cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Altered mRNA and protein expression of filaggrin in the skin of a canine animal model for atopic dermatitis.

Background Filaggrin is a structural protein that has attracted increasing interest over the past decade for its role in the pathogenesis of human atopic dermatitis (AD). Null mutations in its sequence are considered risk factors in the development of AD. Hypothesis/Objectives To investigate canine filaggrin mRNA and protein expression in the skin of atopic beagles with experimentally induced AD compared with breed-matched healthy control dogs. Methods All dogs were environmentally challenged for 3 days consecutively with allergens to which the atopic dogs had been sensitized. Skin biopsy specimens were taken from six healthy and seven atopic beagles before and after allergen challenge. Canine filaggrin mRNA was measured using quantitative real-time PCR. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to localize the filaggrin protein in canine skin. Analysis of variance with Tukey's multiple comparison test (over-time effect) and unpaired Student's t-test (treatment effect) were used. Values of P ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results Analysis of variance showed a significantly higher expression of filaggrin mRNA in atopic dogs compared with healthy control dogs (P = 0.004 on day 3 and P = 0.01 on day 10) and a decreased mRNA expression on day 3 in healthy control dogs (effect of time, P = 0.006). On blinded evaluation, filaggrin immunofluorescence was distributed homogeneously in the stratum granulosum and the stratum corneum in healthy dogs. Atopic dogs showed a patchy immunofluorescence pattern, which was exacerbated after environmental challenge. Conclusions and clinical importance Altered epidermal filaggrin mRNA expression and protein distribution was detected in this experimental model.
Power System Planning Studies on a Real Utility System

In a power system, a contingency refers to an outage of power system components such as transformers, generators, lines, etc. due to faults or failure. A contingency could lead to voltage and power flow problems. This paper describes practical contingency studies based on a real power system provided by a utility. The aim of this study is to find out contingencies that cause undervoltage, overvoltage or overloading problems. Once the trouble-causing contingencies are identified, a violation mitigation process is carried out to eliminate the voltage and flow violations. The critical load level, defined as the load level below which the violations disappear, is determined. Contingency studies involving spare transformers are also performed to verify whether spare transformers will meet the design specifications if they replace the transformers in service. A study called MW-Mile calculation for the system is also performed for reliability evaluation purposes.
Immunohistochemical localization of choline acetyl-transferase in the human cerebellum

Abstract Guinea pig antiserum specific to purified bovine choline acetyltransferase was found to cross-react with human enzyme. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase immunohistochemical method was then used to demonstrate the localization of choline acetyltransferase in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human cerebellum from normal as well as from Huntington's disease brains. Choline acetyltransferase was localized exclusively in the mossy fibers and the glomeruli of the cerebellar folia. These immunohistochemical findings reveal the distribution of cholinergic axons and their terminals. The results are not only similar to our previous studies using the same method on the localization of choline acetyltansferase in rabbit cerebellum, but also de onstrate that some mossy fibers are cholinergic as suggested by others.
Purification and N-terminal sequence of the major leaf protein (trifoliatin) from trifoliate orange

Abstract The major protein found in the leaves, bark and hardened roots of trifoliate orange ( Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.) is a glycoprotein ( M r 24 000). Characteristics of trifoliate orange protein, now called trifoliatin, are consistent with those reported for other plant storage proteins, the low sequence similarity with other leaf proteins indicates that trifoliatin may represent a new class of vegetative proteins. Levels of glycoprotein vary inversely with leaf age and temperature [6] and can reach levels up to 65% of total leaf protein. The purification of this protein was accomplished by a combination of free zone isoelectric focusing and chromatography techniques. The N-terminal sequence determined by Edman (P. Edman and G. Begg, Eur. J. Biochem., 1 (1967) 80) degradation shares little to no sequence similarity with other known leaf proteins. The partial sequence of trifoliatin has the highest sequence similarity with sporamin, the major tuberous root storage protein in sweet potato. Trifoliatin has no protease activity to casein hydrolysate or inhibitory activity to trypsin or α-chymotrypsin.
The Role of Systematic International Market Selection on Small Firms’ Export Performance

This article hypothesizes that, on average, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that use a systematic methodology in selecting foreign target markets (what we call systematic market selection) perform better than SMEs using an ad hoc international market selection methodology. Using a sample of Greek exporting firms, we found that systematic international market selection is a significant determinant of export performance, even when controlling for decision-maker and firm-specific characteristics previous studies found to be related to export success. Implications for managers, trade promotion agencies, and future research are discussed.
A Statewide Investigation of Individualized Transition Plans in Louisiana

This article describes the results of a statewide investigation of Individualized Transition Plans (ITPs). The investigation reviewed 329 ITPs using an instrument developed by the Louisiana Statewi...
Production of arrays of chemically distinct nanolitre plugs via repeated splitting in microfluidic devices

