cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Helios: hyperscale indexing for the cloud & edge

Helios is a distributed, highly-scalable system used at Microsoft for flexible ingestion, indexing, and aggregation of large streams of real-time data that is designed to plug into relational engines. The system collects close to a quadrillion events indexing approximately 16 trillion search keys per day from hundreds of thousands of machines across tens of data centers around the world. Helios use cases within Microsoft include debugging/diagnostics in both public and government clouds, workload characterization, cluster health monitoring, deriving business insights and performing impact analysis of incidents in other large-scale systems such as Azure Data Lake and Cosmos. Helios also serves as a reference blueprint for other large-scale systems within Microsoft. We present the simple data model behind Helios, which offers great flexibility and control over costs, and enables the system to asynchronously index massive streams of data. We also present our experiences in building and operating Helios over the last five years at Microsoft.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Thromboembolic Disease: A Report of Three Patients With Pulmonary Embolism

Coagulopathy and thromboembolic disease, including pulmonary embolism (PE), are reported complications of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The mechanism is not fully understood. We present three patients with COVID-19 and concurrent PE.
A model exploring the relationship between nutrition knowledge, behavior, diabetes self-management and outcomes from the dining with diabetes program.

Abstract To examine the relationship between changes in participant's knowledge, beliefs, dietary behavior, diabetes self-management and program outcomes in West Virginia Dinning with Diabetes (DWD) program. We used a longitudinal pre-test and post-test study design and data from 2745 individuals with diabetes who participated from 2007 to 2012. The DWD was offered in community-based settings across the state as an educational program (five classes over a 3-month period). Associations between changes in the variables were examined by structural equation modeling using a path model in which changes in nutritional knowledge, beliefs and depression predicted changes in dietary behaviors and diabetes self-management which subsequently predicted program outcomes (e.g., follow-up with healthcare providers for diabetes care and education). Standardized regression weights are presented. Participant's mean age and duration of diabetes was 63 ± 11.5 and 7.2 ± 8.0 years, respectively. The majority were females, Whites and with less than high school education. Improvements in nutrition knowledge and belief predicted improvements in dietary behavior (β = 0.60, p
Probing the entire vascular system

Microscopic endovascular probes that navigate by blood flow and an external magnetic field may increase the capabilities of vascular catheterization.
Limits on the Mass of the Tau Neutrino from CLEO

A limit on the mass of the tau neutrino is derived from 4.5x10^6 tau pairs produced at a center of mass energy of 10.6 GeV. The measurement technique involves a two-dimensional extended likelihood analysis, including the dependence of the end-point population on the tau neutrino mass, and allows for the first time an explicit background contribution. We use the decays of the tau to five charged pions and a neutrino and to 3 charged pions, 2 neutral pions and a neutrino to obtain an upper limit of 30 MeV, as well as a preliminary limit of 31 MeV from the decay of a tau to 3 charged hadrons, a neutral pi and a neutrino.
Disciplinary practices among orphaned children in Sub-Saharan Africa.

OBJECTIVES This study considers whether orphans' experiences with physically and psychologically violent discipline differ from non-orphans in sub-Saharan Africa, and to what extent national, community, household, caretaker, and child characteristics explain those differences. METHODS We use cross-sectional Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) administered between 2010-2017 in 14 sub-Saharan African countries. The sample included 125,197 children, of which 2,937 were maternal orphans, 9,113 were paternal orphans, and 1,858 were double orphans. We estimate the difference between orphans and non-orphans experience of harsh discipline using multivariable logistic regressions with country fixed effects and clustered standard errors. RESULTS Findings show that orphaned children experience less harsh discipline in the home. With the exception of double orphans' experience with physically violent discipline, these differences persisted even after controlling for a rich set of child, household, and caretaker characteristics. CONCLUSIONS We propose two alternative explanations for our surprising findings and provide a supplementary analysis to help arbitrate between them. The evidence suggests that orphaned children (especially those with a deceased mother) are less likely to experience harsh discipline because of lower caretaker investment in their upbringing. We encourage future research to draw on in-depth interviews or household surveys with discipline data from multiple children in a home to further unpack why orphans tend to experience less harsh punishment than other children.
fMRI: Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent Contrast and Its Value for Understanding Functional Brain Networks

Within the context of understanding brain network dysfunction, functional MRI has become an increasingly important tool as it provides noninvasive, high-resolution, and high-speed assessment of human brain activation and connectivity. Because clinical MRI scanners equipped with fMRI capability are ubiquitous throughout the world – with at least one in most hospitals – its use has grown rapidly since its inception in the early 1990s. Over the years, fMRI has advanced in several regards. First, our understanding of the sources and characteristics of the signal as well as the artifacts has advanced, allowing us to draw more in-depth inferences with confidence. Second, modern processing methods have enabled inferences about subtle differences in connectivity and activity between groups as well as from individuals. Third, scanning hardware has grown in sophistication such that data quality worldwide has become uniformly high. While fMRI is still not making significant clinical inroads, it is well poised to do so in the very near future.
Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment

Francis Fukuyama, who teaches at Stanford, has written, in Identity, a highly accessible, compellingly written work. He argues that the “demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept...
Case Report:clinical experience of bilateral giant pediatric Testicular adrenal rest tumors with 3 Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 family history.

