cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cancer Pain Assessment and Measurement.

ABSTRACT Objectives To review the incidence of cancer pain; assessment of acute, chronic, and breakthrough pain; and provide insight on assessment approaches and reliable and valid instruments for clinical and research settings. Data Sources Peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, Internet. Conclusion Quality pain management for patients with cancer is dependent on an accurate pain assessment and ongoing reassessment, considering the whole person. Being knowledgeable about evidence-based pain assessment practices is key. Implications for Nursing Practice Concentrated efforts to address pain assessment barriers and effectively report pain assessments in diverse populations are warranted, especially in this current health care environment when pain assessment is challenging.
Spirometry Measurement of Peak Inspiratory Flow Identifies Suboptimal Use of Dry Powder Inhalers in Ambulatory Patients with COPD.

Objectives: Determine the prevalence of suboptimal peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) and associated patient characteristics and compare PIFR measurements obtained with spirometry and In-Check DIAL® device in ambulatory patients with COPD. Methods: Patients underwent PIFR measurement with In-Check DIAL® device and pulmonary function testing with calibrated equipment. Group characteristics and lung function were compared for patients with suboptimal (≤ 60 L/min) and optimal (> 60 L/min) PIFR. Receiver operating curve analysis determined the best maximal forced inspiratory flow (FIF max) value in identifying optimal PIFR by gender and height. Results: From July 1, 2016 to January 31, 2018, a total of 303 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) had PIFR and pulmonary function measurements. Group mean age was 65.5 ± 11.3 years with equal gender distribution. Suboptimal PIFR was observed in 61 (20.1%) patients. A significant correlation was observed between PIFR and FIF max, inspiratory capacity and residual volume (RV) to total lung capacity (TLC) ratio. In the suboptimal PIFR group, mean FIF max measured by spirometry was significantly less compared with the optimal PIFR group; 178.5 ± 56.9 L/min and 263.4 ± 89.9 L/min, respectively (p<0.0001). Receiver operator curve analysis of FIF max to identify an optimal PIFR yielded an area under the curve of 0.79. Males < 65 inches had a suboptimal PIFR in 16.7 % of the male cohort, while females < 65 inches had a suboptimal PIFR in 27.4 % of the women. Conclusions: Suboptimal PIFR was present in 1 in 5 stable patients with COPD and was more frequent in short statured females. Spirometry determined FIF max was associated with PIFR based on gender and height.
The Interprofessional Role in Dental Caries Management: Ways Medical Providers Can Support Oral Health (Perspectives from a Physician)

Medical providers are important allies in the prevention of dental caries. Through raising the issue by asking about risks and strengths, offering anticipatory guidance and counseling, encouraging and following up on referrals, and applying preventive fluoride, medical providers can have a direct, positive impact on oral health. Further, improving communication with referrals, bidirectionally, benefits patient care as well as provider satisfaction. By collaborating on advocacy efforts, medical and dental providers can broaden their impact while building relationships, with the end goal of improved health for patients throughout their lifetime. Reintegrating the mouth into the body and oral health into systemic health has benefits for patients and providers alike, and can and should be accomplished in the medical home.
The Activation of Molecular Nitrogen

In view of its abundance and availability molecular nitrogen is potentially a valuable substrate for catalytic reactions. Its present limited usage in industry is as a feedstock in the Haber-Bosch ammonia synthesis, a process requiring a heterageneous catalyst, high temperatures, and high pressures. The selective reduction of N2 to hydrazine or to organic nitrogen compounds would be highly desirable but may well be possible only with homogeneous catalysts operating under mild conditions. Thus the development of transition metal compounds capable of promoting the reduction of N2 remains a challenge to inorganic and organometallic chemists.
Fracture strength of hot-pressed silicon carbide at the microscale

Abstract Tensile strength is a critical design parameter to ensure reliability of silicon carbide devices. However, SiC's tensile strength depends on the dominant flaw subjected to maximum tensile stress. Typically, processing related flaws (i.e. voids or inclusions) dominate the tensile response thereby masking role of the underlying microstructure. To probe the intrinsic microstructural flaws in a hot-pressed SiC microscale tensile bars were machined using a custom femtosecond laser micromachining apparatus from thin sections. When tested in tension, the fracture strength was dramatically higher compared to bulk tensile strengths. An analysis of strength-size scaling suggested a transition in the dominant strength-determining flaw at the microscale. Analysis of fracture surfaces and critical flaw sizes suggest failure is governed by isolated large grains. These observations have important implications for parameterizing ceramic failure models.
Phase II Trial of Ipilimumab with Stereotactic Radiation Therapy for Metastatic Disease: Outcomes, Toxicities, and Low-Dose Radiation–Related Abscopal Responses

