cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport from convective overshooting of the extratropical tropopause and the role of large‐scale lower stratosphere stability

Simulations of observed convective systems with the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW-WRF) model are used to test the influence of the large-scale lower stratosphere stability environment on the vertical extent of convective overshooting and transport above the extratropical tropopause. Three unique environments are identified (double tropopause, stratospheric intrusion, and single tropopause), and representative cases with comparable magnitudes of convective available potential energy are selected for simulation. Convective injection into the extratropical lower stratosphere is found to be deepest for the double-tropopause case (up to 4 km above the lapse-rate tropopause) and at comparable altitudes for the remaining cases (up to 2 km above the lapse-rate tropopause). All simulations show evidence of gravity wave breaking near the overshooting convective top, consistent with the identification of its role as a transport mechanism in previous studies. Simulations for the double-tropopause case, however, also show evidence of direct mixing of the overshooting top into the lower stratosphere, which is responsible for the highest levels of injection in that case. In addition, the choice of bulk microphysical parameterization for ARW-WRF simulations is found to have little impact on the transport characteristics for each case.
Statistics of Alaskan clouds from the Infrared Cloud Imager (ICI)

The Infrared Cloud Imager (ICI) is a ground-based infrared thermal imaging system used to identify and classify clouds based on the downwelling atmospheric radiance in the 8-14 μm wavelength region. Data obtained during a deployment in Barrow, Alaska during February - May 2002 has been combined with radiosonde and microwave radiometer data to calculate spatial cloud statistics for the months of March and April 2002. The results show a general trend of increasing cloudiness during this period, and a short transition time between clear and cloudy skies. A comparison of cloud statistics computed from the full ICI images with statistics computed from a single ICI pixel suggest that a point sensor would underestimate cloudiness during this data period.
A novel layer-by-layer assembled multi-enzyme/CNT biosensor for discriminative detection between organophosphorus and non-organophosphrus pesticides

Organophosphate compounds are heavily used in agriculture and military activities, while non-organophosphate pesticides are mostly used in agriculture and home defense. Discriminative detection of such toxic compounds is very challenging and requires sophisticated and bulky instrumentation. Meanwhile, multi-enzyme biosensors may offer an effective solution to the problem and may become a versatile analytical tool for discriminative detection of different neurotoxins. In this study, we report for the first time a novel bi-enzyme biosensing system incorporating electrostatically interacted enzyme-armored MWCNT-OPH and MWCNT-AChE along with a set of cushioning bilayers consisting of MWCNT-polyethyleneimine and MWCNT-DNA on glassy carbon electrode for discriminative detection of organophosphorus (OP) and non-organophosphorus (non-OP) pesticides. LbL interfaces were characterized by surface plasmon resonance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, demonstrating stepwise assembly and electron conductivity studies. The detection limit was found to be ~0.5 for OP pesticide paraoxon and 1 μM for non-OP pesticide carbaryl, in a wide linear range. The biosensor performance was also validated using apple samples. Remarkable discriminative and straightforward detection between OP and non-OP neurotoxins was successfully achieved with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV-vis methods on the MWCNT-(PEI/DNA)2/OPH/AChE biosensor, showing great potential in large screening of OP and non-OP pesticides in practical applications.
Sustained Improvement With Iloprost in a COPD Patient With Severe Pulmonary Hypertension

Pulmonary hypertension is an important complication of COPD. A small subset of patients with COPD have severe pulmonary hypertension (PH) that is out of proportion to the mild increase in pulmonary arterial pressure observed commonly. Severe PH associated with COPD is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Treatment options in this group of patients are limited with no conclusive evidence of benefit when drugs approved for treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension are used. We describe a patient with severe PH associated with COPD who improved clinically and hemodynamically when treated with inhaled iloprost. The improvement was sustained for 2 years. Severe PH in patients with COPD needs to be recognized and novel treatment approaches considered.
Patch clamp studies of single cell-fusion events mediated by a viral fusion protein

To enter cells, viruses must fuse their envelope with a host cell membrane. Fusion is mediated by specific, membrane-spanning fusion proteins, of which the influenza virus haemagglutinins (HA) are the best characterized. Several HAs have been sequenced, and the crystal structure of the major part of one HA is known. The conditions for fusion and some of the rearrangements in the HA that accompany fusion are well understood, but it remains unclear how HA causes bilayers to fuse. We have observed, in real time, unitary cell-fusion events caused by HA. Fibroblasts expressing HA were induced to fuse with red blood cells by a rapid drop in pH. Fusion was monitored by fluorescence microscopy, and by measuring the membrane conductance and capacitance of the fibroblast. The earliest event observed was the sudden opening of an aqueous pore connecting the cytoplasms of the fusing cells. Initially, the pore conductance often fluctuated between zero and approximately 600 pS, as if the pore were opening and closing repeatedly. Later, it increased over tens of seconds, as if the pore dilated. We suggest that, as in exocytosis, HA-mediated membrane fusion begins with the formation of a narrow pore. Based on the conductance, we estimate the initial diameter of the pore to be no more than twice that of a gap junction channel.
How Risky Is Individual Health Insurance

