cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of bupropion HCl (Wellbatrin), a novel antidepressant, on plasma levels of prolactin and growth hormone in man and rat.

Abstract Bupropion HCl (Wellbatrin®), a non-tricyclic compound with antidepressant effects in man, was evaluated for effects on plasma prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) levels in normal human subjects, and for effects on plasma PRL levels in a series of pharmacological studies in normal rats. Single oral doses of 50, 100 or 200 mg of bupropion given to male (n=6) and female (n=12) subjects produced a marked suppression (80% decrease) of PRL. Incomplete PRL recovery was observed at the end of 24 hours. One hour after drug administration there was a +0.56 correlation of percent decrease in PRL levels with bupropion plasma levels. GH showed only small and erratic changes in plasma levels at 1–4 hours post-dose. In the rat, single bupropion doses of 25 mg/kg, i.p., failed to lower basal PRL levels. Bupropion, however, significantly decreased PRL in rats in which plasma PRL was elevated by pretreatment with alphamethyltyrosine, 5-hydroxytryptophan or quipazine. Bupropion, on the other hand, did not counteract the PRL-elevating effect of haloperidol. Results in man and rat are consistent with the view that bupropion has significant dopamine mimetic properties. Whether bupropion is a direct dopamine receptor-stimulator or an indirectly acting agonist cannot be determined from the present results.
Design-Aware Defect-Avoidance Floorplanning of EUV Masks

Fabricating defect-free mask blanks remains a major obstacle for the adoption of EUV lithography. We propose a simulated annealing based gridded floorplanner for single-project multiple-die reticles that minimize the design impact of buried defects. Our results show a substantial improvement in mask yield with this approach. For a 60-defect mask, our approach can improve the mask yield from 0% to 26%. If additional design information is available, it can be exploited for more accurate yield computation and further improvement in mask yield to 99.6%. These improvements are achieved with a limited area overhead of less than 0.2% on the exposure field. Our simulation results also indicate that around 10%-30% mask yield improvement is possible as a result of floorplanning compared to shifting the entire mask pattern. Our floorplanner can tolerate a defect position error (due to mask blank inspection tools) of 0.25 μm with just a 2% reduction in yield. The impact of defect dimensions and multilayer EUV patterning on the viability of floorplanning is also analyzed in this paper.
Divergence of Rho residue 43 impacts GEF activity.

RhoA, RhoB and RhoC GTPases are over 85% identical at the amino acid level, with RhoA and RhoC differing at only one residue (43) across the initial two-thirds of their sequences. A putative regulatory distinction between the molecules is their capacity to be uniquely activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). We hypothesize that variation of amino acid residue 43 between RhoA/B (valine) and RhoC (isoleucine) impacts GEF activity. Direct participation of residue 43 in GEF-catalyzed exchange was confirmed by the observation that mutation of this position to a threonine reduced GEF-catalyzed nucleotide exchange activity in vitro (Vav2, XPLN, GEFT, Dbl and Dbs) and greatly depressed RhoA and RhoC GTP-loading profiles in cell lysates. Using a residue swap approach, substitution of RhoA Val 43 with an Ile was found to significantly promote basal nucleotide exchange activity and enhance GTP-loading in cells. Substitution of Val 43 with an Ile in RhoB negatively affected nucleotide exchange in vitr...
A feature analysis of performance evaluation texts

Computer performance analysis, whether it be for design, selection or improvement, has a large body of literature to draw upon. It is surprising, however, that few texts exist on the subject. The purpose of this paper is to provide a feature analysis of the four major texts suitable for professional and academic purposes.
Integrated avionics for future general aviation aircraft

The program described was initiated in 1975 to provide the critical information for the design of an advanced avionics system suitable for general aviation. Emphasis is on the use of data busing, distributed microsensors, shared electronic displays and pilot entry devices, innovative low-cost sensors, and improved functional characteristics. Design considerations include cost, reliability, maintainability, and modularity.
On the relationship between glucagon and secretin

