cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a curvature-continuous stationary subdivision algorithm

We generalize the Loop subdivision algorithm for deriving a surface from a triangulated control mesh. Under subdivision, a vertex in the control mesh tends toward a limit point on the surface. Viewing this algorithm as an iterative smoothing at the vertices in the mesh, we identify the stochastic matrix which describes the refinement of the two- neighborhood of a vertex. By a unique choice of two parameters, the eigenstructure of this matrix produces a quadratic Taylor expansion with remainder for a family of curves coming into the limit point. The constant term in this expansion yields the limit point; the linear terms yield the tangent space to the surface at the limit point. Any curvature in the surface at the limit point is determined by the quadratic terms in this Taylor expansion.
Early Life Socioeconomic Disparities in Children’s Sleep: The Mediating Role of the Current Home Environment

Despite identified concurrent socioeconomic disparities in children's sleep, little research has examined pathways explaining such associations. This study examined the quality of the home environment as a direct predictor of sleep and potential mediator of associations between early life socioeconomic status and objective and subjective indicators of sleep in middle childhood. A socioeconomically and ethnically diverse sample of 381 twin children (50% female; 46.6% lower middle class or living at or below the poverty line; 26% Hispanic/Latino) were assessed at 12 months for SES and eight years using gold-standard home environment interviews and actigraphy-measured sleep. Multilevel mediation path models indicated that lower early SES and lower quality concurrent home environments were associated with shorter sleep durations, longer sleep latencies, and greater sleep timing variability. The home environment significantly mediated associations with sleep duration and sleep timing variability. The findings illustrate an important target in the prevention of poor childhood and adolescent sleep.
Abstract B004: A combination of two chemically distinct inhibitors of class I HDACs is highly effective to suppress AR signaling and in vivo growth of prostate cancer xenograft

Class I HDACs 1-3 are critical for the AR-mediated transcriptional program. Thus, targeting class I HDACs is a promising strategy for treating prostate cancer. However, several FDA-approved HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) broadly inhibiting different HDACs have been shown to be ineffective and overtly toxic for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer in clinical trials. These observations suggest that HDACi selective for class I HDACs may be more effective but less toxic for treating prostate cancer than pan HDACi. Notably, we and others have shown that HDACi of different chemical classes individually exhibit nonoverlapping but limited effects on the acetylome in cancer cells. We hypothesize that a combination treatment strategy with class I HDAC-selective HDACi of different chemical classes is more effective to block AR signaling and prostate tumor growth than such HDACi individually. We have recently discovered the novel benzoylhydrazide chemo-type of class I HDAC-selective HDACi with a unique pharmacologic profile. Medicinal chemistry effort led to an optimized analog, SR-4370, with 6 nM potency to HDAC3. In support of our hypothesis, SR-4370 in combination with the clinical class I HDACi entinostat markedly suppressed AR signaling, prostate cancer cell proliferation in vitro, and tumor growth in vivo, and the tumor-suppressive effects by the HDACi combination were more pronounced than by SR-4370 and entinostat individually. Gene expression profiling experiments revealed that the SR-4370/entinostat combination profoundly downregulated AR, AR-V7, and AR target genes, while activating immune and cell death signaling pathways. In a C4-2 xenograft model using athymic nude mice, the SR-4370/entinostat combination was highly effective in suppressing tumor growth. Importantly, these HDACi alone or in combination did not cause observable adverse effects judged by body weight and blood chemistry tests of treated mice. Overall, our data suggest that the SR-4370/entinostat combination may be a translatable treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer. Citation Format: Guimei Tian, Iqbal Mahmud, Ryan Stowe, Yushan Zhang, Hamsa Thayek Purayil, William Roush, Yehia Daaka, Daiqing Liao. A combination of two chemically distinct inhibitors of class I HDACs is highly effective to suppress AR signaling and in vivo growth of prostate cancer xenograft [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr B004.
Performance Evaluation of Machine Learning Algorithms in Apache Spark for Intrusion Detection

As the Internet continues to get stronger, so does the potential risk of malicious users trying to harm others. An intrusion detection system (IDS) can be used to alert the appropriate entities when potentially dangerous operations are happening within a host of set of hosts. Nowadays, we need a system that can accurately process large amount of network data quickly. Most of the state-of-the art IDSs apply the traditional machine learning algorithms to classify whether a packet is a part of an attack. However, these algorithms typically aren't implemented with a big data platform. In this research, we will use Apache Spark, a big data processing tool known for handling tasks at fast speeds, to process network packet data. This paper utilizes the Spark libraries to implement Random Forest, Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Logistic Regression, Naive Bayes, and Gradient Boosted Trees. We also implement a Deep Multilayer Perceptron, which is a Spark implementation of a deep learning algorithm. We compare the results of the traditional machine learning algorithms to the deep learning method. Our results show that the deep learning algorithm produces favorable accuracy, precision, and recall, but takes longer to analyze the data than classical machine learning algorithms.
Convexity in Linear Topological Spaces

