cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Clinical Factors Associated with Adverse Drug Events in Patients Receiving Sub-Anesthetic Ketamine Infusions.

Introduction Sub-anesthetic ketamine is frequently used as an analgesic to reduce perioperative opioid consumption and has also been shown to have antidepressant effects. Side effects of ketamine include dizziness, diplopia, nystagmus, and psychomimetic effects. It is unclear what clinical factors may be associated with ketamine-related adverse drug events (ADEs). Methods We performed a retrospective review of 95 patients who received sub-anesthetic ketamine infusions at our institution. Data examined associations between ketamine-related ADEs and various clinical characteristics including chronic pain, depression, or psychiatric disorder, patient physical characteristics, chronic opioid use, perioperative opioid use, dose and duration of ketamine infusions, pain scores, and perioperative medications such as serotonergic agents, central nervous system (CNS) depressants, and analgesics. Results Overall incidence of ketamine-related ADEs was 29.5% and the incidence of psychomimetic effects was 14.8%. We observed that patients with a history of depression have a lower incidence of ketamine-related ADEs compared to patients without a history of depression (10.3% vs 37.3%; p value = 0.007). Conclusion Patients with depression were found to have a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of ketamine-related ADEs. We found no statistically significant positive associations between ketamine-related ADEs and other clinical factors such as a history of chronic pain, psychiatric disease, patient physical characteristics, perioperative opioid use, dose of ketamine infusion, or co-administration of other CNS depressants.
Abstract IA24: T cells as a drug for the personalized immunotherapy of cancer

Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy using T lymphocytes with antitumor activity is a living therapy that can be highly effective in patients with a variety of metastatic cancers. Naturally occurring tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expanded in vitro and administered following a lymphodepleting preparative regimen mediated objective regression of metastatic melanoma in 56% of 194 patients, including complete regressions in 24% of patients who remain ongoing disease-free 3 to 10 years later. Recent studies have shown that TIL recognized random somatic mutations that served as the targets of treatment, resulting in complete cancer regressions. To extend ACT immunotherapy to additional patients, we developed an approach based on deep exomic sequencing and immunologic testing to generate T cells that recognized immunogenic mutations in a variety of human cancer types, including esophageal, colorectal, bile duct, gastric, pancreatic, ovarian, and lung cancer. 81 of 99 patients with a variety of common epithelial cancers contained T cells that recognized the expressed products of 197 unique cancer mutations. Targeting these unique mutations opens the possibility of using ACT to treat patients with common epithelial cancers. In preliminary studies, we used this approach to treat a patient with metastatic cholangiocarcinoma using autologous mutation-reactive T cells and mediated durable regression of lung and liver metastases ongoing at five years. ACT using T cells that recognized the mutated KRAS oncogene product mediated objective regression of multiple lung metastases in a patient with metastatic colon cancer. Responses have also been seen in patients with metastatic cervical and breast cancer. In addition to the use of naturally occurring mutation-reactive cells, we have genetically engineered autologous lymphocytes to express antitumor T-cell receptors (TCR) or chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) for use in ACT immunotherapy. These cells can mediate durable cancer regressions in heavily pretreated patients with refractory lymphomas, sarcomas, and melanoma. Thus, autologous T cells can potentially be used to provide a highly personalized ACT immunotherapy for cancer patients refractory to conventional cancer treatments. Citation Format: Steven Rosenberg. T cells as a drug for the personalized immunotherapy of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr IA24.
A Comprehensive Study of Electromigration in Lead-free Solder Joint

In this paper, we focus on the Electromigration (EM) with three different types of solder systems, homogeneous SAC305, homogeneous SnBi58 and SAC305-SnBi58 Partial mixed. The acceleration EM test was conducted with the sample top temperature at 100C at time 0 with different chamber temperature setting, -40C for SnBi58 and SAC305-SnBi58, -5C for SAC305. The current goes through the sample is 1.3A or 2.08 kA/cm2. The temperature and electrical resistance were monitored in-situ. The sample was taken out for failure analysis at 0h and 500h. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was conducted to understand the failure mechanism between these three types of solder systems. The results show that SnBi58 has the shortest lifetime than others. The microstructure evaluation of solder joints, such as IMC and Bi rich region, is different amount these solders. The FEA results Indicated that the current density in SnBi58 is lower than others and the temperature is only 3C higher than SAC305. The local temperature and current density are not a major cause for the shortest lifetime in SnBi58. SAC305 mixed with SnBi58 will help to improve the EM performance compared to homogeneous SnBi58.
Designs & Discussions: An RPG About the Indie Scene

This chapter presents a short tabletop role-playing game that has been designed to highlight the nature of the Forge as a kind of participatory culture. Characters are role-players who want to take TRPG play, design, and publication seriously, who post about role-playing online, and who create games and other projects that demonstrate their views. Completing such projects increases their ‘indie cred,’ and both posting and working on projects provide experience that may develop their skills. It uses examples from a recorded playtest session of the game being played to illustrate the rules.
The Role of Containers in Reproducibility

