cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ACL graft failure location differs between allografts and autografts

Between 5 and 20% of patients undergoing ACL reconstruction fail and require revision. Animal studies have demonstrated slower incorporation of allograft tissue, which may affect the mechanism of graft failure. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of traumatic graft failure following ACL reconstruction and investigate differences in failure patterns between autografts and allografts. The medical records of 34 consecutive patients at our center undergoing revision ACL reconstruction following a documented traumatic re-injury were reviewed. Graft utilized in the primary reconstruction, time from initial reconstruction to re-injury, activity at re-injury, time to revision reconstruction, and location of ACL graft tear were recorded. Median patient age at primary ACL reconstruction was 18.5 years (range, 13–39 years). The primary reconstructions included 20 autografts (13 hamstrings, 6 patellar tendons, 1 iliotibial band), 12 allografts (5 patellar tendon, 5 tibialis anterior tendons, 2 achilles tendons), and 2 unknown. The median time from primary reconstruction to re-injury was 1.2 years (range, 0.4 – 17.6 years). The median time from re-injury to revision reconstruction was 10.4 weeks (range, 1 to 241 weeks). Failure location could be determined in 30 patients. In the autograft group 14 of 19 grafts failed near their femoral attachment, while in the allograft group 2 of 11 grafts failed near their femoral attachment (p < 0.02). When ACL autografts fail traumatically, they frequently fail near their femoral origin, while allograft reconstructions that fail are more likely to fail in other locations or stretch. Level III - Retrospective cohort study
Performance of Chicks Fed Diets Formulated to Minimize Excess Levels of Essential Amino Acids

Abstract Studies were conducted in which levels of essential amino acids in excess of the minimum requirements were minimized in broiler diets composed of commercially available feedstuffs and synthetic amino acid supplements. Growth rate and efficiency of feed utilization of chicks fed such diets were equal to that attained by chicks fed diets formulated by conventional means when grown under conditions where heat stress was not a factor and significantly improved when fed under conditions of heat stress. Improvements were obtained in efficiency of protein and calorie utilization using this technique of formulation.
Retelling Stories in Organizations: Understanding the Functions of Narrative Repetition

Scholars have yet to explore narrative repetition—when a story is recalled and retold from another narrative—for its rich conceptual depth. To build a case for this area, we analyze stories from scholarly research to identify the functions of narrative repetition. We distinguish three dualities produced through repetition, which are grounded in cultural issues of sameness and difference. These dualities—control/resistance, differentiation/integration, and stability/change—bring a more sophisticated understanding of the inherent complexity of narrative as a mode of interpretation and offer a transformative view of narrative that describes how the meaning of stories shifts over time. When people repeat stories, some individuals may interpret a narrative of stability, whereas others may hear a hint of change. Furthermore, we offer narrative repetition as a new methodology for organizational research with the recommendation that scholars use the recurrence of a story as a starting point for inquiry into the c...
Mechanisms Underlying the Rapid Induction and Sustained Expression of Synaptic Homeostasis

Homeostatic signaling systems are thought to interface with the mechanisms of neural plasticity to achieve stable yet flexible neural circuitry. However, the time course, molecular design, and implementation of homeostatic signaling remain poorly defined. Here we demonstrate that a homeostatic increase in presynaptic neurotransmitter release can be induced within minutes following postsynaptic glutamate receptor blockade. The rapid induction of synaptic homeostasis is independent of new protein synthesis and does not require evoked neurotransmission, indicating that a change in the efficacy of spontaneous quantal release events is sufficient to trigger the induction of synaptic homeostasis. Finally, both the rapid induction and the sustained expression of synaptic homeostasis are blocked by mutations that disrupt the pore-forming subunit of the presynaptic Ca(V)2.1 calcium channel encoded by cacophony. These data confirm the presynaptic expression of synaptic homeostasis and implicate presynaptic Ca(V)2.1 in a homeostatic retrograde signaling system.
Editorial: selling your science: where preparation meets genius.

