cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ontological anthropology and the deferral of critique

What does ontological anthropology promise, what does it presume, and how does it contribute to the formatting of life in our present? Drawing from our respective fieldwork on how Indigenous alterity is coenvisioned and how the lively materiality of hydrocarbons is recognized, we develop an ethnographic and theoretical critique of ontological anthropology. This essay, then, provides an empirical counterweight to what the ontological turn celebrates of Native worlds and what it rejects of modernity. In it, we examine the methodological and conceptual investments of ontological anthropology. The figure of the ontological as commonly invoked, we argue, often narrows the areas of legitimate concern and widens the scope of acceptable disregard within social research. We chart how this paradigm's analytical focus on the future redefines the coordinates of the political as well as anthropology's relation to critique. Finally, we formulate three conceptual theses that encapsulate our criticism and open this discussion to further debate.
Time Series Analysis for Psychological Research

Time series analysis is a statistical methodology appropriate for longitudinal research designs that involve single subjects that are measured repeatedly at regular intervals over a large number of observations. The focus is on within-person variability rather than between-person variability. A time series analysis can investigate the underlying naturalistic process, the pattern of change over time, or evaluate the effects of either a planned or unplanned intervention. Advances in information systems technology are making make time series designs an increasingly feasible method for studying important psychological phenomena. The unique characteristic of all time series designs is the presence of serial dependency in the data. Beyond describing the basic model and applications, this chapter examines issues such as generalization, cyclic or seasonal data, the problem of missing data, and new methods of measurement. Traditional univariate time series analysis is extended to procedures that allow for multivariate time series analysis, including the role of covariates, modeling within a structural equation modeling format, and the patterns of intra-individual differences across time within a dynamic factor analysis model. The methods described in this chapter represent a unique series of methods that can address a new set of research questions. Keywords: time series analysis; dynamic factor analysis; idiographic methods; serial dependency
The human apolipoprotein A-II gene: complete nucleic acid sequence and genomic organization

The gene for human apolipoprotein (apo) A-II has been isolated from a human genomic DNA library. The cloned fragment was approximately 14 kilobase-pair (kb) long, and extended about 9.0 kb upstream as well as 3.5 kb downstream from the apoA-II gene, which was contained within a 3.1 kb HindIII fragment of human DNA. The complete nucleic acid sequence of the apoA-II gene has been determined, establishing that the apoA-II gene is interrupted by three intervening sequences of 182, 293, and 395 bp. The second intron is of particular interest, because it contains a 33 bp sequence of alternating G and T residues very close to the 3' splice site which has the potential to form a left handed Z-helix structure in vivo. A restriction fragment length polymorphism 3' from the apoA-II gene has been detected which may serve as a marker for the long arm of chromosome 1 in linkage analyses.
A kinetic model for methanol conversion to hydrocarbons

Abstract A phenomenological kinetic model is developed which describes the reaction path for methanol conversion to hydrocarbons over ZSM-5 class zeolites. The model correctly predicts conversion and selectivities over a wide range of pressure.
Probing Selected Morphological Models of Hydrated Nafion Using Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Atomistic molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study hydrated Nafion systems large enough (∼2 million atoms, ∼30 nm box length) to directly observe several hydrophilic domains at the molecular level. These systems consisted of six of the most significant and relevant morphological models of Nafion to-date: (1) the cluster−channel model, (2) the parallel cylinder model, (3) the local order model, (4) the lamellar model, (5) the rod network model, and (6) a “random” model that does not directly assume any particular geometry, distribution, or morphology. Each system was initially built to closely approximate the proposed hydrophilic cluster structure in a given model. Molecular dynamics simulations were then used to observe resulting changes from and behavior of the assumed initial configurations. These simulations revealed fast intercluster “bridge” formation and network percolation in all models. Sulfonate groups were found inside these bridges and played a significant role in percolation. Sul...
Artificial neural network based design for dual lateral well applications

Abstract As the utilization of the natural gas all over the world has been increased, it has become more important to increase the gas production worldwide. Accordingly, many efforts have been expended to improve the production techniques such as using multi-lateral well techniques, which are capable to accomplish higher production rates. The utilization of the multi-lateral well techniques increases the cumulative fluid recovery, decreases the environmental impacts and decreases the drilling and completion costs. The objective of this work is to generate artificial neural network tools that are capable of providing the necessary knowledge to evaluate the utilization of dual horizontal well technique in tight gas reservoirs. The predicted data include flow rate profile, gas recovery profile, dual horizontal well configuration and pattern size. Two artificial neural networks, forward and inverse, were developed to achieve the main objective. The forward ANN was developed to predict the flow rate and the gas recovery profiles for the chosen dual horizontal well configuration and pattern size over a specified production period of 50 years. The inverse ANN was developed to predict the dual horizontal well configuration and pattern size that can be used to achieve a desired gas recovery over a specified production period of 50 years. The Monte Carlo simulation has been implemented to quantify the probability of meeting the desired recovery. The ANNs were trained, validated and tested using the training data generated by a commercial simulator. The developed forward tool was tested and gave a mean square error of 7.5%, while the inverse tool was tested yielding a mean square error of 9.8%. The developed tools are capable of comparing thousands of different input combinations in a much more rapid manner as compared to commercial simulator.
The role of the triplet state in the electrochemiluminescence of rubrene

