cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Outcome Measurement in Medical Rehabilitation

The Uniform Data System for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSmr) provides a method for uniform assessment of the severity of patient disability and the outcomes of medical rehabilitative care. The effectiveness and efficiency of medical rehabilitation services may be analyzed using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the functional assessment component of the UDS, and other data. Program evaluation models based on the UDSMR and the FIM are useful for measuring resource cost of disability.
A Report on the First Native Language Identification Shared Task

Native Language Identification (NLI) is the task of automatically identifying the native language (L1) of an individual based on their language production in a learned language. It is typically framed as a classification task where the set of L1s is known a priori. Two previous shared tasks on NLI have been organized where the aim was to identify the L1 of learners of English based on essays (2013) and spoken responses (2016) they provided during a standardized assessment of academic English proficiency. The 2017 shared task combines the inputs from the two prior tasks for the first time. There are three tracks: NLI on the essay only, NLI on the spoken response only (based on a transcription of the response and i-vector acoustic features), and NLI using both responses. We believe this makes for a more interesting shared task while building on the methods and results from the previous two shared tasks. In this paper, we report the results of the shared task. A total of 19 teams competed across the three different sub-tasks. The fusion track showed that combining the written and spoken responses provides a large boost in prediction accuracy. Multiple classifier systems (e.g. ensembles and meta-classifiers) were the most effective in all tasks, with most based on traditional classifiers (e.g. SVMs) with lexical/syntactic features.
Rare And Endangered Vascular Plants OfNorth Carolina's Outer Banks, EmeraldIsland To Virginia; A Case For ConservationAnd Preservation

The vascular flora of the Outer Banks, Emerald Island to Virginia, consists of 806 species within the 422 genera and 140 families. Eighteen species occurring on the Outer Banks are listed as rare or endangered in North Carolina. Amaranthus pumilus is listed as federally threatened. This number of rare plant species is one of the highest for any area of equal size in North Carolina. Species of foreign origin, though numerous in the flora, are nonetheless only a minor component of the natural vegetation.
The Sanitary Arts: Aesthetic Culture and the Victorian Cleanliness Campaigns

“To get your country clean, and your people lovely; --I assure you, that is a necessary work of art to begin with,” insisted Ruskin in 1870 (“The Relation of Art to Use,” Cleere 43). Though we well...
Constructive Function Approximation

The problem of automatically constructing features for use in a learned evaluation function is visited. Issues of feature overlap, independence, and coverage are addressed. Three algorithms are applied to two tasks, measuring the error in the approximated function as learning proceeds. The issues are discussed in the context of their apparent effects on the function approximation process.
Ruptura del consenso socialdemócrata y crisis del modelo de Estado

The “social–democratic consensus” reached after World War Two installed the model of the Social State in the developed western world. The concept of the “Social State of Well–Being” was elaborated by Hermann Heller in reaction to the crisis of the liberal State. The model of the Social State and the consensus that upheld it began to enter into crisis after the 70’s when the economic growth of the previous decades diminished. Since then, amidst wide criticisms of neoliberalism, this model began to disintegrate. The consequences have been a less cohesive society, the inhibition of the State in the economic sector and the destruction of the bases of our political–constitutional system. Since the inequality generated by neoliberalism ends up provoking social conflicts, it is necessary to seek alternatives that will lead to new types of consensus.
Three-Coordinate NiII: Tracing the Origin of an Unusual, Facile Si−C(sp3) Bond Cleavage in [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N]Ni+

All attempts to synthesize (PNP)Ni(OTf) form instead (tBu2PCH2SiMe2NSiMe2OTf)Ni(CH2PtBu2). Abstraction of F− from (PNP)NiF by even a catalytic amount of BF3 causes rearrangement of the (transient) (PNP)Ni+ to analogous ring-opened [(tBu2PCH2SiMe2NSiMe2F)]Ni(CH2PtBu2). Abstraction of Cl− from (PNP)NiCl with NaB(C6H3(CF3)2)4 in CH2Cl2 or C6H5F gives (PNP)NiB(C6H3(CF3)2)4, the key intermediate in these reactions is (PNP)Ni+, [(PNP)Ni]+, in which one Si−C bond (together with N and two P) donates to Ni. This makes this Si−C bond subject to nucleophilic attack by F−, triflate, and alkoxide/ether (from THF). This σSi−C complex binds CO in the time of mixing and also binds chloride, both at nickel. Evidence is offered of a “self-healing” process, where the broken Si−C bond can be reformed in an equilibrium process. (PNP)Ni+ reacts rapidly with H2 to give (PN(H)P)NiH+, which can be deprotonated to form (PNP)NiH. A variety of nucleophilic attacks (and THF polymerization) on the coordinated Si−C bond are envisioned ...
U.S. Prosecution of State and Local Officials for Political Corruption: Is the Bureaucracy Out of Control in a High-Stakes Operation Involving the Constitutional System?

