cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 942: Protein kinase CK2 contributes to 1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-mediated CYP24A1 gene expression in prostate cancer cells

The active vitamin D metabolite 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 (1,25(OH) 2 D 3 ) plays a major role in regulating calcium homeostasis and bone mineralization. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 also modulates cellular proliferation and differentiation in a variety of cell types through the activation of vitamin D receptor (VDR), by both genomic and nongenomic pathways. 1,25-(OH) 2 D 3 has anti-tumor effects in several tumor models. 24-hydroxylase, encoded by the CYP24A1 gene, plays a key role in degrading 1,25(OH) 2 D 3. Suppression of CYP24A1 function enhances the antitumor activity of vitamin D. In order to isolate regulators of CYP24A1 expression in prostate cancer cells, we established the prostate cancer cell line PC3 stably transfected with CYP24A1 promoter driving luciferase expression and used this cell line to screen for compounds that inhibit CYP24A1 promoter activity, using a drug library. From this screening, we identified, 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzimidazole (TBBz), a protein kinase CK2 selective inhibitor as a disruptor of CYP24A1 promoter activity. We show that TBBz specifically inhibits CYP24A1 promoter activity induced by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 in prostate cancer DU145 and PC3 cells. In addition, TBBz downregulates endogenous CYP24A1 mRNA level in TBBz treated PC3 cells. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated CK2 knockdown reduces 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 induced CYP24A1 mRNA expression in PC3 cells. This inhibitory effect on CYP24A1 expression by CK2 siRNA is enhanced by the addition of TBBz. These results suggest that CK2 signaling contributes to 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 mediated induction of CYP24A expression. This study provides among the first line of evidence that CK2 is linked to vitamin D metabolism. Future studies will elucidate the mechanism(s) underlying the mechanism by which CK2 regulates CYP24A1 expression. In summary, our findings reveal that protein kinase CK2 is involved in the regulation of CYP24A1 expression by 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 , and highlight a novel strategy to facilitate the optimization of antitumor therapy of vitamin D. This study was supported by NIH/NCI grants 5R01CA067267 and 5R01CA095045 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 942. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-942
News place-making: applying ‘mental mapping’ to explore the journalistic interpretive community:

Scholarship in visual communications, media, and geography explore how news media assign meanings to environment through narratives of and about place. In this study, however, the author aims to mo...
Study of the control strategy under island operation of the enterprise grid

Taking a large petrochemical enterprise grid for example,based on the time-domain dynamic simulation analysis method to simulate the whole island operation process due to the serious fault,the existing problems between low frequency load shedding and the low voltage trip of motors and SVC are concluded. The coordination method is proposed. And through simulations,the least total loss of load is reached making sure the island operation of the enterprise stable.
The Development of an Efficient Water Market in Northern Colorado, USA

An efficient water market has been established in a large water district in northern Colorado, USA. This is the most active water market in the USA in terms of number of transactions per year. The typical trade is from agriculture where marginal net values lie in the range of US$20– US$50 per acre-foot to towns where willingness-to-pay is closer to US$500 per acre-foot. The water being traded is imported from another basin, a feature that, under western US water law, allows the importer to consume the water completely without concern for downstream impacts. The ownership instruments are homogeneous shares that allow the owner to share proportionally in water available to the District. Transfers of the shares must be within the District and require approval only by the District Board (as opposed to typical State level administration of transfers). These two features result in low transaction costs that stimulate frequent small trades. Since irrigated agriculture consumes 85 % of Colorado’s total supply, typical transactions involve permanent share transfers from agricultural uses to industrial and urban uses but temporary leases for 1 year are frequent, especially among agricultural users. Environmental groups and some towns have increasingly contributed or loaned their shares to instream flow and riparian ecosystem maintenance. Prices of these shares have risen rapidly with high population and commercial growth of the region.
Insulin Therapy Improves Adeno-Associated Virus Transduction of Liver and Skeletal Muscle in Mice and Cultured Cells

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer is a promising treatment for genetic abnormalities. Optimal AAV vectors are showing success in clinical trials. Gene transfer to skeletal muscle and liver is being explored as a potential therapy for some conditions, that is, α1-antitrypsin (AAT) disorder and hemophilia B. Exploring approaches that enhance transduction of liver and skeletal muscle, using these vectors, is beneficial for gene therapy. Regulating hormones as an approach to improve AAV transduction is largely unexplored. In this study we tested whether insulin therapy improves liver and skeletal muscle gene transfer. In vitro studies demonstrated that the temporary coadministration (2, 8, and 24 hr) of insulin significantly improves AAV2-CMV-LacZ transduction of cultured liver cells and differentiated myofibers, but not of lung cells. In addition, there was a dose response related to this improved transduction. Interestingly, when insulin was not coadministered with the virus but given 24 hr afterwa...
Hardware/software techniques for memory power optimizations in embedded processors