Abstract Electroluminescence was obtained under conditions where the energy of the reaction was clearly insufficient to produce rubrene in the excited singlet state. These reactions involved rubrene radical-anions and an acceptor of less positive potential than the rubrene cation, as well as the corresponding case of rubrene radical-cations and donors. Triplet—triplet annihilation can provide sufficient energy to form the excited singlet state. The triplet state appears to be involved in the reaction of rubrene radical-cations and radical-anions as noted by analysis of emitted-light/time curves from which evidence for triplet quenching is evident.
Letters from a suicide: Van Gogh and his sister

An analysis of trends over a 3-yr. period in the letters of Vincent Van Gogh to his sister as the time of his suicide approached identified 8 trends, including an increase in words concerned with anxiety and words concerned with the past.
The adrenal cortex and the regulation of water exchange during food deprivation.

Rats deprived of food but allowed water show an increased urine volume with a high spontaneous water intake. Adrenalectomized rats maintained with deoxycorticosterone acetate and deprived of food void a significantly lower volume of a more concentrated urine and have about half the water intake of deprived controls. The adrenalectomized rats, with this lower water turnover, show the same body weight changes and eliminate the same total solute load as the deprived controls. These results suggest that the spontaneous responses of the adrenal cortex to food deprivation affect water exchange by influencing the regulation of water intake. (Endocrinology 80: 835, 1967)
Elimination of trace endotoxin protein from rough chemotype LPS

The phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether (PCP) extraction is the method of choice for isolating LPS chemotypes from rough mutant bacteria. However, we have observed that a high percentage of PCP-purified LPS preparations contain trace levels of protein contaminants, and these protein contaminants may exhibit endotoxin-like activity. To obtain protein-free rough LPS, a modified phenol-water extraction procedure was developed for use as a final step to follow PCP extraction. Using this procedure, Salmonella minnesota Ra, Rc, Rd and Re LPS were recovered in yields of 82-100% from the original PCP-extracted preparations. Yields were determined by recovery of KDO and supported by analysis of silver stained SDS-PAGE gels. Although the original PCP-purified chemotypes were contaminated by major 41, 38.5, 29.5, 23, 17 and 14 kDa proteins (detected by Western blotting and gold staining), the repurified LPS contained no detectable protein. The repurified LPS retained all of its original bioactivity as defined by the a...
Watching Electrons Move in Real Time: Ultrafast Infrared Spectroscopy of a Polymer Blend Photovoltaic Material

The dynamics of photoinduced charge separation and the motion of the resulting electrons are examined in an organic photovoltaic material with a combination of ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2D IR) and visible pump−infrared probe (Vis-IR) spectroscopy. The carbonyl (CO) stretch of the butyric acid methyl ester group of a functionalized fullerene, PCBM, is probed as a local vibrational reporter of the dynamics in a blend of the fullerene with a conjugated polymer, CN-MEH-PPV. Charge transfer occurs preferentially at the interfaces between the roughly spherical domains of fullerene molecules and the polymer. Comparison of the Vis-IR and 2D IR spectra reveals that the fullerene molecules at the interfaces of the domains possess higher frequency carbonyl vibrational modes, while molecules in the centers of the domains have lower frequency modes relative to the center of the transition. The correlation between the frequency of a carbonyl mode and the spatial position of its host fullerene molecule provide...
Homage to Atlantic City

In this article, I reflect on the unique value for the societies of academic internal medicine of their annual spring meetings that were held in Atlantic City for two generations prior to 1977 and consider whether lessons remain from those past experiences.
Measuring health-related quality of life in children with heart disease

This study tested an instrument for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQL) in children with heart disease. HRQL was measured using the New York University Children's Heart Health Survey in a sample of 0- to 20-year-old subjects with heart disease compared with a control group. Heart disease was associated with impairment on all subscales except psychological function. Adolescent self-reports did not differ significantly between the cardiac group and healthy controls in any of the subscales. This instrument may be useful in assessing the impact of various treatment strategies in this population.
What Makes Glory Glorious? Reading Luke’s Account of the Transfiguration Over Against Triumphalism

