cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reservoir Monitoring Using Double-Difference Elastic-Waveform Inversion With Sparse-Array Data

SUMMARY An optimally designed sparse array reduces the cost for longterm seismic reservoir monitoring. Modeling of seismic-wave sensitivity propagation caused by reservoir property changes shows that distributions of seismic-wave sensitivity energies are localized. Therefore, a sparse-array data acquisition can be designed according to these sensitivity energy distributions. We show that seismic-wave sensitivity energy distributions from reservoir changes depend on the seismic wavelength. The distributions vary with locations of sources and the reservoir as well as the complexity of geological structures. We use double-difference elastic-waveform inversion to demonstrate that inversion results of reservoir changes obtained using sparse-array data are almost identical to those generated using full datasets. Therefore, double-difference elastic-waveform inversion using sparse-array data acquired with optimally designed surveys may serve as a cost-effective tool for seismic reservoir monitoring.
The Elements of a System of Marketing Control

THE DEGREE of development to which a system of executive control for a marketing organization is carried depends entirely on the nature of the organization itself. A control system for a very highly centralized organization where all authority to make final decisions is held closely at headquarters must necessarily be a quite different control system from that used by an organization where the authority to decide has been decentralized to those points where the facts are most economically available for making decisions. Most discussions of control methods and systems have been confined to one or another phase of the job of management. In this article the writer attempts to describe the elemental factors of a control system in its entirety. The type of system described here is most valuable for an organization where authority-to-decide is decentralized to lower level executives. It is in this type of organization that a control system is of greatest importance and should receive a great deal of attention if the company is to operate smoothly and efficiently. A proper control system enables Management duties to be subdivided into the two groups which are natural to the job of managing. These two groups of Management are: First, the administrative group whose duty it is to take a long range view of the business and create policies-and plans for the effective operation of the organization for a period of years. Second, the executive group whose responsibility it is to make the policies and plans of the administrative group effective, thus guaranteeing the success of the organization in reaching its objectives. The effect of subdividing Management into these two groups is the same as specialization in its application to mass production. Each group of officials is given more responsibility for those things for which it is best adapted. Where no such sUtbdivision is practised, the managers all along the line find it necessary to divide their attention between the long range problems and the immediate day to day activities. As a result of this divided interest, those problems which need the most immediate attention are given precedence over long range problems. This is in effect a type of hypnotism which prevents a proper breadth of view in making final decisions. Hence the organization laboriously w aves a zig-zag course toward its little understood and indefinite objectives. If the reader will grant that a specialization between these two groups will increase the efficiency of a large organization, then the question of a control system becomes of much greater importance and it is from this point of view that the following discussion of the elements of a control system is written.
An exact field test for the fade-out time of the odor trails of the Asian Weaver antsŒcophylla smaragdina

Binary choice tests revealed under field conditions of the humid tropics that well established odor trails ofOecophylla smaragdina gradually fade away over a period of three days.
Metastatic human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/neu) amplified breast cancer with acute fulminant hepatitis responding to trastuzumab, pertuzumab and carboplatin.

A 30-year-old woman presented to an outside hospital with pain in the right upper abdomen. Imaging revealed over 100 liver lesions, the largest measuring 74 mm×71 mm, and multiple lytic bone lesions. An outpatient liver biopsy showed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma favouring a breast primary. The tumour was oestrogen and progesterone receptor negative, but human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2/neu) amplified. In her second clinic visit she had decompensated liver failure manifested by new-onset ascites and jaundice. Initially, the chemotherapy plan was for docetaxel, pertuzumab and trastuzumab, but given her severe liver dysfunction we used a combination of carboplatin, pertuzumab and trastuzumab as an inpatient. She was hospitalised for 14 days and eventually discharged with a marked improvement of her symptoms and liver tests. She subsequently completed five outpatient chemotherapy cycles. We showed that carboplatin is a possible alternative to docetaxel when severe liver dysfunction precludes docetaxel9s use in combination with pertuzumab and trastuzumab.
Factors affecting control of Fannia spp. (Diptera: Muscidae) with cyromazine feed-through on caged-layer facilities in southern California.

