cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Physiological concentrations of ouabain rapidly inhibit prolactin release from the tilapia pituitary.

Abstract Ouabain, a cardiac glycoside and inhibitor of Na + , K + -ATPase, is now believed to be a steroid hormone in mammals. We have recently identified ouabain immunoreactivity in the plasma of the tilapia, a euryhaline teleost. Changes in plasma concentrations of immunoreactive ouabain (20–40 pM) in response to salinity change were well correlated with the changes in plasma osmolality and cortisol. Our previous studies have shown that cortisol rapidly inhibits prolactin (PRL) release from the tilapia pituitary by suppressing intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ) and cAMP. In the present study, low doses of ouabain (10–1000 pM) inhibited PRL release dose-dependently during 2–24 h of incubation. There was no effect on growth hormone (GH) release, except for a significant increase at 1000 pM during 8–24 h of incubation. Significant dose-related increases in PRL release were observed at higher doses of ouabain (100–1000 nM), whereas significant inhibition was seen in GH release at 1000 nM during 2–24 h of incubation. Ouabain at 1–100 pM had no effect on Na + , K + -ATPase activity of the pituitary homogenate. The enzyme activity was inhibited by higher concentrations of ouabain, 10% at 1 nM, 15% at 10 nM, 28% at 100 nM, and 45% at 1000 nM. Ouabain also attenuated stimulation of PRL release by the Ca 2+ ionophore, A23187, and by a combination of dibutyryl cAMP and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthin. Intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations were monitored in the dispersed PRL cells with the Ca 2+ -sensitive dye, fura-2. Ouabain at 1 nM reversibly reduced [Ca 2+ ] i within seconds, whereas 1 μM ouabain increased [Ca 2+ ] i . A rapid reduction in [Ca 2+ ] i was also observed when PRL cells were exposed to 1 μM cortisol, whereas there was no consistent effect at 1 nM. These results suggest that ouabain at physiological concentrations rapidly inhibits PRL release from the tilapia pituitary by suppressing intracellular Ca 2+ and cAMP metabolism. The stimulation of PRL release by high concentrations of ouabain (100–1000 nM) may result from an increase in [Ca 2+ ] i , and subsequent depolarization due to the inhibition of Na + , K + -ATPase activity.
The Interplay between Online and Offline Explorations of Identity, Relationships, and Sex: A Mixed-Methods Study with LGBT Youth

Although the Internet is commonly used by lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth to explore aspects of sexual health, little is known about how this usage relates to offline explorations and experiences. This study used a mixed-methods approach to investigate the interplay between online and offline explorations of multiple dimensions of sexual health, which include sexually transmitted infections, sexual identities, romantic relationships, and sexual behaviors. A diverse community sample of 32 LGBT youth (ages 16-24) completed semi-structured interviews, which were transcribed and then qualitatively coded to identify themes. Results indicated that, although many participants evaluated online sexual health resources with caution, they frequently used the Internet to compensate for perceived limitations in offline resources and relationships. Some participants turned to the Internet to find friends and romantic partners, citing the relative difficulty of establishing offline contact with LGBT peers. Further, participants perceived the Internet as an efficient way to discover offline LGBT events and services relevant to sexual health. These results suggest that LGBT youth are motivated to fill gaps in their offline sexual health resources (e.g., books and personal communications) with online information. The Internet is a setting that can be harnessed to provide support for the successful development of sexual health.
On the Eggs of Some Man-Biting Mosquitoes

In Ashland County, Ohio, the writer has been attacked by mosquitoes at rates that extended to a maximum of 334 per hour. Represented in the attacks were twenty species of the six mosquito genera that are known to bite man throughout the United States. Females of the different species were collected in the field by letting them suck blood from the writer. The captured mosquitoes were then taken to the laboratory, where each one was kept in a separate cage to get her eggs for study. This paper is devoted to those results of the study that deal with the position, structure, and hatching of the eggs.
Vasopressin receptor mediated contraction and [3H]inositol metabolism in rat tail artery.

Abstract Inositol phosphates (IP) production and contraction in isolated but otherwise intact rat tail artery were measured in response to stimulation by vasopressin agonists. We have previously studied similar α-adrenoceptor responses. Identical rank orders of vasopressin agonists' potency were found for IP accumulation and contraction. The vasopressin analogue [1-(β-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylene proprionic acid)-2-(O-methyl)tyrosine,D-arginine 8 ] vasopressin, was shown to be a specific, reversible antagonist for both IP accumulation and contraction by all vasopressin agonists tested. No antagonism of vasopressin induced increases in IP accumulation or contraction were found using phenoxybenzamine. Therefore, (i) in this tissue vasopressin receptors mediate both contraction and IP accumulation; and (ii) vasopressin mediated responses appear to be direct effects not mediated via the activation of α-adrenoceptors. Demonstration of two entirely different receptors, mediating the same functional response, and which both promote IP production, is consistent with a general obligatory role for phosphoinositide catabolism in receptor mediated vascular smooth muscle contraction.
Studies of ballast water dispersal in Port Valdez, Alaska