Perhaps the most serious and disabling federal intrusion of recent years into the independent political status of state and local governments has been actions by the U.S. government to prosecute elected state and local officials and their close associates for local political corruption. In 1986 U.S. Attorneys in New York, Boston, District of Columbia, Pennsylvania, and elsewhere pursued such investigations and prosecutions with unusual vigor. These activities have a recent genesis-since 1974-and they are basically unauthorized, in important respects out of control, and overall questionable in terms of the federal nature of our constitutional system. These findings are supported by data from the Public Integrity Section of the Criminal Division and the Office for U.S. Attorneys, both in the Department of Justice, and by opinions of U.S. courts, legislative histories of bills and statutes, and sources on criminal law and political corruption.
Activity in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) as a function of acclimation and thermal environment

The activity of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated at 12° C was compared to that of trout acclimated at 22° C over a 15-min exposure to each of four thermal environments (12°, 17°, 22°, and 27°C). Activity increased with increases in environmental temperature, and trout acclimated at 12°C were significantly more active than those acclimated at 22° C. The results suggested that increases in environmental temperature may be aversive and that subsequent activity due to thermal increases may be part of an avoidance or escape mechanism.
The Meaning of Weight: A Big Way of Life for Rural Mexican-American Adolescent Men and Caregivers.

Objective To describe the meaning of body weight among rural Mexican-American adolescents (RMAA) and an influential person (IP) of their social network. Design and Sample This is qualitative descriptive study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit RMAA seeking care at a rural primary care-based clinic. Content analysis was used to identify categories and subcategories. Fifteen male adolescents and 14 IPs were interviewed (n = 29). Measures Individual interviews were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results Participants described body weight through family norms, body size, and history of heart disease or diabetes. Cultural scripts were used to describe weight gain, judgment of size, and resource limitations. Conclusions Health care providers must evaluate cultural scripts associated with body size to develop interventions that are derived from the meaning ascribed to weight status rather than simply based on evidence-based standards. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01387646
Capitalists, Workers and Thomas Piketty's Capital in the 21st Century

ABSTRACTThis paper interprets Piketty's influential work through the lens of structuralist macroeconomic theory, which is a synthesis of the classical, Marxian and Keynesian traditions. It shows that Piketty's key inequality, (the rate of profit is greater than the rate of growth) measures the influence of capitalist consumption on capital accumulation in the context of a growth model with capitalists and workers in the tradition of Nicholas Kaldor and Luigi Pasinetti. The paper shows how in the structuralist model the connections Piketty makes between growth and inequality become more transparent and less confusing than they are in the neoclassical theory he resorts to using. The paper also examines his data with emphasis on two central paradoxes of neoliberalism: with all the upward redistribution of income, there is surprisingly little concentration of the wealth distribution; and with a higher profit rate, there has been no corresponding increase in growth. The hypothesis suggested by structuralist gr...
Active assist device for simultaneous reduction of heat and vibration in precision scanning stages

Abstract Scanning stages are used for precise positioning in a variety of advanced manufacturing processes, and must deliver high accelerations/decelerations at motion reversals to achieve high throughput. The resulting inertial forces cause excessive motor heating and residual vibration of the stage, both of which must be mitigated to preserve positioning accuracy. A novel scanning stage, having a permanent magnet based device that actively provides assist forces to the motor to simultaneously reduce motor heating and residual vibration, is presented. The active assist device is optimally designed to be versatile, allowing it to provide adequate assist for scan trajectories involving the widest range of scan strokes/positions. A basis–spline-based method is proposed for optimal control of the device, to maximize the assist it provides for scan trajectories with varying scan strokes/positions. Experiments conducted with a prototype stage involving scanning trajectories commonly employed in silicon wafer processing are used to demonstrate up to 60% and 34% reductions in heat and vibration-induced errors, respectively, when compared to cases without the proposed active assist device.
The role of paclitaxel in the treatment of head and neck cancer

