cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regime Conflicts and the U.N. Security Council: Applying the Law of Responsibility

The law of responsibility and the law of collective security are structured as parallel bodies of law. However, the Articles on the Responsibility of States and the controversial new Draft Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, are routinely arising in collective security situations. This Article explores how the law of responsibility applies to the Security Council and UN member states, and why it is arising in regime conflicts involving the Security Council. The Article begins by analyzing three common types of regime conflicts confronting the Security Council: those arising from embedded conflicts, strategic inconsistency, and separate legal personality. The Article then examines how the rules of responsibility are applied where human rights and collective security collide, and why the principles of responsibility factor into both the definition of aggression and shared jurisdiction of the Security Council and International Criminal Court over this crime. Finally, this Article discusses the role of the law of responsibility in important recent decisions including the Kadi, Al-Jedda, Behrami, and Saramati cases, and concludes by arguing that the law of responsibility may play a constitution-like function.
AC inductance measurements of intergranular junctions in TlBaCaCuO, YBaCuO and other superconducting powders

Abstract The generation of macro- and micro-screening currents in granular superconductors by ac inductance measurements is described. It is shown how the combination of an ac technique and a dc magnetic field can detect the presence of intergranular Josephson or other junctions in high T c superconductors and independently measure the contribution of junction modulated currents to the total ac susceptibility. Other conclusions of this work are also discussed.
Cox-2 inhibitors and cardiovascular risk: point and counterpoint.

Even if we do not know with certainty whether COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk of cardiovascular events, we need to incorporate this concern into our practice.
Purification of Rat Urinary Kallikrein: Comparative Studies with Rat Submandibular Gland Kallikrein-Like Serine Protease

Abstract A 427-fold purification of rat urinary kallikrein (RUK) was achieved in three steps involving chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 and affinity chromatography on a column of benzamidine-Sepharose. Purified enzyme showed a single band on SDS-PAGE with an estimated molecular weight of 43,000. The amino-terminal sequences of the first 25 residues of RUK resemble the reported sequence for true kallikrein and share 80% identity with rat submandibular gland (RSMG) kallikrein-like serine protease. The RUK is highly reactive towards kallikrein substrates Bz-pro-phe-arg-pNA and DL-val-leu-arg-pNA, and plasmin substrate D-val-leu-lys-pNA. RSMG enzyme is more reactive towards Bz-val-gly-arg-pNA and tosyl-gly-pro-arg-pNA, preferential chromogenic substrates for trypsin-like proteases and thrombin, respectively. Both leupeptin and aprotinin inhibit RUK strongly, but soy bean trypsin inhibitor has no effect on this enzyme. RSMG enzyme is poorly inhibited by any of...
A unit hydrograph rainfall-runoff model using Mathematica

Abstract Many of the most commonly used rainfall-runoff computer programs involve runoff generation and flood hydrograph routing algorithms that reduce into Toeplitz matrix systems (see Hromadka II and Whitley, 2000, ASCE Journal of Hydrolic Engineering, submitted for publication ). A link-node model representation of the watershed is constructed by subdividing the watershed into numerous subareas, and connecting the subareas by a network of hydrologic routing links (using Muskingum, convex, convolution, or pure translation methods). The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center's computer program HEC-1, or related programs, is used to implement the details of the link-node modeling. In contrast, the single-area unit hydrograph model approach represents a watershed as a single subarea, and utilizes a single unit hydrograph to represent all the effects being modeled by a link-node model representation. The system of Toeplitz matrices developed in Hromadka II and Whitley (2000) precisely describes the single-area and link-node model structures as they are actually applied; namely, in discretized timestep unit period additions and multiplications. It was shown that the single-area unit hydrograph model structure similar to the link-node unit hydrograph model structure; namely, both structures are Toeplitz matrix systems of the same dimension. It was also shown that the calibrated single-area unit hydrograph model Toeplitz matrices which are developed by direct calibration to gauged data achieves the minimum variance between the model structure and the available rainfall-runoff data. In this paper, a computer program is presented that implements the procedures presented in Hromadka II and Whitley (2000) for optimizing the unit hydrograph method.
Nanomanufacturing concerns about measurements made in the SEM I: imaging and its measurement

The high resolution of the SEM is especially useful for qualitative and quantitative applications for both nanotechnology and nanomanufacturing. But, should users be concerned about the imaging and measurements made with this instrument? Perhaps one should or, at a minimum, understand some of the uncertainties associated with those measurements. It is likely that one of the first questions asked when the first scanning electron micrograph was ever taken was: “...how big is that?” The quality of that answer has improved a great deal over the past few years, especially since SEMs are being used as a primary tool on semiconductor processing lines to monitor the manufacturing processes. These needs prompted a rapid evolution of the instrument and its capabilities. Over the past 20 years or so, instrument manufacturers, through this substantial semiconductor industry investment of research and development (R&D) money, have vastly improved the performance of these instruments. All users have benefitted from this investment, especially where metrology with an SEM is concerned. But, how good are these data? This presentation will discuss a sub-set of the most important aspects and larger issues associated with imaging and metrology with the SEM. Every user should know, and understand these issues before any critical quantitative work is attempted.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE TROPHOBLAST IN SEVERAL HEMOCHORIAL PLACENTAS.

