cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tied Together Wirelessly: How Maintaining Communication with Parents Affects College Adjustment and Integration

Is college a time to separate from family in order to establish one’s independent identity or a time where maintaining contact with parents helps students’ journey? Drawing from Weidman’s (Undergraduate socialization: a conceptual approach. In: Smart JC (ed) Higher education: handbook of theory and research, vol 5. Agathon Press, New York, 1989; and Socialization of students in higher education: organizational perspectives. In Conrad & Serlin (eds). The Sage handbook for research in education: engaging ideas and enriching inquiry. Sage, Thousand Oaks, 2006) model of undergraduate socialization, this chapter presents a quantitative, longitudinal analysis of how parental communication during college predicts adjustment and integration, and addresses whether these effects are dependent upon students’ gender, race, or class. This research suggests that students are gravitating towards more asynchronous modes of communication with their parents. Further, it found that students’ interactions with their parents do have some positive relationships with their adjustment and integration, even after controlling for other pre-college traits and college experiences. More importantly, peers and faculty were shown to be much stronger predictors of adjustment and integration relative to the role played by parents. The chapter concludes with recommendations of how future iterations of Weidman’s model should address the interdependence of relationships on college student development. While the model acknowledges how students maintain ties with parents during college, it does not account for the potential influence parental communication may have on students’ relationships with peers, faculty, and staff.
Plant cell growth: Cellulose caught slipping.

“Neither you nor I nor anyone know, how oats, peas, beans, and barley grow.” Like all fine nursery rhymes, this couplet rings true, but a new study brings us a step closer to being able to retort: “Do so!”
Some Observations on Linguistics for Scene Analysis

ABSTRACT Despite the numerous linguistic and syntactic procedures proposed for scene analysis, the features in terms of which a real scene can be modelled have not been defined in a comprehensive manner. In the processing of the image of a real scene a profusion of features are obtained. A large percentage of these are extraneous while some critical ones used in the linguistic description will be missing. To find a predefined combination of features from such a collection, even on a probabilistic basis, results in a combinatorial explosion. Yet, in the literature on psychology of vision, on the effects of brain damage, on how to draw pictures, etc., there is a wealth of hints on how “biological systems” appear to solve the scene analysis problem. To biological systems scene analysis “comes naturally”; one is not even aware that the problem exists. Some observational results will be compared with computational procedures.
Compatibility and Interoperability in Mobile Phone-Based Banking Networks

In many developing countries of Africa and Asia, cell phones are used (i) to transfer money across individuals; (ii) to securely self-transport money, and (iii) to save/store money. These banking networks ride on top of wireless telecommunications networks. Traditionally each banking network was tied to the network of a telecom carrier and transfers were available only within the carrier’s network, making it incompatible with banking networks of other carriers. In Tanzania, mobile banking under incompatibility was well established for a decade until September 2015 when the second, third, and fourth largest carriers established full compatibility of their banking networks. Analyzing a comprehensive dataset of banking transactions provided by a large telecom carrier in Tanzania, this paper discusses pricing under compatibility, contrasts with pricing under incompatibility. We analyze the transaction termination fees in this environment of practically no regulation, and assesses the individual and collective incentives for compatibility, noting that the largest carrier has remained incompatible. We find that carriers have agreed to very high prices for transfers across networks, and calculate the welfare gains if either (i) across-networks transfers were priced like within-network transfers; or (ii) pricing was at marginal cost.
A Dialogue Between Leadership and Curriculum Theory: A Quest for “Truth”?

ABSTRACTIn this commentary, I briefly discuss the excellent articles included here. At the same time, I emphasize the importance of a historical perspective on curriculum and leadership, but also raise cautions about what is omitted and neglected through such a perspective. Similarly, it behooves us to find a balance between purely philosophical and theoretical approaches and those that emphasize the day-to-day impact on both educational organizations and societies. To do so, I argue, requires attention to both the head and heart of educational theories as well as to a dialogical approach aimed not at consensus but at understanding.
Protein extraction into the bicontinuous microemulsion phase of a Water/SDS/pentanol/dodecane winsor-III system: Effect on nanostructure and protein conformation

