cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PCR-based phylogenetic walking: Isolation of para-homologous sodium channel gene sequences from seven insect species and an arachnid

Abstract The voltage-sensitive sodium channel is the site of action of two important classes of insecticides, DDT and pyrethroids. We recently used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify sodium channel gene sequences in the house fly genome and showed the direct use of the amplification product as a conspecific hybridization probe. This report describes the use of this method to isolate sodium channel gene sequences from seven insect species (representing four orders) and an arachnid, thereby demonstrating its general utility for quickly and efficaciously isolating homologous sequences from distantly related species. DNA sequence analysis of the amplified products revealed that all but a few were homologous to the IS5-6 region of the para gene of Drosophila melanogaster , the region upon which the design of the target primers was based. Although unique nucleotide sequences were obtained for each species (with some species having more than one sequence variant), the inferred amino acid sequences of the 15 residue stretch between the amino acid target sequences were found to be completely conserved or to contain a single conservative replacement of serine with threonine. We suggest that this methodology now permits specific knowledge obtained from molecular genetic analysis of D. melanogaster to be applied straightforwardly to the characterization of many genes and the primary products of their expression in other insect specs.
Wideband pulse compression via Brillouin scattering in the Bragg limit

The optical characteristics of a pulse compression system which makes use of Brillouin scattering in the Bragg limit have been studied. If one makes use of a diffraction-limited laser source of illumination, it is found that the correct system geometry results in a bandwidth which is as large as simple diffraction theory predicts. The study shows that the bandwidth of the system, for maximum signal, is given by one-half the total frequency sweep of the incident chirped pulse and that the expected dynamic range of signals that the system can reproduce is of the order of 104. The analysis also indicates how accurately certain system parameters must be controlled to achieve the maximum compressed pulse signal. These parameters include the angle of propagation of the sound pulse, the slit position of the light detector for the time compressed pulse, and the tolerance of the system to undesirable variations or fluctuations in the prescribed ideal frequency sweep of the acoustic wave.
UDP-GlcNAc:Glycoprotein GlcNAc-Transferase is Located in the Golgi Apparatus of Developing Bean Cotyledons.

The transport and accumulation of phytohemagglutinin in developing bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cotyledons is accompanied by the transient presence of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues on the oligosaccharide sidechains of this glycoprotein. These peripheral GlcNAc residues can be distinguished from those in the chitobiose portion of the oligosaccharide sidechains by their sensitivity to removal by the exoglycosidase β-N-acetylglucosaminidase. GlcNAc residues sensitive to removal by β-N-acetylglucosaminidase are present not only on phytohemagglutinin, but also on other newly synthesized proteins. The enzyme UDPGlcNAc:glycoprotein GlcNAc-transferase which transfers GlcNAc residues to glycoproteins was first described by Davies and Delmer (Plant Physiol 1981 68: 284-291). The data presented here show that this enzyme is associated with the Golgi complex of developing cotyledons.
Kinetics of reduction of lead oxide in liquid slag by carbon in iron

The reduction of lead oxide in dilute solution in CaO-Al2O2-SiO3 slag by carbon dissolved in iron was investigated using a composite crucible as a container so as to exclude graphite from the system. The variables studied to elucidate the reaction mechanism were pressure inside the crucible, carbon content of the metal, lead oxide concentration in slag, and slag composition. The experimental results are best explained by postulating the existence of a gas film at the slag metal interface. It is suggested that the rate controlling step for the lead oxide reduction by carbon is a chemical reaction at the gas/slag interface. The rate constant for up to 3 wt pct PbO in the slag and 2.0 to 4.3 pct C in iron at 1400 °C as calculated from the present study is 4.6 x 10-4 mol/cm2/min/atm.
Rule selection for knowledge-based product design

Knowledge-intensive and collaborative environment becomes more significant in the modern product development. To realize a true knowledge-based product design environment, however, the complexity of design constraint is still cumbersome issue to tackle. Typically, product design information comes from various sources and rapidly changes; design is evolutionary. Thus, a minimal set of rules is required to make an appropriate design decision. This paper aims to present a rule reduct based approach to select systematically minimal set of rules. Rough set theory synthesizes approximation of concepts, analyzes data by discovering patterns, and classifies into certain decision classes, which can be extracted from data by means of methods based on Boolean reasoning and discernibility. In this paper, this rule reduct based approach is compared with the absorption theorem based approach.
COMPUTER PROGRAMS FOR ANALYTICAL PERTURBATIVE CALCULATIONS IN HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS

A short review of the present status of computer packages for the high order analytical perturbative calculations is presented. The mathematical algorithm and the quantum field theory methods used are briefly discussed. The most recent computer package HEPLoops for analytical computations in high energy physics up to four-loops is also discussed.
Accounting for the Rise in Consumer Bankruptcy Rates in the United States: A Preliminary Analysis of Aggregate Data (1945–1981)