Ipilimumab is effective for patients with melanoma, but not for those with less immunogenic tumors. We report a phase II trial of ipilimumab with concurrent or sequential stereotactic ablative radiotherapy to metastatic lesions in the liver or lung (NCT02239900). Ipilimumab (every 3 weeks for 4 doses) was given with radiotherapy begun during the first dose (concurrent) or 1 week after the second dose (sequential) and delivered as 50 Gy in 4 fractions or 60 Gy in 10 fractions to metastatic liver or lung lesions. In total, 106 patients received ≥1 cycle of ipilimumab with radiation. Median follow-up was 10.5 months. Median progression-free survival time was 2.9 months (95% confidence interval, 2.45-3.40), and median overall survival time was not reached. Rates of clinical benefit of nonirradiated tumor volume were 26% overall, 28% for sequential versus 20% for concurrent therapy (P = 0.250), and 31% for lung versus 14% for liver metastases (P = 0.061). The sequential lung group had the highest rate of clinical benefit at 42%. There were no differences in treatment-related adverse events between groups. Exploratory analysis of nontargeted lesions revealed that lesions receiving low-dose radiation were more likely to respond than those that received no radiation (31% vs. 5%, P = 0.0091). This phase II trial of ipilimumab with stereotactic radiotherapy describes satisfactory outcomes and low toxicities, lending support to further investigation of combined-modality therapy for metastatic cancers.
Conidium Ontogeny and Cytology of Tubakia Dryina from Louisiana Hardwoods

The nuclear condition of mycelium, fruiting body cells, conidiogenous cells and conidia was determined for Tubakia dryina. All cells in the fruiting body were uninucleate, but the conidia were binu...
Does sex ratio bias and sexual dimorphism occur in Lindera benzoin L. (Lauraceae) prior to fruit production?1

Secondary (flowering) sex ratio of a wild population of the dioecious woody shrub Lindera benzoin (spicebush) in Maryland has been persistently female biased over a time span of ∼ 17 years. Female-biased secondary sex ratios are relatively uncommon in dioecious woody plants, and are not readily explained by differential costs of reproduction, which are generally higher in females. In fact, prior studies of reproductive adults in L. benzoin populations have shown higher growth rates in males. This leads to questions concerning the source of female-biased sex ratios in some populations. Using seeds collected from 15 maternal plants at the Maryland site in 2013, a potted plant study was conducted from 2014–2020 in which periodic flowering censuses were taken, and plant size parameters were recorded. This study improves upon an analogous common garden study conducted under highly competitive conditions that induced considerable preflowering mortality. In the current study, plants were grown in pots to eliminate root competition and in a loose array to minimize shoot competition; mortality was thus kept to ∼ 1% after seed germination. Like the source population, genet sex ratios in the current study were significantly female-biased, partly due to a trend toward female-biased sex ratios in the offspring of a number of maternal plants. Estimates of plant size were generally higher for females in 2018, just prior to the onset of significant fruit production, supporting earlier results suggesting that females may compensate for differential costs of reproduction that can manifest after fruiting begins. Even in the absence of biased primary sex ratios, formation of female bias in wild populations could involve development of a relatively larger size in the pre-fruiting stage that gives females a temporary advantage over males. This could lead to relatively greater survival and/or earlier flowering of female plants in the early stages of population establishment, and could thus explain observed patterns of sex ratio bias.
Systems and Models of Psychiatric Care for College Students

The systems and models of care for delivering psychiatric services at institutions of higher education (IHEs) are as diverse as college campuses and students themselves. The major determinants of college mental health services—and nonacademic student services in general—are (1) student demographics; (2) geography; (3) institutional size and setting; (4) budget and funding models; and (5) organizational structure. For mental health services in particular, affiliation with an academic or community medical center and the availability of off-campus resources are also significant determinants. In short, context is everything.
Dissemination and Implementation Science Approaches for Occupational Safety and Health Research: Implications for Advancing Total Worker Health.

Total Worker Health® (TWH), an initiative of the U.S. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, is defined as policies, programs, and practices that integrate protection from work-related health and safety hazards by promoting efforts that advance worker well-being. Interventions that apply the TWH paradigm improve workplace health more rapidly than wellness programs alone. Evidence of the barriers and facilitators to the adoption, implementation, and long-term maintenance of TWH programs is limited. Dissemination and implementation (DI (2) a plain language explanation of key concepts in DI (3) a case study example of moving a TWH intervention down the research-to-practice pipeline; and (4) a discussion of future opportunities for conducting D&I science in complex and dynamic workplace settings to increase worker safety, health, and well-being.
Supervisory control of integral-input-to-state stabilizing controllers

A high-level supervisor, employing switching and logic, is proposed to orchestrate the switching between a family of candidate controllers into feedback with an imprecisely modeled process so as to stabilize it. Each of the candidate controllers is required to integral-input-to-state stabilize one particular admissible process model, with respect to a suitably defined disturbance input. The controller selection is made by (i) continuously comparing in real time suitably defined "normed" output estimation errors or "performance signals" and (ii) placing in the feedback-loop, from time to time, that candidate controller whose corresponding performance signal is the smallest. The use of integral-input-to-state stability in the context of supervisory control of nonlinear systems, allowed us to weaken the requirements on the candidate controllers being used. It also seems quite natural when the performance signals are defined as "integral norms" of the output estimation errors.
Understanding the Optimal Redshift Range for the Supernovae Hubble Diagram

