cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Upgrade Planning of Used Products Considering Uncertainty in Market Demand, Quantity and Variability in Quality of Returns

Remanufacturing is becoming an important business as market demand for remanufactured products increases and environmental legislation puts further enforcement on Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs). However, profitability of salvaging operations is still a challenge in remanufacturing industry. Several factors influence the cost effectiveness of remanufacturing operations, including variability in the quality of received used items and uncertainty in the quantity of return flows and the market demand for those products. Remanufacturing companies need to handle these sources of uncertainties in order to improve their profitability. The current paper develops a Stochastic Optimization method to model these sources of uncertainties in take-back and inventory planning systems. The main purpose of the model is to determine the best upgrade level for a received product with certain quality level with the aim of profit maximization. An example of personal computer is provided to show the application of the method.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Estrogen pyrazoles: defining the pyrazole core structure and the orientation of substituents in the ligand binding pocket of the estrogen receptor.

Abstract Previously, we reported that certain tetrasubstituted 1,3,5-triaryl-4-alkyl-pyrazoles bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) with high affinity (Fink, B. E.; Mortenson, D. S.; Stauffer, S. R.; Aron, Z. D.; Katzenellenbogen, J. A. Chem. Biol. 1999, 6, 205–219; Stauffer, S. R.; Katzenellenbogen, J. A. J. Comb. Chem. 2000, 2, 318–329; Stauffer, S. R.; Coletta, C. J.; Sun, J.; Tedesco, R.; Katzenellenbogen, B. S.; Katzenellenbogen, J. A. J. Med. Chem. 2000, submitted). To investigate how cyclic permutation of the two nitrogen atoms of a pyrazole might affect ER binding affinity, we prepared a new pyrazole core isomer, namely a 1,3,4-triaryl-5-alkyl-pyrazole (2), to compare it with our original pyrazole (1). We also prepared several peripherally matched core pyrazole isomer sets to investigate whether the two pyrazole series share a common binding orientation. Our efficient, regioselective synthetic route to these pyrazoles relies on the acylation of a hydrazone anion, followed by cyclization, halogenation, and Suzuki coupling. We found that the ER accommodates 1,3,4-triaryl-pyrazoles of the isomeric series only somewhat less well than the original 1,3,5-triaryl series, and it appears that both series share a common binding mode. This preferred orientation for the 1,3,5-triaryl-4-alkyl-pyrazoles is supported by binding affinity measurements of analogues in which the phenolic hydroxyl groups were systematically removed from each of the three aryl groups, and the orientation is consistent, as well, with molecular modeling studies. These studies provide additional insight into the design of heterocyclic core structures for the development of high affinity ER ligands by combinatorial methods.
Quantifying the Motion of Murine Epicardial Coronary Arteries

Coronary artery atherosclerosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in western societies. Atherosclerosis is a progressive fibroinflammatory disease identified by intimal thickening, the focal accumulation of lipids, fibrous elements, and cellular elements within the walls of large arteries. These lesions preferentially develop at arterial branches, the outer walls of bifurcations, and the inner walls of curved sections; the cause of this focal vasculopathy is not fully understood. It is, however, understood from epidemiological and clinical studies that individual susceptibility to the development and progression of atherosclerotic lesions is influenced by “traditional” systemic risk factors, including smoking, diabetes mellitus, obesity, hypertension, and high cholesterol. However, these risk factors cannot account for half of the variability in occurrence of this disease; this indicates additional risk factors have not been identified. One prevalent explanation of the focal nature of the disease is that the local fluid mechanical stresses at the walls of coronary arteries, as well as mechanical stresses within the vessel wall, may mediate the phenotype of endothelial cells thereby producing atherosusceptible sites. Therefore, it has been speculated [1] that certain aspects of arterial geometry and motion, which vary substantially among individuals, may increase an individual’s susceptibility to developing atherosclerosis — “geometric risk factors”.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Moving places: the geography of warehousing in the US

Abstract Changes in the way that raw materials, intermediate goods, and finished products move through the American economy have altered the role and increased the importance of warehouses. This article examines the changing geography of warehouses in the US between 1998 and 2005. The distribution of the warehousing industry is examined to discern the degree to which the expansion of warehousing has gravitated towards places with superior accessibility in the nation’s air, maritime, rail, and highway transportation networks. The analyses indicate that the number of warehousing establishments in 2005 and the 1998–2005 growth in the number of warehousing establishments across a sample of 143 metropolitan counties were strongly correlated with county-level measures of accessibility in air and highway and to a lesser extent rail networks. These results could be useful to communities interested in harnessing this dynamic part of the economy for economic development.
Hepatitis C dilemma