This paper describes the relationship between type of insurance coverage in one period and the likelihood of becoming uninsured in the next. We find that for people at the median health status, becoming uninsured is most likely for those with individual insurance, less likely for those with small-group insurance, and least likely for those with large-group insurance. However, for people in poor or fair health, the chances of losing coverage are much greater for people who had small-group insurance than for those who had individual insurance. We attribute these results to the offsetting effects of high loadings and guaranteed renewability in the individual market.
Active semiconductor microdisk devices

The design of active semiconductor microdisk switches, modulators, or wavelength routers enabled by modulating the transfer characteristics of a resonant cavity is investigated. A simple theoretical model based on coupled-mode theory is used to elucidate design trends and constraints in the cases where electroabsorption, gain, and free carrier injection are employed to modulate the resonator characteristic.
Exercise-related bundle branch block in children.

Maximal treadmill exercise testing was performed using the modified Bruce protocol1 by 2,761 children and young adults, including 264 normal children, over a lo-year period (from July 1974 to August 1984). Electrocardiographic leads II, aVF and Vg were continuously monitored throughout exercise with recording of a l-lead electrocardiogram during each stage of exercise. Criteria for development of BBB were an abrupt QRS prolongation (longer than 0.12second) during exercise and a narrow QRS at rest. BBB developed during exercise testing in 2 girls and in 4 boys, aged 9 to 18 years (mean 11). None had a normal heart: 5 had congenital heart disease (valvular aortic stenosis (AS) in 1 patient, subvalvular AS in 2 patients, postoperative repair of primum atria1 septal defect in 1, and postoperative repair of tetralogy of Fallot in 1) and 1 had cardiomyopathy (Table I). ST-segment depression (greater than 2 mm; flat or downgoing at 0.08 second) was found in 3 of the patients with exercise-induced BBB. A right BBB pattern was found in 4 patients and left BBB pattern in 2 (1 with cardiomyopathy and 1, with subaortic’stenosis). Heart rate at onset ranged from 100 to 195 beatslmin (mean 136). Rate at return to normal conduction ranged from 72 to 160 beatslmin (mean
An integrated psychobiological predictive model of emergent psychopathology among young relatives at risk for schizophrenia.

Objective Studies of young relatives at elevated risk for schizophrenia have pointed to the importance of a variety of neurobiological, cognitive, and clinical risk factors for the disorder; yet few have employed integrated models to estimate the joint contribution of these factors to heightened schizophrenic risk. We tested the predictive power of an integrated psychobiological model of schizophrenia risk to subsequent psychopathology development among young relatives at risk for the disorder.
Improved designs for dose escalation studies using pharmacokinetic measurements

We describe a method for incorporating pharmacokinetic (PK) data into dose escalation clinical trial designs. Doing so can improve the efficiency and accuracy of these studies. The method proposed uses a parametric dose response function that models the probability of response in each person with two effects: the dose of drug administered and an ancillary pharmacokinetic measurements. After treatment and observation of each subject (or group of subjects) for response, one calculates the dose to be administered to the next individual (or group) to yield the target probability of response from the current best estimate of the dose-response curve. This procedure is a variant of the continual reassessment method (CRM). Statistical simulations employing a logistic dose-response model (that is, we model the logit of the response probability as a linear combination of predictors), dose of drug, and the area under the time-concentration curve (AUC) demonstrate that the addition of pharmacokinetic information to the CRM is a practical and useful way to improve both dose-response modelling and the design of dose escalation studies.
Designing public communication about doulas: analyzing presence and absence in promoting a volunteer doula program

Expectant parents use health communication messaging to make decisions about their childbirth plans. Recently, women have increasingly chosen to use doulas, or people who provide non-medical support during childbirth. This essay analyzes how a hospital designed public communication through promotional efforts regarding their no-cost, volunteer doula program. We use rhetorical analysis to analyze 19 promotional texts. By analyzing these materials through the rhetorical method of presence and absence, we found that the health discourse related to the doula program gave presence to expectant mothers. Additionally, the benefits of doulas, especially in relation to fathers or partners, remained absent in promoting the volunteer doula program. Through specific communication design recommendations, we focus on how to improve this communication to increase the use of doulas in our community, and in other communities. We conclude with implications and limitations of the study.
Otolith function: basis for modern testing

