cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Numerical optimization of integrated passive heating and cooling systems yields simple protocols for building energy decarbonization

Passive heating and cooling systems have the potential to reduce space-heating and space-cooling loads in buildings significantly, with minimal embodied energy investment and extremely low operatio...
Myths That Prevent Medical Professionals from Engaging

People seeking health and wellness information online frequently uncover inaccurate answers to their questions. Therefore, it is important for medical professionals to participate in social media, providing trustworthy, evidence-based content. Unfortunately, there are many barriers that prevent them from engaging. These include lack of time and technology skills and unfavorable perceptions of risk and profit. Medical professionals may feel they are unable to make a real difference or are not needed because others participate. This chapter further explores these barriers and suggests practical ways to overcome them. It also examines returns on the invested time, including increased empathy for patient concerns, improved communication and clinical skills, early notification of research findings, lifelong medical education and making new connections with colleagues around the world.
Investigations of the Transport Properties of Gold Nanotubule Membranes

We have developed a new class of synthetic membranes that consist of a porous polymeric support that contains an ensemble of gold nanotubules that span the complete thickness of the support membrane. The support is a commercially available microporous polycarbonate filter with cylindrical nanoscopic pores. The gold nanotubules are prepared via electroless deposition of Au onto the pore walls; i.e., the pores acts as templates for the nanotubules. We have shown that by controlling the Au deposition time, Au nanotubules that have effective inside diameters of molecular dimensions (<1 nm) can be prepared. Hence, these membranes are a new class of molecular sieves. In addition, because these membranes are composed of an electronically conductive material, excess charge can be applied to the tubules by electrochemical charging in an electrolyte solution. We have shown that this allows for control of ion-transport selectivity in these membranes. Finally, because the tubules are composed of gold, well-known Au-t...
Disrupting the endocannabinoid system in early adolescence negatively impacts sociability.

Abstract Animal models suggest that the endocannabinoid system (eCS) helps regulate various aspects of social behavior, including play behavior and social reward, during adolescence. Properly tuned endocannabinoid signaling may be a critical developmental component in the emergence of normal adult sociability. In the current experiment, we attempted to pharmacologically disrupt endocannabinoid tone during early adolescence, and then measure the behavioral effects at two subsequent time points. 36 male and 36 female Long Evans rats received daily injections of one of three treatments between post-natal day (PND) 25–39: 1) vehicle treatment, 2) 0.4 mg/kg CP55,940 (a potent CB1/CB2 receptor agonist), or 3) 0.5 mg/kg AM251 (a CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist). Both soon after treatment (PND 40–44) and several weeks later (PND 66–70), subjects were tested in an elevated plus maze (EPM) for anxiety and in a three-chambered apparatus for sociability. For the latter test, the number of entries into each chamber and the amount of time spent investigating each target were measured. Analyses revealed significant main effects of both sex and age on sociability: males expressed greater sociability compared to females, and sociability was higher in adolescence than adulthood. Most importantly, drug treatment (both CP55,940 and AM251) attenuated sociability in adolescence without having a significant effect on anxiety in the EPM. However, this effect did not persist into adulthood. These results indicate that pharmacological disruption of endocannabinoid tone – through either chronic agonism or antagonism of cannabinoid receptors - during early adolescence has a detrimental effect on sociability. This effect may be caused by transient, compensatory alterations in the eCS.
High-performance ultrathin body TiO 2 TFTs with record on/off current ratio and subthreshold swinz

Recently, oxide-based thin film transistors (TFTs) are considered as a potential alternative to Si -based TFTs in backplane technology for the active-matrix display application due to its good optical transparency and excellent uniformity over large area [1]–[2]. Among all the oxide semiconductors, TiO 2 , with its high transparency to visible light, low-cost growth method, as well as great chemical and mechanical stability, has attracted more attentions [2]–[4]. TiO 2 -based TFTs with appreciable performances have been reported in some previous works, demonstrating their potential in display applications [2]–[6]. Herein, we present high-performance TFTs based on 15 nm ultrathin body TiO 2 with record on/off current ratio of $4.87\times 10^{8}$ and average subthreshold swing (SS) of 129 mV/dec.
Improving order processes with information technology: McDonald’s case:

This case is designed to explore the impact of information technology on business processes. The case starts with a description of a customer’s new technology experience at a McDonald’s restaurant....
Minimally Invasive Approaches to Thoracic and Lumbar Metastatic Spine Disease

Spinal metastases are the most common tumors of the axial spine. Open surgical treatment of these lesions is well established in patients with spinal instability and/or symptomatic neural element compression. However, open surgical techniques with large dissection fields can be physiologically stressful to patients with an already increased morbidity profile. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is a promising adjunct for treating these patients and offers the benefits of decreased soft tissue trauma and decreased physiologic insult to these patients. A wide array of techniques have been described for the decompression and stabilization of the thoracic and lumbar spine including posterior transpedicular, costrotransversectomy, and lateral extracavitary. These techniques, among others, are increasing in popularity and are discussed in detail in this chapter.
The room where it happens: The impact of core and non-core roles on surgical team performance.