The supernovae Hubble diagram traces the expansion history of the universe, including the influence of dark energy. Its use to probe the cosmological model can fruitfully be guided by heuristic study of the features of the model curves. By relating these directly to the physics of the expansion we can understand simply the optimal redshift range for supernovae observations, requiring a survey depth of z=1.5-2 to distinguish evolution in dark energy properties.
Elsinoë fawcettii and Elsinoë australis: the fungal pathogens causing citrus scab

Elsinoe fawcettii and E. australis are important pathogens of citrus. Both species are known to produce red or orange pigments, called elsinochrome. Elsinochrome is a nonhost-selective phytotoxin and is required for full fungal virulence and lesion formation. This article discusses the taxonomy, epidemiology, genetics and pathology of the pathogens. It also provides a perspective on the cellular toxicity, biosynthetic regulation and pathological role of elsinochrome phytotoxin. Taxonomy: Elsinoe fawcettii (anamorph: Sphaceloma fawcettii) and E. australis (anamorph: S. australis) are classified in the Phylum Ascomycota, Class Dothideomycetes, Order Myriangiales and Family Elsinoaceae. Host range: Elsinoe fawcettii causes citrus scab (formerly sour orange scab and common scab) on various species and hybrids in the Rutaceae family worldwide, whereas E. australis causes sweet orange scab, primarily on sweet orange and some mandarins, and has a limited geographical distribution. Disease symptoms: Citrus tissues infested with Elsinoe often display erumpent scab pustules with a warty appearance. Toxin production: Elsinochrome and many perylenequinone-containing phytotoxins of fungal origin are grouped as photosensitizing compounds that are able to absorb light energy, react with oxygen molecules and produce reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide and singlet oxygen. Elsinochrome has been documented to cause peroxidation of cell membranes and to induce rapid electrolyte leakage from citrus tissues. Elsinochrome biosynthesis and conidiation are coordinately regulated in E. fawcettii, and the environmental and physiological inducers commonly involved in both processes have begun to be elucidated.
Vitamin D-ascorbic Acid Association in Bone Metabolism

Previous results (Thornton and Brownrigg, 1961) have indicated that ascorbic acid influenced the skeletal response of chicks to vitamin D3 deficiency. Turnover of skeletal 45Ca was enhanced in vitamin D3 deficient individuals in the presence of ascorbic acid, suggesting a change in the bone metabolic rate. No specific role for vitamin D in bone cells has been evolved; however, investigations with cartilage have suggested a metabolic function in that tissue. It appears to be needed for normal formation and metabolism of citric acid (Neuman and Neuman, 1958).
Location of the root of superconductivity in La2−βSrβCuOx and Nd2−zCezCuOx

Abstract Using pair breaking by Cu-site magnetic impurities as a probe, we demonstrate that the root of superconductivity is located in the ‘charge reservoir’ regions of La2-βSrβCuOx and Nd2-zCezCuOx (with x ≈ 4), namely in the regions occupied by interstitial dopant oxygen, and not in the cuprate planes. The fractional changes in T c induced by non-magnetic impurities in both materials are the same, indicating that Nd2-zCezCuOx, like La2-βSrβCuOx, is a hole superconductor.
Edison's Modern Legend in Villiers' L'Eve future

This paper analyzes the characterization of Thomas Edison in Villiers de l’Isle-Adam’s L’Eve future (1886) in an effort to explain how the author constructs this figure’s modern legend in the novel’s “oeuvre d’art-metaphysique.” Choosing an inventor protagonist in a work that recommends itself on its serious, artistic purpose stands out in late 19th century literature because, at the time, such characters are associated with popular literature. Villiers stresses the uniqueness of his Edison by suggesting comparisons with such literary and mythological precursors as Faust and Prometheus only to show that his protagonist has little in common with them: this inventor looks down upon humanity and wishes to reform it, while being arrogant and happy in his lucrative business. Edison’s seemingly occult task is to copy a woman, and this paper argues he achieves success not because he produces a functioning android but because he presents his machine as an occult device to his decadent interlocutor. This spectacular marketing recalls that of the phonograph, as well as the staging of devices in Edison’s stands in the International and Electrical Expositions of the 1870s and 1880s. Villiers’ depiction of the protagonist as astute showman does not, however, amount to a criticism of his technological abilities. Instead, the author’s emphasis on these characteristics goes to solidify his legend as a modern, unique tale of economic success through applied science.
The U.S. Owner-Operator Trucker: A Transportation Policy Based on Personal Bankruptcy

A large, highly productive, and vital segment of the U.S. intercity freight transportation capacity is subject to violent and, at times, disruptive convulsions as a buffer to absorbing shifts in transportation demand. I am referring to that group of single-truck fleet, independent operators known in the United States as “owner-operators.” It has been estimated that some 100,000 such persons own and operate their own trucks without Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) authority and provide approximately 25 to 40 percent of the intercity truck transportation in the United States. Until recently this segment of the U.S. transportation industry received little attention. Certainly there was no concern for the welfare of this group of independent small businesses that were ignored by the government and the larger competitors.
Knowledge Base Change Monitor