This paper reports a method for the production of arrays of nanolitre plugs with distinct chemical compositions. One of the primary constraints on the use of plug-based microfluidics for large scale biological screening is the difficulty of fabricating arrays of chemically distinct plugs on the nanolitre scale. Here, using microfluidic devices with several T-junctions linked in series, a single input array of large (∼320 nL) plugs was split to produce 16 output arrays of smaller (∼20 nL) plugs; the composition and configuration of these arrays were identical to that of the input. This paper shows how the passive break-up of plugs in T-junction microchannel geometries can be used to produce a set of smaller-volume output arrays useful for chemical screening from a single large-volume array. A simple theoretical description is presented to describe splitting as a function of the Capillary number, the capillary pressure, the total pressure difference across the channel, and the geometric fluidic resistance. By accounting for these considerations, plug coalescence and plug–plug contamination can be eliminated from the splitting process and the symmetry of splitting can be preserved. Furthermore, single-outlet splitting devices were implemented with both valve- and volume-based methods for coordinating the release of output arrays. Arrays of plugs containing commercial sparse matrix screens were obtained from the presented splitting method and these arrays were used in protein crystallization trials. The techniques presented in this paper may facilitate the implementation of high-throughput chemical and biological screening.
Final-state delocalization in the LiF core-valence-(F-center) Auger transition

Abstract The linewidth of the LiF core-valence-(F-center) Auger transition — when compared with that of the valence band photoemission and with those of the core-valence-valence Auger transitions — indicates a delocalized, apparently “band-like”, final state. This is accounted for in terms of various estimates of the final-state correlation energy.
The Face of Public Health Nursing: Carol Maureen Easley Allen

CAROL EASLEY ALLEN, PHD, RN, is a thinker, a doer, and a changer. Allen is a product and a shaper of her times. The immediate past president of the American Public Health Association, She is among the first post– Civil-Rights-era generation of African American women public health leaders and college administrators and is helping to define both of these pivotal roles. This public health leader' work flows directly from who she is and where she comes from. Allen serves the poor with respect and understanding drawn from her own roots in poverty. Her special relationship with her twin sister, Cheryl Easley, has inspired, molded, and spurred both sisters' careers in public health. Above all, Allen is a public health nurse with a passion for her profession. She waxes eloquent about carrying the black bag of the public health nurse and passing the public health nursing legacy on to the next generation.
The 1982 Control Network of Mars

Attention is given to a planet-wide control network of Mars that was computed in September 1982 using a large single-block analytical triangulation with 47,524 measurements of 6853 control points on 1054 Mariner 9 and 757 Viking pictures. In all, 19,139 normal equations were solved, with a resulting standard error of measurement of 18.06 microns. The control points identified by name and letter designation are given, as are the aerographic coordinates of the control points. In addition, the coordinates of the Viking I lander site are given: latitude, 22.480 deg; longitude, 47.962 deg (radius, 3389.32 km). This study expands and updates the previously published network (1978). It is noted that the computation differs in many respects from standard aerial mapping photogrammetric practice. In comparison with aerial mapping photography, the television formats are small and the focal lengths are long; stereo coverage is rare, the scale of the pictures varies greatly, and the residual camera distortions are large.
The Meaning of Continued Hearing Sense under General Chemo-Anesthesia: A Progress Report and Report of a Case

(1966). The Meaning of Continued Hearing Sense under General Chemo-Anesthesia: A Progress Report and Report of a Case. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 275-280.
Computational Study of Conformational Transitions in the Active Site of Tosyl-.alpha.-chymotrypsin

The motion of the tosyl group covalently bound in the active site of α-chymotrypsin has been studied using an empirical force field. A previously developed method employing an adiabatic projection of the potential energy hypersurface onto a small number of essential degrees of freedom has been used to determine multidimensional reaction paths for the rotation of the tosyl aromatic ring within and its movement out of the specificity pocket of the enzyme. The conformation of the specificity pocket was found to change under stochastic boundary, molecular dynamics simulations. The shape of the paths and the height of the calculated energy barriers were affected substantially by this conformational change
Numerical methods for colorimetric calculations: A comparison of integration methods

Numerical methods for estimating colorimetric integrals using various data intervals are reviewed. Accuracy of Newton-Cotes and Gaussian numerical integration algorithms are compared. Tables of calorimetric data for performing Gauss-Legendre integration are presented. Appropriate numerical examples are presented and applicability to general and special cases is discussed. the B-spline method of integration is presented. Errors of integration are quantified and discussed. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Prevalence and economic well-being of families raising multiple children with disabilities

Abstract This study estimates the prevalence of households raising more than one child with disabilities, and examines these families' economic well-being. Using pooled data from the 2004 and 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation we compare households with multiple children with disabilities (n = 932) to households with one disable child (n = 3457) and to households with at least one child but none with disabilities (n = 21,378) on measures of material hardship. Three percent of U.S. households with children had more than one disabled child. Compared to other households with children, those with multiple children with disabilities were significantly more likely to have income below the federal poverty level and to report material hardships. The number of children with disabilities is an important contextual variable for studying the economic circumstances under which, care is provided to children with disabilities. Its implications for practice and policy are discussed.
Polymorphisms in the CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) and -5 (CCR5) genes and risk of coronary heart disease among US women.

