cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient-tailored connectomics visualization for the assessment of white matter atrophy in traumatic brain injury.

Available approaches to the investigation of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are frequently hampered, to some extent, by the unsatisfactory abilities of existing methodologies to efficiently define and represent affected structural connectivity and functional mechanisms underlying TBI-related pathology. In this paper, we describe a patient-tailored framework which allows mapping and characterization of TBI-related structural damage to the brain via multimodal neuroimaging and personalized connectomics. Specifically, we introduce a graphically driven approach for the assessment of trauma-related atrophy of white matter connections between cortical structures, with relevance to the quantification ofTBI chronic case evolution. This approach allows one to inform the formulation of graphical neurophysiological and neuropsychologicalTBI profiles based on the particular structural deficits of the affected patient. In addition, it allows one to relate the findings supplied by our workflow to the existing body of research that focuses on the functional roles of the cortical structures being targeted. A graphical means for representing patient TBI status is relevant to the emerging field of personalized medicine and to the investigation of neural atrophy.
Evaluation of mutual trust during matchmaking

The authors introduced a new service discovery and matchmaking architecture, layered on top of Globus MDS3, that integrates mutual trust evaluations into the matchmaking process. The architecture adopts a symmetric approach, and checks trust policies of both grid users and resources without requiring policy disclosures. This approach eliminates run-time security failures arising from incompatible user/resource pairs, seamlessly integrates user-side authorization tools with the matchmaking process, and protects naive grid users by allowing a security principal to define policies that control the list of discoverable resources.
Structure and Composition of the Cell Wall of Neurospora crassa

The structure and composition of the cell walls of hyphae of Neurospora crassa were investigated by electron microscopy, chemical analysis, and X-ray diffraction both before and after progressive enzymatic degradation by snail gut enzymes, chitinase, and trypsin. The wall consists of two phases: randomly disposed skeletal microfibrils of chitin only and an amorphous matrix which contains both beta-glucans and protein. The protein contains a high percentage of the amides of aspartic and glutamic acid but no hydroxy-proline or cysteine. A portion of this protein is a component of or is associated with a system of pores which is embedded in the matrix of the wall. These pores, 40 to 70 A in outside diameter, sometimes branch and seem to provide a three-dimensional network from one side of the wall to the other. They may be a general system of transport across the walls.
Investigating Scaling Effects on Virus Capsid-Like Self-Assembly Using Discrete Event Simulations

As self-assembled nanotechnology tackles increasingly complicated structures, biological self-assembly can teach us a great deal about the challenges of more complicated self-assemblies relative to the simpler systems accessible in current practice. The present study uses computer simulations of spherical assemblies inspired by virus capsids to understand the challenges artificial self-assembly systems will face as they approach biological levels of complexity. We quantify system complexity by two parameters-the total size of the completed structure in assembly monomers and the size of the first stable assembly nucleus. Simulations on a set of five model systems capturing a range of values for both parameters reveal several obstacles to extrapolating experience with simple systems to more complex ones. Assemblies of greater size result in total yields and assembly fidelities that are substantially more sensitive to the system parameters of intersubunit binding rates and to concentrations than are those of simpler assemblies. Larger nuclei partially mitigate these effects. Conversely, large assemblies have overall assembly rates with reduced sensitivity to system parameters, a feature that is also only partly mitigated by large nuclei. These changes can be partially understood by theoretical models based on nucleation processes, but such theory itself becomes less informative for the larger systems. We close with a consideration of mechanisms by which these obstacles may be overcome in actual viral systems.
Balance Where it Really Counts

A balanced approach that considers human strengths and weaknesses will lead to a more flattering set of empirical findings, but will distract researchers from focusing on the mental processes that produce such findings and will diminish the practical implications of their work. Psychologists ought to be doing research that is theoretically informative and practically relevant, exactly as they are doing.
DNA dynamics play a role as a basal transcription factor in the positioning and regulation of gene transcription initiation

We assess the role of DNA breathing dynamics as a determinant of promoter strength and transcription start site (TSS) location. We compare DNA Langevin dynamic profiles of representative gene promoters, calculated with the extended non-linear PBD model of DNA with experimental data on transcription factor binding and transcriptional activity. Our results demonstrate that DNA dynamic activity at the TSS can be suppressed by mutations that do not affect basal transcription factor binding–DNA contacts. We use this effect to establish the separate contributions of transcription factor binding and DNA dynamics to transcriptional activity. Our results argue against a purely ‘transcription factor-centric’ view of transcription initiation, suggesting that both DNA dynamics and transcription factor binding are necessary conditions for transcription initiation.
Identification of 5g and 6g terms and revised ionization energies in the Yb ii 4f 14 n l isoelectronic sequence

The 5f-5g transitions in Lu iii through Os viii and the 5f-6g transitions in Hf iv through W vi were identified and used to redetermine the ionization energies of Yb ii, Lu iii, W vi, Re vii, and Os viii. Complete line-lists and energy levels are given for the one-electron spectra Hf iv, W vi and Os viii.
Efficient off-resonance correction for spiral imaging.

