cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tissue Platinum Concentration and Tumor Response in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

Purpose Platinum resistance is a major limitation in the treatment of advanced non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Reduced intracellular drug accumulation is one of the most consistently identified features of platinum-resistant cell lines, but clinical data are limited. We assessed the effects of tissue platinum concentrations on response and survival in NSCLC. Patients and Methods We measured total platinum concentrations by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry in 44 archived fresh-frozen NSCLC specimens from patients who underwent surgical resection after neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy. Tissue platinum concentration was correlated with percent reduction in tumor size on post- versus prechemotherapy computed tomography scans. The relationship between tissue platinum concentration and survival was assessed by univariate and multicovariate Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis and Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results Tissue platinum concentration correlated significantly with perc...
The use of nonlinear, noncompensatory models in decision making.

An important problem in decision making concerns finding the utility of a multidimensional stimulus. This has traditionally been done by assuming that total utility is a linear function of the attributes of the stimulus. In clinical decision making, the linear regression model has been used to predict and diagnose on the basis of multidimensio nal information as well as to approximate the clinician's own judgment. Other nonlinear, noncompensatory models are available for combining information. These models, called conjunctive and disjunctive, are approximated here by suitable nonlinear functions of utility. They are then shown to give a better fit to certain decision data than the linear model. The factors affecting the use of these models and their implications are discussed.
When Law Is Not Law: Setting Aside Legal Provisions during Declared Emergencies

During an emergency, laws designed for normal operations and circumstances may sometimes hinder response efforts, potentially endangering the public's health rather than protecting it. Pursuant to declared states of emergency, however, officials may be authorized to waive or suspend some provisions of state law to address emergency conditions. Such authority can play a critical role in response efforts, but this authority varies significantly between states. States should carefully consider how their existing laws may affect response during a declared emergency and whether adoption of waiver authority would improve their legal structure. Where waiver provisions are in place, officials should ensure they understand its proper scope and utility.
What Macroeconomic Risks Are (Not) Shared by International Investors

Adopting an asset-market view of international risk sharing, we identify various sources of macroeconomic risk faced by international investors using a structural Vector Autoregression model. We find that most of the risks of exogenous financial market shocks are shared by international investors through the existing asset markets. However, other macroeconomic risks such as those associatedwith exogenousshocks to consumption growth,inflationandmonetarypolicies arenot fullysharedacrosscountries. This finding helps us understand the apparently contradicting perceptions of international risk sharing generated by the analysis of asset-market returns versus that of aggregate consumption growth across countries. JEL codes: E44, F31, G12
MR Imaging of the Thoracic Aorta

Pre- and postoperative evaluation, serial follow-up studies, and screening examinations of the aorta are performed with noninvasive cross-sectional imaging modalities like CT and MR imaging. MR imaging allows for dedicated comprehensive evaluation without exposure to iodinated contrast or ionizing radiation. The additional advantage of MR imaging is that it can provide not only morphologic but also functional information. The purpose of this article is to advance knowledge and understanding of MR imaging techniques and their application to common aortic pathologies.
A Case for Continuous Data Protection at Block Level in Disk Array Storages

This paper presents a study of data storages for continuous data protection (CDP). After analyzing the existing data protection technologies, we propose a new disk array architecture that provides Timely Recovery to Any Point-in-time, referred to as TRAP. TRAP stores not only the data stripe upon a write to the array but also the time-stamped Exclusive ors (xors) of successive writes to each data block. By leveraging the xor operations that are performed upon each block write in today's RAID4/5 controllers, TRAP does not incur noticeable performance overhead. More importantly, TRAP is able to recover data very quickly to any point-in-time upon data damage by tracing back the sequence and history of xors resulting from writes. What is interesting is that the TRAP architecture is very space efficient. We have implemented a prototype of the new TRAP architecture using software at the block level and carried out extensive performance measurements using TPC-C benchmarks running on Oracle and Postgres databases, TPC-W running on a MySQL database, and file system benchmarks running on Linux and Windows systems. Our experiments demonstrated that TRAP not only is able to recover data to any point-in-time very quickly upon a failure but also uses less storage space than traditional daily incremental backup/snapshot. Compared to the state-of-the-art CDP technologies, TRAP saves disk storage space by one to two orders of magnitude with a simple and a fast encoding algorithm. In addition, TRAP can provide two-way data recovery with the availability of only one reference image in contrast to the one-way recovery of snapshot and incremental backup technologies.
Formation Flight Strategy and Control Using Higher-Order Sliding-Mode

*† An autopilot design for autonomous closed-formation flight of two F/A-18 aircrafts is considered and addressed via Higher Order Sliding Mode control (HOSM.) The formation strategy and control approach is based on previous work by the authors. The proposed HOSM-formation flight autopilot provides the trailing aircraft with bounded, continuous output tracking suitable for tight formation flight. The performance of the proposed controller is compared with PID control and feedforward neural network-base adaptive control. The superior performance of the HOSM controller designed for controlling the longitudinal and lateral dynamics is confirmed via simulations.
Network Coding for Multiple Unicasts: An Approach based on Linear Optimization

In this paper we consider the application of network coding to a multiple unicast setup. Wbe present two suboptimal, yet practical code construction techniques. One consists of a linear program and the other of an integer program with fewer variables and constraints. We discuss the performance of the proposed techniques as well as their complexity.
Managed care: tools and applications.