Power has become one of the primary design constraints in modern embedded microprocessors. Many embedded applications perform computationally demanding tasks, such as signal processing and encryption, that require high performance processors. Hence, traditional power savings techniques that sacrifice performance for power are not always applicable. It is well known that the memory sub-system is responsible for a significant fraction of the overall power dissipation. On-chip memory structures, such as register files, caches, and scratch-pads, provide fast and energy efficient access to program and data by reducing the slower and power hungry off-chip accesses. Memory power, therefore, can be reduced by employing techniques to effectively utilize these storage elements. In this dissertation, three different compiler orchestrated, but hardware-assisted techniques, are proposed that target these on-chip storage elements while remaining performance neutral. A windowed register file architecture that provides a large number of physical registers without compromising on the instruction encoding is proposed. A novel graph partitioning compiler algorithm was designed that partitions virtual registers within a procedure across multiple windows. This reduces memory demand by avoiding spills, thus improving both power and performance. Scratch-pad memories, unlike traditional hardware caches, lack the complex tag checking and comparison logic, thereby proving to be efficient in area and power. A compiler managed dynamic instruction placement algorithm was designed wherein, multiple hot code sequences are made to overlap each other in the scratch-pad at different points in time during execution through specially provided copy instructions. Finally, data caches have been effective in dealing with more irregular data access patterns. But, they employ hardware-based lookup and replacement schemes that have high energy overheads. A partitioned data cache architecture is proposed in which, enhanced load/store instructions are used to control fine-grain data placement and lookup within a set of cache partitions. This fine-grain control can avoid conflicts, thus providing the performance benefits of highly associative caches, while saving energy by eliminating redundant tag- and data-array accesses. These techniques are evaluated within the context of a low-power WIMS microprocessor resulting in a combined system energy savings of around 32%.
A Brief Look at Presidential Press Conferences

Presidential press conferences are the only opportunity for anyone in this society to direct questions to a president in public.1 In Great Britain, in contrast, members of Parliament frequently have the opportunity to question the Prime Minister. The British system might be argued to be better than ours, for one can be reasonably sure that members of an opposition party will ask rather tougher questions than the ostensibly neutral reporters who question our presidents.
Multi-analyte paper-analytical-devices (PAD) with CMOS integration for point-of-Care diagnostics

A three dimensional paper-based analytical device (PAD) with multiple electrochemical sensors, an integrated sample reservoir and tight integration with a custom CMOS potentiostat is presented. The sensors are fabricated using a combination of wax printing and screen printing using a solution based approach in ambient conditions without the need for expensive fabrication equipment or a cleanroom. Multiple working electrodes allow the sensor to be used for multiplexed multi-analyte measurements. Functionality is demonstrated with electrochemical measurements for the detection of dopamine and glucose. Together the 3D paper-based analytical device with integrated sensor microfluidics and custom CMOS potentiostat demonstrate a low-cost, self-contained system suitable for point-of-care diagnostic devices.
“Love in a Time of Capital”: A Response to the Papers

The essays gathered here display the vitality of humanities scholarship about what must be considered a basic question for today: what are the powers enabling, and challenges facing, human efforts ...
Optimize the Signal Quality of the Composite Health Index via Data Fusion for Degradation Modeling and Prognostic Analysis

Due to the rapid development of sensing and computing technologies, multiple sensors have been widely used in a system to simultaneously monitor the health status of an operating unit. Such a data-rich environment creates an unprecedented opportunity to better understand the degradation behavior of the system and make accurate inferences about the remaining lifetime. Since data collected from multiple sensors are often correlated and each sensor data contains only partial information about the degraded unit, data fusion methodologies that integrate the data from multiple sensors provide an essential tool for degradation modeling and prognostics. To achieve this goal, a fundamental question needs to be answered first is how to measure the signal quality of a degradation signal. If such a question can be addressed, then the data fusion approach can be simplified as a mission-specific task: to construct a composite health index with the goal of optimizing its signal quality. In this paper, a new signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) metric that is tailored to the needs of degradation signals is proposed. Then, based on the new quality metric, we develop a data-level fusion model to construct a health index via fusion of multiple degradation-based sensor data. Our goal is that the developed health index provides a much better characterization of the health condition of the unit and thus leads to a better prediction of the remaining lifetime. A case study that involves the degradation dataset of aircraft gas turbine engines is conducted to numerically evaluate the performance of the developed health index regarding prognostics and further compare the result with existing literature.
Two-stage biofiltration of sulfides and VOCs from wastewater treatment plants

