cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Ribonucleic Acid Digests (CARD) by Mass Spectrometry

We describe the comparative analysis of ribonucleic acid digests (CARD) approach for RNA modification analysis. This approach employs isotope labeling during RNase digestion, which allows the direct comparison of a tRNA of unknown modification status against a reference tRNA, whose sequence or modification status is known. The reference sample is labeled with 18O during RNase digestion while the candidate (unknown) sample is labeled with 16O. These RNase digestion products are combined and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Identical RNase digestion products will appear in the mass spectrum as characteristic doublets, separated by 2 Da due to the 16O/18O mass difference. Singlets arise in the mass spectrum when the sequence or modification status of a particular RNase digestion product from the reference is not matched in the candidate (unknown) sample. This CARD approach for RNA modification analysis simplifies the determination of differences between reference and candidate samples, providing a route for higher throughput screening of samples for modification profiles, including determination of tRNA methylation patterns.
Postoperative Schmerztherapie bei ambulanten Patienten

Die Gewahrleistung einer zufriedenstellenden Schmerzlinderung nach ambulanten Eingriffen zahlt zur Sorgfaltspflicht von Operateur und Anasthesist. Starkere postoperative Schmerzen sind einer der haufigsten Grunde fur eine ungeplante postoperative stationare Weiterbehandlung und somit eine Kontraindikation fur die ambulante operative Betreuung. Vor Entlassung mussen ein zufrieden stellendes Vigilanzniveau erreicht und eine suffiziente Schmerzbehandlung sichergestellt sein.
Strategies for Synergy in a High Modernist Project: Two Community Responses to India’s NREGA Rural Work Program

Summary This article asks what led to the successful implementation of the National Rural Employment guarantee program (NREGA) in Andhra Pradesh. In particular, the article ethnographically examines the implementation of the program in two different village panchayats (Dalit and Tribal) in Andhra, with a focus on underprivileged communities and it finds dramatic differences in the outcomes of the program. Both outcomes can be considered successful for the workers of the NREGA, although perhaps in ways that could not have been anticipated by the planners of the program. Theoretically, the analysis is situated between two strands—pessimistic critiques of the high-modernist state and more optimistic visions of state-society synergy. The pessimistic analysis underestimates the possibility a community will take advantage of the opportunities that a high-modernist state can provide. On the other hand, the overly optimistic account of the state-society literature assumes what I am calling “joint intentionality” between state and community is necessary for success, and empirically rules out successes that do not have such joint intentionality. The article shows that high-modernist state actions can create a structural context that opens up avenues for local successes, while local factors—namely the caste, class and livelihood strategy of villagers—determine the distinct avenues through which success is achieved. Top-down centralized implementation characterized by a high-modernist state does not rule out the realization of local goals. State and society can interact to produce positive outcomes even if these outcomes are not jointly intended.
Managing Global Growth Risks and Commodity Price Shocks : Vulnerabilities and Policy Challenges for Low-Income Countries: Vulnerabilities and Policy Challenges for Low-Income Countries

As part of its work to help low-income countries manage volatility, the IMF has developed an analytical framework for assessing vulnerabilities and emerging risks that arise from changes in the external environment. This paper draws on the results of the first vulnerability exercise for low-income countries conducted by the IMF staff using this new framework. It focuses on the risks of a downturn in global growth and of further global commodity price shocks and discusses related policy challenges. Chapters review recent macroeconomic developments, including the spike in global commodity prices in early 2012; assess current risks and vulnerabilities, including how a sharp downturn in global growth and further commodity price shocks would affect low-income countries; and discuss policy challenges in the face of these risks and vulnerabilities.
RESEARCH: THE COMPARISON OF SOCIAL MEDIA AND MARKETING RELATIONSHIPS IN THE EAST AND THE WEST

Prevalent social media use has resulted in many new forms of relationships between and among businesses and consumers around the world. We investigate the difference in, business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C), and customer-to-customer (C2C) relationships in the U.S. versus in China. We propose that since Guanxi has a nuanced difference than the Western concept of networking (Lee, Pae, & Wong, 2001; Luo, 1997), in the B2B context, social media will strengthen pre-existing Guanxi in China. Contrarily, U.S. business will use social media to initiate B2B network. For B2C relationship, U.S. companies use social media more directly to communicate with customers when compared to Chinese companies. Finally for C2C relationship, C2C brand communities in China are more likely to be formed from pre-existing Guanxi while U.S. brand communities are initiated using social media. Our conceptualizations inform marketers on how to enter global market places using social media.
Chapter eleven - Cardiac Regeneration

The heart is a pump that is comprised of cardiac myocytes and other cell types and whose proper function is critical to quality of life. The ability to trigger regeneration of heart muscle following injury eludes adult mammals, a deficiency of great clinical impact. Major research efforts are attempting to change this through advances in cell therapy or activating endogenous regenerative mechanisms that exist only early in life. In contrast with mammals, lower vertebrates like zebrafish demonstrate an impressive natural capacity for cardiac regeneration throughout life. This review will cover recent progress in the field of heart regeneration with a focus on endogenous regenerative capacity and its potential manipulation.
Exploring employee perceptions of Six Sigma as a change management program in higher education

