cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amazonian Caboclo Society: An Essay on Invisibility and Peasant Economy

Amazonian Caboclo Society: An Essay on Invisibility and Peasant Economy. Stephen Nugent. Providence, Rl, and Oxford: Berg, 1993. xxiii. 277 pp., bibliography, maps, index.
Effects of a Brief Physical Activity Program on Young Students’ Physical Fitness

Background. Our objective was to test whether brief daily activity could increase young students’ physical fitness and compare different forms of intervention delivery. Methods. Two intervention groups were instructed to increase children’s activity by 6 minutes daily. The principal was responsible for the intervention in the first group while classroom teachers were responsible in the second. The third group was a control. Success was defined by changes in student fitness. Results. The principal-led group had a significant increase in the number of 75-foot laps completed after intervention (+0.61 laps) and a significant decrease in after-exercise heart rate (−37.4 beats per minute) as compared with the control group. The teacher-led group experienced no change in either outcome. Conclusions. Our findings demonstrate that a 6-minute increase in activity can produce a significant improvement in student fitness. Administrative support of school-based interventions can have a positive impact on program compl...
Quasielastic Light Scattering and Electrophoretic Light Scattering Studies on Mononucleosomes and Polynucleosomes

Chromatin is a nucleohistone complex which exhibits a repeat unit structure. The repeat unit, or nucleosome, is composed of approximately 200 base pairs of DNA wrapped about the surface of an octameric histone core, the latter containing two copies each of the histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. Approximately 145 base pairs of DNA that are in intimate contact with the histone core are resistant to nuclease digestion. This region of the nucleosome is called the “core particle”. The remaining DNA which is nuclease accessible is referred to as “linker DNA”.
Chronically Stressed Female Rats Show Increased Anxiety But No Behavioral Alterations in Object Recognition or Placement Memory: A Preliminary Examination

Stress, depending on intensity and duration, elicits adaptive or maladaptive physiological effects. Increasing evidence shows those patterns of advantageous versus deleterious physiologic stress effects also exist for some brain functions, including learning and memory. For example, short stress enhances, while chronic stress impairs, performance on numerous cognitive tasks in male rats. In contrast, performance of female rats is enhanced, or not altered, following both short-term and long-term stress exposure on the same behavioral tasks. The current study was designed to better characterize the behavioral effects of sustained chronic restraint stress in female rats. Female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to a stress (restraint, 6 h/day, 35 days) or control (no stress) condition, weighed weekly, and then tested on open field (OF), object recognition (OR) and object placement (OP) tasks. Stressed females gained less weight during stress than controls. On the OF, there were no group differences in locomotor activity, but stressed females made fewer inner visits than controls, indicating increased anxiety. Both groups successfully performed the OP and OR tasks across all inter-trial delays, indicating intact non-spatial and spatial memory in both control and stress females. The current results provide preliminary evidence that the commonly used chronic restraint stress model may not be an efficient stressor to female rats.
Avian response to fire in pine–oak forests of Great Smoky Mountains National Park following decades of fire suppression

ABSTRACT Fire suppression in southern Appalachian pine–oak forests during the past century dramatically altered the bird community. Fire return intervals decreased, resulting in local extirpation or population declines of many bird species adapted to post-fire plant communities. Within Great Smoky Mountains National Park, declines have been strongest for birds inhabiting xeric pine–oak forests that depend on frequent fire. The buildup of fuels after decades of fire suppression led to changes in the 1996 Great Smoky Mountains Fire Management Plan. Although fire return intervals remain well below historic levels, management changes have helped increase the amount of fire within the park over the past 20 years, providing an opportunity to study patterns of fire severity, time since burn, and bird occurrence. We combined avian point counts in burned and unburned areas with remote sensing indices of fire severity to infer temporal changes in bird occurrence for up to 28 years following fire. Using hierarchical...
Injury-Initiated Clot Formation Under Flow: A Mathematical Model with Warfarin Treatment

The formation of a thrombus (commonly referred to as a blood clot) can potentially pose a severe health risk to an individual, particularly when a thrombus is large enough to impede blood flow. If an individual is considered to be at risk for forming a thrombus, he/she may be prophylactically treated with anticoagulant medication such as warfarin. When an individual is treated with warfarin, a blood test that measures clotting times must be performed. The test yields a number known as the International Normalized Ratio (INR). The INR test must be performed on an individual on a regular basis (e.g., monthly) to ensure that warfarin’s anticoagulation action is targeted appropriately. In this work, we explore the conditions under which an injury-induced thrombus may form in vivo even when the in vitro test shows the appropriate level of anticoagulation action by warfarin. We extend previous models to describe the in vitro clotting time test, as well as thrombus formation in vivo with warfarin treatments. We present numerical simulations that compare scenarios in which warfarin doses and flow rates are modified within biological ranges. Our results indicate that traditional INR measurements may not accurately reflect in vivo clotting times.
Cross-National Dimensions of Ethnocentrism