Hydrogen sulfide and volatile organic compounds are often found together in waste air streams. This combination is difficult to treat by biofiltration because oxidation of the sulfide produces acid, reducing the pH in the biofilter. Rapid declines in pH can inhibit treatment of organic compounds. A two-stage biofilter, with the first stage operated at low pH and an inorganic support medium, and the second operated at neutral pH with an organic support can eliminate the problem. A pilot-scale facility was operated on this principle. Comparisons were made among two-stage treatment, single-stage low pH treatment, and single-stage uncontrolled treatment to determine which of the strategies was most effective. In two-stage treatment the first stage did provide protection for the second, allowing it to operate at neutral pH. Single-stage low pH treatment was effective at removing sulfide and many organic compounds, and may be sufficient for many applications.
A comparison of classical histology to anatomy revealed by hard x-rays

Many diseases trigger morphological changes in affected tissue. Today, classical histology is still the “gold standard” used to study and describe those changes. Classical histology, however, is time consuming and requires chemical tissue manipulations that can result in significant tissue distortions. It is sometimes difficult to separate tissue-processing artifacts from changes caused by the disease process. We show that synchrotron X-ray phase-contrast micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) can be used to examine non-embedded, hydrated tissue at a resolution comparable to that obtained with classical histology. The data analysis from stacks of reconstructed micro-CT images is more flexible and faster than when using the classical, physically embedded sections that are by necessity fixed in a particular orientation. We show that in a three-dimensional (3D) structure with meticulous structural details such as the cochlea and the kidney, micro-CT is more flexible, faster and more convenient for morphological studies and disease diagnoses.
Ontologies and Rules in Business Models

SBVR is a new standard that defines a metamodel for business-layer vocabularies and rules. This paper summarizes SBVR features and argues that the SBVR enables definition of true ontologies. The paper also summarizes experience with a partial SBVR implementation in the context of an existing technique for modeling businesses and transforming the models into implementations. The work contributes to understanding the issues around the integration of business rules with business processes and ontologies. The paper argues that these three should be seen as peer business modeling elements with important and useful inter-relationships.
Introduction from the new Editors-in-Chief.

As we begin our tenure as Editors-in-Chief of the International Urogynecology Journal (IUJ), we would like to thank the previous Editors-in-Chief for establishing the IUJ as the premier journal in the field of urogynecology. Our journal is the “go-to” journal for practicing urogynecologists across the globe, and the IUJ publishes more urogynecology articles than any other subspecialty journal in the field. We fully recognize that the greatest strength of the IUJ is the international makeup of our Editors, readership, reviewers, and authors. Our main task as incoming Editors-in-Chief will be to maintain that representation and promote further engagement with scientists and clinicians internationally so that our journal continues to attract and publish the best manuscripts in the field of urogynecology. We feel strongly that our mission is to provide a platform for the publication of the best that we as urogynecologists have to offer. This means that we will reach out to our readership, Editorial Board and fellow Editors to find new and innovative ways to ensure that the best science is published with efficient, high-quality reviews that are completed in a timely manner. To achieve this, we will focus on improving the work flow of the Editors such that their job in managing submissions is efficient, effective, and timely. This will mean further reductions in time-to-decision and more productive manuscript reviews for authors. We will focus on providing better guidance to our reviewers so that we receive only high-quality reviews from all who participate in the manuscript review process. Finally, we will focus on making the manuscript submission process an easy one that provides authors with a simple process for submission and a short time to decision. Although these processes have already improved substantially, our job is to determine how to improve them even further. As times change, we as Editors-in-Chief will work to put the IUJ in a position to flourish. This will means engaging new international communities that have up and coming research units. We must also find new and different ways to engage younger readers while maintaining our standing amongst our traditional readership. We look forward to working with the International Urogynecological Association leadership to promote research and publication in our field and work closely with our partners at Springer to promote the journal. * Steven Swift swifts@musc.edu
Invasive plant alters community and ecosystem dynamics by promoting native predators.

Placing invasion in a more complete food web context expands our understanding of species invasions to reflect the inherent complexity of ecological networks. Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) has traditionally been predicted to dominate native communities through mechanisms embodied in popular hypotheses such as direct plant–plant interactions (allelopathy) and plant–herbivore interactions (enemy escape). However, garlic mustard also interacts directly with native predators by providing habitat for web-building spiders, which colonize the dry fruit structures (siliques) that garlic mustard leaves behind after it senesces. This interaction may lead to altered food web structure, resulting previously unexamined invasion consequences. This idea was tested in a field experiment including three treatments in which garlic mustard siliques were left intact (S+), removed (S−), or native species dominated and garlic mustard was absent (N). When siliques were intact, estimated insect abundance was locally reduced in invaded plots compared to native plots, but this relationship disappeared when siliques were removed. Phosphorus availability and the growth of one native plant species were both elevated in invaded plots where siliques were intact compared to plots where siliques were removed. Results indicate that garlic mustard's close association with web-building spiders initiates cascading invader impacts on the native community and ecosystem properties. This work supports recent theory suggesting that taking a broader food web perspective may help predict invasion impacts in different environmental contexts.
The Measurement of Personal Influence in Organization and Community

