cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Water Quality, Weather and Lunar Phase on Crawfish Catch

The relationship between water quality, weather, lunar phase and daily changes in crawfish (Proearnbums clurkii) catch per unit effort (CPUE) was determined in five experimental crawfish ponds from March through May, 1984 and 1985. Air and water temperatures, solar radiation, dissolved oxygen, wind velocity, barometric pressure, precipitation and lunar phase were recorded daily during the harvesting phase of the study. Crawfish CPUE (g/trap/24 h) was significantly correlated with water temperature, dissolved oxygen, lunar phase, barometric pressure, wind velocity and the relative density of harvestable size crawfish. Most statistically significant environmental or climatological variables explained less than 20% total daily variation in crawfish CPUE. The nine environmental variables were reduced to four factors—temperature-harvestable crawfish, cold fronts, rain showers, and lunar phase—with principal-components analysis. Eighty-five percent of the variation in daily crawfish catch was attributed to water temperature and relative density of harvestable crawfish, and 7.1% was explained by lunar phase. Rain showers and cold fronts accounted for 4.8 and 2.5% of the daily variation in crawfish CPUE, respectively. Crawfish catch increased with an increase in water temperature and relative abundance of harvestable crawfish, and with short duration rain showers. Conversely, crawfish CPUE declined with the approach of full moon and with passage of cold fronts.
Hybrid Gels for Homoepitactic Nucleation of Mullite

Hybrid gels, defined as gels from mixtures of polymerically and colloidally derived sols, offer many opportunities for crystalline microstructure development upon heating. In this study, hybrid mullite gels are formed by mixing a colloidal boehmite—silica sol with a polymeric aluminum nitrate—tetraethoxysilane-derived sol. The polymeric gel crystallizes in situ to form mullite that acts as seed crystals for homoepitactic nucleation during the subsequent transformation of the colloidal component of the hybrid gel. Compared with the entirely colloidal gel, the introduction of a 30 wt% polymeric gel fraction results in an increase in apparent nucleation frequency from ∼5x1011 to ∼1x1014 nuclei / cm3 at 1375°C, a reduction in high-temperature grain size from 1.4 to 0.4 μm at 1550°C, and an increase in the degree of microstructural homogeneity, as evidenced by intragranular pore removal.
Varying sample sizes for the co-evolution of heterogeneous agents

The evolution of a heterogeneous team is a complex problem. Evolving teams if a single population can retard the GA's ability to specialize emergent behavior, but co-evolution requires a system for evaluation at trial time. If two few combinations of partners are tested, the GA is unable to recognize fit agents; if too many agents are tested, the resultant computation time becomes excessive. We created a system based on punctuated anytime learning that only periodically tests samples of partner combinations to reduce computation time and tested a variety of sample sizes. In this paper, we present a successful method of varying the sample sizes, dependent on the level of fitness, using a box pushing task for comparison.
Selective Di- or Trimethylation of Histone H3 Lysine 76 by Two DOT1 Homologs Is Important for Cell Cycle Regulation in Trypanosoma brucei

DOT1 is an evolutionarily conserved histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase. K79 methylation is associated with transcriptional activation, meiotic checkpoint control, and DNA double-strand break (DSB) responses. Trypanosoma brucei has two homologs, DOT1A and DOT1B, which are responsible for dimethylation and trimethylation of H3K76, respectively (K76 in T. brucei is synonymous to K79 in other organisms). K76 dimethylation is only detectable during mitosis, whereas trimethylation occurs throughout the cell cycle. Deletion of DOT1B resulted in dimethylation of K76 throughout the cell cycle and caused subtle defects in cell cycle regulation and impaired differentiation. RNAi-mediated depletion of DOT1A appears to disrupt a mitotic checkpoint, resulting in premature progression through mitosis without DNA replication, generating a high proportion of cells with a haploid DNA content, an unprecedented state for trypanosomes. We propose that DOT1A and DOT1B influence the trypanosome cell cycle by regulating the degree of H3K76 methylation.
Nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in a rat model of binge eating

Binge eating (BE) is a difficult-to-treat behavior with high relapse rates, thus complicating several disorders including obesity. In this study, we tested the effects of high-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) in a rodent model of BE. We hypothesized that BE rats receiving high-frequency DBS in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core would have reduced binge sizes compared with sham stimulation in both a ‘chronic BE’ model as well as in a ‘relapse to chronic BE’ model. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (N=18) were implanted with stimulating electrodes in bilateral NAc core, and they received either active stimulation (N=12) or sham stimulation (N=6) for the initial chronic BE experiments. After testing in the chronic BE state, rats did not engage in binge sessions for 1 month, and then resumed binge sessions (relapse to chronic BE) with active or sham stimulation (N=5–7 per group). A significant effect of intervention group was observed on binge size in the chronic BE state, but no significant difference between intervention groups was observed in the relapse to chronic BE experiments. This research, making use of both a chronic BE model as well as a relapse to chronic BE model, provides data supporting the hypothesis that DBS of the NAc core can decrease BE. Further research will be needed to learn how to increase the effect size and decrease deep brain stimulation-treatment outcome variability across the continuum of BE behavior.
Convexity and independence in software metric theory

