cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stress and schizophrenia: A review of research models and findings

Current thinking on schizophrenia suggests that patients are particularly vulnerable to stress, which may contribute significantly to triggering acute episodes of the illness. Previous investigation of the relationship of stress to schizophrenia has emphasized two themes. There is weak evidence that significantly stressful events may precipitate relapse. There are stronger indications that family communication styles characterized by criticism and hostility directed towards the patient may contribute to relapse. Working along both lines has provoked discussion and criticism on both conceptual and methodological grounds. The literature on stress models exhibits a diversity of approaches on several issues critical to the development of an effective stress-schizophrenia model: the locus of stress in the person-environment system; the elements to be included; the nature and direction of causal effect; and the methodology to be applied in the investigation of stress. Previous investigations have attempted but failed satisfactorily to isolate the person from the environment to obtain a clear measure of relationship between stress and schizophrenic episodes. The nature of the illness and of the identified psychosocial stress domain suggests that a more effective model would incorporate a systems-theoretical approach, focusing on coping processes used in achieving various forms of equilibrium with the environment.
362 EPIDEMIC MEASLES 1976–1977: EPIDEMIOLOGIC, SEROLOGIC AND REVACCINATION STUDIES

During 1976-1977, we obtained measles historical and HAI antibody titers in 421 children and 875 UCLA students and employees and revaccinated those with HAI titers <5. Seventy-five percent of 421 subjects at County clinics had measles antibody (≥5) prior to vaccination. Of 89 individuals with undetectable antibody (HAI titer <5), 21 had no antibody response 3 weeks after vaccination while 3/6 of this group had titers of ≥5 one year later. Post-vaccination GMT's were 67 and 30 at 3 weeks and 10-12 months respectively in 31 subjects with a primary immune response (IgM antibody) and 18 and 8 in 37 subjects with a secondary response (only IgG antibody). A measles epidemic occurred on the UCLA campus even though 91% of 502 students tested during the first week of the epidemic had antibody. At a campus clinic, followup data on vaccine reactions were available from 211 subjects; 42% reported no reaction, 58% reported minor reactions and 3% developed fever and rash. The occurrence of epidemic measles in a college population in which 91% were immune would suggest that our present National goal to immunize 90% of children is inadequate. The large number of older children with measles antibody seeking immunization in public programs, and the minimal response to booster immunization suggests that serologic screening programs to identify susceptibles might be preferable to mass vaccination of older persons.
Improving Immunization of Children in Low Income Families

Abstract Social class differences compounded by variables of race and ethnicity are strongly associated with inequalities in health status and health care. Preventive health care in particular is less likely to be afforded to those persons who are members of socioeconomically dis-advantaged and minority groups. One specific inequality in health status and preventive health care, immunization against infectious diseases, currently presents challenges. The inadequate immunization of children, especially those in low income families, is a major public health problem in the United States. The human and financial costs of this problem are great; the consequences are highly preventable. The following discussion delineates and discusses obstacles to the adequate immunization of preschool age children. It highlights policy initiatives and program developments designed to improve rates of immunization. Finally, it explores the implications for health and human services to ensure the success of current efforts, as ...
Remote plasma-enhanced CVD of silicon: reaction kinetics as a function of growth parameters

The reaction kinetics in Remote Plasma-enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (RPCVD) have been studied for a chamber pressure of 200 mTorr, rf powers between 4 and 8 W, diluted silane flow rates between 5 and 40 sccm, and temperatures between 190 and 480° C. The observed temperature dependence of growth rate reveals a change in activation energy at 300–325° C, suggesting that hydrogen desorption is the rate limiting step in the deposition reaction. A strong dependence of growth rate on rf power has been attributed in part to the extension of the glow discharge region closer to the substrate at higher rf powers. Growth rate has been shown to increase when the sample is positioned closer to the glow, indicating that the reaction precursor is a short-lived species, probably SiH2 or SiH3. Growth rate has been shown to exhibit a sublinear dependence on silane partial pressure. Oxygen incorporation in the deposited films has been studied using Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS), and it has been found that the main source of oxygen contamination is the process gases. However, it has also been found that “point of use” purification of the process gases reduces water and oxygen contamination significantly, reducing the oxygen incorporation in the films by an order of magnitude.
872 CALCIUM DYNAMICS IN INFANCY

