cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Mg addition on the creep and yield behavior of an Al–Sc alloy

The relationships between microstructure and strength were studied at room temperature and 300 °C in an Al–2 wt% Mg–0.2 wt% Sc alloy, containing Mg in solid-solution and Al3Sc (L12 structure) as nanosize precipitates. At room temperature, the yield strength is controlled by the superposition of solid-solution and precipitation strengthening. At 300 °C and at large applied stresses, the creep strength, which is characterized by a stress exponent of ~5, is significantly improved compared to binary Al–Sc alloys, and is independent of the size of the Al 3Sc precipitates. At small applied stress, a threshold stress exists, increasing from 9% to 70% of the Orowan stress with increasing Al 3Sc precipitate radius from 2 to 25 nm. An existing model based on a climb-controlled bypass mechanism is in semiquantitative agreement with the precipitate radius dependence of the threshold stress. The model is, however, only valid for coherent precipitates, and the Al 3Sc precipitates lose coherency for radii larger than 11 nm. For semi-coherent precipitates with radii greater than 15 nm, the threshold stress remains high, most likely because of the presence of interfacial misfit dislocations.
Caution! CAUTI-Free Zone: Improving Outcomes in Heart Failure Patients

Cone Health Heart Failure Department 4700 Juanita Futrell, BSN, RN Denequal Brown, BSN, RN, Nellie Buck, BSN, RN, Laurie Freeman ADN, RN, Courtney Gentry, MHA, BSN, RN-BC, Mandesia Hairston, BSN, RN Lanisha Hunter, MHA, BSN, RN, Ana Maria Magbitang, BSN, RN, CCRN, Monette Mabolo, MBA/MSN, BSN, RN, NEA-BC, Trevis Morrison, NSMT, Lauren Mueller, BSN, RN, PCCN, Anita Sherer, MSN, RN, PCCN, Taiwo Tijani, BSN, RN
Orientation distance graphs

For two nonisomorphic orientations D and D2 of a graph G, the orientation distance do(D,D2) between D and D2 is the minimum number of arcs of D whose directions must be reversed to produce an orientation isomorphic to D2. The orientation distance graph &#119967;o(G) of G has the set &#119978;(G) of pairwise nonisomorphic orientations of G as its vertex set and two vertices D and D2 of &#119967;0(G) are adjacent if and only if do(D,D2) = 1. For a nonempty subset S of &#119978;(G), the orientation distance graph &#119967;0(S) of S is the induced subgraph )S* of &#119967;o(G). A graph H is an orientation distance graph if there exists a graph G and a set S⊆ &#119978;(G) such that &#119967;o(S) is isomorphic to H. In this case, H is said to be an orientation distance graph with respect to G. This paper deals primarily with orientation distance graphs with respect to paths. For every integer n ≥4, it is shown that &#119967;o(Pn) is Hamiltonian if and only if n is even. Also, the orientation distance graph of a path of odd order is bipartite. Furthermore, every tree is an orientation distance graph with respect to some path, as is every cycle, and for n ≥ 3 the clique number of &#119967;o(Pn) is 2 if n is odd and is 3 otherwise. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 36: 230241, 2001 Research supported in part by a Western Michigan University Faculty Research and Creative Activities Grant.
The effects of manure application on soil aggregation

Surface application of manure may increase the risk of phosphorus loss in runoff. Manure application, however, often results in increased soil aggregate stability with reduced runoff and erosion and, therefore, reduced P transport potential. Three field studies were conducted with silt loam or silty clay loam soil in Nebraska to determine how water- stable soil aggregation in the 0- to 25-mm soil depth is affected: (1) by application of raw or composted feedlot manure; (2) by repeated annual manure application; and (3) by the residual effect of composted manure applied five to seven years before sampling. Large macro-aggregates ((2 mm) were increased 200% or more by both manure and compost application within 15 days after application; the effect persisted for the seven months of study with a greater effect due to compost application. Aggregate stability was similar for incorporation and no incorporation of the applied compost or manure. Bray-P1 in large macro-aggregates was 200% more than for the whole soil sample with manure or compost applied, but Bray-P1 in large macro-aggregates was similar to the whole sample in the control. Annual application of swine slurry for several years resulted in a 20% increase in aggregates (250 mm. After four years of no compost following three years of compost application, aggregate size distribution was similar for the compost- compared to the no-compost-applied treatments. Increased macro- aggregate formation and high Bray-P1 in these aggregates may protect against P loss in runoff due to reduced runoff and erosion and protection of P in water-stable large macro-aggregates.
Teratogen metabolism: thalidomide activation is mediated by cytochrome P-450.

