with better drug outcomes. High-severity patients improved more on drug and legal outcomes, but less on psychiatric and family/social outcomes, than low-severity patients did when treatment was of longer duration or higher intensity. Dual diagnosis patients with highly severe symptoms would likely benefit from a longer episode of care that includes substance abuse and psychiatric outpatient treatment.
Immunological Studies on Dermatophytes II. Serological Reactivities of Mannans Prepared from Galactomannans I and II of Microsporum quinckeanum, Trichophyton granulosum, Trichophyton interdigitale, Trichophyton rubrum, and Trichophyton schoenleinii

Abstract The contribution of terminal galactofuranose residues to the antigenic specificity and to cross-reactivity of galactomannans isolated from five species of dermatophytes, Microsporum quinckeanum, Trichophyton granulosum, T. interdigitale, T. rubrum, and T. schoenleinii, was investigated. Galactofuranose units were removed from galactomannans I and galactomannans II by mild acid hydrolysis. The resulting mannans were tested for serological reactivity with rabbit antiserum to M. quinckeanum by qualitative precipitation in gel and by quantitative complement-fixation analyses. Our results showed that, with this antiserum, the galactofuranose residues contributed greatly to the antigenic specificity and to cross-reactivity of the galactomannans II, but these residues were less significant as antigenic determinants in the galactomannans I. We have shown that mannans isolated from three Candida species reacted with rabbit antiserum to M. quinckeanum.
FMN fluorescence in inducible NOS constructs reveals a series of conformational states involved in the reductase catalytic cycle

Nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) produce NO as a molecular signal in the nervous and cardiovascular systems and as a cytotoxin in the immune response. NO production in the constitutive isoforms is controlled by calmodulin regulation of electron transfer. In the tethered shuttle model for NOS reductase function, the FMN domain moves between NADPH dehydrogenase and oxygenase catalytic centers. Crystal structures of neuronal NOS reductase domain and homologs correspond to an ‘input state’, with FMN in close contact with FAD. We recently produced two domain ‘output state’ (oxyFMN) constructs showing calmodulin dependent FMN domain association with the oxygenase domain. FMN fluorescence is sensitive to enzyme conformation and calmodulin binding. The inducible NOS (iNOS) oxyFMN construct is more fluorescent than iNOS holoenzyme. The difference in steady state fluorescence is rationalized by the observation of a series of characteristic states in the two constructs, which we assign to FMN in different environments. OxyFMN and holoenzyme share open conformations with an average lifetime of ∼ 4.3 ns. The majority state in holoenzyme has a short lifetime of ∼ 90 ps, probably because of FAD–FMN interactions. In oxyFMN about 25–30% of the FMN is in a state with a lifetime of 0.9 ns, which we attribute to quenching by heme in the output state. Occupancy of the output state together with our previous kinetic results yields a heme edge to FMN distance estimate of 12–15 A. These results indicate that FMN fluorescence is a valuable tool to study conformational states involved in the NOS reductase catalytic cycle. Database NOS, EC 1.14.13.39