Laboratory and field experiments were used to evaluate the interaction of temperature, instar, and manure management with cyromazine efficacy against Fannia canicularis (L.) and Fannia femoralis (Stein) developing in poultry manure. All first instars of F. canicularis were killed with 5.0 ppm cyromazine in the chickens diet when tested in the laboratory at 15.5, 21.0, and 27.0°C. First-instar F. canicularis were not affected by 1.5 ppm at 15.5°C but were affected at 21.0 and 27.0°C. In contrast, third instars of both Fannia spp. were not affected by the 1.5- and 5.0-ppm concentrations at all temperatures tested. Laboratory bioassays indicated that intermittent weekly feeding with cyromazine was not as effective as continuous feeding in controlling first-instar F. canicularis and F. femoralis. Continuous feeding of 5.0 ppm cyromazine reduced emergence of Fannia spp. in the field >90% after 8 wk of treatment. Leaving a pad (20 cm thick) of residual manure before cyromazine treatments were initiated caused a significantly greater reduction in emergence of F. femoralis compared with treatments initiated on bare soil. A large-scale field trial using 5.0 ppm cyromazine showed that subsequent emergence of F. canicularis from sampled manure was curtailed after 1 wk of treatment. Population density of adult F. canicularis did not decline until 4 wk posttreatment, after which time they followed a natural seasonal decline comparable with that of the population of the control facility.
Comparison of the combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine to propofol or propofol/sevoflurane for drug-induced sleep endoscopy in children.

AIM Examination of dynamic airway collapse in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) can help identify the anatomic causes of airway obstruction. We hypothesized that a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine (Group DK) would result in fewer oxygen desaturations and a higher successful completion rate during DISE in children with OSA when compared to propofol (Group P) or sevoflurane/propofol (Group SP). METHODS In this retrospective study, we reviewed the records of 59 children who presented for DISE between October 2013 and March 2015. Data analyzed included demographics, OSA severity, and hemodynamics (heart rate and blood pressure). The primary outcomes were airway desaturation during DISE to <85% and successful completion of DISE; these were compared between the three groups: DK, P, and SP. RESULTS Preoperative polysomnography was available for 49 patients. There were significantly more patients with severe OSA in Group P as compared to the other two groups. The mean (±sd) bolus dose for ketamine, dexmedetomidine, and propofol were 2.0 ± 0.6 mg·kg(-1) , 1.9 ± 0.9 mcg·kg(-1) , and 1.8 ± 1.1 mg·kg(-1) , respectively. The mean (±sd) infusion rate for dexmedetomidine was 1.6 ± 0.7 mcg·kg(-1) ·h(-1) and for propofol was 248 ± 68 mcg·kg(-1) ·min(-1) in Group P and 192 ± 48 mcg·kg(-1) ·min(-1) in Group SP. Patients in Group DK had significantly fewer desaturations to <85% during DISE compared to Group P. Patients in Group DK had significantly more successful completion of DISE (100% Group DK, 92% Group P, and 79% Group SP) as compared to Group SP. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the described dose regimen of propofol used alone or in combination with sevoflurane appears to be associated with more oxygen desaturations and a lower rate of successful completion than a combination of dexmedetomidine and ketamine during DISE in children with OSA.
Hotel flash sales consumers: Who are they?

Although flash sales are currently a ubiquitous phenomenon in consumption of many products, including tourism and hospitality products and services, there is a lack of empirical evidence that identifies the types of consumer profiles purchasing flash sales deals. In an effort to fill this void, a total of 358 participants were surveyed to define those personality traits that contribute to the use of hotel flash sales. The study presents a first attempt to empirically assess the psychographic profile of hotel flash sales consumers, and provides important managerial implications based on those profiles. Results reveal that hotel flash sales consumers were more likely to be quality conscious, variety-seekers, and market mavens when compared to other consumers. In addition, and contrary to hotel managers' assumptions that flash sales consumers are price conscious, no profile difference was observed between these and other consumers.
Water Relations of Forest Fuels