Calcium (Ca) disorders and therapeutic effectiveness can be assessed by measurements of bone dynamics using stable tracer methods. A pulse of IV Ca-46 is followed by a 9-15 day continuous feeding of Ca-48. Ca isotopic abundances in serum, urine, and feces are determined by thermoionization mass spectrometry (0.5% precision). Kinetic parameters (mg/kg/d) are calculated by nonlinear, weighted least squares analysis and growth is compensated for by using expanding pool sizes. Two infants (Inf.) had Ca turnover rates 12 times that of a control adult (Ad); bone Ca deposition (vo+) and resorption (vo-) were determined with 2 to 5% precision. Two infants with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) were studied before (B) and while taking ascorbic acid (C). Inf show excessive endogenous fecal (vf) to urinary (vu) Ca excretion as compared to adults, suggesting a major role for vf in regulating Ca balance in Inf. An Inf with OI had similar Ca dynamics except for a decrease in bone Ca fluxes. Ascorbic acid, as suggested for clinical use, had no effect on bone calcium balance.
Examining Configurations and Firm Performance in a Suboptimal Equifinality Context

Gresov and Drazin's (1997) suggestions regarding the study of equifinality are used to investigate the organizational configurations that exists within a suboptimal equifinality context. A suboptimal equifinality situation exists when organizations must satisfy multiple and conflicting functional demands with a restricted set of design options; these restrictions force all organizations to operate suboptimally. Gresov and Drazin (1997) speculate that in such a situation legitimacy claims are made about one function being more important than the other(s) so that an increased quantity of acceptable organizational forms are established. Additionally, they argue that a misfit penalty is likely to exist for organizations that deviate from the preferred configurational design. With data from the medical group industry, these speculations about suboptimal equifinality situations are tested using multivariate regression analyses. Findings show that the configuration type aligning with the preferred functional demand of quality performs relatively higher than those aligning with operational efficiency or attempting to meet both demands. Additionally, the greater the organization's deviation from that design, the lower the financial performance. In summary, this study demonstrates that it is useful to take a functional equivalence perspective when examining variance in firm performance that is caused by design differences. Such an approach allows a more complete understanding of the fit-performance relationship by explicitly considering three factors: (i) the number of and level of conflict(s) among functional demands placed on the organization, (ii) the structural design options available to the decision maker, and (iii) the trade-offs that exist.
Making scents of olfactory adaptation.

Olfactory neurons adapt to prolonged odor exposure through calcium-calmodulin inhibition of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. A study in this issue reveals a new mechanism for olfactory adaptation under native conditions, via unexpected binding sites.
Spectral efficiency of peak power limited Rician block-fading channels

In this paper, the capacity and spectral efficiency of peak power limited Rician block-fading channels when neither the receiver nor the transmitter knows the fading coefficients is studied. The capacity-achieving input amplitude distribution of the average power limited memoryless unknown Rayleigh fading channel is discrete with a finite number of mass points is proved. The spectral-efficiency and the bit energy tradeoff in the low power regime is studied.
Girls' schooling and the perceived threat of adolescent sexual activity in rural Malawi

Despite its relative infrequency, pregnancy is perceived by parents in rural Malawi as a leading cause of school dropout among female students. This paper explores parents' beliefs about adolescent sexual activity and schoolgirl pregnancy and how these perceptions frame parents' aspirations and expectations about girls' schooling. In-depth interviews were collected in rural Malawi from 60 adults aged 25-50 who were the parent of at least one school-aged child. Four themes emerged from the data: how expectations about sexual activity frame parental expectations about schooling duration and dropout, the loss of parental control, the negative influence of classmates and schools as unsafe environments. These concerns frame how parents consider a daughter's schooling prospects and are active even for parents whose daughters are not sexually active or who are not yet old enough to have gone through puberty. Although all parents aspire for their children to attend secondary school, these perceptions of daughters' relative risk weaken parents' motivation to encourage daughters to remain in school.
CORDS: automatic discovery of correlations and soft functional dependencies

The rich dependency structure found in the columns of real-world relational databases can be exploited to great advantage, but can also cause query optimizers---which usually assume that columns are statistically independent---to underestimate the selectivities of conjunctive predicates by orders of magnitude. We introduce CORDS, an efficient and scalable tool for automatic discovery of correlations and soft functional dependencies between columns. CORDS searches for column pairs that might have interesting and useful dependency relations by systematically enumerating candidate pairs and simultaneously pruning unpromising candidates using a flexible set of heuristics. A robust chi-squared analysis is applied to a sample of column values in order to identify correlations, and the number of distinct values in the sampled columns is analyzed to detect soft functional dependencies. CORDS can be used as a data mining tool, producing dependency graphs that are of intrinsic interest. We focus primarily on the use of CORDS in query optimization. Specifically, CORDS recommends groups of columns on which to maintain certain simple joint statistics. These "column-group" statistics are then used by the optimizer to avoid naive selectivity estimates based on inappropriate independence assumptions. This approach, because of its simplicity and judicious use of sampling, is relatively easy to implement in existing commercial systems, has very low overhead, and scales well to the large numbers of columns and large table sizes found in real-world databases. Experiments with a prototype implementation show that the use of CORDS in query optimization can speed up query execution times by an order of magnitude. CORDS can be used in tandem with query feedback systems such as the LEO learning optimizer, leveraging the infrastructure of such systems to correct bad selectivity estimates and ameliorating the poor performance of feedback systems during slow learning phases.
CHAOTIC AND NONCHAOTIC BEHAVIOR IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL QUADRATIC SYSTEMS: 5-1 DISSIPATIVE CASES