It has been a little over a year since the current Associate Editors and I began our tenure with Molecular Endocrinology, and I am delighted to write that a great deal has happened in that short amount of time. First, Molecular Endocrinology became the first of the Endocrine Society journals to be online-only. The transition went amazingly smoothly and allowed us to add some nice new features. For example, because we no longer need to print our figures on paper, we now offer free color to all submitting authors. As I will point out below, this change has allowed authors to both save money and to brighten up their figures for the readers. In addition, because we no longer have a cover page, we have added a new section to our home page where we present a featured author. This section has proven to be a nice opportunity for trainees and other young investigators to present themselves and their work, using pictures, biographies, research summaries, and videos. Finally, we have added monthly editorials by Associate Editors and other guests that cover a variety of interesting subjects, from obesity research, to tributes to the hard-working Scientific Review Officers at the National Institutes of Health (NIH), to recent policy changes in science and medicine. In contrast to these hard-hitting editorials, however, here I am going to discuss something a little lighter, but still very important: selling your science. We all like to think that our great data will win the day for us in the long run. After all, what could be more important than the science itself? However, although required to be successful, a good idea and nice data are often no longer enough. Whether we like it or not, in 2015, we need to be able to sell our work and, to a large extent, ourselves, to our peers and to the NIH. In order to do so, we therefore need to focus more and more on preparation and presentation. When I meet with trainees in my capacity as an Editorin-Chief, perhaps the most common question asked to me is “what is the most important thing to think about when submitting a manuscript to Molecular Endocrinology?” My response is always the same: although you need to have great data, it is equally important that you present it in an organized and clear fashion. Otherwise, these great data may never make it through the review process, let alone be interesting to the general reader of Molecular Endocrinology. As such, I encourage them to take the extra time to check the grammar and spelling and to make sure that every figure looks beautiful and matches the accompanying figure legend. Although it seems obvious, it is amazing how often manuscripts have figures without legends or vice versa. Why is this attention to detail necessary? The bottom line is that reviewers, editors, and readers are busier than they have ever been before. With ever-increasing funding pressures, we are all constantly writing grants and submitting our own manuscripts, while still running a lab, teaching students and fellows, and keeping up with an
Membrane immersion allows rhomboid proteases to achieve specificity by reading transmembrane segment dynamics

Proteases are enzymes that break the peptide bonds that hold proteins together, and have a central role in many physiological processes, including digestion, blood clotting and programmed cell death. An important characteristic of proteases is that they are highly selective, only cutting proteins that contain well-defined sequences of amino acids in accessible regions. Proteases that are soluble in water have been studied for over a century and are now well understood, as are proteases that need to be tethered to the membrane of a cell to work properly. In 1997 researchers discovered a protease that was immersed in the cell membrane, and it soon became clear that these intramembrane proteases were widespread and involved in a wide range of processes in cells. Examples of intramembrane proteases include γ-secretase, which is implicated in Alzheimer's disease, and various site-2 proteases that regulate pathogenic circuits in bacteria. There are many similarities between soluble and intramembrane proteases. However, given that intramembrane proteases evolved within the hydrophobic environment of the membrane, whereas soluble proteases evolved in an aqueous environment, there should there should also be significant differences between them. The best understood intramembrane proteases in terms of their biochemistry are probably the rhomboid proteases. However, most studies of their function have been performed in detergent systems rather than in real membranes. Moin and Urban now report that the main strategy used by rhomboid proteases to identity the proteins that they selectively cut is completely different from that used by soluble proteases. Through a combination of biochemical and spectroscopic methods, they have discovered that rhomboid proteases identify the proteins they act on mainly by detecting changes in dynamic behavior: only those proteins that lose a stable helical structure when they exit the lipid phase to interact with the rhomboid protease will be cut by the rhomboid protease. Soluble proteases, on the other hand, achieve specificity by looking for proteins with a particular sequence of amino acids. The novel strategy used by rhomboid proteases allows them to patrol the membrane for unstable helices and selectively cut them. This discovery provides the first explanation of why these complicated enzymes evolved to have active sites immersed within the cell membrane.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Herpes B Virus-Encoded Small RNAs

Herpes B virus (BV) naturally infects macaque monkeys and is genetically similar to herpes simplex virus (HSV). Zoonotic infection of humans can cause encephalitis and if untreated has a fatality rate of ∼80%. The frequent use of macaques in biomedical research emphasizes the need to understand the molecular basis of BV pathogenesis with a view toward improving safety for those working with macaques. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate the expression of mRNAs bearing complementary target sequences and are employed by viruses to control viral and host gene expression. Using deep sequencing and validation by expression in transfected cells, we identified 12 novel BV-encoded miRNAs expressed in lytically infected cells and 4 in latently infected trigeminal ganglia (TG). Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR), we found that most of the miRNAs exhibited a high level of abundance throughout infection. Further analyses showed that some miRNAs could be generated from multiple transcripts with different kinetic classes, possibly explaining detection throughout infection. Interestingly, miRNAs were detected at early times in the absence of viral gene expression and were present in purified virions. In TG, despite similar amounts of viral DNA per ganglion, it was notable that the relative amount of each miRNA varied between ganglia. The majority of the miRNAs are encoded by the regions that exhibit the most sequence differences between BV and HSV. Additionally, there is no sequence conservation between BV- and HSV-encoded miRNAs, which may be important for the differences in the human diseases caused by BV and HSV.
Appropriation and Creativity: User-Initiated Contests in Scratch

