cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Spectrum of Sleep Pathology in Definite Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (P4.282)

Objective: To identify the prevalence and type(s) of sleep pathology in Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Background: Sleep disorders are strongly associated with multiple neurodegenerative diseases and impact quality of life. The relationship between sleep and CJD, a rapidly progressive, fatal neurodegenerative dementia, has not been well characterized. Design/Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of sleep signs and symptoms in a cohort of patients with definite CJD (n = 28; 26 sporadic, 2 familial; age range 42-76). Polysomnography (PSG) was performed on 14 patients. Results: While only 5 of 28 patients carried a premorbid sleep diagnosis, signs/symptoms of sleep dysfunction were present in 25. Eleven reported symptoms of hypersomnia, and 13 of insomnia. Seven met criteria for restless legs symptoms and/or periodic limb movements in sleep, and nine reported parasomnias. Of the 14 patients with PSG: One did not show sleep, seven (54[percnt]) had poorly formed sleep spindles and/or K-complexes, and ten (77[percnt]) met clinical criteria for sleep-disordered breathing; three of 8 (38[percnt]) had Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep without atonia, two of which met clinical criteria for a diagnosis of REM behavior disorder. Median total sleep time was 226 (IQR = 195-282) minutes. Median sleep efficiency was 58.5 [percnt] (IQR = 41 - 65.5 [percnt]). Median time in REM sleep was 0.35[percnt] (IQR = 0 - 7.125 [percnt]). Median periodic limb movement index was 0 per hour (IQR = 0 - 19.825) with 5 patients (42[percnt]) demonstrating periodic limb movements on PSG. Conclusions: Sleep abnormalities are common in CJD and represent a potentially treatable comorbidity associated with this devastating disease. Screening for sleep pathology may be indicated in the evaluation of patients with suspected CJD. Longitudinal studies are warranted to determine the significance of sleep abnormalities in CJD diagnosis and whether sleep measures can serve as biomarkers of disease progression. Disclosure: Dr. Kang has nothing to disclose. Dr. De Bruin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ances has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bucelli has nothing to disclose.
Late-onset islet autoimmunity in childhood: the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young (DAISY)

Aims/hypothesis We sought to assess the frequency, determinants and prognosis for future diabetes in individuals with islet autoimmunity and whether these factors differ depending on the age of onset of islet autoimmunity.
Outcomes and complications of radiation therapy in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis

Background: The outcomes, complications, and rates of secondary malignancies from radiation therapy (RT) are not known for patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Methods: We queried the Hereditary Gastrointestinal Cancer Registry (HGCR) for patients with FAP who received RT. Outcomes assessed included acute and late treatment toxicity and secondary malignancies. Results: We identified 15 patients undergoing 18 treatment courses. Median follow-up was 3.1 years after RT. Treated sites included rectal cancer, desmoid, prostate cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, medulloblastoma, gastric cancer, and glioma. Secondary tumors occurred in two patients: a medulloblastoma was diagnosed in a patient treated for glioma, and a desmoid tumor was diagnosed in a patient treated for rectal cancer. All nine patients treated with intra-abdominal or pelvic RT had prior prophylactic proctocolectomies, yet only one patient experienced grade 3 gastrointestinal toxicity. Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4 (CTCAE v4) toxicities were grade 1 in seven treatment courses (39%), grade 2 in five courses (28%), and grade 3 in two courses (11%). Conclusions: In this cohort, RT was well tolerated with adverse effects comparable with non-FAP patients. Secondary in-field tumors occurred in 2 of 15 patients and their increased risk in this cohort was likely due to prior predilection from FAP itself, although an increased role of RT cannot be ruled out.
Changes in O horizon mass, thickness and carbon content following fire in northern hardwood forests

This study examines temporal changes in the thickness, mass, and organic carbon content of the O horizon (forest floor) of eight forested plots in northern Michigan, USA. Each plot had experienced a recent burn (prescribed or accidental); burn dates ranged from 1798 to 1980. The climax forest in this region is mixed Pinus-Acer-Betula-Tsuga, whereas the fire successional species are predominantly Populus spp. and Betula papyrifera. O horizon data were fit to logarithmic functions (chronofunctions) that depicted rapid accumulations of mass and thickness in the first years after the fire, followed by decreasing rates of increase after ≈ 100 years. Extension of the chronofunctions to ≈ 5000 years allowed for a theoretical examination of forest floor conditions, e.g., steady state and time to steady state, after long periods without disturbance. The models predicted greater O horizon thicknesses and slightly lower mass for steady state conditions than have been reported for old-growth stands elsewhere. Steady state accumulations of litter in these mixed, temperate forests requires at least 200 and possibly > 1000 years, which is markedly longer than most other estimates. Although frequent disturbance by fire in these forests would likely preclude such values from being attained, these data provide theoretical maximum values for forest floor conditions in these ecosystems.
Global Asset Allocation: All that Glitters?

