cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Systematic identification of mitotic phosphoproteins.

Abstract Background: Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are thought to initiate and coordinate cell division processes by sequentially phosphorylating key targets; in most cases these substrates remain unidentified. Results: Using a screen that scores for phosphorylation of proteins, which were translated from pools of cDNA plasmids in vitro , by either phosphoepitope antibody recognition or electrophoretic mobility shifts, we have identified 20 mitotically phosphorylated proteins from Xenopus embryos, 15 of which have sequence similarity to other proteins. Of these proteins, five have previously been shown to be phosphorylated during mitosis (epithelial-microtubule associated protein-115, Oct91, Elongation factor 1 γ , BRG1 and Ribosomal protein L18A), five are related to proteins postulated to have roles in mitosis (epithelial-microtubule associated protein-115, Schizosaccharomyces pombe Cdc5, innercentrosome protein, BRG1 and the RNA helicase WM6), and nine are related to transcription factors (BRG1, negative co-factor 2 α , Oct91, S. pombe Cdc5, HoxD1, Sox3, Vent2, and two isoforms of Xbr1b). Of 16 substrates tested, 14 can be directly phosphorylated in vitro by the mitotic CDK, cyclin B–Cdc2, although three of these may be physiological substrates of other kinases activated during mitosis. Conclusions: Examination of this broad set of mitotic phosphoproteins has allowed us to draw three conclusions about how the activation of CDKs regulates cell-cycle events. First, Cdc2 itself appears to directly phosphorylate most of the mitotic phosphoproteins. Second, during mitosis most of the substrates are phosphorylated more than once and a number may be targets of multiple kinases, suggesting combinatorial regulation. Third, the large fraction of mitotic phosphoproteins that are presumptive transcription factors, two of which have been previously shown to dissociate from DNA during mitosis, suggests that an important function of mitotic phosphorylation is to strip the chromatin of proteins associated with gene expression.
Enhancement of Polarization Rotation in Azobenzene Films

We observed enhancement of photoinduced polarization rotation, as much as 24°, when the input laser beam propagates through azobenzene doped polymer thin films that were placed in tandem.
The Metaphysical Foundation of Logic

In the philosophy of modality there are three positions concerning the relation between the set of metaphysically necessary truths and the set of logically necessary truths. Modal Monism (MM), states that the set of metaphysically necessary truths is identical to the set of logically necessary truths. (MM) has been advocated by Chalmers (1999). Modal Pluralism (MP), states that the set of metaphysically necessary truths is a proper subset of the set of logically necessary truths. (MP) has been advocated by Salmon (1989). Metaphysical Determinism (MD), states that the set of logically necessary truths is in part determined by metaphysical truths and necessities. (MD) has recently been gestured at by Lowe (1998), and Shalkowski (2004). In what follows, I want to offer an argument and some considerations in favor of the conclusion that logically necessity is in part determined by metaphysical truths and necessities. The argument below concerns what can be appealed to in judging or choosing which formalization of logic is correct.
Analog fiber optic links: progress and prospects

There have been significant improvements in the performance of fiber-optic links over the last four years. We concentrate here on the improvements that DFB lasers have made to directly modulated links and that non-quadrature modulator bias brings to externally modulated links.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A Fragile Coalition: University and High School

(1981). A Fragile Coalition: University and High School. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 55, No. 3, pp. 113-118.
RELIABILITY AND RADIATION HARDNESS OF COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS

A thorough understanding of reliability and radiation hardness is required in order to use compound semiconductors in space, or in other environments involving radiation and/or extended temperature operation. This paper discusses those issues for several types of compound semiconductors that are of interest for high-performance applications.
N=2, 4 supersymmetric gauge field theory in two-time physics

In the context of two-time physics in $4+2$ dimensions we construct the most general $N=2$, 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills gauge theories for any gauge group G. This builds on our previous work for $N=1$ supersymmetry (SUSY). The action, the conserved SUSY currents, and the SU(N) covariant SUSY transformation laws are presented for both $N=2$ and $N=4$. When the equations of motion are used the SUSY transformations close to the supergroup $\mathrm{SU}(2,2|N)$ with $N=1$, 2, 4. The $\mathrm{SU}(2,2)=\mathrm{SO}(4,2)$ subsymmetry is realized linearly on $4+2$ dimensional flat spacetime. All fields, including vectors and spinors, are in $4+2$ dimensions. The extra gauge symmetries in 2T field theory, together with the kinematic constraints that follow from the action, remove all the ghosts to give a unitary theory. By choosing gauges and solving the kinematic equations, the 2T field theory in $4+2$ flat spacetime can be reduced to various shadows in various $3+1$ dimensional (generally curved) spacetimes. These shadows are related to each other by dualities. The conformal shadows of our theories in flat $3+1$ dimensions coincide with the well known counterpart $N=1$, 2, 4 supersymmetric massless renormalizable field theories in $3+1$ dimensions. It is expected that our more symmetric new structures in $4+2$ spacetime may be useful for nonperturbative or exact solutions of these theories.
Theory, Simulation, and Hardware: Lab Design for an Integrated System Dynamics Education

