cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Illness and Anxiety in Children

Children with chronic illnesses may experience internalizing problems, such as anxiety. Distraction (through imagery and play) and relaxation may be powerful strategies for children facing medical procedures. Parents can be coaches for their child, teaching anxiety management strategies. This can provide parents with a role in the child’s positive functioning so that they feel they are helping their children. Having a role can reduce parent anxiety and increase their support of the child, and both of these actions can reduce child anxiety. Moreover, parents who have a role can teach the child to cope, and reduce chances of unexpectedly reinforcing or accommodating a child’s anxiety responses. Research in the field supports the use of cognitive-behavioral strategies to reduce anxiety for children who have different types of illnesses. Strategies include distraction (games, toys, music), relaxation, social support, and imagery.
Identity Regularization and Passport Outsourcing: Turning Minorities into Foreigners

This chapter explains how migration and security come to be interlinked in the UAE, illustrating why it becomes increasingly difficult to inhabit an ambiguous legal status over time. While the precise contours of the citizenry were left unresolved as the UAE became an independent state in 1971, the federal authority’s prerogatives quickly shifted after national independence to focus on newer flows of noncitizens – “guest workers.” From early on in the UAE’s history as an independent state, massive influxes of migrant workers led ruling elites to allocate significant resources toward securitizing national boundaries at the territorial borders and inside the state. It may have been the national dilemma (contestations over who is a citizen) that led to the creation of a gray zone of people, but it is the security dilemma (the mobilization of resources toward documenting the entire population and checking legal statuses at all times) that makes precarious citizenship real. As a vast network of private and public institutions that check identity documents in the UAE was built over time, it has become increasingly difficult for anyone with an ambiguous citizenship status to continue living and working in the state.
Mount Wutai: Visions of a Sacred Buddhist Mountain

Wen-shing Chou's first book, Mount Wutai: Visions of a Sacred Buddhist Mountain, provides a stimulating account of the cultural, religious, and political engagements of Inner Asian Buddhists with M...
Supratentorial intraventricular rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors - Case report and review of treatment paradigms.

Background Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumors (RGNT) are slow-growing WHO Grade I tumors that are characterized by mixed histology and rosette formation. Although typically located in the posterior fossa, these tumors can rarely originate elsewhere. Here, we describe the fourth case in literature where an RGNT was localized to the lateral ventricles and detail the treatment approach. Case description A 41-year-old male presented with a 10 day history of gradually worsening headaches and mild gait difficulty. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) identified a heterogeneously enhancing 6.0 cm left lateral ventricular cystic mass with hydrocephalus. An interhemispheric transcallosal approach was performed for tumor debulking. The mass was emanating from the roof of the left lateral ventricle. Sub-total resection (STR) was achieved. Pathology showed a glioneuronal neoplasm with vague neurocytic rosettes and loose perivascular pseudorosettes. Tumor vessels were thickly hyalinized and contained eosinophilic granular bodies and Rosenthal fibers. Tumor stained positive for GFAP, S-100, OLIG2, and SOX10, and patchy positive for epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), D2-40, CD99, and p16. Neurocytic rosettes and perivascular structures stained positive for synaptophysin. The patient was discharged home uneventfully and remained intact at his 6-month follow-up visit. Long-term care included MRI surveillance with repeat surgery being considered in case of progression. Conclusion In this report, we describe the fourth case of an RGNT being isolated to the lateral ventricles and the first where it stained positive for EMA and D2-40. Our patient's uneventful recovery after STR indicates that surgery alone continues to be a viable initial treatment option.
Representing the Species: Moravia in Parliament

Focusing on Alberto Moravia and, in particular, his ‘conversion to politics’, this article explores how Italian intellectuals dealt with the post-war nuclear threat. The ‘conversion’ was provoked b...
Synthetic Reinforcement of Diaphragm Closure for Large Hiatal Hernia Repair

Successful repair of large hiatal hernia is often based on objective recurrence rates and, as a result of several studies suggesting benefit, mesh cruroplasty is now widely used. From the patient’s perspective, however, the critical outcomes are symptom relief and restoration of quality of life as well as postoperative medication use, endoscopic intervention and reoperation for recurrent symptoms and/or symptomatic hernia. Evidence supporting mesh for these outcomes and objective recurrence is low quality, recommendations for routine use of mesh for synthetic reinforcement are weak and use of mesh should remain at the surgeon’s discretion until higher quality data are available.
Can Children Emulate a Robotic Non-Player Character's Figural Creativity?