While previous surveys of bankrupts and cross-sectional analyses of state data have provided a profile of “typical” bankrupts and the various constraints under which they operate, little in the economic and legal literature on personal financial failure explains the postwar growth in consumer bankruptcies in the United States. This paper constitutes a first attempt to model the theoretically appropriate determinants of aggregate failure rates and to test them empirically for the period 1945 to 1981. The data indicate that the incidence of financial failure has been exacerbated by rising divorce rates, unemployment and credit use, which increased through the mid-1970's. These trends were largely mitigated by increasing consumer wealth held in the form of real estate. However, there is tentative evidence that during its first two years, the Bankruptcy Reform Act of 1978 may have encouraged consumers to petition for bankruptcy.
The Oxidative Inactivation of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase by Peroxynitrite

The oxidative inactivation of rabbit skeletal muscle Ca 2+-ATPase in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) vesicles by peroxynitrite (ONOO−) was investigated. The exposure of SR vesicles (10 mg/ml protein) to low peroxynitrite concentrations (≤0.2 mM) resulted in a decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity primarily through oxidation of sulf-hydryl groups. Most of this deactivation (ca. 70%) could be chemically reversed by subsequent reduction of the enzyme with either dithiothreitol (DTT) or sodium borohydride (NaBH4), indicating that free cysteine groups were oxidized to disulfides. The initial presence of 5 mM glutathione failed to protect the SR Ca2+-ATPase activity. However, as long as peroxynitrite concentrations were kept ≤0.45 mM, the efficacy of DTT to reverse Ca 2+-ATPase inactivation was enhanced for re action mixtures which initially contained 5 mM gluta thione. At least part of the disulfides were formed intermolecularly since gel electrophoresis revealed protein aggregation which could be reduced under reducin...
A belief theoretic approach for characterization of underwater munitions

Characterization, management and remediation of military munitions, especially in underwater environments, is a challenging task given all the technical and physical barriers. Optical cameras are better suited for identifying the physical shape of objects. But in underwater, low visibility almost prohibits the use of these cameras. Acoustic imaging is a good alternative to this, but the characteristics of imaging along with numerous artifacts of physical systems which are not easy to model, makes the object recognition task non-trivial. We explore here the possibility of exploiting the geometry of the object shadows for identification of objects itself. The inherited imperfections of the data and the numerous artifacts of sonar systems are counteracted via the use of a fusion algorithm which incorporates evidence from multiple perspectives. A Dempster-Shafer belief theoretic evidence updating scheme which is capable of modeling a wider variety of data imperfections is used for the fusion task. We illustrate the method via the use of real data obtained at a test site located in the Florida Atlantic University premises.
Dielectric response, nonlinear-optical processes, and the Bloch–Maxwell equations for polarizable fluids

Reduced equations of motion, which generalize the Bloch–Maxwell equations to polarizable fluids with intermolecular interactions, are derived. Local-field effects are analyzed using the solvable limiting case of a perfect crystal. The dielectric function ∊(k, ω) and the nonlinear susceptibility χ(3) are explicitly evaluated for a model system. Two four-wave mixing techniques, which provide a direct probe for transport processes, are analyzed: the transient grating and its frequency-domain analog. A unified picture is provided for transport phenomena, cascading, and polariton effects.
Does Contact With Advisors Predict Judgments and Attitudes Consistent With Student Success? A Multi-institutional Study

We introduce 5 cognitive and 3 affective outcome measures related to student judgments and attitudes that might result from quality advising encounters. The outcomes have been linked to, or can be conceptualized as predictive of, retention. We examined these outcomes in an online survey of 22,305 students from 2 community colleges and 7 universities as a function of (a) whether or how often students contacted faculty/professional advisors in the formal advising system and (b) whether students consulted advisors, self-advised using official advising materials, or relied upon advice from informal sources to choose required classes. Students who contacted advisors scored higher on all outcomes: They reported more knowledge and attitudes consistent with continuing at their institution and completing their educational program.
The ROI of Systems Engineering: Some Quantitative Results

This paper presents quantitative results on the return on investment of systems engineering (SE-ROI) from an analysis of the 161 software projects in the COCOMO II database. The analysis shows that, after normalizing for the effects of other cost drivers, the cost difference between projects doing a minimal job of software systems engineering - as measured by the thoroughness of its architecture definition and risk resolution - and projects doing a very thorough job was 18% for small projects and 92% for very large software projects as measured in lines of code.
Language processing is strongly left lateralized in both sexes. Evidence from functional MRI

Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to examine gender effects on brain activation during a language comprehension task. A large number of subjects (50 women and 50 men) was studied to maximize the statistical power to detect subtle differences between the sexes. To estimate the specificity of findings related to sex differences, parallel analyses were performed on two groups of randomly assigned subjects. Men and women showed very similar, strongly left lateralized activation patterns. Voxel-wise tests for group differences in overall activation patterns demonstrated no significant differences between women and men. In further analyses, group differences were examined by region of interest and by hemisphere. No differences were found between the sexes in lateralization of activity in any region of interest or in intrahemispheric cortical activation patterns. These data argue against substantive differences between men and women in the large-scale neural organization of language processes.
Pest Status of Invasive Crane Flies in New York Turfgrass and the Repercussions for Regional Plant Protection

Gauging the pest status of invasive insects is a vital element of postestablishment management and response plans. After their 2004 detection in New York, diverse field observations were summarized to appraise the pest status of Tipula oleracea L. and T. paludosa Meigen in turfgrass of the Northeast United States. In residential lawns, impacts included nuisance swarms of adults and accumulations of larvae, and stand loss because of thinning and die-back, mostly attributed to T. paludosa. No damage was attributed to early instars in fall despite densities of 123–544 larvae/m2. For late instars in spring, nondamaging and damaging densities were 123–142 and 753–829 larvae/m2, respectively. In golf courses, impacts included chewing damage on putting greens, nuisance accumulations of larvae on playing surfaces, die-back of rough-mown turf, and disruption resulting from vertebrate predation. Damage to putting greens was attributed to T. oleracea at densities of 140–318 larvae/m2. Abrupt appearance of injury and decline in abundance toward the center of infested greens was evidence for immigration from surrounding turf. Insecticidal control disrupted play because of the abundance of larval cadavers on the surface. On roughs, T. paludosa caused die-back as a consequence of root pruning. For early instars in fall and late instars in spring, nondamaging densities were 136–375 and 77–115 larvae/m2, respectively. In sod farms, impact included presence of larvae in production fields and the first confirmation that harvesting, shipping, and installing infested sod can lead to establishments at sites remote to field of origin. The categories and magnitude of damage observed in New York, the new insecticide burden this engenders, and the likelihood of spread to new regions and agroecosystems, indicate that continued range expansion will have serious repercussions for regional plant protection.
Identification of a Somatodendritic Targeting Signal in the Cytoplasmic Domain of the Transferrin Receptor

Neurons are highly polarized cells that must sort proteins synthesized in the cell body for transport into the axon or the dendrites. Given the amount of time and energy needed to deliver proteins to the distal processes, neurons must have high fidelity mechanisms that ensure proper polarized protein trafficking. Although a variety of proteins are localized either to the somatodendritic domain or to the axon ([Craig and Banker, 1994][1]), the question of whether there are signal-dependent mechanisms that sort proteins to distinct neuronal domains is only beginning to be addressed. To determine sequence requirements for the polarized sorting of transmembrane proteins into dendrites, we expressed mutant transferrin receptors in cultured rat hippocampal neurons, using a defective herpes virus vector. Wild-type human transferrin receptor colocalized with the endogenous protein in dendritic endosomes and was strictly excluded from axons, despite overexpression. Polarized targeting was abolished by deletion of cytoplasmic amino acids 7–10, 11–14, or 19–28, but not 29–42 or 43–58. These deletions also increased the appearance of transferrin receptor on the plasma membrane, implying that endocytosis and dendritic targeting are mediated by overlapping signals and similar molecular mechanisms. In addition, we have characterized a specialized para-Golgi endosome poised to play a critical role in the polarized recycling of transmembrane proteins. [1]: #ref-9
World Wide Taxation of U.S. Citizens Living Abroad - Impact of FATCA and Two Proposals

This article addresses several questions, including: • Do US citizens living abroad face significant tax compliance burdens and have those burdens been further increased by FATCA? • Do ultra-wealthy US citizens have an incentive to expatriate under current law, and should a deemed estate tax be imposed at the time of their expatriation? • Does FATCA justify a change from a worldwide system of individual taxation to a residence-based system? • Do the cumulative burdens on US citizens abroad justify legislative action? • If so, what law changes should be considered? The article concludes the answers to the first four questions are: (i) yes and yes, (ii) yes and yes, (iii) no, and (iv) yes. As to the fifth question, the article does not explicitly take a position on a worldwide vs. a residence-based system of taxation. Rather, two proposals are made. The first assumes Congress retains the existing worldwide tax system, while the second assumes Congress takes the unlikely step of adopting a residence-based tax system. The goal of each proposal is to (i) reduce compliance burdens for citizens abroad, and (ii) minimize fairness and revenue issues. For example, if the US adopts a residence-based system, safeguards will clearly be necessary to avoid a material loss in tax revenue attributable to ultra-wealthy US citizens moving their residence abroad.
Design and synthesis of tag-free photoprobes for the identification of the molecular target for CCG-1423, a novel inhibitor of the Rho/MKL1/SRF signaling pathway

