cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A scalable unsegmented multiport memory for FPGA-based systems

On-chip multiport memory cores are crucial primitives for many modern high-performance reconfigurable architectures and multicore systems. Previous approaches for scaling memory cores come at the cost of operating frequency, communication overhead, and logic resources without increasing the storage capacity of the memory. In this paper, we present two approaches for designing multiport memory cores that are suitable for reconfigurable accelerators with substantial on-chip memory or complex communication. Our design approaches tackle these challenges by banking RAM blocks and utilizing interconnect networks which allows scaling without sacrificing logic resources. With banking, memory congestion is unavoidable and we evaluate our multiport memory cores under different memory access patterns to gain insights about different design trade-offs. We demonstrate our implementation with up to 256 memory ports using a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA. Our experimental results report high throughput memories with resource usage that scales with the number of ports.
Agriculture, Food, and the National Environmental Policy Act

This textbook chapter comes in Part III off the groundbreaking Food, Agriculture, and Environmental Law, in which leading environmental legal scholars Mary Jane Angelo, Jason Czarnezki, and Bill Eubanks, along with five distinguished contributing authors, undertake an exploration of the challenging political and societal issues facing agricultural policy and modern food systems through the lens of environmental protection laws. It is the first book to examine both the impact of agricultural policy on the environment and the influence of environmental law on food and agriculture. This chapter assesses the impact of the National Environmental Policy Act on federal decisions in connection with agricultural or other food system activities, including Farm Bill legislation, genetically engineered crops, aquaculture, and conversion of wetlands to farmland.The copyright is held by the Environmental Law Institute/Thomson Reuters and may be purchased at their website.
Testing Model Significance Using the F-Test

This note introduces the F-statistic as a way to test the hypothesis that all (or some subset) of the coefficients in a linear model are equal to zero. An F-table is included.
Diffusivity Measurements of Solutes Impacting Interfacial Tension

We propose a method for measuring gas and liquid diffusivities of surface active solutes based on the measurements of dynamic interfacial tension. The selection of the experimental system needed to achieve accurate diffusivity estimation and, particularly, the selection of the complementary fluid to create the interface sensitive to the solute concentration are emphasized. The method is applicable to solutes beyond traditional liquid-phase surfactants and is demonstrated by estimating diffusivities of several vapors in air. Though the method allows for surface active compounds that traverse the interface, the procedure for estimating diffusion coefficients is particularly simple in cases when the solute is insoluble in the complementary fluid and when its flux across the interface is small. It was shown that by adding surfactants to the complementary fluid, it may be possible to reduce the flux of the solute across the interface by increasing the resistance to cross-interfacial transport and to identify d...
Implication for sampling paleo-climate indicators by monitoring seasonal variations of δD and δ~(18)O in cave waters

We have analyzed δD and δ18O in cave waters and surface waters in different seasons around Zhijin and Shijiangjun caves at the central western Guizhou.The average δDV-SMOW and δ18OV-SMOW values from Zhijin cave water are-56.64±4.10‰ and-8.17±0.42‰ respectively,whereas surface water δDV-SMOWand δ18OV-SMOW yield averages-56.15±2.46‰ and-7.96±0.33‰ respectively.In general,the δD and δ18O of cave waters are close to the weighted annual mean δD and δ18O values of meteoritic waters with no significant seasonal variations.However,in both Zhijin and Shijiangjun caves there are some dripping water spots show significantly seasonal variations of δD and δ18O values with much heavier values during the winter months and close-to-mean meteoritic values during the summer rainy seasons.These dripping spots may have thin ceiling layer or fast running water channel,so that the dripping water can reflect seasonal variation of δD and δ18O in rains.For these spots,we may retrieve stalagmites for climatic proxy at seasonal resolution scales.However,one should beware that a short time monitoring of stable isotopes in the dripping water on these spots could not provide an annual mean.
Investigation on Fall-colour Plant Resources and Its Ecological Applied Research in Northern Zhejiang Plain

The concept of fall-colour trees was elaborated and an investigation about Tongxiang fall-colour resources in Northern Zhejiang plain areas was carried out.Application category were included in 23 families,32 genera and 45 kinds.Four kinds of application types and 3 kinds of applications configured in plain ecological construction were analyzed and summarized.Finally,we put forward applications and promotion recommendations about fall-colour trees in Northern Zhejiang plain.
Experience with the Hydroflex penile prosthesis.

