cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experimental Performance Evaluation of a Rechargeable Lithium-Air Battery Operating at Room Temperature

The effects of electrolyte, catalyst, and the process of preparation of the air-cathode on the performance of Li-air batteries were investigated. An ether based electrolyte was the best choice for Ketjen Black carbon based air cathodes and delivered high specific capacity (1050 mAh/gC) under dry air with cobalt oxide as catalyst. The introduction of an ultrasonication step in the air-cathode fabrication process improved the air-cathode microstructure. BET analyses revealed that the cathode has a higher surface area and mesopore volume when ultrasonication was used compared to those for the cathode fabricated without the ultrasonication step. With the optimized electrolyte and air-cathode, a high capacity of 2620 mAh/gC was obtained for Li-air batteries tested in dry air with a 0.1 mA/cm2 current density.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
In the Aftermath of Goodyear Dunlop: Oyez - Oyez - Oyez - Oyez - A Call for a Hybrid Approach to Personal Jurisdiction in International Products Liability Controversies

The premise of this paper is that the Court's continuing insistence that the general personal jurisdiction analyses utilized in domestic products cases are equally applicable in the international setting is seriously flawed. The Court's most recent decision in the area of general personal jurisdiction, Goodyear Dunlop Tires Operations, S.A. v. Brown, will be analyzed and used to illustrate how the Court continues to ignore the special considerations which arise when alien manufacturers are defendants in domestic lawsuits. This piece will argue that the time has come for the Court to embrace a realistic, commercial approach to procedural due process, which recognizes that a foreign company's profits made by engaging in a U.S. product-distribution system come at the price of amenability to jurisdiction. The proposed paradigm is composed of: (1) a single-enterprise theory of jurisdiction; (2) a national aggregation-of contacts doctrine which eliminates the arbitrary Mason-Dixon Line between specific and general jurisdiction; (3) a theory of "stream-of-distribution" jurisdiction which is market, not forum, based and which satisfies due process "fair play" concerns as a result of the reciprocal benefits and obligations voluntarily incurred by a foreign manufacturer; and (4) the doctrine of forum non conveniens in conjunction with jurisdictional resequencing to ensure "substantial justice" for the foreign defendant. The goal of the proposed hybrid approach is to design a theory that comports with the prevalent worldview of proper jurisdiction while still honoring constitutional constraints. An added benefit is that the approach should also discourage outsourcing or distribution schemes that serve as shields to protect foreign or American manufacturers from liability in American courts. While many of the individual ingredients of this proposed model do not originate with this author, it is hoped that this article will contribute to legal scholarship with its offering of a theory which integrates some new ideas with the various individual proposals in the area of personal jurisdiction set forth in prior court decisions or publications.
Transverse Bed Slope in Alluvial Channel Bends

The study has reviewed existing analytical models for the prediction of the steady-state transverse bed profile in channel bends, formulated an alternative model, and compared their predictive capability by laboratory and field data. The alternative model, which is based on a theory for the critical conditions for sediment entrainment, gives good agreement between measured and predicted bed slopes. The study shows that the key parameter in all available models is grain size. The prediction of the complete bed topography of a given bend for a given flow data requires knowledge of the spatial variation of the grain size.
ADSORBENT CARBONS FROM COALS BY CHEMICAL ACTIVATION

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the adsorbent carbons from coals by chemical activation. The preparation of adsorbent carbons by chemical activation involves the reaction of a carbon precursor with an ionic reagent at elevated temperatures, followed by leaching to recover the remaining soluble reagent and its products. The volatile matter content of the acid-treated carbons is lower than that of the thermal products, although the difference decreases with heat treatment temperature (HTT). Acid treatment appears to accelerate the carbonization process at low HTT, and a more highly cross-linked structure is developed that is less prone to volatile loss. Evidence for accelerated carbonization is also provided by reflectance measurements on the subbituminous coal. Below 550°C, the reflectance of the altered huminite is higher for the acid-treated coals, indicating the onset of more extensive structural change at lower HTT than for the thermal products. These observations are consistent with the acid-effecting partial digestion of the coal followed by the development of a more anisotropic carbon. Below about 450°C, the textures of the acid-treated carbons are more homogeneous than those of the thermal products.
THE EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF A VIRUS CAUSING HYPERGAMMAGLOBULINEMIA IN MINK: SOURCES AND MODES OF INFECTION.

