cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Update on Managing Serious Wound Infections in Horses: Wounds Involving Bone

Abstract Most serious wound infections involve at least one, and usually a combination, of these factors: (1) extensive contamination or bacterial burden that overwhelms the patient's resources, (2) refugia which protect the bacteria from host defenses and antibiotic drugs, (3) immunocompromise, (4) poor perfusion, and (5) antibiotic resistance of the wound pathogen(s). In horses, wounds that involve bone, range in severity, complexity, and long-term impact from those containing a sequestrum, to septic osteomyelitis at the site of internal fixation. The principles of successful treatment are as follows: (1) debride the devitalized or irreparably damaged bone and soft tissue, (2) preserve and protect the vascular supply to bone and soft tissue, (3) maintain or restore structural integrity at the site, (4) control infection through appropriate local/regional and systemic antibiotic therapy and (5) protect the wound from further contamination, desiccation, maceration, and trauma.
ARQUEOLOGÍA DE JAUJA, PERÚ: DEL INTERMEDIO TEMPRANO AL INTERMEDIO TARDÍO (Resultados de la temporada de campo 1986)

Las investigaciones arqueologicas llevadas a cabo en 1988 fueron disenadas para examinar a los Sausa, un grupo cultural pre inka, conocido con el nombre de Wanka, asentado en las serranias de los Andes Centrales del Peru.
Correcting nucleotide-specific biases in high-throughput sequencing data

High-throughput sequence (HTS) data exhibit position-specific nucleotide biases that obscure the intended signal and reduce the effectiveness of these data for downstream analyses. These biases are particularly evident in HTS assays for identifying regulatory regions in DNA (DNase-seq, ChIP-seq, FAIRE-seq, ATAC-seq). Biases may result from many experiment-specific factors, including selectivity of DNA restriction enzymes and fragmentation method, as well as sequencing technology-specific factors, such as choice of adapters/primers and sample amplification methods. We present a novel method to detect and correct position-specific nucleotide biases in HTS short read data. Our method calculates read-specific weights based on aligned reads to correct the over- or underrepresentation of position-specific nucleotide subsequences, both within and adjacent to the aligned read, relative to a baseline calculated in assay-specific enriched regions. Using HTS data from a variety of ChIP-seq, DNase-seq, FAIRE-seq, and ATAC-seq experiments, we show that our weight-adjusted reads reduce the position-specific nucleotide imbalance across reads and improve the utility of these data for downstream analyses, including identification and characterization of open chromatin peaks and transcription-factor binding sites. A general-purpose method to characterize and correct position-specific nucleotide sequence biases fills the need to recognize and deal with, in a systematic manner, binding-site preference for the growing number of HTS-based epigenetic assays. As the breadth and impact of these biases are better understood, the availability of a standard toolkit to correct them will be important.
A synchronized axon hillock neuron for memristive neuromorphic systems

In this paper we present circuit techniques to optimize analog neurons specifically for operation in memristive neuromorphic systems. Since the peripheral circuits and control signals of the system are digital in nature, we take a mixed-signal circuit design approach to leverage analog computation in multiplying and accumulating digital input spikes and generate binary spikes as outputs to be consistent with surrounding synchronous digital logic circuits. A novel approach for synchronization is leveraged based on domino logic. The principal advantage of utilizing analog neurons within an overall digital system design is to ensure efficiency in size and power consumption. Energy per spike was determined to be 20 fJ, based on Cadence Spectre simulations of the proposed domino-based neural circuit.
Black holes made easy

Black Holes: The Membrane Paradigm. Edited by Kip S. Thorne, Richard H. Price andDouglas A. Macdonald. Yale University Press: 1986. Pp.367. Hbk $37.50, £37.50; pbk $12.95, £9.95.
Generating the Data for Analyzing the Effects of Interprofessional Teams for Improving Triple Aim Outcomes

In this chapter we describe the creation of a data repository, the National Center Data Repository (NCDR) and a national network of performance sites generating that data, the National Innovation Network (NIN) for the National Center for Interprofessional Practice and Education (hereafter the National Center). We describe the raison d’etre, characteristics, and ecosystem of the NIN-NCDR. The need for rigorously produced, scientifically sound evidence regarding interprofessional collaborative practice and education (IPE) and whether or not it has the capacity to positively affect the patient experience of care, the health of populations, and the per capita cost of healthcare (Triple Aim) underscored the need for the creation of the NIN-NCDR. Among other things, the NIN-NCDR is an attempt to realize a higher level of analysis of healthcare outcomes as these relate to IPE by creating the capacity to search, aggregate, and cross-reference large data sets focused on IPE related interventions. The endeavor of creating the NIN-NCDR was infused with interprofessional and cross-disciplinary energy and influences from a number of health professions. The principal creators represented medicine, education, nursing, informatics, health economics, program evaluation, public health, and epidemiology. The multiple perspectives and mix of input from many different health professions has proven to be invaluable.
Association of Burnout With Emotional Intelligence and Personality in Surgical Residents: Can We Predict Who Is Most at Risk?