We have made good progress in developing the algebraic aspects of our subject but the needs and applications of functional analysis require more powerful methods based on topological concepts. Thus, as our next step, we consider the result of imposing on a given linear space a “compatible topology”. This is hardly a novel idea; indeed, several excellent books already exist which are devoted to a detailed investigation of the many ramifications of this notion. However, our treatment is less ambitious and more pragmatic, being shaped primarily by the necessities of our intended applications. These necessities require an understanding of the properties of topologies defined by one or more semi-norms on a linear space. They also require a well-rounded duality theory and it is interesting to discover that the maximal class of linear topologies which yields the requisite duality theory is precisely the class of topologies defined by a family of semi-norms.
Generalized Nonlinear Difference-in-Difference-in-Differences

The work of the first author was supported by Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, Grant M13-0559:1, PI: Staff an I. Lindberg, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Sweden and by European Research Council, Grant 724191, PI: Staff an I. Lindberg, V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Creating and sharing reproducible research code the workflowr way

Making scientific analyses reproducible, well documented, and easily shareable is crucial to maximizing their impact and ensuring that others can build on them. However, accomplishing these goals is not easy, requiring careful attention to organization, workflow, and familiarity with tools that are not a regular part of every scientist's toolbox. We have developed an R package, workflowr , to help all scientists, regardless of background, overcome these challenges. Workflowr aims to instill a particular "workflow" — a sequence of steps to be repeated and integrated into research practice — that helps make projects more reproducible and accessible.This workflow integrates four key elements: (1) version control (via Git ); (2) literate programming (via R Markdown); (3) automatic checks and safeguards that improve code reproducibility; and (4) sharing code and results via a browsable website. These features exploit powerful existing tools, whose mastery would take considerable study. However, the workflowr interface is simple enough that novice users can quickly enjoy its many benefits. By simply following the workflowr "workflow", R users can create projects whose results, figures, and development history are easily accessible on a static website — thereby conveniently shareable with collaborators by sending them a URL — and accompanied by source code and reproducibility safeguards. The workflowr R package is open source and available on CRAN, with full documentation and source code available at https://github.com/jdblischak/workflowr .
A Tale of Two Ideas

Since the fall of feudalism in Europe, western governments have implemented minimal and punitive public assistance programs to maintain a delicate balance between preventing revolt and ensuring a steady stream of workers willing to accept meager wages. While advocates throughout history have presented an alternative, the universal basic income (UBI), the inexhaustible need for cheap labor created by agriculture and industrialization has proven an infertile ground for UBI ideals. Rising inequality and automation of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, however, have created renewed interest in basic income, which may present the solution to ineffective modern welfare policy.
Detection and analysis of autophagy in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)

In response to environmental temperature depression in the fall and winter, American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) brumate. Brumation is characterized by lethargy, fasting, decreased metabolism, and decreased body temperature. During brumation, alligators will periodically emerge for basking or other encounters when environmental conditions permit. This sporadic activity and lack of nutrient intake may place strain on nutrient reserves. Nutrient scarcity, at the cellular and/or organismal level, promotes autophagy, a well-conserved subcellular catabolic process used to maintain energy homeostasis during periods of metabolic or hypoxic stress. An analysis of the putative alligator autophagy-related proteins has been conducted, and the results will be used to investigate the physiological role of autophagy during the brumation period. Using published genomic data, we have determined that autophagy is highly conserved, and alligator amino acid sequences exhibit a high percentage of identity with human homologs. Transcriptome analysis conducted using liver tissue derived from alligators confirmed the expression of one or more isoforms of each of the 34 autophagy initiation and elongation genes assayed. Five autophagy-related proteins (ATG5, ATG9A, BECN1, ATG16L1, and MAP1-LC3B), with functions spanning the major stages of autophagy, have been detected in alligator liver tissue by western blot analysis. In addition, ATG5 was detected in alligator liver tissue by immunohistochemistry. This is the first characterization of autophagy in crocodylians, and the first description of autophagy-related protein expression in whole blood.
Fashioning Modern and Modernist Authorship: Rebecca West in the 1920s and 1930s

Before refashioning herself as the writer “Rebecca West,” Cicely Fairfield (1892–1983) trained as an actress. She saw at firsthand the art of theatrical costuming—experience that served her well in her role as drama critic in the 1920s and also in her public self-presentation as a woman author. Her understanding of clothes proved even more important to her career as a writer of fiction. In novels such as The Return of the Soldier (1918), Harriet Hume (1929), The Thinking Reed (1936), and Sunflower (published posthumously), West used dress to mark class status, artistic taste, and sociopolitical attitudes, and to indicate inner states of being, as well as to express her own complex literary, aesthetic, and philosophical negotiations between the modernist present and the Victorian past.
4 – STOCHASTIC INTEGRAL EQUATIONS (d ≥ 2)