We show analytically that almost all three-dimensional dissipative quadratic systems of ordinary differential equations with a total of five terms on the right-hand side and one nonlinear term (namely 5-1 cases) are not chaotic except twenty one of them. Indeed we find nine systems that exhibit chaos, which were discovered by Sprott and Malasoma earlier. They are the simplest dissipative chaotic systems found so far. In this paper, we also extend Heidel–Zhang's theorem which provides sufficient conditions for solutions in the three-dimensional autonomous systems with polynomials and rational expressions on the right-hand side being nonchaotic. We then investigate the twenty one systems analytically and numerically. We show the portraits of some typical chaotic and nonchaotic solutions in phase space. For two of the systems that exhibit chaos we found stable period 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 orbits numerically.
Using risk to balance agile and plan-driven methods

Both agile and plan-driven approaches have situation-dependent shortcomings that, if not addressed, can lead to project failure. The challenge is to balance the two approaches to take advantage of their strengths in a given situation while compensating for their weaknesses. The authors present a risk-based approach for structuring projects to incorporate both agile and plan-driven approaches in proportion to a project's needs.
Simulating protein evolution in sequence and structure space.

Abstract Naturally occurring proteins comprise a special subset of all plausible sequences and structures selected through evolution. Simulating protein evolution with simplified and all-atom models has shed light on the evolutionary dynamics of protein populations, the nature of evolved sequences and structures, and the extent to which today’s proteins are shaped by selection pressures on folding, structure and function. Extensive mapping of the native structure, stability and folding rate in sequence space using lattice proteins has revealed organizational principles of the sequence/structure map important for evolutionary dynamics. Evolutionary simulations with lattice proteins have highlighted the importance of fitness landscapes, evolutionary mechanisms, population dynamics and sequence space entropy in shaping the generic properties of proteins. Finally, evolutionary-like simulations with all-atom models, in particular computational protein design, have helped identify the dominant selection pressures on naturally occurring protein sequences and structures.
Shear bond strength of several new core materials

Abstract This study compared the shear bond strengths of three core materials: a light activated glass-ionomer cement (VariGlass VLC), a fluoride-release dual cure composite resin (FluoroCore), and a conventional silver-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (Miracle Mix) when cured to dentin. Fifty-four noncarious molar teeth were extracted, cleaned, mounted in acrylic resin, and sectioned horizontally to expose the dentin surface. Each material was mixed according to manufacturer's instructions, applied in a premade mold to the exposed dentin, and then cured. The specimens were randomized into three groups (six teeth from each material) and stored (37° C, 100% humidity) for 15 minutes, 24 hours, and 24 hours and were then thermocycled (5° to 55° C) for 125 cycles. The specimens were tested for shear bond strength with the Instron universal testing machine. The differences among time groups were not statistically significant except for Miracle Mix and VariGlass VLC cements, which showed a greater improvement with thermocycling. This study indicated that the FluoroCore resin exhibited the greatest shear bond strength of the core materials and that VariGlass VLC cement had greater bond strength than Miracle Mix cement except after thermocycling, when VariGlass VLC cement and FluoroCore resin were not significantly different.
Attempting to restore herbaceous understories in Wyoming big sagebrush communities with mowing and seeding.

Shrub steppe communities with depleted perennial herbaceous understories often need to be restored to increase resilience and resistance. Mowing has been applied to Wyoming big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) steppe plant communities to reduce sagebrush dominance and restore native herbaceous vegetation, but success has been limited and hampered by increases in exotic annuals. Seeding native bunchgrasses after mowing may accelerate recovery and limit exotics. We compared mowing followed by drill-seeding native bunchgrasses to mowing and an untreated control at five sites in southeastern Oregon over a 4-year period. Mowing and seeding bunchgrasses increased bunchgrass density; however, bunchgrass cover did not differ among treatments. Exotic annuals increased with mowing whether or not post-mowing seeding occurred. Mowing, whether or not seeding occurred, also reduced biological soil crusts. Longer term evaluation is needed to determine if seeded bunchgrasses will increase enough to suppress exotic annuals. Seeded bunchgrasses may have been limited by increases in exotic annuals. Though restoration of sagebrush communities with degraded understories is needed, we do not recommend mowing and seeding native bunchgrasses because this treatment produced mixed results that may lower the resilience and resistance of these communities. Before this method is applied, research is needed to increase our understanding of how to improve establishment of seeded native bunchgrasses. Alternatively, restoration practitioners may need to apply treatments to control exotic annuals and repeatedly seed native bunchgrasses.
On the modeling and analysis of jitter in ATE using Matlab