Much work has been published in recent years relating to the field of hierarchical software metrics. These are the structural measures, defined recursively over the program or flowgraph decomposition into sequences of prime flowgraphs, nested level-by-level. The theory of hierarchical metrics is generalised and extended well beyond its original framework, introducing a notion of convexity that permits combinations of (generalised) hierarchical metrics to be studied, so that weights can be given to various software attributes of interest to the individual investigator. It is found that certain concepts, for example those of independence and rank, that have their roots in linear algebra are applicable here. Examples are described that show the range of application of these fundamental notions.
Outcomes of an International Audiology Service-Learning Study-Abroad Program.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate students' academic and civic learning, with particular interest in cultural competence, gained through participation in the Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences in Zambia study-abroad program. Method Twelve female students participated in the program. Quantitative data collected included pre- and postprogram administration of the Public Affairs Scale (Levesque-Bristol & Cornelius-White, 2012) to measure changes in participants' civic learning. Qualitative data included journals, end-of-program reflection papers, videos, and researcher field notes. Feedback was also obtained from community-partner organizations via a questionnaire and rating scale. Results Comparison of the pre- and postprogram Public Affairs Scale data showed a significant increase in cultural competence and a marginal increase in community engagement at the conclusion of the program. Qualitative data showed that participants' cultural awareness was increased, they benefited from hands-o...
Diagnosed and treated of wheezing by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in children:An analysis of 42 cases

Objective To explore the value of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of wheezing cases in children.Methods Clinical data of 42 wheezing cases in children were retrospectived from our department,Oct.2011 to May.2012.Fiberoptic bronchoscopy was used to identify the pathogeny,perform therapy with bronchoalveolar lavage and medicine injection.Results Diagnosed by fiberoptic bronchoscopy,there were 16 cased with inflammation(38%),12 cases with bronchomalacia(28.6%),7 cases with bronchial foreign bodies(16.7%),4 cases with tracheal stenosis(9.5%),3 cases with congenital malformation(7.1%).Optimal effect was acquired after bronchoalveolar lavage and medicine injection in cases with obvious inflammation,bronchomalacia,tracheal stenosis.Bronchial foreign bodies of 7 cases were removed successfully.Complications observed were transient.Conclusion Bronchus inflammation,bronchomalacia,foreign bodies were main reasons in these cases,fiberoptic bronchoscopy is of significant value in the etiologic identification and treatment of wheezing cases in children.
A theoretical framework for trust management in vehicular ad hoc networks

We present a theoretical framework that provides a logical structure for information collection, information analysis, and decision making in a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) environment. Our framework begins by describing a threat model. Then we introduce mechanisms for excluding malicious vehicles and messages from corrupting the system. We introduce a set of algorithms to build a reference list from the crowd based on ground truths. Vehicles compare messages received from multiple agents against a reference list stored in the road side unit (RSU). As a complement, vehicles that are not in proximity to RSUs aggregate opinion from neighbouring vehicles to establish the trustworthiness of a message. A vehicle makes a decision on received messages upon cross validation, and forms a posterior belief about an agent. We apply conditional probability to check for the accuracy of messages. Our framework is dynamic and scalable in that the reference list periodically updates itself to account for elapsed time and frequently changing road conditions. The framework provides a universal template for modelling trust management in VANET.
Subjective experience guides betting decisions beyond accuracy: evidence from a metamemory illusion

ABSTRACTThe goal of this research was to test whether subjective memory experiences drive accuracy regulation decisions above and beyond objective memory indices. In four experiments (n = 115) subjective recollection (i.e., reporting “Remember” in the Remember-Know task) was dissociated from memory accuracy by manipulating retrieval during a two-alternative forced-choice recognition task: in the Match condition the distracter was a novel exemplar of the target (e.g., a studied and an unstudied toaster) and in the Non-match condition the distracter was a novel exemplar of another studied but untested item (e.g., a studied toaster and an unstudied birdhouse). Participants were more accurate on Match trials, but reported subjective recollection more frequently on Non-match trials. Critically, participants also bet more often on Non-match trials to the detriment of their score (Experiment 1). This pattern persisted when participants were additionally required to retrieve details about items (Experiment 2) and...
Three Waves of Late Ottoman Historiography, 1950-2007

Since the middle of the twentieth century there have been three waves of historiography on the late Ottoman world. Each rose to prominence in a different global setting, functioned as a broad intellectual orientation, and was replaced by another somewhat less hegemonic theoretical current after about two decades. The key differences between the three episodes are evident in terms of their thematic priorities, analytical frameworks, and the research designs and methodological choices of scholars. These three waves of Ottoman history writing can be classified as modernization approaches, macro models, and post-structural agendas.
Semi-inclusive deeply inelastic scattering at small qT.