Abstract Bicontinuous microemulsions (BμEs), consisting of water and oil nanodomains separated by surfactant monolayers of near-zero curvature, are potentially valuable systems for purification and delivery of biomolecules, for hosting multiphasic biochemical reactions, and as templating media for preparing nanomaterials. We formed Winsor-III systems by mixing aqueous protein and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solutions with dodecane and 1-pentanol (cosurfactant) to efficiently extract proteins into the middle (BμE) phase. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and cytochrome c partitioned to the BμE phase at 64% and 81% efficiency, respectively, producing highly concentrated protein solutions (32 and 44 g L −1 , respectively), through release of water and oil from the BμEs. Circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis demonstrated that BSA underwent minor secondary structural changes upon incorporation into BμEs, while the secondary structure of cytochrome c and pepsin underwent major changes. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) results show that proteins promoted an increase of the interfacial fluidity and surface area per volume for the BμE surfactant monolayers, and that each protein uniquely altered self-assembly in the Winsor-III systems. Cytochrome c partitioned via electrostatic attractions between SDS and the protein’s positively-charged groups, residing near the surfactant head groups of BμE monolayers, where it decreased surfactant packing efficiency. BSA partitioned through formation of SDS-BSA complexes via hydrophobic and electrostatic attractive interactions. As the BSA-SDS ratio increased, complexes’ partitioning favored BμEs over the oil excess phase due to the increased hydrophilicity of the complexes. This study demonstrates the potential utility of BμEs to purify proteins and prepare nanostructured fluids possessing high protein concentration.
All Good Things Must Come to an End

In her final message as editor in chief of IEEE Pervasive Computing, Maria Ebling looks to the future and introduces who will come next as she passes the baton.
Advances on a Decision Analytic Approach to Exposure-Based Chemical Prioritization.

The volume and variety of manufactured chemicals is increasing, although little is known about the risks associated with the frequency and extent of human exposure to most chemicals. The EPA and the recent signing of the Lautenberg Act have both signaled the need for high-throughput methods to characterize and screen chemicals based on exposure potential, such that more comprehensive toxicity research can be informed. Prior work of Mitchell et al. using multicriteria decision analysis tools to prioritize chemicals for further research is enhanced here, resulting in a high-level chemical prioritization tool for risk-based screening. Reliable exposure information is a key gap in currently available engineering analytics to support predictive environmental and health risk assessments. An elicitation with 32 experts informed relative prioritization of risks from chemical properties and human use factors, and the values for each chemical associated with each metric were approximated with data from EPA's CP_CAT database. Three different versions of the model were evaluated using distinct weight profiles, resulting in three different ranked chemical prioritizations with only a small degree of variation across weight profiles. Future work will aim to include greater input from human factors experts and better define qualitative metrics.
Clinical Trials With Calcium Antagonists in Older Patients With Hypertension

Although certain classes of medications provide additional benefits beyond blood pressure (BP) reduction in older patients with comorbid conditions, the greatest factor in reduction of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events and preservation of renal function is BP reduction. The Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program demonstrated that a reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 1 mmHg correlated with a 1% decline in mortality (1). However, to achieve newly targeted BP levels based on the Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, the majority of individuals will require two to four agents (2,3).
Multiple Testing under Dependence via Semiparametric Graphical Models

It has been shown that graphical models can be used to leverage the dependence in large-scale multiple testing problems with significantly improved performance (Sun & Cai, 2009; Liu et al., 2012). These graphical models are fully parametric and require that we know the parameterization of f1 -- the density function of the test statistic under the alternative hypothesis. However in practice,f1 is often heterogeneous, and cannot be estimated with a simple parametric distribution. We propose a novel semiparametric approach for multiple testing under dependence, which estimatesf1 adaptively. This semiparametric approach exactly generalizes the local FDR procedure (Efron et al., 2001) and connects with the BH procedure (Benjamini & Hochberg, 1995). A variety of simulations show that our semiparametric approach outperforms classical procedures which assume independence and the parametric approaches which capture dependence.
Neoplastic Disease of the Spinal Cord and the Spinal Canal

Spine tumors can be classified by their relation to the spinal canal and its coverings. Tumors can arise from the different tissue types around the spinal column, such as neural tissue, meningeal tissue, bone, and cartilage. Furthermore, distant primary tumors can metastasize to the spine by hematogenous or lymphatic routes. Both benign and malignant tumors may occur in either location and at any level of the spine.
Buprenorphine for the Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Objective: To summarize the available data for using buprenorphine in neonatal abstinence syndrome and discuss these data in context of the current standard of care therapies, oral morphine and ora...
AI-13 Therapeutic inhibitors of antigen presentation pathways in SLE

Background The Mamula laboratory has identified and characterized a novel pathway of antigen presentation in autoimmune disease. In particular, B cells that acquire specific autoantigens can play an important role in triggering autoimmunity in both a direct and indirect manner. First, B cells can directly process autoantigen in triggering T cell autoimmunity. Therapeutics such as Rituxan and Belimumab have been developed to interfere with these direct functions of B cells. In the indirect pathway, autoantigen-bearing B cells form high affinity interactions with scavenger receptor A (SR-A), which is expressed primarily on macrophages (MΦs) and dendritic cells (DCs). After receiving antigen from B cells, MΦs and DCs are then highly competent in activating autoimmune T cells and initiating pathology in models of disease. Our working hypothesis is that identifying small molecules that inhibit the latter pathway will provide leads for developing a new treatment for autoimmunity. Methods and results In brief, we have utilized probes to follow antigen presenting pathways between human B cells and MΦs or DCs. As illustrated in the figure 1, B cells make direct contact with DCs and transfer antigen via a SR-A mediated pathway. We have also identified small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) that interfere with SR-A interactions and interrupt the transfer of autoantigen between B cells and DCs. MRL mice were treated with SMIs of SR-A and the onset and progression of autoimmunity (autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells) were assessed over time. SMI treatment of MRL mice greatly reduced autoAbs and T cell activation as well as tissue pathology. Conclusions This study identifies a novel SR-A dependent pathway of antigen presentation between human B cells and MΦs and DCs. Inhibition of this pathway reduces T cell activation, reduces the production of autoantibodies, and ameliorates kidney and skin pathology of SLE in a murine model.
Catechol-Mediated Glycidylation toward Epoxy Vitrimers/Polymers with Tunable Properties

