cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual and non-dual ontology in Satre and Mahāyāna Buddhism

This paper examines Sartre's dualistic ontology in the light of the non-duality asserted by Mahāyāna Buddhism. In the first section, I show, against the objection of Hazel E. Barnes, that Sartre and Buddhism have comparable theories of consciousness. The second section discusses Steven W. Laycock's use of Zen philosophy to solve the Sartrean metaphysical problem regarding the origin of being for-itself. This solution involves rejecting the ontological priority of being in-itself in favor of the Buddhist understanding of interdependent origination (pratītya-samutpāda) and emptiness (śūnyatā). Finally, I explain how this aspect of Buddhist thought is consistent with Sartre's ontology, thus making an acceptable solution. This consistency is possible if we understand Sartre's ontology as provisionally true in a sense gleaned from the Mādhyamika and Yogācāra schools of Indian Buddhism, which were influential to the formation of Zen philosophy.
The International Monetary System and the Erosion of Sovereignty: Essay in Honor of Cynthia Lichtenstein

When the major international organizations were established at the close of World War II, it was understood that they were concerned with international relations-political, economic, and social. As was made explicit in the U.N. Charter, but applicable in all the organizations, matters "essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state" were not the concern of the international organizations or the international community. In particular, the International Monetary Fund was to focus on member states' balance of payments, exchange rates, and exchange controls, but not on their domestic policies or priorities. Gradually, it became clear that the wall between domestic and international policies could not be maintained. As the IMF moved to a regime of conditionality for the use of its resources, and thereafter to performance targets and deadlines, domestic policies of states became subjects of examination in ever increasing detail. Not only national budgets, taxes, and the money supply, but subsidies, wage policies, competition law, corporate governance, even accounting practices and regulatory reform became subject to scrutiny, negotiation and commitment. The Essay does not condemn this erosion of sovereignty, but points out that neither the member states nor the IMF have come up with a new theory to reflect the new reality, or reached agreement on where a new boundary may be set between national and international concerns.
A Fabric Denuder for Sampling Semi-Volatile Species

A new style of diffusion denuder has been evaluated specifically for sampling HNO3. A coated fabric is used as the denuder substrate, which can be loaded directly into a standard filter holder. This approach allows direct denuder sampling with no additional capital costs over filter sampling and simplifies the coating and extraction process. Potential denuder materials and coatings were evaluated in the laboratory to test the removal efficiency. NaCl coatings were used to assess more than 20 materials for HNO3 collection efficiency. Particle retention, which would cause a denuder to have a positive bias for gas concentration measurements, was evaluated by ambient air sampling using particulate sulfate as the reference aerosol. Particle retention varied from 0 to 15%, depending on the denuder material tested. The best performing material showed an average particle retention of less than 3%. Denuder efficiency of four fabric materials was tested under ambient conditions to determine removal efficiency. The fabric denuder method was compared with a long path-length Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer (TDLAS), and a denuder difference sampler to independently measure HNO3. HNO3 collection efficiency was typically 90% for the denuders, whether coated with NaCl or not. For 10-L/min sampling rates with the fabric denuder, the square of the correlation coefficient with the FTIR spectrometer was 0.73, compared to 0.24 with the TDLAS.
The Naked Truth: Examining Prevailing Practices in Short Sales and the Resultant Voter Disenfranchisement

This article surveys some of the existing literature on short-selling as well as new evidence of the market phenomenon known as naked short selling. It examines naked shorting and how it differs from conventional short selling of equity shares and goes on to detail the pervasiveness of naked shorting, the process by which it occurs, and its impact on security analysis, equity valuation, and corporate governance. The impact naked shorting has on the markets, regulators, and investors is significant both in scope and in breadth, particularly with respect to the amount of dollars and the number of investors involved. This article explores previously offered explanations of short sale constraints through a perspective independent of heterogeneous agents or beliefs about asset payoffs subject to short sale constraints. In this framework, the beliefs of optimistic, pessimistic, or rational investors are marginalized, as are their ownership rights.
Company Perceptions of Comparative Advantage by Region

DEBBAGE K. and REES J. (1991) Company perceptions of comparative advantage by region, Reg. Studies 25, 199–206. This paper considers differences in comparative advantage as perceived by companies in similar industries but different locations. Based on evidence from 160 companies located in: the manufacturing heartland of Ohio, New York, and Pennsylvania; California; and the less industrial states of the US, it is argued that proximity to both markets and suppliers plays a powerful role in explaining perceived comparative advantage. Firms located in both the manufacturing heartland and California were more likely to perceive a comparative advantage in proximity than were companies located in the less industrial states. Other factors that played an important role include product price and labour costs. DEBBAGE K. et REES J. (1991) Les perceptions des entreprises de l'avantage comparatif regional, Reg. Studies 25, 199–206. Cet article considere la variation de l'avantage comparatif en fonction des perception...
Dissolution of forsteritic olivine at 65°C and 2<pH<5