Simply stated, containing healthcare cost does not automatically equate with the provision of optimal medical outcome in the mind of the provider or the consumer. Indeed, it would be surprising if it did; healthcare systems are so complex due to the conflicting roles of the provider and consumer, patient and physician. The era of limited resources is forcing us to adopt a different paradigm. We are moving from a simple system, based on structure and process, toward one that focuses, as well, if not predominantl~ on outcome and accountability. Few would disagree with the objective of using the fewest resources to produce the optimal health care. The attainment is neither simple nor easy to reach. The myriad of financing mechanisms ranging from Federal programs such as Medicare and Department of Defense, State programs such as Medicaid and their own employee health care plans, the private sector with group and individual insurance, Blue Cross and Blue Shield programs, self-funded ERISA plans, workers’ compensation and automobile first- and third-party medical payments, cause the actuality of accountability and outcome measurement to be blurred in terms of the specific patient or injured party. Furthermore, while there are perverse financial incentives from some of the programs in terms of the provider, such as fee for service, there are perverse incentives for the consumer or patient in the workers’ compensation programs and third party automobile liability.
Classrooms of Wonder and Wisdom: Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking for the 21st Century

Preface Acknowledgments About the Authors Introduction 1. Beginning a Professional Development Journey Evocation 1 Outcome Expectations Evocation 2 The Change Process About This Text Assumptions, Values, and Beliefs Expectations The Role of Critical Thought Outcome Expectations Chapter Reflection Journal Entry 2. A Framework for Teaching and Learning Evocation Outcome Expectations Rationale Experiential Framework Lesson Examining the Framework The ERR Framework Revisited Critical Thinking and the Framework Framework Strategies Organizational Chart Chapter Reflection 3. Narrative Text and the Power of Questioning Evocation Outcome Expectations Teacher Questioning Model ERR Lesson With a Narrative Text Narrative Lesson Analysis ERR as a Multitiered Model Questioning Reflection 4. Advancing Critical Thought Outcome Expectations Evocation Realization of Meaning Creating an Environment for Critical Thought Essential Classroom Elements of Critical Thinking Lesson Analysis Chapter Summary 5. Framework Strategies Outcomes of Using the ERR Framework Other Writing-for-Thinking Strategies Reflection Chapter Reflection 6. Cooperative Learning Evocation Outcome Expectations Overview Classrooms as Environments for Thinking What Is Cooperative Learning? The Cooperative-Learning Classroom Sample Cooperative-Learning Lessons Brief Cooperative Strategies Cooperative Math Activities Brief Exercises for Problem Solving and Discussion Chapter Reflection 7. Creating Thoughtful Readers Evocation Outcome Expectations Discussion of a Thoughtful Reading Process Readers' Workshop The Four Cornerstones of Readers' Workshop Literary Letters Book Talks Readers' Workshop Rules Summary of Readers' Workshop Analysis of Reader's Workshop and the ERR Framework Content Reading and Readers' Workshop Applying the Reading Process to Content Areas Applying Readers' Workshop Process to Science Reading in Content Areas - The Link to Math Mathematics Is More Than a Collection of Concepts and Skills Chapter Reflection 8. Learning to Write, Writing to Learn Evocation Outcome Expectations Writing Resurgence Writing Defined Writer's Workshop Chapter Reflection 9. Reflection Evocation Learning Centered Transformative Experiences Truth Final Reflection What to Do Now? Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F References Index
Clozapine for Drug-Refractory Irritability in Individuals with Developmental Disability.

