cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Status and mechanism of coagulation in children with acute stage Kawasaki disease

Objective To study the changes and mechanism of blood coagulation in children with Kawasaki disease(KD) in acute stage.Methods There were 46 KD children,of them 18 with coronary arteritis as group A and 28 without coronary arteritis as group B.Indexes induding PT,TT,APTT,FIB and PLT were determined and compared between both groups. Results Compared with group B,the PT was shorter and the FIB was higher in group A.The APTT,TT and PLT were no significant difference between both groups.However the FIB was only higher in group B.Conclusion Hypercoagulability exists in KD children in acute stage.
Depression in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias.

Much of our current knowledge about depression in Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias is based on the 1991 National Instiute of Health Consensus Development Panel on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Depression in Late Life, and its subsequent 1997 update. However, much research has taken place since these reports. This article summarizes this research, particularly research that has taken place in the past year. Comorbid depression is common in all types of dementia. It may, however, appear to be different from classic depression. Unlike classic depression, the depression found in dementia may result from anatomic damage to the brain. This is most clearly demonstrated in vascular depression. The implications of this are many. Treatments for depression are designed for classic depression. For those with vascular depression (and other depressions associated with dementia) treatments may not be as efficacious. Newer strategies, including agents not commonly thought of as antidepressants, may be needed.
Therapy in gout.

The effective management of patients with gout is outlined. The treatment of the acute attack, the prevention of recurrent episodes, and the dissolution of tophi, when present, are generally straightforward and associated with relatively few complications. Patients with a resistant acute attack, with extensive tophaceous deposition, or with allergy or toxicity to any of the standard drugs, present more complex treatment decisions. All agents must be used in an individualized manner for each patient with appropriate concern for risks as well as for benefit.
Current challenges in pediatric heart transplantation for congenital heart disease.

Purpose of review Pediatric heart transplantation is an established therapy for end-stage cardiac disease without suitable medical or surgical options. However, transplantation for congenital heart disease carries an incremental risk that challenges the pediatric transplant team on multiple levels. Recent findings With improved outcomes following palliative and corrective congenital cardiac surgery, cardiac transplantation has decreased in recent years as a primary therapy. Nevertheless, congenital heart disease remains the most common indication for cardiac transplantation during infancy. Primary transplantation in infancy is selectively recommended for severe systemic ventricular dysfunction, severe atrioventricular valve insufficiency, and occlusive coronary artery anomalies, particularly with single ventricle physiology. Wait-list mortality remains highest for infants with prior palliative surgery and patients with failing Fontan physiology, both of whom have limited options for effective mechanical circulatory support. The sensitized patient carries an increased risk with prolonged wait times, although virtual cross-matches and single bead assays for donor-specific antigens have facilitated the transplant process. Early and late survival after transplantation for congenital heart disease remain inferior to cardiomyopathy, with prior Fontan procedure as a major risk factor. However, among survivors at 6 months, late outcomes are generally excellent. Major late causes of death include allograft vasculopathy, post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, and acute rejection. Noncompliance with medications remains a major risk for teenage mortality. Summary Despite the myriad of evolving challenges, pediatric heart transplantation for congenital heart disease enjoys routine short and long-term success at experienced centers for the vast majority of such patients without other options.
Vasoactive drug effects on blood flow in internal mammary artery and saphenous vein grafts

The internal mammary artery is a dynamic coronary graft, whereas the saphenous vein graft is passive. Therefore, potential exists not only for beneficial vasodilation but also for catastrophic spasm of the artery. The purpose of this study was to examine blood flow in the internal mammary and saphenous vein grafts during infusion of drugs that are commonly used after cardiac operations. A canine right heart bypass preparation allowed precise control of cardiac output, blood pressure, and heart rate, which were maintained constant during drug infusion. Both the internal mammary and saphenous vein grafts were constructed so that they perfused the same coronary bed: They were anastomosed in a Y fashion to a ligated anterior descending coronary artery. Electromagnetic flow probes measured graft flow (with the other graft occluded) before and after 15 minutes of drug infusion. The order of drug infusion was randomized and changes were compared by tests for paired differences. Phenylephrine (2 micrograms/kg/min) decreased flow in both the internal mammary and saphenous vein grafts, whereas norepinephrine (0.1 microgram/kg/min) increased flow in both grafts. Epinephrine (0.05 microgram/kg/min) increased mammary artery flow 16% +/- 6% but decreased saphenous vein graft flow 9% +/- 7%. Nitroglycerin (1 microgram/kg/min) significantly increased internal mammary flow (36% +/- 13%), from 47 +/- 7 to 59 +/- 7 ml/min (p less than 0.01), whereas flow decreased significantly in the saphenous vein graft 14% +/- 3%, from 64 +/- 9 to 59 +/- 8 ml/min (p less than 0.01). Nitroprusside (1 microgram/kg/min) decreased mammary artery flow 12% +/- 2%, from 50 +/- 7 to 44 +/- 7 ml/min (p less than 0.01), but increased saphenous vein graft flow 25% +/- 8%, from 64 +/- 9 to 77 +/- 7 ml/min (p less than 0.01). All hemodynamic variables were unchanged, except for norepinephrine, which significantly increased the first derivative of left ventricular pressure. The results suggest that flow through the canine internal mammary artery is changed by the drugs commonly used in perioperative management. Epinephrine and nitroglycerin increased internal mammary artery flow and decreased saphenous vein graft flow, whereas nitroprusside had the opposite effect. The vascular reactivity of the internal mammary artery must be considered when these drugs are used after coronary revascularization.
Promoting fairness in the face of conflict: the moderating effect of social control