How do people motivate each other to participate in a peer production environment? This question is addressed through the study of user-initiated contests on the electronically mediated social network that surrounds the programming language Scratch. The users of Scratch, mainly youths, have created their own mechanisms to motivate and recognize creative achievement. Some wish to achieve popularity on the site by having their project posted on the front page so contest creators offer to perform actions that will help participants reach that goal. Other contest creators, though, offer hand-made, personalized gifts such as drawings and animations made to spec. For those who offer both incentives, the ad hoc, personalized rewards are deemed more valuable than the mechanisms provided by the web site. Users are appropriating the technology, establishing their own organizational structures that encourage creativity.
Temperature stability for microstrip delay lines on high permittivity substrates

A constant time delay over temperature for miniaturized microstrip delay lines on high permittivity substrates is of great importance for many applications, particularly for space systems. A simple design formula helpful for the selection of a highly temperature stable substrate is presented. Moreover, a 274 ps delay line on CB substrate with a 0.40% variation in time delay over the temperature range of -52/spl deg/C to +50/spl deg/C has been developed.
Absorbance-modulation optical lithography

We describe a new mode of optical lithography called absorbance-modulation optical lithography (AMOL) in which a thin film of photochromic material is placed on top of a conventional photoresist and illuminated simultaneously by a focal spot of wavelength lambda1 and a ring-shaped illumination of wavelength lambda2. The lambda1 radiation converts the photochromic material from an opaque to a transparent configuration, thereby enabling exposure of the photoresist, while the lambda2 radiation reverses the transformation. As a result of these competing effects, the point-spread function that exposes the resist is strongly compressed, resulting in higher photolithographic resolution and information density. We show by modeling that the point-spread-function compression achieved via AMOL depends only on the absorbance distribution in the photostationary state. In this respect, absorbance modulation represents an optical nonlinearity that depends on the intensity ratio of lambda1 and lambda2 and not on the absolute intensity of either one alone. By inserting material parameters into the model, a lithographic resolution corresponding to lambda1/13 is predicted.
Involved-Field Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose Dose escalation has been shown to improve local control in non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive radiation therapy, but with increased complications. We implemented the use of involved-field radiotherapy (IFRT) in an effort to reduce toxicity while treating the gross tumor to higher doses. This analysis reports failure rates in uninvolved nodal regions with the use of IFRT. Patients and Methods A total of 524 patients with NSCLC treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center between 1991 and 2005 were reviewed. Only lymph node regions initially involved with tumor by either biopsy or radiographic criteria were included in the clinical target volume. Elective nodal failure (ENF) was defined as a recurrence in an initially uninvolved lymph node in the absence of local failure. Results Only 32 patients (6.1%) with ENF were identified. The 2-year actuarial rates of elective nodal control and primary tumor control were 92.4% and 51%,...
Alpha-Particle-Induced Increases in the Radioresistance of Normal Human Bystander Cells

Abstract Iyer, R. and Lehnert, B. E. Alpha-Particle-Induced Increases in the Radioresistance of Normal Human Bystander Cells. Radiat. Res. 157, 3–7 (2002). Numerous investigators have reported that direct exposure of cells to a low dose of ionizing radiation can induce a condition of enhanced radioresistance, i.e. a “radioadaptive” response. In this report, we investigated the hypothesis that a radioadaptive bystander effect may be induced in unirradiated cells by a transmissible factor(s) present in the supernatants of cells exposed to a low dose of α particles. Normal human lung fibroblasts (HFL-1) were irradiated with 1 cGy of α particles and their supernatants were transferred to unirradiated HFL-1 cells as a bystander cell model. Compared to directly irradiated cells that were not treated with supernatants from HFL-1 cells exposed to low-dose radiation, such treatment resulted in increased clonogenic survival after subsequent exposure to 10 and 19 cGy of α particles. Increases in protein levels of AP...
Abstract 500: Differential Predictors of Insulin Resistance in Non-Diabetic, Salt-Resistant and Salt-Sensitive Subjects

Normotensive (NT=16) and untreated hypertensive (HT=23) subjects, without diabetes, underwent an inpatient study of salt-sensitivity of blood pressure (24 hr salt loading [HI] with 2L saline and 160 mMol Na diet, and 24 hr salt depletion [LO] with 10 mMol Na diet and furosemide 40 mg x3); and of insulin sensitivity (homeostatic index, SI HOMA ). A fall of ≥10 mmHg in average systolic BP (noon to 10 pm) from HI to LO, was the cutoff for defining salt-sensitive (SS) vs salt-resistant (SR) subjects. Laboratory data were obtained before HI, and after HI and LO. NT were younger (40±2 vs 46±2 years, p 2 ), plasma insulin was lower (10±1 vs 28±3 μU/ml, p HOMA higher (0.61±0.09 vs 0.18±0.02 ml*L/[μU*mmol], p I /ml/hr), higher Aldo-renin ratio (32±6 vs 17±3 ng*dl -1 /ngAI*ml -1 *hr -1 ) and lower SI HOMA (0.25±0.03 vs 0.43±0.09) in SS (p HOMA of SR was diminished by LO to the level of SS. Univariate correlates of SI HOMA in SR were: age (r=-0.31, p HOMA in SR were BMI and Aldo (SI HOMA =1.35 - 0.025BMI - 0.013Aldo, r 2 =0.50, F=33.5, p HOMA =0.80 - 0.0055MAP - 0.0003CAT, r 2 =0.31, F=10.1, p
Atoms Laser-Cooled Below the Doppler-Cooling Limit