Abstract Dissolution experiments with forsteritic olivine (Fo 91 ) were conducted in a batch reactor at a temperature of 65°C between pH 2 and 5. Constant pH was maintained by using a pH-stat technique. The following dissolution rate law for forsteritic olivine at 65°C and acid pH was derived based on the experimental results normalized to the initial surface area: r=10 −8.51 (a H+ ) 0.70 where r is rate in mol forsteritic olivine/cm 2 /s. Our results, combined with data from the literature for forsteritic olivine dissolution at 25°C, show that the pH-dependence of forsteritic olivine dissolution is temperature-dependent. As temperature increases, the dissolution rate of forsteritic olivine becomes more pH-dependent, which is consistent with a surface protonation model for dissolution at pH pznpc . The activation energy of dissolution, E a , has been estimated based on our results and literature data at 30±4 kcal/mol. We also observed that at pH between 2 and 4 and at 65°C, the release rates of Mg, Si and Fe were stoichiometric. However, at pH 5, the release rate of Fe was slower than that of Mg and Si, probably due to oxidation of the mineral surface. Results of several dissolution experiments in the presence of Al in solution (pH 3, 0.03–10 ppm Al) show that the dissolution rate of forsteritic olivine under the experimental conditions is independent of Al concentration within the experimental error. This result may indicate that Al does not form strong crosslinks to the unpolymerized surface of orthosilicates such as forsteritic olivine, and therefore does not retard the dissolution of this phase under the experimental conditions.
Using a knowledge learning framework to predict errors in database design

Conceptual data modeling is a critical but difficult part of database development. Little research has attempted to find the underlying causes of the cognitive challenges or errors made during this stage. This paper describes a Modeling Expertise Framework (MEF) that uses modeler expertise to predict errors based on the revised Bloom's taxonomy (RBT). The utility of RBT is in providing a classification of cognitive processes that can be applied to knowledge activities such as conceptual modeling. We employ the MEF to map conceptual modeling tasks to different levels of cognitive complexity and classify current modeler expertise levels. An experimental exercise confirms our predictions of errors. Our work provides an understanding into why novices can handle entity classes and identifying binary relationships with some ease, but find other components like ternary relationships difficult. We discuss implications for data modeling training at a novice and intermediate level, which can be extended to other areas of Information Systems education and training.
Quantifying DNA damage by gel electrophoresis, electronic imaging and number-average length analysis

DNA damages that can be converted to single- or double strand breaks can be quantified by separating DNA by gel electrophoresis and obtaining a quantitative image of the resulting distribution of DNA in the gel. We review the theory of this method and discuss its implementation, including the charge-coupled device (CCD) camera systems we developed to acquire images of fluorophore labeled DNA.
28-nm HKMG GHz digital sensor for detecting dynamic voltage drops in testing for peak power optimization

We propose a dynamic voltage-drop sensor, which is fully digital so that it is easy to design into products and use for testing. The 2.4K-gate GHz sensor exploits the difference in the voltage sensitivity between two paths composed of different types of standard cells. We have fabricated a test chip in a 28-nm HKMG process and confirmed its feasibility. This sensor can be used to evaluate optimal activity rates and peak power in scan testing.
Learned helplessness, depression, and physiological responding.

The present study was designed to assess whether the physiological correlates of learned helplessness are similar to the physiological response patterns found in naturally occurring depression. One group of subjects was pretreated with a series of inescapable aversive tones, and the degree of impairment measured on a subsequent solvable anagram solution task. These subjects were compared to a group pretreated with escapable aversive tones, and a control group which passively listened to the tones without attempting to escape them. Half of the subjects in each group were depressed as measured on the Beck Depression Inventory; the other half were nondepressed. Results indicated that depressed-control group subjects demonstrated impaired performance at solving anagrams relative to nondepressed-control group subjects. Inescapable noise produced parallel deficits in nondepressed subjects, thus demonstrating a similarity of impairment in naturally occurring depression and laboratory-induced learned helplessness. More importantly, findings indicated that learned helplessness was associated with less phasic skin conductance responding, while depression was associated with greater responding to uncontrollable aversive events. These data suggest that there may be different underlying deficits involved in depression and learned helplessness.
Structural Vibration Of Space Power Station Systems