The effects of ethnocentric attitudes had plagued man's relations to his fellows long before Summer gave an academic explication of the phenomenon in 1906.1 The apparent universality of the attitude has been confirmed by subsequent scholars 2 at the same time that the fluidity and relativity of perception of in-group versus out-group became increasingly apparent.3 In the African context it is more usual to refer to "tribalism" but given the often acrimonious debate over the use of that term, this discussion will use the more neutral word, ethnocentrism. Its use will serve to remind us that the same questions can be asked of our own "particularisms" in Europe and North America. While there are many aspects of the general phenomenon of ethnocentrism that could be probed, the data available here permits only an examination of the patterns of ethnocentrism in two African nations, some comparisons of the two national patterns and an investigation of some correlates that reflect differing socialization experiences. The implications of differing intensities of affect-dislike between various component tribal groups in the Ghanaian and Kenyan populations are of considerable social importance, even aside from the political uses to which they can be diverted. An integration problem per se is created for a nation if some
Harvard University Oarsmen. I

(1904). Harvard University Oarsmen. II. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 115-124.
Political Science Then and Now: Thoughts on Henry Jones Ford

I remember an afternoon graduate seminar in 1958 at Yale when Bob Dahl asked a question: “How would we best go about ‘testing’ the insights of Alexis de Tocqueville in Democracy in America?” Two answers were offered. “Survey research can do it all,” many argued. I put my hand up and offered an alternative. We would do well to study American history, the culture of politics, and political sociology, then and now. One does not “test” Tocqueville all at once, and never fully. One continually matches his insights against what one knows and understands about our politics. Dahl accepted both answers and we then went on to other things. I recalled the question when I recently reread Ford.Ford, along with James Bryce, was one of the first political scientists to attempt an analysis of the central dynamics of American political institutions. In The Rise and Growth of American Politics (1898), he set a model followed by Arthur Bentley, Arthur Holcombe, Wilfred Binkley, Pendleton Herring, D.W. Brogan, and Clinton Rossiter, all leaders in American political science. The art was to write a perceptive book about U.S. politics that was grounded primarily in historical materials and analyzed the connections among society, politics, and government.
Automation of interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy

In this paper, we present an automated algorithm framework for determining the optimal parameters for interferometric synthetic aperture microscopy (ISAM). Three stages of ISAM reconstruction, including dispersion correction, spectral domain resampling and computational adaptive optics (CAO) aberration correction are automated. This algorithm framework significantly lowers the background requirement for operating and calibrating ISAM machines, while achieving fast, near-optimal ISAM reconstruction on optical coherence tomography (OCT) datasets.
Single-suture technique for combined upper eyelid blepharoplasty and Mueller's muscle-conjunctiva resection.

PURPOSE To describe a technique using a single suture to perform combined upper eyelid blepharoplasty and Mueller's muscle-conjunctiva resection. METHODS Retrospective surgical case series. RESULTS The procedure was performed in 24 eyelids of 12 patients, with 3 cases including a 1-mm tarsectomy. Average improvement in margin-to-reflex distance 1 was 2.5 mm, and 22 of 24 cases (92%) achieved final margin-to-reflex distance 1 within 1 mm of the target predicted by phenylephrine testing. Surgical revision was required in 1 case of overcorrection and 1 case of recurrent ptosis. CONCLUSIONS Combined upper eyelid blepharoplasty and Mueller's muscle-conjunctiva resection can be performed with a single suture while maintaining the surgical effectiveness of both the procedures.
Mini-Horhizotron: An Apparatus for Observing and Measuring Root Growth of Container-grown Plant Material In Situ

An apparatus was developed that allows for a range of non-destructive measurements on root growth in containers (pot culture). The mini-Horhizotron was designed to measure root growth of small plant material such as seedlings, herbaceous plugs, or woody plant liners normally grown in containers less than 3.8 L. The mini- Horhizotron design has three chambers extending away from the center that could be filled with the same substrate or filled separately with different substrates/treatments to observe root growth response from a single plant. The objectives were: 1) to test the suitability of the mini-Horhizotron's design and its effects on plant growth with several different species; 2) to test two different experimental designs on the mini-Horhizotrons forresearch purposes; and 3)to test theeffect ofwood-amended substratesonroot length of a single species. Measurement included quantification of the longest roots growing away from the center (where the plug was transplanted). Herbaceous and woody plants grown in the mini-Horhizotrons included: Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench 'Prairie Splendor', Chrysanthemum L. 'Garden Alcala Red', Rudbeckia hirta L. 'Becky Yellow', andIlex crenataThunb. 'Steeds'. These plants produced root and shoot growth similar to plants grown in traditional greenhouse containers with approximately equal heights and volumes, allowing for root observations in the mini-Horhizotrons to be considered simulations of traditional container-grown crop production. Results from the initial root growth measurements provide evidence that the mini-Horhizotron may be used with a different substrate in each chamber, effectively altering a portion of the rhizosphere of one plant and reducing the number of mini-Horhizotrons needed for replications during scientific studies. Root growth was measured in three substrates containing by volume 70:30 peat:perlite (control), peat:pine-wood chips, or peat:shredded pine wood. For the species grown in pine-wood chips or shredded pine wood-amended substrates, root growthequaledorexceededthatobservedinthecontrolsubstrateatalltimeperiods.The mini-Horhizotron was used to non-destructively measure treatment/substrate effects on root growth while providing full visual access to the root zone and developing root system.
Complex interactions between nutrient enrichment and zooplankton in regulating estuarine phytoplankton assemblages: Microcosm experiments informed by an environmental dataset

