cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonlinear optical susceptibility of CuCl quantum dot glass

ABSTRACT The third order optical nonlinearity of quantum confined CuC1-doped borosiicateglass caused by saturation of the excitonic absorption Is reported. Induced Index changes were estimated using Kramers-Kronig analysis of the bleaching data. The nonlinear refractive Index is reported as a function of particlc radius and Is found to increase with increasing radius over the range 22 A to 34 A. 1. INTRODUCTION The nonlinear optical properties of semiconductor doped glasses have been thesubject of intense study since the initial measurement1 of a large, fast third order susceptibility in commercial colored glass filters containing CdSSe microcrystallites. Interest has focussed on specially prepared semiconductordoped glasses2 which exhibit quantum size effects due to the confinement of the photoexcited carriers by the potential barrier of the glass matrix. The earliest reports3'4 of the fabrication and optical properties of semiconductor quantum dots in glass concerned Cu(I)Cl in borosilicate glass. Study of the nonlinear opticalproperties of CuC1 and other I-Vu semiconductor quantum dots in glass is of
SU-FF-T-225: Experimental Observations of Convection in An Ultrasound Thermometer for Measuring Absorbed Dose to Water

Purpose: To create, measure, and attempt to characterize convectioneffects experimentally in a water phantom and cell in terms of simple physical parameters, in order to obtain accurate calorimetric measurements of absorbed dose in both Domen‐type devices and especially the ultrasoniccalorimeter under evaluation at NIST. Method and Materials: Experiments have been performed to investigate radiation induced convection in an open water phantom equipped with a bare thermistor and an ultrasound transducer in addition to using thermsitors in a sealed core; and to investigate convection threshold by using one thermistor as a point heating source. We employ both impulse‐response testing and continuous square‐wave excitation, and analyze the data in frequency domain in an attempt to decompose the responses due to conduction and convection.Results: Single shot, impulse response testing shows periodic ringing following after the response to the initial excitation has faded, observable for both thermistor and ultrasound sensors. The period for this ringing can be estimate via Rayleigh formula. The Fourier series expansion of the square wave excitation dictates that no even harmonics should be present; however, this is violated at elevated radiation durations, strongly suggest the presence of convection. This is experimentally observed in both thermistor and ultrasound detections, but suppressed when the thermistors are within the glass vessel. To understand the onset of convection, the point source experiment establishes a threshold for convection with increasing power. Conclusions: Using the frequency domain technique, we have observed experimentally the distinction of system response between convection and conduction. Both impulse‐response and stationary spectra indicate large‐scale oscillations of water in phantom that are likely to pose more of a problem for ultrasound than for thermistors with convection barrier. Once the behavior of convection is understood, one may be able to use spectral methods to remove its effects by data processing.
Magnetic resonance angiography in neck masses.

Abstract Carotid MR angiography has primarily been used to evaluate for stenotic lesions. We performed 2D time of flight MR angiography in 25 patients with palpable neck masses. There were 23 masses confirmed histologically. Two of the masses represented abnormal carotid arteries. Carotid deviation was seen in 23 of 25 (92%) of patients. Widening of the carotid bifurcation was identified in seven patients, including four carotid body tumors, one inflammatory mass, one benign salivary gland tumor, and one schwannoma. Increased vascularity was identified in one carotid body tumor and in one metastatic papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. MR angiography may be useful to demonstrate flow within vessels and represents a familiar imaging display for surgical planning. Splaying of the carotid bifurcation is useful in demonstrating carotid space lesions.
Design and energetic characterization of a liquid-propellant-powered actuator for self-powered robots

This paper describes the design of a power supply and actuation system appropriate for position or force controlled human-scale robots. The proposed approach utilizes a liquid monopropellant to generate hot gas, which is utilized to power a pneumatic-type actuation system. A prototype of the actuation system is described, and closed-loop tracking data are shown, which demonstrate good motion control. Experiments to characterize the energetic performance of a six-degree-of-freedom actuation system indicate that the proposed system with a diluted propellant offers an energetic figure of merit five times greater than battery-powered DC motors. Projections based on these experiments indicate that the same system powered by undiluted propellant would offer an energetic figure of merit in an order of magnitude greater than a comparable battery-powered DC motor actuated system.
The Relationship of Errors in the Babcock Test to Losses in Cream Plants

Summary The Babcock test gives a result that is too high in the case of both milk and cream. Because the error is proportionately greater in milk than in cream, a loss results. This loss increases with increasing fat content of the milk skimmed, and decreases with increasing fat content of the cream produced. It may vary from about 0.35 per cent where cream testing 50 per cent fat is made from milk testing 3.35 per cent fat, up to about 3 per cent where cream testing 20 per cent fat is made from milk testing 5 per cent fat.
INSECT-FERN ASSOCIATIONS