In this paper the vibration research being conducted at Auburn in regard to both the vibration prediction and the vibration control of large flexible structures is discussed. This research work has been carried out in the following areas each of which is reviewed briefly. A finite element model of the vibratory response of large flexible spacecraft truss structures to systems of applied forces representing machinery forces and maneuvers has been developed. Predictions on the pointing accuracy and tip displacement of such structures to assumed maneuvering and machinery force inputs is presented. A study of the response of structures to traveling loads is also underway. An analytical model using spatial/temporal Finite Element method is di cussed. The motivation of this study is the determination and minimization of the response of a structure such as an electromagnetic launcher system to the traveling loads imposed by the projectiles. Another area of study has been the optimization of space structures to minimize dynamic response. The goal of this study is to optimize the location of the masses (such as power generating equipment and other systems that would be positioned on the space structure) in order to obtain minimum dynamic response. The vibration response of structures can be minimized by the use of passive damping techniques. One area of study is the modeling of interfacial passive damping in composite materials. Because of lack of passive energy dissipation mechanisms in space, even small disturbances can lead to motions sufficiently large to be detrimental to the performance requirements (of the structures) such as precision pointing in a micro-gravity environment. In such cases an active vibration control system can be added to the passive damping devices to enhance system performance. Hence work in the area of active vibration control is in progress. A new approach to active vibration control based on wave cancellation techniques is also presented.
Uptake of horseradish peroxidase from perilymph by cochlear hair cells

Abstract The specific mechanisms involved in the uptake of an exogenous protein, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), by cochlear hair cells were studied morphologically in light and electron microscopy. HRP was internalized by coated vesicles which formed from the plasma membrane only in the basal portion of the hair cells. Inner hair cells demonstrated relatively greater uptake than adjacent outer hair cells. The lateral plasma membrane of outer hair cells was unique in that reaction product was never bound to this portion of the membrane. Subsequent to endocytosis, HRP was transported to the Golgi and its associated system of cndoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes. The exogenous protein was sequestered in a striking accumulation of secondary lysosomes and multivesicular bodies which were restricted to the infracuticular region of the hair cells and persisted for periods of at least 72 h after introduction of HRP. It is not clear whether the hair cells were slowly degrading the HRP or if the lysosomal enzymes necessary for its breakdown were lacking. The pathway demonstrated by HRP uptake and intracellular transport may represent one route by which macromolecules requisite for basic metabolic or nutritional requirements of the hair cells are supplied from the perilymph.
The notion of a production function

The mathematical notion of the production function is developed to relate input and output rates for unconstrained technological possibilities. It is shown that the structure of production may be expressed interchangeably, either by postulating the existence of a production functionΦ (X) satisfying certain properties or by a family of production possibility setsL (U), whenU is output rate,X is a vector of input rates,L (U) is the set of input rate vectors yielding at leastU, and\(\Phi (X) = \mathop {Max U}\limits_{L(U) \supset X} \). A class of production functions called homothetic is defined. This class is particularly useful in economic studies.
Environmental influence on photosynthetic efficiency

Abstract Photosynthesis is arguably the single most important metabolic process on earth. Through a series of reactions, ranging from 10 −15 sec for absorption of light to 10 6 sec for primary productivity of a field crop, atmospheric CO 2 is assimilated into carbohydrate necessary for the sustenance of all life forms. The process involves movement of electrons from water to CO 2 through a series of charge transfer reactions. The ultimate source of energy to drive these reactions is solar energy absorbed by a collection of light-harvesting pigment-proteins and specialized reaction centers. Approximately half of the solar irradiance is useful in photosynthesis, but of this only 2–3% is converted into organic matter. Usually, light does not limit photosynthesis, but other environmental factors do, most often CO 2 and water availability. Three different biochemical pathways for CO 2 assimilation have independently evolved. These provide C 3 , C 4 and CAM plants (names designating the different means of assimilating CO 2 ) with adaptive advantages under the various environmental conditions encountered by plants in nature. Our current understanding of the photosynthetic light and carbon-fixing reactions now permits a closer look at responses of photosynthesis to changes in the environment, particularly with regard to making predictive models for absolute efficiencies of light, CO 2 and water utilization.
Direct Computation of Geostrophic Winds from Observed Winds Using the Balance Equation

Abstract In certain meteorological problems it is desirable to make a grid-point analysis of observed winds. In order to combine a wind analysis with other quantities, or to use the wind analysis in a numerical model, one may wish to know the geostrophic winds (or the heights) that conform to the analyzed winds. Many previous studies have shown that the balance equation accurately describes relationships between winds and the height field. In this paper the balance equation is used to equate geostrophic vorticity at each grid point to a sum of terms evaluated from the wind analysis. Then the geostrophic winds are found by altering an initial guess field of zonal and meridional wind components until the geostrophic vorticity and divergence required at each point are met within a close tolerance. The final wind vectors are a geostrophic field that conforms to the original wind analysis according to the balance equation. Typical examples are shown of geostrophic wind vectors computed by this method in a slop...
An environmental disinfection odyssey: evaluation of sequential interventions to improve disinfection of Clostridium difficile isolation rooms.

