cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Analysis of the Unionization of Foreign Manufacturing Firms in the U.S.

The ability of American labor unions to organize workers in majority and wholly foreign-owned manufacturing plants in the U.S. is examined by analyzing union representation election results. The principal conclusions are that the nationality of a firm is not a significant factor influencing election outcomes and that foreign firms are as difficult to unionize as domestic American firms. Several reasons are offered to explain these findings.
Intermittent Use of Testosterone Inactivating Pharmaceuticals Using Finasteride Prolongs the Time Off Period

Purpose: Men with prostate cancer treated intermittently with TIP benefit from improved quality of life when TOP with recovered testosterone is prolonged. We examined factors influencing the duration of TOP.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 101 men treated with intermittent TIP in a 9-year period. Men with positive bone scan, men in whom a PSA nadir of less than 0.1 ng/ml on TIP failed to be achieved and maintained and men in whom testosterone failed to recover to greater than 150 ng/dl during the first 12 months of TOP were excluded. Potential factors predicting prolonged TOP or accelerated time to AIPC were studied with Cox regression analysis.Results: Patient characteristics were clinical stage T1c-T2a in 51 and T2b-T3b in 11, PSA relapse in 29, and T3c, D0 or D1 in 10. Median PSA was 7.6 ng/ml, Gleason score was 3 + 4 = 7 and TIP duration was 15.8 months. The 60 group 1 patients received finasteride and the 41 in group 2 received no finasteride. Median TOP in groups 1 an...
Lab Accreditation and Credentials in Sonography A Demographic Assessment of Facilities Receiving Federal Reimbursements

There is an increasing demand for sonographer credentials and facility accreditation associated with federal reimbursement of sonography examinations. Therefore, a national survey was conducted to ...
Abstract A52: An interspecies genomics based high‐throughput screen for novel treatments of ependymoma

Brain tumors are often chemoresistant and these diseases are heterogeneous complicating efforts to discover effective new therapies. We describe a powerful interspecies genomics approach that meticulously matches subgroup specific driver mutations with cellular compartments to model cancer subgroups for drug screening. First, we performed a comprehensive genomics analysis to identify disease subgroups among >200 ependymomas. Subgroup specific alterations included amplifications and homozygous deletions of genes not yet implicated in ependymoma. We then identified CNS cell compartments most likely to give rise to ependymoma subgroups by matching the transcriptomes of human tumors to those of distinct types of mouse neural stem cell (NSC). Remarkably, activation of oncogenes in appropriate NSCs generated ependymomas that modelled the histology and transcriptome of the human disease. Stem‐like tumor cells isolated from these mouse ependymomas were then cultured under conditions that promote stem cell growth as neurospheres. These conditions were adapted for use in an automated high‐throughput screening system. Control transduced NSCs were also included to identify ependymoma‐selective agents. Tumor and control spheres were seeded in 384 well plates and drug treated using pin tool transfer 24 hours after plating. Cells were exposed to drug for 96 hours before compound cytotoxicity measured using the cell‐titre glo luciferase based assay. We first performed replicate primary screens of a large ‘bioactive library’ including natural products, bioactive alkaloids and marketed drugs (5760 compounds [3460 unique in structure]) in a single concentration format (10uM). Active compound hit rate varied from 0.9% to 4.8% in spheres derived from mouse tumors and 3.1% in control NSCs. The primary screen was highly reproducible (263 and 261 hits in replicate assays, of which 226 of were common in an example tumor line). ROC analysis of primary screen data was used to assess predictive power of the screen. For all cells the ROC AUC was >0.89 (0.85–0.92 95% CI). We next performed secondary screens of all primary screen hits. These included full 10‐point dose response assays that identified a total of 292 active agents with activity in at least one cell population. Following analysis of the ‘bioactive library, we screened a collection of 320 FDA approved active pharmaceutical ingredients representing all drug classes and all approved chemotherapy agents in a 10‐point dose response format. The hit rate of this drug collection in all cell types was between 10.36% to 15.4% and hit compounds represented a variety of drug classes including chemotherapeutics, NSAIDs, antibiotics and dopamine‐like agents. These compounds and the related families and structures will be described in detail as well as the results of ongoing in vivo activity against the originating ependymoma mouse models. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):A52.
Generic Transient Memory Formation in Disordered Systems with Noise

Out-of-equilibrium disordered systems may form memories of external driving in a remarkable fashion. The system "remembers" multiple values from a series of training inputs yet "forgets" nearly all of them at long times despite the inputs being continually repeated. Here, learning and forgetting are inseparable aspects of a single process. The memory loss may be prevented by the addition of noise. We identify a class of systems with this behavior, giving as an example a model of non-Brownian suspensions under cyclic shear.
International boundaries and tourism strategies.