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Stochastic integral equations (d ≥ 2). The chapter discusses manifolds and elliptic operators. A d-dimensional manifold M is a path-wise connected Hausdorff space covered by a countable number of open patches U with patch maps j attached. The Weyl's lemma is proven. The diffusions on a manifold, and explosions and harmonic functions are discussed. The chapter discusses the Hasminskii's test for explosions, covering Brownian motions, and the Brownian motions on a Lie group. The Brownian motion of symmetric matrices, and the Brownian motion with oblique reflection are also discussed.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), the Border, and Public Health

In this chapter Dube considers the implications of the border on the control of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), particularly syphilis. He argues that the incidence of STDs increased under colonial rule. Dube shows how STD control efforts interfered with Shona ideas of privacy and masculinity.
Teachers' Experiences With LGBTQ+ Issues in Secondary Schools: A Mixed Methods Study

ObjectiveThis study investigated teachers’ experiences with LGBTQ+ instruction as well as other school environment changes related to LGBTQ+ issues. It looked at teachers’ attitudes towards LGBTQ+ ...
Papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst in a pediatric patient

Abstract This report details the presentation and management of a case of primary papillary thyroid carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst in a pediatric patient. This malignancy is rare, with fewer than 60 reported cases in pediatric patients. This patient was managed surgically with an extended Sistrunk procedure followed by total thyroidectomy and thyroxine suppression. Six months post-treatment, he has had no sign of recurrence or complication.
Use of Real-World Data and Pharmacometric Modeling in Support of Lacosamide Dosing in Pediatric Patients Under 4 Years of Age

The antiepileptic drug lacosamide (LCM) is approved in the United States and the European Union as monotherapy as well as adjunctive therapy for the treatment of focal seizures in children ≥4 years of age and adults. Using real-world therapeutic drug monitoring data, we performed a pharmacometric analysis for 315 pediatric patients (>1 month to <18 years of age) who received lacosamide as both monotherapy and adjunctive therapy. Population pharmacokinetic modeling was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling with a 1-compartment structural model with linear elimination, where clearance and volume of distribution were allometrically scaled for body weight, with no further need for age-associated maturation functions. A covariate analysis for age, sex, race, and coadministration of other antiepileptic drugs identified phenobarbital and felbamate to significantly increase lacosamide clearance (1.71- and 1.46-fold, respectively). Based on the developed population pharmacokinetic model, simulations were performed in virtual pediatric patients to explore age-associated dose requirements to match lacosamide exposure in patient groups of different age with the exposure achieved in children ≥4 year of age with the weight-based dosing recommendations provided by the US Food and Drug Administration. Based on this approach, our analysis suggested that children ≥3 years of age needed the same dose as recommended by the US Food and Drug Administration for children ≥4 years of age (12 mg/kg/d), while children 1 to 3 years of age may need 13 to 14 mg/kg/d and infants between 1 month and 1 year of age may need 15 to 18 mg/kg/d (based on their actual age) to match the exposure seen in children ≥4 years of age.
Differential effects of the novel neurosteroid hypnotic (3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile on electroencephalogram activity in male and female rats.

Abstract Background We recently showed that a neurosteroid analogue, (3β,5β,17β)-3-hydroxyandrostane-17-carbonitrile (3β-OH), induced hypnosis in rats. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hypnotic and anaesthetic potential of 3β-OH further using electroencephalography. Methods We used behavioural assessment and cortical electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power analysis to examine hypnotic and anaesthetic effects of 3β-OH (30 and 60 mg kg−1) administered intraperitoneally or intravenously to young adult male and female rats. Results We found dose-dependent sex differences in 3β-OH-induced hypnosis and EEG changes. Both male and female rats responded similarly to i.p. 3β-OH 30 mg kg−1. However, at the higher dose (60 mg kg−1, i.p.), female rats had two-fold longer duration of spontaneous immobility than male rats (203.4 [61.6] min vs 101.3 [32.1] min), and their EEG was suppressed in the low-frequency range (2–6 Hz), in contrast to male rats. Although a sex-dependent hypnotic effect was not confirmed after 30 mg kg−1 i.v., female rats appeared more sensitive to 3β-OH with relatively small changes within delta (1–4 Hz) and alpha (8–13 Hz) bands. Finally, 3β-OH had a rapid onset of action and potent hypnotic/anaesthetic effect after 60 mg kg−1 i.v. in rats of both sexes; however, all female rats and only half of the male rats reached burst suppression, an EEG pattern usually associated with profound inhibition of thalamocortical networks. Conclusions Based on its behavioural effects and EEG signature, 3β-OH is a potent hypnotic in rats, with female rats being more sensitive than male rats.
A left ventricular assist device interfering with leadless pacemaker implantation.

Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) produce electromagnetic interference (EMI) which can have implications when patients require cardiac implantable electronic devices. Leadless pacemakers have been successfully implanted in patients with Heartmate 2 and Heartmate 3 LVADs without evidence of EMI or device-to-device interaction. Here we report a case of a Heartmate 3 LVAD and Micra VR transcatheter pacing system interaction requiring device repositioning. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Prevalence of depression in women with low income living in developed countries

OBJECTIVE To conduct a systematic review of studies reporting prevalence rates of depression in women living in low-income circumstances in developed countries. METHODS The published and unpublished literature was searched for studies reporting prevalence of depression in women with low income in developed countries. Searches, data extraction, and methodological appraisal were conducted twice independently. To perform the analysis, the meta and metafor packages in R, a random effect model to account for both between and within studies' variances, and the restricted maximum likelihood method for estimation were used. RESULTS One-hundred sixty-four studies, involving 218,035 participants, were located through the search process. The point prevalence of depression among women in low-income circumstances using self-report instruments in 134 studies was 37.4% (95% CI, 34.0%-40.7%). Additionally, the point prevalence according to depression diagnosis in 25 studies was 22.9% (95% CI, 17.8%-28.5%). CONCLUSIONS The high rate of depression among women living in low-income circumstances is of serious public health concern. POLICY IMPLICATIONS Women living in low-income circumstances should receive screening and referral/treatment in not only medical service settings, but also in social service settings serving women receiving welfare benefits.
Elastic meta-analytic-predictive prior for dynamically borrowing information from historical data with application to biosimilar clinical trials.

Abstract A biosimilar is a biological product that is highly similar to and has no clinically meaningful differences from an approved reference product. Focusing on two-arm randomized clinical trials that aim to establish the equivalence between a test biosimilar product and the reference product, we propose the elastic meta-analytic-predictive (EMAP) prior method to leverage rich historical data available on the reference product to improve the power of the biosimilar trials. We first extract the prior information from multiple historical studies through meta-analysis, and then we discount the resulting meta-analytic-predictive (MAP) prior adaptively according to the congruence between the historical reference data and the trial reference arm data via an elastic function. The EMAP prior method is information-borrowing consistent in that asymptotically it achieves full information borrowing when trial reference arm data are congruent to historical reference data, and no information borrowing when trial reference arm data are not congruent to historical reference data. As a result, the method asymptotically controls the type I error rate at the nominal value. Extensive simulation studies show that the EMAP prior outperforms the robust MAP prior. The EMAP prior generates comparable or higher power and provides better-controlled type I errors. We illustrate the proposed methodology using two trial examples.
The New Formalism

The article treats the contemporary revival of formalism as a self-conscious movement in legal thought, telling a story to place it in historical context, and analyzing its main features for their point and coherence. The story traces the history of formalism from its high point in late 19th-century Langdellian and Lochner-style jurisprudence, to its fall into disfavor under attack from the functionalist jurisprudence dominant during the second half of the century. Its contemporary revival is portrayed partly as a conservative ideological response, but also partly as a reaction to the failure of functionalist jurisprudence to justify judicial independence as a central feature of the rule of law. The analysis portrays the new formalists (Justice Scalia is taken as representative) as characterized by their pursuit of four jurisprudential strands: objectivism, originalism, textualism, and conceptualism. These four strands are in tension with each other, but these tensions do not give rise to contradictions if they are treated as having merely guiding or presumptive force, united by a heightened attention to the values of the rule of law. But so construed, contemporary formalism is much less formal than the rhetoric of both its proponents and its critics suggest; it more resembles the pre-Realist pragmatic functionalism of Holmes, Pound, and Cardozo than it does classic 19th-century formalism.
An experimental study in bio-ballistics: Femoral fractures produced by projectiles

Abstract Very few quantitative data are available on the response of human bones to projectile impacts. Steel spheres of various diameters were projected at embalmed human femurs. Electronic monitoring and high-speed photography were used to determine the amount of energy lost by the projectiles in fracturing the femurs. The extent of damage produced by the projectiles was studied quantitatively, and the effects of projectiles of different diameters were determined.
Vapor Deposition of Fluoride Glasses

The state of the art of fluoride glasses for fabrication of infrared fiber optics is reviewed. Different approaches for making ultra-pure raw fluoride materials and direct fabrication of fluoride preforms by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) are discussed. The results of CVD of metal fluorides for fabrication of ultra-low-loss fiber optics are discussed and recent progress in deposition of fluoride glass is noted.
Evaluation Design for the Next Phase of the Assets for Independence Program: Final Literature Review

Based on our review and synthesis of the individual development account (IDA) literature, findings in this this report include that IDA accounts (in the short-term, five years after program entry) help low-income families become homeowners, start or expand a business, or pursue secondary education. Studies to date have found no relationship between IDA program participation and net worth. The report reviews empirical evidence on the effect of IDA program participation and project design features on outcomes and highlights remaining gaps in the literature.
Behavioral Modification of Response Characteristics of Cells in the Auditory System