Objective.Effective disinfection of hospital rooms after discharge of patients with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is necessary to prevent transmission. We evaluated the impact of sequential cleaning and disinfection interventions by culturing high-touch surfaces in CDI rooms after cleaning.Design.Prospective intervention.Setting.A Veterans Affairs hospital.Interventions.During a 21-month period, 3 sequential tiered interventions were implemented: (1) fluorescent markers to provide monitoring and feedback on thoroughness of cleaning facility-wide, (2) addition of an automated ultraviolet radiation device for adjunctive disinfection of CDI rooms, and (3) enhanced standard disinfection of CDI rooms, including a dedicated daily disinfection team and implementation of a process requiring supervisory assessment and clearance of terminally cleaned CDI rooms. To determine the impact of the interventions, cultures were obtained from CDI rooms after cleaning and disinfection.Results.The fluorescent marker intervention improved the thoroughness of cleaning of high-touch surfaces (from 47% to 81% marker removal; P .001), and 89% (P = .006) with interventions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. During the baseline period, 67% of CDI rooms had positive cultures after disinfection, whereas during interventions periods 1, 2, and 3 the percentages of CDI rooms with positive cultures after disinfection were reduced to 57%, 35%, and 7%, respectively.Conclusions.An intervention that included formation of a dedicated daily disinfection team and implementation of a standardized process for clearing CDI rooms achieved consistent CDI room disinfection. Culturing of CDI rooms provides a valuable tool to drive improvements in environmental disinfection.
Semigroup integrability of point-form dynamics

We study the integrability of Poincare algebras for a collection of interacting particles. Using point-form dynamics, we will explicitly construct a pair of rigged Hilbert spaces in which a subset of the Poincare algebra integrates to a differentiable representation of the causal Poincare semigroup, the semidirect product of the Lorentz group and the semigroup of spacetime translations into the forward light cone. We will also give an example of a rigged Hilbert space in which the point-form algebra integrates to a differentiable representation of the Poincare group. The representations of the Poincare semigroup provide a means of understanding relativistic resonances and decaying states by way of a unified state vector description and thereby uniquely and unambiguously defining their mass, width and lifetime.
Slit/Robo pathway: a promising therapeutic target for cancer

Axon guidance molecules, slit glycoprotein (Slit) and Roundabout receptor (Robo), have implications in the regulation of physiological processes. Recent studies indicate that Slit and Robo also have important roles in tumorigenesis, cancer progression and metastasis. The Slit/Robo pathway can be considered a master regulator for multiple oncogenic signaling pathways. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review on the role of these molecules and their associated signaling pathways in cancer progression and metastasis. Overall, the current available data suggest that the Slit/Robo pathway could be a promising target for development of anticancer drugs.
New advances in correlation filters

We consider new correlation filters for all levels of scene analysis such as clutter reduction and object detection, recognition, and identification. A hierarchical inference set of such filters allows scene analysis on a unified multifunctional correlator architecture. It has applications in robotics, computer vision, optical character recognition, reconnaissance, and target recognition. Present digital processors can now achieve correlations in real time and hence such filters are of importance.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
THE EFFECT OF DESOXYCORTICOSTERONE ACETATE ON TESTIS SIZE AND FUNCTION IN THE COCKERELY1

Desoxycorticosterone acetate (DCA) administered to baby chicks produced striking enlargement of the testes. Histologically this was shown to be due primarily to distention of the seminiferous tubules by intraluminal fluid. In terms of comb weight, DCA was weakly androgenic in small doses, and in larger doses it inhibited comb growth. The latter effect probably resulted from interference with endogenous androgen production.
Sex differences in mental abilities: g masks the dimensions on which they lie

Abstract Empirical data suggest that there is at most a very small sex difference in general mental ability, but men clearly perform better on visuospatial tasks while women clearly perform better on tests of verbal usage and perceptual speed. In this study, we integrated these overall findings with predictions based on the Verbal–Perceptual–Rotation (VPR) model ([Johnson, W., and Bouchard, T. J. (2005a). Constructive replication of the visual–perceptual–image rotation (VPR) model in Thurstone's (1941) battery of 60 tests of mental ability. Intelligence, 33, 417–430.; Johnson, W., and Bouchard, T. J. (2005b). The structure of human intelligence: It's verbal, perceptual, and image rotation (VPR), not fluid and crystallized. Intelligence, 33. 393–416.]) of the structure of mental abilities. We examined the structure of abilities after removing the effects of general intelligence, identifying three underlying dimensions termed rotation–verbal, focus–diffusion, and memory. Substantial sex differences appeared to lie along all three dimensions, with men more likely to be positioned towards the rotation and focus poles of those dimensions, and women displaying generally greater memory. At the level of specific ability tests, there were greater sex differences in residual than full test scores, providing evidence that general intelligence serves as an all-purpose problem solving ability that masks sex differences in more specialized abilities. The residual ability factors we identified showed strong genetic influences comparable to those for full abilities, indicating that the residual abilities have some basis in brain structure and function.
Defining the Factors That Contribute to On-Target Specificity of Antisense Oligonucleotides

