cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of a single session in‐series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in the management of carprofen overdose in two dogs

Objective To describe the efficacy of in-series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis in 2 dogs with carprofen overdose. Case summary This report describes the treatment of 2 dogs following accidental carprofen overdoses who underwent a single in-series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis session. Serial serum carprofen concentrations were measured before, during, and after the session. The first patient's session lasted 5 hours, with the largest decrease in serum carprofen concentrations occurring during the first hour of treatment. The carprofen clearance during the following 4 hours of treatment decreased substantially compared to the first hour and was not different from the patient's intrinsic clearance of carprofen after the session was completed. Based on the findings from the first case, the second patient was treated with a 1 hour single hemoperfusion and hemodialysis session. Our results support the hypothesis that carprofen is not effectively removed by conventional hemodialysis and the efficacy of hemoperfusion is short lived due to rapid saturation of the charcoal filter. Once filter saturation occurs, the extracorporeal session is no longer efficacious. Using in-series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis is of benefit to correct the side effects seen with hemoperfusion alone, and hourly charcoal filter replacement may extend the efficacy of treatment in removing carprofen. New or unique information provided This is the first published report of in-series hemoperfusion and hemodialysis being used to treat carprofen overdose in a dog. In these 2 cases, the intrinsic clearances of the patients were shown to be equivalent to that of standard hemodialysis alone, indicating that hemodialysis does not produce any advantage in carprofen clearance. In this limited report, we suggest that the efficacy of hemoperfusion in removing carprofen is short-lived, and extending the treatment beyond the first hour does not produce any therapeutic benefit. In order to extend the efficacy of hemoperfusion, hourly replacement of the charcoal filter should be considered.
Corporate financial policies and performance around currency crises

This paper studies firm‐level leverage and performance measures before and after a currency crisis, using data from 17 countries. We show that, prior to a crisis, companies that expect to benefit from currency depreciations increase their leverage more than companies that are expected to be harmed by the depreciation. Profitability and financial fragility ratios display consistent patterns. We provide evidence that the Asian crisis is different from the previous European and Latin American ones: In Asia, all firms become more fragile after the crisis and their profitability declines and leverage increases further, whereas elsewhere there are clear signs of recovery after a crisis occurs.
Last subway: The long wait for the next train in New York City, by Philip Mark Plotch: Ithaca, Cornell University Press, 2020

Last Subway: The Long Wait for the Next Train in New York City by Philip Mark Plotch is not about the subway. It is not even about transportation. Tellingly, the subject of his book, the Second Ave...
Method development and feasibility assessment for diagnosing 12 prostate needle cores within an hour of biopsy

A current challenge is providing an accurate diagnosis in a timely manner for patients at risk of having prostate cancer. We developed and demonstrated a non-destructive procedure in which 12 biopsies can be cleared, fluorescently labeled, imaged with an open-top light-sheet (OTLS) microscope, and then diagnosed by a pathologist within an hour of biopsy. Using conventional histology as the gold standard, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 1Hr2Dx were all >90%. Such a method could potentially provide patients with a preliminary on-site diagnosis after a biopsy procedure, thereby alleviating anxiety and potentially expediting treatments.
Survey of Residency Directors' Views on Entrepreneurship.

Medical students enter the medicine field with fresh ideas that may make them great entrepreneurs. However, medical students are uncertain about how the program directors of their desired residency would view them if they pursued business opportunities. We surveyed residency directors to obtain their views on medical students’ entrepreneurship experiences. This viewpoint article aims to help American medical students who are interested in health innovations understand how their interests and entrepreneurial experiences may affect how they are viewed by residency program directors. Most program directors had favorable views of medical students with experience in entrepreneurship, and they believed that the innovative traits gained from such experiences would add to the program.
“Take Heede When Ye Wash”: Recognizing the Labor of Enslaved Laundresses on Southern Plantations

Laundry represented a significant portion of the domestic labor on nineteenth century plantations. However, despite the ubiquity of their task, enslaved African American washerwomen have been negle...
Qualitative study of musculoskeletal tissues and their radiographic correlates in diabetic neuropathic foot deformity