Abstract Between July 1985 and September 1987 we implanted 51 Hydroflex * *American Medical Systems, Minnetonka, Minnesota.penile prostheses for treatment of erectile impotence, with a minimum followup of 6 months in all patients and more than 1 year in 43. There have been no mechanical failures and no major complications. Of 47 evaluable patients 38 (81 per cent) are satisfied with the prosthesis. The 9 dissatisfied patients include 3 men who still are experiencing some difficulty operating the pump mechanism and 6 who desired a fuller or stiffer erection than provided by the Hydroflex prosthesis. All of the latter 6 individuals have successfully engaged in intercourse with the Hydroflex device. The patient who previously received a Scott inflatable penile prosthesis may not be as content with the erect state of the Hydroflex device. It also is important to assure adequate distal corporeal length before placement of the Hydroflex prosthesis.
Beyond Networks: The Interlocutory Coalitions and Globalization of Democracy

This chapter speculates on the future of supranational networks of civil society actors and related concerns. Four tensions are substantiated: first is the functioning of coalitions of civil society actors; second is the competition among different coalitions; third is the issue of uniqueness (i.e. when a supranational regulator refuses to co-operate with a coalition of civil society actors on the basis of rules or standards formerly approved by a different regulator, assuming their uniqueness); fourth is the issue of creativity – i.e. the loss of creativity and experimentation that might occur when the same legal standards and practices are massively recycled from different coalitions of civil society actors. This chapter investigates about the negative influence that these tensions may have on the impact of the supranational networks of civil society actors on the spread of methods of democratic governance at the supranational level. Moving from this, a second area of concern is introduced in this chapter – i.e. the impact that the supranational networks of civil society actors have on the reconfiguration of individuals’ rights, entitlements and responsibilities in the global arena. An issue that leads directly to a third, and last, area of concern: the convergence between the European administrative law and the administrative law of global relevance.
Murine Models of Candida Vaginal Infections

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the technical aspects of the experimental models of C. albicans and C. glabrata vaginal infections in mice. Female mice is employed in the experimental model of C. albicans vaginal infection whose age should be greater than 6 weeks of age and weight is greater than 20 g. The infection in mice is relatively easy to induce and numerous strains such as CBA/J, DBA/2, C57BL/6, C3H/HEN, and BALB/c covering several haplotypes are employed. In contrast to the relative ease of inducing experimental C. albicans vaginal infections, it is extremely difficult to induce experimental C. glabrata infections. An important prerequisite for a C. albicans or C. glabrata vaginal infection is a persistent hormonal state of estrus. Since rodents have a short 4-day estrus cycle with a state of estrus lasting for not more than 2 days at a time, the mice must be placed in a state of constant estrus (pseudoestrus) with or without ovariectomy. The estrogen converts the columnar epithelium to thick stratified squamous epithelium, and increases the glycogen content, pH, and growth substrates, all of which increases the avidity of the yeast for the tissue and enhances its growth. Additionally, estrogen is known to inhibit innate and/or acquired host defenses. Laboratory, commercial, or clinical isolates can be used to induce the experimental vaginal infection provided they are virulent strains. C. albicans or C. glabrata isolates can be frozen indefinitely in 50% glycerol or litmus milk freezing medium. The organisms can also be subcultured for long periods without any detectable loss of pathogenicity.
Thin and Thick Libertarianism

Thin (or pure) libertarianism is a political philosophy which claims that violence is justified only in defense, not for invasion of other people or their (justly owned based on homesteading) property. Thick libertarianism typically but not always includes this non-aggression principle (NAP) but adds to it a whole host of additional requirements: views on egalitarianism, free association, homosexuality, discrimination, and more. The present essay constitutes a defense of the former vis a vis the latter.
Development of a self-consistent lightning NOx simulation in large-scale 3-D models

We seek to develop a self-consistent representation of lightning NOx (LNOx) simulation in a large-scale 3-D model. Lightning flash rates are parameterized functions of meteorological variables related to convection. We examine a suite of such variables and find that convective available potential energy and cloud top height give the best estimates compared to July 2010 observations from ground-based lightning observation networks. Previous models often use lightning NOx vertical profiles derived from cloud-resolving model simulations. An implicit assumption of such an approach is that the postconvection lightning NOx vertical distribution is the same for all deep convection, regardless of geographic location, time of year, or meteorological environment. Detailed observations of the lightning channel segment altitude distribution derived from the NASA Lightning Nitrogen Oxides Model can be used to obtain the LNOx emission profile. Coupling such a profile with model convective transport leads to a more self-consistent lightning distribution compared to using prescribed postconvection profiles. We find that convective redistribution appears to be a more important factor than preconvection LNOx profile selection, providing another reason for linking the strength of convective transport to LNOx distribution.
Chemical Properties of Polymers

Attention is drawn to the remarkable variety of chemical groups such as esters, chlorides, alcohols etc, which can be present in polymers of different types. Thus an abundance of further chemical transformations are possible. As examples, water softening agents and solid phase synthesis of proteins and oligonucleotides are described.
Origins and Scaling of Hot-Electron Preheat in Ignition-Scale Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments.