This paper presents a new jitter component analysis method for mixed mode VLSI chip testing in automatic test equipment (ATE). The separate components are analyzed individually and then combined using Matlab. The Matlab simulation shows how jitter components combine and how the total jitter depends on the jitter injection sequence. The relationship among jitter components is presented and the superposition of the jitter components is verified. This new technique gives test engineers an insight into how the jitter components interact.
Cancer Ward Staff Group: An Intervention Designed to Prevent Disaster.

This article describes a case study illustrating organizational and system contingencies for introducing and maintaining a "support group "for oncology nursing staff in a large general hospital culture. Miller's criteria for long-run survivability of innovation in a work system are applied to a group structured like that described by Balint for training physicians in interpersonal relations.
Zen and the art of dating: Mindfulness, differentiation of self, and satisfaction in dating relationships

The purpose of the present study was to examine the links between trait mindfulness, differentiation of self, and relationship satisfaction in dating relationships. One hundred four individuals in a current dating relationship completed surveys of trait mindfulness, differentiation of self (as measured by its 4 subcomponents: fusion with others, emotional cutoff, emotional reactivity, and I position), and relationship satisfaction. Results indicated that overall differentiation of self and, more specifically, 2 of its subcomponents (I position and fusion with others) mediated (rather than moderated) the link between mindfulness and relationship satisfaction. In contrast, the 2 remaining subcomponents of differentiation of self (emotional reactivity and emotional cutoff) did not mediate or moderate the association between mindfulness and relationship satisfaction. These results suggest that mindful attunement to one’s partner may promote greater relationship satisfaction by fostering the ability to maintain a clearly defined sense of self even in the wake of stressful situations and the ability to successfully navigate relational demands without becoming overwhelmed by or overly fused with one’s partner. Furthermore, findings from the current study provide preliminary support for the link between mindfulness and differentiation of self and suggest that they may jointly contribute to relationship satisfaction, thus indicating an important area for future research.
A Randomized Field Trial of the Fast ForWord Language Computer-Based Training Program

This article describes an independent assessment of the Fast ForWord Language computer-based training program developed by Scientific Learning Corporation. Previous laboratory research involving children with language-based learning impairments showed strong effects on their abilities to recognize brief and fast sequences of nonspeech and speech stimuli, but generalization of these effects beyond clinical settings and student populations and to broader literacy measures remains unclear. Implementing a randomized field trial in eight urban schools, we generated impact estimates from separate intent-to-treat and treatment-on-the-treated analyses of the literacy outcomes of second- and seventh-grade students who were more generally at risk for poor reading and language outcomes. There were some problems of implementation in the field setting, and the Fast ForWord Language program did not, in general, help students in these eight schools improve their language and reading comprehension test scores.
miR2GO: comparative functional analysis for microRNAs.

UNLABELLED miR2GO is a web-based platform for comparative analyses of human miRNA functions. It includes two programs: miRmut2GO and miRpair2GO. miRmut2GO implements a knowledge-based method to assess the functional effects of genetic and somatic mutations in microRNA seed regions. The functional effects of a mutation are analysed by semantic comparison of enriched gene ontology (GO) annotations of the target gene sets for the wild-type and mutated alleles. miRpair2GO compares the functions of two different miRNAs based on the enriched functional annotations of their target gene sets. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The miR2GO web server is available at http://compbio.uthsc.edu/miR2GO.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Allograft versus autograft

Purpose: This study was performed to compare the minimal 2-year outcome of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction using bone–patellar tendon– bone (BPTB) allografts versus autografts, both augmented with an iliotibial band tenodesis. Type of Study: Retrospective review. Methods: Forty-six of 52 BPTB ACL reconstructions using allografts and 33 of 37 BPTB ACL reconstructions using autografts were followed up at a mean of 2.75 and 3.36 years, respectively. All patients had an iliotibial band tenodesis. Evaluations included the Lysholm II scale, a questionnaire, physical examination findings, and KT-1000 arthrometry. Results: No statistically significant differences were seen between groups in Lysholm II scores or in any subjective category. Most patients (91% allograft; 97% autograft) had good to excellent Lysholm II scores. Sixty-five percent of allograft patients and 73% of autograft patients returned to their preinjury activity level. More allograft patients complained of retropatellar pain (16% v 9% for autograft patients). Fifty-three percent of allograft patients versus 23% of autograft patients had a flexion deficit of 5° or more when compared with the normal contralateral side. When comparing KT-1000 side-to-side differences, we found no significant differences between groups. Ninety-one percent of both groups had maximum side-to-side differences less than 5 mm. Three allograft patients (6.5%) had traumatic ruptures at 12, 19, and 43 months postoperatively versus none in the autograft group. All three allograft patients who sustained postoperative traumatic ruptures had received fresh frozen, nonirradiated allografts. Conclusions: Results of ACL reconstruction using allografts or autografts augmented with an iliotibial band tenodesis were comparable. The BPTB autograft should remain the gold standard, although the BPTB allograft in ACL reconstruction is a reasonable alternative. Key Words: Allograft cruciate ligament reconstruction—Allograft—Autograft.
An Efficient Tree Search for Reduced Complexity Sphere Decoding