Abstract The interactive effects of nutrients and zooplankton grazing on phytoplankton assemblage composition and bloom formation are not well understood, especially in coastal ecosystems. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate phytoplankton assemblage responses to changing environmental conditions in Raritan Bay, an estuary between the states of New York and New Jersey with a long history of cultural eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs). Environmental monitoring of water quality and plankton species composition (monthly data collected from April 2010–April 2013), multivariate ordination techniques, and microcosm experiments were integrated to achieve this objective. Multivariate analysis of the monitoring dataset led to the generation of a number of hypotheses regarding phytoplankton composition, individual nuisance species, environmental factors, and zooplankton composition. The field observations were then supplemented with a series of controlled microcosm experiments designed to test those hypotheses. In particular, the effects and interaction of varying mesozooplankton abundance (sieved, unsieved and enriched) and enrichment with two nutrients (nitrate and dissolved iron) on spring and summer phytoplankton assemblages were evaluated. The environmental monitoring data and the results of the microcosm experiments both indicate that Si:N ratios are important factors governing phytoplankton dynamics in Raritan Bay and that effects of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton species composition are magnified when mesozooplankton abundance is low. The microcosm experiments, however, led to unexpected results regarding the influence of iron on phytoplankton assemblages. Iron did not emerge as one of the environmental parameters related to spring and summer phytoplankton species composition in the multivariate analysis of field data. Yet, enrichment with iron in microcosms resulted in significant increases in diatoms, and enrichment with both iron and nitrate resulted in significant increases in dinoflagellates and HAB taxa, including Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenberg) Stein and Dinophysis spp. This finding suggests that small pulses of iron, in combination with low Si:N ratios (
Food and Drug Administration Regulatory Status of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripters

When Congress enacted the Medical Device Amendments to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Acton May 28,1976, it directed that all medical devices would be classified into three basic classifications—I, II, and III; Class I devices require the least amount of regulatory control in order to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the devices, and Class III devices require the highest degree of regulatory control in order to provide reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of the devices. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripters are Class III devices. Here is a brief description of the approval process that is required for these devices.
A METHOD FOR THE SEPARATION OF LEUKOCYTES FROM WHOLE BLOOD BY FLOTATION ON SERUM ALBUMIN

A technic for the separation of leukocytes from whole blood, utilizing the known difference in density of leukocytes and erythrocytes, is described. Complete separation is effected by means of solutions of serum albumin adjusted to the correct physicochemical properties.
First observation of the 13 Li ground state

The ground state of neutron-rich unbound ${}^{13}$Li was observed for the first time in a one-proton removal reaction from ${}^{14}$Be at a beam energy of 53.6 MeV/u. The ${}^{13}$Li ground state was reconstructed from ${}^{11}$Li and two neutrons giving a resonance energy of 120${}_{\ensuremath{-}80}^{+60}$ keV. All events involving single- and double-neutron interactions in the Modular Neutron Array (MoNA) were analyzed, simulated, and fitted self-consistently. The three-body (${}^{11}\text{Li}+n+n$) correlations within Jacobi coordinates showed strong dineutron characteristics. The decay energy spectrum of the intermediate ${}^{12}$Li system (${}^{11}\text{Li}+n$) was described with an $s$-wave scattering length of greater than $\ensuremath{-}4$ fm, which is a smaller absolute value than reported in a previous measurement.
DNA and quantum computers

Both DNA and quantum computers have the potential to exceed the power of conventional digital computers, though substantial technical difficulties first must be overcome. Through coherent superposition of states, quantum computers are more powerful than classical Turing machines. DNA computers are evolvable through biotechnology techniques. By combining DNA and quantum computers, both of these characteristics might be captured. DNA computers could be used to self-assemble quantum logic circuits from gates attached to DNA strands. Moreover, quantum computers might be implemented directly using the physical characteristics of the DNA molecule.
Response of macroinvertebrate communities to temporal dynamics of pesticide mixtures: A case study from the Sacramento River watershed, California ☆