The major challenge in developing a robust test of otolith function, particularly with regard to linear vestibulo-ocular reflex (LVOR) and perceptual measures, is to find a way in which graded lesions are reflected in graded response properties and abnormalities. The ability of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) to compensate and adapt to dysfunction and pathology presents formidable challenges for registering localizing clinical findings, whether in the angular vestibulo-ocular reflex (AVOR), the LVOR, or both. Based on a variety of considerations, various forms of eccentric rotation seem to provide the most convenient, and potentially the most useful, means to generate motion profiles from which otolith function can be directly assessed. Both translational and tilt responses can be recorded depending on the stimulus profile. The near-centric version is particularly enticing because of the ability to study one labyrinth at a time, much like calorics. In that case and in others in which the tilt-LVOR is prominent, measures of the perceived visual vertical are useful and by all accounts similar to ocular torsion. The latter does hold the important advantage of being an objective measure, requiring no intervention on the part of the patient. The translational-LVOR can be derived from eccentric rotation responses with the head displaced forward as well as backward, while viewing near targets in hopes of generating a large addition or subtraction (even inversion) of an otherwise AVOR-driven reflex. These considerations provide an impetus to pursue improved methods of quantifying otolith function in a clinical population. The sobering caveat is that the diagnosis of total unilateral vestibular loss presents little challenge either clinically or by classic testing (e.g., calorics), and yet most of our efforts in developing quantifiable measures of dysfunction over the years have yielded results that are modest and hardly compelling.
Global pose estimation using non-tree models

We propose a novel global pose estimation method to detect body parts of articulated objects in images based on non-tree graph models. There are two kinds of edges defined in the body part relation graph: Strong (tree) edges corresponding to the body plan that can enforce any type of constraint, and weak (non-tree) edges that express exclusion constraints arising from inter-part occlusion and symmetry conditions. We express optimal part localization as a multiple shortest path problem in a set of correlated trellises constructed from the graph model. Strong model edges generate the trellises, while weak model edges prohibit implausible poses by generating exclusion constraints among trellis nodes and edges. The optimization may be expressed as an integer linear program and solved using a novel two-stage relaxation scheme. Experiments show that the proposed method has a high chance of obtaining the globally optimal pose at low computational cost.
Mad for Foucault A Conversation

This two-part article summarizes the major arguments of Lynne Huffer’s 2010 book, Mad for Foucault: Rethinking the Foundations of Queer Theory. The second part of the piece is a dialogue between Hu...
Work in Progress: Improving Problem Solving Performance in Statics through Body-Centric Talk

Solving of multi-faceted, complex problems demands students to be self-guided in drawing upon conceptual knowledge. Here we summarize an initial study of the effectiveness of inducing talk about bodies and their relations to forces; the conceptual structure of Statics suggests the potential benefit of this approach. Protocols (written and spoken) are obtained for students solving problems both before and after instruction. Instruction consists of responding to questions about bodies and forces followed by an expert response. Solutions and protocols are graded and coded, respectively. Based on limit data, body-centered talk appears to increase solution accuracy.
Identification of sesquiterpene synthases from Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 and Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120.

ABSTRACT Cyanobacteria are a rich source of natural products and are known to produce terpenoids. These bacteria are the major source of the musty-smelling terpenes geosmin and 2-methylisoborneol, which are found in many natural water supplies; however, no terpene synthases have been characterized from these organisms to date. Here, we describe the characterization of three sesquiterpene synthases identified in Nostoc sp. strain PCC 7120 (terpene synthase NS1) and Nostoc punctiforme PCC 73102 (terpene synthases NP1 and NP2). The second terpene synthase in N. punctiforme (NP2) is homologous to fusion-type sesquiterpene synthases from Streptomyces spp. shown to produce geosmin via an intermediate germacradienol. The enzymes were functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and their terpene products were structurally identified as germacrene A (from NS1), the eudesmadiene 8a-epi-α-selinene (from NP1), and germacradienol (from NP2). The product of NP1, 8a-epi-α-selinene, so far has been isolated only from termites, in which it functions as a defense compound. Terpene synthases NP1 and NS1 are part of an apparent minicluster that includes a P450 and a putative hybrid two-component protein located downstream of the terpene synthases. Coexpression of P450 genes with their adjacent located terpene synthase genes in E. coli demonstrates that the P450 from Nostoc sp. can be functionally expressed in E. coli when coexpressed with a ferredoxin gene and a ferredoxin reductase gene from Nostoc and that the enzyme oxygenates the NS1 terpene product germacrene A. This represents to the best of our knowledge the first example of functional expression of a cyanobacterial P450 in E. coli.
Trends in Incidence of Primary Malignant Brain Tumors in USA, 1981–1990