Publisher Summary This chapter begins with a review of the influence of moisture on the combustion of forest fuels and how fuel characteristics determine the moisture content level of these fuels. It summarizes current understanding of the amount of water these fuels can hold, gain and loss of this water, and how the governing processes have been described mathematically. Only fuels associated with or originating from vascular plants (grasses, shrubs, and trees as opposed to mosses and worts that lack internal structure for transporting water) are considered. The discussion of live fuels emphasizes the physiological aspects of water transfer, but only a few studies related to mechanisms of water transport in these fuels are discussed. For example, the effects of photosynthesis, respiration, and growth on water potential and water movement are not described. Brief mention is made of soil water transport, which has been a prominent topic in many soil physics and hydrology texts. In the case of dead fuels, a description of what the author believes in the more relevant studies is given. Only a few of the published studies of moisture content change in wood and forest fuels have dealt with diurnal change; a glimpse at prediction models for diurnal moisture variation is provided. Near the end of the chapter, several methods of measuring the moisture content of live and dead forest fuels are briefly discussed, and the reader is referred to works related to the fuel moisture aspects of current fire behavior and fire danger rating systems.
Induction Chemotherapy is Not Superior to a Surgery-First Strategy for Clinical N1 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Background Guidelines recommend primary surgical resection for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with clinical N1 disease and adjuvant chemotherapy if nodal disease is confirmed after resection. We tested the hypothesis that induction chemotherapy for clinical N1 (cN1) disease improves survival. Methods Patients treated with lobectomy or pneumonectomy for cT1-3 N1 M0 NSCLC from 2006 to 2011 in the National Cancer Data Base were stratified by treatment strategy: surgery first vs induction chemotherapy. Propensity scores were developed and matched with a 2:1 nearest neighbor algorithm. Survival analyses using Kaplan-Meier methods were performed on the unadjusted and propensity-matched cohorts. Results A total of 5,364 cN1 patients were identified for inclusion, of which 565 (10.5%) were treated with induction chemotherapy. Clinical nodal staging was accurate in 68.6% (n = 3,292) of patients treated with surgical resection first, whereas 16.3% (n = 780) were pN0 and 10.7% (n = 514) were pN2-3. Adjuvant chemotherapy was given to 60.9% of the surgery-first patients who were pN1-3 after resection. Before adjustment, patients treated with induction chemotherapy were younger, with lower comorbidity burden, were more likely to be treated at an academic center and to have private insurance (all p p p = 0.005). The unadjusted and propensity-matched analyses found no differences in short-term outcomes or survival between groups. Conclusions Induction chemotherapy for cN1 NSCLC is not associated with improved survival. This finding supports the currently recommended treatment paradigm of surgery first for cN1 NSCLC.
A Postmodern Stakeholder Analysis of Telework

Telework is becoming a viable and appealing work option in the accounting profession (Hunton, 2005). Many accounting firms have implemented telework arrangements to provide flexibility and support for employees who seek an acceptable balance between career and family. This form of work also supports business sustainability in the event of acts of terrorism or natural disasters. Increased reliance on various forms of telework gives rise to questions of appropriate ethical treatment of affected workers. The objectives of the present study are to examine the ethical implications of telework and identify policies for telework that might help organizations implement this type of work arrangement for their employees in an ethically informed manner. Our analysis draws upon a framework proposed by Yuthas and Dillard (1999) that combines postmodern ethics with stakeholder theory. Although this framework was developed to study the ethical design of information technology systems, we maintain that this structure is equally useful to study the ethical issues inherent with telework. Legislators, regulators, unions, and employers can use the telework policy considerations presented herein as guidelines as they deliberate, design, and implement ethical telework strategies.
Competent Blue and Sophisticated Purple: Examining the Relationship Between Color and Brand Personality

As a marketing tool, color attracts consumers and can shape perceptions. Through color, a brand can establish an effective visual identity, form strong relationships with a target market, and position itself among competitors in the marketplace, as the classic case of Coca-Cola versus Pepsi illustrates. Furthermore, the importance of color for marketing is changing as consumers who were once surrounded by a drab world of single color choices, one-color logos, and isomorphic product colors, now have access to multiple colored versions of products and unique color choices, enabled by technological advances and lowered costs of color manufacturing.
Measuring efficacy of a classroom training week for a cybersecurity training exercise

In this paper we describe the execution and evaluation of a classroom training week for a Red Team/Blue Team military cybersecurity exercise. We give a brief description of the exercise itself, the planning, execution, and the post-event survey results for the classroom training. The design and evaluation of the training is the primary contribution of our research. Evaluation of pre-exercise cybersecurity training for military cybersecurity exercises is not a widely explored area. Large-scale cybersecurity training events such as the one described here are becoming increasingly popular within the military, across governmental organizations, and within the private sector. While there are some significant differences in the scale and execution of a military cybersecurity exercise in comparison to academic events, the lessons-learned from this event can inform military and governmental training exercises, and offer useful insights for any academic organization developing intensive short-term hands-on experiences.
Let's be honest: A controlled field study of ethical behavior in the presence of a robot

Human-robot collaboration will increasingly take place in human social settings, including contexts where ethical and honest behavior is paramount. How might these robots affect human honesty? In this paper, we present first evidence of how a robot's presence affects people's ethical behavior in a controlled field study. We observed people passing by a food plate marked as “reserved”, comparing three conditions: no observer, a human observer, and a robot observer. We found that a human observer elicits less attention than a robot, but evokes more of a socially normative presence causing people to act honestly. Conversely, we found that a robot observer elicits more attention, engagement, and a monitoring presence. But even though people were suspicious that they were being monitored, they still behaved dishonestly in the robot observer condition.
Marine Mollusks of Rocas Alijos

Rocas Alijos, also known as the Alijos Rocks, are remnants of a small volcano arising from deep water off southern Baja California, Mexico (24°57′36″N, 115°45′54″W), 185 nautical miles due west of Cabo San Lazaro and Bahia Magdalena. Nothing had been known of the molluscan fauna of Rocas Alijos prior to the Cordell Expedition of October-November 1990. The collection obtained by the expedition was the first indication of the extent of the fauna and its biogeographic affinity.
Dynamical Engineering of Interactions in Qudit Ensembles.