This work demonstrates a series of epoxy vitrimers/polymers whose properties can be tuned by incorporating a catechol moiety as a part of the starting bisphenol motif. Glycidylation of the catechol...
Platinum group metal-free catalysts boost cost competitiveness of fuel cell vehicles

PGM-free catalysts for oxygen reduction represent a long-term, high-risk research and development approach with high potential impact on the single greatest cost contributor to automotive fuel cell stacks.
A Parametric Study for In-Pile Use of the Thermal Conductivity Needle Probe Using a Transient, Multilayered Analytical Model

Abstract By utilizing an in-pile measurement, thermal conductivity can be determined under prototypic conditions over a range of burnup. In this work we develop a multilayer quadrupoles analytical model to describe the transient thermal interactions between a line heat source (i.e. needle probe) and cylindrical nuclear fuel geometry for in-pile thermal conductivity measurements. A finite element analysis of the detailed needle probe geometry was compared to results from the analytical model to verify the assumptions made in the analytical model. Experimentally, the needle probe was used to measure the thermal properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and stainless steel 304 with three different diameters (10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm). The analytical model was compared to the experimental measurements, which showed good agreement within an average standard error of 0.501 K. Rather than be restricted to the linear region of the temperature v. log(time) slope, the analytical model can use the entire experimental curve to determine the thermal conductivity of the samples. Using the analytical model, a parameter and sensitivity study was conducted to explore the viability of accurately measuring the sample thermal conductivity under various measurement conditions. In addition, three different parameters were studied for optimization: various UO2 diameters, various probe diameters, and thermal contact resistance. The validated model and results provide the foundation to elucidate a better understanding of in-pile thermal conductivity measurements and informs future needle probe designs to measure samples with diameters as low as 10 mm.
Immediate Effects of Meditation in College Students: A Pilot Study Examining the Role of Baseline Attention Performance and Trait Mindfulness.

AbstractObjective: Determine feasibility of a procedure to identify relationships between preexisting traits and immediate mindfulness meditation (MM) responses in novice college students.Participa...
“As a Sort of Blanket Term”: Qualitative Analysis of Queer Sexual Identity Marking

Recent research has considered how individuals mark and/or make their sexual identity known to others. Previous research has specifically considered sexuality marking of heterosexual and bisexual individuals. The current study addresses how queer-identified individuals linguistically mark their sexual identity. Participants were 98 self-identified queer adults living within the U.S. recruited online through SurveyMonkey. Preliminary analysis of demographic data revealed that individuals with both monosexual and plurisexual attractions self-identify as queer, with higher rates for the latter. We conducted a thematic analysis of participants’ responses to an open-ended question asking them to describe a setting or situation in which they would choose to use the term queer to self-identify their sexual identity. Four themes emerged related to queer identity marking: (1) Using Queer as an Encompassing Label, (2) Using Queer to Avoid Explanation, (3) Using Queer Based on Who is Present and (4) Avoiding Using Queer. Discussion focuses on the way queer sexual identity marking is both similar to and distinct from other forms of sexuality marking.
Analysis of users’ electricity consumption behavior based on ensemble clustering

Abstract Due to the increase in the number of smart meter devices, a power grid generates a large amount of data. Analyzing the data can help in understanding the users’ electricity consumption behavior and demands; thus, enabling better service to be provided to them. Performing power load profile clustering is the basis for mining the users’ electricity consumption behavior. By examining the complexity, randomness, and uncertainty of the users’ electricity consumption behavior, this paper proposes an ensemble clustering method to analyze this behavior. First, principle component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of the data. Subsequently, the single clustering method is used, and the majority is selected for integrated clustering. As a result, the users’ electricity consumption behavior is classified into different modes, and their characteristics are analyzed in detail. This paper examines the electricity power data of 19 real users in China for simulation purposes. This manuscript provides a thorough analysis along with suggestions for the users’ weekly electricity consumption behavior. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Experimental investigation of the lonely stroke behavior in supercoiled polymer artificial muscles

