cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Supercritical fluid fractionation of thermally oxidized canola oil

Supercritical fluid extraction procedures were developed to fractionate thermally oxidized canola oil. Canola oil was heated in a sealed glass ampoule for 72 h at 200°C in a forced-convection oven. After heating, the percentages of triacylglycerol (TAG) trimer, dimer, monomer and lowermolecular weight (LMW) compounds in the heated oil sample (as determined by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography) were 3.0, 8.4, 81.3 and 7.3%, respectively. The LMW compounds included diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and free fatty acids. Fractions of TAG monomer of approximately 98% purity were isolated after extraction at 408 atm for 45 min. After a second extraction at 442 atm for 45 min, a TAG dimer fraction of 95% purity was isolated. Recoveries of TAG monomer and dimer were 96 and 87%, respectively.
Enhanced nonlinear effects in metamaterials and plasmonic materials

In this paper, we discuss anomalous and enhanced nonlinear effects available when combining nonlinear optical materials with plasmonic metamaterials. Narrow periodic apertures filled with Kerr nonlinear materials are carved in a plasmonic screen. Large field enhancement confined inside each slit may be obtained, in particular when we operate at the cut-off of this array of plasmonic channels. This ensures a significant boosting of nonlinear optical effects, leading to strong optical bistable performance. New exciting venues for applications are opened with the aforementioned novel nonlinear devices.
The chemistry of η5-CpCo(CO)(maleoyl) and η5-CpCo(CO)(phthaloyl) complexes

Abstract Insertion of η5-CpCo(CO)2 into dimethylcyclobutenedione and benzocyclobutenedione gave high yields of η5-CpCo(CO)(dimethylmaleoyl) and η5-CpCo(CO)(phthaloyl); respectively. Replacement of the carbon monoxide ligand in these complexes with thermally labile ligands (CH3CN, PhCN, C5H5N, (C2H5)2S) allowed a facile reaction with alkynes to occur. The maleoyl cobalt complex gave very high yields of stable η5-CpCo(benzoquinone) complexes which cleaved to the free quinones on treatment with cerium(IV). The phthaloylcobalt complex reacted to form unstable η5-CpCo(naphthoquinone) complexes and free naphthoquinones.
Role of Interfacial Tension in Reverse Phase Liquid Chromatography

Abstract A thermodynamic equation relating chromatographic equilibrium constant to the interfacial forces between the stationary phase and the mobile phase is derived from the first principles. Advantages of using this equation in the analysis of bonded phase chromatographic data are discussed.
Introducing Multimedia Presentations and a Course Website to an Introductory Sociology Course: How Technology Affects Student Perceptions of Teaching Effectiveness

I use a quasi-experiment and follow-up questionnaire to ascertain the effects of PowerPoint multimedia presentations and a Blackboard course website on the course grades and perceptions of teaching effectiveness of introductory sociology students. Results of t-tests showed no statistically significant difference in course grades between experimental and control groups. However, students' responses to standardized teaching evaluations were considerably more favorable in the experimental group; all measured dimensions of perceived teaching effectiveness yielded statistically significant increases, with substantial increases in perceptions of instructor rapport and grading. I use the ideas of George Herbert Mead to interpret the results and increase sociological understanding of the relationship between the introduction of instructional technology and student perceptions of teaching effectiveness. In Mead's terms, the introduction of technology is not merely a self-involved act performed by the instructor th...
Gender and estrogen supplementation increases severity of experimental choroidal neovascularization.

Abstract Observational clinical studies suggest that post-menopausal women may be at risk for more severe age-related macular degeneration, and that estrogen loss due to menopause may contribute. We sought to determine the effect of gender and estrogen status on the severity of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in a mouse model for experimental choroidal neovascularization. Laser-induced CNV was performed in mice with or without estrogen supplementation. At various times, eyes were removed for analysis of severity of CNV lesions or for extraction of choroidal mRNA to evaluate iNOS, TNF-α, MMP-9, and ER-α expression, which are molecules relevant to angiogenic processes. Also, splenic macrophages were analysed for iNOS to determine the effect of estrogen treatment in vitro. Finally, laser-induced CNV was performed in iNOS −/− mice. Our result showed that aged female mice had significantly larger CNV than age-matched males. Ovariectomy in adult mice did not increase severity, but paradoxically estrogen supplementation after ovariectomy did increase CNV severity. More severe CNV were associated with a significant decrease in choroidal iNOS mRNA. Splenic macrophages from estrogen supplemented mice showed a significant increased in TNF-α mRNA expression (eight fold difference compared to the control) but only a mild change in iNOS mRNA levels (2–3 fold difference). In vitro data further showed that nitric oxide production in splenic macrophages at different estrogen levels was not different from controls. Finally, CNV severity was significantly more severe in iNOS −/− mice, compared to iNOS +/+ mice after laser treatment. In conclusion, aged female mice developed more severe CNV than do males. Estrogen replacement seems to increase severity, possibly by suppressing the upregulation of choroidal iNOS and activating macrophages. The putative beneficial or detrimental role of estrogen biology in age-related macular degeneration must be more carefully evaluated and may vary with the stage of age-related macular degeneration (atrophic or neovascular) as well as with the specific target cell type (monocytes vs. endothelial cell or vascular smooth muscle cell).
901–114 Women Have a Higher Response Rate than Men to the Antihypertensive Calcium Channel Blocker Amlodipine