Planar laser-plasma interaction (LPI) experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have allowed access for the first time to regimes of electron density scale length ($\ensuremath{\sim}500$ to $700\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$), electron temperature ($\ensuremath{\sim}3$ to 5 keV), and laser intensity (6 to $16\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$) that are relevant to direct-drive inertial confinement fusion ignition. Unlike in shorter-scale-length plasmas on OMEGA, scattered-light data on the NIF show that the near-quarter-critical LPI physics is dominated by stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) rather than by two-plasmon decay (TPD). This difference in regime is explained based on absolute SRS and TPD threshold considerations. SRS sidescatter tangential to density contours and other SRS mechanisms are observed. The fraction of laser energy converted to hot electrons is $\ensuremath{\sim}0.7%$ to 2.9%, consistent with observed levels of SRS. The intensity threshold for hot-electron production is assessed, and the use of a Si ablator slightly increases this threshold from $\ensuremath{\sim}{4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}10}^{14}$ to $\ensuremath{\sim}6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{14}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. These results have significant implications for mitigation of LPI hot-electron preheat in direct-drive ignition designs.
Production Planning Problem

Production in large firms with a centralized decision-making unit usually involves the contribution of several individual units. Supermarket chains or organizations with several workshops include more than one unit in which each unit contributes to a part of the entire production. For example, a sales plan is decided by a bank’s cooperate management for its divisions regarding the number of credit cards to be issued and the number of loans to be processed. The central division defines a plan to optimize the average or overall production performance in the entire organization after planning. In this chapter, a production-planning problem which is regularly faced by the central decision-making units is illustrated. Two planning ideas, proposed by Du et al. (2010), are discussed to arrange new input and output plans for all specific units when demand deviations can be predicted.
Healing Minds, Bodies, Nations, and the Planet

Healers are those who can bind broken things together and make things whole again. Those who heal minds or bodies or nations arrive at their task with an extremely important asset. They have a larger vision of the unbroken mind or body or nation in its state of wholeness, that “good” state that will obtain after the healing takes place. The psychotherapist, the medical diagnostician, the conflict resolution mediator, the peacemaker in the Middle East, the man or woman working toward sustainable ecological improvements must all envision a final outcome that brings together the different realities of the warring sides of the self, or of nations, or of differing resource needs in the global community. Without a way to imagine the fragmented realities together in some larger plan, no healing can take place. On a cognitive level, those realities seem to be bridged by means of postformal thought.
The Use of Short-Term Tests in the Isolation and Identification of Chemical Mutagens in Complex Mixtures

The feasibility of using short-term mutagenicity assays to isolate and identify the potential biohazards) of complex materials is being examined by use of various coupled chemical and biological approaches. Such research has usually involved a preliminary chemical characterization and preparation for bioassay, followed by testing for bioactivity (generally the mutagenicity test for Salmonella histidine reversion described by Ames et al. p(1). Subsequent fractionation procedures to further characterize the mutagens present are carried out, with the bioassay being used as a tool to follow the activity and guide the separations. The mutagenicity tests are intended to function as (1) predictors of profound long-range health effects such as mutagenesis and/or carcinogenesis; (2) a mechanism to rapidly isolate and identify a hazardous biological agent in a complex mixture; and (3) a measure of biological activity, correlating baseline data with changes in experimental (or environmental) conditions and, in the case of actual industrial effluents or streams, with changes in process conditions. With this combined chemical fractionation and short-term assay approach, the investigator can accumulate information on the actual compounds responsible for the biological effect. Thus, the mutagenicity tests will also function as (4) an aid in identifying the specific hazardous compounds involved and in establishing priorities for more definitive chemical analysis and monitoring along with further validative testing in comparative systems, including whole-animal testing, for mutagenesis and carcinogenesis.
Arthropods of Minor Medical Importance

Several species of larvae or caterpillars of the order Lepidoptera are covered with hollow, sharply pointed hairs containing a toxin that may cause severe dermatitis. Contact occurs when an individual handles the caterpillars or inhales the “hairs,” which are blown about after the larva molts (Table 40.1). In the northeastern United States the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar, has been responsible for defoliation of enormous areas of forest. The “population explosion” of the caterpillars of this species has led to periodic outbreaks of pruritic dermatitis, primarily among school children. Similar outbreaks of dermatitis have been reported from the southeastern and south-central states, attributed to the caterpillars of the puss moth Megalopyge operculis.1,2 In a Mexican outbreak, severe dermatitis was initially attributed to scabies, but eventually associated with contact with adult moths, Hylesia alinda.
Hobbes on the Natural and the Artificial

Scholars studying the early modern period agree that God and man are increasingly portrayed as not just knowing, but also making and doing. The highest ancient and medieval goods of the theoretical life are gradually supplemented, or even replaced, by emphasis on human making and practice. One trail sign for tracking these cultural developments is the ancient Greek distinction between the natural and the artificial. As man has found more and more things he can make and do by skills, his idea of his own and the earth’s nature has correspondingly changed. Can man’s arts produce effects so disconnected from nature that those effects cannot be accommodated or corrected by nature? If so, man’s arts may cause irreparable destruction. Or, are fears of artifice exceeding nature really due to a mistake, or to a lack of that ‘daring to know’ which has marked so much of human progress? These questions, discussed in mid-seventeenth century idiom, run throughout those mature works of Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679) which deal with the art of making the commonwealth and that art’s science, his Science of natural justice.
Analysis of Transport to an American College of Surgeons Level I Trauma Center.