We have previously reported [1] laser cooling of atoms in optical molasses to temperatures as low as 40 μK; more recently, we have measured the temperature of this three-dimensional gas of Na atoms to be as low as -10 +20 μK. These low temperatures are in strong disagreement with the traditional theory of laser cooling, which predicted a lower limit of 240 μK. Temperatures below the “cooling limit” were surprising and unexpected. They pointed out the inadequacy of the usual theory for explaining a rather simple experiment. The results have great practical interest because it now appears to be relatively easy to obtain temperatures much lower than previously thought possible.
The Economics of Energy Policy in China: Implications for Global Climate Change

(1998). The Economics of Energy Policy in China: Implications for Global Climate Change. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development: Vol. 40, No. 7, pp. 23-23.
EPIZOO: a computer software package of methods for animal population health analysis and programming

An animal population health and disease software package entitled 'EPIZOO' has been developed. This computer program comprises an integral and complex system of selected indicators contained in ten modules and over one hundred sub-programs, with approximately two hundred methods for use in problem solving, training and simulation. This fully user-friendly software is applicable to any animal disease, and makes analysis and programming easier and quicker. The software includes general methods for use in a number of fields: animal population health and disease situation (structure, dynamics, diagnosis, analysis and consequences) animal population characteristics of epizootiological importance animal health programme preparation, cost calculation and evaluation selected sampling other statistical procedures. EPIZOO is a relatively simple tool for field and management veterinarians, as well as veterinary students.
Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in octogenarians is associated with higher mortality compared with nonoctogenarians

Objective Age is a well-known independent risk factor for death after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair. However, there is significant debate about the utility of AAA repair in older patients. In this study, mortality outcomes after endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) and open AAA repair (OAR) in octogenarians (aged ≥80 years) were compared with younger patients (aged Methods All patients recorded in the Vascular Quality Initiative database (2002-2012) who underwent infrarenal AAA repair were included. Univariable and multivariable statistics were used to compare perioperative (30-day) and 1-year mortality outcomes between octogenarians vs nonoctogenarians for OAR and EVAR. Results During the study period, 21,874 patients underwent AAA repair (OAR, 5765; EVAR, 16,109), including 4839 octogenarians (OAR, 765; EVAR, 4074) and 17,035 nonoctogenarians (OAR, 5000; EVAR, 12,035). Octogenarians (mean age, 83.0 ± 0.1 years) were less frequently male (66% vs 75%) and had a higher prevalence of congestive heart failure (9.9% vs 7.1%), chronic renal insufficiency (12.2% vs 7.5%), and a history of aortic surgery (14.3% vs 7.7%) compared with nonoctogenarians ( P P P = .18). Perioperative mortality after OAR was 20.1% in octogenarians compared with 7.1% in nonoctogenarians ( P P P P Conclusions AAA repair should be approached with extreme caution in octogenarians. Perioperative and 1-year mortality rates after OAR are particularly high in the older population, suggesting that the appropriate aneurysm size threshold for OAR might be larger due to the greater operative risk in octogenarian patients.
Human T cells expressing an invariant V alpha 24-J alpha Q TCR alpha are CD4- and heterogeneous with respect to TCR beta expression

A population of mature CD4-CD8-double-negative T cells that expresses an invariant Valpha24-JalphaQ TCR has been identified in humans; the majority of these cells appear to express Vbeta11. A closely related in variant TCRalpha chain is also expressed by a population of NK1+ murine T cells, but these cells may be either CD4+ or double negative. In this report, multiple CD4+ or double-negative Valpha24+Vbeta11+ T-cell clones were isolated, and only the double-negative clones were found to express the invariant TCRalpha chain. Studies of TCRbeta chains expressed by these cells demonstrate that a subset in some donors use Vbeta genes other than Vbeta11. Characterization of Vbeta11 TCRs in one donor by CDR3-length analysis was also carried out. The results indicate that multiple Vbeta11 TCRs of differing CDR3 lengths may associate with the invariant TCRalpha chain.
TU-AB-202-03: Prediction of PET Transfer Uncertainty by DIR Error Estimating Software, AUTODIRECT

