cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A knowledge management system for disseminating semi-structured information in a worldwide university

Clearly setting and communicating educational expectations among a group of faculty members is a highly challenging task. Given a worldwide university environment this task is significantly more challenging than in a single campus institution. We report on a knowledge management system to capture and convey course and program details, as well as human expertise based on many years of instructor experience. This system significantly aids the educational process and enables consistent material to be delivered throughout the world. Moreover, the system enables faculty members to be given clear expectations, thus permitting instructors to set personal and collective goals. The paper describes documents contained in the knowledge management system including a dasiasyllabus prototypepsila and a dasiafaculty course guidepsila in which instructor expertise is captured. Through this system, all documents can be readily disseminated worldwide. The system also provides a dasiasyllabus collector,psila and dasiaassessment toolpsila designed to record information regarding a specific course offering. This technology enables a feedback loop for gathering and analyzing data, and incorporating findings back into the program. Regular audits can also be conducted, further ensuring the consistency and standards of our programs. The contribution that the system has made to the success of our programs is discussed.
Recovery of dairy manure nutrients by benthic freshwater algae

Harnessing solar energy to grow algal biomass on wastewater nutrients could provide a holistic solution to nutrient management problems on dairy farms. The production of algae from a portion of manure nutrients to replace high-protein feed supplements which are often imported (along with considerable nutrients) onto the farm could potentially link consumption and supply of onfarm nutrients. The objective of this research was to assess the ability of benthic freshwater algae to recover nutrients from dairy manure and to evaluate nutrient uptake rates and dry matter/crude protein yields in comparison to a conventional cropping system. Benthic algae growth chambers were operated in semi-batch mode by continuously recycling wastewater and adding manure inputs daily. Using total nitrogen (TN) loading rates of 0:64–1: 03gm � 2 d � 1 , the dried algal yields were 5:3–5: 5gm � 2 d � 1 . The dried algae contained 1.5–2.1% P and 4.9–7.1% N. At a TN loading rate of 1: 03gm � 2 d � 1 , algal biomass contained 7.1% N compared to only 4.9% N at a TN loading rate of 0:64 g m � 2 d � 1 . In the best case, algal biomass had a crude protein content of 44%, compared to a typical corn silage protein content of 7%. At a dry matter yield of 5: 5gm � 2 d � 1 , this is equivalent to an annual N uptake rate of 1430kg ha � 1 yr � 1 . Compared to a conventional corn/rye rotation, such benthic algae production rates would require 26% of the land area requirements for equivalent N uptake rates and 23% of the land area requirements on a P uptake basis. Combining conventional cropping systems with an algal treatment system could facilitate more efficient crop production and farm nutrient management, allowing dairy operations to be environmentally sustainable on fewer acres. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Principles to Guide the Development of Population Health Incentives

Improving population health is not simple. Many instruments are available for changing behavior and consequent outcomes. However, the following basic principles should guide development of any incentive arrangement: 1) identify the desired outcome, 2) identify the behavior change that will lead to this outcome, 3) determine the potential effectiveness of the incentive in achieving the behavior change, 4) link a financial incentive directly to this outcome or behavior, 5) identify the possible adverse effects of the incentive, and 6) evaluate and report changes in the behavior or outcome in response to the incentive. A wide range of financial and nonfinancial incentives is available to encourage efficient behaviors and discourage costly and unproductive ones. Evidence for the beneficial effects of incentive programs has been slow to emerge, partly because such evidence must show how behaviors have changed because of the incentive. Nevertheless, the potential for incentive programs in health care seems large, and research should support their design and assess their effect.
Influence of Diphenylhydantoin on Electrophysiological Properties of the Canine Heart

These studies were designed to examine the electrophysiological effects of diphenylhydantoin (Dilantin) on the heart of awake dogs. Recording electrodes were implanted over the sinoatrial node, bundle of His, and right bundle branch, and studies were performed 2 to 6 weeks following recovery. Diphenylhydantoin (10 mg/kg) increased heart rate, shortened A-V conduction time and had little or no effect on conduction velocity in Purkinje tissue or total ventricular activation time. Similar effects were noted when heart rate was controlled by pacing. Following cardiac denervation, diphenylhydantoin decreased heart and prolonged A-V conduction time. It raised the threshold of atrial and ventricular muscle with no change of refractory periods. In dogs with heart block, it decreased the maximal rate at which the atria would respond to stimulation. When ventricular tachycardia was induced in dogs with heart block, by toxic doses of deslanoside, diphenylhydantoin abolished the ectopic tachycardia and restored the control rhythm.
Generation and evaluation of physically inspired synthetic mammograms

A software breast phantom, based upon a breast tissue model derived from physical properties of breast anatomy, has been developed for mammography simulation. Synthetic mammograms, obtained by applying a breast compression model and an X-ray acquisition model to the software breast phantom, were compared by quantitative and qualitative means with real mammograms at different scales. Good agreement was observed for two texture measures at a resolution of 500 /spl mu/m/pixel.
Warfarin therapy: in need of improvement after all these years.