There is a lack of data on gender difference in response to the newer antihypertensive medicines. The Amlodipine Cardiovascular Community Trial was designed to determine the blood pressure (BP) response of patient subgroups with mild-moderate hypertension to amlodipine besylate monotherapy (5–10 mg/day). After a 2 week placebo phase, patients received amlodipine for a 4 week efficacy/titration phase followed by a 12 week maintenance phase. Goal BP was defined as a decrease in diastolic BP by 10 mmHg or more plus a diastolic BP of less than 90 mmHg. Baseline systolic BP in mmHg was 153 ± 16 and 155 ± 16 and diastolic BP 101 ± 4 and 100 ± 4 for males (n = 702) and females (n = 382), respectively. Decreases in BP at 4 weeks were greater in females than males for both systolic (-19 vs -15 mmHg, p l 0.0001) and diastolic BP (-14 vs -12 mmHg, p l 0.0001). Results were maintained at 12 weeks. Ninety-one percent of females achieved goal BP compared to 83% of men (p = 0.001). The greater response to amlodipine by women remained significant after adjusting for: age, weight, dose (mg/kg), baseline BP. and drug compliance (99% in both women and men). There was no difference in decrease in systolic and diastolic BP for women on hormone replacement (–18 and–14 mmHg) versus those not on hormone replacement (–19 and–14 mmHg). Thus, hormone replacement in women did not account for the gender difference in BP response. Women reported edema more frequently than men. In conclusion, women demonstrated a greater antihypertensive effect to amlodipine than men; the mechanism for this observation remains to be determined.
Gothic Opera in Britain and France: Genre, Nationalism, and Trans-Cultural Angst

Rescue operas developed along two somewhat different lines: “tyrant” operas and “humanitarian” operas within the general category of “opera semiseria,” or “opera comique.” The first type corresponds to the conservative British “loyalty gothic,” with its focus on the trials and tribulations of the aristocracy, while the second type draws upon the Sentimental “virtue in distress” or “woman in jeopardy” genre, with its focus on middle class characters or women as the captured or besieged. The first category emphasized political injustice or abstract questions of law and embodied the threat of tyranny in an evil man who imprisons unjustly a noble character. Etienne Mehul’s Euphrosine and H.-M. Berton’s Les rigueurs du cloitre (both 1790) are typical examples of the genre. “Humanitarian” operas, on the other hand, do not depict a tyrant, but instead portray an individual—usually a woman or a worthy bourgeois—who sacrifices everything in order to correct an injustice or to obtain some person’s freedom. Dalayrac’s Raoul, Sire de Crequi (1789) or Bouilly’s and Cherubini’s Les deux journees (1800) are examples, along with Sedaine’s pre-1789 works. But why, we might ask, were gothic dramas quickly transformed into gothic operas or what are known now as “rescue operas”? This essay examines the social and political ideologies that are explicit in the major gothic operatic adaptations of the most popular gothic novels of Britain, while at the same time examining British opera’s very close connections with French models as well as French adaptations of British cultural works.
Retention of configuration in the opening of 2-arylcyclopropyl bromides by potassium acetate/18-crown-6 in dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract E and Z 2-phenylcyclopropyl bromides react with the title reagents to yield E and Z cinnamyl acetates respectively. No reaction is observed when halide nucleophiles or other aprotic solvents are used suggesting a novel mechanistic role for the acetate ion.
Reaching a Consensus

Abstract Consider a group of individuals who must act together as a team or committee, and suppose that each individual in the group has his own subjective probability distribution for the unknown value of some parameter. A model is presented which describes how the group might reach agreement on a common subjective probability distribution for the parameter by pooling their individual opinions. The process leading to the consensus is explicitly described and the common distribution that is reached is explicitly determined. The model can also be applied to problems of reaching a consensus when the opinion of each member of the group is represented simply as a point estimate of the parameter rather than as a probability distribution.
UPb dating of a carbonate subaerial exposure event

Ten samples of the dolomite fraction from the Lower Ordovician Oneota Formation, directly below the Sauk-Tippecanoe unconformity in Wisconsin, define a 238U206Pb age of 504 ± 14 Ma (MSWD = 190, 206Pb204Pb = 27–85, 238U204Pb = 84–795), which is in agreement with the 500 ± 4 Ma depositional age based on conodont biostratigraphy. The UPb age is interpreted as recording U enrichment of the carbonate during the early stages of subaerial exposure, shortly following deposition. Variable initial Pb isotope ratios, prolonged interaction with meteoric fluids, and later recrystallization associated with the influx of fluids that produced the Permian Upper Mississippi Valley PbZn sulfide deposits are likely factors in producing scatter about the isochron. However, the substantial U enrichment that can be associated with subaerial exposure of carbonates apparently allows precise UPb ages to be obtained despite some isotope mobility that occurs during later diagenetic events. Dolomite samples have 232Th238U < 0.3, much lower than that of average silicate crust, consistent with the low solubility of Th in low-temperature systems and the high solubility of U in oxidized fluids. 204Pb206Pb-208Pb206Pb variations in dolomite and oxide fractions from the Oneota Formation are linearly correlated (208Pb206Pb = 38.955 204Pb206Pb + 0.050; R2 = 0.9996), and are interpreted as indicating that the U and common Pb were derived from Penokean (1.8 Ga) crust exposed to the north (i.e., the Wisconsin Dome) or from its derivative sediments.
FLCs: An analysis of labor management transfers among California agricultural producers

