cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breeding Waterbirds in Rice Fields: A Global Review

Abstract. Important and unique breeding bird communities occur in rice fields throughout the world, but little is known about breeding densities and nest success, and, therefore, the value of rice fields to breeding birds. Breeding bird use of rice fields is divided into five categories: 1) nesting in standing rice crop, 2) nesting on levees within fields or at field perimeters, 3) nesting in associated irrigation canals and ditches, 4) nesting in other wet areas that exist because of rice cultivation, and 5) use of fields for foraging, while breeding in adjacent habitats. Nest density and nest success vary greatly based on the region, management practices, and species' requirements. Birds commonly nesting in rice fields include ducks, bitterns, rails, shorebirds, terns and some passerines. Herons often use rice fields heavily while breeding in adjacent habitat. Research on nest densities, nest success, nestling and fledgling success, and microhabitat selection is needed to better understand the bird comm...
Constructing the Model Immigrant: Movement Strategy and Immigrant Deservingness in the New Sanctuary Movement

The model minority stereotype has been widely criticized for creating distinctions between racial groups by depicting some as more deserving than others. Immigration scholars have begun exploring similar distinctions among immigrant groups, with most research highlighting the role of anti-immigrant forces, the media, and policymakers in constructing divisions. Ethnographic research on the New Sanctuary Movement, a network of interfaith immigrant rights organizations, reveals that pro-immigrant activists also construct distinctions between “deserving” and “undeserving” immigrants. Building on frame alignment theory, which often focuses on movement discourse, I use a dramaturgical approach to highlight the nonrhetorical framing practices involved in creating these distinctions: in particular, the casting of select members of stigmatized groups and their public and visual association with more powerful actors. Through a type of frame transformation I call the model movement strategy—the use of model cases to challenge negative stereotypes of members of disadvantaged groups—New Sanctuary activists drew distinctions between model immigrants and those who did not share their dominant-friendly characteristics, implicitly portraying certain undocumented immigrants as less deserving of legal residency and citizenship. These findings suggest that the model movement strategy, an approach used by a variety of contemporary social movements, may have insidious consequences for the most vulnerable movement constituents.
Simplified approach to establishing criticality accident alarm detector placement in fissile material processing facilities

The US Department of Energy (DOE) Order 420.1 and its predecessor 5480.24 require that a documented technical basis be established for the placement of criticality accident alarm detectors (CAADs) in federal fissile material processing facilities, unless mitigating circumstances, such as those that exist at the Pantex Plant in Amarillo, Texas, justify an exclusion. At the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant, a simple approach using synthesis of line-of-sight calculations and comparisons with experimental results was used to address CAAD placement issues that were raised during the plant restart activities. Using the experimental data from prior field testing of the CAADs, supplemented and extended by one-dimensional calculations, the adequacy of a 122-m (400-ft) radius of coverage for photon-sensing CAADs with a 30 mR/h alarm setpoint was investigated. Two series of experiments were used in the effort, one series at the Oak Ridge DOSAR reactor in 1979 and the other series at the Sandia Pulsed Reactor (SPUR III) Facility in 1994. Results are discussed in this paper.
Impact-absorbing qualities of football helmets

Abstract The energy-attenuating abilities of commercial and prototype football helmets have been studied using accelerometer test equipment. Distinct differences were demonstrated, and superior performance was found in prototype helmets using a hard shell, a corrugated inner liner of foamed, non-resilient plastic, with a soft, slow-rebound plastic foam next to the head.
Behavior of a Population of Forest-Mice When Subjected to Poison

A belt of Douglas-fir fronting the inland border of the north coast redwoods comprises the last great stand of virgin timber in California. Not previously-exploited because of ruggedness of the mountains on which it grows, it is yielding now to the logging truck and caterpillar tractor. A timber rush is on. Within two or three decades little of the old forest will remain (Pine, 1953; Vaux, 1955). As a rule, natural reproduction of conifers in the region is not sufficiently vigorous to replace timber removed by logging or destroyed by fire. Compared with the Douglas-fir belt of Oregon and Washington, environmental conditions in northern California are severe. The dry season is long and intense, and tan oak, which sprouts aggressively when felled or burned, often captures denuded land. The answer to the problem of reforestation might be direct (artificial) seeding except for the presence of small mammals which are adept at finding and devouring coniferous seed. White-footed mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus and P. truei ), abroad only by night and inconspicuous out of proportion to their numbers, are the chief offenders. The diurnal and more obvious chipmunks ( Eutamias townsendii ) are of secondary importance, and shrews ( Sorex trowbridgii ) and red-backed mice ( Clethrionomys occidentalis ) are relatively scarce. The recommended method of dealing with seed-eating rodents of the forest is to poison them (Eadie, 1954). In theory, foresters can wipe out a population of wild mice with lethal baits, then sow seed in the autumn and have a dense stand of seedlings after germination occurs in the following spring. But every attempt to protect seed by killing rodents with cereal baits in the California Douglas-fir region has failed. Assuredly a rodenticide such as sodium fluoroacetate, commonly known as Compound 1080 (Kalmbach, 1945), is exceedingly effective when first applied. It can decimate a population …
A software-defined ultra-wideband transceiver testbed for communications, ranging, and imaging

