cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
HARE-Mediated Endocytosis of Hyaluronan and Heparin Is Targeted by Different Subsets of Three Endocytic Motifs

The hyaluronan (HA) receptor for endocytosis (HARE) is a multifunctional recycling clearance receptor for 14 different ligands, including HA and heparin (Hep), which bind to discrete nonoverlapping sites. Four different functional endocytic motifs (M) in the cytoplasmic domain (CD) target coated pit mediated uptake: (YSYFRI2485 (M1), FQHF2495 (M2), NPLY2519 (M3), and DPF2534 (M4)). We previously found (Pandey et al. J. Biol. Chem. 283, 21453, 2008) that M1, M2, and M3 mediate endocytosis of HA. Here we assessed the ability of HARE variants with a single-motif deletion or containing only a single motif to endocytose HA or Hep. Single-motif deletion variants lacking M1, M3, or M4 (a different subset than involved in HA uptake) showed decreased Hep endocytosis, although M3 was the most active; the remaining redundant motifs did not compensate for loss of other motifs. Surprisingly, a HARE CD variant with only M3 internalized both HA and Hep, whereas variants with either M2 or M4 alone did not endocytose either ligand. Internalization of HA and Hep by HARE CD mutants was dynamin-dependent and was inhibited by hyperosmolarity, confirming clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The results indicate a complicated relationship among multiple CD motifs that target coated pit uptake and a more fundamental role for motif M3.
Inhibitory morphogens and monopodial branching of the embryonic chicken lung.

Background: Branching morphogenesis generates a diverse array of epithelial patterns, including dichotomous and monopodial geometries. Dichotomous branching can be instructed by concentration gradients of epithelial-derived inhibitory morphogens, including transforming growth factor-b (TGFb), which is responsible for ramification of the pubertal mammary gland. Here, we investigated the role of autocrine inhibitory morphogens in monopodial branching morphogenesis of the embryonic chicken lung. Results: Computational modeling and experiments using cultured organ explants each separately revealed that monopodial branching patterns cannot be specified by a single epithelial-derived autocrine morphogen gradient. Instead, signaling by means of TGFb1 and bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP4) differentially affect the rates of branching and growth of the airways. Allometric analysis revealed that development of the epithelial tree obeys power-law dynamics; TGFb1 and BMP4 have distinct but reversible effects on the scaling coefficient of the power law. Conclusions: These data suggest that although autocrine inhibition cannot specify monopodial branching, inhibitory morphogens define the dynamics of lung morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 241:852–862, 2012. V C 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessing the Effects of Increasing Hydrogen Peroxide Dosage on Rainbow Trout Gills Utilizing a Digitized Scoring Methodology

Abstract There is great interest in the potential use of hydrogen peroxide as a treatment for external diseases of fish, particularly bacterial gill disease. One important consideration in the evaluation of hydrogen peroxide as a disease treatment is target animal safety. The goal of this study was to document the pathological lesions of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss associated with hydrogen peroxide exposure. A digitized scoring method was developed to quantify the lesions on the target organ (i.e., gills). The index was a good indicator of the toxicity of hydrogen peroxide to juvenile rainbow trout and of the severity of the gill lesions. Increasing values of the index were observed with increasing doses of hydrogen peroxide. Most importantly, the index documented that fish surviving treatment with hydrogen peroxide recovered from the gill lesions it inflicted.
Ras-dependent induction of cellular responses by constitutively active phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase

Phosphatidylinositol (Pl)-3 kinase is one of many enzymes stimulated by growth factors. A constitutively activated mutant, p110, that functions independently of growth factor stimulation was constructed to determine the specific responses regulated by Pl-3 kinase. The p110 protein exhibited high specific activity as a Pl-3 kinase and as a protein kinase. Expression of p110 in NIH 3T3 cells induced transcription from the fos promoter. Co-expression of dominant negative Ras blocked this response. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, p110 increased the amount of guanosine 5'-triphosphate-bound Ras, caused activation of the Ras effector Raf-1, and induced Ras-dependent oocyte maturation. These findings show that Pl-3 kinase can stimulate diverse Ras-dependent cellular processes, including oocyte maturation and fos transcription.
Regulation of sugar uptake and efflux in gram-positive bacteria.