The Immigration and Control Act has been ineffective at controlling the flow of illegal immigration. Instead, it has led to the expansion of farm labor contractor (FLC) usage. Using a survey of California growers, this study analyzes the patterns of increased FLC utilization across regions, commodities, and grower characteristics. The grower's perception about the relative costs and riskiness of FLC versus directly hired labor are found to be the most significant explanatory variables. It is argued that the use of FLCs is expanding beyond its traditional niche of supplying a reliable labor source to incorporate more administrative, regulatory compliance, and risk management activities. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Test-cost optimization and test-flow selection for 3D-stacked ICs

Three-dimensional (3D) integration is an attractive technology platform for next-generation ICs. Despite the benefits offered by 3D integration, test cost remains a major concern, and analysis and tools are needed to understand test flows and minimize test cost. We propose a generic cost model to account for various test costs involved in 3D integration and present a heuristic solution to minimize the overall cost. In contrast to prior work, which is based on explicit enumeration of test flows, we adopt a formal optimization approach, which allows us to select an effective test flow by systematically exploring an exponentially large number of candidate test flows. Experimental results highlight the effectiveness of the proposed heuristic solution, which is compared to an exact approach for a small test case and to a random-selection baseline method for large test cases.
Calcium signaling and episodic secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone in hypothalamic neurons.

Abstract Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released episodically into the pituitary portal vessels and from hypothalamic tissue of male and female rats in vitro. Perifused primary cultures of rat hypothalamic neurons, as well as the GT1-1 GnRH neuronal cell line, spontaneously exhibited episodic GnRH secretion of comparable frequency to that observed with perifused hypothalami. Such pulsatile GnRH release from GT1 cells indicates that GnRH neurons generate rhythmic secretory activity in the absence of input from other cell types. In primary hypothalamic cultures, the frequency of GnRH pulses increased with the duration of culture. The spontaneous pulsatility in GnRH release was abolished in Ca(2+)-deficient medium and was markedly attenuated in the presence of nifedipine, an antagonist of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. The basal intracellular Ca2+ level of perifused GT1-1 cells cultured on coverslips was also dose-dependently reduced by nifedipine. Conversely, depolarization with high K+ increased intracellular Ca2+ and GnRH release in an extracellular Ca(2+)-dependent and nifedipine-sensitive manner. The dihydropyridine Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K 8644 increased basal and K(+)-induced elevations of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and GnRH secretion. These findings demonstrate that pulsatile neuropeptide secretion is an intrinsic property of GnRH neuronal networks and is dependent on voltage-sensitive Ca2+ influx for its maintenance.
The role of surface speciation in the dissolution of albite

Abstract Surface titrations conducted on albite indicate that the concentration of specific surface species as a function of solution pH can be correlated to previously published kinetic data for albite dissolution. Na+ in cation sites is rapidly released into solution to an average depth of 15 A, and is not resorbed over the pH range of 2 to 11. Change in the surface charge of albite shows an inflection point at pH 6.8, which is the zero point of charge of tetrahedrally coordinated Al. Change in surface charge is created predominantly by the protonation of Al surface sites in the acid region, and the deprotonation of Al surface sites in the basic region. The change in surface charge can be modeled by Langmuir adsorption isotherms, which yield adsorption constants of 2.7 × 104 and 9.4 × 104 in the acid and basic regions, respectively, and total adsorption site densities of 21 and 16 sites/nm2, respectively. The dissolution rate of albite appears to be directly proportional to the surface concentration of positively charged Al sites in the acidic region, and to negatively charged Al sites in the basic region, with reaction constants of 10−6.5 and 10−6.1 sec−1, respectively. The surface titration results suggest that the hydrolysis rate of the Al-O-Si bridging bonds controls the kinetics of albite dissolution.
Current and future nursing issues in the home administration of chemotherapy

