cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unpacking Emotion Differentiation: Transforming Unpleasant Experience by Perceiving Distinctions in Negativity

Being able to carefully perceive and distinguish the rich complexity in emotional experiences is a key component of psychological interventions. We review research in clinical, social, and health psychology that offers insights into the adaptive value of putting feelings into words with a high degree of complexity (i.e., emotion differentiation or emotional granularity). According to recent research, upon experiencing intense distress, individuals who experience their emotions with more granularity are less likely to resort to maladaptive self-regulatory strategies such as binge drinking, aggression, and self-injurious behavior; show less neural reactivity to rejection; and experience less severe anxiety and depressive disorders. These findings shed light on how negative emotions and stressful experiences can be transformed by people’s emotion-differentiation skill. Besides basic research suggesting that emotion differentiation is an important developmental process, evidence suggests that interventions de...
Abstract A082: Study of the effects of localized collagen manipulation on the behavior of breast cancer cells

The tumor microenvironment is complex and heterogeneous, comprised of the extracellular matrix, various cell types, blood vessels, and soluble factors. Multiple interactions occur between tumor cells and their environment which affect cellular behavior and the composition of the tumor microenvironment. Changes to the composition of collagen within the tumor microenvironment have been linked to an increased risk of developing breast carcinoma and an increased invasiveness of breast cancer cells. The goal of this study is to understand how selected, well-controlled manipulations of the collagen composition alter the behavior of an invasive human breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. A BioMEMS device will be loaded with molecules that alter collagen and inserted into a 3-D gel containing MDA-MB-231 cells, to establish a localized gradient of these molecules. The compositional changes include increased collagen concentration through stimulating cellular deposition of collagen, increased collagen crosslinking and inhibition of a collagen cross-linker produced by tumor cells. Confocal reflectance microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy are utilized to characterize the changes induced and the rates at which the changes occur. Changes in gene expression are investigated to determine the pathways each of the collagen manipulations induce which result in the observed changes to cellular behavior. The observed alterations in cellular phenotype resulting from these collagen changes will help to better understand what degree of changes occur within breast carcinoma resulting in cancer progression. Citation Format: Ashley N. Clark, James Williams, Michael Padgen, Patricia Keely, James Castracane. Study of the effects of localized collagen manipulation on the behavior of breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Breast Cancer Research: Genetics, Biology, and Clinical Applications; Oct 3-6, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2013;11(10 Suppl):Abstract nr A082.
Big data approach in healthcare used for intelligent design — Software as a service

Binding technology to healthcare domain for simplifying the process of symptom detection and reliable methods of treatment has attracted vast research. Predictive analysis and recommendation systems have proved noteworthy for symptom detection and have been able to revolutionize healthcare at a very large scale. Our team envisions a web application as the basis of our project inclined towards building a better and efficient platform to simplify the complex procedure of health assessment and monitoring. Using big-data approach, the system that we intend to build shall provide reliable recommendations by comparing user generated data with that of cleansed system data using Apache Spark and IBM Watson services. A self-learning system which auto-upgrades itself with the inflow of data, this web application will provide an user-friendly platform for patients to monitor their symptoms, learn more about the symptoms based on the recommendations given by machine learning algorithm, have received recommendations validated from a doctor and monitor their health on a visual dashboard. Solving the problem of delayed medical attention and inefficient diagnosis, our web application will be one stop solution for everyone's healthcare needs, more broadly — a one-click solution.
The value of CMV viral load test in diagnosis of cytomegalovirus infection in infants

Objective To assess the value of CMV viral load test in the diagnosis and prognostic judgment of infantile cytomegalovirus infection with whole blood and urine specimens. Methods 50 infants with active CMV infection were selected, which pp65 antigen was positive in serological detection and either CMV-IgM positive or the titer of CMV-IgG ≥40. The viral load in whole blood and urine specimens was detected before and after a course of preemptive ganciclovir treatment and the pp65 antigen was determined after treatment. Results 98% patients were manifested as cytomegalovirus viral load quantitative measurement in whole blood positive before the treatment, while 14% after. The positive ratio of pp65 assay after therapy was 6%. And there was no significant difference between the results of the two kinds of detection methods measurement in urine before and after treatment was 98% and 90%, respectively. The results of urinary viral load quantitative detection did not coincide with clinical characteristics of CMV infection (P＜0.05,Sp＝0.11,PVP＝0.55, (Youden's index)＝0.09). Conclusions Good coincidence could be found between CMV-DNA quantitative measurement in whole blood and pp65 antigenemia assay. And the former could be used as a diagnostic index of CMV positive infection. While single urinary viral load quantitative detection had no significance for the distinction between active and latent CMV infection and dynamic monitoring of CMV treatment. Key words: Viral load; Cytomegalovirus infections/DI
That's how “you” do it: Generic you expresses norms during early childhood