Research on team roles has demonstrated that the strategic core has a larger influence on team performance than non-core roles. Drawing on theories of shared cognition and the strategic core approach, we posit that not all shared experience within a team is equally impactful and examine how dyadic experience with the strategic core facilitates team performance. We further examine the extent to which task complexity and presence of the strategic core further influence this relationship. In this study, we examine surgical teams in which the surgeon occupies the core role. We analyze archival surgical data from 7,070 team performance episodes (i.e., surgeries) conducted at a large community hospital in the United States. We hypothesize and find that dyadic experience between core and non-core roles has a positive effect on team performance, which is stronger for less complex tasks. We then examine the assumption that the continuous presence of the strategic core is a necessary condition for team performance. We find support for a three-way interaction in which the positive effect of dyadic experience between core and non-core roles on team performance is weaker when task complexity is relatively higher and core presence is relatively lower. Our study highlights the importance of dyadic experience between core and non-core roles, especially for less complex tasks. Furthermore, our findings indicate that for more complex tasks, a team's core should be present. Additional implications and future directions are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Machine Component Fault Classification Using Permutation Entropy and Complexity Representation of Vibration Signals

In this work, we explored permutation entropy and complexity representation for classification of machine component fault signals. The proposed method is computationally inexpensive and has the ability to handle nonlinear and non-stationary signals. We used vibrations signals collected from normal and faulty ball bearings to demonstrate the effectiveness of the permutation entropy and complexity representation. We performed a sensitivity analysis to study the effect of representation parameters and signal length on the signal classification. We observed that embedding dimension \(D = 3, 4, 5, 6\) and embedding delay \(\tau = 1, 5\) are appropriate for good class separability in this application and the separability of classes improves with increasing signal length N. The overall accuracy of signal classification varies from 90 to 100% depending on signal length.
Clinical Challenges in the Management of Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Literature Review

Endocrine therapy (ET) is integral to the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Aromatase inhibitors (AIs; e.g., anastrozole, letrozole, exemestane), selective estrogen receptor modulators (e.g., tamoxifen), and the selective estrogen receptor degrader, fulvestrant, inhibit tumor cell proliferation by targeting ER signaling. However, the efficacy of ET could be limited by intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms, which has prompted the development of targeted agents and combination strategies. In recent years, the treatment landscape for HR+, HER2− MBC has evolved rapidly. AIs, historically the first-line treatment for postmenopausal patients with HR+, HER2− MBC, have been challenged by more effective ET, such as fulvestrant alone or in combination with an AI, and the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitors, which have increasingly become the new standard of care. For endocrine-resistant disease (≥ second-line), clinical trials demonstrated that the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, everolimus, enhanced the efficacy of exemestane or fulvestrant after progression on an AI. CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with fulvestrant have demonstrated superior progression-free survival and overall survival versus fulvestrant alone. Recently, the combination of fulvestrant with alpelisib in phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PIK3CA) mutated HR+, HER2− MBC following progression on or after ET was approved, based on the SOLAR-1 study. However, the optimal sequencing of treatments is unknown, especially following disease progression on a CDK4/6 inhibitor. This review aims to provide practical guidance for the management of HR+, HER2− MBC based on available data and the utility of genomic biomarkers, including germline breast cancer genes 1 and 2 (BRCA1/2) mutations, and somatic estrogen receptor alpha gene (ESR1), HER2, and PIK3CA mutations.
Reading fluency in mono- and multilinguals: Is there an additive effect of the number of languages spoken?

Reading is an adequate measure of fluency since it eliminates the use of memory (Pasquarella et al., 2014). Experimental data with lexical access tasks shows reduced fluency in bilinguals compared to monolinguals (Ouzia and Folke, 2016; Sandoval et al., 2010). However, bilinguals also displayed cognitive advantages compared to monolinguals (Bialystok et al., 2012; Spinu et al., 2018, 2020), but these findings are disputed (Marzecova, 2016). The main research aims for this study are to determine whether (1) being a bi- or multilingual is associated with reduced reading fluency and (2) there is an additive effect of the number of languages spoken on reading fluency. Audio recordings of a short English paragraph were collected from 147 undergraduate students of diverse linguistic backgrounds (i.e., monolinguals, bilinguals, and trilinguals). The recordings are currently being analyzed manually for disfluencies such as hesitations, repetitions, mispronunciations / self-corrections, reading speed, and filled pauses (e.g., ‘er', ‘um', ‘ah', ‘like'). A final fluency score will be computed for each participant in order to evaluate our research questions. Our study thus expands bilingual fluency research to a reading task, adding to the body of work on multilingual cognition and the controversial phenomenon known as the bilingual advantage.
The ‘magic’ of magic camp from the perspective of children with hemiparesis