The suggestion that ferns are under-utilized as a food source by insects is discussed on the basis of an extensive survey of the literature. Insects associated with ferns are mainly in the orders Hemiptera, Coleoptera and Lepidoptera, with a high proportion of sap-feeders and specialist feeders restricted to ferns. Most of the ferns affected are polypodiaceous. The role of secondary plant compounds, in the chemical defense of ferns against insect attack, is discussed. The more ancient insect orders are better represented on ferns than more recent ones, suggesting a long persistent association between ferns and insects. RESUME ASSOCIATIONS INSECTES-FOUGERES Sur la base d'un examen etendu de la litterature, on discute l'hypothese selon laquelle les fougeres seraient sous-utilisees, comme source d'aliments, par les insectes. Les insectes associes aux fougeres sont surtout dans les ordres des Hemiptera, Coleoptera et Lepidoptera, avec une proportion elevee d'insectes se nourrissant de seve et d'insectes specialises s'alimentant exclusivement sur les fougeres. La plupart des fougeres attaquees sont des polypodiacees. On discute le role des composes vegetaux secondaires dans la defense chimique des fougeres contre l'attaque des insectes. Les ordres d'insectes plus anciens sont mieux representes sur les fougeres que les ordres plus recents, ce qui fait penser a une longue association continue entre les fougeres et les insectes.
A refined prediction method for gel retardation of DNA oligonucleotides from dinucleotide step parameters: reconciliation of DNA bending models with crystal structure data.

Abstract The development and assessment of a prediction method for gel retardation and sequence dependent curvature of DNA based on dinucleotide step parameters are described. The method is formulated using the Babcock-Olson equations for base pair step geometry (1) and employs Monte Carlo simulated annealing for parameter optimization against experimental data. The refined base pair step parameters define a structural construct which, when the width of observed parameter distributions is taken into account, is consistent with the results of DNA oligonucleotide crystal structures. The predictive power of the method is demonstrated and tested via comparisons with DNA bending data on sets of sequences not included in the training set, including A-tracts with and without periodic helix phasing, phased A4T4 and T4A4 motifs, a sequence with a phased GGGCCC motif, some “unconventional” helix phasing sequences, and three short fragments of kinetoplast DNA from Crithidia fasiculata that exhibit significantly diff...
Orthonasal and retronasal odorant identification based upon vapor phase input from common substances

Subjects were trained to identify by assigned number common substances presented as vapor phase stimuli via an orthonasal or a retronasal route. Following training, odorant identification learning was evaluated by measuring ability to correctly identify to a criterion. Those who met the criterion were then tested first with the stimuli presented to the nares that differed in location from the nares used in training, and second to the nares that corresponded in location to the nares used in training. It was found that, under conditions of natural retronasal breathing, orthonasally trained subjects made correct identifications on approximately 80% of the trials upon retronasal testing, but for the following orthonasal testing identifications were significantly more frequent, approaching 100% correct. After subsequent retronasal training, the same subjects' orthonasal identifications remained significantly higher, although identifications improved to approximately 92% correct on retronasal trials. Other subjects were instructed in a breathing technique designed to enhance retronasal stimulation. After orthonasal training, retronasal testing of these subjects still gave significantly fewer correct identifications than orthonasal testing, notwithstanding the modified retronasal breathing, but after subsequent retronasal training correct identifications by these subjects no longer differed significantly between orthonasal and retronasal testing. Efficacy of modified retronasal breathing was confirmed in two subsequent experiments. The observed substantial positive transfers between retronasal and orthonasal odorant identification training and testing loci demonstrate that these odorant pathways do not subserve completely independent olfactory systems, while the less accurate identifications via the retronasal route, unless instruction in retronasal breathing was given, suggest a difference in the efficiency with which odorants are normally delivered to the olfactory mucosa.
Effect of Regioisomerism on the Local Dynamics of Polychlorostyrene

Relaxation properties of three isomers of atactic polychlorostyrene, having the chlorine atom in the ortho, meta, and para positions (P2CS, P3CS, and P4CS, respectively), were measured by mechanical and dielectric spectroscopies and modulated scanning calorimetry. For the α relaxation, the more spatially extended pendant group in P4CS gives rise to steric constraints on the segmental dynamics that cause both the temperature dependence of its relaxation time (i.e., the fragility) and the number of dynamically correlated segments to be largest. For the secondary β-relaxation in P4CS, the chlorophenyl moiety can rotate (spin) without involving the backbone; that is, the motion involves internal degrees of freedom. Consequently, this secondary relaxation is high in frequency and has a weak relaxation strength, especially as measured dielectrically. On the other hand, the pendant group in P2CS cannot reorient without adjustments in position of the backbone segments, causing its β relaxation strength measured m...
Biases in Trapping Larval Amphibians in Playa Wetlands