We reported a patient with Testicular adrenal rest tumors(TARTs) caused by congenital adrenal hyperplasia(CAH). TARTs occur frequently in CAH population with 21-hydroxylase deficiency(21-OHD). There are few reports of TARTs with 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency-2 (3β-2HSD).Furthermore,gaint TARTs are rarely mentioned in reported cases involving affected siblings. A 14-year-old male patient was admitted by congenital adrenal hyperplasia with progressively increasing bilateral testicular masses.The Patient and his elder brother had been performed mutational and chromosome analysis and biopsy. Hormonal and anthropometric measurements were performed during endocrine treatments. We successfully performed surgery and excised two 83mm×46mm×44mm and 74mm×49mm×31mm tumors. Our pathology and immunochemistry tests have proven TARTs in patient. At first, both siblings received regular doses of hydrocortisone and fludrocortisones and tumor size regressed. During the one-year irregular intake due to Covid-19 pandemic, endocrine treatment became insensitive and tumor size slowly increased. The gene analysis reported two novel mutations C.776 C>T and C.674 T>A. The C.776 C>T is from father and has been reported. The C.674 T>A inherited from mother and cannot found in gene library and may related to TARTs. This case illustrates inadequate hormone therapy could cause tumor enlargement. It is essential to seek for ultrasound examination once suspected scrotal mass occurred.It is necessary to adjust endocrine medicine or adopt surgery in refractory gaint TARTs. And presence of tunica vaginalis cavity may indicate the severity of TARTs in surgery.
Lifelong Instability and Perceived Risk of Future Homelessness in Older Adults

Housing has long been considered a social determinant of individual and population health. Older adults with low incomes face several challenges to maintaining stable, affordable housing. Using dat...
Getting Ideas into Action: Building Networked Improvement Communities in Education

Schools today confront ambitious new societal goals aiming at greater learning for more students. Simultaneously, we are demanding that our educational institutions operate more efficiently. A growing cadre of scholars and policy organizations argue that responding to these challenges requires a fundamental reorganization of the connections among research and practice. This chapter details new ways for scholars and practitioners to engage together in disciplined inquiry organized around specified problems of practice improvement. It describes the social organization of networked communities aimed at systematic learning from practice to improve it. Embedded within the day-to-day work of such improvement communities are multiple cycles of design, engineering, and development (DEED) that generate numerous small tests about what works for whom under different circumstances. We call this improvement research. The chapter details a core set of structuring agents necessary to form such networked improvement communities (NIC). We illustrate these ideas drawing on early design experiences from an emerging NIC seeking to address the extraordinary high failure rates in developmental mathematics in community colleges. These “developmental” courses currently operate as a barrier to opportunity, blocking access to both occupational training certification and transfer to 4-year institutions. We posit that research and practice properly arranged can reframe the opportunity equation.
State Law and Industrial Policy in American Development, 1790-1987

In the contemporary debate on industrial policy, it is only very recently that scholars and policy experts have shown much concern for the role of the states. This is attributable to the fact that the policy dialogue has centered on monetary and fiscal matters, international trade diplomacy and the protective tariff structure, and national labor relations issues. These are questions that have been framed and pursued mainly by the national government. They are not questions that focus attention, except in peripheral ways, on the states.' Some commentators on industrial policy issues have sought out the
C-terminal binding domain of Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitor directs N-terminal inhibitory peptide to GTPases.

The Rho GDP-dissociation inhibitors (GDIs) negatively regulate Rho-family GTPases1,2. The inhibitory activity of GDI derives both from an ability to bind the carboxy-terminal isoprene of Rho family members and extract them from membranes3,4, and from inhibition of GTPase cycling between the GTP- and GDP-bound states4,5. Here we demonstrate that these binding and inhibitory functions of rhoGDI can be attributed to two structurally distinct regions of the protein. A carboxy-terminal folded domain of relative molecular mass 16,000 (Mr 16K) binds strongly to the Rho-family member Cdc42, yet has little effect on the rate of nucleotide dissociation from the GTPase. The solution structure of this domain shows a β-sandwich motif with a narrow hydrophobic cleft that binds isoprenes, and an exposed surface that interacts with the protein portion of Cdc42. The amino-terminal region of rhoGDI is unstructured in the absence of target and contributes little to binding, but is necessary to inhibit nucleotide dissociation from Cdc42. These results lead to a model of rhoGDI function in which the carboxy-terminal binding domain targets the amino-terminal inhibitory region to GTPases, resulting in membrane extraction and inhibition of nucleotide cycling.
Adults with Migraine Have Atypical Correlations between Brain Cortical Thickness and Pain Thresholds (PL1.001)