Previous studies have examined the quantitative results of using an organized approach of teaching and learning magic tricks-a therapeutic magic camp-but set aside the qualitative aspect. The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the interpretation of the lived experience of children with hemiparesis after they have participated in a therapeutic magic camp. Six children, aged between 11 and 14 years old, with hemiparesis who completed the magic camp program 3 months prior were invited to participate in an in-person individual semistructured interview. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim for content analysis. Results from the initial qualitative analysis yielded categories of enjoyment, positive social and learning experience from participation in the camp, increased confidence, and self-motivation to use the affected upper limb. These categories were grouped into two themes: "having fun with others while learning" and "helping my arm perform." Having fun with others while learning was an amalgamation of fun, and positive social and learning experience. Helping my arm perform reflected a sense of increased competence and self-belief, and a willingness and motivation of the children to attempt challenging daily activities. The lived experiences of children with hemiplegia who participated in an organized delivery of learning to perform magic tricks yield-ed positive outcomes. These themes are consistent with the limited literature that is available suggesting that further research is needed to confirm the efficacy of the therapeutic magic camp intervention.
La Llorona and Rhetorical Haunting in Mexico’s Public Sphere

This essay analyzes how two public performances (a 2017 protest and a yearly play in Xochimilco) adapt the legend of la Llorona for a rhetorical haunting of Mexico’s public sphere. Rhetorical haunt...
Injury Patterns and Associated Demographics of Intimate Partner Violence in Older Adults Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global public health issue and occurs in intimate relationships regardless of age or sexual orientation. Several studies, most of them relying on small-scale samples, have explored the prevalence and risk factors of IPV in older adults. Still, none have focused on the demographics and injury patterns in older adult victims. Using the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) All Injury Program (AIP) data, we performed a retrospective analysis from 2005 through 2015 of the demographics and injuries of older adult IPV patients (>60 years old) presenting to emergency departments (EDs) compared to younger adult IPV patients (<60 years old). IPV accounted for 2,059,441 ED visits (.61%) with 37,534 (1.8%) visits in the older adults. Older adults were more frequently male (36.1% vs 16.8%), White (65.3% vs 52.8%), sustained fewer neck/head injuries (47.6% vs 59.4%), fewer contusions/abrasions (34.6% vs 47.2%), had more trunk fractures (38.4% vs 11.9%), trunk strains/sprains (39.5% vs 15.4%) and more hospital admissions (15.7 vs 4.2%), compared to younger IPV patients. Within the older adult cohort, females were more commonly White (71.2% vs 56.0%) while males were more commonly Black (36.3% vs 19.0%). Injuries in older adult males were more commonly lacerations (40.6% vs 14.2%%) and less commonly contusions/abrasions (33.8% vs 43.5%) compared to elderly females. Older adult females had more internal organ injuries than older adult males (18.9% vs 12.9%) and nearly all involved the head. Knowledge of these injury patterns in older adults can equip the health care providers when to be more suspicious of unexplained or suspicious injuries as the victim's symptoms at the presentation might not be directly related to violence.
Global Value Chains and US Economic Activity During COVID-19

We investigate the role of global value chains in the declines of manufacturing employment and output in the U.S. during COVID-19. Specifically, we identify the role of global value chains by exploiting heterogeneity across industries in cross-country sourcing patterns and its interaction with exogenous cross-country variation in the containment policies introduced to combat the virus. We find that global value chains played a significant role in the decline of output and employment across U.S. manufactures. Moreover, we find a modest impact of diversifying or renationalizing global value chains in mitigating the economy's exposure to foreign shocks.
Gucy2d selectively marks inhibitory dynorphin neurons in the spinal dorsal horn but is dispensable for pain and itch sensitivity

Introduction Inhibitory neurons in the spinal dorsal horn can be classified based on expression of neurochemical marker genes. However, these marker genes are often expressed throughout the central nervous system, which poses challenges for manipulating genetically identified spinal neurons without undesired off-target effects. Objectives We investigated whether Gucy2d, previously identified as a highly selective marker of dynorphin-lineage neurons in the dorsal horn, is expressed in other locations within the adult mouse spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), or brain. In addition, we sought to molecularly characterize Gucy2d-expressing dorsal horn neurons and investigate whether the disruption of Gucy2d gene expression affects sensitivity to itch or pain. Methods In situ hybridization experiments assessed Gucy2d mRNA expression in the adult mouse spinal cord, DRG, and brain, and its colocalization with Pax2, Bhlhb5, and Pde2a in dorsal horn neurons. Knockout mice lacking Gucy2d expression were compared with littermate controls to assess sensitivity to chloroquine-induced itch and dry skin-mediated chronic itch, as well as heat, cold, or mechanical stimuli. Results Gucy2d is selectively expressed in dynorphin-lineage neurons in lamina I-III of the adult mouse spinal cord but not in the brain or DRG. Spinal Gucy2d-expressing neurons are inhibitory neurons that also express the transcription factor Bhlhb5 and the cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase Pde2a. Gucy2d knockout mice did not exhibit altered responses to itch or pain. Conclusions The selective expression of Gucy2d within a subpopulation of inhibitory dorsal horn neurons may yield a means to selectively manipulate inhibitory signaling at the level of the spinal cord without effects on the brain.
Sample-based motion planning in high-dimensional and differentially-constrained systems