Abstract A metabolite of thalidomide generated by hepatic microsomes inhibited the attachment of tumor cells to concanavalin A-coated polyethylene. Evidence that metabolite formation is mediated by microsomal cytochrome P-450 is presented. Microsomes incubated with thalidomide underwent a type I spectral shift. Metabolite formation was reduced or eliminated by carbon monoxide, SKF-525A, metyrapone, and N-octylamine. Superoxide dismutase treatment had no effect. Metabolite formation required microsomes and NADPH and was dependent on the length of 37°C incubation. The metabolite could be isolated by successive hexane and chloroform extractions. It is likely the inhibitory thalidomide metabolite was generated by a minor cytochrome P-450 species. Whether this thalidomide metabolite is involved in the drug's teratogenic activity remains to be shown.
Catalytic Function of PLA2G6 Is Impaired by Mutations Associated with Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy but Not Dystonia-Parkinsonism

Background Mutations in the PLA2G6 gene have been identified in autosomal recessive neurodegenerative diseases classified as infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA), and dystonia-parkinsonism. These clinical syndromes display two significantly different disease phenotypes. NBIA and INAD are very similar, involving widespread neurodegeneration that begins within the first 1–2 years of life. In contrast, patients with dystonia-parkinsonism present with a parkinsonian movement disorder beginning at 15 to 30 years of age. The PLA2G6 gene encodes the PLA2G6 enzyme, also known as group VIA calcium-independent phospholipase A2, which has previously been shown to hydrolyze the sn-2 acyl chain of phospholipids, generating free fatty acids and lysophospholipids.
The effects of argon in the bioenergetics of the hamster and the rat

Oxygen consumption was examined in hamsters and rats exposed to normoxic mixtures of argon at 1 atm. In fasted and nonfasted animals, no marked change in O2 utilization was detectable at 22 C. However, at 7 C a significant decrease in oxygen consumption was observed where the animals were exposed in argon. The data are interpreted in terms of the greater thermal conductivity of nitrogen. The study was prompted by conflicting reports on the metabolic effects of argon and helium.
PET studies of cerebral glucose metabolism in conscious rhesus macaques

A growing body of evidence suggests that rhesus macaques may be a good model of human brain aging. We used positron emission tomography (PET) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) to measure regional cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (rCMRglc) in young and aged rhesus macaques to determine if age-related decreases, such as those reported in humans, also occur in macaques. Whereas the aged animals had lower metabolic rates in every brain region studied, the largest differences were in left temporal cortex. The largest differences were also observed in left temporal cortex when relative rCMRglc values were used. Both rCMRglc and relative rCMRglc were marked by substantial individual variation within the aged group. This variation may parallel the variation observed in behavioral studies. Future studies that include both PET and behavioral measures should help determine if there is a relationship between age-related changes in rCMRglc and behavior.
The effects of early rollback in total knee arthroplasty on stair stepping.

We investigated the effects of early compared with late (ie, in flexion) rollback on quadriceps efficiency during stair stepping. We studied 10 patients with the IB II (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), designed to enforce rollback at 73 degrees of knee flexion; 9 patients with the Maxim PS (Biomet, Inc, Warsaw, IN) TKA, designed to enforce rollback between 20 degrees and 30 degrees of flexion; 8 patients with the TRAC PS (Biomet, Inc, Warsaw, IN) mobile bearing TKA, designed to enforce rollback at 8 degrees of flexion; and 21 healthy control subjects during stair stepping. We measured the external knee flexion moments, which must be largely balanced by quadriceps force acting over the quadriceps lever arm, as indicators of quadriceps efficiency. The peak external knee flexion moment generated by the IB II patients during stair stepping was 12.4% and occurred at 65 degrees of knee flexion. This moment was significantly less (P=.006) than the peak moment, 17.6%, generated by the healthy controls. Knee flexion for the IB II patients did not reach 73 degrees, and rollback was not enforced until after the peak moment (ie, maximum demands on the quadriceps) had been attained. The peak moments generated by the TRAC PS patients, 14.2%, and Maxim patients, 14.8%, were not significantly different from that of the controls. These results suggest that early as compared with late rollback returns more normal quadriceps efficiency during stair stepping.
The landscape of archival employment: A study of professional archivist job advertisements, 2006-2014

The archival profession has long attempted to define what constitutes a professional archivist. These debates over education, training, and certification have lasted decades, however few studies have been completed on how the employment market for archivists has changed in response to these professional challenges. This study looks at almost a thousand professional archivist job advertisements between late 2006 and early 2014 to understand the current prevailing recruitment criteria. It is broader in scope and time period than other recent studies. Overall, the market was determined to be mostly stable during the study period.
Effectiveness of cyclosporin therapy for Behçet's disease.