Portions of the labyrinth or villi of placentas from late pregnancy from nine species in four orders of mammals were examined with the electron microscope. Pronounced patterns of layering of the trophoblast were found in these placentas which were all of the hemochorial type. The laboratory rat, laboratory mouse, hamster, and deer mouse have three layers of trophoblast between the maternal blood space and fetal vessels (hemotrichorial), the rabbit two layers (hemodichorial), the guinea pig and chipmunk one layer (labyrinthine hemomonochorial), and the human and armadillo one layer (villous hemomonochorial). The outer layer of trophoblast of the hemotrichorial placentas (the layer next to the maternal blood) is cellular, but the next two layers are apparently syncytial and are closely apposed to one another. The outer layer of the rabbit placenta is syncytial, while the inner layer contains some pockets of cells. In all of the hemomonochorial placentas examined, the continuous layer of trophoblast was syncytial. It was found that the surface layer of trophoblast of all the placentas studied is rich in granular endoplasmic reticulum, whereas in subsequent layers this element is less abundant. All of the placentas show both surface and basal modifications of trophoblast, but caveolae (pinocytotic vesicles) were found to be most commonly located in crypts, pockets, or other regions somewhat removed from the surface. It is suggested that an area of relative stasis of maternal plasma may be important for absorption of some substances by the placenta.
Binary-Intensity Holograms

During reconstruction of an image by use of a hologram recorded on a medium capable of storing only binary information, an image of the original object, consisting of N (N = 2l, l = positive integer) equally spaced point sources of equal strength, is reconstructed together with ghost images of all orders. The ghost images consist of images of portions of the object array, displaced by integral multiples of the intrasource spacing in the array, so that the total irradiance in a given image spot originates from a number of object sources other than from only the conjugate source in the object array. In the worst case, an image spot contains every ghost in a given order, resulting in a total signal-to-noise (ghost) power of S/N={(log2N)[∑k=3k odd∞(−1)(k−2)/2/k]}−2.This result holds both for thin absorption holograms and thin phase holograms.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and longevity: New clues for an old friend

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was isolated in urine in 1934, and DHEA 3β-sulfate (DHEAS) was identified 10 years later (1, 2). It took another decade to identify DHEA and DHEAS in peripheral blood (3, 4). More recently, fatty acid esters of DHEA, testosterone, and estradiol (5) were isolated from a variety of tissues, particularly fat (6), and their presence in circulation (5). In 1981, Corpechot et al. (7) reported the presence of DHEA/DHEAS in the mammalian brain, but isolation of the key enzyme P450c17 required for the biosynthesis of DHEA was unsuccessful. Recently, P450c17 expression and biosynthesis of DHEA were found to interact by way of a tripartite contribution of astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons (8, 9). These neurosteroids act as an antagonist of the γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor and as a modulator of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (10) and may have sleep-inducing (rapid eye movement sleep) (11), memory-enhancing, and anxiolytic properties (see review in ref. 10). During the past five decades, a myriad of animal experiments has suggested that DHEA is a multifunctional hormone with immunoenhancing, antidiabetic, antiobesity, anticancer, neurotropic, memory-enhancing, and antiaging effects.
Tracking infants at risk: Washington State's high priority infant tracking system.

Abstract Infants at risk for health and developmental problems have been tracked in a pilot project in Washington State since 1982. Children are identified during the neonatal period according to biologic and environmental risk factors. Approximately 10% to 12% of all births meet the criteria. Health departments and primary providers collaborate to keep these children in primary care until age 3. Data analysis indicates that 78% of eligible infants are enrolled; 85% of those remain in primary care. Of the infants tracked, 40% have health problems; 20% have developmental problems. Cooperative relationships between community hospitals, health departments, and private providers are enhanced.
Large deformation static and dynamic finite element analysis of extensible cables

Abstract Approximate numerical integration of the element total potential energy with polynomial interpolation of the displacements creates high order nonlinear, extensible, cable finite elements. Successful computations of static and dynamic large displacement cable problems are carried out with the element.
Interpretation of bryozoan microfossils in lacustrine sediment cores

Bryozoan statoblasts were isolated from the surficial sediments of 30 Florida lakes representing a gradient of trophic conditions. A prerequisite for lake selection was a good data base for water chemistry that was collected within the past 5–10 years. A novel technique of employing 210-Pb as a dilution tracer was used to estimate sedimentation rates for each lake. The net annual accumulation rate for bryozoan statoblasts was calculated for each lake and correlated with twelve physical, chemical, and biological variables. The results suggest that bryozoan distributions are strongly controlled by the extent of the littoral zone and phytoplankton biomass. It appears that bryozoan abundance in excessively weeded lakes may be limited by phytoplankton in spite of the richly developed habitat. Separation of the importance of food requirements from habitat requirements was not possible from this initial survey.
Political Liberalism, Ethos Justice, and Gender Equality