Discussions of personal influence in situations in communities and organizations are ordinarily abstract and theoretical. In this paper, a practical method for the measurement of influence in interactional terms is developed. The approach combines the use of Likert scales, sociometric techniques and a simplified version of "blockmodeling" using mathematical matrices. The method is outlined using a hypothetical social service agency with a seven-member staff.
Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality by Timothy Leary

(1959). Interpersonal Diagnosis of Personality by Timothy Leary. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 9, No. 3, pp. 382-383.
New data towards the development of a comprehensive taphonomic framework for the Late Jurassic Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry, Central Utah

The Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry (CLDQ) is the densest deposit of Jurassic theropod dinosaurs discovered to date. Unlike typical Jurassic bone deposits, it is dominated by the presence of Allosaurus fragilis. Since excavation began in the 1920s, numerous hypotheses have been put forward to explain the taphonomy of CLDQ, including a predator trap, a drought assemblage, and a poison spring. In an effort to reconcile the various interpretations of the quarry and reach a consensus on the depositional history of CLDQ, new data is required to develop a robust taphonomic framework congruent with all available data. Here we present two new data sets that aid in the development of such a robust taphonomic framework for CLDQ. First, x-ray fluorescence of CLDQ sediments indicate elevated barite and sulfide minerals relative to other sediments from the Morrison Formation in the region, suggesting an ephemeral environment dominated by periods of hypereutrophic conditions during bone accumulation. Second, the degree of abrasion and hydraulic equivalency of small bone fragments dispersed throughout the matrix were analyzed from CLDQ. Results of these analyses suggest that bone fragments are autochthonous or parautochthonous and are derived from bones deposited in the assemblage rather than transported. The variability in abrasion exhibited by the fragments is most parsimoniously explained by local periodic re-working and re-deposition during seasonal fluctuations throughout the duration of the quarry assemblage. Collectively, these data support previous interpretations that the CLDQ represents an attritional assemblage in a poorly-drained overbank deposit where vertebrate remains were introduced post-mortem to an ephemeral pond during flood conditions. Furthermore, while the elevated heavy metals detected at the Cleveland-Lloyd Dinosaur Quarry are not likely the primary driver for the accumulation of carcasses, they are likely the result of multiple sources; some metals may be derived from post-depositional and diagenetic processes, and others are potentially produced from an abundance of decomposing vertebrate carcasses. These new data help to support the inferred depositional environment of the quarry as an ephemeral pond, and represent a significant step in understanding the taphonomy of the bonebed and Late Jurassic paleoecology in this region.
Modulation of the Intratumoral Immune Landscape by Oncolytic Herpes Simplex Virus Virotherapy.

Vaccines and immunotherapeutic approaches to cancers with the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified T cells have recently demonstrated preclinical success and entered clinical trials. Despite advances in these approaches and combinatorial therapeutic regimens, depending on the nature of the cancer and the immune and metabolic landscape within the tumor microenvironment, current immunotherapeutic modalities remain inadequate. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated clear evidence of significant, and sometimes dramatic, antitumor activity and long-term survival effects of a variety of oncolytic viruses (OVs), particularly oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV). Acting as a multifaceted gene therapy vector and potential adjuvant-like regimens, oHSV can carry genes encoding immunostimulatory molecules in its genome. The oncolytic effect of oHSV and the inflammatory response that the virus stimulates provide a one-two punch at attacking tumors. However, mechanisms underlying oHSV-induced restoration of intratumoral immunosuppression demand extensive research in order to further improve its therapeutic efficacy. In this review, we discuss the current OV-based therapy, with a focus on the unique aspects of oHSV-initiated anti-viral and antitumor immune responses, arising from virus-mediated immunological cell death to intratumoral innate and adaptive immunity.
Computing Weight Multiplicities

Central to the study of the representation theory of Lie algebras is the computation of weight multiplicities, which are the dimensions of vector subspaces called weight spaces. The multiplicity of a weight can be computed using a well-known formula of Kostant that consists of an alternating sum over a finite group and involves a partition function. In this paper, we specialize to the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{s}\mathfrak{l}_{r+1}(\mathbb{C})\) and focus on questions regarding the number of terms contributing nontrivially to Kostant’s weight multiplicity formula. Through this study, we show that these contributing sets, called Weyl alternation sets, show interesting combinatorial and geometric properties. We dedicate a section to detailed examples that illustrate accessible techniques students may use to begin investigating the open problems we present in this area.
Global capitalism, Haiti, and the flexibilisation of paramilitarism