The complexity of sphere decoding (SD) has been widely studied due to the importance of this algorithm in obtaining the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) performance with lower complexity. In this paper, we propose a proper tree search traversal technique that reduces the overall SD computational complexity without sacrificing the performance. We exploit the similarity among the complex symbols in a square QAM lattice representation and rewrite the squared norm ML metric in a simpler form allowing significant reduction of the number of operations required to decode the transmitted symbols. We also show that this approach achieves > 45% complexity gain for systems employing 4-QAM, and that this gain becomes bigger as the constellation size is larger.
An Electromagnetic Theory of Gravitation

An Electromagnetic Theory of Gravitation.---An electric system in a medium whose specific inductive capacity $k$ varies from point to point tends to move in the direction of increasing $k$. It is suggested that if we assume the specific inductive capacity of the ether to vary near matter, gravitation may be explained as a result of this tendency. In a medium in which at a distance $r$ from a mass $m$, $k=\mathrm{I}+\frac{m}{r}$, it is shown that a rigid electrostatic system would be acted on by a force directed toward $m$ and equal to $\frac{m{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{{r}^{2}}$, where ${m}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ in the electromagnetic mass of the system. But in order to explain the observed deflection of light by the sun we must have $k=\mathrm{I}+\frac{2m}{r}$; and this will not give the force $\frac{m{m}^{\ensuremath{'}}}{{r}^{2}}$ unless the system contracts in the ratio of $\mathrm{I}:\mathrm{I}\ensuremath{-}\frac{m}{r}$. A physical explanation of this assumed contraction is suggested. If the system with the mass ${m}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is also supposed to modify $k$, it is necessary to take into account the energy changes in $m$ and in the ether. The effect of gravitation on the frequency of the light emitted by an atom, which was predicted by Einstein, can be easily deduced from the present theory.
EGFR testing in lung carcinoma: past, present and future

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinase domain mutations in lung adenocarcinoma were first described ten years ago. This proved to be a transformative event that ushered in the era of precision medicine in thoracic oncology. EGFR mutations lead to ligand-independent cell growth and proliferation signals, triggering a pathway dependency that has been termed oncogene addition. EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) that turn off these signals have been proven superior to standard chemotherapy in patients whose tumors have EGFR activating mutations. As a result, treatment decisions in patients with advanced stage lung adenocarcinomas should be predicated on tumor EGFR mutation status. This seminar will examine the history of EGFR testing, the basis of current practice recommendations, and future challenges related to EGFR TKI resistance, re-biopsy practices, and testing strategies in ever-smaller tumor specimens.
Accuracy of trans-abdominal ultrasound in a simulated massive acute overdose

Abstract Introduction Toxic ingestions are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. In 2013, there were nearly 2 million reported ingestions and nearly 1000 deaths from poisonings. There is no well-validated imaging study for confirming the presence of pills in the stomach of an overdose patient. There are case reports of ultrasound used for confirmation of pills in the stomach, and we are aware of one prospective trial to evaluate sonography for this application. Objective To determine the sensitivity and specificity of transabdominal ultrasound for visualization of ingested pills. Methods Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study. Twenty Subjects were randomized to one of two groups. The experimental group ingested 50 enteric-coated placebo capsules with 1 liter of fluid. The control group ingested only 1 liter of fluid. At time 0, 60, and 90 minutes after ingestion, expert sonographers performed transabdominal ultrasound in an attempt to visualize pills in the stomach. Results At time 0, 60, and 90 minutes post-ingestion, ultrasound had a sensitivity of 62.5% (41.1%, 81.9%), 20.8% (4.6%, 37.1%), and 25% (7.7%, 42.3%) respectively. The specificity at time 0, 60, and 90 minutes post-ingestion were 58.3% (21.9%, 61.4%), 79.1% (62.9%, 95.5%), and 70.8% (52.6%, 89.0%) respectively. Conclusion There is poor sensitivity and specificity for ultrasound detection of pills in the stomach at time 0; these values fell substantially at 60 and 90 minutes post-ingestion. In this pilot study, we did not find ultrasound to be a useful screening tool for detecting pills in the stomach.
Metacommunication During Disaster Response: “Reporting” and the Constitution of Problems in Hurricane Katrina Teleconferences

“To anticipate and forestall disasters is to understand regularities in the ways small events can combine to have disproportionately large effects.” Taking Weick’s observation to heart, we examine ...
Alcohol intake alters immune responses and promotes CNS viral persistence in mice.