Keywords: Sugar transport; Protein phosphorylation; HPr(Ser) kinase/HPr(Ser-P) phosphatase; Phosphotransferase system
Modeling of coating flows on curved surfaces

The equations describing the temporal evolution of a thin, Newtonian, viscous liquid layer are extended to include the effect of substrate curvature. It is demonstrated that, subject to the standard assumptions required for the validity of lubrication theory, the surface curvature is equivalent to an applied time-independent overpressure distribution. Within the mathematical model, a variety of substrate shapes, possessing both ‘inside’ and ‘outside’ corners, are shown to be equivalent. Starting with an initially uniform coating layer, the evolving coating profile is calculated for substrates with piecewise constant curvature. Ultimately, surface tension forces drive the solutions to stable minimum-energy configurations. For small time, the surface profile history, for a substrate with a single curvature discontinuity, is given as the self-similar solution to a linear fourth-order diffusive equation. Using a Fourier transform, the solution to the linear problem is found as a convergent infinite series. This Green's function generates the general solution to the linearized problem for arbitrary substrate shapes. Calculated solutions to the non-linear problem are suggestive of coating defects observed in industrial applications.
The HLA‐A2‐restricted PSMA peptide LLHETDSAV is poorly immunogenic in patients with metastatic prostate cancer

Background Increasing evidence suggests that prostate cancer is visible to the immune system and is potentially responsive to immunotherapeutic interventions. Previous work has identified prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) as a potential antigen for T-cell recognition, and specific PSMA epitopes presented by HLA-A2 have been described. One vaccination strategy that is being pursued in the clinic utilizes peptide-pulsed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) + IL-12. Methods HLA-A2+ patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer and normal organ function were considered. Vaccines were prepared using autologous PBMC loaded with a PSMA peptide previously reported to be immunogenic (LLHETDSAV) administered subcutaneously every 3 weeks. T-cell responses and tumor activity were assessed. Results Although the vaccine was well tolerated, no clinical responses were observed in 12 enrolled patients and no immune responses were detected based on an ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT assay. To examine immunogenicity of this PSMA peptide in more detail, an in vitro priming assay was utilized with normal donor PBMC, and no detectable reactivity was observed. Conclusions Our results suggest that the PSMA peptide LLHETDSAV is poorly immunogenic in humans and that alternative prostate cancer antigens should be pursued. Prostate 69: 142–148, 2009. © 2008 Wiley–Liss, Inc.
On location: reflections on fieldwork in Chinese journalism studies

Research access to mainland China, once severely circumscribed, has expanded tremendously during the post-Mao reform period, with important implications for the study of Chinese mass communication. Fieldwork possibilities mean that scholars are privy to a great deal more of the media circuit – not only to voluminous content that can be systematically sampled, but also to structures, contexts, practices, processes, places, and people involved in production and reception. Drawing on experiences in the field, this article discusses challenges and rewards of studying Chinese journalism from within.
Finite Element Modeling of the Arc Reattachment Process in DC Plasma Torches

Summary form only given. Progress has been achieved in the simulation of the arc dynamics inside plasma torches, but the realistic modeling of the arc reattachment process is still an unsolved problem. To mimic the physical reattachment process, a model faces the questions of where and how to introduce the new attachment. In this paper we present a reattachment model that answers the above questions as follows: a new attachment is formed at the location where the local electric field exceeds a certain pre-specified value; there, a high electrical conductivity channel along the direction normal to the anode is introduced, inducing the formation of a new attachment. This model has been implemented in our multiscale finite elements code for the simulation of a commercial plasma spray torch operating with Ar-He under different operating conditions. While the calculated reattachment frequencies and arc lengths agree with our experimental observations, the total voltage drops exceed those measured. This finding, added to the apparent lack of a well defined cold boundary layer around the arc, points towards the importance of non-equilibrium effects inside the torch.
Aperture Synthesis for Ionospherically Propagated HF Radio Signals

A high-frequency (HF) aperture was synthesized by receiving ionospherically propagated signals in an airplane. The signals used the one-hop F lower ray mode to propagate a distance of 2600 km and were processed to yield equivalent aperture lengths of 10 km and 70 km. It was shown that apertures of up to 10 km in length could sometimes achieve their ideal free-space directivity without use of ionospheric compensation.
School: a clinical placement for community health nursing.

Community health nursing courses in baccalaureate nursing programs generally focus on the broad scope of community health nursing practice as defined by the American Nurses' Association. Demographic changes and changes in federal funding of health care and reimbursement practices have resulted in a decreased number of clinical practice sites that can provide nursing students with the broad range of community health nursing experiences compatible with the ANA's definition. Instituting a school health screening and health promotion program can reduce the discontinuity between community health nursing theory and the students' clinical experiences. The School of Nursing, University of Kansas, has developed a school health screening and health promotion program to provide a comprehensive setting for clinical practice and service to parochial schools in low-income urban areas. The authors here describe this program.
TESTING FOR THE EQUALITY OF SEVERAL CORRELATION MATRICES

Abstract In this paper we obtain the Wald statistic for the test of the equality of correlation matrices. Simulation results indicate that, in most cases involving small sample sizes, this test yields actual significance levels closer to the nominal significance level than does the likelihood ratio test.
Investigation of surfactant-modified activated carbon for recycled water disinfection.