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe how superior-subordinate conflicts stimulate managers to promote fairness. The theory proposes that managers’ efforts to apply social controls (i.e. training and socialization activities that promote emotional connection and value congruence) moderate the influence of superior-subordinate conflicts on managers’ efforts to promote fairness. When conflicts are experienced by managers who apply social controls, those managers increase their efforts to promote fairness. Because managers who apply social controls need subordinates to endorse their directives, they promote fairness in the face of conflict to demonstrate that they manage subordinates in ways that are appropriate and deserving of their cooperation. Design/methodology/approach – These ideas are tested in two studies: a survey of managers and their subordinates and a scenario-based experiment. Findings – The results obtained from these studies demonstrate that when managers who apply social control...
Total Syntheses of Nannocystins A and A0, Two Elongation Factor 1 Inhibitors

Asymmetric total syntheses of nannocystins A and A0 were achieved in a convergent route starting from simple materials. Nannocystin family natural products bear potent anticancer activity as elongation factor 1 inhibitors. In this synthesis, the challenging tertiary amide bond was constructed by peptide coupling between an acyl chloride and a secondary amine. A late-stage ring-closing metathesis reaction successfully rendered the macrocycle. This efficient synthetic strategy should be applicable to other nannocystins and analogues and therefore should benefit future structure–activity relationship studies.
Impact of Supported Housing on Social Relationships Among Homeless Veterans.

Objective:This study examined social network structure and function among a sample of 460 homeless veterans who participated in an experimental trial of the Housing and Urban Development–Veterans Affairs Supported Housing (HUD-VASH) program.Methods:Participants were randomly assigned to HUD-VASH (housing subsidies and case management), case management only, or standard care. Mixed-model longitudinal analysis was used to compare treatment groups on social network outcomes over 18 months.Results:Veterans in HUD-VASH reported significantly greater increases in social support than veterans in the two other groups, as well as greater frequency of contacts, availability of tangible and emotional support, and satisfaction with nonkin relationships over time. These gains largely involved relationships with providers and other veterans encountered in treatment.Conclusions:Supported housing may play a pivotal role in fostering constructive new relationships with persons associated with service programs but may have...
CIB1 Positively Regulates Outside-In Signaling through αIIbβ3 by Enhancing FAK and Src Activity.

Integrin α IIb β 3 , the platelet fibrinogen receptor, mediates outside-in signaling upon fibrinogen binding. Calcium- and integrin-binding protein 1 (CIB1) specifically interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of α IIb and is involved in platelet spreading. Here we show that CIB1 binding to α IIb is an essential step in the propagation of outside-in signaling through integrin α IIb β 3 . Incorporation of BAPTA-AM completely blocked outside-in signaling and CIB-1 binding to a IIb , suggesting that an intracellular Ca 2+ rise induced by fibrinogen binding is required for CIB1 interaction with α IIb . When CIB1-binding to α IIb was inhibited by introduction of a function blocking antibody or a synthetic peptide corresponding to α IIb tail, CIB1 localization at the tip of the filopodia, but filopodia formation was not blocked. This result suggests that interaction of CIB1 with α IIb is not required for filopodia formation, but is needed for CIB1 accumulation at the filopodia, as well as platelet spreading. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that during outside-in signaling, CIB1 associates with FAK. Although association of FAK and CIB1 does not require dynamic rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, their accumulation at the filopodia and the activation of FAK is dependent on cytoskeletal rearrangement, as treatment with cytochalasin D after the platelets form filopodia affects CIB1 localization. Interestingly, the interaction of CIB1 with α IIb upon fibrinogen binding is also necessary for FAK and Src activation. However, Src activity is not required for CIB1 accumulation at the filopodia since this accumulation was not stopped by the Src inhibitor PP2, despite blocking platelet spreading. Our results suggest that during outside-in signaling an intracellular Ca 2+ rise occurs that facilitates CIB1 interaction with α IIb . CIB1 recruits FAK to this complex and is localized to the filopodia dependent upon dynamic cytoskeletal rearrangement. Furthermore, activation of Src and FAK requires interaction of CIB1 with α IIb . Although Src activity is not required for the accumulation of CIB1 at the filopodia, it is required for platelet spreading on immobilized fibrinogen. Thus we provide evidence for initial sequence of outside-in signaling in platelets.
III-V Nanomembranes for High Performance, Cost-Competitive Photovoltaics

