cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Energy Revolution: A Resource Blessing or Resource Curse

Massive deposits of shale gas are now potentially accessible, thanks to the development of innovative technologies like fracking and deep water drilling. Despite some clear negatives — water and air pollution near production sites, the risks of deep water drilling, and political opposition to fracking at the local level in the United States and Europe — the promise of plentiful, inexpensive energy and the environmental benefits of burning natural gas rather than coal or oil create powerful incentives to develop natural gas production and transit capacity globally. What are the economic consequences of these activities? Recent research suggests that countries with an abundance of non-renewable resources often suffer from a variety of maladies. Sachs and Warner popularized the concept of the “resource curse” by demonstrating that countries with newfound energy resources tend to become over-dependent on commodity exports and experience comparatively slow growth rates. Their economies also become increasingly centralized, with oligopolistic firms or governments controlling the “commanding heights” of the economy. Other industries suffer from unbalanced regulation and treatment by the public sector as well as from a tendency for the national currency to become overvalued as global demand for oil or other primary export commodities grows. We argue that the infrastructure requirements for transporting natural gas and the time lag between local development and its impact on global markets created by the need to build that infrastructure create a window of opportunity during which shale gas deposits are more likely to generate “resource blessings” than the “resource curse” that has previously haunted many who discovered oil. The geographic dispersion of shale reserves and the heavy reliance on pipelines for transporting gas broaden the positive spillover effects by creating a demand for local infrastructure development and promoting opportunities for local management. Meanwhile, difficulties in transporting natural gas enable local markets to benefit from cheap energy as gas without demand from international markets driving up prices or altering national currency values. As with oil, if the transit capacity of natural gas increases sufficiently to eliminate opportunity for arbitrage the potential for a resource curse will return. Until that point, natural gas will continue to provide a boon to the U.S. economy and other countries that develop newfound reserves.
Lessons learned from robotic-assisted coronary artery bypass surgery: risk factors for conversion to median sternotomy.

ObjectiveRobotic-assisted coronary artery bypass is a minimally invasive alternative to traditional coronary artery bypass surgery via median sternotomy with an associated learning curve. The purpo...
Acanthamoeba Keratitis: Clinical Signs and Analysis of Outcome

Early diagnosis and aggressive medical treatment [1] of amebic infections with topical medications appear to be important factors in the successful medical control of acanthamoeba keratitis. The use of corticosteroids is more controversial [2]. This study reports our clinical observations for all 14 cases of acanthamoeba keratitis on file at the Proctor Foundation and reviews previously published cases, retrospectively reviewing outcome (control vs. failure of medical intervention) as it relates to intensity of treatment, time to diagnosis, and use of corticosteroids.
Mechanical Advantage of a Compliant Mechanism and Significant Factors Affecting it, Using the Pseudo-Rigid-Body Model Approach

Although work related to mechanical advantage of compliant mechanisms has been presented almost two decades ago, unlike many rigid-body mechanism systems, this performance measure has seldom been used. In great part, the reasons are attributed to, one, the relatively recent development of and a lack of familiarity with this technology and, two, the complexity of the understanding and evaluation of mechanical advantage of compliant systems. In an effort to simplify the evaluation, this work uses the pseudo-rigid-body model (PRBM) of a compliant mechanism, along with traditional notions of power conservation and angular velocity ratios using instant centers. As a first step, the inherent compliance in the mechanism is neglected in determining its mechanical advantage, followed by considerations to optimize its structural configuration for enhancing its mechanical advantage. The PRBM methodology, which offers us a way to estimate the characteristic compliance of the mechanism, now enables its inclusion in determining the mechanical advantage of the compliant mechanism. Two significant factors affecting it are i) the structural configuration of the PRBM, and ii) the energy stored in compliant elements of the mechanism. Several case studies are presented, which suggest that minimizing the latter contribution relative to that of an optimized structural configuration may improve the mechanical advantage of a compliant mechanism. Nonetheless, its effect on the mechanical advantage cannot be neglected.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Research and development of signal acquisition unit model

With core device 8051 micro-controller and expanding IO-port through Intel 8255A to gather multi-channel signal ,and the final results of data processing are sent out through serial ports. The paper, based on the characteristic of bit operation of 51-series single-chip and by means of analysis method of mathematical statistics, develops a low-cost, simple- structure, reliable-function and highly efficient-algorithm signal acquisition unit model ,which supplies parallel or serial communication interface and can be further developed.
Soybean Plastidal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Desaturase Genes GmFAD7 and GmFAD8 : Structure and Expression