Die Polypeptidhormone Glukagon und Sekretin wurden auf der Basis des genetischen Codes verglichen. Es wurde daraus geschlossen, dass die beiden Substanzen ursprunglich von einem gemeinsamen Gen erzeugt wurden.
Chronic GVHD manifesting as parotitis after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is artificially divided into acute and chronic forms depending on its date of onset. Although there may be a continuum of clinical findings, chronic GVHD can affect numerous organs that are not typically affected by acute GVHD. Chronic GVHD involving the salivary glands and/or lacrymal glands which clinically manifests as xerophthalmia and/or xerostomia similar to Sjogren’s syndrome occurs commonly after hematopoietic cells transplantation, particularly with transplants utilizing mobilized peripheral blood stem cells. However, de novo chronic GVHD manifesting as parotitis and submandibular lymphadenopathy is underrepresented in the literature. Here we describe a patient with severe aplastic anemia who received an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant that developed recurrent parotitis and submandibular lymphadenopathy more than 8 months following the procedure which may have been a manifestation of chronic GVHD.
Topological defects in large fullerenes

Abstract A topological defect consisting of a five- and a seven-membered ring pair in a honeycomb lattice is proposed. The defect pair can move smoothly in a honeycomb lattice during a bond change reaction without annihilation into two six-membered rings, until the defect pair collides with another pentagon defect. The relationship between the stability and the alignment of pentagons in a general fullerene, and a mechanism for the crystal growth of chiral graphene tubules are discussed using the idea of this topological defect.
Biotic response of Tethyan bathyal ostracodes through the Eocene–Oligocene Transition: The composite faunal record from the Massicore and Massignano Global Stratotype Section and Point (east central Italy)

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene Transition (EOT) is marked by a double-stepped positive δ 18 O excursion of ~ 1.3‰ and a deepening of the calcium compensation depth (CCD) interpreted to represent marked Antarctic glaciation and global ocean–atmosphere cooling (i.e., Oi-1 event). A ~ 0.5-m (~ 55–70 kyr) resolution ostracode faunal study of the Massicore, drilled up-section from the Italian Massignano Quarry containing the Eocene–Oligocene Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP), revealed a relative increase in Krithe and decreases in faunal evenness and Shannon Index correlative to the Oi-1 event. These transient faunal changes may reflect local water column changes (e.g., export production) or intensified thermohaline flow of cooler deep waters through the paleotethyan seaway. Comparison of these Massicore ostracode faunal data to previously-published Massignano Quarry ostracode faunal data reveals similar relative abundances among common taxa where the study intervals overlap, and thereby provide a more complete Tethyan ostracode record spanning all of C13n and the broader EOT at the GSSP locality.
Distance optimal target assignment in robotic networks under communication and sensing constraints

We study the problem of minimizing the total distance incurred in assigning a group of mobile robots to an equal number of static targets. Assuming that the robots have limited, range-based communication and target-sensing capabilities, we present a necessary and sufficient condition for ensuring distance optimality when robots and targets are uniformly randomly distributed. We then provide an explicit, non-asymptotic formula for computing the number of robots needed for guaranteeing optimality in terms of the robots' sensing and communication capabilities with arbitrarily high probabilities. The bound given in the formula is also asymptotically tight. Due to the large number of robots needed for high-probability optimality guarantee, we continue to investigate strategies for cases in which the number of robots cannot be freely chosen. We show that a properly designed strategy can be asymptotically optimal or suboptimal with constant approximation ratios.
Acute and chronic hypoxia in rats. 1. Effect on organismic respiration, mitochondrial protein mass in liver and succinic dehydrogenase activity in liver, kidney and heart

The objective of this investigation was to characterize organismic, organ and mitochondrial alterations in rats over the course of 27 days at 0.4 atm. In the adjustment phase (day 1 through 5) a significant decrease in systemic oxygen uptake and body weight (23% of pre-altitude values) occurred. In the acclimating state (day 7 to 27) body weight was regained but oxygen consumption remained depressed. Hematocrit increased hyperbolically from 45% in 0-day rats to 79% in 27-day rats. Liver, kidney and heart weights and total organ protein paralleled the changes observed in body weight. Total organ succinic dehydrogenase activity showed a wave-like oscillation for liver and kidney; activity was decreased in both organs by day 5, showed a transient but significant increase on days 16 through 18 and a return to diminished activity on day 27. Succinic dehydrogenase activity for heart became depressed in the adjustment phase but showed a stable level comparable to pre-altitude values in the accliminating phase, days 7 through 27. Liver mitochondrial protein mass was unchanged from pre-altitude values on days 5 and 27 even though succinic dehydrogenase activity was significantly depressed. Therefore, the changes in succinic dehydrogenase activity are not representative of altered mitochondrial mass but suggest that mitochondrial function was altered.
The Interactional Dimensions of Language Therapy