Abstract Prior research indicates that children construe norms as general and construe preferences as individual. The current studies tested whether this expectation is built into how children interpret and use language. We focused on the pronoun you, which is ambiguous between a canonical interpretation (referring to the addressee) and a generic interpretation (referring to people in general). In Study 1, children (N = 132, ages 3–10 years) were asked a series of questions containing “you,” referring to either descriptive norms (e.g., “What do you do with bikes?”) or preferences (e.g., “What do you like to do with bikes?”). In Study 2, parents conversed with their children (N = 28, ages 2–4 years) about prescriptive norms (e.g., “What should you do with books?”) and preferences (e.g., “What do you like about books?”). In both studies, children’s choice of pronoun in their answer revealed whether they interpreted you in the questions as generic or canonical. Results indicated that children more often interpreted you as generic in the normative contexts (i.e., responded with generic you, e.g., “You read them”) and as canonical in the preference contexts (i.e., responded with I, e.g., “I read them”). This pattern emerged by early preschool, providing the first evidence that the distinction between norms and preferences directs young children’s interpretation and use of everyday language.
Moving beyond (and back to) the black–white binary: a study of black and white Muslims’ racial positioning in the United States

Muslim racialization literature argues that a new racialized group emerged after 9/11, but does not examine how this group is positioned relative to US black–white binary racial logic. In fact, man...
Process Development and Intensification for a Recombinant Protein Expressed in E.coli

Abstract Recombinant proteins represent an important biotherapeutic modality. When expressed in Escherichia coli, they often accumulate intracellularly in the form of inclusion bodies (IBs). A typical recovery and downstream process for such an expression system involves the following unit operations: cell harvest, cell lysis, IB wash and recovery, refolding, clarification, chromatography operations, and ultrafiltration/diafiltration. In the course of the development cycle, significant improvement in upstream productivity is often realized. This in turn leads to processing bottlenecks specific to the refolding and/or downstream purification operations. Developing an intensified and productive downstream process is highly desirable at production scale to enable facility fit and make product commercially competitive. In this case study, a fully-scalable and high-productivity downstream process for fibroblast growth factor 21 was developed as fermentation titer was increased from 1 to 16 g/L. IB recovery yield was improved from ~ 60 to > 80% by optimizing wash pH and wash volume. A diafiltration-based high concentration refolding scheme was developed, which enabled an order of magnitude increase in refolding concentration (at 15–24 g/L) and eliminated the requirement for dilution and large tank volume. An acid precipitation step has been introduced which reduced impurities (host cell proteins, DNA, and endotoxin) significantly, resulting in a threefold load capacity increase on the capture column. The subsequent chromatography purification was changed from anion exchange chromatography-hydrophobic interaction chromatography (AEX-HIC) to a high performance AEX-cation exchange chromatography train. Employing the high performance resins significantly improved process throughput, product purity and step yield. The elimination of a low-capacity, temperature- sensitive HIC step also improved process robustness. In addition, the new process offered great operational ease, since most downstream unit operations were performed using one buffer system at room temperature. The intensified downstream process achieved an overall 20-fold productivity improvement, 40% overall downstream process yield increase, and produced drug substance with comparable or superior critical quality attributes and significantly lower cost of goods sold.
Connectome-derived diffusion characteristics of the fornix in Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract The fornix bundle is a major white matter pathway of the hippocampus. While volume of the hippocampus has been a primary imaging biomarker of Alzheimer's disease progression, recent research has suggested that the volume and microstructural characteristics of the fornix bundle connecting the hippocampus could add relevant information for diagnosing and staging Alzheimer's disease. Using a robust fornix bundle isolation technique in native diffusion space, this study investigated whether diffusion measurements of the fornix differed between normal older adults and Alzheimer's disease patients when controlling for volume measurements. Data were collected using high gradient multi-shell diffusion-weighted MRI from a Siemens CONNECTOM scanner in 23 Alzheimer's disease and 23 age- and sex-matched control older adults (age range = 53–92). These data were used to reconstruct a continuous fornix bundle in every participant's native diffusion space, from which tract-derived volumetric and diffusion metrics were extracted and compared between groups. Diffusion metrics included those from a tensor model and from a generalized q-sampling imaging model. Results showed no significant differences in tract-derived fornix volumes but did show altered diffusion metrics within tissue classified as the fornix in the Alzheimer's disease group. Comparisons to a manual tracing method indicated the same pattern of results and high correlations between the methods. These results suggest that in Alzheimer's disease, diffusion characteristics may provide more sensitive measures of fornix degeneration than do volume measures and may be a potential early marker for loss of medial temporal lobe connectivity.
Alex’s Year Ends

Summative evaluations, for Heath, were one of those. He scheduled private meetings with each faculty member so that he could review their performances for the school year. The three fifth grade teachers captured the essence of how different factions handled this process.
HUMORAL MECHANISMS UNDERLYING HYPOTHALAMIC AND MESODIENCEPHALIC CONTROL OF APPETITIVE BEHAVIOR AND THERMOREGULATION

