cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis, and Management of Mesenteric Vasculopathies in Pediatric Patients

Mesenteric vasculopathies in pediatric patients pose a challenge for clinicians due to their nonspecific clinical presentations and the lack of reported clinical experience. Few cases have been reported in literature and knowledge of mesenteric vasculopathies has not been thoroughly understood. Diagnosis and management of mesenteric vasculopathies in children is heavily dependent on proper radiologic imaging. In this review, we attempt to consolidate information regarding the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of mesenteric vasculopathies of congenital malformations, genetic anomalies, vasculitis, and ischemic insults. Pediatric interventional radiology is providing a forefront of minimally invasive techniques for both diagnosis and treatment of various pathologies of the mesenteric vasculature.
Do extremely preterm infants need retinopathy of prematurity screening earlier than 31 weeks postmenstrual age

To evaluate the utility of screening all extremely preterm infants for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at 4 weeks chronologic age, which is earlier than recommended by the 2018 AAP guidelines. Retrospective analysis of infants <27 weeks gestation from two tertiary NICUs between 2006 and 2018 who survived until first eye examination. 550 infants (gestational age 25.1 ± 1.2 weeks and birth weight 758 ± 323 g) had 1310 examinations performed by 32 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA), and 676 (51.6%) of these were prior to 31 weeks PMA. No examinations in infants prior to 31 weeks PMA met the criteria for laser therapy. Of 87/550 infants (15.8%) who required laser therapy, none did so prior to 32 weeks PMA. No infants born <27 weeks gestation were found to have severe ROP prior to 31 weeks PMA, supporting the most recent AAP recommendation of initiating ROP screening at 31 weeks PMA for extremely preterm infants.
On the symmetry of induced norm cones

Several authors have studied the problem of making an asymmetric cone symmetric through a change of inner product, and one set of positive results pertains to the class of elliptic cones. We demons...
A Culture Collection of 50 Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates.

ABSTRACT A culture collection of 50 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates is available from the CDC & FDA Antibiotic Resistance Isolate Bank. Associated data include antibiotic susceptibility information for azithromycin, cefixime, cefpodoxime, ceftriaxone, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, penicillin, and spectinomycin and linked whole-genome sequences.
Abundance, Activity, Diversity, and Species Interactions of Ground-Dwelling Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Open Versus Canopied Habitats in Central Georgia (USA)

The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and ground-dwelling ant species native to Georgia were observed and studied in tree-canopied and open uncanopied habitats in two state parks in central Georgia. Population density, native species diversity, and interactions of native species with each other and with the invasive S. invicta were determined and compared in the two habitats. Sampling methods included pitfall traps, baits, collection of leaf litter, and visual searches. In comparison to the open uncanopied habitats, red imported fire ant population density was lower in tree-canopied habitats, and native ant species diversity was greater in the canopied habitats. We also observed native species competing with red imported fire ants more intensely in canopied than in open habitats primarily by foraging activity and by predation of S. invicta reproductives. Our results suggest that native ant species can suppress S. invicta population numbers and density and that competition by native ant species should be considered in approaches of managing red imported fire ant.
Optics of CdS/CdTe Thin-Film Photovoltaics

Optical reflection probes based on high-speed multichannel spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) have been applied at different stages in the development and evaluation of CdS/CdTe thin-film photovoltaics (PV). Real-time SE during materials fabrication has provided insights into the nucleation, coalescence, and structural evolution of CdS and CdTe films. The deduced optical properties of the materials have provided insights into material density, stress, and excited carrier mean free path or defect density. The optical properties have also served as a database for analyzing complete PV stacks by probing through the glass. Uses of the database include CdTe materials analysis by Br2/methanol etching for depth profiling of devices before and after CdCl2 treatment, as well as large-area PV plate and module analysis by off-line mapping with future on-line capabilities.
Barriers to Obtaining a Timely Diagnosis in Human Papillomavirus–Associated Oropharynx Cancer:

ObjectiveFailure to recognize symptoms of human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPV(+)OPSCC) at presentation can delay diagnosis and treatment. This study aims to i...
Accelerating innovation: some lessons from the pandemic.

The Pandemic taught us that accelerated new-product development is more important than ever, and provided examples of firms developing breakthrough products in record time. This article outlines five approaches to accelerated development. The first two deal with adequately resourcing new-product projects, namely the use of focused teams; and effective portfolio management to prioritize projects and reallocate resources. Newer digital tools are outlined that speed new-products developments. Finally, two development methods are described that move development projects faster: Lean development and Agile development. Accelerated development also has hidden costs: undertaking less innovative projects, and cutting too many corners. Although important, the topic is under-researched, and the limited research has yielded inconclusive results about acceleration's expected benefits.
Ketamine Stability over Six Months of Exposure to Moderate and High Temperature Environments.