Impulse Ultra Wideband (UWB) communications is an emerging technology that promises a number of benefits over traditional narrowband or broadband signals: extremely high data rates, extremely robust operation in dense multipath environments, low probability of intercept/detection, and the ability to operate concurrently with existing users. Unfortunately, most currently available UWB systems are based on dedicated hardware, preventing researchers from investigating algorithms or architectures that take advantage of some of the unique properties of UWB signals. This dissertation outlines the development of a general purpose software radio transceiver testbed for UWB signals. The testbed is an enabling technology that provides a development platform for investigating ultra wideband communication algorithms (e.g., acquisition, synchronization, modulation, multiple access), ranging or radar (e.g., precision position location, intrusion detection, heart and respiration rate monitoring), and could potentially be used in the area of ultra wideband based medical imaging or vital signs monitoring. As research into impulse ultra wideband expands, the need is greater now than ever for a platform that will allow researchers to collect real-world performance data to corroborate theoretical and simulation results. Additionally, this dissertation outlines the development of the Time-Interleaved Analog to Digital Converter array which served as the core of the testbed, along with a comprehensive theoretical and simulation-based analysis on the effects of Analog to Digital Converter mismatches in a Time-Interleaved Sampling array when the input signal is an ultra wideband Gaussian Monocycle. Included in the discussion is a thorough overview of the implementation of both a scaled-down prototype as well as the final version of the testbed. This dissertation concludes by evaluating the of the transceiver testbed in terms of the narrowband dynamic range, the accuracy with which it can sample and reconstruct a UWB pulse, and the bit error rate performance of the overall system.* *This dissertation is a compound document (contains both a paper copy and a CD as part of the dissertation). The CD requires the following system requirements: WinZip.
Two-dimensional spreads of synaptonemal complexes from solanaceous plants

By using serial sectioning and a new hypotonic bursting technique on primary microsporocytes of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), relatively large numbers of recombination nodules (RNs) are observed on the synaptonemal complexes forming during zygonema. In pachynema most, but not all, of these RNs are lost. If RNs represent sites of potential crossing over during zygonema and sites of actual crossing over during late pachynema, the observed temporal and spatial distribution of RNs may provide answers for some classic cytogenetic questions such as: how is at least one crossover per bivalent assured? How are crossovers localized? What is the basis for positive chiasma interference?
Age Differences in Bimanual Coordination

A bimanual coordination experiment was conducted in which two groups of 10 male and female participants, elderly (67 to 75 years of age) and young (21 to 25 years of age), produced unimanual, bimanual symmetrical (equal extent amplitude), and bimanual asymmetrical (unequal extent amplitude) movements. In addition to an overall increase in performance latency, the elderly group exhibited a linear increase in response initiation (RT) with increases in task complexity similar to that of the young group. However, the elderly participants showed a proportional increase over the young participants in response execution latency (MT). Further, the elderly group had a slower RT for short movements than long movements, an effect not found in the young group. Compared with the young participants, the elderly participants showed greater asynchrony in response initiation of bimanual movements; increased inability to subsequently compensate during response execution also resulted in a greater asynchrony in response termination. These results suggest specific aging deficits in bimanual coordination processes.
Clinical and economic outcomes assessment in nuclear cardiology

The future of nuclear medicine procedures, as understood within our current economic climate, depends upon its ability to provide relevant clinical information at similar or lower comparative costs. With an ever-increasing emphasis on cost containment, outcome assessment forms the basis of preserving the quality of patient care. Today, outcomes assessment encompasses a wide array of subjects including clinical, economic, and humanistic (i.e., quality of life) outcomes. For nuclear cardiology, evidence-based medicine would require a threshold level of evidence in order to justify the added cost of any test in a patient's work-up. This evidence would include large multicenter, observational series as well as randomized trial data in sufficiently large and diverse patient populations. The new movement in evidence-based medicine is also being applied to the introduction of new technologies, in particular when comparative modalities exist. In the past 5 years, we have seen a dramatic shift in the quality of outcomes data published in nuclear cardiology. This includes the use of statistically rigorous risk-adjusted techniques as well as large populations (i.e., > 500 patients) representing multiple diverse medical care settings. This has been the direct result of the development of multiple outcomes databases that have now amassed thousands of patients worth of data. One of the benefits of examining outcomes in large patient datasets is the ability to assess individual endpoints (e.g., cardiac death) as compared with smaller datasets that often assess combined endpoints (e.g., death, myocardial infarction, or unstable angina). New technologies for the diagnosis of coronary artery disease have contributed to the rising costs of care. In the United States and in Europe, costs of care have risen dramatically, consuming an ever-increasing amount of available resources. The overuse of diagnostic angiography often leads to unnecessary revascularization that does not lead to improvement in outcome. Thus, the potential exists that stress SPECT imaging, a highly effective diagnostic tool, could effect substantial change in reducing inappropriate use of an invasive procedure resulting in cost effective cardiac care. A synthesis of current economic evidence in gated SPECT imaging will be presented. In conclusion, a current state of the evidence review is presented on the clinical and economic data using nuclear cardiology imaging.
Behavioural plasticity in evolving robots

