cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microstructure‐Strength Properties in Ceramics: II, Fatigue Relations

The study of crack-size effects in aluminas and other selected ceramics in Part I is here extended to dynamic fatigue properties. Controlled flaws are used to measure the fatigue response in the large-crack (indentation-controlled) and small-crack (microstructure-controlled) regions. It is demonstrated that the “microstructural driving forces” responsible for the R-curve behavior are readily accommodated into existing indentation fracture theories of fatigue strengths. The modified theory provides well-defined solutions for the strengths in terms of stressing rate and indentation load. Two load-invariant quantities, relating to the exponent and coefficient in an assumed power-law crack velocity function, are sufficient to define the entire data set for a given material, at all stressing rates and loads. This is demonstrated graphically by reducing such data sets onto universal fatigue diagrams. The data for sapphire do not coincide with those for the poly crystalline aluminas, suggesting again that it is the grain-boundary structure which holds the key to the fracture properties in the latter. From the standpoint of reliability, the study emphasizes the need to account for microstructural effects when extrapolating to the domain of naturally occurring flaws. In this context, the adjustable quantities obtained from the dynamic fatigue data fits emerge as appropriate design parameters.
Effects of photoperiod and 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone on male-induced estrus in prairie voles

Abstract Prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) are characterized as facultative breeders with higher rates of reproductive activities observed during spring and summer than autumn and winter. The environmental factors regulating seasonal breeding in this species remain unspecified. Short day lengths inhibit reproductive organ development in male prairie voles in the laboratory, but these males remain fertile and capable of siring offspring; female prairie voles have been reported to be reproductively unresponsive to day length in the laboratory. The organization of estrus in this species is unusual in that females never display the cyclic changes associated with estrus; rather, female prairie voles require chemosensory stimuli associated with fertile males in order to be induced into estrus. The plant compound, 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), is present in vegetatively growing grasses and sedges and acts to trigger reproduction in other rodent species exposed to short days. It was suspected that 6-MBOA present in the laboratory diet may have overridden the effects of photoperiod on female prairie voles in previous laboratory studies. In the present study, the effects of 6-MBOA and photoperiod on estrus induction were examined. Beginning at Week 0, female prairie voles were housed in long (LD 16:8) or short (LD 8:16) photoperiods for 9 weeks, then implanted subcutaneously either with an empty Silastic capsule or one packed with 6-MBOA. A special diet, devoid of 6-MBOA, was available ad lib from Week 5 to the end of the study. At the start of Week 11, a single drop of breeder male urine or distilled water was applied to the external nares of each female daily for 6 consecutive days. Neither exposure to male urine nor to 6-MBOA affected reproductive organ masses in short-day females. In long days, uterine and ovarian masses were elevated as compared to short-day voles. Treatment with male urine, but not 6-MBOA, further stimulated uterine development in long-day females. Taken together, these results document that the reproductive systems of female prairie voles respond to day length, but are not particularly responsive to short-term exposure to 6-MBOA.
Early Alzheimer's Disease: Diagnostic Considerations

An 82-year-old cognitively healthy man was assessed longitudinally until very mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type was diagnosed by clinical research criteria and documented by psychometric testing at age 85 years. Four months after diagnosis, Alzheimer's disease was confirmed neuropathologically. The diagnostic difficulties involved in distinguishing early senile dementia of the Alzheimer type-Alzheimer's disease from normal aging are examined and clinical and pathologic features useful for their discrimination are discussed.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Turbulent Lean Premixed Combustion.

In recent years, due to the advent of high-performance computers and advanced numerical algorithms, direct numerical simulation (DNS) of combustion has emerged as a valuable computational research tool, in concert with experimentation. The role of DNS in delivering new Scientific insight into turbulent combustion is illustrated using results from a recent 3D turbulent premixed flame simulation. To understand the influence of turbulence on the flame structure, a 3D fully-resolved DNS of a spatially-developing lean methane-air turbulent Bunsen flame was performed in the thin reaction zones regime. A reduced chemical model for methane-air chemistry consisting of 13 resolved species, 4 quasi-steady state species and 73 elementary reactions was developed specifically for the current simulation. The data is analyzed to study possible influences of turbulence on the flame thickness. The results show that the average flame thickness increases, in qualitative agreement with several experimental results.
Public Virtue: Law and the Social Character of Religion

In Public Virtue: Law and the Social Character of Religion, Christopher Mooney advocates a central role for public virtue in American social life. The author first locates public virtue within the history of political thought in the United States, and then illustrates its presence and absence in contemporary society. Mooney's basic argument is that public virtue is necessary to promote the common good, and requires tolerance, dialogue, and acceptance of ambiguity. The book's appeal is broad. Lawyers, politicians and ministers, as well as scholars in law, political theory, religion and ethics, will profit from the author's analysis of public and professional conduct. While the book offers a sustained defense of public virtue, it can also be read as separate essays on Mooney's major themes of law, religion and morality.
Wave equation with porous nonlinear acoustic boundary conditions generates a well-posed dynamical system