The aim of this open trial was to assess the efficacy and the safety of interferon (IFN) alfa therapy in liver transplant recipients with chronic active hepatitis caused by hepatitis C virus. In July 1991, among 447 liver recipients regularly observed at our institution, 46 had developed HCV-related chronic active hepatitis defined by piece meal necrosis. Fourteen of these 46 patients received IFN alfa 3mlU three times weekly for a planned duration of 6 months and were compared to the 32 untreated patients. Genotyping and quantification of viremia were performed using type-specific amplification and branched DNA assay. Histological follow-up was available in all patients and routinely before and after IFN therapy. Treated and untreated patients did not differ reading gender, age, length of follow-up, maximum histological score, and genotypes (41 or 46 were of type 1b). Induction of chronic rejection was observed in 5 of 14 treated patients leading to retransplantation in 3. In contrast, chronic rejection occurred in 1 of 32 untreated patients (P < .005) during the posttransplantation follow-up. Among the 9 treated patients without rejection, a decrease of transaminases or of HCV RNA levels of more than 50% were observed in 8 and 4, respectively; 2 patients had a complete response, and 1 did not relapse after discontinuation of IFN. Histological improvement occurred in 2 of the treated patients and in none of the untreated patients. IFN therapy in liver transplant recipients has poor antiviral effect and can induce chronic rejection. Its use in this setting should be cautious.
Laboratory studies with the mosquito iridescent virus (MIV)

Abstract The regular mosquito iridescent virus and a blue MIV of Aedes taeniorhynchus were serially passed through 68 and 30 generations, respectively, of larvae of A. taeniorhynchus ; the average rate of infection for the regular MIV was 16%; that for the blue MIV was 21%. The maximum level of infection was usually reached when large numbers of early-instar larvae were exposed for 48 hr to substantial amounts of MIV material and the larvae were reared to the fourth stadium at 25°C. The rate of cross infection between known hosts of MIV was always less than 1%. Attempts to transmit MIV to larvae of nine species of mosquitoes not known to be hosts of MIV were successful only with Aedes sollicitans . About a 20% patent infection occurred in the larval progeny of adult A. taeniorhynchus derived from early fourth-instar larvae exposed to MIV. Such transovarian transmission was also observed in the MIV of Psorophora ferox .
Bacterial subversion of the host secretory pathway

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) can be thought of as a large, membrane-bound factory in which many of the proteins to be delivered to other cellular organelles are produced. Residing in the ER are chaperones and modifying enzymes that ensure newly manufactured proteins are packaged properly and addressed for correct delivery to other organelles. Cargo to be shipped from the ER is loaded into vesicles at specialized subdomains of the ER, sometimes called ER exit sites. Central to the processes of packaging and export of cargo from the ER is the protein known as Sar-1 and a complex of cytosolic coat proteins called CopII (1). Sar-1 is a regulatory GTPase, which means that in the GTP-bound state it is active and recruits the CopII coat to membranes, and in the GDP-bound state it is inactive. After exit, the retrieval of material back to the ER is controlled by another GTPase, called Arf, and a complex of cytosolic proteins called CopI (2). Thus, ER exit sites act as loading docks through which vesicular traffic is occurring, and this traffic is being carefully controlled by the Cops (Fig. 1 A and B ). In this issue of PNAS, Celli et al. (3) make the exciting discovery that the microbial pathogen Brucella abortus is able to fool the host cell Cops and gain entry to the ER, which allows this bacterium to rob the cell of nutrients stored within this privileged site and to replicate intracellularly. Fig. 1. Vacuoles containing Brucella and Legionella converge on the secretory pathway at different stages. ( A ) Sar-1 activation leads to the recruitment of the CopII coat complex to ER membranes. CopII recruits cargo that is to be delivered to other organelles and packages the cargo into membrane tubules and vesicles. In cells producing Sar-1[T39N], CopII recruitment to membranes is inhibited, and …
Kindergarten Adjustment Difficulty: The Contribution of Children's Effortful Control and Parental Control

Research Findings: This paper examines the extent to which children's effortful control and early family experiences predict difficulty in kindergarten adjustment. One hundred and eighty-two children from 31 kindergarten classrooms in rural elementary schools in the Southeast participated. Teachers reported on children's difficulty with kindergarten adjustment, and parents completed measures assessing children's effortful control (inhibitory control and attentional focus) and types of parental control (i.e., lax, firm, and harsh). A hierarchical regression analysis was performed to address three research questions: First, how does effortful control (inhibitory control and attentional focus) contribute to children's difficulty with kindergarten adjustment? Second, how does parental control predict children's difficulty with kindergarten adjustment? Third, to what extent does parental control moderate the relation between effortful control and difficulty with kindergarten adjustment? Practice or Policy: Chi...
An optical system for wireless detuning of parallel resonant circuits.