This article describes a series of experimental and simulation laboratory sessions that are designed to support a system dynamics course. A novel hardware setup is used in different configurations throughout the eight-lab sequence. The labs incrementally build upon themselves and culminate in the final lab with the stabilization of a coupled dynamic system. The labs augment the fundamental theory taught in class with hands-on experience using hardware and software simulations. We find that the labs that most effectively create and resolve tension between the results of physical experiments, simulation, and theory yield the most satisfying and effective lab sessions. The absence of any one of these three elements diminishes the educational value of the course. End-of-quarter lab surveys are used to quantify our findings.
Preweaning Cocaine Administration Alters the Adult Response to Quipazine: Comparison with Fluoxetine

This study investigated whether exposure to cocaine during the preweaning period affects the behavioral response to administration of a challenge dose of quipazine, a relatively nonselective serotonin (5-HT) mixed agonist/antagonist, in adulthood. To determine whether selective inhibition of the 5-HT transporter during the preweaning period would produce a cocaine-like pattern of effects, another group of rats was given fluoxetine, a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the 5-HT transporter, and was tested along with the cocaine-treated rats. Male and female rats received 25 mg/kg cocaine HCl (82.5 mumol/kg), 25 mg/kg fluoxetine HCl (72.3 mumol/kg), or vehicle subcutaneous (s.c.) during postnatal days 11-20. Both treatments reduced weight gain during the injection period only. At 60 days of age, subjects were administered a single dose of quipazine (0, 0.4, or 1.0 mg/kg, s.c.) and placed in the Accuscan activity monitor for 1 h of behavioral recording. Overall, distance traveled, vertical activity, and time in the center of the chamber decreased during the initial time blocks of the session and vertical activity decreased with increasing doses of quipazine. Females in general showed greater overall activity levels than males as well as greater responsivity to quipazine. Preweaning cocaine exposure produced different effects in males and females. In males, cocaine enhanced the response to quipazine for vertical activity whereas it had no effect on quipazine-induced alterations on the other two behaviors. On the other hand, cocaine-treated females showed dampened dose-related quipazine responses across all behavioral measures. Fluoxetine administration produced a dampening of the quipazine effect for vertical activity and distance traveled in males and females. Therefore, these data indicate that cocaine administration during the preweaning period of development produced an increase in the effect of a serotonergic drug to alter vertical activity in males and a global dampening of the behavioral responses to that same drug in females. Preweaning fluoxetine treatment produced effects that resembled those produced by cocaine in females, a dampening of serotonergic responsivity, along with an overall decrease in locomotor activity. Because the majority of effects are seen during the initial portion of the behavioral session, a time of heightened activity in response to a novel environment, the data suggest that inhibition of the 5-HT transporter during the preweaning period alters serotonergic influences over novelty-induced activity but that brief periods of inhibition or other actions of cocaine, such as those at the catecholamine transporters, prevent this from happening, particularly in males.
The magnetic and structural properties of R-Ti-Fe ternary compounds

The magnetic and structural properties of RTiFe ternary alloy system were investigated. It was found that the alloy includes a new compound having the ratio of R to Ti to Fe of 1:1:10 and tetragonal structure. The SmTiFe 10 compound has a high saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy. It was also found that the same compound takes place in Sm-Ti-Co system.
Microscopic origin of macroscopic wetting

Abstract Two asymptotic angles should be associated with a liquid droplet in equilibrium on a solid surface: the macroscopic wetting angle θ at a scale large compared to the size of a molecule and the microscopic angle θ0 at the leading edge. When a short-range repulsion is acting near the leading edge, θ0>θ, while when a short-range attraction is present, θ0 1 but |cos θ0|
Intracranial Infantile Myofibromatosis with Intraparenchymal Involvement

Infantile myofibromatosis is the most common fibrous disorder of infancy and early childhood. Intracranial involvement is rare, with the majority of lesions being localized to the skull or dura with variable intracranial extension. We present the case of a 19-month-old girl with infantile myofibromatosis and an incidentally discovered, enlarging, calcified, posterior fossa mass. The patient underwent suboccipital craniotomy and resection of the lesion. This is the first report of the surgical removal of an intraparenchymal infantile myofibroma.
Therapeutic Embolization for Delayed Rectal Hemorrhage Following Episiotomy: A Case Report

A case of severe, delayed rectal bleeding following an episiotomy was treated with selective pelvic arteriography and embolization after surgery failed to con trol the hemorrhage.
Intermetallic Studies and Bonding Concepts

This essay for EurJIC's cluster issue on polar intermetallics, clusters and cluster complexes introduces the reader to the difficulties in finding new and novel intermetallics among a wide variety of possibilities, inasmuch as most of the elements of the periodic table are metals. Like metal atoms may form naked clusters or be differently charged, such as Zintl cations or polyanions. Discrete clusters may also be incorporated as building blocks in polar intermetallics or be condensed into infinite one-, two-, or three-dimensional arrays. In all cases, it is important to explore the unknown before (physical) properties can be measured and applications come into view.
Damage buildup and removal in Ca-ion-implanted GaN