Background: Warfarin therapy has been used clinically for over 60 years, yet continues to be problematic because of its narrow therapeutic index and large inter-individual variability in patient response. As a result, warfarin is a leading cause of serious medication-related adverse events, and its efficacy is also suboptimal. Objective: To review factors that are responsible for variable response to warfarin, including clinical, environmental, and genetic factors, and to explore some possible approaches to improving warfarin therapy. Results: Recent efforts have focused on developing dosing algorithms that included genetic information to try to improve warfarin dosing. These dosing algorithms hold promise, but have not been fully validated or tested in rigorous clinical trials. Perhaps equally importantly, adherence to warfarin is a major problem that should be addressed with innovative and cost-effective interventions. Conclusion: Additional research is needed to further test whether interventions can b...
Effects of Attribute Salience on the Consistency between Attitudes and Behavior Predictions

This research addresses the possibility that attitude expressions can be unduly influenced by attributes of the attitude object that are momentarily salient, affecting the consistency between attitudinal and/or behavioral expressions regarding the object that are reported in different contexts. Two studies examined the consistency between subjects' attitude expressions made in a specific context and their subsequent predictions of their purchase behaviors toward a product. When the attributes that were salient at attitude expression and at purchase prediction corresponded, the consistency between those judgments was much greater than when the salient attributes did not match. The studies also identified contextual factors and product characterstics that heightened the salience of certain attributes when subjects were making evaluative judgments. Furthermore, the second study demonstrated that the effect of context on attribute salience was moderated by individuals' predispositions to be influenced by situ...
Impact of an educational intervention on provider knowledge, attitudes, and comfort level regarding counseling women ages 40-49 about breast cancer screening.

BACKGROUND Mammography screening for women under the age of 50 is controversial. Groups such as the US Preventive Services Task Force recommend counseling women 40-49 years of age about mammography risks and benefits in order to incorporate the individual patient's values in decisions regarding screening. We assessed the impact of a brief educational intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of clinicians regarding breast cancer screening. METHODS The educational intervention included a review of the risks and benefits of screening, individual risk assessment, and counseling methods. Sessions were led by a physician expert in breast cancer screening. Participants were physicians and nurses in 13 US Department of Veterans Affairs primary care clinics in Alabama. Outcomes were as follows: 1) knowledge assessment of mammogram screening recommendations; 2) counseling practices on the risks and benefits of screening; and 3) comfort level with counseling about screening. Outcomes were assessed by survey before and after the intervention. RESULTS After the intervention, significant changes in attitudes about breast cancer screening were seen. There was a decrease in the percentage of participants who reported that they would screen all women ages 40-49 years (82% before the intervention, 9% afterward). There was an increase in the percentage of participants who reported that they would wait until the patient was 50 years old before beginning to screen (12% before the intervention, 38% afterward). More participants (5% before, 53% after; P<0.001) said that they would discuss the patient's preferences. Attitudes favoring discussion of screening benefits increased, though not significantly, from 94% to 99% (P=0.076). Attitudes favoring discussion of screening risks increased from 34% to 90% (P<0.001). The comfort level with discussing benefits increased from a mean of 3.8 to a mean of 4.5 (P<0.001); the comfort level with discussing screening risks increased from 2.7 to 4.3 (P<0.001); and the comfort level with discussing cancer risks and screening preferences with patients increased from 3.2 to 4.3 (P<0.001). (The comfort levels measurements were assessed by using a Likert scale, for which 1= not comfortable and 5= very comfortable.). CONCLUSION Most clinicians in the US Department of Veterans Affairs ambulatory practices in Alabama reported that they routinely discuss mammography benefits but not potential harms with patients. An educational intervention detailing recommendations and counseling methods affected the knowledge and attitudes about breast cancer screening. Participants expressed greater likelihood of discussing screening options in the future.
An Infant with Otitis Media and Abdominal Distension

The following Brief Report was written by a resident. A discussion by a member of the resident's faculty follows. We invite any resident to submit such articles, together with commentary by a faculty member.
Ocean Data Impacts in Global HYCOM

