cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strategic orientation and top management attention to control systems

Management control systems are viewed typically as management-by-exception tools for implementing intended strategies. This study provides a different perspective by focusing on the way that top managers use specific control systems to focus organizational attention on strategic uncertainties and thereby guide the development of new strategic initiatives. Analysis of field-based data from 30 businesses in the U.S. health care products industry is used to develop a model and propositions that distinguish between interactive and diagnostic control systems, and illustrate the selective use of these systems in different strategic contexts.
Driver's adaptive glance behavior to in-vehicle information systems.

The purpose of this study was to examine the adaptive behavior of drivers as they engage with in-vehicle devices over time and in varying driving situations. Behavioral adaptation has been shown to occur among drivers after prolonged use of in-vehicle devices, but few studies have examined drivers’ risk levels across different driving demands. A multi-day simulator study was conducted with 28 young drivers (under 30 years old) as they engaged in different text entry and reading tasks while driving in two different traffic conditions. Cluster analysis was used to categorize drivers based on their risk levels and random coefficient models were used to assess changes in drivers’ eye glance behavior. Glance duration significantly increased over time while drivers were performing text entry tasks but not for text reading tasks. High-risk drivers had longer maximum eyes-off-road when performing long text entry tasks compared to low-risk drivers, and this difference increased over time. The traffic condition also had a significant impact on drivers’ glance behavior. This study suggests that drivers may exhibit negative behavioral adaptation as they become more comfortable with using in-vehicle technologies over time. Results of this paper may provide guidance for the design of in-vehicle devices that adapt based on the context of the situation. It also demonstrates that random coefficient models can be used to obtain better estimations of driver behavior when there are large individual differences.
Transporter-mediated GABA responses in horizontal and bipolar cells of zebrafish retina.

GABA-mediated interactions between horizontal cells (HCs) and bipolar cells (BCs) transform signals within the image-processing circuitry of distal retina. To further understand this process we have studied the GABA-driven membrane responses from isolated retinal neurons. Papaindissociated retinal cells from adult zebrafish were exposed to GABAergic ligands while transmembrane potentials were monitored with a fluorescent voltage-sensitive dye (oxonol, DiBaC4(5)). In HCs hyperpolarizing, ionotropic GABA responses were almost never seen, nor were responses to baclofen or glycine. A GABA-induced depolarization followed by after hyperpolarization (dep/AHP) occurred in 38% of HCs. The median fluorescence increase (dep component) was 0.17 log units, about 22 mV. HC dep/AHP was not blocked by bicuculline or picrotoxin. Muscimol rarely evoked dep/AHP responses. In BCs picrotoxin sensitive, hyperpolarizing, ionotropic GABA and muscimol responses occurred in most cells. A picrotoxin insensitive dep/AHP response was seen in about 5% of BCs. The median fluorescence increase (dep component) was 0.18 log units, about 23 mV. Some BCs expressed both muscimol-induced hyperpolarizations and GABA-induced dep/AHP responses. For all cells the pooled Hill fit to median dep amplitudes, in response to treatments with a GABA concentration series, gave an apparent k of 0.61 μM and an n of 1.1. The dep/AHP responses of all cells required both extracellular Na + and Cl − , as dep/AHP was blocked reversibly by Li + substituted for Na + and irreversibly by isethionate substituted for Cl − . All cells with dep/AHP responses in zebrafish have the membrane physiology of neurons expressing GABA transporters. These cells likely accumulate GABA, a characteristic of GABAergic neurons. We suggest Na + drives GABA into these cells, depolarizing the plasma membrane and triggering Na + , K + -dependent ATPase. The ATPase activity generates AHP. In addition to a GABA clearance function, these large-amplitude transporter responses may provide an outer plexiform layer GABA sensor mechanism.
Modelling and dynamic control of an active lean NO/sub x/ catalyst

This paper presents a phenomenological model of an active lean NO/sub x/ catalyst for control purposes. It does not include a spatial dimension, but lumps the characteristics of the catalysts into a few parameters. It accounts for hydrocarbon combustion, storage and release, temperature rise and NO/sub x/ conversion.
Cross-cultural user-experience design for work, home, play, and on the way

User interfaces for mobile, desktop, Web, and vehicle platforms reach across culturally diverse user communities, sometimes within a single country/language group, and certainly across the globe. If user interfaces are to be usable, useful, and appealing to such a wide range of users, userinterface/user-experience developers must account for cultural aspects in globalizing/localizing products and services. In this tutorial, participants will learn practical principles and techniques that are immediately useful in terms of both analysis and design tasks.
Measuring the dynamics of E. coli ribosome biogenesis using pulse-labeling and quantitative mass spectrometry

The ribosome is an essential organelle responsible for cellular protein synthesis. Until recently, the study of ribosome assembly has been largely limited to in vitro assays, with few attempts to reconcile these results with the more complex ribosome biogenesis process inside the living cell. Here, we characterize the ribosome synthesis and assembly pathway for each of the E. coli ribosomal protein (r-protein) in vivo using a stable isotope pulse-labeling timecourse. Isotope incorporation into assembled ribosomes was measured by quantitative mass spectrometry (qMS) and fit using steady-state flux models. Most r-proteins exhibit precursor pools ranging in size from 0% to 7% of completed ribosomes, and the sizes of these individual r-protein pools correlate well with the order of r-protein binding in vitro. Additionally, we observe anomalously large precursor pools for specific r-proteins with known extra-ribosomal functions, as well as three r-proteins that apparently turnover during steady-state growth. Taken together, this highly precise, time-dependent proteomic qMS approach should prove useful in future studies of ribosome biogenesis and could be easily extended to explore other complex biological processes in a cellular context.
Siblings of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders across the Life Course.