This paper looks at the shifting manner in which paramilitarism has been reproduced in Haiti, examining how it has evolved from the Cold War into the era of capitalist globalisation. The central argument of this article is that paramilitarism has not disappeared but has been altered, and that this has occurred in part due to the changing strategies of elites in the global era. Rather than a permanent and widespread force, paramilitary groups are utilised in smaller numbers and only in certain ‘emergency periods’, serving a purpose of containment: targeting political threats and beating down those large populations whose social reproduction is not required by transnational capital. This has been a difficult situation for elites to manage, as they often have only limited control over such ruthless, corrupt and violent elements, which they sometimes require. Following the 1991 and 2004 coup d’etats in Haiti, a military–paramilitary–bourgeoisie grouping has repeatedly worked to recover its impunity an...
External Magnetic Field Effects on Ablation of Current-Driven Foils Using an Extended Magnetohydrodynamics Simulation

We numerically model the ablation process of a 25- $\mu \text{m}$ -thick aluminum foil driven by a pulsed-power machine that provides a 1-MA peak current in a 100-ns zero-to-peak rise time. The extended magnetohydrodynamics simulation is a discontinuous Galerkin code with Cartesian coordinates in 3-D and with 25- $\mu \text{m}$ spatial resolution. We investigate the influence of an external magnetic field normal to the foil surface, $B_{z}$ . During the foil ablation, $B_{z}=1$ T causes more nonuniform distributions of density and current compared to $B_{z}=0$ T. $B_{z}=4$ T delays the generation of surface plasma relative to the 0- and 1-T cases. The understanding of a material’s ablation as it undergoes transition from the solid to plasma phases requires detailed knowledge of a material’s equation of state and conductivity. This paper of warm dense matter and how instabilities propagate from a solid material to plasma motivates improvements to both numerical simulations and experimental diagnostics.
Patient Selection for Laparoendoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair

When evaluating a patient with an inguinal hernia and considering a laparoscopic or endoscopic approach, several factors need to be accounted for. A tailored approach that takes into consideration patient-related, anesthesia-related, and surgeon-related factors offers the best outcome and reduces complications and recurrences. Experience not only helps in the operating room, but is as important in patient selection and choice of operation. Proper patient selection would require a panoramic view of the patient as a whole and not just focusing on the hernia type or whether it’s primary or recurrent.
Capacity Testing of Stormwater Treatment Practices

A stormwater treatment practice can be assessed by testing, which involves making a series of measurements under conditions that are not a result of a natural runoff event. Capacity testing involves either the measurement of sediment surface elevations within a stormwater treatment practice or making measurements to determine the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil within the practice. This chapter discusses how capacity testing can be applied to various stormwater treatment practices and also includes examples demonstrating how the obtained data can be used to schedule maintenance. The chapter concludes with a case study involving the assessment of infiltration rates in a bioinfiltration practice (i.e., rain garden).
How Perception and Action Fosters Exploration and Selection in Infant Skill Acquisition.

In this chapter, we discuss how perception and action are intimately linked to the processes of exploration and selection. Exploration, which we define as trying several variations of the behavior, and selection, which involves attempting to reproduce the behaviors that work, are essential for learning about the environment, discovering the properties of objects, and for acquiring skills in relation to goals. Exploration and selection happen in the moment and over time as behaviors are repeated, hence leading to their fine-tuning to the goal. We illustrate this time-dependent developmental process using several examples from infants reaching for objects, to discovering object properties, to learning about the functionality of tool use, and even to word learning. As we present those examples, we introduce a more detailed perception-action loop to illustrate those moment-to-moment behaviors and show how they contribute to the acquisition of perceptual, motor, and cognitive skills in infancy.
Drug-Coated Balloon Angioplasty for Hemodialysis Fistula Maintenance.