To better understand the factors that influence the activity and specificity of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), we designed a minigene encoding superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD-1) and cloned the minigene into vectors for T7 transcription of pre-mRNA and splicing in a nuclear extract or for stable integration in cells. We designed a series of ASOs that covered the entire mRNA and determined the binding affinities and activities of the ASOs in a cell-free system and in cells. The mRNA bound known RNA-binding proteins on predicted binding sites in the mRNA. The higher order structure of the mRNA had a significantly greater effect than the RNA-binding proteins on ASO binding affinities as the ASO activities in cells and in the cell-free systems were consistent. We identified several ASOs that exhibited off-target hybridization to the SOD-1 minigene mRNA in the cell-free system. Off-target hybridization occurred only at highly accessible unstructured sites in the mRNA and these interactions were inhibited by both the higher order structure of the mRNA and by RNA-binding proteins. The same off-target hybridization interactions were identified in cells that overexpress E. coli RNase H1. No off-target activity was observed for cells expressing only endogenous human RNase H1. Neither were these off-target heteroduplexes substrates for recombinant human RNase H1 under multiple-turnover kinetics suggesting that the endogenous enzyme functions under similar kinetic parameters in cells and in the cell-free system. These results provide a blueprint for design of more potent and more specific ASOs.
Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 59

Experimental data pertaining to all nuclei with mass number A=59 have been evaluated. Level schemes from both radioactive decay and reaction studies are presented, along with associated tables of experimental data and adopted properties for levels and # rays. This evaluation for A=59, which considers data received by 8 February 2002, supersedes the 1993 evaluation (with a literature cutoff date of August 1993) by Coral M. Baglin, published in update mode in Nuclear Data Sheets 69, 733 (1993).
Digital bridge for ultralow temperature thermometry

Abstract A transparent replacement for the usual set of precision ratio transformers within ultralow temperature thermometry systems is described. This new device uses digital electronics to both lower costs and to provide local intelligence for greater flexibility. The device has been used in our experiments on superfluid 3He without the difficulties usually attendant with interfacing computers to ultralow temperature apparatuses.
Evolution of Marginal Basins

THE occurrence immediately behind island arcs of small ocean basins such as the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk is linked with the evolution of lithospheric features of the Earth, and probably the convection currents in the mantle1. More recent oceanographic data together with global tectonic hypotheses2 have renewed geophysical interest in these basins. We wish to present a model for their formation and evolution.
Chemical ionization mass spectral characteristics of analogs of steviol, the aglycone of the plant‐derived sweetening agent, stevioside

The use the naturally occurring ent-kaurene diterpene glycoside, stevioside, as a sucrose substitute in several countries has resulted in the need for improved methods to analyze its potential metabolites. Altogether 21 diterpenes related in structure to steviol, the aglycone of stevioside, have been subjected to desorption chemical ionization mass spectrometry using methane, ammonia and dimethyl ether as reagent gases. Both methane and ammonia provided the molecular weights of these derivatives, but failed to produce any adduct ions of particular diagnositc value for differentiating compounds in the steviol series. On the other hand, dimethyl ether produced positive ion chemical ionization spectra that differed according to the nature of the functional groups represented among the steviol derivatives examined. Prominent adduct ions observed using dimethyl ether were [M + 1 − 18]+, [M + 1]+, [M + 45 − 32]+, [M + 45]+ and [M + 47]+. Mechanisms have been proposed for the formation of these adducts.
Heat and light thematised in the modern architecture of Houston

Mid-twentieth-century modern architecture in Houston thematised responsiveness to the natural phenomena of heat and light despite the fact that Houston's most celebrated modern buildings were designed to be completely reliant on central air-conditioning. An examination of Houston buildings constructed from the late 1940s through the 1960s demonstrates the ways in which modern architects sought to privilege the architectural recognition of regional climatic difference while also employing modern technology to alleviate local climatic extremes of heat and humidity. The spectacular modern buildings that represent this era in Houston raise crucial questions: How did architects reconcile the doctrine of climatic responsiveness to the equally modern desire for maximum transparency? What proved more compelling: responsiveness to local circumstance or the imperatives of modern structural and mechanical engineering? Did modern architects perceive that there might be contradictions between responsiveness to climate...
Computer aided approach for design and optimization of cold forging sequences for automotive parts