ABSTRACTChange initiatives in higher education are frequently guided by an institutional change management program which provides employees with a framework and set of skills to better understand problems and facilitate change at the organisational level. In this paper, we explore employee perceptions of Six Sigma as a tool for facilitating change at one public institution of higher education in the southeast United States. Unlike previous research studies that focused on specific results of change initiatives using Six Sigma, our research team considered how individuals, trained in the implementation of Six Sigma techniques and strategies, viewed the potential of the Six Sigma model to enact and sustain change initiatives in a higher education setting. In this case study, we describe Six Sigma as a change management program in higher education based on Lewin’s Three-Phase Model of Change.
Joint Influence of SNPs and DNA Methylation on Lipids in African Americans From Hypertensive Sibships.

Introduction:Plasma concentrations of lipids (i.e., total cholesterol, high-density cholesterol, low-density cholesterol, and triglycerides) are amenable to therapeutic intervention and remain important factors for assessing risk of cardiovascular diseases. Some of the observed variability in serum lipid concentrations has been associated with genetic and epigenetic variants among cohorts with European ancestry (EA). Serum lipid levels have also been associated with genetic variants in multiethnic populations.Methods:The purpose of this study was to determine whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and DNA methylation (DNAm) differences contribute to lipid variation among African Americans ([AAs], N = 739) in the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy (GENOA) study.Results:Previous meta-analyses identified 161 SNPs that are associated with lipid traits in populations of EA. We evaluated these SNPs and 66 DNAm sites within the genes containing the SNPs in the GENOA cohort using linear mixed-ef...
Toxicities and outcomes: Do steroids matter?

Hypophysitis is a common toxicity of ipilimumab and may be managed with either low- or high-dose steroids. In this issue of Cancer, Faje and colleagues observe that patients treated with low-dose steroids have equivalent rates of hypophysitis resolution compared to those who receive higher doses. Importantly, however, melanoma-specific outcomes are improved in the low-dose cohort. Herein, we discuss the implications of this finding and the known associations between steroids and clinical outcomes to cancer immunotherapy.
Metastatic intracranial hemangiopericytoma: The role of octreotide and PET imaging in diagnosis, pre-treatment and follow-up evaluation

1065 Learning Objectives 1. Discuss the radiologic and pathologic characteristics of metastatic hemangiopericytoma seen with somatostatin receptor imaging, FDG-PET, and MRI and relate it to other rare reports of HPC in the literature. 2. Discuss how to exploit these findings to detect recurrence and metastatic disease in patients diagnosed with HPC. Hemangiopericytomas (HPC) are rare tumors which closely mimic meningiomas radiologically, including their appearance on MRI. However, in contrast to meningiomas, HPCs have a relatively high incidence of local recurrence and distant metastases, manifesting the need for sensitive non-invasive methods of detection that efficiently image the entire body. We present a rare case of right optic nerve sheath HPC that was initially diagnosed as a meningioma, but had demonstrated multiple local recurrences over a 20 year period. We found that similar to meningiomas, HPC was 111In-Pentatreatide avid on SPECT and only mildly took up FDG. Furthermore, we identified a previously unknown distant metastasis in the thoracic spine that was impinging on the spinal cord. We detail the radiologic and pathologic characteristics of this case seen with somatostatin receptor imaging, FDG-PET, and MRI and relate it to other rare reports of HPC in the literature. Importantly, we discuss how to exploit these findings to detect recurrence and metastatic disease in patients diagnosed with HPC
Restructuring Educational Leadership Preparation: Identifying Needed Conditions:

In this article, a description is presented of the strategy and steps that were followed at the University of Northern Colorado in restructuring its educational leadership preparation program. Deta...
Molecular genetic analysis of chromosome 9p in methylthioadenosine phosphorylase deficient glioma cell lines.

Methylthioadenosine (MTA) phosphorylase is the enzyme involved in the metabolism of polyamines and purines.1 MTA, the substrate for this enzyme, is produced during the synthesis of spermine and spermidine and is cleaved to methylthioribose 1-phosphate and adenine, which are recycled to methionine and adenine nucleotide, respectively.1 This enzyme has been known to be deficient in human leukemias, lymphomas, and solid tumors.2,3,4 The gene locus for this enzyme (designated MTAP) has been mapped to human chromosome 9p.5 Enzyme deficient malignant cell lines are frequently found to have chromosome 9p abnormalities.6 Although cytogenetic analysis of human gliomas has demonstrated a very prevalent chromosomal abnormality involving deletions or translocations of chromosome 9p,7 these tumors have not been tested for MTAP deficiency. In this report, we screened eight human glioma cell lines and six primary brain tumors for MTA phosphorylase activities using the radiochemical method and immunoblot analysis. Of 14 cell lines and primary tumors, five cell lines and five primary tumors (70%) were found to be enzyme-deficient. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of this enzyme deficiency and its relevance to the genesis of human brain tumors, DNA analysis and pulsed field gel analysis were carried out.
Ibrutinib plus anti-CD20-interferon alpha fusion protein for treatment of B cell lymphomas.