Abstract All oily ballast water from tankers arriving at Valdez, Alaska, is treated prior to discharge into Port Valdez, a northeasterly fjord-like extension of Prince William Sound in south-central Alaska. In addition to specifying the quality and allowable quantity, the permits for this discharge also required field studies of the outfall diffuser system to determine its actual dispersion characteristics under the extremes of oceanographic conditions experienced in Port Valdez. Two dye studies of the diffuser effluent were performed by the University of Alaska Institute of Marine Science to meet this permit requirement. For this diffuser study, Rhodamine WT dye was the effluent tracer and a SeaMarTec Fluorometer/Nephelometer was the detection instrument. The latter is an optical device which, when coupled with conventional STD instrumentation, enabled the rapid acquisition of continuous vertical profiles of salinity, temperature, and dye concentration at many locations surrounding the diffuser where depths ranged from 20 to 150 m. The procedures described herein provided sufficient data to describe the three-dimensional development of the dye plume and to evaluate the diffuser's capability to satisfy the effluent dilution requirements stipulated by the ballast water discharge permits.
Synthesis of platelet activating factor (paf) via a cyclic tin intermediate

Abstract Condensation of 2-0-benzylglycerol with dibutyl tin oxide gave a cyclic intermediate which was functionalized to give PAF.
The preparation and properties of acrylic and methacrylic acid grafted cellulose prepared by ceric ion initiation. II: Water retention properties

Bleached sulfite softwood pulp and the corresponding paper have been grafted with acrylic and methacrylic acids and a number of other monomers. A practical, all aqueous, ceric ion method was used as described in Part I of this series. The water and saline retention values of the grafted pulps were determined. Super water sorbency, up to 48 g/g, were obtained after suitable post treatments. A number of variables were studied including the effects of pH, counterion, crosslinking, drying, and beating. It was gratifying that drying did not affect the effeciency of water or saline water retention. Useful linear functional relationships were found between the saline water retention values and the logarithm of the percent sodium chloride in the water. The two “model” parameters of the plots also correlated well with the water retention values and with the degree of grafting expressed as the ion exchange equivalents of the pulps. The osmotic pressure approach to the water sorption as developed by Grignon and Scallan5 coupled with the restraining forces of the grafted polymer itself is used to interpret the process.
Silicon Radiation Detector Monitors Nitrogen 16 in a Power Reactor

A totally depleted diffused junction silicon radiation detector is used to monitor N16 in the coolant of a heavy water nuclear power reactor. The detector operates at boiler room ambient temperature and is stable and reliable. The system provides discrimination against background from corrosion and activation products with very little shielding required. The detector characteristics which affect accuracy are described and special features are incorporated to improve system stability.
Importance of higher-order components to multispectral classification

A Landsat multispectral image was combined with the corresponding digital terrain elevation data to study several information extraction procedures. Principal component and limited multispectral classification procedures were conducted on 1024 × 1024 four-band Landsat and five-band (Landsat plus terrain data) images, and color composites as well as quantitative information were generated. Selected results of this preliminary investigation confirm the usefulness of the principal component analysis in a qualitative presentation of the multi-band data and its association with a significant reduction in dimensionality. However, unlike some other investigators, we found that the full dimensionality must be retained when the information content of the data has to be preserved quantitatively.
Fetal dopamine cell survival after transplantation is dramatically improved at a critical donor gestational age in nonhuman primates.

Abstract Mesencephalic tissue containing newly generated dopamine neurons was collected from brains of embryonic African green monkeys at 44 and 49 days of gestation and stereotaxically implanted into multiple sites in the caudate nucleus of adult monkeys previously treated with the dopamine protoxin, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrathydropyridine. Ultrasonography was utilized to assess the developmental stage prior to hysterotomy. Brains were removed for combined histochemical and biochemical analyses at 3 1 2 months after grafting to determine the extent of graft survival and growth. The dopamine content of the target nucleus was assessed from microdissected "punches" placed in proximity to grafts identified in unfixed brain slices prior to fixation. Tissue dopamine levels adjacent to the grafts were elevated markedly, reaching 25-50% of control levels at some sites in the caudate nucleus. Morphometric analysis of graft size and dopamine cell numbers was performed with computer-enhanced, video-based imaging. Exceptionally large grafts that far exceeded their initial size at the time of implantation were seen at each placement site. The dopamine cell count was as high as 3500 in a single graft from E44 tissue, but only as high as 550 from the E49 donor. Up to 15,000 tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons were stained in the host monkey that received E44 tissue; only 1 10 as many were seen in each of the recipients of E49 day samples. The earlier donor grafts occupied as much as 15% of the caudate nucleus as seen in a single coronal section; summation of all sections that contained grafts at each placement from the E44 donor revealed average areas occupied by the grafts ranging from 3 to 8% of the caudate nucleus. In comparison, grafts produced from an E49 donor averaged between 2.4 and 5.4% of the area of the target. Qualitatively, grafts from each gestational stage showed well-developed dopamine neurons with morphological characteristics equivalent to those of all three ventral mesencephalic dopamine cell groups. The attainment of large, well-differentiated grafts with thousands of dopaminergic neurons from early gestation tissue suggests that optimal cell survival in primates is dependent on the degree of postgerminal development of the dopamine neuron. Neurite extension may be critical in this regard as well as other, at present, undefined factors. Maximal graft development and cell survival may be a critical element in the ability of neural grafts to reverse a neurological disability and to maintain improvement in the event of continued degeneration of host dopamine neurons.
In vitro analysis of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells as potential cellular therapeutics in neurometabolic diseases in pediatric patients

Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play an important role in stromal support for hematopoietic stem cells, immune modulation, and tissue regeneration. We investigated their potential as cellular therapeutic tools in neurometabolic diseases as a growing number of affected children undergo to bone marrow transplantation. MSCs were isolated from bone marrow aspirates and expanded ex vivo under various culture conditions. MSCs under optimal good medical practice (GMP)-conform culture conditions showed the typical morphology, immunophenotype, and plasticity. Biochemically, the activities of β-hexosaminidase A, total β-hexosaminidase, arylsulfatase A (ASA), and β-galactosidase measured in MSCs were comparable to those in fibroblasts of healthy donors. These four enzymes were interesting for their expression in MSCs, as each of them is defective, respectively, in well-known neurometabolic diseases. We found that MSCs released significant amounts of ASA into the media. In coculture experiments, fibroblasts from patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy, who are deficient for ASA, took up a substantial amount of ASA that was released into the media from MSCs. Mannose-6-phosphate (M6P) inhibited this uptake, which was in accordance with the M6P receptor-mediated uptake of lysosomal enzymes. Taken together, we show that MSCs produce appreciable amounts of lysosomal enzyme activities, making these cells first-choice candidates for providing metabolic correction when given to enzyme-deficient patients. With the example of ASA, it was also shown that an enzyme secreted from MSCs is taken up by enzyme-deficient patient fibroblasts. Given the plasticity of MSCs, these cells represent an interesting add-on option for cellular therapy in children undergoing bone marrow transplantation for lysosomal storage diseases and other neurometabolic diseases.
The preconditions for manufacturing foreign direct investment in the united states: An empirical assessment

This study used a multivariate regression analysis of industry-and firm-specific factors to determine characteristics that lead to manufacturing firms’ foreign direct investment in the United States (FDIUS). Two hundred forty firms were examined (137 investors and 103 noninvestors) from 7 countries in 10 industries during the 1984–1988 period. Firm size and overall profits were positive and significant indicators of FDIUS, but firms’ return on assets was not significant. Three industry-specific variables (prior exports to the United States, industry concentration, and technological intensity) were examined; they were generally positive but insignificant indicators of FDIUS.
Should we be worried about high real medical spending growth in the United States

ABSTRACT: This paper argues that increases in medical spending growth are not necessarily causes for alarm or reasons for strong action. Especially in the private sector, increases in employers' payments for benefits should often be offset with smaller raises; whether employees' cost shares should be increased depends on a comparison of benefits and costs. Problems are more severe for public-sector spending, for the uninsured, and for those responding to distorted incentives.
Paleomagnetic Investigation of Lake Lahontan Sediments and Its Application for Dating Pluvial Events in the Northwestern Great Basin

A comparison of paleomagnetic secular variation in sediment of Pleistocene Lake Lahontan in the northwestern Great Basin with secular variation in lake sediment in the Mono Basin, California, indicates that Lake Lahontan was in the valley of the Truckee River between Pyramid Lake and Wadsworth, Nevada, from about 19,000 to 13,000 yr B.P. The secular variation in older Lake Lahontan sediment in the Truckee River valley has the general features of secular variation in middle Pleistocene lacustrine sediments near Rye Patch Dam, Nevada, 125 km to the east. On the basis of field mapping and tephrochronology, the sections of older lacustrine sediments are not coeval. The apparent, but erroneous, correlation of those sediments emphasizes the need for multiple dating methods when paleomagnetic secular variation is used to date stratigraphy.
Drug and Drinking Behavior Among Youth

The spread in the use of marihuana and other illicit drugs in the popula­ tion represents one of the most striking and best documented instances of social change during the last decade. Repeated annually, surveys indicate that rates of marihuana use, far from stabilizing as had been anticipated earlier (National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse 1973), are still increasing-primarily among adolescents. This review focuses on the use of alcohol and other drugs (particularly marihuana) by adolescents and young adults. I emphasize empirical re­ search based on the survey approach,2 especially longitudinal studies. In my opinion, panel studies in drug research represent the most significant development of the last seveml years. Except for epidemiological research, I perforce ignore a great deal of important cross-sectional work. Several excellent reviews of cross-sectional research have recently appeared.3
Theory of prism-coupled light emission from tunnel junctions