Reproducibility in computational workloads is a critical factor in scientific and commercial applications but it is often elusive. There are many factors that contribute to this challenge. In this paper, we discuss some of those sources and describe how containers can play a role in addressing this challenge. The role of workflow tools, best practices, and gaps are also presented. The goal of this paper is to provide readers with a basic understanding of the issues and equip them with practices in using containers to improve the reproducibility of their work.
Optimal Commitment Strategies for Distributed Generation Systems under Regulation and Multiple Uncertainties

This paper formulates a model that assesses the economic and policy implications of the adoption and operation of microgrids. The recent climate agreement between the US and China as well as the historic Lima accord on climate change are prompting a massive demand in climate- friendly technologies. Given the increasing demand for electricity and the mounting costs of electricity supply associated with maximizing system performance through an optimal economic scheduling of microgrids, decision makers and policymakers are already facing the problem of sketching energy management strategies for localized operation and grid penetration. We employ a modified Benders’ decomposition approach to explore the optimal scheduling of supply from different technology units in the microgrid in the face of supply and demand uncertainties. We guarantee that the power generated by the units meets systemic load while satisfying the primary operational and technological constraints. We implement our model in a quantitative numerical analysis where we investigate the operational regulation in the light of a public environmental policy. We extend prior research on this subject by uncovering a greater reliance on the grid under simultaneous uncertainties in demand and supply. We unlock a strategy for a proper mitigation of the effects of emissions. We find that carbon abatement policy can be used to motivate microgrids operators to invest in fuel cells and natural gas technologies when dealing with uncertainty.
Largely invariant communities of bacterial endophytes in the nonphotosynthetic mycoheterotrophic plant Pterospora andromedea.

PREMISE Mycoheterotrophic plants rely on fungi to obtain their carbon requirements. Recent experiments demonstrated the presence of endophytic bacteria associated with mycoheterotrophs. Although mycoheterotrophs show high specificity for their fungal partners, it is not known whether they also show high specificity for associated bacteria or whether the bacteria have a definite function in the symbiosis. METHODS Two 16S rRNA sequencing experiments were designed to explore endophytic microbial community composition and function in root ball fractions of the mycoheterotroph Pterospora andromedea (Ericaceae), and rhizosphere soil and control soil 5 m away from each plant. One experiment compared microbial assemblages in fractions of six plants to those in rhizosphere and control soil samples. Another experiment documented bacterial endophyte diversity in root balls of 97 plants from across North America. RESULTS Soil samples were similar in bacterial community structure but were significantly more diverse and less consistently structured than were bacterial communities within root balls. The proportion of endophytic bacterial species varied slightly but not their community composition despite differences in P. andromedea lineage, geography, conifer species, and fungi. Predictive metagenomic profiling of the endophytes in P. andromedea-only root ball fractions showed many of the bacterial endophytes likely function in N-metabolism and N-fixation. CONCLUSIONS Our results document a consistent and largely invariant community of endophytic bacteria in P. andromedea across biotic and abiotic environmental conditions at a continental scale. It is unknown what role these bacteria may play in the quad-partite symbiotic network centered on P. andromedea; however, the predictive metagenomic profiling suggests a possible function in N-metabolism or N-fixation. Discovery of a ubiquitous community of endophytic bacteria with a putative function centered on N-metabolism or N-fixation could have a previously unrecognized impact on understanding of mycoheterotroph ecophysiology.
Philosophy as Cultural Politics: Pragmatism and romanticism

At the heart of pragmatism is the refusal to accept the correspondence theory of truth and the idea that true beliefs are accurate representations of reality. At the heart of romanticism is the thesis of the priority of imagination over reason – the claim that reason can only follow paths that the imagination has broken. These two movements are both reactions against the idea that there is something non-human out there with which human beings need to get in touch. In this chapter I want to trace the connections between James' and Dewey's repudiation of what Heidegger called “the Western ontotheological tradition” and Shelley's claim that poetry “is at once the center and the circumference of knowledge.” I shall begin with the quest for the really real. Common sense distinguishes between the apparent color of a thing and its real color, between the apparent motions of heavenly bodies and their real motions, between non-dairy creamer and real cream, and between fake Rolexes and real ones. But only those who have studied philosophy ask whether real Rolexes are really real. No one else takes seriously Plato's distinction between Reality with a capital R and Appearance with a capital A. That distinction is the charter of metaphysics. Parmenides jump-started the Western philosophical tradition by dreaming up the notion of Reality with a capital R. He took the trees, the stars, the human beings, and the gods and rolled them all together into a well-rounded blob called “the One.”
Thermal design theory of three-fluid heat exchangers