Purpose: Deformable image registration (DIR) is a powerful tool, but DIR errors can adversely affect its clinical applications. To estimate voxel-specific DIR uncertainty, a software tool, called AUTODIRECT (automated DIR evaluation of confidence tool), has been developed and validated. This work tests the ability of this software to predict uncertainty for the transfer of standard uptake values (SUV) from positron-emission tomography (PET) with DIR. Methods: Virtual phantoms are used for this study. Each phantom has a planning computed tomography (CT) image and a diagnostic PET-CT image set. A deformation was digitally applied to the diagnostic CT to create the planning CT image and establish a known deformation between the images. One lung and three rectum patient datasets were employed to create the virtual phantoms. Both of these sites have difficult deformation scenarios associated with them, which can affect DIR accuracy (lung tissue sliding and changes in rectal filling). The virtual phantoms were created to simulate these scenarios by introducing discontinuities in the deformation field at the lung rectum border. The DIR algorithm from Plastimatch software was applied to these phantoms. The SUV mapping errors from the DIR were then compared to that predicted by AUTODIRECT. Results: The SUV error distributions closely followed the AUTODIRECT predicted error distribution for the 4 test cases. The minimum and maximum PET SUVs were produced from AUTODIRECT at 95% confidence interval before applying gradient-based SUV segmentation for each of these volumes. Notably, 93.5% of the target volume warped by the true deformation was included within the AUTODIRECT-predicted maximum SUV volume after the segmentation, while 78.9% of the target volume was within the target volume warped by Plastimatch. Conclusion: The AUTODIRECT framework is able to predict PET transfer uncertainty caused by DIR, which enables an understanding of the associated target volume uncertainty.
How to Effectively Implement a Peer Review Process for Interventional Radiology Procedures.

INTRODUCTION Fundamental to improving the quality of patient care is the process of gathering data and summarizing it in a reliable and easily accessible fashion, both for understanding existing conditions and for assessing subsequent improvement efforts. Our Department of Radiology has increasingly relied on tracking quality data to find ways to improve the way we operate and, ultimately, the way patients are cared for at our institution. Recently, our department has focused its quality improvement efforts on employing a system of peer review for each subspecialty in radiology. Although some consider the concept of peer review to be a flawed process with little evidence available in support of its benefits, the greater availability of quality data and the increased pressure on institutions from payers, employers, peers, and patients to clearly and concisely measure the performance of its health care providers have prompted the continued implementation and adaptation of the system [1-3]. As in any other field of medicine in which decisions or assessments are based on a multitude of factors, not all of which are easily quantifiable, implementing a successful peer review system in the interventional radiology (IR) subspecialty has been challenging [4]. Although it may be difficult to implement, peer review in this subspecialty could be particularly
Tristan Tzara (1896–1963)

‘The theatre. Since it still remains attached to a romantic imitation of life, to an illogical fiction, let us give it all the natural vigor it had to begin with — let it be amusement or poetry,’ wrote Tristan Tzara, the founder of Dada and author of The Gas Heart.1 A movement designed to destroy the values and standards of European bourgeois society, Dada, as conveyed in Tzara’s First Manifesto (1916), represented negation, a rebellion against the political, economic, and social systems believed to be responsible for the ‘outrage’ that was World War I. Dada also rejected all forms of accepted art, advocating anti-representationalism, anti-literary procedures, anti-logical sequences and patterns of thought, anti-syntactical structures and semantic valuations. When summing up his movement, Tzara wrote: ‘Dada signifies nothing’. He then set down the following equations: ‘order=disorder; I=non I; affirmation=negation; if each one says the contrary it’s because he is right.’2
Minimal support based multi-view face detection: Issues and Implementation

Multi-view face detection is a challenging problem due to dramatic appearance changes under various pose, illumination and expression conditions. In this paper we consider the problem of multi-view face detection. In this paper detection, It propose to apply Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNN) as the post filter, which is known to be able to extract effective features automatically during learning. The proposed method has minimal complexity, unlike other recent deep learning object detection methods, it does not require additional components such as segmentation, bounding box regression, or SVM classifiers. We build a deep convolutional neural network that can simultaneously learn the face/nonface decision, the face pose estimation problem, and the facial landmark localization problem. We show that such a multi-task learning scheme can further improve the classifier's accuracy. Evaluations on popular face detection benchmark data sets show that our single model face detector algorithm has similar or better performance compared other previous methods, which are more complex and require annotations of either different poses or facial landmarks.
Characterization of distinct coagulopathic phenotypes in injury: Pathway-specific drivers and implications for individualized treatment.