Niagara Falls, an acclaimed natural wonder straddling two countries, provides a convenient means of juxtaposing different tourism strategies. Canada focuses on providing ‘activities’ and adult ente...
Variability and Trends in Surface Meteorology and Air–Sea Fluxes at a Site off Northern Chile

AbstractTime series of surface meteorology and air–sea exchanges of heat, freshwater, and momentum collected from a long-term surface mooring located 1600 km west of the coast of northern Chile are analyzed. The observations, spanning 2000–10, have been withheld from assimilation into numerical weather prediction models. As such, they provide a unique in situ record of atmosphere–ocean coupling in a trade wind region characterized by persistent stratocumulus clouds. The annual cycle is described, as is the interannual variability. Annual variability in the air–sea heat flux is dominated by the annual cycle in net shortwave radiation. In austral summer, the ocean is heated; the 9-yr mean annual heating of the ocean is 38 W m−2. Ocean cooling is seen in 2006–08, coincident with La Nina events. Over the full record, significant trends were found. Increases in wind speed, wind stress, and latent heat flux over 9 yr were 0.8 m s−1, 0.022 N m−2, and 20 W m−2 or 13%, 29%, and 20% of the respective 9-yr means. Th...
A novel autoantibody to a 155-kd protein is associated with dermatomyositis.

Objective In polymyositis and dermatomyositis (DM), identified autoantibodies occur in Methods Sera from children and adults satisfying criteria for idiopathic inflammatory myopathies and from patients with other connective tissue diseases (CTDs), patients with noninflammatory myopathies, and healthy individuals were tested for autoantibodies by immunoprecipitation (IP). A previously unrecognized autoantibody that immunoprecipitated a 155-kd protein along with a weaker 140-kd protein was seen. When the presence of this anti-p155 autoantibody in test sera was suggested based on IP results, it was confirmed by immunoblotting of immunoprecipitates. Results Sera from 51 of 244 myositis patients (21%), including 30 with juvenile DM (29%), 5 with juvenile CTD-associated myositis (33%), 8 with adult DM (21%), 6 with cancer-associated DM (75%), and 2 with adult CTD-associated myositis (15%), were found to have anti-p155 autoantibody. One of 49 patients with lupus, and none of 89 others without myositis, had anti-p155. Caucasian patients with anti-p155 had a unique HLA risk factor, DQA1*0301 (odds ratio 5.4, corrected P = 0.004). In adults with anti-p155, of several clinical features assessed only the frequency of V-sign rash was increased, but patients with this antibody were clinically distinct from those with autoantibodies to aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases. Conclusion A newly recognized autoantibody, anti-p155, is associated with DM and cancer-associated DM, and is one of the most common autoantibodies in this condition, occurring as frequently in children as in adults. The clinical features and immunogenetics associated with anti-p155 differ from those associated with antisynthetases.
Polarographic half-wave potentials of metal ions in various supporting electrolytes. I

Abstract Data on the polarographic half-wave potentials, wave characteristics, probable reduction products and other polarographically important information are tabulated for 28 metal ions in 9 supporting electrolytes containing hydrazine, pyridine, sodium hydroxide, potassium thiocyanate, and pyrophosphate.
Interatrial septal mobility predicts larger shunts across patent foramen ovales: an analysis with transmitral Doppler scanning.

Background The association of patent foramen ovale (PFO) with cryptogenic stroke is strongest in patients with larger shunts and patients with atrial septal aneurysms (ASAs). We postulated that the potency of ASA as a risk factor for stroke relates to the size of shunt across PFOs associated with mobile atrial septae. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between atrial septal mobility and the degree of right-to-left shunting with a transthoracic transmitral Doppler scanning (TMD) contrast technique. Methods In 165 consecutive patients, transthoracic TMD recordings were made during a saline contrast study with the patient at rest and after a maneuver to increase right atrial pressure. Bubble transit corresponded to high intensity signals in the velocity envelope of the mitral inflow profile and was quantified by a bubble score. Results A PFO was diagnosed in 59 patients (36%). In 50 patients with PFO and adequate echocardiography images, the incidence of ASA was 52%. In this group, both total septal mobility and leftward deviation predicted the TMD bubble score at rest (Spearman rho 0.64, 0.64, respectively, P < .001) and after the maneuver (Spearman rho 0.74, 0.73, P < .001). In 28 patients with cerebral ischemic events, the maneuver bubble score was predictive for cryptogenic stroke (P = .02, odds ratio 7.58). There was a trend toward significance between total septal motion and cryptogenic stroke (P = .06). Conclusion Atrial septal mobility predicts the degree of right-to-left shunts across PFOs. The role of excessive septal mobility in the etiology of stroke may therefore be caused by the greater opportunity for paradoxical embolism because of the size of the associated trans-PFO shunt. (Am Heart J 2003;145:730-6.)
A potential role for cellulase in hormone-controlled elongation