Abstract Although chemotherapy in the home is now a reality and is seen as positive, there remain many questions that have not been completely answered. Such questions include: Who should be caring for these patients? Which criteria should be used to select the best home care agency? What is the best way to prepare, transport, and administer the chemotherapeutic agents? Which agents are acceptable for home administration? How will the legal and reimbursement issues be resolved? Is home chemotherapy truly safe and beneficial for the patient? Home chemotherapy programs have developed over the past several years and most probably will continue to grow. As oncology nurses we need to identify our very important role in such programs by establishing guidelines and recommendations to ensure that only high quality programs exist. The role of the Oncology Clinical Nurse Specialist in the home care setting will continue to be defined. Home care nurses caring for the oncology client should be certified in this specialty and supported by a Clinical Nurse Specialist in order to significantly affect the quality of living for persons with cancer and their families. 26 Since the nursing profession has the responsibility for the quality of oncology care in the home, so should it assume the authority. Through standards of practice and education based on quality nursing research, we can assure that nursing maintains that responsibility and authority for home oncology and chemotherapy care. No other profession is more qualified.
Compression of Miczocwsules II: Effect of Excipients and Pressure on Physical Propertise accordance with their physical properties

AbstractDmg-resin carplexes were microencapsulated and cmpressed into tablets with the aid of various excipients. Carpression of the microcamules at pressures ranging fran 35 MPa to 281 MPa produced tablets of acceptable physical properties only with Avicel. When Rdex or Fast Flo Lactose were used an unacceptably high tablet friability was seen. The tablet porosities varied in
Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness Distinguished Lecture: Consciousness, “Symbolic Healing,” and the Meaning Response

Symbolic healing, that is, responding to meaningful experiences in positive ways, can facilitate human healing. This process partly engages consciousness and partly evades consciousness completely (sometimes it partakes of both simultaneously). This paper, presented as the Society for the Anthropology of Consciousness Distinguished Lecture at the 2011 AAA meeting in Montreal, reviews recent research on what is ordinarily (and unfortunately) called the “placebo effect.” The author makes the argument that language use should change, and the relevant portions of what is often called the placebo effect should be referred to as the “meaning response.”
Octopamine Uptake and Metabolism in the Insect Nervous System

: Several insect tissues were examined for their ability to take up octopamine in the presence and absence of sodium ions. The cockroach Malpighian tubules, ovary, and ventral nerve cord showed the highest level of sodium-dependent uptake. The adult firefly lantern exhibited substantial sodiumindependent uptake. Some of these tissues were also examined for their ability to metabolize octopamine by N-acetylation. Measurable N-acetyltransferase activity was present in the cockroach ventral nerve cord, tobacco hornworm CNS, and firefly light organ. N-Acetylation is proposed to be the major metabolic pathway for octopamine in the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) nervous system. Several classes of compounds, including octopamine receptor agonists, tricyclic antidepressants, amphetamines, chloroethylbenzylamines, and some experimental insecticides, were tested for their ability to inhibit octopamine uptake and metabolism. The sodium-insensitive component of uptake was not inhibited by most compounds tested, but the sodium-sensitive component was strongly inhibited by xylamine, N-ethyl-N-chloroethyl-o-bromobenzylamine, and their aziridinium ions (60–100%). These compounds also effectively inhibited N-acetyltransferase (IC50 values at or below 1 μM). Other good inhibitors of N-acetyltransferase included desipramine, synephrine, and an experimental insecticide, CGA 132427. Formamidine pesticides had limited effect on both processes, and neither action seems likely to be involved in their octopaminergic actions in vivo. Cocaine was unique in stimulating N-acetyltransferase activity. When inhibition of sodium-sensitive uptake is compared with inhibition of N-acetyltransferase in the cockroach ventral nerve cord, two groups of inhibitors are discernible. Type 1 compounds inhibit uptake without an effect on N-acetyltransferase, whereas type 2 compounds inhibit both processes. These results suggest a functional linkage between the uptake and acetylation of octopamine.
Sudden tensile loading of a rubberlike bar

In uniaxial tension, the stress–strain curve for rubber changes curvature from concave to convex as the strain increases. For sudden tensile loading of a bar, a one-dimensional model that reflects this behavior leads to an under-determined problem reminiscent of that arising in materials capable of undergoing phase transitions. In the latter setting, adding the kinetic relation underlying the phase change to the conventional statement of the problem removes the indeterminacy; the same is true when such a relation is used in a formal way in the problem for rubber. This presents a physical question: What is the evolutionary process at the microscale whose kinetics are needed in the dynamics of rubber?
Factors Influencing the Efficacy of Myclobutanil and Azoxystrobin for Control of Grape Black Rot