Behqet’s disease is a clinical entity with mouth and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and both anterior and posterior uveitis as its major criteria. It has been theoriz,ed that Behqet’s disease is immune complex mediated, and is characterized by multiple attacks which often lead to severe visual handicap. Behqet’s disease patients with severe ocular involvement and cytotorric andlor systemic corticosteroid agent failures were treated with cyclosporin (CsA). CsA therapy effectively abrogated the acute phase of the ocular attack and either totally prevented, or markedly reduced, the recurrences of these attacks. Generally, patients tolerated the medication well; occasionally however, renal toxicity secondary to cyclosporin therapy prevented prescription of a maximally effective therapeutic dose of the drug. CsA kevels in plasma were dose-dependent for each patient, but the dosage per kg of CsA needed to obtain a specific plasma level varied greatly from patient to patient. Circulating immune complex levels were not universally elevated during the acute ocular attack. However, increases in circulating immune complex concentrations were noted after treatment with CsA was begun and the disease became clinically inactive. These data, as well as the effectiveness of CsA, an agent with predominantly anti-T cell effects, raise a question as to whether circulating immune complexes are centrally
Optimal vehicle stability control design based on preview game theory concept

In this paper, vehicle stability is represented by a cooperative dynamic game such that its two agents (players), namely, the driver and the direct yaw controller (DYC), are working together to provide more stability to the vehicle system. While the driver provides the steering wheel control, the DYC control algorithm is obtained by the well-known Nash game theory to ensure optimal performance as well as robustness to disturbances. The common bicycle model is put into discrete form to develop the game equations of motion. To evaluate the control algorithm developed, a nonlinear vehicle model along with the combined-slip Pacejka tire model is used. The control algorithm is evaluated for a lane change maneuver, and the optimal set of steering angle and corrective yaw moment is calculated and fed to the test vehicle. The simulation results show that the optimal preview control algorithm can significantly reduce lateral velocity and yaw rate which all contribute to enhancing vehicle stability.
The Strange New World of the Quantum

The logical framework of complementarity was formulated originally in an effort to resolve some ambiguities concerning wave-particle dualism in quantum physics. Although new and profound complementary relationships, as we will discuss in more detail later, were also emergent in relativity theory, it was quantum physics which established that complementarity might be a fundamental aspect of our efforts to better comprehend physical reality with advances in physical theory. In classical physics, as we have seen, the visualizable physical reality appeared to be disclosed with ultimate completeness and certainty in physical theory. Thus physical theory, as Kelvin implied in his use of the “two cloud” metaphor, seemed in the actual practice of physics to bridge the gap between mind and nature and, in the process, to disclose the pre-existent scientific truths which lay beyond the veil of appearances.
Persistence of Brain Hyperexcitability Following Chronic Alcohol Exposure in Rats

Eighteen hooded Long-Evans rats were implanted with monopolar electrodes for the purpose of recording visual evoked potentials (VEP’s) at the following brain sites: visual cortex, reticular formation and thalamus. Baseline VEP’s were obtained to flashes for all animals, and subsequently twelve rats were intubated daily with a progression of increasing quantities of 20% (V/V) alcohol (3–8 g/kg), while the remaining six rats received an equivalent amount of water in the same fashion. Beginning 41/2 hours after the last dose of intubated alcohol, withdrawal VEP’s were sampled every half-hour up to 8 hours, and 24–27 hours postwithdrawal. All experimental animals manifested their greatest brain hyperexcitability at visual cortex, which peaked sharply between 7–8 hours after alcohol withdrawal. Following two weeks of abstinence, half of the experimental rats (N=6) and half of the controls (N=3) received an alcohol challenge dose (2 g/kg i.p.), while the remaining animals received the same challenge dose after five weeks. Marked hyperexcitability was observed in the two-week challenge dose animals that had been previously subjected to alcohol; no such increase in VEP amplitude was apparent for control rats. There is also some evidence of hyperexcitability after five weeks of abstinence from alcohol at visual cortex. The data indicates that the neurophysiological responses of post-addict rats to challenge doses of alcohol are readily distinguishable from those of naive animals, even five weeks after alcohol removal. Furthermore, alcohol seems to act differently at different sites of the brain.
Optical rectennas: Nanotubes circumvent trade-offs.

An optical rectenna made of a forest of multiwalled carbon nanotubes shows potential for direct conversion of light into d.c. electricity.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids increase lipid radical formation induced by oxidant stress in endothelial cells

Lipid-derived free radicals were detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry when cultured endothelial cells attached to Cytodex beads were exposed to iron-induced oxidant stress in the presence of the spin trap alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butylnitrone (POBN). Radical adduct formation was enhanced greatly when the cells were supplemented during growth with polyunsaturated fatty acids. The largest EPR signal intensity was observed in cells enriched with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid, but enhanced radical adduct production also occurred after exposure to arachidonic, alpha-linolenic, gamma-linolenic, or linoleic acids. Radical adduct formation increased as the DHA content of the cells increased and approached a maximum after only 6 h of exposure to DHA. Ascorbic acid, acting as a pro-oxidant, enhanced radical adduct formation in cells enriched with DHA. The EPR signal intensity was reduced when the cells were tested 6 h after replacement of the DHA-enriched medium with a medium containing 5-20 microM oleic acid, indicating that the increased endothelial responsiveness to oxidant stress is reversible. Likewise, when U937 monocytes enriched with DHA were exposed subsequently to 20 microM oleic acid, a 35-45% decrease in radical adduct formation also occurred. These findings suggest that the endothelium may become more susceptible to oxidative injury when it is exposed to elevated amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids. However, the effect appears to be temporary. The protective action of oleic acid against oxidant stress is not confined to the endothelium; it applies to monocytes as well.
469 Patient Safety: A Cultural Must!