A literary-critical analysis of narrative voice(s) in Luke’s account of the Trans-figuration leads to a reading over against triumphalism. Historical-critical readings of this passage view its tandem visions as mutually reinforcing a triumphal view of Jesus. This article puts forward a reading of these visions as, instead, antithetical. In this alternative reading, the epiphany of the transfigured Jesus is an inappropriate vision of the glory of the Messiah Jesus. Luke’s version sees messianic glory not as exaltation, but as humiliation. This is shown by reading the Transfiguration as the culmination of three themes: Jesus’ identity, ‘hearing’ Jesus and the ‘glory’ to be fulfilled in Jesus. The first two themes come to clear conclusions in the Transfigu-ration. However, the third refuses to be held by the visions, and the story forces us to the remaining pericopes of ch. 9 for an answer to the question of what makes glory glorious.
Separation of Conjoined Twins with the Twin Reversed-Arterial-Perfusion Sequence after Prenatal Planning with Three-Dimensional Modeling

There are two congenital anomalies specific to multifetal pregnancies: twin reversed-arterial-perfusion sequence and conjoined twinning. The twin reversed-arterial-perfusion sequence is a rare complication of monozygous twinning in which one fetus (the “pump” twin) perfuses the other fetus (the “perfused” twin), resulting in reversed flow in the umbilical vessels and multiple structural anomalies, including acardia, in the perfused twin.1 It occurs in fewer than 1 percent of pregnancies with monozygous twins and in about 1 in 35,000 births overall.2,3 Conjoined twinning occurs as a result of incomplete duplication of a single blastocyst during the process of monozygotic twinning.4 It is . . .
“The World Changed Today”: Agenda‐Setting and Policy Change in the Wake of the September 11 Terrorist Attacks

"Focusing events" are those happenings, such as the September 11 terrorist attacks, that focus attention on a range of related issues. The literature on focusing events, policy change and the policy process suggests that the windows of opportunity opened by focusing events like the September 11 attacks do not automatically equate to policy change. This paper considers whether and to what extent the agenda and polices have changed as a result of the attacks. Findings suggest that, while the events of September 11 provided the impetus for change, the threat of terrorism was already well established in the policy stream. September 11 only threw open the window of opportunity for policy change based, in large part, on preexisting ideas; many of these ideas were enacted as a result. In the case of aviation security, the key regulatory agency has taken actions, including the strengthening of cockpit security, directly triggered by the event. There is also evidence that some instrumental policy learning has resulted from the September 11 attacks, including a commission to investigate the reason why the attacks were successful. Findings also show some organizational change that could be the result of instrumental learning has occurred, such as the creation of the Transportation Security Agency and the combination of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's and Central Intelligence Agency's counterterrorism functions.
Neurodevelopmental Effects of Fetal Antiepileptic Drug Exposure

Many studies investigating cognitive outcomes in children of women with epilepsy report an increased risk of mental impairment. Verbal scores on neuropsychometric measures may be selectively more involved. While a variety of factors contribute to the cognitive problems of children of women with epilepsy, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) appear to play a major role. The mechanisms by which AEDs affect neurodevelopmental outcomes remain poorly defined. Animal models suggest that AED-induced apoptosis, altered neurotransmitter environment, and impaired synaptogenesis are some of the mechanisms responsible for cognitive and behavioral teratogenesis. AEDs that are known to induce apoptosis, such as valproate, appear to affect children’s neurodevelopment in a more severe fashion. Fetal valproate exposure has dose-dependent associations with reduced cognitive abilities across a range of domains, and these appear to persist at least until the age of 6. Some studies have shown neurodevelopmental deficiencies associated with the use of phenobarbital and possibly phenytoin. So far, most of the investigations available suggest that fetal exposures to lamotrigine or levetiracetam are safer with regard to cognition when compared with other AEDs. Studies on carbamazepine show contradictory results, but most information available suggests that major poor cognitive outcomes should not be attributed to this medication. Overall, children exposed to polytherapy prenatally appear to have worse cognitive and behavioral outcomes compared with children exposed to monotherapy, and with the unexposed. There is an increase risk of neurodevelopmental deficits when polytherapy involves the use of valproate versus other agents.
Facilitated attentional disengagement from hair-related cues among individuals diagnosed with trichotillomania: An investigation based on the exogenous cueing paradigm

Abstract Trichotillomania (TTM) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent hair pulling that results in noticeable hair loss and significant functional impairment. One potentially important but unstudied area of research is biased attentional processing among individuals with TTM. This study sought to examine the nature of attentional processing towards hair cues among individuals with TTM. Individuals with TTM (n=13) and non-clinical individuals without TTM (n=20) were compared, using an exogenous cueing task that presented hair cues, general threat cues, and neutral cues at three varying stimulus durations (i.e., 250 ms, 500 ms, and 1500 ms). Results revealed that individuals with TTM showed enhanced attentional disengagement from hair cues at later stages of attentional processing (i.e., 1500 ms), but not at earlier stages of attentional processing (i.e., 250 ms and 500 ms). Further, the magnitude of attentional avoidance from hair cues was significantly associated with TTM severity, but not with the level of general depression and anxiety. TTM seems to be characterized by attentional avoidance from hair cues, which may reflect the individual's effort to down-regulate negative emotions associated with the pulling-related cues. Further research in this area is expected to add to an understanding of TTM's maintaining factors and contribute to developing effective cognitive interventions for this disorder.
The Effect of Surface Flaws on SiC Fiber Strength in an SiC/Ti-Alloy Composite