We studied several factors influencing the efficacy of the demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide myclobutanil and the strobilurin fungicide azoxystrobin for control of grape black rot, caused by the pathogen Guignardia bidwellii (anamorph Phyllosticta ampelicida). The distribution of sensitivities to myclobutanil among G. bidwellii isolates from an "organic" vineyard (no previous exposure to synthetic fungicides, n = 50) and from a commercial vineyard with a history of DMI applications (n = 60) was determined in vitro. There was little difference between the two populations, and the range of sensitivities was narrow; for the composite population of 110 isolates, the value of the mean effective dose for 50% inhibition (ED50) was 0.04 mg/liter, and the most- and least-sensitive isolates were separated by a factor of 16. When applied from 2 to 6 days after inoculating grape seedlings with a suspension containing either 2 × 104 or 1 × 106 conidia per ml, myclobutanil (60 mg/liter) provided complete control of lesion development. When applied beyond 6 days after inoculation but prior to lesion appearance (9 to 11 days after inoculation, depending on temperature), it provided complete control of pycnidium production in those lesions that developed subsequently. In contrast, when applied 2 to 10 days after inoculation with 2 × 104 conidia per ml, azoxystrobin (128 mg/liter) provided only 78 to 63% control of lesion formation and erratic control of pycnidium formation, although conidium production was reduced by 85 to 68% across this range of treatments. Relatively little control was provided by azoxystrobin treatments following inoculation with 1 × 106 conidia per ml. On leaf disks treated with azoxystrobin at 20 mg/liter prior to inoculation, 8 to 43% of conidia from five G. bidwellii isolates germinated, and 4 to 19% formed appressoria. However, these processes were completely to near-completely inhibited when salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM), which inhibits an alternative respiration pathway utilized to circumvent the activity of strobilurin fungicides, was added to the inoculum at 100 mg/liter. Thus, alternative respiration apparently allowed the conidia to germinate and form appressoria on azoxystrobin-treated leaves. When grape seedlings were sprayed with commercially formulated azoxystrobin at 200 mg/liter and inoculated the next day with G. bidwellii conidia, little or no disease was evident 4 weeks later. However, G. bidwellii pycnidia formed on up to 50% of the leaves from such plants when they were killed with paraquat 1 to 7 days after inoculation. These results suggest that latent infections became established on azoxystrobin-treated leaves and became active after the plants were killed with paraquat.
Operative treatment of ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the elbow in athletes

Reconstruction of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL), with the use of palmaris longus, plantaris, or toe extensor autograft and with transposition and stabilization of the ulnar nerve when indicated and appropriate rehabilitation, is effective in correcting medial instability of the elbow and allows most athletes to return to previous levels of play in less than 1 year. Even if repair is possible, augmentation with an autograft is recommended.
Inversion of a recursive tree traversal

A recursive algorithm for generating the prefix and infix traversaCls of a binary tree is inverted to obtain an algorithm for constructing the tree from its traversals.
Performance of the Keck long wavelength spectrometer

Abstract The W.M. Keck Observatory’s Long Wavelength Spectrometer (LWS), is the mid-infrared facility instrument for imaging and low to moderate resolution spectroscopy for the wavelength range of 3–28 μm. At the heart of LWS is an 128 × 128 Si:As blocked impurity band (BIB) array. The detector is a moderate flux device with a 4-channel readout and well capacity of 1 × 10 7 e − making it properly suited for the thermal background environment for a ground based imaging spectrometer. The commissioned instrument, mounted on the Keck I 10-m telescope, delivers diffraction-limited images of 0.29″ FWHM at 11.7 μm. An overview of the performance characteristics of instrument and telescope are discussed including a detailed analysis of telescope emissivity. LWS scientific programs cover a broad range of topics that extend from the Solar System to extragalactic cosmology. This paper includes three examples that demonstrate the capabilities of Keck I and LWS: a high resolution mapping of the Titan atmosphere, a spectroscopic and imaging study of the compact nebula around the super massive binary RY Scuti, and high resolution imaging of a gravitational lensed quasi-stellar object QSO 2237+0305.
The Utilization of Carotenoids by the Hen and Chick

Abstract THUDICHUM (1869) observed that the pigment in egg yolk was unsaponifiable and was exclusively soluble in fat solvents and gave it the name lutein. Schunk (1903) isolated the egg yolk pigment and showed by spectroscopic study that it was xanthophyll. Kuhn et al. (1931) reported, in contrast to Schunk (1903), that the pigment of the egg yolk was not a single carotenoid, but that the egg yolk contained zeaxanthin in addition to the lutein. Palmer and Kempster (1919) later demonstrated that the carotenoids which are present in egg yolks depended on the carotenoids fed. Mann (1946), and Brown (1938) have subsequently demonstrated that, in general, hens deposit in the egg yolk at least part of any carotenoids consumed. Most of the early work on avian carotenoid metabolism has been done with “total carotenoids” or “total xanthophylls,” or with crude carotenoid extracts and concentrates. However, some work has been done with…
Normative data for the symbol cancellation test in young healthy adults.

Mesulam's (1985) symbol cancellation test (SCT) provides a measure of neglect, organizational process, and attention. Although the SCT lends itself to qualitative interpretation, normative data would be helpful for interpreting errors and time to complete this test. SCT normative data are provided for healthy young adults and the contribution of age, education, ethnicity, and gender to SCT performance is examined. Results were as follows: Age was significant (p < .05) and education approached significance (p = .06) as predictors of SCT performance, but percentile ranks revealed an unstable performance pattern across age and education. Thus, normative data for the SCT are provided for the entire sample (n = 136). Conclusions are as follows: Healthy young adults make few errors and complete the SCT in under 2 min, consistent with general findings (Mesulam, 1985). In addition, a relation likely exists between SCT performance and age and education, but a larger sample seems warranted to reliably model the pat...
Quantitative liquid chromatography of metal tetraalkyls