Vascular access is the lifeline for patients with ESKD on hemodialysis. Mature arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) are the best type of vascular access, because they have a lower infection rate, have longer durability, and need fewer maintenance procedures compared with arteriovenous grafts and tunneled
Abstract 1189: Revisiting immune exhaustion in Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Clinical successes with immune check-point blockers have demonstrated the potency of the immune system in controlling cancers, most strikingly in Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), where overall response rates to PD1/L1 inhibitors approach 90%. Complete or durable responses, however, are uncommon, therefore targeting the PD1/L1 axis alone is not sufficient. Recent work analyzing the spatial arrangement of PD1 and PDL1 expressing cells has given us new insight into the mechanism of action of PD1/L1 inhibitors, however this work limited itself to studying a single check point marker on a subset of cells. We hypothesize that comprehensive profiling of the frequency and spatial arrangement of immune cells in the Hodgkin lymphoma tumor immune microenvironment (TME) will provide new insights into the mechanism of checkpoint blockers and identify novel targets for immune therapy. Until now, multiparameter spatial analysis of the immune microenvironment was limited by technical challenges. Flow and mass cytometry are able to identify immune subsets of interest but spatial information is lost. Multiplex tissue imaging methods are limited to 6-8 simultaneous markers and cannot capture the full complexity of the immune phenotypes. The Fluidigm Hyperion imaging mass cytometry (IMC) system combines a CyTOF mass cytometer with a laser ablation system allowing for 40+ parameter simultaneous immunophenotyping on a single slide of FFPE tissue, with sub-cellular resolution. We have developed a panel of 34 antibodies that allow for comprehensive characterization of CD4, CD8 and myeloid cells components in the TME of Hodgkin lymphoma using IMC. Here we report on our spatial analysis of TIM3 and LAG3 expressing CD4+ lymphocytes. Our data suggests LAG3+CD4+ and TIM3+CD4+ lymphocytes had shorter mean nearest distance to PDL1+Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells upon comparison to PDL1- HRS cells (t-test, p=1.703e-08,p=1.126e-14). Future studies should explore multiple exhausted marker models that seeks to further understand the presence of simultaneous exhaustion signals in the niche environment. These data suggest that therapies that target TIM3 and/or LAG3 should be tested in Hodgkin Lymphoma and that spatial analysis of immune subsets by IMC should be explored as selective and pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Citation Format: Anthony R. Colombo, Monirath Hav, Erik Gerdtsson, Jose Bisnesto-Villasboas, Stephen Ansell, James Hicks, Peter Kuhn, Akil Merchant. Revisiting immune exhaustion in Hodgkin’s lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1189.
Histopathologic Influences of Tissue Eosinophilia Among Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients.

BackgroundA subset of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients demonstrates tissue eosinophilia on structured histopathology. Prior studies have suggested that these patients are at increased risk for...
X-ray computed tomography using partially coherent Fresnel diffraction with application to an optical fiber

A reconstruction algorithm for partially coherent x-ray computed tomography (XCT) including Fresnel diffraction is developed and applied to an optical fiber. The algorithm is applicable to a high-resolution tube-based laboratory-scale x-ray tomography instrument. The computing time is only a few times longer than the projective counterpart. The algorithm is used to reconstruct, with projections and diffraction, a tilt series acquired at the micrometer scale of a graded-index optical fiber using maximum likelihood and a Bayesian method based on the work of Bouman and Sauer. The inclusion of Fresnel diffraction removes some reconstruction artifacts and use of a Bayesian prior probability distribution removes others, resulting in a substantially more accurate reconstruction.
Random Hamiltonians with arbitrary point interactions in one dimension

Abstract We consider disordered Hamiltonians given by the Laplace operator subject to arbitrary random self-adjoint singular perturbations supported on random discrete subsets of the real line. Under minimal assumptions on the type of disorder, we prove the following dichotomy: Either every realization of the random operator has purely absolutely continuous spectrum or spectral and exponential dynamical localization hold. In particular, we establish Anderson localization for Schrodinger operators with Bernoulli-type random singular potential and singular density.
Increasing rates of methamphetamine/amphetamine-involved overdose hospitalizations in Washington State, 2010-2017.