Abstract Introduction Efficient patient transportation by ground emergency medical services (GEMS) or helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) to a trauma center is vital for optimal care. We investigated differences between the modes of transport in terms of demographics, injury, scene location, and outcome. Setting Morristown Medical Center (MMC), Morristown, NJ Methods All 903 trauma admissions in 2016 by advanced life support (ALS) to MMC, a Level I Trauma Center, were retrospectively analyzed. Results 22% of admissions were HEMS and 78% were GEMS. HEMS patients had higher Injury Severity Scores (ISS) (p Conclusion We believe our current use of HEMS is adequate since patient outcomes between HEMS and GEMS was similar, even though HEMS patients have higher ISS. However, helicopter use in the pediatric population was over-utilized, possibly due to the scarcity of hospitals capable of managing pediatric traumas. Implementation of the Air Medical Prehospital Triage scoring system may also help correct for these unnecessary HEMS transports.
Dynamic dipole polarizability of gold and copper atoms for 532- and 1064-nm wavelengths

The fast electrical explosion of fine metal wires in a vacuum will produce calibrated gas cylinders of metal atoms surrounded by a low-density corona. For fully vaporized wires, the integrated-phase technique, based on laser interferometry, provides the dynamic dipole polarizability of metal atoms. A fast-rising current of $\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{kA}/\mathrm{ns}$ will vaporize thin 12.7-\textmu{}m-diameter Au and Cu wires in a vacuum and generate a radial-expanding gas cylinder surrounded by low-density plasma corona. Employing the integrated-phase technique on fast-exploding Au and Cu wires, we find that the dynamic dipole polarizability of Au atoms is $8.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.8\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\AA{}}^{3}$ for 532 nm and $7.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\AA{}}^{3}$ for 1064 nm. Measurements collected from exploding Cu wire provide dynamic dipole polarizability of $10.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\AA{}}^{3}$ for 532 nm and $6.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}{\AA{}}^{3}$ for 1064 nm. All experimental values correspond to theoretical predictions based on quantum-mechanical calculations.
The extraordinary optical transmission and sensing properties of Ag/Ti composite nanohole arrays

Ag/Ti composite nanohole arrays are fabricated by a simple combination of nanosphere lithography, reactive ion etching, and dual e-beam deposition techniques. Based on the X-ray diffraction, conductivity, and ellipsometry measurements, there exists a Ag composition threshold CAg = 80 at% above which Ag is percolated through the entire film. Significant extraordinary optical transmission (EOT) is observed in nanohole samples with composition larger than the threshold. The main EOT peak position, the (1,0) Ag/glass resonance peak, redshifts as the CAg value decreased, but its index sensitivity monotonically increased with CAg till a value of 300 RIU nm−1 for the CAg = 100 at% sample is achieved. However, the LSPR peak of the nanoholes can achieve a sensitivity of 390 nm RIU−1 when CAg decreases from 100 at% to 85 at%. This study demonstrates that besides the shape, size, and measurement configuration, the resonances and sensitivities of nanohole arrays can be effectively predicted and tuned by the composition of a plasmonic composite.
From Complexity to Simplicity: Adaptive ES-Active Subspaces for Blackbox Optimization

We present a new algorithm ASEBO for optimizing high-dimensional blackbox functions. ASEBO adapts to the geometry of the function and learns optimal sets of sensing directions, which are used to probe it, on-the-fly. It addresses the exploration-exploitation trade-off of blackbox optimization with expensive blackbox queries by continuously learning the bias of the lower-dimensional model used to approximate gradients of smoothings of the function via compressed sensing and contextual bandits methods. To obtain this model, it leverages techniques from the emerging theory of active subspaces in the novel ES blackbox optimization context. As a result, ASEBO learns the dynamically changing intrinsic dimensionality of the gradient space and adapts to the hardness of different stages of the optimization without external supervision. Consequently, it leads to more sample-efficient blackbox optimization than state-of-the-art algorithms. We provide theoretical results and test ASEBO advantages over other methods empirically by evaluating it on the set of reinforcement learning policy optimization tasks as well as functions from the recently open-sourced Nevergrad library.
A Python Multiscale Thermochemistry Toolbox (pMuTT) for thermochemical and kinetic parameter estimation