The strength distribution of SiC fibers has been measured after chemical extraction from a titanium-alloy matrix composite both in the as-consolidated state and after heat-treatment at 950°C for 430 hours. The strength and fracture mode of fibers extracted from the as-consolidated composite was comparable to that of virgin fiber. However, fibers from the heat-treated composite demonstrated lower tensile strength and fractured from surface flaws created by chemical reaction between the fiber and matrix. A fracture mechanics analysis of the relationship between the size of these surface flaws and fiber tensile strength enabled the calculation of the fiber fracture toughness (2.2 MN V4). The validity of this toughness value for internally-initiated tensile failures was verified by comparison of observed and predicted flaw sizes.
Implementation of framework to identify potential phishing websites

Recently, one of the great threats of spam related activities is that of phishing, which directs users to enter credential information at a malicious website whose visual look is almost identical to the trustworthy one. In this paper, we propose and develop a framework for a web-based, automated application to identify potential phishing websites. The advantage of the proposed application comes from comprehensively inspecting the URL format, validation of the URL content, and fingerprint of the requested website.
Moral Judgment Development of College Students.

In recent years, psychologists and educators have shown increased interest in the moral development of college students. Kohlberg and Rest discuss a six-stage model of moral judgment development that has generated considerable research. The findings have raised several issues regarding the relevance of attitudes, traits, and experiences in understanding the moral judgment development of students. This study examines the differential impact of (1) college experiences, (2) attribution beliefs and attitudes about punitiveness, (3) educational and academic characteristics, and (4) freshmen level of moral judgment development on the level of moral development of upper-division students, who as freshmen were classified as having either low or high levels of moral reasoning. For freshmen with low moral reasoning scores, their upper-division level of moral judgment development was significantly related to their causal attribution beliefs regarding personal responsibility. For those freshmen with high moral reasoning scores, their initial level of moral reasoning was the most significant factor related to their upper-division level of moral judgment development. For these students, participation in extracurricular activities was negatively related to upper-division moral reasoning scores. The more they had participated in extracurricular activities, the lower their upper-division moral reasoning scores.
Subclinical Effects of Smoking: Physiologic Comparison of Healthy Middle-aged Smokers and Nonsmokers and Interrelationships of Lung Function Measurements

Measurements of ventilatory function, distribution of ventilation, diffusing capacity, and lung mechanics were made on healthy middle-aged smokers and nonsmokers drawn from a randomly selected population in order to assess the effects of cigarette smoking and the interrelationships of the several indices of lung function. Although very few subjects had abnormal function, there were significant differences in most indices of function between smokers and nonsmokers. For the total group studied, there were significant correlations between various indices of function. A significant proportion of the variance in diffusing capacity and in diffusing capacity per liter of lung volume can be accounted for by an index of lung recoil which may, in turn, be related to size of terminal air spaces.
Platelet-derived growth factor and its role in health and disease

Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) was first discovered in platelets because they are the principal source of mitogenic activity in whole blood serum for mesenchymal cells in culture. PDGF is ubiquitous in that it can be formed by a large number of normal cells as well as many varieties of transformed cells. However, its expression and biological activity appear to be controlled at a number of different levels. The molecule consists of two peptide chains (termed 'A' and 'B') and is found as one of at least three possible isoforms, (AB, AA or BB). Each of these isoforms binds to a high-affinity cell-surface receptor that is composed of two different subunits, each of which has specificity for one or the other of the peptide chains of PDGF. The two receptor subunits are present in differing amounts on different cell types, and therefore the capacity of the different isoforms of PDGF to induce mitogenesis depends on the specific PDGF isoform and the relative numbers of receptor subunits present on the responding cell. In addition to inducing cell replication, PDGF elicits a number of intracellular signals related to mitogenesis, is chemotactic, is a vasoconstrictor, activates leukocytes, and modulates extracellular matrix turnover. This growth factor is probably involved in a number of biologically important events including wound repair, embryogenesis and development, and inflammation, leading to fibrosis, atherosclerosis and neoplasia.
Dietary Supplementation of Selenium in Inorganic and Organic Forms Differentially and Commonly Alters Blood and Liver Selenium Concentrations and Liver Gene Expression Profiles of Growing Beef Heifers