Abstract Objective Genetic variation in CC-chemokine receptor-2 (CCR2) and -5 (CCR5), and their common haplotypes, acting through inflammatory responses, may affect atherosclerosis and risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Method and results We examined seven common variants in the CCR2 and CCR5 loci and risk of CHD among women in the Nurses' Health Study. During 8 years of follow-up, we documented 248 incident cases of nonfatal myocardial infarction and fatal CHD, and matched controls 2:1 based on age and smoking. The distribution of alleles was similar between cases and controls. The haplotype-specific odds ratios (ORs) were not statistically significant nor was the globally-adjusted p -value ( p =0.61). However, there was a statistically significant association for CCR5-Δ32 and A58755G (rs2856758) between cases and controls comparing age of onset p , interaction=0.04). The CCR5-Δ32 was in linkage disequilibrium with 58755G, and a similar association was observed for having the 58755G. Conclusions In this population, CCR2–CCR5 haplotypes were not associated with risk of CHD. However, our data suggest a strong inverse association for certain CCR5 variants and early age of CHD onset.
Development of a high speed UWB GPR for rebar detection

This paper presents the development of a new air coupled ultra wideband (UWB) ground penetrating radar (GPR) for highway pavement and bridge deck inspections. Comparing with many existing highway GPRs of low survey speeds, our system can achieve high spatial resolution and high inspection performance while operating on vehicles driving at regular highway speed. For design validation, steel reinforcing bar detection experiments in different setup conditions are conducted.
Modern CFAR techniques in heterogeneous radar clutter scenarios

This talk will provide an overview of adaptive radar signal processing starting from the early work of Howells, Applebaum and Widrow on adaptive arrays. The sample matrix inverter (SMI) method and its variants will be discussed in some detail. The focus of the discussion will be on the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) characteristics. These methods are based on the formation and inversion of a sample covariance matrix. Problems encountered in covariance estimation on account of heterogeneous training data will be discussed from a phenomenological, systems, and statistical perspective. The resulting impact on adaptive processing performance will be addressed. Statistical and ad hoc techniques for characterizing heterogeneous training data will be discussed. Intelligent training data selection schemes will be presented and analyzed. The performance of candidate adaptive processing methods employing intelligent training data selection will be presented using simulated and measured data. This course is suited for both the practicing engineer seeking practical aspects of basic and advanced adaptive radar techniques as well as for scientists and engineers from academia and government interested in a tutorial exposition emphasizing theoretical aspects of adaptive radar.
A Structural Study of Some Metal Diethyldithiocarbamate Chelates by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Abstract The diethyldithiocarbamate chelates of copper (II), lead (II) and tin (IV) have been prepared and characterized. Pure or nearly pure metal diethyldithiocarbamate (DEDTC) chelates could be prepared through recrystallization. The x-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) for the recrystallized samples were obtained. Three different carbons (C Is) in the diethyldithiocarbamate molecule can be recognized through a computer deconvolution system. Sulfer 2p showed two peaks of spin doublet S 2p1/2 and S 2p3/2. Based on the XPS results we may conclude that the diethyldithiocarbamate ligand forms an unusual 4-membered chelate ring structure with the metal ion, both sulfur having bonding with the metal. The N in the DEDTC may also bind with the metal.
Hybrid Inorganic/organic complementary circuits using PEALD ZnO and ink-jet printed diF-TESADT TFTs

Abstract We report hybrid organic/inorganic complementary circuits using ink-jet-printed fluorinated 5,11-bis(triethylsilylethynyl) anthradithiophene (diF-TESADT) as the p-channel material and zinc oxide deposited by plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) as the n-channel material. Using a mixed solvent system, discrete ink-jet printed diF-TESADT OTFTs have field effect mobility as large as 0.4 cm2/V s. PEALD ZnO TFTs typically have field-effect mobility >15 cm2/V s. Using p-type diF-TESADT and n-type ZnO active layers in a simple, 4-mask, 1 ink jet printing step, low temperature ( ⩽ 200 ° C process we fabricated complimentary MOS (CMOS) inverters with maximum voltage gain of 35 and sub-pA leakage currents for both low and high input levels.
Glutamic dehydrogenase from sarcosomes of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans) and the blowfly (Sarcophaga nodosa)