Abstract Standardized, effective sampling methods are required to monitor amphibian population trends and community composition. Funnel traps have been used to ostensibly estimate species richness and relative abundance of larval amphibians. We tested whether funnel traps can be used to provide unbiased estimates of amphibian community composition in playa wetlands by comparing seining–dip netting and passive funnel-trapping results. Plains spadefoots (Spea bombifrons) were more prone to be captured in funnel traps whereas New Mexico spadefoots (S. multiplicata) were less likely captured by funnel traps than by seines and dip nets. In playas funnel traps should be used only for collecting specimens and not for estimating amphibian community composition.
Classroom Standard Setting and Grading Practices

What is the process by which grades should be assigned to students? Which learning objectives should be the basis for pass/fail decisions? Which learning objectives should be the basis for assigning better grades? How might this procedure be implemented?
Establishing absorbed energy spectra—an attenuation approach

For energy-based seismic design, energy demand in the form of absorbed energy spectra was established by an attenuation relationship. The absorbed energy is proposed for evaluating the energy demand in an inelastic system because the absorbed energy is directly related to the pseudo-velocity in the elastic case. Based on a total of 273 ground motion records from 15 significant earthquakes in California, an attenuation relationship of the absorbed energy was established from a two-stage non-linear regression analysis. This relationship was established for a given earthquake magnitude, source-to-site distance, site class, and ductility factor. A similar expression for the normalized absorbed energy was also developed. This study showed that the absorbed energy for near-field ground motions can be significantly larger than that predicted by the attenuation relationship for normal ground motions. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visual Search in the Space Environment

Among the important tasks of an astronaut will be the visual search for other vehicles in a co-planar orbit for purposes of rendezvous. Human data for minimum visual acuity can be used to compute the maximum sighting distance using information about target size, background, luminance and target contrast. But this distance is valid only if the astronaut knows the exact location of the target satellite and can fixate on it with foveal vision. For a dynamic search situation it is more meaningful to compute a probability of sighting using additional data or assumptions about peripheral visual acuity, eye fixation frequency, search area, and target closure rate. A method is described for computing probability of sighting. An example is provided for application of the method to a search situation for the approximate situation of a space rendezvous with a target comparable to the NASA Gemini vehicle.
Precipitate coflotation of orthophosphate and fluoride

Orthophosphate and fluoride are simultaneously precipitated from aqueous solution, 5.26 × 10−3 M. in each, by La (III). The precipitates are cofloated by the anionic surfactant sodium laurylsulfate, with optimum flotation at pH 4.0 and a stoichiometric lanthanum concentration based on LaPO4 and LaF3. Over pH 3.5 to 6.0, better than 95% flotation of the total orthophosphate and precipitated fluoride that-are present can be floated at a molar sodium laurylsulfate to orthophosphate plus fluoride ratio of 0.023. At lower sodium laurylsulfate concentrations, the flotation decreases at pH 3.5 and 6.0 compared to pH 4.0–5.0; at pH 4.0, an increase in the La(III) concentration decreases the flotation.
Two-point palatal discrimination in patients with upper airway resistance syndrome, obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and normal control subjects.

Study objective To compare the results of a two-point palatal discrimination response in normal subjects (n = 15), patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) [n = 15], and patients with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) [n = 15] matched for age, sex, and body mass index. Design Comparison study of three subject groups. Setting A sleep-disorders clinic. Subjects Participants were selected based on clinical questionnaire, clinical evaluation, and polysomnography. Intervention Polysomnography involving measurement of flow limitation with a nasal cannula pressure transducer system and of respiratory effort with esophageal pressure was performed in order to recognize the presence, absence, and types of sleep-disordered breathing. The 45 subjects were submitted to a two-point palatal discrimination study during wakefulness performed by an investigator blinded to the polysomnogram results. Results Patients with OSAS had a clear impairment of their palatal sensory input with a significant decrement in two-point discrimination, but patients with UARS and normal control subjects had similar responses. Patients with UARS exhibited at least intermittent snoring in most cases. Conclusion The normal responses seen in patients with UARS indicate that these patients are more capable of transmitting sensory inputs than patients with OSAS. This may be one element explaining the difference in arousal response previously documented in UARS compared to OSAS.
Food Allergy Among Children in the United States

OBJECTIVES: The goals were to estimate the prevalence of food allergy and to describe trends in food allergy prevalence and health care use among US children. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey of data on food allergy among children RESULTS: In 2007, 3.9% of US children z = 3.4; P P z = 3.4; P CONCLUSION: Several national health surveys indicate that food allergy prevalence and/or awareness has increased among US children in recent years.
Brittlestar Color-Change and Phototaxis (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea: Ophiocomidae).