Background and aims: Although patient safety has been a major topic in healthcare for more than a decade, the challenge remains to find effective and sustainable safety improvement programmes. A culture of safety is a key factor in the success of such programmes. We investigated the differences in patient safety culture on wards before the start of a safety program with wards where a safety program was implemented for several years. Methods: A survey was undertaken amongst paediatricians and specialized nurses by means of the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC) on wards without a safety program (group A) and on wards with a safety program (group B). The study took place at the Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam. Results: In group A 252 surveys were provided with a response rate of 67% (64% nurses). In group B 153 surveys were provided with a response rate of 53% (80% nurses). The HSOPSC consists of 40 questions, covering 11 dimensions. Results are presented in positive, neutral or negative ratings. We found the following significant differences between groups (A vs. B) in positive ratings: Ratings in the other dimensions were unchanged. Conclusion: Implementation of a patient safety programme improves some aspects in the culture on a ward, while other aspects demand more focused intervening.
The Impact of Revised Article 5 on Small and Mid-Sized Exporters

Revised Article 5 of the Uniform Commercial Code is the product of years of effort to modernize the statute and harmonize it with international letter of credit rules. Since Article 5 has been sent to the states for review and enactment, the impact of certain provisions on small and mid-sized companies should be considered. These smaller companies as a group contribute substantially to the growth of the U.S. economy through exports. Individually, however, they have little leverage to use with a bank in a dispute over a letter of credit.There are two provisions that impact negatively on these companies. The first provision, Section 5-108(e), potentially impacts adversely on all parties, since it abridges the constitutional right to a jury trial. The second, Section 5-111(e), which mandates that attorney's fees and expenses of litigation be awarded to the prevailing party, may effectively prevent smaller companies from bringing a lawsuit against a bank, because of the risk of having to pay the bank's attorney's fees if they lose. Both of these provisions need modification.
Enterobryus attenuatus from the Passalid beetle

Enterobryus is one of the genera of commensal fungi belonging to the order Eccrinales, and, like all members of the order, its species have been found living only within the hindguts of arthropods. While the sexual nature of species within the Eccrinales has not been clearly established, their vegetative characteristics suggest possible affinities with the Phycomycetes, for the hyphae are coenocytic, non-septate, and the presence of cellulose can be demonstrated in the cell walls. Enterobryus attenuatus, one of five species described by Joseph Leidy between 1849 and 1853, is of particular interest because it was discovered in the hindgut of a beetle, Passalus cornutus Fab., rather than in millipeds as were the other species found by Leidy. This host difference has led some authors to make a generic separation of those species found in beetles from those found in millipeds, a matter which will be discussed later in this paper. E. attenuatus was first described in a paper presented by Leidy in 1849(b), though mention of this species had been made in a paper published earlier that same year (1849a). A more complete description with drawings appeared in 1853. I have collected specimens of Passalus cornutus and have studied the fungi associated with them. Hyphae of the fungus which Leidy discovered were seen in all individuals, and were found to be substantially as Leidy described them. However, in the most anterior region of the hindgut of all host specimens dissected I also found other hyphae which, upon first examination, appeared to be quite different from those described by Leidy, but it is my belief that they represent another phase of the fungus, Enterobryus attenuatus, apparently not observed by Leidy. It is the purpose of this paper to present a description of these new hyphal types and the spores they produce, and to suggest how they fit into the life cycle of the fungus.
Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Filled Rubber: Silica-Silicone

Abstract This work focuses on the relationship between the morphology of filled rubbers and their behavior at small and large deformations. Composites were made from vinyl terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and different fumed silicas. Filler concentration range was kept between 0 to 40 phr (parts of silica per hundred parts of PDMS). Small deformation tests done in oscillatory shear showed that there is coupling of the filler agglomeration and crosslinking effects at high crosslink density while the coupling is negligible at low crosslinking levels. Since crosslinking (hydrosilation) proceeds through the end vinyl groups of the PDMS, lower molecular weight polymers produce rubbers with higher elastic modulus than do high molecular weight silicones. However, the rubbers formed from low molecular weight PDMS break at lower extensions. As in the case of uncured composites, the moduli of the samples increase with silica concentration and amount of silanols on the silica. A silica treated with divinyltetr...
Variation in seed characters in Nemophila menziesii: Evidence of a genetic basis for maternal effect