Publisher Summary The thermal and hydraulic design theory of a direct-transfer-type two fluid heat exchanger (tubular, plate-type, and extended-surface exchangers) is well developed and is available in standard heat transfer literature. The well-established algorithm for thermal design of a two-fluid heat exchanger, however, has no adequate equivalent when the physical situation implies more than one thermal communication. This chapter outlines only the effectiveness- NTU (number of heat transfer units) approach and corresponding rating and sizing problems for the determination of the effectiveness or NTU for a three-fluid heat exchanger. The thermal design theory of multifluid heat exchangers (having more than three-fluid streams) and multistream plate-fin heat exchangers and the study of nonlinear problems are not considered in this chapter.
Upper extremity multidegree of freedom torque generating abilities in able-bodied individuals

The ability of able-bodied individuals to generate maximum static torques at the shoulder and elbow in flexion and extension while maintaining fixed levels of shoulder abduction/adduction torque was evaluated in six subjects. A six-axis load cell was used to measure the torques and forces generated at the elbow and shoulder. Visual feedback of the torque was provided during the experiment. Subjects were verbally encouraged to perform maximum voluntary torques in 24 directions on the shoulder/elbow flexion/extension plane while maintaining 20 and 50% of maximum shoulder abduction or adduction torques or zero level of abduction. These torques were significantly smaller than the torque generated in the plane when subjects were not required to control shoulder abduction/adduction. The maximum torques generated while subjects maintained zero level of abduction were also significantly smaller than in the 20 and 50% maximum abduction/adduction tasks. Muscles at the shoulder and elbow cross more than one joint and effect more than one degree of freedom, thus imposing constraints on tasks that demand simultaneous control of multiple degrees of freedom. However, these constraints do not seem to affect the ability to generate maximum torques at increasing levels once control of a third degree of freedom has been introduced.
Purification and Characterization of Colicin E1

Abstract Colicin E1 was purified from mitomycin C-induced Escherichia coli JC411 (ColE1) by salt extraction of extracellular, bound colicin followed by ammonium sulfate fractionation and ion exchange chromatography. The purified preparation was considered homogeneous by several criteria. Gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 revealed no additional protein components and only a single band was observed upon cellulose acetate and isoelectric gradient electrophoresis. Sedimentation velocity and equilibrium studies, respectively, indicated the presence of a single molecular species with an s020,ω equal to 3.0 S and a molecular weight of 56,000. Double diffusion experiments using antisera prepared against purified colicin E1 yielded a single precipitin line in agar gel. Colicin E1 is a simple protein and no other moieties could be detected in association with the molecule. The isoelectric point (pI) of colicin E1, as determined by electrofocusing, is 9.05, and amino acid analysis revealed a high lysine and arginine content. A single NH2-terminal amino acid, methionine, was recovered in approximately equimolar yield per mole of protein. Circular dichroism spectra of purified colicins E1, E2, and E3 indicated a greater α-helix content in colicin E1 when compared to the other two colicins. Finally, high concentrations of purified colicin E1 were active against sensitive, immune, and resistant strains; however, relatively lower concentrations exhibited a normal activity spectrum.
Efficient bufferless routing on leveled networks

We give near optimal bufferless routing algorithms for leveled networks. N packets with preselected paths are given, and once injected, the packets may not be buffered while in transit to their destination. For the preselected paths, the dilationD is the maximum path length, and the congestionC is the maximum number of times an edge is used. We give two bufferless routing algorithms for leveled networks: (i) a centralized algorithm with routing time O((C+D)log(DN)); (ii) a distributed algorithm with routing time O((C+D)log2(DN)). The distributed algorithm uses a new technique, reverse-simulation, which is used to obtain a distributed emulation of the centralized algorithm. Since a well known lower bound on the routing time is Ω(C+D), our results are at most one or two logarithmic factors from optimal.
Overview no. 40 Application of the ANNNI model to long-period superstructures

Existing models of long-period superstructures are re-examined in the light of the recently developed Axial-Next-Nearest-Neighbor-Ising (ANNNI) Model. In this model, long-period phases are contained in a triangular shaped phase diagram region bounded by a Lifshitz point on the uppermost transition temperature line and a multiphase point at zero absolute temperature.Periodic antiphase structures are produced by a square-wave modulation of the ordered ground state,resulting in new types of long-period superstructures, here denoted as ''Fujiwara phases.'' The role of configurational entropy in stabilizing long-period phases is emphasized. The applicability of the ANNNI model to periodic antiphase structures in ordered alloys is examined, and the striking resemblencebetween predicted structures and those observed experimentally in Ag/sub 3/Mg and Au/sub 3/Zn is pointed out. The difference between ''straight'' and ''wavy'' (CuAu II) antiphase domain boundaries is discussed in the light of the model
Optimum pre-emphasis in ultra-long-haul networks