Can intelligent non-player game characters (NPCs) increase children's creativity during collaborative gameplay? Children's creativity is influenced by collaborative play with creative peers through social emulation. In this paper, we study children's emulation of an AI-enabled social Non-Player Character (NPC) as a new type of game mechanism to elicit creative expression. We developed Magic Draw, a collaborative drawing game designed to foster children's figural creativity that allows us to investigate the efficacy of an NPC's creativity demonstration in enhancing children's creativity in the resulting drawings. The NPC is an emotively expressive social robot that plays Magic Draw with a child as a peer-like playmate. We present the results of a study in which participants co-draw figures with a social robot that demonstrates different levels of figural creativity, to understand whether an NPC's creativity in its own contributions stimulates figural creativity in children. 78 participants (ages 5--10) were randomly assigned to a non-creative robot control condition (C-) and a creative robot condition (C+). Participants who interacted with the creative robot generated significantly more creative drawings, and hence exhibited higher levels of figural creativity. We infer that the social robotic peers' demonstration of figural creativity in a collaborative drawing game is emulated by young children. We discuss a new game design principle grounded in the social learning mechanism of emulation, specifically, that social and intelligent NPCs in games should demonstrate creative behavior to foster the same in human players.
Choosing the Optimal Contraceptive Method in Women With Medical Disease

The risk of pregnancy in many women with a chronic medical disease generally far exceeds the risks associated with use of an appropriately selected contraceptive method. The primary goal of prescribing a contraceptive method in women with medical conditions is to select the method with the least risk relating to her specific disease process, the one with the greatest efficacy, and the one that is tailored to her lifestyle and reproductive history. Although the selected method may not be risk-free, individualized counseling, lifestyle interventions, and adequate control of her disease process generally can minimize these risks to an acceptable level.
The struggle over black lives matter and all lives matter by amanda nell edgar nd andre E. Johnson, london, lexington books, 2018, pp. 137, $39.99 (paperback) ISBN: 978-1-4985-7207-1

Amanda Nell Edgar and Andre E. Johnson’s The Struggle Over Black Lives Matter and All Lives Matter makes an important contribution to scholarly discourse about the Movement for Black Lives. Edgar a...
Tuning the redox potential of tyrosine-histidine bioinspired assemblies

Photosynthesis powers our planet and is a source of inspiration for developing artificial constructs mimicking many aspects of the natural energy transducing process. In the complex machinery of photosystem II (PSII), the redox activity of the tyrosine Z (Tyrz) hydrogen-bonded to histidine 190 (His190) is essential for its functions. For example, the Tyrz–His190 pair provides a proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) pathway that effectively competes against the back-electron transfer reaction and tunes the redox potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple ensuring a high net quantum yield of photoinduced charge separation in PSII. Herein, artificial assemblies mimicking both the structural and redox properties of the Tyrz–His190 pair are described. The bioinspired constructs contain a phenol (Tyrz model) covalently linked to a benzimidazole (His190 model) featuring an intramolecular hydrogen bond which closely emulates the one observed in the natural counterpart. Incorporation of electron-withdrawing groups in the benzimidazole moiety systematically changes the intramolecular hydrogen bond strength and modifies the potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple over a range of ~ 250 mV. Infrared spectroelectrochemistry (IRSEC) demonstrates the associated one-electron, one-proton transfer (E1PT) process upon electrochemical oxidation of the phenol. The present contribution provides insight regarding the factors controlling the redox potential of the phenol and highlights strategies for the design of futures constructs capable of transporting protons across longer distances while maintaining a high potential of the phenoxyl radical/phenol redox couple.
Rethinking 'Political' Considerations in Investment

This is a transcript of my remarks as 2016 Visiting Scholar in Corporate and Business Law at Delaware Law Widener University, delivered to the members of the Delaware Judiciary and Bar at the Wilmington Club on September 12, 2016. I introduce the idea of multipreference shareholders whose interests may at times depart from maximizing returns, and I address the question more generally on taking so-called "political" considerations into account when making investment decisions. I argue that political pressures are increasing in the investment world "everywhere at the same time."
Improving Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination at an Academic Center through Provider Education and Utilization of Electronic Health Record Tools

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Completion of the HPV vaccine series is important in the primary prevention of cervical cancer. HPV vaccination rates remain significantly lower than those for other vaccines recommended for children ages 11–12 years. In 2016, only 43.4% of adolescents in the United States were up to date with the HPV vaccination series, whereas the rates for the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) and the meningococcal conjugate vaccine were in the 80-90% range.1 Our study aims to evaluate multi-component interventions focusing on provider and …
Gonorrhea update

This article provides a brief summary of recent US epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Selected research regarding infections caused by N. gonorrhoeae is described, with particular emphasis on the advances made by new molecular methods.
“Christ Jesus Came Into the World to Save Sinners”: Soteriology in the Pastoral Epistles