Ca has been considered as a promising shallow acceptor in GaN and was chosen as a dopant for ion implantation with energy of 180 keV at room temperature. The as-implanted GaN films were characterized by Rutherford backscattering channeling, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution X-ray diffraction, and compared with an unimplanted film as well as implanted samples subsequently annealed at 1150 °C for 15 s. The quantitative dependence of the damage buildup and its removal on the implantation dose has been determined. Lattice expansion that depends on dose and substrate temperature has been found. An initial amorphous component arises at a dose of 8×1014 cm-2. Implantation with higher doses causes unrecoverable damage that deteriorates the electrical properties. The possibilities to realize effective p-type doping by ion implantation are discussed.
Palatal graft in preprosthetic surgery

S ince Esser’ introduced the vestibular inlay skin grafting technique in 1917, surgeons have attempted to restore compromised denture function by improving the quality or the quantity of supporting bone and soft tissues. Kazanjian2 described a vestibuloplasty in which the interior of the lip was maintained by surgically relocating alveolar mucosa. Healing progressed by periosteal granulation and formation of scar tissue. This resulted in a 50 to 75 per cent loss of sulcus depth. Godwin recommended a submucosal reflection of denture-bearing mucosa with surgical relocation of the periosteum and resurfacing of the mandible with the reflected denture-bearing mucosa. Trauner“ advocated lowering the floor of the mouth and relocating the mylohyoid muscle attachment through a supraperiosteal dissection. Cooley5 advocated a similar technique for vestibular extension by performing a submucosal resection and a surgical repositioning of the periosteum, with the resurfacing of the exposed lingual surface of the mandible with the mucosa. This technique required the use of a surgical stent for relocation and retention of the mucosa. Clark6 alleged that granulating connective-tissue surfaces contracted steadily and were the most common cause for the loss of vestibular depth after preprosthetic surgery. He advocated a surgical procedure which left denuded connective tissue only in areas overlying bone, with relocation of epithelial flaps to create the vestibule. Caldwell advocated a subperiosteal procedure to smooth the sharp mylohyoid ridge and remove the mylohyoid from its attachment to the mandible. Lingual mucosa was sutured along the crest of the ridge. The mylohyoid was then relocated inferiorly. Krugels reviewed the theories and techniques for ridge extension in the maxilla and mandible. Obwegese?’ advocated sub-
Dependence of Plate-Bending Finite Element Deflections and Eigenvalues on Poisson's Ratio

only transverse shear and in the analysis the flexural rigidities of the face sheets about their own midplanes have been included. Results for co/o>0 were again computed by omitting the effect of the rotary inertia from the governing differential equations. These results can be generated by redefining the four coefficients A5, A6, A8, and A9 in Eqs. (7) and then computing the roots of Eq. (14) again. For lower frequencies, the values obtained for o)/co0 by dropping the rotary inertia terms and the corresponding values shown in Fig. 2 are essentially the same. This conclusion is in agreement with the one for rectangular sandwich plates and for homogeneous circular plates. Rotary inertia terms would, however, play significant role for higher modes. Figure 3 shows modal shapes for first three modes for which the frequency distribution is given in Fig. 2.
The impact of leader turnover on the onset and the resolution of WTO disputes

When national leaders are replaced, the incoming leader often represents different interests to those of his predecessor. Such shifts in national priorities affect both the onset of WTO disputes and the resolution of ongoing disputes. In particular, leader turnover increases the likelihood that a nation will be involved in a WTO dispute as either plaintiff or defendant, and, if a dispute is ongoing, then leader change in a defendant state increases the likelihood of significant concessions by the defendant. The impact of leader change on both the initiation and settlement of disputes is greater in non-democratic states than democratic states.
Novel method for transdiaphragmatic pressure measurements in mice.

Abstract The diaphragm muscle (DIAm) is responsible for breathing and determines the ability to generate both ventilatory and non-ventilatory behaviors. Size limitations of the mouse make transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) measurement using a dual balloon system untenable. Adult C57BL/6J mice ( n = 8) and C57BL/6 × 129 ( n = 9), underwent Pdi measurements using solid-state pressure catheters spanning the thoracic and abdominal surfaces of the DIAm. Measurements were conducted during eupnea, hypoxia (10% O 2 )–hypercapnia (5% CO 2 ), chemical airway stimulation (i.e., sneezing), spontaneously occurring deep breaths, sustained tracheal occlusion, and bilateral phrenic nerve stimulation. There was a difference in the Pdi generated across the range of ventilatory and non-ventilatory behaviors ( p = 0.001). No difference in Pdi across behaviors was evident between mouse strains ( p = 0.161). This study establishes a novel method to determine Pdi across a range of DIAm behaviors in mice that may be useful in evaluating conditions associated with reduced ability to perform expulsive, non-ventilatory behaviors.
The Friend of My Enemy: Lessons from American and Soviet Responses to Cuban Revolutionary Terrorism