. In the first decisive study of color-change in brittlestars, four Caribbean species, Ophiocoma echinata, 0. paucigranulata, O. pumila, and O. wendti are reported to change color from day to night. Color-change is most striking in O. wendti, which is dark brown during the day, and is banded gray and black from dusk to dawn. The transformation occurs over a 3 to 4 hour period and is effected by chromatorphores which appear to respond to illumination, independently of the central nervous system. Color-change may also be mediated by an endogenous rhythm. Ophiocoma wendti is more responsive to light than the other 3 species tested. It reacts to lower levels of illumination at night than during the day, exhibiting negative phototaxis in moonlight as well as in sunlight. I suggest that color-change may expose (or shield) photosensitive tissues that control the brittlestar's detection of shaded fissures in the reef. Thereby, chromatophore activity may be connected with the brittlestar's chief defense from predators, the ability to detect shadow and escape into darkened crevices. Although experiments to date with predacious fish are equivocal. the color patterns of Ophiocoma species mav provide protective camouflage.
Axonal transport of synapsin I-like proteins in rabbit retinal ganglion cells

Synapsin I is a neuronal phosphoprotein that is associated with the cytoplasmic surface of small, clear synaptic vesicles in neuronal synaptic terminals; it may play an important role in synaptic transmission. In vitro, it can interact with fodrin, a relative of the erythrocyte protein spectrin. We have investigated the delivery of synapsin I from its site of synthesis in neuronal cell bodies to synaptic terminals by means of the process of axonal transport. We labeled the newly synthesized proteins of rabbit retinal ganglion cells by injecting 35S-methionine into the vitreous humour, and subsequently observed the appearance of radioactive synapsin I (identified by its 2- dimensional electrophoretic mobility) in tissues containing the axons and synaptic terminals of these neurons. A portion of the newly synthesized synapsin I was axonally transported at the velocity of the most rapidly transported (group I) proteins, which comprise membrane- associated proteins and may include elements of synaptic vesicles. However, the subsequent time course of labeling of synapsin I in the axons suggests that greater than 90% of the axonally transported synapsin I may comprise 2 additional populations--one transported rapidly, the other slowly--that are released from the cell bodies only after a delay of more than 1 d. The delayed, slowly transported population moves at the velocity (approximately 6 mm/d) of groups III and IV (which include fodrin and other proteins of the membrane cytoskeleton). We consider whether such distinct populations may correspond to functionally specialized variants of synapsin I-like proteins that may be transported in association with different organelles. The electrophoretic mobility of labeled synapsin I-like proteins in the axons changed subtly with time. Additional subtle differences between labeled synapsin I-like proteins in the axons and the terminal-containing tissues suggest that certain posttranslational modifications occur specifically in the terminals.
Initial Formation and Secondary Condensation of Nerve Pathways in the Medicinal Leech

Invertebrates have proved to be important experimental systems for examining questions related to growth cone navigation and nerve formation, in large part because of their simpler nervous systems. However, such apparent simplicity can be deceiving because the final stereotyped patterns may be the result of multiple developmental mechanisms and not necessarily the sole consequence of the pathway choices of individual growth cones. We have examined the normal sequence of events that are involved in the formation of the major peripheral nerves in leech embryos by employing (1) an antibody directed against acetylated tubulin to label neurons growing out from the central nervous system, (2) the Lan3-2 antibody to label a specific population of peripheral neurons growing into the central nervous system, and (3) intracellular dye filling of single cells. We found that the mature pattern of nerves was characterized by a pair of large nerve roots, each of which branched into two major tracts. The earliest axonal projections did not, however, establish this pattern definitively. Rather, each of the four nerves initially formed as discrete, roughly parallel tracts without bifurcation, with the final branching pattern of the nerve roots being generated by a secondary condensation. In addition, we found that some of the nerves were pioneered in different ways and by different groups of neurons. One of the nerves was established by central neurons growing peripherally, another by peripheral neurons growing centrally. These results suggest that the formation of common nerves and neuronal pathfinding in the leech involves multiple sets of growth cone guidance strategies and morphogenetic mechanisms that belie its apparent simplicity.
Mitigating the FloodingWaves Problem in Energy-Efficient Routing for MANETs

In wireless mobile adhoc networks (MANETs) channel and energy capacities are scarce resources, a lot of energy-efficient routing protocols for MANETs have been previously proposed to take into consideration the nodes residual energies when establishing routes between source-destination pairs. In this paper we are not trying to introduce a new routing algorithm to be added to the already proposed stack of energy-efficient protocols, but rather, we identify a problem in cost-based energy-efficient routing for MANETs, we call this problem "Flooding Waves". We show that the "Flooding Waves" is a serious problem in dense networks, to the extent that the excessive energy overhead consumed in these waves can outweigh the gain achieved by energy-efficient path selection. We propose the "Delayed-Forwarding" as a solution for this problem. We provide both a simulation analysis and a simple theoretical framework to validate and support this solution.
Five years later: Recovery from post traumatic stress and psychological distress among low-income mothers affected by Hurricane Katrina