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the shape of the optimum spectral pre-emphasis for ultra-long-haul networks and systems in the presence of optical nonlinearities. In a 40×10 Gbits/s×2240 km system, we experimentally show the advantages of a pre-emphasis scheme that ensures minimum variations of path-averaged power among the wavelength-division-multiplexing channels between the cleanups performed by dynamic gain-flattening filters. This is achieved by enforcing a straight-line spectrum near the middle of the link between two consecutive gain-flattening nodes. We explain these results by a simple model, in which we derive the conditions for optimum pre-emphasis in the presence of either distortionlike (e.g., self-phase modulation) or noiselike (e.g., four-wave mixing) nonlinearities. We show that, for relatively small gain ripple, both of these optimum pre-emphasis techniques are equivalent to equalizing the optical signal-to-noise ratio for all channels and producing a flat power spectrum near the middle of the link. Hence, enforcing the straight-line spectrum in the middle of the link is the closest practical approximation to the optimum pre-emphasis.
Entrainment and mixing in buoyancy‐reversing convection with applications to cloud‐top entrainment instability

A consensus seems to exist throughout the cloud-physics community that buoyancy reversal associated with evaporative cooling affects not only the global (cloud-scale) dynamics of a convective cloud, but also the rate of mixing between the cloud and its environment. The latter effect is associated with the concept of the so-called ‘cloud-top entrainment instability’ (CTEI), which assumes a positive feedback between buoyancy reversal and the rate of entrainment. In this paper, effects of buoyancy reversal on cloud dynamics are discussed in the context of an unstratified anelastic two-fluid system. Convection in this system mimics some essential features of cumulus convection. Two-dimensional numerical experiments, with and without the effects of buoyancy reversal, have been performed. It was found that buoyancy reversal has a dramatic impact on the overall flow evolution, but that its effect on the rate of mixing between the two fluids is small, i.e. flows which differed dramatically depending on whether there was buoyancy reversal or not still resulted in similar amounts of mass being mixed. This result casts doubt on the concept of CTEI in cumulus dynamics. The distinction between strong global effects of buoyancy reversal and minor effects on the rate of mixing in buoyancy-reversing convection is supported by laboratory experiments with classical and buoyancy-reversing thermals.
CHEMICAL VERSUS SERUM TREATMENT OF EPIDEMIC MENINGITIS

Claims of efficiency have been made at two widely separated periods for the chemical treatment of epidemic meningitis, in the first instance for lysol and in the second for protargol. The use of lysol was long since abandoned; the recommendation for protargol is based on a single series of cases, small in number. Because of the variable severity of epidemics of meningitis, small reliance can be placed on results of treatment limited in extent to small numbers of cases and to one locality. A more uniform and accurate measure of the value of a method of treatment is provided by animals infected experimentally with pathogenic cultures of meningococci. Young guinea pigs respond in a definite manner to intraperitoneal inoculation of virulent meningococci. Neither protargol nor lysol proved to have any curative action on the experimental infection thus produced in these animals. Monkeys respond in a characteristic manner to the inoculation of virulent cultures into the subarachnoid space. Protargol displayed no curative action on the experimental infection thus produced in these animals. On the contrary, both lysol and protargol exert antileukotactic and antiphagocytic effects, and are also potent protoplasmic poisons, and the leukocytes with which they come in contact are injured and made to degenerate. According to the extent to which these harmful properties are exerted, the chemicals promote the advance rather than restrain the progress of meningococcic infection. Recovery from meningococcic infection in man and animals is accomplished chiefly through the process of phagocytosis. The specific antiserum acts curatively by increasing the emigration of leukocytes, by promoting phagocytosis directly, and by agglutinating the meningococci, and also by neutralizing endotoxin. Any means which interfere with and reduce these essential processes retard or prevent recovery. Both lysol and protargol interfere with and diminish the emigration of leukocytes and the phagocytosis of meningococci, and neither possesses antitoxic power. The mixture of antiserum with lysol and with protargol reduces to a certain extent the antileukotactic and antiphagocytic effect of the chemicals; but this action is insufficient to set aside wholly the injurious effects which they produce. It follows, therefore, that whatever theoretical advantages might accrue from a bactericidal activity exerted by these chemicals independently of the type of meningococcus causing epidemic meningitis, is more than offset by the harmful effects which they cause. Hence specific antiserum seems to provide the logical therapeutic agent with which to combat epidemic meningitis, since it is itself innocuous and promotes those processes essential to recovery from the disease. The problem up to the present has been that of producing an antiserum which represents the several types of the meningococcus, and this problem is now in a fair way to being solved.
Management of Complications of Suppurative Otitis Media

Educational objective: To review the principles of management of complications of otitis media, emphasizing early recognition.
Modeling Deep Burn TRISO particle nuclear fuel