e14567Background: Anti-CD20 antibody-IFNα fusion protein induces apoptosis and promotes in vivo eradication of CD20-expressing murine and human B cell lymphomas. Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is c...
Diversity of Cropping Patterns and Land Use Practices in Faridpur Region

The development of agriculture sector largely depends on the reliable and comprehensive statistics of the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of a particular area, which will provide guideline to policy makers, researchers, extensionists and development workers. The study was conducted over all 29 upazilas of Faridpur region during 2015-16 using pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire with a view to document the existing cropping patterns, cropping intensity and crop diversity of this area. From the present study it was observed that about 43.23% net cropped area (NCA) was covered by only jute based cropping patterns on the other hand deep water ecosystem occupied about 36.72% of the regional NCA. The most dominant cropping pattern Boro−Fallow− Fallow occupied about 24.40% of NCA with its distribution over 28 out of 29. The second largest area, 6.94% of NCA, was covered by Boro-B. Aman cropping pattern, which was spread out over 23 upazilas. In total 141 cropping patterns were identified under this investigation. The highest number of cropping patterns was identified 44 in Faridpur sadar and the lowest was 12 in Kashiani of Gopalganj and Pangsa of Rajbari. The lowest crop diversity index (CDI) was reported 0.448 in Kotalipara followed by 0.606 in Tungipara of Gopalganj. The highest value of CDI was observed 0.981 in Faridpur sadar followed by 0.977 in Madhukhali of Faridpur. The range of cropping intensity value was recorded 113- 262%. The maximum value was for Saltha of Faridpur and minimum for Kotalipara of Gopalganj. As a whole the CDI of Faridpur region was calculated 0.971 and the average cropping intensity at regional level was 197%. Bangladesh Rice j. 2017, 21(2): 157-172
Extended LMP under High-Penetration Wind Power

With security constrained economic dispatch (SCED), Iocational marginal prices (LMP) are obtained by the optimal Lagrangian multiplier for power balance constraint. However, SCED is carried out under a certain unit commitment decision. Therefore, the cost from the variation of commitment decision is not included in LMP. The extended LMP is a new approach to calculate LMP, which is proposed by MISO. ELMP not only enables fast start resources to set price but also include the costs related to unit commitment. With the increasing penetration of wind power, it brings both advantages and challenges. Wind energy is cost-efficient and clean. However, the uncertainty and randomness will be a challenging issue for market operators. In this paper, an approximate ELMP (aELMP) model with multiple wind power output scenarios is proposed to investigate the behavior of ELMP under high wind penetration. The comparison is performed between LMP and ELMP to demonstrate that ELMP is able to reduce the uplift payment under wind uncertainty.
Design Principles for a Compartmentalized Enzyme Cascade Reaction

Compartmentalization of enzyme cascade reactions can both create a safe space for volatile reaction intermediates, where they are protected from cellular degradation mechanisms, and a quarantine fo...
Lupus is associated with poorer outcomes after primary total hip arthroplasty.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to assess whether lupus is associated with poorer outcomes after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA).MethodsWe used the 1998–2014 US National Inpatient Sample da...
A Hybrid Uplink Scheduling Approach for Supporting Mission-Critical Smart Grid applications in Commercial 4G Cellular Networks

Cellular-based M2M communications is one of the key IoT enabling technologies with huge market potential for cellular service providers deploying 4G LTE networks. This paper presents a new LTE UL scheduling strategy that can efficiently manages a massive number of M2M devices and applications with QoS guarantees along with typical adequate H2H services with minimum DL control channel signaling exchange. Specifically, we propose a simple hybrid LTE UL scheduling approach that utilizes the typical LTE’s dynamic scheduling for supporting H2H services and Semi-Persistent Scheduling (SPS) for supporting a massive number of smart M2M devices running mission-critical IoT applications that always require persistent radio resource allocation at regular interval. The proposed approach fully conforms to LTE’s signaling and QoS standards, eloquently mitigates the PDCCH congestion while adequately satisfying the stringent latency and QoS requirements of mission-critical IoT applications as well as H2H services.
IMPROVING THE REPORTING OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS IN REHABILITATION RESEARCH.