We characterized soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] FAD7 and FAD8 gene structure and expression responses to temperature and pathogen stress to compare and contrast these features to those reported for higher plant plastidal omega-3 (ω-3) desaturases. We found that the genomic structure and deduced amino acid sequence of soybean FAD7 and FAD8 are similar to other higher plant plastidal w-3 desaturases: eight exons and seven introns, predicted proteins of 453 amino acid residues containing three conserved histidine motifs, amino terminal chloroplast transit peptides, and molecular masses of 51.3 and 51.4 kDa, respectively. GmFAD7 has 76% amino acid sequence identity to GmFAD8. Two complete copies of GmFAD7, one on chromosome 18 and one on chromosome 7, and two complete copies of GmFAD8, one on chromosome 3 and one on chromosome 1 of the 'Williams 82' soybean genome, were found with strong sequence similarity to GmFAD7 and GmFAD8 of cultivar Dare. Dare GmFAD7 transcript expression in leaves remained at a relatively low level and was unaffected by any of the temperature treatments we imposed, but GmFAD8 transcript accumulation was sharply upregulated by a cool temperature (20/16°C day/night) after a 12 h exposure and total linolenic acid as a percent of total leaf fatty acids increased from 60 to about 68% after 48 h at the cool temperature. Inoculation of soybean leaves with the fungal pathogen Cercospora kikuchii differentially upregulated the level of GmFAD7 transcripts to twice that of GmFAD8 by 12 h postinoculation. The response of soybean foliar FAD8 expression and linolenic acid levels to cool temperature was similar to observations in other plants. On the other hand, despite increased soybean FAD7 expression in response to foliar pathogen stress the expected associated increase in foliar linolenic acid was not detected.
Epidemiologic Features of Measles in Chongming County of Shanghai City during 2004—2008

[Objective]To master the epidemic features and rules of measles in Chongming County of Shanghai City,and explore the suitable prevention and control measures.[Methods]The epidemic data and monitoring data of measles from 2004 to 2008 were collected and analyzed with statistical software.[Results]Totally 47 cases of measles were reported,the average incidence was 1.498/100 000.The incidence increased annually,the peak appeared during March to July;Cases distributed in each township,with significantly regional difference;most cases were adults over 20 years(57.45%)and children aged 8 months to 1 year(21.28%).The career distribution was mainly scattered children,who accounted for 36.17% of the total cases.[Conclusion]It is necessary to strengthen the management of floating population,to enhance targeted measles surveillance continuously,and to implement high-quality routine measles immunization,so as to achieve the goal of control and elimination of measles.
The Yidong(一动) and It’s Development in Huaiyuan(怀远) Dialect, Anhui(安徽) Province

There are three kinds of meaning of the Yidong(一动) in Huaiyuan(怀远) dialect: urgencie, be prone to, soon. They are emplaced in different place, act as adverbials and never be confused in sentences. There are some words resembled to the Yidong(一动) in other areas, but limited to the meaning of be prone to. The other two kinds of meaning appear belong to Huaiyuan(怀远) dialect alone. The three kinds of meaning of the Yidong(一动) in Huaiyuan(怀远) dialect are the results of grammaticalization.
Opposing Effects of Maternal Hypo- and Hyperthyroidism on the Stability of Thalamocortical Synapses in the Visual Cortex of Adult Offspring

Insufficient or excessive thyroid hormone (TH) levels during fetal development can cause long-term neurological and cognitive problems. Studies in animal models of perinatal hypo- and hyperthyroidism suggest that these problems may be a consequence of the formation of maladaptive circuitry in the cerebral cortex, which can persist into adulthood. Here we used mouse models of maternal hypo- and hyperthyroidism to investigate the long-term effects of altering thyroxine (T4) levels during pregnancy (corresponding to embryonic days 6.5-18.5) on thalamocortical (TC) axon dynamics in adult offspring. Because perinatal hypothyroidism has been linked to visual processing deficits in humans, we performed chronic two-photon imaging of TC axons and boutons in primary visual cortex (V1). We found that a decrease or increase in maternal serum T4 levels was associated with atypical steady-state dynamics of TC axons and boutons in V1 of adult offspring. Hypothyroid offspring exhibited axonal branch and bouton dynamics indicative of an abnormal increase in TC connectivity, whereas changes in hyperthyroid offspring were indicative of an abnormal decrease in TC connectivity. Collectively, our data suggest that alterations to prenatal T4 levels can cause long-term synaptic instability in TC circuits, which could impair early stages of visual processing.
How profitable is medical malpractice insurance

High medical malpractice insurance premiums charged to physicians have created the perception of a crisis. Some researchers have expressed the concern that medical malpractice insurance companies are making excessive profits. In this paper I compute the actual and allowable normal underwriting profit rates in medical malpractice, as well as in other liability lines, for six large insurance companies. These allowable, normal profit rates are then compared with actual profit rates to evaluate the relative profitability of each line of insurance. Data from 1978 through 1986 show that medical malpractice insurance ranked medium in underwriting profitability compared with other lines of insurance, and during 1985-86 it was the least profitable insurance business.
Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics in Children After Heart Transplantation.