Abstract A method is presented for determining the concentrations of transition metal tetraalkyls in alkane solutions by liquid chromatography. Data for standard solutions of tetranorbornylchromium and tetranorbornyltitanium demonstrate that concentrations are determined with an average error of 2–4%. The method is particularly useful in the determination of disappearance quantum yields for the metal alkyls.
Multi-objective optimisation of gas carburising process in batch furnaces with endothermic carburising atmosphere

AbstractA methodology for multi-objective optimisation of gas carburising heat treatment has been developed in terms of cost, cycle time and quality of carburised parts. The optimisation strategy is based on: modelling the effect of process parameters (carbon potential, temperature and time) on the mass transfer coefficient and carbon diffusivity in austenite, correlating the observed variations in the process parameters on the carburising kinetics, and developing a robust multiobjective optimisation technique to achieve the desired case depth with minimum cost and minimum case depth variation. The tradeoff between these two objective functions corresponded to carburising at 938·5°C and carbon potential of 1·14 wt-%C. This combination produced the target case depth of 0·6 mm with corresponding ±0·05 mm case depth variation and minimum total cycle cost. Overall, application of this multi-objective optimisation will result in significant energy reduction by shortening cycle time and thereby enhancing furnac...
GPU based real-time instrument tracking with three-dimensional ultrasound

Real-time three-dimensional ultrasound enables new intracardiac surgical procedures, but the distorted appearance of instruments in ultrasound poses a challenge to surgeons. This paper presents a detection technique that identifies the position of the instrument within the ultrasound volume. The algorithm uses a form of the generalized Radon transform to search for long straight objects in the ultrasound image, a feature characteristic of instruments and not found in cardiac tissue. When combined with passive markers placed on the instrument shaft, the full position and orientation of the instrument is found in 3D space. This detection technique is amenable to rapid execution on the current generation of personal computer graphics processor units (GPU). Our GPU implementation detected a surgical instrument in 31 ms, sufficient for real-time tracking at the 25 volumes per second rate of the ultrasound machine. A water tank experiment found instrument orientation errors of 1.1 degrees and tip position errors of less than 1.8mm. Finally, an in vivo study demonstrated successful instrument tracking inside a beating porcine heart.
Rousseau and the Fable: Rethinking the Fabulous Nature of Educational Philosophy.

In this essay Tyson Lewis reevaluates Jean-Jacques Rousseau's assessment of the pedagogical value of fables in Emile's education using Giorgio Agamben's theory of poetic production and Thomas Keenan's theory of the inherent ambiguity of the fable. From this perspective, the “unreadable” nature of the fable that Rousseau exposed is not simply the result of a child's innocence or developmental immaturity, but is rather a structural quality of the fable as such. Moving from a discussion of Rousseau's description of the fable and its relation to early childhood development, Lewis then telescopes outward into an analysis of Emile as a reenactment of the paradoxes of the fable. While Rousseau critiqued the pedagogical value of the fable, his own pedagogical project is informed by many of the qualities that he attributed to the fable. This return of the fable is enacted through Rousseau's writing on three interconnected levels: the question of the maxim, the paradox of truth, and the paradox of freedom. Lewis argues that if we take seriously the textually fabulous dimension of Emile, then the reader is left exposed to the very same anxieties as a child who is confronted with the ambiguity of the fable. In a concluding gesture, Lewis speculates about what Emile's fabulous dimension means for the practice of educational philosophy itself.
Spectrally transmissive IR windows: how they affect your thermography results

Fluoride-type IR windows have good transmittance in the mid-wave IR band (3 to 5 micrometers). But, their transmittance drops rapidly in the long wave IR band (8 to 12 micrometers). Many low-cost plastic IR windows are also spectral in nature. Thermographers who measure the bandpass transmittance of these windows with their IR cameras may be in for a surprise or erroneous results when the IR window or the target temperature changes. Previous work, Proc. InfraMation 2004, indicates this is not a serious problem for certain target temperature ranges. This paper expands on the model to include effects of IR window thickness, IR window temperature changes and wider target temperatures. If you use low-cost IR windows, you need to know the results of this study.
FULLY DEVELOPED LAMINAR HEAT TRANSFER IN CIRCULAR-SEGMENT DUCTS WITH UNIFORM WALL TEMPERATURE

Heat transfer to constant-property, fully developed, laminar flows in circular-segment ducts with uniform wall temperature (T) has been analyzed. Besides representing a compact surface, the segment duct geometry models the flow cross section of a circular tube with a straight-tape insert. Two variations in the T thermal boundary condition are considered: constant axial and circumferential wall temperature, and constant temperature on the curved surface but an adiabatic flat wall. These two conditions model the extremes of the fin effects of a straight-tape insert, i.e., 100% and zero fin efficiencies, respectively. Numerical solutions, obtained by using finite difference techniques, are presented for both the velocity and temperature fields. The isothermal friction factors are in excellent agreement with analytical solutions reported in the literature. The Nusselt number results for the two thermal boundary conditions are presented for different segment shapes, 0° ≤, 6 ≤, 90°, and they represent the lower...
Testing the use of aeromagnetic data for the determination of Curie depth in California