Background. There has been considerable controversy regarding whether a recent observed rise in brain tumor incidence is real and so suggestive of increasing exposure to environmental carcinogens, or whether it is largely explainable by changes in diagnostic technology, particularly the introduction of computerized axial tomography (CT) scans in the 1970s. We analysed data from the US Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program to investigate whether there was a rise of brain tumor incidence during 1981-1990, the period after CT scans became extensively available, and if so, the rates of which specific histologic subtypes have risen. Methods. Age- and sex-specific, as well as age-adjusted incidence rates were calculated for each brain tumor histologic subtype. Regression analysis was used to estimate age-adjusted incidence rate ratios (RR) for different periods and to examine time trends. Results. For all histologic subtypes, the incidence rates increased with age. Regarding time trends, lymphomas in men increased in all age groups during the study period with the age-adjusted rate ratio reaching 5.6 (95% Cl : 3.7-8.3) for 1989-1990 as compared to 1981-1982. Lymphoma in women and glioblastoma multiforme in both sexes also appear to have increased, particularly in the elderly. Other histologies did not show any time trends in the age-specific or age-adjusted analyses. Conclusion. Our histology-specific analysis is not suggestive of any significant increase in the incidence of brain tumors during 1980-1990, except for lymphomas in men.
Comparative study of RSS-based collaborative localization methods in sensor networks

Reliable localization is an essential building block of sensor networks. Many techniques have taken advantage of the received signal strength (RSS) measurement for location estimation in wireless sensor networks, since no special hardware implementation is required to measure RSS in almost all kinds of wireless systems. In this paper, two such techniques, MDS method and MLE that are recently proposed for collaborative location estimation, are studied in detail. From the theoretical formulation of the RSS-based location estimation problem, it is seen that MLE is more appropriate than MDS method. However, from simulation studies of both algorithms, which are iterative in nature, it is found that MLE is more sensitive to initial estimate than MDS method. Therefore, in this paper we propose to integrate these two techniques in series so that an estimate is first obtained using MDS method by taking advantage of its better convergence property, then MLE is employed to fine-tune the solution of MDS method to remove modeling errors that are inherent in MDS method. Through extensive simulations it is demonstrated that the new integrated method, named MDS-MLE, consistently outperforms both MDS method and MLE in various simulation scenarios. In this paper, we also address many important issues in collaborative localization, including effects of sensor node density, reference node density, and different deployment strategies of reference nodes.
Laser beam pointing and stabilization by intensity feedback control

This paper presents an investigation of the control problem of aiming a laser beam under dynamic disturbances, using light intensity for feedback. The beam is steered with a bi-axial MEMS mirror, which is driven by a control signal generated by processing the beam intensity sensed by a single photodiode. Since the pointing location of the beam is assumed to be not available for real-time control, a static nonlinear mapping from the two-dimensional beam location to the sensor measurement is estimated with the use of the least-squares algorithm, using data from an optical position sensor (OPS). The previous formulation results in a state-space system model with a nonlinear output function. The controller design problem is addressed with the integration of an extended Kalman filter (EKF) and a pair of linear time-invariant (LTI) single-input/single-output (SISO) controllers into one system. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, experimental results of a case relevant to free-space optics for communications and directed energy applications is presented here.
Keeping Public Officials Accountable through Dialogue: Resolving the Accountability Paradox

How can public officials be held accountable, and yet avoid the paradoxes and pathologies of the current mechanisms of accountability? The answer, claims Harmon (1995), is dialogue. But what exactly is dialogue, and how is it created? More importantly, how can dialogue ensure accountability? To address these questions, I begin with a brief description of dialogue and its basic features, distinguishing it from other forms of communication. An example illustrates how dialogue occurs in actual practice. Not only does dialogue demonstrate the intelligent management of contradictory motives and forces, it also supports Harmon’s claim that it can resolve the accountability paradox and avoid the atrophy of personal responsibility and political authority. I suggest that dialogue’s advantage outweighs its cost as a mechanism of accountability under a particular set of conditions: when public officials confront “wicked problems” that defy definition and solution, and when traditional problem-solving methods have failed, thus preventing any one group from imposing its definition of the problem or its solutions on others.
Re-examination of the Born-Mayer potential for ion-core interactions in copper

Abstract Ion-core interactions between nearest neighbors in copper are approximated by a Born-Mayer potential E c − c = α exp ρ[ (r O −r) r O ] . Experimental values of cohesive energy, lattice parameter and compressibility are used to determine the parameters in the Born-Mayer potential. Thus we are using all the volume dependent terms in the interaction energy rather than just the Fermi energy which has been used in earlier calculations. Also we avoid the use of shear constants which were used in earlier calculations since there is a lot of uncertainty in them. Our results for α and ρ are 0.0958 eV and 13.34 respectively. At short distances our potential is in good agreement with the most commonly used potential due to Huntington ( α = 0.053 eV and ρ = 13.9) whereas it is somewhat harder than a potential based on Thomas-Fermi-Dirac approximation. We compare some results on the basis of our potential with the experiment and the agreement is quite good.
A quantitative stethoscope and its clinical applications.