Current chemotherapeutic approaches to recurrent head and neck cancer have routinely yielded response rates of 10% to 30% (for single agents) and 30% to 50% (for combination chemotherapy). However, median survival times for patients with metastatic and/or recurrent disease have stagnated at around 6 months since the 1970s. The investigation of new drugs and treatment approaches thus continues to be a high priority. One such agent, paclitaxel (Taxol; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, NJ), has shown good single-agent activity and is also believed to potentiate the effects of radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer. We have focused on the addition of paclitaxel to the previously established combination of 5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea, and radiation therapy. The study goals are to establish the maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel when added to this combination as a 5-day continuous infusion on a biweekly schedule. Preliminary results of this ongoing study have demonstrated activity in patients with poor-prognosis head and neck cancer. Major dose-limiting toxicities have consisted of neutropenia and mucositis, and definition of a recommended phase II dose is in progress.
A missense mutation in the beta myosin heavy chain gene is a predictor of premature sudden death in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Background Familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHCM) is an autosomal dominant disease with protean clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to that of severe heart failure or sudden death. There is no known parameter in individuals with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) that predicts a specific clinical event. This is particularly troublesome for premature sudden death that frequently occurs in young athletes without prior symptoms. Recent identification of mutations in the beta myosin heavy chain (beta MHC) gene that co-segregate with the inheritance of the disease provides an opportunity to determine whether certain mutations are more likely to induce a particular clinical event. In this study we analyzed the genotype and phenotype of individuals from two unrelated families with HCM in which the affected individuals have the same missense mutation in exon 13 (G1208A) of the coding sequence for beta MHC. Methods Individuals from two unrelated families with the diagnosis of FHCM were screened by history, physical examination, electrocardiography, and two dimensional echocardiography. After extraction of DNA from the blood of these individuals, the exon 13 of the beta MHC gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the PCR product was digested with Ddel restriction endonuclease. The digestion products were separated by gel electrophoresis and identified by ethidium bromide staining. Results We studied 54 individuals from the two families, 21 were affected with HCM of which eleven died prematurely, eight from sudden cardiac death. While most of the nine affected individuals studied had septal hypertrophy, three had concentric hypertrophy and six, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Onset of symptoms was in the second decade of life. Electrophoretic separation of the digested DNA (exon 13) from unaffected individuals provided two fragments of 84 and 70 bp in size, as expected. In contrast, DNA from individuals affected with HCM showed four fragments of 84 bp, 70 bp, 52 bp and 32 bp indicating they inherited the mutation. In only one 10 year old male was the mutation present without evidence of HCM which gives an overall penetrance of 86%. Conclusions The missense mutation in exon 13 of the beta MHC gene in individuals with FHCM is associated with high penetrance, highly variable expressivity, severe disease, early in onset and a high incidence of premature sudden death. Based on these results we recommend individuals from families with HCM be screened for this missense mutation and if positive, be counselled to avoid combative sports, as it is these activities that often precipitate sudden death.
Basics of DNA Biology and Genetics

The chapter presents basic DNA principles such as base pairing and hybridization of DNA strands; chromosomes, genes, and DNA markers; nomenclature for DNA markers; and designating physical chromosome locations. Within the nucleus of the cells is a chemical substance known as DNA that contains the informational code for replicating the cell and constructing the needed proteins. Nucleic acids, including DNA, are composed of nucleotide units that are made up of three parts: a nucleobase, a sugar, and a phosphate. The DNA alphabet is composed of only four characters representing the four nucleobases: A (adenine), T (thymine), C (cytosine), and G (guanine). New genomic information provides a better understanding of human variation as more and more human genome sequences are completed and compared to one another. Variable regions of the human genome provide the capability to use DNA information for human identity purposes. Methods have been developed to locate and characterize this genetic variation at specific sites in the human genome. DNA variation is exhibited in the form of different alleles, or various possibilities at a particular locus. Two primary forms of variation are possible at the DNA level: sequence polymorphisms and length polymorphisms. Primary approaches for performing DNA typing can be classified into restriction fragment length polymorphism methods and polymerase chain reaction-based methods. Some of the characteristics of these techniques are compared in the chapter. The chapter also presents introductory genetic principles—namely, laws of Mendelian genetics; Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium and linkage equilibrium; relationship between allele frequency and genotype frequency; and Genetic pedigrees—a method to represent inheritance in families.
Gluten Sensitivity and Neurological Illness

The frequency of IgG and IgA antigliadin antibodies, a measure of cryptic gluten sensitivity, and celiac disease was studied using ELISA in 147 adult patients admitted to the Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK, for neurologic investigation.
Reform or Repression: Organizing America's Anti-Union Movement

Chad Pearson's book provides an alternative perspective on the growth of the anti-union movement in the US. Through studying employers' associations and civic organizations, the author argues that ...
Accounting Devices and Fiscal Illusions

This proposed SDN surveys the various accounting stratagems which governments have used to meet fiscal targetsâthereby sidestepping the need for true adjustmentâand suggests remedial actions to limit this type of fiscal non-transparency. Types of creative accounting covered includes, for instance, currency swaps to hide a debt build-up (as in Greece in 2001â07), sale and leaseback of government property (for example, in the United States), assumption of long-term pension obligations in exchange for short-term revenue (Argentina, Hungary, and other Eastern European countries), use of public-private partnerships to defer the recognition of investment spending (for instance, Portugal), and reliance on non-cash compensation (such as pension rights) to reduce measured wage bills (in the United States, United Kingdom, etc.) As is evident from the examples given, these fiscal tricks have recently come under increased international scrutiny, highlighting the importance of good fiscal reporting, accounting, and transparency in general, for avoiding unpleasant surprises, ensuring government accountability, and containing fiscal vulnerabilities.
Magnesiate Addition/Ring-Expansion Strategy To Access the 6-7-6 Tricyclic Core of Hetisine-Type C20-Diterpenoid Alkaloids.