Measurement of the distribution of hadronic energy in the final state in deeply inelastic electron scattering at DESY HERA can provide a good test of our understanding of perturbative QCD. For this purpose, we consider the energy distribution function, which can be computed without needing final state parton fragmentation functions. We compute this distribution function for finite transverse momentum ${q}_{T}$ at order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s}$, and use the results to sum the perturbation series to obtain a result valid for both large and small values of transverse momentum.
Hartigan's method: κ-means clustering without Voronoi

Hartigan’s method for k-means clustering is the following greedy heuristic: select a point, and optimally reassign it. This paper develops two other formulations of the heuristic, one leading to a number of consistency properties, the other showing that the data partition is always quite separated from the induced Voronoi partition. A characterization of the volume of this separation is provided. Empirical tests verify not only good optimization performance relative to Lloyd’s method, but also good running time.
Learning Interpretable Classification Rules with Boolean Compressed Sensing

An important problem in the context of supervised machine learning is designing systems which are interpretable by humans. In domains such as law, medicine, and finance that deal with human lives, delegating the decision to a black-box machine-learning model carries significant operational risk, and often legal implications, thus requiring interpretable classifiers. Building on ideas from Boolean compressed sensing, we propose a rule-based classifier which explicitly balances accuracy versus interpretability in a principled optimization formulation. We represent the problem of learning conjunctive clauses or disjunctive clauses as an adaptation of a classical problem from statistics, Boolean group testing, and apply a novel linear programming (LP) relaxation to find solutions. We derive theoretical results for recovering sparse rules which parallel the conditions for exact recovery of sparse signals in the compressed sensing literature. This is an exciting development in interpretable learning where most prior work has focused on heuristic solutions. We also consider a more general class of rule-based classifiers, checklists and scorecards, learned using ideas from threshold group testing. We show competitive classification accuracy using the proposed approach on real-world data sets.
Concurrent bariatric operations and association with perioperative outcomes: Registry based cohort study

Objective To determine whether perioperative outcomes differ between patients undergoing concurrent compared with non-concurrent bariatric operations in the USA. Design Retrospective, propensity score matched cohort study. Setting Hospitals in the US accredited by the American College of Surgeons’ metabolic and bariatric surgery accreditation and quality improvement program. Participants 513 167 patients undergoing bariatric operations between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016. Main outcome measures The primary outcome measure was a composite of 30 day death, morbidity, readmission, reoperation, anastomotic or staple line leak, and bleeding events. Operative duration and lengths of stay were also assessed. Operations were defined as concurrent if they overlapped by 60 or more minutes or in their entirety. Results In this study of 513 167 operations, 739 (29.5%) surgeons at 483 (57.8%) hospitals performed 6087 (1.2%) concurrent operations. The most frequently performed concurrent bariatric operations were sleeve gastrectomy (n=3250, 53.4%) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=1601, 26.3%). Concurrent operations were more often performed at large academic medical centers with higher operative volumes and numbers of trainees and by higher volume surgeons. Compared with non-concurrent operations, concurrent operations lasted a median of 34 minutes longer (P v 7.4%; relative risk 1.02, 95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.15; P=0.84). Conclusions Concurrent bariatric operations occurred infrequently, but when they did, there was no observable increased risk for adverse perioperative outcomes compared with non-concurrent operations. These results, however, do not argue against improved and more meaningful disclosure of concurrent surgery practices.
Metabolism of megestrol acetate in vitro and the role of oxidative metabolites.

Abstract1. There is limited knowledge regarding the metabolism of megestrol acetate (MA), as it was approved by FDA in 1971, prior to the availability of modern tools for identifying specific drug-metabolizing enzymes. We determined the cytochrome P450s (P450s) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) that metabolize MA, identified oxidative metabolites and determined pharmacologic activity at the progesterone, androgen and glucocorticoid receptors (PR, AR and GR, respectively).2. Oxidative metabolites were produced using human liver microsomes (HLMs), and isolated for mass spectral (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses. We screened recombinant P450s using MA at 62 μM (HLM Km for metabolite 1; M1) and 28 μM (HLM Km for metabolite 2; M2). UGT isoforms were simultaneously incubated with UDPGA, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), CYP3A4 and MA. Metabolites were evaluated for pharmacologic activity on the PR, AR and GR. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 are responsible for oxidative metabolism of...
Efficient Intertemporal Allocation of Risk and Return

Efficient allocation of a stochastic stream of financial income is characterized by an explicit stochastic differential equation for the case that each agent has stationary preferences and the probability law of the stochastic process is known. The initial condition is affected by which efficient allocation is chosen, but subsequent evolution is determined solely by agents' impatience and risk aversion.
The Effect of Comments, Mnemonic Names, and Modularity: Some University Experiment Results

“Comments” are non-executable statements in a program describing the intent of various segments of software code. “Mnemonic names” are terms (like HOME-ADDRESS and unlike X) which strongly suggest the data for which they stand. “Modularity” is the programming technique of constructing software as several independent parts which can be developed separately and which refer to each other during execution. This paper reports results from several experiments conducted in the Department of Computer Science at Purdue University investigating the effects of these factors on the comprehension and modification of computer software. We found (1) that comments were an effective aid to comprehension and aided subjects making modifications, (2) that mnemonic names about 5–8 characters long were recalled more easily than non-mnemonic or longer names, and (3) that comprehension scores were higher for programs constructed using moderate modularization as contrasted with no modularization and “super-modularization”
The UPR Activator ATF6 Responds to Proteotoxic and Lipotoxic Stress by Distinct Mechanisms.

