cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Depression: A Nursing Challenge for Diabetes Management in the Home

older adult online users evaluated their usability over a 2-week period using the thinking-aloud method as they were audio taped. Perceived usability was assessed using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Findings: Eight subjects with a mean age of 77.5 participated. Each module took 20 to 35 minutes. All participants expressed their interest in the information and favored the overall Web design. Participants made recommendations to simplify the design and to reword several instructions. The findings from the subscales of the perceived usability questionnaire showed the following: Satisfaction, mean 34 (range 4–35); Ease of Use, 19 (3–21); Usefulness, 20 (3–21). Significance to Nursing: The findings from this study indicated that online health learning modules, designed to be older-adult friendly, are a viable option to disseminate health information to older adults. doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2005.10.007
Performance analysis of relative location estimation for multihop wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we present new analytical, simulated, and experimental results on the performance of relative location estimation in multihop wireless sensor networks. With relative location, node locations are estimated based on the collection of peer-to-peer ranges between nodes and their neighbors using a priori knowledge of the location of a small subset of nodes, called reference nodes. This paper establishes that when applying relative location to multihop networks the resulting location accuracy has a fundamental upper bound that is determined by such system parameters as the number of hops and the number of links to the reference nodes. This is in contrast to the case of single-hop or fully connected systems where increasing the node density results in continuously increasing location accuracy. More specifically, in multihop networks for a fixed number of hops, as sensor nodes are added to the network the overall location accuracy improves converging toward a fixed asymptotic value that is determined by the total number of links to the reference nodes, whereas for a fixed number of links to the reference nodes, the location accuracy of a node decreases the greater the number of hops from the reference nodes. Analytical expressions are derived from one-dimensional networks for these fundamental relationships that are also validated in two-dimensional and three-dimensional networks with simulation and UWB measurement results.
Dexmedetomidine Overdose in the Perioperative Setting

OBJECTIVETo report 3 cases of accidental dexmedetomidine overdose in the perioperative setting and review the pathophysiology of α2-agonist overdose.CASE SUMMARIESThree patients accidentally received overdoses of dexmedetomidine, one intraoperatively (192 μg over 20 min) and 2 postoperatively (4 and 2 rather than 0.4 and 0.2 μg/kg/h; 0.5 μg/kg/min rather than 0.5 μg/kg/h). Hemodynamic parameters remained stable for all 3 patients. The most notable sign was oversedation diagnosed either clinically or using a bispectral index monitor; Naranjo criteria suggest possible or probable association of the reactions with dexmedetomidine. In all 3 cases, oversedation resolved within one hour of drug discontinuation. There were no other sequelae, and the remainder of each patient's hospital course was unremarkable.DISCUSSIONAs of this writing, dexmedetomidine dosing in excess of the label recommendation has been reported, but accidental dexmedetomidine overdose in clinical practice has not been described. Excessive l...
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 and Ku proteins regulate association of Exo1 and Dna2 with DNA breaks

Single-stranded DNA constitutes an important early intermediate for homologous recombination and damage-induced cell cycle checkpoint activation. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, efficient double-strand break (DSB) end resection requires several enzymes; Mre11/Rad50/Xrs2 (MRX) and Sae2 are implicated in the onset of 5′-strand resection, whereas Sgs1/Top3/Rmi1 with Dna2 and Exo1 are involved in extensive resection. However, the molecular events leading to a switch from the MRX/Sae2-dependent initiation to the Exo1- and Dna2-dependent resection remain unclear. Here, we show that MRX recruits Dna2 nuclease to DSB ends. MRX also stimulates recruitment of Exo1 and antagonizes excess binding of the Ku complex to DSB ends. Using resection assay with purified enzymes in vitro, we found that Ku and MRX regulate the nuclease activity of Exo1 in an opposite way. Efficient loading of Dna2 and Exo1 requires neither Sae2 nor Mre11 nuclease activities. However, Mre11 nuclease activity is essential for resection in the absence of extensive resection enzymes. The results provide new insights into how MRX catalyses end resection and recombination initiation.
Analysis of arbitrary conducting periodic structures embedded in layered media

An analysis of arbitrary periodic conducting structures embedded in layered media has been performed using triangular patch basis functions and the mixed potential formulation implemented in the original PATCH code. Greens functions in layered media were used to develop closed-form expressions for the modified scalar and vector potentials due to an infinite array of arbitrarily oriented triangular patch basis functions in the form of double summations of Floquet modes. Arbitrary periodic conductors may then be modeled using the triangular patch basis functions. Results are presented concerning power transmitted through a strip grating and a printed dipole on a ground slab. >
Salinity tolerance and desiccation resistance of the gemmules of the brackish‐water sponge, Haliclona loosanoffi

Gemmules of Haliclona loosanoffi were collected in the fall and stored in sea water at 5°C for seven to ten months before being used in experiments. Extensive gemmule germination occurred at salinities ranging from 20 to 40o/oo (at 20°C), and salinities of 25 and 30o/oo appeared to be optimal. No germination occurred at 5, 10, 15 or 45o/oo, but extensive germination took place when the gemmules were subsequently transferred to 25o/oo. It is suggested that gemmules may play an important role in the survival of the sponge during extreme conditions of salinity. The gemmules were found to have little resistance to desiccation.
Extravasation of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers across microvascular network endothelium.