AbstractThe impact of the assimilation of ocean observations on reducing global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) 48-h forecast errors is presented. The assessment uses an adjoint-based data impact procedure that characterizes the forecast impact of every observation assimilated, and it allows the observation impacts to be partitioned by data type, geographic region, and vertical level. The impact cost function is the difference between HYCOM 48- and 72-h forecast errors computed for temperature and salinity at all model levels and grid points. It is shown that routine assimilation of large numbers of observations consistently reduces global HYCOM 48-h forecast errors for both temperature and salinity. The largest error reduction is due to the assimilation of temperature and salinity profiles from the tropical fixed mooring arrays, followed by Argo, expendable bathythermograph (XBT), and animal sensor data. On a per-observation basis, the most important global observing system is Argo. The beneficial ...
Weighing the importance of surface forcing on sea ice: a September 2007 modelling study

The sea ice minimum of September 2007 is represented in a 50-year simulation using the Los Alamos Sea Ice Model, CICE, in spite of the fact that only four atmospheric forcing fields vary interannually in the model simulation; all other atmospheric and oceanic forcing data are monthly mean climatologies. Simulation results support prior conclusions that an anomalous pressure pattern, ice-ocean albedo feedback effects on sea surface temperature, and the long-term sea ice thinning trend are primarily responsible for the sea ice minimum of 2007. In addition, the simulation indicates that cloudiness, precipitation, and other forcing quantities were of secondary importance. Here we explore the importance of applied atmospheric and oceanic surface forcing for the 2007 sea ice minimum event, along with a group of model parameterizations that control the surface radiation budget in sea ice (melt ponds). Of the oceanic forcing fields acting on sea ice, only the sea surface temperature varied interannually for simulating the 2007 event. Interannual variations of temperature and humidity play a role in the radiation balance applied at the snow and ice surface, and they both have the potential to significantly affect the ice edge. However, humidity (exclusive of clouds) is far less influential on ice volume than is air temperature. The inclusion of albedo changes due to melt ponding is also crucial for determining the radiation forcing experienced by the ice. We compare the effects of four different pond parameterizations now available in CICE for the September 2007 case, and find that while details may differ, they all are able to represent the 2007 event. The impact of feedbacks associated with the radiation balance differs among the pond simulations, presenting a key topic for future study.
Stuff and coincidence

Anyone who admits the existence of composite objects allows a certain kind of coincidence, coincidence of a thing with its parts. I argue here that a similar sort of coincidence, coincidence of a thing with the stuff that constitutes it, should be equally acceptable. Acknowledgement of this is enough to solve the traditional problem of the coincidence of a statue and the clay or bronze it is made of. In support of this, I offer some principles for the persistence of stuff that are general, not relying on the particular features of a kind of stuff in the way that principles for the persistence for a thing would. This provides a non-arbitrary grounding for stuff that is independent of the conditions on the nature and persistence of things the stuff composes. The principles also provide a general basis for responding to other questions about coincident stuff.
Mental health predictors of veterans willingness to consider research participation.

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine whether mental health factors predict Veterans’ willingness to hear about research participation opportunities. A sample of 954 Veterans completed measures to assess psychological functioning and were asked about interest in clinical research opportunities and willingness to share de-identified personal data with researchers. Of these Veterans, 75.8% were willing to listen to research opportunities at their local VA, and 100% agreed to share de-identified information. Poorer mental health correlated with a greater willingness to listen to research opportunities implying that Veterans who are experiencing a greater degree of mental health impairment may be overrepresented in clinical studies.
The effects of fetal thyroidectomy in the ovine fetus

Cerebral function and metabolism, morphology and histology of the nervous system, and lung maturity in terms of surfactant production were studied at term in five sheep fetuses thyroidectomized at gestational ages ranging from 104 to 111 days. Compared to age-matched controls, body weight (thyroidectomized animals, 2.8 +/- 0.11 kilograms; controls, 3.9 +/- 0.2 kilograms; P less than 0.0005) and brain weight (thyroidectomized animals, 43.51 +/- 1.38 grams; controls, 48.49 +/- 1.75 grams; P less than 0.05) were significantly reduced. In the nervous system, morphology, histology, brain function, and metabolism were not significantly different from those of the controls. Lung weight was less, but not significantly, and surfactant production was not deficient as compared to that of age-matched controls. The failure to find any disturbance of maturation in the brain and lungs of fetuses thyroidectomized at 104 to 111 days may be related to the relative maturity of the sheep fetus at this age.
Galaxy Groups, CDM/CHDM Cosmologies, and the Value of Ω0