A new spiral imaging technique incorporates the acquisition of a field map into imaging interleaves. Variable density spiral trajectories are designed to oversample the central region of k-space, and interleaves are acquired at two different echo times. A field map is extracted from this data and multifrequency reconstruction is used to form an off-resonance corrected image using the entire dataset. Simulation, phantom, and in vivo results indicate that this technique can be used to achieve higher image and/or field map spatial resolution compared to conventional techniques. Magn Reson Med 45:521-524, 2001.
On the feasibility of effective opportunistic spectrum access

Dynamic spectrum access networks are designed to allow today's bandwidth hungry "secondary devices" to share spectrum allocated to legacy devices, or "primary users." The success of this wireless communication model relies on the availability of unused spectrum, and the ability of secondary devices to utilize spectrum without disrupting transmissions of primary users. While recent measurement studies have shown that there is sufficient underutilized spectrum available, little is known about whether secondary devices can efficiently make use of available spectrum while minimizing disruptions to primary users.In this paper, we present the first comprehensive study on the presence of "usable" spectrum in opportunistic spectrum access systems, and whether sufficient spectrum can be extracted by secondary devices to support traditional networking applications. We use for our study fine-grain usage traces of a wide spectrum range (20MHz--6GHz) taken at 4 locations in Germany, the Netherlands, and Santa Barbara, California. Our study shows that on average, 54% of spectrum is never used and 26% is only partially used. Surprisingly, in this 26% of partially used spectrum, secondary devices can utilize very little spectrum using conservative access policies to minimize interference with primary users. Even assuming an optimal access scheme and extensive statistical knowledge of primary user access patterns, a user can only extract between 20-30% of the total available spectrum. To provide better spectrum availability, we propose frequency bundling, where secondary devices build reliable channels by combining multiple unreliable frequencies into virtual frequency bundles. Analyzing our traces, we find that there is little correlation of spectrum availability across channels, and that bundling random channels together can provide sustained periods of reliable transmission with only short interruptions.
Evaluation of Sires for Traits Associated with Herdlife of Grade and Registered Holstein Cattle

Abstract Six traits concerning herdlife of daughters of 199 widely used Holstein bulls were evaluated by best linear unbiased prediction methodology. Trait 1 indicated presence of DHIA termination code 3 through 7 in first lactation; trait 2 was trait 1 plus cows sold for dairy. Survivals to 48, 54, and 84 mo were traits 3 to 5. Age when last in herd was in months using the final lactation. Independent data sets were based on whether cows were grade or registered and different herds. All models included age at calving and herd-year born; some models included an indicator of whether a cow was registered. Grade cows left herds at younger ages. Correlations of separate sire estimates of each trait were less than 1 in each case, even after adjustment for numbers of daughters and heritabilities. Survival of grade and registered daughters may be different genetic traits. Estimates for traits of herdlife of sires were favorably related to Predicted Differences for yields and percent culled; the relationship to Predicted Differences for type depended on which daughters were evaluated.
The Study of Culture and Cognition

In this essay, I argue that the Sociology of Culture and Cognition, and indeed, Sociology as a discipline, would do well to join in larger conversations concerning the interconnections of culture, thought, and action. In the pages to follow, I discuss why I make this assertion as well as how such a feat might be accomplished.
The in-hospital mortality rate for upper GI hemorrhage has decreased over 2 decades in the United States: a nationwide analysis

Background Despite major advances in upper GI hemorrhage (UGIH) treatment, UGIH mortality has been reported as unchanged for the past 50 years. Objective To measure the UGIH in-hospital mortality rate and other important outcome trends from 1989 to 2009. Design A longitudinal study of UGIH hospitalizations by using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Setting Acute-care hospitals. Patients All patients admitted for UGIH. Patients who bled after admission were excluded. Main Outcome Measurements UGIH in-hospital mortality rate, incidence, in-hospital endoscopy and endoscopic therapy rates, length of hospital stay, and total in-hospital charges. Results The non-variceal UGIH mortality rate decreased from 4.5% in 1989 to 2.1% in 2009. The non-variceal UGIH incidence declined from 108 to 78 cases/100,000 persons in 1994 and 2009, respectively. In-hospital upper endoscopy and endoscopic therapy rates increased from 70% and 10% in 1989 to 85% and 27% in 2009, respectively. The early endoscopy rate increased from 36% in 1989 to 54% in 2009. The median length of hospital stay decreased from 4.5 days in 1989 to 2.8 days in 2009. Median total hospitalization charges increased from $9249 in 1989 to $20,370 in 2009. At the national level, the UGIH direct in-hospital economic burden increased from $3.3 billion in 1989 to $7.6 billion in 2009. Similar trends were found for variceal UGIH. Limitations Retrospective data, administrative database. Conclusion In-hospital mortality from UGIH has been decreasing over the past 2 decades, with a concomitant increase in rate of endoscopy and endoscopic therapy. However, despite decreasing length of stay, the total economic burden of UGIH is increasing.
Theory of Molecular Dissociation in Shocked Nitrogen and Oxygen