This article distinguishes between adult- and child-centered intervention practices according to five interrelated dimensions of therapy context: the event, the agenda, the interactional lead, eval...
Terrestrial cosmic rays

This paper reviews the basic physics of those cosmic rays which can affect terrestrial electronics. Cosmic rays at sea level consist mostly of neutrons, protons, pions, muons, electrons, and photons. The particles which cause significant soft fails in electronics are those particles with the strong interaction: neutrons, protons, and pions. At sea level, about 95% of these particles are neutrons. The quantitative flux of neutrons can be estimated to within 3{times}, and the relative variation in neutron flux with latitude, altitude, diurnal time, earth`s sidereal position, and solar cycle is known with even higher accuracy. The possibility of two particles of a cascade interacting with a single circuit to cause two simultaneous errors is discussed. The terrestrial flux of nucleons can be attenuated by shielding, making a significant reduction in the electronic system soft-error rate. Estimates of such attenuation are made.
Mixed models incorporating intra‐familial correlation through spatial autoregression

Family researchers are challenged by the need to account for the special forms of statistical dependence that can exist in family data. To address this issue, mixed modeling methods were adapted to account for dependence of continuous outcomes measured across multiple family members. This was accomplished using a spatial autoregressive approach that accounts for dependence on direction as well as on distance apart. For family data, the dimensions underlying direction can correspond to different family members, thereby accounting for different correlations between family members. When the data are also longitudinal, a dimension representing distance apart in time also can be included to account for temporal correlation. Fixed effects involving general linear models can be included as well. Example analyses were conducted to demonstrate the use of the spatial autoregressive approach for modeling intra-familial correlation.
1.2.4 Let's Just Think About That For A Minute …

This paper contends that there is a strong relationship between disciplined thought by the individual and the system engineering process. The paper explores this relationship by discussing ideas on how people think and illustrating by analogy the closeness of this activity to that of system engineering. The significance of this is that if individuals perform disciplined reflective thinking in a systematic manner then as a collective whole they are more naturally inclined to follow the general principles of good system engineering practice.
Experimental study of force responses in polycrystalline diamond face turning of rock

Abstract Polycrystalline Diamond Compact (PDC) cutters, as the most commonly used inserts for rock cutting/drilling processes, are drawing increased attention in manufacturing and petroleum engineering, driven by the necessity to elevate cutter and process performance. The knowledge of the force responses when using PDC cutters under various cutting conditions is an essential prerequisite for achieving this goal. In this paper, an experimental study of the force responses in face turning of rock is analyzed. A rock turning testbed that uses single PDC cutters is developed on a CNC turning center for measuring both thermal and mechanical responses at the rock–cutter interface in real-time. A 7×3×3 full factorial design (rake angle×depth of cut×feedrate) was used for the experimental assessment of the process. A phenomenological force model based on the experimental data and the physics at rock–cutter interface was formulated. In model the actual oblique cutting process in the experiments was approximated by an orthogonal cutting configuration by analyzing force responses in a plane normal to the cutting edge of the PDC cutter.
Big Gods and the greater good

Ara Norenzayan's proposal that “prosocial religions, with their Big Gods who watch, intervene, and demand hard-to-fake loyalty displays, facilitated the rise of cooperation in large groups of anony...
Atmospheric CO2 residence time and the carbon cycle

Abstract An atmospheric CO2 residence time is determined from a carbon cycle which assumes that anthropogenic emissions only marginally disturb the preindustrial equilibrium dynamics of source/atmosphere/sink fluxes. This study explores the plausibility of this concept, which results in much shorter atmospheric residence times, 4–5 years, than the magnitude larger outcomes of the usual global carbon cycle models which are adjusted to fit the assumption that anthropogenic emissions are primarily the cause of the observed rise in atmospheric CO2. The continuum concept is consistent with the record of the seasonal photosynthesis swing of atmospheric CO2 which supports a residence time of about 5 years, as also does the bomb C14 decay history. The short residence time suggests that anthropogenic emissions contribute only a fraction of the observed atmospheric rise, and that other sources need be sought.
Priority of processing components of visual stimuli by 6-month-old infants