State of the art sample-based path planning algorithms, such as the Rapidly-exploring Random Tree (RRT), have proven to be effective in path planning for systems subject to complex kinematic and geometric constraints. The performance of these algorithms, however, degrade as the dimension of the system increases. Furthermore, sample-based planners rely on distance metrics which do not work well when the system has differential constraints. Such constraints are particularly challenging in systems with non-holonomic and underactuated dynamics. This thesis develops two intelligent sampling strategies to help guide the search process. To reduce sensitivity to dimension, sampling can be done in a low-dimensional task space rather than in the high-dimensional state space. Altering the sampling strategy in this way creates a Voronoi Bias in task space, which helps to guide the search, while the RRT continues to verify trajectory feasibility in the full state space. Fast path planning is demonstrated using this approach on a 1500-link manipulator. To enable task-space biasing for underactuated systems, a hierarchical task space controller is developed by utilizing partial feedback linearization. Another sampling strategy is also presented, where the local reachability of the tree is approximated, and used to bias the search, for systems subject to differential constraints. Reachability guidance is shown to improve search performance of the RRT by an order of magnitude when planning on a pendulum and non-holonomic car. The ideas of task-space biasing and reachability guidance are then combined for demonstration of a motion planning algorithm implemented on LittleDog, a quadruped robot. The motion planning algorithm successfully planned hounding trajectories over extremely rough terrain. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Paths of the Weberian-Austrian Interconnection

This paper centers on the theoretical-methodological interconnections between Weber and the Austrian economists. First, the influence of classical Austrian economics, especially Menger and Bohm-Bawerk, on Weber is reexamined. Then we are concerned with the importance of Weber's ideas in neoclassical Austrian economics, including Schumpeter, Mises and Hayek. Also, Weber's legacy in modern economics is reconsidered. Since little research is done on these interconnections between Weber's sociology and Austrian economics, the paper thereby contributes toward spanning a gap in the present economic and sociological literature. JEL classification: B30, B31. The Weber-Austrian connection (Boettke 1998) is relatively unexplored in the current literature in economics and sociology despite a certain number of studies. In particular, studies explicitly analyzing the relations of Weber to Austrian economics are rare, with some exceptions (Boettke 1998, Lachmann 1971, 1992). More frequent are those studies that deal with these issues in more indirect ways, namely via analyzing the relations of Schutz and the Austrians (Pietrykowski 1996, Prendergast 1986, Wagner 1983; see also on these pages Augier 1999), or as parts of more general analyses of Weber's work in relation to neoclassical economics and classical sociology (Holton and Turner 1989, Parsons 1947, Swedberg 1998). Of all these studies concerned directly or indirectly with the Weber-Austrian connec- tion, those concentrated on Schumpeter and Weber are most frequent (cf., Swedberg 1991). In retrospect, the focus on the connection between Weber and Schumpeter is not surpris- ing given not only their personal relations, but also their interactions as social scientists, especially the influence of Weber on the young Schumpeter. Notably, Schumpeter was considerably influenced by Max Weber's attempts at creating a 'new and broad type of trans-disciplinary economics" (Swedberg 1991:2) as an alternative to theoretical and his- torical economics, and thus as a resolution to their methodological dispute (Methodenstreit). Schumpeter reportedly borrowed (Swedberg 1991:93) the notions of social economics and economic sociology from Weber. More particularly, Schumpeter's concept of the sociology of enterprise was an application of Weber's economic sociology, with the Schumpeterian constructed type of the entrepreneur being a special case of Weberian ideal types. No wonder Schumpeter has been characterized as Weber's greatest successor in the role of an economic sociologist (Hughes 1977). However, what is less known is the general connection, in theoretical and methodological terms, between Weber and Austrian economics as a whole. In the ensuing we focus on this Weberian-Austrian connection, and treat that between Weber and Schumpeter as one of its
Area 5: community aspects, opportunities for growth. When failure didn't matter: network technology and the reinvention of community

Technological failure often becomes defined as an "obstacle to success" in community-based network projects. This paper describes a Jay County, IN infrastructure initiative where technological failure did not get defined as such. This raises some questions about what gets taken for granted in projects like these. In particular, this paper looks at what in community design and development efforts technology is good for.
Rapid Check of Cascade Impactor Cut-Sizes using a Polydisperse Challenge Aerosol Calibration Method

A method has been developed to check the 50% cut-size values of cascade impactor stages. The method involves generating a broad-size, log-normally distributed aerosol that covers the range of 50% cut-sizes for the impactor being tested. The amount of deposit on each impaction plate is analyzed and a histogram of the resulting aerosol size distribution plotted, using the amount of aerosol collected on each impaction plate and the published values for the cut-sizes of the impactor in question. If the particle size distribution indicated by the histogram does not result in a log-normal distribution, one or more of the assumed cut-sizes of the impactor are in error. The incorrect cut-sizes of the impactor can then be adjusted until the curve is log-normal, and these adjusted cut-sizes are the correct values for the impactor stages.
Do Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Share Cognitive Processes?

There is tremendous interest in understanding the role of cognitive processes within generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Regarding one process, intolerance of uncertainty (IU), extant data provide equivocal conclusions as to whether it shares a specific relation with either disorder. This study tested the specificity of IU and other cognitive processes, including negative problem orientation, responsibility and threat estimation, perfectionism and certainty, and importance and control of thoughts, in relation to symptoms of GAD and OCD in a large nonclinical sample. All cognitive processes except importance and control of thoughts (ICT) shared comparable relations with symptoms of both disorders and IU was the only cognitive process to predict unique variance—that above and beyond the other cognitive processes—in both GAD and OCD symptoms. We discuss the implications of these findings for conceptualizing points of convergence and divergence between the symptoms of two disorders that historically have shown meaningful overlap.
Human neutrophil formyl peptide receptor phosphorylation and the mucosal inflammatory response

Bacterial/mitochondrial fMLF analogs bind FPR1, driving accumulation/activation of PMN at sites of infection/injury, while promoting wound healing in epithelia. We quantified levels of UFPR1 and TFPR1 in isolated PMN by use of phosphosensitive NFPRb and phosphorylation-independent NFPRa antibodies. UFPR1 and total TFPR were assessed inflamed mucosa, observed in human IBD. In isolated PMN after fMLF stimulation, UFPR1 declined 70% ((fMLF)EC50 = 11 ± 1 nM; t1/2 = 15 s) and was stable for up to 4 h, whereas TFPR1 changed only slightly. Antagonists (tBoc-FLFLF, CsH) and metabolic inhibitor NaF prevented the fMLF-dependent UFPR1 decrease. Annexin A1 fragment Ac2-26 also induced decreases in UFPR1 ((Ac2-26)EC50 ∼ 3 µM). Proinflammatory agents (TNF-α, LPS), phosphatase inhibitor (okadaic acid), and G-protein activator (MST) modestly increased (fMLF)EC50, 2- to 4-fold, whereas PTX, Ca(2+) chelators (EGTA/BAPTA), H2O2, GM-CSF, ENA-78, IL-1RA, and LXA4 had no effect. Aggregation-inducing PAF, however, strongly inhibited fMLF-stimulated UFPR1 decreases. fMLF-driven PMN also demonstrated decreased UFPR1 after traversing monolayers of cultured intestinal epithelial cells, as did PMN in intestinal mucosal samples, demonstrating active inflammation from UC patients. Total TFPR remained high in PMN within inflamed crypts, migrating through crypt epithelium, and in the lamina propria-adjoining crypts, but UFPR1 was only observed at some peripheral sites on crypt aggregates. Loss of UFPR1 in PMN results from C-terminal S/T phosphorylation. Our results suggest G protein-insensitive, fMLF-dependent FPR1 phosphorylation in isolated suspension PMN, which may manifest in fMLF-driven transmigration and potentially, in actively inflamed tissues, except at minor discrete surface locations of PMN-containing crypt aggregates.
Characterization and mechanical testing of alumina-based nanocomposites reinforced with niobium and/or carbon nanotubes fabricated by spark plasma sintering

Abstract Alumina-based nanocomposites reinforced with niobium and/or carbon nanotubes (CNT) were fabricated by advanced powder processing techniques and consolidated by spark plasma sintering. Raman spectroscopy revealed that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) begin to break down at sintering temperatures >1150 °C. Nuclear magnetic resonance showed that, although thermodynamically unlikely, no Al 4 C 3 formed in the CNT–alumina nanocomposites, such that the nanocomposite can be considered as purely a physical mixture with no chemical bond formed between the nanotubes and ceramic matrix. In addition, in situ single-edge notched bend tests were conducted on niobium and/or CNT-reinforced alumina nanocomposites to assess their toughness. Despite the absence of subcritical crack growth, average fracture toughness values of 6.1 and 3.3 MPa m 1/2 were measured for 10 vol.% Nb and 10 vol.% Nb–5 vol.% SWCNT–alumina, respectively. Corresponding tests for the alumina nanocomposites containing 5 vol.% SWCNT, 10 vol.% SWCNT, 5 vol.% double-walled-CNT and 10 vol.% Nb yielded average fracture toughnesses of 3.0, 2.8, 3.3 and 4.0 MPa m 1/2 , respectively. It appears that the reason for not observing improvement in fracture toughness of CNT-reinforced samples is because of either damage to CNTs or possibly non-optimal interfacial bonding between CNT-alumina.
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) following unrelated donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT): higher response rate in recipients of unrelated donor (URD) umbilical cord blood (UCB).