Susan Okin criticizes John Rawls’s ‘political liberalism’ because it does not apply principles of justice directly to gender relations within households. We explain how one can be a ‘political liberal feminist’ by distinguishing between two kinds of justice: the first we call ‘legitimacy justice’, conceptions of which apply to the ‘legally coercive structure’ of society; the second we call ‘ethos justice’, conceptions of which apply to citizens’ ‘non-coercive’ relations. We agree with Okin that a society in which most persons act in accordance with ‘gender equal’ ethos justice is morally superior to one in which most persons do not. A shared commitment to a particular conception of ethos justice, however, cannot be required by a conception of legitimacy justice. A political liberal feminist is committed to promoting gender equality with respect to both legitimacy justice and ethos justice, but recognizes that different means are necessary to do so.
Use of powdered coconut charcoal as a toxicity identification and evaluation manipulation for organic toxicants in marine sediments

We report on a procedure using powdered coconut charcoal to sequester organic contaminants and reduce toxicity in sediments as part of a series of toxicity identification and evaluation (TIE) methods. Powdered coconut charcoal (PCC) was effective in reducing the toxicity of endosulfan-spiked sediments by 100%. Powdered coconut charcoal also was effective in removing almost 100% of the toxicity from two field sediments contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Powdered coconut charcoal did not change the toxicity of ammonia or metal-spiked sediments; however, there was some quantitative reduction in the concentrations of free metals (element specific) in metal-spiked sediments. Powdered coconut charcoal is an effective, relatively specific method to sequester and remove toxicity from sediments contaminated with organic contaminants.
On l-adic representations attached to Hilbert and Picard modular surfaces

Abstract In this paper we compute the l -adic Lie algebra of a product of l -adic representations associated to a Hilbert modular surface and a Picard modular surface.
Dynamic Response of Automotive Catalytic Converters to Modulations in Engine Exhaust Compositions

This paper presents a computational investigation of the effect of composition modulations on an automotive catalytic converter. The objective is to develop a better fundamental understanding of the converter’s performance under actual driving conditions. Such an understanding will be beneficial in devising improved emission control methodologies by exploiting the catalyst transient behavior. The study employs a single-channel based, one-dimensional, non-adiabatic model. Two types of imposed transients (sinusoidal and step changes) are considered. The results show that composition modulations cause a significant departure in the catalyst behavior from its steady behavior, and modulations have both favorable and harmful effects on pollutant conversion. The departure is relatively significant for catalyst CO and HC conversion performance. The operating conditions and the modulating gas composition have substantial influence on catalyst behavior. Near stoichiometric condition, modulations of HC concentration have relatively greater effect and result in increased CO and HC conversions. Modulations of CO, on the other hand, result in a decrease of CO conversion. The effect of CO modulations on HC conversion is slightly positive. For the conditions studied, NO modulations generally do not result in any significant change in catalyst performance.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
18Fluorodeoxyglucose PET in schizophrenia

Six chronic schizophrenic patients and six age-matched controls were studied with 18fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). All patients were scanned when they had been free of medication for at least 2 weeks. Comparisons were made between the groups on regional ratios of cortical 18FDG, with manual and automated measures. Only one of eight regions, the right temporal cortical region, showed a significant group difference, and this effect was not significant when adjustment was made for multiple comparisons. Secondary analyses suggest that ventricular enlargement and age may be associated with a relatively "hypofrontal" pattern of 18FDG.
Performance of source routing in ad hoc networks based on compound pareto statistics

The frequency of route discovery is one of the main performance metrics in the mobile ad hoc networks with source-routing. Conventionally, this metric was derived from the exponential distribution. Although it might be appropriate to the paradigms directed mainly by the voice traffic, the exponential model is inadequate to characterize the scenarios dominated by heavy-tailed data traffic. In this paper, we present an approach to characterize the data traffic through the compound Pareto distribution. The proposed models are based on the reliability archetypes of the series and parallel connections.
Prevention of autoimmune diabetes in the BB rat by intrathymic islet transplantation at birth

Spontaneous diabetes in the BioBreeding (BB) rat, like human type I diabetes, results from the destruction of pancreatic islets by autoreactive T lymphocytes recognizing beta cell-specific antigens. T cell tolerance is in part mediated by interactions of maturing thymocytes with antigens expressed in the thymic microenvironment; islets were therefore implanted into the thymus of neonatal diabetes-prone BB rats to determine whether exposure of T cell precursors to beta cell antigens could influence the development of diabetes. This treatment completely prevented diabetes and insulitis in the native pancreas. The effect may be the result of specific modulation of diabetogenic T cells maturing in an islet-bearing thymus.
A model for a three course introductory sequence

This paper describes a new three-course introductory sequence. It design is based on the following three principles: 1) multiple first courses so students can enter the program in different ways, 2) eliminating any distinction between courses designed for majors and non-majors, and 3) lengthening the introductory sequence from two courses to three to allow adequate time for the coverage of important new ideas.
Dental service at Teamster Comprehensive Care Program, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center.