Hypergammaglobulinemia (Aleutian disease or AD) of mink has been produced by the inoculation of afifected tissue suspensions and cell-free filtrates (Henson et al, 1962b, 1963a; Karstad and Pridem, 1962; Russell et al, 1962; Trautwein et al, 1962; P. G. White, personal communication). The filterable substance is particulate, since it can nearly all be removed from aqueous suspension by centrifugation at 95,000 rcf for 1 hour (Henson et al, 1963a). The causal agent (which we will provisionally call a virus) in the form of a crudely ground tissue suspension is resistant to 0.3(^) formalin for 2 weeks, but not for 40 weeks, at 5 C (Henson et al, 1962b). The present paper confirms the demonstration of the virus in the urine (Kenyon et al, 1963) and forms part of an investigation of the natural history of the disease among mink.
Antecedent Disease and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: What Is Protecting Whom?

Multiple studies have shown that antecedent diseases are less prevalent in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patients than the general age-matched population, which suggests possible neuroprotection. Antecedent disease could be protective against ALS or, conversely, the asymptomatic early physiological underpinnings of ALS could be protective against other antecedent disease. Elucidating the impact of antecedent disease on ALS is critical for assessing diagnostic risk factors, prognostic outcomes, and intervention timing. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between antecedent conditions and ALS onset age and disease duration. Medical history surveys for 1,439 Emory ALS Clinic patients (Atlanta, GA, USA) were assessed for antecedent hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, obesity, asthma, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), thyroid, kidney, liver, and other non-ALS neurological disease. The ALS onset age and disease duration is compared between the antecedent and non-antecedent populations using Chi square, Kaplan Meier, and ordinal logistic regression. When controlled for confounders, antecedent hypertension (high blood pressure), hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), arthritis, COPD, thyroid disease and non-ALS neurological disease are found to be statistically associated with a delayed onset age whereas antecedent obesity (body mass index, BMI > 30) was correlated with earlier ALS onset age. With the potential exceptions of liver disease and diabetes (the latter without other common co-morbid conditions), antecedent disease is associated with overall shorter disease duration. The unique potential relationship between antecedent liver disease and longer ALS disease duration warrants further investigation, especially given liver disease was found to be a factor of 4-7 times less prevalent in ALS. Notably, most conditions associated with delayed ALS onset are also associated with shorter disease duration. Pathological homeostatic instability exacerbated by hypervigilant regulation (over-zealous homeostatic regulation due to too-high regulatory feedback gains) is a viable hypothesis for explaining the early-life protection against antecedent disease and the overall lower antecedent disease prevalence in ALS patients; the later ALS onset age in patients with antecedent disease; and the inverse relationship between ALS onset age and disease duration.
SENSITIVITY OF PARAMETERS AND APPROXIMATIONS IN MODELS OF TIDAL PROPAGATION AND CIRCULATION

In the last ten years a system has been designed for the two-dimensional simulation of the hydrodynamics and water quality in well-mixed estuaries, coastal seas, harbors, and inland waters. The system called SIMSYS2D or WAQUA, can simulate the hydrodynamics in complicated geographical areas, and the model can determine the land/water boundary during simulation [1]. The system accounts for the sources of discharges, tidal flats, islands or dams, and time-varying or time-invarying flow restrictions such as generated by openings in dams, sluices, or storm-surge barriers. In the SIMSYS2D system numerous finite difference approximations of the vertically integrated hydrodynamic equations and their boundary conditions are available to the investigator, A large number of models and model experiments with two-dimensional models have been described in the literature. In many instances, authors have emphasized the advantages of the particular approximations they were using in their model and sometimes made comparisons with other approximations by use of hypothetical geographical areas. Generally, no comparisons are given of different computation methods applied to actual estuaries. Currently, no comprehensive overview of the comparative importance of the approximations of the terms of the hydrodynamic equations based on experiments of typical estuaries, is available. Nor has a practical assessment been made on the comparative importance of timestep size, grid size, depth accuracy, roughness estimates, and approximation of the closure term by viscosity or other expressions. To obtain an insight into the relative importance of computational and systems parameters, a large number of experiments were made with models of the Eastern Scheldt using the SIMSYS2D system in many of its modes. Some of the more important results of this extensive analysis will be presented in this paper.
Examining the Use of Engineering Internship Workplace Competency Assessments for Continuous Improvement

This study explored how workplace competency assessment data collected by College of Engineering programs from internship students and their supervisors between fall 2001 through fall 2011, are applied toward continuous improvement practices. The continuous improvement process is integral to the accreditation and evaluation of the engineering curriculum. This mixed methods study examined three separate practices using internship workplace competency assessment ratings in the continuous improvement process. The study examined how assessment rankings of the internship students’ workplace competency strengths and weakness have changed from the 2001-05 assessment terms in the past accreditation cycle, to the 2006-11 assessment terms of the most recent accreditation cycle. It examined competency achievement percentages related to the ABET Criterion 3 (a-k) outcomes across the same timeline, and investigated how workplace competency assessment data are used to support continuous improvement for program curricula in the College of Engineering. The intent of the study was to gain better understanding of how the workplace competency assessment data has benefited the continuous improvement process that enhances student learning. The results can also provide suggestions to programs in the early stages of developing new program evaluation techniques.
Direct measurement of nanoparticle interactions using near-field photonics(Conference Presentation)