A growing body of evidence indicates that phenotypic selection on juvenile traits of both plants and animals may be considerable. Because juvenile traits are typically subject to maternal effects and often have low heritabilities, adaptive responses to natural selection on these traits may seem unlikely. To determine the potential for evolutionary response to selection on juvenile traits of Nemophila menziesii (Hydrophyllaceae), we conducted two quantitative genetic studies. A reciprocal factorial cross, involving 16 parents and 1960 progeny, demonstrated a significant maternal component of variance in seed mass and additive genetic component of variance in germination time. This experiment also suggested that interaction between parents, though small, provides highly significant contributions to the variance of both traits. Such a parental interaction could arise by diverse mechanisms, including dependence of nuclear gene expression on cytoplasmic genotype, but the design of this experiment could not distinguish this from other possible causes, such as effects on progeny phenotype of interaction between the environmental conditions of both parents. The second experiment, spanning three generations with over 11,000 observations, was designed for investigation of the additive genetic variance in maternal effect, assessment of paternal effects, as well as further partitioning of the parental interaction identified in the reciprocal factorial experiment. It yielded no consistent evidence of paternal effects on seed mass, nor of parental interactions. Our inference of such interaction effects from the first experiment was evidently an artifact of failing to account for the substantial variance among fruits within crosses. The maternal effect was found to have a large additive genetic component, accounting for at least 20% of the variation in individual seed mass. This result suggests that there is appreciable potential for response to selection on seed mass through evolution of the maternal effect. We discuss aspects that may nevertheless limit response to individual selection on seed mass, including trade-offs between the size of individual seeds and germination time and between the number of seeds a maternal plant can mature and their mean size.
A Single Controlled Exposure to Secondhand Smoke May Not Alter Thrombogenesis or Trigger Platelet Activation

Introduction Chronic secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure increases cardiovascular events, particularly acute thrombotic events. There are little human data on acute SHS exposure. The aim of this study was to determine whether a single controlled exposure of humans to SHS increased thrombogenesis. Methods After 6-8 hours fast, subjects (n = 50) were exposed to constant dose SHS (particulate level of 500 μg/m(3)) for 120 minutes in a temperature-regulated and ventilated, simulated bar environment. Blood was drawn before and immediately after SHS exposure for thromboelastography (TEG) and flow cytometry. Maximum clot strength (MA) was measured using TEG and platelet leukocyte aggregates (LPA) were measured as an index of platelet activation. Anti-CD 14 antibodies were used as leukocyte markers and anti-CD 41 antibodies as platelet markers for cytometry. Data were analyzed using students' t test for paired samples. Results There was no effect of acute exposure to SHS on platelet activation or thrombogenesis. Also, intra group (smokers [n = 19] and nonsmokers [n = 31]) comparisons of LPA and TEG parameters did not show changes with SHS exposure. Conclusions While there are abundant data showing enhanced thrombogenesis and platelet activation following repeated exposure to SHS, our study suggests that a single exposure does not appear to significantly alter thrombin kinetics nor result in platelet activation. The effects of SHS on thrombogenesis might be nonlinear.
Coercive Cyberspaces and Governing Internet Futures

This chapter describes how earlier images of cyberspace shaped the Internet’s development and discourses about it, especially the “cyberpunk” science fiction genre and images which viewed Internet freedom as a technologized neoliberal marketplace of ideas, before considering how economics, security, and environmental change are driving Internet futures. Using Google as a case study, the chapter finds that Internet companies shape what Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein call “choice architecture” of online services to push the Internet towards corporate futures and encourage users to behave as predictable consumers. Additionally, the chapter argues that corporate futures constitute a monopolization of creativity evidenced by the recent creation of an alternative system of Internet governance based upon “multistakeholder” principles. The chapter ends by presenting three alternative scenarios for Internet futures based upon these drivers and trends; one in which the primacy of commercial interests construct the Internet as a centralized collection of services, one in which cybersecurity interests drive the Internet towards an aggressively securitized and surveilled system, and one in which environmental change causes the Internet to be regulated as a scarce resource.
12 years review of repair of gastroschisis with autogenous umbilicalcord

[Objective] To review the treatment of repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbilical cord in 12 year and evaluate it's effect. [Methods] 20 newborns who underwent the repair gastroschisis with autogenous umbibicalcord in 1992~2004. 16 cases survived under observed and followed-up, observing phycial growth, intelligence measuring, area of operating in abdomen. [Results] 16 patients recovered uneventfully, survive-rate 80%, their growth were well. [Conclusion] The material is adopted easily in the operating. Autogenous umbibicalcord is elastic tissue and no toxicity could relax the abdominal press effectively after the operation, the survive-rate is high.
Dynamic Simulation of New-type Magnetorheological Fluid Control Unit

Traditional hydraulic control unit exists many disadvantages such as low response time,bad reliability,complex structure,difficult miniaturization,etc.Magnetorheological fluid,as a intellectual fluid,can transform from liquid state to solid state in several millisecond.The transform is controllable and reversible.Using the characteristic of magnetorheological fluid,a new kind of MR fluid control unit,MR servo valve was designed.Its structure characteristics and work principle were introduced.The mathematic model of MR servo valve was modeled and simulation was carried out to analyze the dynamic characteristics.The analysis shows that the system controlled by MR servo valve is prone to achieve quicker response and better stabilization than the traditional hydraulic control unit.It can satisfy the requests of low power and low pressure situation.
Dissociation of brain tissue into viable single neurons in a microfluidic device

