cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subjective memory deterioration and future dementia in people aged 65 and older.

Objectives: To study whether subjective memory deterioration is associated with future dementia in older people. Design: A population-based prospective cohort study begun in 1994 with biennial follow-up interviews. Setting: Community-based members of Group Health Cooperative, a large health maintenance organization in the Seattle area. Participants: A sample of 1,883 subjects, dementia free, aged 65 and older, who scored 91 or higher on the 100-point Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI) at study entry. Measurements: Subjective memory was assessed by asking whether memory had changed on 5-point Likert scales (e.g., 1=definitely improved, 3=no change, 5=definitely deteriorated) with regard to five items: remembering names, faces, friends, and appointments and judging the time. The items were summed for a possible total score ranging from 5 to 25. Subjective memory deterioration was defined as present if the total score was 20 or above. Cognitive performance was measured using the CASI. Incident dementia cases were identified using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition criteria. Results: Of 1,883 subjects, 126 developed dementia during 5 years of follow-up. Subjective memory deterioration was associated with cognitive decline and incident dementia. Age modified the association between subjective memory deterioration and future dementia. For persons reporting subjective memory deterioration at the ages of 70, 75, and 80, the hazard ratios of developing dementia were 6.0 (95% confidence interval (CI)=2.1–18), 3.2 (95% CI=1.6–6.2) and 1.6 (95% CI=0.86–3.1), respectively. Conclusion: Subjective memory deterioration was found to precede the development of dementia in older people with normal cognitive screening results. These findings suggest that a high level of subjective memory deterioration in persons with normal objective cognitive function may identify a subset of individuals at greater risk for developing dementia.
The Presentation of Self in a Virtual but Work-related Environment

More and more people take part in virtual environments in which they present a “virtual self”—an online profile that indicates key information about them to other participants and viewers. This research investigates how people present themselves in the virtual yet work-related environments of occupational online forums. To do so, the research analyzes the profiles of more than 300 registered users of an online forum dedicated to issues of interest to bankers. These profiles are interpreted in relation to Goffman’s (1959) seminal ideas of mystification (allowed by the separation between backstage and public action) and presentation of self and of Turkle’s (1995) ideas of multiple, interrelated, online and offline selves. This research builds a grounded categorization of profiles. The four categories of profiles that emerged from the data correspond to clearly distinct ways participants in the online forums present themselves. Over time, two categories have become dominant while another has dwindled. This research holds implications for the understanding of the presentation of self in virtual but work-related environments. It shows how participants in online forums build their virtual self by playing with the mystification inherent of the virtual environment. It also shows an interplay between the virtual and the offline when some participants “de-mystify” their profile. Finally, the increasing prevalence of two categories of profiles suggests that, over time, social norms of presentation of self emerge and condition socially accepted virtual selves in occupational online forums.
A new Stomatorhinus (Osteoglossomorpha: Mormyridae) from the Ivindo River, Gabon, West Central Africa

Stomatorhinus ivindoensis n. sp. is described from the basin of the Ivindo River, a tributary of the Ogooue River, in Gabon, West Central Africa. This species is characterized by its very small size which is not known to exceed 56 mm standard length. It is distinguished from S. fuliginosus from the Congo basin, the only described Stomatorhinus for which all members of the type series are within the size range of S. ivindoensis, by a smaller caudal peduncle depth to length ratio, a narrower head, a greater number of lateral line scales with visible tubes and pores and by rounded caudal fin lobes. It is distinguished from the similar S. polli, also from the Congo basin, by a longer snout, a smaller eye and a greater interorbital width relative to head length. It is distinguished from S. walkeri, the only other species described from the Ogooue River basin, by its smaller size, smaller snout to pectoral fin distance (relative to standard length) and by its reduced numbers of pectoral rays, vertebrae, and lateral line scales with visible tubes and pores. Stomatorhinus ivindoensis is endemic to the Ivindo River basin of Gabon and is allopatrically distributed with respect to S. walkeri which, although found elsewhere in the Ogooue River basin, has never been recorded from the Ivindo River. Stomatorhinus ivindoensis may be the smallest species of mormyrid fish yet described.
Explorers and expanders, both early and late [commercial technology markets]

Explorers and expanders keep the engine of development running. Explorers test a new value proposition or apply a technology in a new way. They learn about, for example, the true scope of business opportunity or what a buyer values in a new design or service. Expanders develop a low-risk value proposition for mainstream customers, those who want reliability, and shied away from most explorers. Although it is possible to explain these roles in abstract terms, the article takes the easier approach and simply illustrates them based on events. Companies considered include: IBM; MCI; PSINet; BBN Technologies; Cisco; Dell; Best Buy; and Circuit City.
Experimental observations of the hydrodynamic behavior of solvent systems in high-speed counter-current chromatography : III. Effects of physical properties of the solvent systems and operating temperature on the distribution of two-phase solvent systems