BACKGROUND International normalized ratio (INR) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) are used interchangeably to diagnose acute traumatic coagulopathy but reflect disparate activation pathways. In this study, we identified injury/patient characteristics and coagulation factors that drive contact pathway, tissue factor pathway (TF), and common pathway dysfunction by examining injured patients with discordant coagulopathies. We hypothesized that patients with INR/PTT discordance reflect differing phenotypes representing contact versus tissue factor pathway perturbations and that characterization will provide targets to guide individualized resuscitation. METHODS Plasma samples were prospectively collected from 1,262 critically injured patients at a single Level I trauma center. Standard coagulation measures and an extensive panel of procoagulant and anticoagulant factors were assayed and analyzed with demographic and outcome data. RESULTS Fourteen percent of patients were coagulopathic on admission. Among these, 48% had abnormal INR and PTT (BOTH), 43% had isolated prolonged PTT (PTT-CONTACT), and 9% had isolated elevated INR (INR-TF). PTT-CONTACT and BOTH had lower Glasgow Coma Scale score than INR-TF (p < 0.001). INR-TF had decreased factor VII activity compared with PTT-CONTACT, whereas PTT-CONTACT had decreased factor VIII activity compared with INR-TF. All coagulopathic patients had factor V deficits, but activity was lowest in BOTH, suggesting an additive downstream effect of disordered activation pathways. Patients with PTT-CONTACT received half as much packed red blood cell and fresh frozen plasma as did the other groups (p < 0.001). Despite resuscitation, mortality was higher for coagulopathic patients; mortality was highest in BOTH and higher in PTT-CONTACT than in INR-TF (71%, 60%, 41%; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Discordant phenotypes demonstrate differential factor deficiencies consistent with dysfunction of contact versus tissue factor pathways with additive effects from common pathway dysfunction. Recognition and treatment of pathway-specific factor deficiencies driving different coagulopathic phenotypes in injured patients may individualize resuscitation and improve outcomes. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic/epidemiological study, level II.
An Experimental Platform for Validating Internal Actuator Control Strategies

Abstract Internal actuators, such as moving mass actuators and reaction wheels, have been proposed as attitude control devices for autonomous underwater vehicles. This paper describes modeling and design of a rnodular, internally actuated autonomous underwater vehicle. The vehicle design allows for a variety of internal actuator modules and external fairings. The base body is a spherical glass pressure housing which contains an internal actuator module, sensors, and an on-board computer. The first actuator module, comprising three reaction wheel actuators, will provide a unique facility for investigating nonlinear spacecraft attitude control as well as underwater vehicle control.
Reconstruction of underlying surfaces from scanned data using lines of curvature

Abstract This study presents a new method for reconstructing an underlying surface from scanned data of styling design objects. Our approach is based on sweep-based modeling, in which a surface is generated by sweeping a specified section curve along a 3D spine curve. However, it is difficult to determine the spine curve directly from the scanned data. Therefore, we generated a surface such that the trajectory of a point on the section curve approaches the line of curvature with less torsion of the surface to be generated while transforming the section curve. Compared with conventional approaches, our method can act as a guiding principle for reconstructing underlying surfaces via reverse engineering. The results of our experiments demonstrate that high-quality surfaces can be generated from real-world scanned data.
Finding land cover change impacts on low flow regimes

Climate changes, as well as land cover changes, affect the flow regimes in streams. Understanding the contributions of climate variables and land cover changes on low flows will help planners and decision makers to improve water resources management. An approach which uses data driven artificial neural networks (ANNs) is proposed in this study. Land cover, rainfall, snow and temperature were used as inputs to the ANN model. In this approach, an index called relative strength effect was used to assess the contribution of each input used in ANN. The proposed approach was experimented in three contrasting watersheds in northwest Indiana, USA. The study indicates that the changes in low flow regime for a less urbanized watershed were explained by land cover changes up to 30% while the remaining 70% variations were explained by meteorological inputs. In the watershed with a more developed area, the low flow variations were influenced up to 80% by meteorological inputs.
The Mediating Effect of Storying on the Relationship Between Psychological Capital and Salesperson Performance: An Abstract

Storytelling is the act of tying together actions and consequences into an interesting narrative that drives sales. Storytelling aids in cognitive reasoning and affects how we view ourselves and others in a social exchange (i.e., a sales encounter). However, storytelling must be perceived as authentic if it is to be impactful. One key to creating authentic stories is for the storyteller to have authentic feelings about what is being said and the message being conveyed. Psychological ownership, or the feeling that an object or idea is “MINE!,” can positively impact employee attitudes, organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and extra-role behavior. In short, feelings of psychological ownership toward the firm can place the salesperson in a good frame of mind for producing an authentic story. Thus, we propose that feelings of psychological ownership will drive better storytelling on the part of salespeople. Improved storytelling, in turn, will drive better sales performance. We further propose that sales managers can have a positive impact (moderation) on this process through (1) mentoring their salespeople and (2) empowering them with the tools, resources, and autonomy to do the job.
Chapter 2 - Ethanol by Classical Fermentation: United States and Brazil