In this article, we review the literature on siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) from a lifespan developmental perspective, from infancy through adulthood, focusing on the sibling relationship and sibling well-being. We situate this review within the larger body of research on siblings of individuals with developmental disabilities (DD) across the lifespan. We then consider the genetic aspects of ASDs and their implications for siblings. We conclude that there is an evidence of atypical social and communication development in some siblings of children with an ASD during infancy. During childhood and adolescence, siblings describe both positive and negative aspects of their sibling relationship and there is some evidence that siblings of children with an ASD may be at heightened risk for social and behavioral adjustment problems. The limited research on adulthood suggests that lack of closeness in the sibling relationship and social and emotional difficulties may continue. We encourage more attention focused on developmental issues, specifically with respect to samples in narrower age groups and in longitudinal research. Finally, we note the variability in sibling outcomes, and suggest further examination of potential moderating and mediating factors, including genetic predispositions.
Energy efficient wireless scheduling: adaptive loading in time

When designing wireless systems, one of the major challenges is tackling the time depending fading behavior of the channel. To achieve maximum throughput under a power constraint, techniques have been proposed which adapt the modulation on the fly, based on the instantaneous channel condition. However, when the design goal is minimizing the overall energy consumption under a throughput constraint, we have to tackle a more complex scheduling problem. The reason is that energy optimality might require deliberately decreasing the transmission rate at times, if we know that the rate loss can be compensated for in the future when channel conditions are more favorable. We present a solution to the problem of minimum energy scheduling on wireless links by exploiting an analogy with the adaptive bit loading problem in multicarrier systems. Instead of allocating bits across multiple channels with different quality, we formulate the problem as one of allocating bits at the different time instants. The analogy is however not straightforward because one does not know the future, and therefore cannot simply apply conventional bit loading to the time dimension. We devise a new technique that approximates adaptive loading in time, but only depends on the instantaneous channel condition. Our algorithm is simple to implement, and shows up to 5/spl times/ reduction in energy over existing approaches.
Phase-space imaging of partially coherent beam propagation using a Spatial Light Modulator

We measure the phase-space of coherent and partially coherent light beams as they propagate. The 4D distributions are captured by scanning and Fourier-transforming an aperture created by a spatial light modulator(SLM).
Race, Place, and Biography at Play: Contextualizing American Indian Viewpoints on Indian Mascots

Critical to the Indian mascot debate is the question of whether American Indians support their use. My research describes the diverse viewpoints of Northeast (NE) Ohio Natives, who live in a region...
Cometary Glycine Detected in Samples Returned by Stardust

Our previous analysis of cometary samples returned to Earth by NASA's Stardust spacecraft showed several amines and amino acids, but the or igin of these compounds could not be firmly established. Here, we pre sent the stable carbon isotopic ratios of glycine and E-amino-n-caproic acid (EACA), the two most abundant amino acids identified in Stardu st-returned foil samples measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrom etry coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The Delta C-13 value for glycine of +29 +/- ? 6%: strongly suggests an extraterrestrial origin For glycine, while the Delta C-13 value for EACA of -25 +/-2 % indicates terrestrial contamination by Nylon-6 during curation. This represents the first detection of a cometary amino acid.
Operation of GaAs MESFETs at cryogenic temperatures

The device performance of GaAs MESFETs at both quadratic and subthreshold regions was investigated for temperatures ranging from 350 K to 80 K. The measurements at the quadratic region can be described by the empirical hyperbolic tangent model. The device parameters of the model vary with operating temperature. At the subthreshold region, a physical model for the subthreshold drain current of GaAs MESFETs was developed on the basis of an electron-diffusion mechanism. The model was verified by measurements on devices of various gate lengths for different drain and gate bias conditions in the operating temperature range from 350 K to 80 K. >
Space-time spectra of complex cell filters in the macaque monkey: a comparison of results obtained with pseudowhite noise and grating stimuli.