Abstract Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to progressive liver disease and is associated with a variety of extrahepatic effects, including central nervous system (CNS) damage and neuropsychiatric impairments. Alcohol abuse can exacerbate these adverse effects on brain and behavior, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. This study investigated the role of alcohol in regulating viral persistence and CNS immunopathology in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), a model for HCV infections in humans. Female and male BALB/c mice (n = 94) were exposed to alcohol (ethanol; EtOH) and water (or water only) using a two-bottle choice paradigm, followed one week later by infection with either LCMV clone 13 (causes chronic infection similar to chronic HCV), LCMV Armstrong (causes acute infection), or vehicle. Mice were monitored for 60 days post-infection and continued to receive 24-h access to EtOH and water. Animals infected with LCMV clone 13 drank more EtOH, as compared to those with an acute or no viral infection. Six weeks after infection with LCMV clone 13, mice with EtOH exposure evidenced higher serum viral titers, as compared to mice without EtOH exposure. EtOH intake was also associated with reductions in virus-specific CD8 + T cell frequencies (particularly CD11a hi subsets) and evidence of persistent CNS viremia in chronically infected mice. These findings support the hypothesis that EtOH use and chronic viral infection can result in combined toxic effects accelerating CNS damage and neuropsychiatric dysfunction and suggest that examining the role of EtOH in regulating viral persistence and CNS immunopathology in mice infected with LCMV can lead to a more comprehensive understanding of comorbid alcohol use disorder and chronic viral infection.
Civilian Correspondence: Prisoners and Spies

A continuation of Manly’s article IX, article X, begins with a discussion of letters to and from the prisoner of war camps, both German and Allied prisoners. It also mentions Franklin W. Allen, who was head of the MI-8 Shorthand Section during the war. The article also discusses attempts by German sympathizers in America to extract information from soldiers in an effort to get logistics information to share with the Germans. The article wraps up with a lengthy discussion of the German spy “Patricia.” Herbert Yardley, in Chapter 4 of The American Black Chamber, also has a brief discussion of a German spy named “Patricia,” although the details are different than in this article and are much more focused on secret inks.
Posterior Fossa Malformations and Epilepsy

Risk factors for epilepsy in children with posterior fossa malformations (PFM) were studied in 22 cases of PFM with epilepsy (41%), and 32 without epilepsy (59%), seen at the University of Bologna, Italy.
Recognizing Thyrotoxicosis: Case Commentary

Clinical manifestations of thyrotoxicosis range from silent to florid and can mimic those of other conditions occurring in pregnancy and old age. The diagnosis may be particularly vexing in elderly patients with apparent dementia. Once clinical suspicion has been aroused, the workup to confirm the diagnosis and establish the cause is easily accomplished.
PIK3CA Mutation in a Mixed Rosette Forming Glioneuronal Tumor and Dysembryoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumor (P3.282)

OBJECTIVE: To describe the first documented case of a mixed rosette forming glioneuronal tumor (RGNT) with dysembroplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNET) features with a PIK3CA oncogene mutation and to review the literature for cases of PIK3CA positive RGNT and mixed RGNT/DNET. BACKGROUND: Rosette forming glioneuronal tumors are rare, World Health Organization (WHO) grade I novel tumors frequently affecting the fourth ventricle or posterior fossa with typical neuronal pseudorosettes. RGNTs have been described as possessing additional histologic features of DNETs or pilocytic astrocytomas. Activating PIK3CA mutations have been identified as recurring genetic event in RGNTs. DESIGN/METHODS: We report a 35 year old man who presented with binocular diplopia, headache, and was found to have a third ventricle tumor. Tumor pathology and oncogene evaluation was conducted. RESULTS: The tumor demonstrated histologic features consistent with mixed RGNT/DNET. Genetic studies revealed a PIK3CA (E545K, c.1633G>A) mutation without IDH1, p53, 1p19q chromosomal co-deletion, or BRAF mutations. A literature search revealed six cases of PIK3CA mutations in RGNTs and seven cases of mixed RGNT/DNET. No cases of mixed RGNT/DNET with a PIK3CA mutation have been described. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first documented case of an RGNT/DNET with an activating PIK3CA mutation. The presence of a PIK3CA mutation may aid histologic classification in the setting of mixed histology, and may have implications for targeting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in this tumor type. Disclosure: Dr. Eye has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cantrell has nothing to disclose. Dr. Theeler has nothing to disclose.
Smart Meter Data Analytics for Optimal Customer Selection in Demand Response Programs