We present techniques for identifying and analyzing galaxy groups and apply them to large-scale particle-mesh (PM) N-body simulations of structure formation in three Ω0 = 1 cosmological models: cold plus hot dark matter (CHDM), with Ωcold = 0.6, Ων = 0.3, and Ωbaryon = 0.1 at bias b ≡ σ−18=1.5; and two cold dark matter (CDM) models, at bias b = 1.5 and b = 1.0. Groups are identified with the adaptive friends-of-friends algorithm of Nolthenius. Our most important conclusions follow. The standard group M/L method gives Ω0 0.08 for the CfA1 survey (for redshift link parameter V5 = 350), and, applied to our Ω0 = 1 simulations, it gives Ω0 0.12 for CHDM (V5 = 350) and Ω0 0.35 for CDM (V5 = 600). This Ω bias appears to be even stronger at higher resolution. We show quantitatively how three different effects conspire to produce this large discrepancy, and we conclude that low observed Ω values need not argue for a low-Ω universe. Our preferred statistics of groups show promise in becoming powerful discriminators between Gaussian cosmological models, whose Ων differ and are robust against several methods for assigning luminosity to dark matter halos, and for merging CfA1 data. However, our latest results at higher resolution show such strong sensitivity to how massive overmergers are broken up that more reliable ways of identifying luminous galaxies within large-scale simulations will be necessary before these statistics can provide reliable discrimination. When overmergers are broken up, the median virial-to-DM mass Mvir/MDM of three-dimensional-selected groups is ~1 for all simulations. Groups with MDM > 1014 M☉ appear virialized in all simulations. We measure global (not pairwise) velocity biases bv, similar to previous studies. Within three-dimensional-selected groups, CHDM and CDM with b = 1.5 show a stronger bias of bv = 0.7-0.8, while CDM with b = 1.0 shows groups of bv 1.
Is Timing Everything? Disability Onset of Youth and Their Outcomes As Young Adults

The accumulation of human capital during childhood and adolescence greatly influences the value employers place on youth as they transition into the adult labor market. Disabilities acquired prior to adulthood have the potential to disrupt this critical human capital accumulation. This study examines how disability onset among youth affects their education and employment outcomes as young adults. We find that youth with limiting disabilities—especially mental limiting impairments—have poorer labor market and human capital outcomes than their peers without limitations. We also discover some evidence that youth with persistent or later onset disabilities have poorer outcomes than those whose disabilities dissipate as they become adults. These findings suggest that surveys targeting youth and young adults should consider including better measures of disability onset and mental impairment status to understand the disability characteristics of this population.
Arthropod Faunas of Monocultures and Polycultures in Reseeded Rangelands

Sap-feeding and predaceous arthropod faunas of forage bunchgrasses in reseeded rangeland vegetation were examined. Four major species of sap feeders were found; the major predators were spiders. Grass monoculture had very high densities of sap feeders compared with grass biculture, shrub-grass, tree-grass, and native areas; this was reflective of the large contribution from the mirids Irbisia brachycera Uhler and Conostethus americanus (Knight). They were present during the leaf stages of crested wheatgrass when it had its lowest carbohydrate root reserves. Homoptera and predator densities were not significantly related to the pattern of vegetation. The lowest number of sap-feeder species occurred in the grass monoculture, and sap-feeder faunas in this plot were dissimilar to those of all other plots. One-season dispersal experiments did not support the hypothesis that grass density caused the differences between arthropod faunas in different vegetation, whereas big sagebrush, common in reseeded pastures, repelled I. brachycera during short-term dispersal. The data indicate that reseeding to monocultures may result in high densities of Miridae during the leaf stages compared with moderate densities of Homoptera during the flower and seed stages in bicultures. The implications for pest management are discussed.
Dimethylnitrosamine and hydrazine sulfate. An analysis of combined toxicity and pathology in mice

The toxicological Interaction between hydrazine sulfate and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) was investigated for two reasons; the possible coincident exposure to chemicals in both industrial and military facilities, and because hydrazine and its derivatives may effect enzymatic oxidation oi DMN with alteration in its toxicologic and pathologic manifestations. No evidence of significant biologic interaction was observed when possible synergism or antagonism of the two compounds was investigated in random-bred Swiss mice. In DMN-treated animals given doses approaching LD50, endothelial necrosis of central and sub-lobular veins was seen with extrusion of necrotic hepatic tissue into the hepatic venous drainage system. Intrapulmonary bodies possibly derived from intrahepatic tissue are described.
Abstract CN08-01: Computerized approaches to molecularly-designed drugs and target identification for cancer prevention