Abstract Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) with peripheral neuropathy (PN) results in foot deformity increasing ulceration, joint dislocation, and amputation risk. This study describes the frequency and severity of foot and ankle musculoskeletal abnormalities and their relationship to radiographic alignment in people with DMPN with (DMPN + MCD) and without (DMPN − MCD) medial column deformity (MCD) compared to age- and body mass index-matched controls without DMPN or MDC. Methods DMPN + MCD (n = 11), DMPN − MCD (n = 12), and controls (n = 12) were studied. A radiologist scored foot and ankle magnetic resonance images (MRI) for abnormalities in tendons/fascia, ligaments, muscles, joints, and bones. Higher scores represent greater abnormalities. Foot alignment was measured from lateral weightbearing radiographs. Frequency of abnormalities between groups and relationships between abnormalities and foot alignment in the combined group (n = 35) were examined. Results DMPN + MCD had higher total muscle, joint, and bone scores compared to controls and higher total joint scores than DMPN − MCD. DMPN − MCD had higher total muscle scores than controls. DMPN + MCD higher bone and joint scores were driven by increased frequency of osteophytes, cartilage damage, focal bone marrow edema, new bone formation, and subchondral cysts. Significant correlations included cuboid height and total bone and joint scores (ρ = −0.37 and ρ = −0.40, respectively) and talar declination angle and total joint score (ρ = 0.38). Conclusion High contrast resolution MRI allowed identification of structural lesions of the foot affecting the cartilage surfaces, bone marrow, and soft tissue supports in patients with DMPN + MCD. As expected, the presence of bone and joint lesions on MRI were strongly associated with DMPN + MCD; surprisingly, although the sample is small, lesions of the soft tissue supports were not associated with MCD. While MRI is not done routinely to investigate MCD, opportunistic use of the information from MRI done for the common clinical indications may allow early identification of the structural lesions associated with MCD and facilitate early, aggressive therapy. Level of evidence III.
The new coal champion of the world: The political economy of Chinese overseas development finance for coal-fired power plants

Abstract This study aims to explain why China has become a new coal champion of the world. From 2006 to 2019, our new data set shows that China has financed 14 percent of the newly installed coal fired power plants across 17 countries around the world. We deploy a ‘push and pull’ analytical model and combine both qualitative and quantitative analysis to examine the political economy of Chinese overseas finance for coal. Our analysis shows that the globalization of Chinese official development finance for coal-fired power is a function of both the pull by the demand from the 17 countries, which have turned to the Chinese policy banks for financial backing to build coal-fired power plants, and the push by the coal-fired power equipment manufacturing sector in China and the central government in Beijing, which have been confronted with a set of structural challenges following the 2007–2008 global financial crisis. Our findings carry some worrisome policy implications for the global effort to reduce CO2 emissions resulting from coal burning in the electric sector. Without changes on the demand side, and a profound re-alignment of forces within China, Chinese development finance for coal-fired power may prove relatively resilient.
The implications of gender, socioeconomic statuses, and healthy behaviors for teenagers’ subjective health

This study uses data from a large urban birth cohort in the U.S. (N = 3,011) to examine how, and to what extent, gender, socioeconomic statuses (SES), and healthy behaviors (i.e., sleep quality, he...
Key concepts in clinical epidemiology: reporting on the accuracy of continuous tests.

Abstract Many clinical diagnostic tests, such as the joint fluid white blood cell count, produce results on a continuous scale, rather than a mere positive or negative. The accuracy of such tests is often reported as a positive and negative likelihood ratio at each of several potential cutoff points (e.g., ≥25,000/μL vs. not, ≥50,000/μL vs. not; ≥100,000/μL vs. not). This Key Concepts article reviews the definition of a likelihood ratio and explains why the practice of dichotomizing the test is problematic. Instead, it proposes that such continuous scales be divided into multiple intervals (e.g., 0–25,000, >25,000–50,000, >50,000–100,000, >100,000) and each interval be given its own likelihood ratio. This practice not only aligns with clinical common sense and practice but also enables a more accurate estimate of the updated risk of disease, given a pre-test risk.
Optimal timing of venous thromboembolic chemoprophylaxis initiation following blunt solid organ injury: meta-analysis and systematic review

The need to prevent venous thromboembolism (VTE) following blunt solid organ injury must be balanced against the concern for exacerbation of hemorrhage. The optimal timing for initiation of VTE chemoprophylaxis is not known. The objective was to determine the safety and efficacy of early (≤ 48 h) VTE chemoprophylaxis initiation following blunt solid organ injury. An electronic search was performed of medical libraries for English language studies on timing of VTE chemoprophylaxis initiation following blunt solid organ injury published from inception to April 2020. Included studies compared early (≤ 48 h) versus late (> 48 h) initiation of VTE chemoprophylaxis in adults with blunt splenic, liver, and/or kidney injury. Estimates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Odds ratios were utilized to quantify differences in failure of nonoperative management, need for blood transfusion and rates of VTE. The search identified 2,111 studies. Of these, ten studies comprising 14,675 patients were included. All studies were non-randomized and only one was prospective. The overall odds of failure of nonoperative management were no different between early and late groups, OR 1.09 (95%CI 0.92–1.29). Similarly, there was no difference in the need for blood transfusion either during overall hospital stay, OR 0.91 (95%CI 0.70–1.18), or post prophylaxis initiation, OR 1.23 (95%CI 0.55–2.73). There were significantly lower odds of VTE when patients received early VTE chemoprophylaxis, OR 0.51 (95%CI 0.33–0.81). Patients undergoing nonoperative management for blunt solid organ injury can be safely and effectively prescribed early VTE chemoprophylaxis. This results in significantly lower VTE rates without demonstrable harm.
Equivariant Deep Dynamical Model for Motion Prediction.