Abstract Estimating the thermochemical properties of systems is important in many fields such as material science and catalysis. The Python multiscale thermochemistry toolbox (pMuTT) is a Python software library developed to streamline the conversion of ab-initio data to thermochemical properties using statistical mechanics, to perform thermodynamic analysis, and to create input files for kinetic modeling software. Its open-source implementation in Python leverages existing scientific codes, encourages users to write scripts for their needs, and allows the code to be expanded easily. The core classes developed include a statistical mechanical model in which energy modes can be included or excluded to suit the application, empirical models for rapid thermodynamic property estimation, and a reaction model to calculate kinetic parameters or changes in thermodynamic properties. In addition, pMuTT supports other features, such as Bronsted–Evans–Polanyi (BEP) relationships, coverage effects, and ab-initio phase diagrams. Program summary Program title: pMuTT Program files doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/b7f7d28ynd.1 Licensing provisions: MIT license (MIT) Programming language: Python External routines: ASE, NumPy, Pandas, SciPy, Matplotlib, Pygal, PyMongo, dnspython Nature of problem: Conversion of ab-initio properties to thermochemical properties and rate constants is time consuming and error-prone. Solution method: Python package with a modular approach to statistical thermodynamics and rate constant estimation.
195-OR: Safety and Performance of the Tandem T:slim X2 with Control-IQ Automated Insulin Delivery System in Preschoolers, Age 2-6 Years Old

Glycemic control is particularly challenging for young children with T1DM. We studied the Tandem Control-IQ AP system (CIQ) in children ages 2-5.9 years old during 48hr of supervised outpatient hotel/Airbnb use (SH) followed by 3 days of at home use (H). A minimum of 48hr Tandem standard pump therapy at home (B) preceded the SH phase. Meals and snacks were chosen by parents, without restrictions, and boluses were estimated per parents’ routine. While on closed-loop, all participants were remotely monitored by study staff. There were at least 30 minutes of exercise each day of SH phase. Twelve participants with >3 months of T1D, mean age 4.7±1y, A1C 7.3±0.8%, weight 19.3±3.1kg were enrolled at 3 sites. All were using sensor augmented pumps before entry, with or without automation. All participants completed the study with no adverse events. Outcomes are reported below. CIQ improved mean glucose and TIR without an increase in hypoglycemia during the SH phase; at home CIQ improved all hypoglycemia outcomes as well as TIR, with a tendency towards a better mean glucose. All overnight outcomes were further improved. The Tandem Control IQ system was safe and significantly improved glycemic control in these young children in both the supervised hotel/Airbnb and the home setting. Disclosure L. Ekhlaspour: None. G.P. Forlenza: Advisory Panel; Self; Medtronic. Consultant; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. Research Support; Self; Abbott, Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. M. Schoelwer: Research Support; Self; Tandem Diabetes Care. M.D. DeBoer: Research Support; Self; Tandem Diabetes Care. L. Hsu: Stock/Shareholder; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Tandem Diabetes Care. R.S. Kingman: None. E. Boranian: Other Relationship; Self; American Diabetes Association. E. Emory: None. R. Wadwa: Advisory Panel; Self; Eli Lilly and Company, Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Eli Lilly and Company, MannKind Corporation, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. B.A. Buckingham: Advisory Panel; Self; ConvaTec Inc., Medtronic. Research Support; Self; Beta Bionics, Inc., Dexcom, Inc., Insulet Corporation, Medtronic, Tandem Diabetes Care. M.D. Breton: Research Support; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi, Tandem Diabetes Care. Speaker’s Bureau; Self; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care. Funding Tandem Diabetes Care
Following and Avoiding Fear-Inducing News Topics: Fear Intensity, Perceived News Topic Importance, Self-Efficacy, and News Overload

A critical human need is attending to the information in one’s environment. Recent studies, however, suggest news consumption is decreasing. Many report they intentionally avoid news because of its...
Predictors of physical restraint use on critical care units: An observational structural equation modeling approach.

Abstract Background Modifiable unit characteristics, including nurse work environment, education, certification, and staffing have been shown to impact patient safety. Physical restraints are an important patient safety issue, however the relationships between these modifiable unit characteristics and physical restraint use on critical care units has not been explored. Objectives Our objective was to determine the role of nursing work environment, nurse education and certification, and nurse staffing on physical restraint use. Design The study was a secondary analysis of 2017–2018 unit-level restraint rates from the National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators linked to Registered Nurse survey and hospital characteristics data. Methods Work environment was examined at the unit-level using total Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index and subscale scores. Unit-level nurse expertise included the percent of nurses with at least a Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree and percent with certification. Nurse staffing was the unit-level Registered Nurse hours per patient day and skill mix. Analyses included descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations, and Structural Equation Modeling. We used a first order model to estimate predicted restraint use from the five subscales of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. A higher order model predicted restraint use from a total work environment factor score. Results The sample included 408 critical care units from 226 hospitals. Mean restraint rate was 15% (SD 12, range 0–53%). In the first-order model, the Collegial Nurse-Physician Relations subscale had a positive relationship with restraint use (β = 0.167, 95% confidence interval 0.010–0.333). In the higher order model, the total work environment score had a negative relationship with restraint use (β = −0.088, 95% confidence −0.178– −0.014). Registered Nurse hours per patient day had a negative relationship to restraint use in both the first order (β = −0.114, 95% confidence interval −0.222–−0.025) and higher order models (β = −0.117, 95% confidence interval −0.223– −0.012). Conclusion We found that better nurse-physician relationships were associated with higher restraint use. This finding is supported by previous literature and may reflect physician trust in nursing judgement when using restraints. However, a better work environment overall was associated with lower restraint rates. Further, Registered Nurse hours per patient day, but not skill mix, was associated with lower restraint rates. We conclude that improving the overall nurse work environment and nurse staffing, as well as using interprofessional interventions, may be successful in decreasing restraint use on critical care units.
The “California Effect” & the Future of American Food: How California’s Growing Crackdown on Food & Agriculture Harms the State & the Nation