Objectives Burnout is common among surgical residents and may be related to personality characteristics, emotional intelligence (EI), or work experiences. Design Longitudinal cohort study over 1 year. Setting Tertiary academic medical centers in the Northeast. Participants All general surgery residents in 2 programs (n = 143) were invited to complete an electronic survey at 3 time points; 88, 64, and 69 residents completed the survey (overall response rate 52%). Results Severe burnout was observed in 51% of residents (n = 41). Higher scores were associated with female sex (p = 0.02). Burnout scores were highest at the beginning and end of the academic year; EI and personality scores remained stable. On bivariate analysis, high EI score (p Conclusions Surgical residents have high levels of burnout. Higher EI and positive work experiences are associated with lower burnout. Focused interventions to improve EI and optimize the work environment may prevent or lessen burnout.
In Situ Benthic Nutrient Flux and Sediment Oxygen Demand in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey

ABSTRACT Wilson, T. and DePaul, V., 2017. In situ benthic nutrient flux and sediment oxygen demand in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. In: Buchanan, G.A.; Belton, T.J., and Paudel, B. (eds.), A Comprehensive Assessment of Barnegat Bay-Little Egg Harbor, New Jersey. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, measured sediment oxygen demand (SOD) and benthic nutrient fluxes throughout Barnegat Bay, New Jersey. SOD was determined in situ using chambers equipped with optical dissolved oxygen sensors. The benthic nutrient fluxes of ammonia (NH3), nitrite + nitrate ( plus ions; here, referred to as NO32), soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP), and dissolved silica (SiO2) were measured with in situ equilibrium dialysis samplers. Measurements were made at nine stations around the periphery and at three mid-Bay locations from August 2012 to October 2013. The SOD ranged from −1.5 to −8.4 g of oxygen (O2) m−2 d−1. The SOD rates varied as a function of water temperatu...
How Do Elements Really Factor in \(\mathbb {Z}[\sqrt{-5}]\)?

Most undergraduate level abstract algebra texts use \(\mathbb {Z}[\sqrt{-5}]\) as an example of an integral domain which is not a unique factorization domain (or UFD) by exhibiting two distinct irreducible factorizations of a nonzero element. But such a brief example, which requires merely an understanding of basic norms, only scratches the surface of how elements actually factor in this ring of algebraic integers. We offer here an interactive framework which shows that while \(\mathbb {Z}[\sqrt{-5}]\) is not a UFD, it does satisfy a slightly weaker factorization condition, known as half-factoriality. The arguments involved revolve around the Fundamental Theorem of Ideal Theory in algebraic number fields.
One-dimensional Data

This chapter introduces the Java class P0D used for storing one-dimensional numerical data. This class goes beyond simple general-purpose arrays, vectors and lists from the native Java platform. This chapter also discusses how to fill such data container in the most efficient way, how to generate statistical summaries and file input and output.
Gender, age and differences in stem cell expression and efficacy

Regenerative Medicine holds the promise of an endless supply of replacement cells tissues and organs To fully realize the potential of Regenerative Medicine it is now time to gain a better understanding of the effect of cells in different patient cohorts Two important differences in patient cohorts are their gender and age This mini review will briefly discuss the effects of age and gender on the expression patterns of cells and their relative ability to regenerating tissues nbsp These two factors could play a critical role in the efficacy of cell therapy Thus approaches in these cohorts may need to be modified accordingly
Introduction of Government Process Modeling with Rockwell Arena Software

Students in a core Master’s of Public Administration (MPA) course were taught to model and simulate selected business processes of government agencies and nonprofits with Rockwell Arena software. E...
Electrical and Photoluminescence Properties of Be-Implanted GaAs and GaAs0.62P0.38

Photoluminescence and electrical measurements on Be-implanted GaAs and GaAsl-xPx (x ≃ 0.38) indicate excellent impurity activation and lattice reordering after room temperature implantation and suitable annealing. From detailed luminescence measurements, the ionization energy of Be is estimated to be 28.4 meV in GaAs and 35 ± 3 meV in GaAs0.62P0.38. Luminescence and electrical measurements indicate that Si3N4 is a much better encapsulant than SiO2 for GaAs, whereas the two encapsulants produce equivalent results for GaAsl-xPx.
Consent to Medical Research on Children

It is widely believed, at least it is often said, that it is morally wrong to subject any human being to medical research without his or her free informed consent. Precisely why this is, or even might be, wrong remains something of a mystery because most of the rapidly growing literature dealing with consent in medical ethics is more concerned with the application of this requirement to problematic cases than with its theoretical justification. As long as the general principle that consent to medical research is morally necessary remains virtually unquestioned, it may be imagined that any inquiry into its justification would be an idle exercise in theoretical speculation. I suggest, on the contrary, that we would have a much better understanding of when and how the principle of consent applies in practice if we had a better grasp of the reasons that lie behind that principle in the first place.
Crystal structures of 2-bromo-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa-methyl-2-(tri-methyl-sil-yl)tris-ilane and 2-bromo-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa-isopropyl-2-(triiso-propyl-sil-yl)tri-silane.