Learning representations through deep generative modeling is a powerful approach for dynamical modeling to discover the most simplified and compressed underlying description of the data, to then use it for other tasks such as prediction. Most learning tasks have intrinsic symmetries, i.e., the input transformations leave the output unchanged, or the output undergoes a similar transformation. The learning process is, however, usually uninformed of these symmetries. Therefore, the learned representations for individually transformed inputs may not be meaningfully related. In this paper, we propose an SO(3) equivariant deep dynamical model (EqDDM) for motion prediction that learns a structured representation of the input space in the sense that the embedding varies with symmetry transformations. EqDDM is equipped with equivariant networks to parameterize the state-space emission and transition models. We demonstrate the superior predictive performance of the proposed model on various motion data.
Management of complicated biliary disease in the pediatric population.

Background Cholesterol stones and biliary dyskinesia have replaced hemolytic disease as the primary indication for pediatric cholecystectomy. This study looks at the cohort of pediatric patients with complicated biliary disease, defined as choledocholithiasis and/or gallstone pancreatitis, to determine the incidence and best treatment options. Methods A retrospective review of all cholecystectomies performed over 15 years admitted to the surgical service at a single free-standing children’s hospital was performed. Patient factors, indications for cholecystectomy, and final treatment were recorded. Complicated gallbladder disease was defined as having image-confirmed choledocholithiasis or gallstone pancreatitis. High-risk patients were those with imaging that demonstrated definitive choledocholithiasis or cholelithiasis with common bile duct enlargement. Low risk patients were those with cholelithiasis or gallbladder sludge on imaging combined with an elevated bilirubin and/or lipase. Results A total of 695 cholecystectomies were performed over the 15-year time period. Average patient age was 13.4 years. Of the 695 cholecystectomies, 457 were performed for stone disease (66%) (64 hemolytic) and 236 (34.0%) were performed for biliary dyskinesia. Hundred and three (14.8% of all cholecystectomies, 22.5% of those with stone disease) presented with choledocholithiasis and/or gallstone pancreatitis (complicated disease). In high-risk patients, 28/47 (59.6%) underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/sphincterotomy. In low-risk patients (no choledocholithiasis or common duct enlargement), 13/56 (23.2%) required endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography/sphincterotomy (P Conclusion The incidence of pediatric complicated biliary disease due to cholesterol stones is equal to that of adults. These data suggest that a patient with imaging evidence of choledocholithiasis or common bile duct enlargement may require endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, dependent on clinical course, and this should be strongly considered before cholecystectomy. Those without such radiographic findings can undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy and have postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography if needed.
Toward the GCM El Niño Simulation

The current state of El Nino simulation using air-sea coupled models is described. The first part is the excerpts from the report on Trieste Long-Range Forecast Conference in April 1991, confining only to “Simple model approach to ENSO.” The second part is the report on the progress of coupled GCMs for 5 ~ 30 years integration, focusing on the El Nino phenomenon. The intense efforts on the construction of viable coupled models is being continued. A number of groups are struggling for the reproduction of El Nino events in their coupled models, expending considerable efforts and juggling various parameters relevant to the air-sea interaction. The criterion for the validity of the model is first whether the annual cycle can be simulated in the eastern Equatorial Pacific and secondly whether the ENSO signature can be produced. Overall, an appreciable amount of systematic errors have been noticed in the SST (sea surface temperature) distribution. Fortunately the light on the other side of the tunnel may be within sight. It is suggested that the appropriate surface wind stress and cumulus convection in the equatorial zone are crucial elements for satisfying the criterion. As Neelin et al. (1992) noted, the balance between the equatorial surface wind and the upwelling cold water at the eastern Pacific is critical. If one of them is excessively large or weak, the observed variability of SST would not be produced. This paper discusses a possible cause with the spectral atmospheric GCM that is responsible for generating spurious southerly trades.
Electrochemical behavior very small electrodes in solution: Double potential step, cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry with current reversal

Abstract The electrochemical responses of very small electrodes with radii about 3–300 μm have been examined by comparing their behavior to that of small pl
Performance of Community Pharmacy Drug Interaction Software