How can states that are the targets of terrorism best persuade sponsors to cease? Case studies comparing American and Soviet responses to Cuban sponsorship of terrorism support the hypothesis that states sponsor terrorism because they are motivated for conflict but constrained against it, and because they lack accountability. To hold sponsor states accountable, target states must have knowledge, capability to sanction, a clear commitment, and credibility. Because sponsor states have few ties with their targets, they are less vulnerable to the sanctions of target states. Target states thus may wish to develop stronger relationships with the peers of sponsor states.
Decreased MEG beta oscillations in HIV-infected older adults during the resting state.

The introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy significantly reduced the prevalence of the most severe form of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND). Despite this decline, 35–70 % of HIV-infected patients continue to develop mild motor and cognitive impairments. Although neuropsychological studies have shown that HAND affects a wide array of cognitive functions, a formal diagnosis is still based on the exclusion of opportunistic infections and other common ailments, as no specific tests or biomarkers are currently available. In this study, we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to measure neural activity during the resting-state in 15 HIV-infected older patients and a demographically matched group of 15 uninfected controls. MEG is a noninvasive and direct measure of neural activity with excellent spatiotemporal resolution. All MEG data were coregistered to structural magnetic resonance images, corrected for head motion, fitted to a regional-level source model, and subjected to spectral analyses to quantify population-level neural oscillatory activity. We found that HIV-infected persons exhibited decreased beta oscillations in the supplementary motor area bilaterally, paracentral lobule, posterior cingulate, and bilateral regions of the superior parietal lobule relative to healthy controls. Beta oscillations in the posterior cingulate, a critical component of the default mode network, were also positively correlated with patient scores on the memory recall aspect of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised. These results demonstrate that chronic HIV infection does not uniformly disturb cortical function, and that neuronal populations in dorsomedial motor and parietal cortices are especially affected. These findings also suggest that resting-state MEG recordings may hold significant promise as a functional biomarker for identifying HAND and monitoring disease progression.
[FeFe]-Hydrogenase Oxygen Inactivation Is Initiated at the H Cluster 2Fe Subcluster

The [FeFe]-hydrogenase catalytic site H cluster is a complex iron sulfur cofactor that is sensitive to oxygen (O2). The O2 sensitivity is a significant barrier for production of hydrogen as an energy source in water-splitting, oxygenic systems. Oxygen reacts directly with the H cluster, which results in rapid enzyme inactivation and eventual degradation. To investigate the progression of O2-dependent [FeFe]-hydrogenase inactivation and the process of H cluster degradation, the highly O2-sensitive [FeFe]-hydrogenase HydA1 from the green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was exposed to defined concentrations of O2 while monitoring the loss of activity and accompanying changes in H cluster spectroscopic properties. The results indicate that H cluster degradation proceeds through a series of reactions, the extent of which depend on the initial enzyme reduction/oxidation state. The degradation process begins with O2 interacting and reacting with the 2Fe subcluster, leading to degradation of the 2Fe subcluster an...
Glauconitic mica in the Morrison formation in Colorado

Glauconitic mica occurs as interstitial clay in a bed of fine-grained sandstone, 15 feet thick, in the upper part of the Brushy Basin shale member of the Morrison formation of Late Jurassic age on Blue and Lone Tree Mesas near Uravan, Montrose County, Colorado. This glauconitic mica, similar to other material ordinarily called glauconite, is interesting because the Morrison formation is generally regarded as nonmarine in origin, whereas glauconite commonly forms in a marine environment.
Evolution and Dispersal of the Early Permian Fusulinid Genera Pseudoschwagerina and Paraschwagerina: ABSTRACT

Two genera of fusulinids, Pseudoschwagerina and Paraschwagerina, long recognized as stratigraphic guides to Lower Permian beds, contain more than 100 species which can be grouped according to their morphological similarities and differences into twelve phylogenetic lineages. The primitive species complexes that initiated these lineages began near the beginning of the Permian in the Western Hemisphere. Their widespread migration and subsequent restriction led to the evolution of more advanced lineages of which several had times of widespread, but commonly brief, distribution. The most primitive pseudo-schwagerinid complex, the Pseudoschwagerina beedei complex, arose from inflated Triticites ancestors probably in the Andean geosyncline. This complex gave rise to the P. uddeni complex, which attained both Eurasian and Western Hemisphere distribution, and the P. d'orbignyi complex which is known from South America and southern Europe. The P. heritschi, P. carniolica, and P. miharanoensis complexes are largely restricted to Eurasia or to small areas of the Eurasian fusulinid province. The ancestors of each of these three complexes are poorly known but they apparently arose from advanced species in the P. uddeni lineage. Both the P. yabei and P. stanislavi lineages appeared very late in the evolution of the genus. The P. yabei complex ranges into strata of Leon rdian age in southern Europe and Asia and the P. stanislavi complex occurs in strata of Leonardian age in Eurasia and North America. The most primitive paraschwagerinid species complex, the Paraschwagerina gigantea complex, is apparently related to the genus Schwagerina but its ancestry is not well known and species of Schwagerina that would form typical ancestors for Paraschwagerina did not evolve until Paraschwagerina itself was nearly extinct. Of the younger and more advanced complexes, the P. plena End_Page 367------------------------------ complex is restricted to western North America and the P. roveloi and P. endoi complexes are known from both North America and Asia. End_of_Article - Last_Page 368------------
Study of agglutinins to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli in horses