A new optical method of detuning parallel resonant circuits is described. This method involves the integration of a photoresistor in parallel with the inductor and capacitor of a parallel resonant circuit, in this case a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) receiver coil. A fiberoptic cable extending the length of the interventional device is used in conjunction with an external light source to deliver light to the photoresistor. Exposing the photoresistor to light changes its bulk resistance and greatly lowers the Q of the parallel resonant circuit, effectively detuning it. By combining this optical detuning scheme with inductive coupling of the interventional device-mounted microcoils to a standard MRI coil, a completely wireless device for active device tracking has been created. This new device improves on current technology by simplifying device complexity and reducing patient risk by eliminating the need for electrical connections between the device-mounted microcoils to the MR receiver channel. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2000;12:632–638. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lipophilic peptides and proteins of brain. I. Their relation to development of the brain and myelin formation.

Abstract A survey of the lipophilic peptides and proteins of mouse brain from one day of age to the adult was made. It was found that these represent two groups of substances. The first represents a mixture of many large peptides with different chromatographic and electrophoretic characters and different amino acid compositions at different ages. These large peptides represent the bulk of the compounds that release amino acids on hydrolysis of a chloroform-methanol extract of brain. The second is a specific protein fraction which is present in increasing amounts from the one-day to the adult animal brain. It appears to possess a constant amino acid composition through all ages. It increases rapidly after the 20th day, accounting for greater percentages of the total lipide with maturation. This protein has been named neurosclerin because of its peculiar properties. Methods for its isolation and quantitation in brain are presented.
Scanning ultraviolet two-step laser mass spectroscopy of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon distributions on creosote-contaminated soil particles.

The distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on creosote-contaminated soil has been examined with scanning ultraviolet two-step laser desorption/laser ionization mass spectroscopy (UV-L2MS). The instrument has been constructed in-house by modifying a reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Two-dimensional chemical maps were accurately generated from model patterned PAH distributions. From examination of three-dimensional substrates, the depth of field of the experiment allows surfaces with roughness of up to 120 μm to be treated as a two-dimensional system and still achieve an accurate representation of the surface deposits. Soil was obtained from a former wood treatment facility. Individual particles of 100−1000 μm were mounted on indexed sample plates and examined by reflectance infrared microscopy, optical microscopy, and imaging UV-L2MS. The most intense PAH signals were associated with regions on the particles where clay/organic carbon deposits were found.
Hybrid wave/mode active control of bending vibrations in beams based on the advanced Timoshenko theory

Abstract A hybrid approach to active control of bending vibrations in beams based on the advanced Timoshenko theory is described in this paper. It combines elements of both wave and mode approaches to active control and is an attempt to improve on the performance of these approaches individually. As is well known that the classical Euler–Bernoulli beam model considers only the lateral inertia and the elastic forces caused by bending deflections, and the effects of rotary inertia and shear distortion are neglected. As a result, the theory is not valid for higher frequencies, typically when the transverse dimensions are not negligible with respect to the wavelength. In the proposed hybrid approach based on the advanced Timoshenko model, wave control is first applied at one or more points in the structure. It is designed on the basis of the local behavior of the structure and is intended to either absorb vibrational energy or add damping, especially at higher frequencies. Then modal control is applied, being designed on the basis of the modified global equations of motion of the structure-plus-wave-controller. Because the higher order modes are relatively well damped, hybrid control improves the model accuracy and the robustness of the system and gives better broadband vibration attenuation performance. Numerical results are presented.
Management of noninfectious corneal ulcers.

Noninfectious corneal ulcers can occur as an isolated ocular problem (e.g., sequela of eye injury, Mooren's ulcer) or they may be associated with various collagen vascular or other autoimmune diseases, sometimes being the presenting sign of the disease. Conditions that affect the integrity of the ocular surface epithelium (exposure keratitis, neurotrophic keratitis, keratomalacia, recurrent corneal erosions) may also lead to development of sterile corneal ulcers. Rarely, these ulcers occur as a complication following cataract surgery. With recent advances in the understanding of the causes and pathophysiology of corneal melting, rapid and effective medical and surgical treatment is often able to halt relentless destruction of the cornea. Since treatment varies vastly depending on the underlying cause of the ulceration, prompt and accurate diagnosis is of critical importance. This review presents guidelines for the diagnosis of corneal ulcers, and a stepwise approach to their medical and surgical treatment.
Incremental planning in sequence production.