Abstract This paper describes a methodology to predict customers’ eligibility to participate in Demand Response (DR) programs using real electricity data collected from customers over time by smart meters. These types of programs have been proposed to improve generation capacity as load demand increases and the two-way communications (between utilities and users) are enabled. Instead of installing new power plants in smart grids, utilities encourage users to shift their electricity consumption from peak hours to off-peak hours. The number of successfully recruited customers participating in demand response programs is usually low, and resources are wasted on recruitment efforts. The results of our research reflect that it is possible to predict with more than 90% accuracy which customers are good targets for DR program participation based on their consumption patterns and lifestyles. These data could ultimately improve the recruitment process for DR programs.
Path Dependent PDEs

The path dependent PDEs (PPDE, for short) is a powerful and convenient tool for non-Markov problems. In particular, a BSDE can be viewed as a semilinear PPDE and thus the nonlinear Feynman-Kac formula is extended to non-Markov case. In this chapter we are most interested in fully nonlinear parabolic PPDEs, typically path dependent Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations and path dependent Bellman-Isaacs equations, due to their important applications in stochastic control and stochastic differential games. However, in path dependent case, even a heat equation may not have a classical solution. We thus turn to viscosity solutions. We shall introduce a new notion of viscosity solution and establish its well-posedness, including the comparison principle.
Recovery of missing samples in fetal heart rate recordings with Gaussian processes

Missing samples are very common in fetal heart rate (FHR) recordings due to various reasons including fetal or maternal movements and misplaced electrodes. They introduce distortions and cause difficulties in their analysis. In this paper, we propose a Gaussian process-based method that can utilize other intrapartum signals (e.g., uterine activity and maternal heart rate) to recover the missing samples in FHR recordings. The proposed approach was tested on a short real FHR recording segment and its performance was compared with that of cubic spline interpolation which is widely used in pre-processing of FHR recordings. Our results show that the proposed approach, with utilization of UA signals, achieves 2.35 dB to 14.85 dB better recovery performance. Furthermore, even when the percentage of missing samples is more than 50%, the mean square error of this approach is still below one beat per minute.
Wealth and Poverty: Introduction

Economics, since its inception as an autonomous discipline, has regarded the creation of wealth as a central part of its theoretical outlook and practical agenda. The expansion of wealth has been consistently embraced as the ideal means to alleviate the social and economic problems resulting from scarcity and poverty. A careful examination of ancient and medieval economic thought, however, reveals a different view of the relationship between wealth and poverty. Part 2 attempts to contribute a distinctive perspective to this debate, by examining the Islamic position on the relationship between wealth and poverty, and the implications of this position with respect to modern economic theory and policy. We engage in a comparative analysis with the views of Christian and secular schools of economic thought.
Towards Practical File Packetizations in Wireless Device-to-Device Caching Networks

We consider wireless device-to-device (D2D) caching networks with single-hop transmissions. Previous work has demonstrated that caching and coded multicasting can significantly increase per user throughput. However, the state-of-the-art coded caching schemes for D2D networks are generally impractical because content files are partitioned into an exponential number of packets with respect to the number of users if both library and memory sizes are fixed. In this paper, we present two combinatorial approaches of D2D coded caching network design with reduced packetizations and desired throughput gain compared to the conventional uncoded unicasting. The first approach uses a "hypercube" design, where each user caches a "hyperplane" in this hypercube and the intersections of "hyperplanes" represent coded multicasting codewords. In addition, we extend the hypercube approach to a decentralized design. The second approach uses the Ruzsa-Szemeredi graph to define the cache placement. Disjoint matchings on this graph represent coded multicasting codewords. Both approaches yield an exponential reduction of packetizations while providing a per-user throughput that is comparable to the state-of-the-art designs in the literature. Furthermore, we apply spatial reuse to the new D2D network designs to further reduce the required packetizations and significantly improve per user throughput for some parameter regimes.
Finite element modeling to analyze TEER values across silicon nanomembranes

Silicon nanomembranes are ultrathin, highly permeable, optically transparent and biocompatible substrates for the construction of barrier tissue models. Trans-epithelial/endothelial electrical resistance (TEER) is often used as a non-invasive, sensitive and quantitative technique to assess barrier function. The current study characterizes the electrical behavior of devices featuring silicon nanomembranes to facilitate their application in TEER studies. In conventional practice with commercial systems, raw resistance values are multiplied by the area of the membrane supporting cell growth to normalize TEER measurements. We demonstrate that under most circumstances, this multiplication does not 'normalize' TEER values as is assumed, and that the assumption is worse if applied to nanomembrane chips with a limited active area. To compare the TEER values from nanomembrane devices to those obtained from conventional polymer track-etched (TE) membranes, we develop finite element models (FEM) of the electrical behavior of the two membrane systems. Using FEM and parallel cell-culture experiments on both types of membranes, we successfully model the evolution of resistance values during the growth of endothelial monolayers. Further, by exploring the relationship between the models we develop a 'correction' function, which when applied to nanomembrane TEER, maps to experiments on conventional TE membranes. In summary, our work advances the the utility of silicon nanomembranes as substrates for barrier tissue models by developing an interpretation of TEER values compatible with conventional systems.
Serum calcium concentration is maintained when bone resorption is suppressed by osteoprotegerin in young growing male rats.