The foundation of evidence-based practice lies in clinical research, which is based on the utilization of the scientific method. The scientific method requires that all details of the experiment be provided in publications to support replication of the study in order to evaluate and validate the results. More importantly, clinical research can only be translated into practice when researchers provide explicit details of the study. Too often, rehabilitation exercise intervention studies lack the appropriate detail to allow clinicians to replicate the exercise protocol in their patient populations. Therefore, the purpose of this clinical commentary is to provide guidelines for optimal reporting of therapeutic exercise interventions in rehabilitation research. Level of evidence 5.
Phase II trial of neoadjuvant chemohormonal therapy (NAC) in prostate cancer (PC) with response assessment using PSMA PET/MRI.

334Background: Previous studies have shown that addition of docetaxel to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) significantly improves progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in men w...
Non-reciprocal elastic wave propagation in spatiotemporal periodic structures

We study longitudinal and transverse wave propagation in beams with elastic properties that are periodically varying in space and time. Spatiotemporal modulation of the elastic properties breaks mechanical reciprocity and induces one-way propagation. We follow an analytic approach to characterize the non-reciprocal behavior of the structures by analyzing the symmetry breaking of the dispersion spectrum, which results in the formation of directional band gaps and produces shifts of the first Brillouin zone limits. This approach allows us to relate position and width of the directional band gaps to the modulation parameters. Moreover, we identify the critical values of the modulation speed to maximize the non-reciprocal effect. We numerically verify the theoretical predictions by using a finite element model of the modulated beams to compute the transient response of the structure. We compute the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the collected displacement fields to calculate numerical band diagrams, showing excellent agreement between theoretical and numerical dispersion diagrams.
Rosalie Kane: The Convergence of the Social Worker and the Environmentalist -Our Journey Together.

Meeting Dr. Rosalie A. Kane for the first time was an experience I wasn’t quite prepared for. The year was 1997 and the event was the opening session of the National Institute of Aging Post-Doctora...
You Are Not Alone: What Law Schools Must Do to Help Law Students With Mental Health and Substance Abuse Issues

Substance abuse and mental health issues remain pervasive in the legal profession and require a coordinated response to address those issues. This article discusses the crisis of mental health conditions and substance abuse afflicting law students and lawyers, and it provides practical, tangible solutions for law schools and law students to address the crisis. This article concludes that law schools must educate their law students to let them know they are not alone as many others are suffering as well, and these law students are not alone in their battle because law schools will support them vigorously.
Prediction of hormonal resistance in metastatic prostate cancer with FDG PET/CT

1451 Objectives To assess the association of FDG PET/CT with time to hormonal treatment failure (THTF) in men with metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer. Methods 76 patients with metastatic castrate-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC) underwent FDG PET/CT and were followed prospectively for THTF defined operationally as change to chemotherapy or death. Patients who were alive and who had not switched to chemotherapy were censored at the last follow-up date (up to 108 mo). Cox regression analyses were used to examine the association between PET/CT measurements (sum of SUVmax, maximum of SUVmax, and average of SUVmax of up to 10 most active lesions - range 0-10, median 2) and THTF. Survival probabilities were based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Results 43 patients had THTF and 8 died without a documented hormonal treatment failure. Median time to THTF was 26.5 mo (95% CI: 15.5-46.6 mo). The THTF-free probability at 5 years was 35%+/-6%. In univariate analysis, all PET parameters including number of lesions were statistically significant for THTF. In a reduced multivariate model that accounted for inter-relationship among PET parameters, only sum of SUVmax (HR 1.01, 95%CI: 1.002-1.03, p=0.024) and number of lesions (HR 1.18, 95%CI: 1.08-1.29, p Conclusions FDG PET/CT provides independent prognostic information on THTF in men with mCSPC. Research Support NIH-NCI grants R01-CA111613 (PI: H. Jadvar) and P30-CA014089.
Preferential SOx Adsorption in Mg-MOF-74 from a Humid Acid Gas Stream.

The preferential adsorption of SOx versus water in Mg-MOF-74 from a humid SOx gas stream has been investigated via materials studies and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Mg-MOF-74 has been synthesized and subsequently loaded simultaneously with water vapor and SOx (62-96 ppm) in an adsorption chamber at room temperature over a time period of 4 days with a sample taken every 24 h. Each sample was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-mass spectrometry, and scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive spectroscopy. The metal-organic framework (MOF) showed retained crystallinity and peak intensity in PXRD, and after 2 days, it showed no obvious degradation to the structure. Use of multiple techniques, including TGA, identified 10% by weight of SOx species, specifically H2S and SO2, within the MOF. 1H solid-state NMR shows a substantial reduction of H2O when SOx is present, which is consistent with SOx preferentially binding to the oxophilic metal site of the framework. After 14 weeks aging, the sulfur remains present in the three-dimensional MOF, with only half being desorbed after 23 weeks in air.
Gonorrhea

Purpose of Review Gonorrhea is a sexually transmitted disease caused by the bacteria Neisseria gonorrhoeae. In this review, we summarize recent updates in gonorrhea epidemiology, laboratory diagnosis, antimicrobial resistance, treatment, and prevention and control approaches.
Early Undernutrition and Recovery from Acute Brain Damage Later in Life