Pesticide pollution from agricultural field run-off or spray drift has been documented to impact river ecosystems worldwide. However, there is limited data on short- and long-term effects of repeated pulses of pesticide mixtures on biotic assemblages in natural systems. We used reported pesticide application data as input to a hydrological fate and transport model (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) to simulate spatiotemporal dynamics of pesticides mixtures in streams on a daily time-step. We then applied regression models to explore the relationship between macroinvertebrate communities and pesticide dynamics in the Sacramento River watershed of California during 2002-2013. We found that both maximum and average pesticide toxic units were important in determining impacts on macroinvertebrates, and that the compositions of macroinvertebrates trended toward taxa having higher resilience and resistance to pesticide exposure, based on the Species at Risk pesticide (SPEARpesticides) index. Results indicate that risk-assessment efforts can be improved by considering both short- and long-term effects of pesticide mixtures on macroinvertebrate community composition.
María Moreno’s Model Behavior

This chapter follows Maria Moreno across economic, political, social, and sexual divisions as it traces her trajectory, from past to present, beginning with her early columns in El Porteno, through an analysis of her first novel, El Affair Skeffington, up to the present, where her most recent back-cover blurbs and book reviews guide this chapter to the necessary intersections with queer culture and, in particular, with a new generation of LGBTTIQ authors and artists. Moreno’s own movement across themes, genres, and social identities suggests that contemporary interest in closet epistemologies is a necessity and that it be closely linked to a mobile, fleeting mode of experiencing and representing current social, political, and economic realities, making of Moreno a model to follow for the contemporary subject-reader.
Mutations in the Gene for Neutrophil Elastase in Severe Congenital Neutropenia Are Heterozygous and of Male Origin.

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) occurs sporadically and as an autosomal-dominant or autosomal-recessive inherited disorder. Most sporadic and autosomal dominant cases are caused by mutations in the gene for neutrophil elastase (NE or ELA2). The gene for this potent serine protease is located on chromosome 19p13.3 and has 5 exons. In collaboration with the Severe Chronic Neutropenia International Registry (SCNIR), we have sequenced the NE gene from blood, bone marrow or other tissues samples for more than 300 patients with the clinical diagnosis of SCN using Big Dye Terminator, version 3.1 and ABI 3700. These studies have included 21 families with 2 or more affected members and 15 families with sporadically occurring SCN, i.e., two healthy parents with normal blood counts having an affected child. In 15 families with sporadic cases of SCN attributable to 13 different mutations in the NE gene, we sought to determine the parent of origin for the NE mutation. The 5 exons of the NE gene were sequenced twice in the parents and the affected child using Big Dye Terminator, version 3.1 and ABI 3700. After confirming the mutation in each patient and the absence of mutations in each parent, PCR was used to scan the adjacent region to the NE gene in the parents and the child to identify polymorphisms that could be used to distinguish between maternally and paternally inherited chromosomes. A fosmid library of 2-4X coverage for each patient’s DNA sample was made which successfully separated the patient’s genome into its constituent’s haplotypes. The fosmids containing the NE gene were identified by PCR and genotyped at the site of the mutant allele and the parent-informative marker. In all cases, the new NE gene mutation in the affected child was on the paternal allele.
The Perceived Impact of Mindfulness Instruction on Pre-Service Elementary Teachers

This study explored the self-reported effects of mindfuless instruction on pre-service elementary teachers in the context of a literacy education course. Twenty female undergraduates participated in a study that occurred over the course of a single semester in one university. Analysis of the results indicated that students were not significantly more mindful and less stressed at post-testing than at pre-testing. However, written and oral responses revealed benefits of mindfulness in terms of preferred practices as well as stress reduction during teaching. Explanations for outcomes were contextualized in terms of constraints to instruction and practice in an existing content-laden course. Changes in mindfulness instruction were discussed, along with future directions for research.
50 Years Later: Commemorating the Life and Death of Malcolm X

ABSTRACTThis essay considers the 50th anniversary of Malcolm X's assassination to understand how Malcolm's public advocacy continues to resonate in a contemporary political context that continues to be punctuated by police violence against Black citizens, generally, and Black men, in particular. Using news accounts commemorating the anniversary of Malcolm's death, as well as stories invoking him or avoiding his invocation in #BlackLivesMatter coverage, this essay charts the political significance of invocations of Malcolm as rhetorical frames for understanding the man and his times as well as us in our milieu to understand how Malcolm's contribution to the #BlackLivesMatter has been minimized by their reformist agenda.
Abstract 455: Decreased Experimental Hypertension and Inflammation in the Absence of Prolylendopeptidase Activity

Objective: Previously, we showed that inhibition of prolyloligopeptidase eliminated the differences in macrophage TNFα expression and BP response in mice lacking N-domain activity of ACE. Thus, functional studies of BP and inflammatory response in a model lacking prolylendopeptidase activity are performed. Results: After a 14 day high-dose AngII infusion (980 ng/kg-min), POP-KO(n=12) BP was 130±3 mmHg and 147±4 mmHg for POP-WT(n=12). After 14 days of low-dose AngII infusion(490 ng/kg-min), POP-KO(n=8) BP was 126±4 mmHg and 139±3 mmHg for POP-WT(n=8). To investigate differences in the inflammatory response, we examined peritoneal macrophage cytokine expression in response to AngII. The percentage of F4/80+/TNFαhigh cells vs. total F4/80+ was 17%±4.7% for POP-KO (n=8) and 49%±2.8% for POP-WT (n=8)[p Conclusion: Inflammation is an emerging player in hypertension and prolylendopeptidase inhibition may play a role in reducing that inflammation. In the POP-KO mouse model, baseline differences in quantity and quality of inflammatory cells may contribute to the phenotypic differences found in vivo .
Customer-Based Strategies for Raising Prices