Summary Measurements were made of the effects of indoleacetic acid (IAA), gibberellic acid (GA) and cycloheximide (CH) on growth, protein content and cellulase activities of segments derived from the apex of decapitated, etiolated epicotyls of Pisum sativum L. var. Alaska. Increasing amounts of CH caused increasing inhibition of both endogenous and hormonestimulated elongation, whereas certain critical levels of CH converted the expansion elicited by high levels of IAA into elongation. This CH-evoked conversion from expansion into elongation was accompanied by a partial decrease in protein accumulation and cellulase activity. Cellulase activity per segment increased in proportion to total growth (fresh weight) in tissues elongating in response to high levels of GA or low levels of IAA. In contrast, cellulase activity per segment rose markedly in tissues expanding in response to high levels of IAA. It is concluded that the amount of IAA present in the tissue governs the level of certain growth-limiting-proteins (GLP). These GLP, in turn, control the amount and direction of growth (i.e., elongation or expansion). It is suggested that cellulase should be considered as a candidate for the role of a GLP whose activity is modulated by IAA.
Cultural Mismatch in Honduran Garífuna Communities: The Role of Culture, Race, and Language in Schools

The Garifuna are an Indigenous, Afro-Latino group in Honduras whose distinct cultural, ethnic, and linguistic background has been unacknowledged and frequently misunderstood on a societal level and, consequently, in the schools that serve them. This study argues for the utility of a cultural mismatch approach, one applied primarily to U.S. settings, but which can be extended fruitfully to the Latin American context generally, and for Garifuna populations specifically. Through a comparative case study of 2 Garifuna communities, this study examines student, teacher, and administrator attitudes and perceptions toward culture, race, and language. Then a corresponding analysis of practices within 2 divergent schools is offered: One setting illustrates how a cultural mismatch between students and educators plays a significant role in the formation of an irrelevant education; the second setting demonstrates how mutual respect, caring, and culturally embedded teaching practices result in a relevant pedagogy for G...
A semipurified diet that suppresses phenobarbital promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat

Abstract Six groups of F344/N female rats were fed either a modified AIN‐76 diet (20% casein, 5 % corn oil, 65% cornstarch, 5% cellulose) (AIN) or a diet formulated by Dr. M. Pariza (PD) (30% casein, 10% partially hydrogenated corn oil, 40% sucrose, 15% cornstarch) beginning four days before 70% partial hepatectomy. One day after the surgery, one group fed each diet was intubated with 10 mg/kg diethylnitrosamine (DEN). One week later, these groups plus one control group fed each diet were given 0.05% phenobarbital in the diet for 6 or 14 months. After the rats were killed, blocks of liver tissue were frozen on dry ice and stored at — 70°C. Three frozen serial sections were stained for γ‐glutamyltransferase, ATPase, and glucose‐6‐phosphatase. Numbers and volume of altered hepatic foci (AHF) were analyzed by stereological techniques. After 14 months of feeding these regimens, rats initiated with DEN and fed the AIN + PB had significantly greater numbers and a higher percent volume of the liver of most pheno...
Dynamic response and collapse of slender guyed booms for space application

A procedure is developed for the analysis of the nonlinear transient response of an initially imperfect slender guyed boom having a concentrated mass at the tip. The analysis is compared with laboratory experiments, and the validated procedure is employed to study the transient response of a boom to suddenly applied step loads and prescribed initial velocities. Both cases approximate the transient conditions associated with commencing and terminating a slewing maneuver in space. Two nonlinear effects are examined, namely cable slackening and beam column behavior. It is shown that dynamic buckling of the boom may occur with excitations which result in slackening of a cable. It is also shown that transverse boom tip deflections are sensitive only to initial eccentricities when certain threshold values are exceeded. Design guidelines are established for combinations of pulse level and duration which meet performance requirements for allowable deflections.
BCG-refractory vs. BCG-relapsing non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A prospective cohort outcomes study

Abstract Purpose Patients with recurrent or persistent high-grade non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer after bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) therapy are termed “BCG failures.” We hypothesize that BCG-refractory patients who fail to respond to BCG have worse outcomes after bladder-sparing treatments compared with BCG-relapsing patients whose tumors recur after at least a 6-month disease-free interval. Materials and methods We screened 32 patients who had failed BCG therapy for eligibility in a multicenter investigational trial. BCG-refractory patients received instillations of a mycobacterial cell wall–DNA complex extract. BCG-relapsing patients were treated with additional BCG or other intravesical agents. Both groups of patients were followed prospectively with transurethral biopsy after 6 months, and cystoscopy every 3 to 6 months for more than 2 years. Median follow-up time for all patients was 53 months (range: 24–72 mo). Results Seventeen patients were classified as BCG refractory and 15 patients defined BCG relapsing. Recurrence-free median survival time was 10 months for BCG-refractory patients receiving mycobacterial cell wall–DNA complex vs. 23 months for BCG-relapsing patients who received another induction course of BCG therapy (P = 0.002). Progression-free survival time was 18 months for BCG-refractory vs. 52 months for BCG-relapsing patients (P = 0.001). Of the 17 BCG-refractory patients, 8 (47%) have died vs. 3 (20%) of the 15 BCG-relapsing patients. Conclusions BCG-refractory and BCG-relapsing categories differentiate BCG-failed patients into high-and lower-risk prognostic groups that may be useful in guiding treatment strategies.
Effect of protein concentration on kinetic constants (Kd and Bmax) of 3H-Imipramine binding in blood platelets