Fully updated through mid-2015, this case examines the gold market. To decide whether to initiate a position in gold, the protagonist must assess its features as a strategic component in any portfolio as well as whether the time is right for an opportunistic tactical allocation. Factors that must be considered include how supply and demand for gold will be affected by the paths of real interest rates, inflation expectations, the eurozone debt crisis (and other financial stresses), and the international value of the U.S. dollar, among other factors. Excerpt UVA-F-1646 Rev. Aug. 13, 2015 Global Asset Allocation: All That Glitters? Rashonda Williams, responsible for global-asset allocation at a large pension fund, gazed at the Blue Ridge Mountains from her Crozet, Virginia, home office. Her task today was to decide whether and how much of her fund should be allocated to gold. At this point—August 2015—there were many reasons to think about adding gold to her fund. One was, quite simply, its spectacular performance over the past decade (Figure 1). To be sure, the recent sell-off was concerning, but in percentage terms, it was similar to the 2008 sell-off that preceded a doubling in price. Figure 1. Gold prices, 1970–July 2015 (in dollars per troy ounce). Williams knew past performance was no predictor of future performance, but some of the views that were currently making the rounds were compelling. One view was that if the global economy recovered strongly, inflation, now well contained, would surge, and gold, as the world's only natural store of value, would increase in value. Another view was that if the global recovery faltered and the world fell into a deep recession, confidence in governments would evaporate, and everyone would abandon fiat money and move into gold, thereby increasing its value. Recovery or recession, holders of gold win. Or was it that easy? . . .
Development of a lumbar EMG-based coactivation index for the assessment of complex dynamic tasks.

AbstractThe objective of this study was to develop and test an EMG-based coactivation index and compare it to a coactivation index defined by a biologically assisted lumbar spine model to differentiate between tasks. The purpose was to provide a universal approach to assess coactivation of a multi-muscle system when a computational model is not accessible. The EMG-based index developed utilised anthropometric-defined muscle characteristics driven by torso kinematics and EMG. Muscles were classified as agonists/antagonists based upon ‘simulated’ moments of the muscles relative to the total ‘simulated’ moment. Different tasks were used to test the range of the index including lifting, pushing and Valsalva. Results showed that the EMG-based index was comparable to the index defined by a biologically assisted model (r2 = 0.78). Overall, the EMG-based index provides a universal, usable method to assess the neuromuscular effort associated with coactivation for complex dynamic tasks when the benefit of a biomech...
Immune Activity, but Not Physiological Stress, Differs between the Sexes during the Nesting Season in Painted Turtles

Abstract Energetically expensive life-history events often require energy trade-offs with day-to-day maintenance activities, particularly when such life-history events are also physiologically stressful. To understand how an energetically expensive life-history event affects physiological stress and day-to-day maintenance, we compared stress levels and immune activity in male and female Midland Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta picta, hereafter Painted Turtles), during the nesting season. We captured adult Painted Turtles during the nesting season and quantified baseline physiological stress levels (by determining ratios of circulating leukocytes) and immune activity (by measuring the skin-swelling response to a phytohemagglutinin challenge). We predicted that females would exhibit higher physiological stress levels and decreased immune activity compared to males attributable to the energetic demands and stressful conditions that reproduction places on females, but not males, in this species. Contrary to o...
1-Alkenyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquids: novel and low-viscosity ionic liquid electrolytes for dye-sensitized solar cells

Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSCs) based on ruthenium complex N719 as sensitizer have received much attention due to their affordability and high efficiency. However, their best performance is only achieved when using volatile organic solvents as electrolyte solutions, which are unstable under prolonged thermal stress. Thus, we developed a new series of 1-alkenyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ionic liquids used as robust DSC electrolytes. These ionic liquids exhibit low viscosity, high conductivity, and thermal stability. The implementation of 1-but-3-enyl-3-methyl-imidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, [ButMIm]OTf, into DSCs gave the best photovoltaic performance. The results are fairly comparable to those reports for other popular ionic liquid electrolytes currently used in DSC field. An insightful discussion on the relationship between the structure of these new ionic liquids and the J–V characterization as well as electrochemical impedance measurement of DSCs will give more interesting information. The results are useful for large-scale outdoor application of DSCs.
Teaching Mao through Music: Pedagogy and Practice in the Liberal Arts Classroom

In designing the undergraduate music topics course, “Music & Mao: Music & Politics in Communist China,” I was challenged to convey the context of 1960s Communist China to my classroom of 9 white American students in 2009 at a predominately white institution. Five years later my classroom changed to a diverse mix of racial identities and nationalities including white Americans, American students of color, and international students from China. As a multiracial Asian American woman I always consider my own identity when I stand in front of the classroom. As an ethnomusicologist, I intentionally shift the classroom away from white and US-centric approaches of teaching China as the “other.” And through social justice based teaching I empower each of my students to engage with the course material in ways that are meaningful to their own social identities. In this article I identify pedagogies in the undergraduate music classroom that may be applied across genres, topics, and disciplines. In particular, I focus on two aspects: 1) how assignments that explicitly connect course content and learning process provide new levels of engagement with course concepts, and 2) how a diverse and inclusive classroom of students can positively impact student learning and help foster an inclusive classroom and cross-racial learning.
Biodiesel: Effects on Exhaust Constituents