The Renewable Fuels Standard focused on the classical production of ethanol by fermentation of cornstarch. This was driven by its long commercial history and its ready availability as a renewable resource that could reduce dependence on fossil fuels. It also sizably produced less greenhouse gases when burned. The dry milling process is commonly used in the fermentation of cornstarch. Production of fuel grade ethanol soared from 2.1 to 13.9 billion gallons from 2002 to 2011, a nearly sevenfold increase. The competing demands for food and fuel drove corn prices from $2.78 to $7.25 per bushel in mid-2012. This encouraged the development of waste cellulose as an alternate to cornstarch. In contrast to the United States, Brazil has required ethanol blending into gasoline since 1976. The Brazilian motor fuel economy relies on their extensive resources of low-cost cane sugar.
Analytical scaling relations to evaluate leakage and intrusion in intermittent water supply systems.

Intermittent water supplies (IWS) deliver piped water to one billion people; this water is often microbially contaminated. Contaminants that accumulate while IWS are depressurized are flushed into customers’ homes when these systems become pressurized. In addition, during the steady-state phase of IWS, contaminants from higher-pressure sources (e.g., sewers) may continue to intrude where pipe pressure is low. To guide the operation and improvement of IWS, this paper proposes an analytic model relating supply pressure, supply duration, leakage, and the volume of intruded, potentially-contaminated, fluids present during flushing and steady-state. The proposed model suggests that increasing the supply duration may improve water quality during the flushing phase, but decrease the subsequent steady-state water quality. As such, regulators and academics should take more care in reporting if water quality samples are taken during flushing or steady-state operational conditions. Pipe leakage increases with increased supply pressure and/or duration. We propose using an equivalent orifice area (EOA) to quantify pipe quality. This provides a more stable metric for regulators and utilities tracking pipe repairs. Finally, we show that the volume of intruded fluid decreases in proportion to reductions in EOA. The proposed relationships are applied to self-reported performance indicators for IWS serving 108 million people described in the IBNET database and in the Benchmarking and Data Book of Water Utilities in India. This application shows that current high-pressure, continuous water supply targets will require extensive EOA reductions. For example, in order to achieve national targets, utilities in India will need to reduce their EOA by a median of at least 90%.
Surface Induced Dissociation in Mass Spectrometry, Historical Perspective

The concept and exploitation of surface-induced ion dissociation as a means for fragmentation in mass spectrometry is described. The various types of reaction that can occur and the versions of instrumentation are both covered. A comparison is made with collision-induced dissociation. Some illustrative applications are given.
The State Attorney General and Preemption

According to the National Association of Attorneys General, "the rise of preemption of state laws and regulations by federal administrative agencies, rather than directly by Congress" is "[p]erhaps the most significant development in federal preemption in the last several decades." This kind of preemption is typically claimed in an agency ruling or regulation declaring certain state laws or activities preempted, even though the underlying statute says nothing about preemption in those areas. That an association of state attorneys general would view "agency preemption" as particularly worrisome is hardly surprising: the main casualties are often state attorneys general, whose broad investigative and enforcement powers under state consumer protection, health, environmental, and other state laws are displaced by the agency's action.This paper, which will appear as a chapter in a book on preemption edited by William Buzbee and to be published by Cambridge University Press, examines the implications of agency preemption for state attorneys general, and vice versa. Its principal intended audience is not so much the courts as Congress and the federal agencies; its prescriptions are less about judicial doctrine (though there are implications along those lines) than about choices the legislature and agencies could make to better accommodate the important functions of democratically accountable state attorneys general. As to Congress, I suggest that it should directly address whether any or all of the work of state attorneys general should be preempted by any particular enactment it passes, and should include a provision making clear the extent of its intent to preempt. As to agencies, I suggest that, in the absence of clear statutory language addressing the question, they should be reluctant to promulgate regulations preempting the investigatory or enforcement authority of state attorneys general. Unlike the Supreme Court's current "presumption against preemption," the approach I advocate does not turn on the particular subject matter of the state or federal law in question. Instead, it focuses on the identity of the actor enforcing the state law.
Inventory of North American Hg Emissions to the Atmosphere

Looking at emission quantities of chemicals is useful for an initial comparison of sources, but such a comparison does not relate linearly to health risk to human and non-human populations, but is a key input for risk assessment. Accurate emissions data are just now becoming available in the US for the trace element, mercury (Hg). We can use these emissions estimates to constrain risk assessments, to bound emissions for countries which lack data, and to further constrain the global cycle. Two parts of the equation remain highly uncertain: the amount of emitted Hg that participates in the global cycle and the quantification of natural sources; the latter is our greatest research need.
Ensemble learning of satellite remote sensing images via integrating deep and fast learning algorithms for water quality monitoring (Conference Presentation)