Response characteristics of cells in the auditory cortex and along the auditory pathway are significantly different in monkeys performing a behavioral task than in nonperforming monkeys. The differences, which include probability of response, evoked discharge rate, response latency, and response pattern, may be due to a number of behavioral as well as physiological factors. While some of the modifications may be related to conditioning and learning, most are more simply explained in terms of generalized or specific “arousal” or “attention.” We will briefly review our work of the last ten years on questions related to response modification of cells of the auditory system with training and performance, and speculate on the possible mechanisms that underlie these changes.
Expandable Metallic Stents in Management of Large Vein Obstructions

References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4548 Further Reading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4548 Abstract The authors summarize their 26-year experience using expandable metallic stents for the management of large vein obstructions. After a short historic note and explanation of the etiologies of large vein obstructions, they describe various expandable stents and the results in using them for obstructions in large veins. For venous obstruction from malignant disease, stent placement was an excellent palliative treatment and provided relief in the majority of patients. In benign lesions, stent placement was a definitive long-term treatment for the patients’ congestive symptoms. In venous obstructions related to arteriovenous dialysis shunts, stent deployment prolonged the life of the shunt.
Host-etiological agent interactions in intranasally and intraperitoneally induced Cryptococcosis in mice.

Inbred CBA/J mice were used in developing a defined in vivo model for studying host-parasite relationships in cryptococcosis. Mice were infected either intranasally or intraperitoneally with 103 viable Cryptococcus neoformans cells. At weekly intervals over a 92-day period, C. neoformans growth profiles in the lungs, spleens, livers, and brains of the infected animals were determined. In addition, humoral and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and cryptococcal antigen levels were assayed in these mice. Intranasally infected mice developed strong delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in response to cryptococcal culture filtrate (CneF) antigen, and there was good correlation between acquisition of delayed-type hypersensitivity and the reduction of C. neoformans cell numbers in infected tissues. In contrast, intraperitoneally infected mice displayed greater numbers of C. neoformans cells in tissues and had somewhat suppressed delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to CneF antigen. Anticryptococcal antibodies were not detected in intranasally or intraperitoneally infected mice, but cryptococcal polysaccharide antigen titers were relatively high in both groups. The transfer of sensitized spleen cells from intranasally infected mice to syngeneic naive recipient mice resulted in the transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity responsiveness to cryptococcal antigen in the recipients. The intranasally induced infection in mice was similar to the naturally acquired infection in humans; therefore we are proposing that this murine-cryptococcosis model would be useful in gaining a greater understanding of host-etiological agent relationships in this disease.
Challenges in Learning Communication Skills in Chemical Engineering

Communication across the curriculum initiatives face multiple curricular and pedagogical challenges that are especially appropriate for investigation within a scholarship of teaching and learning framework. Using qualitative methodologies, this study examined technical classes that emphasize speaking and writing. Four learning issues emerged in student reflection logs: integrating multidisciplinary information, managing varied audiences and feedback, aligning content and communication tasks, and addressing interpersonal team issues. Data indicated that students were resistant toward the incursion of communication in their engineering classes. Through reflective practice, teachers and cross-curricular consultants came to understand and address that resistance.
THE ROLE OF THE PHOSPHATIDATE-INOSITIDE CYCLE IN THE ACTION OF STEROIDOGENIC AGENTS

Abstract Most steroidogenic agents have been found to provoke rapid changes in the metabolism of phospholipids in the phosphatidate-inositide cycle. These changes include: (a) de novo synthesis of phosphatidic acid and its derivatives, phosphatidylglycerol, mono- and polyphosphoinositides and diglyceride; and (b) phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and consequent generation of diglyceride and phosphatidic acid. The de novo phosphatidate synthesis effect occurs in the action of all tested steroidogenic agents (ACTH, LH. angiotensin, K + , serotonin) and may be induced by either of the “second messengers”, cAMP and Ca 2+ The phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis effect(s) occurs only in the action of steroidogenic agents that operate via Ca 2+ (angiotensin and K + ) and may be important in Ca 2+ mobilization. The de novo phospholipid effect correlates well with changes in steroidogenesis and, like the latter, requires Ca 2+ and protein synthesis; from these and other results, it seems likely that this phospholipid effect plays an important role in the stimulation of steroidogenesis.
Uniform authentication principals for multiprotocol NAS devices

NAS appliances are increasingly becoming more distributed in nature, leading to numerous geographical or operational domains segregating the available Enterprise data. In such an environment, there are cases of subdivision of an authentication domain into multiple domains, substitution or intermixing of authentication protocols based on geographical boundaries. Since the user principals used in authentication have different schematics for different protocols, having a uniform identifier is a challenging task. There is a need for a common representation for user identification from the NAS client perspective. This paper deals with developing a framework that enables usage of a persistent, fixed format user authentication principal in a heterogeneous NAS protocol environment. The framework aims at transparent resolution of the user principals without mandating any modifications in the existing access protocol daemons on the client or server side. In addition, the paper discusses a single sign on stage for a NAS environment for use with standard NAS protocols such as NFS, CIFS, HTTP and so on.
Applications of geohydrologic concepts in geology