Supercoiled polymer (SCP) actuators belong to a recently discovered class of artificial muscles that show strong promise in various robotic applications. Extensive studies have been conducted on various aspects of SCP actuators, including the characterization of their hysteresis nonlinearity and dynamical behaviors. However, the existing strategies cannot effectively capture the first cycle of SCP actuators, which, under the application of certain sequences of inputs, gives rise to a “lonely stroke”. For example, under the application of continuous voltage oscillation sequences, the first output cycle is different from the successive repeatable cycles. This lonely stroke behavior in SCP actuators needs to be better analyzed since no comprehensive experimental investigations have been conducted. Furthermore, the lonely stroke affects SCP actuator’s performances in repeatable cycles. In this study, we conduct experimental investigations on SCP actuator’s lonely stroke under different loading and temperature conditions. The experimental procedures and measurements are presented and discussed. The results show that the coupling between lonely stroke and hysteresis is complex and history-dependent. For example, the maximum output strain discrepancy due to the lonely stroke was found to be 3.5% for an SCP actuator with a maximum strain of 15%.
Teaching Crystallography by Determining Small Molecule Structures and 3-D Printing: An Inorganic Chemistry Laboratory Module.

Experimental methods for determining 3-D atomic structures, such as crystallography, are rarely taught in the undergraduate curriculum, yet are considered to be the norm for 3-D structure determination in a research setting. Although a fully physical understanding of crystallography takes years of practice, practical applications and basic interpretation of small-molecule crystallography can be readily integrated into undergraduate curricula to give students a research-like laboratory experience. Three 1-h crystallography laboratory modules were developed using the free Olex2 software to determine the structure of (dithiolene)2Co(1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane)·dichloroethane, while introducing basic crystallography knowledge, crystal evaluation through microscopy, practical structure determination skills, and spatial awareness through 3-D printing. Following implementation in an advanced instrumental analysis class composed of 14 Master’s and undergraduate students, the increase of topical knowledge of small molecule crystallography was 18–30% based on tailored assessment surveys, and student feedback was highly positive. This suggests that students without a prior background in crystallography were able to learn and retain information about small molecule crystallography from these laboratory modules.
Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation and the Confounds of Intracellular Electrophysiological Investigation

Focused ultrasound (US) can modulate neuronal activity noninvasively with high spatial specificity. In intact nervous systems, however, efforts to determine its enigmatic mode of efficacy have been confounded by the indirect effects of US on mechanosensitive sensory cells and the inability to target equivalent populations of cells with precision across preparations. Single-cell approaches, either via cultured mammalian neurons or tractable invertebrate neural systems, hold great promise for elucidating the cellular mechanisms underlying the actions of US. Here, we present evidence from the medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana, that researchers should apply caution when using US in conjunction with single-cell electrophysiological recording techniques, including sharp-electrode intracellular recording. Although we found that US could elicit depolarization of the resting membrane potential of single neurons, a finding with precedent, we determined that this effect and others could be reliably mimicked via subtle manual displacement of the recording electrode. Because focused US is known to induce resonance of recording electrodes, we aimed to determine how similarly US-induced depolarizations matched those produced by micro movements of a sharp glass electrode, a phenomenon we believe can account for purported depolarizations measured in this manner. Furthermore, we show that when clonally related homologous neurons, which are essentially isopotential, are impaled before the application of focused US, they show a statistically significant change in their membrane potential as compared with the homologous cells that received US with no initial impalement. Future investigations into US's cellular effects should attempt to control for potential electrode resonance or use alternative recording strategies.
Revitalization of Tarompa Datuak Crafts Through Design Development as an Efforts to Strengthen Creative Economic Existence in the Era of Disruption

The tarompa datuak traditional craft is one of the Minangkabau ethnic local cultural assets which can be explored to strengthen the existence of a creative economy in West Sumatra. However, the development of this craft has been eroded by time, its products are less in demand by consumers, crafters are increasingly reduced and there is no regeneration, this is caused by the absence of innovation on the product, so that the ergonomic aspects and aesthetic have not become the standard of product feasibility by the crafters. Revitalizing the tarompa datuak through the development of its product design is an urgent step to take. It aims to enrich the variety of products, increase the welfare of the community and is part of cultural preservation. Revitalization is done by using research and development methods, which starts with exploring the tarompa datuak model that already exists in West Sumatra to become a trendy model, according to the needs and desires of consumers. The revitalization process begins with exploration, design, prototype, implementation and evaluation of product feasibility, so that the product developed is empirically tested. The success of this revitalization lies in the flexibility of the community in adapting to changes in the era of disruption. The results obtained: innovative products, cultural pelestraian and community economic empowerment.
Insights into embryology and development of omphalocele

Congenital abdominal wall defects are one of the most common human birth defects with an incidence of about 1 in 2000 live births. While often discussed together abdominal wall defects consist mainly of two distinct entities namely gastroschisis and omphalocele. There is no clear consensus explaining the precise embryological mechanisms leading to the development of an omphalocele. Many clinicians and embryologists have attempted to explain congenital malformation as a result of failure of progression of normal embryonic development. This review summarizes the mechanisms involved in normal and abnormal development of the ventral abdominal wall.
Paradigm Shift in English Language Learning from Textbook to Facebook