Abstract Over the past few years computer aided engineering techniques have been widely used for research in metal forming. Amongst them finite element analyses have been greatly successful in providing understanding of metal flow and die stresses for different forming processes. However, little work has been done in the integration of analysis and optimal design because of the computational intensity of such problems. This paper describes a new method for design optimization of process variables in cold forging sequences. To minimized the possibility of the initiation of tensile fracture in the outer race preform of a constant velocity joint manufactured by cold forming operations, an adaptive Micro Genetic Algorithm was implemented. The chosen design variables were the preform diameter, the maximum number of forming operations, the number of extrusion and upset operations, the amount of area reduction in each pass, the amount of upset in each upset, and the included angles in the extrusion and upset dies. Significant reduction in the maximum damage value was achieved as a result of this optimization process.
Pulling Museum Education Purse Strings

AbstractThrough experience as the Chief Financial Officer of the Los Angeles Opera, the author gives tips to educators in other non-profits, such as new ways to approach expense cutting in times when all budgets are shrinking.
On the occurrence of two types of argyrophil cells in the pancreatic islets of the holocephalan fish, Hydrolagus colliei

Abstract Sequential staining of tissue sections with silver impregnation (Hellman and Hellerstrom's method), pseudoisocyanin and aldehyde fuchsin has resulted in the demonstration of two types of argyrophil cells in the pancreatic islets of the ratfish, Hydrolagus colliei . One type, accounting for approximately 50% of all islet cells, is identical to the x-cells described by Fujita in the pancreatic islets of a closely-related species, Chimaera monstrosa . The second category of argyrophil cells corresponds to the δ-cells described in Chimaera . The present morphological evidence suggests that the two types of argyrophil cells may be functionally independent and that they may be involved in hormone production.
Using modeling to generate alternatives (MGA) to expand our thinking on energy futures

article i nfo Energy-economy optimization models - encoded with a set of structured, self-consistent assumptions and decision rules - have emerged as a key tool for the analysis of energy and climate policy at the national and international scale. Given the expansive system boundaries and multi-decadal timescales involved, addressing future uncertainty in these models is a critical challenge. The approach taken by many modelers is to build larger models with greater complexity to deal with structural uncertainty, and run a few highly detailed scenarios under different input assumptions to address parametric uncertainty. The result is often large and inflexible models used to conduct analysis that offers little insight. This paper introduces a technique borrowed from the operations research literature called modeling to generate alternatives (MGA) as a way to flex energy models and systematically explore the feasible, near-optimal solution space in order to develop alternatives that are maximally different in decision space but perform well with regard to the modeled objectives. The resultant MGA alternatives serve a useful role by challenging preconceptions and highlighting plausible alternative futures. A simple, conceptual model of the U.S. electric sector is presented to demonstrate the utility of MGA as an energy modeling technique. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of brain lipid extracts on reproduction in the laboratory rat.

Abstract Pregnant rats were given daily subcutaneous injections of lipid extracts from different regions of bovine brain. 1. 1. Extracts from whole hypothalamus administered for 4 days beginning on the day of mating did not interfere with the rate of embryonic development trough Day 5 of pregnancy. 2. 2. When treatment continued through Day 17 of pregnancy, then was discontinued and the animals allowed to litter, the number of normal offspring born was significantly reduced compared with their controls. 3. 3. The active principle(s) were present in extracts from the anterior hypothalamus but not from posterior hypothalamus or cerebral cortex.
SECTION OF GEOLOGICAL SCIENCES: THE NATURE OF GEOLOGY AND ITS PLACE AMONG THE NATURAL SCIENCES*

To learn without thinking is useless; to think without learning is dangerous Confucius
L-tyrosine production by deregulated strains of Escherichia coli.

The excretion of the aromatic amino acid l-tyrosine was achieved by manipulating three gene targets in the wild-type Escherichia coli K12: The feedback-inhibition-resistant (fbr) derivatives of aroG and tyrA were expressed on a low-copy-number vector, and the TyrR-mediated regulation of the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis was eliminated by deleting the tyrR gene. The generation of this l-tyrosine producer, strain T1, was based only on the deregulation of the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway, but no structural genes in the genome were affected. A second tyrosine over-producing strain, E. coli T2, was generated considering the possible limitation of precursor substrates. To enhance the availability of the two precursor substrates phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose-4-phosphate, the ppsA and the tktA genes were over-expressed in the strain T1 background, increasing l-tyrosine production by 80% in 50-ml batch cultures. Fed-batch fermentations revealed that l-tyrosine production was tightly correlated with cell growth, exhibiting the maximum productivity at the end of the exponential growth phase. The final l-tyrosine concentrations were 3.8 g/l for E. coli T1 and 9.7 g/l for E. coli T2 with a yield of l-tyrosine per glucose of 0.037 g/g (T1) and 0.102 g/g (T2), respectively.
THE CANINE LATERAL THORACIC RADIOGRAPH

Selected structures seen on right and left lateral thoracic radiographs of 12 dogs were evaluated for differences in position, size, and shape. The size and position of the cardiac silhouette were different when thoracic radiographs made in left and right lateral recumbency were compared. These changes were, however, considered insignificant. The position of the right cranial lobe bronchus relative to the left varied in right lateral recumbency and left lateral recumbency. The right cranial lung lobe was better aerated when dogs were positioned in left lateral recumbency. Lesions seen in the caudal portion of the left cranial lung lobe or the right middle lobe were masked when the affected lobe was dependent, and enhanced when the affected lung lobe was non-dependent. It is believed that this difference occurred due to compression of the dependent lung with greater aeration of the non-dependent lung.
Re-evaluation of retention of the beet yellows virus by green peach aphids under fasting and feeding conditions.