Objective: To compare cortical thickness-to-pain threshold correlations in adults with migraine to those of healthy control subjects. Background: Recent studies have identified correlations between brain structure and pain sensation in healthy adults. People with migraine are hypersensitive and hypervigilant to painful stimuli and have atypical brain processing of pain. This study tested the hypothesis that people with migraine would have aberrant relationships between the cortical thickness of regions that participate in pain processing with pain thresholds. Methods: Pain thresholds to cutaneously applied heat were determined for 31 adults with migraine and 32 healthy controls. Cortical thickness was estimated from magnetic resonance imaging T1-weighted sequences. Regional cortical thickness-to-pain threshold correlations were determined for subjects with migraine and controls separately using a general linear model whole brain vertex-wise analysis. A pain threshold-by-group interaction analysis was then conducted to estimate regions where the subjects with migraine have alterations in pain threshold-to-cortical thickness correlations relative to healthy controls. Results: Control subjects had negative correlations (p<0.01) between pain thresholds and cortical thickness in left superior temporal/inferior parietal, left inferior temporal, left posterior cingulate/precuneus, right superior temporal, and right inferior parietal regions. Migraine subjects had positive correlations (p<0.01) between pain thresholds and cortical thickness in left superior temporal/inferior parietal, left inferior parietal, right precuneus, and right superior temporal/inferior parietal regions. Cortical thickness-to-pain threshold correlations differed between migraine and control groups for a left superior temporal/inferior parietal region (p<0.01 Monte Carlo corrected). Conclusions: Adults with migraine have abnormal correlations between the cortical thickness of a left superior temporal/inferior parietal region with pain thresholds. Since this region participates in orienting and attention to painful stimuli, absence of the normal correlation might represent an inability for people with migraine to inhibit pain sensation via shifting attention away from the pain. Study Funding: NIH K23NS070891 Disclosure: Dr. Schwedt has received personal compensation for activities with Allergan, Inc. and Supernus Pharmaceuticals as an advisory board member. Dr. Chong has nothing to disclose.
Invasion Of Privacy On The Internet: Information Capturing Without Consent. An Ethical Background As It Pertains To Business Marketing

Because of unwanted contacts by marketers, privacy issues are becoming more and more important to the U.S. consumer, especially since the advent of the internet. An examination of dimensions of the nature of privacy and right to privacy both in law and moral philosophy will be conducted.
Avoiding Tokamak disruptions by applying static magnetic fields that align locked modes with stabilizing wave-driven currents

Nonrotating ("locked") magnetic islands often lead to complete losses of confinement in tokamak plasmas, called major disruptions. Here locked islands were suppressed for the first time, by a combination of applied three-dimensional magnetic fields and injected millimeter waves. The applied fields were used to control the phase of locking and so align the island O point with the region where the injected waves generated noninductive currents. This resulted in stabilization of the locked island, disruption avoidance, recovery of high confinement, and high pressure, in accordance with the expected dependencies upon wave power and relative phase between the O point and driven current.
Temperature Effects on the Timing of Striped Bass Egg Production, Larval Viability, and Recruitment Potential in the Patuxent River (Chesapeake Bay)

The relationships between egg production (spawning behavior), larval growth and survival, and environmental conditions that larvae encounter were investigated in the Patuxent River tributary of Chesapeake Bay in 1991. Striped, bass (Morone saxatilis) eggs and larvae occurred predominantly above the salt front where conductivity was ≤800 μmhos cm−1. There were three prominent peaks in egg production, each coinciding with increasing temperatures. Estimated growth rates of 6-d, otolith-aged cohorts, which ranged from 0.15 mm d−1 to 0.22 mm d−1 (mean=0.17 mm d−1), were not demonstrated to differ significantly from each other. Observed zooplankton densities and temperature did not significantly affect growth rates. Stage-specific cumulative mortalities of combined cohorts were calculated for eggs (Zstage=0.20=18.1%), yolk-sac larvae (Zstage=5.80=99.7%), and first-feeding larvae (Zstage=2.95=94.8%). The very high mortality of yolk-sac larvae suggests that dynamic during this stage may have had a major impact on subsquent recruitment. Cohort-specific mortality rates of larvae were variable, ranging from Z=0.045 d−1 to 0.719 d−1, and were strongly temperature-dependent. Cohorts that experiented average temperature 20°C during the first 25 d after hatching had significantly higher mortality rates than those which experienced intermediate temperatures. Estimated hatch-date frequencies of larvae ≥8 mm SL indicated goo, very good, and very low potential recruitments for cohorst spawned during early-season (April 2–11), mid-season (April 12–24) and late-season (April 25–May 5), respectively. Because seasonal temperature trends and fluctuations are unpredictable, striped bass females cannot select a spawning time that guarantees their offspring will be exposed to optimum temperatures. Consequently, selection may have occured for spawning over a broad range of temperatures and dates, a behavior insuring that some larval cohorts will encounter favorable temperatures.
The aggregation state of rhodanese during folding influences the ability of GroEL to assist reactivation.