Fatty-acid mono-ester fuels, commonly referred to as “Biodiesel” fuels, are currently under evaluation for use as an alternative diesel fuel in the United States. Blends of Biodiesel fuels with petroleum diesel fuel have been tested in a large number of urban bus transit demonstrations, and they are currently under consideration for commercial use in confined environments such as underground mines in the United States and Canada. The use of Biodiesel fuels, such as soy-and rapeseed-oil methyl esters, has been shown to significantly reduce emissions of the carbon-soot constituents of diesel particulate matter (PM), while increasing the emissions of soluble or volatile organic particulate matter. The use of Biodiesel fuels has also been shown to reduce the emissions of some PAH and nitro-PAH compounds. When used in conjunction with an appropriately selected diesel oxidation catalyst, significant reductions in total PM emissions from diesel engines have been realized. This paper will present a summary of recent work conducted in the United States to characterize the exhaust emissions of diesel engines using a soy-methyl-ester Biodiesel fuel, including the effects of the Biodiesel fuel on exhaust gas composition, PM composition, and particle-size distribution.
Cervical Puncture: An Important Tool for the Interventional Neurologist (P07.259)

OBJECTIVE: To report a case series of C1-2 punctures, assessing indications, utility, technical success, and complications. BACKGROUND: Lateral cervical punctures were first described in the early 1960s. Over the last five decades, the role of cervical punctures has evolved from an approach for cervical cordotomies to a conduit for cervical myelograms, cervical drain placements, and diagnostic or therapeutic taps, among others. A wide array of indications include cervical myelography for inpatients with lower spinal block due to trauma, spinal tumors, or degenerative disease; subarachnoid hemorrhage; cisternography for CSF leak; idiopathic intracranial hypertension; as well as other standard indications for lumbar puncture. DESIGN/METHODS: A retrospective review of all neurointerventional procedures performed at one institution from July 2009 – September 2012 was conducted to identify cervical puncture cases. RESULTS: Six C1-2 punctures were performed by the senior author during a one-year period. Prior lumbar puncture was unsuccessful in all patients. Lateral C1-2 punctures were performed for diagnostic (3 patients) and therapeutic (cervical myelography; 3 patients) purposes via the following approaches: prone (4 patients), lateral decubitus (1 patient), and supine (1 patient). Indications included trauma with cervical spine fracture (2 patients), leptomeningeal metastasis, thoracic spinal block due to diffuse vertebral metastases, new-onset seizures, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. All but one patient were punctured in the posterior one-third of the spinal canal; one patient was punctured in the anterior one-third of the spinal canal. Technical success was 100%, and there were no immediate or delayed complications. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical punctures are infrequently performed due to insufficient exposure in neurointerventional training, limited indications, and a general perception that high cervical punctures are unduly risky. However, when proper technique is followed, they are safe, provide tremendous added value, and are an important tool in the interventional neurologist9s arsenal. Disclosure: Dr. Thomas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Narayanan has nothing to disclose.
Poor response to fluoxetine: underlying depression, serotonergic overstimulation, or a "therapeutic window"?

Background Symptoms of serotonergic overstimulation may resemble depressive symptoms. Postulating that overmedication with fluoxetine can appear as response failure (as norfluoxetine accumulates), systematic trials of lower doses were conducted in patients who failed to respond despite apparent initial improvements. Method Of 23 consecutive outpatients treated with fluoxetine 20 mg/day for DSM-III-R major depression, 4 failed to sustain initial improvements during 4-8 weeks of treatment (in the absence of apparent side effects). In these 4 patients, fluoxetine was withdrawn for 2 weeks, then reinstituted at 20 mg q.o.d. All patients were followed up weekly to monthly (for up to 17 months) and administered the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results Four of 4 patients improved during washout and went on to respond to the lower dose. All 4 cases are presented. On review of the literature, fluoxetine fixed-dose studies reveal increased adverse effects with no increase in efficacy at dosages above 5 mg/day and decreased efficacy at dosages above 40 mg/day. Special issues inherent in the study and use of an antidepressant with a 1- to 3-week active half-life are discussed. Conclusion Even in the apparent absence of side effects, nonresponse to fluoxetine may be due to overmedication in some patients. Standard doses of fluoxetine may be higher than "optimum." The apparent difficulty distinguishing fluoxetine's adverse effects/toxicity (or a "therapeutic window" effect) from underlying depressive symptoms, taken in conjunction with the 3-9 weeks required to approach steady state, may suggest the option of lowering the dose in some cases of nonresponse or "relapse."
Interaction and Stability of Friction and Vibrations