The Teamster Comprehensive Care Program at Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, NY, was a 2½-year pilot demonstration project. Complete medical and dental care was provided without charge to about 1,000 Teamster families. In dental care, fillings, radiographs, extractions, and oral prophylaxes accounted for almost 80% of the services received.
Design and experimental characterization of nonlinear metamaterials

We apply an analytic theory [New J. Phys.12, 093010 (2010)] toward the design of varactor-loaded split-ring resonator metacrystals, having nonlinear electromagnetic properties on demand. The design methodology here is shown to be efficient and is validated by the excellent agreement between the analytically predicted and experimentally measured harmonic generation. The analytic formulas enable a path toward optimization of nonlinear properties, which we demonstrate by varying the spacing of the metamaterial elements to maximize the second-order nonlinear susceptibility of the system.
Magnetic moment of the 3/sup -/ level of /sup 40/Ca from magnetic decoupling in free ions

The method of magnetic decoupling of hyperfine fields in free ions is used to estimate the magnetic moment of the lowest 3/sup -/ level of /sup 40/Ca (tau = 61 psec). The value ..mu.. = + 0.56 +- 0.13 (where the sign is derived from an earlier measurement) confirms the basic nature of this state. (AIP)
Poster Sessions CP13: Hypoxia, Ischemia and Oxidative Stress

In order to study the role of nitric oxide (NO) in ischemic brain injury. Global cerebral ischemia was established in SD rats by modified Pulsinelli's method. The activities of constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), inducible NOS (iNOS), neuronal NOS (nNOS), nitrite (NO2) and cyclic GMP in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum at different time intervals were measured by radioimmunoassy, NADPH-d histochemistry and fluorometry methods. The results showed that the activities of cNOS increased at 5 min in four regions and decreased in cortex, hippocampus and striatum at 60 min, in cerebellum at 15 min iNOS increased in cortex and striatum at 15 min, in hippocampus and cerebellum at 10 min, and persisted to 60 min. The expression of nNOS increased after 5 min ischemia in cortex, striatum and hippocampus, and return to normal at 30–60 min. The NO2 and cGMP also increased after 5–15 min ischemia and returned to normal after 30–60 min ischemia. These results indicated that the NO participated in the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia injury and different types of NOS play different role in the cerebral ischemia injuries. Selected specific NOS inhibitors to decreased the excessive production of NO at early stage may help to decrease the ischemic injury.
Quasiperiodic behavior of electrons in the ionosphere

Summary form only given, as follows. Electrons traveling in the ionosphere-inner magnetosphere region can become trapped by the quasi-static electric field at auroral altitudes (5,000-12,000 km) and magnetic mirroring at ionospheric heights. A model is developed to simulate electron trajectories influenced by electric field fluctuations, and a dynamical analysis is performed on the resulting orbits. For fluctuations in the frequency range of 1 Hz, a bounce resonance may develop between electrons with typical travel times of few seconds. These electrons can remained trapped indefinitely, resulting in distinct quasiperiodic behavior. A stroboscopic map (a Poincare map with time as a state variable of the system) is applied, and the results form a 2-Torus in velocity phase space. The paper includes discussions on the acceleration process, the dynamical analysis, behavior in phase space, physical implications of the system, and a statistical summary of electron orbits.
Elicitation of release of luteinizing hormone by N-methyl-d,l-aspartic acid during three paradigms of suppressed secretion of luteinizing hormone in the female pig.

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine the minimal effective dose during lactation and site of action of N-methyl-d,l-aspartic acid (NMA) for elicitation of release of luteinizing hormone (LH) in female pigs. In the first experiment, three doses of NMA were given to lactating primiparous sows in which endogenous LH was suppressed by suckling of litters. In the second experiment, ovariectomized gilts were pretreated with estradiol benzoate or porcine antisera against GnRH to suppress LH and then given NMA to determine if it elicited secretion of LH directly at the anterior pituitary or through release of GnRH. In experiment 1, 3 lactating sows (17 ± 1.5 d postpartum) were each given three doses of NMA (1.5, 3.0 and 5.0 mg/kg body weight [BW]; IV) on 3 consecutive days in a Latin Square design. Blood samples were collected every 10 min from −1 to 1 hr from injection of NMA. NMA at 1.5 and 3.0 mg/kg did not affect (p>.5) secretion of LH; however, 5 mg NMA/kg elicited a 114% increase (p −1 ·min) 1 hr after NMA (38.7 ± 3) was significantly greater (p .5) on secretion of LH in gilts infused with GnRH-Ab. These results demonstrate that as little as 5 mg NMA/kg evokes LH secretion in female pigs and that NMA elicits LH release via stimulation of release of GnRH.
Uredinales from the Northwest Himalaya