CCG-1423 and related analogues represent a new class of inhibitors of Rho/MKL1/SRF-mediated gene transcription, a pathway that has been implicated in both cancer and fibrosis. The molecular target for these compounds is unknown. To facilitate its identification, a series of tag-free photoaffinity probes was designed and synthesized, each one containing a photoactivatable group and an acetylenic end group for subsequent attachment to a fluorescent tag using click chemistry. All were confirmed to maintain biological activity in a cell-based assay for inhibition of SRE-Luc expression. The functional activity of the most potent probe 24 was further confirmed in an assay for PC-3 cell migration. Photolysis of 24 in intact PC-3 cells followed by cell lysis, click ligation of a fluorescent dye, and gel electrophoresis revealed specific labeling of a single 24 kDa band that could be blocked with an active competitor. Future work will focus on identifying the labeled protein(s).
Parallel pruning decomposition (PDS) and biconnected components of graphs

We introduce pruning decomposition, a new method of graph decom position which is very useful in developing a parallel algorithm for graph problems on EREW P-RAM. We present parallel algorithms that achieve the decomposition and an parallel algorithm for finding biconnected components of graphs based on the pruning decomposition. The complexity for both algorithms on EREW P-RAM is dominated by the spanning tree construction.
FOLKSOMAPS - towards community driven intelligent maps for developing regions

Many services taken for granted in the developed world are often missing from the developing countries. One typical example is that of map systems that form the basis of several location driven services. Its heavy reliance on content, provides a huge barrier towards building such systems. Further, in developing countries like India, the infrastructure typically has a history of unplanned development, leading to unorganized addresses and absence of standard naming conventions for roads. Detailed map systems such as online maps have only recently started becoming available but for major cities. Remote towns and villages remain out of reach till date. In this paper, we investigate a community-driven approach for creating maps in developing regions - following Web 2.0 principles, but not entirely relying on the existing Web. Our system, dubbed FOLKSOMAPS is an intelligent, community constructed map system, particularly architected with developing regions in mind. We present the design of FOLKSOMAPS, followed by an implementation of our proof-of-concept system. We present user studies aimed at understanding the uptake, usability and utility of FOLKSOMAPS. The results indicate a strong need for such a community-generated mapping ecosystem.
Cancellation of Electrocardiographic Effects During Ventricular Excitation

Theoretical and experimental estimates of the amount of cancellation of electrocardiographic effects of ventricular excitation have been carried out. The theoretical estimate was based on the excitation sequence reported by Scher and consisted of comparing the total length of excitation fronts at several moments in the activation process with a measurement of the uncanceled portions of these fronts. Experimental estimates in 10 dogs were based on the relative areas of spatial magnitude curves during normal ventricular excitation and during stimulation of the ventricular site yielding the largest magnitude curve area. A theoretical estimate of the cancellation to be expected during ventricular stimulation was also carried out. The theoretical estimate of cancellation of electrocardiographic effects during normal ventricular activation was 71 per cent, while the experimental estimates varied from 51 per cent to 80 per cent, with an average of 66 per cent.
Information retrieval techniques for templated queries

Queries in template form are gaining in popularity as a means of conveying specific information needs to search engines. We explore the utility of Information Retrieval (IR) techniques in the context of templated queries. Our investigations show that IR techniques known to be well-suited for ad hoc retrieval don't seamlessly extend to the case of templated queries. We show that what works is a combination of IR techniques and intuition-driven modifications to the templated queries, resulting in statistically significant improvements over the baseline.
Miscellaneous Additional Laboratory Protocols and~Policies

Every nuclear cardiology imaging facility should have written protocols for all procedures. In addition, written protocols and policies should be in place for all other medical and nonmedical procedures and anticipated incidents.
Preliminary Evaluation of ALPA

Summary An initial estimate of the utility of the Alaskan Long-Period Array, based on 1970-71 data, has been made. Areas of investigation which relate to signal enhancement include several potential means of array processing, selection of appropriate bandpass filters, and the efficacy of various approaches to the matched-filtering of surface waves. Both direct and indirect estimates of the detectability of long-period surface waves have been made. Data reflecting the performance of M,, AR, and AL discrimination parameters are included. The results presented here were obtained with the nine sites in the southern half of the array which were available during the time period covered.
New adsorbents for purification: Selective removal of aromatics