This study investigated the effectiveness of surfactant-loaded granular activated carbon (GAC) to deactivate total coliform, E. coli , and enterococci found in tertiary effluent under various experimental conditions, i.e. varying surfactant dose, GAC dose, and contact time. The results indicate that GAC loaded with 100 mg/g of hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB), achieved log reductions as high as 1.02 and 1.86 of total coliform, respectively. At varying GAC doses and contact times, 200 mg/g of DDAB dose achieved 99.9 to 100% reduction in total coliform at initial concentrations as high as 38,000 MPN/100 mL. Complete deactivation of E. coli and enterococci were observed for CTAB and DDAB at 200 mg/g dose for varying GAC doses and contact times used in this study. DDAB was more effective than CTAB at deactivating total coliform and E. coli , both Gram-negative bacteria, while both surfactants were shown to have similar disinfection capabilities against enterococci. Surfactant dose and GAC dose were shown to enhance bacteria deactivation; however, surfactant dose was found to be the most important parameter. For contact times evaluated in this research, bacterial deactivation remained the same or slightly decreased with contact time. In conclusion, surfactant-modified GAC can be used as an effective disinfection technique for recycled water.
The Effects of Supplementing Diets with Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii on Male Poult Performance and Ileal Morphology

Abstract This study determined the effects of three levels of supplemental yeast of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii (SCB) on commercial male poult performance and ileum morphology. One hundred and sixty Nicholas poults were randomly assigned to 16 battery cages (10 poults per cage, 4 cages per diet) from 1 to 21 d of age (DOA). Poults were fed diets (26% CP) consisting of corn-soybean (CS, control), CS + .01% SCB, CS + .02% SCB, and CS + .06% SCB. At 21 DOA, 30 poults fed the CS and CS + .02% SCB diets (from 1 to 21 DOA) were randomly selected within each diet, placed in 1 of 6 cages (5 poults per cage, 3 cages per diet), and fed their respective diet to 35 DOA. Body weights and feed consumptions (FC) were measured at 21 and 35 DOA and morphological comparisons of ileal tissues were conducted at 35 DOA. Increased BW (P .05) were observed in FC or feed:gain ratios from 1 to 21 DOA. Increased (P .05) in FC or feed:gain were observed. Histological examination of ileal sections from poults (35 DOA) fed the CS and CS + .02% SCB diets revealed a decrease (P .05) were observed for either villus height or width.
The driving force in hospital formularies: economics versus efficacy

The rising cost of pharmaceuticals has created a focus on hospital cost containment. From 1990 to 2000, spending on prescription drugs increased 200%. Through a variety of mechanisms and contracting, hospital formularies have become increasingly more restrictive. Physician choice with regard to antibiotics specifically is becoming more limited. The field of pharmacoeconomics looks at the cost effectiveness of the drugs we use. The pressures on the pharmaceutical industry and hospitals are reviewed here with a discussion of antibiotic prophylaxis, new expensive therapies, and physician responsibility. The driving force behind hospital formulary design is often economic, whereas the physician desires variety and efficacy. This review discusses some of the key issues related to drug costs and expenditures.
Structured Group Mobility

The structured group mobility model that allows a parameterized description of group structure dependencies for generating movement traces is described. It is explained that simulation time taken by the SGMM is insignificant despite the complexity of this group mobility model due its structure representing the real-world mobility. We have also articulated why more investigation needs to be done for the SGMM.
A Review of Estimate at Completion Research

The cancellation of the Navy’s A-12 program has increased interest in forecasting the completed cost of a defense contract, termed “Estimate at Completion” (EAC). In addition, popular software packages and electronic spreadsheets allow users to quickly compute a range of EACs. Analysts and managers are left with the task of deciding which EAC or range of EACs is most accurate. Although there have been many studies that either compare existing EAC formulas and models, or propose new ones, few have been published in journals or magazines, and there is little guidance regarding which formula or model is most accurate. This paper reviews 25 studies which either propose or compare EAC formulas and models. Each study is briefly described. Tables which summarize research results are provided. Results show that no one formula or model is always best. Additional research with regression-based models is needed.
Health status and adaptation among long-term cervical cancer survivors

Objectives. This study assesses health and adaptation among long-term survivors of cervical cancer. Little research has been published on women who have survived over ten years after diagnosis of this disease. Both clinicians and patients can benefit from increased information on the likelihood of chronic and late effects of cervical cancer across the life course of survivors. Materials and methods. The investigators interviewed 208 individuals six years or more post-invasive cervical cancer diagnosis from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. Cervical cancer survivors were compared with women from the general population interviewed in the Connecticut Behavioral Risk Factor Survey (BRFS). Measures of health status and adaptation were compared across successive categories of survival time, including self-assessment of general health according to an item from the MOS-36, days of ill health in past month, and days in past month in which activity was limited by physical or mental health. Results. No differences were detected in self-reported general health status between cervical cancer survivors and BRFS controls. But cervical cancer survivors more often reported days of illness and days in which their activities were limited by illness during the month prior to interview. No differences were detected in employment, marital status, or health insurance coverage. No statistically significant differences were detected across survival time categories. Conclusions. A high level of adaptation appears to prevail among cervical cancer survivors. Late effects on health status are not evident. However, the possibility that specific subgroups may experience particularly severe challenges should not be ignored and future research should help identify these subgroups.
Introduction to the Symposium: Muscle Properties and Organismal Function: Shifting Paradigms'