The rusts reported in this paper were collected by Dr. R. R. Stewart or by R. R. and I. D. Stewart in the northern part of the United Provinces and in the Punjab, Kashmir and the Northwest Frontier Province of India. For an account of an early collection by Stewart from this region see Arthur and Cummins (Mycologia 25: 397-406. 1933). Species marked with an asterisk represent new records for India.
Effect of Cellular Senescence and Retinoic Acid on the Expression of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Proteins in Skin Fibroblasts

Retinoic acid (RA) has significant effects on a variety of cellular processes, including growth and differentiation. Retinoic acid has also been implicated as a major morphogen during embryogenesis. In the skin, both the epidermis and the dermis are extremely responsive to the effects of retinoids; however, the molecular mechanisms through which retinoids act in this tissue remain poorly understood. Two classes of proteins play roles in mediating the biological effects of retinoic acid. The nuclear receptors for retinoic acid are of two types, the initially described RARs, and the RXRs. Each of these nuclear receptor families has multiple isoforms and can function as a ligand-inducible transcription enhancing factor. A second class of receptor proteins exists for retinoic acid that are found in the cytoplasm, the cellular retinoic acid binding proteins (CRABPs). These proteins play a role in the binding, transport, and metabolism of retinoic acid. In previous studies, we have demonstrated that retinoic acid induces the expression of RAR beta and RAR gamma in human dermal fibroblasts. Moreover, we have also shown the selective transcriptional up-regulation of the RAR beta 2 isoform in senescent dermal fibroblasts and senescent human mammary epithelial cells. In order to further define molecules important in regulating the response of senescent dermal fibroblasts to retinoids, we demonstrate here that retinoic acid induces CRABP-II messenger RNA in human dermal fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that the induction by RA can be inhibited by actinomycin D, suggesting that the up-regulation may be mediated by a transcriptional mechanism. We further demonstrate that cycloheximide also has an effect on the up-regulation, suggesting a role for protein synthesis in the regulation of CRABP-II gene expression. We show that CRABP-II is a very stable messenger RNA species, in contrast to the mRNAs for RAR alpha, RAR beta, and RAR gamma. Of interest, we demonstrate no significant difference in the expression of CRABP-II between presenescent and senescent fibroblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that retinoic acid plays a central role in the regulation of CRABP-II gene expression in the dermal fibroblast and that this molecule is the major mediator of the cytoplasmic effects of retinoids in dermal fibroblasts. However, in contrast to RAR beta 2, there is no apparent change in the regulation of CRABP-II in senescent dermal fibroblasts.
Eicosanoids mediate microaggregation and nodulation responses to bacterial infections in black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, and true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta.

Nodulation is the first, and quantitatively predominant, cellular defense reaction to bacterial infection in insects and other invertebrates. Inhibition of eicosanoid biosynthesis in true armyworms, Pseudaletia unipuncta, and black cutworms, Agrotis ipsilon, immediately prior to intrahemocoelic injections with heat-killed preparations of the bacterium, Serratia marcescens, severely impaired the nodulation response. Five eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors, including dexamethasone (a phospholipase A2 inhibitor), indomethacin, ibuprofen (cyclooxygenase inhibitors), phenidone (dual lipoxygenase/cyclooxygenase inhibitor) and eicosatetraynoic acid (an arachidonic acid analog that inhibits all arachidonic acid metabolism) severely reduced nodulation in infected insects. The dexamethasone effects were reversed by treating true armyworms with arachidonic acid immediately after infection. In addition to these pharmacological findings, we demonstrate that an eicosanoid biosynthesis system is present in these insects. Arachidonic acid is present in fat body phospholipids at about 0.4% of total phospholipid fatty acids. Fat body expressed a phospholipase A2 that can hydrolyze arachidonic acid from the sn-2 position of cellular phospholipids. Fat body preparations were competent to biosynthesize prostaglandins, of which PGE2 was the major product. These findings support the hypothesis that eicosanoids mediate cellular immune reactions in insects.
Nominalism and Realism in Qumranic and Rabbinic Law: a Reassessment

D.R. Schwartz's noteworthy article, "Law and Truth: On QumranSadducean and Rabbinic Views of Law," proposes a powerful new theory for conceptualizing the fundamental difference between QumranSadducean and Pharisaic-rabbinic law.' Previous studies generally sufficed with the vague characterization of Qumran law as "priestly"' without defining exactly what this means or how it relates to specific legal issues. Schwartz, in contrast, examines numerous particular disputes between these two legal systems and explains how they devolve from two conflicting understandings of law. The rabbis were legal nominalists while the Qumran-Sadducean exegetes were legal realists, defined as follows:
Severe cerebellar swelling and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with FK506

Two patients with CsA-associated neurotoxicity developed severe cerebellar swelling and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura after switching to FK506 and high-dose corticosteroids. The prodrome of CsA-associated neurotoxicity, TTP and hypertension while receiving FK506, and high-dose corticosteroids could all be implicated in the development of this syndrome. Close monitoring of patients receiving FK506 and high-dose corticosteroids, for the development of TTP is warranted. Early radiological examination should also be considered in such patients to allow early surgical intervention.
RhoC Is an Unexpected Target of RhoGDI2 in Prevention of Lung Colonization of Bladder Cancer.