Abstract The present experiment was designed to investigate the priority with which 6-month-olds attend to stimuli containing both contextual and target information. The procedure involved a familiarization phase to a stimulus that contained a central target cue and a surrounding context followed by paired comparison novelty tests. Results indicate that when infants monitor the environment, background context cues receive attentional priority over target cues.
The Role of the Hypothalamus and Dorsal Vagal Complex in Gastrointestinal Function and Pathophysiology

A foregone conclusion is that central neural and endocrine control of gastrointestinal functions is based on a complex array of interconnecting brain structures, neurochemical systems, and hormonal modulators. As might be expected, a considerable degree of redundancy is seen not only in the manner in which certain brain structures appear to participate in the regulation of GI functions, but also in the extent to which certain neurotransmitters or brain-gut peptides, when injected centrally, alter these functions. Despite the seemingly ambiguous nature of brain-gut interactions, a picture is beginning to unfold that suggests that GI properties are based on certain reflexes (e.g., vago-vagal). These reflexes, in turn, appear to be influenced by brain structures in a hierarchical manner, not all that dissimilar to the system described by Papez and expanded on by MacLean several years ago. For example, the perceptual or cognitive aspects of both external and internal stimuli are monitored at various brain levels, but obviously higher cortical processes are intimately involved. Aversive events provide sensory information, which is integrated primarily by the limbic system (e.g., amygdala) and translated into the expression of emotional behavior and associated autonomic response patterns. Various hypothalamic structures, in turn, appear most strongly to influence physiological changes associated with aversive events by virtue of the direct connections to the autonomic and endocrine systems. Ultimately, the visceral outcome can be seen as being based on the integrated convergence of information from cortical, limbic, and hypothalamic structures onto medullary nerve nuclei as well as other efferent systems. With respect to animal models of neurogenic or stress ulcer, activity of the dorsal vagal complex and vagal efferents appears to be the final common pathway for pathologic changes in the gut.
Acute bowel perforation in a fetus with gastroschisis

Gastroschisis is a congenital anomaly with a reported incidence of 1 in 10 000 live births. Although prenatal diagnosis is more common with the widespread use of biochemical markers and obstetric ultrasound, the role of ultrasound in the identification of the fetus that might need early intervention has not been established. Acute bowel perforation was diagnosed by ultrasound at 34 weeks gestation in a fetus with gastroschisis. An immediate Cesarean section was performed, followed by repair with primary closure. The neonatal outcome was favorable. The post-partum findings, including bowel pathology, confirmed the antenatal diagnosis. Acute bowel perforation can be diagnosed antenatally. Immediate intervention, before further bowel injury occurs, might enhance the ability of the surgeon to perform primary closure and obtain a favorable outcome. Copyright © 2000 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Prevalence of detectable carotid artery calcifications on panoramic radiographs of recent stroke victims

Cerebrovascular accidents are responsible for killing or disabling half a million Americans every year and are the third leading cause of death in this country. Finding cost-effective means of decreasing stroke mortality and morbidity is of great humanitarian and economic importance. Panoramic dental radiography was done on 19 white men who had a recent cerebrovascular accident and who were hospitalized at a Department of Veteran Affairs medical center. Inclusion criteria included clinical suspicion or imaging study evidence that the stroke arose from atheroembolic disease of the carotid artery bifurcation. Women were omitted from the study because of their paucity in the patient pool, and African-Americans and Asian-Americans were omitted because strokes in those groups usually develop as a result of disease of intracranial vessels. Carotid arterial calcifications appearing as a radiopaque nodular mass adjacent to the cervical vertebrae at or below intervertebral space C3-4 were noted in seven persons (37%). These patients had an average age of 65 years and demonstrated multiple risk factors (prior transient ischemic attacks, prior stroke, hypertension, obesity, tobacco and alcohol abuse, hyperlipidemia) associated with occurrence of a stroke. We concluded that some white men at risk for a cerebrovascular accident may be identified in the dentist's office by appropriate review of the panoramic dental radiograph and medical history. The presence of carotid artery calcifications demands an expeditious referral to an appropriate practitioner who can assist in the control of risk factors and arrange prophylactic surgical removal of the carotid arterial plaque, which are both safe and reliable methods of reducing the incidence of stroke.
Hidden rheumatoid factor and Wa idiotype expression in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