Abstract A simple stethoscope is described. It allows the measurement of the intensity of cardiac sounds and murmurs in decibels above the normal hearing threshold. The size of the instrument does not exceed that of the conventional stethoscope. The acoustic characteristics of the stethoscope and methods of minimizing sources of error during measurement are described. The practical value of the stethoscope lies in the possibility of quantitative measurement of the loudness of the heart murmurs and sounds (especially that of the systolic murmurs and of the first heart sound), which in turn may give aid in the differentiation between functional and organic murmurs and in the early recognition of valvular heart disease. To facilitate this differentiation, further correlations to the conductivity for sound of the thorax, the heart rate, and blood velocity as well as the P-R interval of the electrocardiogram are proposed.
Underlying Determinants of Clothing Quality: The Consumers' Perspective:

The means-end chain model provided the framework to assess how consumers evaluate clothing quality by examining the cognitive structure that exists between the evaluative criteria used to judge qua...
X-ray generation from subpicosecond superintense laser−atom interaction

We review results from an experimental investigation to examine the characteristics of x-ray generation from subpicosecond UV laser irradiation of collisionless gas targets under conditions such that the optical field strength is larger than an atomic unit. The purpose of the experiment was to test the conjecture that multiphoton-induced inner-shell excitation occurs at large laser irradiance. We found no evidence to support the validity of the conjecture at I ∼ 3 × 1017 W/cm2. We did, however, detect delayed x rays, which were generated for unexpectedly long times following laser irradiation of the target. We present numerical simulations describing the processes that give rise to this signal.
Note on Reliability of the Life Events Checklist

The Life Events Checklist is a recently published measure of child and adolescent life stress (1) listing 46 life events to which subjects respond by indicating events experienced within the past year, rating these events as positive or negative, and rating the impact of these events along a four-point scale (no effect to great effect). By summing the impact ratings of events rated as positive and negative it is possible to derive positive and negative life change scores, respectively. While validity indicated by correlations between these scores and measures of health and adjustment has been provided ( 1 ) , reliability has not been adequately assessed. The present report provides such data. A total of 50 subjects (23 male, 27 female), ranging in age from 10 to 17 yr. (M = 13), drawn from the university laboratory school, were given the checklist and subsequently retested after two weeks. Positive and negative life-change scores were obtained by summing the impact ratings of events judged as desirable and undesirable (Impact rating procedure) and also by simply summing the numbers of positive and negative events experienced, giving each event a weight of one (Unit rating procedure). Here the Impact rating procedure was employed only with children aged 13 to 17 yr. (n = 27). Pearson product-moment correlations assessed the relationships between scores obtained at the first and second testings. Using the simple Unit rating procedure (sum of + events; sum of - events) the test-retest correlations for positive and negative life-change scores were .69 (9 < ,001) and .72 (p < .001), respectively. Normative dam were obtained from each time of
New Concepts—New Systems

The extraordinary difficulties that we and others have encountered in obtaining unambiguous evidence for the long postulated σ-participation in exo-norbornyl derivatives with accompanying charge delocalization from the 2- to the 1- and 6-positions1 have been reviewed in this book. These difficulties have led to new proposals for an alternative stereoelectronic effect to favor the ionization of the exo isomer, but without the σ-bridge of the original proposal. These new proposals will now be considered. In addition, new systems have been advanced as providing less ambiguous examples for σ-bridging. Some of these will be briefly considered here.
Magic wavelength for the hydrogen 1 S − 2 S transition

The magic wavelength for an optical lattice for hydrogen atoms that cancels the lowest order ac Stark shift of the $1S\text{\ensuremath{-}}2S$ transition is calculated to be 513 nm. The magnitudes of the ac Stark shift $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}E=\ensuremath{-}119$ $\text{Hz}/(\text{kW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$ and the slope $d\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}E/d\ensuremath{\nu}=\ensuremath{-}2.77$ $\text{Hz}/(\text{GHz} \text{kW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$ at the magic wavelength suggest that a stable and narrow-line-width trapping laser is necessary to achieve a deep enough optical lattice to confine hydrogen atoms in a way that gives a small enough light shift for the precision spectroscopy of the $1S\text{\ensuremath{-}}2S$ transition.
Factors Affecting Fan Attendance: The Influence of Identity Salience and Satisfaction

The study combines disparate streams of research in order to develop a model of devoted fan behavior. The theoretical foundations for this study are based on literature examining social identity th...
Molecular design: Mathematical models and computer enumerations of polymers with loops