Adsorption of benzene and cyclohexane on various Y-zeolites was investigated to develop sorbents for the purification of aliphatics by removal of aromatics. Ag-Y showed superior benzene/cyclohexane selectivities to Na-Y, Pd-Y, and H-USY. Separation factors greater than 105 were obtained with Ag-Y at low concentrations of benzene. High selectivities were achieved by the strong interaction between benzene and Ag-Y, while the interaction with cyclohexane was not influenced by the cations. Molecular orbital calculation revealed that benzene formed a classic π-complexation bond with Ag-Y: donation of electron charges from the p-orbitals of benzene to the vacant s-orbital of the silver (σ donation) and, simultaneously, back donation of electron charges from d-orbitals of silver to π*-orbital of benzene (d–π* back donation). Grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations were also performed for adsorption isotherms. Potential parameters of benzene on Ag-Y, including π-complexation, were developed first. Simulation and experiments of GCMC agreed excellently for adsorption of benzene on Y-zeolites.
New Mexico: Information technology initiatives

Information technology in New Mexico has not yet become an integral part of education, government, or library functions. In recent years, however, diverse local and regional efforts have started to come together, and significant planning and implementation activities are being undertaken, funded by the state as well as local and regional entities. With all connectivity initiatives, there is a focus on partnerships and a concern about shared infrastructure. Libraries have taken the path of host‐to‐host connectivity instead of developing a centralized system with a statewide catalog supported by mainframe. Statewide library networking has been and continues to be largely based on local initiatives.
Does low temperature constrain the growth rates of heterotrophic protists? Evidence and implications for algal blooms in cold waters

Literature review and synthesis of growth rates of aquatic protists focused on the role of temperature in the formation of massive annual algal blooms in high-latitude ecosystems. Maximal growth rates of herbivorous protists equaled or exceeded maximal growth rates of phototrophic protists at temperatures above 15°C. Maximal growth rates of herbivorous protists declined more rapidly with decreasing temperature than did those of phototrophic protists, and at the very low temperatures common to high-latitude ecosystems, the maximal growth rates of herbivorous protists were less than half the maximal growth rates of phototrophic protists. Growth rates of herbivorous protists were consistently lower than those of bacterivorous protists and were unrelated to differences in cell volume between the two groups. Linear equations describing the relationship of the natural log of maximal growth rates of bacterivorous and herbivorous protists to temperature were generated and compared to published information for maximal growth rates of phototrophic protists and copepods. The three heterotrophic groups had similar slopes (0.12 for bacterivorous protists, 0.10 for herbivorous protists, and 0.13 for copepods) that were approximately double that of phototrophic protists (0.06). The massive annual algal blooms observed in high latitudes are due in part to a fundamental difference in the relationship between growth and temperature for phototrophic protists and their grazers.
Innovative IaaS Management System for Sensor Devices and IT Resources

Current sensor networks have various types of sensor devices with different network protocols. Most users directly connect to the sensor devices with limited IT capabilities. This ad hoc method of using sensor networks has many limitations. First, multiple users cannot share a sensor device at the same time. Second, users cannot deploy applications for various sensor devices easily and quickly. To solve these problems, we propose the innovative IaaS management system for sensor devices in which the sensor devices are managed as one of the IT resources in the same way as CPUs, storage, and networks in the cloud computing. We call this cloud environment &#x201c;Sensor Cloud (SC).&#x201d; SC allows multiple users to share the sensor devices instead of the sensor data. SC adapts three cloud features for sensor devices, &#x201c;virtualization,&#x201d; &#x201c;automation,&#x201d; and &#x201c;standardization.&#x201d; We implemented SC and deployed it on actual server environments hosting the existing cloud software. The evaluation results of SC show that the transmission delay for sensor data between the sensor devices and the users in SC was decreased by up to 81&#x25; compared to a typical cloud computing implementation.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Tissues of Nicotiana tabacum cv. “Little Turkish”

Twelve-week-old Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. “Little Turkish” tobacco plants were infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and ultrastructural effects in leaf and root tissue were examined with respect to TMV effects on cellular organelles. TMV infected mesophyll tissue contain swollen chloroplasts with bulging out, electron dense opaque bodies and distorted lamellae. Mitochondria are enlarged with swollen cristae. The plasma membranes are quite electron dense and show discontinuities. TMV particles invade the cytoplasm of most TMV infected cells with evidence of heightened ribosomal activity. “Doughnut”-shaped nucleoli are present in infected cell nuclei with the chromatin becoming more granular in appearance. Fine structural examples of TMV infected leaf and root cells are discussed.
Do We Need Another Predictive Scoring Tool for Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Virtually every paper devoted to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of chronic total occlusions (CTOs) begins with a reference to these being the most challenging lesion subsets in the coronary vasculature. Although this remains true in 2015, it is also true that technical advances have
Field and laboratory methods to monitor lake aerosols for cyanobacteria and microcystins

This study tested field and laboratory methods for the collection of cyanobacteria and microcystins emitted from lake water. These methods feature a highly portable, on-lake system for collecting aerosols directly from the lake, as well as a laboratory system for measurement of aerosols from freshly collected water samples under controlled conditions. Membrane air filters (0.45 μm) collected small particles such as picoplankton (0.2–2.0 μm) from aerosolized lake water. Picocyanobacteria were distinguished from other photosynthetic cells with epifluorescence microscopy using excitation filters for chlorophyll a (435 nm) and for phycobilin pigments (572 nm), characteristic of cyanobacteria. Aerosolization of picocyanobacteria ranged from 8872 to 167,297 cells m −3 in the field and 23,764 to 365,011 cells m −3 in the laboratory. Microcystin levels from field air filters ranged (below detectable limits) <13–384 pg MC m −3 of air. The described methods could be used for monitoring aerosolized cyanobacteria for public health purposes.
Digoxin: In the Cross Hairs Again.