Abstract We present a comparative analysis of clinical presentation and response to treatment in 170 patients with chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD) (123 following transplant from an unrelated donor [URD] and 47 from umbilical cord blood [UCB]). URD transplant recipients were significantly younger (median age 25 versus 39 years, P = .002; and the donor grafts were mostly HLA matched (67% versus 10%, P
A modified host-mediated assay using cultured human lymphoid cells in diffusion chambers in mice and cytogenetic effects of cyclophosphamide.

Abstract A modified host-mediated assay system using cultured human lymphoid cells as target cells is described. The human cells were cultured in diffusion chambers (DC) and implanted into C 3 H St mice. Induction of chromosome aberrations in human cells in DC as well as host bone marrow cells was used as an index of mutagenicity of a given compound and its metabolites. The cells from six human lymphoid lines were studied for their growth potential in DC in mice. Cells from two lines, both derived from blood of normal persons, failed to grow. The other four lines proliferated well. The maximum number of cells per DC was reached from 3 to 5 days after implantation and the maximum cell density per DC varied from 4 to 15 times the initial cell concentration. The mitotic index in DC was high on the first and second days and then decreased gradually. There were mitoses in some DC more than 2 weeks after implantation. Cells from DC which had been in hosts for approximately 2 weeks were recultured. Several such cultures proliferated within a week. Cytogenetic effects of cyclophosphamide (CY) in cells from two lines in DC in mice and in host bone marrow were investigated. A high rate of human and mouse cells with chromosome aberrations caused by CY injection was observed.
Sex differences in vocational integration and differentiation

Abstract Over the past 15 years several programs of research have addressed the relationship between structural features of vocational schemas and career-relevant variables. The possible operation of sex differences in these structural features has not yet received systematic attention, however, nor has the determination of these features been based on consistent and uniform criteria across different studies. Results of this study of 808 undergraduates (457 females, 351 males) provide some comparative standards for the two most commonly studied cognitive features (integration and differentiation), and suggest the operation of sex differences in these features. The minimal size and questionable meaningfulness of these differences are discussed in relation to potential measurement confounds in assessing aspects of vocational structure by current methods.
Genetic Analysis of the UL15 Gene Locus for the Putative Terminase of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Abstract The herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) UL15 gene encodes one of the six viral gene products required for viral DNA cleavage and packaging. UL15 is a spliced gene and encodes two separately translated proteins, UL15 and UL15.5. Sequence analysis reveals that UL15 shares homology with gp17, the large catalytic subunit of the bacteriophage T4 terminase, a protein which cleaves the polymeric T4 DNA into monomers. Both proteins contain a putative ATP binding motif known as the Walker A and B boxes. In this report, immunofluorescence was used to show that UL15 localizes to the nucleus in the absence of any other viral proteins; this indicates that UL15 contains its own nuclear localization signal. In addition, we found that UL15 colocalizes with replication compartments at early times (6 h postinfection). Since, at this time, preformed capsids as well as other cleavage and packaging proteins are also recruited to replication compartments, it seems likely that cleavage and packaging occurs in the same compartments in which DNA synthesis occurs. Also in this report, we have investigated UL15.5, the N-terminally truncated gene product of the UL15 open reading frame (ORF). The start codon has been mapped to Met 443 within the UL15 ORF. Furthermore, we have shown that plasmids containing a UL15.5 knockout mutation still complement the growth of UL15 insertion mutant viruses, indicating that UL15.5 is not required for viral growth in cell culture. Last, we constructed a UL15 mutant, UL15C(G263A), in which the invariant Gly 263 in the Walker box A of the ATP binding motif (GKT) was substituted with an alanine. We show that the mutant gene fails to support the growth of UL15 insertion mutant viruses, indicating that the putative ATP binding motif of UL15 is indispensable for its function.
Low‐density silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) polyculture does not prevent cyanobacterial off‐flavours in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque)

Silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes) were co-cultured with channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque) in 0.4 ha earthen ponds to determine the impacts of carp grazing on pond phytoplankton communities and cyanobacterial off-flavours in catfish. Carp were stocked at densities of 0, 75, or 250 fish ha−1 in seven replicate ponds per treatment. The mean chlorophyll a concentrations (a measure of phytoplankton standing crop) steadily increased in all treatments from about 100 μg L−1 in April to more than 400 μg L−1 by mid-October. Silver carp had no affect (P>0.1) on chlorophyll a concentrations across all sampling dates (April though October) or for sampling dates late in the growing season (August–October) when the prevalence of cyanobacterial off-flavours among catfish populations is usually greatest. Silver carp did not eliminate odour-producing cyanobacteria from pond phytoplankton communities: on sampling dates in September and October, three to six ponds in all treatments contained populations of the odour-producing cyanobacteria Oscillatoria perornata, Anabaena spp., or both. Failure of silver carp to eliminate odour-producing cyanobacteria resulted in a relatively high incidence in all treatments of ponds with off-flavoured catfish. On sampling dates in September and October, catfish in three to five ponds in each treatment were tainted with either musty (2-methylisoborneol) or earthy (geosmin) off-flavours. The presence of silver carp had no obvious effect on off-flavour intensity: on each sampling date, at least three ponds in each treatment contained catfish described as distinctly to extremely off-flavored. Apparently, hypertrophic conditions in catfish ponds overwhelm the effect of silver carp grazing at the low carp densities used in this study.
Turcotte receives 2003 William Bowie medal

Donald L. Turcotte was awarded the Bowie Medal at the AGU Fall Meeting Honors Ceremony, which was held on 10 December 2003, in San Francisco, California. The medal honors “outstanding contributions to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in research”
Recurrent Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma of the Attached Gingiva: A Case Report

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma is an uncommon, benign, unencapsulated, exophytic gingival mass of fibrous connective tissue covered with a surface epithelium. Odontogenic epithelium and mineralized material may be found in the mass. A case is reported of a lesion that recurred in the attached gingiva following initial excision. Differential diagnosis of exophytic gingival lesions and post-operative management are also discussed. J Periodontol 1992; 63:645–647.
A PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL DIFFERENCE IN ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE S AND R VARIANTS OF A SINGLE BACTERIAL STRAIN

1. Rabbits were immunized with Bact. typhosum 0 901 S and 0 901 R, over a long period. Homologous and heterologous strains were sensitized with sera obtained from weekly bleedings. Agglutination titer was recorded, and the isoelectric points of the bacteria maximally sensitized were determined. 2. 0 901 S maximally sensitized with homologous immune serum had isoelectric points which became more alkaline as immunization progressed, covering a range of pH 4.8 to 5.5. 3. Strain 0 901 R maximally sensitized with homologous immune serum had isoelectric points which became more alkaline as immunization progressed, covering the range of pH 5.0 to 5.9. 4. Both 0 901 S and 0 901 R maximally sensitized with heterologous serum had isoelectric points lower than when sensitized with homologous serum. 5. The isoelectric points of both forms sensitized with increasing concentrations of homologous immune serum were determined. Increasing concentrations of homologous immune serum shifted the isoelectric point of 0 901 R from less than 2.2 for the unsensitized bacteria progressively to the alkaline side until the maximum values previously mentioned were reached. Increasing concentrations of homologous immune serum conferred upon 0 901 S isoelectric points which became only slightly more alkaline in maximal sensitization. 6. The electrophoretic mobilities of 0 901 S and 0 901 R, in each case maximally sensitized with homologous hyperimmune serum, were found to differ significantly over the whole range of pH studied.
'Why didn't somebody tell me?': climate, information asymmetry, and bad news about troubled projects

The reluctance to transmit bad news is a problem that is endemic to many organizations. When large projects go awry, it often takes weeks, months, and sometimes even years, before senior management becomes fully aware of what has happened. Accurate communication concerning a project and its status is therefore critical if organizations are to avoid costly and embarrassing debacles. This paper describes the results of an experiment designed to explore some key variables that may influence an individual's willingness to report bad news in an information systems project context. We extend a basic theoretical model derived from the whistle-blowing literature by considering relevant constructs from agency theory. We then test the entire model using a controlled experiment that employs a role-playing scenario. The results explain a significant portion of the variance in the reluctance to report negative status information. Implications for research and practice are discussed, along with directions for future research.
How Does One Design or Evaluate a Course in Quantitative Reasoning

In the absence of generally accepted content standards and with little evidence on the learning for long-term retrieval and transfer, how does one design or evaluate a course in quantitative reasoning (QR)? This is a report on one way to do so. The subject QR course, which has college algebra as a prerequisite and has been taught for 8 years, is being modified slightly to be offered as an alternative to college algebra. One modification is adding a significant formal writing component. As the modification occurs, the current course and the modified one are judged according to six sets of criteria: the six core competencies of the Association of American Colleges and Universities rubric on quantitative literacy; the five mathematical competencies from the National Research Council (NRC) study report, Adding It Up; the eight practice standards from the Common Core State Standards for Mathematics; the five elements of effective thinking as articulated by Edward Burger and Michael Starbird, the summary research findings on human cognition from the NRC study report, How People Learn; and the ten principles gleaned from applying the science of learning to university teaching. The QR course, as described by ten design principles, is determined to be generally well aligned with most of the overlapping criteria of the six sets, providing cogent evidence of high educational value.
Daptomycin use in pediatric patients