The mathematical formalisms of two related polymeric models, trails and silhouettes are presented. Trails are walks on regular crystal lattices. They are allowed to intersect their own path, but are forbidden to go more than once along the same bond. Silhouettes are just the shadows of trails. By incorporating a fugacity factor e^@q (@q = -|@e|k"BT, |@e| is the energy of intersection) with each intersection, the thermodynamical properties of these models may be controlled. As such, the models may describe the behaviors of polymers with loops in various solvent conditions. The persistence lengths (defined as the vestiges induced by fixing the direction of the first bond) are systematically studied on two-dimensional square and triangular lattices, and on three-dimensional cubic and face-centered cubic lattices. They are found to scale like ~ l^p^k^@n^(^@q^)@?(l) where p is a parameter, k = 0, 1, 2,..., @n(@q) is the correlation exponent, and f(l) is some function of the chain length l. As the temperature is decreased from @q = -~ to large positive values, the persistence lengths undergo a rapid change in a narrow region of @q. This rapid change is identified with the transition from a swollen phase to a collapse phase of the polymeric configuration. The transition temperature can be located by a derivation of the averaged persistence length with respect to the temperature.
Comparison of Systemic and Uterine Effects of Relaxin and Insulin in Alloxan-Treated, Hyperglycemic Rats:

AbstractThe effects of porcine relaxin and insulin on blood glucose and on uterine and diaphragm glycogen were measured after 3 and 24 hr in alloxan-treated, hyperglycemic rats. Insulin caused a decrease in blood glucose and enhanced the glycogen concentration of diaphragm muscle but had no effect upon the uterus. Relaxin, which had no influence on blood glucose levels, increased uterine weight and uterine glycogen content; diaphragm glycogen concentration was depressed at 3 hr after relaxin administration. Neither insulin nor relaxin altered the action of the other hormone when given concurrently. Despite the structural similarities between insulin and relaxin, the two hormones exhibit distinctly different actions which were not found to overlap.
Two New Species of Leuctra, with Notes on the ferruginea Group (Plecoptera: Leuctridae)

Leuctra crossi and L. rickeri are described from Alabama and Kentucky, respectively, and the diagnostic characters figured. New figures of L. ferruginea (Walker) are given and the relationship of rickeri to other species in the ferruginea group is briefly discussed.
Organophosphorus Multiresistance in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in California

A broad spectrum of resistance to organophosphorus insecticides has evolved in Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus (= fatigans) Say in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Resistance levels determined on F1 larvae following control failures by chlorpyrifos, involve Abate® ( O, O′ -(thiodi- p -phenylene) O, O, O′O′ -tetramethyl phosphorothioate) at a level of 116.7 times the normal LC50, chlorpyrifos 52.2×, fenthion 48.9×, methyl parathion 24×, malathion 16.4×, and parathion 12.9×. Such multiresistance had appeareel earlier in 2 other major species, Aedes nigromaculis (Ludlow) and Culex tarsalis Coquillett, and is related to the multitude of chemicals employed in mosquito control and agriculture. Resistance in larvae is almost entirely overcome by the synergist DEF ( S, S, S -tributyl phosphorotrithioate) but is unaffected by piperonyl butoxide. Thus, hydrolytic esterases and not mixed function oxidases are implicated as primary resistance mechanisms. Certain synthetic pyrethroids, derivatized carbamates, insect growth regulators, and a biodegradable DDT analogue have demonstrated high activity against the resistant population.
A line of zebrafish with development of abnormal spinal curvatures

Methods Potential founder fish with spinal curvatures were outcrossed with a wild type zebrafish line (AB) and the resulting siblings (F1 generation) crossed and the offspring (F2 generation) examined for signs of spinal curvature beginning at 14 days post fertilization (dpf). Spinal curvatures of the affected fish were visualized using either a Faxitron or by Alizarian red staining of the skeletons and the curvature measured from the resulting images in the thoracic, thoracolumbar, or lumbar regions. Affected and normal zebrafish were fixed, embedded, section and stained with hemotoxylin and eosin.
Headless history: Nineteenth-century French historiography of the revolution: Linda Orr (Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 1990), xiii + 185 pp., $28.95

(1992). Headless history: Nineteenth-century French historiography of the revolution. History of European Ideas: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 306-307.
Population, Resources, and the Faith-Based Economy: the Situation in 2016

Today’s population–resource–environment situation is summarized in comparison with that pertaining in 1968 when The Population Bomb was published. The human predicament is now much more serious, since the human population has more than doubled in size since 1968, key resources are much more depleted, and environmental deterioration is substantially more advanced. It is concluded that a change of society as profound and far-reaching as the agricultural revolution may provide a slim hope of avoiding a collapse of civilization, a change so profound as to cause the disappearance of most of the features of the industrial age and the myths that sustain it.
Adorno's Negative Dialectics

The concept of negative dialectics constitutes the philosophical core of Adorno's wide-ranging thought. It reflects his attempt both to consider the status of dialectics in the face of a history that has failed to actualize its prognostications and to rework dialectics to make it adequate to his own time. Among the themes considered are Adorno's critique of conceptuality in the German idealist tradition, his critique of enlightenment reason and its relationship to capitalist society, his qualified rejection of universal history, his concern with revitalizing experience, and his concept of the constellation, which he offers as an alternative to existing epistemological paradigms.
An analysis of fatal and non‐fatal injuries and injury severity factors among electric power industry workers