The digitalis glycosides (digoxin) have been ensconced by history, efficacy, therapeutic necessity, and lack of definitive evidence as treatments for both heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). There is a reluctance to abandon digoxin because of its perceived ability to additively improve
Dow Chemical U.S.A.: Capacity Expansion

Dow Chemical U.S.A. is faced with the decision of where to locate a new chemical reactor. Three current plants sites are being considered. Economic planner John Lewis has been charged with analyzing the impact of the reactor location on distribution costs. Though not suggested in the case, it is possible to construct a linear programming model to assist him in his analysis.
The (Re)presentation of Fat Female Protagonists and Food Addiction in Young Adult Literature

The goal of this study was to determine how fat female protagonists are (re)presented in young adult literature. A purposeful sample of eight young adult novels was selected based on inclusion of a fat female protagonist, a targeted readership of grades 6-8, and recognized literary quality. Working with a co-analyst, I employed a critical analysis approach to determine how these fat female protagonists are embodied. Three a priori thematic categories guided the initial analysis: 1) the language the protagonist and others use in reference to her body, 2) how those in her immediate community respond to her, and 3) if/how the sociocultural structures that “other” fat women are accepted, interrogated, or challenged. Final analysis entailed creating thematic charts as visual aids to interpret the latent content across novels. This revealed that the dramatic arc creates a trajectory of obsession with and/or addiction to food characterized by self-loathing, binge eating, hoarding food, eating in secret, interventions, a turning point, and a transformation. This construction of addiction perpetuates the stigmatization of fat females and the myth of the ideal body, so I offer critical questions to encourage adolescent readers to critique this (re)presentations of fat female protagonists.
Channel bar feature extraction for a mining-contaminated river using high-spatial multispectral remote-sensing imagery

Mapping and monitoring changes of geomorphological features over time are important for understanding fluvial process and effects of its controlling factors. Using high spatial resolution multispectral images has become common practice in the mapping as these images become widely available. Traditional pixel-based classification relies on statistical characteristics of single pixels and performs poorly in detailed mapping using high resolution multispectral images. In this work, we developed a hybrid method that detects and maps channel bars, one of the most important geomorphological features, from high resolution multispectral aerial imagery. This study focuses on the Big River which drains the Ozarks Plateaus region in southeast Missouri and the Old Lead Belt Mining District which was one of the largest producers of lead worldwide in the early and middle 1900s. Mapping and monitoring channel bars in the Big River is essential for evaluating the fate of contaminated mining sediment released to the Big R...
The Common Damage and Repair of the Ancient Painting and Calligraphy

Chinese ancient painting repair process is as a kind of traditional craft circulates as a result,has formed the one whole set of skills to repair processes,such as washing,jie,fill and means are congruent with the historical process of developing and perfecting constantly improve itself,the characteristics of the ancient paintings repair determines its main still is one of the traditional restoration techniques,the author focuses on the analysis of the traditional ancient paintings damage repair,as the development of Chinese ancient painting and calligraphy traditional repair to offer help.
Finite Element Analysis for Capacity of Anti-cleanup Casing in Water Injecting Well

In the oilfield of injecting of water to develop,the surplus thickness of perforation casing and the asymmetry confining pressure of the stratum directly affected the well cleanup pressure.The functional relation between the surplus thickness and using time were given adopting the probability statistics method.Under the consideration of the material nonlinear with transient effect,the carrying capacity of the various thickness casing and various loads were ensured,using the finite element.The result can offer the theory basis to technology of anti-cleanup well.
Research on alternative evaluation of enterprise's technological strategy

The alternative evaluation of enterprise's technological strategy is a multi-plans chosen which selects the best strategy from several feasible alternatives.The alternative evaluation model of enterprise's technology is established based on the Euclid method for strategy alternative evaluation presented by Madjid Tavana.The abilities for taking use of technical resource in and out enterprise,making profits and avoiding risks of alternatives of enterprise's technology strategy can be evaluated from three criteria——technology,market and operating strategy.It provides guidance for the enterprises' technology strategy selection.
Stroke from alcohol and drug abuse. A current social peril.