This chapter outlines soteriology of the Pastoral Epistles (PE). The theology of the PE is fundamentally theocentric. God is concerned with the salvation of all people, and he allowed his saving grace to appear in Christ. Paul and the church also have a role to play in the plan of God the Saviour. Leander Keck describes Christology as "the discourse by means of which Christians account for what they believe they have experienced, and will experience through Jesus Christ customarily understood as 'salvation'". The way the soteriology of the PE fulfils the requirements stated by Keck can be discerned through close examination of major Christological passages in the letters. Two passages, Titus 2:11-14 and 3:3-7, are of major significance, augmented by a third, 2 Tim 1:9-11. The two passages in Titus serve as windows through which to view the soteriology of the letters.Keywords: Jesus Christ; Leander Keck; Pastoral Epistles (PE); salvation; soteriology; Titus 2:11-14
Introduction to Lower Extremity Arterial Occlusive Disease

Lower extremity arterial occlusive disease (LEAOD) most commonly represents one of the manifestations of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerotic disease can affect various segments of the arterial tree. The presence of LEAOD suggests the likelihood of atherosclerotic disease elsewhere in the arterial tree. In the United States, it is estimated that 8.5 million individuals over the age of 60 suffer from LEAOD. Approximately 50% of individuals with LEAOD are asymptomatic, and 40% suffer from various degrees of claudication. The remaining individuals have critical limb ischemia manifested by rest pain or tissue loss in the form of non-healing ulcers and or gangrene.
Test Application Schemes for Testing Delay Defects

Unlike stuck-at fault testing, delay testing is closely tied to the test application strategy. This means that before tests for delay faults are derived it is necessary to know how these tests will be applied to the circuit. The testing strategy depends on the type of the circuit (combinational, scan, non-scan or partial scan sequential) as well as on the speed of the testing equipment. Ordinarily, testing delay defects requires that the test vectors be applied to the circuit at its intended operating speed. However, since high speed testers require huge investments, testers currently used in test facilities could be slower than the new designs that need to be tested on them. Testing high speed designs on slower testers requires special test application and test generation strategies.
Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Conduit Artery and Microvascular Hemodynamics During Small Muscle Mass Handgrip Exercise

Beetroot juice (BR) supplementation has been shown to have positive ergogenic effects on blood flow (Q) as well as mitochondrial and muscle efficiency during large muscle mass aerobic exercise in a...
Atherosclerosis: The Path From Genomics to Therapeutics

Recent rapid advances in genomic tools and techniques hold great promise for transforming the practice of cardiovascular medicine. Resources including the Human Genome Project and the International HapMap project, major technological advances in high-throughput genotyping and methods of statistical analysis, and methods for high-throughput gene expression and small molecule profiling allow researchers to confront issues that will fundamentally change the practice of cardiovascular medicine during the 21st century. Genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic studies of complex cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis will bridge epidemiology and basic biology, and promise increased understanding of cardiovascular disease processes. Genetic approaches applied to atherosclerosis will continue to identify genes and pathways involved in the predisposition to and pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. Gene expression profiling refines our understanding of the dynamic nature of the atherosclerotic vascular wall and promises discovery and validation of targets for therapeutic intervention. Opportunities to translate genetic, genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic information into cardiovascular clinical practice have never been greater, but their fruition requires validation in large independent cohorts, achieved only through collaborative effort. Their continued success will depend on ongoing cooperation within the cardiovascular research community.
Placing 'REINS' on Regulations: Assessing the Proposed REINS Act

Over the past several decades, the scope, reach and cost of federal regulations have increased dramatically, prompting bipartisan calls for regulatory reform. One such proposed reform is the Regulations of the Executive in Need of Scrutiny Act (REINS Act). This proposal aims to restore political accountability to federal regulatory policy decisions by requiring both Houses of Congress to approve any proposed "major rule." In effect, the REINS Act would limit the delegation of regulatory authority to federal agencies, and restore legislative control and accountability to Congress. This article seeks to assess the REINS Act and its likely effects on regulatory policy. It explains why constitutional objections to the proposal are unfounded and many policy objections overstate the REINS Act’s likely impact on the growth of federal regulation. The REINS Act is not likely to be the deregulatory blunderbuss feared by its opponents and longed for by some of its proponents. The REINS Act should be seen more as a measure to enhance accountability than to combat regulatory activity.
Navigating the Anticommons for Pharmaceutical Patents: Steady the Course on Hatch-Waxman

Much recent work has trumpeted the so-called problem of the anticommons in the patent field, especially in connection with medical tools. That conclusion rests on a mistaken comparison of government bureaucrats who lack strong institutional incentives to issue needed permits, and does not carry over to entrepreneurs who only make money by making deals. The analysis also wrongfully assumes that additional patents create further problems, when in fact many patents help to open up alternative paths through the patent thicket. The elaborate compromises of Hatch-Waxman, which were intended to spur research by strengthening patent protection and then facilitating the turnover to the generic market at patent expiration, represent a sound compromise that should not be dissipated by legislative efforts to undercut the use or duration of existing research patents.
Object-oriented methodology to the development of embedded real-time systems