Due to their highly favorable materials properties such as direct bandgap, appropriate bandgap energy against solar spectrum, and ability to form multiple junctions, epitaxially grown III-V compound semiconductors such as gallium arsenide have provided unmatched performance over silicon in solar energy harvesting. However, their large-scale deployment in terrestrial photovoltaics remains as a daunting challenge mainly due to the high cost of growing device-quality epitaxial materials. In this regard, releasable multilayer epitaxial growth in conjunction with printing-based deterministic materials assemblies represents a promising approach that can overcome this challenge but also create novel engineering designs and device functionalities, each with significant practical values in photovoltaic technologies. This article will provide an overview of recent advances in materials design, fabrication concept, and nanophotonic light management of multilayer-grown nanomembrane-based GaAs solar cells aiming for high performance, cost-efficient platforms of III-V photovoltaics.
Adherence Technologies and Treatment Engagement

In Adherence Technologies and Treatment Engagement authors Martin and Haro delve into a meaningful discussion of factors related failure to engage in treatment. Use and influence of social media platforms, SMS text, remote video conferencing, telehealth, online support groups, and behavior-tracking applications are presented. Finally, the authors deliver practical strategies for leveraging technology to better promote consumer engagement.
Outcomes of Botulinum Toxin Type A for equinovarus deformity in patients with CVA: A case series.

ABSTRACTBackground: There is evidence that Botulinum Toxin-A (BTX-A) reduces focal spasticity associated with equinovarus to improve gait in patients poststroke. However, there is little research examining whether gait improvements are maintained after the effectiveness period of BTX-A injections. The purpose of this observational study was to determine whether there was a difference in gait parameters in three patients before BTX-A injection versus four and ten weeks after. Case Series: Three women, ages 63, 60, and 42 postischemic stroke with hemiparesis and equinovarus underwent measurements for: plantar flexor spasticity, ankle dorsiflexion ROM, temporal–spatial gait parameters, and gait endurance. All participants improved in ankle ROM. At week 10, spasticity had returned to initial measurement levels in participants A and C. Base of support and step length symmetry ratios did not improve following injections. Participants A and B, who received physical therapy during the study, showed modest gains i...
Leader Networking Behavior And Job Level Faultlines: Effects On Perceived Innovation Support

Using a sample of 95 work units (7036 employees and 711 line managers) in a large high-technology firm, this study examined how leaders' networking behavior for product and service innovation and job level faultline strength (i.e., the strength of demographic faultlines between employees and leaders) in a work unit jointly shape employees' perceived innovation support climates. This study also investigated the extent to which job level faultline strength in a work unit mitigates or intensifies the relationship between leaders' networking behavior in a work unit and employees' perceived innovation support climates. The cross-level analysis results revealed that leaders' networking behavior at a work unit level was positively associated with employees' perceived innovation support climates at an individual level. We also found that job level faultline strength significantly moderated this relationship. Specifically, in a work unit with weak job level faultlines, leaders' networking behaviors elevated employ...
Genetics: Role of mutation in fly-wing evolution.

Analysis of wing variation within and between fly species reveals an unexpectedly slow evolutionary rate. Variations due to mutation and interspecific differences are similar, perhaps as a result of complex genetic interactions. See Letter p.447 Genetic mutation is the engine room of evolution. Without genetic mutation, genes would not vary, and natural selection would be powerless to act. But if genetic mutation provides the raw material for adaption, the extent to which mutation further constrains evolution over geological time is a matter of debate. Mutation rates are typically very small and are thought to be swamped by the amount of genetic divergence seen over evolutionary timescales. David Houle and colleagues present results that could be a fly in the ointment. Several thousand flies in fact. They examined the wings of more than 50,000 Drosophila and its close relatives to reveal an unexpected and strong positive relationship between mutation, genetic variation and evolutionary rate over the past 40 million years. This challenges several models of the role of mutation in evolution.
Follow-up of colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: The value of intensive follow-up for patients after resection of colorectal cancer remains controversial. This study reviews all randomized and prospective cohort studies to assess the value of aggressive follow-up. METHODS: The literature was searched from the years 1972 to 1996 for studies reporting on the follow-up of patients with colorectal cancer. Randomized and comparative-cohort studies that included history, physical examination, and carcinoembrionic antigen values at least three times a year for at least two years were included in a meta-analysis. Single-cohort studies with intensive follow-up and traditional follow-up were also included in a two-group comparative analysis for each outcome indicator. Outcome indicators were 1) curative resection rates after recurrent cancer, 2) survival rates of curative re-resections, 3) length of survival after recurrence, and 4) cumulative five-year survival. RESULTS: Two randomized and three comparative-cohort studies met these criteria and included 2,005 patients, which were evaluated in the meta-analysis. The cumulative five-year survival was 1.16 times higher in the intensively followed group (P=0.003). Two and one-half times more curative re-resections were performed for recurrent cancer in those patients undergoing intensive follow-up (P=0.0001). Those patients in the intensive follow-up group with a recurrence had a 3.62-times higher survival rate than the control (P=0.0004). Fourteen single-cohort studies were also included in the comparative analysis of 6,641 patients. The findings from these aggregated studies support the results of the meta-analysis. CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that intensive follow-up detects more recurrent cancers at a stage amenable to curative resection, resulting in an improvement in survival of recurrences and an increased overall five-year cumulative rate of survival.
Effects of "Essential AD2" Supplement on Blood Acetaldehyde Levels in Individuals Who Have Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH2) Deficiency