Background— Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is multifactorial and can be an indicator of graft rejection or coronary artery vasculopathy. Analysis of rotational mechanics may help in the early diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction. Studies describing the left ventricular rotational strain in children after OHT are lacking. It is important to establish the baseline rotational mechanics in pediatric OHT to pursue further studies in this population. Methods and Results— Rotational strain measured by speckle tracking was compared in 32 children after OHT, with no evidence of active rejection or coronary artery vasculopathy with 35 age-matched normal controls. Twelve OHT patients and 13 controls underwent moderate exercise with pre- and postexercise echocardiography. Torsion, slope of the systolic limb of the torsion–radial displacement loop, and the untwist rate were significantly higher in OHT patients (torsion: median 2.7°/cm [Q1–Q3, 2.3–3.2] versus 2.3°/cm [Q1–Q3, 1.9–2.7]; P =0.03, torsion–radial displacement loop: 2.7°/mm [Q1–Q3, 2.1–3.6] versus 2.0°/mm [Q1–Q3, 1.6–2.7]; P =0.008, indexed peak untwist rate: −21.6°/s/cm [Q1–Q3, −24.3 to −15.7] versus −17.1°/s/cm [Q1–Q3, −19.6 to −13.3]; P =0.01). Contrary to controls, OHT recipients were unable to increase torsion with exercise (OHT: 2.8°/cm [2.7–3.2] versus 3°/cm [2.4–3.5]; P =0.81, controls: 2.2°/cm [2–2.6] versus 3°/cm [2.4–3.7]; P =0.01, pre and post exercise, respectively). The systolic slope of the torsion–radial displacement loop relationship decreased with exercise in most OHT patients. Conclusions— Baseline rotational strain in OHT patients is higher than normal with a blunted response to exercise. The slope of torsion–radial displacement loop, and its response to exercise, may serve as a marker of left ventricular dysfunction in OHT patients.
Switch T cell line, ST, induces an Ig class switch in surface isotype.

We have previously demonstrated that T cells, Trac, isolated from a patient with Sezary’s/mycosis fungoides was capable of inducing an Ig class switch in B cells derived from patients with immunodeficiency and hyper-IgM (1,2). Previously, it had been postulated that the defect in these patients was intrinsic to the B cell, being incapable of switching from p to y or a (3,4). However, we have now studied 13 such patients with 11 able to secrete IgG alone or in conjunction with IgA, in the presence of Trac and pokeweed mitogen (2). Despite these findings, two major areas remain to be elucidated: (a) the mechanism of T cell induction of the class switch and (b) determination of the normal counterpart of the malignant Trac cell.
Optimizing In Vitro Pre-mRNA 3′ Cleavage Efficiency: Reconstitution from Anion-Exchange Separated HeLa Cleavage Factors and from Adherent HeLa Cell Nuclear Extract

Eukaryotic RNA processing steps during mRNA maturation present the cell with opportunities for gene expression regulation. One such step is the pre-mRNA 3' cleavage reaction, which defines the downstream end of the 3' untranslated region and, in nearly all mRNA, prepares the message for addition of the poly(A) tail. The in vitro reconstitution of 3' cleavage provides an experimental means to investigate the roles of the various multi-subunit cleavage factors. Anion-exchange chromatography is the simplest procedure for separating the core mammalian cleavage factors. Here we describe a method for optimizing the in vitro reconstitution of 3' cleavage activity from the DEAE-sepharose separated HeLa cleavage factors and show how to ensure, or avoid, dependence on creatine phosphate. Important reaction components needed for optimal processing are discussed. We also provide an optimized procedure for preparing small-scale HeLa nuclear extracts from adherent cells for use in 3' cleavage in vitro.
The Nuclear Pattern of the Telencephalon of the Blacksnake, Coluber constrictor constrictor

The brain of the blacksnake, Coluber c. constrictor, a species distributed throughout the Eastern United States, was used for the study. The material was fixed in 10% formalin and stained with thionin. This material is the property of the Department of Anatomy, University of Alabama and loaned to the author for study.
Join-the-shortest-queue scheduling with delay

Scheduling in queueing networks concerns a scenario where a scheduler, using system backlog information, decides to which processor to route arriving jobs to achieve various objectives. However, in such scenarios, a significant yet inevitable challenge facing the scheduler in practice is its delayed access to such system configuration information. In this paper, we incorporate this crucial delay element by considering the join-the-shortest-queue scheduling scheme and studying the effects on the system stability and performance arising from random delay in terms of the scheduler's access to system updates information. We characterize the interesting phenomenon observed that is of practical value: the join-the-shortest-queue is robust in the presence of such information delays.
Petit capitalisms in disaster, or the limits of neoliberal imagination: displacement, recovery, and opportunism in highland Ecuador.