A stability analysis of stick-slip vibrations is presented, considering single-and multi-degree-of-freedom systems to demonstrate the significance of the dimensions of a system on friction-induced vibrations. First, a stability analysis is given for a single-degree-of-freedom system, based on the linearized model, where the existence of limit cycles is demonstrated. The analysis is then extended to a multi-degree-of-freedom system. The increase in the dimensions of the system is shown to change the response characteristics from those of a single-degree-of-freedom system; now the number of bifurcations is more than one. The spectrum of the response is composed of a combination of fundamental frequencies corresponding to each bifurcation and their harmonics. These fundamental frequencies may become synchronized depending on the coupling between the modes of the system. In cases of higher dimensions and several independent frequencies, it is also possible to have a chaotic response.
Pathways to violent extremism: a qualitative comparative analysis of the US far-right

In this research, we analyzed extensive life history interviews and open-source data on a sample of 35 current and former white supremacists. These individuals had all committed ideologically motiv...
Integrated Node Authentication and Key Distribution Method for Body Area Network

Node Authentication and Key Distribution are two tightly correlated security tasks for a secure Body Area Networks (BAN) system. Handling them separately may cause many practical issues. Based on the recent advances on node authentication and (shared) key distribution (including key generation), we propose a new integrated method to securely and efficiently conduct the two tasks. We build a system model with the consideration of passive and active attacks and solve some security risks. One of performance metric, key generation rate is significantly improved in our method. We implement and verify the proposed methods on two test beds. The experimental result demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposal.
Balanced Metrics and Noncommutative Kähler Geometry

In this paper we show how Einstein metrics are naturally described using the quantization of the algebra of functions C∞(M) on a Kahler manifold M . In this setup one interprets M as the phase space itself, equipped with the Poisson brackets inherited from the Kahler 2-form. We compare the geometric quantization framework with several deformation quantization approaches. We find that the balanced metrics appear naturally as a result of requiring the vacuum energy to be the constant function on the moduli space of semiclassical vacua. In the classical limit these metrics become Kahler–Einstein (when M admits such metrics). Finally, we sketch several applications of this formalism, such as explicit constructions of special Lagrangian submanifolds in compact Calabi–Yau manifolds.
Measurements of fast neutron scattering in plastic scintillator with energies from 20 to 200 MeV

Abstract Scattering of neutrons with energies ranging from 20 to 200 MeV was observed in an organic plastic scintillator array as a test for accuracy of simulation by two GEANT4-based models. The experiment was conducted at the LANSCE WNR facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory using a collimated neutron beam of well-defined energy and trajectory impinging on 16 BC-408 plastic scintillator detectors arranged in a horizontal array 2 detectors tall and 8 deep. Results from neutron scattering observations include hit-multiplicity distributions, beam attenuation depth, crosstalk events, scattering angle, attenuation depth between hits, and dark-scattering of neutrons from carbon nuclei, all as a function of the incident neutron energy. Measurement results are compared with predictions from two GEANT4-based Monte Carlo simulations, and agreement varies considerably over neutron energy, becoming poor at higher energies, pointing to needed improvement in simulation of neutrons in plastic scintillator.
Indicators of Post-Operative Intraocular Pressure Elevation after Naïve Fluocinolone Acetonide Surgical Implantation

Purpose: To determine factors conferring an increased risk of developing ocular hypertension secondary to the fluocinolone acetonide (FA) sustained-release surgical implant (Retisert).Design: Retro...
A Multimethod Analysis of Incompleteness and Visual “Not Just Right” Experiences in Body Dysmorphic Disorder

Abstract Individuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often report engaging in repetitive behaviors aimed at reducing feelings of imperfection anchored to their appearance. “Not just right” experiences (NJREs) and incompleteness (INC) are constructs related to perfectionism that have traditionally been studied in obsessive-compulsive disorder, though recent research has also linked these phenomena to BDD. We sought to replicate and extend this research via two studies. Study 1 examined BDD symptoms, INC, as well as harm avoidance (HA) in an unselected sample (N = 179); moderate associations were observed between symptoms and both INC and HA. Participants also completed a novel visual NJRE task in which they were shown appearance-related and non-appearance-related images meant to evoke an NJRE response (i.e., discomfort and urge to “fix” stimuli). BDD symptoms predicted reactivity to appearance-related NJRE stimuli above negative affect. Study 2 compared INC, HA, and task reactivity in a BDD sample (N = 50) to nonpsychiatric controls (N = 44). The BDD group evidenced greater INC, HA, and reactivity to both appearance and nonappearance NJRE stimuli, relative to controls; however, group differences did not remain after controlling for age and negative affect. These studies broadly corroborate previous research highlighting NJREs and INC as potential vulnerability factors relevant to BDD, though these phenomena may not be specific to BDD symptoms.
Inducible epithelial resistance improves survival of Sendai virus pneumonia in mice by both inactivating virus and preventing CD8+ T cell-mediated immunopathology

