cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Variations in PCB concentrations between genders of six warmwater fish species in Lake Logan Martin, Alabama, USA

Abstract We collected and analyzed 955 individual fish (six species) for sexual differences in PCB bioaccumulations from a southeastern, USA reservoir. Using 2-way ANCOVAs, we found significant differences in fillet PCB concentrations between sexes for channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ), largemouth bass ( Micropterus salmoides ) and spotted bass ( Micropterus punctulatus ). Striped bass ( Morone saxatilus ), black crappie ( Pomoxis nigromaculatus ) and freshwater drum ( Aplodinotus grunniens ) did not display differences between sexes in PCB concentrations. We suspect that sexual differences may be due to biological differences in reproduction, relative motility and lipid deposition. For one species (striped bass), sexual differences in PCB concentrations were inconsistent with a study in the Hudson River suggesting that sexual differences in bioaccumulations can change across ecosystems. Two species which did show sexual differences, largemouth bass and channel catfish, are often chosen as representative species (e.g., “piscivore” and “benthivore”) in contaminant monitoring in many USA states indicating human consumption and risk management decisions would be improved if an equal number of male and female fish were included in composite PCBs analysis. This could reduce variability in fish PCBs data from which consumption advisories are based.
On the nature of the tensile instability in metastable liquids and its relationship to density anomalies

Tensile instability is a hitherto unexplained phenomenon whereby a metastable liquid loses tensile strength as the temperature is reduced in the vicinity of its triple point. The thermodynamically consistent behavior which must be exhibited by any liquid in the vicinity of a tensile instability displays a variety of unusual phenomena: nonanalytic density maxima, spinodal retracing, and density anomalies (negative thermal expansion coefficient) in the vicinity of the spinodal curve. Loss of tensile strength implies (and is inseparable from) density anomalies in the vicinity of the spinodal curve. This important conclusion is derived here from first principles.
Inside charged black holes. II. Baryons plus dark matter

This is the second of two companion papers on the interior structure of self-similar accreting charged black holes. In the first paper, the black hole was allowed to accrete only a single fluid of charged baryons. In this second paper, the black hole is allowed to accrete in addition a neutral fluid of almost noninteracting dark matter. Relativistic streaming between outgoing baryons and ingoing dark matter leads to mass inflation near the inner horizon. When enough dark matter has been accreted that the center-of-mass frame near the inner horizon is ingoing, then mass inflation ceases and the fluid collapses to a central singularity. A null singularity does not form on the Cauchy horizon. Although the simultaneous presence of ingoing and outgoing fluids near the inner horizon is essential to mass inflation, reducing one or the other of the ingoing dark matter or outgoing baryonic streams to a trace relative to the other stream makes mass inflation more extreme, not the other way around as one might naively have expected. Consequently, if the dark matter has a finite cross section for being absorbed into the baryonic fluid, then the reduction of the amount of ingoing dark matter merely makes inflation more extreme, the interior mass exponentiating more rapidly and to a larger value before mass inflation ceases. However, if the dark matter absorption cross section is effectively infinite at high collision energy, so that the ingoing dark matter stream disappears completely, then the outgoing baryonic fluid can drop through the Cauchy horizon. In all cases, as the baryons and the dark matter voyage to their diverse fates inside the black hole, they only ever see a finite amount of time pass by in the outside universe. Thus the solutions do not depend on what happens in the infinite past or future. We discuss in some detail the physical mechanism that drives mass inflation. Although the gravitational force is inward, inward means opposite direction for ingoing and outgoing fluids near the inner horizon. Mass inflation is driven by a feedback loop in which the general relativistic contribution to the gravitational force sourced by the radial pressure accelerates the ingoing and outgoing fluids through each other, which increases the radial pressure, which increases the gravitational force.
A picosecond time-resolved fluorescence study on the biliprotein, phycocyanin 645

Phycocyanin 645, a photosynthetic chromoprotein isolated from a cryptomonad, has been studied by picosecond time-resolved fluorescence by comparing the results of excitation at three wavelengths, 565, 585 and 615 nm. These excitation wavelengths were selected to correspond as closely as possible using our instrumentation to the maxima of three of the four bands found by deconvolution of the absorption spectrum. These three deconvolution bands — 558, 585 and 624 nm — corresponded to the absorption maxima of chromophores that transfer their excitation energies at very high efficiencies to the lowest-energy chromophore. The fourth, lowest-energy, deconvolution band was at 650 nm, and this chromophore provided the main fluorescence emission of the protein. The decay kinetics for 565 and 615 nm excitation were at 8.9 and 14.7 ps, respectively, but excitation at 585 nm gave rise to a faster component at about 2 ps. Careful statistical analysis was performed to verify that the decays obtained by the various excitations were significantly different. These results were discussed in terms of a model in which the 585 nm and 650 nm bands were strongly coupled and shared delocalization energy. The remaining two bands — 558 and 624 nm — probably transferred excitons to the 650 nm band by very weak dipole coupling. If we assume the delocalization hypothesis to be valid, the 2 ps decay would be a measure of the internal conversion between the high- and low-energy exciton states of the delocalized pair.
Clinicians' Perspectives on Motivational Interviewing-Based Brief Interventions in College Health.