Abstract Objectives: In this case series, we describe the acute clinical impact and tolerability of rapid titration of clozapine for treatment of refractory irritability in five hospitalized youth with developmental disability. We offer this descriptive report in an effort to expand the evidence base guiding treatment of refractory aggression in this population. Methods: Five youth with developmental disability and severe irritability were admitted to a 10-bed psychiatric crisis stabilization unit where they received thorough psychiatric and medical evaluation. Informed consent was obtained in each case, and each patient underwent rapid titration onto clozapine. Clozapine monitoring guidelines were followed for all patients throughout treatment, and clinical severity at baseline and improvement with treatment was measured by use of the Clinical Global Impressions-Severity scale (CGI-S) and the Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement scale (CGI-I). Results: One female and four males diagnosed with developm...
Polymyositis and dermatomyositis (first of two parts)

Laboratory Features Elevation of sarcoplasmic enzymes in serum (creatine phosphokinase, aldolase, transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase) is valuable both for diagnosis and for following the clinic...
Early Days of Automatic Floorplan Design

In this talk, we will give a brief survey of automatic floorplan design techniques in the early days of EDA. We will focus on presenting the pioneering contributions of Prof. Ralph Otten in the field.
RTP-CVD of Si Materials and Devices for ULSI Applications

Rapid thermal processing chemical vapor deposition (RTP-CVD) has received considerable attention because of its ability to reduce many of the processing problems associated with thermal exposure in conventional chemical vapor deposition, while still retaining the ability to grow high quality epitaxial layers. In this paper, the principles of the RTP-CVD system are described, followed by results of experiments on in-situ cleaning, undoped Si epitaxy and in-situ doped Si epitaxy, and selective Si deposition using oxide masks. Our results show that RTP-CVD is capable of growing high quality, epitaxial layers with sharp, dopant transition profiles. Selective deposition was achieved without the use of HC1. We also studied the growth and characterization of GexSi1−x films for optical waveguiding.
Calibration of Ground Cloth and Sweep Net Sampling Methods for Larvae of Corn Ear worm and Soybean Looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Soybean

Ground cloth and sweep net methods were used to estimate population levels of larvae of laboratory-reared Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and Pseudoplusia includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) on hand-infested soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) plants under field cages. Instar, plant growth stage, row spacing, and time of day effects were examined. Ground cloth and sweep net population estimates were calibrated against absolute estimates of instars and total larvae for both species. Linear regressions indicated that ground cloth and sweep net estimates were closely related to absolute estimates for both species in most cases. Slopes of regression lines for the ground cloth tended to be higher than those for the sweep net, indicating that the ground cloth more efficiently extracted larvae from the plants. The sweep net method, when used to sample H. zea larvae, appeared to be affected by plant growth stage. Row spacing had little effect on population density estimates obtained with the sweep net except in the case of P. includens on vegetative stage plants. No time-of-day effect was observed for P. includens with either sampling method.
Fixture Data Management base on UG

Along with the development of the information technology,the fixture is designed by the CAD software and virtual building analyse.How to manage the fixture data is a new problem for the corporation.Stressing introduce how to use TcAE to manage the fixture data.
Management considerations of massive hemoptysis while on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Background:Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO) is a life-saving procedure in patients with both respiratory and cardiac failure. Bleeding complications are common since pat...
Parallel Solution of Robust Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Problems in Batch Crystallization

Representing the uncertainties with a set of scenarios, the optimization problem resulting from a robust nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) strategy at each sampling instance can be viewed as a large-scale stochastic program. This paper solves these optimization problems using the parallel Schur complement method developed to solve stochastic programs on distributed and shared memory machines. The control strategy is illustrated with a case study of a multidimensional unseeded batch crystallization process. For this application, a robust NMPC based on min–max optimization guarantees satisfaction of all state and input constraints for a set of uncertainty realizations, and also provides better robust performance compared with open-loop optimal control, nominal NMPC, and robust NMPC minimizing the expected performance at each sampling instance. The performance of robust NMPC can be improved by generating optimization scenarios using Bayesian inference. With the efficient parallel solver, the solution time of one optimization problem is reduced from 6.7 min to 0.5 min, allowing for real-time application.
THE CONCEPTUAL APPROACH TO LANGUAGE PROCESSING

This chapter discusses the conceptual approach to language processing. Computational linguistics is defined as the problem of getting computers to communicate with humans, using natural language. The method used is to try to figure out how humans communicate with other humans and model these processes. The general problems of computational linguistics fall into the traditional domains of parsing and generating. Initial approaches to mechanical translation divided the problem of machine translation into three parts—sentence analysis, the transfer of structure, and sentence synthesis. Sentence analysis was syntactic analysis. One of the basic assumptions of machine translation work and of more current work on language analysis and synthesis routines is that an analysis grammar should be the same as a generation grammar.
DXA Evaluation of Infants and Toddlers

This chapter briefly discusses the use of quantitative ultrasound and peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and provides greater details on the use of dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for assessing bone parameters in infants and toddlers. The advantages of DXA, including the widespread availability, low cost, ease of use, good precision, and safety, hold true for use in infants and toddlers as outlined by the 2013 ISCD Position Statement. Evidence for a relationship between bone density and fractures is discussed, as well as appropriate skeletal sites to measure, factors that are associated with bone measurements, available normative data, and a summary of the current recommendations on who should be scanned and how results should be presented.
Pyrophyllite in Central North Carolina