Background It is estimated that 1 billion people in the world have a point mutation in the gene encoding the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) enzyme, the primary enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde. The presence of this mutation is called ALDH2 deficiency. Because of limited ability to metabolize acetaldehyde, individuals with ALDH2 deficiency experience elevated levels of blood acetaldehyde after exposure to various common sources such as recreational alcohol. Because of higher levels of acetaldehyde, individuals with ALDH2 deficiency are at higher risk for numerous diseases, including liver cirrhosis, esophageal and gastric cancer, osteoporosis, and Alzheimer disease. Study question The present trial was designed to study the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of a nutritional supplement (Essential AD2). Measures and outcomes The primary outcome was change in acetaldehyde levels in the blood after exposure to alcohol in individuals with ALDH2 deficiency before and after the use of study nutritional supplement. Study design This was a 28-day open-label trial, comparing initial acetaldehyde levels after alcohol ingestion to levels after 28 days of a nutritional supplement (Essential AD2). The study consisted of 12 subjects genotyped to be heterozygous for the ALDH2 gene mutation. Results and conclusions ALDH2 deficient subjects showed a significant decrease in average blood acetaldehyde level 20 minutes after alcohol consumption (from 0.91 mg/dL to 0.71 mg/dL, P value = 0.02) after receiving 28 days of the nutritional supplement. Acetaldehyde levels taken at 10 minutes and 40 minutes also showed a decrease, although they were not statistically significant. In addition, safety tests looking at liver function tests showed a decrease in aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase liver proteins from 27.3 to 15.2 and 20.9 to 13.2, respectively, over the 28 days. The treatment was well tolerated and no significant side effects were noted.
Proximity: Fundamental Algorithms

In Chapter 4 we illustrated anO(NlogN)algorithm for finding the two farthest points of a plane set. One may think that finding the two closest points would be a simple extension, but it is not. The two farthest points are necessarily hull vertices and we may exploit convexity to give a fast algorithm; the two closest points do not necessarily bear any relation to the convex hull, so a new technique must be developed, which is the subject of this chapter. We will be concerned with a large class of problems that involve the proximity of points in the plane and our goal will be to deal with all of these seemingly unrelated tasks via a single algorithm, one that discovers, processes, and stores compactly all of the relevant proximity information. To do this, we revive a classical mathematical object, the Voronoi diagram, and turn it into an efficient computational structure that permits vast improvement over the best previously known algorithms. In this chapter, several of the geometric tools we have discussed earlier—such as hull-finding and searching—will be used to attack this large and difficult class—theclosest-pointorproximity problems.
A Theory of Tax Effects on Economic Damages

This paper provides a theoretical statement about the effect of tax on the present value of lost income streams. I consider the simple case of flat tax rates on earnings and interest income. I approximate tax effects via the instantaneous rate of change - in present value – when the tax rate goes from zero to a small positive number. In this setting I show that present value is lower before tax than after tax when the earning stream is short, with the reverse outcome holding when the earnings stream is long. The switch point, where the tax effect goes from negative to positive, depends on the theoretical model’s inputs. I characterize the effect of inputs on this switch point, and illustrate via an example of an injured railroad worker’s claim of economic damages.
Between-Subjects Designs

The previous chapters provided an overview of different types of studies, ranging from naturalist observations to controlled experiments, and how these fit in the software development life cycle. The essential components of a study, such as the hypothesis, the participants and random assignment, were discussed. In addition, the different types of variables were introduced with an illustration of how a design equation incorporates them.
Management of Skin Damage Associated with Fecal and Dual Incontinence

The skin problems of dermatitis and pressure injury are common sequelae of fecal incontinence. The advanced practice nurse prevents and treats these problems while managing fecal incontinence. This chapter describes the manifestations of incontinence-associated dermatitis and pressure injury and how to make a differential diagnosis and assess their severity. It explains the association of incontinence to pressure injury along with other risk factors. The chapter summarizes the interventions used for prevention and treatment of both skin problems highlighting the expected outcomes for the advanced practice nurse to evaluate.
Contrasting elegant variation in English- and Spanish-language dailies and novels