What? Marketers can mistakenly load products and services with features to get customers to pay more. So what? Customers will be dissatisfied when price increases are done incorrectly. Now what? To lower price sensitivity, companies should time increases wisely; focus on customer satisfaction
Direct engagement of the PI3K pathway by mutant KIT dominates oncogenic signaling in gastrointestinal stromal tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) predominantly harbor activating mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase KIT. To genetically dissect in vivo the requirement of different signal transduction pathways emanating from KIT for tumorigenesis, the oncogenic KitV558Δ mutation was combined with point mutations abrogating specific phosphorylation sites on KIT. Compared with single-mutant KitV558Δ/+ mice, double-mutant KitV558Δ;Y567F/Y567F knock-in mice lacking the SRC family kinase-binding site on KIT (pY567) exhibited attenuated MAPK signaling and tumor growth. Surprisingly, abrogation of the PI3K-binding site (pY719) in KitV558Δ;Y719F/Y719F mice prevented GIST development, although the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), the cells of origin of GIST, were normal. Pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3K pathway in tumor-bearing KitV558Δ/+ mice with the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor voxtalisib, the pan-PI3K inhibitor pilaralisib, and the PI3K-alpha-restricted inhibitor alpelisib each diminished tumor proliferation. The addition of the MEK inhibitor PD-325901 or binimetinib further decreased downstream KIT signaling. Moreover, combining PI3K and MEK inhibition was effective against imatinib-resistant KitV558Δ;T669I/+ tumors.
The role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract In little over a half century, the incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has increased dramatically on a time scale that would be difficult to explain by genetic drift. The impact that IBD has on patients, particularly children and young adults, can be devastating, as there are no cures or preventive therapies. Although some insights have been gained in the conceptual development of IBD pathogenesis, the complexity and interplay of genetic, environmental and microbial factors that converge to trigger and sustain human IBD remain unclear. Over the past decade, cultivation-independent investigations together with gnotobiotic models and advances in bioinformatic analysis platforms have dramatically improved our knowledge of the role of intestinal microbiota in IBD; but further studies are needed to determine the functional and causative effect of intestinal dysbiosis for our understanding of aberrant host–microbe interactions resulting in the development of IBD. These efforts will lead to the establishment of novel microbiota-base therapeutic strategies to achieve the cure and prevention for IBD.
How Useful are our Models? Pre-Service and Practicing Teacher Evaluations of Technology Integration Models

We report on a survey of K-12 teachers and teacher candidates wherein participants evaluated known models (e.g., TPACK, SAMR, RAT, TIP) and provided insight on what makes a model valuable for them in the classroom. Results indicated that: (1) technology integration should be coupled with good theory to be effective, (2) classroom experience did not generally influence teacher values and beliefs related to technology integration, (3) some models may be more useful to teachers than others, (4) the widespread use of a model does not necessarily reflect usefulness, (5) useful models for teachers should engender real-world, concrete application, and (6) visual appeal of a model is largely subjective, but some visual representations might convey notions of practicality. Conclusions should be used to help researchers and practitioners understand the practical application value of technology integration models in real-world settings.
Thinking Below the State: Philosophical Reflections on 'Nation Building' (Penser Sous L’État : Retour Philosophique Sur Le 'Nation Building')

English Abstract: The presence and collapse of weakly governed states requires renewing the traditional reflection on governance, legal systems. They also lead to new ideas in the philosophy of law. The aim here is to provide the "lost jurist" with this unprecedented reality and the vulnerable population that the "failed state" seeks to serve, a philosophy of the "Nation-Building", understood as an action of "thinking under The State ". The philosophical elements recommended here are drawn from the New Haven School of Jurisprudence. French Abstract: presence et l'effondrement d'Etats faiblement gouvernes exigent de renouveler la reflexion traditionnelle sur la gouvernance, les systemes juridiques. Elles conduisent aussi a proposer des reflexions inedites de philosophie du droit. Il s'agira ici de fournir au « juriste perdu » face a cette realite inedite ainsi qu'a la population vulnerable que le « failed State » pretend servir, une philosophie du « Nation-Building », entendue comme une action de « penser sous l'Etat ». Les elements philosophiques recommandes ici sont puises dans la « New Haven School of Jurisprudence »
Phosphorylation Leads the Way for Protein Aggregate Disassembly.