Abstract The in vitro folding of rhodanese involves a competition between formation of properly folded enzyme and off-pathway inactive species. Co-solvents like glycerol or low temperature, e.g. refolding at 10 °C, successfully retard the off-pathway formation of large inactive aggregates, but the process does not yield 100% active enzyme. These data suggest that mis-folded species are formed from early folding intermediates. GroEL can capture early folding intermediates, and it loses the ability to capture and reactivate rhodanese if the enzyme is allowed first to spontaneously fold for longer times before it is presented to GroEL, a process that leads to the formation of unproductive intermediates. In addition, GroEL cannot reverse large aggregates once they are formed, but it could capture some folding intermediates and activate them, even though they are not capable of forming active enzyme if left to spontaneous refolding. The interaction between GroEL and rhodanese substantially but not completely inhibits intra-protein inactivation, which is responsible for incomplete activation during unassisted refolding. Thus, GroEL not only decreases aggregation, but it gives the highest reactivation of any method of assistance. The results are interpreted using a previously suggested model based on studies of the spontaneous folding of rhodanese (Gorovits, B. M., McGee, W. A., and Horowitz, P. M. (1998) Biochim. Biophys. Acta1382, 120–128 and Panda, M., Gorovits, B. M., and Horowitz, P. M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 63–70).
CO2 capture on easily regenerable hybrid adsorbents based on polyamines and mesocellular silica foam. Effect of pore volume of the support and polyamine molecular weight

Mesocellular foams (MCFs) with a wide range of pore volumes and pore sizes were prepared by varying a number of synthesis parameters such as ammonium fluoride concentration, effect of swelling agent trimethylbenzene (TMB), equilibration time and calcination heating rate. The obtained MCFs with pore volumes from 0.98 cm3 g−1 to 4.17 cm3 g−1 were impregnated with polyethylenimine (PEI) having molecular weights of 800 g mol−1 to 25 000 g mol−1. These organic/inorganic hybrid materials with PEI loadings of 50 to 83% were tested for CO2 adsorption capacity, kinetics, stability and regenerability. Increasing pore volume and size in MCFs allowed the loading of higher amounts of PEI and a better distribution of PEI in the pores. Access to the active amino sites by CO2 was consequently facilitated. Adsorption of up to 6 mmol CO2 per g adsorbent (265 mg g−1) was obtained at 85 °C with the adsorbent containing PEI with a molecular weight of 800 g mol−1 loaded on the support with the highest pore volume. Contrary to expectation, the adsorbents based on PEI with the highest molecular weight had faster desorption kinetics than the ones loaded with lower molecular weight PEIs. On the other hand the CO2 adsorption kinetics for a given concentration were very similar for all PEIs, regardless of molecular weights. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents did not decrease over 100 adsorption/desorption cycles at 75 °C. The CO2 adsorption results obtained here were in the top tier compared to the ones reported in the literature. Preparation of PEI based adsorbents clearly benefited from the utilization of supports with larger pore volume and diameter which in turn led to significantly improved CO2 adsorption characteristics.
Retrieval-induced forgetting in an eyewitness-memory paradigm

The potential impact of repeated questioning of a witness was examined. Subjects were shown slides depicting the aftermath of a theft and subsequently were asked several times to recall selected details of what they saw. Previous experiments employing simple verbal materials have demonstrated that information addressed by questioning becomes more recallable in the future than it would have been without such retrieval practice, but other information, especially that bearing a categorical similarity to the practiced items, becomes less recallable. Such positive and negative effects appeared in subjects’ later recall of crime-scene details in the present experiment. These results have an important implication for legal practice: Repeated interrogation of a witness can modify the witness’s memory-enhancing the recall of certain details while inducing the forgetting of other details-even when no misinformation is contained or implied in the questioning.
From Boudoir to Bookstore: Writing the History of Sexuality. A Review Article

The history of sexuality these days is, well, sexy. The last decade has witnessed a virtual explosion of scholarship in the field, including the inauguration of a new scholarly periodical devoted specifically to the topic.2 Despite all the excitement, however, it remains unclear just what the history of sexuality can and should be. Both Robert Padgug and David Halperin have suggested that the very notion of sexuality as a category of historical analysis is, if not misconceived, at least highly suspect.3 Sexuality, they argue, is a modern concept whose implicit assumptions about the self and its erotic attractions are foreign to the belief systems of many historical cultures, Western and non-Western. For one thing, the very notion of sexuality implies its existence as an essential and separate domain of our personal and physical identities, an understanding of the self Padgug claims did not exist in precapitalist economies. Moreover, the concept of sexuality differentiates between sexual identity and gender identity-a distinction, Halperin contends,
Writing diffractive structures by optical trapping