Abstract Under the DOE Deep Burn program TRISO fuel is being investigated as a fuel form for consuming plutonium and minor actinides, and for greater efficiency in uranium utilization. The result will thus be to drive TRISO particulate fuel to very high burn-ups. In the current effort the various phenomena in the TRISO particle are being modeled using a variety of techniques. The chemical behavior is being treated utilizing thermochemical analysis to identify phase formation/transformation and chemical activities in the particle, including kernel migration. Density functional theory is being used to understand fission product diffusion within the plutonia oxide kernel, the fission product’s attack on the SiC coating layer, as well as fission product diffusion through an alternative coating layer, ZrC. Finally, a multiscale approach is being used to understand thermal transport, including the effect of radiation damage induced defects, in a model SiC material.
Process Control of Polymerization Reactors: An Industrial Perspective

ABSTRACTPolymerization reactors usually exhibit complex nonlinear dynamic behavior because of the complexity of the physicochemical interactions and the kinetics of the polymerization reactions. In these reactors many important variables, often related to end-use polymer properties, cannot be measured on-line or can only be measured at very low sampling frequencies. Furthermore, end-use polymer properties are usually related to the molecular weight and composition distributions in the polymerization reactor. Finally, the typical industrial polymer reactor is used to manufacture a variety of grades of the same basic product necessitating frequent startups, on-line transitions, and shutdowns.The approaches used by the authors to meet these challenges are illustrated, within the constraints of protecting proprietary information, by focusing on the modeling and control of a commercial multiproduct continuous emulsion copolymerization reactor. The development of fundamental process understanding captured in a ...
Potentials of physical adsorption

Abstract A summary of key data concerning physical adsorption potentials is presented. Over 250 gas-surface systems have been considered. For each, we tabulate (when available) the van der Waals adsorption coefficient (C3), the equilibrium distance (zm), well depth (D), and binding energy (Eb) of the laterally averaged interaction potential as deduced from analyses of experimental data and calculations. “Best values” are proposed for many systems. Our tables are preceded by an introduction to the experimental and theoretical methods used in deducing physical adsorption potentials.
Effects of mechanical and chemical disruption on the ATP-phosphohydrolase activity and ultrastructure of sperm flagella

Abstract The Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATP-phosphohydrolase (ATPase) activities measurable in suspensions of and extracts from bull epididymal spermatozoa flagella, sonicated for 2 min at 8 W, were compared with those of control flagella after 0, 3, and 18 h dialysis against an alkaline 0.5 M KCl extracting solution. Activity was measured in the absence of and in the presence of oligomycin. The effects of sonication and extraction on structural components within the flagella were visualized electron microscopically. Sonication caused fragmentation of flagella, extensive disruption of mitochondria and an immediate (0 h) increase in both Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATP-ase activity. Prolonged dialysis resulted in solubilization of specific flagellar structures, partial disruption of mitochondrial integrity, and increases in ATPase activity. Mg2+-ATPases of flagellar suspensions and extracts were greater than Ca2+-ATPases, and a part of this Mg2+-ATPase activity was inhibited by oligomycin. Therefore, Mg2+-ATPases from disrupted mitochondria contribute to the Mg2+-ATPase activities measurable in suspensions of and extracts from bull sperm flagella. This study emphasizes the necessity of evaluating the effects of the mechanical and chemical treatments used in fractionating cells before interpreting the biochemical information derived from their isolated components.
Dynamic response of blast loaded prestressed flat plates

Abstract A finite difference method was used to study the effect of inplane loads on the dynamic response of a square flat plate subjected to a transverse blast load. The method can be easily programmed for rapid evaluation on a digital computer. A modal superposition method of analysis and a shock spectrum for the load are used. It is shown that inplane tension loads significantly influence the stiffness and subsequent dynamic response of flat plates.
A combined numerical–empirical method to calculate finite-time Lyapunov exponents from experimental time series with application to vessel capsizing

Abstract This paper presents a method to calculate finite-time Lyapunov exponents (FTLEs) for experimental time series using numerical simulation to approximate the local Jacobian of the system at each time step. This combined numerical–experimental approach to the calculation of FTLE is applicable to any physical system which can be numerically approximated. By way of example, the method is applied to the problem of vessel capsize.
Origin of intact lactoferrin and its DNA-binding fragments found in the urine of human milk-fed preterm infants. Evaluation by stable isotopic enrichment.