(1958). Pyrophyllite in Central North Carolina. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 33, No. 7-8, pp. 312-314.
The Humoral Theory of Transplantation: Epitope Analysis and the Pathogenicity of HLA Antibodies

Central to the humoral theory of transplantation is production of antibodies by the recipient against mismatched HLA antigens in the donor organ. Not all mismatches result in antibody production, however, and not all antibodies are pathogenic. Serologic HLA matching has been the standard for solid organ allocation algorithms in current use. Antibodies do not recognize whole HLA molecules but rather polymorphic residues on the surface, called epitopes, which may be shared by multiple serologic HLA antigens. Data are accumulating that epitope analysis may be a better way to determine organ compatibility as well as the potential immunogenicity of given HLA mismatches. Determination of the pathogenicity of alloantibodies is evolving. Potential features include antibody strength (as assessed by antibody titer or, more commonly and inappropriately, mean fluorescence intensity) and ability to fix complement (in vitro by C1q or C3d assay or by IgG subclass analysis). Technical issues with the use of solid phase assays are also of prime importance, such as denaturation of HLA antigens and manufacturing and laboratory variability. Questions and controversies remain, and here we review new relevant data.
CRT-800.08 Avoiding the Learning Curve in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

There is a well-documented learning curve for achieving procedural efficiency and safety in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedures. Collaboration between existing and new TAVR programs could help reduce the number of cases needed to achieve optimal efficiency. A multidisciplinary
Lie aversion and self-reporting in optimal law enforcement

Requirements that individuals or companies self-report violations are common in regulation and law enforcement. This paper studies how violators’ aversion to lying affects the design and merit of enforcement regimes that require self-reporting. Even when a self-reporting requirement produces costs of lies and enjoys no economic advantage in the absence of lie aversion, I find that self-reporting improves enforcement efficiency. With lie aversion, self-reporting enables greater deterrence of violations at a lower cost of monitoring. Corollaries to this result are that (1) the presence of lie aversion enhances social welfare; (2) enforcement regimes that elicit more noxious lies when false reports are made—for example, a compulsory versus voluntary self-reporting feature—are advantageous; and (3) under an optimal enforcement regime, lying generally occurs and the self-reporting sanction is higher than the average sanction for a false report.
Review of Different Surgical Techniques for All-Epiphyseal Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

There is an increase incidence of ACL injuries and reconstruction in the immature patient. Initial nonoperative treatment followed by delayed reconstruction once they achieve skeletal maturity has fallen out of favor because of the potential effect of additional meniscus and chondral damage. Risk of physeal injury and growth disturbance with the use of conventional ACL reconstruction techniques, routinely used in the adult patient, has led to the development of several physeal-sparing techniques for ACL reconstruction in the immature athlete. We will present surgical techniques that can be classified into four groups: (1) extraphyseal, (2) partial transphyseal, (3) complete transphyseal, and (4) all-epiphyseal.
Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgeons Achieve High Rates of K Award Conversion Into R01 Funding.

Background Obtaining National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01 funding remains extremely difficult. The utility of career development grants (K awards) for achieving the goal of R01 funding remains debated, particularly for surgeon–scientists. We examined the success rate for cardiothoracic and vascular (CTV) surgeons compared with other specialties in converting K-level grants into R01 equivalents. Methods All K (K08 and K23) grants awarded to surgeons by the NIH between 1992 and 2017 were identified through NIH Research Portfolio Online Report Tools (RePORTER), an online database combining funding, publications, and patents. Only grants awarded to CTV surgeons were included. Grants active within the past year were excluded. Mann-Whitney U tests and χ2 tests were used to compare groups. Results During this period, 62 K grants were awarded to CTV surgeons. The analysis excluded 16 grants that were still active within the last year. Twenty-two (48%) of the remaining K awardees successfully transitioned to an R01 or equivalent grant. Awardees with successful conversion published nine publications per K grant compared with four publications for those who did not convert successfully (p = 0.01). The median time for successful conversion to an R grant was 5.0 years after the K award start date. Importantly, the 10-year conversion rate to R01 was equal for CTV surgeons compared with other clinician–investigators (52.6% vs 42.5%). Conclusions CTV surgeons have an equal 10-year conversion rate to the first R01 award compared with other clinicians. These data suggest that NIH achieves a good return on investment when funding CTV surgeon–scientists with K-level funding.
Development of a Fully Cross-Validated Bayesian Network Approach for Local Control Prediction in Lung Cancer