Abstract Statistical studies were made to correlate the hydrodynamic behavior of two-phase solvent system in counter-current chromatography (CCC) to their physical properties including interfacial tension, viscosity, and the difference in density of the two phases. Settling time measured under unit gravity provided a reliable numerical index for the hydrodynamic behavior of the solvent systems in a centrifugal force field. Viscosity and settling time were strongly correlated (correlation coefficient, r = +0.88) while interfacial tension (r = −0.65) and phasedensity difference (r = −0.45) showed moderate and weak correlation, respectively. Studies of the effect of temperature on settling time as well as a preliminary apparatus operated at higher temperature show that raising the temperature will improve the performance of high-speed CCC.
A local excitation and measurement approach for decentralized damage detection using transmissibility functions

Summary In order to assess structural safety conditions, many vibration-based damage detection methods have been developed in recent years. Among these methods, transmissibility function analysis can offer advantages in easy and low-cost implementation, as well as independency to the magnitude and waveform of an excitation record. Harnessing these features, a decentralized structural damage detection procedure is proposed in this paper. The proposed procedure only requires measurements in one small area at a time, and thus, is ideal for using limited number of sensors upon a large-scale structure. This study also investigates the nature of transmissibility functions for damage detection in an analytical manner, based on a chain-like spring–mass–damper system with multiple degrees-of-freedom. The analytical derivation is validated through numerical simulation and laboratory experiments using mobile sensors. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Positive optical lithography

New techniques for characterizing and modeling the positive photoresist process have led to a quantitative understanding of the optical lithographic process. The model treats nonlinear exposure and development processes and resolved optical interference effects within the resist, permitting a new ability to understand and control lithography, and enabling the replacement of black magic by engineering.
The moduli space of (3,3,3) trilinear forms

LetU, V andW be three dimensional vector spaces over ∉ (or an alebraically closed field with characteristic not equal to 2 or 3). We prove that the moduli space of trilinear forms onU* ⊗V* ⊗W* is isomorphic to ℙ2 by applying Geometric Invariant Theory to the action ofPGL(U)×PGL(V)×PGL(W) on ℙU⊗V⊗W).
Late presentation for HIV care in central Haiti: factors limiting access to care.

Abstract Objective: Many patients with HIV infection present for care late in the course of their disease, a factor which is associated with poor prognosis. Our objective was to identify factors associated with late presentation for HIV care among patients in central Haiti. Methods/Design: Thirty-one HIV-positive adults, approximately 10% of the HIV-infected population followed at a central Haiti hospital, participated in this research study. A two-part research tool that included a structured questionnaire and an ethnographic life history interview was used to collect quantitative as well as qualitative data about demographic factors related to presentation for HIV care. Results: Sixty-five percent of the patients in this study presented late for HIV care, as defined by CD4 cell count below 350 cells/mm3. Factors associated with late presentation included male sex, older age, patient belief that symptoms are not caused by a medical condition, greater distance from the medical clinic, lack of prior access...
The telecommunications content of state public utility commission Web sites: Remaining relevant in a changing marketplace

Abstract The role and continued relevance of state telecommunications regulators have been challenged by the development of competition, the introduction of new technologies, and the increasing dominance of federal authority. An important role that state utility commissions can play in the current telecommunications environment is to provide consumer education and information about consumer protection, competition, and universal service. Commissions can use their Web sites as effective tools in educating and informing consumers. This study analyzes the consumer-related telecommunications information included on the Web sites of the commissions in the 50 states and the District of Columbia to determine whether, and how well, state commissions are using their Web sites to educate and inform.
Characterization of Recycled Aged RAP Binders Containing Crumb Rubber Modifier Using Gel Permeation Chromatography

The recycling of hot-mix asphalt pavements containing a crumb rubber modifier (CRM) has been an area of interest since CRM was first used in asphalt paving materials over 40 years ago. Studies on the recycling of rubberized asphalt concrete materials have focused mainly on the mixture properties at the location of in-field paving. However, for the long-term performance characterizations, there is a need to investigate the aging properties of rubberized binders and the subsequent recycling properties of these aged rubberized binders. To address this issue, the previous research was conducted to identify performance properties of recycled aged CRM binders using Superpave binder test methods. The research results indicated that the recycled aged CRM binders can result in satisfactory binder performance meeting current Superpave binder requirements. This paper presents a limited study that uses gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to characterize the aging process of recycled aged CRM binders as a function of ...
Financing Venezuela's Development