White noise stimuli were used to estimate second-order kernels for complex cells in cortical area VI of the macaque monkey, and drifting grating stimuli were presented to the same sample of neurons to obtain orientation and spatial-frequency tuning curves. Using these data, we quantified how well second-order kernels predict the normalized tuning of the average response of complex cells to drifting gratings.The estimated second-order kernel of each complex cell was transformed into an interaction function defined over all spatial and temporal lags without regard to absolute position or delay. The Fourier transform of each interaction function was then computed to obtain an interaction spectrum. For a cell that is well modeled by a second-order system, the cell’s interaction spectrum is proportional to the tuning of its average spike rate to drifting gratings. This result was used to obtain spatial-frequency and orientation tuning predictions for each cell based on its second-order kernel. From the spatial-frequency and orientation tuning curves, we computed peaks and bandwidths, and an index for directional selectivity.We found that the predictions derived from second-order kernels provide an accurate description of the change in the average spike rate of complex cells to single drifting sine–wave gratings. These findings are consistent with a model for complex cells that has a quadratic spectral energy operator at its core but are inconsistent with a spectral amplitude model.
Topology reconstruction via path recording in secure MANET

The exchange of topology information is a potential attack target in mobile ad-hoc networks. To provide an intrinsic security mechanism, it is possible to validate topology advertisements in the control plane against records of the path taken by transmission in the data plane. In this context, we provide a discussion of different path recording mechanisms. We evaluate their performance in terms of packet overhead and reconstruction complexity.
Treatment of stones associated with complex or anomalous renal anatomy

This article reviews the most common renal anomalies and the management of patients with calculus disease in anomalous kidneys. The emphasis is on minimally invasive techniques to achieve a stone-free status with minimal morbidity.
Low-Vt devices replacement for domino circuits

An automatic CAD flow was developed to replace devices in domino NMOS stack, CMOS driver and CMOS receiver to the domino circuitry. Input noise thresholds are considered in these devices low-Vt replacement, since the domino circuitry with low-Vt devices increases with the leakage current and prone to logic failures due to the noise. All experiments in this paper were done in a 0.13 /spl mu/m Intel process.
Trusted Assessment of Web Services Based on a Six-Dimensional QoS Model

To objectively assess quality of web services, we propose a six-dimensional QoWS model which includes expected QoWS, agreed QoWS, delivered QoWS, perceived QoWS, transmitted QoWS, and statistic QoWS. Then a trusted QoWS monitoring model is presented. It adopts Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) to respectively capture delivered QoWS, perceived QoWS, and transmitted QoWS. A new style assessment method is proposed to have two capabilities, one is assessing the given service deliver from the view of delivered QoWS and perceived QoWS, the other is assessing the given service over a period of time from the view of reputation and statistic performance experienced by consumers.
Associations of Students’ Beliefs With Self-Regulated Problem Solving in College Algebra

We examined the associations between the expressed mathematical beliefs of students and their self-regulated actions in solving mathematics problems. We conducted surveys and interviews that focuse...
A Fully Integrated Oven Controlled Microelectromechanical Oscillator—Part II: Characterization and Measurement

This paper, the second of two parts, reports the measurement and characterization of a fully integrated oven controlled microelectromechanical oscillator (OCMO). The OCMO takes advantage of high thermal isolation and monolithic integration of both aluminum nitride (AlN) micromechanical resonators and electronic circuitry to thermally stabilize or ovenize all the components that comprise an oscillator. Operation at microscale sizes allows implementation of high thermal resistance platform supports that enable thermal stabilization at very low-power levels when compared with the state-of-the-art oven controlled crystal oscillators. A prototype OCMO has been demonstrated with a measured temperature stability of −1.2 ppb/°C, over the commercial temperature range while using tens of milliwatts of supply power and with a volume of 2.3 mm $^{3}$ (not including the printed circuit board-based thermal control loop). In addition, due to its small thermal time constant, the thermal compensation loop can maintain stability during fast thermal transients (>10 °C/min). This new technology has resulted in a new paradigm in terms of power, size, and warm up time for high thermal stability oscillators. [2015-0036]
Modulation of Hepatic Mitochondrial Fat Oxidation and Hepatic Gene Transcription by Tumor Necrosis Factor

Monocyte secretory mediators have been implicated in the regulation of metabolism following sepsis and trauma. Experimental evidence is increasing that cytokines are active in regulation of lipid metabolism at all levels. The regulation of hepatic fatty acid oxidation is dependent on the enzyme carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT), which has been described as the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic mitochondrial β-oxidation of long-chain fatty acids. We hypothesized that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) may modulate hepatic mitochondrial long-chain fatty acid oxidation and that this effect on fatty acid oxidation may be mediated by CPT gene transcriptional mechanisms. To investigate the effect of TNF-α on hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and CPT gene expression, we studied TNF-α in vitro with respect to CPT gene transcription, CPT translation, and hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation to ketone bodies using either H4IIe rat hepatoma cell culture or rat hepatocytes in primary cell culture. Preliminary investigation suggested that TNF-α increased CPT mRNA in H4IIe rat hepatoma cell culture. To investigate the mechanism by which CPT gene expression is altered, we studied the role of protein kinase C or Ca2+ as mediators of the TNF-α effect on CPT gene transcription.
In vitro chromatin templates to study nucleotide excision repair