Abstract Serum calcium (Ca) is maintained in a narrow range through regulation of Ca metabolism in the intestine, kidney, and bone. Calcium is incorporated and resorbed from bone during bone remodeling via cellular processes as well as by exchange. Both routes contribute to calcium homeostasis. To assess the magnitude of bone turnover contribution to calcium homeostasis we labeled bone with a Ca tracer and measured Ca release following stimulation or suppression of bone resorption. Young growing male rats (n = 162) were dosed with 45Ca to label skeletal Ca. After a one-month period to allow the label to incorporate into the skeleton, rats were treated with a bone resorption antagonist (OPG), a bone resorption agonist (RANKL), or vehicle control (PBS). Serum and urine 45Ca and total Ca, and serum TRACP5b (a bone resorption biomarker), were monitored for 45 days following treatment. Tracer data were analyzed by a compartmental model using WinSAAM to quantify dynamic changes in Ca metabolism and identify sites of change following treatment. In RANKL treated rats, both serum 45Ca and serum TRACP5b were increased by >70% due to a 25-fold increase in bone resorption. In OPG treated rats, both serum 45Ca and serum TRACP5b were suppressed by >70% due to a 75% decrease in bone resorption, a 3-fold increase in bone formation, and a 50% increase in absorption. Because TRACP5b and 45Ca responded similarly, we conclude that Ca release from bone into serum occurs mostly via osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. However, because serum Ca concentration did not change with altered resorption in response to either RANKL or OPG treatment, we also conclude that serum Ca concentration under normal dietary conditions in young growing male rats is maintained by processes in addition to cellular bone resorption.
A combined filtering strategy for short term and long term wind speed prediction with improved accuracy

Abstract Wind Speed (WS) prediction plays a more and more important role in the wind farm operation and maintenance. In current literature, the short term ( 6 h ahead) WS prediction are normally provided by different models. The statistical models are found effective in short-term prediction while the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model is important to ensure the medium/long-term prediction accuracy. Driven by the needs of enhanced predictor that is effective for multiple time scales, this paper proposes a novel filtering strategy which integrates the statistical predictors and the NWP model outputs into one unified framework. Based on the proposed filtering strategy, a combined predictor SVR + SDA + UKF (Support Vector Regression + Stacked De-noising Auto-encoder + Unscented Kalman Filter) is proposed and validated. In the proposed predictor, the SVR term propagates the state vector of UKF and ensures short-term prediction accuracy. The SDA term fuses the NWP model outputs and mainly contributes to medium/long-term prediction accuracy. Consequently, the proposed method achieves improved accuracy in both short and medium/long-term WS prediction. In the case studies, the effectiveness of the proposed filtering strategy and the superiority of the predictor are demonstrated by the real-world data collected from an off-shore wind farm.
Proceedings of the 22nd Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking

The MobiCom conference series serves as a highly selective, premier international forum addressing networks, systems, algorithms, and applications that support mobile computers and wireless networks.
Linking internal resistance with design and operation decisions in microbial electrolysis cells.

The distribution of internal resistance in most microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) remains unclear, which hinders the optimization and scaling up of the technology. In this study, a method for quantifying the effects of design and operation decisions on internal resistance was applied for the first time to MECs. In typical single chamber MECs with carbon cloth electrodes, the internal resistance was distributed as follows: 210 Ω cm2 for anode, 77 Ω cm2 for cathode, and 11 Ω cm2 M for solution. While varying the spacing of the electrodes (<1 cm) had little effect on MEC performance, inducing fluid motion between the electrodes decreased the internal resistance of all MEC components: 150 Ω cm2 for anode, 47 Ω cm2 for cathode, and 5.3 Ω cm2 M for solution. Adjusting the anode to cathode surface area ratio, to balance the internal resistance distribution, resulted in a significant improvement in performance (47 A/m2 current density, 3.7 L-H2/L-liquid volume/day). These results suggest that the quantification of the internal resistance distribution enables the efficient design and operation of MECs. The parameters obtained in this study were also capable of predicting the performance of MECs from some previous studies, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method.