Purpose. To study the influence of a controlled incremental increase in size and molecular weight of a series of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on their extravasation across the microvascular network endothelium.
Does partial cystectomy compromise oncologic outcomes for patients with bladder cancer compared to radical cystectomy? A matched case-control analysis

Purpose: To our knowledge long-term oncologic outcomes following partial cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma remain to be defined. We evaluated patterns of recurrence and survival among matched patients treated with partial vs radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: We identified 86 patients who underwent partial cystectomy for pT1-4N0-1Mx urothelial carcinoma between 1980 and 2006 at our institution. They were matched 1:2 to patients undergoing radical cystectomy based on age, gender, pathological T stage and receipt of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and compared with the log rank test.Results: Median postoperative followup was 6.2 years (range 0 to 27). No difference was noted for 10-year distant recurrence-free survival (61% vs 66%, p = 0.63) or cancer specific survival (58% vs 63%, p = 0.67) between patients treated with partial and radical cystectomy, respectively. Interestingly, 4 of 86 patients (5%) who underwent partial cystectomy ...
Skin spicules: A newly described paraneoplastic phenomenon associated with a marginal zone B-cell lymphoma.

Paraneoplastic signs are an important clue to diagnosing an associated malignancy. We report an unusual variant of the sign of Leser-Trelat in a patient with a low-grade B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder and intertriginous skin spicules with histologic morphology of minute seborrheic keratoses.
The Sensitivity of Labor-Supply Decisions to Plant Closures and Labor-Market Characteristics During Corporate Downsizing

Using individual-level data from personnel records and interviews, company-level data on plant conditions and closures, and labor-market area data, this paper undertakes a multi-level analysis of the effects of clustered factors, keyed to production plants, on individual decisions of continued labor supply among production and skilled-trades workers in General Motors plants during the period of the late 1980s as GM was struggling to avoid bankruptcy by (among other tactics) trying to induce workers in targeted plants who were at or near retirement age to accept an incentive-to-retire package.
Impact of Insecticide Treatment on Herbivory and Reproductive Success of the Federally Endangered Plant Clematis morefieldii Kral

ABSTRACT Herbivory is common on the federally endangered Clematis morefieldii (Ranunculaceae), but little is known about its effect on reproductive output. Over 3 yr, we applied the insecticide Sevin (0.26% carbaryl) or water (as a control) to 40 plants (20 per treatment) every 3 wk during the growing season. Herbivores destroyed fewer flower buds on insecticide-treated plants (18.4% fewer in 2010, 45.6% fewer in 2011, 39.7% fewer in 2012), but fruit production increased 3.7-fold on insecticide-treated plants only in 2011. High rainfall during peak flowering/fruiting (April–June) influenced the effectiveness of treatments by boosting achene production in 2011. We compared the amounts of vegetative herbivory (vertebrate browse damage, invertebrate browse damage, piercing-sucking herbivore damage, or leaf miner damage) within each year. Both vertebrate and invertebrate browse damage were significantly greater (1.2- to 2.2-fold) on control plants for all three years. Piercing-sucking herbivory was greater (...
Thirty tomorrows: The next three decades of globalization, demographics, and how we will live, by Milton Ezrati

I chose to read Milton Ezrati’s book, Thirty tomorrows, because I believe that knowledge of globalization, demographics, and how we live is central to women’s lives. We can easily ignore indicators...
Which Way Did They Go?: Newcomer Movement through the Zooniverse

Research on newcomer roles in peer production sites (e.g., Wikipedia) is characterized by a broad and relatively well articulated set of functionally and culturally recognizable roles. But not all communities come with well-defined roles that newcomers can aspire to occupy. The present study explores activity clusters newcomers create when faced with few recognizable roles to fill and limited access to other participants' work that serves as an exemplar. Drawing on a mixed method research design, we present findings from an analysis of 1,687 newcomers' sessions in an online citizen science project. Our analysis revealed three major findings: (1) newcomers' activities exists across six session types; (2) newcomers toggle between light work sessions and more involved types of production or community engagement; (3) high-level contributors contribute large volumes of work but comment very little and another group contributes large volumes of comments, but works very little. The former group draws heavily on posts contributed by the latter group. Identifying shifts and regularities in contribution facilitate improved mechanisms for engaging participants and for the design of online citizen science communities.
A Metric for the Quantification of Macrosegregation During Alloy Solidification