Technology has posed many challenges to the teaching methods and materials of English as a second language. English teachers need to switch over to hi tech-based productive teaching methods from the conventional chalk and board method which no longer appeals to students of an entirely new generation of English learners with changing needs. Facebook, the most widely used type of social networking service, can be explored as an alternative learner- friendly mode of learning English outside classroom. Irrespective of social status, most students own (smart) mobile phones with the internet connectivity and they can be motivated to use it for improving their communication skills while they enjoy communicating with their circle of friends the matters that matter most to them. This paper proposes to examine the viability of the use of Facebook as a strategy of doing (communicating) as learning (English) to improve students’ conversational, commentary, and information-sharing skills in English and to assess how it contributes to learner autonomy. The central hypothesis of the proposed paper is that students enjoy communicating through Facebook their thoughts, feelings, and values and they do not feel any constraints in doing so. The very act of communicating that they are reluctant in formal classroom atmosphere becomes a rewarding experience and motivating factor in the virtual world. The proposed study intends to employ empirical method for collection and interpretation of data.
Bacteriophages against enteropathogens: rediscovery and refinement of novel antimicrobial therapeutics.

Purpose of review Alarming rates of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and gastrointestinal dysbiosis associated with traditional antimicrobial therapy have led to renewed interests in developing bacteriophages as novel therapeutics. In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in bacteriophage therapeutic development targeting important enteropathogens of the gastrointestinal tract. Recent findings Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria, either to utilize the bacterial machinery to produce new progeny or stably integrate into the bacterial chromosome to ensure maintenance of the viral genome. With recent advances in synthetic biology and the discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems used by bacteria to protect against bacteriophages, novel molecular applications are taking us beyond the discovery of bacteriophages and toward innovative applications, including the targeting of bacterial virulence factors, the use of temperate bacteriophages, and the production of bacteriophage proteins as antimicrobial agents. These technologies offer promise to target enteropathogens without disrupting the healthy microbiota of the gastrointestinal tract. Moreover, the use of nanoparticle technology and other modifications are helping researchers circumvent the harsh gastrointestinal conditions that could limit the efficacy of bacteriophages against enteric pathogens. Summary This era of discovery and development offers significant potential to modify bacteriophages and overcome the global impact of enteropathogens.
Gut Microbiome Changes Associated with Epithelial Barrier Damage and Systemic Inflammation during Antiretroviral Therapy of Chronic SIV Infection

Gut dysbiosis is a common feature associated with the chronic inflammation of HIV infection. Toward understanding the interplay of chronic treated HIV infection, dysbiosis, and systemic inflammation, we investigated longitudinal fecal microbiome changes and plasma inflammatory markers in the nonhuman primate model. Following simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques, significant changes were observed in several members of the phylum Firmicutes along with an increase in Bacteroidetes. Viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy (ART) resulted in an early but partial recovery of compositional changes and butyrate producing genes in the gut microbiome. Over the course of chronic SIV infection and long-term ART, however, the specific loss of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Treponema succinifaciens significantly correlated with an increase in plasma inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, G-CSF, I-TAC, and MIG. Further, the loss of T. succinifaciens correlated with an increase in circulating biomarkers of gut epithelial barrier damage (IFABP) and microbial translocation (LBP and sCD14). As F. prausnitzii and T. succinifaciens are major short-chain fatty acid producing bacteria, their sustained loss during chronic SV-ART may contribute to gut inflammation and metabolic alterations despite effective long-term control of viremia. A better understanding of the correlations between the anti-inflammatory bacterial community and healthy gut barrier functions in the setting of long-term ART may have a major impact on the clinical management of inflammatory comorbidities in HIV-infected individuals.
Electron Dynamics Within a MITL Containing a Load

In this article, we derive the vacuum electric fields within specific cylindrically symmetric magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) in the limit of an infinite speed of light for an arbitrary time-dependent current. We focus our attention on two types of MITLs: the radial MITL and a spherically curved MITL. We then simulate the motion of charged particles, such as electrons, present in these MITLs due to the vacuum fields. In general, the motion of charged particles due to the vacuum fields is highly nonlinear since the fields are nonlinear functions of spatial coordinates and depend on an arbitrary time-dependent current drive. Using guiding center theory, however, one can describe the gross particle kinetics using a combination of $\textbf {E} \times \textbf {B}$ and $\nabla B$ drifts. In addition, we compare our approximate inner MITL field models and particle kinetics with those from a fully electromagnetic simulation code. We find that the agreement between the approximate model and the electromagnetic simulations is excellent.
Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of the ciliary epithelium and contiguous tissues in the mouse eye.