THERE ARE TWO DISTINCT WAYS in which foreign capital can prove beneficial to underdeveloped areas. In most cases foreign capital is used directly to increase the efficiency of workers producing consumer or producer goods to be utilized internally. For some countries, however, internal development is better financed indirectly by foreign capital; that is, through taxes levied against foreign-owned firms which export the natural resources of the underdeveloped areas. For this to be of great importance demands that the underdeveloped country have reserves of one or more resources in sufficient quantity to attract foreign private capital. Also, investors must be assured the opportunity to profit on a long-term basis. Needless to point out, many areas of the world which could gain from foreign capital in the first-mentioned role do not have raw materials that can be exploited profitably at the present state of technology and world demand. To these areas the latter avenue for financing internal welfare programs or advancing home industry is closed. In those with sufficient exportable materials there exist opportunities for foreign capital to cooperate with the local governments to improve the economic status of the people, while at the same time furnishing private enterprise with adequate profits. This means of development is being carried forward in Venezuela. That country, which has long had poor living conditions, sub-standard health facilities and a high illiteracy rate, is making considerable social progress from the funds obtained from the export of its oil and iron reserves. Venezuela is demonstrating that it is possible to provide attractive opportunities for foreign private funds and at the same tirme use its share of the wealth produced by foreign-owned enterprise to improve the conditions of the people. The purpose of this paper is to point out the trends in public revenues in Venezuela resulting from the exploitation of its resources, and the trends which this has fostered in public expenditures. At present it is appropriate to stress the importance of the petroleum industry, but it must at the same time be recognized that the future development of iron may make that export of comparable or greater significance. No doubt the lessons learned from the oil experience
Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Determination of Carbon, Total Nitrogen, and Ammonium-N in Dairy Manures

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to determine nutrient concentrations in dairy manures. We assayed diverse dairy manures (n=107) collected from dairy farms in the northeastern United States (CT, MD, NY, PA, and VA) by conventional means and NIRS for total C, total N, NH 3 -N, moisture, P, K, and pH. Samples were scanned from 400 to 2498nm in polyethylene bags on a FOSS-NIR-Systems Model 6500 scanning monochromator equipped with a sample transport device. We developed calibrations using a one-out cross validation procedure under partial least-squares regression. Preliminary results showed that eight samples were outliers either because of inaccurate conventional analysis or because they were uncharacteristic (i.e., two samples had moisture content below 72%, while all others were above 78%). These outliers were removed from further consideration. Final calibration results with the remaining 99 samples demonstrated that NIRS can accurately determine the moisture (r 2 =0.945, root mean squared deviation or RMSD=1.0%), total C (r 2 =0.950, RMSD=0.40%), total N (r 2 =0.956, RMSD=0.030%), and NH 3 -N (r 2 =0.967, RMSD=0.013%) concentrations, but not P or K concentrations in dairy manures. In conclusion, NIRS was shown to be a viable alternative to conventional analysis procedures for determining moisture, total C, total N, and NH 3 -N in a very diverse set of dairy manures.
Thermodynamics of transition metal-hydrogen solid solutions

The temperature variation of the solubility of hydrogen in chromium and tungsten in equilibrium with H2 gas has been measured. The measured solubility data yield accurate values of the partial molar enthalpy and excess entropy of a dissolved hydrogen atom. The thermodynamic functions found for Cr-H and W-H solid solutions have been compared to those for other transition metal solid solutions containing hydrogen. The relation between the partial enthalpy of solution and the screened proton model of H-metal solid solutions is discussed.
Mechanism of Chorismate Mutase: Contribution of Conformational Restriction to Catalysis in the Claisen Rearrangement

The mechanism of the enzyme- and antibody-catalyzed Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate was investigated experimentally on model compounds and by using quantum chemistry calculations ...
SU(6) AND THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FORM FACTORS

Abstract : A nonstatic problem is discussed in which the possibility of an SU(6) symmetry arises in a natural way. It is shown that if an SU(6) invariance actually holds, then the magnetic moment ratio generalizes to the form-factor ratio = -2/3.
Magneto-capacitance-voltage measurements of electrons in wide parabolic quantum wells

Abstract We report here on the properties of quasi 3-dimensional electron gases (3DEGs) probed via magneto-capacitance-voltage (MCV) measurements. The 3DEGs are realized in wide parabolic quantum wells grown by molecular beam epitaxy of precisely graded AlxGa1−xAs, into which electrons are introduced by modulation doping. This technique results in a good approximation of a high-quality uniform 3-dimensional electron gas or jellium. Predictions of electrical and optical properties for jellium can therefore be tested. The system furthermore has implications for the case of quantum wires and boxes where the electron-confining potential, in most cases, is approximately parabolic. A number of these 3DEGs with 3D densities ranging from ≈4×1015 cm−3 to ≈ 8×1016 cm−3 have been grown and studied. The measurements have been done at T = 4.2 K, and in perpendicular and parallel magnetic fields up to 8T. With a front gate electrode on the top surface of the sample we are abletto deplete the electrons in the parabolic well by squeezing the width of the 3DEG while retaining a constant 3D density. We also simultaneously depopulate the electrical subbands in this multi-subband system. In contrast to a 2DEG at a single interface we observe a monotonic decrease in the measured capacitance with increasing negative bias at all magnetic fields, and for all samples. A self-consistent solution of the Poisson-Schrodinger equation for our system explains this decreasing capacitance very well, but not the weak oscillations that appear at the points of subband depopulation. The MCV trace for electrons in a very narrow (≈ 750A-wide) parabolic quantum well shows pronounced minima corresponding to different subband filling factors at different magnetic fields with one high filling factor appearing earlier than filling factors 2 and 4. Multiple-subband occupancy causes the Shubnikov-de-Haas oscillations in the longitudinal resistance to exhibit non-periodic structure due to a beating in the density of states at the Fermi energy. The measured mobility vs sheet density behaves differently than for a 2DEG.
Wage-employment determination and a union tax on capital: Can theory and evidence be reconciled?