Viral pneumonias remain a global health threat necessitating novel strategies to prevent and treat these lower respiratory tract infections. We have reported that mice treated with a combination of inhaled Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/6 and TLR 9 agonists (Pam2-ODN) are broadly protected against respiratory pathogens. Although a single inhalation of Pam-ODN prevents acute morbidity and chronic complications associated with viral pneumonias, the mechanisms underlying this protection remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we show in a lethal paramyxovirus model that Pam2-ODN-enhanced survival is associated with robust virus inactivation that occurs prior to internalization by lung epithelial cells. However, it was also noted that viral mortality in sham-treated mice temporally corresponded with CD8+ T cell-enriched lung inflammation that peaks after the viral burden wanes. Pam2-ODN treatment also blocked this injurious inflammation, but the attenuation of lymphocytic inflammation and the reduction in virus burden were both lost when inducible reactive oxygen species generation was inhibited. Depleting CD8+ T cells before or after viral challenge underscored the balanced roles of CD8+ T cells in antiviral immunity and fatal immunopathology, but did not obviate the Pam2-ODN antiviral protection. These findings identify multifunctional inducible antiviral mechanisms and may reveal means to protect susceptible individuals against respiratory infections.
Critical Inquiry into Moments of Historical Change: Fostering Broader Understandings of Citizenship

This manuscript explores the power of using inquiry in a second-grade classroom to make students’ understanding of citizenship more complex. It describes an inquiry unit in which students studied p...
Facial fillers in lip reconstruction

The lips are a critical aesthetic landmark of the lower face, and defects in this area have significant implications for functional and cosmetic symmetry. Facial fillers are commonly viewed as an adjunctive technique to surgical lip reconstruction but can also be used as a standalone, temporary management option for oral incompetence and contour defects. Facial fillers make use of a patient's existing perioral soft tissue framework while achieving immediate results that avoid the recovery time associated with surgery. We describe the different types of FDA-approved facial fillers, indications for use, injection techniques, local anesthetic approaches, and complication management.
Enzyme-inducing antiseizure medication utilization in patients with epilepsy and vascular risk factors.

Abstract Objectives Several lines of evidence have suggested that exposure to enzyme-inducing antiseizure medications (EIASMs) may result in the subsequent development of hyperlipidemia, a well-known risk factor for vascular disease. This may be an issue of concern particularly in the context of additional comorbid vascular risk factors. We therefore aimed to investigate trends of and associations with the use of these medications among adult patients with epilepsy. Methods The cross-sectional Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) was interrogated to ascertain the prevalence of use of EIASMs by noninstitutionalized adult patients with epilepsy in the United States between the years 2004 and 2015. Any patient prescribed carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital, or primidone within a given year was defined as having been prescribed an EIASM. Trends over three-year epochs were evaluated with univariate logistic regression, while associations with demographic factors, vascular risk factors, and vascular disease were evaluated using a chi-square test corrected for survey design as well as multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 2281 (unweighted) patients were identified, representing 1,781,237 individuals. Between 2004 and 2015, 45.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.4%–49.4%) were prescribed EIASMs. Approximately one-quarter of patients aged 65 years and above used EIASMs compared with 18.5% of younger patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.83, 95% CI = 1.27–2.65). Female patients (OR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.47–0.79) and those with heart disease (OR: 0.63, 95% CI = 0.45–0.89) were significantly less likely to be prescribed EIASMs. Among those prescribed EIASMs, 38.9% had hypertension, 12.2% had diabetes, 61.6% were overweight or obese, 17.3% heart disease, 17.2% had a history of a cerebrovascular event, and 28.5% had diagnosed hyperlipidemia. Nonetheless, between 2004–2006 and 2013–2015, the odds of EIASM prescription decreased significantly (OR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28–0.55). Conclusions A substantial proportion of patients with comorbid vascular disease or vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and older age) is prescribed EIASMs. This could potentially increase patients' risk for subsequent negative outcomes such as cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease. Though utilization of these medications has decreased, further efforts toward increasing use of newer antiseizure medications (ASMs) that are not associated with similar risks may be warranted.
In situ NMR of heterogeneous catalysis: new methods and opportunities

In situ NMR has been extensively applied in the past decade to obtain basic mechanistic information about reactions in heterogeneous catalysis. Most studies in the literature have employed either sealed glass ampoules of catalyst and adsorbate that are heated outside of the NMR probe or variable temperature studies of samples sealed in magic‐angle spinning (MAS) rotors. In situ NMR studies of sealed samples fail to duplicate the conditions of temperature, reagent introduction and product removal found in bench‐top microreactor studies of catalysis. Previous attempts to more closely duplicate the conditions in flow reactors have motivated NMR studies using temperature jumps and the development of MAS probes with reagent flow. These methods have not yet achieved the time scales of several seconds or tenths of seconds that are typical of catalytic reactions. The pulse‐quench catalytic reactor has been developed to permit NMR studies of catalyst samples that have been prepared under actual reaction conditions. Pulse‐quench studies have provided evidence in support of a carbon‐pool mechanism for methanol‐to‐gasoline chemistry on HZSM‐5 and led to the identification of a pentamethylbenzenium cation formed in a zeolite by the alkylation of benzene with excess methanol.
Robotic Contact Juggling.

