cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychiatric and neuropsychological issues in sports medicine

This article reviews psychiatric/psychological issues in the athletic training room, including recognition of these issues and a framework for management. Because the majority of research has been conducted in college settings, most of the issues discussed are presented in the context of college sports, although the results generalize to other athletic arenas. Greater awareness of psychological issues, empirical research, and education about mental health issues in the sports medicine community are clearly needed.
Politics and Strategic Change Across Organizational Life Cycles

This paper links research on political processes in organizations with research on organizational life cycles and strategic change. It is proposed that politics accompany strategic changes but are manifested differently at each stage of an organization's life cycle. A political life cycle model is developed in which contextual factors and strategic choices work together to evoke different political tactics during each period of the life cycle. The implications of this model for practicing managers and for research are addressed.
The linkage between immigration and internal migration in large metropolitan areas in the United States.

"This paper investigates the relationship between the internal migration of native-born workers and flows of immigrants to the United States using the 1980 and 1990 U.S. Census Bureau microsamples.... Based on the estimation of three sets of regression models for five overlapping samples of the largest metropolitan areas in the United States and five mutually exclusive segments of the labor force, this analysis shows that the finding of a significant linkage between internal migration and immigration depends critically on the empirical experiment used. In direct opposition to previous published research, we conclude that net migration of the native born for metropolitan areas is either positively related or unrelated to immigration. Our models show that the net migration loss of unskilled native workers from metropolitan areas is probably a function of those cities' population size rather than immigrant flow to them. We conclude that the net migration loss of native-born workers from large metropolitan areas is more likely the result of industrial restructuring than of competition with immigrants."
Quantitative proteomic analysis reveals a simple strategy of global resource allocation in bacteria

A central aim of cell biology was to understand the strategy of gene expression in response to the environment. Here, we study gene expression response to metabolic challenges in exponentially growing Escherichia coli using mass spectrometry. Despite enormous complexity in the details of the underlying regulatory network, we find that the proteome partitions into several coarse-grained sectors, with each sector's total mass abundance exhibiting positive or negative linear relations with the growth rate. The growth rate-dependent components of the proteome fractions comprise about half of the proteome by mass, and their mutual dependencies can be characterized by a simple flux model involving only two effective parameters. The success and apparent generality of this model arises from tight coordination between proteome partition and metabolism, suggesting a principle for resource allocation in proteome economy of the cell. This strategy of global gene regulation should serve as a basis for future studies on gene expression and constructing synthetic biological circuits. Coarse graining may be an effective approach to derive predictive phenomenological models for other ‘omics’ studies.
Reasoning with belief functions: An analysis of compatibility

Abstract This paper examines the applicability of belief funstions methodology in three reasoning tasks: (1) representation of incomplete knowledge, (2) belief updating, and (3) evidence pooling. We find that belief functions have difficulties representing incomplete knowledge, primarily knowledge expressed in conditional sentences. In this context, we also show that the prevailing practices of encoding if-then rules as belief function expressions are inadequate, as they lead to counterintuitive conclusions under chaining, contraposition, and reasoning by cases. Next, we examine the role of belief functions in updating states of belief and find that, if partial knowledge is encoded and updated by belief function methods, the updating process violates basic patterns of plausibility and the resulting beliefs cannot serve as a basis for rational decisions. Finally, assessing their role in evidence pooling, we find that belief functions offer a rich language for describing the evidence gathered, highly compatible with the way people summarize observations. However, the methods available for integrating evidence into a coherent state of belief capable of supporting plausible decisions cannot make use of this richness and are challenged by simpler methods based on likelihood functions.
Tailored mobile phone text messages as an adjunct to obesity treatment for adolescents.

We examined the use of tailored messages sent to the mobile phones of obese adolescents enrolled in a weight-management programme, as a means of increasing adherence. The feasibility study was cond...
Optical surface inspection using real-time Fourier transform holography in photorefractives

We present real-time optical preprocessor intended to enhance small defects in a smooth surface. The heart of the system is a photorefractive Bi12SiO20 phase-conjugate mirror which reflects only the low intensity features of the object’s optical Fourier transform. By adjusting the beam ratios so that only the low intensity, high spatial frequency image components are phase conjugated and inverse transformed, an image consisting of just the defects is produced. To our knowledge, this is the first use of this technique on opaque and nonperiodic objects. We present experimental data showing enhancement of defects as small as 0.14 μm.
Numerical simulation of antenna transmission and reception for crosshole ground-penetrating radar

Numerical models that account for realistic transmitter and receiver antenna behavior are necessary to develop waveform-based inversion methods for crosshole ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data. A challenge in developing such models is simulating the antennae in a computationally efficient manner so that inversions can be performed in a reasonable amount of time. We present an approach to efficiently simulate crosshole GPR transmission and reception in heterogeneous media. The core of our approach is a finite-difference timedomain (FDTD) solution of Maxwell’s equations in 2D cylindrical coordinates. First, we determine the behavior of the current on a realistic GPR antenna in a borehole through detailed FDTD modeling of the antenna and its immediate surroundings. To model transmission and reception, we then replicate this antenna current behavior on a much-coarser grid using a superposition of point-electric-dipole source and receiver responses. Results obtained with our technique agree with analytical results, with numerical modeling results where the transmitter antenna and borehole are explicitly accounted for using a fine discretization, and with crosshole GPR field data.
Novel high efficiency CMOS on-chip antenna structures at millimeter waves

In this work, four designs of (Bi)CMOS on-chip antenna (OCA) at 90GHz and 140GHz are shown and compared, aiming at the difficult task of broadside radiation (off the top chip metal surface). A bowtie-shaped slot antenna is fabricated and expected to offer a gain of −1.5dB at 90GHz and 30GHz impedance bandwidth. Another design of slot antenna backed by a cavity, which is fully isolated from the circuits, gives a gain of −2 dB at 140GHz and 5 GHz bandwidth. Additionally, a design of a slot antenna based on an integrated waveguide in (Bi)CMOS showing −1 dB gain is proposed. At last, a proposed E-shaped patch antenna, which only occupies 0.7 mm × 0.7 mm area, shows −2 dB gain with 10 GHz bandwidth.
Role of a non-canonical surface of Rad6 in ubiquitin conjugating activity

Rad6 is a yeast E2 ubiquitin conjugating enzyme that monoubiquitinates histone H2B in conjunction with the E3, Bre1, but can non-specifically modify histones on its own. We determined the crystal structure of a Rad6∼Ub thioester mimic, which revealed a network of interactions in the crystal in which the ubiquitin in one conjugate contacts Rad6 in another. The region of Rad6 contacted is located on the distal face of Rad6 opposite the active site, but differs from the canonical E2 backside that mediates free ubiquitin binding and polyubiquitination activity in other E2 enzymes. We find that free ubiquitin interacts weakly with both non-canonical and canonical backside residues of Rad6 and that mutations of non-canonical residues have deleterious effects on Rad6 activity comparable to those observed to mutations in the canonical E2 backside. The effect of non-canonical backside mutations is similar in the presence and absence of Bre1, indicating that contacts with non-canonical backside residues govern the intrinsic activity of Rad6. Our findings shed light on the determinants of intrinsic Rad6 activity and reveal new ways in which contacts with an E2 backside can regulate ubiquitin conjugating activity.
Tests of odds ratio homogeneity with improved power in sparse fourfold tables

Some new tests of odds ratio homogeneity for fourfold tables are compared with the mixture model score test in the sparse-data case (many tables, small margins per table). Based on general empirical Bayes inequalities, the new tests have competitive power for 1:R matched designs, and superior power for more balanced designs.
Targeting of an Anti-CR3 (CD11b/CD18) Monoclonal Antibody to Spleen But Not Brain, In Vivo in Mice

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies against the complement receptor CR3 (CDllb/CD18) interfere with leukocyte recruitment and have potential as immunotherapeutics. However, the pharmacokinetic behavior as well as the tissue uptake and organ distribution of antibodies against CR3 are largely unknown. The present study examined the organ uptake (brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and spleen) and the pharmacokinetics of the anti-CR3 antibody, 5C6, and its isotype control, rat IgG2b, in mice. The clearance of 5C6 was biexponential with half-times of 6.4 ± 2.4 min and 2.9 ± 0.9 hours. The clearance of the IgG2b was also biexponential with half-times of 27.0 ± 12.8 minutes and 36.1 ± 1.2 hours. The uptake of 5C6 by the brain was negligible even 24 hours after injection, and there was only a minor uptake by heart and kidney. The uptake of 5C6 by spleen at 2 hours after injection was 44.7 ± 26.6% of injected dose per gram tissue, and this value was 60-fold greater than the uptake by liver at 2 hours. The early and sele...
Mucopolysaccharide Sulfation in Chick Embryo Cartilage I. PROPERTIES OF THE SULFATION SYSTEM

Abstract A mucopolysaccharide-sulfating system from chick embryo cartilage has been localized in the 105,000 x g supernatant fluid prepared from cartilage homogenates. Adenosine triphosphate was an absolute requirement for sulfate incorporation, but inhibited at high concentrations; NAD+ stimulated sulfate incorporation but nucleotidyl sugars had little effect. Sulfate incorporation did not appear to be taking place into newly synthesized polysaccharide but rather into endogenous acceptors. Protamine chloride treatment of the supernatant fluid greatly diminished sulfate incorporation, which could be fully restored by boiled dialyzed supernatant fluid. A diverse group of polysaccharides was found to be capable of accepting sulfate, indicating that this sulfotransferase system is not highly specific.
Association of changes in the use of board-certified critical care intensivists with mortality outcomes for trauma patients at a well-established level I urban trauma center

An intensivist-directed Intensive Care Unit is a closed-model unit in which a physician formally trained in critical care plays a leadership role in patient management. In the last decade, there has been a move toward closed Intensive Care Units. The purpose of this evaluation was to assess the association of changes in the use of intensivists to a closed-model with mortality outcomes in injured patients seen in a long-established urban Level I Trauma Center. This analysis used data from the Scottsdale Healthcare Osborn Medical Center trauma registry from January 1, 2002-December 31, 2008. Mortality prior to hospital discharge was compared in the pre-intensivist (intensivists were not employed and did not provide care), partial intensivist (intensivists were employed and provided care during some Intensive Care Unit shifts) and full-time intensivist (intensivists were employed and provided care in the Intensive Care Unit full time) periods. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for mortality adjusting for patient characteristics and injury severity for the partial intensivist and full-time intensivist periods compared with the pre-intensivist period. Of 18,918 patients, 365 (1.9%) died before hospital discharge. After adjustment for demographic factors and injury severity score, for all patients, odds ratios comparing the partial intensivist and full-intensivist periods with the pre-intensivist period were 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.64-1.11) and 0.99 (95% confidence interval 0.69-1.41). In patients with an injury severity score 16-24, the adjusted OR for death was 0.20 (95% CI 0.07-0.58) comparing the partial-intensivist with the pre-intensivist period and 0.30 (95% CI 0.11-0.88) comparing the full-time intensivist period with the pre-intensivist period. For patients age 65 + years, compared with the pre-intensivist period, odds ratio were 0.51 (95% confidence interval 0.31-0.84) and 0.61 (95% confidence interval 0.32-1.16) for the partial and full-time intensivist periods respectively. In our setting, a change to a closed Intensive Care Unit model was associated with improved mortality outcomes in patients with less severe injuries and patients age 65+ years.
Improving garment fit for the mature female in the USA

Although women over the age of50 constitute a growing segment of the apparel market, in the U.S.A. the apparel industry has not addressed the specific fitting needs of this group. Many apparel manufacturers produce large sizes, however proportionate changes specific to the mature figure type resulting from the ageing process have not been addressed.1–6 The purpose of this study was to modify a commercial pattern based on work by Woodson and Horridge (1990, Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 8 (4), 7–13) using grading as a pattern development technique, and to evaluate the accuracy and effectiveness of the modified pattern by measuring fit and evaluating self-reported perceptions of comfort on live models. Woodson and Horridge measurement data were used as a basis for modifying a commercial pattern to fit a mature woman. Results indicated that there were significant differences between the commercial dress and the modified dress. The modified dress provided a better fit in 14 areas. Subjects' perceptions of comfort were closer to actual fit for the modified dress than for the commercial pattern dress. Computerized grading is a quick, cost-effective method of modifying a pattern to meet the needs of special markets.
Transgenic animal models of neurodegeneration based on human genetic studies

The identification of genes linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Huntington’s disease (HD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) has led to the development of animal models for studying mechanism and evaluating potential therapies. None of the transgenic models developed based on disease-associated genes have been able to fully recapitulate the behavioral and pathological features of the corresponding disease. However, there has been enormous progress made in identifying potential therapeutic targets and understanding some of the common mechanisms of neurodegeneration. In this review, we will discuss transgenic animal models for AD, ALS, HD and PD that are based on human genetic studies. All of the diseases discussed have active or complete clinical trials for experimental treatments that benefited from transgenic models of the disease.
Reducing translation lookaside buffer active power

Lowering active power dissipation is increasingly important for battery powered embedded microprocessors. Here, power reduction techniques applicable to fully associative translation lookaside buffers, as well as other associative structures and dynamic register files, are described. Powermill simulations of implementation in a microprocessor on 0.18 /spl mu/m process technology demonstrate 42% power savings. Circuit implementations, as well as. architectural simulations demonstrating applicability to typical instruction mixes are shown.
Antibody formation to dog pulp tissue altered by camphor paramonochlorophenol via the root canal

Pulp tissue from three experimental dogs was tested for its antigenicity before and after incubation with CMCP. Reaction to Arthus skin tests showed an increased response to pulp that had been incubated in CMCP, washed, then injected, as compared with pulp or CMCP alone. Hemagglutinating antibody titers (1:360 to 1:450 dilutions) were obtained from pulp tissue altered by CMCP. Inhibition tests showed the specificity of the antibody to be at a dilution titer of 1:350. Therefore, CMCP altered dog pulp tissue and rendered it antigenically active, and a specific humoral response was produced.
Lipids of Parasitic and Saprophytic Leptospires