Anyone who learns a second language realizes that beyond phonology, morphology, syntax, and lexicon, there are variations of style between different tongues. One notable manifestation is word choice, particularly in writing. Writers may repeat vocabulary for efficiency and clarity, or they may choose synonyms to promote variety and creativity. When the latter practice is carried to extremes, it is known as elegant variation and is largely stigmatized in English, whereas such flexibility is widely valued among writers of Romance languages such as Spanish. While this phenomenon has been noted anecdotally, the present study explores it empirically. The main focus is journalistic prose in two U.S. and two Mexican newspapers, followed by a briefer examination of English and Spanish literature. Although elegant variation occurs in various word classes, this study centers on specific nouns and verbs. While the results demonstrating the vast difference between English and Spanish are interesting in their own right, there follows a discussion of their practical impact on translation, including the preservation of idiomaticity. This is especially relevant in light of the vastly improved capabilities of Google Translate, a development that calls for a reevaluation of the role of both humans and machines in the translation process.
Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction-A Metabolomic Preprocessing Approach for Ionizing Radiation Exposure Assessment.

The modern application of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics to the field of radiation-assessment and biodosimetry has allowed for efforts to develop prompt screenings to identify biomarkers related to radiation exposure. Our previous work on radiation assessment in easily accessible biofluids (such as urine, blood, saliva) has revealed unique metabolic perturbations in response to radiation quality, dose, and dose rate. Nevertheless, the employment of swift injury assessment in the case of a radiological disaster still remains a challenge as current sample processing can be time-consuming and cause sample degradation. To address these concerns, we report a metabolomics workflow using a mass spectrometry-compatible fabric phase sorptive extraction technique. FPSE employs a matrix coated with sol-gel poly(caprolactone-b-dimethylsiloxane-b-caprolactone) that binds both polar and non-polar metabolites in whole blood, eliminating serum processing steps. We confirm that the FPSE preparation technique combine...
Stadt als Erlebnis

Bereits vor etwa einem Vierteljahrhundert hat der US-amerikanische Geograf Paul Knox die Stadt als flexibel angelegte und hochgradig organisierte Landschaft beschrieben, die den Anspruchen der neuen Konsumgesellschaft gerecht werden muss. Es entstand der Eindruck von der Stadt als Themenpark. Heute drangt sich das Gefuhl auf, dass Stadt und Konsum zunehmend mit Eventkultur in Verbindung gebracht werden: das Shopping- und Kommerzerlebnis spielt sich in themenbezogenen Hyperraumen ab, simulierte Freizeitwelten decken den Bedarf von Versorgung, Freizeit, Erholung bis hin zum Urlaub, kollektive (Mega‑)Events locken hohe Zahlen von Besucher*innen in die Stadte. Stadte faszinieren, und die Leitthemen der Inszenierung urbanen Erlebens stutzen sich in Abhangigkeit der Zielgruppe auf Prozesse der Festivalisierung, Historisierung, Kulturalisierung und Globalisierung. Der Beitrag will auf derartige Entwicklungen und Prozesse in reflektierender Weise eingehen.
Novel Method for Initiation and Control of Combustion

Turbulent jet ignition (TJI) is a novel ignition enhancement method which facilitates the combustion of lean and ultra-lean mixtures in propulsion systems including internal combustion engines. An overview of numerical study of TJI-assisted combustion in different systems is presented in this chapter. The numerical simulations are conducted by direct numerical simulation (DNS) and hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian large eddy simulation (LES)-filtered mass density function (FMDF) methods. DNS of TJI-assisted combustion of lean hydrogen-air mixture in a planar jet for various thermo-chemical conditions reveals fundamental features of TJI systems such as localized flame extinction and re-ignition processes. LES-FMDF of TJI-assisted combustion in a rapid compression machine (RCM) reveals three main phases: (1) cold fuel jet, (2) turbulent hot product jet, and (3) reverse fuel-air/product jet. The simulated results are in good agreement with the experimental data.
Bobby Sands: Prison and the Formation of a Leader

In this chapter, the author will return to questions raised by his biography of the famous hunger striker, Bobby Sands. Denis O’Hearn’s book is entitled Nothing But an Unfinished Song. The Life and Times of Bobby Sands (Nation Books, 2006). Bobby Sands was not your usual revolutionary leader, if there is such a thing. Unlike Gramsci or Lenin, he lacked formal training in political theory. Unlike Mandela, he was not bred for leadership. Rather, society itself put Bobby Sands into a position of leadership. His education, rather than in high schools, colleges, and universities, was grounded in the community and, especially, the prison. Long Kesh prison, which came to be known by northern Irish revolutionaries as the ‘University of Freedom’, made Bobby Sands. How did this young man achieve his high status and recognition? The IRA leadership in prison was still an older, conservative generation. They maintained a militaristic structure, with nightly parades, orders, and delegation of work. IRA officers avoided menial jobs. They discouraged open debate and held burnings of Marxist books. They held courts of inquiry and encouraged prisoners to spy on each other. Yet a cadre of younger leaders encouraged the prisoners to form ‘cooperatives’ to make handicrafts, share food, and distribute chores. It would be hard to overestimate the importance that such solidarity and radical thinking had on Bobby’s intellectual development. This chapter narrates the story of that development and its political consequences.
Expansion Maps: Designing Relative Trajectories on Quasi-Periodic Orbits