In this paper, we show how the development of plastic behaviours, i.e., behaviour displaying a modular organisation characterised by behavioural subunits that are alternated in a context-dependent manner, can enable evolving robots to solve their adaptive task more efficiently also when it does not require the accomplishment of multiple conflicting functions. The comparison of the results obtained in different experimental conditions indicates that the most important prerequisites for the evolution of behavioural plasticity are: the possibility to generate and perceive affordances (i.e., opportunities for behaviour execution), the possibility to rely on flexible regulatory processes that exploit both external and internal cues, and the possibility to realise smooth and effective transitions between behaviours.
Isotopic Details of the Spent Catawba-1 MOX Fuel Rods at ORNL

The United States Department of Energy funded Shaw/AREVA MOX Services LLC to fabricate four MOX Lead Test Assemblies (LTA) from weapons-grade plutonium. A total of four MOX LTAs (including MX03) were irradiated in the Catawba Nuclear Station (Unit 1) Catawba-1 PWR which operated at a total thermal power of 3411 MWt and had a core with 193 total fuel assemblies. The MOX LTAs were irradiated along with Duke Energy s irradiation of eight Westinghouse Next Generation Fuel (NGF) LEU LTAs (ref.1) and the remaining 181 LEU fuel assemblies. The MX03 LTA was irradiated in the Catawba-1 PWR core (refs.2,3) during cycles C-16 and C-17. C-16 began on June 5, 2005, and ended on November 11, 2006, after 499 effective full power days (EFPDs). C-17 started on December 29, 2006, (after a shutdown of 48 days) and continued for 485 EFPDs. The MX03 and three other MOX LTAs (and other fuel assemblies) were discharged at the end of C-17 on May 3, 2008. The design of the MOX LTAs was based on the (Framatome ANP, Inc.) Mark-BW/MOX1 17 17 fuel assembly design (refs. 4,5,6) for use in Westinghouse PWRs, but with MOX fuel rods with three Pu loading ranges: the nominalmore » Pu loadings are 4.94 wt%, 3.30 wt%, and 2.40 wt%, respectively, for high, medium, and low Pu content. The Mark-BW/MOX1 (MOX LTA) fuel assembly design is the same as the Advanced Mark-BW fuel assembly design but with the LEU fuel rods replaced by MOX fuel rods (ref. 5). The fabrication of the fuel pellets and fuel rods for the MOX LTAs was performed at the Cadarache facility in France, with the fabrication of the LTAs performed at the MELOX facility, also in France.« less
Revision of the genus Calliscarta (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Neobalinae)

A taxonomic revision of the Neotropical genus Calliscarta stal is presented. Most of the 19 species treated are described and illustrated, including 10 that are new to science. The new species include: abrupta (Bolivia), acuta (Peru, Venezuela), delicata (Bolivia, Peru), elongata (Ecuador, Peru), expansa (Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru), lora (Peru), marginata (Honduras), mexicana (Mexico), ornata (French Guiana, Venezuela), rugosa (Venezuela). Three cases of new synonymy are proposed: boliviana (Osborn) (= tinga Kramer), fasciata (Osborn) [= brunnea (Osborn)], decora (Fabricius) [= magnifica (Osborn)].
Adaptations based on ontology evolution as a mean to exploit collective intelligence

The paper discusses new possible facets regarding the concept of adaptation, focused on allowing users to intervene in the process by having the possibility both to insert new data and to alter the structure of ontological knowledge bases which contain adaptation determinants. The approach is based on the exploitation of the synergy between Web 2.0 and Semantic Web and may give the opportunity to obtain more personalized, comprehensive and tailored service to all users, by allowing user communities to model a domain of interest and to develop it according to their interests. The paper discusses background ideas and gives technical details of an example implementation of a software component designed to perform ontology evolution based on the analysis of contributions expressed by users of a service in natural language.
Dissecting Signal Transduction Pathways In vivo with Dynamic Real-time Molecular Imaging

PL03-05 Genetically-encoded imaging reporters introduced into cells and transgenic animals enable noninvasive, longitudinal studies of dynamic biological processes in intact cells and living animals. The most common reporters include firefly luciferase (bioluminescence imaging), green fluorescence protein (fluorescence imaging), Herpes Simplex Virus-1 thymidine kinase (positron emission tomography) and variants with enhanced spectral and kinetic properties optimized for use in vivo . When cloned into promoter/enhancer sequences or engineered into fusion proteins, molecular imaging reporters enable fundamental processes such as transcriptional regulation, signal transduction cascades, protein-protein interactions, oncogenic transformation, cell trafficking and targeted drug action to be temporally and spatially registered in vivo . Dynamic analysis of cancer with genetically-encoded imaging reporters provides new insight into cancer-specific molecular and regulatory machinery within the contextual environment of the whole animal.
Health Effects of Dramatic Societal Events — Ramifications of the Recent Presidential Election