In geographic regions where selenium (Se) soil concentrations are naturally low, the addition of Se to animal feed is necessary. Even though it is known that Se in grass and forage crops is primarily present in organic forms (especially as L-selenomethionine, L-selenocystine, and L-selenocystathionine), the feeding of Se in the naturally occurring organic selenium (OSe) compounds produces higher blood and tissue Se levels than the inorganic Se (ISe) salts, and that animal metabolism of OSe and ISe is fundamentally different. Se is commonly added in inorganic form as sodium selenite to cattle feeds because it is a less expensive source of supplemental Se then are OSe forms. A trial was conducted with growing cattle to determine if the addition of OSe versus ISe forms of Se in beef cattle feed produces differences in hepatic gene expression, thereby gaining insight into the metabolic consequence of feeding OSe versus ISe. Thirty maturing Angus heifers (261 ± 6 days) were fed a corn silage-based diet with no Se supplementation for 75 days. Heifers (body weight = 393 ± 9 kg) then were randomly assigned (n = 10) and fed Se supplements that contained none (control) or 3 mg Se/day in ISe (sodium selenite) or OSe (Sel-Plex®) form and enough of a common cracked corn/cottonseed hull-based diet (0.48 mg Se/day) to support 0.5 kg/day growth for 105 or 106 days. More Se was found in jugular whole blood and red blood cells and biopsied liver tissue of ISe and OSe treatment animals than control animals, and OSe animals contained more Se in these tissues than did ISe. Microarray and bioinformatic analyses of liver tissue gene expression revealed that the content of at least 80 mRNA were affected by ISe or OSe treatments, including mRNA associated with nutrient metabolism; cellular growth, proliferation, and immune response; cell communication or signaling; and tissue/organ development and function. Overall, three Se supplement-dependent gene groups were identified: ISe-dependent, OSe-dependent, and Se form-independent. More specifically, both forms of supplementation appeared to upregulate mitochondrial gene expression capacity, whereas gene expression of a protein involved in antiviral capacity was downregulated in ISe-supplemented animals, and OSe-supplemented animals had reduced levels of mRNA encoding proteins known to be upregulated during oxidative stress and cancerous states.
Displacement and timing along the northern strand of the Altyn Tagh fault zone, Northern Tibet

Abstract The northern strand of the Altyn Tagh fault has a late Cenozoic left-slip offset of 69–90 km near its northeastern end. Deformation began in this area as early as the Oligocene but left-slip displacement may be mainly of Middle Miocene to Recent age. Because the Altyn Tagh fault zone transfers strike-slip displacement into shortening in the Qilian Shan, the total offset changes along the fault, but the magnitude of displacement along this part of the fault zone suggests that only small-scale eastward movement of crustal rocks occurred in this part of the Tibetan plateau during the late Cenozoic.
Huge Benign Ovarian Cystic Teratoma in a Patient with a History of Hansen's Disease.

Mature ovarian cystic teratomas are common benign ovarian neoplasm derived from germ cells. With increasing availability of ultrasound services even in developing countries, the diagnosis of benign ovarian tumour is made earlier and the size of the ovarian tumour at diagnosis is relatively small. It is unusual to find an ovarian cystic teratoma larger than 10 cm. We report a huge mature ovarian cystic teratoma in a multipara with a history of Hansen’s disease. We conclude that, in circumstances where women have restricted access to health care, the unusual finding of mature ovarian cystic teratoma larger than 10 cm is possible due to delayed presentation for diagnosis and treatment.
Short- and Long-Term Results with an Active-Fixation, Bipolar, Polyurethane-Insulated Atrial Pacing Lead

Since 1989, 136 Medtronic 4058 and 4058M bipolar atrial screw-in leads have been implanted at the Mayo Clinic. Early lead related complications included dislodgment in 4 (2.9%). Over a median follow-up time of 14.4 months (1 day to 3.3 years), there were 11 lead related complications (undersensing, failure to capture, diaphragmatic pacing, and gross lead dislodgment). Chronic complications resulted in reoperations in four patients (2.9%). Of 77 patients in whom pacing thresholds were measured between 2 and 4 months after implantation, 9 (11.7%) and 2 (2.6%) had high pacing thresholds and very high thresholds, respectively. The Kaplan-Meier estimate of the probability of 1-year complication-free lead survival was 93.5%. There were no lead material failures. We conclude that the 4058/4058M lead implanted in the atrial position has favorable acute and chronic performance data, with a tendency toward high pacing thresholds at 3 months. The cause of this phenomenon and its course over time should be further evaluated.
Mass spectrometry of acoustically levitated droplets.

Containerless sample handling techniques such as acoustic levitation offer potential advantages for mass spectrometry, by eliminating surfaces where undesired adsorption/desorption processes can occur. In addition, they provide a unique opportunity to study fundamental aspects of the ionization process as well as phenomena occurring at the air−droplet interface. Realizing these advantages is contingent, however, upon being able to effectively interface levitated droplets with a mass spectrometer, a challenging task that is addressed in this report. We have employed a newly developed charge and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (CALDI) technique to obtain mass spectra from a 5-μL acoustically levitated droplet containing peptides and an ionic matrix. A four-ring electrostatic lens is used in conjunction with a corona needle to produce bursts of corona ions and to direct those ions toward the droplet, resulting in droplet charging. Analyte ions are produced from the droplet by a 337-nm laser pulse...
Thyroid hormones selectively regulate the posttranslational processing of prothyrotropin-releasing hormone in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus.

