cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defense of Benthic Invertebrates Against Surface Colonization by Larvae: A Chemical Arms Race

Sessile invertebrates evolved in a competitive milieu where space is a limiting resource, setting off an arms race between adults that must maintain clean surfaces and larvae that must locate and attach to a suitable substratum. I review the evidence that invertebrates chemically deter or kill the propagules of fouling animals and protists under natural conditions, and that chemosensory mechanisms may allow larvae to detect and avoid settling on chemically protected organisms. The fouling process is an ecologically complex web of interactions between basibionts, surface-colonizing microbes, and fouling larvae, all mediated by chemical signaling. Host-specific bacterial communities are maintained by many invertebrates, and may inhibit fouling by chemical deterrence of larvae, or by preventing biofilm formation by inductive strains. Larval settlement naturally occurs in a turbulent environment, yet the effects of waterborne versus surface-adsorbed chemical defenses have not been compared in flow, limiting our understanding of how larvae respond to toxic surfaces in the field. The importance of evaluating alternative hypotheses such as mechanical and physical defense is discussed, as is the need for ecologically relevant bioassays that quantify effects on larval behavior and identify compounds likely to play a defensive role in situ.
Small bowel adenocarcinoma: A review of 491 cases

4127 Background: Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare tumor accounting for less than 2% of all GI tumors. The prognosis of advanced disease is poor. Benefits of adjuvant therapy following com...
Transposition of Great Arteries

Transposition of the great arteries (TGA) is a form of conotruncal abnormalities in which the aorta arises from the morphological right ventricle and pulmonary artery arises from the morphological left ventricle (ventriculoarterial discordance). TGA encompasses two distinct defects, complete TGA and congenitally corrected TGA. Complete TGA has a prevalence of 0.24/1,000 live births [12] and represents ∼% of all congenital heart disease [25]. It is the second most common congenital heart defect recognized in infancy [12]. Congenitally corrected TGA is rarer, recognized in 0.02–0.07 per 1,000 live births [15], or less than 1 % of congenital heart defects [25].
Promoting Inclusive, Deep Learning in Online Contexts

Developing the design, climate, social, and academic presence of instructors and students, as well as pedagogical activities both online and outside the web-based learning context, is a complex endeavor. This complexity and flexibility is necessary to developing an inclusive learning culture in web-based instructional contexts. In this chapter, we discuss key considerations and specific design and instructional techniques for constructing an inclusive online instructional context. These design considerations and techniques are both data-driven by the project findings on the learning or instructional contexts of the online courses examined and model-driven syntheses of the prior research on e-learning design and our Cultural Constructs and Online Instructional Context framework presented in Chaps. 5 and 6.
Suppression of Common Mode Signals Within the Electrosensory System of the Little Skate Raja Erinacea

The electroreceptors of elasmobranchs are strongly modulated by the fish's own ventilation but this source of potential interference is suppressed within the medulla. The mechanism for the suppression is thought to be based on the common mode nature of the ventilatory noise, i.e. it is of the same amplitude and phase for all of the electroreceptors, compared with environmental electric fields which affect the receptors differentially. Evidence for the common mode suppression hypothesis is provided here in skates by the observation that the response to an artificial common mode stimulus that is independent of ventilation and delivered through an electrode inserted into the animal's gut is also suppressed by the medullary neurons; the extent to which a particular neuron suppresses the responses to the gut stimulus and to ventilation is similar. In addition, a potential modulation of 5–150μV is measured between the skate's interior and the sea water during ventilation and this appears to be responsible for the self-stimulation. By passing d.c. or sinusoidal currents through the gut electrode it is demonstrated that this ventilatory potential is due to the variable shunting of a standing d.c. potential across the fish's skin by the opening and closing of the mouth and gill slits during ventilation. Osmoregulatory ion-pumping appears to contribute to the production of the d.c. potential. Note: Present address: Department of Biology, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06457, USA. Present address: Department of Zoology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
The Ups and Downs of Gay Sex After Prostate Cancer Treatment

SUMMARY Although, the diagnosis of prostate cancer is devastating, the disease is highly treatable. Treatment, however, does have side effects that can drastically affect sexual function-both from a physiologic and psychological standpoint. This problem can be particularly difficult for gay men to deal with as many are too afraid or embarrassed to discuss altered sexual function with their physicians and sexual partners. Physicians may incorrectly assume that an unmarried male patient is not sexually active when he may, in fact, be very sexually active. Sexual dysfunction after prostate cancer treatment can include impotence or a weak erection, failure to ejaculate and anal discomfort. Radiation therapy may produce impotence that is of gradual onset often beginning after treatment has terminated. Surgery can produce impotence immediately after the operation that can gradually improve over time. External beam radiation can also affect a gay man's ability to have anal sex because of bleeding, diarrhea and d...
Dimensiones del poder de la reforma escolar: las limitaciones de los sistemas de gobernanza

Using a social constructivist approach, this research paper focuses on principals’ and superintendents’ actions and beliefs to understand how these leaders engaged with the Linked Learning high school reform initiative in California. We found that struggles to implement the reform were due in part to unequal power relationships across the key stakeholders. Power is a central feature of the education reform process both in development and in implementation, yet it has not been given the research consideration it deserves. Our investigation of relationships among educational leaders as they went about adopting, implementing, and sustaining this particular reform draws attention to how differences in leaders’ perceptions and use of power can affect reform outcomes.
Surface Structure and Reactivity of Anatase TiO2 Crystals with Dominant {001} Facets

Hydrofluoric acid (HF)-assisted hydrothermal/solvothermal methods are widely used to synthesize anatase TiO2 single crystals with a high percentage of {001} facets, which are generally considered to be highly reactive. We have used Density Functional Theory calculations and first principles molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the structure of these facets, which is not yet well understood. Our results suggest that (001) surfaces exhibit the bulk-terminated structure when in contact with concentrated HF solutions. However, (1 × 4)-reconstructed surfaces, as observed in UHV, become always more stable at the typical temperatures, 400–600 °C, used to clean the as-prepared crystals in experiments. Since the (1 × 4)-reconstructed surfaces are only weakly reactive, our results predict that synthetic anatase crystals with dominant {001} facets should not exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity, consistent with recent experimental observations.
Case Report: Bacillary Angiomatosis with Massive Visceral Lymphadenopathy

ABSTRACT Bacillary angiomatosis is a newly characterized infectious disease occurring mainly in patients with AIDS. Most patients have cutaneous angiomatosis lesions resembling Kaposi’s sarcoma or pyogenic granuloma. Although the disease may be life-threatening if not treated, it is curable with appropriate antibiotic therapy. A patient had a fever, nightsweats, abdominal pain, pleural effusions, and asymmetric peripheral lymphadenopathy. Computed tomography of the chest and abdomen revealed a unique pattern of enhancement of lymph nodes that, to this research team’s knowledge, has not been reported previously with this condition. Appropriate antibiotic therapy resulted in a complete resolution of the disease. Included is a discussion of the clinical presentation, etiology, histology, and treatment of bacillary angiomatosis.
Making Morocco: colonial intervention and the politics of identity

Jonathan Wyrtzen’s new book contributes to an emergent body of English-language scholarship that is adding nuance, clarity, and intrigue to our understanding of Morocco’s colonial period. Framed by...
F-18 FDG PET/CT imaging of non-malignant hypermetabolic musculoskeletal processes

1018 Learning Objectives 1. To present the PET/CT imaging of non-malignant hypermetabolic musculoskeletal entities encompassing inflammation, infection, injury, post-operative changes, physiologic variants, and benign tumors, and 2. to discuss different methods to distinguish these benign processes from malignancy. F-18 FDG PET/CT is a well-established imaging modality for the staging and post-therapeutic surveillance of lymphoma, melanoma, and cancer of the lung, esophagus, colon and breast. The imaging is based on uptake and retention of glucose-analog radiotracer by highly metabolic tumors and related metastases. During this combined anatomic and functional evaluation of malignancy, musculoskeletal uptake may be purportedly or fortuitously demonstrated. In this exhibit, the authors present the spectrum of non-malignant hypermetabolic musculoskeletal processes encountered during PET/CT imaging. Three categories of these entities are presented: 1. benign lesions with easily recognizable features such as brown adipose tissue, muscle exertion, hemangioma, musculoskeletal injury, ischio-gluteal bursitis, arthroplasty-induced granuloma and post-procedural changes, 2. benign lesions requiring further imaging or biopsy for diagnosis such as island of red marrow, aneurysmal bone cyst, pigmented villonodular synovitis, schwannoma, sarcoidosis, and 3. benign lesions responsible for paraneoplastic syndromes: oncogenic osteomalacia
The Aftermath of Humanitarian Crises: A Model for Addressing Social Work Interventions With Individuals, Groups, and Communities

This article reviews the aftermath of displacement caused by natural calamities such as hurricanes, earthquakes, and man-made disasters such as war, ecological degradations, and political, religiou...
Perinatal asphyxia, causes, detection and neurologic sequelae.

Recognition of an inverse correlation between Apgar score and the relative frequency of neurologic abnormalities in the child has stimulated the interest of pediatricians and obstetricians in perinatal oxygen deprivation. After a review of maternal and fetal factors interfering with fetal oxygenation, biochemical and biophysical indicators of the state of fetal oxygenation are discussed.
Relationship between Social Cognition and Temperament in Preschool‐aged Children

The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between temperament and social cognition, including theory of mind and emotion understanding, in 34 preschool-aged children (aged 3–4 years). Theory of mind was measured with a belief–desire reasoning assessment, and emotion understanding was measured with an affective perspective-taking task. Child temperament was provided by online parent report. Consistent with previous research, theory of mind correlated with shy and socially observant temperament. In contrast, emotion understanding was associated with attention focusing and low intensity pleasure (enjoyment of low arousal activities). Both theory of mind and emotion understanding were positively related to inhibitory control and negatively related to activity level. In sum, theory of mind and emotion understanding, while both associated with executive functioning, correlate with distinct social preference temperament dimensions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nephrolithiasis in Renal Tubular Acidosis

AbstractRenal tubular acidosis is a term applied to several conditions in which metabolic acidosis is caused by specific defects in renal tubular hydrogen ion secretion. Three types of renal tubular acidosis generally are recognized based on the nature of the tubular defect. Nephrolithiasis occurs only in type I renal tubular acidosis, a condition marked by an abnormality in the generation and maintenance of a hydrogen ion gradient by the distal tubule. A forme fruste of type I renal tubular acidosis has been described in which the characteristic defect in distal hydrogen ion secretion occurs in the absence of metabolic acidosis (incomplete renal tubular acidosis). Type I renal tubular acidosis is a heterogeneous disorder that may be hereditary, idiopathic or secondary to a variety of conditions. Secondary type I renal tubular acidosis in sporadic cases is associated most commonly with autoimmune diseases, such as Sjogren’s syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus, and it occurs more frequently in women ...
A toolkit for presenting advanced mathematics in serious games

Serious games are now considered to be an effective way for students to learn and have continued to gain popularity among educators. While a wide variety of serious games have been developed for other fields, there are few games for mathematics in higher education. One of the challenges that must be overcome during game development for mathematics is symbolic expression manipulation and display. This paper discusses the development of a toolkit that allows for the manipulation and display of symbolic expressions. Several open source mathematics libraries written in Python programming language were selected and utilized. We then developed a toolkit in the form of a C# dynamically linked library (DLL) that provides an intuitive and unified interface for commonly used mathematics functionalities needed by serious games, simplifying installation and software development. The developed toolkit has been utilized in a serious game for STEM education.
Reuel Schiller, Forging Rivals: Race, Class, Law, and the Collapse of Postwar Liberalism

Reuel Schiller, Forging Rivals: Race, Class, Law, and the Collapse of Postwar Liberalism (Cambridge University Press, 2015). Pp. xv + 343. $29.99 (hardcover). ISBN: 978-1-107-01226-4. Forging Rivals is a creative, comprehensively researched, eminently readable work that makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the late twentieth-century American liberalism. Schiller is a professor of law at UC-Hastings, with degrees in Law and History from Virginia. This remarkable book is his first, although he has law-review articles on labor law, administrative law, and legal history going back into the late ‘1990s. Its subject is the long decay of the political alliance between organized labor and civil-rights advocates in San Francisco between the end of World War II and the early 1970s; although the book’s geographical scope is narrow, one of its greatest strengths is the way in which it effectively uses its fine-grained analysis of labor politics in one city to elucidate what may be the most important long-term change … amcevoy{at}swlaw.edu
Implications of Advancing Technology on Needs for World Meteorological Information

Meteorological information is a means toward an end, not an end in itself. The need for such information exists in a large and varied group of users. We must anticipate not only the progress in meteorology and the technology supporting it, but also the progress in the science and technology supporting each of our major user groups. This paper explores that progress and how it may be expected to affect future world require­ments for meteorological information.
On Compressive orthonormal Sensing

The Compressive Sensing (CS) approach for recovering sparse signal with orthonormal measurements has been studied under various notions of coherence. However, existing notions of coherence either do not exploit the structure of the underlying signal, or are too complicated to provide an explicit sampling scheme for all orthonormal basis sets. Consequently, there is lack of understanding of key factors that guide the sampling of CS with orthonormal measurements and achieve as low sample complexity as possible. In this paper, we introduce a new notion of π-coherence that exploits both the sparsity structure of the signal and the local coherence. Based on π-coherence, we propose a sampling scheme that is adapted to the underlying true signal and is applicable for CS under all orthonormal basis. Our scheme outperforms (up to a constant factor) existing sampling schemes for orthonormal measurements, and achieves a near-optimal sample complexity (up to certain logarithm factors) for several popular choices of orthonormal basis. Furthermore, we characterize the necessary conditions on the sampling schemes for CS with orthonormal measurements. We then propose a practical multi-phase implementation of our sampling scheme, and verify its advantage over existing sampling schemes via application to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in medical science.
Abstract 267: Preserved Cardiac Contractility and Venous Return in Beta-arrestin2 Transgenic Mice During Sepsis With Insufficient Resuscitation

β-arrestin 2 is a negative regulator of inflammation and a protective signaling transducer in acute heart injury. In this study, using echocardiography and Millar Pressure-Volume systems, we found that heart dysfunction accompanied with hemodynamic instability occurred rapidly after experimental sepsis with insufficient resuscitation in wild type and β-arrestin 2 knock out mice but not in β-arrestin 2 transgenic mice. β-arrestin 2 overexpression is associated with preserved preload, cardiac output, systolic contractility and diastolic elasticity after cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Furthermore, β-arrestin 2 overexpression up-regulated IL-6/IL-6R/gp130/STAT3 anti-apoptotic signaling through suppressing p38 activation and subsequently inhibiting phosphorylation of membrane bound gp130, the signal transducer part of IL-6 receptor complex. In conclusion, β-arrestin 2 is a crucial cardiac function regulator in sepsis.
Impact of Auditory Interference on Automated Task Monitoring and Workload

The purpose of this research was to explore the effects of auditory distraction and criticality on pilots’ flight accuracy and workload, along with attention allocation with different reliability l...
Scalable near-repeat and event chain calculations over heterogeneous computer architecture and systems

As a case of space–time interaction, near-repeat calculation indicates that when an event takes place at a certain location, its immediate geographical surroundings would face an increased risk of ...
Novel therapies in thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and a consumptive thrombocytopenia, as a result of severe deficiency of ADAMTS13. The standard of care of the acute episode is treatment with plasma exchange and immunosuppression. After the acute episode is resolved, patients face a significant risk of relapse and long-term complications associated with significant morbidity and even mortality. Novel treatments have been under development and will be discussed in this review. Caplacizumab, a nanobody that blocks the interaction between VWF and platelets, has shown promising results in decreasing the time to recover from the acute events that will hopefully translate into long-term clinical benefit for patients. In addition, identifying biomarkers to allow us to better predict the risk for relapse and the development of these long-term complications in patients with TTP are a few of the challenges that require our attention moving forward.
Effects of Yoga on Attention, Impulsivity, and Hyperactivity in Preschool-Aged Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms.

ABSTRACT:Objective:Behavioral therapies are first-line for preschoolers with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Studies support yoga for school-aged children with ADHD; this study evaluated yoga in preschoolers on parent- and teacher-rated attention/challenging behaviors, attentional c
Patient centred medical home (PCMH) and patient-practitioner orientation: Is there a relationship?

BACKGROUND The patient-centred medical home (PCMH) and utilisation of a patient-centred care approach have been promoted as opportunities to improve healthcare quality while controlling expenditures. OBJECTIVES To determine the penetration of PCMH within physician practices, and to evaluate physician attitudes towards patient-practitioner orientation. The ultimate objective was to explore relationships between the patient-practitioner orientation of respondents and the presence of PCMH elements within their practice. METHODS A survey instrument was developed following a comprehensive literature review. Lead physicians practicing in four states were surveyed. RESULTS The adjusted response rate was 26.7%. Responses indicated increased utilisation of PCMH elements (electronic medical records, e-mail and telephone consultations, and physician performance monitoring and feedback) compared with previous research. Within a logistic regression model, medical school graduation year (1990 or later >prior to 1990), practice size (group >solo), and percentage of time allocated to patient care (less >more) were significant predictors of working in a high PCMH alignment setting. Physician and practice characteristics did not predict the level of patient-practitioner orientation, though rural physicians were more patient-centred than urban physicians. A non-linear correlation between patient-practitioner orientation and the likelihood of practicing in a low or high PCMH-aligned practice was observed. CONCLUSIONS There is a non-linear correlation between patient-practitioner orientation and the likelihood of a physician practicing in a low or high PCMH-aligned practice. The ability of a physician to work in a PCMH setting or practicing patient-centred care can go beyond a physician's aspirations to work and practice in that manner.
Real-Time Wireless Routing for Industrial Internet of Things

With the emergence of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), process industries have started to adopt wireless sensor-actuator networks (WSANs) for control applications. It is crucial to achieve real-time communication in this emerging class of networks, and routing has significant impacts on end-to-end communication delays in WSANs. However, despite considerable research on real-time transmission scheduling and delay analysis for such networks, real-time routing remains an open question for WSANs. This paper presents a conflict-aware real-time routing approach for WSANs, leveraging a key observation that conflicts among transmissions involving a common field device can contribute significantly to communication delays in industrial WSANs, such as WirelessHART networks. By incorporating conflict delays into the routing decisions, conflict-aware real-time routing algorithms allow a WSAN to accommodate more real- time flows while meeting their deadlines. Both evaluations based on simulations and experiments on a physical WSAN testbed show that conflict-aware real-time routing can lead to as much as a three-fold improvement in the real-time capacity of WSANs.
Survival impact and toxicity of metformin in head and neck cancer: An analysis of the SEER-Medicare dataset.

Abstract Objectives Recent preclinical research has renewed interest in the interplay between glucose dysregulation and cancer. Metformin holds promise as an adjunctive antineoplastic agent in head and neck cancer (HNC). We aimed to explore the impact of metformin in HNC patients from a population-based dataset. Patients & Methods Patients diagnosed with HNC from 2008 to 2011 were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare linked dataset and categorized into three groups: non-diabetics (nD), diabetics not taking metformin (DnM), and diabetics taking metformin (D + M). Overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) were compared between groups using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression controlling for sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment covariates. The incidence of toxicities associated with HNC therapy was compared among groups using χ2 analysis. Results Among 1646 patients, there were 1144 nD, 378 DnM, and 124 D + M. 2-year OS rates was 65.6% for nD, 57.7% for DnM, and 73.4% for D + M by Kaplan-Meier (p Conclusion HNC patients with diabetes taking metformin experience improved CSS. Prospective investigation of the addition of metformin to standard-of-care HNC therapy is warranted.
Simulation and OR Team Performance

Unsafe surgery results from a combination of technical and nontechnical errors. These errors, when unrecognized or when combined with latent systemic failures, can lead to significant injury to the patient and even death. The recognition that human error is inevitable in complex tasks has been slow to reach the medical community.
The Rise and Decline of Hegemonic Systems of Scientific Creativity

We analyze scientific creativity at the level of the society by focusing on the rise and decline of creativity at the level of the nation state during the past 275 years. We note outstanding individuals, departments and organizations in the context of the hegemonic science systems they represented and list organizational and institutional factors facilitating and hampering major discoveries. The most highly creative systems of science have been embedded only in those societies that were economic, political, and military hegemons. There has been a succession of scientific hegemons: France, Germany, Britain, and the United States. Scientific hegemons dominated multiple scientific fields and established the standards of excellence in most scientific fields. Their language became the major one used in scientific communication and their scientific elite were the most prominent in the world of science. They attracted more foreign young people for training than any other country. Their scientific culture tended to reflect the society’s culture. We examine factors contributing to each scientific hegemon’s eventual decline and graph their trajectories over time. We examine hindrances to the continued high performance of the US science system and make recommendations for enhancing future performance.
Culture, Conflict and Community: Rituals of Protest or Flairs of Competition

This paper examines the incident of public conflict over artistic and cultural expression in 48 U.S. cities. Analysis of more than 500 cases of conflict reveals that levels of public dispute are related to several underlying structural characteristics of cities. In particular, rapid demographic shifts, especially changes in foreign-born residents, are related to higher levels of conflict. The paper also suggests that there are at least three different profiles of conflict -- there are highly contentious cities, where both liberal-based and conservative-based groups are actively involved in protests; there are cities that experience cultural conflict as identity politics (liberal-based groups are most active); and those cities that practice cultural regulation (conservative-based groups are most active).
Understanding Carbonate Equilibria by Measuring Alkalinity in Experimental and Natural Systems

Carbonate equilibria is a fundamental concept within the geosciences. An understanding of carbonate equilibria is necessary for geologic studies of weathering, surface and ground water chemistry, a...
A higher-order model for fluid motion estimation

Image-based fluid motion estimation is of interest to science and engineering. Flow-estimation methods often rely on physics-based or spline-based parametric models, as well as on smoothing regularizers. The calculation of physics models can be involved, and commonly used 2nd-order regularizers can be biased towards lower-order flow fields. In this paper, we propose a local parametric model based on a linear combination of complex-domain basis flows, and a resulting global field that is produced by blending together local models using partition-of-unity.We show that the global field can be regularized to an arbitrary order without bias towards specific flows. Additionally, the blending approach to fluid-motion estimation is more flexible than competing spline-based methods. We obtained promising results on both synthetic and real fluid data.
Anterolateral Retroperitoneal Psoas-Sparing (Anterior to Psoas: ATP) Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spine and Adult Deformity: Surgical Technique and the Evidence

Abstract Corrective multilevel spinal surgeries are notorious for high complication rate. In effort to reduce morbidities, various minimally invasive surgical techniques have been described. Posterior interbody fusions, while familiar to most surgeons, are limited in their ability to address multilevel pathology. Contrastingly, anterior lumbar fusion is effective in correcting multilevel deformities, yet it is notorious for vascular injuries and often warrants the assistance of an exposure surgeon. Moreover, the attractive lateral transpsoas approach has been associated with catastrophic neurovascular and visceral complications. Therefore, a novel retroperitoneal anterolateral psoas sparing access will be presented as a promising alternative to the preexisting techniques.
Surgical Endoscopy: Future Directions

Since the introduction of the modern endoscope in 1957, numerous advances have been made in its use. The endoscope has transitioned from a primarily diagnostic tool at its inception, to now offering a plethora of therapeutic interventions including Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES). Advances in the endoscope, endoscopic imaging modalities, and therapeutic tools and platforms have contributed to recent, and upcoming, progression in NOTES. Current states of these advancements are reviewed.
Multi-view Transformation Learning

In this chapter, we would propose two multi-view transformation learning algorithms to solve the classification problem. First of all, we consider the multi-view data have two kinds of manifold structures, i.e., class structure and view structure, then design a dual low-rank decomposition algorithm. Secondly, we assume the domain divergence involves more than one dominant factors, e.g., different view-points, various resolutions and changing illuminations, and explore an intermediate domain could often be found to build a bridge across them to facilitate the learning problem. After that, we propose a Coupled Marginalized Denoising Auto-encoders framework to address the cross-domain problem.
Strengthening the Rubber Stamp: Comparing Legislative Powers across Regimes

This research project was supported by European Research Council, Grant 724191, PI: Staffan I. Lindberg; as well as by internal grants from the Vice-Chancellor’s office, the Dean of the College of Social Sciences, and the Department of Political Science at University of Gothenburg.
COST OF HOSPITALIZATION TRENDS FOLLOWING PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTION IN THE UNITED STATES

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) is the most common cardiac procedure performed and understanding the cost of hospitalization will enable us to better understand the burden of disease in the U.S. Nationwide Readmission Database (NRD) was queried and data from 2010 to 2014 were included.
The Angiographic Suite: A One-Stop Shop for the Triage and Treatment of Large Vessel Occlusive Acute Ischemic Strokes

C-arm cone-beam CT technology is now at a point where it is feasible to perform comprehensive imaging of carefully selected patients with an AIS in the angiography suite. The ability to do this should result in a significant reduction in the picture to puncture time. This, in turn, should improve clinical outcomes following successful recanalization. Our belief in the feasibility of the one-stop shop workflow and its value added is based on the use of technology which has not been fully validated or tested in a clinical environment. However, our belief and confidence in the proposed workflow are well supported by preliminary results from our initial clinical studies and basic imaging science researches.
Device Platform for Electrically Reconfigurable Dielectric Metasurfaces

Achieving an electrically tunable phased array optical antenna surface has been a principal challenge in the field of metasurfaces. In this letter, we demonstrate a device platform for achieving reconfigurable control over the resonant wavelength of a subwavelength optical antenna through free-carrier injection. We engineer and grow, using molecular beam epitaxy, a heterostructure of In1-xAlxAs/InAs/AlyGa1-ySb layers designed to achieve large amplitude and phase modulation of light by maximizing the refractive index change in regions of resonant field enhancement The p-i-n layers are grown on a heavily doped n-InAs layer which forms a reflecting substrate to confine the Mie resonances within the nanowires of the index tunable layers. We outline the fabrication process developed to form such tunable metasurface elements using a four-step projection lithography process and a self-aligned vertical dry etch. We experimentally demonstrate the operation of an electrically reconfigurable optical antenna element where the resonant wavelength blue shifts by 200nm only during carrier-injection. We extrapolate the experimentally measured InAs refractive index shifts to show we can achieve nearly {\pi} phase shift in a metasurface array. This solid-state device platform enables us to contact each resonant element independently to form a truly reconfigurable Fourier optical element with the promise of arbitrary control of the electromagnetic wavefront at the subwavelength scale.
Timbre Is a Many-Splendored Thing

I should start this piece with an admission: I had no idea at the time I attended the “Timbre Is a Many-Splendored Thing” conference that I would be asked to review it. If I had known, I would have attended every panel or at least a far greater portion of the conference than I did. To be sure, I
Preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition and decrease in platelet count following transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Background Thrombocytopenia after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Whether preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition prevents postprocedural thrombocytopenia is uncertain. Methods This retrospective analysis identified consecutive patients (n = 266) undergoing TAVR between November 2016 and July 2017. Preprocedure clopidogrel load ≥300 mg or maintenance P2Y12 inhibitor therapy defined preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition. Patients who did not consent for the registry (n = 8), with baseline severe thrombocytopenia ( 20% decrease in platelet count from baseline to day 1 post-TAVR. Results Patients with (n = 134) versus without (n = 106) preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition had no differences in platelet count at baseline. Patients with preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition had a significantly lower proportion of the primary outcome (34.3% vs. 57.5%, p = .001) and a lower absolute decrease in platelet count (32.8 × 103 vs. 45.8 × 103 platelet/μL, p = .01). Of patients without baseline thrombocytopenia (n = 198), a numerically lower rate of patients with versus without preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition developed thrombocytopenia on day 1 post-TAVR (25.5% vs. 36.4%, p = .1). Conclusion Patients who received preprocedural P2Y12 inhibition prior to TAVR were less likely to demonstrate a decrease in platelet count after TAVR. Prospective studies to further understand the clinical implication of these findings are warranted.
Gallium penetration of aluminum: in-situ TEM observations at the penetration front

The Al-Ga system provides a remarkable example of intergranular Liquid Metal Embrittlement (LME). The Al-Ga equilibrium phase diagram reveals no intermetallic compounds and very limited mutual solubilities, which implies that interactions between Al and Ga should be minimal. Yet when liquid Ga wets the surface of an Al specimen, the Ga will penetrate the Al grain boundaries, replacing each boundary with a liquid layer. In a previous study, the authors found that the penetration front travelled as rapidly as 8.7 {micro}m/s, generating a moving strain field that was visible in the transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Also, they found that different grain boundaries in a polycrystalline solid were penetrated at different rates, implying that grain boundary structure determines penetration behavior. Finally, they estimated that the initial Ga thickness in the grain boundary was on the order of a monolayer. In this paper the authors present in-situ TEM studies that elucidate processes occurring at the penetration front, and refine their estimate for the initial thickness of the penetration front. Although all of the TEM specimens were bicrystals, the grain boundaries studied were all general boundaries; that is, they were low symmetry boundaries with high-index rotation axes, and no low-index planes common tomore » both grains.« less
Possible neurobiological mechanisms underlying faster onset of antidepressant action.

All antidepressant drugs have a delayed onset of action. There is, however, evidence that some agents may attenuate depressive symptoms more rapidly than others. The present review examines the mechanisms by which selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, the dual 5-HT norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor venlafaxine, and the α 2 -adrenoceptor antagonist mirtazapine alter 5-HT and/or norepinephrine neurotransmission. Particular attention is given to the time course with which these effects manifest themselves in relation to the possibility that these 3 types of drugs may act more rapidly, or exert a greater antidepressant action, than other agents. Based on the effects of antidepressant drugs presently available, strategies to accelerate or augment the antidepressant response are described, some of which have already been examined in patients.
ROTAVIRUS INDUCES INTERCELLULAR CALCIUM WAVES THROUGH ADP SIGNALING

Rotavirus causes severe diarrheal disease in children worldwide. A hallmark of rotavirus infection is an increase in cytosolic calcium in infected small intestine epithelial cells. However, the underlying mechanism(s) of rotavirus-cell signaling remains incompletely characterized. Here we show that rotavirus-infected cells produce paracrine signals that manifest as intercellular calcium waves (ICWs); which are observed in both cell lines and human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). Rotavirus ICWs are caused by the release of extracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP) that activates P2Y1 purinergic receptors on neighboring cells and are blocked by P2Y1 antagonists or CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of P2Y1. This paracrine purinergic signal is critical for rotavirus replication and diarrhea. Blocking the ICW signal reduces rotavirus replication; inhibits rotavirus-induced serotonin release and fluid secretion; and reduces diarrhea severity in neonatal mice. This is the first evidence that viruses exploit intercellular calcium waves to amplify diarrheal signaling; a finding which have broad implications for gastrointestinal physiology.
Hormone Receptor–Positive/Human Epidermal Growth Receptor 2–Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer in Young Women: Emerging Data in the Era of Molecularly Targeted Agents

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy in young women worldwide, accounting for an estimated 30% of new cancer diagnoses and 25% of cancer deaths. Approximately two thirds of young women with breast cancer have hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth receptor 2-negative (HER2-) tumors. Numerous studies, primarily in early-stage breast cancer, have demonstrated that young age is an independent risk factor for more aggressive disease and worse outcomes. Although more limited data are available regarding outcomes in young patients with advanced disease, these age-related disparities suggest that breast cancer in premenopausal women has distinct clinicopathologic and molecular features that can impact treatment outcomes. Until recently, limited data were available on the intrinsic molecular subtypes and genetics of young patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). In this review, we explore insights into the clinical and pathologic features of HR+/HER2- mBC in younger women derived from recent clinical trials of the cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors palbociclib (PALOMA-3), ribociclib (MONALEESA-7), and abemaciclib (MONARCH 2) and the implications of these findings for clinical practice, guideline development, and future research. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This review provides clinicians with an overview of emerging data on the unique clinicopathologic and molecular features of hormone receptor-positive/human epidermal growth receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) in premenopausal women, summarizes findings from the most recent clinical trials of endocrine-based treatment in this patient population, and explores the implications of these findings for clinical practice, guideline development, and future research. Improved understanding of the key factors influencing disease course and treatment response in premenopausal patients with mBC may lead to more timely incorporation of evidence-based treatment approaches, thereby improving patient care and outcomes.
The R280H X-ray cross-complementing 1 germline variant induces genomic instability and cellular transformation

X-ray repair cross complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) plays an important role in base excision DNA repair (BER) as a scaffolding protein for BER enzymes. BER is one of the basic DNA repair pathways repairing greater than 20,000 endogenous lesions per cell per day. Proper functioning of XRCC1, one of the most important players in BER, was suggested to be indispensable for effective DNA repair. Despite accumulating evidence of an important role that XRCC1 plays in maintaining genomic stability, the relationship between one of its most predominant variants, R280H (rs25489), and cancer prevalence remains ambiguous. In the current study we functionally characterized the effect of the R280H variant expression on immortal non-transformed mouse mammary epithelial C127 and human breast epithelial MCF10A cells. We found that expression of R280H results in increased focus formation in mouse C127 cells and induces cellular transformation in human MCF10A cells. Cells expressing R280H showed significantly increased levels of chromosomal aberrations and accumulate double strand breaks in the G1 cell cycle phase. Our results confirm a possible link between R280H and genomic instability and suggest that individuals carrying this mutation may be at increased risk of cancer development.
Geographic Variation in Life-History Traits of Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata) During a Rapid Range Expansion

The warming of the world’s oceans has resulted in the redistribution of many marine species globally. As species undergo range shifts, the expanding edge of the population often experiences novel environmental and demographic conditions that may result in the emergence of variation in life-history strategies. The northern stock of black sea bass, Centropristis striata, has recently expanded its distribution poleward, into the Gulf of Maine. Management has struggled to keep pace with this rapid range shift, in part, because very little is known about the expanding population. We compared life-history traits of black sea bass collected from 2013-2016 from the northern most point of the historic range of the northern stock (southern Massachusetts) to those from two areas in the newly expanded range (northern Massachusetts and Maine). We found significant differences in size, diet, condition, maturity and sex ratio between black sea bass from southern Massachusetts and the Gulf of Maine. Overall, sea bass in the newly expanded range consumed a less diverse diet and their condition was lower, but they reached maturity at a younger age. We also found greater length- and age-at-maturity estimates from all regions combined compared to the most recent black sea bass stock assessment which includes data from Cape Hatteras, NC to southern Massachusetts. This study represents initial observations of life-history traits of sea bass in its newly expanded range in the Gulf of Maine, and suggests that these sea bass exhibit life-history strategies that differ from their southern counterparts within their historic range. Given these findings, the stock assessment for the Northeast U.S. Continental Shelf black sea bass stock may not be adequate for sea bass in the Gulf of Maine. Studies investigating the expanding edge of economically valuable fishery species are needed to aid in ongoing and future efforts to assess and manage their stocks.
Efficient in-situ image and video compression through probabilistic image representation

Fast and effective image compression for multi-dimensional images has become increasingly important for efficient storage and transfer of massive amounts of high-resolution images and videos. Desirable properties in compression methods include (1) high reconstruction quality at a wide range of compression rates while preserving key local details, (2) computational scalability, (3) applicability to a variety of different image/video types and of different dimensions, (4) progressive transmission, and (5) ease of tuning. We present such a method for multi-dimensional image compression called Compression via Adaptive Recursive Partitioning (CARP). CARP uses an optimal permutation of the image pixels inferred from a Bayesian probabilistic model on recursive partitions of the image to reduce its effective dimensionality, achieving a parsimonious representation that preserves information. CARP uses a multi-layer Bayesian hierarchical model to achieve in-situ compression along with self-tuning and regularization, with just one single parameter to be specified by the user to achieve the desired compression rate. Extensive numerical experiments using a variety of datasets including 2D still images, real-life YouTube videos, and surveillance videos show that CARP dominates the state-of-the-art image/video compression approaches---including JPEG, JPEG2000, BPG, MPEG4, HEVC and a neural network-based method---for all of these different image types and on nearly all of the individual images and videos over some methods.
Commentary: The Project of a European CCCTB [Common Consolidated Corporate Tax Base] as a Virtual Game

Adopting game theory as the framework for investigating formulary apportionment in the EU, the “game” of creating a common consolidated corporate tax base would then be a centralized re-creation of a negotiation among EC members and corporations with ties to them, and not the actual give-and-take of unilateral formulary apportionment adjustments like those that characterized the struggle among the US subnational States, or even in an open bargaining session among EC members.