Disaster capitalism is typically defined as a systematic and opportunistic reconfiguration of economies and economic regulations in service of capitalist interests under the cover of environmental crisis. This article offers another complementary variety of disaster capitalismâ€”the production of capitalist subjects, petit capitalists â€œempoweredâ€ by the state and nongovernmental organizations via initiation into the special knowledge and crafts of small enterprise. This is at once a wellâ€ intentioned strategy and one that reveals the limits of neoliberal imaginationâ€”the inability to envision recovery but through individualistic, entrepreneurial endeavors. In my study of recovery from the eruptions of Mt. Tungurahua in Ecuador, I present cases of state and nongovernmental organizations providing aid and recovery to affected highland peasants. These projects reveal people being moved to assume certain subjectivities by limited â€œinventories of possibilityâ€ and an internalization of dominant norms and structures. Even as subjects posture their culture and practices as moral, communitarian alternatives to capitalist greed, local economic strategies took on entrepreneurial characteristics that articulated with neoliberal ambitions of state and global institutions; peasant ambitions and desires are produced and invoked as if they were locally derived, while at the same time being coâ€ constituted by dominant interests. I discuss how these dramas unfold, with attention to the creative agency exercised by locals.
Preliminary investigation of human exhaled breath for tuberculosis diagnosis by multidimensional gas chromatography - Time of flight mass spectrometry and machine learning.

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global public health malady that claims almost 1.8 million lives annually. Diagnosis of TB represents perhaps one of the most challenging aspects of tuberculosis control. Gold standards for diagnosis of active TB (culture and nucleic acid amplification) are sputum-dependent, however, in up to a third of TB cases, an adequate biological sputum sample is not readily available. The analysis of exhaled breath, as an alternative to sputum-dependent tests, has the potential to provide a simple, fast, and non-invasive, and ready-available diagnostic service that could positively change TB detection. Human breath has been evaluated in the setting of active tuberculosis using thermal desorption-comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–time of flight mass spectrometry methodology. From the entire spectrum of volatile metabolites in breath, three random forest machine learning models were applied leading to the generation of a panel of 46 breath features. The twenty-two common features within each random forest model used were selected as a set that could distinguish subjects with confirmed pulmonary M. tuberculosis infection and people with other pathologies than TB.
Breaking down the lithification bias: the effect of preferential sampling of larger specimens on the estimate of species richness, evenness, and average specimen size

Abstract. Lithification, the transition of unconsolidated sediments to fully indurated rocks, can potentially bias estimates of species richness, evenness, and body size distribution derived from fossil assemblages. Fossil collections made from well-indurated rocks consistently exhibit lower species richness, lower evenness, and larger average specimen size relative to collections made from unconsolidated sediments, even when collections are drawn from the same assemblage. This phenomenon is known as “lithification bias.” While the bias itself has been demonstrated empirically, much less attention has been paid to its causes. Proposed causes include taphonomic processes (e.g., destruction of small specimens during early diagenesis) and methodological differences (e.g., sieving vs. counting specimens on outcrops, bedding surfaces, or mechanically split surfaces). Here we investigate the potential effects of preferential intersection that could also result in a methodologically related bias: the preferentia...
Euclid and Non-Euclid

At the beginning of Euclid’s monumental thirteen volume text The Elements [18], there is a list of 23 Definitions, five Postulates, and five Common Notions. This book focuses on just one of these, the fifth postulate, commonly known as the “Parallel Postulate.” Before we can do that, though, it will be necessary to get some idea of what these definitions, etc., are all about. If you are familiar with Euclid’s axioms you may be able to skip this section, which is a brief (and perhaps a bit technical) review.
Thermally Tunable III-V Photonics Architecture for Coherent Nonlinear Optical Circuits

We develop a thermally tunable hybrid photonics architecture integrating GaAs photonic crystal cavities, SiNx grating couplers and waveguides, and chromium microheaters. We demonstrate external signal coupling to frequency-synchronized microcavities connected by a bus waveguide.
Successful Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis with Ustekinumab in a Patient with Chronic Hepatitis B and Latent Tuberculosis

Ustekinumab is a human monoclonal antibody that binds to the shared p40 subunit of interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 and is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. Given its immunos...
When “things” get older: Exploring circuit aging in IoT applications

The Internet of Things (IoT) brings a paradigm where humans and “things” are connected. Reliability of these devices becomes extremely critical. Circuit aging has become a limiting factor in technology scaling and a significant challenge in designing IoT systems for reliability-critical applications. As IoT becomes a general-purpose technology which starts to adapt to the advanced process nodes, it is necessary to understand how and on what level aging affects different categories of IoT applications. Since aging is highly dependent on operating conditions and switching activities, this paper classifies the IoT applications based on the aging-related metrics and studies aging using the foundry-provided FinFET aging models. We show that for many IoT applications, aging will indeed add to the already tight design margin. As the expected chip lifetime in IoT devices becomes much longer and the failure tolerant requirements of these applications become much more strict, we conclude that aging needs to be considered in the full design cycle and the IoT lifetime estimation needs to incorporate aging as an important factor. We also present application-specific solutions to mitigate circuit aging in IoT systems.
Rural-urban and racial-ethnic differences in awareness of direct-to-consumer genetic testing