If unions appropriate quasi-rents from relation-specific capital, observed factor prices no longer reflect effective costs. Unionism has effects akin to a partial factor tax on capital. Demand curve settlements need not imply higher K/L among union firms.
Voyagers of Discovery

City lights reflected by gas and dust in Earth's atmosphere create a bright sky foreground that prevents us from seeing all but the very brightest stars at night. An analogous effect occurs when astronomers try to observe emission from our galaxy, the Milky Way, in the brightest spectral line emitted by the most abundant element, the Lyman-alpha (Lyα) line of atomic hydrogen. This ultraviolet emission line at 121.6 nm is a key diagnostic of the young star-formation rate in the Milky Way, the ionization environment in which the atmospheres of young planets evolve, and the amount of shocked gas in the interstellar medium. However, this critically important emission line in our galaxy has never been observed. On page 1665 of this week's issue, Lallement et al. ( 1 ) report observations of the galactic Lyα emission by the Voyager spacecraft that have traveled to distant regions of the solar system where the solar wind meets the interstellar medium.
Ultracentrifugal compression of gels.

It has been observed that the amount of water associated with casein micelles is markedly higher when measured by intrinsic viscosity than by water content of the pelleted casein. A possible explanation of this discrepancy is that water is squeezed out of the pellet by the ultracentrifugal field. We have calculated the potential magnitude of this effect by considering a simple model system: an elastic gel swollen by solvent and compressed by the centrifugal field. Equilibrium is reached when the sum of the ultracentrifugal, elastic, and mixing free energies is a minimum. The equilibrium degree of swelling is calculated as a function of rotor speed, thickness of the unsolvated gel material, and enthalpy of mixing of solvent and solute. Sizable compressions can occur for highly swollen gels, if the enthalpy of mixing is moderately positive. Casein micelles from intrinsic viscosity measurements have a “hydration” of about 3.7 g water/g protein, corresponding to a swelling ratio of 6.3 relative to the dry protein. The observed pellet hydration is 1.9 g/g. Under the conditions of the experiment, pelleting at 25,000 rpm is predicted to decrease the swelling ratio to 4.9, and the hydration to 2.7 g/g, about half the observed decrease, if the enthalpy of mixing is 0.5 RT/mol segment. These calculations may be relevent to the deterination by pelleting of the solvent content of other biopolymer gels.
Glucose transporter GLUT8 translocation in neurons is not insulin responsive

We examined the subcellular distribution of a novel glucose transporter isoform (GLUT8) in murine N2A neuroblastoma cells. Exogenous expression of GLUT8-green fluorescent protein (GFP) DNA constructs mimicked the endogenous GLUT8 localization to intracellular vesicles and minimally to the Giantin-positive Golgi. This distribution was unlike the distributions of endogenous GLUT1 and GLUT3 (predominant neuronal isoform), which were limited predominantly to the plasma membrane and minimal in the cytoplasm. Although GLUT4-GFP (insulin responsive isoform) was expressed transiently, no endogenous GLUT4 was detected in N2A cells. By employing stable transfectants that expressed GLUT8-GFP, the effect of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I, potassium chloride (depolarized state), and 3% oxygen on translocation of GLUT8 to the plasma membrane of N2A cells was examined immunohistochemically and by subfractionation, followed by Western blot analysis. None of these agents translocated GLUT8 to the plasma membrane. However, when the internalization dileucine motif (L12,13) of GLUT8 was mutated to a dialanine motif (A12,13), GLUT8 colocalized with GLUT3 in the plasma membrane. We conclude that GLUT8 translocation to the N2A cellular plasma membrane is not observed secondary to the various stimuli investigated. Mutation of the N-terminal dileucine motif led to constitutive GLUT8 localization in the plasma membrane. The endogenous stimulus required for translocating neuronal GLUT8 is unknown. This stimulus, which is necessary for uncoupling the “cytoplasmic vesicular anchor” of GLUT8, would be crucial for its glucose-transporting function. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Root hydraulic conductivity of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal green ash seedlings

SUMMARY Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.) was either inoculated or not with Glomus etunicatum Becker and Gerd. and grown for 37 d to permit root colonization. Root hydraulic conductivity (Lpp) per unit length was measured on excised root systems to examine the influence of vesicular arbuscular (VA) mycorrhiza inoculation, seedling size, phosphorus (P) nutrition, and biomass distribution. Fertilization with P eliminated significant differences in seedling size and dry matter distribution between mycorrhizal (M) and non-mycorrhizal (NM) seedlings, but VA mycorrhizas increased root and leaf P concentration. Root Lp was similar in M and NM seedlings of similar size, and was lower in M seedlings for a given root P concentration. Root Lp decreased with age and weight, and increased as the proportion of dry weight in the leaves increased in both M and NM seedlings. Mycorrhizal colonization had no significant effect on root Lp in the absence of a significant growth response.
On calculational proofs