Optical forces, such as radiation pressure and the gradient force, are used to trap microscopic size dielectric particles. Regular arrays of optical traps can be constructed interferometrically, and more complex assemblages of traps could be made through holographic-type set-ups. Such optical-well arrays are useful in writing and erasing dynamic gratings. Two-dimensional `optical crystals', composed of monodispersed polystyrene spheres in water, display high diffraction efficiencies and low noise level, thanks respectively to a very high index modulation, and to the very small size dispersion of the scatterers. Many dielectric micro- objects can be arranged in such trap assemblies to form diffractive structures. This is the case in particular for biological materials such as bacteria or other organisms currently trapped with laser tweezers. The possibilities of manufacturing 3D diffractive structures are explored.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reshaping the social contract: emerging relations between the state and informal labor in India

As states grapple with the forces of liberalization and globalization, they are increasingly pulling back on earlier levels of welfare provision and rhetoric. This article examines how the eclipsing role of the state in labor protection has affected state-labor relations. In particular, it analyzes collective action strategies among India's growing mass of informally employed workers, who do not receive secure wages or benefits from either the state or their employer. In response to the recent changes in state policies, I find that informal workers have had to alter their organizing strategies in ways that are reshaping the social contract between state and labor. Rather than demanding employers for workers' benefits, they are making direct demands on the state for welfare benefits. To attain state attention, informal workers are using the rhetoric of citizenship rights to offer their unregulated labor and political support in return for state recognition of their work. Such recognition bestows informal workers with a degree of social legitimacy, thereby dignifying their discontent and bolstering their status as claim makers in their society. These findings offer a reformulated model of state-labor relations that focuses attention on the qualitative, rather than quantitative, nature of the nexus; encompasses a dynamic and inter-dependent conceptualization of state and labor; and accommodates the creative and diverse strategies of industrial relations being forged in the contemporary era. Since the late 1990s, a literature designed to examine the variable effects of "globalization" has grown exponentially in the social sciences. 1 Within this literature, several scholars have bolstered the significance of globalization by arguing that the economic policies and the social forces that integrate national economies are
Cytokines as an adjuvant to tumor vaccines: Efficacy of local methods of delivery

Background: We examined alternative methods of delivering cytokines as an adjunct for priming lymph node (LN) cells draining sites of vaccine inoculation for the purpose of generating immune cells for adoptive immunotherapy.
Survival in octogenarians receiving implantable defibrillators.

Background Athough clinical trials have expanded implantable defibrillator (ICD) indications, octogenarians have been poorly represented in these studies. Overall, survival in this subgroup is ill-defined. Methods Consecutive patients ≥80 years of age at ICD implant between July 1995 and September 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, and mortality predictors were identified. Consecutive nonelderly patients aged 60 to 70 years (60-70 group) who received ICDs over the same period were analyzed as a reference. Mortality predictors in the ≥80 group were compared to the 60-to-70 group. Results A total of 348 patients (age, ≥80 years [n = 107]; age, 60-70 years [n = 241]) were included. Mean follow-up time for the entire cohort was 3.3 ± 2.2 years. Other than the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (58 ± 22 vs 66 ± 22 mL/min) in the ≥80 group versus the 60-to-70 group, no other differences in baseline characteristics were observed. Median survival was 4.2 years after implant in the ≥80 group versus 7 years in the 60-to-70 group (P 120 ms (HR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.4-3.3) predicted mortality. QRS >120 ms and diabetes were not predictors in octogenarians (HR, 1.1 and 1.5, respectively; 95% CI, 0.7-1.9 and 0.8-2.7, respectively). Analysis of octogenarians subgrouped by EF ≤30% and eGFR 75, 61-75, 41-60, and Conclusions Median survival in octogenarian ICD recipients is greater than 4 years. In addition to baseline EF, eGFR is a strong predictor of mortality in elderly ICD candidates. These easily identifiable clinical variables may assist clinical decision making and help to provide appropriate post-ICD implant survival expectations in this elderly patient group.
MOOD-lighting: massive open online discovery using solr and blacklight

In this poster, we present findings from the user experience and metadata perspectives of using Blacklight and Solr to combine large and distinct resource sets. We also share results of a survey of academic and educational institutions on their approaches to Solr indexing and end-user options and identify next steps toward articulating best practices for user experience around discovery in the context of metadata.
HF radio oceanography — A review

The understanding and utilization of HF radar sea-echo have enjoyed steady progress since the experimental discovery of the underlying radar/sea interaction process over two decades ago. The agreement of theory with measured data confirms the correctness of currently accepted explanations for both the first-order and second-order portions of the sea-echo Doppler spectrum in terms of the wave-height directional spectrum. Furthermore, experiments have shown that any currents present near the surface produce a readily distinguishable Doppler shift on the wave-scattered echo which is directly related to the current velocity.
Family Interaction Patterns, Career Planning Attitudes, and Vocational Identity of High School Adolescents

The purpose of the current study was to examine how perceptions of family interaction patterns as defined along three dimensions of family environment (quality of family relationships, family goal-orientations, and degree of organization and control within the family system) predict vocational identity and career planning attitudes among male and female adolescents living at home. One hundred twenty three high school students completed measures of family environment, vocational identity, and career planning attitudes. Analyses revealed that the quality of family relationships (i.e., degree to which family members are encouraged to express feelings and problems) played a small, yet significant role in predicting career planning attitudes of adolescents.
Auxin and wall extensibility: reversibility of auxin-induced wall-loosening process.

The reversible nature of the auxin-mediated loosening of the cell wall is shown by the ability of respiratory inhibitors to cause the loss of the auxin-induced increase in wall extensibility without affecting the basal extensibility of the wall. This reversibility makes it unlikely that wall loosening is mediated by enzymes, such as cellulase and β-glucanase, which degrade polysaccharides, since their action is essentially irreversible.
Non-baseline detection of small damages from changes in strain energy mode shapes

Several methods for damage detection based on identifying changes in strain energy mode shapes (SEMS) have been recently described in the literature. Most of these methods require knowing strain energy distribution for the undamaged structure (baseline SEMS). This is especially true for detection of small damages, where changes in the SEMS cannot be observed otherwise. Usually, the mode shapes from the structure under test should be compared to the baseline mode shapes to provide sufficient data for damage detection. However, these methods do not cover damage detection on structures where baseline mode shapes cannot be readily obtained, for example, structures with preexisting damage. Conventional methods, like building a finite element (FE) model of a structure to be used as a baseline might be an expensive and time-consuming task that can be impossible for complex structures. This paper suggests a method for extraction of localized changes (damage peaks) from SEMS based on Fourier analysis of the strain...
Suspended Si ring resonator for mid-IR application

In this Letter we fabricate and characterize suspended silicon (Si) waveguides and ring resonators for mid-infrared wavelength range. Both tunable laser and thermal tuning are used to cover wavelength ranges near 5.2 and 3.4 μm. The loaded quality factors are estimated at 2700 at 5.2 μm and 7900 at 3.4 μm. Heat induced spectrum distortion is observed. Absorption loss is analyzed based on the spectrum distortion, simulation, and all-optical modulation. It is shown that main loss comes from scattering at surface and should be possible to reduce by improving fabrication process.
Topological superconductivity induced by ferromagnetic metal chains

Recent spectroscopic imaging experiments have showed evidence of one-dimensional topological superconductivity and Majorana bound states in fabricated iron atomic chains on the surface of lead. In this follow-up paper the authors present an extensive theoretical analysis of ferromagnetic atomic chains deposited on a conventional superconductor.
Dioxo uranium(VI) carbonate complexation in uranium recovery by reactive ion-exchange

Abstract The reaction between uranyl(VI) ions and a strongly basic anion exchange resin in the bicarbonate form is found to lead to complete uranium absorption into the resin and evolution of carbon dioxide. The uranium species absorbed by the resin is the tricarbonato complex. The use of this reaction for uranium separations and recovery was explored. Dowex 2-X8 has a marked selectivity for the dioxo uranium tricarbonato complex in the presence of competing anions. Increasingly higher urnaium distribution coefficients are observed as the competing anion concentration decreases but this trend is limited by competition with uranium hydrolysis.
Cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels in methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum reflect inorganic phosphate availability

Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was grown in phosphate-limited chemostat cultures at a dilution rate corresponding to a doubling time of 13.2 h. The cyclic-2,3-diphospho-D-glycerate content of these cells was 8 to 10-fold lower than that of cells grown in batch cultures having a doubling time of 11.5 h. This metabolite accounted for 5% of cell dry weight during batch growth on 2 mM phosphate. In the chemostat the steady-state concentration of phosphate was 4 microM, showing that this methanogen is adapted to highly efficient growth at low phosphate concentrations. Since growth rates were similar in both cultures, the growth rate clearly does not depend on intracellular levels of cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate.
Vertical distribution and migration of fishes of the lower mesopelagic zone off Oregon

An exceptionally large midwater trawl (50 m2 mouth area) with 5 opening and closing codends was towed horizontally in the lower mesopelagic zone at depths of 500, 650, 800 and 1000 m off Oregon (USA) from 1–6 September, 1978. In comparison to more conventional trawls, ours collected more fish, including rare species and large individuals of common species. Comparison of collections made by day and by night revealed that 12 of the 15 most common species probably migrated vertically. Bathylagus milleri evidently migrates from 650 m during the day to 500 m at night. Cyclothone acclinidens and C. atraria were more abundant by night than by day at 800 m, possibly due to an upward migration from deeper depths at night. C. pseudopallida, C. signata, Chauliodus macouni, Tactostoma macropus and Stenobrachius leucopsarus were more abundant by day than by night at 500 m, suggesting that they migrated out of this depth horizon at night. Lampanyctus regalis, and large individuals of B. pacificus were more abundant by night than by day at 500 m, possibly because they migrated upward from near 650 m. Many species exhibited trends of increasing or decreasing size with depth, and several species showed changes in migratory behavior with size. For example, only small ( 110 mm) B. pacificus appeared to migrate. Depths of maximum abundance of congeneric species were usually separated. B. milleri and B. pacificus had similar distributions by day, but the former was shallower at night. S. leucopsarus tended to live shallower than S. nannochir both day and night. Congeners always occurring at the same depth were Cyclothone pseudopallida and C. signata (both most abundant at 500 m) and C. acclinidens and C. atraria (both most abundant at 800 m).
Synthetic mammalian riboswitches based on guanine aptazyme