The lipid composition of five parasitic and six saprophytic leptospires was compared. Lipids comprise 18 to 26% of the dry weight of the cells after chloroform-methanol extraction. No residual (bound) lipid was found after acid or alkaline hydrolysis of the extracted residue. The total lipid was composed of 60 to 70% phospholipid, and the remaining lipid was free fatty acids. The phospholipid fraction contained phosphatidylethanolamine as the major component, and phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were minor components with traces of lysophatidylethanolamine sometimes found. The major fatty acids of leptospires were hexadecanoic, hexadecenoic, and octadecenoic acids. Both the unusual cis-11-hexadecenoic acid and the more common cis-9-hexadecenoic acid were synthesized by the leptospires. Neither the parasitic nor the saprophytic leptospires can chain elongate fatty acids. However, they were capable of β-oxidation of fatty acids. Both groups of leptospires desaturate fatty acids by an aerobic pathway. When the parasite canicola was cultivated on octadecanoic acid, 87% of the hexadecenoic acid was the 11 isomer, whereas the saprophyte semeranga consisted of 10% of this isomer. In addition, the saprophytic leptospires contained more tetradecanoic acid than the parasites. No differences were observed in the lipid composition of virulent and avirulent strains of canicola.
Expression of K homology domain Containing protein Overexpressed in cancer in pancreatic FNA for diagnosing adenocarcinoma of pancreas

We evaluated the immunocytochemical (ICC) expression of K homology domain containing protein overexpressed in cancer (KOC) in pancreatic endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspirates (EUS-FNAs) to assess its potential use as an adjunct in differentiating nonneoplastic (GI epithelium) and benign neoplastic epithelia (benign epithelial pancreatic neoplasms) from pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Forty-eight cases of EUS-FNAs with histological and/or clinical follow-up data were selected for this study. Alcohol-fixed and PAP-stained slides were stained with monoclonal antibody to KOC/L523S (clone 69.1). Results were recorded as negative or positive. KOC expression was present in 35/40 (88%) of adenocarcinomas (Ac) and was negative in all eight benign cases. The sensitivity and specificity were as follows: cytology 85 and 100%, KOC 88 and 100%; combination of cytology and KOC 95 and 100%. We conclude that KOC ICC expression on alcohol-fixed smears along with cytology improves the sensitivity of EUS-FNAs in the diagnosis of pancreatic Ac, and KOC reactivity is especially useful in differentiating Ac from nonneoplastic gastrointestinal epithelium and benign neoplastic epithelia. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:700–704. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Stepwise changes in stratospheric water vapor

[1] The sparse data available of stratospheric water vapor since the 1950s suggests a positive long-term trend that cannot be explained by the methane increase and what is known about temperature trends around the tropical tropopause, which constrain the amount of water entering the stratosphere. Here, we discuss the 1991–2005 time series of stratospheric water (and methane) measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE). The high sampling, global coverage and measurement of methane render HALOE data ideal to check the data for self-consistency and to pinpoint the time of changes in entry mixing ratios. In addition to the well-known ‘drop’ in October 2000, the HALOE data at 10 hPa and less suggest a steep increase in entry mixing ratios shortly before the beginning of the HALOE measurements. Model calculations using simple representations of the stratospheric age of air spectrum in the tropics show that the very dry phase may be explained by a range of scenarios: A long (several years) dry phase followed by a step increase with amplitude 0.3 ppmv; a shorter (≥1 year) dry pulse with amplitude 0.6 ppmv; or steep linear trends over about 2 years with total increases similar to the step scenarios. The drop in October 2000 coincides with anomalously large eddy heat fluxes in the Southern hemisphere and low tropopause temperatures, but no such relation is found for the situation around 1991. The coincidence with the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo is discussed. The evidence for the results presented here is circumstantial, but they would imply that decoupling between stratospheric water trends and tropical tropopause temperatures can occur on short timescales.
Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flow, Oxygen, and Glucose Metabolism Analysis of Cerebral Metabolic Disorder in Stroke and Some Therapeutic Trials in Human Volunteers

More accurate methods for monitoring cerebral blood flow, oxygen, and glucose metabolism with results of their application in human volunteers are described. Subjects with various types of cerebral vascular disease showed decreased cerebral blood flow and oxygen and glucose metabolism but anaerobic glycolysis appeared to be increased. Inhalation of 100% oxygen decreased anaerobic glycolysis, and mixtures of oxygen, 5% CO2 plus oxygen, 5% CO2 plus air, and hyperventilation all showed that cerebral vascular reactivity is reduced in cerebrovascular disease. Nevertheless, inhalation of 5% mixtures of CO2 in air or oxygen significantly increased cerebral blood flow. Inhalation of 5% CO2 plus oxygen significantly increased cerebral oxygen consumption in cerebrovascular disease within 10 minutes of its institution. The depression of cerebral glucose metabolism and oxygen consumption appears to be amenable to rapid improvement in some subjects with stroke. Intravenous administration of nylidrin hydrochloride decr...
Mutually compatible Gibbs images: properties, simulation and identification