We consider a structural acoustic wave equation with nonlinear acoustic boundary conditions. This is a coupled system of second and first order in time partial differential equations, with boundary conditions on the interface. We prove wellposedness in the Hadamard sense for strong and weak solutions. The main tool used in the proof is the theory of nonlinear semigroups. We present the system of partial differential equations as a suitable Cauchy problem dw/dt = Aw. Though the operator A is not maximally dissipative we are able to show that it is a translate of a maximally dissipative operator. The obtained semigroup solution is shown to satisfy a suitable variational equality, thus giving weak solutions to the system of PDEs. The results obtained (i) dispel the notion that the model does not generate semigroup solutions, (ii) provide treatment of nonlinear models, and (iii) provide existence of a correct state space which is invariant under the flow-thus showing that physical model under consideration is a dynamical system. The latter is obtained by eliminating compatibility conditions which have been assumed in previous work (on the linear case).
VLSI Photonic Ring Multicomputer Interconnect: Architecture and Signal Processing Performance

This paper presents the architectural design of a multicomputer interconnection network based on the use of optical technology. The performance of the system is evaluated on a set of signal processing applications. The interconnect uses Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) and flexible fiber image guides to implement a physical ring topology that is logically configured as a multiring. Processors in the multicomputer are nodes on the ring and extremely high communication bandwidth is possible. Using the Laser Channel Allocation (LCA) algorithm and the Deficit Round Robin (DRR) media access protocol, the bandwidth available in the optical interconnect can be reconfigured to make efficient use of the interconnect resources. A discrete-event simulation model of the interconnect is used to examine performance issues such as throughput, latency, fairness, and the impact of reconfigurability.
Electronic structure and dynamics of nitrosyl porphyrins.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule employed to regulate essential physiological processes. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the interaction of NO with heme, which is found at the active site of many proteins that recognize NO, as well as those involved in its creation and elimination. We summarize what we have learned from investigations of the structure, vibrational properties, and conformational dynamics of NO complexes with ferrous porphyrins, as well as computational investigations in support of these experimental studies. Multitemperature crystallographic data reveal variations in the orientational disorder of the nitrosyl ligand. In some cases, equilibria among NO orientations can be analyzed using the van't Hoff relationship and the free energy and enthalpy of the solid-state transitions evaluated experimentally. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations predict that intrinsic barriers to torsional rotation are smaller than thermal energies at physiological temperatures, and...
CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ANTENNARIA GAERTNER (ASTERACEAE: INULEAE)

Chromosome numbers are presented for 99 populations of 13 species of Antennaria, including A. plantaginifolia, A. neglecta, A. virginica, A. solitaria, A. racemosa, A. corymbosa, A. rosea, A. media, A. Parlinii, A. fallax, A. neodioica, A. canadensis, and A. petaloidea. Four species from the eastern United States (A. plantaginifolia, A. neglecta, A. solitaria, and A. virginica) were determined as diploid (n = 14), and these are all sexual. Diploid counts were also obtained for two sexual species (A. racemosa and A. corymbosa) from the western United States. Chromosome counts are presented for two heteroploid agamic complexes occurring in the eastern United States; these include what have traditionally been referred to as A. Parlinii, A. fallax, A. neodioica, A. canadensis, and A. petaloidea. Determinations of 2n = 56, 70, 84, and 112 were obtained for the A. Parlinii and A. fallax groups, where 2n = 84 had been the only number previously reported. Numbers of 2n = 84 were confirmed for A. petaloidea and A. canadensis and 2n = 56 for A. neodioica. The western United States polyploid species (A. rosea and A. media) are reported as 2n = 56. The presence of apomixis is correlated with polyploidy. The distribution of chromosome numbers in eastern United States Antennaria demonstrates that two diploids and many polyploids occur above the glacial margin, and thus there is an increase in the frequency of polyploidy with latitude. Colonization of the glaciated region by Antennaria following the recession of the Wisconsin ice sheet is also discussed. Many of the polyploids occur only in the glaciated region, thus suggesting a recent origin for these cytotypes. There is evidence indicating that the original base number in Antennaria may be
Bradyarrhythmias in the Elderly

Over the next decade, there will be a dramatic increase in the number of elderly people in the United States and in most parts of the world. With this increase, there will be an accompanying increase in patients with sinus node dysfunction and atrioventricular block; therefore, it will be essential for health care personnel to have a basic knowledge of bradyarrhythmias and the considerations required for managing these rhythms in elderly patients. In particular, comprehensive assessment before decisions on medical and device-based management is critical and must take into account social issues and the presence of comorbid conditions.
Are asian immigrant engineers the same? earning differences among Asian immigrant engineers in the U.S. by nationality

This study compares the earnings of U.S.- and Asian-educated Asian immigrant engineers of various nationalities as well as relative to U.S.-born, U.S.-educated whites and Asian Americans. Results confirm internal differences among Asian immigrant engineers and lend support to region-specific human capital theory regarding the influence of economic status of and the use of English in the country of origin on earnings of immigrant workers.
Imaging bond breaking and vibrational energy transfer in small water containing clusters