Horses at a veterinary teaching hospital and a slaughterhouse were surveyed for antibodies to Brucella abortus, B canis and Actinobacillus equuli. Four of the 141 hospitalised horses and none of the 73 slaughtered horses had titres of 1:100 or greater to B abortus. Six horses of both populations reacted to the card test. One was culture positive. A card test using B canis antigen was positive in 38 per cent of the sera from hospitalised horses and all of the slaughtered horses. Twenty (27.4 per cent) of the latter group had high tires in a tube agglutination test. High titres could not be reduced by 2-mercaptoethanol serum treatment. The titres appeared to be associated with advanced age but not to sex. Adsorption of sera with B canis did not affect titres to A equuli but the reverse was true.
Oral administration of dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS) increases in vitro lymphocyte function and improves in vivo response of pigs to immunization against keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and ovalbumin.

The present study tested the hypothesis that the oral administration of DHEAS enhances the in vitro and the in vivo immune response of young pigs. Crossbred, female pigs (80 days of age; 49 ± 2 kg) were separated into two treatment groups (n = 4/treatment) receiving either 0 mg/kg (control) or 1 mg/kg DHEAS twice daily (DHEAS) for 5 weeks. On day 7 pigs were immunized against KLH and ovalbumin. Body weight increased weekly throughout the study but did not differ between treatment groups. While white blood cell counts increased in response to immunization but did not differ between treatments, the neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio was enhanced (P < 0.05) in DHEAS-supplemented pigs. Concanavalin A (ConA) induced an in vitro dose-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in lymphocyte proliferation, but treatment did not affect proliferation prior to immunization. However, lymphocytes isolated from DHEAS-supplemented pigs displayed a greater increase in proliferation following immunization relative to control pigs (P < 0.05). Dexamethasone (DEX) attenuated ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation, with DHEAS-supplemented pigs retaining a greater proliferative response relative to control pigs (P < 0.05). Serum IgG concentrations and relative concentrations of antigen-specific IgG increased after immunization with maximum values attained at 21 and 28 days for control and DHEAS-supplemented pigs, respectively. The DHEAS-supplemented pigs had greater (P < 0.05) concentrations of IgG and relative concentrations of antigen-specific IgG compared to control pigs. Collectively these data suggest DHEAS supplementation increases the responsiveness of young pigs to antigenic challenge, and may be beneficial for improving their immune function.
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of glutamyl-/ prolyl-tRNA synthetase within the eukaryotic multisynthetase complex.

Abstract A high molecular mass complex of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases is readily isolated from a variety of eukaryotes. Although its composition is well characterized, knowledge of its structure and organization is still quite limited. This study uses antibodies directed against prolyl-tRNA synthetase for immunoelectron microscopic localization of the bifunctional glutamyl-/prolyl-tRNA synthetase. This is the first visualization of a specific site within the multisynthetase complex. Images of immunocomplexes are presented in the characteristic views of negatively stained multisynthetase complex from rabbit reticulocytes. As described in terms of a three domain working model of the structure, in “front” views of the particle and “intermediate” views, the primary antibody binding site is near the intersection between the “base” and one “arm.” In “side” views, where the particle is rotated about its long axis, the binding site is near the midpoint. “Top” and “bottom” views, which appear as square projections, are also consistent with the central location of the binding site. These data place the glutamyl-/prolyl-tRNA synthetase polypeptide in a defined area of the particle, which encompasses portions of two domains, yet is consistent with the previous structural model.
Water-Soluble Organometallic Compounds. 7.1 Further Studies of 1,3,5-Triaza-7-Phosphaadamantane Derivatives of Group 10 Metals, Including Metal Carbonyls and Hydrides

The syntheses of Ni(PTA)4 (5), Pd(PTA)4 (6), and Pt(PTA)4 (8) are accomplished through the reduction of the MIICl2 salts in water with excess 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane (PTA). The products ar...
A new way to access a supercomputer

One of the frustrations of being a user in the computing world is that there are so many different types of systems to learn. This is especially true for users of NCAR's computing facilities, most of whom are at various universities around the country. Typically, the university users do most of their computing on their local systems. When they need extra computing power, they are able to easily access the NCAR computing facilities without logging on to another machine. This is due to the Internet Remote Job Entry (IRJE); a facility that provides a method for NCAR supercomputer users at remote sites to submit jobs easily and directly from their local hosts, and get the results delivered back to their local hosts.
Preparation of iodoallylic alcohols via hydrostannylation: spectroscopic proof of structures