Over the last few years, our laboratory has demonstrated that different physiological conditions or stressors affect the posttranslational processing of hypophysiotropic and nonhypophysiotropic proTRH and, consequently, the output of TRH and other proTRH-derived peptides. These alterations in proTRH processing are generally associated with parallel changes in the levels of two members of the family of prohormone convertases 1/3 and 2 (PC1/3 and PC2). An important regulator of proTRH is thyroid hormone, which is the peripheral end product of the hypothalamic (TRH)-pituitary (TSH)-thyroid (T3/4) (HPT) axis. In this study we investigated the effect of thyroid status on the processing of proTRH inside and outside the HPT axis. Our data showed that high levels of thyroid hormone down-regulated PC1/3 and PC2 and TRH synthesis, which led to an accumulation of intermediate forms of proTRH processing. Conversely, low levels of thyroid hormone up-regulated proTRH synthesis and PC1/3 and PC2 levels. Control of the a...
Reaction of Cp*(CO)2ReRe(CO)2Cp* in THF with diethyl fumarate produces Cp*Re(CO)3 and Cp*Re(CO)(η2-(E)-EtO2CCHCHCO2Et)(THF)

Abstract The rhenium dimer complex Cp*(CO)2ReRe(CO)2Cp* (1) (Cp*=C5Me5) reacted in THF with diethyl fumarate in a fragmentation reaction to form Cp*Re(CO)3 (3) and Cp*Re(CO)(η2-(E)-EtO2CCHCHCO2Et)(THF) (6). Reaction of 6 with CO resulted in substitution of the THF ligand with CO to form the alkene complex Cp*Re(CO)2(η2-(E)-EtO2CCHCHCO2Et) (7). Variable temperature 1H-NMR spectroscopy of 7 showed that rotation of the alkene ligand is slow below −50°C.
ANAESTHESIA FOR MAJOR SURGERY IN A PATIENT WITH A TRANSPLANTED HEART

A 29-year-old male presented for elective hip replacement surgery 26 months after cardiac transplantation. The principles involved in the anaesthetic management of this patient include sterile management of the airway, maintenance of an adequate intravascular volume, and immediate detection and treatment of hypotension and arrhythmia should they occur. The patient made a good recovery from both anaesthesia and operation.
Root-Pressure as a Factor in the Rise of Sap*

THE history of our observations and theories—one can scarcely say our ‘knowledge’— concerning the movement of sap in plants has been a rather tortuous one. Beginning with the ‘vital’ explanations of Hales1 and Knight2, in which the living cells were presumed to be the agents largely responsible for sap movement, our concepts have run the entire gamut to the ‘mechanical’ explanations of Dixon and Joly3 and Askenazy4 in which living cells were presumed to take no part in, or even to hinder, the movement of sap. TheDixon-Askenazy scheme is the one generally considered to-day to furnish the most satisfactory explanation of sap movement, while ‘root-pressure’, first observed by Hales in 1727, is looked upon as a transitory phenomenon, involving negligible forces (maximum value recorded, about 1·5 atm.), the occurrence of which in uninjured plants was subjected to doubt by Molisch5, and hence probably unimportant.
Localization, Hybridization, and Coupling of Plasmon Resonances in an Aluminum Nanomatryushka

In this study, we investigate the plasmon response of two concentric aluminum (Al) nanoshells as a nanomatryushka unit to introduce a novel compositional structure that has a strong potential to employ in designing practical nanoscale plasmonic devices. Herein, we employed Al nanoshells with a coverage of oxide (Al2O3) layer with certain and homogenous size of thickness in inner and outer sides. Using plasmon hybridization theory and finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method as numerical model, we calculated and sketched the optical response and energy level diagram for the studied structure. Strong plasmon resonances are reported in the UV and visible wavelengths that can be supported efficiently by using the proposed nanomatryushka unit composed of Al/Al2O3 on a SiO2 surface. Utilizing presented nanomatryushka in designing an artificial dimer configuration, the possibility of appearing of dark modes and formation of Fano resonances in such a symmetric structure in the UV and visible spectra are verified numerically. Immersing the presented dimer in various liquids with different refractive indices, the behavior of Fano dip is investigated and corresponding figure of merit (FoM) is quantified based on the plasmon resonance energy shifts over the refractive index variations. This understating opens novel avenues to obtain sharp and deep Fano resonances in simple and low-cost structures that have strong potentials in fabrication of biochemical sensors, superlensing, and biological agents.
False-positive elimination for computer-aided detection of pulmonary micronodules