The growing complexity of today's embedded real-time systems demands new methods and tools to manage the problems of design, analysis, integration, and validation of complex systems. Focusing this issue, the present paper describes an object-oriented platform-based design process for real-time embedded systems. The proposed approach promotes a smooth transition from high-level RT-UML specification to the final embedded system, which is composed by hardware and software components. The transition from higher to lower abstraction levels is facilitated by the use of an OO real-time API, whose underlying facilities can be optimized according to the application needs and selected platform. An integrated toolset is used to support the intermediate steps of the design process. In order to illustrate the proposed approach and related toolset the design of an embedded real-time automation system for an "intelligent" wheelchair is presented. The paper also includes a performance evaluation of the implemented control and automation system for the wheelchair application, with focus on timing requirements.
The sympathogenic biochemical trigger mechanism of angina pectoris. Its therapeutic suppression and long-range prevention.

Abstract Abundant clinical and experimental data indicate that attacks of anginal pain result from the coincidence of two fundamental factors: (1) impaired coronary dilatability (sclerosis) as the static predisposing element, and (2) the temporary influx into the heart of adrenosympathogenic catecholamines as the acutely oxygen-wasting and biochemically-hypoxiating cardiotoxic trigger. Simultaneous increase of the mechanical work of the heart muscle in itself seems to be of minor importance and may be completely absent. Exaggerated adrenosympathetic neurosecretory overexcitability commonly aggravates the anginal syndrome. Cardiac sympathectomy and practically all nonsurgical therapeutic procedures act on the basis of their antiadrenergic properties, such as drug-induced cardiac catecholamine depletion, ganglionic blockade, thyrostatic catecholamine inactivation, roentgen ray reduction of adrenal medullary epinephrine discharges, suppression of sympathotropic hypothalamic stimuli and reflexes, provocation of antagonistic sympathoinhibitory and cholinergic mechanisms. The various “coronary dilators” fail to dilate sclerotic coronary vessels. They seem to exert their beneficial influence mainly by way of general hemodynamic and cardiometabolic effects which are still poorly understood. The plurifunctional “monoamine oxidase inhibitors” antagonize catecholamine activity by a still unexplained antiadrenergic mode of action. Chronic cardiac adrenergic overactivity results from civilization-induced emotional factors (absolute adrenergic preponderance) and from lack of habitual physical exercise (relative adrenergic preponderance due to deficiency of cholinergic and sympathoinhibitory mechanisms). Both factors appear to contribute jointly to an increased metabolic vulnerability of the heart muscle, possibly also to atherogenesis, thus establishing an ultimately fatal vicious circle. Physical and psychological neurovegetative mass reconditioning programs for early prevention (instead of late rehabilitation) of degenerative heart disease are being sponsored by governments and social security agencies abroad on a large scale in thousands of rural reconditioning centers. No such organized attempt at mass cardiac health preservation has yet been undertaken in the United States. The establishment of a first American pilot reconditioning center is being planned.
Film Review ETIENNE!: A Film about the Little Things in Life

I have to admit that I had no intention of reviewing this film for publication. My journey to the hostel on the beach in Sausalito was meant purely to be a fun night out at a special event with a colleague when she made the comment, “You’re reviewing this movie tonight, aren’t you?” The thought had never occurred to me. Why would a bona fide clinical ethicist want to review a movie about the end-of-life vacation of a hamster with terminal cancer? I mean really, I have to be serious about my work! Then the film started rolling ... Etienne, a dwarf hamster with a diagnosis of terminal cancer, isn’t the star of the film as I assumed; rather, Richard, loving owner, is the star. Richard’s goofiness and nerdy appearance is captivating. He takes you on his (mostly) bicycle journey from Laguna Beach in Southern California to Sausalito in Northern California, with a hand-crafted basket carrying Etienne hanging from the handlebars. In the days prior, Richard, who is taking a “sabbatical” from his mixed media art classes, has been informed that his best friend has terminal cancer. The veterinarian’s advice is euthanasia as soon as possible; however, the office receptionist suggests that Etienne “live life out loud” till its natural end. Richard opts for plan B and the adventure begins. Etienne’s “vacation” is Richard’s attempt to show the hamster how much he/she is loved and valued; it is also meant to be Etienne’s last hurrah. Up until now, Etienne’s life had been lived out in a series of hand-crafted domiciles, built by Richard with the best of design intent, but not always with structural integrity. Now, the hamster is running the beach and hiking the trails. In life and in death, Richard sets out to ensure that Etienne will shine. Convinced he cannot cure the disease, he aims to give total comfort and serenity during Etienne’s last days of life. Toward the end of the movie, somewhat awkwardly, a new character enters: Elodie. Her plight as a jilted college student who is also on “sabbatical” makes the two stories eventually collide. In some ways, Elodie can be a bit distracting, but she is a thread that pulls the movie together at its conclusion. The parallel to what is often seen when human patients are transitioned to comfort care is vivid. On the other hand, the caring images in the film between owner and animal also bring to mind the painfully difficult images encountered in hospitals when families refuse to transition their loved ones to comfort care and instead insist on their continued torture with needles, knives, and tubes of all sorts at the end of life. It seems that, sometimes, pets can get better endof-life care than genetic relations. This film affirms the importance of the “little things in life”, but what are these “little things” that the movie refers to? Rather than give up the plot, you will have to see the movie for yourself, as I suspect Bioethical Inquiry (2009) 6:513–514 DOI 10.1007/s11673-009-9189-7
Electrically doped WTe 2 tunnel transistors