Abstract Hydrostannylation of propargylic alcohols and ethers affords either the E- or Z-β-tributylstannylallylic alcohols and ether as the major products by the use of excess stannane or acetylenic compound, respectively; europium shift studies in the high field 1 H NMR spectra are used to establish the stereochemistry.
EBNA1 binding and epigenetic regulation of gastrokine tumor suppressor genes in gastric carcinoma cells

Background Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) latently infects ~10% of gastric carcinomas (GC). Epstein-Barr Nuclear Antigen 1 (EBNA1) is expressed in EBV-associated GC, and can bind host DNA, where it may impact cellular gene regulation. Here, we show that EBNA1 binds directly to DNA upstream of the divergently transcribed GC-specific tumor suppressor genes gastrokine 1 (GKN1) and gastrokine 2 (GKN2).
Exercise dosing to retain resistance training adaptations in young and older adults.

Resistance training (RT) is a proven sarcopenia countermeasure with a high degree of potency. However, sustainability remains a major issue that could limit the appeal of RT as a therapeutic approach without well-defined dosing requirements to maintain gains. Purpose: To test the efficacy of two maintenance prescriptions on muscle mass, myofiber size and type distribution, and strength. We hypothesized the minimum dose required to maintain RT-induced adaptations would be greater in the old (60-75 yr) versus young (20-35 yr). Methods: Seventy adults participated in a two-phase exercise trial that consisted of RT 3 d·wk-1 for 16 wk (phase 1) followed by a 32-wk period (phase 2) with random assignment to detraining or one of two maintenance prescriptions (reducing the dose to one-third or one-ninth of that during phase 1). Results: Phase 1 resulted in expected gains in strength, myofiber size, and muscle mass along with the typical IIx-to-IIa shift in myofiber-type distribution. Both maintenance prescriptions preserved phase 1 muscle hypertrophy in the young but not the old. In fact, the one-third maintenance dose led to additional myofiber hypertrophy in the young. In both age groups, detraining reversed the phase 1 IIx-to-IIa myofiber-type shift, whereas a dose response was evident during maintenance training with the one-third dose better maintaining the shift. Strength gained during phase 1 was largely retained throughout detraining with only a slight reduction at the final time point. Conclusions: We conclude that older adults require a higher dose of weekly loading than the young to maintain myofiber hypertrophy attained during a progressive RT program, yet gains in specific strength among older adults were well preserved and remained at or above levels of the untrained young.
The photolysis of 1-benzyloxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole

1-Benzyloxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole was photolyzed and found to yield benzaldehyde and azobenzene as the principal products.
Na+ transport by rabbit urinary bladder, a tight epithelium

By in vitro experiments on rabbit bladder, we reassessed the traditional view that mammalian urinary bladder lacks ion transport mechanisms. Since the ratio of actual-to-nominal membrane area in folded epithelia is variable and hard to estimate, we normalized membrane properties to apical membrane capacitance rather than to nominal area (probably 1 μF ∼ 1 cm2 actual area). A new mounting technique that virtually eliminates edge damage yielded resistances up to 78,000 ΩμF for rabbit bladder, and resistances for amphibian skin and bladder much higher than those usually reported. This technique made it possible to observe a transport-related conductance pathway, and a close correlation between transepithelial conductance (G) and short-circuit current (I sc) in these tight epithelia.G andI sc were increased by mucosal (Na+) [I sc∼0 when (Na+)∼0], aldosterone, serosal (HCO 3 − ) and high mucosal (H+); were decreased by amiloride, mucosal (Ca++), ouabain, metabolic inhibitors and serosal (H+); and were unaffected by (Cl−) and little affected by antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Physiological variation in the rabbits' dietary Na+ intake caused variations in bladderG andI sc similar to those caused by the expectedin vivo changes in aldosterone levels. The relation betweenG andI sc was the same whether defined by diet changes, natural variation among individual rabbits, or most of the above agents. A method was developed for separately resolving conductances of junctions, basolateral cell membrane, and apical cell membrane from thisG−I sc relation. Net Na+ flux equalledI sc. Net Cl− flux was zero on short circuit and equalled only 25% of net Na+ flux in open circuit. Bladder membrane fragments contained a Na+−K+-activated, ouabain-inhibited ATPase. The physiological significance of Na+ absorption against steep gradients in rabbit bladder may be to maintain kidney-generated ion gradients during bladder storage of urine, especially when the animal is Na+-depleted.
On the possibility of water regeneration of unimpregnated activated carbons used as hydrogen sulfide adsorbents

A bituminous coal and a coconut shell activated carbon were oxidized using nitric acid under conditions chosen to preserve their pore structures. The surface chemistry of the carbons was characterized using Boehm titration and thermal analysis. The carbons were then used as hydrogen sulfide adsorbents. The exhausted carbons were washed in order to remove the products of oxidation. The changes in the porous structure, surface pH, total sulfur content, and speciation of sulfur compounds were evaluated using sorption of nitrogen, thermal analysis, acid−base titrations, and ion chromatography. It was found that the presence of a trace amount of carbonates in coal-based carbon dramatically affects the mechanism of hydrogen sulfide immobilization. As a result of this, unreactive, insoluble, and bulky sulfur polymer which hinders the wash out of the deposits is formed. On the other hand, moderately oxidized samples, despite their lower H2S removal capacity, favor the formation of soluble sulfur oxides which are ...
GENDER, CLASS, FAMILY, AND MIGRATION Puerto Rican Women in Chicago

Using in-depth interviews with women in the Puerto Rican community of Chicago, this article explores how migration emerged as a strategy for families across class backgrounds and how gender relations within the family mediate the migration of married working-class and middle-class Puerto Rican women. The women who followed their husbands to Chicago participated in another form of labor migration, since some wives joined their husbands in the paid economy and those who did not contributed with the reproductive work that supported their husbands and families. This article also explores how Puerto Rican women confront the basic duality of reproductive and productive work.
Cation-π Interactions in Chemistry and Biology: A New View of Benzene, Phe, Tyr, and Trp

Cations bind to the π face of an aromatic structure through a surprisingly strong, noncovalent force termed the cation-π interaction. The magnitude and generality of the effect have been established by gas-phase measurements and by studies of model receptors in aqueous media. To first order, the interaction can be considered an electrostatic attraction between a positive charge and the quadrupole moment of the aromatic. A great deal of direct and circumstantial evidence indicates that cation-π interactions are important in a variety of proteins that bind cationic ligands or substrates. In this context, the amino acids phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), and tryptophan (Trp) can be viewed as polar, yet hydrophobic, residues.
Predation on Colorado Potato Beetle Eggs by Generalist Predators in Research and Commercial Potato Plantings

Abstract Field studies quantified predation on Colorado potato beetle [ Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say)] eggs and determined the relationship between predation and egg mass abundance in research and commercial potato plantings in eastern North Carolina. Predator exclusion experiments were conducted weekly in research plantings. In addition, egg mass density and predation on egg masses were monitored throughout the season in research plots and commercial potato fields. Predation was an important source of mortality for Colorado potato beetle eggs. Survivorship of eggs exposed to predators was consistently, significantly lower than survivorship of eggs protected from predation. Averaged over 2 years, the mean survivorship of eggs protected from predation was 69%, compared with 26% survivorship of eggs exposed to predation. Regression analysis failed to detect any relationship between egg mortality due to predation and egg abundance. These results imply that efforts to reduce Colorado potato beetle populations selectively will not be offset by an according decline in abundance of natural enemies and therefore should be fully compatible with naturally occurring biological control.
Management of the political imperative in international business

In this paper we develop a framework for analyzing the political imperative. We argue that the effects of the political imperative on the firm will be a function of industry structure. Strategies that management employs in coping with the political imperative are a function of its impact on the firm and the firm's strategic predisposition. We also speculate on why strategic predisposition may lead firms to employ strategies that are not responsive to the demands of the political imperative.
Development of Novel Biodegradable Polymeric Nanoparticles-in-Microsphere Formulation for Local Plasmid DNA Delivery in the Gastrointestinal Tract

There is a critical need for development of novel delivery systems to facilitate the translation of nucleic acid-based macromolecules into clinically-viable therapies. The aim of this investigation was to develop and evaluate a novel nanoparticles-in-microsphere oral system (NiMOS) for gene delivery and transfection in specific regions of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Plasmid DNA, encoding for the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP-N1), was encapsulated in type B gelatin nanoparticles. NiMOS were prepared by further protecting the DNA-loaded nanoparticles in a poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) matrix to form microspheres of less than 5.0 μm in diameter. In order to evaluate the biodistribution following oral administration, radiolabeled (111In-labeled) gelatin nanoparticles and NiMOS were administered orally to fasted Balb/C mice. The results of biodistribution studies showed that, while gelatin nanoparticles traversed through the GI tract fairly quickly with more than 54% of the administered dose per gram localizing in the large intestine at the end of 2 h, NiMOS resided in the stomach and small intestine for relatively longer duration. Following oral administration of EGFP-N1 plasmid DNA at 100 μg dose in the control and test formulations, the quantitative and qualitative results presented in this study provide the necessary evidence for transfection potential of NiMOS upon oral administration. After 5 days post-administration, transgene expression in the small and large intestine of mice was observed. Based on these results, NiMOS show significant potential as novel gene delivery vehicle for therapeutic and vaccination purposes.
Geo-neutrino flux calculation

Observation of terrestrial antineutrinos provides information on the origin, composition, and thermal evolution of the earth. Comparing the measured flux of terrestrial antineutrinos with the modeled flux constrains the quantity and distribution of uranium and thorium, the main heat-producing elements within the earth. Because the flux is dominated by nearby crustal material, detailed studies of the local geology are essential to a refined understanding of the bulk earth. This contribution outlines the calculation of the terrestrial antineutrino flux.
Transmission of whole body vibration in children while standing

Abstract Background Whole body vibration has recently been used as a therapeutic intervention for the treatment of children with disabling conditions. Researchers of these studies observed encouraging results; however, children may not be capable of attenuating high vibration accelerations to the head because of low mass. The purpose of this study was to determine if children transmit vibration differently than adults while standing on a vibration platform. Methods The experimental protocol required 11 children and 10 adults to stand on a commercially available vibration platform at progressively greater frequencies (28, 33, and 42 Hz). Transmissibility of vibration to various skeletal landmarks was assessed with a high speed motion analysis system. Findings Transmissibility in children was 42% and 62% greater than adults for the ankle and hip, respectively (P = 0.03; effect size = 0.84–1.29). The values at the head were not different between groups (P = 0.92) and remained 86% and 50% lower than values at the ankle and knee, respectively (effect size = 4.75–19.1). Interpretation Transmissibility of whole body vibration while standing is not markedly different between children and adults. In fact, the only differences are the transmissibility to the ankle and hip which are greater in children when the vibration platform is set at 33 Hz. More importantly, transmissibility to the head is not different between groups. These results do not suggest vibration therapy is safe as the biological response of children to acute or chronic acceleration impacts during whole body vibration is unknown.
Extended sequential reasoning for data-race-free programs

Most multithreaded programming languages prohibit or discourage data races. By avoiding data races, we are guaranteed that variables accessed within a synchronization-free code region cannot be modified by other threads, allowing us to reason about such code regions as though they were single-threaded. However, such single-threaded reasoning is not limited to synchronization-free regions. We present a simple characterization of extended interference-free regions in which variables cannot be modified by other threads.This characterization shows that, in the absence of data races, important code analysis problems often have surprisingly easy answers. For instance, we can use local analysis to determine when lock and unlock calls refer to the same mutex. Our characterization can be derived from prior work on safe compiler transformations, but it can also be simply derived from first principles, and justified in a very broad context. In addition, systematic reasoning about overlapping interference-free regions yields insight about optimization opportunities that were not previously apparent.We give preliminary results for a prototype implementation of interference-free regions in the LLVM compiler infrastructure. We also discuss other potential applications for interference-free regions.
Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: assessing the diurnal variation of blood pressure.

The purposes of this paper are to examine the effects of activity, situation of measurement, mood, and occupation on the daily variation of blood pressure and to discuss the potential utility of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in physical anthropological studies. The subjects of the blood pressure variability study are 125 men who were referred to the Hypertension Center at New York Hospital--Cornell Medical Center for evaluation of hypertension. There were 1,386 blood pressure measurements from these subjects available for study, which were taken using noninvasive ambulatory blood pressure monitoring techniques. Pressures were transformed to z scores using the subject's daily mean pressure and standard deviation to assess the relative elevation during the experience of the various factors. The results show that activity and mood are the most significant sources of blood pressure variation (P less than .005) and are additive. Occupation, which may be an indicator of social class in this population, also modified the mood effects. Because ambulatory blood pressure monitors obtain many readings over a day under a variety of circumstances, their use can improve epidemiological and human biological studies of the inheritance and variability of blood pressure. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring is an important new tool in the study of human biological variation.
AB crosslinked polymer latexes via concentrated emulsion polymerization

Abstract A series of polycaprolactone (PCL)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) AB crosslinked polymers (ABCP) in the form of latexes were prepared via the concentrated emulsion polymerization method. PCL diols were first reacted with acryloyl chloride in toluene to form a solution of vinyl-terminated PCL. Dissolving the methyl methacrylate monomer and a suitable initiator in this solution, the solution was employed to prepare a concentrated emulsion in water. After completing the polymerization of the concentrated emulsion, latexes of ABCP were obtained, which, depending on their composition, can be either elastomers or tough plastic materials. The toughness of PMMA is greatly improved in both cases. The effects of the PCL chain-length, composition and self-crosslinking of PCL on the mechanical properties were investigated.
Preliminary Investigations of a Low-Cost Ultrawideband Array Concept

A design concept is presented that achieves ultra wideband (UWB) array performance with significantly fewer elements than the traditional approach of using a single wideband antenna element type to fully populate the array. Starting from a conventional 8:1 bandwidth array design of a given aperture size, an array of equivalent aperture and bandwidth is created using scaled elements of three different sizes. This wavelength-scaled equivalent array has fewer than 18% of the original element count, i.e., roughly 6-times fewer elements, a similar reduction in weight, and most importantly, a significant reduction in electronics required to feed the array. If proven viable, array architectures of this type could make UWB arrays significantly more cost effective. In this preliminary numerical study, rigorous full-wave simulation tools are used to test the performance of small but informative wavelength-scaled array configurations of flared-notch radiators for the single-polarization case.