Recent measurements of Nellis, et. al.1,2 provide evidence for shock-induced dissociation in molecular nitrogen and oxygen. Nitrogen shows a dramatic increase in compressibility above about 30 GPa, with densities in the range expected for a monatomic fluid. This effect is much less obvious in the oxygen data, but it is reasonable to assume that dissociation occurs in that case as well. Static measurements on the solid show no evidence of a transition from a molecular to a monatomic form in nitrogen up to 52 GPa3 or in oxygen up to 13 GPa.4 Calculations by McMahan and LeSar5 predict the transition to occur at about 100 GPa in solid nitrogen. Hence, high temperatures are believed to drive shock-induced dissociation.
Interplay between ER Exit Code and Domain Conformation in CFTR Misprocessing and Rescue

Impaired conformation underlies CFTR misprocessing in cystic fibrosis. Defective conformation interferes with ER export and post-ER stability. In ΔF508 CFTR, low temperature or R555K improves both ...
Alliances versus Federations: An Extension of Riker's Analysis of Federal Formation

This essay explores the distinction between federations and alliances and asks the question: When will states choose to federate rather than ally? William Riker argues that a necessary condition for a federal state's formation is that those offering the federal bargain must seek to “expand their territorial control, usually either to meet an external military or diplomatic threat or to prepare for military or diplomatic aggression and aggrandizement.” This argument, though, does not tell us why states sometimes respond to threats by forming federations and at other times by forming alliances. Here we address this issue directly and use a formal model of alliance formation to illustrate our arguments. Briefly, that model assumes states have initial endowments of military and economic resources, where economic resources enter utility functions directly and military capability influences preference only insofar as it determines a state's ability to counter or make threats. State can divert economic resources to military spending, and alliances, in turn, are self-enforcing coalitions designed to augment a state's offensive or defensive capabilities. Federations, which serve the same ends as alliances, are coalitions that need to be enforced by the “higher authority” established when the federation is formed. Our assumption is that states form federations in lieu of alliances if and only if (1) a stable alliance partition does not exist or, if one exists, it is dominated by an unstable partition and (2) if the cost of the loss of sovereignty to each state in the federation is offset by the gains from joining it, relative to what that state secures as its security value.
Management of pharyngoesophageal spasm with Botox

Pharyngoesophageal spasm following laryngectomy can result in failure of tracheoesophageal (TE) speech and dysphagia. Chemical denervation with Clostridium botulinum toxin (Botox) is effective in relieving pharyngeal constrictor spasm, thereby facilitating TE speech production. This article reviews the technique, results,and complications regarding the use of Botox in the management of TE speech failure associated with pharyngoesophageal spasm.
An interferer-tolerant receiver with active feedback for cognitive radio applications

A receiver architecture covering 54–864 MHz and suitable for tolerating large interferers is presented in 0.18 µm CMOS. It alleviates the problem of LO harmonics mixing with the aid of a heterodyne conversion, and by employing an active feedback, provides an IIP3 of better than +13.4 dBm, comparable with state-of-the-art. Noise canceling techniques are used to improve the NF of the receiver so that the receiver achieves NF of 8.6 and 18 dB in the absence, and presence of an interferer, as strong as 0 dBm, respectively.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL OCCURRENCE OF BEET ARMYWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) MOTHS IN MISSISSIPPI

Throughout 1994-2000, adult beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) populations were monitored in the delta and hill regions of Mississippi using pheromone traps. Significant differences in the mean number of moths trapped were found among different geographical areas of the state. A trend was observed where the greatest number of moths was found in the Mississippi Delta, located in the western region of the state. The lowest number of moths was found in the hills located in the eastern region of the state. An annual profile of beet armyworm populations in the western section of the Mississippi Delta also revealed that wide-scale immigration of this pest typically begins at 200 Julian days (mid-July). This date could be used as a benchmark to determine when and if population levels are high enough to have the potential to cause economic damage to crops in the Mississippi Delta.
Biomechanical and sensory parameters of the human esophagus at four levels

The biomechanical and sensory characteristics of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and those of the striated and smooth muscle portions of the esophagus have not been compared in humans. Our aim...
Distance Education: Understanding Faculty and Students

The increase in computer technology and its use by both faculty and students marks the inevitable establishment of online distance learning as a viable teaching option within higher education, particularly in gerontology. This article discusses the importance of understanding faculty and students in order to provide successful distance education courses. Observations of students taking online gerontology courses, and a traditional classroom course, offered at the University of Southern California Andrus Gerontology Center, are presented for illustrative purposes.
Cold War in a Cold Land: Fighting Communism on the Northern Plains . By David W. Mills.