We have developed a theory of light emission from smooth tunnel junctions through a coupler prism. This method of light emission does not depend on the surface roughness of the junction for the emission mechanism by surface-plasmon polaritons, and allows direct emission by the fast mode. The theory follows the Green's-function formalism developed by Laks and Mills and uses the same assumed form of current fluctuations in the junction. The prediction of this theory for the angle dependence of the emission intensity agrees well with the experimental result, but the calculated emission spectra at several angles do not agree with the experimental results. From the fact that the observed spectra show a well-defined peak in the frequency region in which the slow mode is very strongly excited, we conclude that an important process that produces the observed spectra involves the conversion of the slow mode to the fast mode mediated by residual surface roughness.
Discrimination of explosive residues on organic and inorganic substrates using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy

We have demonstrated the detection and discrimination of explosive residues on a variety of surfaces using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and partial least squares discriminant analysis. The correlation between the hardness of a substrate and the ability to discriminate residues on that substrate is discussed. We have also shown that while using the full spectra in the chemometric model improves the classification of sample types in the model, the use of intensities and ratios specific to explosive residues improves the classification of sample types that are not part of the model. In the first case, differences in the laser-induced plasma (and resulting spectral features) attributable to the laser-material interaction contribute to the sample discrimination, while using intensities and ratios specific to explosive residues focuses on the chemical composition of the sample for discrimination. Combining the results of the two models for a given sample set decreases the overall false positive rate for all test samples.
Monte Carlo lattice simulation of the interchange of chains between micelles of diblock copolymers

Abstract The exchange of chains between micelles of diblock copolymers in dilute solution has been studied using a dynamic Monte Carlo simulation. Appropriate correlation functions have been defined and used to extract information from the trajectories. The picture of the dynamics depends on the definition of the correlation functions, because different definitions are sensitive to different aspects of the overall dynamics of the system. The influence of concentration on the fundamental processes, such as the extraction of a chain from a micelle and the addition of a chain to a micelle, is studied. The tracer correlation function, wich is defined in terms of the number of chains in an aggregate, shows a concentration dependence. In contrast, correlation functions defined for the extraction of a chain from a micelle and addition of a chain to a micelle change very little for concentrations slightly above the critical micelle concentration. An elaborated form of the correlation function for chain addition to a micelle, which differentiates the arriving chain as a free chain or a participant in an aggregate at t = 0, shows a concentration dependence for the latter case. Another formulation on the basis of fluorescence experiments has been set up considering each chain to be labelled either with a Forster donor or a Forster acceptor. The resulting curves show that an increase in concentration leads to the relatively faster change in the efficiency of nonradiative singlet energy transfer.
Predictors of Adolescent Male Body Image Dissatisfaction: Implications for Negative Health Practices and Consequences for School Health from a Regionally Representative Sample

BACKGROUND: Adolescent males are more likely to sustain intentional and unintentional injuries, be involved in a physical confrontation, and be successful in suicide attempts. Body image dissatisfaction (BID) has been linked as a possible contributing factor to these negative health behaviors and risks; however, research is limited with males. The interaction of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and social variables in a holistic model has yet to be explored for males. Variables precipitating adolescent males to develop an unhealthy body image and act on negative health behaviors, such as body image drug use, were the impetus for this study. METHODS: A randomized cross-sectional sample of 330 adolescent males answered questions concerning body image using the Adolescent Body Image Satisfaction Scale (ABISS). Pearson product moment correlations and stepwise regression analyses identified the strongest predictive variables of BID. RESULTS: The strongest contributing variables accounting for 56.7% of model variance were desire for the body of another person (r = .571, p < .001), teasing (r = .490, p < .001), satisfaction with their body when they were younger (r = .450, p < .001), and difficulty coping with criticism (r = .443, p < .001). No statistically significant differences were found for racial/ethnic background (p < .822, n.s.). CONCLUSIONS: Educators and school districts should consider the confluence of psychosocial variables affecting body image and adolescent male health risk behaviors based on a statistically sound predictive model as provided by the ABISS. Targeted programming to enhance body image and address teasing/bullying behaviors is strongly recommended.
The Electrochemical Behavior of Aluminum in the Low Temperature Molten Salt System n Butyl Pyridinium Chloride: Aluminum Chloride and Mixtures of This Molten Salt with Benzene

The aluminum deposition and stripping processes at tungsten, platinum, and glassy carbon electrodes in the low temperature molten salt system, n butyl pyridinium chloride: aluminum chloride, and the 50 volume percent (v/o) mixture of this molten salt with benzene have been investigated, using a variety of electrochemical techniques. At all three electrodes, and in both solvent systems, the deposition reaction in slightly acidic melts, the reduction of ions, was found to involve a nucleation process while at the tungsten and platinum electrodes underpotential deposition was also observed. Reduction of the n butyl pyridinium cation was found to occur at −1.1V vs. Al(2:1 melt) which is positive of the reduction potential of ions and therefore aluminum deposition in basic melts was not observable. Studies of the stripping of aluminum from inert substrates showed that aluminum is very slowly corroded in acidic melts, and melt‐benzene mixtures, by traces of oxidizing impurities while in basic systems aluminum reduces the n butyl pyridinium cation. Potentiometric titration of the 50 v/o melt‐benzene mixture showed that the acid‐base properties of this system are defined, as in the pure melt, by the equilibrium with an equilibrium constant of at 30°C.
Queer Tracks: Subversive Strategies in Rock and Pop Music