Brief interventions based on motivational interviewing (MI) are emerging as effective strategies for behavior change in college students. However, implementation of MI-based brief interventions may be challenging in the college health environment, and their practicality is controversial. The author explored college health clinicians' perspectives on the use of MI brief interventions in a college health study to reduce alcohol harms among high-risk college students. The author describes the challenges, benefits, and practicality of using this health promotion strategy in college health. Although MI-based brief interventions may be adapted and implemented and are beneficial in the college health setting, clinician education and further research is warranted.
Do mobile technologies reshape speaking, writing, or reading?

With the growth of mobile communication technologies, we increasingly use portable devices to produce and read text that previously existed in hardcopy or on stationary screens. Voice recognition software now enables us to speak rather than write, potentially shifting the current dominance of texting over voice calls on mobile phones. This article describes contemporary studies of language use on mobile technologies and poses research questions for new investigations.
Poisson Vector Bundles, Contravariant Connections and Deformations

In this note we discuss the semiclassical geometry associated to deformation quantization of vector bundles over Poisson manifolds. We compare the objects obtained as "first-order approximations" to deformed vector bundles with the existent notion of Poisson vector bundles, showing that they agree up to a certain flatness condition. We show how these ideas can be used in the study of Morita equivalence of star products on Poisson manifolds.
Cautionary Note about R 2

Abstract The coefficient of determination (R 2) is perhaps the single most extensively used measure of goodness of fit for regression models. It is also widely misused. The primary source of the problem is that except for linear models with an intercept term, the several alternative R 2 statistics are not generally equivalent. This article discusses various considerations and potential pitfalls in using the R 2's. Specific points are exemplified by means of empirical data. A new resistant statistic is also introduced.
Individual differences in the stability of personality needs: Relations to stress and substance use during adolescence

Abstract In this study we extend Offer and Offer's ( From Teenage to Young Manhood: A Psychological Study , 1975) conception of alternative growth patterns in adolescence to the area of personality development and its relationship to the development of drug use behaviors. Temporal stability of personality organization is assumed to reflect relatively smooth transitions in psychosocial development. We predict that adolescents who exhibit instability within the person domain, reflected in substantial changes in personality needs across 3 yrs, are experiencing increased levels of stress and are more likely to engage in intensive drug use behaviors than others. A community sample ( N = 1380) of 12, 15 and 18 yr old males and females were initially tested in 1979–1981; 1982–1984, 95% were retested at the ages of 15, 18 and 21. Stable, moderate and changing personality groups were identified. Repeated measures (measurement time) ANOVAs revealed that males with substantially changing personalities experienced significantly more stress due to a perceived lack of personal and social competence and self-acceptance than others. They also reported reliably greater involvement in all substanstance use behaviors than did those who maintained relatively stable personality needs across the 3-yr intertest interval. In contrast, no relation between personality needs stability, stress and substance use was found for females. Directions for future research aimed at determining reciprocal causality are suggested.
Characterization and localization of the ATPase associated with pea chloroplast envelope membranes.

Chloroplast envelope membranes isolated from Pisum sativum seedlings have been found to contain a Mg-ATPase activity (specific activity 50-175 nanomoles per minute per milligram protein). The ATPase had a broad pH optimum between 7.0 and 9.5. The activity was not inhibited by oligomycin, N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, ouabain, or antibodies directed against chloroplast coupling factor 1; nor was the activity stimulated by monovalent cations. However, the ATPase was inhibited by vanadate, molybdate, and adenylyl imidodiphosphate.The ATPase hydrolyzed a broad range of nucleoside triphosphates, but did not hydrolyze ADP, AMP, or pyrophosphate. The K(m) for Mg-ATP was determined to be 0.2 millimolar. The ATPase was found to be distinct from ADPase and pyrophosphatase activities also present in pea envelope membranes.The ATPase was determined to be located on the inner membrane of the envelope after resolution of inner and outer membranes by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
High-Speed Imaging of Sustained Metabolic Target Patterns in Living Neutrophils during Adherence

Propagation of circular NAD(P)H autofluorescence and proton waves (target patterns) was detected in individual living human neutrophils using high-speed fluorescence microscopy. Waves were initiate...
Dynamic Analysis of Handling Compliant Sheet-Metal Blanks