The knowledge Base Change Monitor provides capabilities to track and analyze changes to the knowledge used by an expert system. This information can be used to evaluate proposed changes, evaluate performance of a changed system and provide information necessary for maintaining an evolving knowledge base. These capabilities are essential in large, complex production systems. The Knowledge Base Change Monitor prototype takes the first step in demonstrating how some facilities for the management of knowledge can be implemented. The approach used in this project integrates capabilities existing in several computer disciplines. Currently, the information collected by the monitor and the statistical analyses it produces are available to the analyst. With this feedback the analyst is able to tune the expert system, increasing the quality of its reasoning process over time. >
Electromechanical Performance Advantages and Limitations of -Oriented Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 Crystals

The electromechanical properties of 0.7Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.3PbTiO3 oriented crystals have been investigated under unaxial stress (σ). The results demonstrate enhanced piezoelectric coefficients and electroacoustic power densities with increasing σ. However, these increases are accompanied by significant increases in hysteretic losses. The results also demonstrate that the electromechanical coupling coefficient (~0.92) is relatively independent of a between 0 and 6x107 N/m2. Future transducer designs can rely on piezocrystals offering a k33 of 0.92, 10 dB more power, and low losses under operational conditions of σ<107 N/m2 and 5<T<40°C.
Sensitivity of N2O, CFCl3, and CF2Cl2 two‐dimensional distributions to O2 absorption cross sections

A good test of the transport and ultraviolet radiation treatment for any model can be based on the consideration of the three gases N2O, CFCl3 (F-11), and CF2Cl2 (F-12). Attention is given to a two-dimensional model which makes it possible to study changes in seasonal and latitudinal distributions which result from O2 cross-section changes. A latitude-dependent ozone decrease has already been predicted by two-dimensional models for chlorofluoromethane (CFM) release. For this reason, it is of interest to determine if a strong latitude-dependent change is detectable in the CFM profiles. One-dimensional models have pointed toward a trend of decreased trace gas concentrations in correlation with decreased O2 cross sections. The O2 cross sections between 180 and 230 nm are changed within a range of experimentlly allowed values. It is found that lower O2 absorption cross sections lead to larger photodissociation rates for the trace gases F-11, F-12, and N2O.
Syntheses and flame retarding properties of DOPO polymers, melamine polymers, and DOPO-melamine copolymers

The 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) polymers, melamine polymers, and DOPO-melamine copolymers have been successfully synthesized, and their flame retarding properties have also been investigated by blending with polypropylene (PP)/styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) alloys. Experimental results establish that all of them are good polymeric flame retardants. No blooming or color stains occur when they are incorporated into PP/SEBS alloys. Among lab-made polymeric flame retardants, DOPO- melamine copolymers exhibit the best thermal stability and nonflammability. PP/SEBS alloys containing DOPO-melamine copolymers display comparable thermal resistance and flame retarding behavior (Td = 290°C; char yield: 15.6%, LOI: 23, and flammability: UL-94 V0) as the alloys containing common commercial flame retardants (i.e., DOPO, melamine, and ammonium polyphosphate). Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality of Service architectures for wireless networks: IntServ and DiffServ models

Guaranteeing Quality of Service (QoS) in the Internet has been proposed using two different models-the Integrated services (IntServ) model and the Differentiated services (DiffServ) model. IntServ uses the per-flow approach to provide guarantees to individual streams, while DiffServ provides aggregate assurances for a group of applications. Both these models have been designed to work for wired networks. Our aim is to identify modifications that need to be made to make them suitable for wireless networks. In this paper, some possible modifications to the IntServ and DiffServ models for use with wireless networks are presented. A description of an experimental testbed built to implement and test the proposed enhancements, and results from the testbed are also provided.
A Stochastic Interpretation of the Heavy Half

Purchase concentration is sufficiently skewed to consider the heavy users as a distinct market segment. Models based on equal average consumption and a model allowing consumers to have different average consumption rates are developed.
Electric load monitoring of residential buildings using goodness of fit and multi-layer perceptron neural networks

Nonintrusive appliance load Non-intrusive load monitoring is an emerging signal processing and analysis technology that aims to identify individual appliance in residential or commercial buildings or to diagnose shipboard electro-mechanical systems through continuous monitoring of the change of On and Off status of various loads. The goal of the NIALM system is to identify and track instances when appliance in a building is turned on and off. This is achieved by collecting electric power data measure live from the service entry point of a building; disaggregate it and extracting unique features of the signal that can be used to identify appliances in the building. The NIALM provides a relatively cheap and efficient way to monitor appliances without invading the home or disrupting the normal configuration of the household appliances. To better plan for our current and future energy needs, it is important for us to know how each of our electrical appliance is been utilized. This information would help facility managers to better manage and distribute power; appliance producer to design and produce more energy efficient appliances; and also home owners/building managers understand each appliance, utilization and energy consumption which would help in decision making.
Pathology of AIDS-Related Liver Disease

Hepatomegaly and abnormalities of serum liver tests are common problems in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Opportunist infections (Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare </i
Apparent interaction between telaprevir and warfarin in a patient with chronic hepatitis C viral infection