Events linked to the recent presidential campaign and election have given rise to fear and anxiety in many Americans. Research suggests that these events can have negative health effects on vulnerable groups. What are the implications for health care providers?
Endarterectomy was not effective for moderate symptomatic carotid stenosis

Source Citation European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Endarterectomy for moderate symptomatic carotid stenosis: interim results from the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial. Lance...
Conservation of Migratory Species in a Changing Climate: Strategic Behavior and Policy Design

The protection of migratory animals requires cooperation among multiple decision-making entities. These may include individual resource users or property owners, different government agencies within a single national or state jurisdiction, or the governments of different sovereign nations. The fate of the migratory animals, the values accruing to the various human actors, and the costs they bear, will depend on a suite of actions taken by several independent entities at different points in space and time. No single decision maker has full control over the set of human actions that will determine the overall status of the migratory species—or even the outcomes valued by that single decision maker. Recognizing this interdependence, human decision makers will tend to behave strategically. In other words, their decisions regarding the best way to achieve their individually-valued objectives will depend on the expected actions and reactions of the other relevant actors. This interplay can take a variety of forms— ranging from individual decisions on compliance, or not, with hunting regulations as a function of the likelihood of getting caught and the severity of the resulting punishment, to the strategic positions of individual nations in negotiating treaties on habitat conservation or fishery management. The policy problem thus entails designing an appropriate set of incentives for each of the decision-making entities to channel their actions towards mutually satisfactory and environmentally-responsible outcomes. A changing climate can complicate this task by altering the migratory behavior or reproductive success of the animals that a policy or agreement is attempting to manage. This Article will survey a range of policy situations in which the efficacy of a policy, treaty or other agreement could be undermined by strategic behavior—in particular strategic reactions to the effects of changing environmental conditions.
Quality of commercial shelf-stable soymilk products

Four brands of shelf-stable soymilks (three lots each) were evaluated for their quality. All samples were tested for trypsin inhibitor activity, microbial load (coliforms, aerobic mesophiles, and psychrotrophs), solids content, pH, color, and viscosity. Storage stability at 5 degrees C of the opened original containers was evaluated by microbiological analyses. Physical properties were consistent among three lots of the same brand, but varied among brands. Trypsin inhibitor activity ranged from 3.43 to 10.35 mg/g dried soymilk. The pH values of the soymilks varied between 6.41 and 7.34. Viscosity was measured between 16.5 and 26.4 mPa. Solids content varied considerably among soymilks, from 6.88 to 12.37% (wt/vol). Freshly opened commercial soymilk contained fewer than one microorganism per ml in all microbial counts. During storage at 5 degrees C, microbial counts increased sharply after 2 to 3 weeks. A single microorganism predominated in each stored sample. Shelf life (defined as the time during which aerobic mesophile counts remained below 10(6) CFU/ml) varied from 3 to 4 weeks. The appearance and pH of soymilks remained unchanged even after 4 weeks of storage. Five types of microorganisms were found in stored soymilk samples; none of them produced acid.
SYNTHESIS AND SOME BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF 4-DEAMIDO-OXYTOCIN (4-GLUTAMIC ACID-OXYTOCIN)

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses synthesis of 4-deamido-oxytocin (4-glutamic acid-oxytocin). The γ-benzyl group resists to a great extent the action of 15% HBr in acetic acid. When the synthesis of 3-alloisoleucine-oxytocin is carried out by coupling the N-tosyl-S-benzyl- L-cysteinyl- L-tyrosyl- L-alloisoleucine with the hexapeptide amide by the carbodiimide method, the 3-alloisoleucine-oxytocin so obtained contains about 30% of isoleucine. The synthesis of pure carbobenzoxy-nonapeptide (III) is achieved by adding isoleucine to the hexapeptide by the o-nitrophenylsulfenyl method. After removal of the N-o-nitrophenylsulfenyl-group from the heptapeptide V, the free peptide obtained from the hydrochloride by treatment with NEt3 in dimethylformamide is coupled with carbobenzoxy-S-benzyl- L-cysteinyl-L-tyrosine by the azide method.
Conformationally Regulated Peptide Bond Cleavage in Bradykinin

Ion mobility and mass spectrometry techniques are used to investigate the stabilities of different conformations of bradykinin (BK, Arg1-Pro2-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9). At elevated solution temperatures, we observe a slow protonation reaction, i.e., [BK+2H]2++H+ → [BK+3H]3+, that is regulated by trans → cis isomerization of Arg1-Pro2, resulting in the Arg1-cis-Pro2-cis-Pro3-Gly4-Phe5-Ser6-cis-Pro7-Phe8-Arg9 (all-cis) configuration. Once formed, the all-cis [BK+3H]3+ spontaneously cleaves the bond between Pro2-Pro3 with perfect specificity, a bond that is biologically resistant to cleavage by any human enzyme. Temperature-dependent kinetics studies reveal details about the intrinsic peptide processing mechanism. We propose that nonenzymatic cleavage at Pro2-Pro3 occurs through multiple intermediates and is regulated by trans → cis isomerization of Arg1-Pro2. From this mechanism, we can extract transition state thermochemistry: ΔG‡ = 94.8 ± 0.2 kJ·mol–1, ΔH‡ = 79.8 ± 0.2 kJ·mol–1, and ΔS‡ = −50.4 ...
A 20-year comparison of definitive chemoradiation with 5-FU versus capecitabine in anal cancer patients treated at Stanford.

710Background: Capecitabine is an established treatment alternative to intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for chemoradiation in rectal cancer. Few studies have compared the two agents in anal cancer...
Palladium complexes bearing κ2-N,N and κ3-N,N,O pendant amine bis(phenolate) ligands

Abstract The synthesis and characterization of ten new palladium(II) amine bis(phenolate) complexes is reported. Solution and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies reveal the presence of both κ2-N,N and κ3-N,N,O binding modes in these square planar complexes. For complexes with sterically less demanding phenolate donors, addition of external acidic or basic reagents allows for the selective masking of a coordination site at Pd. Complexes bearing bulky cumyl substituents on phenolate donors exhibited unusual 1H NMR spectroscopic features that are consistent with an anagostic interaction with the palladium center. Computational analysis at the ωB97X-D/LAN2LDZ level of theory supported the assertion that such an anagostic interaction may play a role in stabilizing κ2 complexes bearing a cumyl-substituted amine bis(phenolate) ligand. X-ray crystallographic data for H21a-PdCl2, H22a-PdCl2, H1b-PdCl, H2b-PdCl, H1d-PdCl, and H1e-PdCl are reported.
Treatment Patterns and Costs Among Children Aged 2 to 17 Years With ADHD in New York State Medicaid in 2013

Objective: To identify children with ADHD enrolled in New York State (NYS) Medicaid and characterize ADHD-associated costs by treatment category. Method: In 2013, 1.4 million children aged 2 to 17 years were enrolled in NYS Medicaid. Medicaid claims and encounters were used to identify children with ADHD, classify them by type of treatment received, and estimate associated costs. Results: The ADHD cohort comprised 5.4% of all Medicaid-enrolled children, with 35.0% receiving medication only, 16.2% receiving psychological services only, 42.2% receiving both, and 6.6% receiving neither. The total costs for the ADHD cohort (US$729.3 million) accounted for 18.1% of the total costs for children enrolled in NYS Medicaid. Conclusion: This study underscores the importance of achieving a better understanding of children with ADHD enrolled in NYS Medicaid. A framework to categorize children with ADHD based on their treatment categories may help to target interventions to improve the quality of care and reduce costs.
The Economic Impact of Depression in the Workplace

There is international recognition of the high prevalence of depression and its associated disability. In countries where workers have been studied, major depressive disorders are the most prevalent chronic conditions in the prior year. Economic costs of depression include the costs related to screening, treatment, maintenance, and support of persons with depression. Costs also include those due to the effects of depression on absenteeism, presenteeism, and long-term disability costs. Workplaces offer high potential for preventing depression; recognizing early and advanced stages of depression; improving depression care off-site or on-site, in person or virtually; and improving outcomes of those efforts. Evidence-based programs for reducing depression costs exist. Innovations in technology and growing interest in financing novel programs for persons with depression offer promising outcomes clinically and economically.
jCAB: Making Java Class Design Easier for Novice Programmers

This Research Full Paper introduces a tool called Java Class Auto Builder (jCAB) that helps students to design Java custom classes, helps them to understand the core concepts in the class design, and helps them to develop Object-Oriented (OO) ideas efficiently. When OO programming is introduced to students, its fundamental concepts are difficult for them to learn at first, and also impact them when they start to design their custom class templates. The existing UML (Unified Modeling Language) based tools could be served for educational purpose, but they are not suitable for novice Java students or programmers. Those tools generate class template code automatically from UML diagrams which must represent the class structures and functionalities clearly. That requires users to have a comprehensive view on the class structures. However, when they are first exposed to custom class design, novice programmers usually do not know what are necessary in the design and/or the relationships among classes if there are any. Therefore, it would be hard for them to develop UML diagrams which could represent class templates clearly. A tool that could help students in this stage is necessary. The jCAB tool introduced in this paper is designed for Java CS1 course, and is a good start for novice programmers to learn how to implement custom classes. The tool divides the custom class design procedure into several steps in order to show students what are necessary in the class design clearly and how to do them in detail. Its GUI (Graphic User Interface) interacts with students, directs them step by step, and generates code in each step automatically, so that students will be aware of the class structure, the design procedures, and how each piece of code is related with OO concept, and they will have better grasp on the OO fundamentals and the custom class design procedures.
Abstract 1142: An activity-dependent proximity ligation platform for spatially resolved and multiplexed quantifications of active enzymes in single cells