A metric for quantifying the degree of solidification macrosegregation is proposed that statistically fits compositional data from experiments and simulations to a three-parameter Weibull distribution. The method for fitting such a distribution is described and examples are presented. The new metrics are compared to existing macrosegregation measures and the Weibull distribution is shown to be the best fit to data. The fitted three-parameter Weibull distribution is generally found to have better agreement with the composition data than a Gaussian distribution, upon which the macrosegregation number is based, because the Weibull better accounts for asymmetry in the dataset. Trends in macrosegregation results are identified using the new metrics, specifically the normalized Weibull deviation, and compared to the trends identified by the macrosegregation number. A grid dependence study is performed using both metrics as tests for convergence. The utility of the Weibull distribution is demonstrated by comparing composition data with different degrees of asymmetry due to different solidification cooling rates. The difference between the values of the two metrics is a measure of the asymmetry in the compositional distribution.
Opiate antagonists can inhibit mammary tumor growth in rats.

SummaryFemale rats with carcinogen-induced mammary adenocarcinomas were injected 2-3 times daily with naloxone or naltrexone, specific antagonists of endogenous opioid peptides. Both drugs completely prevented mammary tumor growth without inducing regression of the cancers, effects believed to be due to reduced prolactin and perhaps GH secretion. These results suggest a possible role for endogenous opioid peptides in rat mammary tumor growth.
Third Parameter Classification of Transients and Novae Ejecta as Ballistically Ejected Globules

A third parameter, in addition to luminosity and rate of brightness decline, derived from the spectra of transients is suggested as a means of more accurately classifying objects in outburst. Principal component analysis of the spectra of transients is suggested as the best way to determine the third parameter. A model is suggested for novae ejecta that is based on ballistic ejection of an ensemble of globules. The distribution in sizes of the clouds should determine basic characteristics of the ejecta, including the short term brightness fluctuations of novae in decline and the location of dust formation.
Tracheal-innominate artery fistula after repair of tracheal stenosis. Problem and prevention.

Tracheal-innominate artery fistula was a lethal complication in 1 patient out of a series of 13 who have required tracheal resection and end-to-end anastomosis for symptomatic tracheal stenosis secondary to prolonged endotracheal cuff inflation. In 9 of these patients, the innominate artery was entrapped in the peritracheal fibrous tissue at the point where the innominate artery crossed the stenotic tracheal segment. In the first patient who developed this problem, we had placed only loose aerolar tissue between the innominate artery and the tracheal anastomosis at the time of tracheal repair. Ten days postoperatively he developed a fatal tracheal-innominate artery fistula. In the next 8 patients in whom the innominate artery was bound down to the tracheal scar, we have protected the thinned-out innominate artery from the tracheal repair site with a double-thickness pericardial flap. All these patients recovered and none developed a tracheal-innominate artery fistula.
Pharmacokinetics and PBPK Models

For nearly two decades, an increased emphasis has been placed on the potential health implications for children exposed to drugs or chemicals during gestation, nursing, or postnatal development. Much of our understanding of potential risks for humans comes from animal studies. However, there are significant differences between animals and humans in developmental biology that impact our ability to predict outcomes in potentially sensitive human populations. Pharmacokinetic modeling, especially physiologically based, has played an increasingly important role in understanding the complexities of our experimental animal model systems, identifying key processes that must be addressed in extrapolating to humans, and overall has improved our confidence in assessing potential health risks. In this chapter, current approaches for incorporating species-specific growth and development into pharmacokinetic models and how they may be used to predict potential health risks for children are reviewed. An emphasis was placed on summarizing key differences in anatomy, physiology, and clearance processes, and the development of databases for constructing chemical- or drug-specific physiologically based pharmacokinetic models in commonly used laboratory animals and humans.
Drug-Induced Acute Liver Failure

Drug-induced acute liver failure (ALF) disproportionately affects women and nonwhites. It is most frequently caused by antimicrobials and to a lesser extent by complementary and alternative medications, antiepileptics, antimetabolites, nonsteroidals, and statins. Most drug-induced liver injury ALF patients have hepatocellular injury pattern. Cerebral edema and intracranial hypertension are the most serious complications of ALF. Other complications include coagulopathy, sepsis, metabolic derangements, and renal, circulatory, and respiratory dysfunction. Although advances in intensive care have improved outcome, ALF has significant mortality without liver transplantation. Liver-assist devices may provide a bridge to transplant or to spontaneous recovery.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the proximal upper extremity musculature in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