In the post-genomic era, computational modeling, simulations and genomics play a critical role in the next revolution in cancer research. Computational biology is an interdisciplinary field that uses the techniques of computer science, applied mathematics, and statistics to address problems in biology. The supercomputer is widely used in computational biology. We have applied supercomputers in cancer prevention research and have made progress in the following areas: 1) Mapping protein interaction networks in cancer cells (e.g., to study protein kinase interactions with other protein kinases, transcription factors, or other proteins) 2) Computational screening of chemical libraries against target proteins, identification of available chemical libraries (NCI; natural compounds, etc.), crystal structures or homology screening 3) Reverse docking and screening of protein structures against a chemical to identify its molecular target(s) 4) Drug target discovery by supercomputer and in vitro and in vivo validation of computer-identified potential targets using: a) kinase assays b) site mutagenesis c) animal studies 5) Identifying key protein/DNA interactions 6) Modeling cancer promotion and progression in order to study cancer promotion, progression, and therapeutic effectiveness to predict success (i.e. predicting drug resistance) Citation Format: Zigang Dong. Computerized approaches to molecularly designed drugs and target identification for cancer prevention. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr CN08-01.
Complementary health approaches for health and wellness in midlife and older US adults

Abstract Objectives To characterize the use of complementary health approaches (CHA) and examine the perceived benefits of using CHA by reason for use among midlife and older adults. Study design Analysis of 2012 National Health Interview Survey data, a nationally representative US sample using cross-tabulations with design-based F-tests and multiple logistic regression. The analytic sample included adults aged over 50 years (N = 14,849). Main outcome measures The proposed benefits of using CHA included: (1) better control over health, (2) reduced stress/relaxation, (3) better sleep, (4) feeling better emotionally, (5) coping with health problems, (6) improved health/feeling better, and (7) improved relationships. Results Overall, 31% of this sample of midlife and older US adults had used CHA in the past year. Among users, 15% had used CHA for treatment only, 40% for wellness only, and 45% for combined wellness and treatment. Herbs (60%), chiropractic (28%), massage (22%), and yoga (19%) were the most common CHA. Wellness-only and combined users had significantly higher odds of reporting that CHA conferred benefit compared with treatment-only users. Conclusions CHA are used by nearly a third of midlife and older adults and are perceived to provide substantial benefit. Integrating CHA as part of a healthy lifestyle has the potential to contribute to healthy aging among midlife and older adults.
The comparative study on rapid detection of coliform group in mineral water with slip and fermentation method

In 2007,the school mineral water was supervised and detected by Jilin Center of Disease Control and Prevention in Chuanying Districnt.The comparative experiments of slip method and fermentation method were made.The results show that the performance of slip method is simple,rapid,convinent and suitable for grassroots laboratories.
Race and Discipline at a Racially Mixed Suburban High School: Status, Capital, and the Practice of Organizational Routines1

AbstractIn this article, we draw on extensive research from a well-resourced and diverse suburban school district to illustrate how racial inequality becomes embedded in school disciplinary routines and contribute to racial differences in students' disciplinary experiences. We seek to build theory regarding how racial disproportionality in discipline happens, why some groups of students are selected to be disciplined more often than others, and why students from different racial groups experience different disciplinary outcomes. Drawing on research from organizational theory and critical race studies, we theorize that in carrying out the school's disciplinary routines, school adults are influenced by broader cultural narratives that associate blackness with criminality and whiteness with innocence. These beliefs about black and white people shape how students' behavior is perceived and responded to, leading to racial differences in students' experiences.
The Diagnostic Accuracy of Special Tests for Rotator Cuff Tear: The ROW Cohort Study.

Objective The aim was to assess diagnostic accuracy of 15 shoulder special tests for rotator cuff tears. Design From February 2011 to December 2012, 208 participants with shoulder pain were recruited in a cohort study. Results Among tests for supraspinatus tears, Jobe test had a sensitivity of 88% (95% confidence interval [CI], 80%-96%), specificity of 62% (95% CI, 53%-71%), and likelihood ratio of 2.30 (95% CI, 1.79-2.95). The full can test had a sensitivity of 70% (95% CI, 59%-82%) and a specificity of 81% (95% CI, 74%-88%). Among tests for infraspinatus tears, external rotation lag signs at 0 degrees had a specificity of 98% (95% CI, 96%-100%) and a likelihood ratio of 6.06 (95% CI, 1.30-28.33), and the Hornblower sign had a specificity of 96% (95% CI, 93%-100%) and likelihood ratio of 4.81 (95% CI, 1.60-14.49). Conclusions Jobe test and full can test had high sensitivity and specificity for supraspinatus tears, and Hornblower sign performed well for infraspinatus tears. In general, special tests described for subscapularis tears have high specificity but low sensitivity. These data can be used in clinical practice to diagnose rotator cuff tears and may reduce the reliance on expensive imaging.
Use of Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Monitor Protein-Membrane Associations