Abstract This note is about the “calculational style” of presenting proofs introduced by Dijkstra and Scholten and adopted in some books on theoretical computer science. We define the concept of a calculation, which is a formal counterpart of the idea of a calculational proof. The definition is in terms of a new formalization DS of predicate logic. Any proof tree in the system DS can be represented as a sequence of calculations. This fact shows that any logically valid predicate formula has a calculational proof.
Bursting electrical activity in pancreatic beta cells caused by Ca(2+)- and voltage-inactivated Ca2+ channels.

Abstract We investigate the hypothesis that two classes of Ca2+ currents, one quickly inactivated by Ca2+ and one slowly inactivated by voltage, contribute to bursting electrical activity in pancreatic islets. A mathematical model of these currents is fit to the experimental whole-cell current-voltage and inactivation profiles, thereby fixing the Ca2+ conductance and all activation and inactivation parameters. Incorporating these currents into a model that includes delayed rectifier K+ channels and ATP-sensitive K+ channels, we show that only abnormal bursting is obtained. Modification of activation parameters to increase Ca2+ channel open times, as suggested by experiment, yields a more robust bursting similar to that observed in intact islets. This reinforces the suggestion that in addition to ATP-sensitive K+ channels, Ca2+ channels may serve as glucose sensors in the beta cell.
THE SPIN POLARIZED BAND STRUCTURE OF STRAINED THIN FILMS OF GADOLINIUM

The magnetic properties of strained thin films of gadolinium are characterized by a wave vector and thickness dependence of the exchange splitting. The spin-resolved band structure has been mapped by spin polarized photoemission, and provides considerable insight into the relationship between magnetism of local moment systems, and band structure.
Detection of Salient Image Points Using Principal Subspace Manifold Structure

This paper presents a method to find salient image points in images with regular patterns based on deviations from the overall manifold structure. The two main contributions are that: (i) the features to extract salient point are derived directly and in an unsupervised manner from image neighborhoods, and (ii) the manifold structure is utilized, thus avoiding the assumption that data lies in clusters and the need to do density estimation. We illustrate the concept for the detection of fingerprint minutiae, fabric defects, and interesting regions of seismic data.
Single-case designs in the modification of smoking.

Abstract Single-case research designs are presented as a needed alternative to the frequently used group designs in the study of smoking behavior. Withdrawal, Reversal, Interactional, Multiple Schedule, and Multiple Baseline designs are described, illustrated, and evaluated. The advantages of single-case methodology and its place in an overall research strategy for smoking are discussed.
Poly(A) sites of adenovirus serotype 2 transcription units.

Abstract During productive infection of human cells, adenovirus serotype 2 transcription proceeds through early and late stages of transcription, which are separated by the onset of DNA replication. In this paper we analyze the 3′-terminal sequences of messenger RNAs from five early transcription units, and messenger RNA from the L2, L3 and L4 families of the major late transcription unit. By correlating RNAase T1 oligonucleotides near poly(A) with the DNA sequence of Ad-2 ∥ we have defined the poly(A) acceptor sequences of these messengers. Our principal conclusions are as follows. 1. (1)The A-A-U-A-A-A hexanucleotide homology common to many cellular mRNA 3′ ends is present near poly(A) of all but one of the mRNAs studied. Notably, it is present within the major late transcription unit at the L2, L3 and L4 coterminal family poly(A) sites, and potentially at all five poly(A) sites of the late transcription unit. Because the latter mRNA 3′ ends are formed by cleavage, the hexanucleotide probably does not specify a RNA polymerase II termination site. 2. (2) An early region III poly(A) site apparently lacks the A-A-U-A-A-A homology and may be an exception to the above generalizations. 3. (3) Region EIb and protein IX mRNA share a common poly(A) site, although their precursors are initiated at separate promoters. Also, the same poly(A) sites at the left end function during the early and late stages of infection. Thus, these poly(A) sites are not regulated in a stage-specific manner, and may function for precursors initiated at more than one promoter. 4. (4) Residues near poly(A) of mRNA belonging to the 3′ coterminal families of the late transcription unit form ribonuclease-resistant hybrids to Ad-2 DNA which encode mRNA main body sequences. Thus late mRNA 3′ ends are locally encoded. We present a model for sequence recognition during formation of 3′ ends, and discuss autonomy of poly(A) site function.
Acute oral ulcerations