The major rheumatoid factor cross-reactive ideotype, which was defined by prototypic monoclonal igM rheumatoid factors from Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia patient Wa, is present on 60% of all monoclonal IgM RF paraproteins. One-third of patients with Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), who are seronegative for classic IgM rheumatoid factor (RF). express the Wa idiotype in high titre in their sera. To determine if the Wa idiotype is present on hidden rheumatoid factors in JRA patient sera, we studied hidden RF expression by both ELISA and haemolytic assay techniques. The majority of JRA sera with increased concentrations of the Wa idiotype did not have increased RF activity nor hidden RF activity. In some JRA patients, the Wa Idiotype may he expressed on a parallel set of immunoglobulin molecules, related to RFs. hut lacking the ability to bind to IgG.
On the crystal structure of hexathia-18-crown-6

Abstract Hexathia-18-crown-6 (18-S-6) exhibits a cyclic structure with all the heteroatoms being directed out of the macrocyclic ring (exodentate conformation). In a previous report on a different crystalline modification of this compound, the crown contains two C-S linkages which are anti, rather than all such linkages being gauche. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 5.833(1), b = 11.148(1), c = 13.191(1) A, β = 93.29(1)°, and Dc = 1.404 g cm−3 for Z = 2. Refinement based on 983 observed reflections led to R = 0.058.
Bone marrow necrosis in sickle cell disease: a description of three cases and a review of the literature.

Bone marrow necrosis (BMN) ranges from a localized to a widespread generalized process. Most often seen in patients with leukemia and other malignant conditions, generalized BMN has also been observed in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), where it is almost certainly a consequence of blood vessel occlusion. Activation of the clotting system seems to play a role in this clinical setting. Systemic fat embolism and acute multiorgan failure syndrome can also complicate BMN in patients with SCD. We describe here 3 cases of BMN associated with SCD. Each patient exhibited an unusually severe vaso-occlusive crisis accompanied by persistent fever, a high level of serum lactate dehydrogenase, leukoerythroblastosis, and large numbers of nucleated red cells. Despite such suggestive clinical features, diagnosis of BMN still requires a bone marrow biopsy. Particularly in patients with SCD, the early institution of transfusion therapy can be life-saving. The ominous prognosis ascribed to generalized BMN seems to reflect the poor outcome of such underlying conditions as leukemia; however, the prognosis of generalized BMN is not so poor in association with SCD and other nonmalignant states.
Reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus in pregnant women: Social factors, and immune competence as determinants of lymphoproliferative diseases—A hypothesis

In normal pregnant women, reactivation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) frequently occurs. Cellular immune responses are apparently suppressed, but high titer EBV-specific antibodies of IgG class may compensate. The antibodies cross the placenta and protect the infant against primary infection for many months. Reactivation of EBV in pregnancy and oral excretion of virus by normal pregnant women could be one explanation why young children in large sibships (among families of low social classes) become infected early in life. Infants are likely infected by EBV from their pregnant mothers who shed virus in saliva. Moreover, the natural protection for several months in the perinatal period against Burkitt lymphoma and fatal EBV-induced lymphoproliferative diseases in congenitally immune deficient children is explained. The maturity and immunocompetence of the immune system at the time of primary infection by EBV and the size of the sibship seem to determine whether infectious mononucleosis occurs. Gammaglobulin derived from human cord blood may be a valuable source of viral-specific antibodies for serotherapy in immune deficient patients.
Preparing for disasters: Enhancing the role of pediatric nurses in wartime*

Abstract During the tragic terrorist attacks that occurred against the United States on September 11, 2001, nurses were on the front lines making a difference for patients, families, and children. As noted in the American Nurse , the official publication of the American Nurses Association, "September 11, 2001, is no longer just a day gone by. It now takes the place alongside other infamous dates like December 7, 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan" (Trossman, 2001, p. 1). This article will focus on resources available for pediatric nurses to use when working with children and families who are either preparing for or responding to disasters. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
A Nonlinear Energy Balance Model of Particle Acceleration by Collisionless Parallel Shock Waves