Abstract In repeated trials on the retention of inoculativity of green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), transmitting the beet yellows virus under conditions of postacquisition fasting as well as postacquisition feeding, fasted aphids maintained their inoculativity over the intervals of time tested (maximum of 12 hours) at a level equal to or superior to those having access to an intermediate host plant.
A survey of individuals in US-based pharmaceutical industry HEOR departments: attitudes on policy topics

We surveyed US-based leaders in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) departments in drug and device companies to examine their views on the state of the field. We created a questionnaire that was emailed to 123 US-based senior HEOR professionals at 54 companies. Of the 123 recipients, 74 (60%) completed the survey. Most respondents (92%) expected their company's HEOR use to increase, and 80% reported that their organization's senior management viewed HEOR work as critical. Approximately 62% agreed that Academy of Managed Care Pharmacy (AMCP) dossiers are useful to US health plans, and 55% stated that Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act (FDAMA) Section 114 is useful. Approximately 49% believed the US government should use cost-effectiveness analysis in coverage and reimbursement decisions, but only 31% expected this to occur within 3 years. The findings suggest strong support for the function at senior management levels and optimism about the field.
A TGA/FTIR and mass spectral study on the thermal degradation of bisphenol A polycarbonate

Abstract The thermal degradation of polycarbonate under nitrogen was studied using TGA/FTIR, GC/MS and LC/MS as a function of mass loss. The gases evolved during degradation were inspected by in situ FTIR and then the evolved products were collected and analysed using FTIR, GC–MS and LC–MS. The structures of the evolved products are assigned on the basis of FTIR and GC/MS results. The main thermal degradation pathways follow chain scission of the isopropylidene linkage, and hydrolysis/alcoholysis and rearrangement of carbonate linkages. In the case of chain scission, it was proposed that methyl scission of isopropylidene occurs first, according to the bond dissociation energies. The presence of carbonate structures, 1,1′-bis(4-hydroxyl phenyl) ethane and bisphenol A in significant amounts, supports the view that chain scission and hydrolysis/alcoholysis are the main degradation pathways for the formation of the evolved products.
Place, post‐industrial change and the new left

This article argues for the importance of place and policies addressed to it in recent post-industrial political transformations. My analysis focuses on the performance of Left parties in French and German cities with universities since the 1960s. Despite similar shifts in the occupational and sectoral bases of politics in the cities of both countries, these transformations followed divergent trajectories. In Germany decentralized policymaking, physical legacies of previous urban planning, and mobilization around land use and related issues gave rise to the most solid local strongholds of the Greens. In mid-sized and smaller cities, local constraints on growth itself resulted. In France centrally led expansion, less developed local policies and less planned urban structures contributed to emergent Socialist majorities and weaker, more contingent local Green performance. In both countries the environmental concerns and consumption interests linked to spatial amenities have given a new, altered significance to the geographic determinants of politics.
Tac recce CONOPS: today and tomorrow

Tactical Reconnaissance (Tac Recce) Concept of Operations (CONOPS) is based on the fundamentals of Mission Planning, Mission Execution, Data Analysis and Data Distribution. These fundamentals apply whether addressing historic missions, current equipment capabilities, or projecting future capabilities. This paper is intended to orient technical experts with the tasks that the operational users face and to help focus technical breakthroughs and upgrades into systems that help the warfighter efficiently and effectively achieve his goals. Many technical experts focus on the intricate technical details of their project and many times are not aware of the ultimate objective that their technology is intended to improve. As we briefly overview the fundamentals, remember where and how Tac Recce systems will be used. For a moment, put yourself in the mindset of those who are on the front lines, working long hours at numerous tasks, striving for efficiency and effectiveness, Technical advancements that can reduce the Tac Recce timeline and simplify operations can improve the end product which is key to critical warfighting decisions.
Spark plasma sintering and forming of transparent polycrystalline Al 2 O 3 windows and domes