Abstract The local release of 3 H- or 14 C-norepinephrine (NE) is elevated markedly in the ventral or rostral hypothalamus as the rat consumes food pellets. When glucose, insulin or 2-deoxy-D-glucose is perfused at the same NE releasing sites within the hypothalamus, the pattern of NE activity changes differentially: glucose inhibits the release of NE; 2-DG enhances the release of NE; and insulin causes a delayed efflux of the catecholamine. Therefore, the noradrenergic synapses in this part of the hypothalamus seem to be involved in the monitoring of nutrient levels in the CNS. In other experiments on body temperature, the efflux of 4 5 Ca ++ in the posterior hypothalamus changes in a compensatory fashion when an intense thermal challenge is delivered to a cat. That is, if the environmental temperature is lowered, or the thermoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus are cooled, Ca ++ efflux increases in the posterior hypothalamus. However, when warm stimuli are delivered either peripherally or centrally, Ca ++ ions are retained in this structure. Thus, it would appear that endogenous calcium plays an active role in the defense of an animal's temperature set-point.
Embryonic atrazine exposure elicits proteomic, behavioral, and brain abnormalities with developmental time specific gene expression signatures

Abstract Atrazine (ATZ), the second most commonly used herbicide in the United States, is an endocrine disrupting chemical linked to cancer and a common drinking water contaminant. This study further investigates ATZ-related developmental toxicity by testing the following hypotheses in zebrafish: the effects of embryonic ATZ exposure are dependent on timing of exposure; embryonic ATZ exposure alters brain development and function; and embryonic ATZ exposure changes protein abundance in carcinogenesis-related pathways. After exposing embryos to 0, 0.3, 3, or 30 parts per billion (ppb) ATZ, we monitored the expression of cytochrome P450 family 17 subfamily A member 1 (cyp17a1), glyoxalase I (glo1), ring finger protein 14 (rnf14), salt inducible kinase 2 (sik2), tetratricopeptide domain 3 (ttc3), and tumor protein D52 like 1 (tpd52l1) at multiple embryonic time points to determine normal expression and if ATZ exposure altered expression. Only cyp17a1 had normal dynamic expression, but ttc3 and tpd52l1 had ATZ-related expression changes before 72 h. Larvae exposed to 0.3 ppb ATZ had increased brain length, while larvae exposed to 30 ppb ATZ were hypoactive. Proteomic analysis identified altered protein abundance in pathways related to cellular function, neurodevelopment, and genital-tract cancer. The results indicate embryonic ATZ toxicity involves interactions of multiple pathways. Significance This is the first report of proteomic alterations following embryonic exposure to atrazine, an environmentally persistent pesticide and common water contaminant. Although the transcriptomic alterations in larval zebrafish with embryonic atrazine exposure have been reported, neither the time at which gene expression changes occur nor the resulting proteomic changes have been investigated. This study seeks to address these knowledge gaps by evaluating atrazine's effect on gene expression through multiple time points during embryogenesis, and correlating changes in gene expression to pathological alterations in brain length and functional changes in behavior. Finally, pathway analysis of the proteomic alterations identifies connections between the molecular changes and functional outcomes associated with embryonic atrazine exposure.
[Research Paper] Automatic Checking of Regular Expressions

Regular expressions are extensively used to process strings. The regular expression language is concise which makes it easy for developers to use but also makes it easy for developers to make mistakes. Since regular expressions are compiled at run-time, the regular expression compiler does not give any feedback on potential errors. This paper describes ACRE - Automatic Checking of Regular Expressions. ACRE takes a regular expression as input and performs 11 different checks on the regular expression. The checks are based on common mistakes. Among the checks are checks for incorrect use of character sets (enclosed by []), wildcards (represented by.), and line anchors (^ and $). ACRE has found errors in 283 out of 826 regular expressions. Each of the 11 checks found at least seven errors. The number of false reports is moderate: 46 of the regular expressions contained a false report. ACRE is simple to use: the user enters a regular expressions and presses the check button. Any violations are reported back to the user with the incorrect portion of the regular expression highlighted. For 9 of the 11 checks, an example accepted string is generated that further illustrates the error.
Pediatric Post-anesthesia Care Unit Challenges Update

The purpose of this review is to discuss the current management of various challenges the health care provider faces in the pediatric post-anesthesia care unit (PACU). Efforts to ameliorate and manage PACU issues in the pediatric patient continue to evolve as new medications and methods of anesthesia delivery are introduced and incorporated into the perioperative period. In this review, emergence delirium (ED), postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), residual neuromuscular blockade, and tracheal extubation in the operating room versus the PACU are addressed. As ED may be self-limited, pharmacologic treatment may only be indicated if there is a concern for patient harm. Midazolam, fentanyl, and propofol have all been shown to be effective in the treatment of emergence delirium. Dexmedetomidine has been shown to decrease the incidence of ED when administered preoperatively or intraoperatively. This has led practitioners to use dexmedetomidine to treat ED in the PACU, though this has not been studied. Postoperative nausea is difficult to assess in the pediatric patient leading to under treatment. In order to capture these children, the BARF score, initially validated for use in oncologic pediatric patients, is validated for use in postoperative pediatric patients 6 years and older. The approach to treating breakthrough PONV in the PACU is guided by the medications administered intraoperatively for prophylactic treatment. Rescue medications from a different class should be selected if fewer than 6 h have passed since the administration of prophylactic antiemetics. Inadequate reversal of neuromuscular blockade intraoperatively results in adverse respiratory events in the PACU. In the past, when maximum doses of reversal agents are administered, the only recourse in the PACU is to provide assisted ventilation. With the introduction of sugammadex, assisted ventilation can be avoided since sugammadex is capable of reversing dense neuromuscular blockade by vecuronium or rocuronium. In the current environment of achieving greater OR efficiency and cost savings, some institutions are moving tracheal extubation from the operating room by trained anesthesiologists to the PACU by trained nurses with physicians immediately available. This practice in two different children’s hospitals is shown to be safe with no greater incidence of adverse respiratory events and with the added benefit of decreasing operating room time. PACU challenges in the pediatric patient continue to occur despite changes in anesthetic practice and introduction of newer medications. It is important to keep abreast of these newer modalities to best manage these PACU conditions.
NATIONAL TRENDS OF ACUTE PERICARDITIS AND PERICARDIAL EFFUSION POST ATRIAL FIBRILLATION ABLATION

Abstract Objective To examine the cardiovascular risks of diclofenac initiation compared with initiation of other traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, initiation of paracetamol, and no initiation. Design Series of 252 nationwide cohort studies, each mimicking the strict design criteria of a clinical trial (emulated trial design). Setting Danish, nationwide, population based health registries (1996-2016). Participants Individuals eligible for inclusion were all adults without malignancy; schizophrenia; dementia; or cardiovascular, kidney, liver, or ulcer diseases (that is, with low baseline risk). The study included 1 370 832 diclofenac initiators, 3 878 454 ibuprofen initiators, 291 490 naproxen initiators, 764 781 healthcare seeking paracetamol initiators matched by propensity score, and 1 303 209 healthcare seeking non-initiators also matched by propensity score. Main outcome measures Cox proportional hazards regression was used to compute the intention to treat hazard ratio (as a measure of the incidence rate ratio) of major adverse cardiovascular events within 30 days of initiation. Results The adverse event rate among diclofenac initiators increased by 50% compared with non-initiators (incidence rate ratio 1.5, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 1.7), 20% compared with paracetamol or ibuprofen initiators (both 1.2, 1.1 to 1.3), and 30% compared with naproxen initiators (1.3, 1.1 to 1.5). The event rate for diclofenac initiators increased for each component of the combined endpoint (1.2 (1.1 to 1.4) for atrial fibrillation/flutter, 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) for ischaemic stroke, 1.7 (1.4 to 2.0) for heart failure, 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) for myocardial infarction, and 1.7 (1.4 to 2.1) for cardiac death) as well as for low doses of diclofenac, compared with non-initiators. Although the relative risk of major adverse cardiovascular events was highest in individuals with low or moderate baseline risk (that is, diabetes mellitus), the absolute risk was highest in individuals with high baseline risk (that is, previous myocardial infarction or heart failure). Diclofenac initiation also increased the risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding at 30 days, by approximately 4.5-fold compared with no initiation, 2.5-fold compared with initiation of ibuprofen or paracetamol, and to a similar extent as naproxen initiation. Conclusions Diclofenac poses a cardiovascular health risk compared with non-use, paracetamol use, and use of other traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Songwriting to Target State Shame, Guilt, and Pride in Adults with Substance Use Disorder on a Detoxification Unit: A Cluster-Randomized Study.

AbstractBackground: Resultant of engaging in behaviors outside of their value systems to maintain addiction, many people with substance use disorder (SUD) feel shame and guilt. Although shame, guil...
CHARACTERIZATION OF A PLASMA MEMBRANE KINASE WHICH SPECIFICALLY PHOSPHORYLATES THE (NA,K)PUMP

Publisher Summary Recently the regulation of the (Na, K) pump in Friend virus transformed murine erythroleukemia cells have been studied. These cells can be induced to undergo erythropoesis when treated with dimethyl sulfoxide or a variety of other agents. All the inducers examined have in common the ability to decrease ouabain sensitive K+ uptake 6 to 10 hours after addition to the cells. Addition of ouabain to these cells along with DMSO accelerates commitment to differentiation and in some cell lines, ouabain alone causes differentiation. Regulation of the (Na, K) pump is essential for terminal differentiation of Friend cells. Plasma membranes from Friend cells was purified and a protein kinase was discovered which phosphorylates the catalytic subunit of the (Na, K)-ATPase both in vitro and in vivo. This chapter describes this kinase. It is highly specific for the (Na, K)-ATPase. When low concentrations of ATP are added to the Friend cell plasma membranes, the endogenous kinase is highly specific for the a subunit of (Na,K)-ATPase. The high specificity and rapid phosphorylation by this kinase strongly suggest that it plays an important role in regulating the (Na, K)-ATPase.
Improved Antibody Response to Three Additional Hepatitis B Vaccine Doses Following Primary Vaccination Failure in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Studies have shown the efficacy of hepatitis B (HBV) vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is impaired, but few data exist regarding the effectiveness of revaccination strategies following primary vaccination failure. Our aim was to analyze the association between administration of additional vaccine doses and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) seroconversion. This is a retrospective cohort study. Inclusion criteria are as follows: age ≥ 18, diagnosis of Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC), inadequate HBsAb 10 IU/L. Outcomes were stratified by age ≥ or < 40 years. We performed logistic and linear multivariable regression analyses for categorical and continuous data. The study cohort consists of (n = 149) 54.4% women; 77.9% white; 72.6% with CD, with mean age: 46.2. Patients of all ages and age ≥ 40 years, who received 3 additional doses of vaccine, were more likely to achieve seroprotective HBsAb levels than patients who received 1 or 2 doses (OR 1.77, P = 0.01; OR 1.9, P = 0.03, respectively, after adjusting for age, sex, race, immunosuppressive medication exposure, time between vaccine/titer). Following initial HBV vaccination failure, patients with IBD of all ages are more likely to develop seroprotective levels of HBsAb following 3 additional vaccine doses, rather than 1 or 2 alone. In patients who fail primary HBV vaccination, providers should consider a more aggressive revaccination strategy with an additional 3-dose series.
The relationship between extended foster care and college outcomes for foster care alumni

The federal Fostering Connections law gives states the option to increase the foster care age limit from age 18 up to age 21. This law could potentially improve postsecondary education outcomes for...
Short- and long-term dynamics of nutrient removal in floating treatment wetlands

Abstract Floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) are a plant-based treatment technology shown to remove excess nutrients and metals from surface waters under a variety of conditions. Plants established in FTWs can accumulate and store nutrients within their tissues, but the amount of uptake and storage is dependent on plant species and nutrient influent concentration. This research was designed to quantify the influence of nutrient load and two plant species on nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns within plant tissues (shoots and roots) so that management recommendations for FTWs can be developed to better protect surface water quality. Treatments consisted of (1) two nutrient loads: a high concentration of 15 mg⋅L−1 nitrogen (N) and a low concentration of 5 mg⋅L−1 N supplied as water soluble fertilizer, and (2) four mesocosm treatments: (a) open water, (b) artificial mat only, no plants, (c) artificial mats planted with Pontederia cordata L., and (d) artificial mats planted with Juncus effusus L.. Plant growth, N, and phosphorus (P) uptake of both P. cordata and J. effusus were greater in the high nutrient treatment than in the low. Pontederia cordata facilitated the highest rates of N (0.31 mg.L.day−1) and P (0.34 mg.L.day−1) removal. The nutrient removal rates facilitated by Juncus effusus in the high nutrient treatment were much lower for both N (0.03 mg.L.day−1) and P (0.02 mg.L.day−1). Peak N and P accumulation in J. effusus occurred in September within both root (50 g N and 4.8 g P) and shoot tissues (98 g N and 12.5 g P). The uptake of N and P in P. cordata was highest in root tissues in August (307 g N and 30.5 g P) and in shoot tissues in September (1490 g N and 219.5 g P). In both species, shoots accumulated more N and P than the roots, resulting in a small root:shoot ratio at all stages of the experiment. Harvest of plants from FTWs should occur before plants senesce in the fall, which using P. cordata and J. effusus as model species, occurred from mid- to late-September in USDA Hardiness Zone 8a in the Southeastern United States.
Public Approval of Exception From Informed Consent in Emergency Clinical Trials: A Systematic Review of Community Consultation Surveys.

Importance The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) created the exception from informed consent (EFIC) pathway in 1996 to allow some emergency trials to enroll patients without informed consent. To protect individual autonomy and preserve public trust, the FDA requires that EFIC trial investigators consult with community members before a trial may begin. Objectives To analyze data from surveys conducted as part of community consultation ahead of EFIC trials and assess levels of public approval. Data Sources All trials granted an EFIC must submit documentation of compliance with EFIC regulations to a publicly available docket at the FDA. Submissions between November 1, 1996, and October 23, 2017, were reviewed. Study Selection Trials with survey data were included. Data Extraction and Synthesis Data were extracted between January 2018 and June 2018 and were analyzed between June 2018 and August 2018. The quality and validity of data were assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A random-effects metaregression was used to assess the association of demographic characteristics with EFIC approval. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary study outcome was EFIC approval. Results The FDA docket contained 15 958 pages of material with survey data for 42 448 individuals submitted by 27 trials. Public approval of EFIC varied by question type, with more people willing to approve initiation of EFIC trials in their community (86.5%) than personal enrollment (73.0%), enrollment of a family member (68.6%), or the principle of enrollment without consent (58.4%) (P Conclusions and Relevance Public approval of EFIC trials varied by question type and by the respondents’ reported race and sex. The demographic characteristics of those surveyed did not match the demographic characteristics of EFIC enrollees. The FDA could strengthen community consultation by standardizing survey instruments and reporting, requiring broader inclusion of African American and male respondents, clarifying the function of surveys in the development and modification of trial protocols, and building more public consensus around the acceptable use of EFIC.
Ultrastructural investigation of the postnatal development of the hamster harderian gland. I. Cell division.

The glandular cells of the Harderian gland of the very young hamsters are loosely arranged in lobules. Large nuclei are present in such cells. Mitosis is observed in the alveolar cells of hamsters of both sexes from the first day to the 3rd week of development. Cell division was not observed after 3 weeks of age. The alveolar cells increase considerably in size after this period. Although sexual dimorphism of the Harderian gland was evident by 3 weeks, the dividing cells from both sexes of this age are ultrastructurally alike.
Pt 1 9 4 , 1 9 6 , 1 9 8 ( p , p ′ ) reactions at 35 MeV

The $^{194,196,198}\mathrm{Pt}(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$ reactions have been studied at a proton energy of 35 MeV using nuclear emulsion plates and a high-resolution position-sensitive proportional counter. Approximately 45 levels were populated in each reaction. In $^{198}\mathrm{Pt}$, 38 of 44 levels to about 3.2 MeV are reported for the first time. Angular distributions from 20\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 110\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} were measured for many of these levels. Several new ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$ assignments were made using empirical shapes of transitions to well-known levels in Pt. The results for the ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={0}^{+},{2}^{+},{4}^{+} \mathrm{and} (\mathrm{for} ^{194}\mathrm{Pt}){6}^{+}$ members of the ground band and the ${2}^{+}$, ${3}^{+}$, and ${4}^{+}$ members of the "quasi-$\ensuremath{\gamma}$" band were analyzed by coupled channels calculations incorporating relative transition strengths from the interacting boson approximation model. The multipole moments of the deformed optical model potential were calculated and compared to moments deduced from other studies.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{194}\mathrm{Pt}(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, $^{196}\mathrm{Pt}(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, $^{198}\mathrm{Pt}(p,{p}^{\ensuremath{'}})$, ${E}_{p}=35$ MeV; measured $\ensuremath{\sigma}({E}_{p},\ensuremath{\theta})$; deduced energies, ${J}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}$; coupled channels calculations, interacting boson approximation model; deduced optical model and deformation parameters, quadrupole and hexadecapole moments; comparisons to Coulomb excitation, ($\ensuremath{\alpha},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$), and ($^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{12}\mathrm{C}$\ensuremath{'}); enriched targets, nuclear emulsion plates (7 keV FWHM) and position-sensitive proportional counter (15 keV FWHM), magnetic spectrograph.
E-231 Impact of hospital-acquired complications in long-term clinical outcomes after subarachnoid hemorrhage

Objective Patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) usually have prolonged hospitalizations due to the need to closely monitor their neurological status. Therefore, these patients have higher risk of experiencing hospital-acquired complications (HACs), which can complicate their clinical course and recovery. However, there is no evidence on the impact of HACs of long-term clinical outcomes. We aimed to identify if HACs are independent risk factors for poor clinical outcomes at 12 to 18 months of follow-up. Methods Retrospective analysis of 323 patients with SAH diagnosis from 2013 until June 2018. We collected patient-related factors (age, sex, BMI, ethnicity), comorbidities (hypertension, smoke status, diabetes, coronary heart diseases, prothrombotic diseases and hypercholesterolemia), clinical variables (Hunt-Hess grade, modified Fisher grade, treatment, delayed cerebral ischemia), aneurysm characteristics (location, size) and HACs (pneumonia, DVT, ITU, EVD infections, sepsis, hyponatremia and acute respiratory distress syndrome). Poor outcomes were defined as mRS ≥ 3. Results 204 patients were included in the primary analysis. 82 (40.2%) experienced one or more HACs during their hospital course. Patients that developed HACs have significantly increased ICU (12.1 ± 6.6 vs 24.3 ± 23.6, p Conclusions HACs put patients at a higher risk of sustaining poor clinical outcomes 12 to 18 months after a SAH. Furthermore, HACs are significantly related with the occurrence of DCI, with non-routine discharge and 90-day poor functional outcomes. Disclosures D. Altschul: 1; C; Medtronic. 2; C; Microvention, Stryker. S. Unda: None. K. Labagnara: None. J. Birnbaum: None. M. Wong: None. R. De La Garza Ramos: None.
Outcomes of in vitro fertilization pregnancies complicated by subchorionic hematoma detected on first-trimester ultrasound.

Objective To estimate the association between subchorionic hematoma (SCH) on ultrasound and pregnancy outcomes in in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies. Design Institutional Review Board–approved, retrospective cohort study. Setting Tertiary care university-based facility. Patient(s) In this study, 1,004 patients who underwent IVF with a viable singleton pregnancy from January 1, 2009 through December 31, 2017. Intervention(s) Subchorionic hematoma versus no hematoma diagnosed on first-trimester ultrasound. Main Outcome Measure(s) Live birth, preterm birth, and spontaneous abortion. Result(s) We found that 1,004 women met the criteria and 187 (18.6%) had an SCH. In bivariate and multivariate regression models, there were no associations between SCH and the outcomes of live birth, preterm birth, or birth weight. Conclusion(s) Subchorionic hematoma detected on first-trimester ultrasound after IVF is not associated with probability of live birth, probability of preterm birth, or infant birth weight in this patient population.
Economic experiments in a classroom improve learning and attitudes toward economics: A case study at a community college of the City University of New York

The author investigates the learning efficiency of economic experiments, an innovative instructional tool that re-creates the outside world within the classroom. This tool enables the instructor to...
An optimized protocol for the generation of HBV viral antigen-specific T lymphocytes from pluripotent stem cells.

Summary In T cell-based cancer immunotherapy, tumor antigen (Ag)-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can specifically target tumor Ags on malignant cells. This promising approach drove us to adopt this strategy of T cell transfer (ACT)-based immunotherapy for chronic viral infections. Here, we describe the generation of hepatitis B virus (HBV) Ag-specific CTLs from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), i.e., iPSC-CTLs. Ag-specific iPSC-CTLs can target HBV Ag+ cells and infiltrate into the liver to suppress HBV replication in a murine model. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Haque et al. (2020) .
A New Approach to Manufacturing with Frontal Polymerization to Generate Patterned Materials.

Using frontal polymerization to create controlled, programmable, and useful patterns in properties of a thermoset polymer without masks, molds, or printers.
Popularity versus quality: analyzing and predicting the success of highly rated crowdfunded projects on Amazon

Crowdfunding is a process of raising money (funding) for a project through a venture of large number of people (crowd). The popular online crowdfunding platforms Kickstarter and Indiegogo provide a stage for innovators worldwide to bring ideas to reality. Despite the popularity and success of many projects on the platforms, it is yet to be determined whether successful projects always produce high quality products. Previously, the quality of crowdfunded products (successfully funded projects from crowdfunding website that are available on Amazon) in the market (e.g., Amazon) has not been statistically and scientifically evaluated. There has been no previous study to understand whether a successful project will receive high/low ratings from customers in e-commerce sites like Amazon. To address this problem, we (i) compare crowdfunded products with traditional products in terms of their ratings on Amazon; (ii) analyze negative reviews of crowdfunded products; (iii) analyze characteristics of the successful projects (received $$\ge $$ 4 Amazon rating) and unsuccessful projects (received < 4 Amazon rating); and (iv) build machine learning models at three different stages, to predict high or low star ratings for a crowdfunded product. Our experimental results show that, on average, crowdfunded products received lower ratings than traditional products. Our ensemble model effectively identifies which product will receive high star-ratings from customers on Amazon. The dataset and code used in this manuscript are available at https://github.com/vishalshar/popularity_vs_quality_data-code .
Design and development of myFAMI application framework: a mHealth self-management intervention for family members of pediatric transplant recipients (Preprint)

BACKGROUND Solid organ transplant is the treatment of choice for children with end-stage organ failure. Ongoing recovery and medical management at home after transplant is important for recovery and transition to daily life. Smartphones are widely used and hold the potential for aiding in the establishment of mHealth protocols. Health care providers, nurses and computer scientists collaboratively designed and developed myFAMI, a smartphone-based intervention application to promote a family-self management intervention for pediatric transplant families. OBJECTIVE This paper presents outcomes of the design stages and development actions of the myFAMI application framework, along with key challenges, limitations, and strengths. METHODS The myFAMI application framework is built upon a theory-based intervention for pediatric transplant patients, with aid from action research methodology. Based on initially defined design motivation, the team of researchers collaboratively explored four research stages (research discussions, feedback & motivations, alpha testing and deployment) and developed features required for successful inauguration of the application in the real-world setting. RESULTS Deriving from application users and their functionalities, the myFAMI application framework is built with two primary components: the web app (for nurses and super-admin usage), and the smartphone applications (for participant/family member usage). The web app stores survey responses and triggers alerts to nurses when required based on the family members' response. The smartphone applications present the notifications sent from the server to the participants and captures survey responses. Both the web app and the smartphone applications were built upon industry-standard software development frameworks and demonstrate great performance while deployed and used by study participants. CONCLUSIONS The paper summarizes a successful and efficient mHealth application building process using a theory-based intervention in nursing and action research methodology in computer science. Focusing on factors to improve efficiency enabled easy navigation of the application and collection of data. This work lays the foundation for researchers to carefully integrate necessary information (from literature or experienced clinicians) to provide a robust and efficient solution, and evaluate the acceptability, utility and usability for similar studies in the future. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1002/nur.22010.
The wonder that is global health

The road to a vocation is most often influenced by many individuals rather than any real understanding of the destination. Some never know their effect and some do, but all contribute a bit of their labor, clearing a trail for a new traveler. In retrospect it is easy to see the forks in the road leading to my interest in global health, but at the time not one would have seemed very significant.
Authoring Fiction as a Form of Group Work

Authoring fiction presents strong parallels with leading counseling groups. Authors and leaders strive to create a climate in which growth can occur. Reading provides an emotionally engaging and sometimes life-changing experience, as does participation in a counseling group. Among readers of a particular book, as among members of a particular group, there are immense differences in the events that stand out as important, and the meanings attached to those events. There are significant similarities in the therapeutic factors and modes of change experienced by readers and members, the values implicit in authoring and leading, and necessary author and leader behaviors.
Approximate solution to the Bethe-Salpeter equation

We present an algebraic method to obtain approximate solutions of the Bethe-Salpeter equation. The approximate solutions have the correct analytic structure and satisfy elastic unitarity. They are able to produce bound states, give their qualitative position and, for attractive interactions, compare numerically quite favorably with avail-able exact values in the elastic region.
Effective Theory Approach to Two-Nucleon Systems

There is growing interest in nuclear physics applications of effective field theory (in the modern sense), because this approach is believed to provide a useful framework for connecting nuclear physics with the symmetries and dynamics of the underlying theory of strong interactions, QCD. I sketch here the basic ideas of this approach and present a few examples of its latest applications.
The Morphing of MTIC Fraud: VAT Fraud Infects Tradable CO2 Permits

Missing trader intra-community (MTIC) fraud has been slowly morphing from cell phones and computer chips to other commodities. In the last few months however MTIC made a dramatic appearance in tradable CO2 permits. It closed exchanges and prompted France and the Netherlands to unilaterally change their tax treatment of CO2 trades. The UK has followed the French treatment in large measure. On Monday June 8, 2009 rumors of MTIC fraud in carbon emission permits closed the main European exchange for spot trading of European Union carbon emissions permits and Kyoto offsets. When BlueNext began trading permits again on Wednesday, June 10, 2009, the certificates, which had previously been subject to the 19.6% French VAT, were exempt (without right of deduction). MTIC fraud in tradable CO2 permits presents a high level policy dilemma – how do you aggressively pursue tax fraud without destroying the tradable permits market? Traditional tax enforcement (aside from direct pursuit of the missing trader) centers on denying deductions for VAT paid to the trader who purchased from the missing trader. This trader could well be innocent, and that is the problem. The standard of proof for allowing this deduction is whether or not this party knew or had reasonable grounds to suspect that the VAT payable in respect of the supply (or any previous or subsequent supply) would go unpaid. The underlying difficulty for the CO2 market is – even if there is no fraud – just the possibility of being denied millions of euro in VAT deductions is a significant increase in risk. On October 13, 2003 the European Parliament and the Council set out the rules for the trading of greenhouse gas emission allowances. The Directive follows from the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol. The intent is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 8% relative to 1990 levels. The trading system began on January 1, 2005. The French, UK and the Dutch have taken self-help measures to prevent MTIC losses. None of these jurisdictions have received permission to make these changes, and objections have been raised in this regard. Each country approaches the problem structurally. The French (and now the UK) have elected (unilaterally) to treat transactions in tradable emission permits as exempt (the French exemption is without right of deduction; the UK is with the right of deduction). The Dutch have taken a different (unilateral) route – a full reverse charge regime. There is a third way, one that approaches the problem through administrative (not structural) mechanisms. It is technology-intensive, requires software certification, but is perfectly fit to a MTIC fraud problem embedded in a regulated digital marketplace. This paper presents this third method.
OCTET: capturing and controlling cross-thread dependences efficiently

Parallel programming is essential for reaping the benefits of parallel hardware, but it is notoriously difficult to develop and debug reliable, scalable software systems. One key challenge is that modern languages and systems provide poor support for ensuring concurrency correctness properties - atomicity, sequential consistency, and multithreaded determinism - because all existing approaches are impractical. Dynamic, software-based approaches slow programs by up to an order of magnitude because capturing and controlling cross-thread dependences (i.e., conflicting accesses to shared memory) requires synchronization at virtually every access to potentially shared memory.This paper introduces a new software-based concurrency control mechanism called OCTET that soundly captures cross-thread dependences and can be used to build dynamic analyses for concurrency correctness. OCTET achieves low overheads by tracking the locality state of each potentially shared object. Non-conflicting accesses conform to the locality state and require no synchronization; only conflicting accesses require a state change and heavyweight synchronization. This optimistic tradeoff leads to significant efficiency gains in capturing cross-thread dependences: a prototype implementation of OCTET in a high-performance Java virtual machine slows real-world concurrent programs by only 26% on average. A dependence recorder, suitable for record & replay, built on top of OCTET adds an additional 5% overhead on average. These results suggest that OCTET can provide a foundation for developing low-overhead analyses that check and enforce concurrency correctness.