Protein aggregation can be beneficial, with important biological functions, but must be somehow controlled. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Carpenter et al. (2018) uncover how a solid-like supermolecular protein assembly that regulates yeast meiosis is disassembled through phosphorylation of a disordered prion-like domain to control the timing of meiotic progression.
Free-Space optical switching of GST phase-change thin films via 1550 nm light

We experimentally demonstrate free-space phase change of Germanium Antimony Telluride (GST), switching between the amorphous and hexagonal crystalline states utilizing telecom-band laser pulses.
Some issues and trends in the semantics of logic programming

The simplicity and elegance of definite clauses makes this formalism attractive from a theoretical point of view. The objects in this formalism are the uninterpreted terms over the Herbrand universe. Programming however is not done exclusively in the Herbrand universe, but uses higher level concepts such as arithmetic. In that sense we can view definite clauses as the Turing machines of Logic Programming. This gap between theory and programming practice can be reduced by introducing user-oriented domains into the formalism. We have seen that this can be achieved without losing the important properties of definite clauses.
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Adipose Tissue Function

White adipose tissue consists of adipocytes embedded in a connective tissue matrix and includes a well-organized vasculature and nerve supply. Though a principal feature of adipose tissue is to store and release energy, it also regulates cellular function in tissues/organs such as skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. This regulation occurs, at least in part, through endocrine-mediated mechanisms that involve the synthesis, processing, and secretion of biologically active proteins or adipokines. Impairments in energy storage, energy mobilization, and secretory function in white adipose tissue are a characteristic feature of obesity. Although the mechanisms leading to these impairments are complex, an increasing body of literature points to the involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), a subcellular organelle involved in lipid synthesis and protein processing. In this chapter the potential role of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) will be discussed in the context of adipose tissue biology and obesity.
Acetylation of CCAR2 establishes a BET/BRD9 acetyl switch in response to combined deacetylase and bromodomain inhibition

There continues to be interest in targeting epigenetic 9readers, writers and erasers9 for the treatment of cancer and other pathologies. A mechanistic understanding is frequently lacking, however, for the synergy observed when combining deacetylase and bromodomain inhibitors. Here we identify cell cycle and apoptosis regulator 2 (CCAR2) as an early target for acetylation in colon cancer cells treated with sulforaphane (SFN). N-terminal acetylation of CCAR2 diminished its interactions with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and β-catenin, interfering with Wnt coactivator functions of CCAR2, including in cells harboring genetically encoded CCAR2 acetylation. Protein domain arrays and pull-down assays identified acetyl 9reader9 proteins that recognized CCAR2 acetylation sites, including BRD9 and members of the bromodomain and extraterminal domain (BET) family. Treatment with the BET inhibitor JQ1 synergized with SFN in colon cancer cells and suppressed tumor development effectively in a preclinical model of colorectal cancer. Studies with SFN+JQ1 in combination implicated a BET/BRD9 acetyl switch and a shift in the pool of acetyl 9reader9 proteins in favor of BRD9-regulated target genes.
Wind effects on air curtain performance at building entrances

Abstract Air curtains have been widely used as a mean of reducing infiltration and associated energy losses through building entrances. Since quantifying the infiltration rate through the entrances is directly related to air curtain energy performance, previous studies investigated the infiltration through air curtain doors accounting for door operation, usage frequency, air supply angle and velocity etc. Limited studies have focused on the effect of the wind on air curtain performance, although wind is quite common and could interact with air curtain directly. The purpose of this study is to evaluate experimentally the performance of air curtain under different wind speeds and directions, and their interactions with air curtain jet considering different supply speeds, angles, and pressure differences across the air curtain. The experiments were mostly conducted in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel in a sub-scale building model to represent the actual large-scale air curtain performance in terms of the function of dimensionless air infiltration rate versus the dimensionless pressure difference across the air curtain. The study found that air curtains could resist a certain level of wind speed but could be penetrated by high wind mostly at the lower section of the door, which may be avoided by selecting suitable air curtain speeds and angles, increase of indoor pressures, and entrance door types; the wind effect is the strongest for wind blowing straight-onto the air curtain and decreases with the inclined angles before arriving at the minimal effect at a certain angle, as defined by new wind pressure coefficients.
Valley of the sun-drenched parking space: The growth, extent, and implications of parking infrastructure in Phoenix