Presents a unified theory for the description of Gibbs images that allows one to answer some very important theoretical and practical questions about their statistical behavior. The author first introduces the local transfer function and derives the Gibbs measure in terms of this function. He restricts the derived probability structure to satisfy the property of mutual compatibility thus resulting in the subclass of mutually compatible Gibbs images. The author reviews their properties and briefly discusses various issues related to their simulation and identification. Simulation results from the area of texture analysis and synthesis are presented, in order to demonstrate various aspects of the theory. >
Integrated generation and transmission planning tools under competitive energy markets: An academic perspective

This paper first briefly reviews the typical functionality and structure of market-based generation and transmission planning tools. Possible new functions are discussed to include bidding strategy models and system dynamics models. The former is used to reflect the behavior and the learning process of market participants and the latter represents an information feedback loop to account for long term impact of decisions. Improvements in algorithms and implementation are discussed. The discussion includes AC versus DC model, engineering model versus statistical model, Monte Carlo simulation for reliability, and distributed implementation.
Aortic Valve Replacement in the Elderly Determinants of Late Outcome

Background—Few data exist on long-term outcomes of elderly patients after aortic valve replacement. We evaluated latest follow-up information for patients ≥70 years of age after aortic valve replacement. Methods and Results—Late overall survival of 2890 consecutive patients ≥70 years of age who underwent aortic valve replacement between January 1993 and December 2007 was reviewed retrospectively, analyzed, and stratified by preoperative and intraoperative variables. Observed 5-, 10-, and 15-year late postoperative survival was lower than generally expected (68%, 34%, and 8% versus 70%, 42%, and 20%, respectively; P<0.001). Independent predictors of late death included older age, renal failure, diabetes mellitus, stroke, myocardial infarction, immunosuppression, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, implanted pacemaker, lower ejection fraction, hypertension, and New York Heart Association class III or IV. After stratification by age–comorbidity risk score, 10-year survival for the lowest-risk group (n=946...
Pre-natal development of rat nasal epithelia. IV. Freeze-fracturing on apices, microvilli and primary and secondary cilia of olfactory and respiratory epithelial cells, and on olfactory axons.

Olfactory axons and apical structures of olfactory epithelia and of nasal respiratory epithelia of rat embryos were studied with the freeze-fracture technique; adult tissue samples of the same sources were used for comparison. At the onset of epithelial differentiation (14th gestational day) intramembranous particle densities are the same for all structures in both epithelial types. During further development, particle densities in membranes of primary cilia remain lower than those in membranes of other apical structures. Otherwise, I found the following from the 14th to the 19th day of gestation.a. Olfactory receptor cells of embryos of all age groups have axons wherein the membrane particle densities are about half those of adults. These densities are always lower than those of dendritic ending structures. Dendritic endings with primary cilia have lower densities than endings with secondary cilia; densities mainly increase when the endings sprout secondary cilia. Adult values are reached at the 18th day of gestation.b. Olfactory supporting cells with only globular particles in their apices gradually transform into, or are replaced by, supporting cells which also have dumbbell-shaped particles in their apices. Particle densities are always higher in apical structures of supporting cells than in apical structures of receptor cells. Adult values are reached at the 17th day of gestation.c. Putative ciliated and ciliated respiratory epithelial cells have considerably lower particle densities in membranes of their apical structures than do olfactory epithelial cells. Of special interest is that this is also true for secondary respiratory and olfactory cilia; as soon as genesis of secondary cilia in either epithelial type begins, their membrane features differ. Also, in contrast to apical structures of the olfactory epithelium, particle densities in apical structures of the respiratory epithelium do not systematically change during pre-natal development, and resemble the density values of adults. An exception are the microvilli of the respiratory cells with secondary cilia, membranes of which have considerably higher particle densities in adults than in embryos. In conclusion: Transformations of olfactory receptor cell dendritic endings with primary cilia into endings with secondary cilia, and of olfactory supporting cells with globular particles in their apices into cells with dumbbell-shaped particles in their apices are accompanied by increases in the densities of their intramembranous particles. These developmental changes parallel the electrophysiological onset of olfactory receptor cell specificity.
BRCA1 activation of the GADD45 promoter

Breast cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 has been implicated in the control of gene regulation and such regulated genes are thought to mediate the biological role of BRCA1. Overexpression of BRCA1 induces GADD45, a p53-regulated and stress-inducible gene. However, the molecular mechanism by which BRCA1 induces the expression GADD45 remains unclear. In this report, we have shown that the GADD45 promoter is strongly activated following expression of wild-type BRCA1. In contrast, both the tumor-derived BRCA1 mutants (p1749R and Y1853insA) and truncated BRCA1 mutant protein (Delta500 - 1863 BRCA1), which lack transactivation activity, were unable to activate the GADD45 promoter, indicating that the BRCA1-mediated activation of the GADD45 promoter requires normal transcriptional properties of BRCA1. BRCA1 did not induce the c-Jun and c-fos promoters, which rules out a general effect of BRCA1 on other immediate-responsive genes. Expression of the human papillomavirus E6 and the dominant-negative mutant p53 proteins had no effect on the induction of the GADD45 promoter by BRCA1, suggesting that activation of the GADD45 promoter by BRCA1 is independent of cellular p53 function. With the 5'-deletion analysis, the BRCA1-responsive element of the GADD45 promoter was mapped at the region from -121 to -75. Disruption of this region resulted in the abrogation of BRCA1 activation of the GADD45 promoter. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the mechanism by which BRCA1 induces GADD45 is mainly through the transactivation of the GADD45 promoter, further demonstrating the evidence that GADD45 acts as one of the BRCA1-regulated genes. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4050 - 4057.
The convergence of U.S. state-level energy intensity