Abstract This letter presents a brief overview of our recent experimental studies of state-to-state vibrational predissociation (VP) dynamics of small hydrogen bonded (H-bonded) clusters following vibrational excitation. Velocity map imaging (VMI) and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) are used to determine accurate bond dissociation energies ( D 0 ) of (H 2 O) 2 , (H 2 O) 3, HCl–H 2 O and NH 3 –H 2 O. Pair-correlated product energy distributions from the VP of these complexes are also presented and compared to theoretical models. Further insights into mechanisms are obtained from the recent quasi-classical trajectory (QCT) calculations of Bowman and coworkers. The D 0 values for (H 2 O) 2 and (H 2 O) 3 are in very good agreement with recent calculated values, and the results are used to estimate the contributions of cooperative interactions to the H-bonding network.
The M/V Selendang Ayu disaster: Linkages between policy change, gaps, and crises

The 2004 M/V Selendang Ayu grounding in the Aleutian Islands was the worst spill disaster to hit Alaska coastal waters since the 1989 Exxon Valdez catastrophe. The grounding – resulting in several ...
Impact of soil amendments on metribuzin and DCPA half-lives and mobility into agricultural runoff water

The retention and behavior of two herbicides, metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-4, 5-dihydro-3-methylthio-1, 2, 4-triazin-5-one] and DCPA [1, 4-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrachloro-, dimethyl] ester, in runoff and seepage water from agricultural fields were investigated. The objectives of this investigation were to: (i) determine the dissipation and half-life (T 1/2) of metribuzin and DCPA herbicides in soil under three management practices: chicken manure (CM), sewage sludge (SS), and no-mulch native soil (NM); (ii) monitor herbicides residues in runoff and infiltration water following addition of soil amendments; and (iii) determine the impact of soil amendments on the transport of NO3, NH4, and PO4 from soil into surface and subsurface water. Half-life (T 1/2) values of metribuzin were 24, 18, and 12 d in CM, SS, and NM treatments, respectively. Similarly, T 1/2 values of DCPA were greater in CM and SS incorporated soil (45.8 and 52.2 d, respectively) compared to NM native soil (26.2 d). Add...
Development of the ovarian follicles in relation to changes in plasma parameters and 53Δ HSD in snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina

Abstract 1. 1. Follicular development in snapping turtle, Chelydra serpentina, was studied in relation to changes in plasma levels of estradiol-17β, total protein, calcium, inorganic phosphate and cholesterol. 2. 2. Histochemical reaction for 3β-HSD in granulosa and theca cells of the follicles is strong during the preovulatory and vitellogenic phases when the follicles attain their maximum size (18–22 mm) and estradiol is at a high level. 3. 3. The reaction for 3β-HSD is weal during the postovulatory phase when the developing follicles are at their minimum size (5–7 mm) and estradiol is low. 4. 4. Administration of estradiol-17β causes a rise in plasma calcium, total protein, inorganic phosphate and cholesterol.
Modulation of Melanocyte Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 by Immune Cytokines

Abstract Human melanocyte expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) with or without stimulation by interferon gamma (IFN-α), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), or interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1 α), was measured utilizing direct immunofluorescence and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Melanocytes grown in vitro expressed low levels of ICAM-1, which could be increased by exposing the cells to IFN-G, TNF-α, or IL-1α. Each cytokine caused an enhancement of melanocyte ICAM-1 expression in a dose-dependent fashion. The lowest dose necessary to cause a significant increase in melanocyte ICAM-1 expression was 1 U/ml IFN-G, 0.3 ng/ml TNF-α, or 3 U/ml IL-1a. Melanocytes were most sensitive to TNF-α stimulation, with the greatest levels of ICAM-1 expression following 30 ng/ml or more TNF-α. When IFN-G was added to melanocyte cultures in combination with TNF-α or IL-1α, there was an additive increase in ICAM-1 expression but no synergy was noted with the combined cytokines. To our knowledge, this is the first report of melanocyte ICAM-1 induction by TNF-α and IL-1α and by physiologically relevant doses of IFN-G. Because of the importance of ICAM-1 in the regulation of immune cell-target interactions, the study of ICAM-1 expression by melanocytes may help us to better understand immune mechanisms of melanocyte injury.
Abstract B72: Citrus secondary metabolites: Potential natural compounds inhibiting human cancer cells