The binding of proteins to membranes mediates many physiological processes such as endocytosis, endosomal recycling and signal transduction (see 1). Membrane association serves to concentrate proteins on a quasi-two dimensional surface promoting interactions between protein partners. Membrane binding can be reversible, such as the binding of phospholipases and phosphodiesterases, or irreverisible, such as the binding and assembly of HIV-Gag proteins on the plasma membrane of host cells. Proteins may associate only on the surface of the membrane, penetrate into the head group region or incorporate into the hydrocarbon interior. Membrane binding can be non-specific, such as for MARCKS 2 or depend of the presence of particular lipids, such is the case for PLCδ 3.
Hydrologic and forest management controls on dissolved organic matter characteristics in headwater streams of old-growth forests in the Oregon Cascades

Abstract Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a critical component of the carbon cycle linking terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Although many factors have been identified as influencing DOM fluxes and biochemical quality in rivers with varying land cover types, controls on DOM composition in forested headwater catchments of the western U.S. are poorly understood. This study examined the effect of hydrologic patterns and forest management history on stream DOM chemistry at watersheds located in the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest of the Oregon Cascades. Specific UV absorbance at 254 nm (SUVA254), generally indicative of aromaticity, increased in streams during storms with increasing surficial soil horizon and litter DOM inputs. Fluorescence excitation and emission matrices (EEMs) with Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) identified a protein-like DOM fluorescent component as well as several other components associated with terrestrial plant material. Correlation analysis between the protein-like DOM component and hydrologic patterns, SUVA254, and DOC concentrations suggest that DOM during dry seasons represents more microbially-processed sources, such as protein-rich, deeper soil or DOM with greater in-stream microbial processing, compared to more plant-like surface soil sources observed during high flow. The base flow index (the proportion of base flow to total flow) showed a high correlation with the relative proportion of protein-like DOM indicating that deep soil water is a source of the protein-like signal. The relative proportions of the protein-like DOM and humic DOM were also influenced by the abundance of coarse woody debris (CWD), but not live tree biomass, with the proportions of protein-like DOM highest in harvested watersheds with low surficial CWD. This study shows UV and fluorescent spectroscopy is a viable finger printing method to elucidate DOM sources in pristine headwater streams at the western Cascades of Oregon.
Abstract 525: Reduced Ability of Endothelial Progenitor Cells to Inhibit Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Migration Compared to Aortic Endothelial Cells Under Flow

Early endothelial restoration at sites of vascular intervention is one of the recognized important potential treatment strategies that can be exploited to limit arterial restenosis associated with intimal smooth muscle cell hyperplasia. In recent years, much attention has been focused on the potential of circulating bone marrow derived cells named endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) to differentiate into mature endothelial cells upon attachment at injured vascular sites and, thereby, potentially limit intimal hyperplasia. Our objective was to compare the influence of isolated porcine blood EPC and aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) on the proliferation and migration of underlying aortic smooth muscle (SMC) cells using a novel arterial wall model system exposed to arterial flow patterns. An in vitro arterial wall model co-culture system was constructed as the bottom plate within a parallel plate flow chamber. A 2mm thick collagen gel containing porcine SMC was overlayed by a porous (5μm) polyester mesh. After 2 days, either porcine aortic EC or CD34+ EPC or no cells (control) were seeded on the surface and allowed to attain confluence. These constructs were then placed into a flow chamber and exposed to arterial flow (12 dynes/cm 2 ) for 48h using circulating culture medium. After the flow regimen, SMC that had migrated through the mesh were immunologically identified and counted. The mesh was removed and the percent proliferating cells in the underlying gel were identified by PCNA staining.EC coverage resulted in an almost 7-fold inhibition of SMC migration compared to control (127±33 vs 840±193 SMC/cm 2 ) and more than 4- fold more than observed with EPC coverage (553±7 SMC/cm 2 ). Similarly, EC coverage resulted in reducing SMC proliferation to 3.2% compared to 8.5% in EPC covered SMC and 14% PCNA positive SMC in the control underlying SMC. These result indicate that blood-derived CD34+ EPC are less effective in limiting adjacent SMC proliferation and migration than native arterial endothelial cells. This may have important implications for strategies designed to employ or attract these cells as a means to limit restenosis at stented interventional sites.
Gap Analysis: An Innovative Look at Gateway Courses and Student Retention

In this paper we argue that simply identifying gateway courses in which a large number of students fail or withdraw and focusing attention on them is not the best use of limited resources. No matter what we do, there will always be courses with high D/F/W rates simply because of the nature of their content and the preparation of the students who must take them. However, some gateway courses defy expectations and produce fewer DFWs than predicted while others produce more. Moreover, the timing of course taking can make a difference between success or failure for particular types of students, and failing or withdrawing from a course does not always lead to stopping out. In this paper we use examples from our work with the analyses of student records to show how one can use student type and point in their academic life to predict success in particular gateway courses. Relating predictions to observed DFW rates can highlight courses exceeding expectations and those which fall below them, and support a more nuanced understanding where attention is needed.
Kinetic theory for DNA melting with vibrational entropy