We describe in this Letter a new way to model processes of particle acceleration in quasi-parallel shocks and report some promising preliminary results of numerical analysis. The treatment of plasma and waves is self-consistent and time-dependent but nevertheless relatively simple from a physical point of view. The model assumes that resonant wave-particle interaction is the most important mechanism for both shock formation and particle acceleration but does not use the diffusion-convection approach for the interaction. Instead it uses conservation laws and resonance conditions to find where waves will be generated or dumped and hence particles pitch-angle scattered. Because the distribution function for bulk plasma and not just the high-energy tail is included in the model, no special bootstrap or termination assumptions are required (neither the introduction of a separate population of seed particles nor some ad hoc escape rate of accelerated particles is needed). In spite of all the simplicity, the preliminary results not only show remarkable agreement with diffusive shock acceleration models in the prediction of power spectra for accelerated particles in the upstream region but also reveal the presence of a spectral break in the high-energy part of the spectra. The results also confirm that acceleration can start from the thermal particles and confirm the importance of second-order Fermi acceleration.
AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma : Is there still a role for interferon alfa?

Abstract Interferon alfa (IFNα) was one of the first agents to be used therapeutically in AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) more than 25 years ago, and induces tumor regression in a subset of patients. Although much has been learned about the clinical role of IFNα in KS treatment, little is currently known about the mechanism(s) by which IFNα causes KS regression. This is despite a growing understanding of both KS pathogenesis and relevant IFNα activities. To a large extent other agents have supplanted IFNα as treatments for KS, but there may still remain a therapeutic role for IFNα, possibly in combination with other agents targeting angiogenesis and/or HHV-8-encoded human gene homologs that encode proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and signaling.
Proteasomal interaction as a critical activity modulator of the human constitutive androstane receptor

The CAR (constitutive androstane receptor; NR1I3) is a critical xenobiotic sensor that regulates xenobiotic metabolism, drug clearance, energy and lipid homoeostasis, cell proliferation and development. Although constitutively active, in hepatocytes CAR is normally held quiescent through a tethering mechanism in the cytosol, anchored to a protein complex that includes several components, including heat-shock protein 90. Release and subsequent nuclear translocation of CAR is triggered through either direct binding to ligand activators such as CITCO {6-(4-chlorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)oxime} or through indirect chemical activation, such as with PB (phenobarbital). In the present study, we demonstrate that proteasomal inhibition markedly disrupts CAR function, repressing CAR nuclear trafficking, disrupting CAR's interaction with nuclear co-activators and inhibiting induction of CAR target gene responses in human primary hepatocytes following treatment with either PB or CITCO. Paradoxically, these effects occur following accumulation of ubiquitinated hCAR (human CAR). Furthermore, a non-proteolytic function was indicated by its interaction with a SUG1 (suppressor for Gal1), a subunit of the 26S proteasome. Taken together, these data demonstrate that the proteasome complex functions at multiple levels to regulate the functional biology of hCAR activity.
Varieties of Conference Experience

The boundary between conferences and journals is blurring in computer science and information science. This perspective identifies probably causal factors as well as unintended consequences that are undermining research communities. I identify some of the experiments that have been undertaken to reduce the stress. I describe conference–journal hybrids, and also a model that might move in the other direction to restore the community maintenance function of conferences.
Relations between the masses of the superpartners of leptons and quarks, the goldstino coupling and the neutral currents

Abstract The mass2 splittings between leptons and quarks and their spin-0 partners under supersymmetry are related to the goldstino couplings. The bosonic partner of the goldstino cannot be the photon itself. But it should be, in part, a linear combination of the various neutral gauge bosons. As a result, mass relations constrain the neutral current structure of the theory. They require the existence of at least two neutral gauge bosons in addition to the photon and suggest the possibility of a universal mass2 splitting between leptons and quarks and their spin-0 partners.
Is male rhesus macaque red color ornamentation attractive to females