Citrus provide protection against certain types of cancer due to the presence of specific bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, carotenoids and tri‐terpenoids (mainly limonoids). Limonoids are known to inhibit number of human cancer cells through altering various biochemical pathways. Limonoids have shown induction of Phase II enzymes (both GST and QR) in mice suggesting their potential role in cancer prevention detoxification. Research form our laboratory has shown limonoids can induce apoptosis in colon, breast carcinoma and neuroblastom cells. Certain limonoids and flavonoids have shown induction of caspase mediated apoptosis and our recent in vivo study has shown inhibition of inflammatory proteins expression in Azoxymethane induced rats. Limonin and its glucoside have shown induction of intrinsic apoptosis, though involvement of Ca++ in SW‐480 cells. These limonoids were non‐toxic against 112CoN and NIH3T3 cells. Nomilin, one of the abundant limonoids found in citrus, has shown to arrest cell cycle of colon cancer cells when treated at 200µM. On the other hand, flavonoids of citrus demonstrated structure‐related inhibition of colon cancer cells. Among the eight major flavonoids of citrus (which includes flavone, flavonols and flavanones), molecules with double bond at carbon 2nd and 3rd position have shown potential inhibition. Furthermore, the flavonoids, with higher number of hydroxyl groups, have shown significant induction of apoptosis. Apigenin and Quercetagetin have shown significant induction of apoptosis in colon cancer cells. The results of these findings will be discussed in detail. These results are based on the work supported by the USDA‐CSREES # 2009‐34402‐19831 “Designing Foods for Health” through the Vegetable and Fruit Improvement Center. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B72.
Cell‐Cycle Analysis Using A Monoclonal Antibody to Brdurd

The flow cytometric measurement of DNA distributions of cells has many applications in biomedical research. Phase fractions estimated (calculated) from such distributions are used to study the growth characteristics of various types of cells, particularly when the cells have been exposed to perturbing agents such as chemotherapeutic drugs. For more than 10 years many methods for resolving DNA distributions into the three cell subpopulations (G1, S and G2 + M) have been reported in the literature. A new method of analysis utilizing a monoclonal antibody to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) has been developed (Gratzner, 1982; Dolbeare et al., 1983) which makes it possible in most cases to accurately determine phase fractions without resorting to mathematical models. The procedure involves the incorporation of BrdUrd by growing (DNA synthesizing) S phase cells, labelling the BrdUrd with a fluorescent monoclonal antibody, and the bivariate measurement of the antibody and of total DNA content, the latter through propidium-iodide staining. The resulting bivariate distributions clearly and simply resolve the three subpopulations. This paper describes the method and illustrates its use in the analysis of various fractions of elutriated exponentially growing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
Cell culture of the endocrine pancreas of the mouse in chemically defined media

Monolayer cultures of endocrine pancreatic cells from both fetal and postnatal mice have been established on a chemically defined medium, MPNL65/C, of high osmolality (340 mOsm). Precocious settling and attachment of fibroblastoid cells over the first 12 hr in vitro permitted the establishment, by decanting, of clusters of epithelioid cells in culture with very little fibroblastic contamination. Substituting high osmolality medium MPNL65/C at 36 hr of culture resulted in cytotoxic changes in contaminating fibroblasts within a few days; on the contrary, rapid cell outgrowth from the epithelioid clusters to form monolayers was not retarded. As determined by light microscopic observation of living and stained cultures, the pancreatic β cell was the major surviving cell species; no differentiated exocrine cells were detected; the question of other surviving endocrine cell types (α-1, α-2 cells) was not resolved. That the cultured β cells were endocrinologically competent was demonstrated by their synthesis and secretion of insulin. However, the levels of insulin secretion declined with increasing time in culture, and disruption of the monlayer due to unexplained causes was seen between the 3rd and 4th weeks in vitro. The murine monlayer cultures were unresponsive to glucose stimulation of insulin secretion, and in this way differed from primary pancreatic cell cultures of other mammalian species described by others.
Hyperconvexity of ℝ-trees

It is shown that for a metric space (M,d) the following are equivalent: (i) M is a complete R-tree; (ii) M is hyperconvex and has unique metric segments.
Charge-state dependence of energy loss in random solids

We measured the energy loss of 10-, 16-, and 25-MeV oxygen ions in a thin (7.5{mu}g/cm{sup 2}) carbon foil as a function of input charge state (q=4{endash}8). At this thickness, charge-state equilibrium is nearly attained, but the energy losses accumulated over the ion{close_quote}s trajectory are a function of its initial charge state. Using a set of pertinent microscopic atomic collision cross sections computed using the classical trajectory Monte Carlo method, we link these parameters to the observed charge-state dependence on energy loss through a classical transport simulation. This simulation also leads to a prediction of charge-state equilibrium fractions. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2003

Abstract The 2003 Atlantic hurricane season is described. The season was very active, with 16 tropical storms, 7 of which became hurricanes. There were 49 deaths directly attributed to this year’s tropical cyclones.
Predicting County-Level Southern Pine Beetle Outbreaks from Neighborhood Patterns

The southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is the most destructive insect in southern forests. States have kept county-level records on the locations of beetle outbreaks for the past 50 yr. This study determined how accurately patterns of county-level infestations in preceding years could predict infestation occurrence in the current year and if there were emergent patterns that correlated strongly with beetle outbreaks. A variety of methods were tested as infestation predictors, including quantification of either the exact locations of infested grid cells during one or two preceding years, or the neighborhood infestation intensity (number of infested cells in a neighborhood) in these years. The methods had similar predictive abilities, but the simpler methods performed somewhat better than the more complex ones. The factors most correlated with infestations in future years were infestation in the current year and the number of surrounding counties that were infested. Infestation history helped to predict the probability of future infestations in a region, but county-level patterns alone left much of the year-to-year variability unexplained.
Agent-based distance vector routing: a resource efficient and scalable approach to routing in large communication networks