Background: All medications should be stored within temperature ranges defined by manufacturers, but logistical and operational challenges of prehospital and military settings complicate adherence ...
Petrogenesis and structure of oceanic crust in the Lau back-arc basin

Abstract Oceanic crust formed along spreading centers in the Lau back-arc basin exhibits a dramatic change in structure and composition with proximity to the nearby Tofua Arc. Results from recent seismic studies in the basin indicate that crust formed near the Tofua Arc is abnormally thick (8–9 km) and compositionally stratified, with a thick low-velocity (3.4–4.5 km/s) upper crust and an abnormally high-velocity (7.2–7.4+ km/s) lower crust ( Arai and Dunn, 2014 ). Lava samples from this area show arc-like compositional enrichments and tend to be more vesicular and differentiated than typical mid-ocean ridge basalts, with an average MgO of ∼3.8 wt.%. We propose that slab-derived water entrained in the near-arc ridge system not only enhances mantle melting, as commonly proposed to explain high crustal production in back-arc environments, but also affects magmatic differentiation and crustal accretion processes. We present a petrologic model of Lau back-arc crustal formation that successfully predicts the unusual crustal stratification imaged in the near-arc regions of the Lau basin, as well as the highly fractionated basaltic andesites and andesites that erupt there. Results from phase equilibria modeling using MELTS indicate that the high water contents found in near-arc parental melts can lead to crystallization of an unusually mafic, high velocity cumulate layer. Best-fit model runs contain initial water contents of ∼0.5–1.0 wt.% H2O in the parental melts, and successfully reproduce geochemical trends of the erupted lavas while crystallizing a cumulate assemblage with calculated seismic velocities consistent with those observed in the near-arc lower crust. Modeled residual melts are also lower density than their dry equivalents, which aids in melt segregation from the cumulate layer. Low-density, water-rich residual melts can lead to the eruption of vesicular lavas that are unusually evolved for an oceanic spreading center.
The U.S. Securities Fraud Class Action: An Unlikely Export to the European Union

Although the EU has achieved an impressive degree of harmonization in the securities laws of its member states, it has not yet advanced any effective collective private remedies for violations of those securities laws. This is especially noteworthy since the U.S. Supreme Court's decision in Morrison v. National Australia Bank left many defrauded European investors without access to the U.S. class action remedy, which previously had been the only meaningful collective redress mechanism available to European investors. Recently, the European Commission has made it clear that if it were to adopt a collective redress mechanism, the U.S. class action remedy would serve as a model of what not to do. This article explores the viability of the U.S.-style securities fraud class action in the EU. It first examines the rise of the securities fraud class action device in the U.S. and subsequent legislative and judicial restraints on investors' ability to utilize the mechanism. The article then discusses the cultural views and judicial principles inherent in the European litigation system that serve as significant barriers to member states' adoption of a U.S.-style class action procedure. Finally, the article concludes that aside from episodic successes achieved by industrious U.S. plaintiff lawyers pursuing collective relief in the Netherlands, the U.S.-style securities fraud class action is unlikely to become a viable mechanism for providing European access to justice for defrauded investors.
Patterns of Glaucoma Medication Adherence over Four Years of Follow-Up.

Purpose To assess longer-term patterns of glaucoma medication adherence and identify whether patterns established during the first year of medication use persist during 3 subsequent years of follow-up. Design Retrospective, longitudinal cohort analysis. Participants Beneficiaries aged ≥40 years who were enrolled in a United States (US)-managed care plan for ≥7 years between 2001 and 2012 and newly diagnosed and treated for open-angle glaucoma. Methods For each enrollee, we quantified medication adherence using the medication possession ratio. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to identify patterns of adherence for 1 and 4 years of follow-up. The percent of beneficiaries who remained in the same trajectory group in the 1- and 4-year models was tabulated to evaluate group stability. Factors impacting adherence at 1 and 4 years were identified using regression analyses. Main Outcome Measures Patterns of glaucoma medication adherence. Results Of the 1234 eligible beneficiaries, GBTM identified 5 distinct glaucoma medication adherence patterns in both the 1-year and 4-year follow-up periods. These groups were as follows: (1) never adherent after their index prescription fill (7.5% and 15.6% of persons in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); (2) persistently very poor adherence (14.9% and 23.4% of persons in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); (3) declining adherence (9.5% and 9.1% of persons in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); (4) persistently moderate adherence (48.1% and 37.0% of persons in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively); and (5) persistently good adherence (20.0% and 15.0% of persons in the 1- and 4-year models, respectively). More than 90% of beneficiaries in the 4 groups with the worst and best adherence patterns (groups 1, 2, 3, 5) maintained their patterns from their first year throughout their 4 years of follow-up. Those with persistently moderate adherence (group 4), the largest group, were most likely to change groups from 1 to 4 years of follow-up. Persons with the best adherence over 4 years were more likely to be white, to be older, to earn >$60 000/year, and to have more eye care visits ( P P = 0.03). Conclusions For most patients who were newly prescribed glaucoma medications, adherence patterns observed in the first year of treatment reflect adherence patterns over the subsequent 3 years. Investing resources in both identifying and helping patients with suboptimal adherence patterns over the first year may have a large impact on longer-term adherence.
Immersive visualization techniques in enhancing and speeding pedagogical processes of computing concepts