We define "robotic contact juggling" to be the purposeful control of the motion of a three-dimensional smooth object as it rolls freely on a motion-controlled robot manipulator, or "hand." While specific examples of robotic contact juggling have been studied before, in this paper we provide the first general formulation and solution method for the case of an arbitrary smooth object in single-point rolling contact on an arbitrary smooth hand. Our formulation splits the problem into four subproblems: (1) deriving the second-order rolling kinematics; (2) deriving the three-dimensional rolling dynamics; (3) planning rolling motions that satisfy the rolling dynamics; and (4) feedback stabilization of planned rolling trajectories. The theoretical results are demonstrated in simulation and experiment using feedback from a high-speed vision system.
Ubiquitination is essential for recovery of cellular activities following heat shock

Abstract Eukaryotic cells respond to stress via adaptive programs that include reversible shutdown of key cellular processes, the formation of stress granules, and a global increase in ubiquitination. The primary function of this ubiquitination is generally considered to be tagging damaged or misfolded proteins for degradation. Here we show that different types of stress generate distinct ubiquitination patterns. For heat stress, ubiquitination correlates with cellular activities that are downregulated during stress, including nucleocytoplasmic transport and translation, as well as with stress granule constituents. Ubiquitination is not required for the shutdown of these processes or for stress granule formation, but is essential for resumption of cellular activities and for stress granule disassembly. These findings indicate that stress-induced ubiquitination primes the cell for recovery following heat stress. One Sentence Summary Stress-induced ubiquitination is essential for recovery of cellular activities following heat stress.
Psychological pain: A moderating factor between personality psychopathology and self-harm.

OBJECTIVE Self-harm and personality psychopathology have been linked, with the most robust correlations existing between negative affectivity and self-harm. Psychological pain, an emotionally-based aversive feeling, has been linked to self-harm. Considering the connection between personality psychopathology and self-harm, psychological pain may enhance self-harm risk. Participants: Analyses were conducted on 525 undergraduate students in the Spring and Fall semesters of 2019. Methods/Results: Correlation analyses indicated that self-harm was moderately correlated with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, Antagonism, Disinhibition, and Psychoticism. Additionally, self-harm was correlated with psychological pain. When examining if psychological pain moderates the relation between personality psychopathology and self-harm, results were mixed. In the cases of Disinhibition and Psychoticism, psychological pain enhanced self-harm. There was no moderating effect on the relations with Negative Affectivity, Detachment, or Antagonism. Conclusions: These findings support the role of psychological pain in self-harm outcomes for those experiencing personality psychopathology; however, this varies depending on the maladaptive traits.
Synthesis of model bacteriochlorophylls containing substituents of native rings A, C and E

A route under development for the synthesis of bacteriochlorophyll a and analogues relies on joining an AD-dihydrodipyrrin (bearing a D-ring carboxaldehyde) and a BC-dihydrodipyrrin (bearing a C-ring β-ketoester group and a B-ring dimethoxymethyl group) via Knoevenagel condensation followed by double-ring closure (Nazarov cyclization, electrophilic aromatic substitution, and elimination of methanol). Prior synthetic studies afforded the bacteriochlorophyll skeleton containing a gem-dimethyl group in ring B, a trans-dialkyl group in ring D, and a carboethoxy group at the 3-position of ring A. To explore the incorporation of native substituents, the synthesis of two bacteriochlorophyll analogues thereof was pursued, one with 12-methyl and 3-carboethoxy groups and the other with 2,12-dimethyl and 3-acetyl groups. The 12-methyl group resulted in half the yield (versus the unsubstituted analogue) in the Knoevenagel reaction, but insignificant effects in all other steps including the rate and yield of double-ring closure despite the known effects of alkyl groups to facilitate electrophilic substitution of pyrroles. The 2-methyl-3-acetyl group, however, resulted in diminished yields in several steps, including the Knoevenagel reaction, but not the double-ring closure. The results point to obstacles and openings on the path to total syntheses of the native pigments.
Bibliographic standards

Among the standards most important to librarians and their clients are bibliographic standards, which focus on providing bibliographic data in machine-readable form to facilitate technical processing of acquisitions, cataloging, and sharing of these data among libraries. Beacher Wiggins discusses bibliographic standards in general and then focuses on the Cooperative Online Serials Program—CONSER—a cooperative program for bibliographic control that is now more than a decade old.
Comparative Employment Relations: Institutional and Neo-institutional Theories

Comparative employment relations (CER) has enjoyed a resurgence of interest and scholarly research in recent years. A significant reason is the rising tide of globalization and its present and future impact on employment relations institutions and practices. Rather quickly the furthest corners of the Earth have become interconnected in an international division of labor and system of market exchange, inevitably raising questions about the nature and extent of change in national employment relations systems and the degree to which they are converging to a similar model.
Studies on the induction and expression of T-cell-mediated immunity: XIII. Membrane-associated antigens of cytotoxic T lymphocytes involved in cytotoxicity