Previous remote sensing studies of intelligent feature extraction led to the successful image fusion, merging, and cloudy pixel reconstruction destined for the spatiotemporal change detection. Based on fused satellite images with better spatial and temporal resolution, this study explores a thorough comparative analysis in terms of feature extraction capability of deep learning, regular learning, fast learning, and ensemble learning relative to some traditional feature extraction algorithms (2-band and linear regression models). In specific, this study aims to evaluate the systematic influences of fast and deep learning models with potential to create a new ensemble learning tool for better feature extraction based on fused remote sensing images. In ensemble learning step, the whole ground-truth dataset is fed into the selected ensemble learning algorithm (i.e., a classifier fusion algorithm) with the aid of singular value decomposition to create an integrative tool. Practical implementation was assessed by a case study of water quality monitoring over dry and wet seasons in Lake Nicaragua, Central America. Both deep and fast learning algorithms outperform the regular learning algorithm with a single layer forward network and ensemble learning may take advantage of merits of deep, fast, and regular learning algorithms. Final water quality assessment was generated based on the integrative algorithm of the two with bio-optical models for eutrophication assessment in Lake Nicaragua. Although deep learning has better results in validation and the ensemble learning model aggregates different types of strength from all models based on all limited ground-truth samples.
PSA screening: Back to the future.

Screening for prostate cancer reduces mortality rates and metastatic disease, and the paradigm continues to evolve.
Microtubules are necessary for proper Reticulon localization during mitosis

During mitosis, the structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) displays a dramatic reorganization and remodeling event, however the mechanism driving these changes is poorly understood. Recently, the Reticulon family of ER shaping proteins has been identified as possible factors to promote these drastic changes in ER morphology. In addition, the Reticulons and other ER shaping proteins have been directly linked to several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we provide key insight into the cytoskeletal factors involved in the Drosophila Reticulon, Reticulon-like 1 (Rtnl1) during mitosis in the early embryo. At prometaphase, Rtnl1 localizes at the spindle poles just prior to the bulk of ER localization suggesting a role in recruitment. Using precise temporal injections of cytoskeletal inhibitors in the early syncytial Drosophila embryo, we show that microtubules, not microfilaments are necessary for proper Rtnl1 localization and function during mitosis. Lastly, we show that astral microtubules are necessary for Rtnl1 localization at the spindle poles early in mitosis. This work highlights the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in Rtnl1 localization and ER dynamics during mitosis and sheds light on a pathway towards inheritance of this major organelle.
Female Tract Distributorsand Their Door-to-Door Rhetorical Education

In the nineteenth century, religious tract distribution was a popular form of evangelism. Drawing on evidence from the American Tract Society’s periodical, American Tract Magazine, and tract societ...
Population genetic assessment of two critically endangered freshwater mussel species, Tennessee bean Venustaconcha trabalis and Cumberland bean Venustaconcha troostensis

The Cumberland bean Venustaconcha troostensis (Conrad in Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16346317/ , 1834) and Tennessee bean V. trabalis (Lea in Proc Acad Nat Sci Phila 13:38–41, 1861) are both endangered freshwater mussel species endemic to the Cumberland and Tennessee river basins, respectively. These species are closely related and morphologically similar in appearance, and now exist only in small, fragmented populations relative to their historical abundances and distributions throughout the southeastern United States. A critical management need is to understand genetic differences among populations, so that informed decisions can be made to promote demographic and genetic viability of remaining populations. Against this background, we conducted a population genetic analysis by assessing variation at eight microsatellite DNA loci across 127 individuals. Our results showed five population clusters across five rivers, V. trabalis in the Clinch, Obed-Emory, Holston, and Hiwassee rivers; and V. troostensis in the Cumberland river. There was moderate to high differentiation among populations based on FST (range 0.09 − 0.18) and high differentiation among populations based on Jost’s D (range 0.33 − 0.67). The highest differentiation was observed between populations in the Cumberland and Tennessee River basins (mean FST = 0.155, mean D = 0.559). Analysis of allele frequencies suggest that all populations likely have lost genetic diversity and are bottlenecked to various degrees. Linkage disequilibrium-based estimates of recent-current effective population sizes (Ne) ranged from 42 in the Cumberland River population to 130 individuals in the Hiwassee River population, suggesting that populations have become small and fragmented by natural historical processes and by man-made impediments to gene flow. Using approximate Bayesian computation to estimate Ne over longer-term coalescent time, median posterior distributions of Ne ranged from 7130 for the Clinch River population to 901 for the Holston River population. The inferences gained in this study may warrant action by conservation managers to artificially cross extant stocks within basins for purposes of genetic and demographic augmentation. However, based on our initial results, we do not recommend interspecific mixing of individuals between the Cumberland and Tennessee River basins.