In spite of the ever-increasing availability of computation and communication resources in modern networks, the overhead associated with network management protocols, such as traffic control and routing, continues to be an important aspect in the design of new methodologies. Resource efficiency of such protocols has become even more prominent with the recent developments of wireless and ad hoc networks, which are marked by much more severe resource constraints in terms of bandwidth, memory, and computational capabilities. This paper presents an agent-based approach to distance vector routing (ADVR) that addresses these resource constraints. ADVR is a resource efficient implementation of distance vector routing that is fault tolerant and scales well for large networks. ADVR draws upon some basic biologically inspired principles to facilitate coordination among the mobile agents that implement the routing task. Specifically, simulated pheromones are used to control the movement of agents within the network and to dynamically adjust the number of agents in the population. The behavior of ADVR is analyzed and compared to that of traditional distance vector routing.
Introduction: Anthropological Encounters with Intimate Partner Violence

Anthropological encounters with intimate partner violence (IPV) are common experiences, in part because the profession involves becoming integrated into people's lives and the unfolding of everyday occurrences. Even anthropologists whose research does not focus on various forms of IPV find themselves engaging—often uncomfortably—with the topic. The goal of this issue is to move encounters with intimate partner violence out of the shadows of our research experiences, the backs of our minds, and the corners of the anthropological literature, and into the spotlight. Thus this issue is designed for those who do not study IPV as much as it is for those who do.
Automorphisms of graphs, p-subgroups of out(Fn) and the Euler characteristics of Out(Fn)

Abstract Finite subgroups of Out( F n ) are studied by analyzing isometry groups of graphs. The results of this analysis are used to derive information about the powers of primes which divide the denominator of the rational Euler characteristics of Out( F n ). This information together with a result from a previous paper by the same authors gives information about the kernel of the map from Out( F n ) to GL( n , ℤ) for n even.
Problems in the formulation of the Dyson spin-wave theory

Abstract Formal problems are considered which arise when the Dyson spin-wave theory is used to calculate dynamical properties of magnetic systems. It is shown that the Dyson Hamiltonian correctly represents the operator which generates infinitesimal time displacements in the system, that the Hamiltonian has real expectation values, and that the non-Hermiticity of the Hamiltonian is irrelevant to the physics of the problem. It is pointed out that algebraically correct operations on the boson operators can lead to unphysical results. The Bogoliubov transformation is suggested to be such a case unless the form of scalar products is simultaneously transformed. This difficulty is independent of the “kinematic interaction.”
Tracking human queues using single-point signal monitoring

We investigate using smartphone WiFi signals to track human queues, which are common in many business areas such as retail stores, airports, and theme parks. Real-time monitoring of such queues would enable a wealth of new applications, such as bottleneck analysis, shift assignments, and dynamic workflow scheduling. We take a minimum infrastructure approach and thus utilize a single monitor placed close to the service area along with transmitting phones. Our strategy extracts unique features embedded in signal traces to infer the critical time points when a person reaches the head of the queue and finishes service, and from these inferences we derive a person's waiting and service times. We develop two approaches in our system, one is directly feature-driven and the second uses a simple Bayesian network. Extensive experiments conducted both in the laboratory as well as in two public facilities demonstrate that our system is robust to real-world environments. We show that in spite of noisy signal readings, our methods can measure service and waiting times to within a $10$ second resolution.
Prospects For Process Control Using Fourier Transformed Near Infrared Data

Methods are proposed for utilising Fourier transformed near infrared data (FTNIR) in on-line systems for product identification and process control. Tests on spectra from a laboratory-based instrument gave encouraging results.
Polarized Emission from a Rhenium Metal-Ligand Complex

We report the first observation of polarized emission from a rhenium-phenanthroline complex, Re(CO)3(phen)Cl. Highly luminescent rhenium complexes are known, with quantum yields near 0.5 and lifetimes in excess of 10 μs. The detection of polarized emission suggests the use of rhenium complexes as probes of the hydrodynamics of large macromolecular complexes and for use in fluorescence polarization immunoassays with gated detection.
Aspects of two-nucleon transfer reactions