We propose and analyze a method to engineer effective interactions in an ensemble of $d$-level systems (qudits) driven by global control fields. In particular, we present (i) a necessary and sufficient condition under which a given interaction can be decoupled, (ii) the existence of a universal sequence that decouples any (cancelable) interaction, and (iii) an efficient algorithm to engineer a target Hamiltonian from an initial Hamiltonian (if possible). We illustrate the potential of this method with two examples. Specifically, we present a 6-pulse sequence that decouples effective spin-1 dipolar interactions and demonstrate that a spin-1 Ising chain can be engineered to study transitions among three distinct symmetry protected topological phases. Our work enables new approaches for the realization of both many-body quantum memories and programmable analog quantum simulators using existing experimental platforms.
Comment on “Proposals for a Democracy of the Future” by Bruno Frey

Bruno Frey in a recent article on the future of Democracy has given us some insights about how to extend democracy. My comments on the article suggest that important deficits of democracy need to be addressed. In particular are citizens knowledgeable enough to make wise choices. The recent election of Donald Trump, as president of the US, suggests otherwise.
Matchmaking in Proteomics.

Featured Article: Eng JK, McCormack AL, Yates JR. An approach to correlate tandem mass spectral data of peptides with amino acid sequences in a protein database. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 1994;5:976–89. 2 Our 1994 report established a fast and accurate method to interpret the tandem mass spectra of peptides. In the early 1960s, as mass spectrometers became important tools for the elucidation of molecular structures, particularly in the natural products area, there was an interest in applying the technology to the challenge of protein sequence analysis. This task presented many technical barriers, including how to get polar, zwitterionic molecules into the gas phase inside a mass spectrometer. Many of the early solutions to this problem, such as extensive chemical modification of peptides, were elegant but not particularly practical. It was not until new ionization techniques were discovered did it become easier to introduce peptides and proteins into the gas phase, which allowed substantial progress to be made. The invention of the tandem mass …
Breast carcinoma versus benign breast lesions diagnosed by fine needle aspiration and core biopsies: types, age, risk factors, and hormonal receptors status in Jordan

nbsp nbsp Introduction Most studies regarding breast carcinoma risk factors compared it to the general population In this study we compare breast carcinoma risk factors to benign breast lesions nbsp nbsp Material and Methods Breast core biopsies were performed from patients Clinical history including the number of kids lactation oral contraceptive pills intake abortions smoking age at menarche and age at first pregnancy was taken nbsp nbsp Results In breast carcinoma cases the average age was years vs years for benign cases Twenty four percent of patients who had breast carcinoma were under years of age Axillary lymph nodes showed metastatic carcinoma in of breast carcinoma cases Family history was positive for breast cancer in in breast carcinoma cases vs in benign breast lesions No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding no of kids vs percentage of those having kids vs age of menarche vs y and age at st pregnancy vs y Regarding lactation history of breast carcinoma patients did not lactate vs of patients with a benign breast lesion P lt Duration of lactation was similar in both groups Other differences between the two groups breast carcinoma cases vs benign breast lesions were seen in contraceptive pills vs P lt smoking vs P lt and obesity Cancer types were Ductal lobular CIS and others nbsp nbsp Conclusions Lactation is a protective factor No differences were seen in number of kids menarche age and age at st pregnancy Factors associated with breast carcinoma were cigarette smoking hormonal pills intake and obesity Family history of breast carcinoma was associated more with benign lesions probably due to that patients with positive family history were more worried about any breast lump than other people
Technocratic Automation and Contemplative Overlays in Artificially Intelligent Criminal Sentencing

In this chapter, Butler explores potential realities of technocratic automation at the intersection of criminal sentencing, artificial intelligence (AI), and race. The chapter begins with a synopsis of the role automation plays in technocratic electronic governance. It then moves to demonstrate how the implementation of automation has adversely affected Black communities. Butler then illustrates how AI is currently outpacing human performance, implying that soon in the realm of criminal sentencing, artificially intelligent judges will emerge, outperforming and eventually replacing human judges. Next, he applies the lens of race to outline how current concepts of artificial cognitive architectures merely reiterate oppressive racial biases. The chapter concludes by imagining how contemplative overlays might be applied to artificial cognitive architectures to allow for more mindful and just sentencing.
The U.S. opioid epidemic: One disease, diverging tales.