In this work, the performance of an electrically doped monolayer WTe 2 tunnel field-effect (TFET) transistor is investigated by means of full band quantum transport simulations. The atomistic simulations predict an ON-current above 100 uA/um and a SS below 10 mV/dec for a channel length of 13nm and V DD of 0.5V. The impact of the design parameters such as oxide thickness and dielectric constant is discussed in detail.
Adult Attachment Style and Nonverbal Closeness in Dating Couples

This study examined the nonverbal correlates of attachment style during interaction with a dating partner. Sixty-one heterosexual couples completed a self-report measure of attachment style and then were videotaped while discussing positive aspects of their relationships. The partners' nonverbal behaviors were coded for specific nonverbal cues and qualities theoretically associated with attachment style. A more secure attachment style was generally associated with more nonverbal closeness and a more avoidant style was generally associated with less nonverbal closeness. Contrary to expectations, individuals with a more preoccupied style were not found to engage in more intimate or “clingy” behaviors. Results provide partial support for self-reported differences between secure and insecure individuals in their preference for, and comfort with, closeness. Implications for understanding the associations between attachment style and relationship outcomes are discussed.
The architecture and programming of the ISI Embeddable Variant Multicomputer

The ISI Embeddable Variant is a 16-node, physically-compact, modular multicomputer designed for applications in embedded computing where issues of size, weight, and power are of paramount importance. Through the use of aggressive packaging techniques and a node architecture that is tailored to the requirements of the packaging technology, EV demonstrates a very high compute density per unit volume while at the same time being a general-purpose multicomputer that is capable of running well-known operating systems. To maintain a high level of general programmability, EV is software compatible with the Intel Paragon. By configuring both machines with the same operating system and by adhering to a fully functional subset of the Paragon system calls, it is possible to develop application programs on the Paragon which will run on the EV module without need for modification. >
Rat histidine decarboxylase promoter is regulated by gastrin through a protein kinase C pathway

The enzyme L-histidine decarboxylase (HDC; EC 4.1.1.22), which converts L-histidine to histamine, plays a key role in the regulation of acid secretion. In the rat and human stomach, the peptide hor...
Determinants of Sexual Behavior in Middle and Old Age

: Data are presented regarding the determinants of sexual behavior in men and women aged 46 to 71 years. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were made, involving a variety of physical, psychologic and social measures as independent variables. The level of sexual functioning in younger years, the age and sex of the subject, as well as subjective and objective health ratings, each were found to make independent contributions to the total variance in sexual behavior. A much larger number of variables influenced sexual behavior in men than in women. In women relatively fewer variables — past sexual enjoyment, marital status, and age — were the most significant determinants. These data confirm previous observations that for women the presence of a sexually capable, socially sanctioned partner is a crucial determining influence. Some of the implications of these findings are discussed.
The premenstrual syndrome: Psychophysiologic concomitants of perceived stress and low back pain

Abstract The effects of experimentally induced and personally relevant stressors on low back EMG activity during 3 phases of the menstrual cycle in women with the premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual low back pain were examined. Thirty-nine women reporting either PMS and premenstrual severe low back pain (group 1), PMS with premenstrual moderate low back pain (group 2), or those reporting neither condition (group 3) participated. During each of 3 menstrual phase-specific assessment sessions, participants were exposed to a neutral stimulus, an experimentally induced stressor, and 2 personally relevant Stressors in a randomized order. Concomitant monitoring of low back EMG activity and heart interbeat interval was undertaken. Results indicated that participants in group 1 evidenced greater EMG changes in response to personal stressors compared to the neutral stimulus and experimentally induced stress during the premenstrual phase. EMG activity in response to personal stress was also significantly higher during the premenstrual phase than during the menstrual and intermenstrual phases for group 1, and higher than EMG changes evidenced by groups 2 and 3 during the same phase. Group 2, while not reporting as severe premenstrual back pain as did group 1, reported moderate levels of back pain and evidenced greater physiological reactivity to a personal stressor than did group 3. The findings highlight the link between personally relevant stressors and concomitant physiologic responsivity and the role that this arousal may play in the maintenance and exacerbation of premenstrual low back pain.
Effects of Controlled Modulation on Interface Tribology and Deformation in Machining

The effects of superimposed, low-frequency modulation on contact conditions at the tool–chip interface and mechanics of machining are analyzed. It is shown that modulation can disrupt the severity of the tool–chip contact, enabling enhanced lubrication of this contact; and discretize chip formation to small dimensions with controlled size and shape. The deformation strain in the chip is also reduced, suggesting a 40% reduction in energy of machining due to the modulation. Conditions of frequency and amplitude for achieving these effects are presented and confirmed using a compact modulation device that can be retro-fitted onto conventional machine platforms. Implications for enhancing efficiency of industrial machining processes are briefly discussed.
Integrating Comprehension Strategies into Social Studies Instruction.

The number of middle school students with learning disabilities (LD) taught social studies in general education classes continues to rise. Providing general education teachers with additional ways to support students with LD as they navigate social studies reading materials could help planning and teaching for all students. In middle school, when reading challenges become increasingly complex and focused on expository text, an understanding of how to select and integrate comprehension strategies into instruction could enable teachers to assist students’ access to curriculum and overall success in learning major concepts. Drawing on highly effective evidence-based strategies, this article presents scenarios and research-based resources to help middle school teachers integrate comprehension strategy instruction into teaching social studies. When teachers incorporate strategy instruction into their lessons, students with LD are provided with support to access text even when the special education teacher is n...
Stereoselection at the Steady State by Stereoconvergent Reaction Topography

A novel strategy for achieving stereoselection by engineering reactions to occur through a unique kinetic scheme is introduced. The strategy, named “complex stereoselection”, effects stereoselection as a result of intermediates at the steady state partitioning successively between competing chemical transformations. A mathematical description of the ratio of products produced in the kinetic strategy is derived, and computer simulation of that model demonstrates two principal advantages of this method: higher selectivity and more efficient conversion of substrates. These computer simulations were subsequently used to determine conditions for maximum stereoselection in these reactions via the framework of a series of hypothetical scenarios in six different incarnations of complex stereoselection. The resulting predictions present challenges to the field of experimental stereochemistry.
Modification of the Classroom Behavior of a Disadvantaged Kindergarten Boy by Social Reinforcement and Isolation.

Abstract Reinforcement techniques were employed to decrease the disruptive, resistant, and assaultive behaviors and to increase the appropriate social interaction of a while, economically disadvantaged, kindergarten boy. The treatment program involved presentation of teacher attention contingent upon “desirable” classroom behavior, withholding of attention contingent upon “inappropriate” behavior, and social isolation contingent upon “unacceptable” behavior. The subject's behavior was classified according to the Coping Analysis Schedule for Educational Settings (CASES) (Spaulding, 1967), and the teacher's interactions with the subject were categorized according to their content. The subject's behavior and the teacher's interactions with him were recorded simultaneously on a event recorder by an observer who had attained high reliability. The baseline data supported the teacher's contention that the subject was a behavioral problem, particularly in a strictly structured situation. The program was carried out daily in the activities of free-play, discussion, and rest. Some progress was made under the original program, but the subject's inappropriate behaviors were further decreased when they were punished (with isolation) rather than ignored. Extinction of the treatment program (i.e., decreased positive and neutral interactions contingent upon desirable behavior and withdrawal of isolation as an ultimate contingency) was introduced to demonstrate that the teacher's interaction was indeed a major controlling variable. After the successful extinction, the treatment was reinstated with favorable results. Although this description is accurate of the over-all treatment and its effects in general, there were differences in the program and in its effects in the various activities. Time checks were made several weeks after the termination of the official study that indicated that the teacher was maintaining the treatment as an integral part of the child's environment and that he was still responding favorably.
Diverse ligand substitution behavior in the reaction of H4Os4(CO)12 with 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) and Me3NO: Spectroscopic characterization of the diphosphine chelating and bridging isomers H4Os4(CO)10(bpcd) and the X-ray diffraction structures of the tetraosmium clusters H4Os4(CO)11(NMe3) and 1,2-H4Os4(CO)10(NMe3)(\eta^{1}-bpcd)