Hurricane Katrina, which struck the Gulf Coast of the United States in August 2005, exposed area resi- dents to trauma and extensive property loss. However, little is known about the long-run effects of the hurricane on the mental health of those who were exposed. This study documents long-run changes in mental health among a particularly vulnerable groupdlow income mothersdfrom before to after the hurricane, and identifies factors that are associated with different recovery trajectories. Longitudinal surveys of 532 low-income mothers from New Orleans were conducted approximately one year before, 7 e19 months after, and 43e54 months after Hurricane Katrina. The surveys collected information on mental health, social support, earnings and hurricane experiences. We document changes in post- traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), as measured by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised, and symptoms of psychological distress (PD), as measured by the K6 scale. We find that although PTSS has declined over time after the hurricane, it remained high 43e54 months later. PD also declined, but did not return to pre-hurricane levels. At both time periods, psychological distress before the hurricane, hurricane-related home damage, and exposure to traumatic events were associated with PTSS that co-occurred with PD. Hurricane-related home damage and traumatic events were associated with PTSS without PD. Home damage was an especially important predictor of chronic PTSS, with and without PD. Most hurricane stressors did not have strong associations with PD alone over the short or long run. Over the long run, higher earnings were protective against PD, and greater social support was protective against PTSS. These results indicate that mental health problems, particularly PTSS alone or in co-occurrence with PD, among Hurricane Katrina survivors remain a concern, especially for those who experienced hurricane-related trauma and had poor mental health or low socioeconomic status before the hurricane.
Wireless Data Scheduling of Clients Serviced using UAV Mounted Beamforming Antennas

The use of beamforming antennas has received significant attention over the last decade. We consider beamforming applied to dynamic operations such as networked UAV hubs which interconnect with users on the ground. The key problem involves understanding how to optimally manage the users’ data requirements while considering mobility and a dynamic radio environment serviced by one or more hubs with beamforming antenna capability. In our work we break the problem down into scheduling and tracking. We take an optimally based beamforming scheduling algorithm along with a very efficient relaxation that we have developed in previous work and implement them along with a capacity tracking estimation algorithm. Finally we show our results of implementing this system in hardware using Fidelity Comtech’s Phocus Array FCI-3100X.
Dead-band controller for balancing individual dc capacitor voltages in cascade multilevel inverter based STATCOM

This paper presents a dead-band controller for balancing individual dc capacitor voltages in a three-phase cascade multilevel inverter based static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). The design of the feed-back control is based on the detailed small-signal model. The proposed dead-band controller can stabilizes the phase shift of H-bridge voltages, and then reduces the risk of unnecessary switching of power semiconductors. The controller can balance individual dc capacitor voltages when H-bridges run with different switching patterns and have parameter variations. Moreover, it is shown that the controller can work well in all operation regions. Experimental results verify the performance of the controller.
Inhibition of Endogenous Catecholamine Synthesis Augments Early Follicular Phase Luteinizing Hormone Secretion

The physiological role of catecholamines, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine, in the regulation of gonadotropin secretion in humans is unclear. We administered the tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT, 500 mg at 800 and 1000 h) to five women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle and compared LH secretion patterns to those in five untreated controls. Commencing at 800 h, blood was drawn every 15 min for LH and PRL measurements until 1600 h. AMPT elevated PRL concentrations (mean ± sem) from a baseline of 14.72 ± 2.51 μg/L to a peak of 102.2 ± 24 μg/L. LH concentrations [21.97 ± 0.56 (AMPT) vs. 13.51 ± 0.16 IU/L (control), P < 0.0001], LH area under the curve [11014 ± 1815 (AMPT) vs. 7009 ± 404 IU·min/L (control), P = 0.05] and LH pulse amplitude [9.99 ± 2.38 (AMPT) vs. 4.03 ± 0.61 IU/L (control), P = 0.04] were all greater in the group in which catecholamine synthesis was inhibited. There was no difference in pulse frequency between the groups (7.4 ± 0.51 vs. 6.6 ± ...
Measuring the costs and benefits of regulation: Conceptual issues in securities markets

Abstract This paper reviews the economic theory of regulation and surveys the empirical evidence on its application to past and recent changes in U.S. securities regulation. The theory provides multiple potential motives for regulation and cautions the empirical researcher against naive modeling of the costs and benefits of regulatory change. Moreover, the nature of the regulatory process compounds the standard pitfalls of empirical analysis such as endogeneity and confounding events. Productive empirical techniques include the development of cross-sectional predictions of the effects of regulation as well as the use of unregulated control samples. An important avenue for future research is a more refined estimation of the extent to which regulation has unintended consequences.
Production and Transport of Antibiotics from CAFOs

The largest source of antibiotics in the environment is likely their application in livestock. In particular, their routine use as growth promoters comprises the majority of antibiotic use. Antibiotic use for growth promotion is widespread in the US, but banned in Israel, Denmark, and other parts of Europe. Antibiotics consumed by livestock are largely unmetabolized and excreted into the environment. This chapter will discuss the various sources of antibiotics and their transport in the environment with respect to their chemical characteristics. Potential impacts of antibiotics in the environment will also be discussed.
MTHFD1 and Nuclear Thymidylate Biosynthesis

Thymidylate (dTMP) is the only DNA nucleotide formed at the sites of DNA replication. dTMP is synthesized by a multi-enzyme complex, which includes serine hydroxymethylase 1 (SHMT1) and methylenete...
Hawaiian tephritid fruit flies (Diptera): integrity of the infestation-free quarantine procedure for 'Sharwil' avocado.