In eukaryotic cells, DNA associates with histones and exists in the form of a chromatin hierarchy. Thus, it is generally believed that many eukaryotic cellular DNA processing events such as replication, transcription, recombination and DNA repair are influenced by the packaging of DNA into chromatin. This mini-review covers the current knowledge of DNA damage and repair in chromatin based on in vitro studies. Specifically, nucleosome assembly affects DNA damage formation in both random sequences and sequences with strong nucleosome-positioning signals such as 5S rDNA. At least three systems have been used to analyze the effect of nucleosome folding on nucleotide excision repair (NER) in vitro: (a) human cell extracts that have to rely on labeling of repair synthesis to monitor DNA repair, due to very low repair efficacy; (b) Xenopus oocyte nuclear extracts, that have very robust DNA repair efficacy, have been utilized to follow direct removal of DNA damage; (c) six purified human DNA repair factors (RPA, XPA, XPC, TFIIH, XPG, and XPF-ERCC1) that have been used to reconstitute excision repair in vitro. In general, the results have shown that nucleosome folding inhibits NER and, therefore, its activity must be enhanced by chromatin remodeling factors like SWI/SNF. In addition, binding of transcription factors such as TFIIIA to the 5S rDNA promoter also modulates NER efficacy.
Peptide Histidine Valine

Peptide histidine valine is a C-terminally extended form of peptide histidine isoleucine (PHI), a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)-38 that is, in turn, an extended form of PACAP-27 …
Organ Donation as a Collective Action Problem: Ethical Considerations and Implications for Practice.

Although organ donation conflicts with self-interest, because donation is vital to the community, interventions to increase it are ethically justified.
Lipoprotein(a) and Increased Cardiovascular Risk in Women.

Background Approximately 20% of the population has elevated circulating levels of lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]), one of the most robust predictors of cardiovascular disease risk. This is particularly true for women. Hypothesis Many female patients with “normal” traditional risk factors or low atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk scores may harbor high risk related to elevated levels of Lp(a). Methods A retrospective, cross-sectional study of consecutive female patients presenting to Heart Centers for Women was performed. Discordance between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and Lp(a) was determined. The ASCVD risk and Reynolds Risk Score models A (RRS-A) and B (RRS-B) were calculated, and level of agreement in patients meeting treatment threshold (≥7.5% for ASCVD, ≥10% for RRS-A and RRS-B) were compared. Results Among 713 women, 290 (41%) had elevated Lp(a); however, LDL-C and Lp(a) were weakly correlated (r = 0.08). Significant discordance was observed between abnormal LDL-C and Lp(a) levels (McNemar P = 0.03). There was moderate correlation between RRS-A and ASCVD risk (r = 0.71, P < 0.001), and Bland-Altman plot showed diminished correlation with increased risk. More patients met treatment threshold by ASCVD risk estimation, but nearly 1 out of 20 patients met treatment threshold by RRS-A but not ASCVD score. Conclusions There is high prevalence of elevated Lp(a) among women presenting to Heart Centers for Women. Although traditional risk markers such as elevated LDL-C or high ASCVD risk may be absent in some women, elevated Lp(a) may identify patients who may benefit from aggressive risk-factor modification and pharmacologic therapy.
Clinical Features of Idiopathic Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia

The clinical features of 121 patients, referred for genetic study, with a presumptive diagnosis of idiopathic paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), were reviewed by a multicenter panel and reported from the University of Calfornia, San Francisco.
Memory for Object Locations in Young and Elderly Adults

The spatial memory of elderly and young adults was compared in two conditions: one in which common objects were displayed on a map, and one in which the objects were displayed in an actual environment (a large room) represented by the map. In the map condition, elderly adults had lower spatial memory scores than did young adults. In the room condition, however, the performance of elderly adults was not different from that of young adults. It was hypothesized that differences in the visual distinctiveness of the two contexts, map and room, were responsible for the interaction of age and task setting. An experiment using models of the map-room structures, models that differed in the visual distinctiveness of their components, confirmed this hypothesis.
Comparison of treatment planning decisions when combining CBCT and digital radiography verses digital radiography alone

v Introduction 1 Materials and Methods 8 Results 11 Discussion 16 References 19 Appendices 22 Vita 33
Scattering of light from a stationary nonuniformly correlated medium.

A mathematical model for describing a three-dimensional, nonuniformly correlated, weak scattering medium is introduced. It is assumed that the medium occupies a volume in which a relatively high degree of spatial refractive index correlation may exist in some small sub-region, whether on or off its center. Within the validity of the first-order Born approximation, the far-zone spectral density of a plane wave scattered from such a medium is determined. We find that the introduced scatterer has a remarkable capability for producing a focused peak on or off the scattering axis. It is shown that by altering the position of the high correlation center within the medium, it is possible to control the peak position and peak intensity of the scattered spectral density. For certain combinations of the average medium’s correlation width and the location of the highly correlated region, the scattered spectral density (intensity) may also acquire one-dimensional sidelobes.
Ultrastructural analysis of differentiation of rat endoderm in vitro. Adipose vascular-stromal cells induce endoderm differentiation, which in turn induces differentiation of the vascular-stromal cells into chondrocytes.