The reaction between the tetraosmium cluster H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{12}\) and the unsaturated diphosphine ligand 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-4-cyclopenten-1,3-dione (bpcd) has been examined in CH\(_{2}\hbox{Cl}_{2}\) solvent and in the presence of the oxidative-decarbonylation reagent Me\(_{3}\)NO. Rapid ligand substitution is observed and the four products H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{11}\)(NMe\(_{3}\)), 1,1-H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{10}\)(bpcd), 1,2-H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{10}\)(bpcd), and 1,2-H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{10}\)(NMe\(_{3}\)) (\(\eta^{1}\)-bpcd) have been isolated and characterized in solution by IR and NMR spectroscopies. The molecular structures of H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{11}\)(NMe\(_{3}\)) and 1,2-H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{10}\)(NMe\(_{3}\))(\(\eta^{1}\)-bpcd) have been crystallographically determined. H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{11}\)(NMe\(_{3}\)) crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group \(\hbox{\it Pca}2_{1}, a=19.907(3)\) A, \(b = 8.137(1)\) A, \(c = 13.796(2)\) A, \(V=2234.6(6)\) A3, Z=4, and \(d_{\rm calc} = 3.353\) mg/m3; \(R=0.0418, R_{\rm w} = 0.1071\) for 4997 reflections with \(I>2 \sigma(I)\). 1,2-H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{10}\)(NMe\(_{3}\))(\(\eta^{1}\)-bpcd) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group \(P2_{1}/c, a = 21.0173(3)\) A, \(b = 10.755(2)\) A, \(c = 23.135(4)\) A, \(V = 4950.5(1)\) A3, Z=4, and \(d_{\rm calc} = 2.099\) mg/m3; \(R = 0.0591, R_{\rm w} = 0.1046\) for 10,766 reflections with \(I>2\sigma(I)\). The monodentate coordination of the bpcd ligand in 1,2-H\(_{4}\hbox{Os}_{4}\)(CO)\(_{10}\)(NMe\(_{3}\))(\(\eta^{1}\)-bpcd) and the disposition of the NMe\(_{3}\) and bpcd ligands across one of the Os–Os bonds are crystallographically verified.
No trial evidence for restorative interventions in children and adolescents with amelogenesis imperfecta

No trial evidence for restorative interventions in children and adolescents with amelogenesis imperfecta
Resonance of a liquid-liquid interface

We have observed of the resonance of a water/decane interface in a pipe. The measured frequency response can be understood with a simple harmonic theory when the contact line is stationary Etude experimentale de la resonance d'une interface eau/decane dans un tuyau
Influence of membrane support layer hydrophobicity on water flux in osmotically driven membrane processes

Osmotically driven membrane processes, such as forward osmosis (FO) and pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), rely on the utilization of large osmotic pressure differentials across semi-permeable membranes to generate water flux. Previous investigations on these two processes have demonstrated how asymmetric membrane structural characteristics, primarily of the support layers, impact water flux performance. In this investigation we demonstrate that support layer hydrophilicity or wetting plays a crucial role in water flux across asymmetric semi-permeable membranes. The results show that the polyester (PET) non-woven and polysulfone supports typically present in thin-film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes do not wet fully when exposed to water, thereby resulting in a marked decrease in water flux. A cellulosic RO membrane exhibited modestly higher water fluxes due to its more hydrophilic support layer. Removal of the PET layers from the cellulosic and TFC RO membranes resulted in an increased water flux for the cellulosic membrane and very little change in flux for the TFC membrane. Pretreatment with hydraulic pressure (RO mode), feed solution degassing, and use of surfactants were used to further elucidate the wetting mechanisms of the different support layers within each membrane. The importance of considering membrane support layer chemistry in further development of membranes tailored specifically for osmotically driven membrane processes is discussed.
Asynchronous circuit placement by lagrangian relaxation

Recent asynchronous VLSI circuit placement approach tries to leverage synchronous placement tools as much as possible by manual loop-breaking and creation of virtual clocks. However, this approach produces an exponential number of explicit timing constraints which is beyond the ability of synchronous placement tools to handle. Thus, synchronous placer can only produce suboptimal results. Also, it can be very costly in terms of runtime. This paper proposed a new placement approach for asynchronous VLSI circuits. We formulated the asynchronous timing-driven placement problem and transform this problem into a weighted wirelength minimization problem based on a Lagrangian relaxation framework. The problem can then be efficiently solved using any standard wirelength-driven placement engine that can handle net weights. We demonstrate our approach on QDI PCHB asynchronous circuit with a state-of-art quadratic placer. The experimental results show that our algorithm can effectively improve the asynchronous circuits performance at placement stage. In addition, the runtime of our algorithm is shown to be more scalable to large-scale circuits compared with the loop-breaking approach.
Cost Estimates and Economic Implications of Expanded RAS Testing in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