The pace of technological innovation is faster than the rate of human acquisition of new knowledge and concepts. To address this extraordinary difference, it is crucial that technology such as immersive visualization be utilized to accelerate and enhance the pedagogical practices. The primary purpose of this research was to create an immersive environment based on prior practices. In the first phase of the project, the authors investigated, designed, developed, implemented, and evaluated software modules for computer concepts. Sixty-eight students participated in a controlled experimental study, and a standard pre- and post-test protocol was administered. The preliminary results show that the use of selected computer science concepts based on tenets, foundations and basic elements of immersive visualization tends to increase the understanding and mastery of the selected subject area. While it is exciting to see such interesting results, additional research is needed to verify our preliminary findings.
News from the NIH: using an experimental medicine approach to facilitate translational research.

Basic research to understand the mechanisms of normal human functioning has been called “the engine of discovery,” driving innovation and underlying many therapeutic breakthroughs. But in order for basic research findings to inform therapeutic interventions, those findings need to be translated and tested in a clinical context. The challenges of translating basic findings into clinical care are well documented, including in the high-profile 2001 Institute of Medicine report that described the “quality chasm” between scientific knowledge and quality clinical care [1].
The STAR experiment at RHIC

STAR (Solenoid Tracker at RHIC) will be one of two large, sophisticated experiments ready to take data when the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) comes on-line in Fall of 1999. The design of STAR, its construction and commissioning and the physics program using the detector are the responsibility of a collaboration of over 350 members from 34 institutions, world-wide. The overall approach of the STAR collaboration to the challenge of studying collisions of highly relativistic nuclei is to focus on measurements of the properties of the many hadrons produced in individual events. The STAR detector is optimized to detect and identify hadrons over a large solid angle so that individual events can be characterized, in detail, based on their hadronic content. The broad capabilities of the STAR detector will permit an examination of a wide variety of proposed signatures for the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) on an eventby-event basis, using a sample of events which come from collisions resulting in a large energy density deposited in the central region In order to achieve this goal, the STAR experiment is based on a solenoid geometry with tracking detectors using the time projection chamber1 (TPC) approach and covering a large range of pseudo-rapidity so that individual tracks can be seen within the very high track density expected in central collisions at RHIC. A Silicon Vertex Tracker (SVT) is sensitive to charged tracks above 40 MeV/c transverse momentum while additional TPCs provide tracking in the forward cones. STAR also utilizes particle identification by the dE/dx technique in the TPC and SVT and by time-of-flight. Electromagnetic energy is detected in a large solid angle calorimeter. The construction of STAR, which will be located in the Wide Angle Hall at the 6 o’clock position at RHIC, formally began in early 1993. The so-called “baseline scope” consisting of the TPC and its readout electronics, the 0.5 T solenoid magnet, data acquisition, trigger, software and support infrastructure is proceeding towards completion in 1999 in time for the first RHIC physics run. The SVT, partial implementation of the electromagnetic calorimeter and the forwards TPCs will be available soon thereafter with full implementation of the detector occurring as funding permits.
Friction Reduction in Lubricated Rough Contacts: Numerical and Experimental Studies

Combining the contact model of elastic-layered solid with the concept of asperity contact in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), a mixed-lubrication model is presented to predict friction coefficient over rough surfaces with/without an elastic-layered medium under entire lubrication regimes. Solution of contact problems for elastic-layered solids is presented based upon the classical model of Greenwood and Williamson (GW) in conjunction with Chen and Engel's analysis. The effects of the Young's modulus ratio of the layer to substrate and the thickness of the layer on the elastic real area of contact and contact load for a fixed dimensionless separation are studied using the proposed method, which is used for the asperities having contact with an elastic coating. Coefficient of friction with elastic-layered solids in boundary lubrication is calculated in terms of Rabinowicz's findings and elastic-layered solutions of Gupta and Walowit. The effect of rough contacts with an elastic layer on friction coefficient in lubrication regimes has been analyzed. Variations in plasticity index ψ significantly affect friction coefficients in boundary and mixed lubrications. For a large value of ψ, the degree of plastic contact exhibits a stronger dependence of the mean separation or film thickness than the roughness, and for a small value of ψ, the opposite result is true. The effect of governing parameters, such as inlet oil viscosity at ambient pressure, pressure–viscosity coefficient, combined surface roughness, and El/E2 on friction coefficient, has been investigated. Simulations are shown to be in good agreement with the experimental friction data.
Some Technical Considerations in Voice Perturbation Measurements

The maximum theoretical quantization noise (shimmer and jitter) for digital recording systems is estimated and compared with normal vocal shimmer and jitter. Nine bits of resolution and 500 samples...
Clinical, Radiographic, and Histological Evaluation of Porous Rooted Cobalt-Chromium Alloy Dental Implants:

Forty-five cobalt-chromium alloy porous rooted dental implants were placed in dogs. They were evaluated periodically over two years. The implants were successful one-third of the time. Failures occurred early (two months) or late (after six). Attempts to explain the failures, early and late, are made.
A characterization of Poissonian domains

We give a characterization of Possonian domains inR n , i.e., those domains for which every bounded harmonic function is the harmonic extension of some function inL ∞ of harmonic measure. We deduce several properties of such domains, including some results of Mountford and Port. In two dimensions we give an additional characterization in terms of the logarithmic capacity of the boundary. We also give a necessary and sufficient condition for the harmonic measures on two disjoint planar domains to be mutually singular.
TRYPANOSOMA CRUZI OLEATE DESATURASE: MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION AND COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS IN OTHER TRYPANOSOMATIDS

Trypanosoma cruzi lipids contain a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily oleic acid (C18:1) and linoleic acid (C18:2). Previous data suggest that this parasite is able to convert oleic acid into linoleic acid; humans are not able to do this. Presently, we show that T. cruzi has a gene with high similarity to the Δ12 (ω6)-oleate desaturase from plants. Northern blot analysis of the oleate desaturase gene from T. cruzi (ODTc) indicated that this gene is transcribed in epimastigote, amastigote, and trypomastigote forms. Pulsed-field analysis showed that ODTc is located at distinct chromosomal bands on distinct T. cruzi phylogenetic groups. In addition, the chromoblot analysis demonstrated the presence of homologous ODTc genes in several trypanosomatids; namely, Crithidia fasciculata, Herpetomonas megaseliae, Leptomonas seymouri, Trypanosoma freitasi, Trypanosoma rangeli, Trypanosoma lewisi, Blastocrithidia sp., Leishmania amazonensis, Endotrypanum schaudinni, and Trypanosoma conorhini. The nativ...
Confirmatory factor analysis of the PTSD checklist in the elderly

The authors examined the psychometric characteristics and factor structure of the Civilian Version of the PTSD Checklist (PCL-C; F. W. Weathers, B. T. Litz, J. A. Huska, & T. Keane, 1994) in elderly survivors, aged 66-90, of the 2004 Florida hurricane disasters. Confirmatory factor analyses of nine models of PCL-C structure revealed the strongest support for a 4-factor model consisting of reexperiencing, avoidance, numbing, and arousal dimensions. Future studies will be facilitated by the knowledge that the PCL-C 4-factor model appears to apply across the adult age range and a variety of posttraumatic stress disorder-producing conditions.
Proactive interference: An individual-item versus relational processing account ☆

Abstract Four experiments investigating the effects of transfer specific ( A - B , A - C ) paired associate learning on long-term retention performance were conducted. It was shown that the critical list ( C ) responses were retained better under conditions of A - B , A - C learning than under conditions of D - B , A - C learning when the critical list ( A ) stimuli were not presented at test (e.g., free recall). This reversal of the typical interference effect was observed in each of the four experiments. It was suggested that extant theories of interference and forgetting cannot easily explain these results. However, when proactive interference is viewed in terms of differential processing of individual-item and relational information during study of the critical list response items, the results are easily interpreted.
Need for procedural details in the protocol for specimen processing by the MagNA Pure LC Instrument.

We read with interest the favorable findings of Holzl et al. (1) showing good agreement of plasma HIV-1 RNA measurements (by the ultrasensitive COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor test) by using the conventional (manual) RNA purification method and the fully automated method performed with the MagNA Pure LC instrument. Their findings would enable diagnostic laboratories to use a commercially available automated nucleic acid purification system for a complex molecular assay and to save considerable resources. The authors stated that they subjected the low-positive, high-positive, and negative controls provided with the COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor test to RNA purification and reverse transcription (RT)-PCR analysis in both the conventional and automated methods, but no further procedural details on this part of their evaluation were provided. In the manufacturer-specified manual RNA purification procedures for the ultrasensitive assay, 12.5 μl of each control reagent is added to the respective tube containing 600 μl of lysis buffer and the centrifuged pellet of the normal human plasma provided in the assay kit. For processing clinical specimens, 500 μl of each patient plasma specimen is concentrated in a tube by centrifugation and then subjected to lysis (600 μl of lysis buffer). However, when using the MagNA Pure LC large-volume total nucleic acid protocol for automated nucleic acid purification, the instrument does not allow differential pipetting and processing of assay controls versus patient specimens during the same run. How did Holzl et al. use the MagNA Pure LC instrument to process the assay controls and patient specimens within the same run? Were modified procedures used for handling the controls so that they could be processed along with clinical specimens within the same run? If the controls were not processed on the same run as the clinical specimens, the validity of the automated nucleic acid purification process and the assay results obtained from the clinical specimens would be uncertain. Procedural details from the authors regarding proper processing of assay controls by the MagNA Pure LC instrument are critically important to diagnostic laboratories planning to validate and adopt this fully automated nucleic acid purification method for use with the ultrasensitive COBAS AMPLICOR HIV-1 Monitor test.
Arterial anatomy of the triangular fibrocartilage of the wrist and its surgical significance