Male sexually-selected traits can evolve through different mechanisms: conspicuous and colorful ornaments usually evolve through inter-sexual selection, while weapons usually evolve through intra-sexual selection. Male ornaments are rare among mammals in comparison to birds, leading to the notion that female mate choice generally plays little role in trait evolution in this taxon. Supporting this view, when ornaments are present in mammals they typically indicate social status and are products of male-male competition. This general mammalian pattern, however, may not apply to rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). Males of this species display conspicuous skin coloration, but this expression is not correlated to dominance rank, and is therefore unlikely to have evolved due to male-male competition. Here, we investigate whether male color expression influences female proceptivity towards males in the Cayo Santiago free-ranging rhesus macaque population. We collected face images of 24 adult males varying in dominance rank and age at the peak of the mating season, and modeled these to rhesus macaque visual perception. We also recorded female socio-sexual behaviors towards these males. Results show that dark red males received more sexual solicitations, by more females, than pale pink ones. Together with previous results, our study suggests that male color ornaments are more likely to be a product of inter- rather than intra-sexual selection. This may especially be the case in rhesus macaques due to the particular characteristics of male-male competition in this species.
The emergence of semiotic resource complexes in the composing processes of young students in a literacy classroom context

Abstract In this article, I present examples from a case study of the multimodal composing processes of two young students (age 5) in a literacy classroom context. Drawing upon a social semiotic perspective, I identified various types of semiotic resource complexes as emerging at particular junctures in the students’ composing processes. These resource complexes emerged during the course of composing, and were constituted both graphically and socially by social semiotic processes involving combinations of resources that centered on a particular node of meaning. I illustrate these semiotic resource complexes and describe their role in the students’ multimodal composing processes. These findings offer conceptual development that can be used heuristically to contribute to the broader goal of understanding the social semiotic character of multimodal composing processes of students in classroom contexts.
Review, critique, and synthesis of personality theory in motivation to sexually assault

Abstract A widely-cited meta-analysis of recidivism amongst adult male perpetrators or sexual assult [Hanson and Bussiere, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol. 66 (1998) 348–362] found that the presence of any personality disorder (APA, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-III-R. (1987); [APA, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV (1994)] was the only variable to significantly predict sexual recidivism in a category measuring “Psychological Maladjustment” (r+=.16, n=315). The relationship between personality disturbance and new sexual offenses is undoubtedly a dynamic relationship that deserves exploration. This review and critique of theory covers two theories of personality: (1) a psychoanalytic theory of rapist personality offered by Groth [Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender. (1979), New York: Plenum] and (2) a general biosocial theory or personality disturbance offered by Millon [Disorders of Personality: DSM-IV and Beyond. (1996). New York: Wiley]. Theory offered by Groth is critiqued and limitations considered. Theory offered by Millon is offered and the two approaches are synthesized to suggest possible causes of characteristic psychological disturbance associated with perpetration of sexual assault. Applications for research and practice are considered, and implications of this line of research for risk assessment and sexual assault prevention are reviewed.
The speckle-free nature of photoacoustic imaging

Photoacoustic imaging for biomedical applications has seen significant growth during the past few years. Despite its coherent nature, it possesses a unique advantage to produce images devoid of speckle artifacts. The reason responsible for this salient feature has not been addressed so far. We found this is a direct result of its extraordinary absorption contrast. Our discovery is explained using simulations based on a practical photoacoustic imaging system.
Site coefficients for design of buildings in eastern United States

The effect of local site conditions on the characteristics of ground shaking is usually incorporated into building codes by specifying several site categories and assigning a site coefficient for each site category. In the 1994 NEHRP Recommended Provisions, site categories and site coefficients were revised based on the results from the investigation of the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake and other research studies. In this paper, we use a probabilistic approach to establish the statistics of site coefficients for the new site categories specified in the 1994 NEHRP Provisions using the ground motions expected to occur in the eastern United States. The site coefficients obtained from this study are compared to those specified in the NEHRP Provisions.
Measurement of language-supported reuse in object-oriented and object-based software

A major benefit of object-oriented software development is the support for reuse provided by object-oriented and object-based languages. Yet, measures and measurement tools that quantify such language-supported reuse have been lacking. Comprehensive reuse measures, particularly for reuse with modifications, are necessary to evaluate the status of reuse in an organization and to monitor improvements. We develop a set of measurable reuse attributes appropriate to object-oriented and object-based systems and a suite of measures that quantify these attributes. One of our major objectives is to measure reuse in software written in the object-based language Ada. A set of suitable primitive reuse measures are expressed in Ada Reuse Tables. These tables support the flexible use of primitive measures in programs with nested packages and subprograms, and Ada generic packages. We designed and implemented a prototype Ada Reuse Measurement Analyzer (ARMA) to generate measurement values from Ada programs. ARMA produces a reuse data representation and a corresponding forest representation of an Ada system that contain the information necessary to produce the primitive measures. Developers can use the representations to produce customized reports to satisfy a wide range of measurement goals. We use ARMA to measure primitive reuse attributes for a set of industrial Ada software. We also show that ARMA can be used to generate a set of component access and package visibility measures.
Novelty, Utility, ... and More