The synthesis and crystal structures of two tris­(tri­alkyl­sil­yl)silyl bromide compounds, C9H27BrSi4 (I, HypSiBr) and C27H63BrSi4 (II, TipSiBr), are described. Compound I was prepared in 85% yield by free-radical bromination of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­methyl-2-(tri­methyl­sil­yl)tris­ilane using bromo­butane and 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl­propio­nitrile) as a radical initiator at 333 K. The mol­ecule possesses threefold rotational symmetry, with the central Si atom and the Br atom being located on the threefold rotation axis. The Si—Br bond distance is 2.2990 (12) A and the Si—Si bond lengths are 2.3477 (8) A. The Br—Si—Si bond angles are 104.83 (3)° and the Si—Si—Si bond angles are 113.69 (2)°, reflecting the steric hindrance inherent in the three tri­methyl­silyl groups attached to the central Si atom. Compound II was prepared in 55% yield by free-radical bromination of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexa­isopropyl-2-(triiso­propyl­sil­yl)tris­ilane using N-bromo­succinimide and 2,2′-azobis(2-methyl­propio­nitrile) as a radical initiator at 353 K. Here the Si—Br bond length is 2.3185 (7) A and the Si—Si bond lengths range from 2.443 (1) to 2.4628 (9) A. The Br—Si—Si bond angles range from 98.44 (3) to 103.77 (3)°, indicating steric hindrance between the three triiso­propyl­silyl groups.
Comparison of common machine learning models for classification of tuberculosis using transcriptional biomarkers from integrated datasets

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) is a top-10 cause of death worldwide, and new diagnostics are a key element of the World Health Organization’s End TB strategy. Significant research efforts have gone into trying to identify a transcriptional signature from patient blood in order to diagnose TB, but a consistent signature for heterogeneous populations has remained elusive. In this work, we propose a data analysis framework which directly integrates multiple publicly-available expression array datasets in order to identify a more reliable gene signature for the diagnosis of TB. The proposed method was built using 4 distinct datasets spanning a total of 1164 samples and 4 countries. The performance and selected gene features of three different machine learning classifiers were compared in the context of this multi-cohort framework. A Random Forest classifier provided the best classification results, with an AUC of 0.8646 in our validation data. Gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the selected gene features across the three models are all related to immunological processes.
Highly sensitive electrochemical analysis of tunnel structured MnO2 nanoparticle-based sensors on the oxidation of nitrite

Abstract Three MnO2 nanoparticles with different tunnel structures, α-, β-, and γ-MnO2, were synthesized and characterized. We demonstrated and compared their capabilities on the electrochemical oxidation of nitrite, providing a new perspective for MnO2 or MnO2 based materials on sensing application. α-MnO2 exhibited higher electrochemical reactivity than β- or γ-MnO2, which was ascribed to its higher conductivity, more exposure to MnO6 edges, longer average Mn O bond length, and lower Mn average oxidation state(AOS). We hereby reported the first α-MnO2 nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensor for nitrite sensing. A highly controlled micro-plotter was used to deposit the MnO2 nanoparticles for the sensor fabrication, providing a micro-pattern of the sensing surface area of MnO2 and ensuring the reproducibility and sensitivity of this MnO2 based sensor. Using differential pulse voltammetry, a detection range of 10–800 μM of nitrite was accomplished along with a sensitivity of 17.1 μA μM−1 and a detection limit of 0.5 μM.
Deferring Uhuru: Decolonization and the Coming of the Global Wildlife Preservation Movement

This chapter explores the return of wildlife preservationists, now international rather than imperial, during the 1950s and 1960s, as they combined narratives of racial paranoia with notions of global trusteeship over African wildlife. The postwar proliferation of global institutions—conservation-minded ones among them—created a new constituency for wildlife amidst decolonization. This timing coincided with a violent anti-colonial struggle in Kenya, used by preservationists to support their arguments about African avarice, and by wildlife managers to hone militaristic anti-poaching methods. The alliance of local preservationists and international advocates sought to internationalize Africa’s wildlife. The College of African Wildlife Management (CAWM) in Tanzania, created to prolong preservationists’ influence after decolonization, was simultaneously embraced by African nationalists as a mechanism for driving the Africanization of their new nations.
Employer Neutrality as Hot Cargo: Thoughts on the Making of National Labor Policy