There is a pressing need for biomarkers and outcomes that can be used across disease stages in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), to facilitate the inclusion of a wider range of participants in clinical trials and to improve our understanding of the natural history of DMD. Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) biomarkers show considerable promise in both the legs and forearms of individuals with DMD, but have not yet been examined in functionally important proximal upper extremity muscles such as the biceps brachii and deltoid. The primary objective of this study was to examine the feasibility of implementing qMRI and MRS biomarkers in the proximal upper extremity musculature, and the secondary objective was to examine the relationship between MR measures of arm muscle pathology and upper extremity functional endpoints. Biomarkers included MRS and MRI measures of fat fraction and transverse relaxation time (T 2). The MR exam was well tolerated in both ambulatory and non-ambulatory boys. qMR biomarkers differentiated affected and unaffected participants and correlated strongly with upper extremity function (r = 0.91 for biceps brachii T 2 versus performance of upper limb score). These qMR outcome measures could be highly beneficial to the neuromuscular disease community, allowing measurement of the quality of functionally important muscles across disease stages to understand the natural history of DMD and particularly to broaden the opportunity for clinical trial participation.
Flexible insulating papers manufactured from synthetic fibers

Since 1955 the Rogers Corporation has been engaged in research and development in the field of synthetic fiber papers. For the past 3 years this work has been aimed primarily at the development of flexible, paperlike structures suitable for use as electrical insulation in rotating machinery. This paper is intended to serve as a progress report on the work done to date.
A deeper look at torpedo maculopathy.

Torpedo maculopathy is a rare, congenital maculopathy classically diagnosed funduscopically as a ‘torpedo‐shaped’ lesion located temporal to the fovea. This case describes a torpedo maculopathy wit...
Reasons for failing offers in a Kidney Paired Donation program: A 7-year analysis

Aim Computer-identified possible Kidney Paired Donation (KPD) exchanges are presented as offers to participating transplant programs and eventually converted into transplants. We evaluated reasons why these offers failed to progress into successful transplants. Methods/Results The Alliance for Paired Donation (APD) has an optimization algorithm to generate possible KPD exchanges, which are presented to transplant centers for their review as offers. Each offer may be composed of one to multiple 1-way exchanges. We tracked the progress in moving from offers to transplants and recorded the reason for failure. Between January 2008 and August 2014, the APD made 981 offers. Of these offers 181 resulted in transplants while 800 failed, namely 268 failed for specific reasons while 529 failed as they were dependent on the same 268 1-ways. Overall, specific reasons accounted for 57% of all failures with: 25% positive flow crossmatch (FXM); 13% competing offer outside the APD; and, 19% declined of donors by transplant centers (Fig. 1). Our detail analysis showed that the 25% positive FXM with negative virtual crossmatch (VXM) correlated with an increased number of highly sensitized patients: the pool of sensitized patients with a PRA >80% has increased from 31% in 2008 to 47% in 2014. Since many patients choose to enroll in multiple KPD registries some offers resulted in futile exchanges with patients already committed to alternative exchanges. Finally, donors were declined by transplant centers. To avoid these specific reasons for failure, the APD has begun pre-review consulting about donors and recipients prior to making a formal offer. Conclusions To prevent specific reasons for failure the APD has implemented the following changes: (1) testing of all donors for HLA-DQA, DPA and DPB; (2) expansion of the donor pool to increase options for highly sensitized patients; and (3) improved coordination with other KPD programs to avoid competing offers. Download : Download full-size image
Physics of the Free Electron Laser

The free electron laser is a powerful source of tunable, coherent, electromagnetic radiation which can operate in a wavelength interval extending from about one millimeter to the VUV, and perhaps the soft X-ray, region. The efficiency of energy transfer from the electron beam to the radiation field is of the order of one per cent, but can be as high as twenty to twenty-five per cent in specially designed high power systems. The time structure of the laser beam reflects that of the electron beam. Depending on the type of accelerator used to produce the electron beam, one can build lasers with CW operation, or providing very short pulses in the nanosecond or picosecond region.
Density Tunable Graphene Aerogels Using a Sacrificial Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon

We demonstrate a new strategy to tune the density of graphene aerogels. This facile method is capable of producing graphene aerogels over a wide density range without compromising the morphology or quality of the material. Perylenetetracarboxylic acid dianydride serves as a sacrificial filler material that can be thermally decomposed to yield a graphene aerogel with tunable density.
Oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors: why don't they work?