This vascular injection study of the triangular fibrocartilage (TFC) was carried out in 12 fresh cadaver arms—eight adults and four infants—with Ward's blue latex. The TFC receives its blood supply from (1) the ulnar artery through its palmar and dorsal radiocarpal branches, (2) the dorsal branch of the anterior interosseous artery, and (3) the palmar branch of the anterior interosseous artery. These vessels are arranged in a radial fashion in relation to the fibrocartilage. Histologic sections of the TFC reveal vascularity in the outer 15% to 20% of the disc, and the rest is avascular. On the basis of these findings, we feel that tears of the TFC in its vascular zone have the potential to heal if repaired and those in the central avascular zone do not have this potential.
Energy taxes and endogenous technological change

Abstract This paper studies the effects of a tax on energy use in a growth model where market structure is endogenous and jointly determined with the rate of technological change. Because this economy does not exhibit the scale effect (a positive relation between TFP growth and aggregate R&D), the tax has no effect on the steady-state growth rate. It has, however, important transitional effects that give rise to surprising results. Specifically, under the plausible assumption that energy demand is inelastic, there may exist a hump-shaped relation between the energy tax and welfare. This shape stems from the fact that the reallocation of resources from energy production to manufacturing triggers a temporary acceleration of TFP growth that generates a √ -shaped time profile of consumption. If endogenous technological change raises consumption sufficiently fast and by a sufficient amount in the long run, and households are sufficiently patient, the tax raises welfare despite the fact that—in line with standard intuition—it lowers consumption in the short run.
'Sleeping with the enemy?' Expectations and reality in imaging children in the emergency setting.

As an introduction to the ALARA conference titled “Building Bridges between Radiology and Emergency Medicine: Consensus Conference on Imaging Safety and Quality for Children in the Emergency Setting,” it is important for us to understand the landscapes of both the pediatric radiology and emergency medicine subspecialties. Recognizing potentially different practice patterns, including perspectives on pediatric care, as well as shared and sometimes unique professional pressures, can help us identify common concerns and problems and facilitate the development of strategies aimed at correcting these issues.
Mitochondrial-cytoplasmic redox exchanges in acute, brief hypoxia.

Abstract 1. 1. Changes in the redox state of the cytoplasm and mitochondria of rat liver, heart and brain were measured during the first few seconds of acute hypoxia. 2. 2. Cytoplasmic changes preceded mitochondrial changes in all three organs. 3. 3. It is suggested that this was due to a transfer of reducing equivalents from mitochondria to cytoplasm in the hypoxic cells. 4. 4. Measured changes in surface fluorescence of the heart in brief periods of hypoxia appeared to reflect an increase in cytoplasmic rather than mitochondrial NADH.
On a stochastic theory of grain growth—III

Abstract The stochastic theory of grain growth proposed previously [C. S. Pande, Acta metall.35, 2671 (1987)] is examined and discussed in the light of a recent criticism [N. Ryum and O. Hunderi, Acta metall.37, 1375 (1989)]. We show that the theory is able to answer all major objections raised by Ryum and Hunderi. In particular we develop further the stochastic theory utilizing an N dimensional diffusion term, (N = 1, 2, or 3 and show mathematically that for N = 3 the volume of the specimen is trictly conserved. The grain size distribution is obtained for three dimensions in closed analytical form and is found to be approximately lognormal, in good agreement with experiments.
Near-isotropic air plasma sprayed titania

A titania feedstock was air plasma sprayed on low carbon steel substrates. In-flight particle temperature, velocity and diameter were monitored in order to find a parameter set that resulted in high particle temperature and velocity. Coatings were produced using the chosen parameter set, and certain mechanical properties (Vickers microhardness, Knoop microhardness and elastic modulus) of these deposits were measured on the cross-section and in-plane (top surface). The microstructure was evaluated using image analysis (porosity) and scanning electron microscopy. Thermal spray coatings are widely known for their anisotropic character, however, in this work, the mechanical properties of the titania coatings exhibited very similar values on the cross-section and in-plane regions. The reasons why this near-isotropic character is present are suggested and discussed.
The Assessment of Teachers in the United States

(1994). The Assessment of Teachers in the United States. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 95-114.
A branch-and-bound approach to the job-shop scheduling problem

SUMMARY The shop scheduling problem with which this paper is concerned is to determine a sequence of J jobs on each of the M machines such that the schedule time is minimized. The machine ordering of each job is pre-specified but independent of those of other jobs. A branch-and-bound algorithm, using a powerful bounding procedure, has been developed for obtaining an optimal solution. An illustrative example is solved. Computational experience with this algorithm shows that it is practical in problems of moderate size. However, for larger problems, the algorithm can be applied without backtracking in which an optimal or near-optimal solution may be obtained. The quality of solutions obtained by the branch-and-bound algorithm without backtracking has been investigated. The optimal-producing algorithm is compared favourably with other published methods The number of nodes explored and the computational time are considered as bases for evaluation.
NONCHARACTERISTIC X-RAY BANDS PRODUCED IN TARGETS OF C, Al, Si, AND SOLID Ar BY ARGON IONS AT keV ENERGIES.