Isolated definitive endoderm from 9-day-old rat embryos was cultivated up to 24 days in plastic and glass petri dishes and on developing vascular-stromal cells (mesenchymal cells) from epididymal white and interscapular brown adipose tissue of 4-week-old male rats. Explants were analyzed histologically and ultrastructurally. Endoderm attached to the bottom of the glass or petri dishes degenerated under one week of cultivation. Endoderm free floating in the culture medium developed into unilaminar vesicles whose flat epithelium did not differentiate. However, endoderm inoculated on developing mesenchymal cells differentiated into glandular explants or into ciliated pseudostratified columnar respiratory epithelium. The glandular explants were made up of at least four different kinds of cells whose cytoplasm showed predominantly: a) polyribosomes, b) lysosomes, c) mitochondria or d) cytoskeletal filaments. Endodermal cells differentiated only if, during cultivation, they were in contact with or in close proximity to developing mesenchymal cells. Endoderm differentiating into the respiratory epithelium in turn directed differentiation of the underlying vascular-stromal cells into lamina propria cells and chondrocytes. Cultivated vascular-stromal cells in the upper layers became thicker, ellipsoid in shape and with enlarged intercellular space. They appeared to be lamina propria cells and, together with the respiratory epithelium, built folds of respiratory mucosa. The vascular-stromal cells in the layers close to the bottom developed into chondrocytes; i.e., the cells became oval and agglomerated in nest like structures with a defined extracellular matrix. Their cytoplasm contained abundant cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum and numerous vacuoles with PAS positive substance. These observations showed that even developing vascular-stromal cells from adipose tissue from postlactating rats can trigger the process of definitive endoderm differentiation. Once triggered, differentiating endoderm influenced differentiation of the vascular-stromal cells into the cells and tissues of a wall of the respiratory tract.
Humor étnico y discriminación en La paisana Jacinta

espanolLos textos televisivos interpretan y analizan la realidad circundante e influyen en la vision que la audiencia tiene del mundo (Harwood y Giles, 1992, p. 409; Mintz, 1985). Es mas, los programas comicos basados en la burla y el sarcasmo hacia grupos etnicos minoritarios refuerzan estereotipos negativos y promueven la discriminacion cultural (Billig, 2005). En este articulo se estudia el humor etnico en La paisana Jacinta (1999–2015). Esta serie peruana ha sido acusada de racista por diversas personas y grupos, entre ellos, la excongresista indigena Hilaria Supa, LUNDU (Centro de Estudios y Promocion Afroperuanos) y CHIRAPAQ (Centro de Culturas Indigenas del Peru). Primero, se analizan las estrategias pragmatico-linguisticas empleadas en la construccion del humor etnico en una seleccion de dialogos y monologos de Jacinta, el personaje principal de la serie. Para ello, se utiliza la Teoria General del Humor Verbal (Attardo y Raskin, 1991; Attardo 2001; Attardo, Hempelmann y Maio, 2002; Attardo, 2008). Asimismo, dado que todo texto es multimodal, se tiene tambien en cuenta como imagenes, gestos, y elementos musicales y prosodicos en la serie contribuyen en la produccion de la comicidad (Kress 2010, 2012). Finalmente, a partir de estos resultados, se examina el contenido comico del programa desde una perspectiva critica (Billig, 2005) para determinar si este es discriminatorio. EnglishTelevision texts interpret and analyze the surrounding reality and influence the audience’s vision of the world (Harwood and Giles, 1992, p. 409; Mintz, 1985). Moreover, comic programs that use sarcastic ethnic humor to represent minority groups reinforce negative stereotypes against them and encourage cultural discrimination. This article studies ethnic humor in La paisana Jacinta (1999–2015). This TV program has been accused of being racist by many people and groups, including the former Indigenous Congresswoman Hilaria Supa, LUNDU (Center for Afro-Peruvian Studies and Empowerment) and CHIRAPAQ (The Center for Indigenous Peoples’ Cultures of Peru). First, this article analyzes the pragmalinguistic strategies employed in the production of humor in a selection of comic dialogues and monologues of the main character, Jacinta. The General Theory of Verbal Humor (Attardo and Raskin, 1991; Attardo, 2001; Attardo, Hempelmann and Maio, 2002; Attardo, 2008) is used for that purpose. At the same time, since texts are multimodal, the images, gestures, musical and prosodic elements in this program – which are used in the production of humor – are also examined (Kress 2010, 2012). Finally, based on these results, the comic content of this program is analyzed from a critical perspective (Billig, 2005) to determine if it is discriminatory.
17)O NMR Investigation of Water Structure and Dynamics.