BACKGROUND In colorectal cancer (CRC), evidence shows that expanding RAS testing to analyze more mutations may better predict benefit from anti-EGFR therapy. The economic implications of expanding RAS testing for metastatic CRC were analyzed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Estimates of standard KRAS exon 2 testing were based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2014 Diagnostic Laboratory Fee Schedule, and expanded RAS testing was estimated using a sensitivity analysis done with various potential cost scenarios (1, 2, 10, and 30 times the cost of the standard KRAS test). The cost estimates for cetuximab and panitumumab were based on the CMS payment allowance limits for Medicare Part B. RESULTS A total of 28,692 patients with metastatic CRC were estimated to be eligible annually for RAS testing. For cetuximab, the societal cost of standard KRAS testing plus the drug versus expanded testing plus the drug would be $1.16 billion versus $816 million if the cost of the tests were the same. If the cost of the expanded RAS test were 30 times the cost of the standard test, then the societal cost of standard KRAS testing plus the drug versus expanded testing plus the drug would be $1.16 billion versus $980 million, a continued savings of more than $184 million annually. Similar savings were seen with panitumumab. CONCLUSION The increased societal cost of expanded RAS testing versus standard approved KRAS exon 2 testing was inconsequential when compared with the amount of money saved by not treating the additional 18% of patients who harbor additional RAS mutations (beyond exon 2) with anti-EGFR therapy.
Characterization and Multilineage Potential of Cells Derived from Isolated Microvascular Fragments

Abstract Background A number of therapies are being developed that use microvessels isolated from adipose tissue (microvascular fragments [MVFs]) to improve tissue perfusion and implant survival. Because it has been demonstrated that stem cells are associated with microvessels, the purpose of these studies was to gain further insight into the stem cells associated with MVFs to better understand their therapeutic potential. Materials and methods Cells derived from MVF explants were compared with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) based on the expression of cell surface proteins for mesenchymal stem cells and their capacity for angiogenic, neurogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic differentiation. Results The expression of cell surface proteins for mesenchymal stem cell markers was similar between MVF-derived cells and ASCs; however, the increase in markers consistent with endothelial cells and pericytes was accompanied by an improved ability to form capillary-like networks when cultured on matrigel. MVF-derived cells had increased neuregulin, leptin, and osteopontin expression compared with ASCs when exposed to neurogenic, adipogenic, and osteogenic induction media, respectively. Conclusions The stem cell functionality of cells derived from MVFs is retained after their isolation. This helps to explain the ability of MVFs to improve tissue perfusion and has implications for the use of MVFs as a means to deliver stem cells within their niche.
Clinician Assessment of Psychiatric Comorbidity and Alcoholism Severity in Adult Alcoholic Inpatients

Although psychiatric comorbidity and alcoholism severity are risk factors for poor outcomes in treating alcoholism, little is known about whether clinicians assess these conditions accurately. In this study we evaluated four clinicians' assessments of two indicators of alcoholism severity and three psychiatric co-morbidities in 78 inpatients in their third to seventh day of hospitalization in alcohol treatment programs. Clinicians overestimated the number of days drinking in 28% of subjects, and the number of drinks per drinking day in 37% of subjects. Clinicians underestimated alcohol consumption for patients with higher incomes. Clinicians correctly diagnosed 67% of 18 subjects with antisocial personality disorder, 65% of 26 with major depression, and 89% of 28 with drug abuse. These preliminary results need to be replicated in larger samples of clinicians to determine whether interventions are needed to improve the recognition of important prognostic factors in the treatment of alcoholic patients.
Assessment of the potential for release of conductive fibers from advanced composites by means of thermogravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy

Recently, there has been concern over the effects of accidentally released conductive carbon and graphite fibers on unprotected electrical circuits. Because of their thermal stability, such fibers could be released by the involvement of a resin matrix composite in a fire. A simple method based on thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been developed which permits the assessment of release potential from such composites. Dynamic TGA is used to determine temperatures at which significant events such as onset of resin matrix decomposition occur. Isothermal TGA permits a determination of the time required to produce releasable fibers at a given temperature. SEM examination of residues from TGA experiments serves to characterize their physical state which, in turn, permits a more precise assessment of release potential. This method has been used to examine a large number of materials composed of several different fibers in a variety of thermoset and thermoplastic matrices. It is concluded that release potential varies inversely with resin thermal-oxidative stability and directly with fiber stability. The matching of matrix resin char and fiber stabilities is especially effective in suppressing fiber release.
An implicit numerical scheme for the simulation of internal viscous flow on unstructured grids

Abstract The development of a cell-centered unstructured grid solution for the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations is described. A finite-volume approach is used to discretize the conservation law form of the compressible flow equations written in terms of primitive variables. Temporal preconditioning is employed so that low Mach number flows can be solved economically. The equations are marched in time using either an implicit Gauss-Seidel iterative procedure or a solver based on a conjugate gradient-like method. A four color scheme is employed to vectorize the block Gauss-Seidel relaxation procedure. This increases the memory requirements minimally and decreases the computer time spent solving the resulting system of equations substantially. A factor of 7.6 speedup in the matrix solver is typical for the viscous equations. The grids are generated based on the method of Delaunay triangulation. Numerical results are obtained for inviscid flow over a bump in a channel at subsonic and transonic conditions for validation with structured solvers. Viscous results are computed for developing flow in a channel, a symmetric sudden expansion, periodic tandem cylinders in a cross-flow, and a fourport valve. Comparisons are made with available results obtained by other investigators.