Despite their promise as orally active potent inhibitors of platelet aggregation, the oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have failed to provide a reduction in late ischemic events. In fact, with five large-scale randomized trials now complete, including over 42000 patients, these agents have been associated with a surprising, yet consistent, excess in mortality. Peculiarly, this fatality risk has occurred in the absence of a commensurate increase in other ischemic end-points. While these findings have curtailed the further clinical development of this class of potent platelet inhibitors, the obvious dissociation between platelet suppression and adverse outcome requires further clarification. Multiple putative explanations for this excess in ischemic events with oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have been proposed, but definitive data implicating a specific mechanism are currently not available. While the lack of concurrent aspirin may account for some of this effect, it is unlikely to fully explain the mortality excess. Potential mechanisms include partial agonist activity leading to increased expression of platelet-leukocyte adhesion molecules, sub-optimal inhibition of platelet aggregation, genetic polymorphisms, especially phospholipase A2 polymorphism, and promotion of cardiac myocyte apoptosis via activation of caspase 3. Definitive elucidation of these adverse mechanisms will be required if further clinical development of the oral platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors is to be pursued.
Charge-Transfer-to-Solvent Spectrum of Thiocyanate at the Air/Water Interface Measured by Broadband Deep Ultraviolet Electronic Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy.

Measurement of interfacial electronic spectra is a powerful tool for characterizing the properties of ions in physical, biological, environmental, and industrial systems. Here, we describe measurement of the complete charge-transfer-to-solvent (CTTS) spectrum of thiocyanate at the air/water interface using our recently developed femtosecond broadband deep ultraviolet electronic sum frequency generation technique. We find that the lower energy CTTS band characterized in bulk thiocyanate spectra is not observed in the |χ(2)|2-power spectrum of the air/water interface, likely reflecting the different solvation environments, altering of the charge distribution of the ion, and possible ion-ion effects, and that sodium and potassium salts yield identical spectra. Additional experiments and comparison with theoretical calculations are necessary to extract the interesting chemical details responsible for these salient spectral differences.
Evaluation of an Electronic Health Record (EHR) Tool for Integrated Behavioral Health in Primary Care

Background: Integrating behavioral health into primary care can improve care quality; however, most electronic health records are not designed to meet the needs of integrated teams. We worked with practices and behavioral health (BH) clinicians to design a suite of electronic health record tools to address these needs (“BH e-Suite”). The purpose of this article is to examine whether implementation of the BH e-Suite changes process of care, intermediate clinical outcomes, and patient experiences, and whether its use is acceptable to practice members and BH clinicians. Methods: We conducted a convergent mixed-methods proof-of-concept study, implementing the BH e-Suite across 6 Oregon federally qualified community health centers (“intervention clinics”). We matched intervention clinics to 6 control clinics, based on location and patient panel characteristics, to assess whether process of care (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 [PHQ-9] and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 screening) and intermediate outcomes (PHQ-9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scores) changed postimplementation. Prepost patient surveys were used to assess changes in patient experience. To elucidate factors influencing implementation, we merged quantitative findings with structured observations, surveys, and interviews with practice members. Results: Implementation improved process of care (PHQ-9 screening). During the course of the study, change in intermediate outcomes was not observed. Degree of BH e-Suite implementation varied: 2 clinics fully implemented, 2 partially implemented, and 2 practices did not implement at all. Initial practice conditions (eg, low resistance to change, higher capacity), process characteristics (eg, thoughtful planning), and individual characteristics (eg, high self-efficacy) were related to degree of implementation. Conclusions: Health information technology tools designed for behavioral health integration must fit the needs of clinics for the successful uptake and improvement in patient experiences. Research is needed to further assess the effectiveness of this tool in improving patient outcomes and to optimize broader dissemination of this tool among primary care clinics integrating behavioral health.
Moisture pulse-reserve in the soil-plant continuum observed across biomes.

The degree to which individual pulses of available water drive plant activity across diverse biomes and climates is not well understood. It has previously only been investigated in a few dryland locations. Here, plant water uptake following pulses of surface soil moisture, an indicator for the pulse–reserve hypothesis, is investigated across South America, Africa and Australia with satellite-based estimates of surface soil and canopy water content. Our findings show that this behaviour is widespread: occurring over half of the vegetated landscapes. We estimate spatially varying soil moisture thresholds at which plant water uptake ceases, noting dependence on soil texture and proximity to the wilting point. The soil type and biome-dependent soil moisture threshold and the plant soil water uptake patterns at the scale of Earth system models allow a unique opportunity to test and improve model parameterization of vegetation function under water limitation. Water content in plants increasing while the surrounding soil moisture decreases, measured through remote sensing on multiple continents, may be suggestive of a pulse–reserve mechanism that has not been observed on a large spatial scale before. This behaviour, triggered or rendered inactive by certain thresholds, is seen in biomes other than arid lands.
Assessment and Evaluation of the Utah Master Naturalist Program: Implications for Targeting Audiences.