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is induced by proteotoxic stress of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here we report that ATF6, a major mammalian UPR sensor, is also activated by specific sphingolipids, dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and dihydroceramide (DHC). Single mutations in a previously undefined transmembrane domain motif that we identify in ATF6 incapacitate DHS/DHC activation while still allowing proteotoxic stress activation via the luminal domain. ATF6 thus possesses two activation mechanisms: DHS/DHC activation and proteotoxic stress activation. Reporters constructed to monitor each mechanism show that phenobarbital-induced ER membrane expansion depends on transmembrane domain-induced ATF6. DHS/DHC addition preferentially induces transcription of ATF6 target lipid biosynthetic and metabolic genes over target ER chaperone genes. Importantly, ATF6 containing a luminal achromatopsia eye disease mutation, unresponsive to proteotoxic stress, can be activated by fenretinide, a drug that upregulates DHC, suggesting a potential therapy for this and other ATF6-related diseases including heart disease and stroke.
Some Theorems on the Rogers-Ramanujan Continued Fraction and Associated Theta Function Identities in Ramanujan's Lost Notebook

In his lost notebook, Ramanujan recorded several modular equations of degree 5 related to the Rogers-Ramanujan continued fraction R(q). We prove several of these identities and give factorizations of some of them in this paper.
Elaboration Tolerant Representation of Markov Decision Process via Decision-Theoretic Extension of Probabilistic Action Language +

We extend probabilistic action language \(p\mathcal{BC}{+}\) with the notion of utility in decision theory. The semantics of the extended \(p\mathcal{BC}{+}\) can be defined as a shorthand notation for a decision-theoretic extension of the probabilistic answer set programming language \(\mathrm{LP}^\mathrm{{MLN}}\). Alternatively, the semantics of \(p\mathcal{BC}{+}\) can also be defined in terms of Markov Decision Process (MDP), which in turn allows for representing MDP in a succinct and elaboration tolerant way as well as leveraging an MDP solver to compute a \(p\mathcal{BC}{+}\) action description. The idea led to the design of the system pbcplus2mdp, which can find an optimal policy of a \(p\mathcal{BC}{+}\) action description using an MDP solver.
Regorafenib sensitizes human breast cancer cells to radiation by inhibiting multiple kinases and inducing DNA damage.

Purpose: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most challenging and aggressive subtype of breast cancer with limited treatment options because of tumor heterogeneity, lack of druggable target...
Electrogram Signatures in Atypical Atrial Flutters Using High Density Multipolar Catheter Mapping in a Post-Heart Transplant Patient

59 year-old with history of orthotopic heart transplant ×2 with symptomatic atrial flutter in the setting of severe biatrial enlargement and LVH. The Rhythmia system was utilized to create a high density map to diagnose and treat cavotricuspid isthmus atrial flutter in addition to a right atrial anterolateral circuit.
Commuting speed as a proxy for the value of time

Abstract This study investigates driving speed derived from Google Maps as a proxy for commuting costs, introducing a novel method to address the persistent challenge in the urban form literature of empirically measuring these costs for all U.S. cities. In the monocentric city model, I evaluate driving speed against the original measures of vehicle availability and public transit usage for a broad sample of urbanized areas. Results suggest that driving speed is an appropriate proxy for commuting costs and contributes an improved empirical tool for future research on urban form and city size.
Cholesterol Review: A Metabolically Important Molecule.

ABSTRACT Objective: Cholesterol is an important molecule in humans and both its excess and its deficiency cause disease. Most clinicians appreciate its role in stabilizing cellular plasma membranes but are unaware of its myriad other functions. Methods: This review highlights cholesterol’s newly recognized important roles in human physiology and pathophysiology. Results: The basis for cholesterol’s ubiquitous presence in eukaryote organisms is its three part structure involving hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and rigid domains. This structure permits cholesterol to regulate multiple cellular processes ranging from membrane fluidity and permeability to gene transcription. Cholesterol not only serves as a molecule of regulation itself, but also forms the backbone of all steroid hormones and vitamin D analogs. Cholesterol is responsible for growth and development throughout life and may be useful as an anticancer facilitator. Because humans have a limited ability to catabolize cholesterol, it readily accumulates in the body when an excess from the diet or a genetic abnormality occurs. This accumulation results in the foremost cause of death and disease (atherosclerosis) in the Western world. Identification of cholesterol’s disease-producing capabilities dates back 5,000 years to the Tyrolean iceman and more recently to ancient mummies from many cultures throughout the world. In contrast, a deficiency of cholesterol in the circulation may result in an inability to distribute vitamins K and E to vital organs with serious consequences. Conclusion: Understanding the benefits and hazards of cholesterol in the clinical setting will improve the endocrinologist’s ability to control diseases associated with this unique molecule. Abbreviations: CVD = cardiovascular disease; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; NPC1L1 = Niemann-Pick C-1–like-1 protein; U.S. = United States; USDA = U.S. Department of Agriculture
Decision-Making in Geriatric Surgery: More Surgery or Less Surgery?