PreviewAlcohol and drug abuse should be among the possible causes considered in cases of stroke, especially in young adults. As both are potentially remediable factors, primary care physicians may play an important role in the reduction of stroke by implementing educational and preventive measures among their young patients.
Concepts in neck reconstruction

This article reviews the principles and techniques of reconstructing soft-tissue defects of the neck. The various surgical techniques, including local rotational flaps, tissue expansion, and free tissue transfer, are reviewed, and considerations in the selection of surgical techniques are discussed.
The Minkowski Four-Dimensional Spacetime and Relativistic Kinematics

Concepts from the Minkowski four-dimensional geometry and relativistic kinematics are introduced in this chapter.
Allergic Eye Disorders

The eye is a common target of inflammatory disorders that can either be triggered from external agents or from systemic immunologic hypersensitivity reactions. Due to the prominent vascularity of the eye embedded in a transparent medium, inflammatory reactions are immediately noticed by the patient. The eye and its surrounding tissues are also involved in a variety of other immunologically mediated disorders. When such reactions occur, they are not infrequently seen first by the primary care physician, who then is in the position to correlate ocular and systemic findings and to coordinate therapy so as to treat underlying disease (if present) rather than only local eye symptoms.
Advancing Theory by Assessing Boundary Conditions With Metaregression: A Critical Review and Best-Practice Recommendations:

Understanding boundary conditions, or situations when relations between variables change depending on values of other variables, is critical for theory advancement and for providing guidance for practice. Metaregression is ideally suited to investigate boundary conditions because it provides information on the presence and strength of such conditions. In spite of its potential, results of our review of 63 metaregression articles published in the Journal of Management, Journal of Applied Psychology, Personnel Psychology, Journal of Management, Academy of Management Journal, and Strategic Management Journal uncovered a surprising lack of transparency, frequently implemented erroneous practices, and a lack of attention to important methodological choices. Results also suggest that many substantive conclusions are ambiguous at best and, unbeknownst to authors and readers, potentially misleading. Drawing from our review of the substantive literature as well as the latest statistical and methodological research...
Mindfulness Applications in Education

Attention is indispensable to school performance and daily life. However, almost 50% of the time we are awake, our mind is wandering. We are not 100% focused on what we are doing in each moment. This chapter focuses on translational work of mindfulness meditation in cognitive and learning ability, as well as in education outcomes. I will take several core cognitive capacities, including attention, conflict resolution, creativity, school test scores, and learning ability, as examples to demonstrate how mindfulness affects each of these domains and its applications in education.
Spatial dynamics of tour bus transport within urban destinations

Abstract Spatial dynamics of tour bus operations have long presented challenges for urban destinations, with visitor feedback rather than systematic onsite bus documentation typically used to identify problems. Applying normative evaluation and innovative capacity, tour bus operations were assessed in the National Mall and Memorial Parks in Washington, District of Columbia (USA) to determine how best to respond to ongoing challenges associated with traffic congestion, safety and air quality. A total of 1457 buses were documented over eight days of data collection, representing an estimated 37,265 passengers. Findings suggest in order for communities to successfully affect innovative change, they must include endogenous (solutions generated from within the agency) and exogenous (solutions generated from outside the agency) management strategies. The methodology employed and range of solutions discussed are generalizable to any urban tourism destination reliant on tour bus transport.
Structure of a von Neumann Algebra of Type III

We are now going to apply the results of Chapters X and XI to the structure analysis of a von Neumann algebra M of type III. It turns out that the crossed product N = M ⋊σ φ R relative to the modular automorphism group of a faithful semi-finite normal weight φ is a von Neumann algebra of type II∞ equipped with a faithful semi-finite normal trace τ such that τ o θ s , = e− s τ, s ∈ R, where θ is the action of R on N dual to σ φ , and that,M ≅ N ⋊ θ R, Theorem 1.1. Furthermore, this decomposition of M is unique in the strongest sense. This chapter is devoted to the analysis of consequences of Theorem 1.1. In §1 we discuss general facts on this decomposition. Besides Theorem 1.1, the stability of a trace scaling one parameter automorphism group of a von Neumann algebra N of II∞, Lemma 1 2, together with the relative commutant theorem, Theorem 1.7, will have strong implications on the structure of the automorphism group Aut(M) of a factor M of type III. The uniqueness of {N, R, θ) gives an immediate algebraic invariant to M, i.e. the flow {C N , R, θ} on the center C N of N is an invariant of M. If it is periodic with period T > 0, then the factor M is said to be of type IIIλ with λ = e−2π/T . In this case, M admits a discrete decomposition: M ≅ N 0 ⋊θ 0 Z as {N, R, θ} is induced from a covariant system {N 0, Z, θ 0}, and N 0 is a factor. Section 2 is devoted to the study of such factors. If N is a factor, then M is called of type III1. In this case, we don’t have a discrete decomposition of M in general. If the ergodic flow {C N , R, θ) is properly ergodic, then the factor M is called of type III0. We will handle such factors in §3. Thanks to the Ambrose-Kakutani-Kubo-Krengel Theorem, Theorem 3.2, concerning the representation of an ergodic flow, we still have a discrete decomposition of a factor of type III0, Theorem 3.7.
The relationship between surrounding greenness in childhood and adolescence and depressive symptoms in adolescence and early adulthood.