INTRODUCTION For several decades, California has been the epicenter of the American food scene. While data show that the state produces one-third of the nation’s food supply,1 California is much more than where the food we eat comes from. One in eight American diners lives in the state,2 which is home to more than 90,000 restaurants.3 California is also where eating trends are born, and where fast food, Chez Panisse, Mexican salsa, Wolfgang Puck, organic foods, street food, and Napa Valley wines became durable icons of American culinary culture. The state’s place atop the national food chain, though, is in jeopardy. In recent years, California legislators have pursued
Social cognitive predictors of Latinx and White engineering students' academic satisfaction and persistence intentions: Exploring interactions among social identities and institutional context

Abstract Engineering has long lacked gender and racial diversity among its ranks, with Latinx and White women substantially underrepresented in engineering. The present study explored the role of social cognitive variables in engineering academic satisfaction and persistence intentions with a diverse sample of 1022 engineering students using the integrative social cognitive model of academic adjustment (Lent et al., 2013). Results indicated that (a) the hypothesized bidirectional model fit the data well for the full sample, subsamples based on race, gender, institution, race × gender, and race × institution, (b) all but six parameters were significant and in the expected direction for the full sample, (c) model parameters were invariant across race, gender, institution, and race × gender, but differed across race × institution subsamples, and (d) the relations within the model explained a significant amount of variance in engineering academic satisfaction and persistence intentions for the full sample and sub-samples. Implications of the findings are aimed at educational and career interventions focusing on retaining Latinx and women in engineering.
Regularized Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization Using L2,1-Norm for Data Compression

We present a robust, parts-based data compression algorithm, L21 Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (L21 SNF) for mixed-sign data. To resolve the instability issue caused by the Frobenius norm due to the effects of outliers, we utilize the noise-free L2,1 norm and a regularization parameter in our algorithm. We derive a rigorous proof of convergence of our algorithm. Based on experiments on large-scale over-determined matrices and real facial image data, L21 SNF demonstrates a significant improvement in accuracy over other classical methods. Furthermore, L21 SNF has a simple programming structure and can be implemented within data compression software for compression of highly over-determined systems encountered broadly across many general machine learning processes.
Corrosion in Piperazine at Pilot Plants

Corrosion measurements are presented from two 2017 pilot plant campaigns. Corrosion was evaluated at the Separations Research Program (SRP) pilot plant in April 2017. The SRP pilot plant uses air/CO2 and 5 m piperazine (PZ) with an oxidation inhibitor. Stainless steel (316L) and carbon steel (C1010) were evaluated with electrical resistance corrosion probes and corrosion coupons at two locations in the process. A second pilot plant campaign was conducted in June 2017 at the National Carbon Capture Center (NCCC) with 7 m monoethanolamine (MEA). Stainless steel and carbon steel were evaluated with corrosion coupons at four locations in the process. These two pilot plant campaigns allow the direct comparison between corrosion in MEA and PZ systems. Protective product layers were not seen on carbon steel in 7 m MEA. This is likely because high ferrous solubility in MEA solutions prevents precipitation of ferrous products. This led to unacceptably high carbon steel corrosion at high temperature. Despite the lack of protective ferrous corrosion products, corrosion of carbon steel was slow at absorber conditions, suggesting carbon steel construction is appropriate for at least low temperature equipment in MEA operation. In 5 m PZ at hot lean conditions protective layers of Fe3O4 and FeCO3 were observed, suggesting that ferrous products are either less soluble in PZ than MEA, or that ferric production is slow or minor. These protective films sometimes led to very low corrosion rates at hot, lean conditions. Protective films formed preferentially at higher temperature in the stripping system, but were absent in the absorber. This counterintuitive result means that carbon steel corrosion can actually be slower at higher temperature. Carbon steel construction is most likely appropriate both for low temperature equipment in the absorber as well as at least some equipment at high temperature.
Narrative identity’s nomological network: Expanding and organizing assessment of the storied self