Nanoparticle suspensions are used in numerous biomedical applications ranging from sensing and diagnostics to in vivo therapeutic agents and drug delivery mechanisms. One key challenge in developing these technologies is engineering particles that remain stable in the presence of physiological salt concentrations and different pH regimes encountered in applications. Here, we show an approach for high-throughput characterization of nanoparticle stability by directly measuring the interaction energy profiles between nanoparticles and surfaces. As nanoparticles are trapped and propelled along an optical waveguide, they scatter light. Our technique takes advantage of the confined Brownian motion exhibited by the particles as they fluctuate about the equilibrium position between the optical and particle-surface interaction forces. In this way, unlike colloidal probe atomic force microscopy, this technique is capable of making measurements that are not limited by thermal noise, and capable of mapping interaction energy profiles on the sub-kT scale, driven by sub-pN forces. We demonstrate direct measurement of the interactions between protein-coated gold nanoparticles with 50 nm diameters and surfaces in a variety of experimental conditions including changes in specific ions present, overall ionic strength and pH, giving insight into the dynamics of these biologically relevant systems at the nanoscale. These direct measurements on particles with sub-100 nm diameters offer new insights into suspension stability missed by indirect measurements such as absorbance spectroscopy, zeta-potential, and dynamic light scattering, and allow for the detailed study of sub-populations in a heterogeneous sample. Additionally, the sub-pN force resolution makes this a suitable platform for fundamental biophysical studies.
Identification of novel PSD proteins and their possible functions

There are a number of mRNA species localizing to dendrites of neuronal cells, and a postsynaptic local translation system may allow local and rapid synthesis of key postsynaptic proteins required for expression of synaptic plasticity. Most mRNAs localizing in the postsynaptic region may be translated into postsynaptic proteins, localizing in the postsynaptic subcompartments, such as PSD, the synaptic plasma membrane (SPM), or the cytoplasmic region of the spines or dendrites. However, there appears to be a number of dendritic mRNAs (Dems) and postsynaptic proteins still to be found. Recently, we developed a method to identify a large number of mRNA species associated with PSD fraction (Tian et al (1999) Mol Brain Res, 72: 147-157). During the identification process of these mRNAs, we cloned several full-length cDNAs, such as a synaptic short form LDL receptor-related protein (ssLRP) (Tian et al (2002) Soc Neurosci Abst, 28: 405), synaptic ubiquitin-specific protease (synUSP), TANC (a protein containing tetratricopeptide repeat [TPR], ankyrin repeat, and coiled-coil domain) (Suzuki et al (2003) Soc Neurosci Abst, 29), and so forth. In situ hybridization and immunochemical studies confirmed dendritic localization of mRNAs for these proteins in dendrites, and the localization of these proteins in postsynaptic regions, respectively. Some proteins contained signals for targeting the PSD and interacted with various PSD proteins. We present properties and possible physiological functions of these proteins and report the recent progress in our project to identify a large number of postsynaptic proteins based on the identification of dendritically localizing mRNAs.
Selective visualization of GLUT4 storage vesicles and associated Rab proteins using IRAP-pHluorin

Fluorescence microscopy and fluorescent protein (FP)-tagged GLUT4 molecule have been great tools to characterize GLUT4 localization and dynamics inside the cell. However, it was difficult to distinguish GLUT4 storage vesicles (GSVs) from other intracellular compartments containing GLUT4 in live cells. Here, we describe the use of IRAP-pHluorin and total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy to selectively visualize GSVs and Rab proteins that associate with GSVs. This assay is also valuable to further defining GSV identity by unraveling other GSV-associated proteins.
A note on near-source estimates of local magnitude

The variation with distance of the values of local magnitude, ML , obtained from strong-motion records at short distances to the sources is examined. The available data seem to indicate a gradual decrease with distance from the fault up to a distance of about 20 km followed by a gradual increase for distances in the range from 20 to 100 km. This type of distance dependence can be predicted on the basis of available correlations of peak Wood-Anderson seismograph response with peak velocity and of peak velocity with distance to the fault and local magnitude obtained from actual Wood-Anderson records. These correlations are employed to obtain an alternative relation between local magnitude, synthesized peak Wood-Anderson response and distance to the fault. The alternative relation which is valid only at short distances to the fault gives good agreement with the available data and seems to indicate a degree of saturation of the Wood-Anderson response at short distances. The average estimates of ML based on this alternative relation for several well-recorded events are similar to those obtained on the basis of Richter's standard definition. The alternative estimates have the advantage of removing the distance dependence exhibited by the standard estimates. The effects that this modification of the relation between local magnitude, peak Wood-Anderson response, and distance has on certain estimates of peak strong-motion amplitudes are also examined.
Messianic Time and Monetary Value1