BACKGROUND: The electric power industry represents a unique subset of the U.S. workforce. We aimed to evaluate the relationships between occupational category, nature of injury, and injury severity among electric power industry workers. METHODS: The Occupational Health and Safety Database (1995-2013) was used to calculate injury rates, assess patterns of injury severity, and identify at-risk occupations in this population. RESULTS: Over the surveillance period, a total of 63,193 injuries were reported. Overall, and severe injury rates were 3.20 and 0.52 per 100 employee-years, respectively. The fatal injury rate was 3.29 per 100,000 employee-years. Line workers experienced the highest risk for fatal injuries and second highest for non-fatal severe injuries, following meter readers. The most severe non-fatal injuries were hernia and rupture; multiple injuries; and CTD/RSI. Fatal injuries were most commonly associated with vehicle collisions and contact with electric current. CONCLUSIONS: Industry specific surveillance and interventions tailored to high-risk occupations are needed to further reduce severe injuries in this population. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Language: en
Tool-specific performance of vibration-reducing gloves for attenuating fingers-transmitted vibration.

BACKGROUND: Fingers-transmitted vibration can cause vibration-induced white finger. The effectiveness of vibrationreducing (VR) gloves for reducing hand transmitted vibration to the fingers has not been sufficiently examined. OBJECTIVE:The objective of this study is to examine tool-specific performance of VR gloves for reducing finger-transmitted vibrations in three orthogonal directions (3D) from powered hand tools. METHODS: A transfer function method was used to estimate the tool-specific effectiveness of four typical VR gloves. The transfer functions of the VR glove fingers in three directions were either measured in this study or during a previous study using a 3D laser vibrometer. More than seventy vibration spectra of various tools or machines were used in the estimations. RESULTS: When assessed based on frequency-weighted acceleration, the gloves provided little vibration reduction. In some cases, the gloves amplified the vibration by more than 10%, especially the neoprene glove. However, the neoprene glove did the best when the assessment was based on unweighted acceleration. The neoprene glove was able to reduce the vibration by 10% or more of the unweighted vibration for 27 out of the 79 tools. If the dominant vibration of a tool handle or workpiece was in the shear direction relative to the fingers, as observed in the operation of needle scalers, hammer chisels, and bucking bars, the gloves did not reduce the vibration but increased it. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the effectiveness for reducing vibration varied with the gloves and the vibration reduction of each glove depended on tool, vibration direction to the fingers, and finger location. VR gloves, including certified anti-vibration gloves do not provide much vibration reduction when judged based on frequency-weighted acceleration. However, some of the VR gloves can provide more than 10% reduction of the unweighted vibration for some tools or workpieces. Tools and gloves can be matched for better effectiveness for protecting the fingers.
Experimental Modal Substructuring with Nonlinear Modal Iwan Models to Capture Nonlinear Subcomponent Damping

This work proposes a means whereby weak nonlinearity in a substructure, as typically arises due to friction in bolted interfaces, can be captured experimentally on a mode-by-mode basis and then used to predict the nonlinear response of an assembly. The method relies on the fact that the modes of a weakly nonlinear structure tend to remain uncoupled so long as their natural frequencies are distinct and higher harmonics generated by the nonlinearity do not produce significant response in other modes. Recent experiments on industrial hardware with bolted joints has shown that this type of model can be quite effective, and that a single degree-of-freedom (DOF) system with an Iwan joint, which is known as a modal Iwan model, effectively captures the way in which the stiffness and damping depend on amplitude. Once the modal Iwan models have been identified for each mode of the subcomponent(s) of interest, they can be assembled using standard techniques and used with a numerical integration routine to compute the nonlinear transient response of the assembled structure. The proposed methods are demonstrated by coupling a modal model of a 3DOF system with three discrete Iwan joints to a linear model for a 2DOF system.
Australian Keynesianism in the 1950s and 1960s

Some perspective on the way in which Keynesianism was shaped in Australia and the way in which this process may have changed over time is pertinent to the overall argument for at least two reasons. First, there is a need to keep in mind the various types of Keynesianism made possible, if only to demonstrate the enormous political dimension to a Keynesianism which was disposed towards challenging the structures of capitalist society. A radical form of Keynesianism put to this end, for example, might be termed ‘Keynesian—Kaleckian social democracy’, as it was the work of Kalecki that highlighted the political implications of a full employment society. It is the view of post-Keynesian analysis, together with some other intellectual traditions of political economy, that it is precisely the lack of full appreciation of the political implications of Keynesian—Kaleckian social democracy which is responsible for the eventual demise of a watered-down Keynesianism in the 1970s. To put it another way, it is precisely the ad hoc nature of Keynesian policy in the post-war boom which goes a long way to explain why it fell out of favour. It will be argued here that this view is helpful as far as it goes but it does not, of itself, explain why, when the collapse of the Keynesian consensus came in the mid-1970s, the shift came in the forms it did, and not in some other variation.
Fetal erythropoiesis in juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia

Red cell enzymes, 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), were evaluated in a 23-mo-old boy with juvenile chronic myelocytic leukemia (JCML) at the onset of his illness and 6 mo later during the accelerated phase. The activities of the age-dependent red cell enzymes, hexokinase, aldolase, pyruvate kinase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were elevated, as were the concentrations of red cell 2,3-DPG and ATP, consistent with a young red cell population metabolizing at an increased glycolytic rate. The activities of the non-age-dependent enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PD), phosphoglycerate kinase, and enolase, were also increased to levels similar to or greater than those observed in term infants. As the illness progressed, the activity of red cell G3PD increased further, and phosphoglucose isomerase activity increased markedly. These results are consistent with the prior suggestion that JCML represents a reversion to "fetal" erythropoiesis.
Biologically inspired vision based control using featureless time-to-contact estimations

Time-to-contact, a biologically inspired concept, is defined as the time for a moving observer to contact an object or surface if the current velocity is maintained. Since it can be directly estimated from image sequences using a vision sensor, time-to-contact is widely applied for various robotic applications such as docking, chasing, landing, and navigation. Nevertheless, existing estimation methods, such as the size based method and optical flow divergence method, require the time-consuming feature extraction and tracking. In this paper, we adopt a featureless method that can directly estimate time-to-contact using only the image intensity information. Moreover, we propose an error based proportional control algorithm based on the estimated time-to-contact. Such a controller is implemented on a mobile robot platform to achieve real-time docking. We have also proposed a new time-to-contact estimation algorithm considering the robot's angular velocities and verified the result using image sequences. The estimation and control method presented in this paper has the potential to be applied to miniature robots to accomplish agile locomotion with limited computation power or limited sensing modalities.
“We Are Responsible to All for All”: An Intersubjective Analysis of Breaking Bad

In describing the “larger lesson” of Breaking Bad, series creator Vince Gilligan appeals to “karma”: every action has a consequence, and each consequence is bound up with a dynamic nexus of other conditions and subsequent causes. Hence, the Buddhist philosophical notion of “dependent arising”: all things depend upon, and are the product of, a previous set of conditions. In this chapter I argue that this ontological claim depends on a more fundamental claim about the nature of reality, one that is a feature of thinking in both Eastern and Western philosophical traditions, and that is intersubjectivity. Drawing from the phenomenological insights of Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Levinas, I provide an intersubjective analysis of the action of Season Two, and why it is, in Dostoyevsky’s words, that “we are responsible to all for all.”
Assessing school climate within a PBIS framework: using multi-informant assessment to identify strengths and needs

A multi-method, multi-informant method was used to collect data from diverse stakeholders about school climate to inform school improvement efforts as part of the Positive Behaviour Intervention Su...
Just War Reconsidered: Strategy, Ethics and Theory, by James M. Dubik

Although the title might suggest that Professor Dubik is reconsidering all of just war theory, his focus is on a specific gap within jus in bello. He introduces the term “war-waging” as separate fr...
Randomized Trial to Evaluate Optimal Recumbent Time after Lumbar Puncture (P2.185)

Objective: To assess the incidence of post-dural-puncture headache (PDPH) in relation to the amount of recumbent time after a lumbar puncture. Background: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a common procedure within the field of neurology performed in both inpatient and outpatient settings. One of the most common complications of an LP is a PDPH. It is routine practice to ask patients to remain supine for a period of time (1–24 hours) after the procedure in order to reduce the risk and severity of PDPH. However, there is limited evidence that doing this is effective in preventing PDPH and there is conflicting data regarding the length of the recumbent period. Design/Methods: We randomized patients that underwent elective lumbar punctures in our LP Clinic to either remain recumbent for 30 or 60 minutes after the procedure. Patients were called 3, 7 and 14 days after the LP to assess for development of PDPH. Patients were also asked about activities that may have promoted or hindered the development of PDPH. Results: 107 patients consented. 90 patients were successfully reached during the calling phase: 48 in the 30-minute group, 42 in the 60-minute group. A preliminary review of the results after 100 patients had been consented revealed a significant increase in the incident of spinal headaches in the 30-minute group. The study was therefore terminated. 15 patients in the 30 minute group (31.25%) developed a headache versus 8 patients in the 60 minute group (19.05%). As the study was terminated due to the preliminary results it could not be powered to reach statistical significance. None of the patients in the study required medical attention or a blood patch for their PDPH. Conclusions: Our randomized study revealed a significant reduction in the incidence of post-dural-puncture headache with 60 minutes of recumbent time versus 30 minutes after a lumbar puncture. Disclosure: Dr. Khokhar has received personal compensation for activities with BioHaven Pharmaceuticals as a consultant. Dr. Didiano has nothing to disclose. Dr. MacGrory has nothing to disclose.