Computed Tomography (CT) is generally accepted as the most sensitive way for lung cancer screening. Its high contrast resolution allows the detection of small nodules and, thus, lung cancer at a very early stage. Due to the amount of data it produces, however, automating the nodule detection process is viable. The challenging problem for any nodule detection system is to keep low false-positive detection rate while maintaining high sensitivity. In this paper, we first describe a 3D filter-based method for pulmonary micronodule detection from high-resolution 3D chest CT images. Then, we propose a false-positive elimination method based on a deformable model. Finally, we present promising results of applying our method to various clinical chest CT datasets with over 90% detection rate. The proposed method focuses on the automatic detection of both calcified (high-contrast) and noncalcified (low-contrast) granulomatous nodules less than 5mm in diameter.
‘High Time’ for Noninvasive Assessment of Regional Ventricular Diastolic Ischemic Dysfunction

Two-dimensional (2D) tomographic images of the heart first were obtained by ultrasound about 20 years ago. The equipment has been improved gradually, Doppler analysis has been added, and the technique has been accepted widely within the last 10 years. Echocardiographic imaging is used to assess ischemic heart disease by displaying the segmental wall motion abnormalities of acute myocardial infarction, chronic wall motion abnormalities from chronic ischemia or prior infarction, and stress-induced wall motion abnormalities, as well as complications of this condition such as ventricular thrombi, postinfarction ventricular septal defect, ventricular remodeling, and aneurysm formation. The initial diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) now is confirmed commonly by stress echocardiography. Deterioration or lack of the expected improvement in systolic wall motion after exercise or during pharmacological stress, compared with the resting images, labels the patient as having coronary stenosis.1 Stress echocardiography usually is not analyzed quantitatively. Very experienced expert interpreters are quite accurate in recognizing CAD with this “quantitative” technique with sensitivities exceeding 80% and specificities approximately 90%. Those less expert in the technique do not achieve such good results.2 Various approaches to quantitative analysis of echocardiographic images have been attempted to standardize the interpretation of the images, using computer measurement of wall motion.3 4 The goal is to provide the equivalent of expert interpretation to those who are less experienced, usually for recognition of patients with ischemic heart disease. Abnormalities of ventricular filling and of myocardial relaxation are sensitive early signs of myocardial ischemia in acute experiments in animals and humans. It is reasonable to assume that good quantitative analysis methods should detect differences between ischemic and nonischemic myocardium very accurately. However, myocardial relaxation and ventricular filling are complex processes, and their analysis in vivo has been a challenge.5 6 7 8 Nishimura et al7 …
Lipid Lowering Therapy with Combination of Niacin and Statin in Women: Age-Related Endothelial Effects

Background. Many women remain at risk for cardiac events despite treatment to reduce low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). We hypothesized that for postmenopausal women treated with niacin in addition to statin vascular function will improve. Methods. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 16 weeks of niacin (N) versus placebo (PL) in 43 women (mean age, years) previously on statin therapy. Study outcomes included lipoprotein levels, vascular inflammation assessed by high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and endothelial function, assessed as brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD). Results. The N group significantly increased HDL-C and decreased LDL-C cholesterol relative to PL (both ). FMD improved in both groups () irrespective of niacin (). Age influenced change in FMD () such that improved FMD (before to after) with lipid lowering therapy was greater with older age ( Pearson correlation = 0.34), independent of treatment group. Conclusions. Lipid lowering therapy with combination of niacin and statin does not improve inflammation or endothelial function compared to statin alone. However, older women demonstrate relatively greater endothelial benefit of lipid lowering therapy over 4 months. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00590629.
Arthroscopic evaluation of scaphoid waist fracture stability and the role of the radioscaphocapitate ligament.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this article is to arthroscopically evaluate the effect of forearm rotation on scaphoid fracture displacement and the impact of intra-articular ligament sectioning. Type of study Controlled laboratory study. Methods Scaphoid fracture stability is studied arthroscopically in 10 cadaveric upper limbs. Displacement of the osteotomized scaphoid with and without forearm rotation is arthroscopically evaluated before and after radioscaphocapitate (RSC) ligament sectioning. Results No rotation at the fracture site was identified in full pronation and full supination with the wrist immobilized. With the RSC ligament intact, no immobilization, and the wrist fully pronated, 25% of scaphoid fractures rotated less than 1 mm, 62.5% rotated 1 to 2 mm, and 12.5% rotated more than 2 mm. After sectioning the RSC ligament, the fully pronated wrist resulted in rotation of less than 1 mm in 75% and 1 to 2 mm in 25%. No rotation at the fracture site was seen with supination, with or without immobilization. No difference was found between loaded and unloaded trials. Conclusions Based on this observational data, it appears safe to use a below-elbow thumb spica cast in the treatment of minimally displaced scaphoid waist fractures. Sectioning of the RSC ligament resulted in reduced amount of rotation at the scaphoid waist fracture; thus the RSC ligament may be a deforming force rather than a stabilizing force in scaphoid waist fractures. Arthroscopy may be a valuable tool in the study of the effect of ligament sectioning on fracture stability.
Sinful Indulgences, Soft Substitutes, and Self-Control