According to General Editor Derek B. Scott, the Ashgate Popular and Folk Music Series engages with new trends in popular music scholarship by focusing on authors who “are concerned with locating mu...
Laser trapping of radioactive francium atoms

Abstract The difficult problem of quickly slowing and cooling nuclear reaction products so that they can be injected into a laser trap has been solved by several groups and there are now strong efforts to work with the trapped atoms. The atoms are confined in the trap to a small spatial volume of the order of 1 mm3, but more importantly, they are also confined in velocity, which makes them an ideal sample for spectroscopic measurements with other lasers. We have recently trapped radioactive francium and have embarked on a program to further study the francium atom as a prelude to a test of the Standard Model analogous to previous work with Cs. Our sample of 3 min 210Fr now contains over 20 000 atoms, and is readily visible with an ordinary TV camera. We work on-line with the accelerator, and continuously load the trap to replace losses due to decay and collisions with background gas. We have maintained a sample of Fr atoms in the trap for over 10 hours, with occasional adjustment of the trapping laser frequency to account for drifts. The proposed test of the Standard Model will require accurate calculation of its atomic properties. We are currently testing these calculations by measuring other predicted quantities.
Proof-of-Principle Measurements of the Superfluid Joule-Thomson Refrigerator Concept

The performance of the first Superfluid Joule-Thomson Refrigerator (SJTR) is described. The SJTR has achieved a low temperature of 0.68 K when exhausting its waste heat to a thermal reservoir at a temperature of 1.2 K. Cooling power versus temperature measurements were conducted with two different throttles and with different compressor speeds
Neurocomputational analysis of a multiband reconfigurable planar antenna

Procedures using neural networks are developed for characterizing multiband reconfigurable antennas. A multilayer perceptron (MLP) is used to locate the operational frequency bands of the antenna at different reconfigured conditions. Another self-organizing map (SOM) neural network accomplishes the task of locating the switches to be turned ON for a desired frequency response. The developed formulation is tested on a laboratory prototype antenna.
Multiple sources of outflow in processing spatial information.

Abstract The role of outflow (efference copy) is investigated by pressing on the eye while maintaining visual fixation, so that outflow is biased while image position on the retina remains constant. Most resulting changes in perception and spatial behavior can be accounted for by assuming that the eyes are controlled by a combination of pursuit (perceived as target movement) and the system that generates stabilization and optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) (unregistered in perception). The theory is extended here to static positions. If the eye is pressed in a structured visual field, for example, a static portion of the OKN system maintains fixation despite eyepress. This system may be based on an integrator in the saccadic holding system. Bias in efference copy, originating from unregistered oculomotor innervation, biases pointing to a target with an unseen hand. The target deviation is not perceived because OKN is stabilizing the eye. In darkness, OKN cannot hold the eye against the eyepress. Pursuit innervation maintains fixation on a small target and biases the efference copy. Now, however, the innervation bias results in apparent deviation. Discharge of the OKN system's integrator can be perceived if a structured field is extinguished while eyepress is maintained, leaving only a target point. Increasing pursuit effort is seen as a drift of the target toward the efference copy. The bias in pointing, governed by the sum of pursuit and OKN, remains constant throughout the period of perceived drift. A control diagram of the systems clarifies their relationships.
Edoxaban: pharmacological principles, preclinical and early-phase clinical testing.

Vitamin K antagonists have been the cornerstone of oral antithrombotic therapy to help prevent ischemic stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) and reduce venous thromboembolic events. Despite proven clinical benefit, vitamin K antagonists have several limitations, including a narrow therapeutic window, slow onset/offset of action, need for close monitoring and significant drug/food interactions, highlighting the need for alternative therapies. Recently, the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran was approved by the US FDA for use in AF, and several factor Xa inhibitors are in late-stage clinical testing. Edoxaban is a novel, oral, reversible, direct factor Xa inhibitor with rapid absorption and predictable dose-dependent anticoagulation effects. Early clinical studies have shown promising results and it is currently undergoing large-scale Phase III trials for stroke prevention in AF and venous thromboembolic event prophylaxis and treatment. This review provides an overview of the current understanding, clinical...
A Survey of Voiding Dysfunction in Children With Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder

ABSTRACTPurpose: Physicians treating attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have long had the clinical impression that these children suffer disproportionately from voiding dysfunction and incontinence. However, no data exist to confirm this suspicion. In an attempt to investigate this clinical finding, we administered a survey asking about any functional bladder symptoms to a group of children with ADHD and a control group without ADHD.Materials and Methods: The Dysfunctional Voiding Symptom Survey (DVSS) was administered to a group of children being treated for rigorously diagnosed ADHD and a control group without ADHD. The DVSS consists of 10 questions that assess daytime incontinence, nocturnal enuresis, constipation, urgency, voiding frequency and dysuria, each scored from 0 to 4 (0—never, 1—almost never, 2—less than half the time, 3—about half the time, 4—almost every time) for a maximum total score of 40 (severest symptoms). Scores for patients and controls were compared for each question ...
Understanding Arthritis: Promoting Healthy Lifestyles for Older Adults

(2010). Understanding Arthritis. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 81, No. 4, pp. 34-39.
Prolonged Coma in a Child Due to Hashish Ingestion with Quantitation of THC Metabolites in Urine

Background Cannabinoid-containing substances are commonly abused worldwide. Significant toxicity from these substances is uncommon in adults but can result in significant symptoms in children; these symptoms are usually short-lived. Objectives To report a case of prolonged mental status alteration of more than 2 days in a child who ingested hashish. Case report A 14-month-old child presented comatose to a pediatric emergency department after ingestion of hashish; she did not regain consciousness for more than 48 h. Quantitative testing of the child's urine for a tetrahydrocannabinol metabolite revealed a markedly elevated level, the decline of which coincided with the child's clinical improvement. Conclusions Significant ingestion of cannabinoid-containing substances is capable of causing prolonged symptoms (including coma) in children.
Capturing high-level image concepts via affinity relationships in image database retrieval

In this paper, we present a mechanism called Markov Model Mediator (MMM) to facilitate the efficient and effective capturing of high-level image concepts in content-based image retrieval (CBIR). MMM serves as the retrieval engine of the CBIR system and uses affinity-based similarity measures. This mechanism is effective in capturing subjective user concepts in that it not only takes into consideration the global image features, but also learns the high-level concepts of the images from the history of user access patterns and access frequencies on the images in the image database, which differentiates it from the common methods in CBIR. The advantage of our proposed mechanism is that it exploits the richness in the structured description of visual contents as well as the relative affinity relationships among the images. Consequently, it provides the capability to bridge the gap between the low-level features and the high-level concepts. This mechanism is also efficient in that it integrates Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to significantly reduce the image search space at a low cost before performing exact similarity matching. An off-line training subsystem for this framework was implemented and integrated into our system. The experimental results demonstrate that MMM can effectively capture user's high-level concept more quickly.
Controllability analysis of IPM generator connected through LCL filter to the grid

The components of renewable energy systems including interfacing filters are first selected to ensure steady optimum performance operation, after which controllers are designed and implemented to ensure stability, high dynamic performance and robustness to disturbance and parameter variations. Sometimes, the component selection made, such as the structure and values of the elements of the filter may adversely affect or limit controller performance. In order to prevent or to be aware of this possibility, the controllability analysis of the open-loop system which reveals the inherent characteristics of the system is desirable. In this paper the controllability analysis of an interior permanent magnet (IPM) wind turbine generator connected to the grid through a filter interface is studied. The stability of the nonlinear system and the study of the zero dynamics provide insights into potential constraints on controller structure and dynamics. It is revealed, for the selected controlled variables that the LCL filter makes the system to have unstable zero dynamics, which pose a limitation on controller structure that can be used and its dynamic performance.
Variation in the Catchability of Yellow Perch in an Otter Trawl

Abstract Changes in the catchability of yellow perch Perca flavescens in an otter trawl were examined by comparing annual catch per unit effort (CPUE) in Oneida Lake to mark-recapture population estimates over a series of years. Catchability was similar among age groups of adult yellow perch. Annual catchability was similar in 4 of 5 years, but threefold higher in the fifth, presumably due to lower water clarity in that year. Examination of within-season changes in CPUE indicate that other, undetermined environmental factors also affect catchability.
Deletion of neuronal gap junction protein connexin 36 impairs hippocampal LTP

In the mammalian CNS, deletion of neuronal gap junction protein, connexin 36 (Cx36), causes deficiencies in learning and memory. Here we tested whether Cx36 deletion affects the hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP), which is considered as a cellular model of learning and memory mechanisms. We report that in acute slices of the hippocampal CA1 area, LTP is reduced in Cx36 knockout mice as compared to wild-type mice. Western blot analysis of NMDA receptor subunits indicates a higher NR2A/NR2B ratio in Cx36 knockout mice, indicating that there is shift in the threshold for LTP induction in knockout animals. Data suggest a possibility that learning and memory deficiencies in Cx36 knockout mice are due to deficiencies in LTP mechanisms.
Aging and intelligence in young retarded adults: a cross-sectional study of fluid abilities in three samples.