The structure and dynamics of the bound water in barium chlorate monohydrate were studied with (17)O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in samples that are stationary and spinning at the magic-angle in magnetic fields ranging from 14.1 to 21.1 T. (17)O NMR parameters of the water were determined, and the effects of torsional oscillations of the water molecule on the (17)O quadrupolar coupling constant (CQ) were delineated with variable temperature MAS NMR. With decreasing temperature and reduction of the librational motion, we observe an increase in the experimentally measured CQ explaining the discrepancy between experiments and predictions from density functional theory. In addition, at low temperatures and in the absence of (1)H decoupling, we observe a well-resolved (1)H-(17)O dipole splitting in the spectra, which provides information on the structure of the H2O molecule. The splitting arises because of the homogeneous nature of the coupling between the two (1)H-(17)O dipoles and the (1)H-(1)H dipole.
A Qualitative Study Exploring Community Yoga Practice in Adults with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Abstract Objective: Yoga may improve physical function and reduce disease symptoms in adults with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However, little is known about how patients with RA are practicing yoga in the community. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore community yoga practice characteristics and thoughts about yoga practice for adults with RA. Design: Participants completed a semi-structured telephone interview with open-ended questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyze interview transcripts. Participants: A convenience sample of 17 adults with rheumatologist-diagnosed RA who had participated in yoga within the past year were asked about the decision to start, continue, and stop yoga; the perceived benefits of yoga; components of yoga sessions; and general thoughts about yoga as it relates to RA. Results: Although eight different styles of yoga were practiced, commonalities in yoga class components (such as stretching, strengthening, deep breathing, meditation, and positive messaging...
Hung over? Maybe it’s your overactive microglia

Acute ethanol intake is associated with a mild suppression of microglial activity followed by a more robust inflammatory reaction during the withdrawal period.
A Risk-Based Optimization Model for Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Response to Cyber Attacks

Security of the smart grid is at risk when the vulnerabilities of the electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure is not addressed properly. As vehicles are becoming smarter and connected, their risk of being compromised is increasing. On various occasions and venues, hacking into smart or autonomous vehicles have been shown to be possible. For most of the time, a compromised vehicle poses a threat to the driver and other vehicles. On the other hand, when the vehicle is electric, the attack may spread to the power grid infrastructure starting from the EV supply equipment (EVSE) all the way up to the utility systems. Traditional isolation-based protection schemes do not work well in smart grid since electricity services have availability constraints and few of the components have physical backups. In this paper, we propose a mixed integer linear programming model that jointly optimizes security risk and equipment availability in the interdependent power and EV infrastructure. We adopt an epidemic attack model to mimic malware propagation. We assume malware spreads during EV charging when an EV is charged from an infected EVSE and then travels and recharges at another EVSE. In addition, it spreads through the communication network of EVSEs. The proposed response model aims to isolate a subset of compromised and likely compromised EVSEs. The response model minimizes the risk of attack propagation while providing a satisfactory level of equipment availability to supply demand. Our analysis shows the theoretical and practical bounds for the proposed response model in smart grid in the face of attacks to the EV infrastructure.
Madison House: Riley Carter

This two-part negotiation exercise is used in Negotiations electives at both the Darden School of Business and the McIntire School of Commerce. Together the cases provide the background for a scorable, bilateral, multi-issue negotiation in which there are congruent, distributive, and integrative issues. People and Congregations Engaged in Ministry (PACEM) was a nonprofit organization committed to helping homeless adults in the Charlottesville, Virginia, community find shelter during the cold months. Reliant upon volunteers, PACEM had partnered for the previous five years with Madison House, a nonprofit organization run by students at the University of Virginia that coordinated student volunteers, developed student leaders, and built community partnerships. In preparation for the return of Madison House volunteers to PACEM, Kennedy Brooks, PACEM's executive director and community partner, was going to meet with Riley Carter, Madison House's newly appointed program director, to develop and sign the Community Partner Agreement, which detailed the volunteer experience and logistics for the upcoming school year. Brooks and Carter also had to agree on training and communication procedures for the year, which had historically included mandatory training at Madison House and weekly site e-mail updates. All aspects of the volunteer experience were subject to change each year, and Carter had expressed an interest in making a few changes, but Brooks believed the current structure was ideal. How would the discussion go, and what would the outcomes be? Excerpt UVA-QA-0803 Rev. Jan. 12, 2015 MADISON HOUSE: RILEY CARTER Riley Carter, Madison House's program director for People and Congregations Engaged in Ministry (PACEM), was excited about the upcoming meeting with Kennedy Brooks, PACEM's executive director and community partner. Carter, a fourth-year student at the University of Virginia (U.Va.), had recently been chosen as the program director for PACEM and hoped this year to overhaul and expand the volunteer experience at PACEM. The previous week, in anticipation of the meeting with Brooks, Carter had sent an e-mail outlining the topics of discussion (Exhibit 1). Madison House Madison House was a student-run nonprofit organization that coordinated U.Va. student volunteers, developed student leaders, and built community partnerships. It served as the unofficial community service hub for U.Va. students. Over 3,000 students volunteered their time each week within the Charlottesville, Virginia, community, and they accounted for over 110,000 hours of service each year. . . .
Topics in Nucleic Acids Structure: DNA Interactions and Folding

This chapter introduces further topics in nucleic acid structure, building upon the minitutorial of the previous chapter. These topics include DNA sequence effects, DNA hydration, DNA/protein interactions, and the cellular organization of DNA, including supercoiling and chromatin structure. The next chapter expands upon the related topics of alternative hydrogen bonding schemes, non-canonical helical and hybrid structures, DNA mimics, overstretched and understretched DNA, and RNA structure and folding.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Interactions between the Brood Parasite Chalcoela iphitalis and Its Polistine Wasp Hosts.