A microfluidic technology-based tissue-dissociation device has for the first time been designed, fabricated and characterized for the purpose of primary neuronal cell culture. The system has been utilized for controlled dissociation, under an oscillatory flow field, of freshly explanted, enzyme-treated Drosophila larval central nervous system (CNS) into individual, viable neurons capable of robust outgrowth during in vitro culture. Device dimensions, constriction height and width, and operating conditions, flow-rate amplitude and frequency, have been determined based on video microscopy as well as quantitative analyses of the subsequent neuron-culture results.
Modelling the large-scale redshift-space 3-point correlation function of galaxies

Author(s): Slepian, Z; Eisenstein, DJ | Abstract: We present a configuration-space model of the large-scale galaxy 3-point correlation function (3PCF) based on leading-order perturbation theory and including redshift-space distortions (RSD). This model should be useful in extracting distance-scale information from the 3PCF via the baryon acoustic oscillation method. We include the first redshift-space treatment of biasing by the baryon-dark matter relative velocity. Overall, on large scales the effect of RSD is primarily a renormalization of the 3PCF that is roughly independent of both physical scale and triangle opening angle; for our adoptedm and bias values, the rescaling is a factor of ∼1.8. We also present an efficient scheme for computing 3PCF predictions from our model, important for allowing fast exploration of the space of cosmological parameters in future analyses.
Histone Deacetylase 11 (HDAC11) Interaction with Ikaros Represent a Novel Mechanism of Regulation of Essential Transcriptional Factors in CD4+ T Cells

Histone deacetylase 11 (HDAC11), the most recently identified histone deacetylase, is the sole member of class IV HDACs [1]. Since its discovery, no biological function was assigned to this HDAC until we demonstrated its central role in negatively regulating IL-10 production in antigen presenting cells (APCs) [2]. More recently, we have found that disruption of HDAC11 in T cells is associated with an enhanced pro-inflammatory cytokine profile and effector molecule production. Furthermore, T-cells lacking HDAC11 were less susceptible to regulatory T-cell (Treg) suppression in vitro, were refractory to tolerance induction in vivo and displayed enhanced allo-reactivity and anti-tumor responses in murine models. Of note, T-cells lacking HDAC11 expressed higher levels of the transcription factors Eomes and Tbet. Conversely, overexpression of HDAC11 in T-cells decreased the expression of both transcription factors. The molecular mechanism(s) by which HDAC11 regulates the expression of these transcription factors have remained unknown. By using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay we found that in resting T-cells HDAC11 is present at the Eomes and Tbet gene promoters where it maintains histone deacetylation, a compacted chromatin and gene repression. Following T-cell stimulation, HDAC11 was largely absent from both promoters, which resulted in increased histone 3 (H3) acetylation and gene transcriptional activity. These findings were confirmed in T-cells isolated from HDAC11 knock out (KO) mice which also displayed an increase in H3 acetylation at the Tbet and Eomes gene promoter regions. Conversely, H3 acetylation was decreased in both gene promoters in T-cells overexpressing HDAC11 as compared to empty-vector transfected cells. Given that HDACs do not bind to DNA, we asked next which transcription factor(s) HDAC11 might be associated with, in order to regulate Tbet and Eomes gene transcriptional activity. In prior studies we have found that HDAC11 form a molecular complex with another member of the HDAC family, HDAC6, which physically interacts with the transcription factor, STAT3 in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. However, in T-cells no direct interaction of HDAC11 with STAT3 was detected in either compartment. In contrast, we found for the first time that HDAC11 physically associates with Ikaros (Ikzf1), a member of the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factor family that has been previously implicated in the regulation of T-bet gene expression and IFN-g production in T-cells [3-5]. The protein complex HDAC11-Ikaros was mainly detected in the nuclear compartment and both proteins were present at the T-bet gene promoter. Collectively, these results point to the HDAC11-Ikaros complex as a novel epigenetic mechanism of regulation of Tbet and Eomes, transcription factors that are essential for T cell development and function. Disclosures Woods:BMS: Other: Stock; HDAC11: Patents & Royalties: Patent for targeting HDAC11; Lion Biotech: Other: Stock.
Deeper Arithmetic of Quadratic Forms

Let F be either an algebraic number field or its completion at a prime \(\,v\in{\bold{v}},\) and \((V,\,\varphi)\) a nondegenerate quadratic space over F of dimension \(\,n.\) We then define the characteristic (quaternion) algebra of \((V,\,\varphi)\) as follows.
Exploiting the Marangoni Effect To Initiate Instabilities and Direct the Assembly of Liquid Metal Filaments