One of the most perplexing problems in the neurological sciences is why lesions that look the same are not always associated with equivalent signs and symptoms of brain damage (Finger and Stein, 1982). In fact, it is not rare to find one person severely debilitated by the same lesion that may have only minimal or transient effects in another individual. In an attempt to understand the basis of this variability, scientists have been working to manipulate and isolate certain factors that they think can interact with the locus of the damage itself. Some potential intervening variables are now much better appreciated than they were even a generation ago, such as age at the time of trauma, speed of lesion growth and experiential history (Finger and Stein, 1982). Others, such as gender differences, are only beginning to be recognized, and without question still additional factors remain to be discovered and elucidated.
Single mode parity-time laser

The concept of parity-time (PT) symmetry exploits the interplay between the material loss and gain to attain novel optical phenomena such as exceptional point and unidirectional light propagation. Here we experimentally demonstrate a PT symmetry breaking laser that allows unique control of the resonant modes. In contrast to conventional ring cavity lasers with multiple competing modes, our on-chip InGaAsP/InP based PT microring laser exhibits intrinsic single-mode lasing regardless of the gain spectral bandwidth. Thresholdless parity-time symmetry breaking due to the rotationally symmetric structure leads to stable single-mode operation at the specific whispering gallery mode order.
Abstract 60: Higher Fitness is Associated with Lower Health Care Costs: The Veterans Exercise Testing Study

Introduction: The association between poor physical fitness and adverse health outcomes is well-established, but few data are available regarding the association between fitness and health care costs. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that higher fitness is associated with lower overall health care costs. Methods: We studied 9,945 patients (mean 58±11 years) who underwent maximal exercise testing for clinical reasons at two VA hospitals as part of the Veterans Exercise Testing Study (VETS). Fitness was expressed as the percentage of age-predicted peak METs achieved and categorized in quartiles. Total and annualized health care costs, derived from the VA Allocated Resource Center, were assessed between 2006 and 2013. Health care costs between quartiles of fitness were compared using ANOVA; multiple regression was used to determine clinical and exercise test predictors of health care costs. Follow-up for all-cause mortality (mean 8.5±5 years) was performed through March 2013. Results: A gradient for re...
Modeling and control architecture of source and load management in islanded power systems

This paper studies the power consumption and supply in an islanded power system (IPS) with high penetration of air conditioning load. The characteristics and behaviors of the loads in the IPS are researched and analyzed. Based on the power study, a new source and load management (SLM) system is designed to improve the power quality and energy/fuel efficiency in the power systems. In this paper, at first, an indoor temperature model with a parameter identification tool is constructed to help us analyze the power demand of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) loads, which plays an important role in IPS power study. Then, a baseline model of a typical IPS is built to consider the power consumption in the whole power network. Based on the baseline model, we assign a priority to each power demand, and propose the control architecture and strategy of the SLM. The control performance is validated by simulation tests to demonstrate the effectiveness on the energy and fuel efficiency improvement as well as maximized comfort indoor.
Lead and osteoporosis: Mobilization of lead from bone in postmenopausal women

Although it has been known that humans accumulate lead in bone, mineralized tissue has been considered primarily as a sequestering compartment and not as a site of toxic action for lead. However, experimental data indicate that bone lead can be released during conditions of demineralization, such as pregnancy and lactation. We have examined lead status in women, before and after menopause, using the NHANES II dataset compiled between 1976 and 1980. In 2981 black and white women there was a highly significant increase in both whole blood and calculated plasma lead concentrations after menopause. The results indicate that bone lead is not an inert storage site for absorbed lead. Moreover, lead may interact with other factors in the course of postmenopausal osteoporosis, to aggravate the course of the disease, since lead is known to inhibit activation of vitamin D, uptake of dietary calcium, and several regulatory aspects of bone cell function. The consequences of this mobilization may also be of importance in assessing the risks of maternal lead exposure to fetal and infant health.
ADOLESCENT RISK BEHAVIORS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO PERSONAL ASPIRATIONS AND PARENTAL AUTONOMY SUPPORT • 4

OBJECTIVE: To determine if adolescents who perceive their parents to be autonomy supportive and involved in their lives would hold stronger intrinsic aspirations relative to extrinsic aspirations(self/community/relationships/health versus wealth/fame/attractiveness/hedonism), and be less likely to engage in high risk behaviors.
Televising legislatures: Some thoughts on whether politicians are search goods

The evidence that televising legislative sessions helps politicians from homogeneous districts, where everyone agrees with his positions, but hurts politicians from heterogeneous districts, does not differentiate between whether politicians are search or experience goods. While evidence does exist that politicians are search goods (e.g., Lott, 1987b), it relies on the presence of the last period problem. If the conclusion that politicians are search goods is correct, it has important implications, because it contradicts the commonly held belief that it is the threat of re-election that prevents politicians from behaving opportunistically. It also indicates that there are fundamental differences between firm and political brand names.
Influencing performance improvement using skill charting