Purpose Currently available evidence on the use of daptomycin in pediatric patients is reviewed and evaluated. Summary Although guidelines on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections recommend daptomycin for use in pediatric patients, that recommendation is primarily based on expert opinion. A literature search for articles on pediatric daptomycin use identified three pharmacokinetic studies, three case reports, and one retrospective review. The limited body of published evidence indicates that pediatric patients may require higher daptomycin doses than adult patients in order to attain therapeutic serum concentrations. Pharmacokinetic studies in pediatric patients demonstrated faster daptomycin clearance (CL) and a decreased area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) relative to values reported in adults. Daptomycin appears to have a shorter half-life in patients 2–6 years of age relative to those 12–17 years of age. A retrospective review of 16 cases in which pediatric patients were treated with daptomycin for invasive gram-positive infections indicated positive outcomes after the addition of daptomycin to standard therapy. Overall, daptomycin appears to be well tolerated in pediatric patients. Conclusion Due to the limited nature of the available literature, use of daptomycin in pediatric patients should be limited to situations in which other options are not viable due to toxicity, local susceptibility patterns, or likely treatment failure. As a result of faster drug CL and lower AUC values, higher doses may be necessary in pediatric patients to achieve serum concentrations similar to those seen with adult dosing.
Characterization of the Practice and Attitudes of Genetic Counselors with Doctoral Degrees

Potential advantages and disadvantages of doctoral training in genetic counseling have been debated. In this study, individual interviews were conducted to characterize the practice and attitudes of genetic counselors who have achieved doctoral degrees in any field. Participants (N=31) were more likely to spend time in research and less likely to spend time in clinic than genetic counselors in general. Advantages identified by participants were consistent with theorized advantages, and included increased knowledge, wider research roles, additional opportunities and greater respect. Disadvantages identified by participants focused more on individual perspectives than previously theorized profession-wide disadvantages. These included increased time commitment and decreased patient contact. The attitudes of participants towards the development of doctoral training in genetic counseling were generally positive. The results suggest that doctoral training in genetic counseling would have more benefits than drawbacks for individuals pursuing this degree.
Better Articulating Normal Curve Theory for Introductory Mathematical Statistics Students: Power Transformations and Their Back-Transformations

This article addresses a gap in many, if not all, introductory mathematical statistics textbooks, namely, transforming a random variable so that it better mimics a normal distribution. Virtually all such textbooks treat the subject of variable transformations, which furnishes a nice opportunity to introduce and study this transformation-to-normality topic, a topic students frequently encounter in subsequent applied statistics courses. Accordingly, this article reviews variable power transformations of the Box–Cox type within the context of normal curve theory, as well as addresses their corresponding back-transformations. It presents four theorems and a conjecture that furnish the basics needed to derive equivalent results for all nonnegative values of the Box–Cox power transformation exponent. Results are illustrated with the exponential random variable. This article also includes selected pedagogic tools created with R code.
Optimal Locations on a Line Are Interleaved

Suppose n facilities are to be located on a fine segment so as to minimize cost function. One might expect that the facilities' optimal locations have the following interleaving property: if one of the n facilities is removed and if the locations of the others are shifted by reoptimizing, each remaining facility's location shifts toward the location of the one removed, but not farther toward it than the original location of the adjacent facility. This paper presents two models whose solutions have this interleaving property and four examples of such models. An additive criterion is used in one model, a minimax criterion in the other. In the additive model, the minimum cost is a convex function of n; in the minimax model, it is nonincreasing.
Reverse right ventricular structural and extracellular matrix remodeling by estrogen in severe pulmonary hypertension

Chronic pulmonary hypertension (PH) leads to right-ventricular failure (RVF) characterized by RV remodeling. Ventricular remodeling is emerging as an important process during heart failure and reco...
Students Teaching Students: An Experiential Learning Opportunity for Large Introductory Psychology Classes in Collaboration with Local Elementary Schools:

Students in large, lecture-based introductory psychology classes often do not have the benefit of experiential learning (EL) opportunities due to logistical constraints. To overcome this obstacle, we developed an EL project in which introductory psychology students in small groups present some aspect of the course material to local elementary school classes. The project challenges undergraduate students to demonstrate a deep level of understanding of the presentation material. Such depth of understanding enables them to flexibly communicate material in an age-appropriate manner to kindergarten through 5th-grade students. Feedback results from undergraduate students, elementary school students, and teachers demonstrated that this project supported learning outcomes in undergraduates in a positive and enjoyable way for both student groups.