Abstract Glutamic dehydrogenase was isolated from mitochondria of the flight muscles of tsetse flies and its properties were investigated. It is NAD-specific, has a relatively low pH optimum, is activated by ADP and AMP, and is inhibited by ATP, GDP, and ITP. The extent of activation by adenine nucleotides depends on phosphate concentration. Enzyme activity is much higher in sarcosomes of the tsetse fly than in those of the blowfly, and it is concluded that the enzyme may play an important part in the oxidation of proline during early phases of flight in the tsetse.
Cinderella’s Ashes - New Women, Old Fairytales

This paper brings into focus the feminine qualities that heroines in Western fairy tales possess, as well as the roles they traditionally perform. The heroines are either rewarded or punished in accordance to how well they fit the feminine pattern, while the association of femininity with the female clearly indicates the social impact of gender ideology. Two variations on the Cinderella story will illustrate how feminist revisions of fairytales upset this rigid division.
Atypical fibrous histiocytoma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, malignant histiocytoma, and epithelioid sarcoma.A comparative study of 65 tumors

This study concerns 65 patients with fibrohistiocytic tumors that microscopically had a bizarre and often malignant appearance. Four histologic types were recognized: atypical fibrous histiocytoma (18 tumors), malignant fibrous histiocytoma (33 tumors), malignant histiocytoma (seven tumors), and epithelioid sarcoma (seven tumors). Twenty-one of the tumors (18 malignant) evolved from the superficial tissues and 44 (29 malignant) from the deep soft tissues. Local recurrences were noted in 73% of the patients treated by local excision. Metastases occurred in 19 patients (regional lymph nodes in 13 instances and lungs in 14 instances). Five-year survival rates were 90% for the group with atypical fibrous histiocytoma, 64% for the group with malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 50% for the group with malignant histiocytoma, and 100% for the group with epithelioid sarcoma; the 10-year survival rates were 80%, 38%, 0%, and 80%, respectively. Although everyone may not agree with the concept of tissue histiocyte origin, the lesions do present a definite histologic range with recognizable transitions from the atypical through the malignant forms.
Using assemblage data in ecological indicators: A comparison and evaluation of commonly available statistical tools

Abstract Ecological indicators are science-based tools used to assess how human activities have impacted environmental resources. For monitoring and environmental assessment, existing species assemblage data can be used to make these comparisons through time or across sites. An impediment to using assemblage data, however, is that these data are complex and need to be simplified in an ecologically meaningful way. Because multivariate statistics are mathematical relationships, statistical groupings may not make ecological sense and will not have utility as indicators. Our goal was to define a process to select defensible and ecologically interpretable statistical simplifications of assemblage data in which researchers and managers can have confidence. For this, we chose a suite of statistical methods, compared the groupings that resulted from these analyses, identified convergence among groupings, then we interpreted the groupings using species and ecological guilds. When we tested this approach using a statewide stream fish dataset, not all statistical methods worked equally well. For our dataset, logistic regression (Log), detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), cluster analysis (CL), and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) provided consistent, simplified output. Specifically, the Log, DCA, CL-1, and NMDS-1 groupings were ≥60% similar to each other, overlapped with the fluvial-specialist ecological guild, and contained a common subset of species. Groupings based on number of species (e.g., Log, DCA, CL and NMDS) outperformed groupings based on abundance [e.g., principal components analysis (PCA) and Poisson regression]. Although the specific methods that worked on our test dataset have generality, here we are advocating a process (e.g., identifying convergent groupings with redundant species composition that are ecologically interpretable) rather than the automatic use of any single statistical tool. We summarize this process in step-by-step guidance for the future use of these commonly available ecological and statistical methods in preparing assemblage data for use in ecological indicators.
Succinate inhibition of the ethanolamine to choline conversion

Abstract Succinate inhibition of the in vitro conversion of ethanolamine-1,2-C14 to choline is reported. Agents preventing oxidation of choline and succinate respectively, ie., cyanide and malonate, did not affect the inhibitory phenomenon thus indicating the apparent absence of accelerated choline oxidation or the oxidative cycle of succinate as a cause of the lack of appearance of radioactive choline. Glycine was observed to partially inhibit the succinate effect.
A method of high-resolution data acquisition☆

Abstract A system for modulating the energy of a Van de Graaff accelerator, while also correcting for the time-dependent fluctuations has been developed allowing cross-section data to be taken with a multichannel analyser. As much as 20 keV can be taken at one time. Combined with a windowless gas target data has been taken with 250 eV resolution.
Chromosomal Evolution and Speciation Revisited

Many descriptive models of chromosomal evolution have been formulated over the past two decades. We review the assumptions and predictions of these models and consider some pertinent evidence. One model of adaptive divergence, the canalization model, is difficult to test, and where predictions are explicitly stated, empirical data generally do not support the model. However, few adequate data sets are available to test this hypothesis, and it deserves further study. Several process-oriented models of chromosomal speciation are reviewed with respect to genetic isolating mechanisms, the fitness components of individual rearrangements, and the permissible population structures. From the last we attempt to estimate qualitatively the expected genetic correlates of each model to maximize its testability. Theoretical and empirical inadequacies are discussed and suggestions are made for improvement. Both phyletic and spe- ciation models of chromosomal evolution have often been based on broad comparative studies of large taxonomic groups, but more precise testing will require multidisciplinary population- level studies of organisms hypothesized to be undergoing some form of chromosomally-mediated speciation or adaptive radiation. (Chromosomes; canalization; speciation.)
The FATP1–DGAT2 complex facilitates lipid droplet expansion at the ER–lipid droplet interface