Purpose A probable interaction between warfarin and a recently approved protease inhibitor used in a triple-drug regimen for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is reported. Summary A 45-year-old Hispanic man seen at an anticoagulation clinic was found to have an International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 6.0; for the preceding eight months, INR values in the therapeutic range (2.5–3.5) had been maintained on a stable regimen of warfarin sodium 6 mg daily. Two days before the clinic visit, triple therapy with peginterferon alfa-2a, ribavirin, and telaprevir had been initiated for chronic HCV infection. The patient was instructed to skip two warfarin sodium doses and then resume its use at a reduced daily dose (5 mg), but he reported missing five doses, resulting in a below-target INR. An increase in the weekly warfarin dose of 50% above the baseline dose was required to reattain a target INR. The warfarin dosing requirement began to decline only after the man finished the prescribed 12-week course of telaprevir. Conclusion The INR of an HCV-infected man who was on a stable warfarin regimen was found to be above the target range two days after triple therapy including telaprevir was begun. The INR fell below the target range after warfarin therapy was ceased for five days and returned to that range after warfarin was restarted and its dosage gradually increased to 1.5 times the baseline dosage. The warfarin dosage needed to maintain a target INR fell to nearly its baseline level after telaprevir was discontinued.
Effect of temperature on the heart rate-ventilatory response in the copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix, (reptilia:Viperidae)

Abstract 1. 1.|Electrocardiographic and ventilatory activity of Agkistrodon contortrix were monitored over a temperature range of 4–30°C. 2. 2.|Heart rate and ventilatory rate increased with temperature. Both were higher in A. contortrix than heart and ventilatory rates recorded from other viperid snakes at equivalent temperatures. 3. 3.|Temperature had no effect on the heart rate-ventilatory response in copperheads over a temperature range at which these snakes are normally active. 4. 4.|There was a significant difference in heart rate between apnoeic and ventilatory periods at temperatures between 6 and 25°C, but not at 4 or 30°C. 5. 5.|The percentage increase in ventilatory heart rate over apnoeic heart rate was not significantly different between 10 and 25°C ( X = 5.4% ), but there were significant increases at 6 and 8°C.
Magnetic resonance imaging for predicting prostate biopsy findings in patients considered for active surveillance of clinically low risk prostate cancer.

Purpose: A barrier to the acceptance of active surveillance for men with prostate cancer is the risk of underestimating the cancer burden on initial biopsy. We assessed the value of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging in predicting upgrading on confirmatory biopsy in men with low risk prostate cancer.Materials and Methods: A total of 388 consecutive men (mean age 60.6 years, range 33 to 89) with clinically low risk prostate cancer (initial biopsy Gleason score 6 or less, prostate specific antigen less than 10 ng/ml, clinical stage T2a or less) underwent endorectal magnetic resonance imaging before confirmatory biopsy. Three radiologists independently and retrospectively scored tumor visibility on endorectal magnetic resonance imaging using a 5-point scale (1—definitely no tumor to 5—definitely tumor). Inter-reader agreement was assessed with weighted kappa statistics. Associations between magnetic resonance imaging scores and confirmatory biopsy findings were evaluated using measures of diagnostic perfo...
Bat response to shelterwood harvests and forest structure in oak-hickory forests

Abstract Forest management practices, such as shelterwood harvesting, can greatly impact bat habitat relationships. Such practices can alter the amount of structural volume within a forest, which can influence bat foraging patterns. We determined the effects of shelterwood harvests of different retention levels (50% and 70% of full stocking) on bat activity patterns in oak-hickory forests located in southern Ohio. We used the Anabat system to monitor activity during May–September 2006. Our objectives were to quantify the effects of harvesting on structural volume and use the results to explain variations in bat activity. Because harvesting alters vertical structure as well as the total amount of volume within a forest, we also determined the height within the vertical profile where changes in structural volume begin to influence overall and species-specific activity. Overall bat activity did not differ significantly between shelterwood harvest levels, but was significantly different between harvested and control sites, with more passes detected within the harvested sites. Lasiurus borealis (red bat), Eptesicus fuscus (big brown bat), and Lasionycteris noctivagans (silver-haired bat) activity was significantly greater in harvested versus control sites, but did not differ between shelterwood harvest levels. Myotis spp. (Myotis lucifugus (little brown bat) and Myotis septentrionalis (northern Myotis)) and Perimyotis subflavus (tri-colored bat) activity did not vary between shelterwood harvest levels or between harvested and control sites. The greatest reductions in structural volume occurred in the understory to mid-canopy of the shelterwood harvests. Overall activity was most influenced by the amount of volume within 3–6 m above the forest floor, and declined as volume within that height strata increased. Mean bat passes declined by 50% when volume within 3–6 m exceeded 17 m3/ha. Estimated use by L. borealis decreased by 50% at volumes exceeding 1750 m3/ha in the understory to mid-canopy (0–12 m), while E. fuscus and L. noctivagans estimated use was the highest when volumes within 3–6 m were less than 63 m3/ha. Our results suggest that forest management practices that reduce the amount of structural volume in the understory to mid-canopy provide suitable habitat for foraging bats. Quantifying the amount of structural volume at various heights within the vertical profile of the forest can lend valuable insights into overall and species-specific bat activity patterns.
Aortic Valve Replacement: A 9-Year Experience