The life story, or narrative identity, is a psychosocial construction that brings together and integrates the self and experience within a broad story-based framework. Personality psychologists typically capture aspects of this inner story by prompting participants for descriptions of life chapters and/or specific and self-definitional autobiographical key scenes (e.g., high points, low points, turning points). Features of participants’ responses are then quantified for their thematic and/or structural content. There exists a number of additional and complementary assessment techniques that could buttress study of, and theory pertaining to, narrative identity. Here, I work to identify these assessments, which include self-reports, informant reports, and behavioral observations, and organize them within narrative identity’s nomological network. This work concludes with a number of suggestions for the ways in which traditional assessments may be better attuned to capture narrative identity’s integrative nature.
News and Sentiment Analysis of the European Market with a Hybrid Expert Weighting Algorithm

This paper proposes a hybrid human machine system based on an expert weighting algorithm that combines the responses of both humans and machine learning algorithms. The general topic of the paper is the use of the crowd to interpret text, and the power of that interpretation to predict future events. This topic is addressed through an experiment, in which news sentiment is evaluated by crowds and experts in different configurations. Their classifications are used as training sets for machine learning algorithms, including one that weights both machine and human predictions. The testing is done based on Thomson Reuters news stories and the returns of the stocks mentioned right after the stories appear. The hybrid expert weighting algorithm forecasts asset returns similar to the different versions of the trained and crowd groups because it combines the best results of the machine learning algorithms with human answers. The forecast of the expert weighting algorithm does not always show the best performance in comparison with the other learning algorithms, however its performance is very similar to the best algorithm in most cases. From a cognitive perspective, the capacity of the expert weighting algorithm to select dynamically the best expert according to its previous performance is consistent with an evolving collective intelligence: the final decision is a combination of the best individual answers - some of these come from machines, and some from humans.
Partitioning all k-subsets into r-wise intersecting families.

Let $r \geq 2$, $n$ and $k$ be integers satisfying $k \leq \frac{r-1}{r}n$. We conjecture that the family of all $k$-subsets of an $n$-set cannot be partitioned into fewer than $\lceil n-\frac{r}{r-1}(k-1) \rceil$ $r$-wise intersecting families. If true this is tight for all values of the parameters. The case $r=2$ is Kneser's conjecture, proved by Lovasz. Here we observe that the assertion also holds provided $r$ is either a prime number or a power of $2$.
Use of Critical Theory to Develop a Conceptual Framework for Critical School Psychology

School psychologists enter the third decade of the 21st century marked by mass protests against state-sanctioned violence against Black people, worsening economic and environmental crises, and a de...
Intellectual Shamans: Management Academics Making a Difference

Foreword 1. The intellectual shaman 2. The path to intellectual shamanism: becoming fully who you are 3. Beyond the self: power of purpose 4. Healer 5. Connector 6. Sensemaker 7. The intellectual shaman 8. Sage: the work of wisdom References Index.
Cytokine Gene Therapy for Genitourinary Cancer

This chapter will discuss the potential for delivery of cytokine molecules using neo-adjuvant/adjuvant gene therapy strategies to achieve antitumor efficacy. It focuses on two approaches for delivery of cytokine genes to achieve effective therapy; in situ delivery using adenoviral vectors also termed “active vaccination,” and cell based approaches using specific immune cells modified with cytokine genes. These approaches have potential advantages for prostate cancer therapy and possibly other genitourinary malignancies.
Making Reservations Online: The Impact of Consumer-Written and System-Aggregated User-Generated Content (UGC) in Travel Booking Websites on Consumers’ Behavioral Intentions

ABSTRACTThis study examines how consumer-written and system-aggregated user-generated content (UGC) on travel booking websites jointly influence consumer behavior. The purpose of this research is to test the effects of different types of UGC on various consumer behavior outcomes. Experiment 1 found a significant interaction effect between UGC type (consumer-written versus system-aggregated) and valence (positive versus negative) on product evaluation, perceived information value, and satisfaction. Experiment 2 found a significant interaction between consumer-written and system-aggregated UGC valences. When consumer-written UGC was negative, consumers demonstrated more negative product evaluation and lower buying intention, regardless of system-aggregated UGC valence. When consumer-written and system-aggregated UGC valences matched, consumers indicated greater perceived information value, satisfaction, and future behavioral intention. Trustworthiness partially mediated the effect of the fit between consume...
NON-GAUSSIAN CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL WAVES