By treating DNA as a vibrating nonlinear lattice, an activated kinetic theory for DNA melting is developed to capture the breakage of the hydrogen bonds and subsequent softening of torsional and bending vibration modes. With a coarse-grained lattice model, we identify a key bending mode with GHz frequency that replaces the hydrogen vibration modes as the dominant out-of-phase phonon vibration at the transition state. By associating its bending modulus to a universal in-phase bending vibration modulus at equilibrium, we can hence estimate the entropic change in the out-of-phase vibration from near-equilibrium all-atom simulations. This and estimates of torsional and bending entropy changes lead to the first predictive and sequence-dependent theory with good quantitative agreement with experimental data for the activation energy of melting of short DNA molecules without intermediate hairpin structures.
A fully-integrated cartesian feedback loop transmitter in 65nm CMOS

This paper demonstrates a fully-integrated Cartesian feedback loop transmitter (TX) in CMOS 65nm. LO path phase shifters, aiming at compensating the phase misalignments between up- and down-conversion mixers or RF path phase delays, are improved by an interpolation scheme to ensure consecutive 360° tuning range. Power supplies of different circuit blocks are separated to cut off the nested feedback loops formed between the power buses and the circuit blocks for the stability consideration. The transmitter delivers 18.5dBm output P1dB at 9GHz. Over 10dB suppression ratio of intermodulation products in the two-tone test is achieved, and ACPR is improved by 9dB using a 2Mbps 16QAM testing signal. The maximum IM3 suppression is over 15 dB at medium output power levels.
Geographies of Organized Hate in America: A Regional Analysis

Hate in the United States today is narrowly understood but widely used as a politically charged term. Recently, political blame-placing on outsiders such as immigrants has bred a climate of hate an...
Treatment and Management of Acute Otitis Media

Otitis media is among the most commonly diagnosed diseases in children presenting to physicians' offices.1 It accounts for millions of dollars of healthcare costs annually, and accounts for more than half of all pediatric antibiotic prescriptions annually.2 The management of otitis media in the primary care setting has become more complicated in recent years, despite the introduction of vaccines that have decreased complications of the disease. Rising healthcare costs, increasing antibiotic resistance, and changing parental expectations all play a role in the process. In 2004, The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP) released guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of otitis media to attempt to simplify disease management.3 This chapter addresses epidemiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of acute otitis media (AOM), and focuses on the diagnosis and treatment strategies currently recommended in the 2004 AAP/AAFP guidelines.
Extracellular K+, microflow and NAD/NADH changes in focal cerebral ischemia in cats.

The interrelationship of electrical function of the brain, the extra-cellular K+, NADH fluorescence and microflow was studied in acute focal cerebral ischemia in cats. The electrical activity, extracellular potassium (K+ e) changes and fluororeflectometry (NAD/NADH redox state and microflow) were measured in the middle ectosylvian gyrus in closed skull animals. The middle cerebral artery was clamped for two hours, and the observation was followed four additional hours after the release of the occlusion. The animals were classified into three distinct groups based on electrophysiological criteria. The severe stroked animals showed more than 80% reduction in the ratio of the electrical activity of the occluded territory to that on the contralateral side. In the moderate group the ECoG ratio was between 0.2–0.7 and if the ratio was over 0.7, the animals were classified as mild.
Analytical Measurements to Improve Nonpoint Pollution Assessments in Indiana's Lake Michigan Watershed

The Salt Creek watershed in Porter County, Indiana, is a subwatershed within the Little Calumet-Galien watershed, the only one in Indiana that discharges to Lake Michigan. The state-approved watershed management plan for Salt Creek requires monthly measurements of general chemistry parameters, discharge, turbidity, and Escherichia coli concentrations from May to October. This pilot study was designed to utilize the strengths of the watershed management component in combination with research science measurements and analyses, to assess the nonpoint sources of pollution more accurately. The outcomes of the first-year study, which focused on dissolved anions, fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs), total suspended solids and discharge loads from September 2010 through April 2011, demonstrate the substantial increase in comprehension gained from such partnerships. While basic measurements of pH, dissolved oxygen, and other parameters offer an idea of the waterway's health, the chloride, nitrate, and total suspended solids (TSS) loads showed significant seasonal stresses; and the chloride and nitrate concentrations provided insights into specific nonpoint pollution sources.
Predictors of pregnancy-associated change in physical activity in a rural white population.