People produce long sequences such as speech and music with incremental planning: mental preparation of a subset of sequence events. The authors model in music performance the sequence events that can be retrieved and prepared during production. Events are encoded in terms of their serial order and timing relative to other events in a planning increment, a contextually determined distribution of event activations. Planning is facilitated by events' metrical similarity and serial/temporal proximity and by developmental changes in short-term memory. The model's predictions of larger planning increments as production rate decreases and as producers' age-experience increases are confirmed in serial-ordering errors produced by adults and children. Incremental planning is considered as a general retrieval constraint in serially ordered behaviors.
Novel Role for Aeromonas jandaei as a Digestive Tract Symbiont of the North American Medicinal Leech

The gut bacteria of the North American medicinal leech, Macrobdella decora, were characterized. Biochemical tests and DNA sequences indicated that Aeromonas jandaei is the dominant culturable symbiont in leeches from a broad geographic area. In this work we identified a new habitat for A. jandaei, and here we suggest that there is unexpected specificity between leeches and Aeromonas species.
Correlates of prescription drug misuse among heterosexually active homeless men.

Objective: Prescription drug misuse (PDM) is an emerging epidemic in the United States. This study examines the prevalence and correlates of PDM among homeless men. Homeless men experience higher r...
Progressive representation, transmission, and visualization of 3D objects

Files containing 3D objects, typically represented at 3D meshes with certain geometry and texture information, are very large. Therefore, not only do 3D objects take a lot of storage space, it is also extremely time-consuming to transmit them over the network for visualization. In addition, most 3D visualization applications need the entire 3D data file to render the 3D object even though the user may be interested in only a small part or a low-resolution version of the object. Progressive coding of 3D objects can resolve these problems. In this paper, we report our recent progress in progressive representation, transmission, and visualization of 3D objects. In our scheme, both geometry and the texture of the 3D object are progressively coded and transmitted. More perceptually important information is transmitted before the lens important information, which allows the user to stop the transmission at any time and yet retain the best available perceptual quality of the object at that time. Furthermore, the visible portion of the object is transmitted first and the non-visible portion is transmitted later, or not transmitted at all, in order to save the overall bandwidth.
Level structure of 48V

Abstract Energy levels in 48 V up to 3.7 MeV of excitation were identified from the reactions 46 Ti( 3 He, p) 48 V and 50 Cr(d, α ) 48 V. Reaction particles were momentum analysed in the MIT multiple-gap spectrograph. The Q -value for the (d, α) reaction was found to be 4.923±0.015 MeV. The stronger ( 3 He, p) transitions were analysed to obtain values of the transferred angular momentum. The results are discussed in terms of 1 f 7 2 shell-model calculations. The transition to the 48 Ti ground-state analogue was observed, and the 48 V- 48 Ti Coulomb energy difference was found to be ΔE C = 7.813±0.025 MeV.
NLN/Jeffries Simulation Framework State of the Science Project: Participant Construct

Abstract Background The initial Jeffries Simulation Framework was developed by Jeffries and Rogers in 2007 to guide the evolving simulation-based education. This framework identified five constructs: student, teacher, educational practices, simulation design characteristics, and outcomes. In 2011, the International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning assembled a panel of simulation experts to review the literature to establish evidence for each of the framework constructs. This report summarizes the findings of the research about the simulation student construct and the rationale for expanding the label from student to participant. Method A database was used to collate literature citations and findings to identify who participates in simulation and their associated characteristics. Preliminary findings were presented at the 2012 International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL) annual conference and feedback from attendees was solicited. The team then summarized the findings and considered the attendee comments. Results Findings from the literature suggest that the construct be changed from student to participant. This article used current literature and expertise to expand the original participant descriptors to four elements: demographics, roles/responsibilities, attributes, and values. The paper further presents characteristics for each element. Conclusion It was notable that the participants in simulation were seldom the focus of the literature. Early on, it became evident that there was no consistency about what the participants in the simulation were called or what their roles were. The broadening of the term from student to participant allowed for the inclusion of the range of individuals involved in simulation. Standardization of terminology will provide more consistency, improving descriptions, and reporting of simulation activities in the literature.
Polarization of Ne 21 by Spin Exchange with Optically Pumped Rb Vapor

We report investigations of spin exchange between $^{21}\mathrm{Ne}$ nuclei and optically pumped Rb vapor. Polarization of 30% ($〈{K}_{z}〉=0.46$) of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ has been achieved with a vapor pressure of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{14}$ atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ of Rb. This high density of alkali metal can be efficiently optically pumped only when light trapping is suppressed by inclusion of at least 100 Torr of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$. In addition, we have made the first accurate measurement of the binary-collision spin-exchange rate: $〈{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{ex}}v〉=(4.66\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.28)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$-${\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. Extension of these techniques to $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ has yielded 5% polarization of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$ atoms-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in a preliminary experiment.
A combined STAP/DPCA algorithm for enhanced endoclutter target detection