For several harmful goods (e.g., junk food and cigarettes), less-harmful subsitutes are available (e.g., light cigarettes and reduced-fat junk food). We develop a simple individual-decision model to analyze the effects of less-harmful subsitutes on consumption and health outcomes.
Versatile synthesis and micropatterning of nonfouling polymer brushes on the wafer scale

In this article, the authors describe new approaches to synthesize and pattern surfaces with poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl methacrylate] (POEGMA) polymer brushes synthesized by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. These patterned coatings confer “nonfouling” properties protein and cell resistance—to the surface in a biological milieu. The versatile routes for the synthesis of POEGMA demonstrated here offer clear advantages over other techniques previously used in terms of their simplicity, reliability, and ability to pattern large-area substrates. They also demonstrate that POEGMA polymer brushes can be patterned directly by photolithography, plasma ashing, and reactive ion etching to create patterns at the micro- and nanoscale over large areas with high throughput and repeatability, while preserving the protein and cell resistance of the POEGMA brush.
Structure and properties of the subsolar magnetopause for northward IMF: ISEE observations

This paper describes the structure and the magnetic-field, electric-field, and plasma properties of the ISEE-1 magnetopause crossing on November 5, 1978, which occurred near the subsolar point when the IMF was strongly northward. It was found that the magnetopause was composed of three layers: (1) a sheath transition layer, in which there is a gradual density decrease without a change in temperature and which occurs totally within the magnetosheath plasma; (2) an outer boundary layer, which is dominated by magnetosheath particles; (3) and an inner boundary layer dominated by magnetospheric particles. No significnt heating or cooling was seen across the magnetopause during this crossing. The plasma within each of the layers was quite uniform, and their boundaries were sharp, suggesting that there was very little diffusion present.
Chemical imaging with combined fast-scan cyclic voltammetry-scanning electrochemical microscopy.

Fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (FSCV) is applied to the tip of a scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) for imaging the distribution of chemical species near a substrate. This approach was used to image the diffusion layer of both a large substrate electrode (3-mm-diameter glassy carbon) and a microelectrode substrate (10-μm-diameter Pt). Additionally, oxygen depletion near living cells was measured and correlated to respiratory activity. Finally, oxygen and hydrogen peroxide were simultaneously detected during the oxidative burst of a zymosan-stimulated macrophage cell. These results demonstrate the utility of FSCV−SECM for chemical imaging when conditions are chosen such that feedback interactions with the substrate are minimal.
A trigeminal conditioned stimulus yields fast acquisition of cerebellum-dependent conditioned eyeblinks

Classical conditioning of the eyeblink response in the rabbit is a form of motor learning whereby the animal learns to respond to an initially irrelevant conditioned stimulus (CS). It is thought that acquired conditioned responses (CRs) are adaptive because they protect the eye in anticipation of potentially harmful events. This protective mechanism is surprisingly inefficient because the acquisition of CRs requires extensive training - a condition that is unlikely to occur in nature. We hypothesized that the rate of conditioning in rabbits could depend on CS modality and that stimulating mystacial vibrissae as the CS could produce CR acquisition faster than the traditional auditory or visual stimulation. We tested this hypothesis by conditioning naive rabbits in the delay paradigm using a weak airpuff CS (vCS) directed to the ipsilateral mystacial vibrissae. We found that the trigeminal vCS yields significantly faster CR acquisition. We next examined if vCS-evoked CRs are dependent on the intermediate cerebellum in the same fashion as CRs evoked by the traditional auditory CS. We found that vibrissal CRs could be abolished by inactivating the cerebellar interposed nuclei (IN) with muscimol. In addition, injections of picrotoxin in the IN shortened the onset latency of vibrissal CRs. These findings suggest that the tone and vCS-evoked CRs share similar cerebellar dependency.
COMPARISON OF A COMBINED QUALITATIVE AND SEMIQUANTITATIVE URINE CULTURE METHOD WITH THE STANDARD CALIBRATED LOOP METHOD

229 urines obtained from college coeds with acute urinary tract infections were examined by comparing the standard calibrated loop culture method with a combination of qualitative Greiss Test (Bac-U-Dip) and a semiquantitative (Bacturcult) method. Analysis of the data demonstrated a small false positive (F.P.) but a marked false negative (F.N.) rate for Bac-U-Dip (BUD). The false negative rate for Bacturcult (B/C) was zero and the false positive rate, when compared to a no-growth culture (NG) was also low (1/70). The combination of Bacturcult and Bac-U-Dip provides both low false positive and false negative rates.
"13th-Stepping:" Why Alcoholics Anonymous Is Not Always a Safe Place for Women

"Thirteenth-stepping" is a euphemistic term used among members of Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) to refer to people (particularly men) who target new, more vulnerable members (typically women) for dates...