Access to direct-to-consumer genetic testing services has increased in recent years. However, disparities in knowledge and awareness of these services are not well documented. We examined awareness of genetic testing services by rural/urban and racial/ethnic status. Analyses were conducted using pooled cross-sectional data from 4 waves (2011–2014) of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Descriptive statistics compared sample characteristics and information sources by rural/urban residence. Logistic regression was used to examine the relationship between geography, racial/ethnic status, and awareness of genetic testing, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Of 13,749 respondents, 16.7% resided in rural areas, 13.8% were Hispanic, and 10.1% were non-Hispanic black. Rural residents were less likely than urban residents to report awareness of genetic testing (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.63–0.87). Compared with non-Hispanic whites, racial/ethnic minorities were less likely to be aware of genetic testing: Hispanic (OR = 0.68, 95% CI = 0.56–0.82); and non-Hispanic black (OR = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.61–0.90). Rural-urban and racial-ethnic differences exist in awareness of direct-to-consumer genetic testing. These differences may translate into disparities in the uptake of genetic testing, health behavior change, and disease prevention through precision and personalized medicine.
Collaborative Decision Making for Small Groups Utilizing UTA Methods

Decision Aid process involving many stakeholders constitute a complex situation while requires the reconciliation of multiple views, interests and preferences. Multicriteria Disaggregation—Aggregation approaches such as UTA(*) and UTA II support the estimation of additive value preference models utilizing the Decision Makers (DMs) global preferences expressed by the pre-ranking of a limited set of alternative actions evaluated on a consistent family of criteria. This research work presents the exploitation of UTA methods and voting collective functions of Social Choice Theory in order to support decision aid process in a multi-agents decision environment. Also, the RACES systems developed to support small group decision aid process, accompanying the MINORA and MIIDAS system is presented and illustrated through a real world cases study.
The Principle of Uniformity Revisited

I should like finally to consider a problem which, because it has so long exercised philosophers, has come to give scientists cause to worry about their own procedure and their own methods of reasoning. The problem has to do with the justification of induction.
Einsatz der flammenlosen Atom-Absorption zur Bestimmung von Spurenmetallen in Wasser und Abwasser

Die flammenlose Atom-Absorptions-Spektroskopie in der Graphitrohrkuvette wird zur Bestimmung von Metallspuren in naturlichem Wasser und Abwasser eingesetzt, besonders im Hinblick auf Probleme der Umweltkontrolle. Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn und Pb werden im Bodensee und seinen wichtigsten Zuflussen bestimmt und mit den Werten fur Ammonium, Chlorid und Phosphat verglichen. Zusammenhange zwischen erhohten Spurenelementgehalten und dem allgemeinen Verschmutzungsgrad werden gepruft. Die flammenlose Atom-Absorption bietet als Direktverfahren den Vorteil hoher Prazision und Richtigkeit im μg/l-Bereich.
Beyond excellence: Extending the generic approach to international public relations: The case of Bosnia

This article extends the generic approach to international public relations research. The current generic approach, based on the Excellence theory of public relations, suggests a normative framework to study and evaluate international public relations practices. This generic approach has great potential for focusing international research and clarifying infrastructure, geopolitical, legal, cultural, media, and other important variables. Unfortunately, this generic approach has been mainly used to confirm the Excellence model of public relations. Thus, it falls short of providing scholars and practitioners the tools they need to conduct and study global public relations. This paper seeks to clarify international public relations research by explicating rhetorical generic theory (RGT).
Opinions and Experiences of University Faculty Regarding Library Research Instruction : Results of a Web-based Survey at the University of Southern Colorado

Abstract In March 2000, all 188 University of Southern Colorado (USC) nonlibrary faculty members were surveyed to determine their needs and opinions regarding library research instruction. Forty-four (23.40%) of the faculty responded to questions concerning their past experiences with library research instruction, the frequency with which they use various library and Internet resources, the types of library research instruction they currently use with their students, and their level of support for proposed new programs. Results showed an overwhelming interest on the part of respondents for an online library research skills tutorial. The survey also revealed the need for professional development opportunities for faculty. A higher proportion of respondents with 10 years or less of teaching experience than those with more than 10 years of experience indicated they had received formal library instruction from a librarian. However, no direct correlation could be shown between years of teaching experience and respondents' perceived value of library research instruction. Nor did a correlation exist to show that respondents with fewer years of teaching experience were more likely to ask a librarian to provide formal library instruction to their students. In fact, respondents with more than 20 years of teaching experience provided most types of library instruction more often than less experienced respondents. Overall, USC faculty rated their students' abilities to conduct library research very low. However, they had slightly more confidence in their students' abilities to find, evaluate, and use information they found on the Internet over information from traditional print sources.
The Transformation of Banking and CEO Compensation