Abstract Subsurface water, an active agent in many geologic proceses, must be considered in interpreting geologic phenomena. Principles of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of subsurface waters are well established and readily applicable. In many interpretations in geologic literature, geohydrologic principles have been employed realistically, but in many others these principles have been either ignored or violated. Explanations of genesis of underclays and associated deposits afford some examples wherein principles of movement and activity of vadose and ground water have been ignored and others in which they have been used advantageously. Postulates stating that waters percolate downward from swamp areas do not allow for the usual movement of subsurface water in such environments. The idea that sediments were leached by vadose water after uplift satisfies the geohydrologic requirements. Weathering and solution form porous and permeable zones subjacent to unconformities in dense rocks such as carbonates and granites; this illustrates the geohydrologic and economic significance of unconformities. Examples are Mohawkian carbonate aquifers of northern Illinois and oil-bearing limestones of Mississippian age of eastern Montana. The flushing effects of meteoric water and other hydrodynamic factors active during erosion periods are important elements in the genesis and concentration of brines. Explanation of the origin and occurrence of brines must include consideration of the geohydrologic environments throughout their geologic history.
Self-Reported Drug Use Data: What Do They Reveal?

The purpose of this study is to examine self-reported marijuana and cocaine use responses from two nationally representative surveys. We compared prevalence rates across birth cohorts for multiple ...
Cutaneous manifestation of carcinoma of urinary bladder: Carcinoma erysipelatodes

Cutaneous metastases from carcinoma of the urinary bladder is an uncommon finding. We present a patient with carcinoma of the bladder whose first manifestation of disseminated disease was a nodular erythematous skin rash diagnosed as carcinoma erysipelatodes. The presentation, diagnosis, and hospital course is given.
Adsorption Dynamics Of Imidazole And Imidazolium Ion On Copper And Silver Electrode Surfaces

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been used to study the adsorption behavior of imidazole and imidazolium ions on Cu and Ag electrode surfaces under different applied potentials, pH's and concentrations of the solutions. At neutral or basic pH's the unprotonated imidazole is the predominant species adsorbed on the electrode surfaces. On the other hand, the surface adsorbates are predominantly protonated ones (imidazolium ions) in acidic solutions. In slightly acidic solutions, both the protonated and unprotonated forms are observed on the electrode surfaces and they are interconvertible, depending on the applied electrode potentials. At neutral or basic pH's, two different molecular orientations are identified on two different metal surfaces in dilute solutions of imidazole. The imidazole molecule is bonded through its electron pair on the N atom to the Cu electrode surface whereas it is bonded through the π-system to the Ag electrode surface. The adsorbed imidazolium ions are bonded through the π-system of the imidazole ring to both Cu and Ag electrode surfaces.
Home Foreclosures and Neighborhood Crime Dynamics

We advance scholarship related to home foreclosures and neighborhood crime by employing Granger causality tests and multilevel growth modeling with annual data from Chicago neighborhoods over the period 1998–2009. We find that completed foreclosures temporally lead property crime and not vice versa. More completed foreclosures during a year both increase the level of property crime and slow its decline subsequently. This relationship is strongest in higher income, predominantly renter-occupied neighborhoods, contrary to the conventional wisdom. We did not find unambiguous, unidirectional causation in the case of violent crime and when filed foreclosures were analyzed.
Cell growth optimization in microcarrier culture

Three monkey kidney cell lines and primary chicken embryo cells were grown in microcarrier culture. The carrier support was DEAE-Sephandex gel beads at low anion exchange capacity prepared according to a protocol developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The growth rate of the cells and the final cell density in microcarrier culture was dependent on the concentration of the beads in culture and on the size of the initial cell inoculum. A bead concentration of 1.0 to 2.0 mg of beads/ml of tissue culture medium and a cell inoculum of 20,000 cells/cm2 of bead surface appeared to be optimal. The efficiency of the microcarrier culture system was compared to that of stationary and roller bottle cultures. Stationary flasks gave cell densities about twofold higher than maximal densities in roller bottles and about threefold and twofold higher than cell densities in microcarrier culture at a bead concentration of 2.5 and 1.0 mg/ml, respectively. In terms of cell yield per milliliter of tissue culture medium, the microcarrier culture was superior to roller bottle and stationary cultures. An advantage of the microcarrier culture system is its suitability for scale up into large volume production units.
Hydrogen Bonding of Bilirubins and Pyrromethenones in Solution