Integration of chemical probes into proteomic workflows enables the interrogation of protein activity, rather than abundance. Current methods limit the biological contexts that can be addressed due to sample homogenization, signal-averaging, and bias toward abundant proteins. To expand the application scope of chemical proteomics and explore the cellular heterogeneity on enzyme activities, we developed a new platform that integrates family-wide chemical probes with proximity-dependent oligonucleotide amplification and imaging to quantify enzyme activity in native contexts with high spatial and single cell resolution. Application of this method, activity-dependent proximity ligation (ADPL), to serine hydrolase and cysteine protease enzymes enables quantification of differential enzyme activity resulting from endogenous changes in localization and expression. In a competitive format, small molecule target engagement with endogenous proteins in live cells can be quantified. Retention of sample architecture enables interrogation of complex environments such as cellular co-culture and patient samples. We also successfully applied ADPL in xenograft tissue sample, exhibiting the application prospect in primary patient tissue. Additionally, implementation of barcoded antibody-oligo direct conjugation enabled multiplexed readout of active enzymes within and between enzyme families, providing the possibility of simultaneous biomarker detection. Together, this work supports ADPL should be amenable to diverse and multiplexed protein families to detect active enzymes at scale and resolution out of reach with current methods. Citation Format: Gang Li, Raymond E. Moellering. An activity-dependent proximity ligation platform for spatially resolved and multiplexed quantifications of active enzymes in single cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1142.
Anisotropic avalanches and critical depinning of three-dimensional magnetic domain walls.

Simulations with more than 10^{12} spins are used to study the motion of a domain wall driven through a three-dimensional random-field Ising magnet (RFIM) by an external field H. The interface advances in a series of avalanches whose size diverges at a critical external field H_{c}. Finite-size scaling is applied to determine critical exponents and test scaling relations. Growth is intrinsically anisotropic with the height of an avalanche normal to the interface l_{⊥} scaling as the width along the interface l_{∥} to a power χ=0.85±0.01. The total interface roughness is consistent with self-affine scaling with a roughness exponent ζ≈χ that is much larger than values found previously for the RFIM and related models that explicitly break orientational symmetry by requiring the interface to be single-valued. Because the RFIM maintains orientational symmetry, the interface develops overhangs that may surround unfavorable regions to create uninvaded bubbles. Overhangs complicate measures of the roughness exponent but decrease in importance with increasing system size.
In vivo ultrasound-switchable fluorescence imaging using a camera-based system.

Ultrasound-switchable fluorescence (USF) is a novel imaging technique that provides high spatial resolution fluorescence images in centimeter-deep biological tissue. Recently, we successfully demonstrated the feasibility of in vivo USF imaging using a frequency-domain photomultiplier tube-based system. In this work, for the first time we carried out in vivo USF imaging via a camera-based USF imaging system. The system acquires a USF signal on a two-dimensional (2D) plane, which facilitates the image acquisition because the USF scanning area can be planned based on the 2D image and provides high USF photon collection efficiency. We demonstrated in vivo USF imaging in the mouse’s glioblastoma tumor with multiple targets via local injection. In addition, we designed the USF contrast agents with different particle sizes (70 nm and 330 nm) so that they could bio-distribute to various organs (spleen, liver, and kidney) via intravenous (IV) injections. The results showed that the contrast agents retained stable USF properties in tumors and some organs (spleen and liver). We successfully achieved in vivo USF imaging of the mouse’s spleen and liver via IV injections. The USF imaging results were compared with the images acquired from a commercial X-ray micro computed tomography (micro-CT) system.
EFFECT OF ESTROGEN ON GENE EXPRESSION: VITELLOGENIN SYNTHESIS MAY BE REGULATED AT THE LEVEL OF BOTH TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION

Administration of a single dose of estrogen to a rooster results in de novo synthesis of vitellogenin mRNA and vitellogenin in the liver. When the estrogen response has apparently ceased and vitellogenin is no longer detectable in the liver or in the plasma (post-estrogen-serum-negative state) vitellogenin mRNA persists in appreciable amounts in the liver of the rooster. This mRNA has the same size as vitellogenin mRNA from stimulated roosters. However, this vitellogenin mRNA is no longer associated with polysomes. The possible role of this persisting vitellogenin mRNA in the greater rapidity and magnitude of the response to a subsequent estrogen stimulation will be discussed.
Quantum computation solves a half-century-old enigma: Elusive vibrational states of magnesium dimer found.