Abstract The ciliary epithelium plays a central role in ocular homeostasis but cells of the pigmented and non-pigmented layers are difficult to isolate physically and study. Here we used single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) to analyze the transcriptional signatures of cells harvested from the ciliary body and contiguous tissues. Microdissected tissue was dissociated by collagenase digestion and the transcriptomes of individual cells were obtained using a droplet-based scRNA-seq approach. In situ hybridization was used to verify the expression patterns of selected differentially-expressed genes. High quality transcriptomes were obtained from 10,024 cells and unsupervised clustering distinguished 22 cell types. Although efforts were made to specifically isolate the ciliary body, approximately half of the sequenced cells were derived from the adjacent retina. Cluster identities were assigned using expression of canonical markers or cluster-specific genes. The transcriptional signature of cells in the PCE and NPCE were distinct from each other and from cells in contiguous tissues. PCE cell transcriptomes were characterized by genes involved in melanin synthesis and transport proteins such as Slc4a4. Among the most differentially expressed genes in NPCE cells were those encoding members of the Zic family of transcription factors (Zic1, 2, 4), collagen XVIII (Col18a1), and corticotrophin-releasing hormone-binding protein (Crhbp). The ocular melanocyte population was distinguished by expression of the gap junction genes Gjb2 and Gjb6. Two fibroblast signatures were detected in the ciliary body preparation and shown by in situ hybridization to correspond to uveal and scleral populations. This cell atlas for the ciliary body and contiguous layers represents a useful resource that may facilitate studies into the development of the ciliary epithelium, the production of the aqueous and vitreous humors, and the synthesis of the ciliary zonule.
The clinical course of reversible ischemic colitis. Observations on the progression of sigmoidoscopic and histological changes.

A 78-year-old man experienced a 3-week episode of mild abdominal pain and watery diarrhea. Radiographs showed an edematous mucosal lesion of the rectosigmoid area. Proctologic and histologic examinations revealed typical changes of ischemic colitis. Serial biopsies showed evolution from acute hemorrhagic necrosis to a regenerative mucosal pattern that persisted after the sigmoidoscopic appearance returned to normal.
Solving Sparse Linear Systems on NVIDIA Tesla GPUs

Current many-core GPUs have enormous processing power, and unlocking this power for general-purpose computing is very attractive due to their low cost and efficient power utilization. However, the fine-grained parallelism and the stream-programming model supported by these GPUs require a paradigm shift, especially for algorithm designers. In this paper we present the design of a GPU-based sparse linear solver using the Generalized Minimum RESidual (GMRES) algorithm in the CUDA programming environment. Our implementation achieved a speedup of over 20x on the Tesla T10P based GTX280 GPU card for benchmarks with from a few thousands to a few millions unknowns.
Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo, God’s Heart Has No Borders: How Religious Activists Are Working for Immigrant Rights : University of California Press (2008) 272 pages, ISBN 13: 978-0520257252 ()

In this book, Pierrette Hondagneu-Sotelo presents three case studies of religious activists who are defending the rights of immigrants in the USA, the world’s most religious postindustrial society. Each case illuminates how “cosmopolitan, inclusive religion” (p. 194) can serve as a resource to challenge xenophobia and build a more inclusive society. The first case describes how Muslim American organizations defended civil rights after 9/11 by presenting a “moderate”, “American,” and respectably middle-class Muslim identity. The second case describes Clergy and Laity United for Economic Justice (CLUE), a faith-based organization that supports union campaigns in Los Angeles. The third case describes Posadas Sin Fronteras, an ecumenical event that enacts Christian opposition to oppressive policy along the US–Mexico border. God’s Heart Has No Borders would be an excellent teaching tool for undergraduates, because it illustrates social movement theory using rich ethnographic data. Readers are also introduced to relevant precursors in American religious history, particularly the social gospel, the civil rights movement, and the 1980s Sanctuary movement. These nuanced case studies offer great insight into social scientific debates about religion and social movements. However, I felt the book’s theoretical contributions could have been fleshed out further in two ways. First, this book does not seek to explain why these particular individuals have become motivated by their faith to defend immigrant’s rights. What made these activists different from other people with similar religious backgrounds who have not become activists for immigrant’s rights? How do these activists relate to the larger field of American religion—to Int. Migration & Integration (2010) 11:125–127 DOI 10.1007/s12134-009-0121-0
The Function of Space in Najîb Mahfûz's Bayn al-Qasrayn