Allosteric hammerhead ribozymes (aptazymes) that are activated by guanine were used to control mammalian gene expression in cis and in trans. Coexpression of the two mechanistically distinct riboswitches resulted in an improved dynamic range of gene expression.
EFFECTS OF CORTICAL AND SUBCORTICAL STIMULATION ON DELAYED RESPONSE IN MONKEYS.

Abstract Sixty-four brain points in five monkeys were tested for the effect of electrical stimulation during the associative period and the retentive period of a delayed response task. Stimulation within the limbic and lower extrapyramidal. Systems resulted in marked impairment of delayed response performance. Deficits were usually obtained during both the predelay and delay intervals. On the other hand stimulation of loci in cortex and basal ganglia resulted primarily in differential effects on association formation and retention. No impairment was seen from many probes within the latter areas.
The role of positive peer interactions and English exposure in Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ English vocabulary and letter-word skills☆

Abstract We examined the extent to which positive interactions with peers and the amount of English exposure received from them during social interactions in the fall of preschool contributed to low-income Spanish-speaking children's ( N = 107; M age = 53 months; SD = 4.30 months; 56% boys) English vocabulary and letter-word skills in the spring (controlling for parents’ language use, family income, number of English books at home, and children's nonverbal cognitive abilities). We also examined the mediating roles of children's learning behaviors (e.g., attentiveness, independence, initiative, persistence, and participation) and English oral proficiency in the classroom. The association between positive peer interactions and English vocabulary skills was mediated by children's English oral proficiency, whereas the association between positive peer interactions and English letter-word skills was mediated by children's learning behaviors and English oral proficiency. The associations among peer English exposure and children's English vocabulary and letter-word skills were mediated by children's English oral proficiency. There was also evidence of a transactional association between positive peer interactions and children's learning behaviors and between peers’ and children's English oral proficiency. The findings highlight the importance of peer experiences in fostering Spanish-speaking preschoolers’ English vocabulary and letter-word skills.
Prediction of outcome from the self-regulatory treatment of irritable bowel syndrome.

Abstract A summary of five small-scale studies of a multicomponent self-regulatory treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) revealed that 58% of the 45 patients had primary GI symptoms reduced by at least 50%. From a variety of psychological tests, psychosocial and symptom diary variables, a prediction equation accounting for a modest 15% of the variance in outcome was found. Trait anxiety, however, was found to have noticeable clinical utility as an individual predictor of outcome; 70% of patients who initially scored 40 or lower were clinically improved.
Source of Evolution of Gas from the Lunar Crater Alphonsus

KOZYREV's1,2 observation of Swan bands being emitted by C2 molecules emanating from the lunar crater Alphonsus on the west shore of Mare Nubium is now widely accepted. However, his assertion that the gas evolved as a result of volcanic eruption is not as generally accepted by selenologists. There are more plausible mechanisms than volcanic eruption to account for the gas issuing periodically from Alphonsus. Urey3 has pointed out the black areas on the crater floor of Alphonsus and suggests they may be due to explosion of acetylene which could produce graphite and hydrogen. The source of the acetylene could be a stable solid carbide such as calcium carbide according to Urey3. It is interesting to note that comets are known to give the Swan band emission. There are six prominent black spots in Alphonsus, each surrounding one or more small craters as illustrated in Fig. 1. Kozyrev observed the gas evolution, however, from the centre of the elongated central peak roughly paralleling the shore of Mare Nubium. Baldwin4 considers the emanation of this gas to be a lunar degassing process rather than volcanism. For reasons presented here it is plausible that most of the gas evolution is from the region of the central peak. However, this does not preclude that the dark areas mentioned by Urey3 were not also caused by gas evolution.
Updating the matrix of factors without refactorization in load-flow studies

Abstract A modification to the fixed-Jacobian method in polar coordinates is described. The modification consists of updating the elements of the factorized matrix of factors directly to reflect the changes in the unknowns during the iterative solution process. The result is a faster load-flow algorithm. The tested systems include the IEEE 13, 14, 30, and 57-node systems.
The Effect of Conical Indenter Shape on TBC Interfacial Toughness Measurements