The energy, width, and yield of noncharacteristic x-rays are reported from collisions of argon ions at energies from 25 to 200 keV with targets of C, Al, Si, and solid Ar. The x-ray band has a peak at \ensuremath{\sim} 1160 eV with a full width at half-maximum of \ensuremath{\sim} 700 eV for solid Ar targets and a peak at \ensuremath{\sim} 900 eV with a full width at half-maximum of \ensuremath{\sim} 300 eV for the other targets. The yield increases with ion energy and decreases with the target $Z$.
Near-well upscaling for three-phase flows

Large-scale flow models constructed using standard coarsening procedures may not accurately resolve detailed near-well effects. Such effects are often important to capture, however, as the interaction of the well with the formation can have a dominant impact on process performance. In this work, a near-well upscaling procedure, which provides three-phase well-block properties, is developed and tested. The overall approach represents an extension of a recently developed oil–gas upscaling procedure and entails the use of local well computations (over a region referred to as the local well model (LWM)) along with a gradient-based optimization procedure to minimize the mismatch between fine and coarse-scale well rates, for oil, gas, and water, over the LWM. The gradients required for the minimization are computed efficiently through solution of adjoint equations. The LWM boundary conditions are determined using an iterative local-global procedure. With this approach, pressures and saturations computed during a global coarse-scale simulation are interpolated onto LWM boundaries and then used as boundary conditions for the fine-scale LWM computations. In addition to extending the overall approach to the three-phase case, this work also introduces new treatments that provide improved accuracy in cases with significant flux from the gas cap into the well block. The near-well multiphase upscaling method is applied to heterogeneous reservoir models, with production from vertical and horizontal wells. Simulation results illustrate that the method is able to accurately capture key near-well effects and to provide predictions for component production rates that are in close agreement with reference fine-scale results. The level of accuracy of the procedure is shown to be significantly higher than that of a standard approach which uses only upscaled single-phase flow parameters.
Capacity Study of Non-Coherent MIMO Channels

This paper considers the capacity of non-coherent Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) fading channels with memory. A general decomposition for the MIMO mutual information is found first, then asymptotic lower and upper bounds are derived based on the decomposition. It is found that the upper and the lower bound will converge and a MIMO fading number is derived when the number of receive antennas approaches to infinity. It is shown that inputs with independent Euclidean norm and phase-amplitude-ratio vector can achieve this fading number when the number of receive antennas is large. The derived MIMO fading number reduces to the fading number of Single-Input Multiple-Output (SIMO) systems. A MIMO non-asymptotic lower bound also is presented.
Theoretical Cross Section of Intermediate-Boson Production from Neutrinos

With the availability of higher accelerator energies in the foreseeable future, it is to be expected that renewed efforts will be made to search for the hypothetical intermediate bosons in the next generation of neutrino experiments. We record here some details of the theoretical calculation of the production cross section upon which the numerical computation is based. The differential cross section is computed in closed form. The calculation of the total cross section is reduced to a two-dimensional integral to be evaluated numerically.
Specificity of precipitating antibodies in immunological identification of antihaemophilic factor.

RECENT immunological studies on the antihaemophilic factor (AHF, factor VIII) indicate that a nonfunctional AHF-like protein is synthesized in haemophilia A and that von Willebrand's disease is associated with reduced AHF synthesis1–3. These conclusions are based on the immunological measurement of proteins which have AHF antigenic determinants using methods that detect secondary properties of the interaction of AHF with the rabbit antibody such as immunoprecipitation1, haemagglutination inhibition2, radioimmunoassay3 and antibody neutralization assays1.
Real-time tool control and job dispatching in flexible manufacturing systems

A method of loading a set of tools to the different machining centres of a shop is presented, where each part visits only one of the machining centres for its entire processing. Any tools which are required but unavailable for the processing of a part are borrowed from other machining centres. As a real-time control, the tool-returning policies for those borrowed tools and the job-dispatching rules at the machining centres are evaluated to maximize the throughput performance of the shop. Some experimental results are provided.
Post treatment surveillance of type II endometrial cancer patients.