At the subcellular level, fat storage is confined to the evolutionarily conserved compartments termed lipid droplets (LDs), which are closely associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the molecular mechanisms that enable ER–LD interaction and facilitate neutral lipid loading into LDs are poorly understood. In this paper, we present evidence that FATP1/acyl-CoA synthetase and DGAT2/diacylglycerol acyltransferase are components of a triglyceride synthesis complex that facilitates LD expansion. A loss of FATP1 or DGAT2 function blocked LD expansion in Caenorhabditis elegans. FATP1 preferentially associated with DGAT2, and they acted synergistically to promote LD expansion in mammalian cells. Live imaging indicated that FATP1 and DGAT2 are ER and LD resident proteins, respectively, and electron microscopy revealed FATP1 and DGAT2 foci close to the LD surface. Furthermore, DGAT2 that was retained in the ER failed to support LD expansion. We propose that the evolutionarily conserved FATP1–DGAT2 complex acts at the ER–LD interface and couples the synthesis and deposition of triglycerides into LDs both physically and functionally.
Synthesis of triple [14C]‐labeled moxonidine

The synthesis of radiolabeled antihypertensive compound [2,4,6-14C3]-4-chloro-5-(imidazolidin-2-ylidenimino)-6-methoxy-2-methylpyrimidine ([14C3]moxonidine) was accomplished based on condensation of [1-14C]acetamidine with diethyl [1,3-14C2]malonate to form [2,4,6-14C3]-4,6-dihydroxy-2-methylpyrimidine. Subsequent nitration, chlorination, and hydrogenation gave [2,4,6-14C3]-4,6-dichloro-2-methyl-5-aminopyrimidine. The final product was obtained after the coupling of the above aminopyrimidine with 1-acetylimidazolidin-2-one, followed by hydrolysis using sodium methoxide. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of an Undifferentiated Malignancy as a Mast Cell Tumor Using Mutation Analysis in the Proto-Oncogene c-KIT

A 6.5-year-old female Boxer was euthanized and presented for necropsy following rapid clinical decline concomitant with the development of numerous tumor masses. The largest of these masses was in the same location as a mast cell tumor that had been previously removed from this dog. Gross examination revealed the presence of nodules 5-200 mm in diameter throughout the body, including the lymph nodes. Histologic analysis showed an influx of round cells with no granules, leading to the provisional diagnosis of systemic lymphosarcoma. Immunohistochemical staining for B- and T-lymphocyte antigens was negative. Molecular tests were used to identify a tandem duplication in the c-KIT proto-oncogene from both the earlier mast cell tumor and the current nodules, implicating a common origin. Addition of molecular testing to conventional necropsy evaluations allowed a definitive diagnosis of mast cell tumors.
OBTAINING A STERILIZED SOIL FOR THE GROWTH OF ONOCLEA GAMETOPHYTES

Summary Autoclaved soils totally inhibited germination of spores of the fern, Onoclea sensibilis. Gamma-irradiated soil sometimes allowed germination and growth, whereas germination and growth on ashed soil was entirely reproducible. All methods of sterilization produced sterile soil, but only ashing produced a medium acceptable for use in other experiments. Experiments with mineral solutions suggest that the failure of sterilized soil to support germination is due to toxic compounds rather than nutrient deficiency. Ashing the toxic soils removed the inhibitory compounds, which seemed to be related to the breakdown of organic matter during sterilization by autoclaving and gamma irradiation. On gamma-irradiated soil, germination was promoted by removal of ethylene from the atmosphere around the spores, but subsequent growth failed, probably due to other inhibitors formed in the soil during irradiation.
Regulation and pharmacology of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore

The ‘mitochondrial permeability transition', characterized by a sudden induced change of the inner mitochondrial membrane permeability for water as well as for small substances (≤1.5 kDa), has been known for three decades. Research interest in the entity responsible for this phenomenon, the ‘mitochondrial permeability transition pore’ (mPTP), has dramatically increased after demonstration that it plays a key role in the life and death decision in cells. Therefore, a better understanding of this phenomenon and its regulation by environmental stresses, kinase signalling, and pharmacological intervention is vital. The characterization of the molecular identity of the mPTP will allow identification of possible pharmacological targets and assist in drug design for its precise regulation. However, despite extensive research efforts, at this point the pore-forming core component(s) of the mPTP remain unidentified. Pivotal new genetic evidence has shown that components once believed to be core elements of the mPTP (namely mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocator and cyclophilin D) are instead only mPTP regulators (or in the case of voltage-dependent anion channels, probably entirely dispensable). This review provides an update on the current state of knowledge regarding the regulation of the mPTP.
Solving In-Circuit Defect Coverage Holes with a Novel Boundary Scan Application