In this essay we return to Walter Benjamin’s notion of messianic time as outlined in his Theses on the Philosophy of History. Messianic time is read with Benjamin’s Sonnette as a “divestment” from historical time. That is, messianic time is a relinquishing of historical time’s formation of identities within late capitalism. Messianism represents that opening which whispers the possibility of bringing asymmetrical accumulation and subjective formation to a standstill. The aim of the essay is thus to push a rereading of Benjamin’s notion of messianic time as subjective divestment from historical time which in turn breaks the uneven distribution of time, accumulation, and the monetary value of market time at work in our current world of global finance.
Jizi and his art in contemporary China: unification

This is a book about the journey of a man, Jizi, whose goal was to make contemporary what is authentically Chinese and to do it in a way that speaks to an increasingly global audience. The first ha...
The Curtius rearrangement: mechanistic insight and recent applications in natural product syntheses

The Curtius rearrangement is a versatile reaction in which a carboxylic acid can be converted to an isocyanate through an acyl azide intermediate under mild conditions. The resulting stable isocyanate can then be readily transformed into a variety of amines and amine derivatives including urethanes and ureas. There have been wide-ranging applications of the Curtius rearrangement in the synthesis of natural products and their derivatives. Also, this reaction has been extensively utilized in the synthesis and application of a variety of biomolecules. In this review, we present mechanistic studies, chemical methodologies and reagents for the synthesis of isocyanates from carboxylic acids, the conversion of isocyanates to amines and amine derivatives, and their applications in the synthesis of bioactive natural products and their congeners.
Good News! Capitalizing on Positive Events in an Interpersonal Context

Abstract Good things happen. In fact, positive events occur more often than negative events. In this chapter, we review research showing that people often turn to others to share their good news, a process called capitalization. These studies show that both the act of telling others about good events and the response of the person with whom the event was shared have personal and interpersonal consequences. We outline a theoretical foundation and propose a model of capitalization processes that includes mechanisms linking the act of telling others and their response to personal and interpersonal outcomes. This research has shown that when the close other responds in an active and constructive manner (and not in a passive or destructive manner), both the discloser and the relationship between the discloser and the responder profit. Personal benefits linked to capitalization processes include increased positive emotions, subjective well-being, and self-esteem, and decreased loneliness. Relationship benefits associated with capitalization processes include satisfaction, intimacy, commitment, trust, liking, closeness, and stability. We also review evidence for mechanisms involved in capitalization processes. Throughout this chapter, we discuss capitalization processes in the larger context of how people “cope” during good times and the value of having supportive partners in this process. Although research has consistently emphasized coping with negative events, our work suggests that positive events similarly provide both opportunities and challenges.
Attitudes Toward Tax Evasion in Korea: A Study in Public Finance

This study summarizes the theoretical and empirical literature on the ethics of tax evasion and then proceeds to examine the opinions of 1199 South Koreans on the issue. The study found that, although South Koreans are strongly opposed to tax evasion in general, their opposition is less than absolute in many cases. An examination of some demographic variables highlighted some of the differences. Men and women were equally opposed to tax evasion. Older people were more strongly opposed to tax evasion than younger people. The two groups most opposed to tax evasion were the self-employed and the housewives, and the least opposed group was the unemployed. Widows were most opposed to tax evasion, followed by married and single individuals. Divorced individuals were least opposed. The upper class was significantly less opposed to tax evasion than the other classes. Those with the strongest opposition to tax evasion are not very happy, while least opposed were not at all happy. The two unhappy groups were at the far ends of the spectrum, while the two happy groups were in the middle, making for a curvilinear relationship. Religion and confidence in government were not significant variables. Attitude toward tax evasion has changed since the first survey was conducted in 1982, but the change is not linear.
Transport and trapping of nanosheets via hydrodynamic forces and curvature-induced capillary quadrupolar interactions.

Abstract Hypothesis The manipulation of nanosheets on a fluid-fluid interface remains a significant challenge. At this interface, hydrodynamic forces can be used for long-range transport (>1× capillary length) but are difficult to utilize for accurate and repeatable positioning. While capillary multipole interactions have been used for particle trapping, how these interactions manifest on large but thin objects, i.e., nanosheets, remains an open question. Hence, we posit hydrodynamic forces in conjunction with capillary multipole interactions can be used for nanosheet transport and trapping. Experiments We designed and characterized a fluidic device for transporting and trapping nanosheets on the water-air interface. Analytical models were compared against optical measurements of the nanosheet behavior to investigate capillary multipole interactions. Energy-based modeling and dimensional analysis were used to study trapping stability. Findings Hydrodynamic forces and capillary interactions successfully transported and trapped nanosheets at a designated trapping location with a repeatability of 10% of the nanosheet’s length and 12% of its width (length = 1500 µm, width = 1000 µm) and an accuracy of 20% of their length and width. Additionally, this is the first report that surface tension forces acting upon nanoscale-thick objects manifest as capillary quadrupolar interactions and can be used for precision manipulation of nanosheets.
Safety First: Conversational Agents for Health Care

Automated dialogue systems represent a promising approach for health care promotion, thanks to their ability to emulate the experience of face-to-face interactions between health providers and patients and the growing ubiquity of home-based and mobile conversational assistants such as Apple’s Siri and Amazon’s Alexa. However, patient-facing conversational interfaces also have the potential to cause significant harm if they are not properly designed. In this chapter, we first review work on patient-facing conversational interfaces in healthcare, focusing on systems that use embodied conversational agents as their user interface modality. We then systematically review the kinds of errors that can occur if these interfaces are not properly constrained and the kinds of safety issues these can cause. We close by outlining design recommendations for avoiding these issues.
Retrospective dosimetric analysis of brain lesions planned in Pinnacle 9.8 via a HDMLC linac.

Abstract The University of Toledo Medical Center's Eleanor N. Dana Cancer Center located in northwest Ohio currently utilizes the Edge Radiosurgery System (Varian Medical Systems Inc., Palo Alto, CA) to deliver stereotactic radiosurgery for the treatment of brain lesions. The purpose of this study is to determine the quality of conformal arc radiotherapy in treating patients with brain lesions at The University of Toledo Medical Center and to provide more data for conformity and gradient indices (due to a lack of current data) to hopefully improve national standards by allowing centers to compare among each other. Treatment plans were assessed using the Pinnacle3 v9.8 Radiation Therapy Planning System (Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, Netherlands). For patients (n = 41) presenting with small brain lesions (n = 82) and treated with conformal arc radiotherapy via the Edge Radiosurgery System, the RTOG conformity index, Paddick conformity index, conformity gradient index, gradient index, and dose gradient index were determined for each plan. This study additionally provides data to suggest the more accurate method of volume derivation provided by the Pinnacle3 v9.8 software. Using this method, average values for each of the following indices were calculated: RTOG conformity index = 1.36 ± 0.29; Paddick conformity index = 0.72 ± 0.12; conformity gradient index = 214.67 ± 12.35; gradient index = 3.64 ± 1.09; dose gradient index = −0.11 ± 0.16. Thus, The University of Toledo Medical Center provides favorable conformity of dose to intracranial target lesions.
Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphatase promotes calvarial progenitor cell cycle progression and cytokinesis via Erk1,2

Bone growth is dependent upon the presence of self-renewing progenitor cell populations. While the contribution of Tissue Nonspecific Alkaline Phosphatase (TNAP) enzyme activity in promoting bone mineralization when expressed in differentiated bone forming cells is well understood, little is known regarding the role of TNAP in bone progenitor cells. We previously found diminished proliferation in the calvarial MC3T3E1 cell line upon suppression of TNAP by shRNA, and in calvarial cells and tissues of TNAP-/- mice. These findings indicate that TNAP promotes cell proliferation. Here we investigate how TNAP mediates this effect. Results show that TNAP is essential for calvarial progenitor cell cycle progression and cytokinesis, and that these effects are mediated by inorganic phosphate and Erk1/2. Levels of active Erk1/2 are significantly diminished in TNAP deficient cranial cells and tissues even in the presence of inorganic phosphate. Moreover, in the absence of TNAP, FGFR2 expression levels are high and FGF2 rescues phospho-Erk1/2 levels and cell cycle abnormalities to a significantly greater extent than inorganic phosphate. Based upon the data we propose a model in which TNAP stimulates Erk1/2 activity via both phosphate dependent and independent mechanisms to promote cell cycle progression and cytokinesis in calvarial bone progenitor cells. Concomitantly, TNAP feeds back to inhibit FGFR2 expression. These results identify a novel mechanism by which TNAP promotes calvarial progenitor cell renewal and indicate that converging pathways exist downstream of FGF signaling and TNAP activity to control craniofacial skeletal development.
Analog Implementation of Optimization Algorithms: A Distributed Optimization View

Digital implementations of optimization algorithms for real time applications are often not fast enough for satisfying performance requirements. Analog computing has the potential to address this challenge, being able to provide an answer in milli-to nano-seconds. In this paper we show how we can leverage the distributed optimization framework to generate analog implementations of optimization algorithms for solving unconstrained optimization problems. We present a mapping of a distributed algorithm to the electrical domain, and discuss practical aspects of the physical realization using electronic circuits.
Psychodynamic approaches to treating antagonism