Displaced Phase Center Antenna (DPCA) and Space-Time Adaptive Processing (STAP) are two general methods to cancel clutter in order to detect small, slowly moving targets that may be obscured by clutter. To detect these targets, the radar detection threshold needs to be as low as possible to ensure some minimum probability of detection (Pd). Unfortunately, lowering the radar threshold naturally results in a higher false alarm rate. Although there are standard methods such as M of N to reduce the false alarms, new techniques can potentially drive the false alarm rate down even further. Many “theoretical” papers have shown that STAP can be designed to outperform DPCA because of its potential additional “degrees-of-freedom”. However, in “practice,” this isn’t always the case. For example, it is well known that STAP can have training issues in heterogeneous clutter. Typically, a radar signal processor will implement one method or the other to detect these small endoclutter targets. The technique being explored here is a two-fold approach in which the existing STAP code first processes the data in order to find a list of candidate targets. Next, a DPCA technique is also used to find a separate list of candidate detections from the same data. Although the algorithms are working on the same data, the processing is “independent” between them so the target lists are different. After both techniques have finished processing, the modified radar signal processing code “intelligently” combines the two detection lists into a single detection list. It will be shown that the combined list of detections from the two methods results in better detection performance than either method used separately.
The impact of daylighting on peak electrical demand

Abstract A complete analysis of the cost-effectiveness of daylighting strategies should include the impact of daylighting on peak electrical demand as well as on energy consumption. We utilized an hour-by-hour building energy analysis program to study the thermal and daylighting impacts of fenestration on peak demand. Fenestration properties and lighting system characteristics were varied parametrically for office buildings in Madison WI and Lake Charles LA. Peak electrical demand was disaggregated by component and by zone, monthly patterns of peak demand were examined, and impacts of fenestration performance on chiller size were studied. The results suggest that for daylighted office buildings, the peak electrical demand results from a complex trade-off between cooling load due to fenestration parameters, lighting load reductions due to glazing and lighting system characteristics. Lowest peak demands generally occur with small to moderate size apertures. With daylighting, peak electrical demand is reduced by 10 to 20% for the building configuration studied (37% perimeter zone, 63% core zone). This work indicates that solar gain through fenestration must be effectively controlled in order to realize the potential of daylighting to significantly reduce peak electrical demand.
Styling locally, styling globally: What does it mean?

In discussion of the papers in this special issue, we note that styling and crossing are not new phenomena, but are found world wide and are very old. This suggests that analyses of styling and crossing in comparative and historical perspective would be highly desirable. Such analysis will require rigorous macroanalytic characterizations of speakers and interlocutors in order to make comparison possible. The complex pragmatic effects of styling challenge both theory and method in pragmatics, but we will not fully understand what these challenges are until we attempt relatively formal analysis of these effects, which must include very large-scale phenomena such as domination and appropriation versus transgression and liberation.
Structure of direct-photon events

In lowest-order perturbative quantum chromodynamics we study correlations between a high-transverse-momentum direct photon produced in high-energy hadron-hadron interactions and the away-side jet. In pp collisions this jet is usually a u quark, and we investigate the consequences of this.
Design of three-layer equivalent films

Expressions for the optical thicknesses required to construct an equivalent film of arbitrary equivalent index and equivalent optical thickness in the form of a symmetric three-layer stack consisting of two materials in the order pqp are presented. These expressions provide a general building block approach for designing multilayer coatings.
Dissolution of angiographically detected intracoronary thrombus for unstable angina pectoris after aspirin therapy.

Abstract Atherosclerotic plaque disruption with nonocclusive coronary artery thrombosis plays a major role in the pathogenesis of unstable angina pectoris. 1 Progression to cardiac death or nonfatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs in more than 10% of these patients within 3 months 2 and is not prevented by conventional medical treatment with nitrate, β-blocking or calcium antagonist drugs. Two multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials have shown a 50% reduction in mortality and nonfatal AMI rates with aspirin therapy, 2,3 presumably from inhibition of platelet-dependent thrombus formation. This report provides arteriographic evidence of thrombus dissolution in patients with unstable angina whose condition improved on aspirin therapy.
Cognition and survival in a biracial urban population of old people

We examined the relation of level of cognition to survival in a biracial community population of more than 10,000 older persons. At baseline, participants completed 4 cognitive tests from which a composite global cognitive measure was derived. During up to 14 years of follow-up (mean = 6.9 years), 4201 people died (41.6%). Higher level of cognitive function was associated with increased survival even after controlling for health related and lifestyle variables. The association did not differ between African Americans and whites; it was stronger in older than younger persons; and it was especially pronounced for perceptual speed. The results underscore the importance of cognition to survival in old age.
A comparative analysis of LEF-1 in odontogenic and salivary tumors