Virtual test access, offered by boundary-scan at in-circuit test (ICT), is insufficient for the challenges of next generation's high density printed circuit boards (PCBs). The loss of test access translates to loss of defect coverage. This paper describes a novel use of existing technologies that increases the effectiveness of boundary-scan.
QD barcodes for biosensing and detection

Multiplexed nanobarcodes have been prepared with quantum dots (QDs) and amphiphilic copolymers consisted of hydrocarbons and maleic anhydride groups. In homogenous solution, the QD-polymer complexes self-assemble into nanobeads with narrow size dispersity, which has been previously achieved only for micrometer-sized beads in the presence of solid supports. More than 250 QDs can be loaded into a nanobead of 100 nm in diameter. Using this new generation of nanoprobe, sensitive detection of human prostate specific antigen (PSA) has also been demonstrated. This new technology is expected to open new opportunities in nanoparticle-based ultrasensitive and multiplexed detection and sensing.
Religious identity and 'secular' employment: A case study of young Muslim women graduates in the Sydney workforce

Information obtained from the Australian Bureau of Statistics reveals that Muslim women attend Australian universities in greater proportion than non-Muslim women. They are graduating with qualifications that equip them for employment in the professional workforce. While some elect to work within what might be viewed as a ‘protected’ environment in Muslim-run or Muslim-focused businesses or organisations, many others enter the general workforce. This paper explores the major issues and concerns for Muslim women especially within a secular workplace, and raises questions about the ways in which they can maintain a strong Muslim identity within the challenges presented by that workplace.
Fertility from Evening and Daytime Artificial Insemination of Chickens

Abstract Moore and Byerly (1942) and Malmstrom (1943) showed that chicken hens laid a lower percentage of fertile eggs if they had a hard-shelled egg in the uterus at the time of artificial insemination. This suggests that for high fertility, hens should not be inseminated when a high percentage of them have hard-shelled eggs in their oviducts. In naturally mated flocks both Gracewski and Scott (1943) and Parker (1950) observed that fertility of eggs was higher when mating was restricted to the afternoon as compared with the forenoon. Parker (1945) and Bornstein et al. (1960) reported higher fertility from p.m. than from a.m. artificial inseminations although a less pronounced difference was reported by the latter. To determine the effects of the time of artificial inseminations and of the length of the following egg-saving period on fertility two experiments were conducted with White Leghorn chickens. In the first, 16 rows of 15…
GAUGE-INVARIANT CHARGE NONCONSERVING PROCESSES AND THE SOLAR NEUTRINO PUZZLE

Using Kaluza-Klein’s five-dimensional unified theory as an example, we show that when the metric depends on a hidden dimension, only a gauge-invariant combination of the charge and mass of a particle: Q2/16πG−M2, is a constant of motion, but not M and Q separately. This indicates that in a spacetime with hidden dimensions, the charge of a particle is not absolutely conserved. There are gauge-invariant charge nonconserving processes that change the particle’s charge and mass. Neutrino oscillations resulting from such processes may have relevance to the solar neutrino puzzle.
Endothelial gaps as sites for plasma leakage in inflammation.

Objective:In 1961, Majno and Palade proposed that plasma leakage in acute inflammation caused by histamine, serotonin, or bradykinin results via gaps that form between endothelial cells of postcapillary venules. Now the relevance of endothelial gaps in plasma leakage is being questioned. The purpose of this review is to summarize experimental evidence from our studies showing that endothelial gaps participate in plasma leakage in inflammation. Methods:Using neurogenic inflammation as a model of plasma leakage in acute inflammation, we compared five methods to determine whether endothelial gaps form in the microvasculature of the rat trachea. 1) Endothelial cell borders and gaps were stained with silver nitrate and visualized by light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. 2) The luminal surface of endothelial cells was examined by scanning electron microscopy. 3) The luminal surface of endothelial cells was stained with a biotinylated lectin and avidin-biotin-peroxidase histochemistry, and then ...
Coupling of branes and normalization of effective actions in string or M theory

We discuss issues involving p(D)-brane charge quantization and the normalization of effective actions, in string or M theory. We also construct the action of (the bosonic sector of) eleven-dimensional supergravity in the presence of two- and five-branes and discuss (perturbative) anomaly cancellation. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Disrupted mechanical stability of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex causes severe muscular dystrophy in sarcospan transgenic mice