CiSE is a magazine, not a journal. I'll give two examples of what I mean by the difference, which should hopefully help correct some common misunderstandings both for those preparing manuscripts to submit for publication and for those who volunteer to referee them. I trust that these characteristics are what you expect in CiSE, and I'd certainly like to hear from you if they aren't.
Direct measurement of vibrational energy relaxation in photoexcited deoxyhemoglobin using picosecond Raman spectroscopy

have directly observed hot vibrations in photoexcited deoxyhemoglobin. The data quantitatively indicate a hemevibrational temperature of 20 K above room temperature within the time sampled by an 8ps laser pulse. The slowcomponent of vibrational relaxation occurs with a rate constant of (2.5ps)1. Similar dynamics are observed in oxyhe..moglobin. The initial stages of recombmation of 02 with the heme following photodissociation of oxyhemoglobin areobserved in the transient vibrational spectrum. Contrary to previous work, we do not observe the influence of proteindynamics on 02 recombination.1.
Instruction-level simulation of a cluster at scale

Instruction-level simulation is necessary to evaluate new architectures. However, single-node simulation cannot predict the behavior of a parallel application on a supercomputer. We present a scalable simulator that couples a cycle-accurate node simulator with a supercomputer network model. Our simulator executes individual instances of IBM's Mambo PowerPC simulator on hundreds of cores. We integrated a NIC emulator into Mambo and model the network instead of fully simulating it. This decouples the individual node simulators and makes our design scalable.Our simulator runs unmodified parallel message-passing applications on hundreds of nodes. We can change network and detailed node parameters, inject network traffic directly into caches, and use different policies to decide when that is an advantage.This paper describes our simulator in detail, evaluates it, and demonstrates its scalability. We show its suitability for architecture research by evaluating the impact of cache injection on parallel application performance.
On the Occurrence of Standardized Regression Coefficients Greater Than One

For some investigators, the occurrence of standardized regression coefficients greater than one in a model raises questions concerning the legitimacy of such coefficients, and poses serious problem...
Nuclear equation of state and incompressibility in a model with correlations from giant monopole vibrations

The nuclear equation of state and incompressibility are studied in a model with correlations. We first consider a Hartree solution and then add one-particle--one-hole (1p-1h) and two-particle--two-hole (2p-2h) admixtures into the wave function using a separable monopole-monopole interaction $\ensuremath{\lambda}{r}^{2}(i){r}^{2}(j)$ which induces giant monopole vibrations. Stable and unstable points arise in the nuclear equation of state as a function of the oscillator size parameter from pure 1p-1h admixtures. Addition of 2p-2h admixtures leads to one stable point. However, the incompressibility is found to be quite different from the Hartree case with 1p-1h admixtures, even with 2p-2h states included.
The influence of river plume dynamics on trace metal accumulation in calanoid copepods

The concentrations of Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg(II), monomethylmercury (MeHg), Pb, and Zn were measured and modeled in calanoid copepods collected from the Hudson River plume in April 2005 and May 2006. Copepods in the buoyant plume were significantly (p , 0.05) enriched in Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, and MeHg (2- to 25-fold), but depleted in Cd (by 25–40%) relative to oceanic copepods. Median burdens of Ag, Cu, and Hg(II) differed in plume copepods collected in April 2005 and May 2006 by factors of 1.5 to 3, reflecting the influence of river discharge and associated physical processes on plankton dynamics and metal bioaccumulation. Only the concentrations of Cu and Zn in plume copepods clearly showed the expected trend of highest levels near the mouth of the Hudson River and lower levels offshore. Spatial trends in concentrations of Ag and Hg(II) in plume copepods were strikingly different from those in suspended particles and the dissolved phase, apparently reflecting differences in metal bioavailability because of shifts in available food types. