cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two meals promote entrainment of rat food-anticipatory ant rest-activity rhythms

Ten female rats were fed early and late in the dark period of a 12-12 h light-dark cycle and then were fed at the same times in constant darkness. In both conditions rats were active prior to mealtimes and manifested no free-running components of activity. When the rats were placed in constant darkness and either were fed early and late in the inactive period, or had free access to food, six of the rats had rest-activity rhythms different from 24.0 h. Though a masking explanation could not be ruled out, two meals during the active period apparently entrained the rest-activity rhythms of these rats. The light-entrainable oscillator appears to integrate information from cycles of both illumination and food availability. Multiple sources of temporal information may promote more stable entrainment of the rest-activity rhythm than the light-dark cycle alone, especially in a burrow dwelling organism, like the rat, that can be exposed to inconsistent light-dark transitions.
Observation of Beam-Induced Changes in the Polarization of Balmer-α Radiation Emitted Following Beam--Tilted-Foil Transmission

Measurements of the circular polarization of Balmer-\ensuremath{\alpha} radiation emitted by excited hydrogen atoms, following the transmission of (20--50)-keV protons through thin, tilted amorphous carbon foils, exhibit markedly unexpected behavior as a function of exposure of the foil to the proton beam. Specifically, the circular polarization changes from an initially well understood tilt-angle dependence to a behavior which, for low tilt angles, gives the opposite handedness of circular polarization from that predicted. In addition, the degree of alignment, indicated by the linear Stokes parameter M/I, is enhanced also as a function of dose. These changes in the tilt-angle dependence of the Stokes parameters have been systematically correlated with beam-induced graphitization of the foil, which is observed to occur from Raman measurements.
Nosema invadens sp. n. (Microsporida: Nosematidae), a pathogen causing inflammatory response in Lepidoptera

Abstract States in the life cycle of Nosema invadens sp. n. are described from the raisin moth, Cadra figulilella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella. In laboratory tests, larvae of the following Lepidoptera were also susceptible: Ephestia elutella, Plodia interpunctella, Galleria mellonella, and Paramyelois transitella. The midgut wall and Malpighian tubules were invaded first, but subsequently most other tissues were also infected. Severe inflammatory response accompanied infection, including hemocytic encapsulation of infected areas and hemocytic infiltration of fat tissue.
Inhibition of AMPK catabolic action by GSK3

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) regulates cellular energy homeostasis by inhibiting anabolic and activating catabolic processes. While AMPK activation has been extensively studied, mechanisms that inhibit AMPK remain elusive. Here we report that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibits AMPK function. GSK3 forms a stable complex with AMPK through interactions with the AMPK β regulatory subunit and phosphorylates the AMPK α catalytic subunit. This phosphorylation enhances the accessibility of the activation loop of the α subunit to phosphatases, thereby inhibiting AMPK kinase activity. Surprisingly, PI3K-Akt signaling, which is a major anabolic signaling and normally inhibits GSK3 activity, promotes GSK3 phosphorylation and inhibition of AMPK, thus revealing how AMPK senses anabolic environments in addition to cellular energy levels. Consistently, disrupting GSK3 function within the AMPK complex sustains higher AMPK activity and cellular catabolic processes even under anabolic conditions, indicating that GSK3 acts as a critical sensor for anabolic signaling to regulate AMPK.
Free Speech and Democracy in Ancient Athens

Free Speech and Democracy in Ancient Athens. By Arlene W. Saxonhouse. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2005. 246p. $70.00.The subject of this book is parrhesia, free or, as the author sometimes prefers, frank speech. Through close readings of stories by Plato and Homer, she identifies free speech with shamelessness and self-exposure, claiming that “[s]hame and free speech represent opposing points in the political order that play off one another in the construction of a stable democratic polity” (p. 8). However, the ambitions of this book go well beyond the historical account of what happened in Athens. Rather, the author argues “there is a congruence between the Athenian version of freedom of speech, of philosophy, and democracy, all exhibiting a common hostility to hierarchy and to history or the past” (p. 36).
Hyperparathyroidism and portacaval shunt: A syndrome or a coincidence?

This is a report of six patients with cirrhosis of the liver in whom primary hyperparathyroidism occurred due to a solitary parathyroid adenoma 3 months to 9 years after undergoing emergency portacaval shunt for hemorrhage from esophageal varices. The presenting symptoms in all six patients were weakness and bone pain. Three patients had a bone fracture after insignificant trauma, one and probably two passed kidney stones, and a duodenal ulcer developed in two. Bone x-ray films showed generalized osteoporosis in all patients. Renal function and arterial blood pH were within normal limits in every patient. The diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism in each patient was based on repeated demonstrations of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and markedly elevated serum immunoreactive parathyroid hormone concentrations. In all six patients, removal of the parathyroid adenoma resulted in disappearance of symptoms; normalization of serum calcium, phosphorus, and immunoreactive parathyroid hormone levels; and, in four of the six, improvement in radiographic evidence of osteoporosis during follow-up of from 1 to 6 years. The association of cirrhosis, portacaval shunt, and primary hyperparathyroidism has not been documented previously. Our six patients with primary hyperparathyroidism constitute 3.4 percent of 174 survivors of emergency portacaval shunt in a series of 264 unselected, consecutive patients with cirrhosis and bleeding esophageal varices. Hepatic osteodystrophy is known to have occurred in only 11 of these 174 survivors. Primary hyperparathyroidism may be a more common cause of hepatic osteodystrophy than has been previously recognized, and should be considered in patients with cirrhosis in whom weakness, bone pain, and bone demineralization develop, particularly if they have a portacaval anastomosis.
Blood donor complications after whole-blood donation.

Purpose of review This review focuses on the common and uncommon adverse events that occur during or after whole-blood donation. The incidence of seeking outside medical care for an adverse event is at least 1 in 3400 blood donations. Physicians may encounter blood donors with adverse events and should be familiar with their prognosis and treatment. Recent findings There are 15 million whole-blood donations per year in the United States, and one third of the donors develop one or more adverse events. A recent study defined the common complications based on a postdonation interview as bruise (23%), sore arm (10%), fatigue (80/%), and vasovagal reaction (7%). A 2003 American Red Cross national donor complication database from 7,000,000 whole-blood donations classified reported donor complications and the incidence of outside medical care. Descriptive studies have been published on vasovagal syncopal reactions, antecubital nerve injuries (irritations), and arterial punctures, and the medical outcomes for these entities have been more precisely defined. The effect of blood donor adverse events on donor retention rates is a new area that is just beginning to be studied. Summary The incidence of complications and types of complications is more precisely defined today. Medical outcomes are better defined for vasovagal reactions, nerve injuries (irritations), and arterial puncture. These data should help physicians who encounter these entities.
Leading Edge Vortex Development on a Pitching Flat Plate at Low Reynolds number

Many natural flyers utilize unsteady flow phenomena to enhance their flight characteristics in low Reynolds number regimes. Understanding the development and evolution of these structures is essential to understanding their influence on unsteady aerodynamics. This paper investigates the leading edge vortex (LEV) development over an aspect ratio 4, flat plate driven through a pitch up maneuver. Two-component and threecomponent Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is utilized to measure the LEV and tip vortex (TiV) respectively. The Line Integral Convolution (LIC) and vortex core identification techniques are utilized on the flow fields to assess these unsteady structures throughout the kinematic motion. A separation bubble forms at the start of the maneuver which proceeds to lift off the wing at an angle of attack equal to 27°. After this separation, this circulatory flow forms a closed vortex structure that proceeds to advect downstream. The various advection rates of these structures forms a “kink” in the vortex core trajectory as a function of normalized time. A second vortex forms at the end of the maneuver. This vortex is shown to strengthen as the three dimensional flow from the TiV is reduced. The second vortex proceeds to advect downstream in the absence of these three dimensional effects, ultimately weakening as its size increases.
Differential properties of prostaglandin and gonadotropin receptors in the bovine corpus lutuem cell membranes.

Abstract Bovine corpus luteum cell membranes contain low affinity and high capacity 3 H-Prostaglandin (PG)E 1 binding sites compared to 125 I-human chorionic gonadotropin ( 125 I-HCG) binding sites. The binding sites for 3 H-PGE 1 are heterogeneous (high and low affinity), whereas 125 I-HCG binding sites are homogeneous in nature. The values for the free energy changes for the dissociation of bound ligand indicated that 125 I-HCG-receptor complexes are more stable than 3 H-PGE 1 receptor complexes. A much greater decrease in 125 I-HCG binding was observed than for the decrease of 3 H-PGE 1 binding in the presence of high concentrations of both Ca 2+ and Na + (>1.0 × 10 −1 M). A significant increase in 3 H-PGE 1 binding and a significant decrease in 125 I-HCG binding was observed in the presence of 2mM, ATP, CTP, cAMP and cGMP. Indomethacin and PY 1 at high concentrations and estradiol-17β at concentrations comparable to other PGs (PGF 1α , F 2α and B 1 ) significantly reduced 3 H-PGE 1 binding but had no effect on 125 I-HCG binding. Incubation of membranes with proteolytic enzymes, lipase and phospholipases A and C resulted in losses of specific binding of both 3 H-PGE 1 and 125 I-HCG. However, a more drastic reduction of 125 I-HCG binding was observed following the incubation of membranes with proteolytic enzymes than for the loss of 3 H-PGE 1 binding. In summary, these results demonstrate the independent nature of PGE 1 and HCG receptor sites with respect to their equilibrium and kinetic binding behaviors and responses to various compounds and also suggest that the HCG receptor sites are in more hydrophilic regions as compared to the location of PGE 1 receptor sites (hydrophobic) in the bovine corpus luteum cell membrane structure.
The interactive shared educational environment: user interface, system architecture and field study

The user interface and system architecture of a novel Interactive Shared Educational Environment (ISEE) are presented. Based on a lightweight infrastructure, ISEE enables relatively low bandwidth network users to share videos as well as text messages. Smartlink is a new concept introduced in this paper. Individual information presentation components, like the video player and text chat room, are "smartly" linked together through video timestamps and hyperlinks. A field study related to children book selections using ISEE was conducted. The results indicated that the combination of three information presentation components, including video player with storyboard, shared browser, and text chat room, provided an effective and more comfortable collaboration and learning environment for the given tasks than text reviews or text chat alone or in combination. The video player was the most preferred information component. Text comments in the chat room that did not synchronize with the video content distracted some participants due to limited cognitive capacity. Using smartlink to synchronize various information components or "channels" is our attempt to reduce the user's working memory load in information enriched distance learning environments made possible by digital libraries.
Orbital Simulations for Directed Energy Deflection of Near-Earth Asteroids

Abstract Directed energy laser ablation at the surface of an asteroid or comet produces an ejection plume that will impart a thrust on the asteroid. This thrust can mitigate a threatened collision with the Earth. This technique uses the asteroid itself as the deflection propellant. The DE-STAR laser system is designed to produce a sufficiently intense spot on the surface of an asteroid to accomplish this in one of two operational modes. One is a complete “stand-off” mode where a large space based phased-array laser directed energy system can interdict asteroids at large distances allowing sufficient time to mitigate nearly all known threats. A much smaller version of the same system, called DE-STARLITE, can be used in a “stand-on” mode by taking a much smaller laser to the asteroid and slowly deflecting it over a sufficiently long period of time. Here we present orbital simulations for a range of near-Earth asteroid impact scenarios for both the stand-off and stand-on systems. Simulated orbital parameters include asteroid radius and composition, initial engagement time, total laser-on time and total energy delivered to target. The orbital simulations indicate that, for exposures that are less than an orbital time, the thrust required to divert an asteroid is generally inversely proportional to laser-on time, proportional to target mass and proportional to the desired miss distance. We present a detailed stand-on scenario, consistent with current dedicated mission capabilities, to show the potential for laser ablation to allow significant deflection of targets with small systems. As one example we analyze a DE-STARLITE mission scenario that is in the same mass and launch envelope as the proposed Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM) but using a multi kilowatt class laser array capable of deflecting a 325 m diameter asteroid with 2N of thrust for 15 years in a small fraction of even the smallest SLS block 1 launch vehicle configuration.
Attitude Similarity and Attraction An Impression Management Approach

By assuming the existence of a rule, or norm, sanctioning the expression of greater liking for similar others than for dissimilar others, it is possible to use an impression management approach to interpret the experimental research on attitude similarity and attraction. This study examined the ways people utilize such a rule when they are given the incentive to create either a positive or negative impression through their attraction responses. Under positive incentive conditions greater liking was expressed for a similar other but, as predicted under negative incentive conditions, greater liking was expressed for a dissimilar other. The study supported the impression management interpretation and also revealed that subjects attempting to create a positive impression and faced with a dissimilar other used the strategy of "damning with faint praise."
Ultrasound induced degradation of hollow PLGA microcapsules

We have investigated the effect of ultrasound energy on the degradation pattern of hollow PLGA microcapsules. These microcapsules work as ultrasound contrast agents, giving an in vitro acoustic enhancement of up to 25 dB. The dose response at 5 and 10 MHz was compared to the degradation pattern of the polymer capsules at the same two frequencies. Controlling the degradation is especially important with regard to drug-loaded microcapsules.
Intussusception in infants and young children

Abstract Ileocolic intussusception is a common life threatening acute abdominal emergency that typically presents in children between 2 months and 2 years of age when the distal ileum passes into the caecum and colon causing obstruction. Clinical features may include red-rurrent jelly stool and a palpable mass. The diagnosis should always be considdered in unwell young children with abdominal symptoms or collapse. Some can be so ill to be thought to have meningitis and the diagnosis may be missed if bilious aspirates or earlier intestinal symptoms are ignored. Circulatory resuscitation is essential in managing these children. Ultrasound confirms the diagnosis in most and an air enema successfully reduces the bowel in around 80%, the remainder needing surgical reduction and sometimes resection.
A Preliminary Investigation of the Empirical Validity of Study Quality Appraisal

When classifying the evidence base of practices, special education scholars typically appraise study quality to identify and exclude from consideration in their reviews unacceptable-quality studies that are likely biased and might bias review findings if included. However, study quality appraisals used in the process of identifying evidence-based practices for students with learning and other disabilities have not been empirically validated (e.g., studies classified as unacceptable quality shown to have different, and presumably more biased, effects than high-quality studies). Using Gersten et al.’s (2005) approach for appraising the quality of group experimental studies in special education, we examined whether (a) studies classified as unacceptable quality and high quality had meaningfully different effects and (b) unacceptable-quality studies were more likely to have outlying effects than high-quality studies among 36 group experimental studies that investigated the effectiveness of instructional pract...
Advances in antibiotic use: Switch therapy

Abstract New strategies for improving antimicrobial therapy have two primary objectives: improve patient outcome and decrease health care costs. According to the clinical situation, therapeutic use of antimicrobials can be classified as "empiric therapy," "known pathogen therapy," or "switch therapy." In "switch therapy" there is an early transition from intravenous to oral antimicrobial agents to complete the total course of therapy. We have developed a series of criteria for such a transition. If these criteria are met, switch therapy can be safely applied to pulmonary, skin and soft tissue, urinary, and intraabdominal infections. Oral agent selection for switch therapy should be based on appropriate pharmacokinetics and microbiologic activity of the oral agent. We have also compared the economic efficiency of switch therapy in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia with historical controls in patients treated with conventional intravenous therapy. Overall results indicate that switch therapy offers a safe and effective means of decreasing the duration of intravenous therapy and hospitalization. It also appears to reduce health care costs while maintaining a high standard of patient care.
Seasonal Population Dynamics of the Greenhouse Whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Strawberries in Southern California

The greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), has recently become a major insect pest of strawberries in Southern California. The population dynamics of this pest were monitored over 2 yr in six commercial strawberry fields near the coastal communities of Oxnard and Ventura under two crop-production regimes, summer- and fall-planted strawberries. Adult whitefly numbers generally peaked during the February through May period for fall-planted strawberries and during the October through November period for summer-planted strawberries. Population densities varied greatly among fields within each regime and the differences were likely caused by surrounding alternate host crops.
Naive coadaptive cortical control.

The ability to control a prosthetic device directly from the neocortex has been demonstrated in rats, monkeys and humans. Here we investigate whether neural control can be accomplished in situations where (1) subjects have not received prior motor training to control the device (na¨ user) and (2) the neural encoding of movement parameters in the cortex is unknown to the prosthetic device (nacontroller). By adopting a decoding strategy that identifies and focuses on units whose firing rate properties are best suited for control, we show that na¨ subjects mutually adapt to learn control of a neural prosthetic system. Six untrained Long-Evans rats, implanted with silicon micro-electrodes in the motor cortex, learned cortical control of an auditory device without prior motor characterization of the recorded neural ensemble. Single- and multi-unit activities were decoded using a Kalman filter to represent an audio 'cursor' (90 ms tone pips ranging from 250 Hz to 16 kHz) which subjects controlled to match a given target frequency. After each trial, a novel adaptive algorithm trained the decoding filter based on correlations of the firing patterns with expected cursor movement. Each behavioral session consisted of 100 trials and began with randomized decoding weights. Within 7 ± 1.4 (mean ± SD) sessions, all subjects were able to significantly score above chance ( P< 0.05, randomization method) in a fixed target paradigm. Training lasted 24 sessions in which both the behavioral performance and signal to noise ratio of the peri-event histograms increased significantly ( P< 0.01, ANOVA). Two rats continued training on a more complex task using a bilateral, two-target control paradigm. Both subjects were able to significantly discriminate the target tones ( P< 0.05, Z-test), while one subject demonstrated control above chance ( P< 0.05, Z-test) after 12 sessions and continued improvement with many sessions achieving over 90% correct targets. Dynamic analysis of binary trial responses indicated that early learning for this subject occurred during session 6. This study demonstrates that subjects can learn to generate neural control signals that are well suited for use with external devices without prior experience or training.
Lawyers and Localities: The Interaction of Community Context and Professionalism

Most studies of the legal profession, done in metropolitan settings, have indicated that the profession is characterized by deep divisions associated with varying practice patterns, professional status, and orientation. But the sources of division within the bar include more than the specialization and stratification that are typical of the bar in metropolitan settings. Community context also appears to be a source of division. It determines not only the character of a lawyer's cases and clients but also the manner in which practice is conducted. This comparison of practice patterns in Missouri of rural lawyers with those in a middle-sized city (Springfield) revealed that while the small town context protects the bar from the centrifugal forces of stratification found in larger settings, it also has elements that challenge the professional independence of the practitioner. The small town or rural practitioner is very much a part of the local life, and thus local opinion and values have a salience for practice patterns not typical of larger settings. In addition, these rural lawyers are less likely to be engaged exclusively in law practice. Overall, the data suggest that the legal profession is divided not only by specialization and its attendant internal stratification but also by the size and character of the local context. In contrast to the view that the profession is a homogeneous professional subculture, we found that the bar may better be thought of as a rather loose-knit group with tenuous collegial ties whose professionalism is under constant challenge from the community in which law practice occurs.
Reuters: Principles Of Trust Or Propaganda?

This paper examines a sample of fifty news-oriented articles related to the Middle East conflict published on the Reuters proprietary websites across a three month study window. A combination of Ethnographic Content Analysis and primary survey data are employed to identify, code and validate reporting/ethical failures in the articles, i.e., propaganda, logical fallacies, and violations of the Reuters Handbook. Tests are run to measure for 1) shifts in audience attitudes and support for the primary belligerent parties in the Middle East conflict following readings of the sample and, 2) associations between the reporting/ethical failures and audience attitudes/support. Over 1,100 occurrences of reporting/ethical failures across forty-one subcategories are identified and a significant shift in audience attitudes and support following article readings is observed. Significant associations are found between 1) the use of atrocity propaganda and audience favorability/sympathy toward the Arabs/Palestinians; 2) the use of the appeal to pity fallacy and audience favorability/sympathy toward the Arabs/Palestinians; and 3) the use of atrocity propaganda, appeal to pity and appeal to poverty fallacies, and audience motivation to take supportive action on behalf of the Arabs/Palestinians. It is inferred from the evidence that Reuters engages in systematically biased storytelling in favor of the Arabs/Palestinians and is able to influence audience affective behavior and motivate direct action along the same trajectory. This reflects a fundamental failure to uphold the Reuters corporate governance charter and ethical guiding principles.
Emodin inhibits breast cancer growth by modulating the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages (TUM6P.1004)

Infiltration of macrophages into breast tumors is correlated with increased metastasis and decreased patient survival. Activated macrophages display a spectrum of phenotypes, at either end of which are pro-inflammatory/anti-tumor M1 or anti-inflammatory/pro-tumor M2 macrophages. Tumors recruit macrophages to the primary site as well as to pre-metastatic niches, educate them to adopt an M2-like phenotype, and thereby create an immunosuppressive microenvironment. We previously showed that Chinese herb derived compound emodin has the potential to inhibit tumor metastasis by targeting tumor cell-macrophage interactions. Here we tested the ability of emodin to inhibit breast cancer growth in mice and examined the underlying mechanisms. Emodin was used to treat mice bearing EO771 or 4T1 breast tumors. We found that emodin treatment reduced M2-like macrophages in the primary tumors and the lungs, blunted the growth of primary tumors, and attenuated lung metastasis. Further in vitro studies showed that emodin modulates macrophage polarization and function through affecting multiple intracellular signaling pathways as well as through possible regulation of the epigenetic landscape. These results suggest that emodin can be developed as an anti-breast cancer therapy by its virtue of modulating the phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages.
Geophysical Evidence for Silicic Crustal Melt in the Continents: Where, What Kind, and How Much?

The accumulation of sizeable volumes of magma in the upper crust may produce plutons and/or result in supereruptions. Geophysical observations provide constraints on the rates, volumes, and melt distributions in magmatic systems, but they suffer from limited resolution and inherent nonuniqueness. Different, yet complementary, geophysical approaches must be combined with petrological, laboratory, and geochemical measurements. We summarize the results from such a combined approach from the central Andes. Taking a global perspective on large silicic systems reveals that several have >10% partial melt over large areas (10s of km2), and there may be localized zones with 50% or more.
Effects of Preliminary Contacts on Volunteering in Mail Surveys

The effects of preliminary mail and telephone contacts on response rate and volunteer bias were studied. Advance telephone and mail contacts did not lead to significantly different response rates. The advance telephone contact, however, did give rise to volunteer bias: females volunteered significantly less often than male subjects. Preliminary mail contacts and political stance of the subjects were not related to the volunteering. Instead of advance telephone calls, the use of follow-up contacts seems to be preferable.
Rational design of porous coordination polymers based on bis(phosphine)MCl2 complexes that exhibit high-temperature H2 sorption and chemical reactivity.

MCl2 complexes of a new p-carboxylated 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene ligand are effectively utilized as tetratopic building blocks to prepare isostructural porous coordination polymers with accessible reactive metal sites (M = Pd, Pt). The crystalline materials exhibit unusual and fully reversible H2 sorption at 150 °C. Post-synthetic reactivity is also possible, in which Pt–Cl bonds can be activated to provide organometallic species in the pores.
Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay for Rapid Diagnosis of Influenza Virus

Monoclonal antibodies were used to detect influenza A and B in clinical specimens by an indirect immunofluorescence assay using Madden-Darby canine kidney monolayers in shell vials. Twenty-nine influenza virus isolates, including 23 type A and six type B, were detected in conventional tube cell culture at an average time of 4.2 days. Of these isolates, 18 (62%) were detected by indirect immunofluorescence 24 hours after inoculation, and 24 isolates (83%) were detected at 48 hours. Of 30 culture-negative specimens tested, influenza A was detected in one specimen by immunofluorescence. The shell vial assay is useful for rapid detection of influenza types A and B in clinical specimens, and the sensitivity is increased by staining at 48 hours in addition to 24 hours.
Allograft pancreas: pale acinar nodules

Microscopic pale-staining acinar nodules were characterized in native pancreas in the 1980s under a variety of names but have been infrequently reported since. We retrospectively studied the frequency and characteristics of pale acinar nodules in allograft pancreas biopsies, as compared to a sampling of native pancreas specimens at our center. Pale acinar nodules were present in 13% (9/69) of allograft biopsies from 22% (7/32) of transplant patients, and 23% (5/22) of native pancreas surgical specimens, although more nodules per pancreas area were present in allograft needle biopsies. Acinar nodules had size of 100 to 700 μm, were periodic acid-Schiff pale, were synaptophysin negative, stained more weakly with keratin CAM 5.2 compared to surrounding parenchyma, and had a low proliferative rate. Ultrastructural evaluation revealed paucity of zymogen granules with dilated cistern-like structures. In our experience, pale acinar nodules have similar features in allograft and native pancreas specimens, yet remain of uncertain etiology and significance.
Organometallic Chemical Vapor Deposition of Strontium Titanate thin Films

SrTiO3 thin films were deposited by low pressure organometallic chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrates using the volatile metal-organic precursors titanium isopropoxide and Sr(dipivaloylmethanate)2. Oxygen and water vapor were used as reactant gases and argon was used as a carrier gas. Growth rates ranging from 0.6–2.1 μm/hr were obtained at 650–800°C. Polycrystalline films were obtained at growth temperatures of 650–750°C, and amorphous films above 750°C. SrTiO3 films deposited on silicon substrates exhibited resistivities greater than 109 Ω-cm and dielectric constants up to 100.
Oligoclonal bands in unconcentrated CSF. Silver stain for agarose gels.

Agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) and agarose isoelectric focusing (AIEF) were performed on unconcentrated CSF from patients with multiple sclerosis and other neurological disorders. Electrophoretic profiles were examined after staining with silver. Oligoclonal distribution of immunoglobulins were observed in over 90% of patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis and over half of all patients with possible or probable multiple sclerosis. Up to 20 samples could be simultaneously examined and required the use of only 2–20 μL of unconcentrated CSF containing 10–100 ng of total IgG. The entire procedure from sample application to completion of staining required less than 3 h. The techniques offered exquisite resolution of abnormal immunoglobulin bands and permitted distinction of normal from abnormal CSF readily.
Effect of Dietary Cottonseed Meal Concentration on Feedlot Performance and Carcass Characteristics of Cull Beef Cows1

Abstract Cull beef cows (n = 232, initial BW = 450 + 6 kg) stratified by body condition score and number of permanent incisors were used in a randomized complete block design (8 pens/treatment, 9 to 11 cows/pen) to evaluate graded levels of supplemental cottonseed meal during a 57-d feeding period. Basal 92% concentrate diets were formulated to contain 0.9% urea and were based on unprocessed corn. Supplemental cottonseed meal and tallow replaced corn in isocaloric (NEg) test diets formulated to contain dietary CP of 11.5, 13.0, or 14.5% of DM (0, 4, and 8% of diet DM; degradable intake protein = 7.01, 8.52, and 10.02% of diet DM). Cows were adapted to diets by offering a restricted amount of the 92% concentrate diet on d 1, and DMI was gradually increased until ad libitum access was achieved (by d 30). Overall DMI (9.2, 9.3, 9.5 + 0.15 kg/d) increased linearly (P=0.08) as dietary cottonseed meal increased. Live ADG (1.23, 1.24, and 1.36 + 0.07 kg/d) tended to increase linearly (P=0.14), whereas live ADG:DMI (133, 133, and 143 + 7 g/kg), carcass-adjusted ADG (1.27, 1.25, and 1.38 + 0.07 kg/d), and carcass-adjusted ADG:DMI (138, 134, and 145 + 7 g/kg) did not differ (P>0.22) among treatments. Hot carcass weight, fat thickness, longissimus area, internal fat percentage, average yield grade, lean and fat color, and carcass conformation did not differ (P>0.18) among treatments. Carcass maturity and quality-grade distributions were not statistically analyzed because of prior stratification of animals by chronological age. However, overall carcass maturity (includes lean and bone maturity) averaged across treatments was 2.63% A, 4.39% B, 40.79% C, 52.19% D, and 0% E. The distribution of carcass quality grades averaged across treatments was 0.44% Choice, 1.32% Select, 5.70% Standard, 5.70% Commercial, 78.07% Utility, and 8.77% Canner. The incidence of A-, A, or A+ liver abscesses responded quadratically (P=0.07; 13.7, 21.8, and 11.7% for 0, 4, and 8% cottonseed meal, respectively), but liver abscess severity was not analyzed because of limited observations in each category. The incidence of other hepatic defects (distoma, telangiectasis, cirrhosis) did not differ (P=0.24) among treatments. Increasing dietary CP using cottonseed meal increased feed intake and tended to increase live BW gain of feedlot cull beef cows.
A method of HPLC to detemine concent of gastrodin in gastrodin tablet

Objective:To set up a method of HPLC to detemine the concent of gastrodin in gastrodin tablets.Methods:Samples after extraction were detected by HPLC.The sepration was carried out on a C18 column.Methanol-water-H3PO4(5+95+0.05) were used respectively as mobile phases in analyzing gastrodin.The flow rate was 1.0 ml/min.The decetive wavelength was set at 220 nm.Results:The RSD of this method was 4.54% for gastrodin.Detection limit of this method was 4.5ng.The recoveries range of this method was 91.1%~96.6%.Conclusion:This method is simple,rapid and accurate and can be used to determine gastrodin in gastrodin tablets.
Detection and analysis of sulfite residue in white melon seeds

Objective:To detect and analyze sulfite residue in white melon seeds to strengthen the use of sulfites on the management and monitoring of day-to-day.Methods:Large-scale shopping malls,supermarkets,market sales of sulfite residue in white melon seeds of the sample analysis.Results:A total of 55 samples were investigated,the sulfite detection rate of 61.8%,with a pass rate of 61.8%.Conclusion:Sulfates white seeds residue has higher detection rate and a lower passing rate.
Practical Considerations for Analyzing Antigene RNAs (agRNAs): RNA Immunoprecipitation of Argonaute Protein

Target validation for small RNAs in cells can be a confusing task wrought with pitfalls and false leads. One technique for validating in vivo targets of small RNAs is immunoprecipitation of target RNAs using antibodies again the RNAi machinery. Antigene RNAs (agRNAs) regulate transcription in human cells using machinery from the RNAi regulatory pathway - namely argonaute proteins. Here we describe a technique for validating targets of agRNAs using RNA immunoprecipitation with antibodies against human argonaute proteins. This technique can be used to detect interactions of argonaute proteins in the cell nucleus with their targets, lowly expressed noncoding RNA transcripts.
Simultaneous Multiphoton Processes in the Interaction of Atoms with Electromagnetic Fields

It is impossible to obtain an exact description of multiphoton processes in the interaction of electromagnetic fields with atomic systems. Approximate approaches must be used to describe the physically different effects that can occur. One effect is the stepwise absorption/emission of many photons by a N-level system that evolves dynamically in between each absorption/emission. The exact solution for this non-adiabatic process has been presented in many papers.1’2,3 A different physical effect is described in the theories of Raman processes where the simultaneous absorption/emission of many photons is considered. These calculations involve summing over all possible arrangements of multiple photon interactions neglecting the time evolution of the system in between each absorption.4 The resulting adiabatic theory has been successful in explaining many features of Raman scattering.
Smoothing spline analysis of variance models: A new tool for the analysis of cyclic biomechanical data

Cyclic biomechanical data are commonplace in orthopedic, rehabilitation, and sports research, where the goal is to understand and compare biomechanical differences between experimental conditions and/or subject populations. A common approach to analyzing cyclic biomechanical data involves averaging the biomechanical signals across cycle replications, and then comparing mean differences at specific points of the cycle. This pointwise analysis approach ignores the functional nature of the data, which can hinder one׳s ability to find subtle differences between experimental conditions and/or subject populations. To overcome this limitation, we propose using mixed-effects smoothing spline analysis of variance (SSANOVA) to analyze differences in cyclic biomechanical data. The SSANOVA framework makes it possible to decompose the estimated function into the portion that is common across groups (i.e., the average cycle, AC) and the portion that differs across groups (i.e., the contrast cycle, CC). By partitioning the signal in such a manner, we can obtain estimates of the CC differences (CCDs), which are the functions directly describing group differences in the cyclic biomechanical data. Using both simulated and experimental data, we illustrate the benefits of using SSANOVA models to analyze differences in noisy biomechanical (gait) signals collected from multiple locations (joints) of subjects participating in different experimental conditions. Using Bayesian confidence intervals, the SSANOVA results can be used in clinical and research settings to reliably quantify biomechanical differences between experimental conditions and/or subject populations.
Phase II trial of RAD001 plus carboplatin in patients with triple-negative metastatic breast cancer.

293 Background: RAD001 is an oral mTOR inhibitor that has exhibited activity in breast cancer. Triple negative breast cancer cells are unable to repair double stranded DNA breaks and hence have sensitivity to platinum agents that cause interstrand cross-links. Rapamycin acts synergistically with platinum agents to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation in at least two different breast cancer cell lines (including ER/PR negative cell lines). We propose that combination RAD001 and carboplatin may have activity in triple-negative breast cancer. Methods: The primary objective of the study is to determine clinical benefit (complete remission; CR, partial remission; PR and stable disease; SD) and the toxicity of this combination in women with triple negative metastatic breast cancer who had received 0-3 prior chemotherapy regimens for metastatic disease. Prior carboplatin was allowed. Women with treated brain metastasis were eligible. Secondary objectives were to determine progression free survival. Accordi...
Plant Species Diversity, Drought, and a Grazing System on the Arizona Strip

On the Ground Maintaining plant diversity under livestock grazing and long droughts is a challenge in arid rangelands. Maintaining the plant diversity can and has been done through rotation grazing and movement of cattle from pasture to pasture at a trigger point. The trigger point is utilization levels of between 40% and 50% of annual growth of forage plants.
Misclassification of incident hospitalized and outpatient heart failure in administrative claims data: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.

Purpose The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the length of the look-back period on misclassification of heart failure (HF) incidence in Medicare claims available for participants of a population-based cohort. Methods Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants with ≥3 years of continuous fee-for-service Medicare enrollment from 2000 to 2012 was assigned an index date 36 months after enrollment separating the time-in-observation period into the look-back and the incidence periods. Incident HF events were identified using ICD-9-CM code algorithms as the first observed hospitalization claim or the second of two HF outpatient claims occurring within 12 months. Using 36 months as a referent, the look-back period was reduced by 6-month increments. For each look-back period, we calculated the incidence rate, percent of prevalent HF events misclassified as incident, and loss in sample size. Results We identified 9568 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities participants at risk for HF. For hospitalized and outpatient HF, the number of events misclassified as incident increased, and the total number of incident events decreased with increased length of the look-back period. The incident rate (per 1000 person years) decreased with increased length of the look-back period from 6 to 36 months and had a greater impact on outpatient HF; for example, from 11.2 to 10.6 for ICD-9-CM 428.xx hospitalization in the primary position and 10.5 to 7.9 for outpatient HF. Conclusion Our estimates can be used to optimize trade-offs between the degree of misclassification and number of events in the estimation of incident HF from administrative claims data, as pertinent to different study questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Calibrating Innovation Proxies with an Accurate Tobin’s Q and Appraised Innovation Value

Researchers have used patent counts, citation weighted patent counts, as well as research and development spending to measure innovation with, at times, conflicting results. We benchmark the validity of these innovation proxies using a novel data set of appraised tangible and intangible assets. This new approach enables the correct replacement cost specification for Tobin’s Q and provides an appraisal of innovation assets. Additionally, we include trademarks as a new proxy to capture un-patentable and undisclosed innovation. We find that two innovation proxies, the market response to new patents and trademark counts, are both significant and consistent predictors of a corrected Tobin’s Q and the value of innovation assets. However, our results indicate that three other proxies — patent count, citation-weighted patent count, and research and development expenditure — are not robust measures for capturing innovation.
Kinetics of Protein Degradation and Physical Changes in Thermally Processed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

Protein denaturation is the main reason for physicochemical changes in muscle foods during thermal processing. The purpose of this study was to understand the kinetics of quality degradation and protein denaturation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) during thermal pasteurization. Findings indicate that cook loss, area shrinkage, and protein denaturation parameters (both dielectric loss and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies) were best fitted to a first-order reaction. In addition, color parameters followed zero-order kinetics. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results showed that increasing heating time and temperature reduced the α-helix peak, indicating protein denaturation. At the same time, the β-sheet peak intensity increased, which is related to protein aggregation. Correlation loading plots from FTIR spectra showed that protein denaturation was dominant below 75 °C. Above this transition temperature, protein denaturation occurred rapidly and protein aggregation became more obvious. The dielectric properties in cooked salmon at different times and temperature increased with increasing heating time and temperature, while penetration depth decreased significantly (P < 0.05). The kinetics of protein denaturation from DSC showed that the activation energy of 300.6 kJ/mol and k 0 was 1.1 × 1042 min−1. Our findings on kinetic data from protein denaturation and physical changes may be used to improve the processing schedule in the production of safe, high-quality pasteurized salmon.
A numerical study of NOx and soot emissions in methane/n-heptane triple flames

Abstract There is significant interest worldwide in using cleaner/renewable fuels, such as syngas and biogas, in transportation and power generation systems. We report herein a computational study to investigate NOx and soot emissions in n-heptane/methane triple flames in an opposed-jet configuration. The objective is to evaluate various fuel injection scenarios in a dual-fuel engine using a simple configuration to emulate important aspects of diesel combustion. Simulations are performed by combining a detailed fuel and NOx chemistry model with a soot model. Three blending strategies are examined. For each strategy, NOx, PAH and soot emissions, and thermal efficiency are characterized by varying the energy content between the two fuels, while keeping the total energy input rate fixed. As methane in the blend is increased, the benzene emission index and soot emission decrease with all three strategies, but the reduction is more pronounced with strategies 2 and 3. In addition, it leads to higher efficiency with strategies 2 and 3, but lower efficiency with strategy 1. Thus strategy #1 yields higher NOx, PAH and soot emissions, and lower efficiency compared to other two strategies, and is not recommended.