Cold War in a Cold Land: Fighting Communism on the Northern Plains . By David W. Mills. (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2015. ix + 300 pp. Illustrations, maps, notes, bibliography, index. $29.95.) C old War in a Cold Land joins the growing body of scholarship that explores how communities and regions responded to federal Cold War programs. David W. Mills is interested in the Northern Great Plains states of North and South Dakota and Montana, where he traces local responses to now-familiar events such as McCarthyism, civil defense initiatives, the Cuban Missile Crisis, the construction of military installations, and the proliferation of nuclear missile silos. While some of this material has been covered … g.heefner{at}neu.edu
200 PREDICTING HUMAN FETAL MALNUTRITION (FM)

We hypothesize that during pregnancy maternal nutrition regulates metabolism of all rapidly replicating cells, including maternal leukocytes, as well as those of fetus & placenta. Fetal malnutrition complicates about 6-8% of all pregnancies in the U.S.A. FM babies are at high risk for congenital anomalies & impaired postnatal physical & mental development. It is often unrecognized when birth wt. < 2500 g. @ 37+ weeks gestation, is used to identify FM babies, since babies are too small if their observed size (wt., length, head circumference, arm & thigh muscle area, & fat folds, etc.) is more than one SD (approx. 450 g.) below their expected size when adjusted for sex, gestational age and maternal age, ht., pre-preg. wt., race and parity. Currently, prospective data have been obtained from 584 mother-baby pairs. 294 had no detected complications during pregnancy and their data was used to adjust baby size. Operationally, maternal dietary intake, plasma levels of 11 nutrients & 19 amino acids, hair root protein & DNA, & metabolism of maternal leukocytes as an indicator of fetal cell metabolism, all measured only once at mid-pregnancy, were used as independent variables to predict deviations from expected baby size. Significant multiple correlation coefficients were found for principal components relating maternal mid-pregnancy nutrient, amino acids, & leukocyte measures to adjusted birth size of the baby These data support our hypothesis. The prediction equations require further refinement, but offer promise to predict fetal growth & identify mothers at mid-pregnancy who are carrying malnourished fetuses. Supported by USPHS NICHD-06915
Trigonometric Identities through Calculus

(1990). Trigonometric Identities through Calculus. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 21, No. 5, pp. 403-403.
Aeroacoustics of a supersonic rectangular jet: Experiments and LES predictions

We investigate the noise from isothermal and heated under-expanded supersonic turbulent jets issuing from a rectangular nozzle of aspect ratio 4:1 using high-fidelity unstructured large-eddy simulation (LES) and acoustic projection based on the Ffowcs-Williams Hawkings (FWH) equations. The nozzle/flow interaction is directly included by simulating the flow in and around the nozzle in addition to the jet plume downstream. A grid resolution study is performed and the high-fidelity simulation results are validated against laboratory measurements using a nozzle of precisely the same geometry. An isothermal jet and a heated jet sharing the same jet Mach number (Mj = 1.4) are simulated and the results are compared to one another and to the experimental measurements to examine heating effects in the context of supersonic rectangular jet noise.
Extracellular Mg(2+)-dependent Na+, K+, and Cl- efflux in squid giant axons

An extracellular Na+ (Nao)-dependent Mg2+ efflux process that requires intracellular ATP has been proposed as the sole mechanism responsible for Mg2+ extrusion in internally dialyzed squid axons (1...
HIV/AIDS in Gaoping District of Nanchong City,1999-2010

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of AIDS in Gaoping district,so as to provide basis for formulating control strategy.Methods HIV/AIDS epidemic situation report,integrated monitoring,voluntary consultation,epidemiological data collection statistics of Gaoping district from 1999 to 2010 were collected and were analyzed with descriptive epidemiological methods.Results From 1999-2010,74 cases of HIV/AIDS were reported at Gaoping district,with the infection rate of 12.76/105.The ratio of men and women with HIV/AIDS was 2.21∶1;Sexual contact,standing for 58.11% of the total,was the major channel of transmission.Among all age groups,people ranging from 20 to 39 was the most highly infected which stand for 71.62%;40.54% of the patients were unemployed,making them the largest group among vocational distribution chart.29.73% of them were detected by consultation,followed by 20.27% from project survey.Seventy cases were reported from 2005 to 2010,making 94.59% of the total number in 11 years.The trend of HIV/AIDS is in rapid growth.Conclusion From 2005 to 2010,Gaoping district experienced a fast growth of HIV/AIDS patients.Sexual contact became major way for transmission.Comprehensive monitoring and intervention measures should be adopted to control the spread of AIDS.
The "stat" problem

"Stat" testing is a major asset and a major liability of the hospital laboratory. The ability to perform critically important tests in large numbers with great speed and with reliable precision and accuracy has developed to a remarkable degree. Nonetheless, the demand for "stat" service so outstrips the supply in most hospitals that delivery of this service often falls short of the expectations of the physicians who order the tests with disturbing frequency.
Water–Energy–Food Nexus—Commonalities and Differences in the United States and Europe