The life history of Chalcoela iphitalis—a common brood parasite of social wasps—has been described in previous literature, but critical information regarding oviposition behavior and possible differential host parasitism remain cryptic. Here we report on infestation levels of this moth in field populations of paper wasps in Polistes and Mischocyttarus, as well as the oviposition behavior of the moths under a laboratory setting. We found evidence for differential parasitism between paper wasp genera in the field, with almost 50% nest infestation in P. bellicosus and no occurrences of moth infestation in M. mexicanus. Laboratory results revealed that oviposition occurs only at night and is stimulated by contact with the wasp nest or adult wasps. In this setting, eggs were laid largely on the substrate above or adjacent to the host nest, but not on the nest itself.
Onsite defluoridation system for drinking water treatment using calcium carbonate.

Abstract Fluoride in drinking water has several effects on teeth and bones. At concentrations of 1–1.5 mg/L, fluoride can strengthen enamel, improving dental health, but at concentrations above 1.5 to 4 mg/L can cause dental fluorosis. At concentrations of 4–10 mg/L, skeletal fluorosis can occur. There are many areas of the world that have excessive fluoride in drinking water, such as China, India, Sri Lanka, and the Rift Valley countries in Africa. Treatment solutions are needed, especially in poor areas where drinking water treatment plants are not available. On-site or individual treatment alternatives can be attractive if constructed from common materials and if simple enough to be constructed and maintained by users. Advanced on-site methods, such as under sink reserve osmosis units, can remove fluoride but are too expensive for developing areas. This paper investigates calcium carbonate as a cost effective sorbent for an onsite defluoridation drinking water system. Batch and column experiments were performed to characterize F − removal properties. Fluoride sorption was described by a Freundlich isotherm model, and it was found that the equilibrium time was approximately 3 h. Calcium carbonate was found to have comparable F − removal abilities as the commercial ion exchange resins and possessed higher removal effectiveness compared to calcium containing eggshells and seashells. It was also found that the anion Cl- did not compete with F − at typical drinking water concentrations, having little impact on the effectiveness of the treatment system. A fluoride removal system is proposed that can be used at home and can be maintained by users. Through this work, we can be a step closer to bringing safe drinking water to those that do not have access to it.
Structure, not Bias

Darwin’s Origin of Species , Chapter 9. We have all read it. It is the one where Darwin points out the poor quality of the fossil record, how it does not sufficiently support his ideas. Biologists have also read it. For most scientists, Darwin’s words are their most lasting impression of the fossil record. Compounding matters, we have underscored and emphasized Darwin’s point for the past 150 years by routinely highlighting incompleteness and bias. And if bias was not good enough at scaring off the biologists, we have added megabias. Steven M. Holland Through my career, I have considered the nature of the fossil record, what we call bias, and how we respond to it. Tonight, I want to suggest that we take a different path. As a record of everything that has ever lived on earth, the fossil record is an imperfect and incomplete data set. We know this. However, all data sets are incomplete. For example, we often make a point in our classes about the rarity of fossilization, that only a tiny fraction of organisms that have lived are fossilized. This is true, but it is also true that only a tiny fraction of organisms alive today, much less over the history of earth, will ever be sequenced. We would never argue that all organisms or even that all species must be sequenced for molecular data to be useful. When we emphasize the rarity of fossilization, we hold the fossil record to an unfair standard. We could examine data sets from many other fields, and if we approached those data as we approach our own, we would find incompleteness and bias. Our exaggerated emphasis on the imperfection of the fossil record feeds the perception among scientists in general that the fossil record is an unusually poor data …
Passive Three-Dimensional Spatial-Spectral Analysis Based on k-Space Tomography

A 2D distributed-aperture imaging system paired with a newly developed imaging modality, k-space tomography, is presented for detection of radio waves’ frequency and angle of arrival in azimuthal and elevation directions through coherent optical processing. This technique uses fiber-length dispersion in conjunction with a distributed antenna array to provide unique spatio-temporally encoded charge-coupled device (CCD)-captured interferograms, from which a computational tomographic reconstruction of the RF signal environment at newly allocated 5G bands can be obtained.
Therapeutic Utility of Long-Term Monitoring Diagnosis in Psychogenic Nonepileptic Events (PNEE) on Patient Illness Perception and Hospital Resource Utilization (S08.004)