Analysis of bilirubin and pyrromethenone N—H 1H-NMR chemical shifts indicates that in CDCl3 solvent, where intermolecularly H-bonded dimers or intramolecularly H-bonded conformations are involved, the lactam N—H groups are more deshielded than the broader pyrrole N—H groups. In d6-DMSO, disaggregation and unfolding occurs with H-bonding to the solvent and the sharper lactam N—H resonances becoming more shielded than the pyrrole N—H signals.
Brønsted Base-Modulated Regioselectivity in the Aerobic Oxidative Amination of Styrene Catalyzed by Palladium

Palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amination of styrene with oxazolidinone proceeds with catalyst-controlled regioselectivity: (CH3CN)2PdCl2 (1) and (Et3N)2PdCl2 (2) catalyze formation of the anti-Markovnikov and Markovnikov enecarbamate products, 3 and 4, respectively. Kinetic studies and deuterium kinetic isotope effects demonstrate that these two reactions possess different rate-limiting steps, and the data indicate that the product regiochemistry arises from the presence or absence of an effective Bronsted base in the reaction. In the presence of a Bronsted base such as triethylamine or acetate, the kinetically preferred Markovnikov aminopalladation adduct of styrene is trapped via rapid deprotonation of a zwitterionic intermediate and leads to formation of 4. In the absence of an effective Bronsted base, however, slow deprotonation of this adduct enables aminopalladation to be reversible, and product formation proceeds through the thermodynamically preferred anti-Markovnikov aminopalladation ...
Improvement of photoluminescence mechanism of CTA-treated Si+-implanted SiO2 films by using RTA

Abstract In this paper, a shift in the photoluminescence (PL) peak from blue to near-infrared region was observed in the Si+-implanted 400-nm-thick SiO2 films with the rapid thermal annealing (RTA) method only. As the Si+-fluence was 1×1016 ions/cm2, a blue band was observed in the films after RTA at 1050 °C for 5 s in dry-N2 atmosphere; then, the band shifted from blue to orange upon increasing the holding temperature of RTA to 1250 °C in the films after the isochronal RTA in dry N2. Furthermore, while the fluence was increased to 3×11016 ions/cm2 and the holding temperature was at the same range between 1050 and 1250 °C, the PL peak occurred between red and near-infrared regions. Although the RTA and conventional thermal annealing (CTA) methods produce a similar mechanism, the CTA method needs a much longer annealing-time and a higher Si+-implanted dose than the RTA method for producing the same shift and intensity of PL peak from the as-implanted sample. Therefore, the RTA method can produce the mechanism in the Si+-implanted sample with the PL energy between blue and near-infrared band in place of the CTA method.
Effects of Breed, Pregnancy, and Lactation on Weight of Organs and Tissues in Dairy Cattle

Abstract Twenty-five Holsteins (15 lactating, and 10 nonpregnant nonlactating) and 23 Jerseys (7 lactating, 9 nonpregnant nonlactating, and 7 pregnant nonlactating) were slaughtered; carcass, liver, heart, kidneys, mammary gland, skin, lungs, spleen, adrenals, rumen, omasum, abomasum, small and large intestines, and visceral fat were weighed. Log-log regression analysis was used to compare tissue weights for common body weight and to develop equations for predicting tissue weights from body weights. Expressed on common weight: (1) skin (hide) and lungs were 27 and 21% larger for Holstein than Jerseys; (2) heart and mammary gland were 12 and 34% larger in pregnant Jerseys than in nonpregnant Jerseys; and (3) liver, heart, mammary gland, lungs, rumen, abomasum, intestines, spleen, and adrenals were 25, 22, 73, 22, 20, 35, 31, 20, and 19% larger, and carcass and skin were 8 and 5% smaller in Iactating compared to nonlactating cows. Changes in tissue weights may be related to differences in maintenance energy expenditures for lactating versus nonlactating cows.
Astigmatism in infants

Compared with children of school age, infants show ten times the incidence and considerably greater amounts of clinically significant astigmatism. The amount begins to decrease in the second semester of life, and the incidence declines during the third year. The unanticipated results bear on both the etiology and the neural sequelae of astigmatism.
Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy of a Hot Piasma

A single crystal x-ray spectrometer was constructed and applied to the study of the x-ray spectrum. The initial measurements of the soft x-ray continuumo were made by studying the relative attenuation of several different types and thicknesses of absorber foils. The diffracting element is a beryl crystal of lattice spacing 7.97 A, permitting measurements of the emission spectrum between 5 and 15 A. The energy resolution of the spectrometer over most of its range is determined by the diffraction pattern of the crystal and is 1000 at 10 A. The plastic sciotillator photomultiplier detector gives a time resolved record of the emission intensity during the 0.8 sec emission interval. The one electron hydrogen-like spectrum of seven times ionized oxygen (O VIII) and the two electron helium-like spectra of Na X, Mg Xl, and Al XH are well developed and easily resolved. (P.C.H.)
Adolescent atomoxetine treatment in a rodent model of ADHD: effects on cocaine self-administration and dopamine transporters in frontostriatal regions.