The fastest-growing segment of the US population is over 65 years of age. It is projected that by year 2050, this number will reach 83.7 million, double the estimated population of 43.1 million in year 2012. The similar demographic pattern is seen and projected to continue globally. This demographic shift in the population will have serious implications in many aspects of life, but from the surgical standpoint, the elderly will undergo frequently major surgeries and other interventional procedures to maintain quality of life and independence. At the same time, the cost of health services will increase, and the elderly will become the major consumer of healthcare and hospital resources. Of many options available, deciding what surgical approach to take in the elderly patient is not an easy task. Should we perform definitive surgery in the elderly at the time of presentation, or should we try a “minimalistic approach” initially and “give time for the patient to recuperate” and then perform the definitive surgery? This chapter will explore surgical decision-making in the elderly population, particularly in common emergency surgical problems and other topics.
Transport of L-cystine and L-djenkolic acid by the in vitro small intestine.

Abstract The spatial distribution of L-cystine transport by the in vitro hamster small intestine was described. More was transported five-sixths of the way down the gut than at other locales. Using hamster intestinal sacs made from this area only, in buffer devoid of glucose (to reduce water transport) and L-djenkolic acid at 1 × 10 −4 M, minimal transport against a concentration gradient was demonstrable in about 90% of the experiments. Utilizing the mouse small intestine, all sacs transported L-djenkolic acid against a concentration gradient. Transport was inhibited by L-lysine. The other D,L- analogues of cystine previously noted to be transported should be re-investigated employing the L-isomers and the conditions outlined here with the hamster gut, or preferably with the small intestine of the mouse.
Dynamic Coupling in Unentangled Liquid Coacervates Formed by Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes

We develop a scaling theory that predicts the dynamics of symmetric and asymmetric unentangled liquid coacervates formed by solutions of oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes. Symmetric coacervates made from oppositely-charged polyelectrolytes consist of polycations and polyanions with equal and opposite charge densities along their backbones. These symmetric coacervates can be described as mixtures of polyelectrolytes in the quasi-neutral regime with a single correlation length. Asymmetric coacervates are made from polycations and polyanions with unequal charge densities. The difference in charge densities results in a double semidilute structure of asymmetric coacervates with two correlation lengths, one for the high-charge-density and the other for the low-charge-density polyelectrolytes. We predict that the double-semidilute structure in asymmetric coacervates results in a dynamic coupling which increases the friction of the high-charge-density polyelectrolyte. This dynamic coupling increases the contribution to the zero-shear viscosity of the high-charge-density polyelectrolyte. The diffusion coefficient of the high-charge-density polyelectrolyte is predicted to depend on the concentration and degree of polymerization of the low-charge-density polyelectrolyte in the coacervate if the size of the low-charge-density polymer is smaller than the correlation length of the high-charge-density polymer. We also predict a non-monotonic salt concentration dependence of the zero-shear viscosity of asymmetric coacervates.
Ultra-Wideband Switched-Capacitor Delays and Circulators—Theory and Implementation

Recent research has revealed the possibility to achieve non-magnetic non-reciprocity using time variance. However, prior CMOS-based circulators rely on the interference between non-reciprocal switched-capacitor/transmission-line gyrators and reciprocal transmission-line rings, which increases form factor and restricts frequency tunability and bandwidth (BW). On the other hand, our recent work on quasi-electrostatic wave propagation in switched-capacitor networks has proposed a new regime in multipath switched-capacitor network operation that enables an ultra-broadband, ultra-compact reciprocal/non-reciprocal true-time-delay element. In this work, we corroborate these findings by implementing prototype devices of the quasi-electrostatic delay element. Our measurements of the delay element reveal that delays of tens of nanoseconds over hundreds of MHz BW are realizable on-chip in a compact form factor. In addition, we apply synthetic rotation across these switched-capacitor networks to realize an ultra-broadband $N$ -port circulator with ultra-compact form factor. We implemented a wideband three-port circulator showcasing this new architecture in a standard 65-nm CMOS process. The circulator exhibits symmetric performance across all three ports and dc–1-GHz operation for a modulation frequency of 500 MHz. The measured transmission losses of the circulator range between 3.1 and 4.3 dB, matching is−15 dB, isolation is >18 dB, and noise figure (NF) is consistent with the insertion loss. This device occupies an area of 0.19 mm2 ( $\lambda _{\text {center}}^{2}/1.9\times 10^{6}$ ), representing about 100–1000 $\times $ higher miniaturization compared to the prior art.
Application of FPGA in Deep Learning

Nowadays, deep learning has been widely used in various fields, and great breakthroughs have been made in computer vision, speech recognition and natural language processing. Based on the deep learning algorithm, this paper studies the general optimization technology of OpenCL based on FPGA in detail, and puts forward a targeted hardware design scheme, which has the characteristics of high performance, low power consumption and programmability. By analyzing the algorithm of forward calculation and reverse calculation in convolutional neural network, the hardware acceleration module is designed. Compared with CPU, GPU and other platforms, FPGA has obvious advantages in power consumption, which proves that the scheme proposed in this paper has good feasibility and accuracy.
Technology Roadmapping Maturity Assessment: A Case Study in Energy Sector

Whether technology roadmapping (TRM) is success or failure from a perspective of maturity assessment, it may depend on how the TRM is viewed and what criteria or metrics are used for the evaluation. Therefore, before providing the cases, it seems necessary to conduct brief overview on criteria or metrics used for evaluating the success level of TRM. After reviewing key criteria or metrics, this section of chapter will cover some TRM case studies for illustrating how maturity have some influence on their consequences of success or failure.
Europe’s Open Strategic Autonomy: Striking a Balance Between Geopolitical, Socioeconomic and Environmental Dimensions

Policy recommendations • Policymakers should adopt an extended conception of Europe’s open strategic autonomy, including socioeconomic and environmental aspects. As policies trickle down to citizens and workers, public acceptance of related initiatives that also take into account social circumstances and environmental realities right from the beginning, rather than at the end, would facilitate the success of Europe’s open strategic autonomy. • Social partners and particularly trade unions should be part of the discussion as policies are designed towards achieving Europe’s open strategic autonomy with implications for the workforce and investment in strategic sectors during twin transitions. • A transformative mindset is needed to strike a balance between societal needs and disruptions caused by digital and green transitions in a way that ensures that initiatives result in a win–win situation for citizens and environment, reducing vulnerabilities and external dependencies by keeping global trade and partnerships within the open strategic autonomy framework.
Synergistic voltage and electrolyte mediation improves sodiation kinetics in µ-Sn alloy-anodes

Abstract Alloying electrodes, such as tin (Sn), are promising candidates for sodium-ion batteries because of their high specific capacity, electronic conductivity, and low sodium insertion voltage. However, sizeable volumetric change and electrode-electrolyte interface evolution in Sn preclude prolonged performance. The electrochemical potential window, compounded by the choice of electrolyte and additive combination, plays a critical role in the interface instability, which yet remains unresolved. This study, based on a comprehensive set of electrochemical, microscopy, and spectroscopic analyses, sheds light into the interface instability and reveals that the use of fluoroethylene carbonate additives in carbonate-based electrolytes can dramatically improve the interface stability of such alloying anodes. Electrochemical and morphological analyses show that without the additive, a higher end-of-charge voltage can cause breakdown and reformation of an unstable passivating layer, leading to rapid electrochemical performance decay. A novel three-electrode-based analytics reveals that superior interphase stability with higher microstructural integrity of the Sn electrode can alleviate the detriments from the upper cut-off voltage restrictions. Addressing the hitherto unresolved role of the electrochemical potential window, this study comprehensively examines and elucidates the causality of interfacial instability and the underpinnings of electrochemical complexations in sodium-alloying anodes.
Quantum Inequalities and Particle Creation in the Presence of an External, Time-Dependent Mamaev-Trunov Potential

In 2011, Mr. Dan Solomon proposed a model of a quantized scalar field interacting with a time-dependent Mamaev-Trunov potential in two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. This model is governed by the Klein-Gordon wave equation with a time-dependent potential. Mr. Solomon claims that this model violates both the classical energy conditions of special relativity and the quantum energy conditions of quantum field theory in curved spacetime. Every classical energy condition can be violated, and their natural replacements are known as quantum inequalities. Mr. Solomon attempted to prove violations of the spatial and temporal quantum inequalities, and he correctly assumed that the negative energy splits into two fluxes at the Cauchy surface, where the potential is turned off. Unfortunately, Solomon neglects the contribution to the energy density due to particle creation when the potential is turned off at time t = 0. In this project, we calculate the contribution to the stress energy tensor due to particle creation. We show that while the classical energy conditions are violated, the quantum energy inequalities hold, contrary to Mr. Solomon’s statements.
Evaluation of COVID-19 Impact on a Caregiver Education Program for Home Discharge of Technology Dependent Children