Abstract This study extends a neoclassical growth model to include the accumulation of physical capital and energy consumption within a panel of fifty states (plus the District of Columbia) in the U.S. The theoretical model allows us to examine the implications for convergence in economic growth and energy intensity. From the theoretical model, we formulate an empirical approach using a dynamic panel model that is estimated using a general method of moments framework to test the conditional rates of convergence. The empirical results indicate convergence in energy intensity, and our estimates accurately predict both the growth in and convergence of energy intensity across our entire sample. Consistent with other findings in the literature, our results imply that energy use, over the past four decades, plays a small and positive role in state-level, per capita economic growth and convergence. Based on these results, we discuss policy implications for state-level income growth and energy consumption.
The application of humanistic thinking in clinical nursing teaching

Objective To explore the application of Roger's humanistic thinking in clinical nursing teaching,Method Based on humanistic thinking,we focused on the integration of theory and clinical practice to train nursing students' innovative ability and applied diversified clinical teaching model. Result This practice ensured the quality of teaching and improved nursing students' comprehensive abilities,Conclusion Rogers' humanistic thinking focus on the development of students' comprehensive ability,which can embody humanistic teaching and improve the quality of teaching.
An Analysis of Incidence and Mortality of Cancer in Taixing,Jiangsu Province,2010

[Purpose] To investigate the incidence and mortality of cancer in Taixing,2010. [Methods] The data of incidence and mortality of cancer in Taixing were analyzed. The incidence and mortality were calculated. [Results] The crude incidence of cancer was 221.98/105(295.02/105 in male,149.04/105 in female),and the age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese population was 97.96/105. The crude mortality of cancer was 177.53/105(242.07/105 in male,113.09/105 in female), and the age-standardized mortality rate by Chinese population was 72.64/105.The incidence and mortality of cancer were higher in male and increased with age. Cancers of esophagus, liver, stomach, lung and breast were the top 5 of common cancer sites of incidence and mortality. [Conclusion] Digestive system tumors, lung cancer and breast cancer are major malignant tumors those impact on residents′ health in Taixing. Prevention and control should be enhanced.
Design analysis of the mandrel shaft for the composie case

The superiority of the hollow mandrel shaft was discussed.The methods determining the inside and outside diameter were obtained and the verification methods of the strength and the structure stabitity were given.When the outside diameter of the mandrel shaft is given,the hollow shaft has less deflection and lighter mass than the solid shaft.The numerical examples show that the calculating methods in this paper can be applied to the design of hollow mandrel shaft.
The Lung Microbiome, Immunity, and the Pathogenesis of Chronic Lung Disease

The development of culture-independent techniques for microbiological analysis has uncovered the previously unappreciated complexity of the bacterial microbiome at various anatomic sites. The microbiome of the lung has relatively less bacterial biomass when compared with the lower gastrointestinal tract yet displays considerable diversity. The composition of the lung microbiome is determined by elimination, immigration, and relative growth within its communities. Chronic lung disease alters these factors. Many forms of chronic lung disease demonstrate exacerbations that drive disease progression and are poorly understood. Mounting evidence supports ways in which microbiota dysbiosis can influence host defense and immunity, and in turn may contribute to disease exacerbations. Thus, the key to understanding the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease may reside in deciphering the complex interactions between the host, pathogen, and resident microbiota during stable disease and exacerbations. In this brief review we discuss new insights into these labyrinthine relationships.
Flow-based sorting of neonatal lymphocyte populations for transcriptomics analysis.