Objective To evaluate the performance of computerized drug-drug interaction (DDI) software in identifying clinically important drug-drug interactions. Design One-time performance test of computer systems using a standard set of prescriptions. Setting Community pharmacies or central corporate locations with pharmacy terminals identical to those used in actual pharmacies. Participants Chain and health maintenance organization (HMO) pharmacies with seven or more practice sites in Washington State. A total of nine different DDI software programs were installed in 516 community pharmacies represented by these chains and HMOs. Main Outcome Measures Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of software in detecting 16 well-established DDls contained within six fictitious patient profiles. Results The software systems failed to detect clinically relevant DDls one-third of the time. Sensitivity of the software programs ranged from 0.44 to 0.88, with 1.00 being perfect; specificity ranged from 0.71 to 1.00; positive predictive value ranged from 0.67 to 1.00; and negative predictive value ranged from 0.69 to 0.90. For software packages that were installed at different locations, between-installation differences were observed. Conclusion The performance of most DDI-detecting software programs tested in this study was suboptimal. Improvement is needed to advance their contribution to detection of DDls.
The greening of the green revolution

In comparison with conventional, high-intensity agricultural methods, ‘organic’ alternatives can improve soil fertility and have fewer detrimental effects on the environment. These alternatives can also produce equivalent crop yields to conventional methods.
FLYBY- AND RENDEZVOUS-TYPE COMET MISSIONS FROM THE STANDPOINT OF LARGE-PARTICLE DUST EXPERIMENTS

The measurement by cometary flyby and rendezvous missions of the dust particles emitted from a cometary nucleus and believed to be the major source of the interplanetary dust is considered. The impact rate per unit area of particles in a given size range on a spacecraft dust sensor is calculated in terms of the distance between comet and probe and the particle emission rate and velocity. It is concluded that large-particle (greater than 100-micron) dust analysis experiments cannot be conducted on flyby missions to short-period comets since the required miss distance is orders of magnitude smaller than the targeting error, while for a rendezvous mission much greater miss distances are possible due to the longer period of cometary contact. The problem of designing dust sensors to operate at the subkilometer per second intercept velocities of a rendezvous mission is also noted.
In Search of Quality: Using Quality Matters to Analyze the Quality of Massive, Open, Online Courses (MOOCs)

The concept of the massive, open, online course (MOOC) is not new, but high-profile initiatives have moved MOOCs into the forefront of higher education news over the past few years. Members of institutions of higher education have mixed feelings about MOOCs, ranging from those who want to offer college credit for the successful completion of MOOCs to those who fear MOOCs are the end of the university as we know it. We set forth to investigate the quality of MOOCs by using the Quality Matters quality control framework. In this article, we present the results of our inquiry, with a specific focus on the implications the results have on day-to-day practice of designing online courses.
A Comparison of Methods for Determining Catechol Amines and 3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic Acid in Urine

The chemical laboratory measures used in the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma have been evaluated. Bio-assay, fluorometric, and spectrophotometric methods were used. Urinary VMA and catechol amine values found for normal and hypertensive groups compared well with those reported by other investigators. The quantitative measurement of urinary VMA by means of a proposed ethyl acetate extraction proved quite reliable.
Amerindian Amazons: women, exchange, and the origins of society

The Amerindian myths of Amazon-like women, widespread in lowland South America, refer to the primordial exchange of particular ritual objects between men and women: ciba, greenstones, flutes, axes. This primordial exchange represents the socially creative moment that led to the establishment of society and provides a general model for social relationships. The ritual exchange or circulation of these objects in other spheres involving male-male relationships turns ordinary exchanges into socially creative exchanges by ritually re-creating the exchange described in the myths. The myths shift the focus from male-male relationships to female-male relationships as the basis of society and provide a commentary on the significance of exchange and social relationships in lowland South America. Resume Largement repandus dans les plaines d'Amerique du Sud, les mythes amerindiens evoquant des femmes comparables aux Amazones font reference a l'echange primordial d'objets rituels particuliers entre hommes et femmes : ciba, pierres vertes, flutes, haches . . . Ces echanges primordiaux representent le moment socialement creatif qui a debouche sur l'etablissement de la societe, et donnent un modele general des relations sociales. L'echange ou la circulation rituels de ces objets dans d'autres spheres impliquant une relation d'homme a homme transforme ces transactions ordinaires en processus socialement creatifs en recreant rituellement l'echange decrit par les mythes. Il deplace l'accent des relations femmes-hommes aux relations hommes-hommes comme base de la societe, et apporte un eclairage sur la signification des echanges et des relations sociales dans les plaines d'Amerique du Sud.
Microstructural analysis of in-situ Cu−Nb composite wires

Abstract A systematic microstructural study of in-situ Cu -20 vol % Nb was undertaken to provide an understanding of the dramatic strengthening which occurs during deformation processing. Transverse and longitudinal sections which were reduced up to 99.999% have been characterized by SEM and TEM. The sample preparation techniques used for the microstructural examinations are described. Correlations are made between the strain-induced microstructural evolution and the mechanical strength.
Evaluation of two commercial bioaugmentation products for enhanced removal of petroleum from a wetland