The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex spans the muscle plasma membrane and provides a mechanical linkage between laminin in the extracellular matrix and actin in the intracellular cytoskeleton. Within the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, the sarcoglycans and sarcospan constitute a subcomplex of transmembrane proteins that stabilize alpha-dystroglycan, a receptor for laminin and other components of the extracellular matrix. In order to elucidate the function of sarcospan, we generated transgenic mice that overexpress sarcospan in skeletal muscle. Sarcospan transgenic mice with moderate (tenfold) levels of sarcospan overexpression exhibit a severe phenotype that is similar to mouse models of laminin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy (MD). Sarcospan transgenic mice display severe kyphosis and die prematurely between 6 and 10 weeks of age. Histological analysis reveals that sarcospan expression causes muscle pathology marked by increased muscle fiber degeneration and/or regeneration. Sarcospan transgenic muscle does not display sarcolemma damage, which is distinct from dystrophin- and sarcoglycan-deficient muscular dystrophies. We show that sarcospan clusters the sarcoglycans into insoluble protein aggregates and causes destabilization of alpha-dystroglycan. Evidence is provided to demonstrate abnormal extracellular matrix assembly, which represents a probable pathological mechanism for the severe and lethal dystrophic phenotype. Taken together, these data suggest that sarcospan plays an important mechanical role in stabilizing the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex.
Analysis of Vitamin D Analog-Induced Heterodimerization of Vitamin D Receptor with Retinoid X Receptor Using the Yeast Two-Hybrid System

Several synthetic analogs of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3[ 1,25-(OH)2D3] are potent inducers of cellular differentiation and inhibitors of cell growth, yet they are less calcemic than 1,25-(OH)2D3 itself. The mechanisms by which these vitamin D analogs elicit a different profile of cellular activities than 1,25-(OH)2D3 are not fully understood. We propose that the analogs bind to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) to produce a conformational change that is more or less constrained than that induced by 1,25-(OH)2D3. This conformational change determines the extent of the VDR-retinoid X receptor (RXR) heterodimerization which, in turn, determines the interaction with other factors that specify the selectivity and magnitude of gene transactivation. We used the yeast two-hybrid system to evaluate a series of six vitamin D analogs for their ability to induce VDR-RXR heterodimerization. The VDR-RXR interaction was elicited by the analogs in a concentration-dependent manner. To evaluate how this activity compared with ot...
Evaluation of photochemical tissue bonding for closure of skin incisions and excisions

Background and Objectives Photochemical tissue bonding (PTB) is a new non-thermal technique for tissue repair involving application of a photochemically active dye and irradiation with visible light. The objective was to compare PTB with standard sutures and the tissue adhesive, octyl cyanoacrylate, for closure of skin incisions and excisions. Study Design/Materials and Methods Incisions and excisions made on the flanks of a Hanford mini-pig were secured with subcutaneous sutures. Superficial closure methods were 3–0 monofilament sutures, PTB (Rose Bengal and green light), tissue adhesive and the combination of tissue adhesive then PTB. Wounds were evaluated 2, 4, and 6 weeks postoperatively for cosmetic outcomes and histology. Results Cosmetic outcomes and histological scar width of incisions and excisions did not differ among the treatment groups at 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Conclusion PTB is as effective as standard sutures for wound closure in porcine skin in terms of cosmetic outcomes and safety. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
High-Level Inducible Expression of Visual Pigments in Transfected Cells

A method for high-level expression of a functionally active, recombinant human red cone opsin was developed by adding the coding sequence for the C-terminal epitope of bovine rhodopsin onto the C t...
Effect of Irrigation Method on Water Conservation

Water use efficiency and economic factors as a basis for the selection of irrigation methods for farm systems and projects are examined. A brief review of comparative studies of water application and operational efficiencies is presented. This review indicates that farmers obtain approximately the same application efficiency with sprinkler irrigation as do research workers. The researchers, however, obtain considerably higher efficiencies than farmers when using surface irrigation methods. A review of comparative irrigation costs demonstrates the relative cost between methods and facilities when the limiting resource is land or water. The effect of methods on the management of both farms and projects is considered.
Methoprene for control of the horn fly: a sustained-release bolus formulation for cattle.

A sustained release bolus containing 1% methoprene inhibited the development of Haematobia irritans (L.) in the manure of treated cattle for an average 10–12 weeks. A 40-g bolus with a specific gravity of ca. 2.1 was retained in the reticulum of cattle. Erosion of the bolus, apparently the principal mechanism of release of the methoprene, decreased from ca. 0.4 g/day after 10 days in the animal to ca. 0.2 g/day at 90 days.
A Thermodynamic Approach in Tuning Phase Stability in Nanocomposite Multilayers