Abstract Experience with aortic valve replacement over a 9-year period is reviewed. Hospital mortality was 5.0%, with an additional late mortality of 15.0% during a mean follow-up period of 4.3 years. There was a 7.5% mortality among the 93 patients who were operated on using direct coronary perfusion. There were no early deaths among the 48 patients operated on using cold cardioplegic arrest. Paravalvular leaks developed in 20 patients, and 9 had reoperation. There were no early deaths following elective reoperations for prosthetic valve dysfunction, but urgent reoperation was associated with a 40% mortality. Eighty percent of all patients are still alive at a maximum follow-up of 9 years. Eighty-six percent of the survivors who were in New York Heart Association Functional Class III or IV before operation are now in Class I or II. Hypothermic cardioplegic arrest was found to be preferable to coronary perfusion as a method of myocardial protection during aortic valve replacement. Patients with paravalvular leaks who have a history of left ventricular failure prior to aortic valve replacement should be considered candidates for early elective reoperation, owing to the significantly greater mortality associated with urgent reoperation.
Pair bonding and lateral neck-resting preferences in captive Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber).

When flamingos rest, they typically lay their head on their back and curve their neck to either the right or left of their body, with both individual and population-level lateral preferences for rightward neck resting when preferences are tracked over time (Anderson, Williams, & O'Brien, 2009). The present study attempted to replicate these previous neck-resting preferences, to examine how they changed over time, and to examine the possibility of a relationship between lateral neck-resting preference and pair bonding in captive Caribbean flamingos (Phoenicopterus ruber) housed at the Philadelphia Zoo (Philadelphia, PA, USA). Results successfully replicated the individual- and population-level lateral preferences for rightward neck resting, and demonstrated that these preferences were stable over time. Moreover, individual flamingos that demonstrated stronger pair bond strengths tended to differ less from their partners in terms of neck-resting preference than did those birds displaying weaker pair bond st...
Assessing the elimination of 2,3,7,8-TCDD from humans with a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model

Abstract Elimination of 2,3,7 8-TCDD from humans is evaluated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model. Results are in good agreement with 1) background exposures and tissue levels, 2) reported half-lives in Ranch Hand veterans and 3) Poiger's self-exposure experiment.
Regge-Pole Model and Total Cross Sections in the Intermediate Laboratory Momentum Range 2-6 BeV/c

The total cross-section data on ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}p$, ${K}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}n$, $\mathrm{pp}$, $\overline{p}p$, $\mathrm{pn}$ and $\overline{p}n$ for laboratory momenta in the range 3 to 6 BeV/c are shown to be roughly consistent with the extrapolation of an $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ Regge-pole model previously used to describe high-momentum (6-20 BeV/c) total cross-section data. This fact suggests that a large part of strong-interaction dynamics in the intermediate energy range may eventually be understandable in terms of $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ and Regge poles.
Co-activation, cell assemblies and learning

Abstract Donald O. Hebb's Organization of Behavior (1949) 1 set an agenda that continues to guide research in neuroscience. In it, Hebb sought to provide a neuropsychological framework to account for the complex phenomena of perception, ideation, attention, and, in particular, the formation of learned associations. Hebb drew on an extensive body of anatomical, physiological and psychological evidence, much of it generated by his own contributions, to argue that the substrate of associations lay in activity-dependent changes at synapses. He postulated that repeated co-activity of synaptically connected cells leads to a lasting cellular change that strengthens thier connection. This process was envisioned to lead the slow development of diffuse ‘cell assemblies' in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia that encoded associations and were thus able to modify behavior 1 . This provocative hypothesis presented in 1949 continues to stimulate research in 1985: a recent investigation by Carew, Hawkins, Abrams and Kandel 2 examines the role of co-activity of pre-and post-synaptic neurons in classical conditioning in the simple nervous system of the opisthobranch mollusc, Aplysia californica .
The quasi-spin formalism and the dependence of nuclear matrix elements on particle number

Abstract It is shown that the quasi-spin formalism gives, in terms of simple vector-coupling coefficients, the explicit particle-number dependence of all matrix elements that enter a shell-model calculation for the configuration jn of identical nucleons. Reduction formulae are thus obtained which express matrix elements involving states of jn with seniority v in terms of the corresponding matrix elements in the configuration jv. Simple interpretations of various seniority selection rules for the matrix elements of energy and transition operators are given. The reduction formulae are generalized to mixed configurations of identical nucleons. These formal results are of considerable practical importance because seniority is a fairly good quantum number for systems of identical nucleons.
Karl Heinzen and the Intellectual Origins of Modern Terror

Scholars have long recognized the importance of Karl Heinzen's Mord und Freiheit in the history of terrorist thought. Yet the translation most scholars have relied on—1881s Murder and Liberty—is incomplete. Our new translation reveals four elements omitted from the 1881 translation. First, Heinzen conceived of terrorism as a transnational phenomenon. Second, he provided a material justification for terrorist tactics. Third, Heinzen viewed terrorism as both a tool to impel human society to progress and as a “progressive” tool of violence. Finally, he argued in favor of the primary modern tactic of terrorism—the indiscriminate bombing of civilians.
Bovine proacrosin from cauda epididymal sperm: purification, characterization and partial sequencing at N-terminus.