In 1990, the infestation-free quarantine procedure for ‘Sharwil’ avocados grown in Kona, HI, was approved based on the assumption that fruits on trees are not hosts of tephritid fruit flies. In February 1992, the infestation-free quarantine procedure was suspended because of discovery of oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel), larval infestation in fruits on trees in certified orchards. Subsequently, an intensive field study was conducted to determine the level of tephritid fruit fly infestations in ‘Sharwil’ fruits. Results gathered negated two assumptions of the infestation-free quarantine procedure. First, the procedure assumed that only immature and mature green fruits are attached on trees; our data showed that, although most fruits on trees were either immature or mature green, a few ripe fruits occurred during the fruiting season. Second, the procedure assumed that mature green fruits have absolute resistance to tephritid fruit flies occurring in Hawaii; our field data showed that mature green ‘Sharwil’ avocados are suitable hosts of oriental fruit fly, albeit poor hosts. We present several hypotheses that may explain the failure of the infestation-free quarantine procedure for ‘Sharwil’ avocados. Morphological, physical, and chemical attributes of maturing ‘Sharwil’ fruits that may be useful in developing indices of fruit maturity and quality are also presented.
Myocardial gene reprogramming associated with a cardiac cross-resistant state induced by LPS preconditioning

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning induces cardiac resistance to subsequent LPS or ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that resistance to LPS and resistance to ischemia are two manifes...
Military Expenditure Trends for 1960–2014 and What They Reveal

The article uses newly available consistent military expenditure data for 1960–2014 to examine past and current global spending trends during and after the Cold War. We are particularly interested in the impact of the end of the Cold War, 9/11 and the 2008 recession on military spending worldwide. The global share of military spending of East Asia & Pacific and the Middle East & North Africa increased relative to other regions since 1985. This increase underscores the need for western allies to bolster their power projection capacities. After 1999, both China and Russia raised their real defense spending, with China's increases far exceeding that of Russia. Both countries have a long ways to go to rival US capabilities. The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) continues to be heavily dependent on US defense spending. The post-1998 expansion allies assume about 2.4 per cent of the alliance's defense burden, while representing significant risks to NATO, given recent Russian actions in the Ukraine.
Quantum Statistics of a Degenerate Bose Gas

We have observed atomic number squeezing by direct atom counting, and our results are consistent with many-body number state generation. Progress towards controlled entanglement and few-body tunneling will be discussed.
Mode-based Obfuscation using Control-Flow Modifications

Hardware security has emerged as an important topic in the wake of increasing threats on integrated circuits which include reverse engineering, intellectual property (IP) piracy and overbuilding. This paper explores obfuscation of circuits as a hardware security measure and specifically targets digital signal processing (DSP) circuits which are part of most modern systems. The idea of using desired and undesired modes to design obfuscated DSP functions is illustrated using the fast Fourier transform (FFT) as an example. The selection of a mode is dependent on a key input to the circuit. The system is said to work in its desired mode of operation only if the correct key is applied. Other undesired modes are built into the design to confuse an adversary. The approach to obfuscating the design involves control-flow modifications which alter the computations from the desired mode. We present simulation and synthesis results on a reconfigurable, 2-parallel FFT and discuss the security of this approach. It is shown that the proposed approach results in a reconfigurable and flexible design at an area overhead of 8% and a power overhead of 10%.
Is Lasting Change Possible? Lessons from the Hedonic Adaptation Prevention Model

Happiness seekers tend to focus on changing their life circumstances, such as buying a new house, switching jobs, or getting married. However, people have been found to adapt to both positive and negative life changes, such as marriage, job promotion, disability, and widowhood. This process—known as hedonic adaptation—can serve as a formidable barrier to achieving lasting happiness. The Hedonic Adaptation Prevention model outlines why people adapt to life changes and sheds light on how adaptation to favorable events can be forestalled and how adaptation to unfavorable events can be hastened. In this chapter, we focus on a positive change as the model’s starting point, which is associated with an immediate boost in well-being and a gradual decline back to baseline. Individuals adapt to positive life changes due to increasing aspirations and declines in the number of positive events and emotions associated with the change. Fortunately, lasting happiness change is indeed possible, as adaptation can be slowed or arrested in a number of ways, such as feeling greater appreciation for the good things in life and introducing greater variety.
What Determiners can do: Data from Mopan Maya