This paper presents the results of a study on non-Gaussian characteristic of coastal waves. From the results of the statistical analysis of more than 500 records obtained in the growing stage of the storm, the parameters involved in the non-Gaussian probability distribution which are significant for predicting wave characteristics are clarified, and these parameters are expressed as a function of water depth and sea severity. The limiting sea severity below which the wind-generated coastal waves are considered to be Gaussian is obtained for a given water depth.
The Natural Prayer of the Soul

estragon (with finality): Crritic! Vladimir: Oh! He wilts, vanquished." Somewhere between this exchange in Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot and Matthew Arnold's late-Victorian Function of Criticism at the Present Time, which urged a "disinterested endeavor to learn and propa gate the best that is known and thought in the world"?somewhere along that ever-extending spectrum, I'll be venturing a few thoughts on literary criticism today. What I have to say will stay mostly personal, specific, tentative, and it will end up demonstrating what I take to be the possible task of a critic/biographer/translator. I'll try to demonstrate, rather than cat egorize or generalize, or opine or abstract or survey. After all, the range of literary critical inquiry nowadays seems end less: from tracing Biblical filaments in Emily Dickinson's verse, for in stance, to assessing the men or women in her life; from Allen Ginsberg's kabbalist Buddhism and tantric Judaism to the sneakers he wore in Prague, now accessible to scholars in Stanford's poetry archive. And at the prick of a pin this whole undertaking may collapse. Recently Ken Kesey recalled: "You know, I don't think Allen read any criticism at all!" Which prompts the question, How does the critic's work relate to the artist's? Oscar Wilde in "The Critic as Artist," pulling Arnold out on a limb with him, claimed that "Criticism demands infinitely more cultivation than creation does"?an anticipation of certain trends to day, which treat the literary work not as a text but as a pretext for critical acumen.
Resolution of Crystallographic Disorder by Coupled Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction and Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Study of the (π-(1)-2-Thiollyl) Iron (II) System

In 1967, Hertier and co-workers [1] reported the synthesis of the anion, B10H10S2-, which was found to react with transltion metal halides to form complexes similar to those formed with cyclopentadienides and with B10H11C 2 2- . Their report [1] indicated however, that the spectra arid other physical data were insufficient to determine unambiguously whether the sulfur atom of the thiaborane was exo-cyclic or whether it was an integral part of the boron framework. Thus we decided to determine the crystal structure of the compound, [(CH3)4N]2 [Fe(B10H10S)2] for which suitable crystals for x-ray analysis could be obtained. In the process of refining the structural data it became evident that a crystallographic disorder occurs (vide infra) which is not readily resolved by structural analysis arguments alone, but which could be amenable to interpretation via a combination of crystallographic data and Mossbauer spectroscopy. This report is a summary of our combined efforts.
Targeted drug delivery to the brain via phosphonate derivatives. I. Design, synthesis and evaluation of an anionic chemical delivery system for testosterone

Abstract An anionic chemical delivery system (aCDS) was designed and evaluated for brain-targeted delivery of testosterone (T). In this system, targeting is achieved through the use of a specific, (acyloxy)alkyl-phosphonate-type, targetor moiety. The systemically administered T-aCDS can enter the brain by passive transport due to its increased lipophilicity. Hydrolytic cleavage by esterases releases, via a chemically unstable, short-lived intermediate, a negatively charged, hydrophilic phosphonate compound (TP − ). This is locked in the brain and should provide sustained, site-specific release of the active drug following a phosphorolytic attack by alkaline phosphatase or by phosphodiesterase. In vivo evaluations found maximum T-aCDS brain levels 5–10 min after administration; they fell under the detection-limit ( μ g/g) after 60 min. With the employed (pivaloyloxy)methyl phosphonate ester, cleavage by esterases, the first metabolic step in the decomposition process, was not very fast. Maximum concentration of the decomposition product (TP − ) was obtained at 30 min after administration; it did not decrease significantly during the study proving that this negatively charged intermediate is ‘locked in’ the brain. However, the phosphonate derivative of the secondary, hindered hydroxyl group in this product was fairly resistant to phosphorolytic attack, the second metabolic step. The released drug could not be detected indicating that testosterone release, if any, is slower than metabolism and/or elimination.
Operational Characteristics of Intermediate and Low Field Tokamaks

The results from intermediate and low field devices will be described with particular attention to the way these results apply to future devices. In particular, developments in impurity control and plasma handling techniques in ohmically heated discharges will be reviewed. These developments have been important in optimizing the performance of tokamak devices.
New charge-coupled devices and circuits for analog VLSI focal-plane image processing

A novel approach to designing low-power, compact, charge-coupled device (CCD), analog, VLSI (very-large-scale integrated) circuits for signal processing is described. A charge-domain wire transfer circuit allows the coupling of CCD circuits through a metallic wire. The approach trades charge transfer efficiency of design simplicity. The impact of wire transfer on CCD circuit design is addressed. Charge-coupled computing circuit building blocks are discussed. Circuits utilizing wire transfer are described and include a general-purpose charge-coupled computer, an A/D (analog-to-digital) converter, a D/A (digital-to-analog) converter, and a focal-plane image processor chip. >