Abstract Purpose Exposure to nature, particularly vegetation (greenness), may be beneficial for mental health. We investigated whether higher surrounding greenness in early life was associated with subsequent reduced risk of depressive symptoms and whether this association was modified by age, sex, or population density. Methods Participants from the Growing Up Today Study were included if they reported on depressive symptoms between 1999 and 2013. Greenness exposure was characterized as the cumulative average normalized difference vegetation index value (1000 m resolution) from 1989 until 2 years before outcome assessment or age 18 based on geocoded addresses. We defined high depressive symptoms as the top 10% of scores on the McKnight Risk Factor Survey or the Center for Epidemiologic Studies of Depression scale, depending on the questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for socioeconomic status and other confounders. Results There was a 6% lower incidence of high depressive symptoms associated with an interquartile range increase in greenness (95% confidence interval, 11%–0%). This relationship was stronger in higher population density areas (>1000 people/mi2, 8% lower incidence, 95% confidence interval 15%–1%). Conclusions Living in an area with greater surrounding greenness during childhood may be beneficial for mental health, particularly in more urban areas.
Knowledge Networks for Treating Complex Diseases in Remote, Rural, and Underserved Communities

Project ECHO (Extension for Community Healthcare Outcomes) is an innovative healthcare program developed to address the treatment of patients with chronic and complex diseases in rural and underserved areas of New Mexico. Through the use of technology and iterative, case-based discussion with ongoing support, the model used in Project ECHO bridges the gap between academic healthcare specialists and providers in rural and underserved settings. Its prime foci are the provision of workplace learning, evidence-based practices, and the delivery of best quality care to patients with chronic diseases. Collaboration between academic specialists and community-based providers enables patients to receive state-of-the-art healthcare from the professionals they know and trust in their own communities. For local providers, co-management of the often lengthy and involved treatments gives them additional expertise in competencies associated with chronic disease and involves them in continuing communication and patient management. As they learn more about specific chronic diseases, the community-based providers become engaged with expanded networks of providers and organizations, become more satisfied in their work, and experience less professional isolation. With continued involvement, community-based providers become highly skilled in the treatment of these chronic and complex diseases, thus creating centers of excellence in their own communities. This chapter describes the activities and outcomes associated with the collaborative, iterative, and workplace-focused care of patients with Hepatitis C, the first chronic disease to be addressed, and how new modes of collaboration were forged between specialists in academic settings and community-based primary care providers in rural and underserved communities. Work on other chronic diseases is now being organized using a similar approach to developing expanded expertise in rural and underserved areas of the state.
Rural Health Disparities: The Planning Perspective

This chapter describes theories in planning and practice that are applicable to rural development and identifies plans targeted to improve quality of life, create sustainable change and establish improvements in health and well-being in rural communities. Concepts in justice, pluralism, democracy and inclusion are discussed to support the need for equity in rural planning. This chapter lends insight to the Rural Planner on potential ideologies and participatory strategies to consider to create a more progressive and healthy livable space that will result in the provision of benefits, poverty alleviation and the amelioration of health disparities.
Helicobacter pylori Genetic Polymorphisms in Gastric Disease Development.

Infecting half of the world’s population, Helicobacter pylori is a medically important bacterium that induces a variety of gastric diseases, including gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and gastric cancer. Sequencing of almost 1000 H. pylori isolates has revealed a diverse genome that contains abundant polymorphic genetic elements; many of these lie in factors likely to be associated with virulence. To ascertain the effect of these varying genetic elements, numerous epidemiological studies have investigated the contribution of the various polymorphisms to gastric disease development; particular focus has been placed on polymorphisms in the outer membrane proteins (OMPs), an effector protein, and a toxin produced by H. pylori. These studies have revealed geographic variation in the prevalence of various polymorphisms as well as in the associations between particular polymorphisms and gastric disease development. Furthermore, researchers have identified polymorphisms in multiple genes that frequently occur in combination. Though no single polymorphic genetic factor alone can fully account for gastric disease development in a population, the evaluation of multiple polymorphisms in a colonizing H. pylori strain can aid in the assessment of the pathogenic potential of the strain. Here we review specific H. pylori genetic polymorphisms (Bab proteins, Hom proteins, HopQ, SabA, SabB, OipA, IceA, VacA and CagA) that have been linked to disease outcome and discuss how geographic location and virulence factor polymorphisms together contribute to H. pylori-induced disease.