RhoGDI2 (ARHGDIB) suppresses metastasis in a variety of cancers but the mechanism is unclear, thus hampering development of human therapeutics. RhoGDI2 is a guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI) for the Rho family of GTPases thought to primarily bind to Rac1; however, Rac1 activation was not decreased by RhoGDI2 expression in bladder cancer cells. To better understand the GTPase-binding partners for RhoGDI2, a mass spectrometry–based proteomic approach was used in bladder cancer cells. As expected, endogenous RhoGDI2 coimmunoprecipitates with Rac1 and unexpectedly also with RhoC. Further analysis demonstrated that RhoGDI2 negatively regulates RhoC, as knockdown of RhoGDI2 increased RhoC activation in response to serum stimulation. Conversely, overexpression of RhoGDI2 decreased RhoC activation. RhoC promoted bladder cancer cell growth and invasion, as knockdown increased cell doubling time, decreased invasion through Matrigel, and decreased colony formation in soft agar. Importantly, RhoC knockdown reduced in vivo lung colonization by bladder cancer cells following tail vein injection in immunocompromised mice. Finally, unbiased transcriptome analysis revealed a set of genes regulated by RhoGDI2 overexpression and RhoC knockdown in bladder cancer cells. Implications: RhoGDI2 suppresses bladder cancer metastatic colonization via negative regulation of RhoC activity, providing a rationale for the development of therapeutics that target RhoC signaling. Mol Cancer Res; 13(3); 483–92. ©2014 AACR .
Enhanced biological cathodoluminescence

We have combined the specificity of antibody labeling, the power of fluorescence detection, and the resolution of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify antigenic sites on nanometer-scale features of mammalian cells. Cathodoluminescence (CL) detection in SEM was used to locate fluorophores bound to antibodies specific for cell surface epitopes. Sample preparation and instrument setup were optimized to yield the maximum luminescence compatible with a high definition secondary electron image. Separable CL component distances of less than 300 nm have been calculated. Antibody-specific fluorophores are associated with unique morphological features on a human dendritic cell. This technology provides a tool to identify the relationship between cell surface structures and receptor-ligand binding or other antigen-defined physiological states.
FEELINGS OF LOYALTY AMONG MEMBERS OF LEARNING‐IN‐RETIREMENT PROGRAMS

Of the many external pressures affecting higher education, the “graying of America” is one of the most significant. Demographic realities have led universities to pursue a new clientele by offering an increasing number of educational opportunities for older adults. One of the questions that arises is: What is higher education's responsibility to older adults in this changing environment? This question in turn leads institutions of higher education to ask: What are the benefits that accrue to the institution of higher education that sponsors programs for older adults? To capture the most complete picture of loyalty, the present study was designed as a descriptive study and employed both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The researcher held that a description of loyalty could best be determined through the depth provided by individual interviews. Additionally, the use of a questionnaire allowed the researcher to gather a greater breadth of information on race, gender, socioeconomic level, past par...
Figuras políticas y epistemológicas en el Neptuno alegórico de Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz

?Cual es la naturaleza de la alegoria que sustenta la imponente arquitectura verbal del Neptuno alegorico? ?Que relacion tiene este modo de representacion analogico-simbolica con otros textos alegoricos sorjuanianos como son sus autos sacramentales y el poema metafisico Primero Sueno? ?Que redes de significacion trazan entre si estos textos y a que tipos de publicos estaban dirigidos? Pocos criticos han intentado descifrar el hermetico, altamente denso y erudito entramado simbolico del Neptuno alegorico, oceano de colores, simulacro politico [. . .], descripcion y guia interpretativa del arco triunfal concebido por Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz y erigido por la iglesia metropolitana para recibir al 28avo. virrey novohispano don Tomas Antonio de la Cerda y Aragon, Conde de Paredes y Marques de la Laguna, el 30 de noviembre de 1680.1 Entre los estudiosos de la obra se encuentran Electa Arenal, Agustin Boyer, Dolores Bravo Arriaga, Fernando Checa, Jose M. Gonzalez Garcia, Joseph R. Jones, Helga von Kugelgen, Heinrich Merkl, Jose Pascual Buxo, Octavio Paz y Georgina Sabat de Rivers. El reducido numero de estudios sobre el Neptuno contrasta con la considerable atencion que han recibido otros escritos en prosa y en verso de la monja. Estamos todavia a la espera de un analisis mas global y extenso de este texto multidimensional.2
Resolution of thiosulfate interference in cyanide determination.