Abstract An xenogeneic rat anti-mouse T-cell serum, designated RAT∗, has been shown to block the cytolytic activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) at a postbinding step. RAT∗ serum or the IgG fraction was extensively absorbed with the target cell, P815, a DBA mastocytoma, and used with or without further absorption to immunoprecipitate specific molecules from radiolabeled membrane extracts of CTL derived from either in vivo -allosensitized mice or from cytotoxic clones maintained in in vitro cultures. Cell surface sialic acid residues were labeled by oxidation with sodium periodate (NaIO 4 ) and reduction with tritiated sodium borohydride ([ 3 H]NaBH 4 ). Alternatively, cell surface proteins were labeled with 125 I by lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination. Nonidet P-40 (NP-40)-solubilized radiolabeled membranes were then immunoprecipitated with RAT∗ serum and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Three membrane-associated molecules of 95,000, 140,000 and 180,000 M r , were found by such analysis. The sensitivity of these three molecules to trypsinization and their susceptibility to labeling with [ 3 H]NaBH 4 suggested that they are glycoproteins. Moreover, when RAT∗ serum or the IgG fraction was absorbed with various cell types, its ability to immunoprecipitate the three molecules correlated with its ability to block cytolysis. Adsorption of RAT∗ serum with CTL, but not with nonimmune thymocytes, significantly reduced the ability of RAT∗ serum to inhibit cytotoxicity and to immunoprecipitate the 95k, 140k, and 180k molecules. Thus, these findings suggest that one or more of these cell surface molecules of CTL may be involved in the cytolytic process.
Multiple cytokine profile in plasma and amniotic fluid in a mouse model of pre-term labor

Problem The rate of pre-term birth in the United States continues to rise despite several interventions. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been implicated in the activation of the cascade of events resulting in pre-term labor. To date, no comprehensive panel of the cytokine profile in PTL has been published. Method of study To address cytokine profiles in pre-term labor, levels of 19 plasma and amniotic fluid cytokines were measured using a multiplex immunoassay in an inflammation-induced murine model of pre-term labor. Results Pro-inflammatory mediators, RANTES, KC, IL-6, and IL-12p40 were increased by 3 hr and remained high at 15 hr. Concentrations of KC, IL-6, IL-1β, and MIP-1α were increased in the amniotic fluid at 15 hr. Plasma levels of anti-inflammatory mediators IL-10 and IL-13 at 15 hr were unchanged and decreased respectively. Conclusion These results suggest that stimulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines occurs very early in the cascade of events and remains increased, whereas anti-inflammatory cytokines are either unchanged or decreased until the onset of delivery in an inflammation-induced mouse model of pre-term labor.
Statistical analysis of a reaction: Linear theory

Abstract In this paper some of the statistical technique which have become part of modern control analysis are applied to the continuous flow stirred tank reactor. Care is taken to present these methods without assuming the reader's prior knowledge, for, though they are widely used in other fields, they may as yet be unfamiliear to the chemical engineer. It is assumed that the system never departs very far from its steady state so that linearized equations are valid. One may then make a statistical design of the reactor and determine the effect of various parameters on the characteristics of the output.
Conformational stability and mechanism of folding of ribonuclease T1.

Abstract Urea and thermal unfolding curves for ribonuclease T1 (RNase T1) were determined by measuring several different physical properties. In all cases, steep, single-step unfolding curves were observed. When these results were analyzed by assuming a two-state folding mechanism, the plots of fraction unfolded protein versus denaturant were coincident. The dependence of the free energy of unfolding, delta G (in kcal/mol), on urea concentration is given by delta G = 5.6 - 1.21 (urea). The parameters characterizing the thermodynamics of unfolding are: midpoint of the thermal unfolding curve, Tm = 48.1 degrees C, enthalpy change at Tm, delta Hm = 97 kcal/mol, and heat capacity change, delta Cp = 1650 cal/mol deg. A single kinetic phase was observed for both the folding and unfolding of RNase T1 in the transition and post-transition regions. However, two slow kinetic phases were observed during folding in the pre-transition region. These two slow phases account for about 90% of the observed amplitude, indicating that a faster kinetic phase is also present. The slow phases probably result from cis-trans isomerization at the 2 proline residues that have a cis configuration in folded RNase T1. These results suggest that RNase T1 folds by a highly cooperative mechanism with no structural intermediates once the proline residues have assumed their correct isomeric configuration. At 25 degrees C, the folded conformation is more stable than the unfolded conformations by 5.6 kcal/mol at pH 7 and by 8.9 kcal/mol at pH 5, which is the pH of maximum stability. At pH 7, the thermodynamic data indicate that the maximum conformational stability of 8.3 kcal/mol will occur at -6 degrees C.
Increasing Teachers' Use of a 1:1 Praise-to-Behavior Correction Ratio to Decrease Student Disruption in General Education Classrooms