To date, the stigma associated with opioid dependence has had the untoward effect of discouraging treatment-seeking behavior before the occurrence of an adverse event.
INTERLAMINAR FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF PC/SAN MULTILAYER COMPOSITES

ABSTRACT. A modified Double Cantilever Beam (DCB) test revealed the effect of composition on the mode I fracture toughness of thin PC/SAN multilayer composites. With thicker SAN layers delamination failure was cohesive and the crack propagated through a craze in an SAN layer. This failure mode produced the highest values of the fracture toughness. Delamination of compositions with thinner SAN layers was primarily adhesive and the crack propagated through the PC/SAN interface.
Management of Cavernous Sinus Meningioma Presenting With Cerebrovascular Insufficiency Secondary to Cavernous Carotid Artery Occlusion: Report of 2 Cases.

Background Surgical removal of cavernous sinus meningiomas is challenging and associated with high morbidities as a result of the anatomic location and the surrounding neurovascular structures that are often invaded or encased by the tumor. Advances in radiotherapy techniques have led to the adoption of more conservative approaches in the management of cavernous sinus meningioma. Internal carotid artery encasement and invasion has been documented in these cases; however, ischemic presentation secondary to internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion by meningioma in the region of the cavernous sinus is rare, with only few cases reported in the literature. Objective To report our surgical technique and experience with bypass grafting for cavernous sinus meningiomas that invade or narrow the internal carotid artery. Methods We report 2 patients who presented with signs and symptoms attributed to cavernous carotid artery occlusion secondary to cavernous sinus meningioma in the last 5 yr. Both patients were treated with flow augmentation without surgical intervention for the cavernous sinus meningioma. Results In both cases, the clinical and radiological signs of cerebrovascular insufficiency improved markedly, and the patients' tumors are currently being monitored. Conclusion Although the cerebrovascular insufficiency in this subset of patients is attributed to the occlusion of the cavernous carotid artery caused by the tumor, we propose treating those patients with flow augmentation first with or without radiation therapy when there is a clear imaging feature suggestive of meningioma in the absence of significant cranial nerve deficit.
Soft-FET: Phase transition material assisted Soft switching F ield E ffect T ransistor for supply voltage droop mitigation

Phase Transition Material (PTM) assisted novel soft switching transistor architecture named "Soft-FET" is proposed for supply voltage droop mitigation. By utilizing the abrupt phase transition mechanism in PTMs, the proposed Soft-FET achieves soft switching of the gate input of a logic gate resulting in reduced peak switching current as well as steep current variations (di/dt). In addition, the Soft-FET incurs lower delay penalty across a wide voltage range compared to various baseline Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) logic gate variants for the same peak current. We perform a detailed PTM parameter optimization for optimum Soft-FET performance. Soft-FETs when used as power gates achieve ~20mV lower supply droop and when used as an I/O buffer achieves 46% lower ground bounce with 8.8% improved energy efficiency.
Obesity in Critical Illness

Obesity continues to be a major health concern facing today’s youths. With the ongoing rise in obesity, clinicians will increasingly care for more obese children struck with critical illness. Clinical management in these patients often becomes complicated, as obesity adversely impacts numerous organ systems. As such, pediatric intensivists should recognize these children as a unique patient population that merit special attention.
Impact of Power System Protection and Fault Current Limiters on Component Failure Rates

Over-currents due to faults are known to be the dominant cause of performance deterioration or failure of power systems and/or their components. Many ways are available to mitigate the undesirable consequences of over-currents. However, due to the importance of the subject, there is a need to study and compare the impact of fault current limiters on component failure rates and, therefore, system reliability. Reported studies appear to have investigated the effects of current limiters qualitatively rather than quantitatively. This is mainly due to the lack of appropriate models to effectively capture and quantify the direct impact of over-currents on component failure rates. The main stream of present power system reliability evaluation methods is generally based on statistical measures of system outages rather than on actual electrical parameters such as fault current values. This paper utilizes a failure rate model already published by the authors to show its effectiveness in capturing the impact of fault current levels on component failure rates. The new model would be very useful in system reliability evaluation and studies of utility asset management programs. The impact of the new failure rate model on system reliability indices and utility asset management programs will be studies and published in a separate future document.
Aristotle on Freedom and Equality

The two watchwords of ancient Greece democracy were ‘freedom’ and ‘equality’. Aristotle is sharply critical of the democratic understanding of both terms but, as a champion of true aristocracy, does not wish to surrender such rhetorically charged words to his ideological opponents. He thus tries to preserve a portion of the concepts signified by each of these terms for his favored political system. With respect to equality he is explicit. He distinguishes proportional equality from numerical equality and associates the former with aristocracy and the latter with democracy. With respect to freedom he is not so explicit. Although he often uses the term ‘free’ (eleutheros) and its cognates in the Politics to signify a freedom that is more robust than democratic freedom, he never discusses or analyses such a concept. But by using a general analysis of freedom as a triadic relation involving an agent, a goal, and an (obstructing or disabling) obstacle, one can piece together Aristotle’s understanding of ‘true’, or aristocratic, freedom. It thus turns out that ‘freedom’ and ‘equality’ can be watchwords, not only of democracy, but of true aristocracy as well.
The association of marital status with suicide among male cancer patients in the United States.