Using California as a test region, we have examined the feasibility of using Curie-isotherm depths, estimated from magnetic anomalies, as a proxy for lithospheric thermal structure. Our method follows previous studies by dividing a regional aeromagnetic database into overlapping subregions and analyzing the power-density spectrum of each subregion, but we have improved on previous studies in two important ways: We increase subregion dimensions in a stepwise manner until long-wavelength anomalies are appropriately sampled, and each subregion spectrum determined from the magnetic anomalies is manually fit with a theoretical expression that directly yields the depth to the bottom of the magnetic layer. Using this method, we have obtained Curie-isotherm depths for California that show a general inverse correlation with measured heat flow, as expected. The Coast Ranges of California are characterized by high heat flow (80–85 mW∕ m2 ) and shallow Curie depths (20–30 km) , whereas the Great Valley has low heat f...
Work in progress: A case study of the types and frequencies of conflict in engineering design dyads

Conflict is a common subject of research on engineering teams. While some conflict may improve team creativity and productivity, it can also detract from team member satisfaction, perceived team efficacy, and overall team performance. In this paper, we present a preliminary framework for identifying conflict within engineering design dyads using a case study approach. Using this framework, we identified instances of conflict in one male-male and one female-male engineering dyad performing a brief engineering design task. We identified more instances of conflict in the male-male dyad than the female-male dyad; however, this conflict appeared to be productive. An implication of this research for educators is to encourage argumentation within the teamwork occurring in their classroom. Students should understand that conflict can be constructive and improve their team's ability to move iteratively through the design process.
Histatin 5-Spermidine Conjugates Have Enhanced Fungicidal Activity and Efficacy as a Topical Therapeutic for Oral Candidiasis

Oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is caused by the opportunistic fungi Candida albicans and is prevalent in immunocompromised patients, individuals with dry mouth, or patients with prolonged antibiotic therapies that reduce oral commensal bacteria. Human salivary histatins, including histatin 5 (Hst 5), are small cationic proteins that are the major source of fungicidal activity of saliva. However, Hsts are rapidly degraded in vivo, limiting their usefulness as therapeutic agents despite their lack of toxicity. We constructed a conjugate peptide using spermidine (Spd) linked to the active fragment of Hst 5 (Hst 54-15), based upon our findings that C. albicans spermidine transporters are required for Hst 5 uptake and fungicidal activity. We found that Hst 54-15-Spd was significantly more effective in killing C. albicans and Candida glabrata than Hst 5 alone in both planktonic and biofilm growth and that Hst 54-15-Spd retained high activity in both serum and saliva. Hst 54-15-Spd was not bactericidal against streptococcal oral commensal bacteria and had no hemolytic activity. We tested the effectiveness of Hst 54-15-Spd in vivo by topical application to tongue surfaces of immunocompromised mice with OPC. Mice treated with Hst 54-15-Spd had significant clearance of candidal tongue lesions macroscopically, which was confirmed by a 3- to 5-log fold reduction of C. albicans colonies recovered from tongue tissues. Hst 54-15-Spd conjugates are a new class of peptide-based drugs with high selectivity for fungi and potential as topical therapeutic agents for oral candidiasis.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Potassium Amide

X-ray powder diffraction studies were made on potassium amide using both photo-graphic and spectrometric techniques. In the order of decreasing intensity the interplanar spacings of the three strongest reflections are: 3.10, 2.96, and 6.15 A. The pyconometric density is 1.57 ± 0.04 g/cc at 24° C. Attempts to index the patterns using both graphical and analytical methods indicate that KNH2 is isomorphous with NaNH2 and is probably orthorhombic.
Gröbner bases and convex polytopes

Grobner basics The state polytope Variation of term orders Toric ideals Enumeration, sampling and integer programming Primitive partition identities Universal Grobner bases Regular triangulations The second hypersimplex $\mathcal A$-graded algebras Canonical subalgebra bases Generators, Betti numbers and localizations Toric varieties in algebraic geometry Some specific Grobner bases Bibliography Index.
Generalized methodology for the comparison of diagnostic imaging instrumentation

Technology is providing exciting new ways to diagnose and characterize disease in a non-invasive manner. The decrease in morbidity and mortality that is realized by substituting pneumoencephalography and cerebral angiography by x-ray computed tomography (CT) and brain radionuclide imaging, or coronary angiography by radionuclide ventriculography and perfusion studies, cannot be easily quantitated by costeffectiveness studies. The dollar value of peace of mind, patient dignity and comfort, avoidance of blindness or loss of limb, stroke, etc., cannot be derived from system analysis.
Calcium/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II expression in motor neurons: Effect of axotomy