Abstract Two-nucleon transfer reactions are studied with special emphasis on the form factors. Zero-range approximation is assumed. Form factors are calculated for the reaction, 40 Ca(t, p) 42 Ca ground state. The nucleus 42 Ca is taken to consist of two neutrons plus the 40 Ca closed shell. Wave functions are determined from multiconfiguration shell-model calculations. Harmonic oscillator single-particle functions are used as a basis and the core-particle interaction is taken to be a Woods-Saxon potential. Results are presented for calculations including as many as 50 configurations. These results are generally in agreement with the calculations of Ibarra and Bayman, except that no evidence is found for the “extra node” in the radial form factor just beyond the nuclear surface. The asymptotic properties of two-nucleon form factors are discussed, and a critique is given of previous approaches, including the recent work of Ibarra. Zero-range DWBA is reformulated in such a way that the effect on the cross section of the assumed form of the interparticle potential can be studied. This also results in a cross section free of arbitrary normalization constants. The cross-section shapes were found to be insensitive to the form of the interaction and the absolute cross section predicted was found to be much too small by a factor of 15.
Correspondence of ores of silver and gold with basement terranes in the American southwest

The ratios of silver to gold produced from epigenetic ore districts of the American southwest reveal a consistency of value ranges, differing by an order of magnitude, that may be identified with either one or the other of two geologic terranes in which the ores occur. A discriminating value of the ratio is about 17.5∶1, the ratio of crustal abundance given by Ahrens (1965). (No further significance is attributed to this value, at this time, beyond the fact that it appears to establish a reasonable separation of values on the basis of geographic occurrence.) Ores relatively enriched in Ag occur in terranes floored by thick Proterozoic clastic and Paleozoic marine successions, and ores relatively enriched in Au lie above or within a Proterozoic basement dominated by maficfelsic volcanic (arc) successions. Proterozoic granites occur in each region. The values of the ratio are broadly consistent within each terrane, irrespective of the age of ore formation, the ore deposit style, associated igneous rocks, structural control, differing interpreted styles of subduction, and weathering histories. These characteristics and associations support a hypothesis that metallogenic signatures of ore districts in this region are fundamentally related to the crust in which the ores occur.
The WOCE data resource

The World Ocean Circulation Experiment, the largest global oceanographic program ever mounted, has almost completed its field phase. Data are now being made available to researchers for synthesis activities. This article is designed to introduce oceanographers, meteorologists, and climate investigators to the existence of this important, and increasing, data resource and to encourage them to use it.
Structure of carbon fiber obtained from nanotube-reinforced mesophase pitch

Flow-induced orientation of discotic mesophase precursor typically leads to a center-origin, radial microstructure in the resulting carbon fibers. In the present study, we report the microstructure of carbon fibers that were derived from mesophase pitch that was modified using carbon multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs). For an MWNT content as low as 0.1 wt.%, the microstructure was found to be fairly random (rather than radial).
Carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens isolates producing Bush group 2f β-lactamase (SME-1) in the United States: results from the MYSTIC Programme

Two carbapenem (imipenem, meropenem)-resistant Serratia marcescens strains were isolated in the United States (Chicago, IL) through the 1999 MYSTIC (Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection) Programme. The S. marcescens antimicrobial susceptible patterns were: susceptible to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime (MICs, 32 microg/ml) and aztreonam (MIC, > = 16 microg/ml). Each S. marcescens isolate shared an identical epidemiologic type (ribotype and PFGE) and the outer membrane protein profile was also identical to those of the wild type susceptible strains from the same medical center. The PCR utilizing bla(sme-1) primers amplified a gene product that was identified as consistent with SME-1 after DNA sequencing. Imipenem and meropenem resistance due to production of carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes among clinical isolates is still very rare, but microbiology laboratories should be aware of these chromosomally encoded enzymes among class C beta-lactamases producing enteric bacilli such as S. marcescens and Enterobacter cloacae.
GMR and Structure in Sputtered Co90Fe10/Ag Multilayers

Giant magnetoresistance (GMR), structure, and magnetic properties of sputtered (Co90Fe10X A/Ag Y A) multilayer films have been investigated. Distinct GMR behaviors including granular- type (GGMR) and ‘discontinuous’ (DGMR) are observed which are strongly dependent on the individual CoFe and Ag layer thicknesses; however, standard multilayer GMR and the associated antiferromagnetic (AFM) coupling is absent. The multilayer structure, individual layer thicknesses, and growth texture were investigated using high and low angle x-ray diffraction (HXRD & LXRD).
Generic object recognition using multiple representations

Real-world image understanding tasks often involve complex object models which are not adequately represented by a single representational scheme for the various recognition scenarios encountered in practice. Multiple representations, on the other hand, allow different matching strategies to be applied for the same object, or even for different parts of the same object. This paper is concerned with the derivation of hierarchical CAD models having multiple representations - concave/convex edges and straight homogeneous generalized cylinder - and their use for generic object recognition in outdoor visible imagery. It also presents a refocused matching algorithm that uses a hierarchically structured model database to facilitate generic object recognition. Experimental results demonstrating generic recognition of objects in perspective, aerial images are presented.
ENSO in a hybrid coupled model. Part II: prediction with piggyback data assimilation