Abstract Background and aims In the United States, overdose deaths resulting from methamphetamine and other amphetamine-type stimulants (METH/AMPH) have been increasing. We describe rates and characterize patients hospitalized after a METH/AMPH-involved overdose in Washington State, to guide prevention and control measures. Design, setting, participants We conducted a trend analysis of hospitalized Washington State residents aged ≥15 years who received a METH/AMPH-involved overdose diagnosis in Washington’s civilian hospitals and reported in the Comprehensive Hospital Abstract Reporting System. Measurements We used Joinpoint regression analysis to study trends in rates of hospitalized patients who received a METH/AMPH-involved overdose diagnosis during 2010–2017. We used 2016–2017 data to describe characteristics of patients with nonfatal and fatal outcomes and used chi-square test (for categorical variables) and Wilcoxon rank-sum test (for continuous variables) to compare characteristics of patients by outcome. Findings During 2010–2017, 3587 patients were hospitalized and received a METH/AMPH-involved overdose diagnosis. The age-adjusted rate for METH/AMPH-involved overdose hospitalization increased from 6.3/100,000 persons in 2010 to 8.5/100,000 persons in 2017. Patients aged ≥55 years had the greatest increase in rate of overdose hospitalizations. Among these patients, 86% also had a substance use disorder diagnosis involving substances other than METH/AMPH, and 35% experienced a polysubstance overdose. Conclusions We observed increasing rates of METH/AMPH-involved overdose hospitalizations in Washington State, particularly among persons aged ≥55 years. Approximately a third of patients also experienced a polysubstance overdose, which can be considered when designing interventions to address increasing rates of overdose hospitalizations in Washington State.
Cesarean Delivery Management of Stillbirth: In-Depth Analysis of 75 Cases in a Rural State.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the characteristics surrounding women who underwent cesarean delivery for stillbirth management in the rural, southern US state of Arkansas. METHODS This was a planned secondary analysis of a retrospective descriptive study evaluating mode of delivery following the stillbirth of singleton pregnancies without anomalies or aneuploidy delivered in our state between July 2015 and June 2019. Data were extracted from a statewide reproductive health monitoring system and reviewed by the first three authors. Summary statistics were presented as means and standard deviations for continuous measures and frequencies and percentages for categorical variables. RESULTS There were 861 patients diagnosed as having stillbirth between July 2015 and June 2019 in 44 hospitals in Arkansas. Seventy-five of those patients (8.7%) underwent cesarean delivery and are the basis for this analysis. Common indications for cesarean delivery were prior cesarean delivery (41%), malpresentation (18.7%), and abruption or hemorrhage (13.1%). Sixty-five percent of patients had a prior cesarean delivery. The most common complications were infection and hemorrhage, which accounted for 64.3% of known complications. The overall complication rate was 18.7% among stillbirths delivered via cesarean. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that cesarean delivery remains a common mode of delivery for management of stillbirth and that there is maternal morbidity associated with an abdominal delivery because 22.7% of the women undergoing a cesarean had an operative complication. It also highlights that prior cesarean delivery remains a common indication for a repeat abdominal delivery following a stillbirth despite the lack of fetal benefit.
Forecasting infrastructure deterioration with GAN-inversion

Synthetic image generation using deep learning techniques like generative adversarial networks (GANS), has drastically improved since its inception. There has been significant research using human face datasets like FFHQ, and city-semantic datasets for self-driving car applications. Utilizing latent space distributions, researchers have been able to generate or edit images to exhibit specific traits in the resultant images, like face-aging. However, there has been little GAN research and datasets in the structural infrastructure domain. We propose an inverse-GAN application to embed real structural bridge detail images and incrementally edit them using learned semantic boundaries. Corrosion/non-corrosion and various steel paint colors were among the learned semantic boundaries discovered using the Interface-GAN methodology. The novel dataset used was procured from extracting hundreds of thousands of images from the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) bridge inspection reports and was trained using the styleGAN2 generator. The trained model offers the ability to forecast deterioration incrementally, which is valuable to inspectors, engineers, and owners because it gives a window into the future on how and where damage may progress. As bridge inspectors typically review bridges every two years, this forecast could reinforce decisions for action or in-action.
Association of Walnut Consumption with Total and Cause-Specific Mortality and Life Expectancy in U.S. Adults.

Walnut consumption is associated with health benefits. We aimed to (1) examine the association between walnut consumption and mortality and (2) estimate life expectancy in relation to walnut consumption in U.S. adults. We included 67,014 women of the Nurses’ Health Study (1998–2018) and 26,326 men of the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1998–2018) who were free of cancer, heart disease, and stroke at baseline. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During up to 20 years of follow-up, we documented 30,263 deaths. The hazard ratios for total mortality across categories of walnut intake (servings/week), as compared to non-consumers, were 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.91, 0.98) for =5 servings/week (p for trend <0.0001). A greater life expectancy at age 60 (1.30 years in women and 1.26 years in men) was observed among those who consumed walnuts more than 5 servings/week compared to non-consumers. Higher walnut consumption was associated with a lower risk of total and CVD mortality and a greater gained life expectancy among U.S. elder adults.
Overview of fully adaptive radar (FAR) for UAV applications

We provide an overview of recent advances that have come about in the area of cognitive radar over the past decade. The area of cognitive radar involves closed loop radar operation to overcome the challenges imposed by harsh environments, difficult targets, and a rapidly shrinking spectrum. In particular this construct is devised to bring to bear all available resources on transmit and receive as well as exploit situational awareness of the operational environment to maximize system performance. The multidisciplinary nature of the field is highlighted and salient advances are presented to motivate the interested reader to delve deeper.
Growth of Thin, Anisotropic, π-Conjugated Molecular Films by Stepwise “Click” Assembly of Molecular Building Blocks: Characterizing Reaction Yield, Surface Coverage, and Film Thickness versus Addition Step Number