3H-imipramine binding was studied in the blood platelets of 80 normal controls and 50 depressed (psychotic and nonpsychotic) patients. Protein concentration in the incubation mixture, and Kd and Bmax values were correlated in normal controls and depressed patients. A small but significant correlation between protein in the incubation mixture and Bmax was observed in normal controls and depressed patients. There was also a significant correlation between protein and Kd of imipramine binding in the blood platelets of unipolar psychotic depressed patients. However, analysis of covariance to remove the effect of protein on Kd and Bmax did not change the basic finding of decreased Bmax in the blood platelets of psychotic depressed patients.
What is the Risk of Future Extraction of Asymptomatic Third Molars? A Systematic Review

Purpose The purpose of our report was to determine clinically whether young adults who elect to retain their asymptomatic third molars (M3s) have a risk of undergoing 1 or more M3 extractions in the future. Materials and Methods To address our clinical question, we designed and implemented a systematic review. The studies included in the present review were prospective, had a sample size of 50 subjects or more with at least 1 asymptomatic M3, and had at least 12 months of follow-up data available. The primary study variables were the follow-up duration (in years) and the number of M3s extracted by the end of the follow-up period or the number of subjects who required at least one M3 extraction. The annual and cumulative incidence rates of M3 removal were estimated. Results Seven studies met the inclusion criteria. The samples sizes ranged from 70 to 821 subjects, and the follow-up period ranged from 1 to 18 years. The mean incidence rate for M3 extraction of previously asymptomatic M3s was 3.0% annually (range 1 to 9%). The cumulative incidence rate for M3 removal ranged from 5% at 1 year to 64% at 18 years. The reasons for extraction were caries, periodontal disease, and other inflammatory conditions. Conclusions The cumulative risk of M3 extraction for young adults with asymptomatic M3s is sufficiently high to warrant its consideration when reviewing the risks and benefits of M3 retention as a management strategy.
Accuracy of formulae for calculating left ventricular volumes of the equine heart

Echocardiography may be an accurate method of measuring left ventricular (LV) volumes and mass of the horse's heart. If so, studies of the heart size and hypertrophy would be possible. This study evaluated geometric models of the external and internal LV shapes, to determine which could be applied to echocardiographic measurements. We preserved 30 horses' hearts and measured their dimensions and cross sectional areas. These measurements were entered into seven formulae representing different geometric models of the ventricle and its chamber. We derived a correction factor to estimate the long axis as a fixed proportion of the external diameter, so that volumes could be determined from an M-mode or a cross sectional echocardiogram. Statistical analysis of the regressions of known volumes against calculated volumes measured by water displacement, demonstrated that the ellipsoid formula using cross sectional areas was very accurate in representing the external shape of the left ventricle (slope = 1.01 r2 = 96.3) and its chamber (slope = 0.83, r2 = 94.3). Myocardial volume, measured by subtracting internal (chamber) volume from external volume, was also calculated accurately (slope = 1.01, r2 = 96.5). The ellipsoid formula using directly measured diameter was only slightly less accurate. LV mass could be calculated by applying the specific gravity of equine myocardium, 1.05, to the myocardial volume. Formulae recommended for evaluating are, with M-mode echocardiography: [equation: see text] and with 2D echocardiography [equation: see text] where De is the external diameter, Di is the internal diameter, Ae the external area and Ai the internal area.
The study on new energy saving controller for oil-pumping units in oilfield

The energy-saving effect of Y/Δ change-over controller is better than the silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) voltage regulating style when the load rate of oil-pumping unit is low; but the silicon controlled rectifier(SCR) voltage regulating style is better than the energy-saving effect of Y/Δ change-over controller when the load rate of oil-pumping unit is high. Based on high-precision three-phase electrical energy measurement IC-ATT7022A, a new energy saving controller of combining the advantages of both controllers is designed. On the analysis of based on the principle of voltage regulating and energy saving of electric motor of pumping units. This paper analyzes the system's hardware and software design. Through the installation of Y/Δ-SCR controller and comparison tests at the scene in five oil wells, every well saves 21000 kW.h annual.
Neuropsychiatric Disorders and Voiding Problems in Children

In the literature, it is well documented that children who have daytime incontinence issues have a higher chance of having some form of behavioral or learning problem. It has been speculated that these issues may be related to their incontinence. On the other hand correction of the central nervous system problem may make these wetting problems disappear. We explore the most recent literature in functional imaging of the brain and the relationship between inherited neuropsychiatric problems and daytime wetting. The findings appear to dispel the aforementioned conclusions and tend to support an inherited or at least an altered developmental pathway for the development of daytime wetting issues.
On non-Hookean behaviour of carbon fibres in bending