LEF-1 is a nuclear transcription factor of the Wnt pathway that regulates multipotent skin stem cell differentiation. β-Catenin is considered a transcriptional coactivator that interacts with LEF-1.This study evaluates LEF-1 in a variety of odontogenic and salivary tumors and determines the prevalence of β-catenin coexpression. Ninety-eight salivary gland tumors and 51 odontogenic tumors were evaluated for LEF-1 and β-catenin immunohistochemical staining. Positivity was defined as at least 2+ intensity in more than 50% of tumor cells, which required a composite score of 6 or more. LEF-1 was positive in 64% (7/11) of calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors (CCOT). Nuclear β-catenin was present in 82% (9/11) of CCOT. Coexpression of LEF-1 and nuclear β-catenin was noted in all LEF-1-positive CCOT. Strong and diffuse LEF-1 expression was seen in 69% (11/16) of basal cell adenocarcinomas (BCAC) and 63% (5/8) of basal cell adenomas (BA). Nuclear β-catenin was present in 50% (4/8) of BA and 43% (6/14) of BCAC. For BA, 4 of 5 LEF-1-positive tumors showed coexpression of β-catenin, and for BCAC, 5 of 9 LEF-1-positive tumors showed coexpression. In conclusion, this study documents for the first time the presence of LEF-1 expression and nuclear β-catenin coexpression in select basaloid salivary gland tumors and various odontogenic tumors. We demonstrate LEF-1 expression in both BA and BCAC preferentially over other salivary gland tumors suggesting some utility as a diagnostic marker.
Controlled Hydrosilylation of Carbonyls and Imines Catalyzed by a Cationic Aluminum Alkyl Complex

The synthesis, characterization, and unprecedented catalytic activity of cationic aluminum alkyl complexes toward hydrosilylation are described. X-ray crystallographic analysis of Tp*AlMe2 (1) and [Tp*AlMe][I3] (3) revealed the preference of Al for a tetrahedral coordination environment and the versatility of the Tp* ligand in stabilizing Al in bi- and tridentate coordination modes. [Tp*AlMe][MeB(C6F5)3] (2) is highly active toward the hydrosilylation of a wide variety of carbonyls and imines, thus providing an inexpensive and versatile alternative to late transition metal catalysts.
Using sensitivity and uncertainty analyses to improve predictions of broad-scale forest development

Abstract The FORET model of forest development can be used to estimate influences of natural and anthropogenic disturbances on forest dynamics. Interpreting the effects of these disturbances requires an understanding of sources of error in the model; however, error analysis of a complex model is not straightforward. The method of applying sensitivity and uncertainty analyses in this paper takes advantage of the modular structure of the FORET code to examine errors that occur as a result of parameter variability or inadequate representation of the natural variability of the system. The FORET model can be broken down into factors affecting tree birth, death and growth, and the growth module is composed of an equation for optimal growth that is modified by effects of prevailing environmental conditions. Both the analytical and Monte Carlo sensitivity analyses show that optimal tree growth is most sensitive to the maximum diameter of a species (a parameter obtained from field measures). The uncertainty analysis focuses on spatial heterogeneity as a source of errors due to inadequate representation of the natural variability. Errors that occur as a result of extrapolating from a few plots to a region have greater impact on projections of above-ground stem-wood volume for those forest types which have the highest projected volume per area and the greatest land area covered. Measured and projected forest volume for the state of Vermont compare well. Improvements in the comparison depend on reducing the variability in measured volume, particularly for the maple-beech-birch forest type. These results demonstrate procedures of sensitivity and uncertainty analyses of complex simulation models that are useful for interpretation of model projections for large regions.
Optimized nanospherical layered alternating metal-dielectric probes for optical sensing

Multishell nanospheres have been proposed as a class of layered alternating metal-dielectric probes (LAMPs) that can greatly enhance sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities of optical molecular imaging . Here we theoretically demonstrate that the interplasmonic coupling within these spheres and hence their spectral responses can be tuned by a rational selection of layer thicknesses. As a proof-of-concept, layered Mie theory calculations of near- and far-field characteristics followed by a genetic algorithm-based selection are presented for gold-silica, silver-silica and copper-silica LAMPs. The results demonstrate that the optical tunability available allows for design of application (excitation wavelength)-specific probes of different sizes. The tunability further increases with number of layers and within a particular allowable probe size provides for structures with distinct resonances at longer wavelengths. The concept of scaling internal field resonances is also shown theoretically and the range over which the magnitudes can be tuned are presented.
Genetic insights into the historical distribution of Polylepis pauta (Rosaceae) in the northeastern Cordillera Oriental of Ecuador