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are thin ceramic coatings used to insulate gas turbine hot section components. The degradation of interfacial fracture toughness between the coating and the metallic substrate is a key concern for TBC systems. Previous research by the authors has explored the use of conical (Brale) indentation to measure the interfacial fracture toughness of electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) TBCs. However, indentation using a standard 120° Brale indenter can fail to yield an ideal debond size for accurate measurement for poorly adhered coatings subjected to long-term thermal exposures, or for as-processed coatings that are well-adhered to the metallic substrate. These limitations of existing conical indentation tests have lead to the study of different shapes of indenters to obtain optimal debond sizes. In this paper, the differences in measuring the interfacial fracture toughness in thermal barrier coating systems due to indentation by rigid cones with various tip angles, namely, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 150° are addressed. Interfacial stress intensity factor distributions, i.e., curves of the interfacial stress intensity factor (K) vs. normalized radial distance (R/a), are obtained through numerical simulations coupled with thin film fracture mechanics relations. Results from experimental studies on an exposed EB-PVD TBC specimen are presented. The goal of this work is to obtain larger debond sizes for high toughness specimens and smaller debond sizes for low toughness specimens, while maintaining an adequate indentation depth.© 2007 ASME
A SILICIC ACID MICROCOLUMN FOR CONTINUOUS GRADIENT ELUTION OF LIPIDS, USED IN STUDIES ON SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA OF RATS.

Abstract Lipids were eluted by continuous gradients (about 30 ml total volume) from a chromatography column consisting of 200 mg of silicic acid. A sample was transferred to the column by drying the original lipid extract in a glass thimble, which was placed above the silicic acid. Fractions could be collected directly on planchets as well as in test tubes. The method was applied to lipids extracted from superior cervical ganglia, weighing about 1 mg, excised from rats and incubated with 32P-inorganic phosphate and 14C-glucose. 32P was found in phosphatidyl inositol, phosphatidyl choline, and phosphatidyl ethanolamine. 14C was found in each of the foregoing compounds, and also in fractions containing cholesterol and in other simple lipids.
Simulation of the magnetosphere with a new three dimensional MHD code and adaptive mesh refinement: preliminary results

Abstract We present the first results from a new unstructured mesh three dimensional finite element MHD code which uses dynamic solution-adaptive mesh refinement in a manner similar to our two dimensional finite element MHD code /31/. The problem being considered here is the interaction of the solar wind with the earth's magnetosphere, using a three-dimensional Cartesian approximation. Our results strongly indicate that such adaptive mesh techniques have the ability to resolve structures in the three dimensional MHD flow field that would otherwise be possible only with orders of magnitude greater cost and that are most likely beyond the capability of present supercomputers.
Television Studies for Mature Audiences

Ce fascicule fait le point sur 4 ouvrages ayant pour theme commun les etudes televisuelles, celles-ci ayant reconnu la valeur sociale, culturelle, politique, voire esthetique de la television. Ces ouvrages ont apporte chacun a leur tour une large contribution au developpement des etudes televisuelles
Cloning and characterization of a putative inhibitor of melanization from Anopheles gambiae

Phenoloxidases, including tyrosinases and laccases, are enzymes involved in the synthesis of melanin, a process that can be elicited during insect immune responses, cuticle maturation, wound healing and egg chorion development. We cloned a putative inhibitor of melanization (POI) from Anopheles gambiae on the basis of homology with a functionally characterized peptide from Musca domestica (Daquinag et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 2964–2968). The 335 amino acid protein predicted from the A. gambiae cDNA consists of five tandemly arranged inhibitor motifs. The A. gambiae POI gene was expressed in all mosquito stages from egg to adult. POI transcript levels were high in the fat body and were measurable but comparatively reduced in the midgut. The POI transcript level increased after wounding or Sephadex bead injection. Gene knockdown did not result in faster or more extensive bead melanization but did result in more extensive melanization of wound sites following a thoracic bead injection.
Elasticity of majorite, MgSiO3 tetragonal garnet

Abstract The adiabatic elastic moduli of single-crystal MgSiO 3 in the tetragonal garnet structure have been measured at ambient conditions using Brillouin spectroscopy. The results (in GPa) are: C 11 = 286.4 ± 1.3; C 33 = 280.1 ± 1.8; C 44 = 85.0 ± 0.7; C 66 = 93.2 ± 1.1; C 12 = 83.0 ± 2.9; C 23 = 104.9 ± 2.4; C 16 = 1.4 ± 1.3. The isotropic properties of MgSiO 3 majorite are K VRH = 159.8 ± 4.4 GPa and μ VRH = 89.7 ± 0.6 GPa. An empirical relationship describing garnet elasticity along the pyrope-majorite join indicates that the bulk modulus increases by about 8% and the shear modulus by about 2% going from majorite to pyrope. The tetragonal garnet structure is characterized by ordering on the octahedral site; axial elastic moduli differ as a result of differing axial arrangements of MgO 6 and SiO 6 units. The overall softening of the garnet structure with increasing majorite content is attributed to the presence of weak magnesium octahedra and may also reflect the extensive cross-linking that is typical of garnets. Two factors contribute to the observed elasticity of majorite: coupled substitution of aluminum by magnesium + silicon, and structural ordering on the octahedral site. In this case, the compositional effect is probably minor, but until we have elasticity measurements on completely disordered ‘cubic’ MgSiO 3 garnet, the relative importance of the two components cannot be easily distinguished.