The high-lying vibrational states of the magnesium dimer (Mg2), which has been recognized as an important system in studies of ultracold and collisional phenomena, have eluded experimental characterization for half a century. Until now, only the first 14 vibrational states of Mg2 have been experimentally resolved, although it has been suggested that the ground-state potential may support five additional levels. Here, we present highly accurate ab initio potential energy curves based on state-of-the-art coupled-cluster and full configuration interaction computations for the ground and excited electronic states involved in the experimental investigations of Mg2. Our ground-state potential unambiguously confirms the existence of 19 vibrational levels, with ~1 cm−1 root mean square deviation between the calculated rovibrational term values and the available experimental and experimentally derived data. Our computations reproduce the latest laser-induced fluorescence spectrum and provide guidance for the experimental detection of the previously unresolved vibrational levels.
Lifting the innate immune barriers to antitumor immunity

The immune system evolved for adequate surveillance and killing of pathogens while minimizing host damage, such as due to chronic or exaggerated inflammation and autoimmunity. This is achieved by negative regulators and checkpoints that limit the magnitude and time course of the immune response. Tumor cells often escape immune surveillance and killing. Therefore, disrupting the brakes built into the immune system should effectively boost the anticancer immune response. The success of anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 have firmly established this proof of concept. Since the response rate of anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 is still limited, there is an intense effort for the identification of new targets and development of approaches that can expand the benefits of immunotherapy to a larger patient pool. Additional T cell checkpoints are obvious targets; however, here we focus on the unusual suspects-cells that function to initiate and guide T cell activity. Innate immunity is both an obligate prerequisite for the initiation of adaptive immune responses and a requirement for the recruitment of activated T cells to the site of action. We discuss some of the molecules present in innate immune cells, including natural killer cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, endothelial cells and stromal cells, that can activate or enhance innate immune cell functions, and more importantly, the inhibitors or checkpoints present in these cells that restrain their functions. Boosting innate immunity, either by enhancing activator functions or, preferably, by blocking the inhibitors, may represent a new anticancer treatment modality or at least function as adjuvants to T cell checkpoint inhibitors.
Increasing disparity between Society for Vascular Surgery guidelines for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair and real-world practice.

Abstract Objective The current Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) guidelines, based on randomized controlled trials published more than a decade ago, recommend a minimum threshold diameter of 5.5 cm for infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (iAAA) repair. It is unknown whether practice patterns with respect to size of repair have changed since the publication of these guidelines. We aimed to evaluate the real-world practice of vascular surgeons in our region with respect to iAAA size at the time of repair, whether this has changed over the past 12 years and if any changes were associated with the repair type, open vs endovascular. Methods The Vascular Study Group of New England (VSGNE) database was used to identify all patients who received iAAA repair between 2003 and 2015. The primary end point was to quantify the annual percentage of iAAAs repaired in different size categories (≥5.5 cm; Results A total of 5314 patients with iAAA repairs (1538 open, 3776 endovascular) were identified in the VSGNE database during the study period. In 40% (2110 of 5314) of patients, repair was performed for aneurysms Conclusions Despite the SVS guidelines suggesting surveillance rather than repair of iAAA
Statistical analysis of audible noise of 1000kV UHV AC double-circuit transmission line during rain over one-year test

From the design point of view, the audible noise(AN) on rainy days is the most concerned parameter. For 1000kV UHV AC lines, many prediction methods for rainy days are mainly based on the statistical data of the test lines, and do not take into account the variation of rainfall deeply. In this paper, the first long-term observation station has been established under the Huainan-Shanghai 1000kV UHV AC double-circuit transmission line which has been in operation for 2 years, and the AN test has been carried out for one year. The statistical results during rain in different seasons and the influence of rain rate are analyzed, and compared with the longterm test statistical results of 1000kV UHV AC single circuit line. The statistical prediction method for AN of 1000kV UHV AC transmission lines during rainy days is proposed.
Smart glasses and video conferencing provide valuable medical student clinical exposure during COVID-19.

Background Responses to the COVID-19 pandemic impose significant limitations on clinical education in emergency medicine. Methods An emergency physician with smart glasses technology (SGT) was deployed into our emergency department (ED) to identify, enable, and curate a remote ED clinical learning experience for preclinical medical students in lieu of onsite shadowing. Students were assigned to one of four (2-h) sessions in May or June 2020. Results All 22 students participated remotely and responded to postrotation surveys. Feedback showed enthusiastic acceptance by instructors and students. Difficulty with technology was minimal. All students "strongly agreed" that they would participate in future sessions. Conclusions This SGT instructional method represents a feasible and effective strategy to expose preclinical medical students to clinical medicine in the ED.
Automated ebb-and-flow subirrigation conserves water and enhances citrus liner growth compared to capillary mat and overhead irrigation methods