This research evaluated the performance of two commercial bioaugmentation products to enhance petroleum bioremediation in a wetland. The 152-day experiment was conducted at a research facility on the San Jacinto River near Houston, TX, USA, using a controlled oil application to reduce heterogeneity normally associated with spilled petroleum. Additional treatments included inorganic nutrients and an oiled control (intrinsic). Sediment samples were analyzed for petroleum chemistry, nutrients, microbial population numbers (most-probable-number), and toxicity (Microtox® 100% Test and amphipod bioassay). The GC–MS results for “total target saturate hydrocarbons” and “total target aromatic hydrocarbons” were hopane-normalized for petroleum biodegradation interpretation. When comparing the enhanced treatments to the oiled control, there were no statistical differences in the first-order biodegradation rate coefficients. Similarly, there were no statistical differences in the microbial population numbers. The nutrient analyses indicated that there were higher ammonium concentrations for the inorganic nutrients treatment and one of the bioaugmentation product treatments. There was statistically-higher amphipod mortality for all three bioremediation treatments as well as the oiled control when compared to the unoiled control plots. However, whether this is due to the amendments or the oil is uncertain. There was no statistical correlation between oil concentrations and Microtox® toxicity (r2 < 0.01). Overall, none of the bioremediation treatments appeared to benefit the wetland recovery in these environmental conditions.
Surface distance maps

We present a new parameterized representation called surface distance maps for distance computations on piecewise 2-manifold primitives. Given a set of orientable 2-manifold primitives, the surface distance map represents the (non-zero) signed distance-to-closest-primitive mapping at each point on a 2-manifold. The distance mapping is computed from each primitive to the set of remaining primitives. We present an interactive algorithm for computing the surface distance map of triangulated meshes using graphics hardware. We precompute a surface parameterization and use the it to define an affine transformation for each mesh primitive. Our algorithm efficiently computes the distance field by applying this affine transformation to the distance functions of the primitives and evaluating these functions using texture mapping hardware. In practice, our algorithm can compute very high resolution surface distance maps at interactive rates and provides tight error bounds on their accuracy. We use surface distance maps for path planning and proximity query computation among complex models in dynamic environments. Our approach can perform planning and proximity queries in a dynamic environment with hundreds of objects at interactive rates and offer significant speedups over prior algorithms.
The Crystalline Style of the Mollusca and a Carnivorous Habit cannot Normally Co-exist

THE crystalline style of the Lamellibranchs and many Gastropods consists of a gelatinous rod formed of protein of a globulin type. It would, therefore, be readily digested by any extracellular proteoclastic enzyme in the alimentary tract. Since the development of the carnivorous habit demands (with such rare exceptions as the one noted below) the presence of an enzyme capable of breaking down the flesh of the prey into soluble polypeptides and amino acids (for example, in Cœlenterates, Decapod Crustacea, and Cephalopods), it follows that a mollusc cannot normally both possess a style and be a carnivore.
Changes in rate and pattern of caffeine metabolism after cigarette abstinence

Caffeine metabolism is known to be accelerated in cigarette smokers, but the effects of smoking on the kinetics and pattern of metabolism in a daily consumption pattern have not been described. We investigated the effects of tobacco abstinence on the rate and pattern of caffeine metabolism in nine habitual smokers who consumed six cups of coffee per day, each cup containing 2 mg/kg caffeine. Abstinence from smoking for 4 days resulted in a 46% increase in the 24-hour AUC. Thus, significant, although probably not complete, normalization of the enzyme-inducing effects of cigarette smoking can be seen after 4 days abstinence. During abstinence, 24-hour urine ratios of dimethylxanthines to caffeine and mono-dimethylxanthines to dimethylxanthines were reduced, suggesting that cigarette smoking accelerates both demethylation steps. Other metabolic pathways were unaffected.
An integrated architecture for modular control systems

Abstract This paper describes the design and implementation of the Modular Integrated Control Architecture (MICA) and its use on the HERMIES-III mobile robot system and on the CESARm 7-degee-of-freedom (DOF) robotic manipulator. MICA is designed to allow greater development flexibility in synchronous and asynchronous control systems. An event-driven system is used for asynchronous control among high-level processes that run on a distributed system. For synchronous control, a methodology has been developed for precise control over synchronized multiple processors used in the time-critical applications. Additional constraints are placed on the synchronous portion of MICA in that different control algorithms must be able to be switched in and out at the synchronous loop rate. The first application of MICA is to provide this flexibility in controlling multiple asynchronous processes on HERMIES-III and in adding new synchronous control algorithms to CESARm.
An Alternative to Current Analyses of Suicidal Behavior