Man uses space to fulfill as well as to protect himself. The author of The Psychology of the House, Olivier Marc, writes: "I was convinced of the existence of an inner space within myself, a sort of image of the exterior space around me, to which I was responsive." Besides being a projection of the individual's inner space, exterior space must protect and comfort the social group that built it. In a novel, especially by a writer such as Najib Mahfuz, who stresses so much the relation between his characters and their environment, space becomes part of a coherent fictional structure: many of Mahfuz's titles refer to Cairene neighborhoods and streets while his detailed descriptions of rooms, houses, streets, and shops remain a constant characteristic of his long and productive career. The three volumes of his best-known work, The Trilogy, are named after three Cairene locations: Qasr al-Shawa, Bayn al-Qasrayn, and al-Sukkariyah. Narrating the history of Sayid 'Abd al-Jawâd's family from 1917 to 1944, they present a spatio-social vision of respectively the low, middle, and high middle class. The Trilogy starts with Bayn al-Qasrayn which describes the family life in its original home during the political turmoil of 1917-1919. The present paper limits itself to the study of that home in these last two years of the First World War. It shows that Mahfuz uses space to define the individual in terms of his social class, and at the same time, makes that space appear as a psychological sign of how the individual defines himself and his spiritual direction. These two interdependent functions are not static but, with the movement from one generation to another, define the dynamics of historical change.
Abiotic controls on periphyton accrual and metabolism in streams: Scaling by dimensionless numbers

[i] Increasingly available high-resolution topographic data from remote sensing motivates the search for topographic features that predict abiotic controls on the distribution and performance of biota. We investigated the extent to which periphyton distribution and stream ecosystem metabolism in a steep upland river drainage network could be predicted from physical conditions that varied with local topography. During the summers of 2003 and 2004, we measured periphyton standing crops and gross primary production and ecosystem respiration rates along a 5 km reach of the South Fork Eel River and six of its tributaries in northern California (39°44'N, 123°39'W). We also measured wetted stream width (B), cross-sectionally averaged stream velocity (U), and streambed photosynthetically active solar radiation (PAR) at each site to investigate the degree to which periphyton abundance and metabolism were related to these indicators, which in turn are partially predictable from models relating environmental parameters to the topographic settings. Dimensional analysis, a technique widely used in the field of fluid mechanics, was used to investigate how biotic and abiotic variables may be interconnected in stream environments. Nondimensional groups of variables were formulated on the basis of our field estimates of chosen biotic and abiotic variables. Periphyton biomass was controlled by B 9/5 , exposure to light PAR 1/5 , nutrient concentration N 5/6 , and inverse stream depth H -5/6 and U -1/2 . The autotrophic-heterotrophic balance, quantified by the gross primary production to ecosystem respiration rate, scaled with the stream aspect ratio (B/H) 3/5 and Peclet number Pe = (UB/u*H) 3/10 , where u* is the shear stress velocity. The scaling relationships were validated against reported field measurements from other geographical areas. The results show nonlinear dependencies among periphyton biomass, stream metabolism, and abiotic variables. These nonlinear relationships point to a need for detailed quantification of biotic and abiotic variables over a range of scales.
The "missing" 3 + state of Ne 18 and explosive F 17 ( p , γ ) burning

Wiescher, G\"orres, and Thielemann suggested that a "missing" ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={3}^{+}$ level in $^{18}\mathrm{Ne}$ should occur at ${E}_{x}\ensuremath{\approx}4.33$ MeV, only \ensuremath{\approx}410 keV above the $^{17}\mathrm{F}$+$p$ threshold. They noted that this level would provide an $s$-wave resonance in the $^{17}\mathrm{F}(p, \ensuremath{\gamma})$ reaction, greatly increasing its thermonuclear reaction rate. This, in turn, would have a pronounced effect on the production of $^{17}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ in explosive stellar environments. We have searched for this level using the $^{16}\mathrm{O}(^{3}\mathrm{He}, n)$ reaction. High-resolution time-of-flight spectra show that the ${3}^{+}$ level occurs at ${E}_{x}=4.561\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.009$ MeV, \ensuremath{\approx}230 keV higher than suggested. The astrophysical consequences of this result are discussed.
Developing Trends in the Intestinal Transplant Waitlist

The United Network for Organ Sharing database was examined for trends in the intestinal transplant (ITx) waitlist from 1993 to 2012, dividing into listings for isolated ITx versus liver-intestine transplant (L-ITx). Registrants added to the waitlist increased from 59/year in 1993 to 317/year in 2006, then declined to 124/year in 2012; Spline modeling showed a significant change in the trend in 2006, p < 0.001. The largest group of registrants, <1 year of age, determined the trend for the entire population; other pediatric age groups remained stable, adult registrants increased until 2012. The largest proportion of new registrants were for L-ITx, compared to isolated ITx; the change in the trend in 2006 for L-ITx was highly significant, p < 0.001, but not isolated ITx, p = 0.270. New registrants for L-ITx, <1 year of age, had the greatest increase and decrease. New registrants for isolated ITx remained constant in all pediatric age groups. Waitlist mortality increased to a peak around 2002, highest for L-ITx, in patients <1 year of age and adults. Deaths among all pediatric age groups awaiting L-ITx have decreased; adult L-ITx deaths have dropped less dramatically. Improved care of infants with intestinal failure has led to reduced referrals for L-ITx.
Characterization of four novel ras-like genes expressed in a human teratocarcinoma cell line.