This work establishes a general-purpose method for designing passive spacecraft formations by characterizing the vehicles’ motion on quasi-periodic tori. First, a torus-centric formulation of relat...
Estimation of Congestion from Cellular Walled Gardens using Passive Measurements

Despite widespread LTE deployment, coverage does not necessarily translate to usable service. Even in well-provisioned urban networks, unusually high usage (such as during a public event or after a natural disaster) can lead to congestion that makes the LTE service difficult, if not impossible, to use, even if the user is solidly within the coverage area. A typical approach to detect and quantify congestion on LTE networks is to secure the cooperation of the network provider for access to internal metrics. An alternative approach is to deploy multiple mobile devices with active subscriptions to each network operator. Both approaches are resource and time intensive. In this work, we propose a novel method to estimate congestion from overloaded LTE networks using only passive measurements, and without requiring provider cooperation. We analyze packet-level traces for four commercial LTE service providers, from several locations during both typical levels of usage and during public events that yield large, dense crowds. This study presents the first look at congestion detection through overload estimation by examining unencrypted broadcast messages. We show that an upsurge in broadcast reject and cell barring messages, leading to overload, can accurately detect an increase in network congestion.
Exploring low-income African American and Latinx caregiver perspectives on asthma control in their children and reactions to messaging materials.

African-American and Latinx children suffer from higher rates of uncontrolled asthma and poorer outcomes compared to white children. Sociocultural factors play a prominent role in how caregivers na...
The Origin of Gene

There are two sides of the origin of gene. The first one (the origin of gene-I) is to understand the way how the first gene was created through random process on the primitive Earth. The second one (the origin of gene-II) is to clarify the way how an entirely new (EntNew) gene or the first gene of a gene family has been created from the past to the present. The origin and evolutionary process of gene could not be rationally explained by the gene-duplication theory (Ohno S. Evolution by gene duplication. Springer, Heiderberg, 1970) and the exon-shuffling theory (Gilbert W. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol 52:901–905, 1987). On the contrary, it would be reasonably explained by anticodon joining hypothesis, how the first gene was created through random process as follows. Genetic sequence for protein synthesis is written with not mere base sequence but codon sequence. On the other hand, the first gene must be created through random process on the primitive Earth. This means that the first gene must be created by random joining of codons or anticodons, and that the only one way for creation of the first gene would be to randomly join anticodons carried by the first four nonspecific AntiC-SL tRNAs according to the “anticodon joining hypothesis” on the origin of gene-I, because there existed no codon anywhere on the primitive Earth.
Texas’s 21st–24th Congressional Districts: Texas Blues: Democrats’ Bid to Flip Texas Falls Short

Urbanization and diversification hinted at big changes in Texas in 2020. The state has rapidly transformed into one of the nation’s most socially, economically, and demographically dynamic. It is therefore remarkable that an election that shattered the previous participation record by more than 2.5 million votes produced a victory for the status quo. In part fueled by unforeseen Trump coattails in heavily Latino areas of the state, Republicans preserved every congressional seat they defended. With Republicans now in a position to solidify their majority through redistricting, Democrats with blue state hopes will be singing the red state blues for the foreseeable future.
Silt production as a function of climate and lithology under simulated comminution

Production of the silt-sized particles composing loess represents a critical step in its ultimate formation, but the volume and rate of production in different settings remain underdetermined. This study addresses the influence of climate and source lithology on silt formation by subjecting natural alluvial/fluvial sand from systems characterized by varying climatic setting to simulated comminution. Bulk samples from comparable transport distances were collected from a hot-arid (California desert) alluvial system, hot-humid (Puerto Rico) fluvial system, and cold-humid (Norway) proglacial fluvial system, and sieved to isolate the coarse-very coarse sand fraction for experimental milling. Source rocks in all three systems consist of granitoids, with some contributions from foliated coarse-grained metamorphic rocks (gneissic and schistose) in Norway. Results indicate that contributions from coarse-grained foliated lithologies impart a negligible effect on rate of silt production from the sand starting material. Climatic setting imparts no significant difference on sand durability, but influences clay production at later stages of comminution for the Puerto Rico sample, presumably owing to the effects of deep chemical weathering prior to physical transport. Comminution and silt production in all experiments exhibit exponential decay wherein rapid initial rates diminish with time. This is interpreted to reflect the effects of the dynamic milling conditions (particle size and distribution, and slurry viscosity), as well as particle strength, with the latter including both relative strengths of different minerals in general, and the influences of lattice defects and microfractures in quartz in particular. Empirical observations reveal that silt fractions of the natural alluvial/fluvial samples, collected at comparable transport distances (5–7 km) in the respective systems, exhibit significant differences. Bulk sediment samples from the Norwegian proglacial system contain substantially more silt (3–10 times) than either of the other two localities, implying a significant difference in the natural processes operating to generate silt in these different field settings. We suggest this difference reflects the efficacy of glacial grinding in silt production.
Did the adoption of accelerated partial-breast irradiation reduce the noncompliance with adjuvant radiation in lumpectomy patients?