This chapter synthesizes the contributions of Part 1 and Part 2 of this volume and sets the stage for Part 3. Institutional analysis is applied to summarize the lessons about water management from the preceding chapters, identifying commonalities and differences in the United States and in Europe. A number of these chapters discussed the ways that institutions in the food–energy–water nexus function during extreme events such as droughts when competition for water resources is highest, revealing various interactions and feedbacks. While the details vary, a recurring theme is that existing institutions fail to absorb all the system stresses during extreme events. As one explanation of this lack institutional resilience, it is argued that water has a special set of inherent characteristics that set it apart from other natural resources. The complex properties of water resources require management approaches that are situational, multifaceted, and adaptive. Opportunities and barriers for institutional innovations are briefly discussed.
Using Statistical Evidence to Prove the Malpractice Standard of Care: Bridging Legal, Clinical, and Statistical Thinking

Increasingly, there have been calls to supplement expert opinion testimony in medical malpractice cases with more objective empirical evidence of various kinds to establish the legal standard of care. Examples include proposals to incorporate clinical practice guidelines and the proposals made by Professor Meadow, Professor Hartz, and their colleagues in this Symposium to utilize physician surveys and epidemologic studies of physician practice patterns. While empiricizing the standard of care is an intriguing and worthy goal, implementing these proposals poses some substantial challenges. A number of complexities arise from differences in the way that legal triers of fact, physicians, and researchers reason through problems - especially the different meanings that they attach to the concept of "significance." Additionally, there are many methodological and practical issues associated with conducting empirical studies of physician behavior and introducing them as evidence in a jury trial. The experience of attempting to integrate clinical practice guidelines into malpractice litigation suggests that practical and conceptual problems involved in merging the cultures of medicine, science, and law should not be underestimated.
Estimation as analogy-making: Evidence that preschoolers’ analogical reasoning ability predicts their numerical estimation

Abstract All humans and many animals can represent approximate quantities of perceptual objects nonlinguistically by using the Approximate Number System (Dehaene, 1997/2011). Early in life, children in numerate societies also learn to describe this system using number words. How do linguistic representations of number become related to nonlinguistic representations of number? We hypothesize that the analogical process of structure mapping (Gentner, 1983) helps children to form mappings between the linguistic and nonlinguistic number systems on the basis of structural similarities between the two systems. To test this, we tested and analyzed 47 four-and-five year olds’ performance on estimation and analogy tasks. We found that analogical reasoning ability uniquely predicted several components of estimation performance, even when controlling for other domain-general cognitive skills. This provides strong evidence that analogical processes are uniquely related to the development of early estimation.
The Era of the “Economic Miracle” and the Force of Context in Ferrante’s My Brilliant Friend

In 1963, President John Kennedy described Italy’s economic miracle in this manner: “the growth of […] nation’s economy, industry, and living standards in the postwar years has truly been phenomenal. A nation once literally in ruins, beset by heavy unemployment and inflation, has expanded its output and assets, stabilized its costs and currency, and created new jobs and new industries at a rate unmatched in the Western world.” While history and sociology speak volumes about the economy, My Brilliant Friend chronicles the lives of characters living through the social and cultural upheavals. The era presented both opportunities and challenges. While Elena and Nino embody the rise of the lower middle class through socially sanctioned opportunity, the Solaras rise through criminality.
Hell and high water: Precipitation shocks and conflict violence in the Philippines

• Precipitation shocks exacerbate the incidence and severity ofinsurgent conflicts in the Philippines.
Orbital ‘pseudo-abscess’ in a patient with spontaneous subluxation of globe: A case report

Abstract Purpose We describe this case and review the literature, to allow this to be a cautionary tale in the interpretation of fluid collections in the setting of spontaneous globe subluxations (GS). Observations A 58 year old female, with a past medical history of globe subluxation, was diagnosed radiographically with an orbital abscess, and managed with an orbitotomy. However, no abscess was identified operatively and subsequent imaging showed only extravasation of serous fluid. Conclusions and importance We postulate that in the case here, the fluid collection posterior to the globe was in fact due to increase venous congestion and decrease venous return posteriorly from the globe to the cone, leading to an efflux of clear serous fluid. We postulate that in the case of GS without other clinical indications suggesting orbital abscess one can consider a posterior globe collection of fluid to be an extravasation of serous fluid, secondary to increased venous congestion.
Site-Specific Knowledge Important for Conserving Biodiversity

Developing site-specific strategies for conserving biodiversity in the Eastern Arc forests requires an understanding of both the ecology of the forests as well as the political and socio-economic factors influencing communities living adjacent to forests. I shall limit my discussion to five broad categories: 1. Patterns of distribution of biodiversity. 2. Trends in populations of keystone and indicator species. 3. Critical ecological and evolutionary processes. 4. 4. Minimum area requirements of extinction-prone species. 5. 5. Relationship of local people to adjacent forests.
AVALIAÇÃO DA RESPOSTA CICATRICIAL À APLICAÇÃO DÉRMICA DE SCAFFOLD A BASE DE AMIDO ADITIVADO EM FERIDAS CIRÚRGICAS DE ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS EM MODELO EXPERIMENTAL