A synthetic strategy to access the fused 6–7–6 tricyclic core of hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloids is reported. This strategy employs a Diels–Alder cycloaddition to assemble a fused bicyclic anhydride intermediate, which is elaborated to a vinyl lactone-acetal bearing an aromatic ring in five steps. Aromatic iodination is followed by magnesium–halogen exchange with a trialkyl magnesiate species, which undergoes intramolecular cyclization. Subsequent oxidation provides the desired 6–7–6 tricyclic diketoaldehyde, with carbonyl groups at all three positions for eventual C–N bond formation and subsequent elaboration.
Vacuum Infusion Process Development for Conformal Ablative Thermal Protection System Materials

Conformal ablators are low density composite materials comprised of a flexible carbon felt based fibrous substrate and a high surface area phenolic matrix. These materials are fabricated to near net shape by molding the substrate, placing in a rigid matched mold and infusing with liquid resin through a vacuum assisted process. The open mold process, originally developed for older rigid substrate ablators, such as PICA, wastes a substantial amount of resin. In this work, a vacuum infusion process a type of liquid composite molding where resin is directly injected into a closed mold under vacuum is advanced for conformal ablators. The process reduces waste over the state-of-the-art technique. Small, flat samples of Conformal Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator are infused using the new approach and subjected to a range of curing configurations and conditions. Resulting materials are inspected for quality and compared to material produced using the standard process. Lessons learned inform subsequent plans for process scale up.
Combination of a novel HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-241 and anti-PD-L1 antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity and cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma.

Combination of a novel HDAC6 inhibitor ACY-241 and anti-PD-L1 antibody enhances anti-tumor immunity and cytotoxicity in multiple myeloma
The Impact of Chemotherapy and Its Timing on Survival in Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Treated With Complete Debulking

The current standard of treatment for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is cytoreductive surgery when the disease distribution is favorable. The role of chemotherapy, as an adjunct to surgery, remains unclear. The national database of mesothelioma was used to identify MPM patients who were treated with curative intent. Patients were divided into treatment groups: (1) chemotherapy only, (2) surgery only, (3) neoadjuvant chemotherapy + surgery, and (4) surgery + adjuvant chemotherapy. A negative control group of patients who did not receive any treatment was added (group 0). Totally, 1740 patients were included. Mean age was 63.04 ± 14.58 and 60.7% were males. The patients’ distribution into the treatment groups was 604, 684, 169, 55, and 228 patients in groups 0–4, respectively, with a median survival of 3.61 ± 0.37, 11.10 ± 0.73, 57.41 ± 11.91, 52.30 ± 7.20, and 55.00 ± 9.19 months. The addition of chemotherapy, in any setting, to surgery provided an improved survival at 1 year (p = 0.006). This survival benefit ceased at the 2-, 3-, and 5-year checkpoints. The multivariate analysis identified age, sarcomatoid/biphasic histologies, nodal and distant metastasis, and offering no treatment or chemotherapy only as poor prognostic factors for overall survival. No difference in overall survival was noted with the addition of chemotherapy to complete debulking regardless of the timing. Complete debulking remains the standard treatment for MPM. The addition of systemic chemotherapy provides a short-term survival improvement at 1 year only and was similar whether given in the neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. Nevertheless, it did not add a survival benefit beyond the 1-year time point.
A refutation of a refutation of universal grammar

Abstract Lin (2017) aims to provide a refutation of universal grammar on methodological grounds, claiming that the method itself makes it impossible to discover any innate linguistic universals. In this paper, I show that this claim is overstated and that upon closer inspection, it merely points out the inductive nature of the empirical sciences. Assuming that the empirical sciences are not invalidated on methodological grounds by Lin's arguments, neither is the search for universal grammar.
Comment on Peterson and Selvin

Mark Peterson's and Molly Selvin's interesting article, Mass Justice: The Limited and Unlimited Power of Courts,1 deals with the role of courts as participants in the resolution of mass tort cases. Peterson and Selvin claim, in particular, that courts have interests in aggregating litigation, in part because judges wish to reduce the boredom and the imposition on their calendars that they would face if forced to adjudicate individually large numbers of similar claims such as those involving asbestos and Bendectin. "Faced with mass tort litigation," they write, "judges are not simply neutral arbiters; rather, they have strong personal incentives to speed the judicial process, save costs and labor, and reduce redundancy."2 There is an obvious logic to their analysis, and the topic they have chosen is important and well deserving of their attention. Here, I wish merely to note a few reservations about this article with which I, on the whole, largely agree. My reservations stem from my suspicion that the issue of judicial interest in aggregation is a bit more complicated than Peterson and Selvin let on. First, generalizing about judges may be as treacherous as generalizing about the parties to the litigation. Peterson and Selvin are aware, of course, that not all plaintiffs think alike, and neither do all defendants.3 There may be situations in which delay is advantageous to a defendant, but in other situations it may be the plaintiff who profits from postponing resolution. It all depends on the circumstances of the particular case. What is true of delay is also true of aggregation: it all depends on the circumstances. Sometimes defendants favor aggregation, and sometimes they oppose it. One might expect that it would be the same with judges. Yet the article does not address how judges' preferences might depend on the circumstances, sometimes seeming to assume instead that judges invariably prefer aggregation.4 Naturally enough, this is not the case. I know of at least one instance in which a trial judge actively attempted to disaggregate a large case into its component parts. The case was a dispute over insurance coverage of toxic
Molecular dynamics modeling framework for overcoming nanoshape retention limits of imprint lithography.

Complex nanoshaped structures (nanoshape structures here are defined as shapes enabled by sharp corners with radius of curvature <5 nm) have been shown to enable emerging nanoscale applications in energy, electronics, optics, and medicine. This nanoshaped fabrication at high throughput is well beyond the capabilities of advanced optical lithography. While the highest-resolution e-beam processes (Gaussian beam tools with non-chemically amplified resists) can achieve <5 nm resolution, this is only available at very low throughputs. Large-area e-beam processes, needed for photomasks and imprint templates, are limited to ~18 nm half-pitch lines and spaces and ~20 nm half-pitch hole patterns. Using nanoimprint lithography, we have previously demonstrated the ability to fabricate precise diamond-like nanoshapes with ~3 nm radius corners over large areas. An exemplary shaped silicon nanowire ultracapacitor device was fabricated with these nanoshaped structures, wherein the half-pitch was 100 nm. The device significantly exceeded standard nanowire capacitor performance (by 90%) due to relative increase in surface area per unit projected area, enabled by the nanoshape. Going beyond the previous work, in this paper we explore the scaling of these nanoshaped structures to 10 nm half-pitch and below. At these scales a new “shape retention” resolution limit is observed due to polymer relaxation in imprint resists, which cannot be predicted with a linear elastic continuum model. An all-atom molecular dynamics model of the nanoshape structure was developed here to study this shape retention phenomenon and accurately predict the polymer relaxation. The atomistic framework is an essential modeling and design tool to extend the capability of imprint lithography to sub-10 nm nanoshapes. This framework has been used here to propose process refinements that maximize shape retention, and design template assist features (design for nanoshape retention) to achieve targeted nanoshapes. A molecular dynamics (MD) model was developed to capture the shape retention behavior of polymers at the nanometer scale. Complex nanoshape (nanometer-scale) structures facilitate the development of applications in a great diversity of fields. However, even the best e-beam lithography processes achieve resolutions of only around 20 nm with long range order over large areas at low processing rates. A team comprised of A. Cherala and S.V. Sreenivasan of the University of Texas was able to extend the capability of imprint lithography to nanoshapes under 10 nm. The team believes that these sophisticated models allow compensation of parasitic behavior in polymers, thereby enabling shape retention for desired nanoshape structures.
Factors Associated With a Discretionary Upper-Extremity Surgery.

Purpose Surgery for nontraumatic upper-extremity problems is largely discretionary and preference-sensitive. Psychological and social determinants of health correlate with greater symptoms and limitations and might be associated with discretionary operative treatment. Methods We used routinely collected patient-reported outcome measures from patients with de Quervain tendinopathy , ganglion cyst , trapeziometacarpal arthritis, trigger digit, and carpal tunnel syndrome to study factors associated with discretionary surgery using multiple logistic regression . Patients completed a measure of the magnitude of physical limitations (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System [PROMIS] Physical Function Computerized Adaptive Test [CAT]), a measure of the degree to which a person limits activities owing to pain (PROMIS Pain Interference CAT), and a measure of symptoms of depression (PROMIS Depression CAT) at every office visit. Results Higher PROMIS Pain Interference score, diagnoses of carpal tunnel syndrome, and treatment by teams 3, 4, or 5 were independently associated with discretionary operative treatment. Conclusions People with a greater tendency to limit activity owing to pain are more likely to choose discretionary surgery. Clinical relevance Interventions that help people remain active despite pain by addressing the psychological and social determinants of health might affect the rate of discretionary surgery.
Vasectomy for prevention of epididymitis in prostatic surgery

A PRESENTATION ofthe method and resuIts obtained by partia1 vasectomy in the prevention of epididymitis in prostatic surgery seems opportune at this time for two reasons: (I) Epididymitis is an unpIeasant and often serious complication in the preoperative and postoperative course of the prostatic patient; and (2) There has been a reviva1 of interest in the incidence of postoperative epididymitis as a resuIt of the reIativeIy frequent occurrence foIIowing the transprethra1 method of treatment of prostatic obstruction in non-vasectomized patients. Statistics show a marked variance in the incidence of pre and postoperative epididymitis in prostatic patients who have not been treated by preIiminary vasoIigation or vasectomy. In various uroIogica1 cIinics the percentage of compIicating epididymitis in the non-vasectomized patients ranged from 6 per cent (Rathbun) to 82 per cent (White). In 1930 Crabtree and Brodney coIIected 1624 prostatectomies performed without vasoIigation or vasectomy (excIuding the series reported by Rathbun and White) and found that the average incidence of epididymitis occurring during the period of hospitaIization was 21.6 per cent. Crockett and Washburn studied the progress of the prostatic patient after discharge from the hospita1 and found that in a series of IOO cases there were 16 of epididymitis (13 uniIatera1; I biIatera1; 2 with abscess formation). The consensus of opinion is. that the incidence is greater after the suprapubic than the perinea1 operation. Aschner reviewed a series of 277 prostatectomies and observed that the incidence of postoperative epididymitis was greater in the two stage suprapubic prostatectomy (I 5 per cent) than the one stage operation (I o per cent). The incidence of preoperative epididymitis in the two stage operation was 5 per cent thus making a tota of 20 per cent for the two stage prostatectomy. In a series of 50 suprapubic prostatectomies, White did not encounter a singIe case of postoperative epididymitis foIIowing the two stage operation, whereas epididymitis occurred in 86 per cent of the cases where a one stage operation was empIoyed. In this series of I049 perinea1 prostatectomies, Yound found that 20 per cent deveIoped an epididymitis. It is generaIIy accepted that epididymitis occurs Iess frequently after transurethra1 resection of prostate than after suprapubic or perinea1 operation. The incidence of epididymitis foIIowing the various transurethra1 methods of treatment of prostatic obstruction varies from 3 to I I per cent with an average of about 6 per cent. In 1928 CoIIings reported two cases of epididymitis foIlowing eIectrotome excision of the prostatic bar in 30 cases, an incidence of 6.6 per cent. EngeI reviewed 64 cases of transurethra1 operation for reIief of bIadder neck obstruction treated by CauIk’s method (48 cases) and SternDavis method (I 6 cases) and found 4 cases of epididymitis (6. I per cent). Haines observed 7 cases of epididymitis in a series of 27 prostatic resections (25.5 per cent) and in a series of Ig cases Dorman
Monte Carlo Simulation of Low-Dimensional Nanostructures

Features unique to low dimensional systems can be exploited to make Monte Carlo simulations of nanostructures more efficient than bulk methods. Systems near the extreme quantum limit (EQL) are adequately modeled with a few subbands thereby allowing scattering rates to be fully stored in tabular form. For systems away from the EQL, memory constraints prohibit storage of all the scattering rates so the final state selection parameters are computed on-line between flights. We use the latter method to investigate intersubband scattering effects in a 20-subband quasi-1D structure.
Differences in proteome response to cold acclimation in Zoysia japonica cultivars with different levels of freeze tolerance

ABSTRACT Zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) are warm season turfgrasses primarily grown in the southern and transition zones of the United States. An understanding of the physiological changes that zoysiagrasses undergo during cold acclimation may shed light on physiological phenotypic traits useful in selection of freeze tolerant genotypes. We investigated the relationship between cold acclimation, protein expression, and freeze tolerance in cold-acclimated (CA) and non-acclimated (NCA) plants of Zoysia japonica Steud. cultivars ‘Meyer’ (freeze-tolerant) and ‘Victoria’ (freeze-susceptible). Freeze tolerance was assessed using chambers reaching −6, −8, −10, and −12°C. Additionally, meristematic tissues from the grass crowns of ‘Meyer’ and ‘Victoria’ were harvested for proteomic analysis after a four week cold acclimation period. Freeze testing indicated that cold acclimation accounted for a 1.9-fold increase in plant survival compared to the non-acclimation treatment. Overall, proteomic analysis identified 62 protein spots having at least a twofold change in abundance under cold acclimation. Nine and 22 unique protein spots were identified for Meyer and Victoria, respectively, with increased abundance (up-regulated) or decreased abundance (down-regulated). In addition, 23 shared protein spots were found among the two cultivars having differential expression in response to cold acclimation. In Meyer, protein response to cold acclimation was primarily upregulated, while in Victoria, protein response was primarily downregulated. These cold acclimation responsive proteins were found to be involved primarily in transcription, metabolism, protein destination and storage, and energy production. As identified through MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry followed matching of protein homologues against the NCBI Arabidopsis database, major proteins of interest for their association with cold acclimation were LEA 3, MAPK, SOD, GAST1, Phytochrome A, ATP synthase, AGP, PLD, and PSII. Further investigation of these proteins and their functional categories may contribute to increase our understanding of the differences in freezing tolerance among zoysiagrass germplasm.
Reported light in the sleep environment: enhancement of the sleep diary.

Author(s): Harrison, Elizabeth M; Yablonsky, Abigail M; Powell, Alexandra L; Ancoli-Israel, Sonia; Glickman, Gena L | Abstract: BackgroundLight is the primary synchronizing cue for the circadian timing system, capable of exerting robust physiological effects, even with very dim and/or brief photic exposure. Mammals, including humans, are particularly susceptible to light at night. As such, measures of light in the sleeping environment are critical for evaluating sleep health. Sleep diaries provide inexpensive measures of sleep, but do not typically include light information.MethodsFour questions probing visual perception of light in the bedtime and waking environments were added to the Consensus Sleep Diary for Morning administration. As part of a lighting intervention study, 18 hospital Labor and Delivery Department personnel completed the sleep diary for 1 week in each of two experimental conditions while wearing Actiwatch devices equipped with photosensors. Diary responses were evaluated against photosensor values from the beginning and end of each rest interval (n=194 rest intervals), as well as against sleep measures, utilizing linear mixed models.ResultsResponses to light questions were related to actual light measures at bedtime, controlling for shift type and experimental condition. In addition, subjective light information at bedtime and waking was related to both objective and subjective sleep parameters, with data generally indicating poorer sleep with light in the sleeping environment.ConclusionQuestions addressing perception of light in the sleeping environment may provide a crude yet affordable metric of relative photic intensity. Further, as responses relate to sleep outcomes, subjective light information may yield valuable insights regarding mechanisms and outcomes of clinical significance in sleep and circadian research.
Balance under Stress: A Case of Mixed Signals.

Plants may appear to be sitting ducks to whatever pest, pathogen, or bad weather assaults them, but they are far from defenseless. In fact, plants are artful masters of war, armed with elaborate physical and chemical defense systems. But, in many cases, optimizing growth and defense is like running
A Multidisciplinary Transition Consult Service: Patient Referral Characteristics.

Abstract Purpose Children's hospitals must provide developmentally appropriate care to increasing numbers of young adults with complex healthcare needs as they transition to adult-oriented care. This article describes the patients, service, and short-term outcomes of an interprofessional healthcare transition (HCT) consult team comprised of nurses, social workers, a community health worker, and physicians. Design and methods The Adult Consult Team's tiered population framework stratifies patients by medical complexity. The team coordinates HCT services for patients with the highest complexity. Patients at least 18 years old are eligible if they have at least two specialists or an intellectual or developmental disability (IDD). Through a comprehensive medical and psychosocial assessment, the team prepares patients/families for adult-oriented healthcare. Results The Adult Consult Team received 197 referrals from July 2017 to June 2018. Patients had at least two specialists (73%), IDD (71%), technology dependence (e.g., gastrostomy tube, 37%) and Medicaid insurance (57%). The team assisted patients seen in its outpatient clinic with navigating mental health services (39%), insurance issues (13%), IDD services (15%), and the guardianship process (37%) and creating comprehensive care plans. Conclusions The Adult Consult Team transferred 30 patients with medical complexity to adult primary and specialty care, significantly improving pediatric inpatient and outpatient capacity for pediatric-aged patients. A broad range of young adult medical, psychosocial, legal, educational, and vocational needs were addressed. Practice implications An interprofessional team approach can help large pediatric healthcare systems address the multi-faceted needs of patients who are medically and psychosocially complex as they enter adulthood.
Los Angeles, United States

Abstract This chapter reviews the parking policy landscape in Los Angeles, California, and describes how parking—and especially off-street parking requirements—have shaped the region’s travel behavior and urban form. Despite heavy investment in new transit services, and increasing regional population density, Los Angeles remains a place dominated by driving, and the region’s high levels of parking help explain why.
Flue Gas Desulfurization for Acid Rain Control

This chapter is a reprint of a literature review prepared for the Ohio Coal Development Office by the Ohio Coal Research Consortium in 1990. It represents an assessment of the state of the art in flue gas desulfurization technologies at that time. It also served to motivate the work of the consortium starting in 1991, the results of which are presented in the following chapters.
Profusion of G-quadruplexes on both subunits of metazoan ribosomes

Mammalian and bird ribosomes are nearly twice the mass of prokaryotic ribosomes in part because of their extraordinarily long rRNA tentacles. Human rRNA tentacles are not fully observable in current three-dimensional structures and their conformations remain to be fully resolved. In previous work we identified sequences that favor G-quadruplexes in silico and in vitro in rRNA tentacles of the human large ribosomal subunit. We demonstrated by experiment that these sequences form G-quadruplexes in vitro. Here, using a more recent motif definition, we report additional G-quadruplex sequences on surfaces of both subunits of the human ribosome. The revised sequence definition reveals expansive arrays of potential G-quadruplex sequences on LSU tentacles. In addition, we demonstrate by a variety of experimental methods that fragments of the small subunit rRNA form G-quadruplexes in vitro. Prior to this report rRNA sequences that form G-quadruplexes were confined to the large ribosomal subunit. Our combined results indicate that the surface of the assembled human ribosome contains numerous sequences capable of forming G-quadruplexes on both ribosomal subunits. The data suggest conversion between duplexes and G-quadruplexes in response to association with proteins, ions, or other RNAs. In some systems it seems likely that the integrated population of RNA G-quadruplexes may be dominated by rRNA, which is the most abundant cellular RNA.
Commutative Doubly-Idempotent Semirings Determined by Chains and by Preorder Forests

A commutative doubly-idempotent semiring (cdi-semiring) \((S,\vee ,\cdot ,0,1)\) is a semilattice \((S,\vee ,0)\) with \(x\vee 0 =x\) and a semilattices \((S,\cdot ,1)\) with identity 1 such that \(x0=0\), and \(x(y\vee z)=xy \vee xz \) holds for all \(x,y,z\in S\). Bounded distributive lattices are cdi-semirings that satisfy \(xy=x\wedge y\), and the variety of cdi-semirings covers the variety of bounded distributive lattices. Chajda and Langer showed in 2017 that the variety of all cdi-semirings is generated by a 3-element cdi-semiring. We show that there are seven cdi-semirings with a \(\vee \)-semilattice of height less than or equal to 2. We construct all cdi-semirings for which their multiplicative semilattice is a chain with \(n+1\) elements, and we show that up to isomorphism the number of such algebras is the \(n^\text {th}\) Catalan number \(C_{n}=\frac{1}{n+1}{2n\atopwithdelims ()n}\). We also show that cdi-semirings with a complete atomic Boolean \(\vee \)-semilattice on the set of atoms A are determined by singleton-rooted preorder forests on the set A. From these results we obtain efficient algorithms to construct all multiplicatively linear cdi-semirings of size n and all Boolean cdi-semirings of size \(2^n\).
Princes et inquisiteurs. Malte, l'Europe et la Méditerranée (1722-1798)

Malte formait au XVIIIe siecle un monde passionnant. L'Ordre des Hospitaliers de Saint Jean de Jerusalem y avait echoue en 1530, resiste a l'armada turque en 1565, avant d'y construire une principaute souveraine aux avant-postes du commerce mediterraneen. Embleme de la chretiente medievale, l'Ordre y apprenait a vivre dans l'Europe des Princes et des marchands, et sous le regard du Pape, son chef spirituel: les inquisiteurs en ambassade sur place etaient les gardiens des traditions et ne manquaient nulle occasion d'intervenir dans les affaires des Grands Maitres de l'Ordre qui agissaient en veritables Princes de Malte. Les particularismes insulaires etaient de plus en plus permeables aux ingerences continentales. Cette histoire de Malte est une lucarne sur les grandes revolutions politiques, economiques et sociales qui annoncaient la naissance d'un nouveau monde la meme ou l'ancien demeurait encore vivant. Chap.1 Une colonie ecclesiastique Chap.2 Les rivalites ecclesiastiques Chap.3 In Gallia salus (1722-1736) Chap.4 Nouveaux equilibres sur terre et sur mer (1736-1755) Chap.5 La defaite du Saint-Office (1755-1760) Chap.6 Le "nouveau" parti de l'Inquisiteur (1760-1773) Chap.7 Querela pacis (1773-1782) Chap.8 Le Sacerdoce et l'Empire (1783-1798)
Determinants of online travel purchases from third-party travel web sites

Internet resources and Web sites have become a form of advertising for products and services in the past decade. The purpose of this study was to investigate customers’ intentions to buy travel products from online travel agencies. A regression analysis was conducted to find determinants of online travel purchases from third party online travel agents. “Enjoyability”, “confidence”, “safeness”, and “complexity of choices” factors have been found to be significant in the prediction model.
Effects of the El Niño Southern Oscillation phenomenon and sowing dates on soybean yield and on the occurrence of extreme weather events in southern Brazil

ABSTRACT Brazil accounts for 32% of world soybean production and potential yield losses related to climate variability in the country can have an adverse effect on global supply. Recent soybean production declines in Brazil (e.g. The 15.6% soybean yield drop occurred during the 2011/12 growing season) were a consequence of extreme weather events caused by the effects of the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon. ENSO is one of the most important atmospheric-oceanic phenomena responsible for climate and crop yield variability in several agricultural producing regions of Brazil. The greatest challenge related to adapting to ENSO climate cycles is to understand how to minimize the negative impacts and take advantage of favorable conditions to improve yields. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal impacts of sowing dates and ENSO phases on soybean yield and the frequency of extreme weather events (high, low temperature and dry period) during the vegetative and reproductive soybean phenological phases in southern Brazil. For that, soybean yields for 16 different sowing dates (from September to February) were simulated using a well-calibrated crop growth and development model (CROPGRO-Soybean) for 12 locations across southern Brazil and considering historical weather series of 56 years (1961-2016). Homogeneous regions related to ENSO impacts were defined by cluster analysis to facilitate the understanding and use of the information produced. Alternative ENSO phases were found to affect the frequency of extreme weather events and soybean yields across the region studied. Potential negative ENSO effects could be minimized by adjusting the sowing windows according to the expected climate cycle. Our results revealed that ENSO impacts on soybean yields in southern Brazil vary according to the location and can be categorized into three main groups: Group I, where the impacts of the El Nino phase on soybean yield tend to be positive, and its positive impact did not vary with the different sowing dates; Group II, where the negative soybean yield anomalies were more frequent in Neutral years; and Group III, where the positive and negative impacts of ENSO phases varied with sowing dates.