Changes in the crystallographic phase stability of individual layers in a multilayered thin film stack are expected to have a significant influence upon the functional properties of the structure. The ability to predict and tune these phase stability states is of relevant importance in order to maximize the functional properties of the multilayer. A classical thermodynamic methodology, based upon competitive volumetric and interfacial free energies, has been used in the prediction and subsequent confirmation of the hcp to bcc phase stability in a Ti/Nb multilayer. An outcome of this model is a new type of phase stability diagram that can be used to predict the hcp Ti and bcc Ti phase stability as a function of length scale and volume fraction. The Ti layers were subsequently alloyed with a bcc-stabilizing element. The alloyed sputtered deposited Ti layers were able to stabilize the bcc Ti phase to a larger layer thickness as compared to the unalloyed Ti/Nb multilayers. The percentage of alloying element added to the Ti layer in controlling the critical transition thickness between the two phase states had good agreement with the predictions proposed by the thermodynamic model.
Insect Pests Affecting Commercial Crops in the Lower Rio Grande Valley

This paper discusses briefly the various insect pests affecting cotton, truck crops and citrus in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas, the nature of control measures practised and some of the experimental results obtained at the Lower Rio Grande Valley Experiment Station.
Nanotube Formation: A Rapid Form of “Alarm Signaling”?

Abstract Purpose Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) are extremely thin (50–200 nm), actin-containing cell surface protrusions up to a few microns in length that can develop rapidly and connect various cell types. Mast cells (MCs) are unique immunomodulatory cells that are found perivascularly in all tissues. MCs communicate with many other cell types through the release of inflammatory, neurosensitizing, and vasoactive molecules, through which they are involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases. We, therefore, investigated the possibility that MCs may form TNTs and communicate among themselves and with glioblastoma cells. Methods Laboratory Allergic Diseases (LAD)-2 human MCs were cultured in medium supplemented with 100 U/mL penicillin/streptomycin and 100 ng/mL recombinant human stem cell factor. They were incubated with 20 nmol/L deep red probe for 20 minutes and 50 nmol/L green probe for 30 minutes. Human glioblastoma cells were incubated with 20 nmol/L deep red probe only, moved to glass-bottom culture dishes, and observed using a substance P 2 confocal microscope. LAD2 MCs were stimulated with 2 µmol/L of the peptide substance P for 30 minutes at 37oC. Confocal digital images were processed. Findings MCs can rapidly (within 5 minutes) form TNTs, which appear to transport mitochondrial and secretory granule particles among themselves and with cocultured glioblastoma cells. Implications MCs are now accepted as having an important role in many diseases with an inflammatory component. TNTs provide a rapid and direct way for MCs to "alarm" other cell types with specificity not present when mediators are secreted into the tissue microenvironment. The identification of TNTs and their cargo could be important in the diagnosis and possible treatment of many inflammatory diseases.
Older adults can inhibit high-probability competitors in speech recognition

Abstract Younger and older adults identified a series of target words spoken in sentence contexts from their onsets only (i.e., word-onset gating). Sentences were drawn from published norms so that the contextual probabilities of the final words were known. the target words were always the second most probable responses to the sentence contexts, and the probabilities of the target words and the most likely alternatives were systematically varied. Results showed that older adults required more word-onset information for correct recognition, and their responses were more affected by the probability of the occurrence of the target word, supporting previous suggestions that older listeners differentially rely on contextual support in spoken word recognition. Contrary to the Inhibition Hypothesis, however, that older adults have especial difficulty suppressing irrelevant information once it is activited, elders' ability to recognize the target was not particularly disrupted by the presence of a high-probabilit...
Assisted versus asserted autonomy satisfaction: Their unique associations with wellbeing, integration of experience, and conflict negotiation

We investigate the possibility of two distinct approaches to autonomy satisfaction—one that is contextually “assisted” and one that is individually “asserted”. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (Pilot Study and Study 1; N = 449) develop and validate the two-factor structure. We then show that asserted and assisted autonomy orientations predict psychological wellbeing through distinct pathways (i.e., highly active/agentic vs. interdependent). In Study 2 (N = 206), we examine the sociodevelopmental antecedents of each type of autonomy satisfaction, revealing that assisted autonomy is associated with having had authoritiative parents, whereas asserted autonomy is associated with having had authoritarian parents. In Study 3 (N = 109) we show that asserted—but not assisted—autonomy predicts the integration of negative life experiences. Finally, in Study 4 (N = 202), we examine the degree to which assisted and asserted autonomy moderate responses to conflict in need-thwarting contexts, showing that assisted autonomy predicts an acquiescent coping style, whereas asserted autonomy predicts an assertive negotiation style.
Collision detection methods for high-speed virtual simulation objects

In virtual reality simulation, simulated objects under high-speed motion are easy to occur collision detection omission and inaccurate initial point of collision detection at adjacent discrete time point, considering this problem, collision detection methods of functions motion with time are given, which are based on integration of relative motion and space geometrical operation. Relative motion theory is used to reckon movable coordinates transformation matrix functional equation, perform space curve and geometry intersecting test under new motion path, pre-calculate collision time and initial point of collision, finally move and transform this collision point back to system coordinate space and achieve collision position under motion state. This method can effectively and accurately detect the problem of collision under high-speed motion.