Contingent, behavior-specific praise is universally recommended as an effective tool to increase students’ academic achievement and proscocial behavior. Despite this recommendation, little research has examined the effects of training teachers to increase their praise-to-behavior correction ratio in classroom settings. This study evaluated the effects of training teachers to provide a 1:1 ratio of praise-to-behavior correction to decrease student disruption in three general-education classrooms. Three urban middle-school general-teachers who exhibited very low rates of praise participated in the study. Teachers received training, including modeling and performance feedback, to achieve a 1:1 ratio of praise-to-behavior correction administered within a multiple-baseline across participants design. Results demonstrated that (a) the teachers were able to achieve and maintain a 1:1 praise-to-behavior correction ratio; (b) a reduction in student disruption coincided with teachers’ use of a 1:1 praise-to-behavior correction ration; and (c) two teachers evidenced moderate levels of generalization to classrooms where no training took place. Implications for practitioners and future research are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interlaminar deformations on the cylindrical surface of a hole in laminated composites by moire interferometry

Moire interferometric techniques were adapted to facilitate studies on 25.4 mm (1 in.) diameter holes. A replication scheme was developed to produce a high-frequency diffraction grating on the cylindrical surface of a hole. Techniques were developed to interrogate the specimen grating to obtain the in-plane deformations on the hole surface. The application of the technique to the measurement of interlaminar deformations on the cylindrical surface of a hole in a laminated composite plate is presented. The techniques can be generalized for investigations on both convex and concave singly-curved surfaces.
Complement as a mediator of inflammation in acute gouty arthritis. II. Biological activities generated from complement by the interaction of serum complement and sodium urate crystals

Abstract Several investigators have demonstrated that sodium urate crystals (NUC) induce an acute arthritis, but the pathogenesis of the acute inflammatory response initiated by these crystals has not been completely explained. This report presents experiments which suggest that complement (C) might mediate certain parameters of acute inflammation in gout. Phagocytosis of NUC was enhanced by C and the early acting components appeared to be required for this reaction. Heat-stable chemotactic activity was generated in rabbit serum and chemotactic factors consistent with C5a and C567 were generated in human serum incubated with NUC.
Feasibility of three-dimensional MRI of proximal femur microarchitecture at 3 tesla using 26 receive elements without and with parallel imaging

Purpose High-resolution imaging of deeper anatomy such as the hip is challenging due to low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), necessitating long scan times. Multi-element coils can increase SNR and reduce scan time through parallel imaging (PI). We assessed the feasibility of using a 26-element receive coil setup to perform 3 Tesla (T) MRI of proximal femur microarchitecture without and with PI. Materials and Methods This study had institutional review board approval. We scanned 13 subjects on a 3T scanner using 26 receive-elements and a three-dimensional fast low-angle shot (FLASH) sequence without and with PI (acceleration factors [AF] 2, 3, 4). We assessed SNR, depiction of individual trabeculae, PI performance (1/g-factor), and image quality with PI (1 = nonvisualization to 5 = excellent). Results SNR maps demonstrate higher SNR for the 26-element setup compared with a 12-element setup for hip MRI. Without PI, individual proximal femur trabeculae were well-depicted, including microarchitectural deterioration in osteoporotic subjects. With PI, 1/g values for the 26-element/12-element receive-setup were 0.71/0.45, 0.56/0.25, and 0.44/0.08 at AF2, AF3, and AF4, respectively. Image quality was: AF1, excellent (4.8 ± 0.4); AF2, good (4.2 ± 1.0); AF3, average (3.3 ± 1.0); AF4, nonvisualization (1.4 ± 0.9). Conclusion A 26-element receive-setup permits 3T MRI of proximal femur microarchitecture with good image quality up to PI AF2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2014;40:229–238. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent Empirical Studies of the Pedagogical Effects of Interactive Video Instruction in "Soft Skill" Areas

THE USE OF INTERACTIVE VIDEO INSTRUCTION (IVI) is expanding rapidly in educational institutions and in military and corporate training. Recent empirical research has identified significant advantages for IVI over traditional teaching methods in selected areas of instruction. This critical synthesis of research focuses on pedagogical applications in “soft skill” areas and identifies significant advantages for IVI over traditional teaching methods in soft skill instruction.
Docetaxel extravasation results in significantly delayed and relapsed skin injury: A case report

Chemotherapeutic agents can result in extravasation, which is considered to be a serious complication. The increasing number of exposures to different cytotoxic agents experienced by each patient may enhance the prevalence of this complication. Docetaxel is widely used in the treatment of numerous solid tumors. Thus, the current report presents the case of a breast cancer patient who developed a significantly delayed skin reaction one day after docetaxel extravasation, a rare skin manifestation, and relapsed one week subsequently. This unusual clinical presentation is an indicator that practitioners are required to carefully monitor the patient for further cutaneous reactions in the weeks following extravasation to observe any additional adverse reactions.