We report the systematic characterization of anisotropic, π-conjugated oligophenyleneimine (OPI) films synthesized using stepwise imine condensation, or “click” chemistry. Film synthesis began with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of 4-formylthiophenol or 4-aminothiophenol on Au, followed by repetitive, alternate addition of terephthalaldehyde (benzene-1,4-dicarbaldehyde) or 1,4-benzenediamine to form π-conjugated films ranging from 0.6–5.5 nm in thickness. By systematically capping the OPI films with a redox or halogen label, we were able to measure the relative surface coverage after each monomer addition via Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. Nuclear reaction analysis was also employed for the first time on a SAM to calculate the surface coverage of carbon atoms after each stepwise addition. These six different analysis methods indicate that the average extent of react...
Renormalization of the 4He λ-Transition in 3He–4He Mixtures

The specific heat at constant pressure at the λ-transition of pure 4He is very nearly logarithmically divergent.1 In the presence of a constant 3He concentration this specific heat is renormalized in such a way that it tends to reach a finite value with an infinite slope.2,3 The effect of an impurity on the critical point behavior of a pure substance has been discussed by Fisher4 and Fisher and Scesney.5 It is pointed out by Fisher that along with the renormalization of C px , the specific heat at constant pressure, and 3He concentration, one expects that C po , where o = μ 3 − μ 4, the difference in the molar chemical potential of the two isotopes, will behave as C p for pure 4He. We have analyzed our data to obtain a more quantitative description for the behavior of C px and C po .
MILKING THE MOST FROM YOUR PROMOTIONAL DOLLARS: AN ANALYSIS OF AGRIBUSINESS FIRMS SERVING U.S.AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS

Although the marketing mix has been covered in great detail in many veins of literature, very little information exists regarding the mix of marketing tools within the agriculture industry serving U.S. agricultural producers. Using a survey conducted by AgriMarketing magazine in June 2006, a two-fold analysis is undertaken. This study attempts to determine the differences in the use of marketing tools by industry and simple regression analysis is conducted to determine promotional factors that produce a significant impact on sales. Both mass media and other promotional tools were found to be the most consistently significant factor impacting sales of firms in the study.
Mitosis: Chromosomal Rearrangements

Chromosomal rearrangements occur during mitosis as a result of chromosomal breakage and rejoining. Such chromosomal rearrangement occurs more frequently in cancer cells than during embryogenesis or postnatally, usually as a result of environmental exposures and/or mutations resulting in DNA repair defects. Keywords: chromosomal instability; breakage–fusion–bridge cycle; gene amplification; chromosomal rearrangement; cancer
Women's Legal History: A Global Perspective - Symposium Introduction: Making History

This essay introduces the Chicago-Kent Symposium on Women's Legal History: A Global Perspective. It seeks to situate the field of women's legal history and to explore what it means to begin writing a transnational women's history which transcends and at times disrupts the nation state. In doing so, it sets forth some of the fundamental premises of women's legal history and points to new ways of writing such histories.
Soil Degradation: Will Humankind Ever Learn?

Soil degradation is a global problem caused by many factors including excessive tillage, inappropriate crop rotations, excessive grazing or crop residue removal, deforestation, mining, construction and urban sprawl. To meet the needs of an expanding global population, it is essential for humankind to recognize and understand that improving soil health by adopting sustainable agricultural and land management practices is the best solution for mitigating and reversing current soil degradation trends. This research editorial is intended to provide an overview for this Special Issue of Sustainability that examines the global problem of soil degradation through reviews and recent research studies addressing soil health in Africa, Australia, China, Europe, India, North and South America, and Russia. Two common factors—soil erosion and depletion of soil organic matter (SOM)—emerge as consistent indicators of how “the thin layer covering the planet that stands between us and starvation” is being degraded. Soil degradation is not a new problem but failing to acknowledge, mitigate, and remediate the multiple factors leading to it is no longer a viable option for humankind. We optimistically conclude that the most promising strategies to mitigate soil degradation are to select appropriate land uses and improve soil management practices so that SOM is increased, soil biology is enhanced, and all forms of erosion are reduced. Collectively, these actions will enable humankind to “take care of the soil so it can take care of us”.
Job Embeddedness: The Differences Between Registered Nurses and Healthcare Assistants:

Retention of registered nurses (RNs) and health care assistants continue to be a challenge in acute care settings. This descriptive, comparative study examined differences of job embeddedness (JE) scores between RNs and health care assistants (HCAs) in acute care facilities. Generational differences for JE scores were also compared. A convenience sample of RNs and HCAs from medical and surgical units at two Texas hospitals completed the surveys. RNs valued community sacrifices significantly higher than HCAs. Total JE scores between baby boomers and millennials were significantly different, while organizational links scores among all three generations showed statistical significantly differences. Organizational fit, organizational sacrifice, and level of education added statistical significance to the prediction of job satisfaction.