Abstract There is little knowledge of how much parking infrastructure exists in cities despite clear evidence that abundant and underpriced parking has economic, environmental, and social consequences. Urban parking requirements are very precise and routinely enforced despite the fact that most cities have little to no knowledge about their own parking supply. To further explore these issues, a parking inventory for metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona, USA is developed by cross-referencing geospatial cadastral and roadway data with minimum parking requirements. Metropolitan Phoenix is chosen because it is relatively young, rapidly growing, highly sprawled, and car dependent. Historical growth of parking is also estimated by linking year of property development to required off-street and nearby on-street parking spaces. As of 2017, we estimate that there were 12.2 million parking spaces in the metropolitan region with 4.04 million inhabitants, 2.86 million registered personal vehicles, and 1.84 million jobs. Growth of parking in metro Phoenix has also been significant; since 1960, 10.9 million spaces have been added to the region compared to a population growth of 3.41 million, vehicle fleet growth of 2.63 million, and employment growth of 1.56 million jobs. Since the 2008 recession, parking growth in metro Phoenix has significantly slowed, but continued urban growth combined with substantial minimum parking requirements may promote more parking infrastructure than is needed. Planners and policy makers should value quantifying the growth and supply of parking in urban areas and consider reforming parking standards to promote sustainable urban growth.
Social influence and MNE strategic response to political risk: A global network approach

According to the conventional view of MNE–host country relations, MNEs faced with political risk condition their strategic responses on each party’s relative power positions – or bargaining influence. Drawing insight from network theory, institutional theory, and international relations research, I argue that firm sensitivity to political risk is contingent upon a complementary concept: social influence. Social influence arises through the mutual embeddedness of MNE and host government in a complex global network of nations. To test my hypotheses, I construct a global network of trade relations that I combine with a unique transaction-level dataset from the global petroleum industry. My results demonstrate that social influence, as modeled by home–host structural equivalence, moderates the effects of political risk. Further, my findings provide support for a conceptual and empirical distinction between social influence and the traditional bargaining influence examined in the literature.
Increased Probability and Efficiency of Gar Capture Using Multi- vs. Monofilament Gill Nets

Abstract Monofilament gill nets have increased in popularity in recent decades and are often considered to be superior to multifilament gill nets; however, this claim is still contested by many res...
GPRC5D Is a Cell Surface Plasma Cell Marker Whose Expression Is High In Myeloma Cells and Reduced Following Coculture With Osteoclasts

Identification of unique cell surface markers on myeloma cells is important for development of targeted therapies and detection of residual disease. GPRC5D is an orphan receptor reportedly expressed at high level in bone marrow (BM) aspirates or biopsies from myeloma patients. Other studies detected GPRC5D in skin and brain but not in other tissues. The aims of the study were to assess GPRC5D gene expression and cell surface localization in myeloma cells, the changes in expression of GPRC5D and other typical myeloma cell markers following coculture of primary myeloma cells with osteoclasts and the consequences of GPRC5D gene silencing on myeloma cell growth. Global gene expression profile (GEP), qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry revealed exclusive high expression of GPRC5D in normal and myeloma plasma cells but not in B cells, MSCs, osteoclasts or BM mononucleated cells. GPRC5D expression was higher in myeloma plasma cells from newly diagnosed patients (n=698) compared to normal plasma cells (n=26, p<0.0001)). Among molecularly classified groups GPRC5D expression is higher in MS, MF and LB subgroups and lowest in CD2 and MM cell lines. Flow cytometry analysis and immunohistochemistry detected cell surface expression of GPRC5D in myeloma plasma cells while nuclear localization was also detected in certain myeloma cell lines (e.g. H929). Western blots analysis confirmed GPRC5D expression in whole cell lysate and nuclear fraction. We and other demonstrated phonotypical plasticity of myeloma plasma cells capable of altered expression of recognizable plasma cell markers (e.g. CD138, CD45) following coculture with stromal cells ( Dezorella et al., 2009 ) or osteoclasts ( Yaccoby, 2005 ). In coculture of primary CD138-selected myeloma cells with osteoclasts (n=8), CD138 (p<0,004), CD38 (p<0.001) and GPRC5D (p<0.007) were commonly and significantly downregulated, CD45 (p<0.02) was upregulated, and IRF4 expression was unaffected in cocultured myeloma cells compared to the control freshly obtained uncultured myeloma cells assessed by GEP and qRT-PCR. We also observed reduced expression of GPRC5D in MM cells purified from focal lesion compared to interstitial marrow in paired clinical samples (n=176, p<1.21E-09), suggesting that high activity of osteoclasts in osteolytic lesions mediates phenotypical alteration in myeloma cells. Stable knockdown of GPRC5D by 70% in CAG myeloma line using lentiviral particles containing shRNA had no effect on short-term growth of these cells assessed by MTT assay. These data indicate that GPRC5D is a novel cell surface marker for myeloma plasma cells and that its expression is reduced in dedifferentiated myeloma cells. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Optimal Estimation of Wasserstein Distance on a Tree With an Application to Microbiome Studies

The weighted UniFrac distance, a plug-in estimator of the Wasserstein distance of read counts on a tree, has been widely used to measure the microbial community difference in microbiome studies. Ou...
“Don’t Keep It a Secret”: E. Daniel Long and His Career in Music Education

Music teachers are central to the effective implementation of the school curriculum; however, researchers know little about their careers in music education. In order to understand the work of musi...
Boosted Object Reconstruction