The Utah Master Naturalist Program trains citizens who provide education, outreach, and service to promote citizen stewardship of natural resources within their communities. In 2007-2008, the Watersheds module of the program was evaluated for program success, and participant knowledge was assessed. Assessment and evaluation results indicated that amateur naturalists learned more during the course of the program and also consistently evaluated the program more positively than professional naturalists. These results were used to adjust the target audience in order to maximize learning, program success, and marketing effectiveness.
Correlations between kHz QPO and Low Frequency Features Attributed to Radial Oscillations and Diffusive Propagation in the Viscous Boundary Layer Around a Neutron Star

We present a dimensional analysis of two characteristic time scales in the boundary layer where the disk adjusts to the rotating neutron star (NS). The boundary layer is treated as a transition region between the NS surface and the first Keplerian orbit. The radial transport of the angular momentum in this layer is controlled by a viscous force defined by the Reynolds number, which in turn is related to the mass accretion rate. We show that the observed low-Lorentzian frequency is associated with radial oscillations in the boundary layer, where the observed break frequency is determined by the characteristic diffusion time of the inward motion of the matter in the accretion flow. Predictions of our model regarding relations between those two frequencies and frequencies of kHz QPO's compare favorably with recent observations for the source 4U 1728-34. This Letter contains a theoretical classification of kHz QPO's in NS binaries and the related low frequency features. Thus, results concerning the relationship of the low-Lorentzian frequency of viscous oscillations and the break frequency are presented in the framework of our model of kHz QPO's viewed as Keplerian oscillations in a rotating frame of reference.
High Resolution Mapping of Human Lymphopoiesis Reveals a Common Lymphoid Progenitor (CLP) Population

Abstract In vivo reconstitution studies have established the phenotype of murine CLP, a progenitor population with restricted developmental potential for T, NK, B lymphoid and plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) lineages. Co-transplantation of murine CLP with purified HSC more rapidly restores lymphopoiesis, immune function and resistance to viral challenge in experimental models of HSC transplantation. Thus, the identification of human CLP would have translational impact in clinical HSCT. Based on the expression of IL-7Rα (CD127) as a key distinguishing marker of murine CLP, we studied the CD127+ subset of immature CD34+ Lin- CD38+ cells for lymphoid committed progenitors, comprising approximately 0.1-0.2% of total marrow. Like murine CLP, the CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127+ cells also expressed Kit and Flt3. OP9 stromal cells were transduced with a vector expressing a doxycycline inducible delta-like ligand 1 (dll1) gene to test the differentiation potential in a single-well switch culture. Progenitors co-cultured with uninduced OP9Δdll1 cells can differentiate into B and myeloid cells; after induction of dll1, the culture is permissive for T and NK differentiation in the same well. In the presence of Kit and Flt3 ligands, erythromyeloid growth factors (IL-6, IL-3, GM-CSF, EPO, TPO) and lymphoid factors (IL-7, IL-15), CD34+ Lin- CD38- CD127- HSC generated erythroid (E), myelomonocytic (MM), myeloid DC (mDC), T, NK, and B lymphocytes and pDC. In contrast, CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127+ cells generated T/NK/B/pDC progeny, distributed in varying proportions, but did not generate E/MM/mDC. Singly plated CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127+ cells generate T/NK/B cells in the same well, consistent with these cells being human CLP. CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127- "non-CLP" generated E/MM/mDC, but not T/NK/B/pDC progeny. Limiting dilution analyses under lymphoid conditions demonstrated that the CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127+ CLP had approximately 2-3-fold greater efficiency of lymphocyte generation than HSC under the same conditions. Transcriptional profiling of the human CLP showed patterns of gene expression distinct from that of HSC, CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127- progenitors and immature CD3-CD4-CD8- thymocytes. Approximately 50% of the CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127+ CLP also express CD10, a subpopulation which CyTOF analyses revealed to have other markers of B-cell commitment and/or differentiation, e.g., CD179a. Human CD34+ Lin- CD38+ CD127+ marrow cells are a unique multipotent, lymphoid-restricted progenitor population for T/NK/B/pDC cell development, and within which subsets of cells biased for individual lymphoid lineages may exist. Identification of human CLP will permit further analyses of lymphoid specification, commitment to lymphoid lineages, and potential adoptive transfer as a short-term source of polyclonal lymphocytes. Disclosures Nolan: Fluidigm: Consultancy.
The Gut Microbiota Links Dietary Polyphenols With Management of Psychiatric Mood Disorders