Rationale Emerging data suggest an important role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of chronic lung disease in preterm infants. Comprehensive assessment of the lymphocyte transcriptome may identify biomarkers and mechanisms of disease.
Public administration for a democratic society: instilling public trust through greater collaboration with citizens

The question of "how wide to open the window" to hear citizen feedback and let them influence local politics is highly topical. The authors provide an informative introduction to the prerequisites for collaboration between citizens and public administration. They claim that the re-engineering focus on citizen participation remains too rooted in old paradigmatic thinking. In order to truly engage citizens, one needs to break out of the confines of 18th century thought and explore how participatory democratic theory can provide the foundation for 21st century political design and alter our concepts of democratic governance. The authors focus on two different projects that have demonstrated how administrators and other government officials can engage citizens in agenda-setting, addressing complex policy issues, and facilitating implementation of policies. These models position citizens as "owners" of government, not as "clients" or even partners in making and implementing policies through choices. One method, called Televote, is a form of scientific polling that elicits informed and considered opinions from randomly selected respondents. The other method, a version of face-to-face meetings, was employed in Uniontown, Alabama to engage citizens on an ongoing basis to establish citizen agendas, develop policies, and implement programs. Finally, the authors reflect how electronic town meetings can be used to help build community and reinvigorate democracy.
Lessons from Teaching Students to Negotiate Like a Lawyer

The legal education system is in a major crisis now, in part because law schools do not prepare students adequately to practice law. Law schools should do a better job of teaching negotiation, in particular, because it is a significant part of the work of virtually every practicing lawyer. This includes lawyers who handle civil and criminal matters and lawyers who do litigation as well as those who do transactional work. Negotiation is especially important because most litigated cases are settled and virtually all unstandardized transactions are negotiated. Most law school negotiation courses rely primarily or exclusively on simulations in which lawyers "parachute" into a case just before the final negotiations. In real life, however, negotiations grow out the preceding activities such as interviewing and counseling clients, obtaining necessary information, conducting legal research, and performing case management procedures. For law students to get a realistic understanding of how lawyers actually negotiate in the real world, it is important that they understand how negotiation fits into the "big picture" of legal practice. This article describes how my negotiation course provided students a more realistic experience of negotiation.I wrote Teaching Students to Negotiate Like a Lawyer when I was preparing to teach negotiation for the first time. That article was a vehicle to develop some theories about better preparing students to practice law, which I tested in the Spring and Fall 2012 semesters at the University of Missouri School of Law. This article reports my observations from teaching those courses and offers suggestions for future efforts to improve legal education. My experience supports the (1) focus on negotiation in a wide range of situations in addition to the final resolution of disputes and transactions, (2) addition of "ordinary legal negotiation" to the two traditional theories of negotiation, and (3) use of multi-stage simulations in addition to traditional single-stage simulations. These approaches were critical in providing students with a more realistic understanding of negotiation. This article also describes experiments with other teaching techniques in my courses.
Coherent Vibrational Probes of Hydrogen Bond Structure Following Ultrafast Electron Transfer

We report measurements, ab initio calculations, and analytical models that reveal the coupling of low-frequency phonons to localized vibrations of a hydrogen-bonded organic crystal driven by ultrafast electron transfer. Fourier analysis of spectrally resolved oscillations in the transient reflectivity of mid-infrared probe pulses from single crystals of quinhydrone shows coupling between Raman- and IR-active intermolecular lattice phonons of this material. In addition, phonon coherence spectra of two of these lattice modes show that at least two qualitatively different vibrational transitions near 3000 cm–1 exist in the charge-separated state of quinhydrone. This combined experimental and theoretical approach allows us to estimate the displacement of the O–H stretching vibration of quinhydrone along its different lattice phonon normal coordinates. These results will help better understand and approach a plethora of problems in condensed phases in which electronic and vibrational coupling over vastly diffe...
Headache Disorders May Be a Risk Factor for the Development of New Onset Hypothyroidism.

Objective To determine whether headache disorders are a risk factor for the development of new onset hypothyroidism. Background Past studies have reported associations between headache disorders and hypothyroidism, but the directionality of the association is unknown. Methods This was a longitudinal retrospective cohort study using data from the Fernald Medical Monitoring Program (FMMP). Residents received physical examinations and thyroid function testing every 3 years during the 20 year program. Residents were excluded from the cohort if there was evidence of past thyroid disease or abnormal thyroid function tests at the first office visit. A diagnosis of a headache disorder was established by self-report of “frequent headaches,” use of any headache-specific medication, or a physician diagnosis of a headache disorder. The primary outcome measure was new onset hypothyroidism defined as the initiation of thyroid replacement therapy or TSH ≥ 10 without thyroid medication. A Cox survival analysis with time dependent variables were used for the model. Headache disorders, age, sex, body mass index, income, smoking, narcotic use, and hypothyroidism-producing medications were independent variables in the model. Results Data from 8412 residents enrolled in the FMMP were used in the current study. Headache disorders were present in about 26% of the residents and new onset hypothyroidism developed in ∼7%. The hazard ratio for the development of new onset hypothyroidism was 1.21 (95% CI = 1.001, 1.462) for those with headache disorders. Conclusions Headache disorders may be associated with an increased risk for the development of new onset hypothyroidism.
Monitoring Visual Evoked Potentials

Intraoperative monitoring of visual evoked potentials (VEP) during neurosurgical operations has been described by several investigators (1–5) for the purpose of preserving vision in operations in which the optic nerve or optic tract is being manipulated as well as in operations that involved the occipital cerebral cortex (6). It has been found difficult, however, to obtain reliable recordings of VEP in anesthetized patients who did not undergo intracranial procedures (7).
Chemical modification of functionalized polyhydroxyalkanoates via "Click" chemistry: A proof of concept.