After a detailed exposition of the various reconstruction techniques in Chap. 5, further selections and quality criteria are applied to define a set of baseline and candidate reconstructed objects that will be used in the analysis and the kinematic variables to discriminate between signal and background and maximize the sensitivity for a discovery of new physics. These reconstructed objects include jets, reclustered large radius jets, b-tagged jets, leptons and missing transverse momentum. Additionally, the procedure for removing energy overlaps among the reconstructed objects will be detailed.
Adaptive Control Using Machine Learning for Distributed Storage in Microgrids

The falling costs of solar photovoltaic systems and energy storage mean that these are being increasingly deployed in microgrids across the globe. Distributed storage can provide benefits for its owner, but can also play a key role in improving microgrid stability and resilience. However, most approaches to date assume that a central authority can control multiple nodes or households in the network. This introduces significant communication and control requirements, and may introduce points of failure. In this work we provide an initial exploration of how a machine learning model, trained on optimal control solutions, can be used locally at each node in the network to emulate a similar behaviour. The aim is for the trained model to provide benefits both for the individual energy storage owners, while also enabling community-level cooperative behaviour - all in a low communication-overhead, privacy-preserving manner. It is experimentally shown that a neural network trained on limited data from optimal schedules can learn node interactions and network characteristics, and can achieve partial voltage regulation for the entire microgrid. This can be done while still achieving a small (3%) network-wide cost savings compared to a scenario in which no distributed storage is present, can be implemented only locally, and does not introduce any significant requirements for central control and communication.
The Social Dimension of Open-Mindedness

This paper explores how open-mindedness and its exercise can be social in nature. In particular, it argues that an individual can be regarded as open-minded even though she does not conduct all of the intellectual tasks as required by open-mindedness by herself; that is, she delegates some of these tasks to her epistemic peers. Thinking about open-mindedness in such social terms not only opens up the possibility that there are different and surprising ways for an individual to be open-minded, but can also help offset some recent criticisms raised against open-mindedness and its status as an intellectual virtue.
Clinical and Radiologic Disease Activity in Pregnancy and Postpartum in MS.

Author(s): Anderson, Annika; Krysko, Kristen M; Rutatangwa, Alice; Krishnakumar, Tanya; Chen, Chelsea; Rowles, William; Zhao, Chao; Houtchens, Maria K; Bove, Riley | Abstract: ObjectiveTo evaluate radiologic and clinical inflammatory activity in women with MS during pregnancy and postpartum.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected clinical and MRI reports for women who became pregnant while followed at the University of California, San Francisco MS Center between 2005 and 2018. Proportion of brain MRIs with new T2-hyperintense or gadolinium enhancing (Gd+) lesions (primary outcome) and annualized relapse rate (ARR; secondary) were compared before and after pregnancy.ResultsWe identified 155 pregnancies in 119 women (median Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] 2.0). For the 146 live birth pregnancies, prepregnancy ARR was 0.33; ARR decreased during pregnancy, particularly the third trimester (ARR 0.10, p = 0.017) and increased in the 3 months postpartum (ARR 0.61, p = 0.012); and 16% of women experienced a clinically meaningful increase in EDSS. Among 70 pregnancies with paired brain MRIs available, 53% had new T2 and/or Gd+ lesions postpartum compared with 32% prepregnancy (p l 0.001). Postpartum clinical relapses were associated with Gd+ lesions (p l 0.001). However, even for patients without postpartum relapses, surveillance brain MRIs revealed new T2 and/or Gd+ lesions in 31%. Protective effects of exclusive breastfeeding for ≥3 months (odds ratio = 0.3, 95% confidence interval 0.1-0.9) were observed for relapses.ConclusionsBuilding on previous reports of increased relapse rate in the first 3 months postpartum, we report a significant association between inflammation on MRI and this clinical activity. We also detected postpartum radiologic activity in the absence of relapses. Both clinical and radiologic reassessment may inform optimal treatment decision-making during the high-risk early postpartum period.
MultiWienerNet: Deep Learning for Fast Shift-Varying Deconvolution

We present a deep-learning method based on Wiener filters and U-Nets that performs image reconstruction in systems with spatially-varying aberrations. We train on simulated microscopy measurements and test on experimental data, demonstrating high resolution reconstructions.
Electrospray Ionization FTICR Spectrometry of Metalloproteins

Metalloproteins play an important role in many biochemical processes such as respiration, metabolism, photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and signal transduction. Determining the details of the structure of the metal-center is central to understanding the structure and function of a metalloprotein, as the metal-center is usually the site of catalytic activity. For structure-function studies, metalloproteins are often produced by overexpression of recombinant genes. Frequently, a recombinant metalloprotein is produced in a denatured form, with its metal center absent. In such cases the protein must be activated by inserting the metal atoms and allowing the protein to fold into its native structure. There is a need for a rapid, accurate assay of these recombinant metalloproteins to determine the subunit amino acid composition, the metal stoichiometry, and the subunit stoichiometry. We have been investigating the capability of mass spectrometry to make such measurements for multimeric metalloproteins.