The pathophysiology of depression is multifactorial yet generally aggravated by stress and its associated physiological consequences. To effectively treat these diverse risk factors, a broad acting strategy is required and is has been suggested that gut-brain-axis signaling may play a pinnacle role in promoting resilience to several of these stress-induced changes including pathogenic load, inflammation, HPA-axis activation, oxidative stress and neurotransmitter imbalances. The gut microbiota also manages the bioaccessibility of phenolic metabolites from dietary polyphenols whose multiple beneficial properties have known therapeutic efficacy against depression. Although several potential therapeutic mechanisms of dietary polyphenols toward establishing cognitive resilience to neuropsychiatric disorders have been established, only a handful of studies have systematically identified how the interaction of the gut microbiota with dietary polyphenols can synergistically alleviate the biological signatures of depression. The current review investigates several of these potential mechanisms and how synbiotics, that combine probiotics with dietary polyphenols, may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for depression. In particular, synbiotics have the potential to alleviate neuroinflammation by modulating microglial and inflammasome activation, reduce oxidative stress and balance serotonin metabolism therefore simultaneously targeting several of the major pathological risk factors of depression. Overall, synbiotics may act as a novel therapeutic paradigm for neuropsychiatric disorders and further understanding the fundamental mechanisms of gut-brain-axis signaling will allow full utilization of the gut microbiota's as a therapeutic tool.
The Energy Levels of the Carbon Monoxide Molecule

IN a recent communication (NATURE, 116, 170, 1925) I gave formulae for the two band systems (or “groups”) associated with ionised carbon monoxide. These formulae were afterwards verified (NATURE, 116, 207, 1925) by the discovery of “combination” bands due to the third possible transition between the three known energy levels. These electronic levels may be called X′, AX′, and BX′, in order of increasing energy. AX′ is a double level of spacing 126 cm. -1, while XX′ and BX′ are single. The AX′-XX′ transition gives the comet-tail bands, the BX′-XX′ transition the first negative group of carbon, and the BX′-AX′ transition the new Baldet-Johnson combination bands.
Unreading Beirut In The Age Of Disaster Capitalism: Jorj Abou Mhaya’s "Madinah Mujawirah Lil Ard"

This essay examines how Jorg Abou Mhaya’s Madinah Mujawirah lil Ard [City Neighbouring the Earth] depicts a series of crucial ruptures in traditional collective identities, which are connected dire...
An Exploratory Study of the Research on Caregiver Depression: Using Bibliometrics and LDA Topic Modeling

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to provide readers with a comprehensive overview of scholarly work on the depression of caregivers using bibliometrics and text mining. Methods: A total of 426 articles published between 2000 and 2018 were retrieved from the Clarivate Analytics Web of Science, and then, computer-aided bibliometric analysis as well as Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling were conducted on the collection of the data. Results: Descriptive statistics on the increasing number of publications, network analysis of scientific collaboration between countries, word co-occurrence analysis, conceptual structure, and six latent topics (k = 6) identified are discussed. Conclusions: Preventing or managing depression among caregivers is a growing field with the highest priority for the aging population. In the future, collaborating between countries and reflecting cultural backgrounds in caregiver depression research are needed. This study is expected to contribute to the field of psychological distress of caregivers in looking a big picture of the current position through data-driven analysis and moving forward towards a better direction.
Motor Cortex Function in APOE4 Carriers and Noncarriers.

Purpose The e4 allele of the apolipoprotein-E gene has been associated with disease activity including Alzheimer disease, multiple sclerosis, and cardiovascular disease. Individuals who possess the e4 variant of this gene (e4 carriers) also demonstrate higher levels of cognitive impairment and lower motor scores compared with noncarriers. The purpose of this study was to establish whether there is a difference in motor cortex function between apoe4 carriers and noncarriers. We hypothesized that carriers would have lower levels of excitability and excitatory transmitter (glutamate) and similar levels of intracortical inhibition and inhibitory neurotransmitter (gamma-aminobutyric acid) than noncarriers. Methods Fifty-two participants provided saliva samples to determine apoe4 carrier status. Measures of motor cortex excitability and inhibition were obtained using transcranial magnetic stimulation, and measures of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations were obtained using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results No significant differences in transcranial magnetic stimulation (P ≥ 0.19) or proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy measures (P ≥ 0.90) were found between carriers and noncarriers. Conclusions The results from this study suggest that motor cortex function, as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation measures of excitability and inhibition, and MRS measures of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter are similar in those who possess an apoe4 allele and those who do not.
Evaluating the Extended Parallel Process Model's Danger Control Predictions in the Context of Dense Breast Notification Laws.

This study evaluates predictions central to the extended parallel process model (EPPM) in the context of dense breast notifications. Many EPPM propositions have gone untested and competing predictions to the model have been evaluated to an even lesser extent. Also left as an open question is exactly how perceived threat and efficacy constructs should be treated in health communication research. Using experimental data collected from women likely to receive dense breast notification letters (i.e., aged 40 to 50 years) in states with and without dense breast notification legislation, this study explicitly tests EPPM predictions regarding danger control responses. These data were largely unsupportive of the EPPM's predictions and instead finds that negative affect is more of a direct predictor of intention than expected. These data also provide evidence supporting the separate treatment of the perceived severity, susceptibility, self-efficacy, and response efficacy variables, contrary to convention in EPPM research. Implications for breast density research and EPPM theorizing are discussed in light of these findings.
Phase Selection and Structure of Low-Defect-Density γ-Al2O3 Created by Epitaxial Crystallization of Amorphous Al2O3