Scattered patches of Polylepis forest that occur within the 3,000–4,500 m altitudinal belt of the Andean Cordillera from Venezuela to Argentina have been hypothesized to be remnants of once continuous forests whose range became fragmented through anthropogenic activities that probably preceded the Spanish conquest. Allozyme variation of Polylepis pauta from 12 forest populations in three adjacent watersheds in Northeastern Ecuador was investigated to assess whether observed patterns of gene diversity were consistent with a more continuous historical range of the species and to evaluate the populations’ potential for restoration. Genetic diversity and polymorphism in P. pauta populations were higher than mean values for most wind pollinated and dispersed temperate and tropical tree species with regional distributions. Genetic differentiation among watersheds was lower than among populations within each watershed. Isolation by distance was not evident and several populations from different watersheds were more genetically similar than populations from the same watershed. Larger forest patches with broader altitudinal ranges had more alleles. Forest patches on steeper slopes and at higher elevations supported populations with less genetic diversity; this might have resulted from the predominance of vegetative reproduction in these landslide prone areas. The amount of genetic diversity maintained by P. pauta, coupled with low genetic differentiation among populations within and among watersheds, is consistent with a more continuous historical range of the species in Northeastern Ecuador and point to the Oyacachi basin as having the highest levels of genetic diversity.
Psychological strains, salivary biomarkers, and risks for coronary heart disease among hurricane survivors.

Objective:To examine the associations of psychological strains, salivary biomarkers, and coronary heart disease (CHD) risks in hurricane survivors 2 years after Hurricane Ike in the United States.B...
Comparison of Electron Injection Dynamics from Re-bipyridyl Complexes to TiO2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films in Different Solvent Environments†

Factors that control photoinduced interfacial electron transfer (ET) between molecular adsorbates and semiconductor nanoparticles have been intensely investigated in recent years. In this work, the solvent dependence of interfacial ET was studied by comparing ET rates in dye sensitized TiO2 nanocrystalline films in different solvent environments. Photoinduced ET rates from Re(LA)(CO)3Cl [LA = dcbpy = 4,4‘-dicarboxy-2,2‘-bipyridine] (ReC1A) to TiO2 nanocrystalline thin films in air, pH buffer, MeOH, EtOH, and DMF were measured by femtosecond transient IR spectroscopy. The ET rates in these solvent environments were noticeably different. However, differences between the rates in pH buffer and nonaqueous solvents (MeOH, EtOH, and DMF) were much smaller than the values expected from much more negative TiO2 conduction band-edge positions in the latter solvents under anhydrous conditions. It was suggested that the presence of adsorbed water, which was evident in FTIR spectra, lowered the band edge of TiO2 in th...
Expert system for production manager recruitment

Abstract Production manager recruitment poses a three-fold problem: finding a broad-knowtedged recruiter; obtaining an objective evaluation of the candidate; and the ever present risk of accepting unqualified candidates and rejecting qualified candidates A prototype expert system (ES) was developed for the purpose of testing the technical potential for computer assisted recruiting. The ES embodied a three-fold strategy: probing the candidate's past; asking questions from a business case study; and from several human-behaviour, video-taped episodes. The candidate's responses are graded, rated for competency (excellent, good, fair, poor), and weighted. A hiring action is recommended based on the composite weight. The prototype effectively demonstrated thit potential for expert system-conducted recruiting.
The Quantitation of Lecithin, Sphingomyelin and Their Ratios by Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract We describe a new method for measuring lecithin and its ratio to sphingomyelin with the use of infrared spectrophotometry. The method offers quantitation of lecithin, and sphingomyelin and their ratios, in approximately two hours, without the use of thin layer chromatography. Once the extraction of phospholipids is completed, an infrared spectral scan from 4000 to 400 (cm′) is obtained from which two peaks are measured and quantitated for lecithin and sphingomyelin and their ratios.
Dendritic cells: key players in human herpesvirus 8 infection and pathogenesis.

Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8; Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus) is an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus that primarily infects cells of the immune and vascular systems. HHV-8 interacts with and targets professional antigen presenting cells and influences their function. Infection alters the maturation, antigen presentation, and immune activation capabilities of certain dendritic cells (DC) despite non-robust lytic replication in these cells. DC sustains a low level of antiviral functionality during HHV-8 infection in vitro. This may explain the ability of healthy individuals to effectively control this virus without disease. Following an immune compromising event, such as organ transplantation or human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection, a reduced cellular antiviral response against HHV-8 compounded with skewed DC cytokine production and antigen presentation likely contributes to the development of HHV-8 associated diseases, i.e., Kaposi’s sarcoma and certain B cell lymphomas. In this review we focus on the role of DC in the establishment of HHV-8 primary and latent infection, the functional state of DC during HHV-8 infection, and the current understanding of the factors influencing virus-DC interactions in the context of HHV-8-associated disease.
Bi- and terpyridyl platinum(II) chloro complexes: molecular catalysts for the photogeneration of hydrogen from water or simply precursors for colloidal platinum?