Abstract Background The underutilization of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery in early-stage breast cancer patients has been attributed to the inconvenience and potential side effects of whole-breast radiation treatment regimens. Accelerated partial-breast irradiation (APBI) involves twice-daily treatments more than 4 to 5 days, which could potentially improve convenience and adherence for women undergoing treatment. Methods We studied local therapies in about one-third of a million female breast cancer patients who were diagnosed between January 2000 and June 2011. Results We found that the use of APBI brachytherapy increased rapidly from .2% in 2000 to about 3.1% in 2008 and leveled off after 2009. The increased use of APBI did not reduce the percentage of early-stage breast cancer patients who improperly forego radiation (about 14% over the whole study period). Conclusions Noncompliance with adjuvant radiation is still common when shortened radiation therapy becomes increasingly accessible.
Urinary Proteomics and Candidate Biomarker Discovery for Diabetic Nephropathy

Publisher Summary Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication occurring in individuals with diabetes. Unfortunately, understanding of diabetic complications is primarily based on a list of empirically and observationally based susceptibility risk factors and not from concrete insights into complication-specific, pathogenic, molecular mechanisms that determine cellular or tissue fate. Given the role of proteins as regulators of cellular responses, unbiased methods that provide qualitative and quantitative information of protein abundance could be useful for understanding the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. The proteomic method for scientific analysis is an approach to rapidly survey the proteome. With this method, biological samples such as urine, plasma, serum or lysates of renal parenchymal cells are systematically analyzed with the intent of identifying, quantifying and discerning the function of all observable proteins. The insights gained from proteomic experiments should optimally allow for a better understanding of disease state genesis or evolution of the condition. While the proteomic approach to discovery is a relatively recent development for medicine and science, its limited application to the study of renal disease and the progression of DN has yielded notable results. The NIH Biomarker Definitions Working Group has also provided a consensus definition for biomarkers as “cellular, biochemical, and molecular (genetic and epigenetic) alterations by which a normal or abnormal biologic process can be recognized or monitored.” Some candidate biomarkers originally observed as differentiating healthy controls and disease samples are unsuccessfully validated not due to the disease but the nature of the disease complication. A significant amount of energy continues to be expended for identification and development of diagnostic, gold standard biomarkers of diabetic complications.
Nuclear lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase and its interaction with CR6-interacting factor 1 promote the survival of human leukemic T cells

Overexpression and hyperactivation of lymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinase (Lck) have been associated with leukemia development. We previously showed that, other than its known function as a cytoplasmic signal transducer, Lck also acts as a nuclear transcription factor in mouse leukemic cells. In the present study, we demonstrated the presence of nuclear Lck in human leukemic T cells and in primary cells. We further established a positive correlation between Lck nuclear localization and its kinase activity. Proteomic analysis identified CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1) as one of the Lck-interacting proteins. CRIF1 and Lck association in the nucleus was confirmed both by immunofluorescence microscopy and co-immunoprecipitation in human leukemic T cells. Close-range interaction between Lck and CRIF1 was validated by in situ proximity ligation assay (PLA). Consistent with the role of nuclear CRIF1 as a tumor suppressor, CRIF1 silencing promotes leukemic T cell survival in the absence of growth factors. This protective effect can be recapitulated by endogenous Lck or reconstituted Lck in leukemic T cells. All together, our results support a novel function of nuclear Lck in promoting human leukemic T cell survival through interaction with a tumor suppressor. It has important implications in defining a paradigm shift of non-canonical protein tyrosine kinase signaling.
Molecular Neurobiology, Single‐Cell

The brain is composed of hundreds of thousands of cell types, each making thousands of connections to other cells in order to communicate and to facilitate proper interactive functioning. One of the ways that cells respond to and propagate signals is to change the abundances of various signaling molecules within the cell. These molecules include RNA and proteins, which, through their unique abundances and degree of activation transmit accurate messages to responsive cells. To understand these changes, evaluation of molecular pathways in single cells is required. With the development of single-cell molecular biological analysis techniques, changes in RNA and protein abundances can be monitored. Using methods such as, aRNA amplification, qRT-PCR, IDAT and protein arrays it is possible to obtain these measurements. Such anatomical specificity has the potential to revolutionize molecular research by simplifying the complexities of a multicellular pathway to an experimentally approachable system. Keywords: CNS; Dendrite; Expression Profile; Postsynaptic; Presynaptic; Proteomics; aRNA; RT-PCR; qRT-PCR; Synapse
Sequential arousal and airway-defensive behavior of infants in asphyxial sleep environments