A multistep phase sequence following the crystallization of amorphous Al2O3 via solid-phase epitaxy (SPE) points to methods to create low-defect-density thin films of the metastable cubic γ-Al2O3 polymorph. An amorphous Al2O3 thin film on a (0001) α-Al2O3 sapphire substrate initially transforms upon heating to form epitaxial γ-Al2O3, followed by a transformation to monoclinic θ-Al2O3, and eventually to α-Al2O3. Epitaxial γ-Al2O3 layers with low mosaic widths in X-ray rocking curves can be formed via SPE by crystallizing the γ-Al2O3 phase from amorphous Al2O3 and avoiding the microstructural inhomogeneity arising from the spatially inhomogeneous transformation to θ-Al2O3. A complementary molecular dynamics (MD) simulation indicates that the amorphous layer and γ-Al2O3 have similar Al coordination geometry, suggesting that γ-Al2O3 forms in part because it involves the minimum rearrangement of the initially amorphous configuration. The lattice parameters of γ-Al2O3 are consistent with a structure in which the majority of the Al vacancies in the spinel structure occupy sites with tetrahedral coordination, consistent with the MD results. The formation of Al vacancies at tetrahedral spinel sites in epitaxial γ-Al2O3 can minimize the epitaxial elastic deformation of γ-Al2O3 during crystallization.
The Value of Communication During a Pandemic

We show that communication interventions – which have become globally pervasive during the COVID-19 pandemic – promote individuals' consumption and psychological well-being. Partnering with a major telecommunication company, we field communication programs that provide either a “lump-sum mobile phone calling credit” or “monthly tranches of mobile phone calling credit” to a nationally representative set of low-income adults in Ghana during the crises. Individuals' inability to make unexpected calls, unexpected need to borrow SOS airtime, and to seek digital loans decreased dramatically relative to a control group. As a result, the programs led to a significant decrease in mental distress (-9.8%) and the likelihood of severe mental distress by -2.7 percentage points (quarter the mean prevalence), with null impact on consumption expenditure. Monthly mobile credits are more likely than lump-sum mobile credits to “sustain” larger impacts, suggesting that individuals may face time inconsistency and /or social pressure problems. We emphasize the value of communication and need for many installments of communication transfers during pandemics.
Designing an Appropriate Climate Health Interface for Guided Self-Diagnosis in Low-income Communities within Nigeria

In Nigeria, many climate-related illnesses affect the health and well-being of vulnerable populations in low income communities. Due to high upfront costs and substandard facilities, low-income healthcare relies on self-diagnoses and self-medication which is often inaccurate. Furthermore, due to high illiteracy levels, multiple Nigerian languages, and a low technology adoption rate - especially in older generations - traditional telemedicine application interfaces may be unsuccessful in promoting easy usage and comprehension by the target population. Consequently, this research proposes the development of an algorithmically guided self-diagnostic tool to increase accuracy in self-diagnosis and provide more affordable means to healthcare. The preliminary process described in this paper involves determining the appropriate form of information transfer to the multiple user types within this study population. A remote user-interview was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of visuals, text, and a combination of both, in representing medical and technical jargon. Findings indicated that a combination of visuals and text in lay terms was most effective in communication, and the placement of the text in the background was more efficient at information transfer and comprehension of technical jargon and descriptions. These findings will support next steps for selecting an appropriate self-diagnostic interface for Nigeria.
Puerto Rico’s Debt: Still Foreign in a Domestic Sense

Puerto Rico, an unincorporated U.S. territory containing over three million American citizens, is suffering from a humanitarian and economic disaster unparalleled in United States history. After a decade of economic recession, Puerto Rico declared that its debts could not be repaid, setting the stage for the largest debt restructuring in U.S. history. In addition, the Caribbean island has been frequently assailed by natural disasters, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. In response to the Commonwealth’s economic crises, Congress passed PROMESA in 2016 to establish an Oversight Board to oversee the restructuring process and to reform core government processes. The Board’s task is to help Puerto Rico achieve fiscal responsibility and regain access to the capital markets. This solution, however, is unprecedented, and has faced numerous and ongoing constitutional challenges. Most recently, the Oversight Board overcame an existential challenge under the Appointments Clause. In Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Aurelius Investment, LLC, the Supreme Court upheld the Board’s constitutionality, but in so doing, reminded Puerto Ricans that they in effect remain foreign in a domestic sense to the United States. In this vein, this Note addresses the antecedents of Puerto Rico’s economic collapse, its ongoing territorial relationship with the United States, and discusses the extent to which the island’s economic collapse and quasi-sovereign debt restructuring are tied directly to this pseudo-colonial relationship.