Abstract Sodium thiosulfate is commonly employed as an antidote for cyanide intoxication. Unfortunately, thiosulfate decomposes to sulfur dioxide which ultimately interferes with the colorimetric microdiffusion analysis of cyanide. Therefore, it is no longer reliable to determine cyanide blood concentrations after therapy with sodium thiosulfate has been instituted. A procedure has been developed to prevent sodium thiosulfate from interfering with the standard colorimetric method for cyanide determination. Although thiosulfate is still degraded to polythionic acids, this procedure takes advantage of the difference in p K a values of hydrogen cyanide and the various acidic polythionic acids formed upon the acidification of the thiosulfate anion. To ascertain if this modification would circumvent thiosulfate interference under in vivo conditions, mice receiving potassium cyanide were treated subsequently with sodium thiosulfate and the apparent concentration of cyanide in the blood was determined. These studies indicate that the interference of cyanide analysis caused by the presence of thiosulfate anion in biological samples can be resolved.
DISCRIMINATION LEARNING IN A FORAGING SITUATION

Rats were allowed to forage in a simulated natural environment made up of eight food sources (patches) each containing a fixed number of pellets. Two of the eight contained an extra supply of peanuts. The peanut patches were signaled by an olfactory/visual cue located at the bottom of the ladder leading to the patch. In successive phases the number of sessions per day, height of the patches, and availability of peanuts were manipulated. Subjects showed evidence of discrimination learning under these conditions, although the degree of discriminatory behavior varied as a function of environmental manipulations. Assessment of behavior within foraging sessions showed that subjects systematically changed their patterns of utilization of patches across time. Sampling or exploration, as well as food reinforcement, seem implicated in these results.
Femur Fractures in the Pediatric Population: Abuse or Accidental Trauma?

Background Child abuse represents a serious threat to the health and well-being of the pediatric population. Orthopaedic specialists will often become involved when child abuse is suspected as a result of the presence of bony injury. Distinguishing abuse from accidental trauma can be difficult and is often based on clinical suspicion.
High fidelity finite difference model for exploring multi-parameter thermoelectric generator design space

Abstract Thermoelectric generators (TEGs) are being studied and developed for applications in which waste heat, for example, from the exhaust of motor vehicles is converted into usable electricity. TEGs consisting of TE elements integrated with an exhaust heat exchanger require optimization to produce the maximum possible power output. Important optimization parameters include TE element leg length, fill fraction, leg area ratio between n- and p-type legs, and load resistance. A finite difference model was developed to study the interdependencies among these optimization parameters for thermoelectric elements integrated with an exhaust gas heat exchanger. The present study was carried out for TE devices made from n-type Mg 2 Si and p-type MnSi 1.8 based silicides, which are promising TE materials for use at high temperatures associated with some exhaust heat recovery systems. The model uses specified convection boundary conditions instead of specified temperature boundary conditions to duplicate realistic operating conditions for a waste heat recovery system installed in the exhaust of a vehicle. The 1st generation, and an improved 2nd generation TEG module using Mg 2 Si and p-type MnSi 1.8 based silicides were fabricated and tested to compare TE power generation with the numerical model. Important results include parameter values for maximum power output per unit area and the interdependencies among those parameters. Heat transfer through the void areas was neglected in the numerical model. When thermal contact resistance between the TE element and the heat exchangers is considered negligible, the numerical model predicts that any volume of TE material can produce the same power per unit area, given the parameters are accurately optimized. Incorporating the thermal contact resistance, the numerical model predicts that the peak power output is greater for longer TE elements with larger leg areas. The optimization results present strategies to improve the performance of TEG modules used for waste heat recovery systems.
Physical Activity among African American Women: Change and Ways of Knowing.

Research has grown in the 21st century regarding the physical activity patterns of racial and ethnic minorities. Although more is now known about some groups, disparities in health have not diminished. The purpose of this paper is to further explore the research about physical activity for African American women and suggest ways that future research might be conducted to address social and environmental justice relative to healthy behaviors. More information about race and gender can facilitate the promotion of physical activity and healthy living for all individuals, and can address the environmental as well as policy issues influencing behavior. Research focusing on qualitative data, moving beyond explanations of only racial categorical differences, emphasizing the cultural competence of researchers, acknowledging the importance of intersectionality, and using more theorizing may promote better ways of knowing about groups such as African American women.
Sexual reproduction and meiosis in Peridinium inconspicuum Lemmermann (Dinophyceae)

Description du cycle sexuel de P. inconspicuum, par visualisation au microscope electronique a balayage et optique, de la division vegetative, de la fusion sexuelle et du processus meiotique, de cellules en culture
Molecular study of turbulence in three-dimensional cavity flow

Abstract Three-dimensional molecular cavity problems are formulated and solved numerically. The fluid considered is water at 15°C. The turbulent flows generated are characterized by strong cross-currents over the usual primary vortex direction.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXXXII. Coverage of Classical Conditioning in Textbooks in the Psychology of Learning, 1952–1995