The origin of intact (78-kD) lactoferrin found in the urine of human milk-fed preterm infants was investigated using human milk containing proteins enriched with [13C]leucine and [15N2]lysine or [2H4]lysine. Mothers of infants selected for the study were infused i.v. with [13C] leucine and [15N2]lysine or [2H4]lysine to label milk proteins. The labeled milk was collected from each mother, pooled, fortified with a lyophilized human milk fraction, and fed to her preterm infant by continuous orogastric infusion for a period of 48 h. Urine was collected from each infant for 96 h. Intact lactoferrin (78 kD) and DNA-binding lactoferrin fragments (51 and 39 kD) were purified from the urine by affinity chromatography on columns of immobilized single-stranded DNA-agarose. The concentration and isotopic enrichment of the intact lactoferrin and DNA-binding fragments were determined separately after their isolation by high-performance reverse-phase (phenyl) chromatography. Mass spectral analyses indicated that the isotopic enrichment of the purified urinary lactoferrin was 87 to 100% of that in the labeled human milk lactoferrin. Similar results were obtained for the isolated DNA-binding lactoferrin fragments. The ratios of isotopically labeled leucine to lysine in the purified milk lactoferrins and urinary lactoferrins were similar for each mother/infant pair. Isotopically labeled lysine, added to the milk as free amino acid, was not incorporated into the purified urinary lactoferrin. These results demonstrate that undegraded (78-kD) lactoferrin of maternal origin is absorbed by the gut and excreted intact in the urine of preterm infants; nearly all of the urinary lactoferrin was of maternal origin. The possible immunoregulatory functions of the absorbed intact, maternal lactoferrin are discussed.
Initial experience with coronary angioplasty and aortic valvuloplasty using elective semipercutaneous cardiopulmonary support

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty has become widely used in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease over the past decade,1 but it is associated with a risk of approximately 5% of acute arterial closure.2 Patients whose “target” arteries supply large amounts of myocardium and those with substantially reduced left ventricular function are often not considered angioplasty candidates because of the hemodynamic collapse associated with arterial occlusion. At times, intraaortic balloon pumping is used prophylactically in such high risk patients.3,4 Intraoperative angioplasty has also been performed in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass along with surgical revascularization.5 Recently balloon valvuloplasty has been introduced for the management of aortic, mitral and pulmonic valvular stenosis.6 Balloon inflation across the aortic valve is associated with substantial reduction of cardiac output, hypotension and ventricular arrhythmias. To reduce the problems associated with these high risk interventions, we have placed patients on prophylactic semipercutaneous cardiopulmonary bypass in the catheterization laboratory before the performance of these interventions. We have termed this technique “supported angioplasty” or “valvuloplasty.” Patient descriptions, techniques and outcomes for the first 7 patients managed by this approach are described herein.
Hijacking Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase for Amino Acid-Dependent Regulation of TORC1

TORC1 activity in all eukaryotes is dependent on amino acid availability. However, the mechanism through which TORC1 senses amino acids is still a mystery. In the current issues of Molecular Cell and Cell, Bonfils et al. (2012) and Han et al. (2012) implicate leucyl-tRNA synthetase in this evolving story.
Extended cognitive behavior therapy for cigarette smoking cessation

Primary aim Examine the effectiveness of extended cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) in promoting longer-term smoking abstinence. Design Open-label treatment phase followed by extended treatment phase. Randomization conducted prior to entry into open-label treatment phase; analysis based on intention-to-treat to avoid threat of selection bias. Setting Community smoking cessation clinic. Participants A total of 304 adult smokers (≥18 years of age; ≥10 cigarettes/day). Intervention Open-label (8 weeks): all participants received bupropion SR, nicotine patch, CBT. Extended treatment (12 weeks): participants received either CBT + voicemail monitoring and telephone counseling or telephone-based general support. Measurements Seven-day point prevalence abstinence, expired-air carbon monoxide. Results At week 20 follow-up, CBT produced a higher 7-day point prevalence abstinence rate: 45% versus 29%, P = 0.006; at 52 weeks the difference in abstinence rates (31% versus 27%) was not significant. History of depression was a moderator of treatment. Those with a positive history had a better treatment response at 20 weeks when assigned to the less intensive telephone support therapy (P < 0.05). Conclusion The superiority of CBT to 20 weeks suggests that continued emphasis on the development of cognitive and behavioral strategies for maintaining non-smoking during an extended treatment phase may help smokers to maintain abstinence in the longer term. At present, the minimum duration of therapy is unknown.
The role of the hyperintellectual in civil society building and democratization in the Balkans

Although intellectuals have been a part of the cultural landscape, it is in post-conflict societies, such as those found in Kosovo and Bosnia, that there has arisen a need for an intellectual who is more than simply a social critic, an educator, a man of action, and a compassionate individual. Enter the hyperintellectual. As this essay will make clear, it is the hyperintellectual, who through a reciprocating critique and defense of both the nationalist enterprise and strong interventionism of the International Community, as well as being a man of action and compassionate and empathic insider, strives to create a climate of understanding and to enlarge the moral space so as to reduce the divisiveness between opposing parties. In this way the hyperintellectual becomes a catalyst for the creation of a democratic culture within the civil societies of Kosovo and Bosnia.
THE EXPERT’S OPINION

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series is a popular quality standard for the telecommunication equipment companies in Thailand. The Thai government decided to adopt the ISO 9000 standards to be a national standard named Thai Industrial Standards (TIS) 9000. Companies can apply for either national or international registration as necessary.
114 RENAL CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF DIRECT STIMULATION OF CENTRAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PIGLETS