Automating material handling of flexible sheet-metal blanks in stamping process requires attention due to its significant impact on product quality and productivity. This paper investigated the capability of a fully dynamic and nonlinear finite element technique in developing virtual material handling process of compliant sheet-metal blanks subject to time varying movability conditions. The technique used explicit time integration to avoid the formulation of stiffness matrix by a direct integration of the equations of motion. The influence of holding end-effector layout scheme and movability conditions on the final part quality was investigated.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Meson exchange model for the nucleon-nucleon interaction☆

Nucleon-nucleon interactions obtained from several models for the field theoretic scattering amplitude are studied. The interaction includes contributions from one-pion and one-omega exchange and from two-pion exchange as calculated in a dispersion theory framework. The resulting interaction is regularized by a cut-off factor obtained by the eikonal approximation to multiple vector meson exchange processes. The Blankenbecler-Sugar equation is solved with the interaction and nucleon-nucleon scattering phase parameters are computed. For the best model good agreement with phenomenological phase parameters is achieved for physically reasonable values of the meson-nucleon coupling constants and the spectral functions needed for the evaluation of the two-pion exchange effects. The deuteron wave function is computed as are the deuteron charge and quadrupole form factors. The interaction is shown to have significantly weaker short-range repulsion than commonly found in local phenomenological potentials and in one-boson exchange models.
Psychosocial effect of vitiligo: A comparison of vitiligo patients with “normal” control subjects, with psoriasis patients, and with patients with other pigmentary disorders

To ascertain the psychosocial effects of vitiligo, patients with vitiligo were compared with control subjects without skin diseases who were matched for age, sex, race, educational level, and marital status. Vitiligo patients were also compared with a matched sample of psoriasis patients and a matched sample of patients with other pigmentary disorders involving discoloration. The vitiligo patients scored lower on the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory than did the "normal" control subjects. Vitiligo patients exhibited better adjustment to their disorder and experienced less social discrimination than did psoriasis patients, although the two groups did not differ on overall self-esteem. Patients with vitiligo did not differ significantly from those with other pigmentary disorders on any measure.
Interacting alleles of the coinhibitory immunoreceptor genes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed cell-death 1 influence risk and features of primary biliary cirrhosis.

Autoimmune diseases such as primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) result from failure in the immune mechanisms that establish and maintain self-tolerance. Evidence suggests that these processes are shared among the spectrum of autoimmune syndromes and are likely genetically determined. Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell-death 1 (PDCD1) are two genes encoding coinhibitory immunoreceptors that harbor polymorphisms with demonstrated associations to multiple autoimmune disorders. We aimed to assess functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these two genes for association with PBC. SNPs in CTLA4 and PDCD1 were genotyped in 351 PBC patients and 205 controls. Allele and genotype frequencies were evaluated for association with PBC and/or antimitochondrial antibody (AMA) positivity with logistic regression. Haplotypes were inferred with an expectation-maximization algorithm, and allelic interaction was analyzed by logistic regression modeling. Individual SNPs demonstrated no association to PBC. However, the GG genotype of CTLA4 49AG was significantly associated with AMA positivity among the PBC patients. Also, individual SNPs and a haplotype of CTLA4 as well as a rare genotype of the PDCD1 SNP PD1.3 were associated with orthotopic liver transplantation. As well, we identified the influence of an interaction between the putatively autoimmune-protective CTLA4 49AG:CT60 AA haplotype and autoimmune-risk PDCD1 PD1.3 A allele on development of PBC. Conclusion: Our findings illustrate the complex nature of the genetically induced risk of PBC and emphasize the importance of considering definable subphenotypes of disease, such as AMA positivity, or definitive measures of disease severity/progression, like orthotopic liver transplantation, when genetic analyses are being performed. Comprehensive screening of genes involved with immune function will lead to a greater understanding of the genetic component of autoimmunity in PBC while furthering our understanding of the pathogenic properties of this enigmatic disease. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Selection of indexing terms by authors: A proposal for abstracts submitted to the 1985 meetings of the APS-SPR-APA.

Selection of Indexing Terms by Authors: A Proposal for Abstracts Submitted to the 1985 Meetings of the APS-SPR-APA
Erectile function after anterior urethroplasty.