Abstract Most citrus nurseries in Florida, USA use overhead irrigation, but subirrigation methods, including ebb-and-flow and capillary mats, have been shown to conserve water and accelerate plant growth relative to overhead irrigation for other nursery species and may be a viable alternative to overhead irrigation in citrus liner production. The objectives of this study were to (1) automate an ebb-and-flow system for citrus liner production using capacitance sensors, and (2) evaluate how subirrigation and overhead irrigation methods affect water use, plant growth parameters, and substrate chemical properties. A study was conducted from 22 May to 23 September 2018 in which liners of six commercially important rootstock cultivars in cone-shaped containers were subjected to one of the following irrigation methods: ebb-and-flow triggered at substrate volumetric water contents (θ) of 0.24, 0.36, or 0.48 m3 m−3, capillary mats, and overhead irrigation. Capacitance sensors successfully monitored irrigation throughout the study. Ebb-and-flow benches used substantially less water (~411 L) than either capillary mats (13,098 L) or overhead irrigation (3193 L). By the end of the study, rootstock cultivars propagated using subirrigation methods were approximately 22% taller with 7% more total biomass than plants subjected to overhead irrigation. Additionally, plant growth at the 0.24 m3 m−3 threshold used to trigger ebb-and-flow was as great or greater than growth at 0.36 and 0.48 m3 m−3 thresholds. During the final five weeks of the study, substrate electrical conductivity was higher using subirrigation methods (0.84–1.3 ds m−1) than under overhead irrigation (0.55–0.8 ds m−1), but there were no symptoms of salt stress observed in plants at any time. Results from this study show that ebb-and-flow is a viable alternative to overhead irrigation and is superior to capillary mats for water conservation. In automated ebb-and-flow systems in Florida, we recommend using the 0.24 m3 m−3 threshold to produce the citrus rootstock cultivars used in this study with peat: perlite substrate.
The Interplay of Ideological Diversity, Dissents, and Discretionary Review in the Judicial Hierarchy: Evidence from Death Penalty Cases

We use an original dataset of death penalty decisions on the Courts of Appeals to evaluate how the institutions of multimember appellate courts, dissent, and discretionary higher-court review interact to increase legal consistency in the federal judicial hierarchy. First, beginning with three-judge panels, we show the existence of ideological diversity on a panel—and the potential for dissent—plays a significant role in judicial decision making. Second, because of the relationship between panel composition and panel outcomes, considering only the incidence of dissents dramatically underestimates the influence of the institution of dissent—judges dissent much less frequently than they would in the absence of this relationship. Third, this rarity of dissent means they are informative: when judges do dissent, they influence en banc review in a manner consistent with the preferences of full circuits. Taken together, these results have important implications for assessing legal consistency in a vast and divers...
Particle-resolved CFD simulation of fixed bed pressure drop at moderate to high Reynolds number

Abstract Particle-resolved computational fluid dynamics simulations of flow and pressure drop in fixed beds of spheres give poor accuracy at higher Reynolds number (Re) under turbulent conditions. The influence of meshing is investigated for two cases, a face centered cubic packing with no wall effects, and a narrow bed of tube-to-particle diameter ratio three with strong wall effects. Local approaches to meshing at contact points were compared, using both surface flattening (caps) and bridging between spheres. Accurate results for pressure drop at moderate to high Re > 1000 required computationally expensive fine uniform meshes, however at highest Re pressure drop appeared to be low. The use of boundary adaption improved results with less expensive meshes. The aspect ratio of surface prisms and the sizes of the bridges used at contact points had strong effects. Velocity profiles were much less sensitive to the mesh refinement and could be obtained at reasonable cost.
Phase separation in the Hubbard model.

We study the behavior of the mean number of particles 〈n〉 (density) as a function of the chemical potential \ensuremath{\mu} in the two-dimensional Hubbard model, using a quantum Monte Carlo method. Working at U/t=10, 4, and -4 on lattices with 4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}4, 6\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}6, and 8\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8 sites, we do not find evidence of phase separation.
MANEJO DE LA FASE I Y FASE II DE UN PACIENTE JOVEN CON DESORDENES TEMPOROMANDIBULARES E HIPERTENSION ARTERIAL

El Sistema Masticatorio u Oclusal, es un sistema de naturaleza ortopedica; complejo, adaptable y eficiente, encargado de hablar, respirar, masticar, dormir y tragar durante toda nuestra vida. Es el unico sistema ortopedico del cual la vida depende. El sistema tiene 3 componentes anatomicos complejos; 2 articulaciones temporomandibulares (ATM), el neuromuscular y la relacion interdental con sus tejidos de soporte y que pueden danarse en forma similar a las del resto del cuerpo humano. La intencion de esta presentacion de caso es la de describir una alternativa sin retratamiento de ortodoncia en Fase II de un paciente joven con osteoartritis de las ATM, ferulizacion muscular, hipertension arterial y bruxismo.
Evidence for higher order topology in Bi and Bi0.92Sb0.08.

Higher order topological insulators (HOTIs) are a new class of topological materials which host protected states at the corners or hinges of a crystal. HOTIs provide an intriguing alternative platform for helical and chiral edge states and Majorana modes, but there are very few known materials in this class. Recent studies have proposed Bi as a potential HOTI, however, its topological classification is not yet well accepted. In this work, we show that the (110) facets of Bi and BiSb alloys can be used to unequivocally establish the topology of these systems. Bi and Bi0.92Sb0.08 (110) films were grown on silicon substrates using molecular beam epitaxy and studied by scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The surfaces manifest rectangular islands which show localized hinge states on three out of the four edges, consistent with the theory for the HOTI phase. This establishes Bi and Bi0.92Sb0.08 as HOTIs, and raises questions about the topological classification of the full family of BixSb1−x alloys. The experimental realization of higher order topological insulator (HOTI) in solid state materials remains elusive. Here, Aggarwal et al. reveal hinge states on three edges of both Bi and Bi0.92Sb0.08 (110) islands, supporting them as a class of HOTI.