181Background: Suicide rate is among cancer survivors double that of the general United States population, and risk is significantly greater among males than females. Meanwhile, being married confe...
High-occupancy vehicle lanes on the right: an alternative design for congestion reduction at freeway merge, diverge, and weaving areas

High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes have been widely deployed in freeways with high demands and traffic congestion. This paper discusses how an alternative design with the HOV lane on the right side...
The Case of Ramona Williams: Losing Touch

Onset of schizophrenia typically occurs in young adulthood. The clinician should suspect a primary psychotic illness in a young early career physician who is exhibiting a reduced ability to function in his or her role, poor self-care, bizarre or erratic behaviors, irritability, and overt delusional thoughts and/or interaction with internal stimuli. Affective illness, substance abuse, and organic etiology must be ruled out. The treatment of choice for psychosis is a combination of antipsychotic medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, and family therapy. A “wellness” component that focuses on healthy lifestyle habits is particularly important given the increased risk of relapse due to sleep deprivation and stress of medical training. Medical schools in conjunction with treating psychiatrists can destigmatize psychotic illness by providing psychoeducation and supports to doctors and doctors-in-training.
Cultures and Contexts of Jewish Education

In Deuteronomy, God commands the people of Israel, “Keep these words that I am commanding you today in your heart. Recite them to your children and talk about them when you are at home and when you...
The Role of L-Type Voltage-Dependent Calcium Channels in Anesthetic Depression of Contractility

Publisher Summary In this chapter data are presented to show that not only halothane but also enflurane and isoflurane decrease the density of binding sites for the calcium antagonist [3H]isradipine in adult and newborn rabbit myocardial membranes. The chapter provides an observation that halothane can interfere with the binding of calcium channel antagonist (CCA) to cardiac L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel (VDCC). It has been convincingly demonstrated that the other volatile anesthetics, enflurane and isoflurane, are both able to interfere with the binding of a radiolabeled dihydropyridine, [3H]isradipine, to both cardiac and skeletal muscle membranes. This phenomenon is relevant to anesthetic depression of contractility in an intact organ. Halothane can actually protect VDCC from blockade by isradipine. However, the sites have been protected by halothane appear to have a markedly lower affinity for [3H]isradipine than the sites that has been untouched by halothane. The decreased affinity that has been observed in the VDCC, “protected” by halothane suggests that halothane is either modifying the VDCC or selecting an independent group of VDCC. Isradipine is known to bind to inactive channels with high affinity, and it is possible that halothane “protects” channels that are in the “unavailable” state or that have been modified by phosphorylation or other mechanisms resulting in a change of the Kd for isradipine. This is a distinctly different result from previous in vitro data and from the Kd values obtained from control hearts and hearts perfused with isradipine alone.
Remotely Monitored Gamification and Social Incentives to Improve Glycemic Control Among Adults With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes (iDiabetes): Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Lifestyle modifications including increasing physical activity and losing weight have been demonstrated to improve glycemic control. However, most patients struggle to make these changes. Many stakeholders are interested in using gamification and social incentives to increase engagement in healthy behaviors. However, these approaches often do not appropriately leverage insights from behavioral economics that could be used to address predictable barriers to behavior change. Objective: This study aimed to describe the protocol for the Influencing DIabetics to Adapt Behaviors related to Exercise and weighT by Enhancing Social incentives (iDiabetes) trial, which aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of gamification interventions that leverage insights from behavioral economics to enhance supportive, competitive, or collaborative social incentives to improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and increase physical activity among overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We are conducting a one-year four-arm randomized controlled trial of 361 overweight and obese patients with type 2 diabetes and a glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level ≥8.0. Wireless weight scales and wearable devices are provided to remotely monitor weight and physical activity and transmit data to the study team. Patients are recruited by email, following which they establish a baseline measure of weight, daily step count, HbA1c level, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level and then repeat these measures at 6 and 12 months. The control arm receives no other interventions. Patients randomized to one of the three intervention arms are entered into a game designed using insights from behavioral economics to enhance supportive, competitive, or collaborative social incentives. To examine predictors of strong or poor performance, participants completed validated questionnaires on a range of areas including their personality, risk preferences, and social network. Results: Enrollment of 361 patients was completed in January 2019. Results are expected in 2020. Conclusions: The iDiabetes trial represents a scalable model to remotely monitor the daily health behaviors of adults with type 2 diabetes. Results from this trial will help provide insights into how to improve management of patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Trial: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02961192; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02961192
Behavior of the Reststrahlen Band in the 17-25 μm Spectral Region in the Diffuse Reflection Spectra of Sand and Silt Mixtures.