Abstract 1. 1. In the present study, we isolated the two forms of proacrosin from acid extracts (pH 3.0) of cauda epididymal bovine spermatozoa by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-150 and affinity chromatography on Concanavalin A Sepharose 4B. The overall purification was 13-fold with respect to crude acid acrosomal extract. 2. 2. The apparent molecular weight of the proacrosins determined by SDS-PAGE were 44,000 and 38,000. Both forms have proteinase activity on gelatin-SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic zymography. 3. 3. The Mr = 38,000 component was isolated by reverse phase HPLC. Thirty-nine amino acid residues at the N-terminus have about 72 and 77% sequence similarity with boar and human proacrosin, respectively. 4. 4. The amino acid sequence of 14 amino acids at the N-terminus of the high molecular weight component (Mr = 44,000) was determined after electroblotting on a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. This portion of the molecule is identical with that of the low molecular weight component. 5. 5. Proacrosin autoactivation followed the sigmoidal activation curve.
A G PROTEIN INVOLVED IN NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC TRANSPORT : THE ROLE OF RAN

Ran is the only known member of the Ras superfamily of small GTP-binding proteins to be localized primarily inside the nucleus. Recently, Ran was unexpectedly identified as one of the soluble factors required for nuclear import. As this protein has also been implicated in RNA export, nuclear import and export may be more closely related than previously thought, with Ran playing a key role in each.
The relationship between menstrual phase and the P3 component of ERPs.

Event-related potential (ERP) a type of EEG wave measured after visual stimulus is hypothesized to be associated with "context updating." ERP waves were recorded in 30 women who viewed 20 slides of babies men women people or dermatological cases previously determined to evoke neutral erotic pleasant or unpleasant responses and correlated with phases of the menstrual cycle. Menstrual phases were categorized as estrogenic progestogenic or androgenic by Cycle Day according to self report of the date of onset of the following menses. Each woman was fitted with 3 scalp electrodes at Fz Cz and Pz and apparatus for recording and adjusting for artifacts due to eye movements. Each subject viewed 20 slides 8 times each and rated them as erotic/nonerotic pleasant/unpleasant simple/complex low arousal/high arousal. Results were analyzed by principal component analysis and multivariate analysis of variance. The P3 component of the ERP wave varied significantly with menstrual phase: on Cycle Days 16-24 when progesterone levels were presumed high the P3 wave response to babies and male models was largest and subjects rated slides as less erotic and complex. On Cycle Days 9-13 and 22-25 when estrogen levels were presumed high subjects rated all slide categories as more pleasant. The results were interpreted as supporting the adaptive context updating theory of the P3 component of ERPs.
Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans tolerance in selected stocks of Apis mellifera L

L'utilisation de souches d'abeilles resistantes a ete consideree comme pouvant procurer une solution a long terme au probleme pose par l'infestation par Vjacobsoni. En aout 1989 des reines filles de la quatrieme generation de selection d'une souche (ARS-Y-C-1) relativement resistante a ete importee de Yougoslavie aux Etats-Unis. La presente etude a pour but de comparer la resistance ou la tolerance de la souche ARS-Y-C-1 (A m carnica) a trois autres souches: Hastings (A m carnica) du nord du Saskatchewan, hybrides F 1 des souches ARS-Y-C-1 et Hastings et une souche commerciale de Louisiane. Pour chaque souche environ 30 reines ont ete inseminees artificiellement avec du sperme (8 μL/reine) approprie. L'etude porte sur deux series d'experiences faites en Floride. Les trois souches carnioliennes ont presente une plus grande tolerance a V jacobsoni que la souche de Louisiane. Les souches carnioliennes ont survecu plus longtemps avec des taux d'infestation plus eleves a la fois sur les nymphes et sur les abeilles adultes. Une variable a ete creee, l'indice de tolerance, qui a permis de deduire que la souche de Louisiane est plus sensible a l'infestation par Vjacobsoni parce qu'elle meurt plus rapidement que les colonies Hastings, ARS-Y-C-1 et hybrides F 1 , avec des taux d'infestation des cellules de couvain plus bas (fig 11). Cela laisse a penser que la souche de Louisiane a une plus faible capacite a survivre a des niveaux d'infestation moderes. Quelle que soit la souche, Vjacobsoni a un succes reproducteur semblable, base sur le nombre d'acariens par nymphe infestee (1-10), le nombre de fondatrices Varroa par nymphe infestee (1-3), le nombre de descendants par femelle (0-5), le nombre de descendants par nymphe infestee (0-7) et la proportion de nymphes infestees renfermant des fondatrices infertiles (0-47%). Il est necessaire d'etudier plus en detail dans quelle mesure la composition genetique de Vjacobsoni joue un role dans l'intensite des degâts causes par le parasitisme. Il se peut que differentes combinaisons de facteurs, tels que la souche d'abeilles, le genotype de V jacobsoni et l'environnement dans lequel ils interagissent puissent produire differentes conclusions quant a l'avantage commercial des souches d'abeilles. Esperons qu'avec une meilleure comprehension de l'interaction de ces trois conditions il sera possible de developper a l'echelle mondiale des souches reellement resistantes a Vjacobsoni.
The influence of benzo(a)pyrene on the growth of wheat and corn