We examine the compensation strategies of commercial bank holding companies (BHCs) over the period 1992-2000 to assess the impact of some fundamental changes in their business activities. In particular, we seek to determine whether CEO compensation is more closely tied to the presence of growth options and to risk than has been revealed by earlier research. We also specifically examine whether BHC entry into investment banking has influenced their compensation policies. Our evidence shows a stronger link between the presence of growth options and CEO compensation in the 1990s than observed in earlier studies and that pay-for-performance sensitivities are substantially larger for BHCs that have entered the underwriting business. We also find that BHC leverage and variability in returns have significant, positive effects on CEO incentive pay. Finally, we find some evidence supporting the hypothesis that pay for performance sensitivities decline generally at BHCs as return variability increases, as agency theory predicts.
Pathways into the Profession: Native Americans in Student Affairs

This study explores how Native American student affairs professionals entered the field and factors influencing their decision to pursue a career in student affairs. Fifty-two participants responded to an online survey. Awareness of student affairs came through involvement in campus organizations and student leadership, and respondents pursued student affairs to provide programs, services, and to give back to Native American students and community. Implications for Native American students and recruitment into the profession are discussed.
Scaling the Interactive Dot Map

Dot maps are effective for cartographic visualization of categorical data. Recent advances in Web mapping technology have facilitated the development of interactive dot maps, in which users can pan...
The evidence for motivated reasoning in climate change preference formation

Despite a scientific consensus, citizens are divided when it comes to climate change — often along political lines. Democrats or liberals tend to believe that human activity is a primary cause of climate change, whereas Republicans or conservatives are much less likely to hold this belief. A prominent explanation for this divide is that it stems from directional motivated reasoning: individuals reject new information that contradicts their standing beliefs. In this Review, we suggest that the empirical evidence is not so clear, and is equally consistent with a theory in which citizens strive to form accurate beliefs but vary in what they consider to be credible evidence. This suggests a new research agenda on climate change preference formation, and has implications for effective communication. In this Review, a Bayesian framework is used to explain climate change belief updating, and the evidence required to support claims of directional motivated reasoning versus a model in which people aim for accurate beliefs, but vary in how they assess information credibility.
Combinations of slow translating codon clusters can increase mRNA half-life

Abstract The introduction of a single, non-optimal codon cluster into a transcript was found to cause ribosomes to queue upstream of it and decrease the transcript’s half-life through the action of the dead box protein Dhh1p, which interacts with stalled ribosomes and promotes transcript degradation. Naturally occurring transcripts often contain multiple slow codon clusters, but the influence of these combinations of clusters on a transcript’s half-life is unknown. Using a kinetic model that describes translation and mRNA degradation, we find that the introduction of a second slow codon cluster into a transcript near the 5′-end can have the opposite effect than that of the first cluster by increasing the mRNA’s half-life. We experimentally validate this finding by showing that S. cerevisiae transcripts that only have a slow codon cluster towards the 3′-end of the coding sequence have shorter half-lives than transcripts with non-optimal clusters at both 3′ and 5′ -ends. The origin of this increase in half-life arises from the 5′-end cluster suppressing the formation of ribosome queues upstream of the second cluster, thereby decreasing the opportunities for translation-dependent degradation machinery, such as the Dhh1p protein, to interact with stalled ribosomes. We also find in the model that in the presence of two slow codon clusters the cluster closest to 5′-end is the primary determinant of mRNA half-life. These results identify two of the rules governing the influence of slow codon clusters on mRNA half-life, demonstrate that multiple slow codon clusters can have synergistic effects, and indicate that codon usage bias can play a more nuanced role in controlling cellular protein levels than previously thought.
Mapping curriculum learning outcomes to ACRL's Framework threshold concepts: A syllabus study

Abstract The aim of this study was to align information literacy instruction with curriculum learning outcomes as defined by teaching faculty in their syllabi. Using a syllabus study, a cross-disciplinary collection of 180 course syllabi were reviewed for learning outcomes, assignments with research components, and references to library resources and services. Key faculty-defined learning outcomes were mapped to the Association for College and Research Libraries Information Literacy Framework for Higher Education threshold concepts. Based on learning theory, introducing information literacy concepts is most effective when done at the time of need, guaranteeing that students utilize the skills immediately, and are more likely to retain the knowledge and skills learned. The author proposes a tiered approach to information literacy instruction, with novice skills introduced in lower-level courses and expert skills for upper-level and graduate courses to meet learning outcomes. Suggestions of how each of the threshold concepts can be applied to develop instructional activities to achieve learning outcomes are presented.
The impact of interdisciplinary shared medical appointments in newly diagnosed early-stage melanoma patients: The Cleveland Clinic experience.