A hybrid coupled model (HCM) for the tropical Pacific ocean-atmosphere system is employed for ENSO prediction. The HCM consists of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ocean general circulation model and an empirical atmospheric model. In hindcast experiments, a correlation skill competitive to other prediction models is obtained, so we use this system to examine the effects of several initialization schemes on ENSO prediction. Initialization with wind stress data and initialization with wind stress reconstructed from SST using the atmospheric model give comparable skill levels. In re-estimating the atmospheric model in order to prevent hindcast-period wind information from entering through empirical atmospheric model, we note some sensitivity to the estimation data set, but this is considered to have limited impact for ENSO prediction purposes. Examination of subsurface heat content anomalies in these cases and a case forced only by the difference between observed and reconstructed winds suggests that at the current level of prediction skill, the crucial wind components for initialization are those associated with the slow ENSO mode, rather than with atmospheric internal variability. A “piggyback” suboptimal data assimilation is tested in which the Climate Prediction Center data assimilation product from a related ocean model is used to correct the ocean initial thermal field. This yields improved skill, suggesting that not all ENSO prediction systems need to invest in costly data assimilation efforts, provided the prediction and assimilation models are sufficiently close.
Permian longitudes of Wrangellia, Stikinia, and Eastern Klamath terranes based on coral biogeography

Trend-surface analysis of biogeographic data and probabilistic estimates of diversity and similarity provide a new approach to understanding the origin of North American suspect terranes. Results from Permian corals indicate that (1) the eastern boundary of the Tethyan coral province was about 2000 km west of the North American craton; (2) Eastern Klamath and Stikinia were close to one another and were up to 6700 km west of North America during the Early Permian; (3) Wrangellia was situated to the southeast of Stikinia, as much as 5000 km west of the craton; (4) the Late Permian location of the Eastern Klamath terrane was 3000-5800 km west of the craton and between 11° and 21°N; and (5) the Eastern Klamath terrane moved westward during the Permian, possibly as a result of back-arc spreading.
Multiferroicity with coexisting isotropic and anisotropic spins in Ca 3 Co 2 − x Mn x O 6

We study magnetic and multiferroic behavior in Ca${}_{3}$Co${}_{2\ensuremath{-}x}$Mn${}_{x}$O${}_{6}$ ($x\ensuremath{\sim}$ 0.97) by high-field measurements of magnetization ($M$), magnetostriction [$L$($H$)/$L$], electric polarization ($P$), and magnetocaloric effect. This study also gives insight into the zero- and low-magnetic-field magnetic structure and magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms. We measured $M$ and $\ensuremath{\Delta}$$L$/$L$ up to pulsed magnetic fields of 92 T, and determined the saturation moment and field. On the controversial topic of the spin states of Co${}^{2+}$ and Mn${}^{4+}$ ions, we find evidence for $S=\frac{3}{2}$ spins for both ions with no magnetic-field-induced spin-state crossovers. Our data also indicate that Mn${}^{4+}$ spins are quasi-isotropic and develop components in the $ab$ plane in applied magnetic fields of 10 T. These spins cant until saturation at 85 T, whereas the Ising Co${}^{2+}$ spins saturate by 25 T. Furthermore, our results imply that the mechanism for suppression of electric polarization with magnetic fields near 10 T is flopping of the Mn${}^{4+}$ spins into the $ab$ plane, indicating that appropriate models must include the coexistence of Ising and quasi-isotropic spins.
Late Pleistocene ages for the most recent volcanism and glacial-pluvial deposits at Big Pine volcanic field, California, USA, from cosmogenic 36Cl dating

The Big Pine volcanic field is one of several Quaternary volcanic fields that poses a potential volcanic hazard along the tectonically active Owens Valley of east-central California, and whose lavas are interbedded with deposits from Pleistocene glaciations in the Sierra Nevada Range. Previous geochronology indicates an ∼1.2 Ma history of volcanism, but the eruption ages and distribution of volcanic products associated with the most-recent eruptions have been poorly resolved. To delimit the timing and products of the youngest volcanism, we combine field mapping and cosmogenic 36Cl dating of basaltic lava flows in the area where lavas with youthful morphology and well-preserved flow structures are concentrated. Field mapping and petrology reveal approximately 15 vents and 6 principal flow units with variable geochemical composition and mineralogy. Cosmogenic 36Cl exposure ages for lava flow units from the top, middle, and bottom of the volcanic stratigraphy indicate eruptions at ∼17, 27, and 40 ka, revealing several different and previously unrecognized episodes of late Pleistocene volcanism. Olivine to plagioclase-pyroxene phyric basalt erupted from several vents during the most recent episode of volcanism at ∼17 ka, and produced a lava flow field covering ∼35 km2. The late Pleistocene 36Cl exposure ages indicate that moraine and pluvial shoreline deposits that overlie or modify the youngest Big Pine lavas reflect Tioga stage glaciation in the Sierra Nevada and the shore of paleo-Owens Lake during the last glacial cycle.
Test Differences in Diagnosing Reading Comprehension Deficits