A 50-year-old woman was referred to the Center for Oral Disease at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, for evaluation and treatment of painful oral ulcerations. Four days before, she had become aware of discomfort while eating, with salad dressing especially causing her mouth to burn. The following day, she broke out in ulcerations (Figures 1 and 2) and developed what she reported as the worst pain that she had ever experienced. She sought treatment in her local emergency department over the weekend, received a prescription for an acetaminophen and oxycodone solution and a so-called “magic mouthwash” (bismuth salicylate, lidocaine and diphenhyAcute oral ulcerations
Intimacy Gone Awry: Copyright and Special Collections

ABSTRACT Copyright and special collections share an intimate relationship gone awry. This article explores copyright principles, their underpinnings and origins in the United States, and contemporary applications of them. The contemporary limits impose unreasonable barriers to the widespread sharing of special collections and reflect unnecessarily broad protections of and limits on an enormous range of creative works regardless of the social consequences of that protection or any demonstrable inherent or remaining economic value in those works. Copyright interpretation requires highly fact specific analysis. For many special collections, much of that factual predicate has simply drifted from the historical record.
Fungi isolated from honey bees, Apis mellifera, fed 2,4-D and Antibiotics.

Abstract Yeasts belonging to seven species were isolated and identified from the intestines of 388 adult worker honey bees, Apis mellifera. Torulopsis magnoliae, Candida parapsilosis, and Torulopsis grabrata were found in bee guts most frequently. The intestines of bees from colonies fed a combination of Terramycin and Fumidil B contained few or no yeasts. More guts of bees from colonies fed 2,4-D contained yeasts than those examined from bees from control colonies.
Application of immunology to the analysis and toxicity assessment of mycotoxins

Mycotoxins are fungal secondary metabolites that sometimes contaminate agrifoods such as corn, wheat and peanuts prior to harvest and during storage. Because of their capacity to affect human and a...
Plasminogen activator production by parietal endoderm cells: Stimulation by a protein from pituitary

Abstract It has been shown previously that dibutyryl cyclic AMP increases the production of plasminogen activator in mouse parietal endoderm cells. This fact suggested that the production of plasminogen activator by parietal endoderm cells may be under the control of a hormone acting via adenylate cyclase. We have cultured rat parietal endoderm cells in the absence of serum and show that they respond to dibutyryl cyclic AMP with an increase in plasminogen activator production and a change in morphology. We describe the existence of a compound from pituitary which is capable of stimulating plasminogen activator secretion in these cells. Relatively impure preparations of ovine and bovine TSH contain significant amounts of activity, whereas more highly purified preparations of TSH, and all other pituitary hormones tested, are inactive, indicating that the factor is not a known pituitary hormone. The active compound was characterized using ovine and bovine TSH as a source, and it is macromolecular and proteinaceous, and depends on protein synthesis for its effect. The stimulation is enhanced by methylisobutylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, suggesting that the event is mediated by cyclic AMP. This observation leads to the prediction that the coaddition of dibutyryl cAMP and the active compound at nonsaturating concentrations should be additive. Instead, the stimulation is synergistic, and depends on the addition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP first when the compounds are added sequentially. Finally, we show that mouse teratocarcinoma cells chemically induced to differentiate to a cell type indistinguishable from parietal endoderm respond to a source of the compound by increasing plasminogen activator production.
The Nutrient Composition of Fresh Fiddlehead Greens

Fiddlehead greens of the ostrich fern, Matteuccia struthiopteris, var. Penn., from two separate locations were analyzed for their nutrlent composition. Greens contained (in %) 87 water, 1.12 fiber, 4.23 crude protein, 4.02 ash, 3.06 carbohydrate and 0.5 fat. The fatty acid composition consisted mostly of palmitate, linoleate and linolenate. Unsaturated fatty acids account for approximately 65% of the fatty acids associated with fiddlehead lipids. Niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin C, and vitamin A were present at concentration ranges (based on wet weight) of 4.07–5.57, 0.15–0.24, 0.018–0.024, 19.00–32.69 mg/lOOg greens and 2175-2709 I.U./lOOg, respectively. Spectrochemical analysis identified 17 minerals with potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium being the most prominent. The low sodium content (0.5 mg/lOOg greens) should be noted. The high potassium to sodium ratio could make fiddlehead greens an integral part of the diet of persons requiring low intakes of sodium.
Sequential regularity in smooth production economies

Abstract In general equilibrium models where agents trade sequentially in multiple periods, the equilibria that endogenously occur in later periods can be robustly indeterminate if production sets are not everywhere differentiable (as. for example, with linear activities). The present paper proves that if technology is smooth, then equilibria are sequentially regular. That is. the equilibria of the endogenously generated economies occurring in later periods that confirm the unanimous expectations formed by agents in earlier periods are regular (and thus, for example, isolated from other equilibria). The paper also proves and utilizes the standard result that the overall intertemporal equilibria are regular.
Welfare as Maternity Leave? Exemptions from Welfare Work Requirements and Maternal Employment.