Movement is fundamental to survival and reproduction of all animals. Most animals must possess the machinery to support and move organelles, cells, parts of the organism, and the entire organism. In multicellular animals support and movement are accomplished by specialized tissues, including, muscles, bones, tendons, and other connective tissues. These tissues must operate as integrated components to provide appropriate functional capabilities to the system. The symposium from which the following several papers are drawn focused on muscle. However the basic philosophy that brought the participants together was that muscle function must be integrated into the context of the multiple systems that are needed to accomplish movement. Only with an integrated approach can we hope to understand the specialization of muscle by natural selection to suit its function in vivo. We are now the beneficiaries of several centuries of investigation into the details of muscle function, with particularly important insight coming in the past 70 years. A change in our understanding of muscle function began in the early part of this century with the pioneering experimental analyses of A. V. Hill. This work denned the basic contractile properties of muscles at a phenomenological level (Hill, 1922, 1938, 1949, 1951, 1965, 1970). In the middle of this century, the understanding of underlying cellular and molecular aspects of muscle function was altered substantially with the introduction of the sliding-filament model (Huxley and Niedergerke, 1954; Huxley and Hanson, 1954). The perspective 1 From the symposium Muscle Properties and Or
Free Marketeers on the Edge: a Response to McCoy and Atwood

I appreciate the instruction in economics provided by Professors McCoy and Atwood and their efforts to fathom the deeper sources of my errors therein. If I understand them correctly, they write from within that particular persuasion of the dismal science called “free market environmentalism,” which holds that, if we just assign clear property rights for natural resources and don’t interfere with what folks with money want to do, everything will work out OK, for Adam Smith once told us so. Actually he did not, but that is for another time. The curious debilities of that view become clear when McCoy and Atwood ask, “What is wrong with a human boom and bust cycle? Is our species to exempt itself from normal ecological processes?” For McCoy and Atwood, the answer is that nothing is wrong with humankind going bust because “even if we are on the brink of disaster, backing away from the precipice may involve costs we are not willing to pay. Tradeoffs are inherent in any decision.” In other words, if it is too expensive to back away from the edge of disaster, we ought to follow the brave free marketeers over the cliff. And exactly what “tradeoffs” are those lying at the bottom of their precipice able to enjoy? They do not say. But if things do go bust for Homo sapiens perhaps they can find solace, as McCoy and Atwood do, in the idea that “there will still be bacteria (and) ecosystem processes. . . will continue.” I am somewhat less comforted by that prospect than they. One wishes to ask if they consulted with their families, friends, or even their students who may be less willing to give their all for the doctrine of “tradeoffs.” The sterile language of indifference, cloaked in the presumptions of doctrine, hide human consequences and suffering for which there are no adequate words. But having no words to describe the consequences of shoddy ideas, one can have no price to put on it, and having no price, one can have no property rights, hence no stake in anything like a market transaction in human survival.
A Switch-Resistance-Aware Dickson Charge Pump Model for Optimizing Clock Frequency

This brief proposes an explicit Dickson charge pump model, including the effect of the resistance of switching devices on the pump performance. Using this model, one can estimate an optimum clock frequency and the size of the transferring transistors in terms of the main pump capacitors, the auxiliary capacitors, and the transfer transistors to maximize the output current under the same silicon area in a given technology.
Chemical coupling between ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles.

The concentrations of inorganic aerosol components in the fine particulate matter (PMfine42.5 mm) consisted of primarily ammonium, sodium, sulfate, nitrate, and chloride are related to the transfer time scale between gas to particle phase, which is a function of the ambient temperature, relative humidity, and their gas phase constituent concentrations in the atmosphere. This study involved understanding the magnitude of major ammonia sources; and an up-wind and down-wind (receptor) ammonia, acid gases, and fine particulate measurements; with a view to accretion gas-to-particle conversion (GTPS) process in an agricultural/ rural environment. The observational based analysis of ammonia, acid gases, and fine particles by annular denuder system (ADS) coupled with a Gaussian dispersion model provided the mean pseudo-first-order kS-1 between NH3 and H2SO4 aerosol � 5.00 (� 3.77)� 10 � 3 s � 1 . The rate constant was found to increase as ambient temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation increases, and decreases with increasing relative humidity. The observed [NH3][HNO3] products exceeded values predicted by theoretical equilibrium constants, due to a local excess of ammonia concentration. # 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comments on “Effects of Polarization Rotation in Optical Ring-Resonator-Based Devices”

Key equations in a previously published paper (J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 24, no. 1, p. 573, 2006) are corrected, and some ambiguity in deriving them is discussed
CD47 mediates post-adhesive events required for neutrophil migration across polarized intestinal epithelia