Abstract Objective There are few studies analyzing surveillance for Type II endometrial cancer recurrence. Our objective was to determine the types of post treatment surveillance tests performed in our institution and the efficacy of these tests in detecting recurrence in type II endometrial cancer patients. Methods One hundred and thirty six cases of type II endometrial cancers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center from January of 2000 to August of 2011 were identified and 106 patients met inclusion criteria. Medical charts were reviewed for surveillance methods and number of follow up visits. For patients who underwent a recurrence of disease, the surveillance method utilized for detection was documented. Results Forty-seven of the 106 (44%) patients developed recurrence with a mean progression free interval of 11months. All patients had a history and physical at each surveillance visit, 78% had Pap testing, 57% had CA-125 levels drawn, 59% had CT (computed tomography) scans done, 6% had PET (positron emission tomography) scans done for surveillance. In our cohort, recurrence was detected by symptoms in 16, by CA-125 in 11, by physical exam in 7, by CT scan in 12, and by PET scan in one patient. No patients had recurrence detected by vaginal cytology. Conclusions Although performed in the majority of patients, Pap testing did not detect any recurrences within this cohort. History and physical exam detected the most recurrences. These findings suggest that educating patients about relevant symptoms and performing thorough follow-up exams may be the most important aspects of detecting type II endometrial cancer recurrence.
SOME CULTURAL CHARACTERS OF SPECIES OF LYCOPERDACEAE

A knowledge of the cultural characteristics of individual species of fungi is essential for a complete understanding of the group as a whole. A summary of the present status of Gasteromycetes in culture was given by the writer in previotus papers (Swartz, I928, I929, I933); and it is hoped that the following notes on the culture of nine species of Lycoperdaceae may add something of value. The following species, each collected in its own characteristic habitat, were successfully cultured from tissue: Lycoperdon pyriforme (Schaeff.) Pers.; Lycoperdon gemmatum Batsch.-auct. pl.; Lycoperdon glabellum Pk.; Lycoperdon pulcherrimum Berk.; Calvatia saccata Fr. sensu Lloyd; Calvatia gigantea Batsch.; Calvatia caelata (Bull.) Fr.; Calvatia cyathiformis (Bosc.) Morg.; Bovista plumbea (Pers.) Fr.
Constituent-dependent liposome structure and organization.

We have used steady state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in concert with TEM to study organization and dynamics of molecules comprising liposomes, discoidal micelles, and spherical mic...
Cobalt loaded D2EHPA for selective separation of manganese from cobalt electrolyte solution

Abstract Manganese from high tenor cobalt electrolyte solution was selectively removed using modified di-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). In this study, D2EHPA was converted to Co-D2EHPA and process parameters such as pH, organic concentration, O/A ratio, kinetics etc. were investigated. Results showed that a significant amount of manganese can be extracted using Co-D2EHPA for the optimum processing of cobalt electrolyte solution at equilibrium pH ~ 3.5 and an O/A ratio of 1. The McCabe–Thiele diagram, constructed from the extraction study of manganese showed that 100% manganese can be extracted through four stages using an O/A ratio of 0.65. From the stripping study, it was found that 100% manganese can be stripped from the loaded organic using 0.4 M H2SO4 in a single contact.
Male and Female Leaders: Comparison of Performance and Behavior Patterns:

This study examined similarities and differences in behavior patterns and skills of male and female leaders (n = 32) under four standardized conditions (males supervising males or females, females supervising males or females). Analysis of variance yielded no significant differences between the performance of male and female leaders on both their human-relations and administrative-technical skills. Bales' Interaction Process Analysis showed that female leaders exhibited more release of tension, agreed more often, gave more opinions, and asked for more suggestions than did male leaders. Differences in the measured behaviors of male as well as female subordinates in groups supervised by male and female leaders were found. The behaviors and skills of the leaders were not related to the sex of subordinates.
Early development of the renal lesions in infantile cystinosis.

To identify the early renal lesions in cystinosis, including whether the ”swan neck” deformity of the proximal tubule is a congenital or an acquired lesion, we performed renal function tests and kidney biopsies on two cystinotic infants, on one at 5 and 14 months and on the other at 6 and 12 months of age. The ”swan neck” deformity appears to be an acquired lesion for two reasons. First, the characteristic thin neck of the proximal tubule was not demonstrated by nephron microdissection or light microscopy until after 6 months of life. Second, electron microscopy revealed that prior to the development of the lesion, the tubular cells in the neck region of the proximal tubule were undergoing degenerative changes. Renal function tests indicated that the manifestations of the Fanconi syndrome correlated with the stages of development of the ”swan neck” lesion. Minute crystalline spaces having some of the characteristics of lysosomal cystine crystals appeared in the early biopsies only in that portion of the proximal tubule which was undergoing atrophy to form the ”swan neck” lesion observed in the later biopsies. These findings provide evidence of at least a temporal relationship between apparent cellular cystine accumulation and the development of the ”swan neck” lesion and the Fanconi syndrome.
Open vascular surgery procedures: how will we learn to do them and will they have the same quality?