Utilization of the Marangoni effect in a liquid metal is investigated, focusing on initiating instabilities to direct material assembly via the Rayleigh–Plateau instability. Thin (2 nm) copper (Cu) films are lithographically patterned onto thick (12 nm) nickel (Ni) strips to induce a surface energy gradient at the maximum wavelength of the filament instability predicted by Rayleigh–Plateau instability analysis. The pattern is irradiated with an 18 ns pulsed laser such that the pattern melts and the resultant Ni–Cu surface tension gradient induces Marangoni flows due to the difference in surface energies. The experimental results, supported by extensive direct numerical simulations, demonstrate that the Marangoni flow exceeds the capillary flow induced by the initial geometry, guiding instabilities such that final nanoparticle location is directed toward the regions of higher surface energy (Ni regions). Our work shows a route for manipulation, by means of the Marangoni effect, to direct the evolution of t...
Effective Anisotropic Properties of Creeping Composites

A recently developed variational principle for estimating the effective properties of nonlinear composites in terms of the corresponding properties of linear composites with the same microstructural distributions of phases is applied to two model anisotropic composite materials. The model materials considered are laminated materials and fibre-reinforced materials, and they correspond in the dilute limit of the inclusion phase to materials reinforced by aligned platelets and fibers, respectively. For simplicity, the power exponent of one of the phases will be taken to be unity corresponding to linear behavior, while the other phase will assumed to satisfy a pure-power creeping law. Both phases will be assumed to be isotropic and incompressible.
Codebook and training sequence assisted beamforming training for MIMO-OFDM systems

In this paper, we propose a beamforming training method in Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) that aims to reduce the beamforming training time and interference between the mobile device and the base station. The proposed beam training scheme utilizes the directional beamforming codebook such as the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) beamforming codebook and the beamforming training sequences throughout the beam training phase. The orthogonal beam training sequence can assist the receiver to mitigate the neighbor transmission point's training beam interference so the receiver can obtain a better effective channel estimation. An estimated effective channel covariance matrix can be feedback to the basestation for the Direction of Departure (DoD) calculation thus it can be used for performing the finer beamforming thus enhancing beam training quality and shorten the beam training time. The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated and compared with solutions in technical literature using simulation.
Longer Waves in Financial Relations: Financial Factors in the More Severe Depressions II

(1995). Longer Waves in Financial Relations: Financial Factors in the More Severe Depressions II. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 83-96.
Disease and Illness from a Biocultural Standpoint

A physican or public health official in a nation state is strongly motivated to interpret an individual’s reports of illness and disease in terms of specific physiologic systems that may be affected and also in terms of etiology, since these parameters usually dictate the mode of treatment or prevention. In orienting to medical information in this way, he or she runs the risk of losing sight of “atypical” manifestations of illness, and indeed of what the illness means to the individual. The health worker’s biomedical model of disease, taken ultimately from textbooks and clinical learning experiences heavily influenced by related frameworks, can be expected to exercise a powerful influence on what he or she looks for and finds during the analysis of a problem. In this sense, medical education or public health training can be seen as the progressive forging of a picture of how a “typical person” functions physiologically and chemically and also how that person is likely to be affected by disease processes that themselves are also “organically” constituted. At the very least, this approach to medical problems progressively deemphasizes the logic and rationale of illness given the patient’s perspective.
Cardiac sarcoidosis: Diagnosis confirmation by bronchoalveolar lavage and lung biopsy.

Abstract Introduction The diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is difficult to ascertain due to the insensitivity of endomyocardial biopsy. Current diagnostic criteria require a positive endomyocardial biopsy or extra-cardiac biopsy with clinical features suggestive of CS. Common tests for diagnosis of pulmonary sarcoidosis include bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung and mediastinal lymph node (MLN) biopsies. Our objective was to determine the diagnostic utility of these tests in patients with suspected CS and without prior history of pulmonary involvement. Methods This retrospective cohort study included 37 patients without history of extra-cardiac sarcoidosis referred for suspected CS. All patients underwent chest computed tomography (CT) staged using the modified Scadding criteria, and had BAL, and/or lung or MLN biopsy. BAL cellular analyses with lymphocytes>15% and/or CD4/CD8 ratio≥ 4 were considered suggestive of sarcoidosis. The number of positive biopsies and BALs were compared between normal CT (Scadding stage 0) and abnormal CT (Scadding stage 1–4) groups. Results A definitive diagnosis of sarcoidosis was ascertained in 18/31 (58%) patients undergoing lung or lymph node biopsy, and a potential diagnosis in 18/27 (67%) patients with BAL CD4/CD8>4 or lymphocytes>15%. Of the 12 patients in the normal CT group, 4/10 (40%) had positive lung biopsies, and 9/12 (75%) patients had either positive biopsy or BAL criteria. Conclusions In suspected cardiac sarcoidosis, a diagnosis of extra-cardiac sarcoidosis was ascertained in a majority of patients irrespective of degree of lung involvement on chest CT. Our results support referral for pulmonary biopsy/bronchoalveolar lavage in suspected CS to confirm the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
Effect of infusion duration on high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) acute kidney injury (AKI).

e22013Background: HDMTX AKI delays MTX excretion and increases the risk for severe systemic toxicity. MTX is thought to crystalize in renal tubules at urine [MTX] above the solubility limit, leadin...
Arterial blood sampling in male CD-1 and C57BL/6J mice with 1% isoflurane is similar to awake mice

Conscious arterial blood sampling is influenced by extraneous factors and is a challenging method due to the small size of mice. Through a series of experiments, we show that arterial blood samplin...
Choice of vehicle affects pyraclostrobin toxicity in mice.