Transepithelial migration of neutrophils (PMN) is a defining characteristic of active inflammatory states of mucosal surfaces. The process of PMN transepithelial migration, while dependent on the neutrophil beta 2 integrin CD11b/CD18, remains poorly understood. In these studies, we define a monoclonal antibody, C5/D5, raised against epithelial membrane preparations, which markedly inhibits PMN migration across polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line T84 in a bidirectional fashion. In T84 cells, the antigen defined by C5/D5 is upregulated by epithelial exposure to IFN-gamma, and represents a membrane glycoprotein of approximately 60 kD that is expressed on the basolateral membrane. While transepithelial migration of PMN was markedly inhibited by either C5/D5 IgG or C5/D5 Fab fragments, the antibody failed to inhibit both adhesion of PMN to T84 monolayers and adhesion of isolated T84 cells to the purified PMN integrin, CD11b/CD18. Thus, epithelial-PMN interactions blocked by C5/D5 appear to be downstream from initial CD11b/CD18-mediated adhesion of PMN to epithelial cells. Purification, microsequence analysis, and cross-blotting experiments indicate that the C5/D5 antigen represents CD47, a previously cloned integral membrane glycoprotein with homology to the immunoglobulin superfamily. Expression of the CD47 epitope was confirmed on PMN and was also localized to the basolateral membrane of normal human colonic epithelial cells. While C5/D5 IgG inhibited PMN migration even in the absence of epithelial, preincubation of T84 monolayers with C5/D5 IgG followed by antibody washout also resulted in inhibition of transmigration. These results suggest the presence of both neutrophil and epithelial components to CD47-mediated transepithelial migration. Thus, CD47 represents a potential new therapeutic target for downregulating active inflammatory disease of mucosal surfaces.
Event Discovery in Social Media Feeds

We present a novel method for record extraction from social streams such as Twitter. Unlike typical extraction setups, these environments are characterized by short, one sentence messages with heavily colloquial speech. To further complicate matters, individual messages may not express the full relation to be uncovered, as is often assumed in extraction tasks. We develop a graphical model that addresses these problems by learning a latent set of records and a record-message alignment simultaneously; the output of our model is a set of canonical records, the values of which are consistent with aligned messages. We demonstrate that our approach is able to accurately induce event records from Twitter messages, evaluated against events from a local city guide. Our method achieves significant error reduction over baseline methods.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEART FAILURE TREATMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF WORSENING RENAL FUNCTION AMONG HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

Abstract Background Among patients who are hospitalized with heart failure (HF), worsening renal function (WRF) is associated with worse outcomes. Whether treatment for HF contributes to WRF is unknown. In this study, we sought to assess whether acute treatment for patients who were hospitalized with HF contributes to WRF. Methods Data were collected in a nested case-control study on 382 subjects who were hospitalized with HF (191 patients with WRF, defined as a rise in serum creatinine level >26.5 μmol/L [0.3 mg/dL], and 191 control subjects). The association of medications, fluid intake/output, and weight with WRF was assessed. Results Calcium channel blocker (CCB) use and loop diuretic doses were higher in patients on the day before WRF (25% vs 10% for CCB; 199 ± 195 mg vs 143 ± 119 mg for loop diuretics; both P P Conclusions Several medical strategies, including the use of CCBs and a higher dose of loop diuretics, but not ACE inhibitors, were associated with a higher risk of WRF. Although assessment of inhospital diuresis was limited, WRF could not be explained by greater fluid loss in these patients. Determining whether these interventions are responsible for WRF or are markers of higher risk requires further investigation.
Aggregated path authentication for efficient BGP security

The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) controls inter-domain routing in the Internet. BGP is vulnerable to many attacks, since routers rely on hearsay information from neighbors. Secure BGP (S-BGP) uses DSA to provide route authentication and mitigate many of these risks. However, many performance and deployment issues prevent S-BGP's real-world deployment. Previous work has explored improving S-BGP processing latencies, but space problems, such as increased message size and memory cost, remain the major obstacles. In this paper, we design aggregated path authentication schemes by combining two efficient cryptographic techniques---signature amortization and aggregate signatures. We propose six constructions for aggregated path authentication that substantially improve efficiency of S-BGP's path authentication on both speed and space criteria. Our performance evaluation shows that the new schemes achieve such an efficiency that they may overcome the space obstacles and provide a real-world practical solution for BGP security.
Design and implementation of a random neural network routing engine

Random neural network (RNN) is an analytically tractable spiked neural network model that has been implemented in software for a wide range of applications for over a decade. This paper presents the hardware implementation of the RNN model. Recently, cognitive packet networks (CPN) is proposed as an alternative packet network architecture where there is no routing table, instead the RNN based reinforcement learning is used to route packets. Particularly, we describe implementation details for the RNN based routing engine of a CPN network processor chip: the smart packet processor (SPP). The SPP is a dual port device that stores, modifies, and interprets the defining characteristics of multiple RNN models. In addition to hardware design improvements over the software implementation such as the dual access memory, output calculation step, and reduced output calculation module, this paper introduces a major modification to the reinforcement learning algorithm used in the original CPN specification such that the number of weight terms are reduced from 2n/sup 2/ to 2n. This not only yields significant memory savings, but it also simplifies the calculations for the steady state probabilities (neuron outputs in RNN). Simulations have been conducted to confirm the proper functionality for the isolated SPP design as well as for the multiple SPP's in a networked environment.
Evaluation of the role of ceruloplasmin as an acute-phase reactant.