Abstract In this chapter we describe the psychodynamic approach to antagonism as complementary to a trait perspective. We specifically articulate a psychodynamic model of personality involving self in relation to other with a linking affect, within which antagonism can be understood as variation in self and other. Having articulated the implications of this point of view for a robust and clinically useful model of personality functioning that integrates trait and psychodynamic perspectives, we review the three major stages and prominent techniques of psychodynamic psychotherapy for antagonistic personality.
Invasive Ductular Carcinoma in 2 Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta)

In the United States, breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women, with an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 12% in American women. Invasive ductal carcinoma is the most common form of breast cancer in women, accounting for approximately 60% of all breast carcinomas. Prognostic markers are used to assess aggressiveness, invasiveness, and extent of spread of a neoplasm and thus may be correlated with patient survival. Immunohistochemistry is currently widely used for this purpose, with a variety of prognostication markers available. Classic markers for breast cancer in women include estrogen and progesterone receptor steroid hormone proteins and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Many additional markers have been used in diagnosis and prognostication, including p53, p63, and E-cadherin and cell proliferation markers such as Ki67. Despite an estimated lifetime incidence of approximately 6.1%, naturally occurring mammary neoplasms in nonhuman primates are uncommonly reported, with only sporadic references over the past 75 y. The majority of reported tumors occur in rhesus macaques, although this prevalence has been suggested to be a consequence of their high frequency of usage in biomedical research. Here we present 2 cases of mammary carcinoma in adult female intact rhesus macaques, with cytology, histopathology, and extensive immunohistochemical analysis. According to current classifications for human breast tumors, both tumors were classified as invasive ductal carcinoma. The prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in human breast cancer and in reported cases in nonhuman primates is discussed.
Nonlinear synthetic aperture radar imaging using a harmonic radar

This paper presents synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of linear and nonlinear targets. Data are collected using a linear/nonlinear step frequency radar. We show that it is indeed possible to produce SAR images using a nonlinear radar. Furthermore, it is shown that the nonlinear radar is able to reduce linear clutter by at least 80 dB compared to a linear radar. The nonlinear SAR images also show the system’s ability to detect small electronic devices in the presence of large linear clutter. The system presented here has the ability to completely ignore a 20-inch trihedral corner reﬂector while detecting a RF mixer with a dipole antenna attached.
A Case of Rituximab-Induced Acute Thrombocytopenia in a Patient with Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma and Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection

BACKGROUND Rituximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody to CD20 that is used to treat vasculitis, B-cell lymphoproliferative disorders, and B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). A report is presented of a case of rituximab-induced acute thrombocytopenia (RIAT) in a woman with splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. CASE REPORT A 46-year-old woman with SMZL complicated by chronic HCV infection presented with worsening B symptoms of fever, night sweats, and loss of weight. The patient had a history of recreational drug use. Intravenous treatment with rituximab (dose, 375 mg/m²) commenced with close monitoring in hospital. On the following day, the complete blood count (CBC) showed that her platelet count had dropped from her admission level of 167,000/μl to 7,000/μl, with no change in hemoglobin or white blood cell (WBC) levels. A diagnosis of RIAT was made. The patient was managed conservatively and monitored for the development of potential clinical complications. CONCLUSIONS RIAT is a rare complication of treatment with rituximab and may be poorly recognized. Further studies are needed to determine the incidence and causes of thrombocytopenia in patients treated with rituximab and the possible association with chronic viral infections, including HCV.
Scott sentences for equivalence structures

For a computable structure $${\mathcal {A}}$$, if there is a computable infinitary Scott sentence, then the complexity of this sentence gives an upper bound for the complexity of the index set $$I({\mathcal {A}})$$. If we can also show that $$I({\mathcal {A}})$$ is m-complete at that level, then there is a correspondence between the complexity of the index set and the complexity of a Scott sentence for the structure. There are results (Calvert et al. in Algebra Logic 45:306–325, 2006; Carson et al. in Trans Am Math Soc 364:5715–5728, 2012; Knight and Saraph in Scott sentences for certain groups, pre-print; McCoy and Wallbaum in Trans Am Math Soc 364:5729–5734, 2012) that suggest that these complexities will always match. However, it was shown in Knight and McCoy (Arch Math Logic 53:519–524, 2014) that there is a structure (a particular subgroup of $${\mathbb {Q}}$$) for which the index set is m-complete $$d-\varSigma ^0_2$$, though there is no computable $$d-\varSigma _2$$ Scott sentence. In the present paper, we give an example of a particular equivalence structure for which the index set is m-complete $$\varPi _3^0$$ but for which there is no computable $$\varPi _3$$ Scott sentence. There is, however, a computable $$\varPi _3$$ pseudo-Scott sentence for the structure, that is, a sentence that acts as a Scott sentence if we only consider computable structures.
4DVD visualization and delivery of the 20th century reanalysis data: methods and examples