230Background: Shared Medical Appointments (SMA) serve as a unique means of improving outcomes and patient satisfaction while reducing clinic wait times and healthcare costs. Early-stage melanoma s...
Experimental and numerical investigation of the Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer (AFIDA) constant-volume combustion chamber as a research platform for fuel chemical kinetic mechanism validation

Abstract Advanced combustion engine strategies that can offer increased efficiency and reduced emissions are enabled by numerical engine combustion simulations, requiring accurate chemical kinetic mechanism input. The Advanced Fuel Ignition Delay Analyzer (AFIDA) device can perform high quality, repeatable measurements of ignition delay (ID) times using small fuel quantities with high throughput. The AFIDA experiments involve liquid fuel injection into the heated and pressurized constant-volume chamber, producing an autoignition delay resulting from a combination of physical mixing and chemical kinetic processes, a complexity which makes the development of complementary numerical models necessary for the development and validation of chemical kinetic mechanisms. Modeling the device based on a homogenous approximation with reduced primary reference fuel (PRF) mechanism shows up to 75% error in the modeled vs. observed autoignition delay data for n-heptane and iso-octane at 10 bar (ɸ = 1.2–0.8) and 20 bar (ɸ = 0.6–0.4) over 973–648 K, whereas the use of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model reduces the discrepancy to within 25%. The homogenous approximation error is greatest for conditions where the observed ignition delay is short and the system is not sufficiently mixed (
Privacy and Agency are Critical to a Flourishing Biomedical Research Enterprise: Misconceptions About the Role of CLIA

The CLIA status of a lab that generates research data is regularly perceived to interfere with the ability of individuals to access data about themselves for a variety of reasons, including to advance research as an active participant who seeks to contribute to the research process in ways that go beyond serving solely as a source of tissue or data for others to use. Barbara Evans and Susan Wolf have made a compelling case that, contrary to conventional wisdom, the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments of 1988 (CLIA) do not prohibit the return of research results from a non-CLIA lab when that return is done for any reason other than “for the purpose of providing information for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or the assessment of the health of, human beings." As a result of this analysis, two pearls of conventional wisdom that have impeded efforts to engage, respect, and honor the civil rights of research participants logically fall.
Supporting your neurodiverse student population with the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) framework

This Innovative Practice Work-In-Progress paper describes the application of the Universal Design for Learning framework in ECE courses to support students with a diverse range of strengths and weaknesses, including those who may have “invisible’' disabilities such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Universal design guidelines identify qualities of instruction that take into account the diversity, including physical and neurological diversity, of the student body. This paper provides a summary of the Universal Design for Learning (UDL) guidelines, and examples of their application in ECE courses. The author aims to begin a conversation about the application of UDL principles to ECE courses, and potentially collaborate with other instructors to implement and evaluate UDL in the ECE curriculum.
Contraceptive Counseling in the Postpartum Period: Could Pediatricians Have a Role?

Unplanned pregnancies lead to adverse health outcomes and contribute to economic burdens. A lack of continuity and consistency in immediate postpartum care may be a contributor. The most frequent postpartum medical encounters occur with the child’s pediatric health care provider, which represents an opportunity to discuss postpartum contraception. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate postpartum family planning knowledge and behavior in women, and to assess the potential acceptability of a pediatrician-delivered intervention to improve knowledge of and convenient access to contraception among postpartum women. This was a non-interventional pilot study that employed survey and interview methodology. Women attending pediatric visits for their newborn or infant (N = 346) were surveyed; 35 were interviewed. On average, respondents were 27 years old (SD = 6), 6 months postpartum (SD = 5), and resumed sex 8 weeks after delivery (SD = 6). Of those who had resumed sex, 68% were not using contraception at the time. However, only 18% of survey respondents wanted to have another child. Few exhibited accurate knowledge of birth spacing or long acting reversible contraception. Most interviewees (86%) supported the idea of pediatricians providing contraceptive counseling. Concerns identified included whether it was “allowable” and pediatrician’s lack of knowledge of complex maternal health histories. This study highlights a gap between contraceptive need and provision in postpartum women. However, the findings suggest women’s willingness to engage in conversations with their child’s pediatrician about family planning. Future research should assess the feasibility and impact of integrating postpartum counseling into pediatric visits.
Killing the Spirit: Higher Education in America

(1991). Killing the Spirit: Higher Education in America. The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 62, No. 5, pp. 593-595.
Examining the Use of Hofstede's Uncertainty Avoidance Construct in International Research: A 25-Year Review