Abstract The ceruloplasmin activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and fibrinogen concentration were determined in 280 normal and pathologic blood samples with particular reference to the presence or absence of CRP. The levels of these acute-phase reactants generally increased with the intensity of the CRP reaction. In this series the CRP test was positive the least (86 times) and fibrinogen was elevated the most frequently (171 times) of all of the reactants studied. The data support the current conclusion that ceruloplasmin which was elevated in 121 sera may behave as an acutephase reactant, although there seem to be factors other than inflammation which affect serum ceruloplasmin activity.
Interjudge Agreement and the Maximum Value of Kappa

The observed degree of agreement between judges is commonly summarized using Cohen's (1960) kappa. Previous research has related values of kappa to the marginal distributions of the agreement matrix. This manuscript provides an approach for calculating maximum values of kappa as a function of observed agreement proportions between judges. Solutions are provided separately for matrices of size 2 x 2, 3 x 3, 4 x 4, and k X k; plots are provided for the 2 x 2, 3 x 3, and 4 x 4 matrices.
Treatment with antidepressants and down regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors

The effect of chronic and acute treatment with several antidepressant drugs and electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on the responsiveness of norepinephrine (NE) receptor coupled adenylate cyclase and beta-adrenergic receptor binding sites in rat brain has been studied by several groups of investigators. It has been consistently reported that chronic administration (2 to 4 weeks of treatment) of antidepressant drugs or ECS causes a decreased accumulation of NE stimulated cyclic AMP accumulation in rat brain. It has also been reported that chronic treatment with antidepressant drugs or ECS causes decreased binding of [3H]dihydroalprenolol (DHA) or [125I]hydroxybenzylpindolol (I-HYP) (ligands used for studies of beta-adrenergic receptors) in rat brain. However, such effects are not observed after acute or single administration of these drugs or ECS. Since there appears to be a close correlation between the time course of the effects of these drugs on NE receptor coupled adenylate cyclase and beta-adrenergic receptor binding, and since most of the antidepressant drugs tested thus far produce such effects, it has been suggested that down regulation or decreased responsiveness of beta-adrenergic receptors may be related to the therapeutic effects manifested by antidepressant drugs. These observations offer the possibility that determination of beta-adrenergic receptor responsiveness after chronic treatment with drugs may prove useful in the preclinical screening of potential antidepressant drugs. In this paper, studies related to down regulation of beta-adrenergic receptors, including our own, are reviewed.
Five-Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogs

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the synthesis and chemistry of pyrroles, indoles, and fused-ring systems. Pyrroles and especially indoles continue to draw a lot of attention from the scientific community because of their prevalence in natural products and wide range of biological and materials science applications. Multi-component reactions leading to pyrroles and pyrrole syntheses by transformation of other heterocycles are described in the chapter. Intramolecular ‘type a’ approaches to pyrroles mainly fall into three general categories: (1) the cyclocondensation reactions of γ-aminoketones; (2) the metal-mediated 5-endo cyclizations of homopropargyl amines; and (3) the metal-mediated 5-exo cyclizations of γ-aminoalkynes. Two established methods for preparing pyrroles via ‘type c’ processes include the intramolecular cyclization of enaminones and the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of 4-aza-1,6-dienes (and subsequent oxidation). Several established pyrrole name reactions involve ‘type ac’ cyclizations including Knorr (α-aminocarbonyls + 1,3-dicarbonyls), Trofimov (oximes + alkynes), and Piloty–Robinson (hydrazines + aldehydes/ketones).
An Improved Aspirating Probe for Total-Temperature and Total-Pressure Measurements in Compressor Flows

The aspirating probe originally designed by Epstein and Ng at MIT was modified by replacing the two platinum coated tungsten hot wires normally used with platinum iridium alloy wires. The resulting improved unsteady total pressure and total temperature resolution of the modified probe is demonstrated. Flowfield measurements were made downstream of NASA Rotor 37 for a part speed operating condition to test the performance of the probe. Time resolved blade-to-blade total temperature and total pressure as calculated from the two platinum iridium hot wire voltages are shown. The flowfield measurements are compared with independent measurements of total pressure with high response transducers and total temperature calculated from laser anemometer measurements. Limitations of a more often used unsteady temperature data reduction method which involves only one aspirating probe hot wire voltage and a high-response pressure measurement are discussed.Copyright © 1994 by ASME
Viewpoint: The Need for Qualitative Research to Understand Ranch Management