The General Counsel of the NLRB has drawn to his office any charge that an employer and a union has agreed that the employer would require businesses it "owns or does business with" to observe neutrality in the event of union organizing. The General Counsel believes such agreements are to be challenged under section 8(e) of the Act, the so-called "hot cargo" clause. This article argues that the literal application of 8(e) assumed by the General Counsel is not warranted: that that section, which has not been read literally in other applications, should not be read literally here; that the contemporary context of global economic interdependence, evidenced in corporate codes and international union federation "framework agreements" requiring contractors to support unionization, demands a non-literal application; and, that the consequence of literalism would partially blunt the forging of progressive union-community alliances, a element of civil society needful in a globalizing economy. In fine, the article argues that: (1) the NLRB's role in fashioning national labor policy consistent with the organic stature requires it to be responsive to change in the economic, social, and legal world it regulates; and, (2) these changed circumstances of the Act's application, not contemplated when § 8(e) was enacted nearly fifty years ago, militate against a literal application to neutrality agreements governing a business' contractors.
Physician-driven variation in non-recommended imaging for women with early stage breast cancer.

6507 Background: Some women at low risk for metastasis receive imaging for staging of early breast cancer, despite ASCO Choosing Wisely recommendations and NCCN guidelines supporting the contrary. ...
Smart Home Technology Diffusion in a Living Laboratory

Smart home products continue to rise in popularity but have yet to achieve widespread adoption. There is little research on how the general population perceives benefits of different smart home dev...
Deletion of the SPARC acidic domain, but not the EGF-like module, affects SPARC-regulated proliferation and signaling through Hsp27 activation

LB-35 Secreted Protein Acidic Rich in Cysteine (SPARC) is highly expressed in all grades of astrocytoma. We have previously shown that SPARC increases glioma invasion, while suppressing tumor growth. It is thought that these functions may be independently regulated by different domains within SPARC. To gain insight into these functions, deletion mutant constructs were created. SPARC is composed of an N-terminal acidic domain, a follistatin-like domain, containing an Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)-like module, and a C-terminal extracellular calcium binding (EC) domain. This study focuses on the acidic domain and the EGF-like module, to determine whether either region contributes to the effects of SPARC on cell proliferation (growth curves and signaling through ERK1/2 and AKT), and/or cell migration (p38 MAPK/Hsp27 pathway). The deletion constructs, lacking either the acidic domain or the EGF-like module, were created from a parental vector encoding SPARC with a C-terminal Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) tag. U87 cells were stably transfected with GFP vector, SPARC-GFP, or either of the deletion mutants. Clones were selected and expression and intracellular localization were determined by fluorescence imaging. The expression levels and secretion of each of the constructs were determined by Western blot analysis. Like wildtype SPARC, the intracellular localization for both constructs is perinuclear. Both mutants are secreted and are at the expected size on Western blot, which indicates that they are being expressed and processed normally. To assess the effects on proliferation, growth curves were generated by counting viable cells (trypan exclusion) on days 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8. By day 8, cells expressing the EGF-like module-deletion construct showed a decrease in proliferation compared to control cells (p
Hydrodynamics of the bladderwort feeding strike.

The aquatic bladderwort Utricularia gibba captures zooplankton in mechanically triggered underwater traps. With characteristic dimensions <1 mm, the trapping structures are among the smallest known that work by suction-a mechanism that would not be effective in the creeping-flow regime. To understand the adaptations that make suction feeding possible on this small scale, we have measured internal flow speeds during artificially triggered feeding strikes in the absence of prey. These data are compared with complementary analytical models of the suction event: an inviscid model of the jet development in time and a steady-state model incorporating friction. The initial dynamics are well described by a time-dependent Bernoulli equation in which the action of the trap door is represented by a step increase in driving pressure. According to this model, the observed maximum flow speed (5.2 m/s) depends only on the pressure difference, whereas the initial acceleration (3 × 104 m/s2 ) is determined by pressure difference and channel length. Because the terminal speed is achieved quickly (~0.2 ms) and the channel is short, the remainder of the suction event (~2.0 ms) is effectively an undeveloped viscous steady state. The steady-state model predicts that only 17% of power is lost to friction. The energy efficiency and steady-state fluid speed decrease rapidly with decreasing channel diameter, setting a lower limit on practical bladderwort size.
Utility of a Peer Teaching Mentor to Graduate Teaching Assistants.