114 RENAL CIRCULATORY EFFECTS OF DIRECT STIMULATION OF CENTRAL AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PIGLETS
A New Approach To The Modelling Of Distributed Non-self-adjoint Systems

Abstract This paper is concerned with the modelling of distributed non-self-adjoint systems, such as damped structures. In using the method of weighted residuals to produce an approximate solution to the eigenvalue problem, the displacement of a non-self-adjoint structure is ordinarily represented by a linear combination of comparison functions, i.e., functions that satisfy all the boundary conditions. For many problems, comparison functions are difficult to generate, so that the question arises as to an alternative approach. Clearly, solutions in terms of comparison functions satisfy the boundary conditions exactly but experience errors in the differential equation. The new approach consists of constructing an approximate solution to the eigenvalue problem from the field of quasi-comparison functions, defined as linear combinations of admissible functions capable of satisfying all the boundary conditions of the problem. The newly developed quasi-comparison functions have been used with considerable success for self-adjoint structures. This paper demonstrates that the same remarkable convergence properties characterize approximate solutions in terms of quasi-comparison functions for non-self-adjoint systems.
Effect of aluminum on the microstructure and properties of two refractory high-entropy alloys

Abstract The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of the AlMo 0.5 NbTa 0.5 TiZr and Al 0.4 Hf 0.6 NbTaTiZr high-entropy alloys are reported. The AlMo 0.5 NbTa 0.5 TiZr alloy consists of two body-centered cubic (bcc) phases with very close lattice parameters, a 1 = 326.8 pm and a 2 = 332.4 pm. One phase was enriched with Mo, Nb and Ta and another phase was enriched with Al and Zr. The phases formed nano-lamellae modulated structure inside equiaxed grains. The alloy had a density of ρ = 7.40 g cm −3 and Vickers hardness H v = 5.8 GPa. Its yield strength was 2000 MPa at 298 K and 745 MPa at 1273 K. The Al 0.4 Hf 0.6 NbTaTiZr had a single-phase bcc structure, with the lattice parameter a = 336.7 pm. This alloy had a density ρ = 9.05 g cm −3 , Vickers microhardness H v = 4.9 GPa, and its yield strength at 298 K and 1273 K was 1841 MPa and 298 MPa, respectively. The properties of these Al-containing alloys were compared with the properties of the parent CrMo 0.5 NbTa 0.5 TiZr and HfNbTaTiZr alloys and the beneficial effects from the Al additions on the microstructure and properties were outlined. A thermodynamic calculation of the solidification and equilibrium phase diagrams was conducted for these alloys and the calculated results were compared with the experimental data.
Simulation of dual firing of hydrogen-rich reformate and JP-8 surrogate in a swirling combustor

Abstract Flame control, particularly at very lean conditions, is a critical requirement for external combustion power sources such as thermoelectric and thermophotovoltaic generators. The availability of in-situ produced hydrogen from JP-8 fuel reforming presents a potential supply of hydrogen at the application site, such as the battlefield, without adding a second fuel to the logistics system. This research investigates the use of small amounts of hydrogen co-fired with JP-8 for improved energy efficiency, operational flexibility and environmental protection. Numerical simulations were conducted in a 6 kW (thermal) swirling flow combustor under different conditions. The simulations use hydrogen and a single hydrocarbon surrogate for JP-8 with a 4-step reaction mechanism. It also examined the effect of using hydrogen-rich reformate containing hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other gases dual-fired with JP-8. Results showed that at lean conditions, dual firing of hydrogen or reformate with JP-8 provided improved fuel conversion, better flame stability and higher fuel burnout. Dual firing hydrogen-rich reformate and JP-8 led to increased burner capacity, reduced system size and weight requirements. However, dual firing with hydrogen provided little benefit to JP-8 combustion under stoichiometric or fuel rich conditions because they were limited by mixing rather than chemical kinetics. These results indicate that dual firing of hydrogen with JP-8 is a promising method for improving lean flame stability and burner control. This has the potential to enable small scale power applications with specific temperature requirements such as thermoelectric and thermophotovoltaic generators.
Is Anesthesia Intrinsically Wrong? On Moral Absolutes and Natural Law Methodology

This article engages two fundamentally different kinds of so-called natural law arguments in favor of specific moral absolutes: Elizabeth Anscombe's claim that certain actions are known to be intrinsically wrong through intuition (or mystical perceptions), and John Finnis's claim that such actions are known to be wrong because they involve acting directly against a basic human good. Both authors maintain, for example, that murder and contraceptive sexual acts are known to be wrong, always and everywhere, through their respective epistemological lens. This article uses the counter-example of anesthesia to challenge these two approaches to substantiating natural law claims. The paper concludes by rejecting the view shared by Professors Finnis and Anscombe that once one rejects these foundations for moral absolutes, one is left with moral subjectivism. In fact, one is left with moral absolutes of a more restricted nature, which are known philosophically, and with more robust moral absolutes held on religious grounds. Virtues are needed in the moral life, among other reasons, because such norms require discernment and integrity for their correct application.
Distributed CFAR target detection

Abstract We present a review of different distributed constant false alarm rate target detection techniques. We argue that for optimum results involving multiple targets and clutter of variable characteristics, the proper choice is an architecture involving decentralizing processing at multiple sensor sites. A new radar target detection example shows that a simple Boolean OR fusion rule can provide robust and competitive performance when compared to more complex fusion rules.
Dilute instanton gas as the precursor to the integral quantum Hall effect.