Abstract The use and management of rangelands involves both ecological and social processes, and it is in the interaction of these that conservation is or is not achieved. Overall, the ecological dimensions of rangelands and rangeland management have been studied in greater detail and are better understood than the social dimensions. This paper argues that qualitative methods are necessary to understand the management of rangelands by ranchers. Existing studies using quantitative methods have found little correlation between ranchers' management practices and a variety of social factors. One consistent finding of these studies, however, is that profit is a secondary or insignificant motivation among ranchers, casting doubt on the premise that economic self-interest motivates ranchers to embrace improved management practices. The theoretical and methodological implications of this finding have not been adequately recognized in rangeland science. With its greater flexibility and attention to context, qualit...
Recent Deuteron Compton Scattering Results and Extracted Neutron Polarizabilities

The COMPTON@MAX-lab collaboration has recently published a new measurement of elastic photon scattering from deuterium using tagged photons at the MAX IV Laboratory [1]. The experiment utilized the Tagged Photon Facility at MAX IV and three of the largest NaI(Tl) detectors in the world. Correction terms to the cross section were determined via Monte Carlo simulations [2, 3] and were confirmed by comparisons to the well-known 12 C(γ ,γ )12 C reaction [4]. These results represent the most extensive data on deuteron Compton scattering ever measured and effectively double the world data set. In addition, the energy range overlaps previous experiments and extends nearly 20 MeV higher where the sensitivity to the polarizabilities is enhanced. As a result, we have obtained the neutron polarizabilities as α n =[11.55 ± 1.25(stat) ± 0.2(BSR) ± 0.8(th)] × 10−4 fm3 and β n =[3.65 ∓ 1.25(stat) ± 0.2(BSR) ± 0.8(th)] × 10−4 fm3 , which represents a 30% reduction in the statistical uncertainty.
Partial Loss of Red-Tailed Hawk Territories to Swainson's Hawks: Relations to Habitat

Of a population of 33 pairs of Red-tailed Hawks (Buteojamaicensis) inhabiting north-central Oregon, 9 and 10 pairs lost portions of their breeding territories to laterarriving Swainson's Hawks (B. swainsoni) in 1977 and 1978, respectively. The loss was accompanied by aggressive Swainson's Hawk behavior and vigorous Red-tailed Hawk defense. Analysis of the habitat relinquished by Red-tailed Hawks showed perch availability to be an important resource in the habitat relations of these species. Red-tailed Hawks abandoned areas with perches at moderate densities (0.3-0.6 perch/ha) more often than expected by chance while preferentially retaining areas with greater perch densities. The habitat lost by Red-tailed Hawks is associated with high reproductive performance.
Tenderness Changes Associated with Cutting Up Poultry Shortly After Warm Evisceration

Abstract INTRODUCTION IN THE trend to produce a cut-up rather than a whole body bird at the poultry processing plant level, alternative procedures include (a) cutting after a chilling and aging period of 6 to 24 hours; (b) cutting after a short chilling period (about 1½ hour) in agitated slush ice; or (c) cutting hot immediately after warm evisceration and washing, then packaging, and chilling in the package. In spite of the final reduced raw weight yield of the hot cut compared to the ice water chilled product, there are apparently economic and quality advantages that weigh heavily on the side of the hot cut product. Reduction of weepage in the package, reduced labor costs, no essential loss in yield on a cooked basis, and possible increased shelf life are all potential advantages attributed to hot cutting. One pertinent question that has been raised is, “What effect will hot cutting have…
Jimmy Carter makes a deal

(1998). Jimmy Carter makes a deal. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 54, No. 1, pp. 40-46.
Forskolin enhancement of opioid currents in rat locus coeruleus neurons

1. Opioids are known to hyperpolarize all neurons in the nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) and to inhibit adenylyl cyclase. Recent work has shown that activation of adenylyl cyclase with forskolin increased the amplitude of the opioid hyperpolarization in LC cells. The aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of this augmented hyperpolarization. 2. Agonist-induced currents were studied in LC cells in brain slices using both intracellular and whole cell recordings. Forskolin increased the amplitude of mu-opioid- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated currents by approximately 30% of control measured at -60 mV. This effect of forskolin was dependent on the concentration having a threshold of approximately 1 microM and a peak effect at approximately 30 microM. Dideoxyforskolin (30 microM) caused a small reduction (-52 +/- 28 pA, mean +/- SE) in the amplitude of the opioid current. 3. Forskolin increased the agonist current in the outward direction over the entire potential range between -140 and -50 mV when recordings were made from neurons in cells recorded from slices cut in the horizontal plane. This augmented current produced a shift of the apparent reversal potential to more negative values. 4. Both the forskolin augmentation of the opioid current and the opoid current itself were reduced when the space clamp was improved by cutting the slice in the coronal plane, increasing the extracellular potassium concentration, and treating the slice with carbenoxolone. In addition, forskolin did not change the reversal potential of the opoid current. When expressed as a percentage change from control, forskolin had no significant effect on the opioid current in carbenoxolone (-13 +/- 13%) but produced a small augmentation in high extracellular potassium (15 +/- 4%) and coronoal slices (31 +/- 12%). 5. Two models were tested to explain the action of forskolin, one where cells are coupled electronically by a forskolin-sensitive conductance (coupled-cell model) and a second where opioids mediate an inhibition of a forskolin-induced cation conductance (2-conductance model). The experimental results were fit well only by the coupled-cell model, which predicted that the opioid/forskolin interaction is indirect and occurs primarily in response to forskolin increasing the degree of electrotonic coupling between LC neurons. The consequence of increased coupling would be to augment synchronous activity within the nucleus.
Application of Undirected Spanning Tree-based Parallel Genetic Algorithm in Distributed Network Reconfiguration