The authors examined the implications of test differences for defining and diagnosing comprehension deficits using reading comprehension tests. They had 995 children complete the Gray Oral Reading Test–3, the Qualitative Reading Inventory–3, the Woodcock–Johnson Passage Comprehension–3, and the Peabody Individual Achievement Test and compared which children were identified by each test as being in the lowest 10%. Although a child who performs so poorly might be expected to do poorly on all tests, the authors found that the average overlap between tests in diagnosing comprehension difficulties was only 43%. Consistency in diagnosis was greater for younger children, when comprehension deficits are the result of weaker decoding skills, than for older children. Inconsistencies between tests were just as evident when identifying the top performers. The different children identified as having a comprehension deficit by each test were compared on four profile variables—word decoding skill, IQ, ADHD symptoms, and...
Empirical applications of RFID in the manufacturing environment

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has recently begun to receive increased interest from both practitioners and academicians due to the well-known mandates to suppliers from major global retailers and the United States (US) Department of Defense. Though the deployment of RFID in the supply chain is relatively new, proprietary RFID systems have been utilised in the manufacturing environment since the early 1990s. This paper examines these empirical applications and presents an analysis of the benefits that have been observed in the field. This encompassing collection of six empirical applications of RFID in the manufacturing environment discusses how RFID technology is presently being utilised and its potential for use, by manufacturers to control internal operations and for supply chain management. In addition, we identify the implementation challenges and the corresponding strategies to enable RFID in the manufacturing environment. Our analysis offers insights that can be useful to practitioners who are considering RFID installations and to academicians who are studying RFID systems.
Larynx-Preserving Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy for Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma

Purpose/Objective(s): To report outcomes of patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal carcinoma treated with definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). Materials/Methods: The clinical records of all patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas treated with definitive IMRT at our institution between January 2004 and December 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients were reviewed. All patients would have required a total laryngectomy. Forty-two (84%) patients received concurrent chemotherapy, 6 (12%) received no chemotherapy, and 2 (4%) received adjuvant chemotherapy. Of patients who received concurrent chemotherapy, the majority of them (24 patients, 48%) received cisplatin alone; 6 patients (12%) received cetuximab alone, 8 (16%) received both cetuximab and cisplatin, and 6 (12%) received other chemotherapy regimens. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and univariate Log-rank statistics were applied. Results: Median follow-up was 26.0 months (range, 4.0-106.0 months). Median age was 61 years (range, 35-83 years); 39 (78%) were male. There were 35 (70%) laryngeal and 15 hypopharyngeal cancers. Twelve (24%), 29 (58%), and 2 (4%) patients were diagnosed clinical stages III, IVA, and IVB, respectively. All patients were prescribed 7000 cGy in 35 daily fractions; however, 2 patients were unable to complete the full treatment. There were 16 local, 7 regional, and 15 distant failures. For all patients, local control (LC), locoregional control (LRC), and overall survival (OS) at 2 years were 73%, 68%, and 63%, respectively. The 2 year LC, LRC and OS for laryngeal cancer were 77%, 75%, and 70%, respectively. For hypopharyngeal cancer, LC, LRC, and OS at 2 years were 54%, 45%, and 47%, respectively. LC and LRC were not significantly different between sites, but there was a trend toward improved OS in patients with laryngeal cancer, (P Z 0.06). Eleven patients underwent salvage laryngectomy (9 laryngeal and 2 hypopharyngeal). Altogether, 34 (68%) patients had a feeding tube placed; 6 (12.5%) before, 25 (50%) during, and 3 (6%) after radiation therapy. At the time of last follow up, only 14 patients (28%) remained feeding tube dependent. Outcomes looking at tumor volume, CTV expansion, and other dosimetric properties will be reported later. Conclusions: The use of IMRT achieved encouraging local and regional tumor control in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal cancer. There is a trend toward worse overall survival in patients with hypopharyngeal compared to laryngeal carcinoma. Feeding tube placement and dependency were common treatment related toxicities but were preferred to the loss of a lung powered voice. Author Disclosure: C. Kreofsky: None. Y.I. Garces: None. D.L. Price: None. K.A. Price: None. R.L. Foote: None.
The Cultural Study of Law: Reconstructing Legal Scholarship.

The Cultural Study of Law: Reconstructing Legal Scholarship. Paul W. Kahn. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. 169 pp.
Nutritional evaluation of soldiers subsisting on meal, ready-to-eat operational rations for an extended period: body measurements, hydration, and blood nutrients

To evaluate the nutritional value of a new military operational ration, meal, ready-to-eat (MRE), 27 soldiers were fed the ration as their only food during a 34-d field exercise at an elevation of 1800 m. Thirty soldiers given hot breakfasts and dinners and MREs for lunch served as control subjects. Measurements were made of body height, weight, skinfold thickness at four sites, urine volume and concentration, urinary zinc loss, hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum concentrations of albumin, total protein, ascorbic acid, folate, retinol, and Zn, and plasma pyridoxal phosphate concentration. The men fed only MREs experienced significant weight loss compared with those fed hot meals. Neither group appeared to be dehydrated. Hemoglobin and hematocrit values rose in response to increased elevation. Both groups of soldiers displayed normal values, indicative of acceptable nutritional status, of serum proteins, measured vitamins, and Zn.