The effects of aging on fluid mental abilities of 90 mentally retarded adults from three settings were investigated in a cross-sectional study. To test the hypothesis that the early adult retarded show the same decline in fluid abilities as the non-retarded, the Raven Progressive Matrices, Porteus Mazes and a paired-associate memory test were administered to subjects ranging in age from 19 to 43 yr., all of whom had received WAIS IQs in the mildly retarded range when in their late teens. Scores on the three tests correlated negatively with the teenage WAIS Verbal IQ but positively with the teenage Performance IQ. Contrary to studies of normal adults, the older retarded subjects did somewhat better than the younger ones. Significant differences between age groups emerged only on the paired-associate scores. The results raise the possibility that fluid mental abilities show a later decline in the mildly retarded than in the non-retarded.
Best Strategies in Recurrent or Persistent Clostridium difficile Infection

Abstract Background: Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the primary cause of antibiotic-associated colitis and 15–25% of nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Its clinical manifestations can range from mild diarrhea to toxic megacolon, bowel perforation, septic shock, and death. Over the past decade, more virulent strains have become increasingly common causes, and the incidence of CDI has risen, especially in elderly patients. These developments have led to an increase in recurrent CDI, which is more difficult to treat. This review focuses on recurrent CDI and its treatment. Methods: MEDLINE review using search terms Clostridium difficile, Clostridium difficile infection, recurrent Clostridium difficile infection. Results: A first recurrence may be treated with the same regimen as the first episode. Metronidazole 500 mg q 8 h for 10–14 days is the drug of choice for moderate infection, and vancomycin 125 mg q 6 h for 10–14 days is the drug of choice for severe CDI. Metronidazole should not be ...
Complex Principal Component Analysis: Theory and Examples

Abstract Complex principal component (CPC) analysis is shown to be a useful method for identifying traveling and standing waves in geophysical data sets. Combinations of simple progressive and standing oscillations are used to examine the properties of this technique. These examples illustrate that although CPC analysis allows for the identification of traveling waves, many of the drawbacks associated with conventional principal component analysis remain, and sometimes become worse; e.g. the interpretation of CPC solutions is more difficult since both amplitude and phase relationships must be considered. A method for linearly transforming complex principal components was devised in order to identify regional relationships within large geophysical data sets. The errors in CPC analysis resulting from limited sample sizes are discussed.
Depression as a response to reproductive failure

Abstract A curious feature of mental and emotional suffering is that human females are much more prone to develop serious psychological depression than males. By viewing some instances of depression as a response to reproductive failure not only can many of the sex differences in the incidence of depression be explained, but a variety of other curious data on depression (e.g., postpartum depression) can be integrated in ways that have heuristic value and potential therapeutic implications. According to this hypothesis, the extent to which depression occurs in other species as a consequence of reproductive failure should be proportional to the degree to which they are subject to K-selection.
Selective concentration of cesium in analcime during hydrothermal alteration, Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming

Abstract Chemical and mineralogical studies of fresh and hydrothermally altered rhyolitic material in Upper and Lower Geyser Basins, Yellowstone National Park, show that all the altered rocks are enriched in Cs and that Cs is selectively concentrated in analcime. The Cs content of unaltered rhyolite lava flows, including those from which the altered sediments are derived, ranges from 2.5 to 7.6 ppm. The Cs content of analcime-bearing altered sedimentary rocks is as high as 3000 ppm, and in clinoptilolite-bearing altered sedimentary rocks Cs content is as high as 180 ppm. Altered rhyolite lava flows which were initially vitrophyres, now contain up to 250 ppm Cs, and those which were crystallized prior to hydrothermal alteration contain up to 14 ppm. Mineral concentrates of analcime contain as much as 4700 ppm Cs. The Cs must have been incorporated into the analcime structure during crystallization, rather than by later cation substitution, because analcime does not readily exchange Cs. The Cs Cl of the fluids circulating through the hydrothermal system varies, suggesting that Cs is not always a conservative ion and that Cs is lost from upflowing thermal waters due to water-rock interaction resulting in crystallization of Cs-bearing analcime. The source of Cs for Cs enrichment of the altered rocks is from leaching of rhyolitic rocks underlying the geyser basins, and from the top of the silicic magma chamber that underlies the area. Analcime is an important natural Cs sink, and the high Cs concentrations reported here may prove to be an important indicator of the environment of analcime crystallization.
Luminescence characteristics of SrS:CeF/sub 3/ thin-film electroluminescent devices

The response of a blue SrS:CeF/sub 3/ AC thin-film electroluminescent display device to a pulsed voltage train is marked by a luminescence peak at both the leading and trailing edges of the pulse. The height of the leading peak is less than that of the trailing peak at low (near threshold) voltages but grows much larger than the trailing peak at higher voltages. The spectral content of the luminescence in the two peaks is very close. Areas under the two peaks are sensitive functions of the amplitude and the pulse width of the excitation voltage. The results are interpreted by a model that attributes the trailing peak to the presence of shallower or nonequilibrium states at the phosphor-insulator interface. Also present are the deeper or equilibrium states at the interface and the midgap states in the bulk SrS. Electrons that initiate the leading edge luminescence come from all three of these states. Electrons that initiate the trailing edge luminescence are thought to emanate from the shallower interface states. >
Calculation of molecular geometries and energies by a local density functional approach