This paper serves several purposes. It provides a brief exposition on the general definitions and features of skills and competence in organizations, presents an overview of skill charting, offers specific methods to demonstrate training for skill development using constructivist approaches (skill charting/competency mapping); and then presents the results of a brief study that encompasses the approaches discussed. The findings of the study indicate that the skill charting methods have value, promise, and that they require further study.
Shear instability in a highly stratified estuary

Abstract Shear instability is found to be the principal mechanism of vertical exchange within the pycnocline of a salt wedge estuary. A field program involving high-resolution velocity and density measurements, as well as high-frequency acoustic imagery, allowed direct comparison of instantaneous Richardson number distributions to the occurrence of shear instability. The theoretical stability threshold of 0.25 is consistent with the measurements, based on estimates of gradients that contain the mean as well as fluctuations due to internal waves. An effective stability threshold based on mean gradients is found to be approximately one-third, reflecting a significant contribution of internal wave shear. The integral effect of the mixing process is to homogenize the gradients of velocity and density, producing linear profiles of these quantities across the pycnocline. A turbulent Prandtl number of unity is suggested by the vertical distributions of velocity and density during periods of active vertical mixin...
An ab-initio analysis of the influence of knock-on-atom induced damage on the peak tensile strength of 3C-SiC grain boundaries

AbstractThe effect of knock-on atom induced damage on the peak tensile strength of cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) is examined using an ab-initio simulation framework based on Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) method. The framework examines the effect of impact damage caused by a knock-on atom with velocities corresponding to four different kinetic energy levels (50 eV, 500 eV, 1 keV, and 2 keV) in three different SiC structure samples with different grain boundary (GB) configurations. Analyses show that peak tensile strength of the examined structures decreases by up to 37% in samples with GBs due to the impact damage caused by knock-on atom when compared with the case of single crystalline SiC under similar conditions. Analyses reveal new insights regarding the influence of bond strength change under knock-on atom induced impact damage on peak tensile strength of the examined structures. It is found that the peak tensile strength of the examined structures is a function of change in temperature, i...
Crystal structure of cyanocalix[4]arene methyl ether

The title compound has been prepared by the addition of bromocalix[4]arene methyl ether to CuCN in N-methylpyrrolidone. The crystals belong to the monoclinic space groupP21/n witha=13.591(3),b=24.778(5),c=11.057(3)A,β=93.58(2)°, andDc=1.09 g cm−3 forZ=4. Refinement based on 1118 observed reflections led to a finalR value of 0.085. The molecule exhibits the partial cone conformation.
A Rhythmic Ror

The circadian clock mechanism in mammals involves two interlocking transcriptional feedback loops. Rev-erb alpha, through its role as a transcriptional repressor, was thought to be the primary determinant of the feedback loop that regulates Bmal1 transcription. Results reported by Sato et al. in this issue of Neuron now show that the transactivator Rora acts coordinately with Rev-erb alpha and that their competing activities on the same promoter element drive the rhythm in Bmal1 transcription. This finding defines the second feedback loop in mammals.
On the active manipulation of fields and applications: I. The quasistatic case

Following the ideas proposed by Guevara-Vasquez et al (2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103; Opt. Express 17 14800–5) on active exterior cloaking, we present here a systematic integral equation method to generate suitable quasistatic fields for cloaking, illusions and energy focusing (with given accuracy) in multiple regions of interest. In the quasistatic regime, the central issue is to design appropriate source functions for the Laplace equation so that the resulting solution will satisfy the required properties. We show the existence and non-uniqueness of solutions to the problem and study the physically relevant unique L2-minimal energy solution. We also provide some numerical evidence on the feasibility of the proposed approach.
Salivary immunoglobulins: Normal adult values and dissociation between serum and salivary levels

Abstract Salivary immunoglobulin levels were measured by electroimmunodiffusion (EID) in adults in health and disease. Forty parotid fluid samples from 18 healthy adults showed no detectable γG (one exception), γM, or γD. γA was present in all samples (2.8 to 15 mg. per cent, median 9.5 mg. per cent). Serial samples from the same individual showed considerable variation. Simultaneous samples of right and left parotid fluids showed little differences. In general, parotid fluid γA levels were higher than mixed submandibular-sublingual fluid γA levels. Eight patients with congenital sex-linked hypogammaglobulinemia and 3 patients with dysgammaglobulinemia had no detectable serum or salivary γA. A number of patients had dissociation of serum and salivary γA with low serum γA but normal levels of parotid fluid γA. These data suggest that the serum and salivary immunoglobulin pools are under separate regulation.
Base to apex thermal conductance of a cone embedded in a non-ideal insulator