O presente estudo teve por objetivo desenvolver e investigar experimentalmente as potencialidades de aplicacao de bioadesivo a base de amido aditivado, como sistema patches transdermico e intradermico epitelial, em formato de filme monolaminar tubular, visando a acao futura para administracao de anti-inflamatorios, antimicrobianos e atuacao terapeutica. Foram utilizados 20 coelhos machos e femeas, da raca Nova Zelândia, adultos, separados em quatro grupos com cinco animais que passaram por cirurgia para realizacao de defeito dermico. O grupo GA e o grupo GB (controle dermico e intradermico negativos respectivamente) nao receberam biomaterial na ferida. Os animais do grupo GC receberam o biofilme adesivo de forma dermica que foi suturado sobre a ferida e o grupo GD, recebeu o biofilme adesivo de forma intradermica. Aos sete e 14 dias de pos-operatorio os animais foram anestesiados novamente para criacao do defeito para biopsia. A analise estatistica da planimetria foi conduzida a partir da media dos grupos, utilizando-se o teste de Tukey a significância de 1%, atraves do software computacional estatistico SAS®. A pesquisa demonstrou que o biofilme utilizado ate sete dias reduz o processo inflamatorio e estimula a neoangiogense.
Low molecular weight polymethacrylates as multi-functional lubricant additives

Abstract Low molecular weight, moderately polar polymethacrylate polymers are explored as potential multi-functional lubricant additives. The performance of these novel additives in base oil is evaluated in terms of their viscosity index, shear stability, and friction and wear. The new compounds are compared to two benchmarks, a typical polymeric viscosity modifier and a fully-formulated oil. Results show that the best performing of the new polymers exhibit viscosity index and friction comparable to that of both benchmarks, far superior shear stability to either benchmark (as much as 15× lower shear loss), and wear reduction significantly better than a typical viscosity modifier (lower wear volume by a factor of 2–3). The findings also suggest that the polarity and molecular weight of the polymers affect their performance which suggests future synthetic strategies may enable this new class of additives to replace multiple additives in typical lubricant formulations.
Nature of Science Misconceptions: A Source of Cultural Conflict

Common misconceptions regarding the nature of science are often reinforced in American classrooms. Here, we present an accurate description of the nature of science and discuss at what points in this construct misconceptions often originate. We explore the cultural conflicts related to these misconceptions, and then begin to examine how these apply to outreach. Misconceptions are notably difficult to correct, in part because individuals can often hold their understanding of science so deeply and fundamentally that they find it difficult even to imagine that their ideas might be wrong. Effective strategies for education about misconceptions, including helping individuals to identify and change their misconceptions, are described.
Deep Structured Prediction: A New Formulation for Person Re-Identification

Person re-identification (re-ID) based on visual appearance has been an intensively researched area in computer vision and forensic multimedia analysis. Its goal is to associate person detections under different spatial-temporal scenarios across different camera views. Existing efforts on person re-ID can generally be categorized into two approaches: conventional image retrieval and highly-crafted re-ID structures. In this paper, we formulate person re-ID, for the very first time, as an energy-based deep structured prediction problem without the need of explicitly specifying the graph topology of the re-ID structure in advance. We also integrate a structure sampling mechanism, Randomized Dropout Structure Sampling (RDSS), into structured prediction while all the existing works assume that structure samples are readily available for learning. Experiment results show that our new formulation outperforms conventional image retrieval and highly crafted re-ID structures.
The Impact of Alternative Forms of Earnings Management on the Returns-Earnings Relation

This paper examines the impact of the management of reported earnings on the returns-earnings relationship. Two alternative types of earnings management behavior are modeled: myopic earnings management and income smoothing. In each setting, the manager of a firm privately observes the realized earnings of the firm and issues earnings reports, which may be biased relative to realized earnings. Under myopic earnings management (MEM), the manager has a short term planning horizon and always biases reported earnings upwards by the maximum amount possible. Under income smoothing (IS), on the other hand, the manager has a longer term planning horizon and thus trades off current gains against possible future gains. In this setting the manager underreports when realized earnings are high and over-reports when realized earnings are low. The returns-earnings relationships are characterized under the two type of earnings management setting, and are shown to differ both in average slope and shape. The slope of the returns-earnings relationship, or its earnings response coefficient (ERC) under MEM is, on average, lower than if the earnings report was not managed (UR). Under IS, on the other hand, the ERC is higher, on average, than under UR. Further, under MEM the returns-earnings relationship is convex for positive earnings surprises and concave for negative earnings surprises. In contrast, under IS the returns-earnings relationship is concave for positive earnings surprises and convex for negative earnings surprises. The above characterization of the returns-earnings relationship under IS is consistent with (and provides an alternative explanation for) the S-shape documented in prior empirical studies. However, the returns-earnings relationship characterized under MEM has a lower average slope and a different shape. Thus, the results in this paper highlight the importance of conditioning any specification of the returns-earnings relationship on the type of earnings management in existence. Furthermore, this paper provides explicit non-linear functional forms for the returns-earnings relationship under each type of earnings management.
OR43 Racial inequity among 0-ABDR mismatched kidney recipients