Abstract A novel approach to the post-biosynthetic chemical modification of bromo and alkyne functionalized poly(3-hydroxyalkanoates), (PHAs), via copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and strain promoted azide alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) is reported. Optimum conditions for the biosynthesis of the PHA copolymers, poly(3-hydroxynonanoate-co-3-hydroxy-11-bromoundecanoate) (PHNUBr) and poly(3-hydroxynonanoate-co-3-hydroxy-10-undecynoate) (PHNUD), using Pseudomonas oleovorans as cell factories were 20 h of fermentation time and a total carbon substrate concentration of 40 mM. Percent incorporation of brominated repeat units and alkyne repeat units were 38.5% and 50% respectively, as determined by 1H NMR. PHNUBr was converted into an azido-terminated precursor for the polymer analogous “click” reactions via SN2 nucleophilic substitution reaction using sodium azide with a yield of 96.7% and analyzed by FTIR and 1H NMR. CuAAC reactions were used to attach propargyl benzoate and methyl-2-azidoacetate to the PHAs with terminal azido and alkyne functional side groups respectively, with yields of 78.2% and 65.4% respectively. FTIR analysis of the products showed the disappearance of the azide peak at 2093.5 cm−1 and the alkynyl C C H stretch at 3292 cm−1. 1H NMR analysis confirmed the formation of the expected triazole linkage; showing the expected proton chemical shift corresponding to the triazole proton at 7.73 and 7.47 ppm respectively. A strain promoted azide-alkyne reaction was used to attach (1R,8S,9s)-Bicyclo[6.1.0]non-4-yn-9-ylmethanol (BCN-OH) to the azido-terminated PHA with an average yield of 94.5%. Products were analyzed by FTIR and 1H NMR.
Techniques for highly linear radio-over-fiber links

Hybrid fiber-wireless systems offer the promise of efficient high capacity fiber class data delivery to mobile and fixed wireless devices. Achieving this promise will require systems employing highly linear techniques.
Perioperative and readmission rates in open and robotic assisted radical cystectomy: A National Cancer Database analysis.

337Background: Perioperative mortality and readmission rates are evolving metrics of care being monitored in radical cystectomies (RC). We aim to evaluate these outcomes in open radical cystectomies (ORC) and robotic assisted radical cystectomies (RARC) reported in the National Cancer Database adjusted by surgery type. Methods: Using the National Cancer Database, patients treated with RC from 2003 to 2010 were identified. We evaluated the association between 90-day conditional mortality and readmission with respect to surgery type, adjusted by patient (age, gender, race/ethnicity, Charlson-Deyo score, tumor type, clinical stage, margin status and receipt of neoadjuvant chemo-or radiotherapy) and facility characteristics (overall cystectomy volume and facility type [Academic/Research, Comprehensive Community, or other]). Results: 16,923 RC cases (13,236 ORC, 3,687 RARC) were identified with 480 deaths (3.6%) after ORC and 99 deaths (2.7%) after RARC within 90 days, conditional upon surviving 30 days post-s...
Fault current contribution of Renewable Distributed Generation: An overview and key issues

Fault current contribution of Renewable Distributed Generation (DG) has become a major concern in present power industries. Installation of DG not only alters the load flow in the distribution network but can also affect the fault current during a grid disturbance. The effect of DG integration on a system can be investigated for two different types of DG: Inverter based DG (IBDGs), and Non-Inverter based DG. IBDGs have the lowest contribution to faults due to its overload handling characteristic. On the other hand, Non-Inverter based DG, generally synchronous and induction machines based DG, have higher contribution to fault currents. The contribution of inverter based and non-inverter based DGs to the fault currents depends on multiple aspects such as, control methods implemented under fault condition, penetration factor, fault location and system impedance. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the fault contribution of renewable distributed generation.
Bubble ribbons under imposed flow

Abstract Bubble rafts consisting of a single layer of bubbles floating on the surface of water have proven to be an important model system for studying materials ranging from crystalline systems to amorphous solids to complex fluids. An interesting question in foams and complex fluids is how the detailed nature of the bubble–bubble interactions determines the resulting stable states of the system, especially in the context of different approaches to generating the foam or complex fluid. In this paper, we report on the generation of bubble rafts using an imposed flow. The flow breaks the symmetry of the system and allows for the generation of stable bubble ribbons of many different widths. We report on the transition between ribbons of different widths and the ultimate separation of the system into multiple small ribbons. An interesting feature of the system is the stability of very narrow ribbons against self-folding. In principle, folding of the ribbons would produce states with lower global energy. Therefore, understanding the energy barriers and dynamics involved in the prevention of this transition will play a role in deepening our understanding of these systems.