We have used density functional theory in the local density approximation, as implemented in the DMol-double numerical plus polarization ( DMoI/DNP) procedure, to calculate optimized geometries for a group of molecules containing only first-row atoms. The results are in generally satisfactory agreement with experimentally determined structures. The DMOI/DNP atomic and molecular energies are rather poor, when compared to high-level ab initio GAUSSIAN 1 values (which are taken as the standard), but the errors do show excellent linear correlations with the total energies. These relationships allow the DMOI/DNP results to be corrected to a high degree of accuracy, so that they can then be used to obtain atomization and dissociation energies that compare well with measured values. It is shown that the errors in the DMOI/DNP energies tend to increase as the number of electrons becomes larger and the number of nuclei smaller.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of radioiodinated N-2-(4-piperidyl)ethyl benzamides

Three iodinated benzamides, 5-7, analogues of the potent acetylcholinesterase inhibitor 1-benzyl-4-[N-[4'-(benzylsulfonyl) benzoyl-N-methylamino]ethyl]piperidine (2), were synthesized and evaluated as potential anticholinesterase agents. All three compounds were found to be three orders of magnitude less potent than the parent compound. However, receptor screening revealed that compounds 5-7 exhibit nanomolar affinity for the sigma binding site. Both [125I]5 and [125I]7 were synthesized and evaluated in rats. Following the intravenous administration of [125I]5 into rats, 1.59% of the injected dose was found in the rat brain within 5 min. The level of radioactivity in the brain remained steady for 2 h, the duration of the study. In contrast, 0.42% of the injected dose was detected in the rat brain following the i.v. injection of [125I]7. Coadministration of either [125I]5 or [125I]7 with 0.5 mumol/kg of haloperidol resulted in a 56-73% reduction in the level of radioactivity in the rat brain, suggesting that these compounds bind to the sigma binding site in vivo. Planar imaging studies with [123I]5 revealed significant accumulation of radioactivity within the monkey brain, with a half-life of 6 h. Compound [123I]5 may be potentially useful for studying sigma receptor distribution in the human brain.
The Phyllosoma Larvae of Slipper Lobsters From the Hawaiian Islands and Adjacent Areas (Decapoda, Scyllaridae)

Aus Planktonproben, welche der Umgegend der Hawaiischen Inseln entstammen, werden sechs Arten scyllarider Phyllosoma-Larven beschrieben. Es wird angenommen, das funf dieser Larven-formen von folgenden ortlichen Arten produziert werden: Scyllarus modestus, S. timidus, Parribacus antarcticus, Scyllarides squammosus und Arctides regalis - der einzige aus dieser Gegend bekannte Vertreter der Scyllaridae. Die sechste Larve, Scyllarus sp., wird vermutlich auch ortlich produziert, jedoch ist das adulte Stadium bisher noch nicht gefunden worden. Die Ahnlichkeit einiger dieser Larven mit Phyllosomen, die von anderen Gebieten mit identischen Arten beschrieben worden sind, wird diskutiert.
Understanding parasite ecology and evolution in the light of immunology

The study of the ecology and evolution of parasites has grown in popularity over the past few decades, with an increasing number of scientific articles, popular science books and even TV shows dedicated to the subject. This new interest has also led to an expansion of the parasitology textbook options, from classic texts full of taxonomic and life-cycle descriptions, to others that attempt to explain host–parasite dynamics in terms of ecology and evolution [1,2].
Electron densities determined by the HIRAAS Experiment and comparisons with ionosonde measurements

We present electron density profiles derived by inversion of ultraviolet limb scans made by the High Resolution Airglow and Aurora Spectroscopy (HIRAAS) experiment on the Advanced Research and Global Observing Satellite (ARGOS). The ultraviolet limb scans were inverted using an iterative algorithm based on discrete inverse theory. We present two comparisons with nearly coincident ionosonde measurements of the F-region peak density and peak height. Our observations took place on 24 November 1999 when the 10.7 cm radio flux was 181 × 10−22 Watt m−2 Hz−1 and the daily ap was 21, indicating moderate geomagnetic activity. The retrieved peak electron density and peak height were in good agreeent with the ionosonde measurements, demonstrating the accuracy of the ultraviolet technique for sensing the ionospheric state.
Quality of Life and Health in the Last Years After Spinal Cord Injury

Method: To answer the question of what people with spinal cord injury (SCI) can likely expect in terms of quality of life (QOL) and health as they approach the end of life, longitudinal data from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Collaborative Aging Study were examined. Result: Over the course of the study, only 1 in 4 reported poor or fair QOL, and only 1 in 10 reported not being generally healthy. Conclusion: Findings chart the natural course of QOL and health and provide reassurance that life with SCI can be both healthy and of a good quality, even in the last years of life.