As a paradigm for the effective thermal conductivity of a densely packed dispersion of conducting filler particles in an insulating matrix, the effective conductance of a cubic array of quasi-bicones is determined analytically and its numerical properties investigated. Based upon the insights gained, the effective conductivities of simple cubic arrays of more general particles are predicted by three different approximate techniques, and the results compared with those known for simple cubic arrays of spheres.
Connecting the Dots Between Patient-Completed Family Health History and the Electronic Health Record

Family health history (FHH) is an important tool for detecting and managing chronic health conditions, as well as for the detection and diagnosis of rare single gene disorders.1,2 Despite this, there is considerable evidence that a complete FHH is rarely collected in primary care settings.3 Numerous barriers have been cited in the collection and use of FHH, including the time required to collect the information, the accuracy of the information collected, the lack of ability to store the information in electronic health record systems, patient confidentiality concerns, and insufficient provider training to interpret the information. A 2009 National Institutes of Health State of the Science Conference concluded that studies examining methods for more efficiently collecting FHH in primary care settings were desperately needed.4 Family health history is likely to remain important as an aid to assessing the potential risk associated with genetic markers; for example, a recent study suggests a synergistic increase in colorectal cancer risk in individuals with both a high burden of risk variants and a FHH of colorectal cancer.5 Additionally, many of the gold standard guidelines developed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) can only be properly applied to patients for whom a FHH has been collected.
Could Self‐Neglect in Older Adults Be a Geriatric Syndrome?

Self-neglect in older adults is a complex phenomenon characterized by inattention to health and hygiene, typically stemming from an inability or unwillingness to access potentially remediating services. Some aspects of self-neglect clinically resemble geriatric syndromes (e.g., falling, incontinence). The literature on self-neglect was comprehensively reviewed and its quality evaluated in the context of considering its candidacy for a geriatric syndrome. MEDLINE (1966-2004) was searched using self-neglect as a keyword. Using a "snowball" sampling strategy, associated terms (e.g., Diogenes' syndrome) were combined, selecting relevant papers and frequently cited references, assessing each one using specific criteria. Its candidacy for consideration for a geriatric syndrome was assessed based on the quality of data in four domains: multifactorial etiology, shared risk factors with other geriatric syndromes, association with functional decline, and association with increased mortality. The 54 articles reviewed included 24 case series, 13 theoretical articles, 11 observational studies, and six reviews; these were of highly variable methodological quality. The strongest evidence that self-neglect may be a geriatric syndrome includes its often multifactorial etiology, its clear independent association with increased mortality, and the fact that two other geriatric syndromes (cognitive impairment and depression) are risk factors for self-neglect. Self-neglect in older adults is a prevalent problem that appears to have at least some features of a geriatric syndrome. Insofar as the concept of geriatric syndrome has been a useful clinical and research paradigm to create interventions for vulnerable older adults, and no such strategies are available for this vexing and understudied clinical problem, future research is warranted in this area.
Satellite Remote Sensing by the Technique of Computed Tomography

Abstract Computed tomography is a medical diagnostic technique in which x-ray transmission measurements at numerous angles through the human body are processed by computer to produce cross-sectional pictures of the body. A modification of this technique, using emitted infrared or microwave radiation instead of transmitted x-ray radiation, can be applied to satellite radiance measurements taken along the orbital track at various angles. Cross sections of the vertical atmospheric temperature structure (or the gaseous constituent density structure) are retrieved from the collection of radiance measurements taken at various angles and frequencies. The advantage of this technique over conventional remote sensing methods is the additional information acquired by viewing a given point in the atmosphere at several angles as well as at several frequencies. The physical and geometric concepts involved are discussed along with the mathematical formulation of the problem and the practical aspects of applying the tech...
Self-Acceptance and Disconfirming Feedback as Influences Upon Performance of a Gross Motor Skill

High and low self-acceptance subjects (N= 120) were tested under conditions of disconfirming feedback above and below performance expectancy on a gross motor skill. Subjects in the high and low disconfirming feedback groups received confirming feedback after Trials 1 to 4 and disconfirming feedback after Trials 5 to 10. Discrepant feedback as an experimental manipulation did not affect the performance of either group of subjects. The results are discussed in terms of cognitive dissonance theory.
The intradaily exchange rate dynamics and monetary policies after the group of five agreement

This paper investigates determinants of yen appreciation for the 1-year period after the G5 (Plaza) agreement of September 1985. During that period, five waves of appreciation, each lasting 2 weeks to one 1 month, separated by relatively calm periods can be identified. For each wave and calm period, the changes in the yen/dollar exchange rate are decomposed into those taking place in the Tokyo, Europe, and New York markets. In addition, the correlations among the yen, mark, and pound, and the correlations between the yen/dollar exchange rate and the long-term interest rate differential for each market for each wave are studied. Determinants of each appreciation wave are identified by news and regression analyses. The determinants identified include the U.S. policy switch (in the first wave), the Bank of Japan's “High interest rate” policy (in the second wave), and various mixes of the sharp decline in oil prices and the decline of the U.S. interest rate (in the third, fourth, and fifth waves). These findings are consistent with a view that the exchange rates respond mainly to news of fundamentals and that the exchange rates are not manageable by coordinated intervention alone. J. Japan Int. Econ., September 1987, 1(3), pp. 275–298. Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455; and National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138.
Nanostructures from POSS-Grafted Block Copolymer Precursors