Abstract A mixed-oligonucleotide probe was used to identify four ras-like coding sequences in a human teratocarcinoma cDNA library. Two of these sequences resembled the rho genes, one was closely related to H-, K-, and N-ras, and one shared only the four sequence domains that define the ras gene superfamily. Homologs of the four genes were found in genomic DNA from a variety of mammals and from chicken. The genes were transcriptionally active in a range of human cell types.
Rehabilitation of the pitching shoulder

Shoulder pain is a common complaint among baseball pitchers. Frequently, the nature of shoulder pathology can be traced to lack of flexibility and muscular imbal ance.This paper describes: (1) the normal biomechanics of a properly functioning shoulder during a baseball pitch, (2) pathomechanics of shoulder problems, (3) flexibility requirements of the throwing shoulder, and (4) the muscular balance necessary for an effective throwing shoulder. Appropriate examination procedures are de scribed along with remedial exercises which ensure normal glenohumeral motion and integrated muscle action.
Role of A2A-adenosine receptor activation for ATP-mediated coronary vasodilation in guinea-pig isolated heart

1. Adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine are potent coronary vasodilators. ATP is rapidly converted to adenosine by ectonucleotidases. We examined whether coronary vasodilation caused by exogenous ATP is mediated by P(2) receptor activation or by A(2A)-adenosine receptor activation. 2. Effects of interventions on coronary conductance were determined by measuring coronary perfusion pressure in guinea-pig isolated hearts perfused at a constant flow of 10 ml min(-1). 3. ATP and adenosine both caused sustained, concentration-dependent increases of coronary conductance. Maximal responses to both agonists were equivalent. The values of pD(2) (+/-s.e.mean) for ATP and adenosine were 6.68+/-0.04 and 7.06+/-0.05, respectively. Adenosine was significantly more potent than ATP (P<0. 0001, n=10). 4. The values of pIC(50) for the selective A(2A)-adenosine receptor antagonist SCH58261 to antagonize equivalent responses to ATP and adenosine were 8.28+/-0.08 and 8.28+/-0.06 (P=0.99, n=6), respectively. 5. The non-selective adenosine receptor antagonists xanthine amine congener (XAC) and CGS15943 antagonized similarly the equivalent vasodilations caused by ATP (pIC(50) values 7.48+/-0.04 and 7.45+/-0.06, respectively) and adenosine (pIC(50) values 7. 37+/-0.13 and 7.56+/-0.11). 6. In contrast to ATP and adenosine, the two P(2) agonists 2-methylthio-ATP and uridine-5'-triphosphate failed to cause stable increases of coronary conductance, caused desensitization of vasodilator responses, and were not antagonized by SCH 58261, 8-parasulphophenyltheophylline, or XAC. 7. Glibenclamide attenuated coronary vasodilations caused by ATP and adenosine by 88 and 89%, respectively, but failed to attenuate those caused by 2-methylthio-ATP. 8. These results strongly suggest that sustained, submaximal coronary vasodilation caused by exogenous ATP is entirely mediated by adenosine acting upon A(2A)-adenosine receptors.
The preparation and characterization of several mixed metal hydroxides of the type AB(OH)6

Abstract The preparation of divalent transition metal and alkaline earth precious metal hexahydroxides of composition AB(OH) 6 is described. The crystallographic properties of several products have been determined. IR and thermogravimetric data have been obtained for several of the derivatives. These compounds are the precursors of interesting ABO 3 derivatives but most of these are thermally decomposed at high temperatures (above 600°C) to metal oxide products mixed with the precious metal. The alkaline earth compounds, especially the barium analogs BaPt(OH) 6 and BaIr(OH) 6 , yield interesting oxide products which have been characterized.
Local correlation domains for coupled cluster theory: optical rotation and magnetic-field perturbations

An approach is described for selecting local-correlation orbital domains appropriate for computing response properties such as optical rotation using frequency-dependent coupled-cluster linear-response theory. This scheme is an extension of our earlier idea [N. J. Russ and T. D. Crawford, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2004, 400, 104] based on an atom-by-atom decomposition of the coupled-perturbed Hartree-Fock (CPHF) response of the component molecular orbitals to external electric and magnetic fields. We have applied this domain-selection scheme to a series of chiral molecules, including pseudo-linear structures (hydrogen molecule helices, fluoroalkanes, and [n]triangulanes), cage-like structures (beta-pinene, methylnorbornanone, and bisnoradamantan-2-one), and aromatic rings (1-phenylethanol). We find that the crossover points between the canonical- and local-correlation approaches are larger than for the conventional Boughton-Pulay domain scheme, in agreement with our earlier analysis of dipole-polarizabilities. Localization errors are reasonably small (a few percent) for pseudo-linear structures with domain sizes of approximately six to eight atoms. Cage-like molecules are significantly more problematic, requiring natural domain sizes of ten or more to obtain the most reliable localization errors.