Background: Training caregivers to care for technology-dependent children after discharge is comprehensive and challenging. In our facility, initial hospital discharge to home of ventilator-dependent children with a tracheostomy requires education of 2 caregivers. Our comprehensive education program (EP) is offered to caregivers of all patients with tracheostomy placement. The EP involves interactive sessions with patient and caregivers to facilitate the knowledge of all aspects of medical care competently and independently (Figure 1). In March of 2020, COVID-19 placed challenges on the EP due to visitor limitations and social distancing guidelines (limited to 1 visitor). We aimed to evaluate the effect of these restrictions on education and discharge of ventilator-dependent children with tracheostomy in our facility. Methods: We performed an IRB-approved retrospective data analysis of patients receiving a tracheostomy with caregivers opting for the goal of discharge home from 1/1/2019–12/31/2020. We examined tracheostomy indication, average length of stay (LOS), EP completion time, discharge delays, and visitation policy exemptions granted. Discharge delays were classified as medical or non-medical, with non-medical delays occurring when patients were stable on a home ventilator for ≥7 d. Results: In 2019 and 2020, patient age ranged from 3 weeks to 18 years and the most common indication for tracheostomy was bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In 2019, there were 21 patients who received tracheostomy enrolled in our EP. 76.2% (n = 16) were discharged home and 23.8% (n = 5) were discharged to a facility. 76.2% (n = 16) completed the EP. Those who did not complete the EP reported difficulty obtaining a second caregivers or travel difficulties. Total median LOS was 77 d, median EP completion time was 50 d, and median non-medical delay was 42 d. In 2020, there were 19 patients who received tracheostomy enrolled in our EP. 84.2% (n = 16) were discharged home and 15.8% (n = 3) remained admitted. 100% (n = 19) completed the EP. Total median LOS was 79 d, median EP completion time was 48 d, and median non-medical delay was 22 d, not including the 3 patients who remained admitted. Visitor exceptions (to allow 2 caregivers for EP) were granted by administrative leaders 100% of the time. All non-medical delays were secondary to difficulties with obtaining private duty nursing. Conclusions: Caregiver training for ventilator-dependent children after tracheostomy placement in our facility was not negatively impacted by COVID-19 visitor restrictions. NMD did not significantly increase from 2019 to 2020. Further studies must be done in order to review the impact of COVID-19 on technology dependent patients more globally.
Smart Growth and Innovative Design: An Analysis of the New Community

This article discusses the problem of urban sprawl, discussing its economic, social, and environmental impacts, and analyzes sprawl’s main causes, focusing on damaging governmental subsidies and zoning regulations. It describes and analyzes current means of addressing sprawl through smart growth and innovative development, such as New Urbanism, conservation subdivisions, and low-impact development, and concludes with a discussion of the continuing challenges that face creating this new community.
WE-D-210-01: Use of Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound in the Care of Liver Patients

The utilization of ultrasound contrast agents offers significant promise in enhancing the diagnostic capabilities of ultrasound imaging as well as offering new, noninvasive approaches for therapeutic intervention. The presentations in this session will provide an overview of current and future clinical diagnostic applications of ultrasound contrast for patient management, recent advances in the design and development of ultrasound contrast agents for molecular imaging, as well as the development of novel microbubble agents for theragnostic applications. Learning Objectives: 1. Develop an understanding of the current and future applications of ultrasound contrast agents for clinical application and preclinical research. 2. Develop a general understanding of the underlying technologies associated with improving the diagnostic capabilities of contrast– enhanced ultrasound imaging as well as potential noninvasive approaches for therapeutic intervention. Dr. Rychak is an employee of Targeson, Inc; NIH RO1 NS047603 and NIH RO1 HL074002, Holland: NIH RO1 NS047603 and NIH RO1 HL074002
Evidence from Rat Hepatocytes of an Unrecognized Pathway of 5-Fluorouracil Metabolism with the Formation of a Glucuronide Derivative

Abstract Isolated rat hepatocytes in suspension were exposed to [ 3 H]-5-fluorouracil for intervals over 2 h, following which the cells were removed from the media and sonicated, and the cytoplasm was sampled. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to separate 5-fluorouracil (FUra) from its known anabolites and catabolites, with subsequent quantitation of these metabolites by measurement of radioactivity. As the extracellular concentration of FUra was increased above 30 µm, the intracellular levels of FUra increased, with detection of a new peak of radioactivity distinct from any of the known anabolites or catabolites. This new metabolite, “G,” increased in concentration as the extracellular concentration of FUra was raised above 1 mm. Inhibition of FUra catabolism by 2 mm thymine resulted in a further increase in intracellular FUra (approaching the extracellular FUra concentration) and was accompanied by a further increase in the intracellular concentration of “G,” demonstrating that “G” was not formed via the catabolic pathway. The increase in intracellular FUra and “G” was not accompanied by an increase in intracellular anabolites, suggesting that “G” was formed via a novel metabolic pathway. “G” was retained within the hepatocytes, although it was not bound to intracellular macromolecules. “G” was converted to FUra in the presence of β-d-glucuronidase; this reaction was inhibited with the addition of saccharo-1,4-β-lactone, a specific inhibitor of the β-d-glucuronidase. This data, together with evidence from hepatocyte homogenates in which formation of “G” was shown to be dependent on the concentration of uridine-5′-diphosphoglucuronic acid, demonstrates that “G” is a glucuronide of FUra. The formation of “G” suggests that FUra is metabolized via a previously unrecognized metabolic pathway.
Measurement of Fast Rotation by VLSI Circuits