A new method to prepare novel nanocomposites has been studied in which a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) monomer is grafted to a polyisoprene- block-polystyrene copolymer to yield an inorganic-organic hybrid copolymer (POSS-g-PI- block-PS). PS- block-PI copolymers (SI) were synthesized via anionic polymerization in tetrahydrofuran (THF) as solvent. The polyisoprene block of the SI diblock copolymers in this study featured a very high vinyl group fraction (65 mole % of 3, 4- addition and 35 mole % of 1, 2-addition) available to react with hydride-substituted POSS (isobutyldimethyl silane-POSS) to form a grafted block copolymer. Due to the immiscibility between POSS-grafted PI block and PS block, the grafted block copolymer developed a microdomain structure. The volume fraction of PS block in the grafted block copolymer was varied in the range of 0.45 to 0.37 in order to yield cylindrical PS microdomains in the matrix of POSS-grafted PI. After exposure to an oxygen plasma, it is expected that preferential erosion of the grafted block copolymer will occur for the organic potion (PS microdomains) thus leaving a well-defined nanoporous surface structure for nonlithographic functionalization of coated substrates.
Mechanically and Thermally Robust Ordered Nanoporous Monoliths Using Norbornene-Functional Block Polymers

A norbornene-functional styrene was synthesized and copolymerized with styrene, and monomer reactivity ratios were calculated in a controlled radical copolymerization. Polylactide-b-poly(norbornenylethylstyrene-s-styrene) (PLA-b-P(N-S)) block polymers were produced by a reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique using a PLA-based macro chain transfer agent and fully characterized using conventional techniques. Blends composed of this block copolymer, dicyclopentadiene (DCPD), and a metathesis catalyst were waxy materials that formed ordered structures containing cylindrical PLA nanodomains in a composite DCPD/P(N-S) matrix. These composite materials were pressed in a channel die to align the cylindrical domains and were cured by a ring-opening metathesis mechanism at elevated temperatures. Removal of the PLA from the resulting monoliths by mild basic etching resulted in nanoporous monoliths with cylindrical channels. The nanoporous materials were characterized by small-angle...
Persistence and smoothness of critical relative elements in Hamiltonian systems with symmetry

Abstract We use new global tools in singular reduction in order to generalize some results on the persistence and smoothness of critical relative elements in Hamiltonian systems with symmetry, obtained by Montaldi (see [5] and [4]) and Patrick (see [8]), to the case in which the elements considered have non-trivial symmetry.
Gender Differences in Employment Among Drug Court Participants: The Influence of Peer Relations and Friendship Network

ABSTRACT The research literature has identified gender differences in employment with substance-using women less likely to obtain and maintain employment when compared to men. The purpose of this study was to examine the association among gender, employment, peer relations, and friendship network among a sample of substance-using offenders in 2 drug court programs. This study examined the extent to which peer relations and friendship network helped to explain gender differences in employment. Overall, findings indicated that men reported more days of legal employment than did women during the 6 months before drug court. Furthermore, casual friendship network measures were positively correlated with self-reported illegal employment for both female and male drug court participants, but close friendship network measures were negatively correlated with illegal employment among the women. Findings are discussed for treatment and employment implications for substance-using offenders.
Modeling of magnetoelastic nanostructures with a fully coupled mechanical-micromagnetic model

Micromagnetic simulations of magnetoelastic nanostructures traditionally rely on either the Stoner-Wohlfarth model or the Landau?Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) model, assuming uniform strain (and/or assuming uniform magnetization). While the uniform strain assumption is reasonable when modeling magnetoelastic thin films, this constant strain approach becomes increasingly inaccurate for smaller in-plane nanoscale structures. This paper presents analytical work intended to significantly improve the simulation of finite structures by fully coupling the LLG model with elastodynamics, i.e., the partial differential equations are intrinsically coupled. The coupled equations developed in this manuscript, along with the Stoner-Wohlfarth model and the LLG (constant strain) model are compared to experimental data on nickel nanostructures. The nickel nanostructures are 100???300???35 nm single domain elements that are fabricated on a Si/SiO2 substrate; these nanostructures are mechanically strained when they experience an applied magnetic field, which is used to generate M vs H curves. Results reveal that this paper?s fully-coupled approach corresponds the best with the experimental data on coercive field changes. This more sophisticated modeling technique is critical for guiding the design process of future nanoscale strain-mediated multiferroic elements, such as those needed in memory systems.