Sn?nmary.-An alrernative to current analyses of suicidal behavior is discussed: suicidal acts shocld be assessed within a broader framework of coping styles and stress situations occurring over a period of time. One of the major implications for research is that suicidal acts will not be seen as unique, isolated events but instead can be understood within the larger context of related psychological knowledge. Suicide has been the focus of many investigations in recent years, and an extensive literature has accumulated concerning its incidence and nature. Studies to date have resulted in an increased awareness of the marked complexity of suicidal behavior and of the difficulty of analyzing the many factors in suicide research; these studies, however, have clearly failed to provide an adequate over-all picture of the suicide phenomenon. One noticeable gap in our understanding concerns adaptive processes leading up to the suicidal act, particularly from the perspective of the individual who is attempting to cope with the psychological stress and pressures which precede a suicidal attempt. Thus, there have been no systematic empirical efforts to analyze the ways in which persons who attempt suicide typically cope with stress situations in their lives. Most of the investigations to date have concentrated either on demographic analyses (Bruhn, 1962; Dublin, 1963; MacMahon, Johnson, & Pugh, 1963; Tuckman & Youngman, 1963; Farberow, Shneidman, & Neuringer, 1966), sociological aspects (Stengel, 1964; Tuckman, Youngman, & Kriezman, 1964; Quimey, 1965; Maris, 1967; Kahne, 1968; Blachly, 1969; Lester, 1970), psychometric evaluations of the inuapersonal dynamics of the suicidal person (Simon & Gilberstadt, 1958; Applebaum & Holzman, 1962; Sapolsky, 1963; Neuringer, McEvoy, & Schlesinger, 1965; Devries, 1966; Farberow & McEvoy, 1966), or the effects and consequences of the suicidal act itself (Litman, Curphey, Shneidman, Farberow, & Tabachnick, 1963; Kacon, 1964; Cain, Fast, & Erickson, 1964; Litman, 1965; Margolis, Meyer, & Louw, 1965; Tuckman & Ziegler, 1966). Some theoretical discussions, however, have emphasized how suicidal tendencies of individuals can be understood by analysis of their lifelong patterns of living (Shneidrnan, 1966; Murray, 1967; Alvarez, 1972). How an individual deals with stress is of particular interest. The emphasis is on dynamic personalicy trait patterns such as attitudes, beliefs, and needs, however, rather than on situational determinants. In the proposed approach of investigation, the nature of the specific stress situation is as important as the coping patterns developed by an individual.
Testing and Assessment Issues With Spanish‐English Bilingual Latinos

This article critically examines and integrates previous research in cross-cultural and cross-linguistic assessment. Issues that apply to the assessment of Latinos who speak both Spanish and English are examined. For ease of presentation, testing concerns with this population are divided into 3 broad areas: client issues, test issues, and clinician/assessor issues. Recommendations are made to assist in the provision of cross-culturally and cross-linguistically valid testing of Spanish-English bilingual Latinos.
Graph theoretic segmentation of airborne lidar data

Airborne LiDAR data are useful for 3D terrain visualization. Segmentation of the data set is especially important for extracting vector data in scenes containing man-made structures. In a graph theoretic formulation, each pixel is a node in a connected graph. The likelihood of an edge existing between two pixels is encoded as the weight between the nodes. Segmentation becomes a graph partitioning that minimizes the weights of the cut links. We combine texture analysis, morphological operators, and the normalized-cut graph-theoretic algorithm to segment lidar data sets. Experimental results using collected data demonstrate the efficacy of our method.
PrivateFS: a parallel oblivious file system

PrivateFS is an oblivious file system that enables access to remote storage, while keeping both the file contents and client access patterns secret. PrivateFS is based on a new parallel Oblivious RAM mechanism (PD-ORAM)---instead of waiting for the completion of all ongoing client-server transactions, client threads can now engage a server in parallel without loss of privacy.This critical piece is missing from existing Oblivious RAMs (ORAM), which can not allow multiple clients threads to operate simultaneously without revealing intra- and inter-query correlations and thus incurring privacy leaks. And since ORAMs often require many communication rounds, this significantly and unnecessarily constrains throughput.The mechanisms introduced here eliminate this constraint, allowing overall throughput to be bound by server bandwidth only, and thus to increase by an order of magnitude. Further, new de-amortization techniques bring the worst case query cost in line with the average cost. Both of these results are shown to be fundamental to any ORAM. Extensions providing fork consistency against an actively malicious adversary are then presented.A high performance, fully functional PD-ORAM implementation was designed, built and analyzed. It performs multiple queries per second on a 1TB+ database across 50ms latency links, with unamortized, bound query latencies. Based on PD-ORAM, PrivateFS was built and deployed on Linux as a userspace file system.
Two faces are better than one: Face recognition in group photographs

Face recognition systems classically recognize people individually. When presented with a group photograph containing multiple people, such systems implicitly assume statistical independence between each detected face. We question this basic assumption and consider instead that there is a dependence between face regions from the same image; after all, the image was acquired with a single camera, under consistent lighting (distribution, direction, spectrum), camera motion, and scene/camera geometry. Such naturally occurring commonalities between face images can be exploited when recognition decisions are made jointly across the faces, rather than independently. Furthermore, when recognizing people in isolation, some features such as color are usually uninformative in unconstrained settings. But by considering pairs of people, the relative color difference provides valuable information. This paper reconsiders the independence assumption, introduces new features and methods for recognizing pairs of individuals in group photographs, and demonstrates a marked improvement when these features are used in joint decision making vs. independent decision making. While these features alone are only moderately discriminative, we combine these new features with state-of-art attribute features and demonstrate effective recognition performance. Initial experiments on two datasets show promising improvements in accuracy.
Cooperative triple-helix formation via a minor groove dimerization domain