With the increasing penetration of uncontrollable distributed generators such as distributed wind generator and photovoltaic generation,the uncertainty of distributed generator has become a key factor in distribution network reconfiguration.Hence,a stochastic network reconfiguration model was used to minimize the mathematical expectation of overall power loss,considering the constraints of power flow,voltage and topology.The stochastic power flow based on Latin Hypercube sampling-Monte Carlo simulation(LHS-MCS)was used to examine the chance constraints of nodal voltage and branch power flow.To improve computational efficiency,parallel undirected spanning tree-based genetic algorithm(PSTGA)was proposed to solve the network reconfiguration in parallel.The results of test in IEEE 33-bus distribution system have confirmed the rationality of model.The efficiency of PSTGA has been proved by comparing with undirected spanning treebased genetic algorithm,particle swarm optimization,ant colony searching optimization and improved harmony search algorithm.
Medical examination of prostitutes.

This article deals with the history and present status of medical examination and certification of prostitutes as measures for the protection of the public health; it states the reasons for abandonment of this practice, and for its condemnation by the American Medical Association.
Observations of defect structure evolution in proton and Ni ion irradiated Ni-Cr binary alloys

Abstract Two binary Ni-Cr model alloys with 5 wt% Cr and 18 wt% Cr were irradiated using 2 MeV protons at 400 and 500 °C and 20 MeV Ni4+ ions at 500 °C to investigate microstructural evolution as a function of composition, irradiation temperature, and irradiating ion species. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was applied to study irradiation-induced void and faulted Frank loops microstructures. Irradiations at 500 °C were shown to generate decreased densities of larger defects, likely due to increased barriers to defect nucleation as compared to 400 °C irradiations. Heavy ion irradiation resulted in a larger density of smaller voids when compared to proton irradiations, indicating in-cascade clustering of point defects. Cluster dynamics simulations were in good agreement with the experimental findings, suggesting that increases in Cr content lead to an increase in interstitial binding energy, leading to higher densities of smaller dislocation loops in the Ni-18Cr alloy as compared to the Ni-5Cr alloy.
From Salomon’s House to Synthesis Centers

Synthesis centers, which catalyze and host working groups, are an innovative form of scientific organization that promotes the integration of scientific diversity and its engagement with real-world problems. Placed in historical perspective, such centers are examples of an ongoing process of renewal in the organizational and institutional arrangements of science, and they have consequences for the character and effects of scientific knowledge. We describe and analyze how intellectual and institutional innovations emerge and are entwined within such centers, then draw upon ideas from science studies, small group dynamics, and the group creativity and interdisciplinarity literatures to identify the patterns and processes of social interaction responsible for the centers’ performance.
Addressing Unmet Sexual Health Needs among Black Adolescents with Mental Illnesses

Despite advances in HIV epidemiologic and prevention research, adolescents with mental illnesses remain a historically underserved group with respect to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention resources. Black adolescents with mental illnesses in particular are a relatively underserved, hidden population in the field of sexual health. Strategies and guidelines are needed to account for underlying psychopathology among Black adolescents with mental illnesses in ways that current models have yet to address. In this paper, we propose several actionable mechanisms to better integrate HIV/STI and mental health related services and activities for sexual health promotion.
An Introduction to Survival Statistics: Kaplan-Meier Analysis

Studies of how patients re¬spond to treatment over time are fundamentally impor¬tant to understanding how therapies influence quality of life and progression of disease during survivorship.
Applications of circularly symmetric high impedance surfaces for spiral antennas

A circularly symmetric high impedance surface is used as ground plane for spiral antennas. It is shown through simulations that a circular high impedance surface exhibits a wider operational bandwidth when used as ground plane for this type of radiators compared to loop antennas.
Transgender Medicine Curriculum: Integration Into an Organ System-Based Preclinical Program.

Introduction There is a recognized and articulated need for health professionals to understand the definitions, health disparities, and medical management of transgender patients. This recognition ...