Studies on the reflectance spectra of different mixtures of sand and silt were performed in the infrared spectral region of 7–25 µm to explore the behavior of a second reststrahlen band occurring b...
Mesenchymal stromal cell conditioned media for lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of preclinical studies

Inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many lung diseases. Preclinical studies suggest that mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) conditioned media (CdM) can attenuate inflammation. Our aim was threefold: (1) summarize the existing animal literature evaluating CdM as a therapeutic agent for pediatric/adult lung disease, (2) quantify the effects of CdM on inflammation, and (3) compare inflammatory effects of CdM to MSCs. Adhering to the Systematic Review Protocol for Animal Intervention Studies, a systematic search of English articles was performed in five databases. Meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed to generate random effect size using standardized mean difference (SMD). A total of 10 studies met inclusion. Lung diseases included bronchopulmonary dysplasia, asthma, pulmonary hypertension, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. CdM decreased inflammatory cells (1.02 SMD, 95% CI 0.86, 1.18) and cytokines (0.71 SMD, 95% CI 0.59, 0.84). The strongest effect for inflammatory cells was in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (3.74 SMD, 95% CI 3.13, 4.36) while pulmonary hypertension had the greatest reduction in inflammatory cytokine expression (1.44 SMD, 95% CI 1.18, 1.71). Overall, CdM and MSCs had similar anti-inflammatory effects. In this meta-analysis of animal models recapitulating lung disease, CdM improved inflammation and had an effect size comparable to MSCs. While these findings are encouraging, the risk of bias and heterogeneity limited the strength of our findings.
Post-mastectomy and post-breast conservation surgery pain syndrome: a review of etiologies, risk prediction, and trends in management

Postmastectomy pain syndrome (PMPS) or breast conservation surgery (BCS) pain syndrome could be long-term and lead to disability and impairment on body and social function. The pain syndromes are not uncommon in breast cancer patients. It can affect social, psychological, physical and behavioral aspects of a patient. Surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and psychological factors can all contribute to the development of pain syndromes. Axillary dissection is a strong predictor for pain development. Pain medications, ganglion blocks are typically given to the patient for management. Integrative medicine such as acupuncture and psychological management methods are promising modalities in the management arsenal. In this study, we summarized the up-to-date literature to elucidate the etiology, risk factors and management strategies for PMPS.
Exploring Health Demographics of Female Collegiate Rowers

CONTEXT Limited information exists about health patterns among female rowers at the collegiate level. Furthermore, the element of weight class (lightweights classified as <130 lb [59 kg]) as a factor in the physical and mental health of female collegiate athletes has not been investigated, despite weight requirements in sport being a risk factor for the female athlete triad. OBJECTIVE To test the hypotheses that (1) components of the female athlete triad were more prevalent in lightweight than in openweight rowers; (2) perceived stress levels were greater in lightweight than in openweight rowers; and (3) rowers who were unable to row due to injury had greater perceived stress levels than uninjured athletes. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Twelve collegiate women's rowing programs consisting of 6 National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I openweight and 6 Intercollegiate Rowing Association-level lightweight teams. PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS A total of 158 female collegiate rowers (78 lightweight, 80 openweight). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) An electronic survey addressing injury history, diet and eating habits and body image (according to the triad screening questionnaire), stress levels (Perceived Stress Scale), and athlete identity (Athlete Identity Measurement Scale) was administered. RESULTS Lightweight rowers reported limiting or carefully controlling foods more frequently than openweight rowers (41.9% to 29.9%, P = .013). A history of an eating disorder was more prevalent among lightweight than openweight rowers (25.7% to 13.0%, P = .048). Prevalences of stress fractures and menstrual irregularities did not differ between weight classes. Lightweight and openweight rowers' scores on the Perceived Stress Scale (16.0 ± 9.9 and 17.3 ± 6.4, respectively) were not different. Injured rowers scored higher on the Perceived Stress Scale (19.4 ± 7.2) than did uninjured rowers (16.6 ± 5.72). CONCLUSIONS Weight class did not contribute to differences in the prevalence of female athlete triad components or perceived stress, although lightweight rowers were more likely to have a history of eating disorder. Injury may be a risk factor for increased stress in this population.
Sensitivity analysis of a phase field model for static recrystallization of deformed microstructures