OBJECTIVE: To determine how psychogenic non-epileptic events (PNEE) and hospital resource utilization change over time prior to and following long-term monitoring (LTM) diagnosis of PNEE using the Michael E. DeBakey Veteran Affairs Medical Center (MEDVAMC) EMR data and questionnaires in Houston, Texas. BACKGROUND: LTM is considered the gold standard in the diagnosis of PNEE, resulting in diagnostic changes and altering clinical management in 24-71% of referrals made to tertiary referral. The average delay in diagnosis of PNEE approaches 7 years, during which time these patients receive unnecessary workup and treatment including ER and outpatient visits (O), inpatient and ICU admissions (I), and antiepileptic drugs (A), all with associated costs and morbidities (5). DESIGN/METHODS: A sequential list of 65 patients admitted for LTM to the VAMC from 2009 to 2012 was used for review of all encounters. All O, I, and A up to 7 years prior to and 1 year following definitive LTM diagnoses of PNEE were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to determine how resource utilization changed and how diagnosis affected patients9 illness experience and productivity. All analyses were performed in Matlab. RESULTS: There was a trend toward fewer outpatient visits related to PNEE as well as various other diagnoses following LTM. There were far fewer inpatient visits and no ICU admissions for PNEE either before or after LTM. AED use also declined after diagnosis. PNEE frequency and intensity, productivity, did not change as readily per patient questionnaires, yet disatisfaction with PNEE diagnosis was not instantiated through search for a second opinion or development of new unexplained symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Despite variable improvement of PNEE frequency and intensity, and self-reported productivity, the patients do appear to utilize health-care resources less. Supported by: Advancing Clinical Excellence resident research grant at Baylor College of Medicine. Disclosure: Dr. Nunez-Wallace has nothing to disclose. Dr. Murphey has nothing to disclose. Dr. Chen has nothing to disclose.
Genetik der Eukaryonten: Pilzgenetik

Der Vorteil der Pilze fur genetische Analysen besteht darin, das viele von ihnen haploid sind, und einige von ihnen einen Lebenszyklus besitzen, in dem man die vier Meioseprodukte untersuchen kann. Man nennt dies Tetradenanalyse. Die Lebenszyklen zweier Pilze, Saccharomyces (einer Sproshefe) und Neurospora crassa (einem myzelbildenden Pilz), werden hier beschrieben werden. An beiden Organismen lassen sich Tetradenanalysen (und molekulargenetische Experimente) ausfuhren.
Assessment of eddy current effects on compression experiments in the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor

The eddy current induced on the Tokamak Fusion Test Reactor vacuum vessel during compression experiments is estimated based on a cylindrical model. It produces an error magnetic field that generate...
3D Design and Photogrammetry

This chapter describes a framework for the design process with a specific focus on three-dimensional designs. It gives an overview of the elements of design: color, line, shape, texture, space, and form, and then the principles of design: unity, emphasis, placement, size and proportion, balance, symmetry and asymmetry, repetition, proximity, and dynamics. It also investigates convergent design paradigms from cinematography combined with 3D designs, which results in 2D images.
Resolution of Large Outer Retinal Fold Following Retinal Detachment Surgery With Visual Acuity Restoration to 20/20: A Case Report and Literature Review:

Purpose:To report a case of macular fold formation following surgical repair of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in a 57-year-old man treated with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), subretinal fluid end...
Social Learning and Incentives for Experimentation and Communication

Low adoption of agricultural technologies holds large productivity consequences for developing countries. Many countries hire agricultural extension agents to communicate with farmers about new technologies, even though a large academic literature has established that information from social networks is a key determinant of product adoption. We incorporate social learning in extension policy using a large-scale field experiment in which we communicate to farmers using different members of social networks. We show that communicator own adoption and effort are susceptible to small performance incentives, and the social identity of the communicator influences others’ learning and adoption. Farmers appear most convinced by communicators who share a group identity with them, or who face comparable agricultural conditions. Exploring the incentives for injection points in social networks to experiment with and communicate about new technologies can take the influential social learning literature in a more policy-relevant direction.
Presentation Slides for 'Limited Attention, Information Disclosure, and Financial Reporting'

This paper models firms' choices between alternative means of presenting information, and the effects of different presentations on market prices when investors have limited attention and processing power. In a market equilibrium with partially attentive investors, we examine the effects of alternative: levels of discretion in pro forma earnings disclosure, methods of accounting for employee option compensation, and degrees of aggregation in reporting. We derive empirical implications relating pro forma adjustments, option compensation, the growth, persistence, and informativeness of earnings, short-run managerial incentives, and other firm characteristics to stock price reactions, misvaluation, long-run abnormal returns, and corporate decisions. The paper is available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=334940.
THE IMPACT OF A CLOSED CARDIAC INTENSIVE CARE UNIT MODEL WITH A DEDICATED HEART FAILURE SPECIALIST ON THE PRIMARY OUTCOME OF DEATH IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS

Evidence shows that a closed medical intensive care unit (MICU) model results in a reduction in mortality compared to an open unit model to which any provider can admit patients and subsequently manage their care. We hypothesize that adopting a closed unit model in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (