cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Alternative to the Dominant Academic Narrative

Lawrenceville’s artistic enclave is centered on the activities of struggling artistic gentrifiers within a post-industrial context. In this chapter, I begin by organizing existing scholarly research findings and theoretical assertions about such enclaves into four major themes. These themes constitute what I refer to as the dominant academic narrative about post-industrial artistic enclaves. This narrative maintains, in short, that in major urban centers, struggling artistic gentrifiers continue to express antagonism toward and opposition to a post-industrial bourgeoisie that welcomes and benefits from, but ultimately displaces their artistic enclaves. I then discuss Lawrenceville’s artistic creative class enclave, maintaining that the existence of such an enclave constitutes an alternative to the dominant academic narrative. Finally, I compare Lawrenceville’s artistic enclave to three related community types.
Prioritizing Non-Functional Requirements in Agile Software Engineering

Developing agile software is a method to deliver and develop software products quickly and effectively. Agile methodology tends to favor Functional Requirements (FRs) while disregarding Non-Functional Requirements (NFRs). Disregarding NFRs can have adverse effects on software that can result in lower quality and increased rate to repair software in later stages. This research is a component of the Capture Elicit and Prioritizing (CEP) methodology. The Prioritizing part of the methdology is covered in this paper. The goal of this research focuses on the prioritizing part to improve the prioritization of NFRs. This study provides methods in NFRs prioritization during beginning stages in agile development process. The Capture Elicit Prioritize methodology prioritizes NFRs by using the αβγ- framework similar to priority of FRs. The αβγ-framework provides unique capabilities to development teams. The interchanging capabilities of the αβγ-framework allows developers to be flexible. Prioritization of NFRs concurs with developing agile software. This accommodates agile developer to plan for budget and time.
Abstract 624: Endothelial Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type I (SR-BI) Mediates LDL Uptake by the Artery Wall and Promotes Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Mice

In endothelial cells, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) binding to scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) promotes the production of the antiatherogenic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) and also endothelial repair. To study how SR-BI in endothelium impacts atherosclerosis, we bred newly-created floxed SR-BI mice, vascular endothelial cadherin promoter-driven Cre recombinase transgenic (VECad-Cre), and apoE -/- mice to generate apoE -/- with normal endothelial SR-BI expression (SR-BI ECIN ;apoE -/- ) or selective deletion of SR-BI from endothelium (SR-BI ECOUT ;apoE -/- ). At weaning all mice were placed on an atherogenic diet (20% fat, 1.25% cholesterol), and plasma lipid profiles and atherosclerosis were evaluated 8 weeks later. Endothelial deletion of SR-BI did not alter the plasma lipid profile. Surprisingly, male SR-BI ECOUT ;apoE -/- mice displayed 63% less atherosclerosis in the en face aorta than male SR-BI ECIN ;apoE -/- mice, aortic root lesions were comparably affected, and similar findings were obtained in females. Recognizing that SR-BI binds both HDL and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), to then discern how endothelial SR-BI promotes atherosclerosis we determined using Di-I-labeled oxidized LDL (oxLDL) if SR-BI influences oxLDL uptake by endothelial cells. Such uptake is the first step in the endothelial transcytosis that delivers LDL to the artery wall to initiate atherogenesis. OxLDL uptake by primary human aortic endothelial cells was blunted by 87% by SR-BI blocking antibody, and it was also decreased by SR-BI deletion via siRNA, and by the chemical inhibitor of SR-BI BLT-1. Furthermore, SR-BI blocking antibody and BLT-1 caused marked declines in endothelial oxLDL transcytosis. Moreover, 4 hours following IV administration, oxLDL uptake in aorta was decreased by 84% in SR-BI ECOUT ;apoE -/- versus SR-BI ECIN ;apoE -/- mice. These collective findings indicate that endothelial SR-BI plays an important role in atherogenesis, and that it likely does so by mediating LDL uptake into the artery wall. They further suggest that there are mechanisms that govern LDL transport across endothelium that may be targeted to provide novel means to combat atherosclerosis.
Post Processing Recommender Systems for Diversity

Collaborative filtering is a broad and powerful framework for building recommendation systems that has seen widespread adoption. Over the past decade, the propensity of such systems for favoring popular products and thus creating echo chambers have been observed. This has given rise to an active area of research that seeks to diversify recommendations generated by such algorithms. We address the problem of increasing diversity in recom- mendation systems that are based on collaborative filtering that use past ratings to predict a rating quality for potential recommendations. Following our earlier work, we formulate recommendation system design as a subgraph selection problem from a candidate super-graph of potential recommendations where both diversity and rating quality are explicitly optimized: (1) On the modeling side, we define a new flexible notion of diversity that allows a system designer to prescribe the number of recommendations each item should receive, and smoothly penalizes deviations from this distribution. (2) On the algorithmic side, we show that minimum-cost network flow methods yield fast algorithms in theory and practice for designing recommendation subgraphs that optimize this notion of diversity. (3) On the empirical side, we show the effectiveness of our new model and method to increase diversity while maintaining high rating quality in standard rating data sets from Netflix and MovieLens.
Optical Properties of Metal-Dielectric Composites

Metamaterials consist of artificially structured units that are made from naturally-occurring substances, including dielectrics, semiconductors and metals. Although the character of the composite architecture can be quite distinct from its constituents, it is essential to study the properties of these constituent materials in order to explore further the design and implementation of metamaterials as a whole. In Chap. 2 we review the optical properties of dielectrics and metals, with additional emphasis placed on the modification of their performance when particle sizes reach down to the nanoscale. In the last section of the chapter, we discuss the physics of metal-dielectric composites along with a number of mixing rules for evaluating the effective parameters of such composite media.
Trends in cigarette smoking and obesity in Appalachian Kentucky.

Objectives The southern region of the United States, particularly central and southern Appalachia, has long been identified as an area of health inequities. An updated and more complete understanding of the association among the leading risk factors for such health inequities allows researchers, clinicians, and policymakers to focus their efforts on the most effective strategies to minimize these risks. Methods Using the most recent survey data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, we examined 10-year trends in rates of cigarette smoking and obesity in Appalachian Kentucky, comparing these trends with national and non-Appalachian Kentucky rates. Results Women and men from Appalachian Kentucky smoke cigarettes at rates 1.8 times and 1.6 times higher, respectively, than their national counterparts. Although rates of smoking in Appalachian Kentucky, non-Appalachian Kentucky, and the United States have decreased, such decreases among Appalachian Kentucky women have been minimal. Adding to these concerning trends, obesity rates in Appalachian adults are much higher than in non-Appalachian Kentucky or the United States overall, although Appalachian Kentucky smokers are less likely to be obese than nonsmokers. Low socioeconomic status and impeded access to health care characterize the Appalachian communities in which these risk behaviors occur and likely account for the prevalence of these most risky behaviors. Conclusions A continuum of approaches to address smoking and obesity is warranted. Such approaches range from ensuring access to smoking cessation programs to implementing community- and state-level policies to curb smoking and unhealthy energy balance (eg, smoke-free policies and increases in tobacco and "junk food" taxes) and culturally appropriate individual-level interventions (evidence-based smoking cessation and weight-loss programming).
Temporal Derivative Distribution Repair (TDDR): A motion correction method for fNIRS

Abstract Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical neuroimaging technique of growing interest as a tool for investigation of cortical activity. Due to the on-head placement of optodes, artifacts arising from head motion are relatively less severe than for functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). However, it is still necessary to remove motion artifacts. We present a novel motion correction procedure based on robust regression, which effectively removes baseline shift and spike artifacts without the need for any user-supplied parameters. Our simulations show that this method yields better activation detection performance than 5 other current motion correction methods. In our empirical validation on a working memory task in a sample of children 7–15 years, our method produced stronger and more extensive activation than any of the other methods tested. The new motion correction method enhances the viability of fNIRS as a functional neuroimaging modality for use in populations not amenable to fMRI.
Surgical Hints for Robot-Assisted Transvesical Simple Prostatectomy.

Abstract Objectives To report a step-by-step technique for robot-assisted transvesical simple prostatectomy (RASP) focusing on surgical hints to facilitate the procedure. Methods From January 2014 to April 2018 the institutional database was queried for consecutive patients undergoing RASP performed by a single-surgeon. Procedures were performed according to standardized steps as reported in the accompanying video. Ports were placed in a 'W' configuration. Surgery started with the bladder detachment, then the endopelvic fascia was exposed. The bladder neck was incised in a longitudinal fashion. Exposure of the adenoma was aided by using Keith needles. The bladder mucosa was incised and the dissection of the adenoma was performed till complete adenomectomy. Hemostasis of the enucleation bed was performed with electrocauterization. A 2-0 Polysorb suture was used for accomplishing the trigonization. Bladder closure was performed in double layer. A Foley catheter was inserted, then a water-tightness test was performed. Specimen was retrieved via the incision for the optical port. Results Twenty-eight patients were performed, according to the described technique. Median prostate volume was 180 cm3. Median blood losses were 200 mL. No intraoperative complications were recorded. Four patients had minor complications (14%). Median catheterization time was 8 days. Regarding functional outcomes, patients had significant improvement of Qmax, postvoided residual volume, and international prostate symptom score at postoperative control (P Conclusion RASP is feasible, safe and effective, and represents a viable approach to large adenomas. Prospective comparison with alternative minimally-invasive endoscopic techniques is warranted.
JUUL: Spreading Online and Offline.

Abstract Purpose The increasing popularity of the JUUL electronic nicotine delivery system among youth poses several potential public health concerns. Social media can be used to better understand the spread of information related to JUUL. This study examined whether adolescents (age Methods We collected 3,239 tweets from JUUL's official Twitter account (@JUULVapor) for one full year from February 2017 to January 2018. These tweets were shared by Twitter users to their followers 1,124times by 721 unique users. Users were determined to be either adolescent (age Results One-quarter (25%) of users were determined to be adolescents. Social network analysis revealed a maximum path length of 4 and a positive assortativity (r = .29). There were 25 (9%) instances of an adolescent retweeting content from another adolescent, 35 (12%) of an adolescent retweeting from an adult, and 30 (11%) of an adult retweeting from an adolescent. Conclusions JUUL's official Twitter account is being followed—and its messages are being shared—by adolescents. Rigorous policies and prevention programs are needed to curb adolescent exposure to JUUL content and discussions online.
Calibrated helium and carbon ion flow measurements in the DIII-D divertor plasma

Abstract To explore the influence of drifts on ion flows in the DIII-D divertor and Scrape-Off-Layer (SOL), a calibrated Coherence Imaging System (CIS) views the lower divertor. A new tuneable calibration laser and precision wavemeter provide the rest wavelength for CIII 465 nm plasma emissions resulting in ≤ 1 km/s uncertainty in ion velocities that are in the range of 30 km/s in the divertor plasma. The 2-D line-integrated velocity images have been tomographically inverted to obtain maps of ion velocity. Both He + and C 2 + ion velocity maps were measured in both directions of the toroidal magnetic field BT, and C 2 + images were obtained in attached and detached L- and H-mode plasmas. The measured C 2 + velocities are in the range of 20–30 km/s and are compared with UEDGE modeling with full drifts. While He II as a main ion is expected to be entrained in the plasma flow, the C 2 + impurity flow involves the competition between the frictional and ion temperature gradient forces. Both the CIS data and UEDGE modeling agree that the C 2 + flow is towards the divertor plates, but flips with the direction of BT. In general, the experimental C 2 + emission and flow profiles have a wider spatial extent than the UEDGE modeling.
The Family Resilience Inventory: A Culturally Grounded Measure of Current and Family-of-Origin Protective Processes in Native American Families.

The purpose of this article is to introduce the Family Resilience Inventory (FRI) and present findings on initial efforts to validate this measure. The FRI is designed to assess family resilience in one's current family and in one's family of origin, enabling the assessment of family protective factors across these generations. The development of the FRI was the result of many years of ethnographic research with Southeastern Native American tribes; yet, we believe that this scale is applicable to families of various backgrounds. Items for the FRI were derived directly from thematic analysis of qualitative data with 436 participants, resulting in two 20-item scales. Due to missing data, eight cases were removed from the 127 participants across two tribes, resulting in an analytic sample size of 119. Conceptually, the FRI is comprised of two factors or scales measuring distinct dimensions of family resilience (i.e., resilience in one's current family and resilience in one's family of origin). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis supported the hypothesized two-factor structure (X2 (644) = 814.14, p = .03, X2 /df = 1.10, RMSEA = .03, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Both the subscales and the total FRI scale (α = .92) demonstrated excellent reliability. The results also provided preliminary evidence of convergent and discriminant validity. This measure fills a gap in the absence of community-based, culturally grounded, and empirical measures of family resilience. The examination of family resilience, which may occur across generations, is an exciting new contribution of the FRI.
One Hour a Week: Moving to Prevent Disability in Adults With Lower Extremity Joint Symptoms.

Introduction Physical activity guidelines recommend minimum thresholds. This study sought to identify evidence-based thresholds to maintain disability-free status over 4years among adults with lower extremity joint symptoms. Methods Prospective multisite Osteoarthritis Initiative accelerometer monitoring cohort data from September 2008 through December 2014 were analyzed. Adults (n=1,564) aged ≥49years at elevated disability risk because of lower extremity joint symptoms were analyzed for biennial assessments of disability-free status from gait speed ≥1meter/second (mobility disability–free) and self-report of no limitations in activities of daily living (activities of daily living disability–free). Classification tree analyses conducted in 2017–2018 identified optimal thresholds across candidate activity intensities (sedentary, light, moderate–vigorous, total light and moderate–vigorous activity, and moderate–vigorous accrued in bouts lasting ≥10 minutes). Results Minimal thresholds of 56 and 55 moderate–vigorous minutes/week best predicted disability-free status over 4years from mobility and activities of daily living disabilities, respectively, across the candidate measures. Thresholds were consistent across sex, BMI, age, and knee osteoarthritis presence. Mobility disability onset was one eighth as frequent (3% vs 24%, RR=0.14, 95% CI=0.09, 0.20) and activities of daily living disability onset was almost half (12% vs 23%, RR=0.55, 95% CI=0.44, 0.70) among people above versus below the minimum threshold. Conclusions Attaining an evidence-based threshold of approximately 1-hour moderate–vigorous activity/week significantly increased the likelihood of maintaining disability-free status over 4years. This minimum threshold tied to maintaining independent living abilities has value as an intermediate goal to motivate adults to take action towards the many health benefits of a physically active lifestyle.
Ten Percent of Those We Teach and They Serve: A Case Study of Incorporating Gay and Lesbian Studies into the Curriculum

Growing up as a gay or lesbian person in American society frequently means experiencing extreme physical and verbal abuse, emotional stresses, educational problems and rejection and isolation from ...
Impact of a High-Volume Gynecologic Surgeon Preceptor on Benign Laparoscopic Hysterectomy

Objective: To compare operative times and surgical outcomes of women undergoing benign laparoscopic hysterectomy by general obstetrician–gynecologists (OB-GYNs) alone with those performed by genera...
Evaluating nanopore sequencing data processing pipelines for structural variation identification

Structural variations (SVs) account for about 1% of the differences among human genomes and play a significant role in phenotypic variation and disease susceptibility. The emerging nanopore sequencing technology can generate long sequence reads and can potentially provide accurate SV identification. However, the tools for aligning long-read data and detecting SVs have not been thoroughly evaluated. Using four nanopore datasets, including both empirical and simulated reads, we evaluate four alignment tools and three SV detection tools. We also evaluate the impact of sequencing depth on SV detection. Finally, we develop a machine learning approach to integrate call sets from multiple pipelines. Overall SV callers’ performance varies depending on the SV types. For an initial data assessment, we recommend using aligner minimap2 in combination with SV caller Sniffles because of their speed and relatively balanced performance. For detailed analysis, we recommend incorporating information from multiple call sets to improve the SV call performance. We present a workflow for evaluating aligners and SV callers for nanopore sequencing data and approaches for integrating multiple call sets. Our results indicate that additional optimizations are needed to improve SV detection accuracy and sensitivity, and an integrated call set can provide enhanced performance. The nanopore technology is improving, and the sequencing community is likely to grow accordingly. In turn, better benchmark call sets will be available to more accurately assess the performance of available tools and facilitate further tool development.
Orthogonally oriented scaffolds with aligned fibers for engineering intestinal smooth muscle

Abstract Controlling cellular alignment is critical in engineering intestines with desired structure and function. Although previous studies have examined the directional alignment of cells on the surface (x–y plane) of parallel fibers, quantitative analysis of the cellular alignment inside implanted scaffolds with oriented fibers has not been reported. This study examined the cellular alignment in the x–z and y–z planes of scaffolds made with two layers of orthogonally oriented fibers. The cellular orientation inside implanted scaffolds was evaluated with immunofluorescence. Quantitative analysis of coherency between cell orientation and fiber direction confirmed that cells aligned along the fibers not only on the surface (x–y plane) but also inside the scaffolds (x–z & y–z planes). Our study demonstrated that two layers of orthogonally aligned scaffolds can generate the histological organization of cells similar to that of intestinal circular and longitudinal smooth muscle.
Single-cell analysis reveals mechanisms of plasticity of leukemia initiating cells

Leukemia initiating cells (LICs) fuel leukemic growth and spark relapse. Previously thought to be primitive and rare, the LIC state may actually be heterogeneous and dynamic, enabling evasion of therapies. Here, we use single-cell transcriptomics to dissect the ontogeny of MLL-rearranged B-lymphoblastic leukemia (MLL-r B-ALL). Although we identify rare transcriptionally and phenotypically primitive LICs, we also observe LICs emerging from more differentiated populations with the capability to replenish the full cellular diversity of MLL-r B-ALL. We find that activation of MYC-driven oxidative phosphorylation controls this process of LIC state conversion.
From “Mind Playing Tricks On Me” to “Trauma”: Adverse Childhood Experiences and Hip Hop’s Prescription

Over the past two decades, research focused on the causes and the lasting impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences, or ACEs, has been changing the way researchers, healthcare providers, and advocates approach areas like mental health, risky behaviors, and chronic disease. Numerous studies have produced and solidified results that present three undeniable truths: (1) the vast majority of Americans have experienced some form of trauma in their childhood, (2) people with low income or educational attainment and people of color experience increased instances of childhood trauma and adversity, and (3) the more childhood trauma an individual experiences, the higher the risk that he or she will be exposed to “multiple risk factors for several of the leading causes of death in adults.” The causal link between childhood trauma and negative health outcomes has been shown to be so severe that Dr. Robert Block, former president of the American Academy of Pediatrics, notably stated, “Adverse Childhood Experiences are the single greatest unaddressed public health threat facing our nation today.” Childhood trauma and adversity has shaped the music, careers, and lives of many of hip-hop’s brightest stars. The lasting impact of traumatic childhood experiences has propelled some artists to international stardom, as listeners around the globe are able to connect with them through the honest and raw lyrics and musical styles born out of, and in spite of, such adversity. What can hip-hop, a proud and storied genre that is no stranger to taking on taboo topics, and its artists, many of whom are the products of communities teeming with adversity, tell us about Adverse Childhood Experiences? How can lawmakers, mental healthcare providers, and community activists work to address and curtail the prevalence and negative impact of childhood trauma through the framework provided to them by hip-hop artists and messages? Messages that dictate action by courageously challenging the complacent status quo, beginning with efforts that spread awareness and education, and building on the work of those in the field that have come before? What would laws and policies developed through a hip hop framework look like? This article seeks to answer these questions and to encourage immediate action in combating the epidemic of childhood trauma.
Cosmological constraints from H ii starburst galaxy apparent magnitude and other cosmological measurements

We use HII starburst galaxy apparent magnitude measurements to constrain cosmological parameters in six cosmological models. A joint analysis of HII galaxy, quasar angular size, baryon acoustic oscillations peak length scale, and Hubble parameter measurements result in relatively model-independent and restrictive estimates of the current values of the non-relativistic matter density parameter $\Omega_{\rm m_0}$ and the Hubble constant $H_0$. These estimates favor a 2.0$\sigma$ to 3.4$\sigma$ (depending on cosmological model) lower $H_0$ than what is measured from the local expansion rate. The combined data are consistent with dark energy being a cosmological constant and with flat spatial hypersurfaces, but do not strongly rule out mild dark energy dynamics or slightly non-flat spatial geometries.
Pressure-Shear Plate Impact Experiments at High Pressures

The pressure shear plate impact (PSPI) experiment, developed over 40 years ago by R. J. Clifton at Brown University enables the study of the dynamic strength of materials at high pressures and strain rates. Traditional PSPI experiments were typically conducted at velocities and corresponding pressures, limiting the experimental conditions not to exceed the Hugoniot Elastic Limit (HEL) of the anvil materials, with typical values of 3–7 GPa. In this work, PSPI experiments are extended to higher pressures, significantly beyond the HEL, approaching 50 GPa, using a powder gun facility at Caltech. The high-pressure and high-velocity impact regimes introduce several experimental challenges which must be overcome: (1) the inelastic behavior of the anvils at high pressures precludes traditional elastic analysis to extract the material’s strength; (2) the potential for slip between impact faces as a result of elevated temperatures and shear forces on the impact surfaces due to higher velocities and pressures; and (3) accurate measurement of the transverse velocity at large normal displacements, resulting from the higher impact velocities. New experimental capabilities have been developed to overcome each of these technical challenges, which include a new all fiber-optic heterodyne transverse velocity interferometer system. New analysis methods that account for the inelastic response of the flyer and anvil plates have also been developed for the accurate extraction of material strength properties from PSPI experiments. Friction and slip were examined, pushing to the limits of their knowledge under these extreme conditions. The new PSPI capabilities have been demonstrated using tungsten carbide and D2 tool steel anvils for measuring the strength of soda–lime glass and magnesium.
The Admissibility of Memories and Beliefs: The Hearsay Exception that Even the Best Judges Frequently Misunderstand

A great deal of confusion surrounds Federal Rule of Evidence 803(3), the hearsay exception that generally allows the admission of statements describing the speaker's mental state -- unless the mental state is a memory or belief offered to prove the truth of the speaker's memory or belief. This article clarifies the working of that exception, and reviews a number of reported decisions in which state and federal appellate courts have been confused by its theory and operation. The article focuses on two lines of criminal cases in which the courts have demonstrated particular difficulty and misunderstanding in applying this hearsay exception: (1) Cases in which the accused offers evidence that he himself told others out of court that he thought he was innocent, and (2) Cases in which the prosecution offers evidence that a murder victim had once told others about her fear of the accused on the basis of things he had done or said to her in the past. The article concludes with a cautionary note about the important implications these mistaken appellate decisions carry for a trial judge who is faced with the challenge of deciding whether to admit evidence under this exception, especially in the many cases in which such a ruling would require the judge to trust a jury to understand and follow a distinction that has bedeviled so many of the most experienced appellate judges in the nation.
Strategies to Improve Adherence to Supplemental Oxygen Therapy

The prescription of home oxygen for chronic lung disease patients is life-changing for patients and their families. Home oxygen therapy is a physically cumbersome and socially significant treatment, as well as an emotional one that announces disease progression. Existing evidence for the benefits of home oxygen has large gaps and varies across diagnoses; yet, for many patients, oxygen provides the sole treatment for palliation of breathlessness, fatigue, and anxiety. The problems reported by patients using supplemental oxygen have added to our understanding of barriers to adherence and include inadequate and late education, equipment restrictions, and poor communication and problem-solving strategies with healthcare professionals and oxygen suppliers. Healthcare professionals are often unprepared and uninformed regarding regulatory and reimbursement realities, and inadequate equipment and services from durable medical equipment companies that now define ambulatory oxygen. Larger portable systems may negatively affect adherence, physical activity, and HRQoL. Potential life-changing consequences of home oxygen therapy include loss of independence and ability to safely and comfortably leave home for extended periods, engage socially, work, and exercise. Successful use of home oxygen therapy is multifactorial and requires early interventions including patient and family education, and communication between the patient, healthcare professional, and oxygen supplier.
Following in the Footsteps of Ronald G. Douglas

Many of you knew my father Ronald Douglas as a mentor, a collaborator or a colleague. While I never wrote a paper with him, he was a powerful influence on my own career. Some of my most important works, such as those on Dirichlet branes and noncommutative geometry, turned out to have strong connections with his work. In this talk I will reminisce a bit and describe a few of these works and connections.
Autonomous Vehicle Security Through Privacy Integrated Context Ontology(PICO)

Autonomous Vehicles (AV), Vehicular Network (VN), and Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) is becoming an emerging way of smart integrated network communication that continues to gain a lot of attention because of the benefits in terms of services, efficiency, productivity, and safety; such as avoiding accidents, traffic time management, and proactive navigation around obstacles or mishap on roads. Within the technological infrastructure, AVs, and Roadside Units (RSU) can communicate as a node, and share information such as safety warnings, location information, and traffic information for achieving and improving safety significantly at the cost of unresolved privacy and cybersecurity vulnerabilities that can lead to a fatal result or privacy breach. We provide an overview of Autonomous Vehicles, Vehicular Network, and Intelligent Transportation Systems with an illustration of potential services, and cybersecurity constraint by presenting the architecture and a Privacy Integrated Context Ontology (PICO) model as a strategy of addressing privacy challenges in contextual information exchanged due to Autonomous Vehicle interactions.
Cyberattack Detection for Electric Vehicles Using Physics-Guided Machine Learning

With the continuous development of intellectualization and network interconnection, the cyber–physical security of power electronics systems has become increasingly prominent. Particularly, powertrain systems composed of one or more electric drives in modern electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming more vulnerable to cyberthreats due to the connection to external networks in the intelligent traffic environment. In this article, we design a physics-guided machine learning to detect cyberattacks on EVs considering varying driving scenarios, which, to the best if our knowledge, has not been attempted before. To reflect the transient physical characteristics of EVs, we collect both device-level (e.g., current and voltage in the motor drive) and vehicle-level signals. Then, innovative data features concerning critical system performance and physical dynamics of the vehicle are proposed, with which we leverage data-driven methodology with high-fidelity physical power electronics and vehicular models. Based on the physics-guided data features, a machine-learning-based classifier is developed and validated in an OPAL-RT hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation testbed and demonstrates high accuracy under various driving scenarios.
The (minimal) persuasive advantage of political video over text

Concerns about video-based political persuasion are prevalent in both popular and academic circles, predicated on the assumption that video is more compelling than text. To date, however, this assumption remains largely untested in the political domain. Here, we provide such a test. We begin by drawing a theoretical distinction between two dimensions for which video might be more efficacious than text: 1) one's belief that a depicted event actually occurred and 2) the extent to which one's attitudes and behavior are changed. We test this model across two high-powered survey experiments varying exposure to politically persuasive messaging (total n = 7,609 Americans; 26,584 observations). Respondents were shown a selection of persuasive messages drawn from a diverse sample of 72 clips. For each message, they were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: a short video, a detailed transcript of the video, or a control condition. Overall, we find that individuals are more likely to believe an event occurred when it is presented in video versus textual form, but the impact on attitudes and behavioral intentions is much smaller. Importantly, for both dimensions, these effects are highly stable across messages and respondent subgroups. Moreover, when it comes to attitudes and engagement, the difference between the video and text conditions is comparable to, if not smaller than, the difference between the text and control conditions. Taken together, these results call into question widely held assumptions about the unique persuasive power of political video over text.
Single-cell immunophenotyping of the skin lesion erythema migrans identifies IgM memory B cells

The skin lesion erythema migrans (EM) is an initial sign of the Ixodes tick-transmitted Borreliella spirochetal infection known as Lyme disease. T cells and innate immune cells have previously been shown to predominate the EM lesion and promote the reaction. Despite the established importance of B cells and antibodies in preventing infection, the role of B cells in the skin immune response to Borreliella is unknown. Here, we used single-cell RNA-Seq in conjunction with B cell receptor (BCR) sequencing to immunophenotype EM lesions and their associated B cells and BCR repertoires. We found that B cells were more abundant in EM in comparison with autologous uninvolved skin; many were clonally expanded and had circulating relatives. EM-associated B cells upregulated the expression of MHC class II genes and exhibited preferential IgM isotype usage. A subset also exhibited low levels of somatic hypermutation despite a gene expression profile consistent with memory B cells. Our study demonstrates that single-cell gene expression with paired BCR sequencing can be used to interrogate the sparse B cell populations in human skin and reveals that B cells in the skin infection site in early Lyme disease expressed a phenotype consistent with local antigen presentation and antibody production.
Spatial variability of epi- and mesopelagic backscattering layers remains relatively constant over multi-year monitoring across the southeastern U.S. shelf break

Acoustic echosounders can measure the distribution and abundance of pelagic organisms over varying spatial and temporal scales. The spatial variability of 38 kHz backscatter along the U.S. Mid- and South Atlantic continental slope was measured from ship-based surveys (50–100 km2) at seven sites over a four year period. We used variogram analysis to estimate the horizontal spatial structure of backscatter measurements and examined how these varied among sites, across years, and with environmental factors. Average patch sizes were consistently between 2 and 4 km for surveys across time and location. Modeled variogram range varied significantly with the depth of the backscatter layer, but linear effect sizes were negligible (<1m). Chlorophyll a (chl-a) concentration had a significant positive effect on range (95 m), suggesting patch sizes are slightly larger in the epipelagic where chl-a concentration is higher. Incorporating variogram range, sill, and nugget produced some clustering of backscatter spatial autocorrelation with depth, particularly for the deepest sites assessed. These results offer insight into nekton and macrozooplankton backscatter patterns in important shelf slope systems, and provide needed information to design accurate long-term monitoring programs for offshore marine habitats. [Work supported by BOEM/ONR/NOAA under NOPP]
Effects of Thrust Magnitude and Duration on Immediate Postspinal Manipulation Trunk Muscle Spindle Responses

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study was to characterize trunk muscle spindle responses immediately after high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulation (HVLA-SM) delivered at various thrust magnitudes and thrust durations. Methods Secondary analysis from multiple studies involving anesthetized adult cats (N = 70; 2.3-6.0 kg) receiving L6 HVLA-SM. Muscle spindle afferent recordings were obtained from L6 dorsal rootlets before, during, and immediately after HVLA-SM. L6 HVLA-SM was delivered posteriorly-to-anteriorly using a feedback motor with peak thrust magnitudes of 25%, 55%, and 85% of cat body weight (BW) and thrust durations of 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 ms. Time to the first action potential and muscle spindle discharge frequency at 1 and 2 seconds post–HVLA-SM were determined. Results A significant association between HVLA-SM thrust magnitude and immediate (≤2 s) muscle spindle response was found (P .05). Conclusion The present study found that HVLA-SM thrust magnitudes delivered at 55% BW were more likely to affect immediate (≤2 s) post–HVLA-SM muscle spindle response.
Pipeline embolization of ruptured, previously coiled cerebral aneurysms: Case series and considerations for management

Aneurysmal recurrence represents a significant drawback of endovascular coiling, particularly in aneurysms that have previously ruptured. Given the high recurrence rate of coiled aneurysms and particularly the risk of posttreatment rupture in previously ruptured aneurysms that have been treated by coiling, the question of how best to treat ruptured aneurysms that recur postcoiling remains. We conducted a retrospective analysis of twenty patients who underwent pipeline embolization of previously ruptured, coiled cerebral aneurysms. Pipeline embolization device (PED) treatment resulted in complete aneurysmal occlusion in 10 patients (62.5%) at first angiographic follow-up, and 11 patients (68.75%) at last follow-up. No PED-related complications were encountered and there were no peri-procedural or postprocedural hemorrhages, or symptomatic ischemic events following flow diversion. PED as a second-line treatment is a safe and effective modality for achieving aneurysmal occlusion in recurrent, previously ruptured, primarily coiled aneurysms. Additionally, a staged coil-to-PED approach may be considered for the management of acutely ruptured aneurysms to achieve aneurysmal obliteration in an effort to mitigate recurrence, and reduce the amount of postprocedural studies.
Other Differential State Models

In the previous chapters the state models have had a particular form, expressed in terms of first order ordinary differential equations. In those models the rate of change of each state variable could be expressed in terms of the values of the state and input variables at the same instant of time. However, there are physical features which cannot be captured using such models. In this chapter state models are briefly examined where the rate of change of each state variable is allowed to have a more general dependence; in particular the rate of change of each state variable may depend on the values of the state and input variables at the same and earlier instants of time.
Tasting in 2D: implications of food shape, visual cues, and oral haptic sensory inputs

Marketers often vary the shape and dimensions of food products. But could changing the shape (e.g., molding food into cubes or rectangular prisms) or altering the dimensions (e.g., cutting food into thicker or thinner pieces) have unintended consequences in terms of influencing consumers’ size perceptions, calorie estimates, or desired consumption volume of the food? Research related to visual inputs and the elongation bias would suggest that thicker and cube-shaped foods would be perceived as larger and higher in calories; however, research related to oral haptic sensory inputs (i.e., the way the food feels in the mouth) would suggest that thinner and rectangular shaped foods would be perceived as larger and higher in calories. We test these competing predictions in a series of three experimental studies and find support for the oral haptic-based hypothesis. Conceptual and managerial implications are discussed.
New optimization algorithm for digital communication filters

This paper presents algorithms for designing valid M-band filters that can be used to construct robust transmit-receive filters for data communication systems.
Adaptive Immune Responses to Infection and Opportunities for Vaccine Development (Rickettsiaceae)

Genera belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae, Rickettsia and Orientia, include human pathogens. The diseases they cause are referred to as rickettsioses in this chapter. They share three critical factors with implications in pathogenesis and immunity: (i) they are transmitted by arthropod vectors; (ii) they are obligate intracellular bacteria that inhabit the cell cytoplasm; and (iii) the predominant target is the endothelium. The only exception is Rickettsia akari, the agent of rickettsial-pox, which predominantly infects monocytes and macrophages. The chapter emphasizes on some findings and suggests a framework for a modern conceptualization of the field of rickettsiology at the interface with immunology. The development of the adaptive immune response is conditioned by the innate immune mechanisms activated during early events of the infection. The study of the endothelium in the context of true endothelium-target infections offers new opportunities to explore the role of the endothelium in orchestrating or modifying immune responses. The study of the response to two of the most successful human vaccines in history, the yellow fever vaccine and the smallpox vaccine, is likely to yield relevant paradigms that we could use as guideposts in rickettsiology. Development of a modern vaccine against Rickettsiaor Orientia should aim at mimicking a physiological immune response in the sense that all branches of adaptive immunity should be stimulated. This implies the identification of a combination of antigens that together can stimulate protective responses mediated by CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, and B cells (antibodies).
The Techniques of Calculus

Although problems of integration are usually of greater importance than those of differentiation, the latter offer less formal difficulty than the former. Therefore it is a natural procedure first to master the art of differentiating the widest possible classes of functions ; then by the fundamental theorem (Section 2.9) the results of differentiation are available for evaluating integrals. In the following sections we shall pursue such applications of the fundamental theorem. To a certain extent we shall make a fresh start and develop techniques of integration systematically on the basis of certain general rules for differentiation.
Intracellular Location and Properties of Bovine Brain Sialidase

Abstract Intracellular distribution of the sialidase of adult bovine brain gray matter was determined. The sialidase was found to be concentrated in the synaptosome fraction, and when the latter was disrupted and further fractionated, sialidase activity was found to be concentrated in the synaptosomal membrane. Sialidase in all cell fractions showed activity toward an intrinsic endogenous substrate, as well as toward added disialo- and trisialogangliosides, and sialyllactose. Km values for the sialidase in an acetone powder preparation from gross gray matter were 8 x 10-5 and 2 x 10-3 m for gangliosides and sialyllactose, respectively. There was an unequivocal lag phase of about 15 min between the time of addition of exogenous substrate and the time the sialidase measurably acted on it. The enzyme was found to act on the intrinsic endogenous substrate during the lag phase. Thin layer chromatography showed monosialo-, disialo-, and trisialogangliosides to be present in all cell fractions having sialidase activity. Analysis of the active fractions after incubation at 37° for 75 min without added exogenous substrate showed that monosialoganglioside, the end product of enzyme action on the intrinsic ganglioside substrate, remained associated with the membrane fragments.
A Variationist Approach to Text: What Role-Players Can Teach Us about Form and Meaning

The purpose of my essay is twofold: (1) I demonstrate how analytical techniques from the variationist research paradigm in sociolinguistics provide the scholar with additional tools to understand the relationship between form and meaning, and (2) through this kind of analysis, I present an example of how real-world notions of gendered speech are extended to the dialogue in texts that emerge from virtual interactions. I use the term form in the linguistic sense to represent a meaningful unit of language. In this sense, go and going are two distinct linguistic forms. By contrast, literary form, as it is typically construed, represents the assembly of linguistic forms into a literary composition. For example, poets utilize the syllabic structure of particular linguistic forms in the creation of systematically metered verses. In this case, aspects of the linguistic form (i.e., syllable structure) are integral to the development of the literary (i.e., poetic) form. For authors who leverage dialogue as a means of characterization (e.g., William Faulkner), vernacular linguistic forms are used to create a sense of authenticity, which contributes to the plausibility of their fiction. While distinct, the meanings associated with linguistic forms help to shape the meaning that readers associate with particular literary forms. Through quantitative analysis, I describe how social meaning—those ideologically grounded notions that emerge from the social experiences and understandings of a particular group—becomes associated with particular linguistic forms and how these meanings serve to characterize a particular text. I examine collaboratively authored texts that emerge from interactions in an online role-playing game to demonstrate that authors’ use of nonstandard spellings helps create stereotypically male characters who are linguistically positioned in opposition to non-male characters in their dialogue. In order to understand why a variationist approach can be useful to literary scholars, I will begin by exploring why previous quantitative approaches have had little success in contributing to literary theorization and will then describe how the variationist approach differs.