The word class Determiners and the functional category D are often characterized as encoding definiteness, specificity and/or uniqueness (Chomeshi-Paul-Wiltschko 2009). In Mopan Maya (Yukatecan), the noun classifiers and article are not sensitive to definiteness, but rather help specify that the associated lexeme be treated as a nominal rather than a predicate. This need arises from Mopan's "omnipredicativity" (Launey 1994): nouns, adjectives, and stative predicates may carry the same affixes, a phenomenon attested in several other indigenous American languages (Mithun 1999) . We describe the syntactic, semantic, and discourse-pragmatic functions of Mopan determiners, and argue for broadening typological definitions of "Determiner".
Publication Outlets for School Psychology Faculty: 2010 to 2015.

Many school psychology faculty are required to publish for purposes of retention and promotion. It is useful to have an understanding of the different outlets for scholarly publications. In the present study, we investigated the peer-reviewed journals in which school psychology faculty were published between 2010 and 2015, the number of articles in each journal, and the acceptance rates and impact estimates for each journal. We identified school psychology faculty using the National Association of School Psychologists website and conducted a search of the publications using EBSCO databases. Results indicated that there were a total of 3,675 articles and a total of 832 peer-reviewed journals in which school psychology faculty were published during the 6-year span. Among the peer-reviewed journals, Psychology in the Schools, School Psychology Quarterly, School Psychology Review, and Journal of School Psychology were the journals in which school psychology faculty members most frequently published. Acceptance rates ranged from less than 5% to 98%, with an average of 29.7%. H-indexes ranged from 1 to 890, with an average of 52. These results illustrate the variety of journals that publish works from school psychology faculty and the need for school psychology faculty and other authors to consider a variety of options when seeking publication.
The Original Nutcracker Ballet: A Hidden Allegory by Margaret Fleming-Markarian: (2014). Privately printed, Padstow, Cornwall, UK: T J International. 161 pp., $28.99. ISBN 978-0-9929469-1-3 (paperback)

Surely no classical ballet is performed more frequently in the United States than is The Nutcracker. From small-town dance studios and ballet schools to multimillion-dollar productions by world-ren...
Abstract 3914: IGF-II causes translocation of estrogen receptor beta to the mitochondria in triple negative breast cancer cell lines

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and is the leading cause of death among women worldwide. Breast cancer is classified by the presence or absence of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Triple negative breast cancers (TNBCs) lack all 3 receptors and account for approximately 15-20% of all breast cancers. Due to lack of targeted treatments TNBCs become aggressive and can metastasize to other parts of the body. The insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) has an important role in fetal and cancer development. IGF-II signals through the IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR), insulin receptor (Ins-R), and has been associated in cross-talk with the estrogen receptors alpha and beta (ERα, ERs). Our lab has demonstrated that IGF-II activates the translocation of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and estrogen receptor beta (ER-β) in the absence of the estrogen ligand. When co-expressed, ER-β counteracts the proliferative function of ER-α, however the role of ER-β in ER-α negative breast cancers is unclear. Although TNBC accounts for 20% of all BC, 50-90% of all TNBC express high levels of ER-β. Triple negative breast cancer can be more aggressive and difficult to treat. Also, the cancer is more likely to spread and recur. With the elevated levels of expression of the ER-β found in TNBC our lab demonstrated through western blotting and confocal microscopy that not only did treatment with IGF-II increase the expression of ER-β in both ER positive (MCF-7) and TNBC cell lines (CRL-231, 2335, and HS578-T) but it also stimulated translocation predominantly to the mitochondria in the TNBC cell lines. The presence of ER-β in the mitochondria suggests a need for further study on the action of ER-β in the mitochondria of all BC cell lines, especially TNBC cell lines. Citation Format: Chane' O'Bannon-Joseph, Daisy D. DeLeon, Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine. IGF-II causes translocation of estrogen receptor beta to the mitochondria in triple negative breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3914. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3914
The Play as Client: An Experiment in Autobiographical Therapeutic Theatre

This chapter defines and builds an argument for the concept of the play as client in the creation and performance of autobiographical therapeutic theatre. Drawing upon the experiences of the authors, all drama therapists, who were source, director, and actor of a single research project using a therapeutic theater process, the chapter considers how the play as client establishes aesthetic distance and contributes to the discourse on therapeutic and self-revelatory theater. The authors explore the ethical perspectives of this concept. By demonstrating the parallel process between caring for the play and caring for the human client, the authors examine the function of the drama therapist as a theater maker.
Beta Decay of Tb 161

The radiations emitted in the beta decay of 7-day ${\mathrm{Tb}}^{161}$ have been studied with a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, 40-cm radius of curvature, shaped magnetic field spectrometer and a scintillation counter. Gamma-gamma coincidence measurements have also been made. The following transitions with multipolarities indicated were observed (energies in kev): $25.5(E1)$, $48.9(M1)$, $56.9(E1, \mathrm{tentative})$, and $74.6(E1)$. The following beta groups were also observed (energies in kev): 571, 522, 496, and 439. A level scheme incorporating these data is presented.
Need for a Permanent Pacemaker after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