Although Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent (CaM) protein kinase II isoforms are present in the nervous system in high amounts, many aspects of in vivo expression, localization, and function remain unexplored. During development, CaM kinase IIα and IIβ are differentially expressed. Here, we examined CaM kinase II isoforms in Sprague-Dawley rat sciatic motor neurons before and after axotomy. We cut the L4-5 spinal nerves unilaterally and exposed the proximal nerve stumps to a fluoroprobe, to retrogradely label the neurons of origin. Anti-CaM kinase IIβ antibody showed immunoreactivity in motor neurons, which decreased to low levels by 4 days after axotomy. We found a similar response by in situ hybridization with riboprobes. The decrease in expression of mRNA and protein was confined to fluorescent motor neurons. For CaM kinase IIα, in situ hybridization showed that the mRNA was in sciatic motor neurons, with a density unaffected by axotomy. However, these neurons were also enlarged, suggesting an up-regulation of expression. Northern blots confirmed an mRNA increase. We were unable to find CaM kinase IIα immunoreactivity before or after axotomy in sciatic motor neuron cell bodies, suggesting that CaM kinase IIα is in the axons or dendrites, or otherwise unavailable to the antibody. Using rats with crush lesions, we radiolabeled axonal proteins being synthesized in the cell body and used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Western blots to identify CaM kinase IIα as a component of slow axonal transport. This differential regulation and expression of kinase isoforms suggests separate and unique intracellular roles. Because we find CaM kinase IIβ down-regulates during axonal regrowth, its role in these neurons may be related to synaptic transmission. CaM kinase IIα appears to support axonal regrowth. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 33: 796–810, 1997
Charge transfer effects in friedel-crafts reactions on germanium

Abstract The reaction of α-chlorotoluene and benzene to yield diphenyl methane, catalyzed by germanium has been studied as a function of the bulk electrical properties of the germanium catalyst. The activation energy for the reaction is a linear function of the Fermi energy as determined from bulk measurements of the resistivity. The p -type catalysts were the most active as would be expected from the Lewis acid nature of known catalysts for Friedel-Crafts reactions.
The role of the obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nurse. Results of two NAACOG surveys.

Editor's Note. One of the most important responsibilities of The Nurses Association of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists is to determine the exact roles of registered obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nurses. To find out precisely what functions OGN nurses perform in their specialty areas, the Committee on Containing Education conducted two surveys of NAACOG members in 1971. Results are reported below. Information obtained through the survey will help the Committee on Continuing Education determine the content of continuing education courses which are now being developed. The survey data was a major source of information for a manual of OGN nursing functions and standards now being prepared by the NAACOG Committee on Nursing Functions and Standards. We invite your comments on the study and your suggestions for future research in this area.
Power-aware resource provisioning in cluster computing

The high power consumption of cluster computing infrastructures has become a major concern. It leads to the increased heat dissipation and decreased reliability of cluster servers. Power management becomes a critical issue in cluster computing. In this paper, we start with an analysis of the relationship between cluster performance and power consumption. We study both the problem of minimizing the average end-to-end delay with the constraint of average energy consumption and the problem of minimizing the average energy consumption of cluster service requests with the constraint of an average end-to-end delay for customer services. We propose novel approaches to solving these two problems. In an effort to maximize profits, a service provider only provides sufficient resources to ensure quality of services (QoS) but often avoid over provisioning to meet QoS defined in a service level agreement (SLA) which is a contract agreed between a customer and a service provider. We present an approach for optimizing SLA-based resource provisioning in cluster computing in that we minimize the total cost of cluster servers owned by a service provider while satisfying the requirements of both a percentile of the end-to-end delay and average energy consumption. Numerical experiments show that the proposed approach is efficient and accurate for the SLA-based resource provisioning problem in cluster computing.
Resonance Raman Studies of Visual Pigments

Visual pigments are composed of a small chromophore (absorption center) called retinal (the aldehyde of vitamin A) covalently linked to surrounding protein, called opsin. The pigments are situated in specialized membranes. The best studied, rhodopsin, is found in velebrate rods, the cells of the retina responsible for low light level vision as opposed to color vision. The purple membrane protein of a bacterial cell called halobacterium halobium also contains retinal as its chromophore surrounded by a colorless protein. The absorption of light by visual pigments causes, eventually, a neural response giving rise to vision. Light absorption by the purple membrane results in protons being pumped across the cell wall of the bacterium; the energy of this electral gradient is then used to produce available chemical energy for the cell in terms of high energy chemical bonds (formation of ATP).
Below the accountability radar screen:What does state policy say about school counseling?

I examine the state policy context of implementing an initiative that transforms the training and role of today’s school counselors. This is essentially a story of political process. Like the implementation of many initiatives, the Transforming School Counselor Initiative (TSCI) is a process of gaining support and then institutionalizing a newly formed vision for the role and function of a profession that has been a part of the school organization for the better part of a century. I examine the educational reform contexts of California, Florida, Georgia, Indiana and Ohio as it relates to implementing the Initiative. As such, the framework for analysis on state policy context draws from macropolitical processes as a way of examining practices and actions of key state stakeholders, such as the state departments of education, the counseling profession’s state-level association and state legislation and statutory language. The final analysis ranks the 5 states with regard to their institutional capacity to fully implement and stabilize reform initiatives related to school counseling.