There exist important problems that require the measurement of very fast motion. Common techniques for motion estimation based on sequences of video images usually fail to deliver the correct results for such problems due to the low video rate. We present an analog VLSI based system that determines motion in real-time. We demonstrate the performance of that system for the case of measuring the rotation speed of a fast rotating platform.
Constructing Microbial Consortia with Minimal Growth Using a Genetic Algorithm

The processes occurring in microbial ecosystems are typically governed by the actions of many different microorganisms that can all interact with each other in a highly nonlinear way. Historically, most work in microbiology has been focused on pure cultures of single organisms, while the study of groups of organisms (consortia) still forms a major challenge. Although genetic algorithms are capable of optimising noisy and nonlinear systems and they should therefore be very well suited for studying microbial ecology, they have only rarely been used in this field. In this work, a genetic algorithm was successfully used to construct microbial consortia exhibiting minimal growth from separate isolated fast growing strains. The technique developed here may open the way to new ecological insights.
Lupus-Associated Transverse Myelitis Masquerading as Septic Shock (P4.026)

Objective To present a case of autoimmune neurogenic shock masquerading as sepsis with multi-organ failure. Background Acute onset multisystem organ failure is a morbid state requiring emergent treatment specifically directed towards its underlying etiology. This case illustrates the importance of recognizing subtle signs that suggest a neurologic etiology for medical dysfunction. Design Case report Results A 20 year-old man with history of mild chronic renal disease and hypertension presented to the ICU with fever, rapid-onset unresponsiveness, and poor respiratory drive. There was “relative bradycardia” in the context of fever and severe hypotension. Emergent labs revealed leukocytosis, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia, renal failure and lactic acidosis. He was emergently started on fluids, mechanical ventilation (with paralysis), pressors, and dialysis resulting in cardiopulmonary stabilization. Cardiogenic shock, toxic drug ingestion, and pancreatitis were ruled out. The initial ER diagnosis was distributive shock complicated by DIC, likely due to sepsis. However, the patient had poor response to antibiotics and cultures were negative. Our neurologic examination revealed an intact midbrain and pons. There was dysautonomia, absent gag and cough reflexes, tetraplegia and ventilator-dependency. These findings suggested lesions caudal to or at the pre-Botzinger complex level. MRI confirmed extensive transverse myelitis involving the medulla and spinal cord. Laboratory studies confirmed the diagnosis of lupus with anti-phospholipid syndrome, with a negative NMO antibody. After one dose of cyclophosphamide, the patient exhibited rapid clinical and radiologic improvement. Conclusions This is the first description of lupus presenting as spinal shock. We showcase relative bradycardia as a marker for neurogenic shock, and highlight the importance of effective communication between neurologists, intensivists and emergency physicians. Study Supported by: not applicable Disclosure: Dr. Dave has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ramos Estebanez has nothing to disclose.
Introversion-Extraversion and Motor Vehicle Driver Behavior

In a number of factor analytical studies Eysenck and co-workers (Eysenck, 1953, 1955, 1961) have consistently identified an introversion-extraversion dimension of personality. Eysenck ( 1955; 1961 ) attempted to account for individual differences along the introversion-extraversion continuum in a theory based in part upon concepts of Hull, Pavlov, and Jung. He postulated individual differences in cortical potentials ranging from extremely strong "inhibitory potentials" to extremely strong "excitatory potentials." Eysenck (1961, p. 27) theorized that, given equal environmental pressure, individuals with strong excitatory and weak inhibitory pocentials would be expected to form strong, stable conditioned responses and would develop introverted behavior traits. Individuals with weak excitatory and strong inhibitory potentials would be expected to form weak, unstable conditioned responses and would develop extraverted behavior traits. Individuals intermediate with respect to excitatory-inhibitory balance would also tend to be intermediate with respect to conditionability and consequently with respect to introversion-extraversion. Experimental studies designed to test various aspects of this theory have dealt primarily with laboratory-induced phenomena such as conditioning (Franks, 1956, 1957, 1961; Vogel, 1961), figural after-effect (Eysenck, 1955) judgements of time (Lynn, 1961 ) , and a variety of other tasks (Eysenck, 1960) and have generally established chat predicted differences in behavior between introverts and extraverts do occur. Superimposing Mowrer's (1950) hypothesis chat the socialization process depends on conditioning upon his own theoretical framework, Eysenck (1961, p. 27) theorizes chat introverts, being expected to form strong conditioned responses, would tend to be highly socialized whereas extraverts, who form weak conditioned responses, would be less highly socialized. Given the evidence, cited above, that introverts do condition more rapidly and have greater resistance to extinction of conditioned responses than extraverts, and given Mowrer's (1950) assumption relating socialization to conditioning, differential social behavior for introverts and extraverts should be predictable from the theory. Accordingly, this study was designed to examine the relationship between introversion-extraversion and incidences of automobile driver traffic accidents and violations. Since extraverts are assumed to be less socialized than introverts, it is reasonable to assiune that they should be less bound by the prescribed rules