An explicit expression is proposed for the renormalization-group equations for ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{xx}}$, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{xy}}$, i.e., the magnetoconductance tensor for the two-dimensional disordered electronic system subject to a magnetic background field. The formulas are derived from the ``dilute instanton gas'' approximation, which is given a clear meaning within the previously derived nonlinear \ensuremath{\sigma}-model description for the transport properties of the system.
Unusual but uncomplicated peptic ulcers.

T f, S GE~;aIC TE~ "peptic ulcer" results from a nearly universal acceptance of the combination of acid and pepsin as the essential environment factor associated with these lesions. Despite many significant differences between gastric and duodenal ulcers, the relationship of acid-pepsin to the natural history of both has thus far remained unassailable. Under this broad nomenclature, certain infrequently occurring ulcers demand inclusion. Some of them appear to possess unusual characteristics, and most of them are different in both appearance and behavior from their more numerous and familiar gastric and duodenal prototypes. They are important because they often constitute a serious threat to life through perforation or hemorrhage. Failure to anticipate and possibly prevent these catastrophic complications must be ascribed to deficiencies in the approach to diagnosis. The presumption that some of these faults are eorreetible may emerge from a review of our recent experience with some of these unusual ulcers. ESOPHAGEAL ULCER
Synthesis and release of sulfated glycoproteins by cultured glial cells

Abstract Both primary cultured glial cells and cloned (C-6) glioma cells have been shown to synthesize and release sulfated glycoproteins. It was found that N-linked tri- and tetra-antennary glycopeptides recovered from the glycoproteins contained most of the (35S)sulfate label. C-6 glial cells showed a higher rate of oligosaccharide sulfation than the primary glial cultures. Both cell types exhibited a high rate of release of sulfated glycoproteins into the medium. The ratio of 35 S 3 H incorporated from (35S) sulfate and (3H)glucosamine in the released material was higher than that of the glycoproteins associated with the cell, indicating an enrichment of sulfated glycoproteins in the secreted materials. Monensin inhibited both the synthesis and the release of sulfated glycoproteins.
The melting of finite steel slabs in flowing nuclear reactor fuel

Abstract The problem of predicting the melting attack of steel structure by flowing reactor fuel arises in the analysis of the potential for subassembly-to-subassembly failure propagation in fast reactors. Frequently the molten fuel-solid-steel interface temperature falls between the fusion temperatures for these substances upon contact, resulting in solidification in the initially molten fuel and melting in the initially solid steel. If, in addition, the steel structure is sufficiently thick, remelting of the fuel crust may take place before melting of the solid steel is complete. A formulation is presented herein to describe the rate of melting of a finite steel slab by solidifying fuel that flows over one side of the slab. A set of charts is provided for making rapid predictions of the rate of erosion of the surface of a steel slab immersed in a flow of molten UO 2 , ThO 2 or ThC. Quantitative criteria are derived defining the validity of the model.
Perspectives on medical school admission.

This article is the author's formulation of important issues concerning medical school admission: that (1) in recent years, almost all applicants who have been admitted to medical school have obtained the M.D. degree and been licensed to practice; (2) given this high success rate, an accepted applicant's economic security is virtually guaranteed; (3) the admission decision contributes directly to the formation of a highly paid, high-status professional elite; (4) the link between students' academic aptitude for medical education and their achievement in medical school is weak; (5) schools pay lip-service to the importance of students' character, motivation, and other personal qualities but continue to select students with high grades in science courses and high MCAT scores; (6) admission officers and committees often confuse selecting students with predicting their achievement in medical school; (7) two core values in American culture (self-reliance and competition) encourage the use of norm-referenced measurement in all phases of education; and (8) there are alternatives to the traditional approach to defining eligibility for professional education.
Kinetics of the association of H+3 with H2 at low temperatures

Abstract The rate constant for the formation of H + 5 (D + 5 ) at (86 ± 3) °K by the three-body process has been determined ( k 3 (H) = (2.16 ± 0.10) × 10 −28 × 10 −28 cm 6 /molecule 2 sec and k 3 (D) = (1.47 ± 0.20) × 10 −28 cm 6 /molecule 2 sec) in a high pressure mass spectrometer. Comparison of this result with published rate data at 300 °K indicates the reaction has an apparent activation energy of −1.5 kcal/mole.