Abstract Corn seeds responded to soaking in aqueous solutions of benzo(a)pyrene with increased root growth. Growth stimulation decreased from 14% to 0 with increasing concentrations (0.0005–0.02 ppm), and with increasing soaking times (6 and 12 hr). Shoot growth and dry weights of shoots were not affected. Wheat did not respond as distinctly as corn to similar treatments. A decrease in the growth of shoots and roots with increasing BaP concentrations was not statistically significant.
The Laminar Flow Torch for Gas Chromatographic He Microwave Plasma Detection of Pyrethroids and Dioxins

A new laminar flow, microwave-induced plasma torch has been evaluated for its use in gas chromatography. Data were collected through a computer-controlled background-correcting polychromator system. A 0.5-mm-i.d. open quartz tube, the tangential flow torch, and the laminar flow torch were used for discharge containment and were compared. The chromatographic and spectroscopic data were used to determine the partial empirical formulas of pyrethroids and dioxins. The laminar flow torch showed improvements over both the 0.5-mm open tube and the tangential flow torch. The typical errors from the true empirical formulas were less than 4%. Detection limits were between 8 and 60 pg/s for carbon, hydrogen, bromine, chlorine, and fluorine emission signals. The compound detection limits on the carbon channel averaged 0.043 μg/mL for pyrethroids and 0.010 μg/mL for dioxins.
Intestinal apolipoprotein B secretion is inhibited by the flavonoid quercetin: Potential role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein and diacylglycerol acyltransferase

Recent studies have yielded evidence that plant flavonoids reduce hepatic lipid and apolipoprotein B (apoB) secretion. However, the possible role of flavonoids in regulating lipid and apoB secretion by the intestine has not been studied. The purpose of our study was to examine the effects of quercetin, a common dietary flavonoid, on TAG and apoB secretion in a human intestinal cell-line, CaCo-2. Differentiated postconfluent CaCo-2 cells grown on filters and pretreated with quercetin for 8 h were shown by ELISA to inhibit basolateral apoB secretion in a dose-dependent manner. At 15 microM, the secretion of both apoB-100 and apoB-48 were inhibited similarly. This effect was shown to be specific, as quercetin did not affect the incorporation of [35S]methionine/cysteine into secreted TCA-precipitable proteins. To determine the mechanism underlying this inhibitory effect, we examined two regulatory points: TAG availability and lipid transfer to the lipoprotein particle. Quercetin inhibited TAG synthesis under both basal and lipid-rich conditions, indicating that lipid availability is a determining factor in the regulation of apoB secretion by quercetin. The reduction was due at least in part to a decrease in diacylglycerol acyltransferase activity. We next examined lipid transfer or lipidation of the lipoprotein particle by analyzing microsomal TAG transfer protein (MTP) activity. Quercetin decreased MTP activity moderately. In summary, the data demonstrated that pharmacological concentrations of quercetin are a potent inhibitor of intestinal apoB secretion and that reduced lipid availability and lipidation in the lipoprotein assembly step are the mechanism for the suppression of apoB-containing lipoprotein secretion by quercetin in CaCo-2 cells.
A mechanism for spatial brightness contrast enhancement and a basis for the duplicity of vision.

Cones are connected to bipolar cells connected to rods by processes extending laterally from the cone terminals (Sjostrand, 1958). The cone connections have been studied further in the rabbit retina. Structurally these connections are typical synaptic connections. It can be deduced that these connections must affect the onresponses of bipolar cells connected to rods in such a way that spatial brightness contrast is enhanced. The connections raise the threshold for rod vision and slow down the changes in the membrane potential of on-bipolar cells. These effects offer an explanation for the duplicity of vision.
OH initiated oxidation of 1,3-butadiene in the presence of O2 and NO

Abstract The OH radical initiated oxidation of 1,3-butadiene was studied under high NOx conditions by the LP-LIF method. We report a rate constant of (7.0 ± 0.3) × 10 −11 s −1 molecule −1 cm 3 for OH addition to 1,3-butadiene which agrees well with values reported previously. Based on the analysis of OH cycling data combined with results of earlier isomeric selective studies, we have determined a branching ratio for the major hydroxy alkyl channel to be 0.87 ± 0.08. Using this branching ratio, we have predicted the end product distribution for OH radical initiated oxidation of 1,3-butadiene and provide a condensed chemical mechanism. This study synthesizes previous work on OH initiated1,3-butadiene oxidation under high NOx conditions.