Aim The implementation of the new Kidney Allocation Schema (KAS) in Dec. 2014 brought about important changes to deceased donor (DD) kidney allocation. Most notable has been for Highly Sensitized candidates who receive national, regional and local priority based on CPRA. However, the second ranked allocation category, 0-ABDR mismatch (MM), has actually experienced a drop in transplant rates from ∼8.2% pre-KAS to ∼4.7%, 1 yr post-KAS(AJT 16:1834; 2016). As both equity and utility are part of UNOS mission, we sought to assess the racial makeup of 0-ABDR MM recipients and donors. Methods A data request was made via the OPTN web site (optn.transplant.hrsa.gov/data/request-data/) and the returned data-set contained 1,517 0-ABDR mismatched kidney recipients transplanted between 12/04/2014 and 6/30/2017. Demographics collected included: CPRA, Race, Gender and HLA type. Analysis focused on the racial distribution of recipients by the following CPRA groups: 100%, ⩾50 0 Results Among 0-ABDR MM recipients, 47% were females while 60% of the donors were male. The overall racial distribution of DDs for 0-MM recipients was: White: 78.4%, Black: 4.2%, Hispanic: 14.2%, Am Indian-Alaska Native: 0.7%, Hawaiian-Pacific Islander: 0.06% and Multiracial: 0.7% which differs from all DDs. The racial distribution of 0-MM recipients, by CPRA group, is shown in Fig. 1. Conclusions Across all CPRA groups, African Americas (AA) and Asians receive disproportionally fewer 0-ABDR mismatch allografts than Whites or Hispanics when compared to their proportion of the wait list. Among the 100% CPRA group AAs receive more transplants than Hispanics likely due to KAS national allocation policy. However, in all other CPRA groups, Whites and Hispanics receive more allografts than any other group likely due to the racial composition of DDs. Given that the frequency of 0-ABDR MM transplants has dropped significantly since KAS, and the clear racial inequity in allocation, it may be time to reassess the priority/utility of this category. Download : Download high-res image (259KB) Download : Download full-size image
Apparent Maladaptive Oviposition Site Choice of Cope's Gray Treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) When Offered an Array of Pond Conditions

The ability of organisms to respond adaptively to anthropogenic environmental change is behaviorally mediated, and recent studies indicate that anthropogenic acidification impairs behavioral responses by impacting olfactory abilities of aquatic organisms. The effect on behavior of other stressors, such as plant secondary compounds, in concert with low pH, has not been investigated. In this study we sought to a) determine whether the oviposition site choices of adult female Cope's Gray Treefrogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) correspond with the pH and tannin conditions that maximize tadpole survival and performance in the laboratory and b) investigate the impacts of mildly acidic conditions, with and without the added stress of tannins, on the survival, development, and antipredator behavior of this frog's tadpoles. We conducted a field oviposition experiment to determine adult female site choice and reared tadpoles in acidic and tannic conditions to investigate survival and antipredator behaviors. Female ovipositio...
Irregular Subarray Technology for Wide-Angle Scanning Phased Arrays

Irregular subarray technology is presented in this paper for wide-angle scanning phased arrays. Based on the exact set cover theory and dancing links algorithm, a solution of the exact partition is developed using different kinds of irregular subarrays. Simulation results show that the irregular subarray architecture exhibits good radiation performances as well as no-sub array architecture.
Occupational Motivations, Satisfactions, and Mobility

There is considerable evidence that people show persistent patterns of personality, intelligence, interests, and achievement throughout their lives. Such traits, a concern of psychologists and educators, also have a major bearing on the recruitment and productivity of scientists. The question, ‘What makes a scientist?’, remains open, but one approach is the recent sociopsychological analysis of eminent research scientists:
The Underminers: Booming Illicit Trade of Roll Your Own and Waterpipe Tobacco in Turkey.

Objectives The aim of this study is to specify the reasons and extents of illicit Roll-Your-Own (RYO) and waterpipe tobacco (WPT) markets which broke out in Turkey and to determine the destruction of these markets over the effectiveness of main tobacco control measures, the effect of this destruction on increase in tobacco use and the measures that can be taken. Materials and methods Reliable data about illicit trade are quite limited. This study was prepared through using the recommended methods on illicit trade in "Methods for Evaluating Tobacco Control Policies" published by the International Agency For Research On Cancer (IARC) and "Understand, Measure, and Combat Tobacco Smuggling" published by the World Bank. Results RYO and WPT markets are almost totally illicit in Turkey. These markets serve to tobacco outbreak by increasing total tobacco use far beyond the official data through its size surpassing 30% of total consumption and they have begun to invalidate all of the principle tobacco control measures by hindering and undermining them. Conclusion In order to implement tobacco control measures effectively in Turkey, these illicit markets must be included in system by doing necessary regulations promptly. It is strongly needed that illicit RYO and WPT production and trade should be described as newly emerged threat areas in tobacco control literature, since other countries may suffer from similar problems.
Conclusion, Implication, and Future Research

In this chapter, the summary, conclusion, theoretical and practical implications, and future research areas are presented.
An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, 1978–2012

Mike Martin’s excellent book, An Intimate War: An Oral History of the Helmand Conflict, is an account of the ongoing war in Helmand, the southern province of Afghanistan, from the civil war of the ...
405 Impact of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) on tumor microenvironment (TME) in ovarian cancer – a subanalysis from a Phase I clinical trial

Background Immunogenic cell death has been suggested as a mechanism for HIPEC, through the release of heat shock proteins, and resulting in activation of tumor-specific T cells. Methods This is a subgroup analysis of a Phase I trial using HIPEC with cisplatin 75 mg/m2 at time of optimal cytoreduction. Metastatic tumors from nine ovarian cancer patients were collected intraoperatively before and after HIPEC. Differentially expressed genes and pathways of pre- and post-HIPEC tumors were analyzed via whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS). Immunofluorescent (IF) staining and multispectral imaging were used to determine composition and PD-1 expression of CD8+ and conventional CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), using antibodies against CD8, FOXP3, PD-1, and pancytokeratin (to distinguish cancer islands from stroma). Kaplan-Meier and log-rank tests compared the overall and progression free survivals (PFS) of patients with low versus high%PD-1 changes, based on dichotomization with respect to the median%PD-1 change. Results Heatshock proteins comprised the top differentially upregulated genes in HIPEC-treated tumors. Gene set enrichment analysis revealed significant upregulation of immune pathways, including antigen processing/presentation. IF staining demonstrated increased%PD-1 in cancer islands of CD8+ and CD4+ TILs after HIPEC. In stroma, the largest%PD-1 change occurs in an exceptional responder (PFS, OS 5 years), while the lowest%PD-1 change occurred in a poor responder. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrate superior PFS in patients with high stromal PD-1 changes in TILs after HIPEC. Conclusions Increased PD-1 expression after HIPEC suggests early HIPEC-induced T cell activation, and is associated with improved survival, implicating a potential future role for PD-1 inhibitors following HIPEC in ovarian cancer.
Quantifying Jahn-Teller distortion at the nanoscale with picometer accuracy using position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction

The Jahn-Teller distortion in LaMnO3 is quantitatively measured with picometer precision using position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction acquired at the unit-cell level in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). This provides a platform for accurate detection of local 3D structural information at defects and interfaces on the atomic scale.
Use of Vasopressors in Extremely Preterm Infants in First Week of Life.

Objective A significant variability exists for diagnosis and treatment of hypotension in extremely preterm infants. Benefits of the use of vasopressors remain unclear. We wanted to identify the risk factors associated with use of vasopressors in the first week of life and their impact on outcomes of extremely preterm infants. Study Design Retrospective review of all newborns ≤28 weeks of gestational age (GA) admitted in neonatal intensive care unit from October 1, 2012 to October 31, 2015 done. Data regarding antenatal and neonatal characteristics and outcomes were recorded. Study infants were divided into two cohorts and compared based on vasopressor use. Chi-square, t-test, and multiple logistic regression were performed as appropriate and significance set at p Results Of 213 extremely preterm infants, 90 (42.3%) received vasopressors in first week of life. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) at admission in these infants was significantly lower than that of infants who did not require vasopressors (27 ± 8 vs. 30 ± 6 mmHg, p Conclusion Lower birthweight, low 5-minute Apgar's score, and admission hypothermia are characteristics associated with early use of vasopressors in extremely preterm infants. Infants treated with vasopressors are at a higher risk of developing severe IVH. Key Points
Postoperative pain: a review of emerging therapeutic options.

Introduction Postoperative pain is often managed by opioid medications, even though they carry a risk of adverse effects such as vomiting, constipation, sedation, respiratory depression and physical dependence. Furthermore, opioid use in the healthcare setting has likely contributed to the epidemic. However, the mismanagement of postoperative pain can result in delayed recovery time, impaired physical function, increased risk of morbidity and mortality, chronic pain, and higher healthcare costs. Areas covered This review explores emerging therapeutic options and strategies in the management of acute postoperative pain and focuses on opioid-sparing, multimodal analgesia. This includes regional anesthetic techniques, non opioid pharmacotherapy, novel opioids and non-pharmacologic therapy. We have also discussed examples of novel analgesics and formulations which have potential benefits in reducing postoperative pain and opioid use after surgery. Expert opinion The development of novel regional anesthesia techniques allows for opioid minimization in increasing number of surgical procedures. This synergizes with the availability of novel non-opioid analgesic adjucts. In addition, several novel opioid drugs have been developed which may be pathway selective and associated with less adverse effect than conventional opioids.