This paper describes the use of a web application system, called 4-Dimensional Visual Delivery (4DVD), to visualize and deliver climate data. The focus of this paper is on the monthly data from the NOAA-CIRES-DOE Twentieth Century Reanalysis (20CR) project Version 2c. The 20CR is a global model at a spatial resolution about 2° latitude-longitude. The temporal coverage is from January 1851 to December 2014. The monthly data include numerous climate variables, such as temperature, pressure, precipitation rate, zonal wind, meridional wind, albedo, and longwave radiation flux. We show how to use the 4DVD system to conveniently visualize, deliver, and analyze the 20CR data of these parameters on a globe or on a 2D latitude-longitude map. We analyze the temporal and spatial patterns of zonal wind and precipitation over Nino 4 region (5° N-5° S, 160° E-150° W). The monthly NASA Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) data are used to compare the results from 20CR. GPCP data used in this 4DVD application are defined on 2.5° latitude-longitude grid boxes from January 1979 to January 2019. The 4DVD figures successfully show the reverse of zonal wind direction from the east-to-west wind to the west-to-east wind on the grid box (2° S, 176° W) in the Nino 4 region during an El Nino event. The spectral analysis shows the annual and semi-annual cycles in the zonal wind data on this grid box. The GPCP data are used to support the analysis results of 20CR zonal data. The precipitation data over the grid box (1.25° S, 176.25° W) in the Nino 4 region show clear El Nino signals (persistent extreme precipitation more than 6 mm/day) and clear La Nina signals (persistent “dry” with near-zero precipitation). The spectral analysis of the precipitation data time series over this grid box shows no annual cycle.
Biochemical characterization of 2-phosphinomethylmalate synthase from Streptomyces hygroscopicus: A member of the DRE-TIM metallolyase superfamily

2-Phosphinomethylmalate synthase (PMMS) from Streptomyces hygroscopicus catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the herbicide bialophos using 3-phosphinopyruvic acid and acetyl coenzyme A as substrates to form 2-phosphinomethylmalic acid and coenzyme A. PMMS belongs to the Claisen condensation-like (CC-like) subgroup of the DRE-TIM metallolyase superfamily, which uses conserved active site architecture to catalyze a functionally-diverse set of reactions. Analysis of a sequence similarity network for the CC-like subgroup identified PMMS and the related R-citrate synthase in an early-diverging cluster suggesting that this group of sequences are more distinct in relation to other Claisen-condensation subgroup members. To better understand the structure/function landscape of the CC-like subgroup PMMS was recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized with respect to its enzymatic properties. Using oxaloacetate as a substrate analog, the recombinantly-produced enzyme exhibited improved Michaelis constants relative to the previously reported natively-produced enzyme. Results from pH rate profiles and kinetic isotope effects were consistent with results from other members of the CC-like subgroup supporting acid-base chemistry and hydrolysis of the direct Claisen-condensation product as the rate-determining step. Results of site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicate that PMMS uses an active-site architecture similar to homocitrate synthase to select for a dicarboxylic acid substrate.
Institutos Federais de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia e aspectos da Política Nacional de Educação Especial na perspectiva da educação inclusiva

Esta investigacao objetivou conhecer os aspectos da Politica Nacional de Educacao Especial na perspectiva inclusiva, no âmbito dos Institutos Federais de Educacao, Ciencia e Tecnologia (IFs), por meio da analise de documentos produzidos pelas instituicoes: relatorios de gestao e formularios eletronicos enviados para responsaveis institucionais pelas acoes de atendimento ao publico da Educacao Especial. Apos identificacao das acoes descritas nos relatorios institucionais de 2015 e nas respostas aos formularios, observa-se a possibilidade de agrupa-las, conforme a natureza de suas caracteristicas, em tres eixos de analise: a) aspectos da politica e legislacao; b) acessibilidade; etc) atendimento educacional especializado (AEE). Como resultado evidencia-se que aspectos da acessibilidade arquitetonica recebem maior atencao se comparados aos aspectos pedagogicos, sobretudo do atendimento educacional especializado, cuja mencao aparece em segundo plano e com pouco detalhamento das atividades realizadas.
Open Circuit Switch Fault Detection in Flying Capacitor and Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Converters