Objective: The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics and exercise prior to pregnancy to change in physical activity (PA) during pregnancy. Methods: This study was part of the Bassett Mothers' Health Project (BMHP), a prospective cohort study of women who enrolled for prenatal care in the Bassett Healthcare system between November 7, 1994, and November 15, 1996. Six hundred twenty-two women met the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study. Sociodemographic and psychosocial characteristics and exercise behavior were assessed prenatally using the medical record and an anonymous mailed questionnaire. Staged linear regression analysis was used to predict change in physical activity with the psychosocial and sociodemographic characteristics as the independent variables and prepregnancy exercise frequency as a control variable. Results: Women who were older, more educated, and had higher household incomes were more likely to exercise prior to pregnancy (p < .05). Change in PA after becoming pregnant was associated with prepregnancy exercise frequency (p < .001). Women who exercised frequently moderated their activity, while sedentary women maintained or increased their PA after becoming pregnant. Exercise self-efficacy (the belief in one's ability to exercise regularly) and body mass index (BMI) were positive predictors of change in PA (p < .05), while prepregnancy exercise frequency remained significant as a control variable. Conclusion: Interventions that aim to help women maintain or increase their PA during the perinatal period should be designed to increase exercise self-efficacy.
A Stochastic Problem in Physics

The world is global and stochastic and physical laws are local and deterministic, Thus the problems discussed at this Summer School are the very fabric of physics. But physics asks some questions which go beyond the territory which has been explored here. I shall present one of them, show how far physicists have gone toward its solution and mention an important problem of current interest.
Domain integration of ADAM family proteins: Emerging themes from structural studies.

ADAM (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) proteins are type-1 transmembrane and secreted proteins that function in cell adhesion and signal transduction. Here we review the structural features of ...
Existence of Suitable Weak Solutions to the Navier–Stokes Equations for Intermittent Data

Local in time weak solutions to the 3D Navier–Stokes are constructed for a class of initial data in $$L^2_\mathrm {loc}$$. In contrast to other constructions (e.g. Lemarie-Rieusset in Recent developments in the Navier–Stokes problem, Chapman & Hall/CRC Research Notes in Mathematics, vol 431. Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, 2002; Kikuchi and Seregin in Weak solutions to the Cauchy problem for the Navier–Stokes equations satisfying the local energy inequality. Nonlinear equations and spectral theory, American Mathematical Society translations: series 2, vol 220. American Mathematical Society, Providence, pp 141–164, 2007; Kwon and Tsai in Global Navier–Stokes flows for non-decaying initial data with slowly decaying oscillation. arXiv:1811.03249 ), the initial data is not required to be uniformly locally square integrable and, in particular, can exhibit growth in a local $$L^2$$ sense. This class of initial data includes vector fields in the critical Morrey space and discretely self-similar vector fields in $$L^2_\mathrm {loc}$$.
The entry-exit theorem and relaxation oscillations in slow-fast planar systems

Abstract The entry-exit theorem for the phenomenon of delay of stability loss for certain types of slow-fast planar systems plays a key role in establishing existence of limit cycles that exhibit relaxation oscillations. The general existing proofs of this theorem depend on Fenichel's geometric singular perturbation theory and blow-up techniques. In this work, we give a short and elementary proof of the entry-exit theorem based on a direct study of asymptotic formulas of the underlying solutions. We employ this theorem to a broad class of slow-fast planar systems to obtain existence, global uniqueness and asymptotic orbital stability of relaxation oscillations. The results are then applied to a diffusive predator-prey model with Holling type II functional response to establish periodic traveling wave solutions. Furthermore, we extend our work to another class of slow-fast systems that can have multiple orbits exhibiting relaxation oscillations, and subsequently apply the results to a two time-scale Holling-Tanner predator-prey model with Holling type IV functional response. It is generally assumed in the literature that the non-trivial equilibrium points exist uniquely in the interior of the domains bounded by the relaxation oscillations; we do not make this assumption in this paper.
Polarimetric Calibration of a Dual-Polarization Phased Array Weather Radar

Phased array weather radars allow for fast and agile scanning which can improve the temporal resolution of meteorological data and allows for the development of multifunction radars. However, electronic scan angle dependent power and phase introduced by electronic beam steering as well as dual-polarization performance of phased array antennas is a challenge in developing polarimetric phased array weather radars. Front-X is an X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radar capable of both electronic and mechanical beam steering which can be used to validate electronic scan data against mechanical scan data. Additionally, the system can be used to explore and measure the differences between electronic and mechanical scan data. This paper presents a description of Front-X and an automated electronic scan calibration mode implemented in the system which generates corrections that account for power and phase differences between electronic and mechanical scan data. Finally, the system and the electronic scan corrections are demonstrated through a comparison of mechanical scan and electronic scan data, as well as a comparison to the co-located and proven CHILL X-band radar.