Abstract Pyraclostrobin is a strobilurin fungicide that inhibits mitochondrial complex III of fungal and mammalian cells. In toxicity studies that were used to estimate the safety factor, pyraclostrobin was added to animal feed or to aqueous vehicles. However, foods containing residues of pyraclostrobin and other strobilurin fungicides (azoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, fluoxastrobin) are frequently prepared in vegetable oil prior to human consumption. The primary objective of this study was to determine if pyraclostrobin dissolved in an oil-based vehicle had adverse health outcomes in mice when compared to aqueous-based vehicles. We found that pyraclostrobin does not fully dissolve in aqueous methyl cellulose (MC) or carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), two vehicles used in industry-sponsored toxicity studies, but does fully dissolve in corn oil. Moreover, C57BL/6 mice receiving pyraclostrobin in corn oil displayed adverse health outcomes, including loss of body weight, hypothermia and diarrhea at lower doses than when added to feed or to aqueous vehicles. Our data suggest that previous studies underestimated the true toxicity of pyraclostrobin in mammals. Additional toxicity tests using oil-based vehicles are recommended to verify current safety recommendations for strobilurin fungicides.
Outcome of invasive mechanical ventilation in cancer patients: Intubate or not to intubate a patient with cancer.

Abstract Purpose The outcome of cancer patients who undergo mechanical ventilation has been grim. However, it has lately become more promising, creating hesitation when approaching the decision to intubate a cancer patient. Therefore, the main goal was to find some factors that could predict mortality. Material and methods Studies were selected on the basis of their information wholeness, the year done, patients' number, participating country, underlying hematological or nonhematological malignancies, ventilation duration, ICU survival, hospital survival, long term survival, disease activity, and other contributing factors. Results Twenty-two studies were included which accrued 3115 patients. The average ICU survival was 32.4%, and long-term survival was 10.2%. Over the years, the outcome of cancer patients undergoing mechanical ventilation has improved. The most important predicting factors are: The respiratory failure etiology, the performance status, the disease activity, and the SOFA score. Conclusions The aforementioned predicting factors could be used when approaching the decision to intubate. When in doubt, we should give the benefit to the patient, proceed to intubate and reevaluate progress daily and in doing so, we would suggest to use the trends in SOFA score and weaning index to assess success or failure of invasive mechanical ventilation.
Not Too Young to Run? Age requirements and young people in elected office

Promoting youth representation in parliaments is a growing global priority. To promote youth leadership and more inclusive politics, youth organizations in Nigeria mobilized successfully for a constitutional reform to lower the eligibility age to run for political office. In this paper, we draw on global data to assess whether lower eligibility ages will in fact lead to higher levels of youth participation. We find that lower age requirements positively affect the representation of the youngest and next youngest cohorts in parliament. We draw on qualitative interviews and gender literature to theorize that lower age limits have immediate and longer-term “mobilizing effects”, shifting the calculations of potential candidates in terms of the age at which they first decide to run for office.
A Portrait of Marginality in Sport and Education: Toward a Theory of Intersectionality and Raced-Gendered Experiences for Black Female College Athletes

Scholarship focused on Black female athletes has recently grown and has important implications for all sport and education scholars. Said scholars have sought to wed critical race theory (CRT) with...
Intrahousehold Bargaining, Female Autonomy, and Labor Supply: Theory and Evidence from India

Standard models of labor supply predict that unearned income decreases labor supply. We propose an alternative noncooperative household model in which a woman’s unearned income improves her autonomy within the household, which raises her gains from working and can increase her labor supply. We find empirical support for this model, using women’s exposure to the Hindu Succession Act in India as a source of exogenous variation in their unearned income. Exposure to the Hindu Succession Act increases a woman’s labor supply by between 3.8 and 6.1 percentage points, particularly into high-paying jobs. Autonomy increased by 0.17 standard deviations, suggesting that control of income is a potential channel for these effects. Thus, policies that empower women can have an additional impact on the labor market, which can further reinforce autonomy increases.
Classical invariant theory

There has been a resurgence of interest in classical invariant theory driven by several factors: new theoretical developments; a revival of computational methods coupled with powerful new computer algebra packages; and a wealth of new applications, ranging from number theory to geometry, physics to computer vision. This book provides readers with a self-contained introduction to the classical theory as well as modern developments and applications. The text concentrates on the study of binary forms (polynomials) in characteristic zero, and uses analytical as well as algebraic tools to study and classify invariants, symmetry, equivalence and canonical forms. It also includes a variety of innovations that make this text of interest even to veterans of the subject. Aimed at advanced undergraduate and graduate students the book includes many exercises and historical details, complete proofs of the fundamental theorems, and a lively and provocative exposition.