Objective information was obtained from 89 textbooks in the psychology of learning published from 1952 through 1995 to answer questions about their coverage of classical conditioning. We found (a) that classical conditioning consistently received less coverage than instrumental and operant conditioning, (b) that the distinction of classical and instrumental conditioning has become established as a textbook-construction device, (c) that use of the classical-instrumental distinction by textbook authors has “hardened” after a period of “fluidity” in the 1970s, (d) that the currency of references in the basic classical (as well as instrumental) conditioning chapters diminished from 1952 to 1995. Findings are discussed in regard to the possibility that, as a class, and in comparison to other textbooks, the textbooks of the psychology of learning fall short of fulfilling some of their recognized roles.
SU-E-T-252: Consolidating Duodenal/Small Bowel Toxicity Data via Iso-Effective Dose Calculations Based on Compiled Clinical Data

Purpose: To consolidate duodenal toxicity data from clinical studies with different dose fractionation schemes using the modified linear quadratic (MLQ) model. A methodology of adjusting the dose‐volume parameters todifferent levels of normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) was proposed and used to estimate dose‐volume constrains for treatment planning.Methods: A set of modified Lyman model parameters for duodenum NTCP were estimated by the chi‐squared fitting method using tolerance dose and equivalent uniform dose (EUD) data obtained in a literature search. These model parameters were then used to convert the dose‐volume pair, (D, V) to the iso‐effective dose (in 2 Gy per fraction)‐ volume pair, (DMLQED2, V). A relationship was derived to convert a given DMLQED2 at one level of NTCP, to an iso‐effective dose at another NTCP. Results: The literature search yielded six reports useful in making estimates of small bowel/duodenal toxicity. The modified Lyman model parameters were found to be TD50 = 60.9 ± 7.9 Gy, m = 0.21 ± 0.05, and I = 0.09 ± 0.03 Gy‐1. The toxicity rates associated with hypo‐fractionated radiotherapy (HBRT) were found to be consistent with other clinical data of conventional fractionations found in the literature. The conversion of DMLQED2 between different NTCP levels remains consistent with each other over a narrow range of NTCP. Conclusion: MLQ based iso‐effective calculations of dose‐response data corresponding to Grade > 2 toxicity were found to be consistent with one another within the uncertainty of DMLQED2 due to model parameter uncertainty. The dose‐volume data that can be converted to different NTCP levels may be used to estimate duodenal/small bowel dose‐volume constrains for new dose fractionation and/or dose escalation strategies. Medical College of Wisconsin Cancer Center Meinerz Foundation
The effect of response constraints on the perception of repeating auditory patterns

Subjects were required to identify repeating auditory patterns beginning with or ending with two specified elements. If free to identify and organize these patterns in any manner, subjects organized so that the longest run of identical elements began the pattern. When response constraints were compatible with the preferred organizations (i.e., when the description began with two identical elements), identification was quite accurate. When the response constraints were incompatible with the preferred organizations (i.e., when the description began or ended with two alternating elements), identification was poorer and subjects often resorted to a derived strategy in describing the pattern.
GENERATION OF STABLE THERMAL STRATIFICATION IN A PARTIALLY ENCLOSED SPACE DUE TO A ROOM FIRE

A numerical study of a two‐dimensional turbulent flow in a partially open rectangular cavity such as a room is carried out. The turbulent flow is induced by the energy input due to a localized heat source positioned on the floor of the cavity. This flow is of interest in enclosure fires where the flow in the cavity interacts with the environment through the opening or vents. The focus is on the stable, thermal stratification that arises in the room and on the influence of the opening height. A finite‐difference method is employed for the solution of the problem, using a low Reynolds number k — e turbulence model for the turbulent flow calculations. This model is particularly suitable for flows in which the possibility for relaminarization exists. It was found that, for high Grashof numbers and for relatively small opening heights, particularly for doorway openings, a strong stable thermal stratification is generated within the cavity, with a cooler, essentially uniform, layer underlying a warmer, linearly...
Material Injection Alleviation during the RAM C-III Flight

The results of a material injection RF blackout alleviation experiment and of plasma diagnostic measurements using electrostatic probes and an S-band reflectometer in a 25,000 fps re-entry flight are presented. Significant alleviation of RF blackout is observed at altitudes of from 270,000 ft to 120,000 ft due to injection of water and Freon E-3 on VHF, S-band, C-band, and X-band frequencies. Electrostatic probe data, attenuation data, and S-band diagnostk data show consistent plasma results. The relative effectiveness of water and Freon E-3 is discussed.
Erratum to: A Simple and Accurate Method to Measure Total Gaseous Mercury Concentrations in Unsaturated Soils

The online version of the original article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0691-7 .
Congenital duplication of the gallbladder associated with an anomalous right hepatic artery.

Summary A case report describing the incidental finding of a double gallbladder associated with an anomalous anteriorly displaced right hepatic artery has been presented. The literature has also been reviewed and the appropriate surgical intervention for supranumerary gallbladder suggested.