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that a Bayesian network (BN) approach can explore hierarchical biophysical relationships that influence tumor response and predict tumor local control (LC) in non-small-cell lung cancer patients before and during radiotherapy from a large-scale dataset. Our BN building approach has two steps. First, relevant biophysical predictors influencing LC before and during the treatment are selected through an extended Markov blanket (eMB) method. From this eMB process, the most robust BN structure for LC prediction was found via a wrapper-based approach. Sixty-eight patients with complete feature information were used to identify a full BN model for LC prediction before and during the treatment. Fifty more recent patients with some missing information were reserved for independent testing of the developed pre- and during-therapy BNs. A nested cross-validation (N-CV) was developed to evaluate the performance of the two-step BN approach. An ensemble BN model is generated from the N-CV sampling process to assess its similarity with the corresponding full BN model, and thus evaluate the sensitivity of our BN approach. Our results show that the proposed BN development approach is a stable and robust approach to identify hierarchical relationships among biophysical features for LC prediction. Furthermore, BN predictions can be improved by incorporating during treatment information.
Advancements in microfluidic technologies for isolation and early detection of circulating cancer-related biomarkers

Early stage detection of cancer is essential for the improved long-term survival of patients. Currently, costly, extensively complex and invasive procedures, such as surgical tissue biopsies, are used for cancer screening. Thus, over the past few decades, advancements in microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip approaches have been made to develop minimally invasive and miniaturized platforms to identify and segregate circulating cancer biomarkers such as exosomes, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from body fluids. Our study presents a comprehensive overview of all such microfluidics based approaches for point-of-care cancer diagnostics, which have proven to require significantly reduced sample volumes with cost effective and minimally invasive criteria. We have also discussed the need for integrated and more efficient devices to further advance these technologies to be suitable for liquid biopsy in the clinical settings.
Verstehen in Historical-Philosophical Interpretation

This chapter takes its starting point in a paper of Leonard H. Ehrlich on hermeneutics, in which he discussed the validity of valuation in understanding. The chapter discusses schools of history of philosophy, attitudes towards valuation and the relationship between philosophy and other academic disciplines. Jaspers’ early teachings are examined, in particular his work on worldviews, as a means of elucidating the history of philosophy. Jaspers’ concept of existential will is offered as a means of unraveling the significance and legitimate potential of the study of the history of philosophy.
Generating large stochastic simulations—The matrix polynomial approximation method

An algorithm for producing a nonconditional simulation by multiplying the square root of the covariance matrix by a random vector is described. First, the square root of a matrix (or a function of a matrix in general) is defined. The square root of the matrix can be approximated by a minimax matrix polynomial. The block Toeplitz structure of the covariance matrix is used to minimize storage. Finally, multiplication of the block Toeplitz matrix by the random vector can be evaluated as a convolution using the fast Fourier transform. This results in an algorithm which is not only efficient in terms of storage and computation but also easy to implement.
Variations of the Phenotype in Frontotemporal Dementias

To provide better care for patients, physicians most often seek to determine the cause of symptoms by recognizing a clinical phenotype and then relating that phenotype to known disease mechanisms, including genetic variations and pathology. This approach has been particularly difficult with frontotemporal dementias (FTD), because of the diversity and continuous evolution of its behavioral, language and cognitive symptoms. Recent systematic clinical-pathological observations have resulted in proposed clinical criteria for FTD, but accurate diagnosis remains challenging and, in clinical practice, the phenotype of FTD can easily be confused with other disorders.
Has the Global South become a playground for Western scholars in information and communication technologies for development? Evidence from a three-journal analysis

This study analyzes the role of the Global South countries and the representation of scholars from the Global South in three top-level journals in the area of information and communication technology for development (ICT4D). All the peer-reviewed articles published from 2015 to 2017 in the journals were examined for (a) the country and regional affiliations of the authors, (b) the distribution of countries which were studied, (c) the role of Global South scholars played in the studies, and (d) the research methods adopted in the studies. Besides using the conventional bibliometric indicators, this study also explored several important but often-ignored dimensions such as a country-by-country quantification of the severity of underrepresentation of scholars from the Global South in the publications and the relationship between the role of the scholars from the Global South and the research methods used in the published studies. The analysis shows a complicated picture of the status of low- and middle-income countries and scholars from the Global South in the ICT4D scholarship. Although some indicators suggest that scholars from the Global South play an important role, in general, they are underrepresented.
Targeting Processive Transcription Elongation via SEC Disruption for MYC-Induced Cancer Therapy

The super elongation complex (SEC) is required for robust and productive transcription through release of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) with its P-TEFb module and promoting transcriptional processivity with its ELL2 subunit. Malfunction of SEC contributes to multiple human diseases including cancer. Here, we identify peptidomimetic lead compounds, KL-1 and its structural homolog KL-2, which disrupt the interaction between the SEC scaffolding protein AFF4 and P-TEFb, resulting in impaired release of Pol II from promoter-proximal pause sites and a reduced average rate of processive transcription elongation. SEC is required for induction of heat-shock genes and treating cells with KL-1 and KL-2 attenuates the heat-shock response from Drosophila to human. SEC inhibition downregulates MYC and MYC-dependent transcriptional programs in mammalian cells and delays tumor progression in a mouse xenograft model of MYC-driven cancer, indicating that small-molecule disruptors of SEC could be used for targeted therapy of MYC-induced cancer.
Proof of Principle that Molecular Modeling Followed by a Biophysical Experiment Can Develop Small Molecules that Restore Function to the Cardiac Thin Filament in the Presence of Cardiomyopathic Mutations

This article reports a coupled computational experimental approach to design small molecules aimed at targeting genetic cardiomyopathies. We begin with a fully atomistic model of the cardiac thin filament. To this we dock molecules using accepted computational drug binding methodologies. The candidates are screened for their ability to repair alterations in biophysical properties caused by mutation. Hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies caused by mutation are initially biophysical in nature, and the approach we take is to correct the biophysical insult prior to irreversible cardiac damage. Candidate molecules are then tested experimentally for both binding and biophysical properties. This is a proof of concept study-eventually candidate molecules will be tested in transgenic animal models of genetic (sarcomeric) cardiomyopathies.
Is it U.S. GAAP or IFRS? Understanding how R&D costs affect ratio analysis

Abstract While financial reporting standards under U.S. GAAP and IFRS are fundamentally similar, differences do exist that may affect our analysis of company financial statements. This is particularly true when comparing a U.S. company following U.S. GAAP to a firm that uses IFRS. To illustrate, we compare research and development (R&D) accounting methods under both sets of standards and illustrate how they affect the analysis of financial results of firms in a specific industry—automotive manufacturers. Our results provide insight into settings in which differences in R&D accounting may have the greatest impact on financial analysis.
Getting the Word “Out”: A Role for the Motor System in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Purpose Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) lacks a clear neurobiological marker, and hundreds of genes appear to be implicated in the disorder. Numerous studies have reported deficits in reciprocal voc...
HYPEREOSINIOPHILIC SYNDROME CAUSING NONISCHEMIC CARDIOMYOPATHY

Hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a rare disorder that can involve multiple organ systems. We present a case of HES with cardiac involvement. A 66-year-old female with a history of hypertension and diabetes presented with weakness, shortness of breath on exertion, chest heaviness and weight loss
A sensitive data analysis approach for detecting changes in dynamic postural stability.

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of instability can aid in reducing fall risk. As a sensitive measure of fall risk, the distance between the center of pressure (COP) and center of mass (COM) is currently assessed through discrete points assumed to represent physiological important fall mechanisms. However, it is unclear if these discrete points are appropriate measures of fall risk. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) is a waveform analysis technique that removes this possibly biased a priori approach. Sixteen healthy young adults (8 males, 8 females; Age: 29 ± 3.6 years, Height: 1.7 ± 0.9 m, Mass: 75 ± 16 kg) performed two tasks that disturbed dynamic stability: voluntary stepping at different step lengths, and forward perturbations at different accelerations. COP-COM distance magnitudes were extracted during the first step in both tasks at discrete points typically assessed in previous research. Discrete point analysis (DPA) was performed on these discrete points and SPM analysis was completed on the COP-COM distance waveform. The results from the study found that SPM analysis identified equivalent significant differences to DPA and identified additional significant differences elsewhere in the COP-COM distance waveform that were not able to be detected by DPA. Two key advantages from using SPM: (1) reduction of possibly biased a priori selection, and (2) increased efficiency and reduced time-cost in data post-processing as inherent variability can limit the detection of discrete points resulting in identifying physiologically different discrete points across trials. This study suggests the use of SPM as a sensitive data analysis approach in detecting fall risk as an alternative to DPA.
Cystic Kidneys in a Patient with Craniofacial Abnormalities

A 30-year-old woman previously diagnosed with Treacher Collins syndrome presented for operative evaluation of craniofacial abnormalities including microcephaly, cleft palate, nasal stenosis with hypoplasia of the alae, atrophic mandible, lobulated tongue, and ankyloglossia. Preoperative laboratory evaluation revealed BUN of 88 mg/dl, serum creatinine of 6.8 mg/dl (eGFR, 7 ml/min per 1.73 m2), calcium of 5.7 mg/dl, albumin of 3.9 g/dl, intact parathyroid hormone of 976 pg/ml, and hemoglobin of 9 g/dl. Urinalysis was notable for 1+ proteinuria. There was no reported family history of kidney disease, although detailed records were not available. In light of her kidney function, she was admitted for further evaluation. Physical examination revealed a multilobar tongue (Figure 1A …
Consumers’ Preferences for Eco-labels on Plants: The Influence of Trust and Consequentiality Perceptions

Abstract The primary objective of this research was to investigate the role of trust and consequentiality perceptions on consumer preferences for products with eco-labels. Consumer preferences and willingness-to-pay (WTP) were estimated for fruit plants with and without eco-labels using choice experiments from an online survey. Respondents were randomly assigned to different consequentiality treatments which indicated the organization (policy makers or horticulture industry) that would receive the study results when considering policies related to eco-labels. Respondents’ trust in the organizations behind the eco-labels and their perceptions of the study's consequentiality were measured. In general, eco-labels and perceived consequentiality increased respondents’ utility for the products. Respondents’ utility for eco-labeled products was amplified when participants were informed that policy makers would receive the results. Trust in the organization improved utility, suggesting trust plays an important role in consumer preferences and valuation of credence attributes.
Dynamic of Mental State of Healthcare Professionals in Intensive Care Unit During the Covid 19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Approach

In March 2020, New York City observed its first cases of COVID-19. A couple of weeks later, the number of patients testing positive for SAR-CoV-2 reached such a level that authorities declared mandatory lockdown and mandatory social distancing. The months that followed put the healthcare workforce under extreme pressure. Longer hours and self-isolation were among some of the challenges. In this study, we adopt a qualitative approach to underline the mental state of healthcare professionals who actively work in intensive care units at the surge of the pandemic. More than an enumeration of psychiatric disorders, we wanted to focus on the dynamics of their mental state, identify how they felt before the pandemic, during the pandemic, after it subsided, and what was helping them cope. We collected five (5) interviews. The average time was 18 min and it led to 24 pages of transcribed data. The majority of the participants were female. The sample included one social worker, one nurse, and three physicians. The minimum of time involved in the ICU was two weeks. At the beginning of the pandemic, the main theme was the feeling of concern. During the surge, the fear of getting sick or fear of infecting loved ones, trouble sleeping, burnout, or sadness were common. In addition, a sense of hopelessness and report of phantom symptoms related to Covid transpired. The coping mechanism varied. On a personal level, healthcare workers valued activities promoting self-care. Few used the help of a psychiatrist but those who did found it beneficial. A sense of purpose kept them engaged and a supportive community also helped. In the post-covid surge, exhaustion, fear of a second wave, loss of career purposefulness, or frustration predominated. The covid pandemic was and still is a challenging experience for many healthcare professionals. As the crisis is yet to be resolved, a need to find ways to maintain this indispensable workforce is imperative. Identifying their mental state per stage will help plan for better interventions before it is needed.
Breastfeeding practices among women taking second-generation antipsychotics: findings from the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics.

The purpose of this study is to examine initiation rates of breastfeeding and other breastfeeding outcomes among women taking second generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Participants were enrolled in the National Pregnancy Registry for Atypical Antipsychotics; an ongoing prospective cohort study enrolling women age 18–45 years who are exposed and unexposed to SGAs during pregnancy. A 3-month postpartum interview collects information regarding breastfeeding behaviors. Specifically, women are asked the following questions about ever breastfeeding, still breastfeeding at 3 months postpartum, and whether women are breastfeeding exclusively, bottle-feeding exclusively, or breast and bottle feeding. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize demographic variables and breastfeeding practices. Rates of breastfeeding initiation and continuation were higher among participants who did not use SGAs. Among women not on SGAs, 88.2% of women reported “ever breastfeeding” compared to 59.3% of women on an SGA. At 3 months postpartum, 47% of women on a non-SGA were exclusively breastfeeding compared to 23% of women on an SGA. While the majority of women on an SGA initiated breastfeeding, breastfeeding rates were considerably lower than for women who were not on a SGA. More research is needed on the safety of lactation and use of combinations of psychotropics for women in pregnancy and postpartum.
Studies of Prothrombin Biosynthesis in Cell-free Systems II. INCORPORATION OF l-[U-14C]LEUCINE INTO PROTHROMBIN BY RAT LIVER MICROSOMES AND RIBOSOMES

Abstract The biosynthesis of prothrombin from l-[U-14C]leucine in a cell-free system containing rat liver microsomes or polysomes has been shown. The radioactive prothrombin was purified with carrier by adsorption on barium salt, elution with citrate ion, precipitation with ammonium sulfate, and Sephadex chromatography. The purified radioactive prothrombin showed a single peak on acrylamide gel electrophoresis and was quantitatively precipitated with specific antibody. Similar results were obtained by the direct precipitation of newly synthesized prothrombin from aliquots of the reaction medium that had been suitably sonicated, centrifuged, and cleared with indifferent antigen-antibody complex. The degree of labeling of prothrombin under these conditions corresponded to an incorporation of 5 moles of leucine per mole of prothrombin consistent with chain elongation of previously initiated incomplete prothrombin chains.
Connective tissue cell mobilization and migration following wounding: I. Inhibition of mobilization by chloroquine and inhibition of migration by colchicine*

Connective tissue cell mobilization and migration in response to injury were studied in organ cultures of whole rabbit corneas. Cells in the center of the corneas were killed by freezing. During the first 48 hr after injury, a zone of cells approximately 400 μ wide and immediately adjacent to the frozen zone developed numerous large nucleoli, deeply basophilic cytoplasm and became spindle-shaped in appearance. In effect this was the phase of cellular mobilization (activation). Following these transformations the cells migrated into the acellular frozen-killed zone, a phase designated as a cellular migration. Migrating cells had sparsely repopulated the entire frozen zone (2 mm in diameter) by 96 hr after injury. Mitotic figures were never found. Chloroquine inhibited cell mobilization but not cell migration. Colchicine, on the other hand, inhibited cell migration but not cell mobilization.
Effects of Iron Starvation on the Physiology of the Cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum

The effects of iron starvation on the growth and physiology of the unicellular cyanobacterium Agmenellum quadruplicatum were studied. Uptake of iron from the medium did not occur at a constant rate. The majority of the iron was removed at two different times, when the cells were initially inoculated into the medium and after the cultures had become quite dense and had stopped growing. Iron became limiting for growth 16 h after transfer to an iron-deficient medium, but cultures retained full viability for at least 212 h. Once iron became limiting, c-phycocyanin and chlorophyll a were degraded concurrently. This was followed by an accumulation of intracellular glucose in place of the c-phycocyanin. Nitrate and nitrite reductase activities were elevated through 50 h, after which they decreased steadily. The photosynthetic unit size also increased through 50 h and then decreased. Once iron was restored to the culture medium, growth resumed. The intracellular pigment levels increased rapidly as the glucose level diminished.
Apoptotic Cells as a Source of Autoantigens

Publisher Summary The autoantibody response in patients and animals with autoimmune disease exhibits clonal expansion, affinity maturation, and class switching, and provides evidence that the immune responses in these processes are antigen driven and T-cell dependent. Experimental evidence indicates that most autoantigens are indeed unified by their susceptibility to structural modification during cell death. Although autoantigens have been demonstrated to undergo several types of modification during cell death, this chapter focuses only on the proteolytic cleavage of autoantigens, and the mechanisms whereby such changes might lead to initiation of an autoimmune response. Proteases play a critical role in the apoptotic process through targeted cleavage of a limited group of downstream substrates that are functionally important in the maintenance of life. The caspases, a family of cysteine proteases with an absolute requirement for cleavage after aspartic acid, constitute the most prominent apoptotic protease family. Furthermore, it is possible that cleavage of autoantigens influences immunogenicity, it is equally likely that the presence and structural features of the cleavage site itself influence antigen processing and epitope selection, and that different mechanisms apply to different autoantigens.
More Advanced General Purpose Procedures

The previous chapter covered the more established and the more widely used generic procedures. This chapter focuses on techniques that are more specialized and not as widely used.
Leakage power driven behavioral synthesis of pipelined datapaths

We present a scheduling, allocation and binding methodology that employs MTCMOS as the standby leakage reduction mechanism. We use the simulated annealing meta-heuristic for optimizing leakage power The cost functions for our approach are obtained after extensive characterization trials taking into account, the run-time characteristics of the MTCMOS approach. Our approach makes use of two cost factors: leakage cost, for optimizing the number of MTCMOS instances, and settling cost, for the minimization of their active-to-standby transitions. We enhance throughput and performance of the datapaths by synthesizing them as functionally pipelined systems before performing our optimizations. Using fully pre-characterized leakage libraries for RT-level simulation, we obtain an average leakage power reduction of 36.2%, and an average area overhead of 6.2%. However, with a small increase in schedule latency, we obtain an average reduction of around 3.95%-4.6% in the total area.
Toward a scalable architecture for logistical management of active content

In this paper we analyze the problem of creating digital library services for "active content" (e.g. adaptive video, interactive visualization) that can scale. We describe how this challenge can be addressed by technologies based on logistical networking, an innovative approach to communication infrastructure that combines bandwidth and storage in a way that supports the flexible co-scheduling of data transport and data storage. Two technologies are central: the portable channel representation (PCR), which embodies an abstract model of the server in order to support the automated mirroring of DL services on a heterogeneous infrastructure, and the Internet backplane protocol (IBP), which provides a primitive network storage service that achieves both scalability and strong management of data locality while conforming to the Internet's "end-to-end" design principles. We argue that this approach can lead to a DL service architecture for active content that will scale up just as the guiding vision of the DL community requires - to millions of users, distributed around the globe in diverse organizational environments.