The deformation characteristics of a range of single, large diameter pitch-based carbon fibres, and some PAN- and rayon-based fibres, were studied in elastica loop bending experiments. In pitch-based fibres, non-Hookean behaviour was found to occur at lower strains the greater the fibre anisotropy. Only elastic deformation to failure, at strains of 3%, was found for low-modulus, nearly isotropic pitch- and rayon-based fibres. The non-linear elastic behaviour in pitch-based fibres resulted in pronounced hysteresis and discontinuities in the stress-strain plots on both unloading and reloading the loops. These effects are due to the initiation, propagation and possible healing of transverse microcracks on the compression side of the fibres.
Discipline and authority

Abstract Though the preceding 100 years have been marked by unprecedented bloodshed, it is indisputably clear, as the century draws to a close, that domination will increasingly be exercised through the categories enshrined by modern knowledge systems. Notwithstanding the advent of subaltern studies, feminism, and cultural studies, the Indian academy shows every sign of remaining colonized. The contestation and defiance of formal academic disciplines, which are the principal vehicles through which the hegemony of the Western intellectual apparatus is exercised, is imperative if India is to have a future where its own spirit, culture, and intellectual traditions are not to be compromised. As a prolegomenon to what future histories and epistemologies of India might look like, it is suggested that Indian intellectuals think ‘more of the rest’, and ‘less of the west’, just as they must find a less oppressive West with which they can cohabit.
Magnetic susceptibility of one-dimensional metallic chains in solution

Abstract We report the results of electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements of the magnetic susceptibility (χ) of polyaniline in solution in concentrated sulfuric acid and at low temperatures in the matrix of the frozen glass. The results indicate that in solution, the magnetic susceptibility is decreased with respect to χ in the solid state by more than two orders of magnitude. Since dissolution weakens the interchain coupling while leaving the macromolecular chains intact, polyaniline chains in sulfuric acid can be considered as one-dimensional (1d) metals. Accordingly, we have interpreted the decrease in χ as arising from the Peierls' instability; the 1d metallic chains distort to form a superlattice with an associated energy gap in the excitation spectrum.
Immediate reconstruction of extruded alloplastic nasal implants with irradiated homograft costal cartilage

Objective: To describe a novel surgical protocol for the management of patients presenting with extruded nasal implants. Study Design: Retrospective chart review. Methods: Analysis of consecutive patients presenting with extruded nasal implants from 1986 to 2000. Patients were selected from a large database of revision rhinoplasty cases. Inclusion criteria were: 1) at least one previous rhinoplasty procedure, 2) an extruded nasal implant that was documented preoperatively, 3) immediate reconstruction that was carried out with irradiated homograft costal cartilage (IHCC), and 4) at least 1 year of follow-up recorded, including standard postoperative rhinoplasty photographs. A total of 18 patients met the inclusion criteria and form the basis of this study. Data gathered from the charts included date of surgery, last date of follow-up, location of implant extrusion, alloplastic material, specific use of IHCC for reconstruction, percent of clinical IHCC resorption at last follow-up, and presence of warping of the IHCC. Results: All 18 patients were satisfied with the cosmetic outcomes of their nasal reconstructions. The most common extruded alloplast was Silastic, followed by Gore-Tex (W.L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Flagstaff, AZ). There were no cases of extrusion or infection of the IHCC implant subsequent to immediate reconstruction of the extruded alloplast. Clinical resorption of the IHCC was minimal, with a mean follow-up of 26 months. Only one patient had a complication, warpage, resulting in removal of the IHCC. In that patient, the IHCC still had carving markings on the implant after 2 years in vivo. Conclusions: In this series of patients, a novel surgical protocol was used. The extruded implant was removed and immediate reconstruction with irradiated rib cartilage was done. All patients were evaluated for postoperative infection, graft extrusion, and satisfaction with cosmetic result. There was one major complication in this series of 18 patients, warping of the IHCC, which necessitated removal and replacement. This approach appears to be a reasonable method for reconstruction of extruded nasal alloplasts.
Apoptosis of W256 carcinosarcoma cells of the monocytoid origin induced by NDGA involves lipid peroxidation and depletion of GSH: Role of 12‐lipoxygenase in regulating tumor cell survival