Platinum(II) bi- and terpyridyl chloro complexes, Pt(dcbpy)Cl2 and [Pt(ttpy)Cl]+, where dcbpy = 4,4′-dicarboxyl-2,2′-bipyridine and ttpy = 4-tolyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine, are used to investigate the nature of the active catalyst for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen from water. In a Pt(II) chloro system that contains a sacrificial electron donor, either MeOH or triethanolamine (TEOA), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an electron relay, sizable amounts of H2 can be observed upon UV bandgap irradiation. The quantity of H2 can be significantly reduced in the presence of mercury under the same conditions. Using a known sensitizer, [Pt(ttpy)(phenylacetylide)]+ (1), combined with a Pt(II) chloro complex in a similar system, there is a substantial induction period until the evolution of H2, under visible light (λ > 410 nm) irradiation. It is suggested that the Pt(II) chloro complexes are simply acting as precursors to Pt colloids that function as the H2 generating catalyst
Structural biochemistry XIII: Synthesis of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone modification [Trp8]‐LH‐RH

A fragment condensation method was utilized for synthesis of the Trp8‐substituted luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH). Lert‐Butoxycarbonyl protection was employed for the α‐amino positions, and benzyl protection was used for the phenol group of Tyr and the imidazole nitrogen of His. Peptide bond‐forming reactions were performed using N‐hydroxysuccinimide (for Trp), dicyclohexylcarbodiimide‐1‐hydroxybenzotriazole, l‐ethyl‐3‐(3′‐dimethylaminopropyl)‐carbodiimide hydrochloride, or mixed carbonic anhydride methods. Biological evaluation of [Trp8]‐LH‐RH indicated no luteinizing hormone‐releasing activity or inhibition of luteinizing hormone release over the dose ranges studied.
Synthesis and reactions of the transition metal substituted tin hydride HSn[Mo(CO)3C5H5]3

Abstract Reaction of HMo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 and Sn(C 5 H 5 ) 2 produces the tin hydride HSn[Mo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 ] 3 (I). Reaction of I with CCl 4 , CHCl 3 , or CH 2 Cl 2 gives ClSn[Mo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 ] 3 (II). With hydrogen chloride the hydride I reacts to produce the dichloride Cl 2 Sn[Mo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 ] 2 . The first step in this reaction is cleavage of the SnH bond to produce the chloride II. The hydride I reacts with acetic acid to produce the diacetate (CH 3 COO) 2 Sn[Mo(CO) 3 C 5 H 5 ] 2 .
The entropy condition for the dynamics of nonlinear multicomponent sorption in porous media

Abstract Relations are developed which describe the condition imposed by the second law of thermodynamics (i.e. the entropy condition) on the dynamics of nonlinear sorption in porous media. The relations extend previous work to ion exchange, to systems where sorption causes variations in fluid velocity, to chemically reacting systems, and to systems involving dissolution/precipitation phenomena. The correspondence between the entropy condition and other criteria for the existence for various types of coherent concentration fronts is investigated and several relations are proven. The entropy conditions is used to extend results of other investigators concerning the existence of self-sharpening, square root broadening, and proportionate-pattern fronts. A method incorporating entropy considerations is developed for determining shapes of constant-pattern fronts in multicomponent sorption when transport resistances are present. The method has several advantages over existing methods when the single-solute isotherms are known accurately but the multicomponent isotherms are imprecisely represented.
An experimental study of a bio-inspired corrugated airfoil for micro air vehicle applications

An experimental study was conducted to investigate the aerodynamic characteristics of a bio-inspired corrugated airfoil compared with a smooth-surfaced airfoil and a flat plate at the chord Reynolds number of Re C = 58,000–125,000 to explore the potential applications of such bio-inspired corrugated airfoils for micro air vehicle designs. In addition to measuring the aerodynamic lift and drag forces acting on the tested airfoils, a digital particle image velocimetry system was used to conduct detailed flowfield measurements to quantify the transient behavior of vortex and turbulent flow structures around the airfoils. The measurement result revealed clearly that the corrugated airfoil has better performance over the smooth-surfaced airfoil and the flat plate in providing higher lift and preventing large-scale flow separation and airfoil stall at low Reynolds numbers (Re C < 100,000). While aerodynamic performance of the smooth-surfaced airfoil and the flat plate would vary considerably with the changing of the chord Reynolds numbers, the aerodynamic performance of the corrugated airfoil was found to be almost insensitive to the Reynolds numbers. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the aerodynamic force measurement data to elucidate underlying physics to improve our understanding about how and why the corrugation feature found in dragonfly wings holds aerodynamic advantages for low Reynolds number flight applications.
The Influence of Structured Programming on PL/I Program Profiles

Two sets of commercial PL/I programs are studied. One set represents programming practice before the introduction of structured programming techniques and the other set after their introduction. The use of these new methods is found to make a measurable difference on the quality of the programs. A few minor changes in the use of PL/I are noted. Substantial modifications to the control structure of the programs are measured. Also, some improvements in the qualitative aspects of the two sets are discussed. Although, they are much improved, further alterations can make the programs still better. The time and training required to introduce structured programming techniques will begin paying dividends within six months.