Cooperative interactions between DNA-binding proteins are critical to the regulation of gene expression. When cooperative interactions occur between two oligonucleotides bound at neighboring sites on double-helical DNA, the specific binding of each oligonucleotide is enhanced. Pyrimidine oligodeoxyribonucleotides 11 bases in length bind cooperatively to abutting sites on double-helical DNA by triple-helix formation. Cooperative interactions up to 2.3 kcal mol^(-1) were obtained by addition of dimerization domains to oligonucleotides such as those capable of forming a short Watson−Crick helix. The designed polyamide ImPyPy binds sequence specifically to the minor groove of DNA at 5‘-(T,A)G(T,A)C(T,A)-3‘ sites as a cooperative side-by-side antiparallel homodimer. We report here that a pyrrole−imidazole polyamide oligonucleotide can bind cooperatively to a double-stranded DNA template via a sequence specific polyamide dimerization domain.
Multi-gateway association in wireless mesh networks

Most traditional models of wireless mesh networks involve a mobile device connecting to the backbone through one of the available gateways in a wireless mesh network. In this paper, we present an alternate model, in which mobile devices are allowed to connect through more than one of the available gateways. We call the model multi-gateway association (MGA). We present arguments for why such a model can result in better capacity, fairness, diversity and security when compared to the default single-association model. We also identify the primary challenges that need to be addressed when using multiple-gateway associations, and propose solutions to handle these challenges. Using simulations, we show that throughput benefits ranging from 10% to 125% can be obtained by the proposed model as compared to a default single association model with just two gateways and more importantly, benefits linear in the number of gateways are obtainable. Through simulations and analysis, we establish why only intelligent multi-gateway association and neither single or simple multi-gateway association strategies can yield significant benefits.
Central nervous system-mediated stimulation of prolactin secretion by cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist: impaired responsiveness in patients with prolactin-secreting tumors and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia.

Studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism by which cimetidine, a histamine H2-receptor antagonist, stimulates PRL release and to determine whether altered responsiveness exists in patients with PRL-secreting tumors and idiopathic hyperprolactinemia. The iv injection of cimetidine (300 mg) resulted in an acute rise of plasma PRL in all normal subjects, with peak values occurring at 7.5 or 15 min, followed by a return toward baseline. Responses were greater in females than in males and tended to be increased during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. A similar stimulatory effect on PRL secretion was demonstrated in unanesthetized, unrestrained rats. Cimetidine did not, however, stimulate PRL release or impair the PRL-suppressive effects of dopamine in primary monolayer cultures of dispersed rat adenohypophyseal cells. Diphenhydramine, a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, did not suppress the PRL response to cimetidine. Enhancement of dopaminergic tone peripherally (with L-dopa) but not centrally...
Challenges to protocol optimization due to unexpected variation of CT contrast dose amount and flow.

High-quality computed tomography (CT) exams are critical to maximizing radiologist’s interpretive ability. Exam quality in part depends on proper contrast administration. We examined injector data from consecutive abdominal and pelvic CT exams to analyze variation in contrast administration. Discrepancies between intended IV contrast dose and flow rate with the actual administered contrast dose and measured flow rate were common. In particular, delivered contrast dose discrepancies of at least 10% occurred in 13% of exams while discrepancies in flow rate of at least 10% occurred in 42% of exams. Injector logs are useful for assessing and tracking this type of variability which may confound contrast administration optimization and standardization efforts.
DNA sequence of the metC gene and its flanking regions from Salmonella typhimurium LT2 and homology with the corresponding sequence of Escherichia coli.

The DNA sequence of the Salmonella typhimurium metC gene and its flanking regions was determined. The metC gene contains an open reading frame of 1185 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 395 amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 42874 daltons. S1 nuclease mapping experiments located the transcription start site of the metC gene. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence for the metC genes of S. typhimurium and Escherichia coli were compared. Although there are 279 nucleotide replacements, most do not change the amino acid sequence. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the flanking regions of the S. typhimurium metC gene shows that there is an open reading frame upstream and an open reading frame downstream of the gene. The existence of the divergently transcribed upstream open reading frame (designated ORF1) was confirmed by the construction of an ORF1-lacZ fusion. The transcription start site of ORF1 was determined by S1 nuclease mapping.
On the type-B integral equation and the distribution of wilks statist for testing independence of several groups of variables