Spark plasma sintering(SPS) method was used to produce transparent alumina and it proved to be a cost-effective method due to short processing cycle. It was found that the optical transmittance of alumina is greatly influenced by SPS sintering parameters. A maximum transmittance of 85% has been achieved by sintering at 1300°C for 5min. Annealing in air at 1250°C for 24h significanly increased mid-infrared transmission. Utilizing SPS, transparent polycrystalline alumina domes have been successfully produced by combining sintering and forming into one step in minutes instead of hours needed when using conventional methods. This is a near-net-shape forming method such that only a minor amount of machining or polishing is needed. The present forming method provides an unprecedented opportunity to make optically transparent domes at much lower costs.
T-matrix method and its applications to electromagnetic scattering by particles: A current perspective

This note serves as a short introduction to the reprint of our article "T-matrix computations of light scattering by nonspherical particles: a review" (JQSRT 1996; 55:535:75). We first discuss the motivation for writing that article and explain its historical context. This is followed by a short overview of more recent developments.
A SIMULTANEOUS EQUATIONS APPROACH TO MODELING INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE

This paper presents a simultaneous equations model of profitability, concentration, advertising expenditures, and research and developed outiays. The data are subjected to regression diagnostics in an effort to ascertain the importance to the estimation of a subset of the data than can have a disproportional influence. The estimation results, especially for the advertising expenditures relationship and the research and development outlays equation, do change when a truncated data sample (based on the omission of the outliers) is used. This serves as a partial explanation of why there is disagreement in the literature on market structure and economic performance.
EPA-0946 - Assessment and treatment of psychiatric symptoms in patients with parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease is a disabling neurodegenerative disorder that affects 7-10 million people worldwide. Psychiatric symptoms are a significant non-motor feature of this disease and have been found to have significant impact on health related quality of life. Psychiatrists should have an awareness of nuances in diagnosis and management of psychiatric illness in this unique patient population. The pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease is complex, with neurodegeneration affecting dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and cholinergic systems. As such, more than 50% of patients will develop symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. Medications used to treat Parkinson's disease, such as levodopa or dopamine agonists can produce manic and even psychotic symptoms. Patients can also develop an addiction to these medications and begin abusing them. This can result in mania, impulse control disorders and psychosis. Pharmacology and management of patients with Parkinson's disease is complex due to interplay between treatments needed for their disease and the resulting psychiatric comorbidities. The role of an interdisciplinary team, composed of experts in neurology, psychiatry and even neurosurgery, is cruicial to success in treating these patients. This team becomes significantly more important when patients are evaluated for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Psychiatrists should be aware of specific comorbidities, such as untreated severe depression or psychosis, which may make patients a poor candidate for this procedure. Psychiatrists should also be familiar with how to manage psychiatric complications following DBS along with the interdisciplinary team.
Looking back to move ahead: Gastrotemporal tourism in a not-so-modern snack bar on Long Island's North Fork

Driving seventy miles east of New York City, one comes upon the first of a string of rural towns along the North Fork of Long Island, where ramshackle farmhouses are silhouetted against vast open fields and roadside farm stands sell corn and kale. The North Fork still clings to its identity as a simple agricultural region, resisting the soulless suburbia encroaching from the west and the affluent pretension of the Hamptons to the south. Among the area's treasures is the Modern Snack Bar, a family-run restaurant that has been serving “great home cooking” since 1951. Here cheerful apron-clad waitresses serve meat loaf and mashed turnips to locals, weekenders and wine-tasting day-trippers. There are regulars who have been eating here every Sunday for 50 years; the owners retire menu items at their peril. Change does happen, but at a glacial pace. (Although a full liquor license had been in place for years, wine was only added to the menu in 1986, with cocktails following in 2002.) This local icon exemplifies the distinctive North Fork identity–sincere, unpretentious, family-oriented. It also serves as a metaphor for how the North Fork can both maintain its identity and move forward, by introducing change slowly and with careful planning, and promoting winery-based tourism to keep land in agriculture. One of the joys of the Modern Snack Bar is its lack of kitsch or irony. The “Modern” works because it is the past preserved, not the past pretended. Its appeal is less about nostalgia , a longing for an imagined past, than “antalgia”, an analgesic belonging and continuity with the past that serves as salve against the alienation of the present.
Geographical Variations of the Influence of Low-Frequency Variability on Lower-Tropospheric Extreme Westerly Wind Events

Abstract A conceptual framework is developed for quantifying the relationship between low-frequency variability and extreme events. In this framework, variability is decomposed into low-frequency and synoptic components using complementary 10-day low-pass and high-pass filters, and a distinction is made between two ways that low-frequency variability influences extremes: the additive effect, which neglects the dependence of synoptic variability on the low-frequency state, and the multiplicative effect, which is due to the dependence of synoptic variability on the low-frequency state. The influence of various factors on the relationship between low-frequency variability and extreme events is decomposed and quantified by generating a series of simple synthetic datasets based on different assumptions about low-frequency and synoptic variability and their relationship. These techniques are used to study the relationship between low-frequency variability and extreme westerly wind events in three datasets, an 1...