In some states, the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program offers the equivalent of paid maternity leave without job protection to low-income, single mothers of infants. Age-of-youngest-child (AYC) exemptions waive work requirements for TANF recipients after the birth of a child, generally for 3–12 months, depending on the state. This study uses data from the Current Population Survey (1998–2008) to examine whether the availability and length of AYC exemptions are predictive of rates of employment, work, and full-time work among low-educated single mothers with infants. The analysis uses the difference-in-differences (DD) technique, a comparison of outcomes under different policy treatments and between treatment and comparison groups. The results suggest that AYC exemptions are not related to employment or work rates but that living in a state with no AYC exemption is strongly and positively associated with rates of full-time work among low-educated mothers with infants.
Silver(I) Scorpionate Mediated Insertion of Carbenes into Aliphatic C−H Bonds

Silver(I) adducts featuring highly fluorinated tris(pyrazolyl)borate, [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]-, catalyze the carbene insertion into carbon−hydrogen bonds of cyclic and acyclic hydrocarbons at room temperature. These silver complexes are more effective than related copper catalysts such as [HB(3,5-(CF3)2Pz)3]Cu(THF) for hydrocarbon activation via this route.
Pretransplantation Fluorine-18-Deoxyglucose–Positron Emission Tomography Scan Lacks Prognostic Value in Chemosensitive B Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients Undergoing Nonmyeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation

Whether chemosensitivity, as determined by positron emission tomography using fluorine-18-deoxyglucose (FDG-PET), is a requirement for successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT) has yet to be established. We analyzed 88 patients with B cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL) for event-free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) according to computed tomography (CT) and FDG-PET criteria before uniform nonmyeloablative (NMA) allo-SCT. Patients who were chemosensitive, according to CT criteria, experienced significantly greater EFS (P < .001) and OS (P < .03) compared with those who were chemorefractory at the time of allo-SCT. Of 58 patients within this cohort who were chemosensitive by CT criteria, there was no difference in EFS (P = .85) or OS (P = .96) between FDG-PET-positive (Deauville 4 to 5, n = 24) and FDG-PET-negative (Deauville 1 to 3, n = 34) patients. There was no difference in survival according to age < or ≥ 60 years, prior autologous-stem cell transplantation, allograft characteristics, or histology. FDG-PET adds no prognostic value in chemosensitive B-NHL before NMA-allo-SCT.
Chemotherapeutic Effects on Hematopoiesis: A Mathematical Model

Blood cell production is one of the major limiting effects of cell-cycle-specific chemotherapy. By studying the effects of the drugs on a mathematical model of hematopoiesis, a better understanding of how to prevent over-reduction of circulating blood cells may be investigated. In this model we will use a delay-differential equation developed by Mackey and Glass (1977) to show acceptable chemotherapeutic doses (i.e. survival of the circulating blood cells) as a function of: the period which the drugs are administered: the strength of the dose; and the delay from initiation of blood cell production to its release into the blood stream. We then make qualitative comparisons to known effects of cell-cyclespecific chemotherapy on circulating blood cell elements. Finally, we also consider how the effects of hematopoietic growth factors alter the outcome of the therapy.
Habit reversal with muscle tics: Replication and component analysis

Habit reversal, a multicomponent treatment package, was compared with a simplified package consisting of just two components, awareness and competing response training, in the treatment of muscle tics. Nine subjects with various muscle tics were divided into two treatment groups. Awareness and competing response training was introduced for five subjects in a multiple baseline across subjects design. Using a similar design, four subjects were exposed to the entire habit reversal package. Objective measures of tics were attained by videotaping subjects under clinic conditions designed to evoke their respective tic. The results indicated that the awareness and competing response training was as effective in decreasing tic frequency as the whole habit reversal program. One subject with severe torticollis failed to benefit from the habit reversal. All other subjects in both groups showed marked improvement which was maintained at brief follow-up.
Heat-Transfer Model for Toroidal Transformers

Toroidal transformers provide increased design flexibility, efficiency, and compact design when compared to traditional shell- or core-type transformers. In this paper, the steady-state thermal analysis for toroidal transformers is conducted using a lumped parameter model which can be applied to small power and distribution-grade toroidal transformers as well. Two cases are considered: 1) when the transformer is kept in open air and 2) when it is installed in sealed enclosures. The detailed model includes the effects of the number of turns of windings, number of layers, insulation properties, and geometric properties of the transformer. The model is capable of finding the hotspots that are of paramount importance for the designer. The model parameters are calculated from the design (geometrical) information; therefore, it is suitable to be included in the design loop of transformer design software. The results are compared with finite-element simulations and lab tests on prototypes of various power ratings fitted with thermocouples to record internal temperatures. The model can also be used with varied external media and encapsulation, such as air, oil, and epoxy.
Subsonic magnetosheath observations from Explorer 33

Data are presented from one orbit of Explorer 33 which entered the magnetosphere near the stagnation point. Magnetic activity as measured at the earth was relatively quiet during the orbit, although minor substorm activity began 2 hours prior to the boundary crossing. Well before entry, the magnetosheath observations show flow patterns consistent with hydrodynamic models. Near the stagnation point close to the boundary the observations show rapid variations between virtually isotropic flux (stagnated flow) and flows tangent to the boundary in alternately opposite directions. Movement of the stagnation point of the order of 1 earth radius is inferred from these observations. Multiple boundary crossings are observed in the magnetic field covering a thickness of about 500 km. Prior to the magnetic crossings, the higher-energy proton fluxes begin to disappear. The bulk of the protron flux in the lower energy ranges and also the electron flux decrease rapidly at the last magnetic crossing. No boundary is apparent in the highest energy range measured by the detector.
3796 A controlled study of the effect of midazolam on the hypertensive sphincter of oddi.