In this paper, WILKS'type-B integral equation is solved in the general form of a series of beta functions and a series of weighted gamma functions as proposed by WALD and BROOKNER 1941. The coefficients in both representations can be obtained by explicit recurrence relartions, therefore the results solve many distributional problems and have the fewest computational difficulties of any representation that has surfaced to date. The radius of convergence of the second series representation is given, whereas the convergence property of the first series representation is given, whereas the convergence property of the first series representation was studied by WALD and Brookner. The exact null distributions of WILKS' statistic A for testing the independence of several groups of variables and of V = -log A are given. The coefficients in all the series representration can be computed recursilvely and hence can be obtained easily with the help of modern computatinal facilities
Daily and sub-daily otolith increments of larval and juvenile walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas), as validated by alizarin complexone experiments

Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were reared from eggs to the juvenile life stage to study daily increment formation in the sagittae otoliths, which are routinely used for age and growth analyses. The apparent deposition of sub-daily growth increments becomes problematic for determining fish age from the late larval stage throughout the juvenile (young-of-the-year) development stage. Otolith marking experiments were conducted to determine interpretation criteria to differentiate between daily and sub-daily increments. Immersion of larval and transforming walleye pollock in 25 mg/l of alizarin complexone (ALC) for 6 h once a week produced a fluorescent mark on the day of staining. Evidence of six well defined and equally spaced increments counted between the weekly ALC marks validated the deposition of daily increments. The daily increments gradually increased in width as the fish/otolith grew. The criteria for determining the presence of sub-daily increments between the daily increments were (1) weak optical definition and (2) a sudden change in incremental distance that lasted for one or two increments and were approximately <0.5 μm in width. Growth problems that occurred during the experiments were identified on otoliths as reductions in daily incremental widths and optical definition, which continued for several days. Otoliths from field-collected fish have also shown similar changes in daily increment properties during the juvenile stage, which may be an indicator of an environmental influence. The criteria for defining different increment types help to resolve our current age determination issues for late larval and early juvenile stage walleye pollock from the Gulf of Alaska.
New fixed point free nonexpansive maps on weakly compact, convex subsets of L1[0,1]

We show that every subset of L 1 (0,1) that contains the nontrivial inter- section of an order interval and finitely many hyperplanes fails to have the fixed point property for nonexpansive mappings.
Ethical issues in geriatrics: A guide for clinicians

Because of demographic trends, it is reasonable to expect that clinicians will care for an increasing number of elderly persons with challenging medical and psychosocial problems. These problems and issues, in turn, may lead to daunting ethical dilemmas. Therefore, clinicians should be familiar with ethical dilemmas commonly encountered when caring for elderly patients. We review some of these dilemmas, including ensuring informed consent and confidentiality, determining decision-making capacity, promoting advance care planning and the use of advance directives, surrogate decision making, withdrawing and withholding interventions, using cardiopulmonary resuscitation and do-not-resuscitate orders, responding to requests for interventions, allocating health care resources, and recommending nursing home care. Ethical dilemmas may arise because of poor patient-clinician communication; therefore, we provide practical tips for effective communication. Nevertheless, even in the best circumstances, ethical dilemmas occur. We describe a case-based approach to ethical dilemmas used by the Mayo Clinic Ethics Consultation Service, which begins with a review of the medical indications, patient preferences, quality of life, and contextual features of a given case. This approach enables clinicians to identify and analyze the relevant facts of a case, define the ethical problem, and suggest a solution.
The neuropsychology of development: Hemispheric laterality, limbic language, and the origin of thought

Discussed evidence and assumptions that concern hemispheric laterality and asymmetrical functional representation. It is hypothesized that the asymmetrical linguistic-motor vs. sensory-spatial-affective representation of function may be a result of differential rates of cortical, subcortical and spinal motor-sensory maturation. Evidence with regard to embryological and early postnatal neurological development is reviewed. It is argued that motor areas mature before sensory and that the left hemisphere develops prior to the right, such that the left hemisphere gains a competitive advantage in the acquisition of motor representation, whereas the later maturing right has an advantage in the establishment of sensory-affective synaptic representation, including that of limbic mediation. The influences of these differing maturational events on cognitive and psychic functioning are examined, particularly with regard to limbic influences on the development of language, thought, and mental imagery, and the effects of early emotional experience on later behavior. Thinking is viewed in part as a left hemisphere internalization of egocentric language, the internalization of which corresponds to the increasing maturation of intra-cortical and subcortical structures and fiber pathways, and the myelination of the callosal connections that subserve information transfer between the hemispheres. It is argued that thought is a means of organizing, interpreting, and explaining impulses that arise in the non-linguistic portions of the nervous system so that the language dependent regions may achieve understanding. In addition, the neurodynamics and mechanisms involved in the mislabeling, misinterpretation, and inhibition of impulses, desires, and emotional expression are discussed in relation to disturbances in psychic functioning.