Lijowska, Anna S., Nevada W. Reed, Barbara A. Mertins Chiodini, and Bradley T. Thach. Sequential arousal and airway-defensive behavior of infants in asphyxial sleep environments. J. Appl. Physiol. ...
CD2-CD58 Interaction and the Control of T-Cell Interleukin-12 Responsiveness

Interleukin-12 is an antigen-presenting cell (APC)-derived cytokine that stimulates T helper cell type 1 (Th1) differentiation as well as proliferation, cytolytic activity, and IFN-gamma production among T and natural killer (NK) cells. By immunizing mice with activated T cells and screening for antibodies that could inhibit IL-12-induced proliferation, CD2 was identified as a regulator of T-cell IL-12 responsiveness. Antibodies specific for the adhesion domain of either CD2 or its primary ligand, CD58, inhibited the major functional responses of T cells to IL-12 without affecting the response to IL-2. This inhibition did not involve any alteration in IL-12 binding to T cells. The CD2-CD58 interaction between activated T cells and monocytes was found to be a critical factor in the modulation of T-cell IL-12 responsiveness, and experiments using CD58-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, and stimulatory pairs of CD2 antibodies confirmed the key role of CD2 ligation in optimizing T-cell IL-12 signaling. These findings illustrate how APCs, through the differential expression of a specific adhesion molecule, can control the T-cell response to a cytokine independent of cytokine receptor expression. This has important implications for an understanding of Th1 development and the conditions required to link innate with acquired immune responses.
Solvent shift broadening in the PMDR spectrum of quinoxaline

Abstract The relation between solvent induced shifts of the 3.6 GHz microwave transition of quinoxaline in a hydrocarbon glass at 4.2 K and the corresponding shifts of the phosphorescence 0-0 band was determined. A simple theory which accounts for the observations is presented. These techniques introduce a new tool for studying interactions in the triplet manifold and solvent effects.
Modulation of memory processing by glutamic acid receptor agonists and antagonists

Abstract Recent hypotheses suggesting a critical role of glutamate receptors in hippocampal long-term potentiation and memory processing suggested a closer examination of this transmitter's effect on memory processing in an in vivo setting. New Pharmacological antagonists allow for a separation and examination of various glutamate receptors and their role in memory processing. Mice were trained on a shock avoidance learning paradigm and injected intracerebroventricularly after training with agonists and antagonists of various classes of glutamate receptors. Retention was tested 1 week after training.N-Methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonists enhanced retention in a dose-dependent manner. The enhancement of retention by the non-NMDA agonist kainic acid and quisqualic acid was dose-dependent. l -Glutamic acid, but not d -glutamic acid, enhanced retention. Both NMDA and non-NMDA receptor antagonists produced dose-dependent impairment of retention for footshock training. Administration of the antagonists 24 h after did not impair memorry retention.
Depression of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activity by B. pertussis vaccination

In vitro measurements are described on N-demethylation of aminopyrine and ethylmorphine, the hydroxylation of aniline as well as the level and activity of the electron transport system in hepatic microsomal fractions from pertussis vaccinated mice. Results indicate that pertussis vaccination of mice markedly decreases the level and activity of the hepatic drug-metabolizing system.
Ultrasound Examination of Pregnant Women Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women is on the rise. Approximately 80,000 women in the United States are currently infected, and the majority of them are of reproductive age. It is estimated that health professionals working in obstetrics will begin to see more women with symptoms of HIV infection. Trends in obstetric research include clinical trials of treatment of HIV-infected pregnant women with zidovudine and the potential use of ultrasound-guided invasive testing of the fetus to determine fetal infection status. Sonographers working in obstetrics should be educated about the transmission of HIV, its potential impact on maternal and fetal health, and appropriate infection control procedures.
Corrosion control of steel-reinforced concrete

The methods and materials for corrosion control of steel-reinforced concrete are reviewed. The methods are steel surface treatment, the use of admixtures in concrete, surface coating on concrete, and cathodic protection.
Modeling and Closed-Loop Control of Stretch Bending of Aluminum Rectangular Tubes

During stretch bending, considerable springback will occur after a tube has been plastically bent. To predict the springback, a simplified two-flange model for stretch bending of a rectangular tube has been developed in which the strain history has been considered. A comparison has been made between the springback predicted by this model and experimental data, which shows rough agreement. Based on this model, a real time closed-loop control algorithm is developed.