Static recrystallization is a process whereby dislocation-free grains are nucleated in a deformed microstructure, and then newly recrystallized grains grow and consume the previously existing grains. This paper describes a phase field model for static recrystallization, along with details of the implementation and simulation results. Recrystallized grains are seeded utilizing a probability-based method, including a hold time to allow the order parameters to adjust to seeded grains. The nominal simulation time is corrected to account for the nuclei hold and for the time required for a nucleus to grow from its critical size to the seeded size. Microstructural evolution was simulated for two- and three-dimensional systems, and the fraction recrystallized was quantified via Avrami kinetics. The resulting Avrami time exponents were in agreement with the expected values for site-saturated nucleation. The variability in the Avrami parameters was quantified by simulating the recrystallization of the same underlying polycrystalline microstructure but using different seed locations. Additional simulations were performed to determine the influence of the deformed microstructure on recrystallization, specifically investigating the effects of the spatial distribution of the initial dislocation density within the microstructure as well as the morphologies of the polycrystalline microstructure. For the significantly deformed polycrystalline microstructures examined in this work, it is shown that microstructural evolution is primarily driven by stored energy in dislocations rather than grain boundary energy.
Circulating Used Clothes: Group Discussion

As becomes most obvious, donating clothes can by no means be reduced to a somehow neutral, mechanical process of someone giving and someone taking clothes. Much more differentiation is required regarding actors and their practices, as everything in respective processes is fundamentally associated with social meaning. This subject teaches us crucially important things about social order as constituted via hierarchies and morality.
The Yale Bright Bodies Lifestyle Intervention Program: An Intensive Lifestyle Intervention for Obese Children and Adolescents With and Without T2D

The increase in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in youth mirrors the rise in the prevalence of obesity in children. Overweight and obese children with T2D have a dual goal of achieving loss of at least 7% of body weight, as well as developing healthy eating patterns for the future. Both goals work together to improve glycemia by decreasing the overproduction of insulin and improving insulin sensitivity. Consequently, an intensive lifestyle intervention program is one of the cornerstones of treatment of children and adolescents with T2D. Specifically, programs that are family-based and foster parental and caregiver support are essential components of an effective pediatric lifestyle intervention. This chapter summarizes the components of the Yale Bright Bodies Lifestyle Intervention developed by one of our dietitians, Mary Savoy, RD, CDCES, which has been shown to be very effective in several clinical studies.
Numerical study of spatial propagation dynamics and energy delivery of TW square-aperture CO2 laser pulses in the atmosphere

We numerically study the linear and nonlinear spatial propagation dynamics of multi-Joule 10.6 µm square beams in the atmosphere for various square obscuration locations. We show that the spatial reshaping process of these square frame shaped beams, a process normally driven by strong linear diffraction, can be significantly altered in the nonlinear regime. Depending on the input power, linear dynamics can be mostly preserved or overpowered by the optical Kerr effect, leading to the formation of single or multi-filament patterns, at propagation distances of a few tens of meters in the atmosphere. Optimal power delivery downstream is dependent on the location of the square obscuration and overall input power. Our results offer significant insight into ongoing efforts of high peak power CO2 mid-IR lasers generated in unstable resonators for atmospheric applications.
Firm in the Faith: How Religiously Affiliated Institutions Stay True to their Religious Moorings

During a period when secularization poses many challenges to religiously affiliated colleges and universities, several key factors have been identified that can support these institutions in effect...
A motivational systems approach to investigating opinions on climate change

Understanding how people form opinions about climate change has proven to be challenging. One of the most common approaches to studying climate change beliefs is to assume people employ motivated r...
Hot money: Illuminating the financing of high-carbon infrastructure in the developing world.

Summary Major infrastructure financiers will have to significantly decarbonize their investments to meet mounting promises to cut carbon emissions to "net-zero" by mid-century. We provide new details about those needed shifts. Using two World Bank databases of infrastructure projects throughout the developing world, and applying a methodology for imputing the projects' likely future carbon output, we assess the emissions profile of power-plant projects executed from 2018 through 2020 — the three years immediately preceding the spate of net-zero pledges. We find that approximately half the generation executed in those years is too carbon-intensive to align with keeping Earth's average temperature from exceeding 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels, largely because of the prevalence of new natural-gas–fired power plants. We also find new evidence of host countries' agency in shaping carbon trajectories: Much of the climate-misaligned financing is not foreign but domestic. And we find different institutions are financing infrastructure portfolios with significantly differing carbon intensities.