AbstractWhen appropriately trained and supported, graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) can be an invaluable resource to the academic community, energizing an institution’s teaching culture, and lead...
Exogenous supplementation of antithrombin III in adult and pediatric patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Background:Antithrombin III deficiency can occur with heparin anticoagulation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation leading to heparin resistance. Antithrombin III supplementation has been sho...
Generally Stressed Out Bacteria: Environmental Stress Response Mechanisms in Gram-Positive Bacteria

The ability to monitor the environment for toxic chemical and physical disturbances is essential for bacteria that live in dynamic environments. The fundamental sensing mechanisms and physiological responses that allow bacteria to thrive are conserved even if the molecular components of these pathways are not. The bacterial general stress response (GSR) represents a conceptual model for how one pathway integrates a wide range of environmental signals, and how a generalized system with broad molecular responses is coordinated to promote survival likely through complementary pathways. Environmental stress signals such as heat, osmotic stress, and pH changes are received by sensor proteins that through a signaling cascade activate the sigma factor, SigB, to regulate over 200 genes. Additionally, the GSR plays an important role in stress priming that increases bacterial fitness to unrelated subsequent stressors such as oxidative compounds. While the GSR response is implicated during oxidative stress, the reason for its activation remains unknown and suggests crosstalk between environmental and oxidative stress sensors and responses to coordinate antioxidant functions. Systems levels studies of cellular responses such as transcriptomes, proteomes, and metabolomes of stressed bacteria and single-cell analysis could shed light into the regulated functions that protect, remediate, and minimize damage during dynamic environments. This perspective will focus on fundamental stress sensing mechanisms and responses in Gram-positive bacterial species to illustrate their commonalities at the molecular and physiological levels; summarize exciting directions; and highlight how system-level approaches can help us understand bacterial physiology.
L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt Supplementation in ADHD: An Open-Label Pilot Study.

Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is estimated to affect up to 5% of adults worldwide. Preclinical work demonstrates that L-Threonic Acid Magnesium Salt (LTAMS) administrat...
Dual growing rod technique for the treatment of scoliosis in children

Objective To determine the safety and effectiveness of the dual growing rod technique in achieving and maintaining scoliosis correction while allowing spinal growth. Methods From 2004 to 2008, 12 patients underwent dual growing rod procedures, 1 with pediatric Isola instrumentation, 11 with the special instrumentation system designed by ourselves. The system consists of two rods and a Domino connector. Diagnoses included congenital in 10 cases, neuromuscular in 1 case, and infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis in 1 case. Two of the 12 children shifted from single to Dual Growing Rod Technique, the other 10 underwent Dual Growing Rod Technique at the beginning. The instrumentation systems were lengthened in a period of 9-12 months. They were followed up for 1 to 4 years. Results The mean seoliosis improved from 73 (range, 52-150 ) to 39 (range, 25-76 ) and T1-S1 length increased 47.6 mm(28. 2-52.3 mm) after initial surgery. The number of lengthening was from 1-4 times, with an interval of 9-16 months and length increasing 1.5-3. 0 cm. During the treatment period, complications occurred in 2 of the 12 patients (17%), Rod released in one patient and one got skin abrasions. Conclusions The dual growing rod technique is safe and effective. It maintains correction obtained at initial surgery while allowing spinal growth to continue. It provides adequate stability, increases the strength of extension of spine, and has an acceptable rate of complication. However, eleven patients in this group are still in the treatment, so the follow up are needed. Key words: Scoliosis; Orthopedic equipment
Sack, W. (2019). the Software Arts : Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 376 pp. $25.00, ISBN: 978-0-262-03970-3

The last decade has seen the debate on education turn ugly. There has been a focused push away from history and literature toward STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) training in primar...
The Mound Builder Myth: Fake History and the Hunt for a 'Lost White Race'

Review of: The Mound Builder Myth: Fake History and the Hunt for a 'Lost White Race', by Jason Colavito
Radiotherapy-Specific Chronic Pain Syndromes in the Cancer Population: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review

While radiation therapy is increasingly utilized in the treatment paradigm of many solid cancers, the chronic effects of radiation therapies are poorly characterized. Notably, understanding radiation-specific chronic pain syndromes is paramount given that the diagnosis and management of these conditions can serve to prevent long-standing functional impairments, optimize quality of life, and even allow for continued radiotherapy candidacy. These radiation-specific chronic pain phenomena include dermatitis, mucositis, enteritis, connective tissue fibrosis, lymphedema, and neuropathic pain syndromes. It is necessary to maintain a low threshold of suspicion for appropriately diagnosing these conditions as there exists a variance in when these symptoms arise after radiation. However, we present key epidemiological data delineating vulnerable cancer populations for each pain syndrome along with the available evidence for the management for each specific condition.
Towards Artificial Social Intelligence: Inherent Features, Individual Differences, Mental Models, and Theory of Mind

We discuss the potential for near-future artificial social intelligences (ASIs) to exhibit functional artificial theory of mind in a video-game based teaming scenario. We also describe the impact of individual differences on mental model formation and mental state development. We focus on the possibility for an ASI to develop profiles of human agents by eliciting or observing a range of information which may influence their counterpart’s behavior during a novel task. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this approach for integrating methods from the cognitive and social sciences in development of ASI.
Multilevel secure data stream processing: Architecture and implementation

The proliferation of sensors and mobile devices and their connectedness to the network have given rise to numerous types of situation monitoring applications. Data Stream Management Systems DSMSs have been proposed to address the data processing needs of such applications that require collection of high-speed data, computing results on-the-fly, and taking actions in real-time. Although a lot of work appears in the area of DSMS, not much has been done in multilevel secure MLS DSMS making the technology unsuitable for highly sensitive applications, such as battlefield monitoring. An MLS--DSMS should ensure the absence of illegal information flow in a DSMS and more importantly provide the performance needed to handle continuous queries. We illustrate why the traditional DSMSs cannot be used for processing multilevel secure continuous queries and discuss various DSMS architectures for processing such queries. We implement one such architecture and demonstrate how it processes continuous queries. In order to provide better quality of service and memory usage in a DSMS, we show how continuous queries submitted by various users can be shared. We provide experimental evaluations to demonstrate the performance benefits achieved through query sharing.
Tapered Roller Bearing Torque Characteristics with Emphasis on Rib-Roller End Contact

Caracteristiques de couple des roulements a rouleaux coniques en tenant compte du contact entre les rouleaux et les epaulements des bagues
Methanococcus jannaschii Flap Endonuclease: Expression, Purification, and Substrate Requirements

ABSTRACT The flap endonuclease (FEN) of the hyperthermophilic archaeonMethanococcus jannaschii was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. FEN retained activity after preincubation at 95°C for 15 min. A pseudo-Y-shaped substrate was formed by hybridization of two partially complementary oligonucleotides. FEN cleaved the strand with the free 5′ end adjacent to the single-strand–duplex junction. Deletion of the free 3′ end prevented cleavage. Hybridization of a complementary oligonucleotide to the free 3′ end moved the cleavage site by 1 to 2 nucleotides. Hybridization of excess complementary oligonucleotide to the free 5′ end failed to block cleavage, although this substrate was refractory to cleavage by the 5′-3′ exonuclease activity of Taq DNA polymerase. For verification, the free 5′ end was replaced by an internally labeled hairpin structure. This structure was a substrate for FEN but became a substrate for Taq DNA polymerase only after exonucleolytic cleavage had destabilized the hairpin. A circular duplex substrate with a 5′ single-stranded branch was formed by primer extension of a partially complementary oligonucleotide on virion φX174. This denaturation-resistant substrate was used to examine the effects of temperature and solution properties, such as pH, salt, and divalent ion concentration on the turnover number of the enzyme.
The Structure of Automorphism Groups of Cayley Graphs and Maps

The automorphism groups i>Aut(i>C(i>G, i>X)) and i>Aut(i>CM(i>G, i>X, i>p)) of a Cayley graph i>C(i>G, i>X) and a Cayley map i>CM(i>G, i>X, i>p) both contain an isomorphic copy of the underlying group i>G acting via left translations. In our paper, we show that both automorphism groups are rotary extensions of the group i>G by the stabilizer subgroup of the vertex 1i>G. We use this description to derive necessary and sufficient conditions to be satisfied by a finite group in order to be the (full) automorphism group of a Cayley graph or map and classify all the finite groups that can be represented as the (full) automorphism group of some Cayley graph or map.
Spatial Distribution of Potentiated Synapses in Hippocampus: Dependence on Cellular Mechanisms and Network Properties

Long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission, studied intensively in reduced brain preparations such as hippocampal brain slices, is the leading candidate for the cellular/molecular basis of learning and memory. Serious consideration of LTP as underlying information storage in the intact brain, however, requires understanding how LTP can be induced selectively at specific synaptic sites in a neural system when the mechanisms underlying LTP are regulated by other structural and functional properties of the same neural system. In the studies reported here, we tested the hypothesis that different patterns of activity within the same population of entorhinal cortical afferents could lead to a selective potentiation of spatially distinct populations of synapses across different regions of the hippocampus, including those activated multisynaptically. We focused specifically on potentiation of direct, monosynaptic entorhinal input to dentate granule cells, which expresses an NMDA receptor-dependent LTP, and on potentiation of indirect, disynaptic entorhinal input to CA3 pyramidal cells, which is transmitted by the mossy fiber projection of dentate granule cells and expresses an NMDA receptor-independent LTP. The principal findings of these experiments show that lower stimulation frequencies (10–20 Hz) of entorhinal cortical axons selectively induce LTP of mossy fiber input to CA3 transsynaptically via excitation of dentate granule cells, and that patterns of stimulation of that mimic neuronal firing in the entorhinal cortex during endogenous theta rhythm (five-impulse bursts at 200 Hz, interburst intervals of 200 msec) induce LTP both monosynaptically for input to dentate granule cells and transsynaptically for mossy fiber input to CA3.
A Framework for Evaluating the Impact of Pricing Policies for Cocoa and Coffee in Côte d'Ivoire