Midazolam HCl (Versed) is increasingly used for conscious sedation in endoscopic sphincter of Oddi (SO) manometry. The effect of medications on normal and abnormal SO motility should be fully characterized if they are to be used during SO manometry (SOM). Controversy exists as to whether midazolam influences SO motility. Aim: To determine the effect of midazolam on the hypertensive SO. Methods: Thirty-six patients presenting with recurrent abdominal pain and sphincter Oddi dysfunction (basal pressure >40 mm Hg) were studied. ERCP and SOM were performed in standard fashion with a perfused triple lumen catheter. The test group (n=18) received 2 mg midazolam IV while the control group (n=18) received IV saline. Basal, phasic and duct pressures as well as phasic amplitude and frequency were recorded before and three minutes after the IV infusion. Changes in these parameters before and after IV infusions were compared. Results: See table below. Midazolam caused a significant reduction in basal and peak SO pressure as compared to saline (16 and 27 mm Hg respectively). Diagnostic concordance (abnormal vs. normal) of the basal sphincter pressure before and after midazolam was seen in only 83% of patients. Conclusions: Midazolam significantly decreased basal and peak pressures of the hypertensive SO. This effect was clinically significant in that it would have altered diagnosis and management in 3 of 18 patients.We propose that midazolam not be used when sedating patients for sphincter of Oddi manometry.
A brief overview of theories of PVC plasticization and methods used to evaluate PVC‐plasticizer interaction

This paper reviews the most widely used models for explaining how plasticizers render PVC flexible. These models include the gel, lubricity, and free volume theories; kinetic theories; and mathematical models which predict on the basis of plasticizer structure how much a plasticizer will lower the polymer glass transition in a flexible PVC compound. Since plasticization results from interactions between plasticizer and polymer, methods which have been used to study either the strength or the permanence (or both) of those interactions are also briefly discussed. Tools which have often been used to study plasticizer-PVC interactions include infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, compression and humid-aging tests, dynamic mechanical analysis, torque rheometer tests, plasticizer-resin clear point temperature measurements, plastisol gelation/fusion by hot stage measurements, and others. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Direct Radiation Damage Is Confined to a Single Polypeptide in Rabbit Immunoglobulin G

Frozen rabbit immunoglobulin G was exposed to high-energy electrons. The surviving polypeptide subunits were determined and analyzed by radiation target analysis. Each subunit was independently damaged by radiation whether or not they were bound by disulfide bridges to other subunits, demonstrating that in IgG radiation-deposited energy did not travel across disulfide bonds.
Tremorgenic Toxin from Penicillium cyclopium grown on Food Materials

DRUGS and other compounds capable of causing sustained trembling are rare; in a survey of ten thousand compounds Everett et al. found less than ten with this property1. One of the best known is tremorine (1,4-dipyrrolidine-2-butyne) which is converted into a more active compound, oxotremorine2, by body tissues. Various synthetic amino alcohols also stimulate prolonged tremors, but their mechanism of action differs from that of tremorine and other more familiar compounds3.
Short-Range Forecasting of U.S. Imports

THE MAINTENANCE of a satisfactory dollar balance in world trade depends to an important extent on a continued high level of U.S. imports. Therefore, fluctuations in U.S. imports are viewed with the greatest interest all over the world. In planning economic policy, on both the national and the international level, it would clearly be of value if the magnitude of U.S. imports could be known with reasonable accuracy a certain time in advance.
Impaired emotional clarity and psychopathology: A transdiagnostic deficit with symptom-specific pathways through emotion regulation.

Deficits in emotional clarity, or difficulties identifying which emotions one feels, are increasingly associated with multiple forms of psychopathology. We addressed two fundamental, unresolved issues regarding the transdiagnostic nature of this dysfunction. First, we examined the relationship of deficits in emotional clarity to seven symptom types, accounting for possible confounding effects of overlapping symptoms. We found that deficits in emotional clarity were associated with symptoms of depression, social anxiety, borderline personality, binge eating, and alcohol use, but not anxious arousal or restrictive eating. Second, we tested whether deficits in emotional clarity would relate to psychopathology by way of impaired emotion regulation. Notably, the relationship between deficits in emotional clarity and each symptom type was mediated by a distinct, disorderspecific pattern of emotion regulation deficits. Findings suggest that deficits in emotional clarity can be conceptualized as a transdiagnostic...