Cocaine abuse and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are often comorbid. Preclinical research indicates that medial prefrontal (mPFC) and orbitofrontal (OFC) cortices are important neural substrates for both disorders. Using the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of ADHD, we reported that adolescent treatment with the stimulant methylphenidate, a dopamine (DAT) and norepinephrine (NET) transporter inhibitor, enhanced cocaine self-administration during adulthood, and was associated with increased DAT function in mPFC. This study investigates the effects of atomoxetine ((R)-N-methyl-γ-(2-methylphenoxy)-benzenepropanamine hydrochloride) treatment, a selective NET inhibitor, during adolescence on cocaine self-administration and on DAT function and cell-surface expression in mPFC and OFC during adulthood. SHR acquired cocaine self-administration faster than Wistar–Kyoto and Wistar. Across cocaine doses, SHR earned more cocaine infusions and had higher progressive-ratio breakpoints than Wistar–Kyoto and Wistar, demonstrating that the SHR phenotype models comorbid ADHD and cocaine abuse. Prior atomoxetine treatment did not augment cocaine self-administration in SHR, but acquisition was enhanced in Wistar–Kyoto. No strain differences were found for DAT kinetic parameters or cellular localization in the vehicle controls. Atomoxetine did not alter DAT kinetic parameters or localization in SHR mPFC. Rather, atomoxetine decreased Vmax and DAT cell surface expression in SHR OFC, indicating that inhibition of NET by atomoxetine treatment during adolescence indirectly reduced DAT function and trafficking to the cell surface in OFC, specifically in the ADHD model. Thus, atomoxetine, unlike methylphenidate, does not enhance vulnerability to cocaine abuse in SHR and may represent an important alternative for teens with ADHD when drug addiction is a concern.
Surgical intervention for the severely obese.

Severe obesity is a grave disease in the U.S. as well as other industrialized nations. This disease has many ramifications on both an individual and social levels. It affects 12.5 million people in the U.S., according to national survey data. The health risks of severe obesity include hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, hypoventilation disorders, increased risk of malignancy, cholelithiasis, degenerative arthritis, infertility, and psychosocial impairments. Medical weight reduction programmes have rarely achieved long-term success. Most authorities now agree that bariatric surgery is the treatment of choice for well-informed and motivated obese patients with acceptable operative risks, who strongly desire substantial weight loss or who have severe impairments because of their weight. Surgery is indicated for patients with a BMI greater than 40 kg/m2, or for those with serious medical co-morbidities and a BMI greater than 35 kg/m2. Three procedures, the adjustable silicone gastric banding (ASGB), vertical gastric banding (VBG), and gastric bypass (GB), have produced the best results to date. Each of these procedures is much more effective than dietary therapies. Each has advantages and disadvantages, with GB producing greater sustained weight loss in the long-term, with a slightly higher risk of metabolic complications. All can be done with surprisingly low operative mortality. The pronounced weight loss induced with these operations can relieve and bring co-morbid diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension, once thought to be only barely controllable, into full long-term remission.
Complex soft tissue reconstruction after facial trauma with microvascular free-tissue transfer

Complex soft-tissue reconstruction after facial trauma presents a difficult challenge. Microvascular free-tissue transfer with customized circumflex scapular fasciocutaneous flaps offers a reliable and stable long-term correction of facial contour asymmetry attributable to facial trauma. Principles of skeletal reconstruction preceding soft-tissue surgery should be adhered to. By using the approach outlined in this article, soft-tissue camouflage can maximize the aesthetic outocme of reconstruction with microsurgical free-tissue transfer.
Necessary and Sufficient Conditions for Non-preemptive Robustness

A real-time scheduler is robust (sustainable) for a certain task set if its schedulability is preserved under lighter system load by the scheduler. The first part of this paper shows that NPr (non-preemptive) robustness of a zero-concrete periodic task set against increase in period is sufficient to guarantee NPr robustness for all variants of the task set. This proof includes the corresponding concrete or non-concrete periodic and sporadic task sets against any kind of reduction in system load. Based on this result, the second part of this paper gives the necessary and sufficient conditions for robustness for both NPr fixed-priority (NPFP) and NPr earliest-deadline first (NPEDF) schedulers under both discrete time and dense time assumption separately.
Interconnect transient simulation in the presence of layout and routing uncertainty

A methodology is presented for the calculation of the transient transmission-line response of package-level or board-level interconnects in the presence of layout and routing uncertainty. The proposed methodology makes use of the generalized polynomial chaos framework and advances in sparse stochastic collocation for interpolation and sampling in the probability space defined by the random variables that describe routing uncertainty. In this manner, a modeling framework is established that facilitates the computation of the statistics of the transient response and its post-processing for the purpose of assessing the impact of interconnect layout and routing uncertainty on signal distortion and crosstalk.