This article presents an approach to evaluating pricing policies for perennial crops. A flexible computational model is developed, which incorporates important features of perennial crop production that are not captured by other (usually static) frameworks. This framework produces sensible and plausible scenarios for pricing cocoa and coffee in Cote d'Ivoire, as well as descriptions of revenue tradeoffs. Key issues arise from considering major changes in the rules used to set domestic producer prices. An unambiguously best policy is not determined, but several policies improve substantially on the present situation. Most of these alternatives indicate the desirability of lowering the tax on coffee relative to cocoa.
Nematode burdens and cellular responses in the abomasal mucosa and blood of Florida Native, Rambouillet and crossbreed lambs

This experiment was carried out to compare the worm burden and cellular responses in the abomasal mucosa and blood of Florida Native and Rambouillet lambs and also in animals produced by crosses of these two breeds (generations F1 and F2). Animals were exposed to infection by gastrointestinal nematodes on three different occasions. The first infection was natural, occurring while they were suckling lambs. After weaning, they were kept indoors for 53 days and then were allowed to graze a contaminated pasture for 50 days for a second natural infection. The third infection was an artificial challenge with 6000 Haemonchus contortus infective larvae. The highest mean fecal egg counts (FEC) values were found in Rambouillet lambs followed in decreasing order by F1, F2 and Florida Native lambs. Throughout the trial, most of the high mean packed cell volumes and plasma protein levels were recorded in the F2 lambs; in contrast, most of the low values were found in the Rambouillet lambs. During the natural infection period, the highest percentages of larvae in the fecal cultures of the lambs were Haemonchus. However, high percentages of Trichostrongylus larvae were found particularly in Florida Native lambs. The mean number of blood eosinophils increased after the artificial challenge, reached a peak 21 days after infection and then declined. The highest and lowest blood eosinophil means were recorded in F2 and Florida Native lambs, respectively. The H. contortus burden was significantly higher in Rambouillet and in F1 lambs than in Florida Native and F2 lambs (p 0.05). The highest correlation coefficient recorded at the end of this study was between FEC and worm burden (r = 0.7). These two parameters showed a moderate negative correlation with PCV, plasma protein and mast cell counts in the abomasal mucosa. The results obtained in this study indicate that crossbreeding Florida Native and Rambouillet sheep can be a rapid way to combine and improve the characteristics of these two breeds. The parasitological results were promising, however, more studies will be necessary to verify the impact of crossbreeding in other traits.
Optical manipulation of lipid and polymer nanotubes with optical tweezers

Using optical tweezers and microfluidics, we stretch either the lipid or polymer membranes of liposomes or polymersomes, respectively, into long nanotubes. The membranes can be grabbed directly with the optical tweezers to produce sub-micron diameter tubes that are several hundred microns in length. We can stretch tubes up to a centimeter in length, limited only by the travel of our microscope stage. We also demonstrate the cross linking of a pulled polymer nanotube.
Stress response to laparoscopic liver resection

Background: The magnitude of the systemic response is proportional to the degree of surgical trauma. Much has been reported in the literature comparing metabolic and immune responses, analgesia use, or length of hospital stay between laparoscopic and open procedures. In particular, metabolic and immune responses are represented by measuring various chemical mediators as stress responses. Laparoscopic procedures are associated with reduced operative trauma compared with open procedures, resulting in lower systemic response. As a result, laparoscopic procedures are now well accepted for both benign and malignant processes. Laparoscopic liver resection, specifically, is employed for symptomatic and some malignant tumors, following improvements in diagnostic accuracy, laparoscopic devices, and techniques. However, laparoscopic liver resection is still controversial in malignant disease because of complex anatomy, the technical difficulty of the procedure, and questionable indications. There are few reports describing the stress responses associated with laparoscopic liver resection, even though many studies reviewing stress responses have been performed recently in both humans and animal models comparing laparoscopic to conventional open surgery. Although this review examines stress response after laparoscopic liver resection in both an animal and human clinical model, further controlled randomized studies with additional investigations of immunologic parameters are needed to demonstrate the consequences of either minimally invasive surgery or open procedures on perioperative or postoperative stress responses for laparoscopic liver resection.
Sharing of an idiotypic marker by monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct regions of hen lysozyme.

Sharing of an idiotypic marker by monoclonal antibodies specific for distinct regions of hen lysozyme
Mapping the cancer genome