Arachidonate lipoxygenases (LOX) and their products play an important role in mediating growth factor-supported tumor cell proliferation and growth. The LOX pathway may also be critical in regulating tumor cell survival and apoptosis. Blocking the 12-LOX gene expression with sequence-specific antisense oligos or its activity with general or isoform-specific LOX inhibitors induces a strong apoptotic response in rat W256 carcinosarcoma cells of the monocytoid origin (Tang et al., 1996, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 93:5241–5246). In the present study, several molecular approaches confirmed the predominant expression of platelet-type 12-LOX in W256 cells, with no or little expression of 5- and 15-LOX. NDGA, a general LOX inhibitor and BHPP, a 12-LOX-selective inhibitor, induced rapid and dose-dependent apoptosis of serum-cultured W256 cells as well as several other tumor (in particular leukemia) cell lines, thus suggesting a potential role for LOX in mediating serum-supported tumor cell survival. The molecular mechanism of NDGA-induced W256 cell death was subsequently investigated. NDGA-induced apoptosis could be significantly postponed by overexpression of 12-LOX, thus suggesting that the NDGA effect is, at least partly, dependent on its inhibition of LOX (i.e., 12-LOX). W256 cell apoptosis induced by NDGA could also be effectively inhibited by GSH-elevating or thiol agents as well as by lipid peroxidation inhibitors and an inhibitor of mitochondria respiratory chain rotenone. Further experiments demonstrated that NDGA treatment triggered rapid lipid peroxidation leading to the depletion of cytosolic and mitochondrial GSH pools. Interestingly, the lipid peroxidation induced by NDGA could not be inhibited by conventional free radical scavengers nor by cyclooxygenase or cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase inhibitors. In summary, the present work suggests a role of 12-LOX in regulating serum (growth factor)-supported survival of certain tumor cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 172:155–170, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Dimensions Relating Holland's Vocational Personality Typology and the Five-Factor Model

This study examined the correspondence between two models of personality structure, both of which purport to be comprehensive: Holland's (1992) vocational personality typology and the five-factor model. In this research, 102 female and 91 male college students completed the Self-Directed Search (SDS; Holland, 1985a) and the NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI; Costa & McCrae, 1985). Results of canonical analyses revealed two dimensions to which SDS and NEO-PI variable sets were related for both females and males; however, the nature of the dimension pairs differed by gender. For females, significant overlap between SDS and NEO-PI domains was represented by a dimension characterized by a Nonpersonal Orientation at one pole and an Interpersonal Orientation at the other pole, and a Closedness-Openness dimension. For males, overlap between the two domains was explained by Closedness-Openness and Introversion-Extraversion dimensions. Results generally were consistent with theoretical definitions of the Big-Five ...
Diurnal regulation of plant growth

Life occurs in an ever-changing environment. Some of the most striking and predictable changes are the daily rhythms of light and temperature. To cope with these rhythmic changes, plants use an endogenous circadian clock to adjust their growth and physiology to anticipate daily environmental changes. Most studies of circadian functions in plants have been performed under continuous conditions. However, in the natural environment, diurnal outputs result from complex interactions of endogenous circadian rhythms and external cues. Accumulated studies using the hypocotyl as a model for plant growth have shown that both light signalling and circadian clock mutants have growth defects, suggesting strong interactions between hypocotyl elongation, light signalling and the circadian clock. Here, we review evidence suggesting that light, plant hormones and the circadian clock all interact to control diurnal patterns of plant growth.
The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

The Harmony of Illusions: Inventing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. Allan Young. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1995 (cloth and paper),. + 327 pp.
Preliminary Observations of the Use of High-Frequency Jet Ventilation as Rescue Therapy in Infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia

Abstract Background/Purpose Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is associated with mortality of 10% to 50%. Several investigators have reported outcomes from centers using high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in their management of CDH, but there are no recent reports on use of high-frequency jet ventilation. Methods During the study period from January 2001 until August 2007, infants with CDH who were cared for at Duke University Medical Center received high-frequency jet ventilation as a rescue mode of high-frequency ventilation. We compared actual survival with predicted survival for infants treated only with conventional ventilation vs those rescued with high-frequency jet ventilation after failing conventional ventilation. Results Survival for the 16 infants that received high-frequency jet ventilation was predicted to be 63%; actual survival was 75%. Survival for the 15 infants that received only conventional ventilation was predicted to be 83%; actual survival was 87%. We observed no significant survival benefit for high-frequency jet ventilation, 8.0% (95 confidence interval, −22.0% to 38.1%; P = .59). Conclusions Although our sample size was small, we conclude with consideration of the absolute results, the degree of illness of the infants, and the biologic plausibility for the intervention that high-frequency jet ventilation is an acceptable rescue ventilation mode for infants with CDH.
Anger, Virtue, and Oppression

In recent feminist moral psychology, anger has been defended as an appropriate response to sexist oppression. Most of these defenses of anger stress the instrumental value of discrete episodes or bouts of anger. In light of these defenses of anger, I take up the question of how one might defend what I call a virtue of appropriate anger under grossly non-ideal circumstances. I argue that defending a virtue of appropriate anger under grossly non-ideal circumstances is not at all straightforward. I consider one recent and promising defense of the virtue of appropriate anger (the Eventual Flourishing Account) and argue that this account conflicts with our considered judgments about when the character trait of appropriate anger is a virtue. Moreover, I argue that the Eventual Flourishing Account does not provide a fully adequate characterization of the kind of anger partially constitutive of the virtue of appropriate anger. I sketch an alternative justification of the virtue of appropriate anger (the Appropriate Attitude Account) that stresses this trait’s non-instrumental value. I close by arguing that the Appropriate Attitude Account offers a better understanding and justification of the virtue of appropriate anger than the Eventual Flourishing Account.
Psychiatric disorders in women with bulimia nervosa and their first‐degree relatives: Effects of comorbid substance dependence