This article proposes a simple and fast active power device open circuit fault detection and localization technique. The proposed technique applies to the family of flying capacitor multilevel converters (FCMCs), including dc/dc FCMCs, single or multi-phase H-bridge FCMCs, and cascaded H-bridge multilevel converters. The localization technique needs to sense the voltage and direction of current at the output terminals of converters to detect and localize the fault. A circuit with multiple window detectors is utilized to track the output voltage level and current direction with high bandwidth. The algorithm compares the measured and expected terminal voltage, considering the commanded switch states and the terminal current direction. Once potential fault locations are identified, healthy switches are filtered out from the set of potential faulty switches over successive switching transitions. The proposed technique is experimentally validated on a single phase H-bridge FCMC. The switch state commands and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) is handled by a DSP while the fault detection and localization algorithm is implemented on a separate field programmable gate array (FPGA). The asynchronous operation of the DSP and FPGA is discussed.
Damaged goods? Evaluating the impact of X-ray damage on conformational heterogeneity in room temperature and cryo-cooled protein crystals

X-ray crystallography is a cornerstone of biochemistry. Traditional freezing of protein crystals to cryo-temperatures mitigates X-ray damage and facilitates crystal handling but provides an incomplete window into the ensemble of conformations at the heart of protein function and energetics. Room temperature (RT) X-ray crystallography provides more extensive ensemble information, and recent developments allow conformational heterogeneity, the experimental manifestation of ensembles, to be extracted from single crystal data. However, high sensitivity to X-ray damage at RT raises concerns about data reliability. To systematically address this critical question, we obtained increasingly X-ray-damaged high-resolution datasets (1.02-1.52 [A]) from single thaumatin, proteinase K, and lysozyme crystals. Heterogeneity analyses indicated a modest increase in conformational disorder with X-ray damage. Nevertheless, these effects do not alter overall conclusions and can be minimized by limiting the extent of X-ray damage or eliminated by extrapolation to obtain heterogeneity information free from X-ray damage effects. To compare these effects to damage at cryo temperature and to learn more about damage and heterogeneity in cryo-cooled crystals, we carried out an analogous analysis of increasingly damaged proteinase K cryo datasets (0.9-1.16 [A]). We found X-ray damage-associated heterogeneity changes that were not observed at RT. This observation and the scarcity of reported X-ray doses and damage extent render it difficult to distinguish real from artifactual conformations, including those occurring as a function of temperature. The ability to aquire reliable heterogeneity information from single crystals at RT provides strong motivation for further development and routine implementation of RT X-ray crystallography to obtain conformational ensemble information. SignificanceX-ray crystallography has allowed biologists to visualize the proteins that carry out complex biological processes and has provided powerful insights into how these molecules function. Our next level of understanding requires information about the ensemble of conformations that is at the heart of protein function and energetics. Prior results have shown that room temperature (RT) X-ray crystallography provides extensive ensemble information, but are subject to extenstive X-ray damage. We found that ensemble information with little or no effects from X-ray damage can be collected at RT. We also found that damage effects may be more prevalent than recognized in structures obtained under current standard cryogenic conditions. RT X-ray crystallography can be routinely implemented to obtain needed information about conformational ensembles.
Perioral Rejuvenation in Aesthetics.

Abstract Perioral rhytides are a common reason for presentation to the cosmetic dermatologist. Various treatment options exist, and it can be challenging to determine the optimal technique to use in a given patient encounter. We have reviewed various treatment options in the correction of perioral rhytides, focusing on the roles of neurotoxin, filler, microneedling (with and without radiofrequency), fractional resurfacing (non-ablative and ablative), and fully ablative lasers, with a brief mention of deep chemical peels. For each modality, we have discussed the evidence behind the specific technique, its advantages and disadvantages, post-procedural effects, expected downtime, and the onset and duration of desired effects. Despite longstanding debate regarding the “best” modality to use, we instead have proposed that the best approach is a combination that considers the patient's treatment goals while staying consistent with the expected amount of downtime.
National Grid assessment / authorisation requirements for protection and control design, settings and commissioning

Within National Grid, protection and control (P&C) design, settings and commissioning may only be undertaken by engineers who have been formally assessed and authorised, as confirmation that they possess the requisite knowledge and experience. This paper examines both the key drivers that mandated the authorisation process and the assessment model that has been developed. (5 pages)
Servo Design for Nonlinear Systems with Output Feedback

A new servo design methodology for nonlinear systems will be presented. This methodology provides a systematic procedure to solve the output tracking problem in the absence of full state variable feedback, while addressing the issues of closed loop stability, performance and robustness. This nonlinear servo design procedure combines techniques from Input/Output Linearization and Nonlinear Model Based Compensation-Loop Operator Recovery. It achieves improved performance and enhanced robustness properties with respect to the control techniques involved in its assembly, without increasing the magnitude of the control signals. Simulation results show that with appropriate filtering, for Input/Output Linearization based control schemes, dynamic compensation provides better performance than static compensation. Performance improvement is achieved by means of approximate disturbance cancelation, using a disturbance model derived from new results on Loop Operator Recovery.