‘‘I f we wish to learn more about cancer, we must now concentrate on the cellular genome.” Nobel laureate Renato Dulbecco penned those words more than 20 years ago in one of the earliest public calls for what would become the Human Genome Project. “We are at a turning point,” Dulbecco, a pioneering cancer researcher, declared in 1986 in the journal Science. Discoveries in preceding years had made clear that much of the deranged behavior of cancer cells stemmed from damage to their genes and alterations in their functioning. “We have two options,” he wrote. “Either try to discover the genes important in malignancy by a piecemeal approach, or ... sequence the whole genome.” Dulbecco and others in the scientific community grasped that sequencing the human genome, though a monumental achievement itself, would mark just the first step of the quest to fully understand the biology of cancer. With the complete sequence of nucleotide bases in normal human DNA in hand, scientists would then need to classify the wide array of human genes according to their function—which in turn could reveal their roles in cancer. Over the span of two decades Dulbecco’s vision has moved from pipe dream to reality. Less than three years after the Human Genome Project’s completion, the National Institutes of Health has officially launched the pilot stage of an effort to create a comprehensive catalogue of the genomic changes involved in cancer: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The main reason to pursue this next ambitious venture in large-scale biology with great urgency is cancer’s terrible toll on humankind. Every day more than 1,500 Americans die from cancer—about one person every minute. As the U.S. population ages, this rate is expected to rise significantly in the years ahead unless investigators find ways to accelerate the identification of new vulnerabilities within cancerous cells and develop novel strategies for attacking those targets. Still, however noble the intent, it takes more than a desire to ease human suffering to justify a research enterprise of this magnitude. When applied to the 50 most common types of cancer, this effort could ultimately prove to be the equivalent of more than 10,000 Human Genome Projects in terms of the sheer volume of DNA to be sequenced. The dream must therefore be matched with an ambitious but realistic assessment of the emerging scientific opportunities for waging a smarter war against cancer. By Francis S. Collins and Anna D. Barker MAPPING THE CANCER GENOME
The impact of international migration on Venezuelan demographic and social structure.

The "Brain Drain" or the migration of higher status persons such as scientists doctors and engineers to a country which is "more developed than their country of origin is the one component of international migration which is receiving some research attention. These studies have generally found that high- income countries such as the United States Canada and Great Britain are the major recipients of brain drain migration. However not all emigration from low- income countries fits the brain drain model. In several sending countries such as Algeria Jamaica the Philippines Mexico and the Dominican Republic unskilled migrants are included in the emigration stream. In view of the continued importance of international migration for countries of varying levels of economic development further research on the demographic economic and social implications of such movements should be undertaken. This paper will attempt to contribute to this understanding by accomplishing two tasks. First the theoretical implications of international migration in low-income countries will be reviewed in order to identify the likely impact of either a policy of immigration or emigration. Second the Venezuelan immigration during the 1940’s and 1950’s will be examined in order to identify the sources of support for the immigration policy; the ethic demographic and social composition of the immigrants; and their location in the Venezuelan social structure. (excerpt)
Capillary wave propagation at an interfacial stagnation line

Abstract Capillary waves can be generated upstream from an interfacial stagnation line in laminar jet and falling film flows. These waves appear to be stationary in time to a fixed observer, but in fact have a nonzero phase velocity and propagate upstream with respect to the fluid. The occurrence and properties of these capillary waves are described by a linear stability analysis. Wavelength data for water and three glycerol solutions compare favorably with the model predictions. The wavenumber of the capillary waves is seen to increase with increasing Reynolds number and decreasing surface tension group. The fact that these waves can be observed only over a narrow Reynolds number range, which is dependent on the surface tension group, suggests a strategy for avoiding the deleterious effects of these waves in film coating and metering processes.
Graphical Facial Expression Analysis and Design Method: An Approach to Determine Humanoid Skin Deformation

The architecture of human face is complex consisting of 268 voluntary muscles that perform coordinated action to create real-time facial expression. In order to replicate facial expression on humanoid face by utilizing discrete actuators, the first and foremost step is the identification of a pair of origin and sinking points (SPs). In this paper, we address this issue and present a graphical analysis technique that could be used to design expressive robotic faces. The underlying criterion in the design of faces being deformation of a soft elastomeric skin through tension in anchoring wires attached on one end to the skin through the sinking point and the other end to the actuator. The paper also addresses the singularity problem of facial control points and important phenomena such as slacking of actuators. Experimental characterization on a prototype humanoid face was performed to validate the model and demonstrate the applicability on a generic platform.
The amorphous component of keratohyalin granules.

Keratohyalin granules were isolated from the newborn rat epidermis in an effort to study the chemical nature of their major amorphous component. Electron microscopy showed that filaments and ribosomes which may be incorporated into the granules in situ were removed during the isolation procedure and the remaining amorphous component consisted of an accumulation of 50–100 A particles. The amorphous component could be solubilized in borate buffer pH 9.6 containing 0.04 M dithiothreitol and recovered by precipitation at pH 4.5. After spreading and drying the solubilized material on carbon-coated grids, 50–250 A particles were observed in the electron microscope. Similar particles were also seen in the pH 4.5 precipitate. Analyses of the pH 4.5 precipitate showed that it consisted mainly of protein; lipid and carbohydrate were present in small amounts. Amino acid analyses gave high values for halfcystine and proline residues and low values for histidine residues. Lipid was separable into phospholipid, cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. Carbohydrate was present as glucose; RNA was not detectable.