Objective Women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and comorbid substance dependence often display impulsive behaviors. We assessed Axis I and II psychiatric diagnoses in their first-degree relatives in order to understand the etiological factors that may contribute to this subtype of BN. Method: We used contemporary family-epidemiological methodology to compare the lifetime prevalence of psychiatric disorders among 47 women with BN and 44 non-eating-disordered community control women, and their first-degree relatives (177 and 190, respectively). BN probands were stratified by the presence (n = 20) or absence (n = 27) of a lifetime history of alcohol and/or drug dependence. Results: Social phobia, conduct disorder, and clusters B and C personality disorders were significantly more prevalent among BN probands with substance dependence than among BN probands without substance dependence or control women probands. Substance use disorders, social phobia, panic disorder, and cluster B personality disorders were significantly more prevalent among the relatives of BN probands with substance dependence than the relatives of the other two groups. Discussion: Women with BN and substance dependence have problems with social anxiety, antisocial behavior, and a variety of personality disturbances, and come from families where there are problems with substance use disorders, anxiety, impulsivity, and affective instability. These data raise the possibility that a familial vulnerability for impulsivity and affective instability may contribute to the development of substance dependence in a subgroup of women with BN. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 22:253–264, 1997.
Why do some beginning teachers leave the school, and others stay? Understanding teacher resilience through psychological lenses

With the increasing concern about the high attrition rate among beginning teachers, it is essential that we come to a better understanding of why teachers leave the profession. This study explored differences between leavers and stayers in terms of the process of their resilience responses. Major psychological factors such as value, self-efficacy, beliefs and emotions were foregrounded to understand how leavers and stayers are similar or different in negotiating and interpreting external environments. This study employed semi-structured interviews for seven leavers and seven stayers who had teaching experiences of less than five years. The findings of this study showed that both leavers and stayers had intrinsic interests in working as a teacher. Also, both groups identified similar challenges of working as a teacher, such as classroom management and effective delivery of lessons. However, leavers showed weaker self-efficacy beliefs than stayers, who tended to get more support and help from school adminis...
A Bayesian hierarchical model to detect differentially methylated loci from single nucleotide resolution sequencing data

DNA methylation is an important epigenetic modification that has essential roles in cellular processes including gene regulation, development and disease and is widely dysregulated in most types of cancer. Recent advances in sequencing technology have enabled the measurement of DNA methylation at single nucleotide resolution through methods such as whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing. In DNA methylation studies, a key task is to identify differences under distinct biological contexts, for example, between tumor and normal tissue. A challenge in sequencing studies is that the number of biological replicates is often limited by the costs of sequencing. The small number of replicates leads to unstable variance estimation, which can reduce accuracy to detect differentially methylated loci (DML). Here we propose a novel statistical method to detect DML when comparing two treatment groups. The sequencing counts are described by a lognormal-beta-binomial hierarchical model, which provides a basis for information sharing across different CpG sites. A Wald test is developed for hypothesis testing at each CpG site. Simulation results show that the proposed method yields improved DML detection compared to existing methods, particularly when the number of replicates is low. The proposed method is implemented in the Bioconductor package DSS.
CYP2D6 poor metabolizers in depressed women of Mexican origin

Purpose Pharmacogenetic information regarding the Mexican-American population is sparse. It has been suggested that fewer Mexican-Americans are CYP2D6 poor metabolizers than Anglos. While some studies have reported that U.S. Hispanics are more sensitive to drugs metabolized by CYP2D6 others have not shown differences. Our ongoing study investigates the pharmacogenetics of desipramine or fluoxetine in the in the Los Angeles Mexican-origin population. Methods: Subanalysis of a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Results: We describe two Mexican-American women who were found to have elevated levels of desipramine and severe side effects after taking a minimal dose for two weeks. CYP2D6 genotyping indicated both women to have the mutant allele *4/*4 which has been found in poor metabolizers. Conclusions: CYP2D6 genotyping is of considerable public health relevance. This should become a routine laboratory exam for patients who are treated with medications that are metabolized by this enzyme, including minorities whose adverse responses are at times inappropriately attributed to cultural factors. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2004) 75, P41–P41; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2003.11.153
Cultivating the Next Generation of Interior Designers: The Undergraduate as Design Researcher