The goal of this research was to determine the manner in which Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance construct has been incorporated into international research. Hofstede’s work is often referenced in this realm of work, but how, specifically, is it used? This study provides a framework of this dimension from Hofstede’s work that other researchers can use as a resource for planning articles and/or as a benchmark upon which to develop further studies. During our data gathering, we identified 118 articles in the Journal of International Business Studies (i.e., the outlet for his initial article) that used Hofstede’s uncertainty avoidance. Three articles mentioned uncertainty avoidance in the research notes and 15 used uncertainty avoidance to support positions taken in the literature review. Forty-one articles used uncertainty avoidance while explaining their research hypotheses. Of the remaining 59 articles, 29 used Hofstede’s data to compare countries using composite indices, and 30 used uncertainty avoidance as an independent or control variable.
Impact of the supplemental nutritional assistance program on diet-related disease morbidity among older adults.

OBJECTIVES To examine the health effects of the Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program (SNAP) and the differential impact of SNAP across race/ethnicity among older adults. DATA SOURCE/STUDY SETTING 2008-2013 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, a nationally representative population-based complex sample survey. STUDY DESIGN A difference-in-regression-discontinuity (DRD) design is used to assess the impacts of SNAP on diet-related disease morbidity. The primary outcomes were the prevalence rate of hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and cancer. We also conducted supplemental analysis to examine potential co-occurring trends in medical utilization. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS Data are publicly available. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In the full sample, SNAP eligibility was associated with a significant decline in diabetes (-3.71 percentage points [pp]; P < .05). Non-Hispanic (NH) White respondents reported trends similar to the full sample; however, NH Black respondents reported large declines in hypertension (-13.95 pp; P < .01) and Hispanic respondents reported declines in the prevalence of angina (-6.94 pp; P < .05) and stroke (-4.48 pp; P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Supplemental Nutritional Assistance Program eligibility was associated with the reduced prevalence of diet-related disease among older adults. These observed declines in the prevalence of diet-related disease do not appear to be attributable to increased medical visits or spending on medical services and prescriptions.
Surgical Techniques for Tonsillectomy and Perioperative Respiratory Complications in Children

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the incidence of perioperative respiratory complications in children following tonsillectomy with cold and hot dissection surgical techniques.Study ...
Multidose pharmacokinetics and safety of a modified, compounded theophylline product in dogs.

Theophylline is used in canine medicine for the management of chronic bronchitis and bradyarrhythmias, yet no species-validated commercial products are available. This study reports the single-dose and multidose pharmacokinetics and safety of a modified, compounded theophylline (MCT) product readily available from a well-established, USP-compliant compounding pharmacy, which may be a suitable and reliable source for theophylline for dogs. Eleven dogs underwent serial plasma theophylline measurement following 10 mg/kg MCT PO. After a 7 days washout, dogs received 10 mg/kg MCT PO q12h and serial plasma theophylline quantification was repeated after the ninth dose. Dogs were monitored for potential adverse effects. For the nine dogs that completed the study, plasma theophylline concentrations were between 5 and 30 μg/ml for 91 +/- 15% of the dosing interval. There was no significant difference in half-life between single-dose and multidose administration. The most common adverse effects reported were mild and included agitation, excitement, and increased activity. The results of this study support the use of 10 mg/kg MCT administered twice daily as a starting dosage in dogs. This regimen appears safe, achieves appropriate plasma drug concentrations in most dogs, and does not cause significant changes in pharmacokinetic properties at steady state. Because compounded drugs do not undergo consistent testing for identity, quality, strength, purity, and stability, results of research described in reports using compounded products may not be reproducible.
“Crisis Coverage Gap”: The Divide between Public Interest and Local News’ Facebook Posts about COVID-19 in the United States

This study sought to theorize the crisis coverage gap, a new way of understanding the divide between public information needs and local digital news coverage during a crisis, through the context of...
The Persistence of Subjectivity: On the Kantian Aftermath

1. Introduction: 'bourgeois philosophy' and the problem of the subject Part I: 2. The Kantian aftermath: reaction and revolution in modern German philosophy Part II: 3. Necessary conditions for the possibility of what isn't: Heidegger on failed meaning 4. Gadamer's Hegel: subjectivity and reflection 5. Negative ethics: Adorno on the falseness of bourgeois life 6. The unavailability of the ordinary: Strauss on the philosophical fate of modernity 7. Hannah Arendt and the bourgeois origins of totalitarian evil 8. On not being a neo-structuralist: remarks on Manfred Frank and romantic subjectivity 9. Leaving nature behind: or, two cheers for subjectivism: on John McDowell Part III: 10. The ethical status of civility 11. Medical practice and Social authority in modernity Part IV. Expression: 12. The force of felt necessity: literature, ethical knowledge, and the law 13. What was abstract art? (from the point of view of Hegel) 14. On becoming who one is: Proust's problematic selves.