Theprogressiontowardendovascularproceduresforprimary treatment of vascular disease, from repair ofabdominalaorticaneurysms(AAA)toendotherapyforallaneurysmalandocclusivevasculardisease,hasgradu-allyoccurredoverthepast15years.Onlyfinanciallimi-tations placed by government agencies and insurancecompanieshaveslowedtheprogressiontowardprimaryendovascular therapy for all vascular diseases. In theUSA, carotid stenting and renal angioplasty are twoareas where limitations have recently been proposed orplaced on the use of endovascular therapy. Patients aredemanding endovascular approaches, and since physi-cians are better reimbursed for endovascular therapythan open surgery, many physicians, as well as patients,areembracingprimaryendovascularapproaches,inspiteof limited long-term data comparing endovascular andopen approaches in many vascular beds. With theincreased use of endovascular approaches, open vascu-lar procedures are performed less frequently and areoften reserved for patients with the most complex vas-cular problems. For example, endovascular repair ofAAA is commonly performed in patients with infrare-nal aneurysms with a long neck, while open surgicalrepair is usually reserved for pararenal and juxtarenalaneurysms which require suprarenal aortic clamping.Somevascularsurgeonshavereducedoperativerisksbylimiting their practices to specific procedures and refer-ringcomplexcasestoothervascularsurgeons,butthereis still a reduced volume of open procedures in manysurgical practices that previously had a large open sur-gical experience.Historically,operativemortalityhasbeenreducedtovery low levels by performing a high volume of casesand focusing practices exclusively on vascular surgery.With the reduced number of cases and the increasedcomplexityof theremainingopencases,whowillbeper-forming these open procedures in the future, and howwill the next generation of open vascular surgeons betrained? Many vascular surgeons who are involved intrainingprogramsareconcernedaboutthisproblem.Theremainingopencasesinmostacademictrainingcentersare often complex and therefore not optimal for train-ing;if trainingisperformedonthesecases,theremaybeasignificantrisktothepatient.Whataretheoptionsforfuturevascularcarethatwillkeeptheoutcomesof opencases as good as they are today and competitive withendovascularprocedures,intermsof outcomes,astheirfrequency decreases?Thereareseveralpossiblescenarios:1)theresultsofopen procedures, which will be performed less fre-quently, will worsen, leading to a more rapid movetoward an all endovascular approach to most vasculardiseases; 2) higher risk open vascular surgery proce-dures will be regionalized to a small group of surgeonswho perform these procedures in high volume; 3) there
A Method for Growing Large Crystals of the Alkali Halides

F. St\"ober was specified four conditions which must be fulfilled in order to grow large crystals from fused salts. Ramsperger and Melvin in applying St\"ober's method encountered difficulty. They were able to grow large crystals which, however, broke upon cooling on account of unequal temperature contraction of the crystal and the melting pot as well as on account of strains caused by unequal temperature contraction throughout the crystal.
A RAMAN SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY OF RE2BaCuO5 WHERE RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu

We have prepared and determined the Raman spectra of a class of compounds of formula RE2BaCuO5, where RE = Y, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Lu. Other rare-earth elements, Nd, Ce, Tb and Pr, are found not to form this class of compounds.
Mechanism of the inhibitory effect of ghrelin in sepsis

Sepsis and septic shock are the leading causes of death in intensive care units. Approximately 40%-70% of the mortality is associated with severe sepsis and septic shock. Systemic antibiotic usage, surgical intervention, aggressive fluid resuscitation and careful monitoring are common measures currently used to treat sepsis. Despite the advances in the understanding of the pathophysiology of sepsis, very little progress has been made towards therapeutic interventions. Recently we have shown that ghrelin, a stomach-derived peptide which is an endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR-1a), is beneficial in attenuating the inflammatory response, organ injury and mortality in an experimental model of polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). In this review, we describe the mechanism of action of ghrelin in sepsis, highlight the role ghrelin plays in attenuating the hepatic dysfunction induced by sepsis and septic shock and suggest in developing ghrelin as a potential therapy for sepsis.
High Power, Linearly Polarized Yb-doped Fiber Laser

An all-fiber linearly polarized laser cavity comprising an all-glass, polarization-maintaining double clad fiber fusion spliced to a single-polarization fiber was demonstrated. The laser exhibited an output power of 62 W with a 20 dB polarization extinction ratio.
INVESTIGATIONS OF TRANS-RH(PY3)2(CO)X (X = NCO, NCS; Y = H, ME, PH) COMPLEXES USING DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY

Abstract In our computational study of trans-Rh(PH3)2(CO)X (X = NCO, NCS), we employed the Becke hybrid three-parameter DFT method using the Lee, Yang and Parr correlation functional (B3LYP) and the double-ζ plus polarization basis set (DZP). Our optimized complexes have a slightly distorted square-planar structure with moderate bending of the phosphine ligands towards the uninegative ligand X−. The predicted structures compare favorably with experimental data for trans-Rh(PPh3)2(CO)NCO. Computationally predicted vibrational frequencies ν(CO) and ν(CN) for trans-Rh(PPh3)2(CO)NCO compare well with solution-phase FTIR data. Based upon trends in computed and experimental frequency shifts, we predict solution-phase ν(CO) frequencies for trans-Rh(PY3)2(CO)NCS (Y = Me, Ph). Performance of B3LYP and BLYP functionals is also discussed and compared to results obtained using the Hartree-Fock (HF) method.