A permanent pacemaker is commonly required in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) at ranges up to 30-50%. In general, the incidence is higher with the self- vs balloon-expandable valves. Several risk factors have been identified. Importantly, pacemaker implantation does not seem to improve prognosis and this needs to be further explored. Finally, new generation valves appear to increase the complication of AV block and need for permanent pacing. These issues are herein briefly reviewed. Rhythmos 2016;11(4):87-89.
The Role of Radial Motion for Dynamic Plasticity in Rods

ABSTRACT For a radial shear wave generated by a dispersive, incident plastic wave that impinges upon a silicone lubricated, infinitesimal elastic interface, experimental data introduced here reveals that there is an equipartition of energy between the longitudinal and radial components of the incident wave. The former reflects from a quasi-fixed boundary and, because of the lubrication, the latter reflects from a free surface.
Multiphase-equilibria analysis: Application in modeling the atmospheric and lacustrine chemical systems of Saturn's moon Titan

Abstract Titan's lower atmosphere has condensed phases in equilibrium with it. It is well known that there is a liquid phase in lakes and liquid condensates in the lower troposphere that are part of the liquid cycle in Titan's system. This work analyzes further the phase equilibria using CRYOCHEM equation of state by accounting for solid phases that can exist at the extremely cold conditions on Titan, as well as the possibility of a second liquid phase in the deep lakes, all within the ternary system nitrogen-methane-ethane. Titan's fluid exhibits rich variation of phases that allow us to show multiphase equilibria in full action. The multiphase equilibria covered in this work are two-phase (vapor-liquid, liquid-liquid, solid-liquid, solid-vapor, solid-solid), three-phase (vapor-liquid-liquid, vapor-liquid-solid, vapor-solid-solid, liquid-liquid-solid), and four-phase equilibria (solid-liquid-liquid-vapor); issues associated with the unphysical phases in the calculations are also discussed. The results of multiphase-equilibria analysis describe new understandings about Titan's surface, troposphere, and subsurface lake liquids, as described in the conclusions.
Controlled positioning of microbubbles and induced cavitation using a dual-frequency transducer and microfiber adhesion techniques.

We report a study on two methods that enable spatial control and induced cavitation on targeted microbubbles (MBs). Cavitation is known to be present in many situations throughout nature. This phenomena has been proven to have the energy to erode alloys, like steel, in propellers and turbines. It is recently theorized that cavitation occurs inside the skull during a traumatic-brain injury (TBI) situation. Controlled cavitation methods could help better understand TBIs and explain how neurons respond at moments of trauma. Both of our approaches involve an ultrasonic transducer and bio-compatible Polycaprolactone (PCL) microfibers. These methods are reproducible as well as affordable, providing more control and efficiency compared to previous techniques found in literature. We specifically model three-dimensional spatial control of individual MBs using a 1.6 MHz transducer. Using a 100 kHz transducer, we also illustrate induced cavitation on an individual MB that is adhered to the surface of a PCL microfiber. The goal of future studies will involve characterization of neuronal response to cavitation and seek to unmask its linkage with TBIs.
Vortex Structure Effects on Impingement, Effusion, and Cross Flow Cooling of a Double Wall Configuration

A variety of different types of vortices and vortex structures have important influences on thermal protection, heat transfer augmentation, and cooling performance of impingement cooling, effusion cooling, and cross flow cooling. Of particular interest are horseshoe vortices, which form around the upstream portions of effusion coolant concentrations just after they exit individual holes, hairpin vortices, which develop nearby and adjacent to effusion coolant trajectories, and Kelvin-Helmholtz vortices which form within the shear layers that form around each impingement cooling jet. The influences of these different vortex structures are described as they affect and alter the thermal performance of effusion cooling, impingement cooling, and cross flow cooling, as applied to a double wall configuration.
Tandem repeats drive variation of intrinsically disordered regions in budding yeast

Copy-number variation in tandem repeat coding regions is more prevalent in eukaryotic genomes than current literature suggests. We have reexamined the genomes of nearly 100 yeast strains looking to map regions of repeat variation. From this analysis we have identified that length variation is highly correlated to intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). Furthermore, the majority of length variation is associated with tandem repeats. These repetitive regions are rich in homopolymeric amino acid sequences but nearly half of the variation comes from longer-repeating motifs. Comparisons of repeat copy number and sequence between strains of budding yeast as well as closely related fungi suggest selection for and conservation of IDR-related tandem repeats. In some instances, repeat variation has been demonstrated to mediate binding affinity, aggregation, and protein stability. With this analysis, we can identify proteins for which repeat variation may play conserved roles in modulating protein function.