ISSUE: To cultivate better designers and design researchers, should undergraduates test their own hypotheses concerning the built environment? APPLICATION: A third-year undergraduate student developed a research strategy to investigate how furniture placement affects human behavior. Two different furniture arrangements, one existing layout and one layout designed by the student, were used as the experiment's dependent variables. GOAL: Primary goals for this study were to demonstrate how research could be directly meaningful to the undergraduate educational experience in interior design and to increase understanding of the complexities of mentoring young design researchers. DESCRIPTION: The student was involved in all aspects of the research project from conceptualization and grant proposal writing to data analysis and presentation of results. The entire process occurred within a five-month period. CONCLUSION: This research experience provided the student with increased confidence and a broader theoretical background from which to analyze and challenge previously accepted viewpoints held by the design community. To lead the interior design discipline into the next century, young designers should be trained to assess critically and analyze new information and methods. Summary As we prepare today' graduates for leadership roles, we must develop in them the ability for critical thought along with the aesthetic and technical skills stressed in the design studio. Design students, like students in any other discipline, need to know how to define a problem, collect data, draw valid conclusions, and communicate the results. If not taught these skills, the next generation of designers will be unable to distinguish between valid scholarly research and unsubstantiated beliefs. The future of the design discipline will depend on interior designers having the intellectual tools to find that “simple error and to provide an appropriate solution. The undergraduate research project is one method to provide the next generation of designers with the intellectual skills needed to make informed decisions.
Issues of adolescent psychological development in the 21st century.

1. Margaret E. Gutgesell, MD, PhD* 2. Nancy Payne, MD† 1. *Associate Professor of Pediatrics and Psychiatric Medicine 2. †Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe outside influences on adolescent psychological development. 2. Explain why cognitive development advances during adolescence should be assessed before initiating counseling. 3. Describe the relationship between risk-taking behaviors of adolescents and cognitive maturity. 4. Explain how visible and nonvisible health conditions affect the adolescent’s view of self. 5. Discuss how physicians can help improve compliance in an adolescent. Dealing with adolescents always has been a challenge for both parents and clinicians. In today’s society, adolescence is a prolonged developmental stage that lasts approximately 10 years, nominally described as between the ages of 11 and 22 years. An adolescent progresses through stages of biologic development as well as changes in psychological and social functioning. It is in this period that a person becomes both physically and psychologically mature and capable of independent living. Although some recent data show that 75% of adolescents and their families have a transitional experience that is trouble-free, many have described this period as one of “storm and stress.” Physicians caring for adolescents need to know how the influences of family and the adolescent peer group affect teenagers as they progress through the early (11 to 14 y), middle (15 to 17 y), and late (18 to 21 y) stages of development. Although the outcome might be the same (eg, a healthy and independent adult), individual variation in the progression through these stages can be substantial; adolescence is a highly variable and somewhat asynchronous process. Progression through the various stages does not follow the same timelines for each adolescent. Finally, physicians need to know how to address the major issues of sexuality, risk-taking, and other health-related concerns of adolescents. This article will help the pediatrician manage these issues of adolescence, especially in the setting of the United States. However, many of these …
An area and latency assessment for coding for memories with stuck cells

We explore the implementation in hardware of encoders for algebraic codes for binary memories that have some cells stuck to given values. The location and stuck values of the cells are assumed to be known at encode time, but not at decode time. Recently, an algorithm for BCH-like codes for stuck cells was developed that relies on a type of polynomial interpolation in an extension field followed by a step of projection of the result of the interpolation back into the binary field. In this article, we report on the area and latency of a sequential implementation of this encoding algorithm for a variety of values for the number of stuck cells. The statistics on area and latency follow from preliminary circuit synthesis results obtained from a full VHDL implementation of these examples.
Communicating in public policy matters: addressing the problem of non-congruent sites of discourse

It is noted that communication scholars and teachers agree that the first step in joining a community is to learn the conventions of discourse of the target discipline. But argument in public policy arenas often involves multiple disciplines and must address ethical as well as technical issues. The authors term such discourse forums 'noncongruent sites' and explore the problem of how to determine when the field-specific discourse convections of specialists appropriately give way to ethical argument. It is argued that engineers must be educated to take a more than purely technical perspective on public issues. The curriculum at one institution is examined, and examples of courses and projects which tend to promote a broader perspective are given. >
Physical properties of the particles composing the Martian dust storm of 1971–1972

Data obtained with the infrared interferometric spectrometer (IRIS) aboard Mariner 9 during the global Martian dust storm of 1971-1972 are analyzed to study the particle sizes in detail, estimate the dust particle size distribution, and determine the dust optical depth. Theoretical spectra of the emergent intensity from dust clouds with properties similar to those of the Martian cloud are generated, deficiencies of the approximation used are discussed, and the information content of the IR aerosol spectra is assessed. Analysis of IRIS spectra from a series of orbits spread through the early months of the Mariner 9 mission indicates that the dust could have been either igneous material with an SiO2 content similar to or higher than that of a typical terrestrial sediment or clay minerals similar to those on earth. In either case, the Martian dust was differentiated by geologic or weathering processes. The dust particle size distribution between 1 and 10 microns is found to have a slope similar to that of terrestrial dust size distributions far from source regions.