Purpose: We ascertained the impact of anterior urethroplasty on male sexual function.Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was mailed to 200 men who underwent anterior urethroplasty to evaluate postoperative sexual function. Questions addressed the change in erect penile length and angle, patient satisfaction with erection, preoperative and postoperative coital frequency, and change in erection noted by the sexual partner. Results were stratified by the urethral reconstruction method, namely anastomosis, buccal mucosal graft, penile flap and all others, and compared with those in a similar group of men who underwent circumcision only.Results: Of the 200 men who underwent urethroplasty 152 who were 17 to 83 years old (mean age 45.7) completed the questionnaire. Average followup was 36 months (range 3 to 149). Overall there was a similar incidence of sexual problems after urethroplasty and circumcision. Penile skin flap urethroplasty was associated with a slightly higher incidence of impaired sex...
QCD corrections and nonstandard three vector boson couplings in $W^{+} W^{-}$ production at hadron colliders

The process ${\mathit{pp}}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}})}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{W}}^{+}$${\mathit{W}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$+X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{l}}_{1}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$${\mathit{l}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\nu}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{2}$+X is calculated to O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$) for general G- and P-conserving WWV couplings (V=\ensuremath{\gamma},Z). The prospects of probing the WWV couplings in this reaction are explored. The impact of O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$) QCD corrections and various background processes on the observability of nonstandard WWV couplings in ${\mathit{W}}^{+}$${\mathit{W}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ production at the Fermilab Tevatron and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is discussed in detail. The transverse momentum distribution of the charged lepton pair is found to be particularly sensitive to both anomalous couplings and QCD corrections. Sensitivity limits for anomalous WWV couplings are derived at next-to-leading order for the Fermilab Tevatron and LHC center of mass energies, and are compared to the bounds which can be achieved in other processes. Unless a jet veto or a cut on the total transverse momentum of the hadrons in the event is imposed, the O(${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{s}}$) QCD corrections and the background from top quark production decrease the sensitivity of ${\mathit{pp}}^{(\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}})}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{W}}^{+}$${\mathit{W}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$+X\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathit{l}}_{1}^{+}$${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$${\mathit{l}}_{2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$\ensuremath{\nu}${\mathrm{\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}}}_{2}$+X to anomalous WWV couplings by a factor 2 to 5. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Analysis of RNA packaging in wild-type and mosaic protein capsids of flock house virus using recombinant baculovirus vectors.

Abstract Flock house virus (FHV) is a small icosahedral insect virus of the family Nodaviridae . Its genome consists of two positive-sense RNA molecules, RNA1 (replicase gene) and RNA2 (coat protein gene), which are encapsidated into a single virion. Expression of coat protein in Sf21 cells using a baculovirus vector results in formation of virus-like particles (VLPs) whose capsids are structurally indistinguishable from native virions. However, RNA packaging is not specific for RNA2, the coat protein message. Using ribonuclease protection assays, we showed that the fraction of RNA2 in VLPs is 19% relative to the amount present in a population of native virions. To investigate possible reasons for the reduced level of RNA2, we generated two new baculovirus vectors, AcR1δ and AcR2δ, expressing the replicase gene and the coat protein gene, respectively. The inserted genes carried the self-cleaving hepatitis delta ribozyme sequence at the 3′ end to allow for synthesis of RNA1 and RNA2 transcripts with authentic 3′ ends. Infection of Sf21 cells with AcR2δ yielded VLPs that contained 66% RNA2 relative to native virions. Coinfection of Sf21 cells with AcR1δ and AcR2δ launched self-directed FHV replication and resulted in formation of particles most of which contained RNA1 and RNA2. However, a small fraction of particles containing cellular RNA was detected as well. The latter particles could be eliminated by infecting Sf21 cells with AcR1δ followed by transfection with in vitro synthesized transcripts of RNA2. We have further utilized this system to show that two coat protein deletion mutants with distinct RNA packaging defects form mosaic virus capsids but do not complement each other to rescue specific packaging of FHV RNAs.
An Electronic, Aptamer-Based Small-Molecule Sensor for the Rapid, Label-Free Detection of Cocaine in Adulterated Samples and Biological Fluids

Whereas spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques for the detection of small organic molecules have achieved impressive results, these methods are generally slow and cumbersome, and thus the development of a general means for the real-time, electronic detection of such targets remains a compelling goal. Here we demonstrate a potentially general, label-free electronic method for the detection of small-molecule targets by building a rapid, reagentless biosensor for the detection of cocaine. The sensor, based on the electrochemical interrogation of a structure-switching aptamer, specifically detects micromolar cocaine in seconds. Because signal generation is based on binding-induced folding, the sensor is highly selective and works directly in blood serum and in the presence of commonly employed interferents and cutting agents, and because all of the sensor components are covalently attached to the electrode surface, the sensor is also reusable: we achieve >99% signal regeneration upon a brief, room temperature aqueous wash. Given recent advances in the generation of highly specific aptamers, this detection platform may be readily adapted for the detection of other small molecules of a wide range of clinically and environmentally relevant small molecules.
Virtual particles and the baryon-baryon system

The1S0 virtual bound state of the nucleon-nucleon system is shown to belong to the 27-dimensional representation of the symmetry scheme based onSU(3) known as the eight-fold way. The other states of this multiplet are derived. Experimental evidence bearing on this state is discussed and it is suggested that if the many complications of baryon number-2 states can be disentangled they can provide a fertile field for studying the validity ofSU(3).
Visible-frequency asymmetric transmission devices incorporating a hyperbolic metamaterial.

Optical devices with asymmetric transmission are desirable for many applications, but fabrication difficulties impede visible frequency operation. Xu and Lezec overcome this by combining nonsymmetric subwavelength gratings with a hyperbolic metamaterial to realize efficient asymmetric transmission.
Surgical management of pulmonary infections in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood

Chronic granulomatous disease of childhood is an inheritable disorder of phagocytic cell respiratory burst resulting in recurrent, life-threatening, catalase-positive infections. The lung is the most common site of infection, and pulmonary disease is the primary cause of death in greater than 50% of children with chronic granulomatous disease. Still, the role of surgery in management of this disease remains undefined. Between 1974 and 1990, 19 patients with chronic granulomatous disease required 31 thoracic interventions at our institution. Patients ranged in age from 2.5 to 27 years (mean age, 15 years). Seventeen of 19 patients (89%) had had previous pulmonary infections. Patients presented as toxic (temperature > 38.5 degrees C, chest pain, and cough) in 22 instances before the 31 procedures. Aggressive surgical intervention for diagnosis and extirpation of localized infections was undertaken with lobectomy/pneumonectomy with or without other procedures (5), bisegmentectomy (2), segmentectomy with or without other procedures (5), or wedge with or without other procedures (13). In five instances, an empyema was drained; a chest tube for a sterile collection was placed in one instance. There was one intraoperative death, and 3 patients died 22 to 600 days postoperatively with overwhelming sepsis. The mean hospitalization was 101 days (range, 24 to 600 days). Wound complications occurred in 5 patients, requiring 17 separate anesthetic debridements. A change in therapy was dictated by the results of the procedure in 23 of 31 instances (74%). Thoracic surgeons must be aware of this rare cause of immunosuppression in these children and, due to the unusual nature of the pulmonary infections, should follow an aggressive approach in their diagnosis and management.
Florida Identifies Competencies for Principals, Urges their Development

Florida's intense attention to principal competencies has caused many people in management development to question and rethink their understanding of what competencies are and how they are acquired. The authors share their knowledge and beliefs about these competencies in this article.
On early Greek astronomy

In a somewhat polemical article on ‘Solstices, Equinoxes, and the Presocratics’ D. R. Dicks has recently challenged the usual view that the Presocratics in general, and the Milesians in particular, made significant contributions to the development of scientific astronomy in Greece. According to Dicks, mathematical astronomy begins with the work of Meton and Euctemon about 430 B.C. What passes for astronomy in the earlier period ‘was still in the pre-scientific stage’ of ‘rough-and-ready observations, unsystematically recorded and imperfectly understood, of practical men’ whose chief concern was to fix the seasons for ploughing, seed-time, sailing voyages and religious festivals. Ionian speculation, says Dicks, took very little note of such observation: ‘some of its wilder flights of fancy might have been avoided, if it had taken more’. In this account of the rise of Greek astronomy, the natural philosophers have no part to play. Their theories represent a speculative enterprise without a scientific future, a philosophic sideline with no impact on the development of observational science from Hesiod to Meton or the development of mathematical astronomy from Meton to Ptolemy. I believe that such a dichotomy between early philosophy and early science in Greece is misguided in principle, and that it seriously distorts our picture of the initial phases of each discipline. It also imposes a considerable strain upon our credulity. Take the case of Anaxagoras who, according to Plato and Theophrastus, had given a causal explanation of eclipses of the moon a generation before Meton.
Making Saints, Making Communities: Nāyaki Svāmikaḷ and the Saurashtras of Madurai

Naṭaṉa Gopāla Nāyaki Svāmikaḷ (1843–1914), born Ramabadran, was a Vaiṣṇava poet, mystic and performer who belonged to the Saurashtra community of Madurai. Revered within his community as the ‘Saurashtra Āḻvār’ (poet-saint), he is arguably their most important literary and musical figure. Initially known only to his intimate circle of family, as Nāyaki Svāmikaḷ's fame spread, his simple devotional compositions (kīrttaṉai) written in Tamil and Saurashtra are purported to have attracted disciples from all classes and castes in Madurai. Today, Nāyaki Svāmikaḷ's fame is largely confined to the Saurashtra community of Madurai, although the annual celebration in December of his samādhi (death, final liberation) brings together both the Tamil and Saurashtra communities of Madurai. The samādhi (sacred sepulchre) just outside Madurai is the primary locus for his worship, where he is remembered through the daily performance of his kīrttaṉais. In this paper, I trace the making of a twentieth-century Hindu saint withi...
Ox liver catalase crystal structure by electron microscopy

A possible structure for dry ox liver catalase crystals has been deduced from a study of shadowed-replica and negatively stained preparations of two crystal habits. The gross features revealed in these preparations can be satisfactorily explained by assuming approximately spherical molecules about 73 A in diameter arranged in a rather open structure having the orthorhombic tetramolecular unit cell a = 73, b = 141, c = 183 A. An examination of the different amounts of distortion on drying and a study of the face angles on wet crystals of four habits indicate that the wet crystal structure is hexagonal with a bimolecular unit cell having the repeating unit along the unique axis equal to the particle diameter, D , and the other cell dimension (3) ½ D .
Assessing internalizing, externalizing, and attention problems in young children: validation of the MacArthur HBQ.

ABSTRACT Objective To test the validity of the MacArthur Health and Behavior Questionnaire (HBQ) using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to determine optimal thresholds for the HBQ in predicting Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version-IV (DISC-IV) diagnoses. The roles of child sex, level of impairment, and physical health in understanding of psychopathology were also considered. Method A sample of 814 8-year-old twin children was recruited from birth records. Mothers were interviewed over the telephone using the HBQ and were also interviewed in person using the DISC-IV. Fathers also completed the HBQ; children completed the parallel module of the Berkeley Puppet Interview. Results The HBQ identified more cases overall than the DISC-IV. Sex did not contribute to prediction of diagnosis. Impairment, DISC-IV symptom counts, father HBQ, child Berkeley Puppet Interview, and physical health significantly distinguished the HBQ low and high symptom groups. Conclusions The HBQ is a valid new screening measure of psychopathology for use with children under 9 years of age. It is sensitive to internalizing disorders, which may aid the understanding of depression and anxiety disorders that are often underappreciated in young children.
Mars Science Laboratory Simulations for Entry, Descent, and Landing

Two primary simulations have been developed and are being updated for the Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and landing. The high-fidelity engineering end-to-end entry, descent, and landing simulation is based on NASA Langley Research Center's Program to Optimize Simulated Trajectories II and the end-to-end real-time, hardware-in-the-loop simulation test bed, which is based on NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Dynamics Simulator for Entry, Descent, and Surface landing. The status of these Mars Science Laboratory entry, descent, and landing end-to-end simulations at this time is presented. Various models, capabilities, as well as validation and verification for these simulations, are discussed.
Hypercalcemic and Hypophosphatemic Effects of Dibutyryl Cyclic AMP in Rats After Parathyroidectomy

In parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats, administration of dibutyryl cyclic AMP (DB-CAMP), but not cyclic AMP (CAMP) itself, caused an elevation in serum calcium and a decline in serum phosphorus. In intact rats, DB-CAMP had no detectable effect on serum calcium, but depressed serum phosphorus. The hypercalcemic effect of DB-CAMP was slightly enhanced after thyroparathyroidectomy. The rapid fall in serum calcium which follows acute PTX by hot wire cautery was partially inhibitedinhibited by DB-CAMP. Pretreatment with theophylline enhanced the hypercalcemic effect of DB-CAMP. The hypercalcemic effect of DBCAMP was antagonized by thyrocalcitonin or imidazole. It is concluded that the similarities in the effects of DB-CAMP and parathyroid extract support the hypothesis that CAMP is an important mediator of at least some of the actions of parathyroid hormone. (Endocrinology 84: 861,1969)
The Use of Statistics in L2 Acquisition Research.

Second language acquisition (SLA) as a discipline has not had a long history and, as any new discipline, has seen growing pains over the years. This research timeline traces the development of the increased and more sophisticated use of statistics in SLA research and the increasing demands for rigor in their use. Use of statistical procedures has been increasing in the SLA literature, but the tools themselves have not developed from within the field; rather the increased use stems from greater statistical sophistication on the part of users. In other words, SLA is not an innovator but an increasingly knowledgeable borrower and adapter of statistical procedures.
The challenges of American legal permanent residency for family- and employment-based petitioners

One of the most debated issues in contemporary immigration policy surrounds the acquisition of the ‘greencard’ or legal permanent resident status (LPR). For many migrants who enter the country on temporary visas, legal permanent residency is crucial to upward mobility and removes the looming threat of deportation and illegality. Despite this, the pathway to permanent residency for temporary visa holders who do not adjust their status due to their direct relationship with American citizens as spouses, minor children or parents is an uncertain one. After filing to adjust status, migrants often have to deal with visa backlogs and lengthy wait periods in queues which are capped by country of origin and level of demand. Official statistics document that wait times for family- and employment-based visas can span from five years to several decades keeping petitioners in long ‘probationary’ periods of uncertainty. Using data from the US Citizenship and Immigration Services Performance Analysis System, and placing...
Toward the Molecular Flashlight: Preparation, Properties, and Photophysics of a Hypericin–luciferin Tethered Molecule¶

The synthesis of a molecule containing hypericin and luciferin moieties joined by a tether is reported. The light-induced (in vitro) antiviral activity as well as the photophysical properties of this new compound are measured and compared with those of the parent compounds, hypericin and pseudohypericin. This tethered molecule exhibits excited-state behavior that is very similar to that of its parent compounds and antiviral activity that is identical, within experimental error, to that of its more closely related parent compound, pseudohypericin. The implications for a photodynamic therapy that is independent of external light sources are discussed.
Numerical solutions to differential games based on approximations by Markov games

The dynamic programming equation arising in zero-sum differential games can be approximated by a sequence of finite-state Markov games that can be efficiently solved by a version of the modified policy iteration method. The authors use the approach to solve a combat problem related to the classical two-car game of R. Isaacs (Differential Games, Wiley, 1965). The results of this computational experiment indicate that the approach could be an effective tool for the solution of a variety of more complex models of conflict. >
Dynamically allocating processor resources between nearby and distant ILP

Modern superscalar processors use wide instruction issue widths and out-of-order execution in order to increase instruction-level parallelism (ILP). Because instructions must be committed in order so as to guarantee precise exceptions, increasing ILP implies increasing the sizes of structures such as the register file, issue queue, and reorder buffer. Simultaneously, cycle time constraints limit the sizes of these structures, resulting in conflicting design requirements.In this paper, we present a novel microarchitecture designed to overcome the limitations of a register file size dictated by cycle time constraints. Available registers are dynamically allocated between the primary program thread and a future thread. The future thread executes instructions when the primary thread is limited by resource availability. The future thread is nor constrained by in order commit requirements. It is therefore able to examine a much larger instruction window and jump far ahead to execute ready instructions. Results are communicated back to the primary thread by warming up the register file, instruction cache, data cache, and instruction reuse buffer, and by resolving branch mispredicts early. The proposed microarchitecture is able to get on overall speedup of 1.17 over the base processor for our benchmark set, with speedups of up to 1.64.
A comparison of mathematical programming modeling systems

We compare three mathematical programming modeling languages, GAMS, OMNI and MathPro. To understand the properties of these languages, we formulate four linear programs in each language. The formulations are representative of the kinds of model structures one encounters in practice. Each of the languages focuses on a different view of linear programs. GAMS approximates algebra, OMNI uses the activity view and MathPro uses a block schematic. We summarize our experiences with the languages and suggest areas for further enhancement.
A Real-Time Digital Simulation of Synchronous Machines: Stability Considerations and Implementation

The study of the transient behavior of a large power system has been difficult and time consuming even on mainframe computers. One way to obtain real-time studies is to configure digital simulation modules in a parallel processing network that corresponds to the physical system. The focus of this work is on the creation of a generator module that is compatible with such a digital simulation network. To approach operation in real time, a fast and accurate state equation integrator is required. Investigation has revealed that the load imposed on the simulated generator plays a major role in the stability of the integration routines. The linearized stability limits of forward difference, modified Euler, fourth-order Runge-Kutta and Adams-Bashforth-Moulton integration methods were calculated for an impedance terminated generator. These were found to agree closely with the corresponding experimentally determined nonlinear limits. The TMS32010 digital signal processor was chosen as the heart of the generator simulator module, and fixed-point arithmetic routines were developed to make it a high-speed state equation integrator. Operation in real time was achieved for an infinite bus-type termination, but an impedance load led to a somewhat slower simulation.
An Empirical Analysis of Strategic Groups in the Airline Industry using Latent Class Regressions

Two major controversies in strategic group research have been whether strategic groups actually exist and if so what is the best methodological approach to identify them. One perspective on strategic groups suggests that a strategic group exists if and only if the performance of a firm in the group is a function of group characteristics after controlling for firm and industry characteristics. We test this theoretical position by developing and estimating a model for the airline industry using latent class regressions. Our analysis finds evidence for the existence of four distinct strategic groups of firms in the airline industry. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fiberoptic microtransducer pressure technology: Uurodynamic implications

The FST 200 is a novel commercially available pressure measurement system that combines microtechnology and fiberoptics and is particularly well suited for invasive urodynamic studies. Pressure recording with this system is highly accurate and reproducible. The pressure curves obtained parallel those from standard water cystometry. Being small and portable, the system lends itself to invasive transurethral monitoring in the privacy of an examination room. Additionally, the 5F catheter size allows the performance of leak point pressures and pressure/flow voiding studies with minimal urethral stenting artifact often seen with larger catheters. The technical aspects of this system are presented.
Effect of tibial component varus on wear in total knee arthroplasty

Abstract Introduction Malalignment can result in poor clinical outcomes and increased wear. However, component malalignment can occur even when overall limb mechanical axis is within the normal anatomic range. We studied the effect of component malalignment in the presence of acceptable knee alignment in knee arthroplasty. Methods Sixteen tibial inserts retrieved at revision surgery were laser-mapped to measure wear. Average implantation duration was 7.7 years (range, 1 to 13). Early (postprimary) and final (prerevision) radiographs were analyzed for overall alignment (limb, femoral and tibial components) and osteolysis. Results The tibial components were initially aligned in a mean of 1.3 ± 1.7° varus (range, –1.5 to 4.5°), which increased to 3.2 ± 2.9° (range, –2.0 to 8.0°) at the time of revision (p = 0.05). Tibial components initially placed in greater than 3° varus were associated with almost twice the volumetric penetration rate. Anatomic knee angles were 5.4 ± 0.9° valgus (range, 4.0 to 7.0°) in the post-primary radiographs and decreased in prerevision radiographs to 3.8 ± 2.6° (range, –1.0 to 7.5°), (p = 0.04). Discussion Tibial varus was associated with increased medial compartment wear and total wear, thus affecting osteolysis in addition to local destruction of the bearing surface. Varus malalignment as low as 3° may result in accelerated wear, even if overall limb alignment is nearly ideal. These results indicate that tibial component alignment is an important factor associated with tibial tray subsidence and polyethylene wear even when limb alignment is neutral.
Autonomic mediation of unconditioned and conditioned heart rate responses in the 16-day-old rat

In three experiments, we examined the cardiac response of 16-day-old rats to a 10-sec olfactory stimulus before and after aversive Pavlovian conditioning. The unlearned (orienting) response to the novel stimulus was bradycardia, and the conditioned response was a brief period of bradycardia early in the conditioned stimulus, followed by pronounced tachycardia. After selective blockade of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems with atropine or atenolol, the deceleratory orienting response was found to be the result of an increase in vagal discharge, accompanied by a co-occurring decrease in sympathetic stimulation of the heart. The initial deceleratory component of the conditioned response was produced by an increase in parasympathetic stimulation of the heart, and the acceleratory component was generated by an increase in sympathetic activity. These results are discussed in terms of their significance for the neural and autonomic origins of the phasic changes in heart rate that are elicited by the olfactory stimulus during different stages of conditioning.
Bench testing and computer modeling of electromagnetic coupling for a hearing implantable device

Middle ear implantable devices have become one of mayor research areas of biomedical engineering in Oklahoma. This paper describes some methods implemented in our research for testing/modeling the electromagnetic implantable hearing device which consists of an implant magnet (neodymium-iron boron magnet) and a coil. Bench testing was conducted on the device to determine the displacement or velocity of the implant magnet induced by electromagnetic coupling between the coil and magnet. Using a simplified vibration model, the force acting on the implant magnet was calculated. Next, a 2-dimensional (2-D) electromagnetic finite element model was created using the ANSYS software which involves the discretization and analysis of the electromagnetic field. Further work will be in combining the electromagnetic analysis and the middle ear structural mechanical modeling to predict functions of implantable devices for sound transmission.
Networking embedded agents

Most of us will soon be managing an intranet in our homes, though we might not realize it. We might also be surprised at the devices that will be networked together. Just about every electrical device now contains one or more microprocessors. Designers typically find this a cost-effective way to provide device functionality, even when much of a processor's power is unnecessary or unused. For example, my coffee maker contains a processor, even though the appliance needn't be very smart and wastes most of its CPU cycles. Nevertheless, it is cheaper to include a general-purpose microprocessor than to incorporate custom logic devices. My kitchen, in fact, has at least six processors, in such appliances as the microwave, the dishwasher, and the toaster. These household devices are diverse and use their processors in quite different ways, but in the future they will share one important characteristic: Each will contain an agent. The agent will provide an intelligent interface to the device and, most importantly, will communicate with other devices in my home. At present, my devices are not very agent-like, and it is not useful to think, "My toaster knows when the toast is done" or "My coffee pot knows when the coffee is ready." However, once the devices are interconnected so that they can communicate, they can arrange to have my coffee and toast ready at approximately the same time. Then I may think of them in anthropomorphic terms. For example, when I shut off my alarm clock, I can imagine it telling my kitchen devices to prepare my breakfast. When devices talk to each other, they begin to seem more like agents. At: this point my house becomes more than just a collection of processors-it becomes a multiagent system communicating over an intranet.
Equality in lazy computation systems

The author introduces a general class of lazy computation systems and defines a natural program equivalence for them. He proves that if an extensionality condition holds of each of the operators of a computational system, then the equivalence relation is a congruence, so that the usual kinds of equality reasoning are valid for it. This condition is a simple syntactic one and is easy to verify for the various lazy computation systems considered so far. Conditions are given under which the equivalence coincides with observational congruence. These results have important consequences for type theories. >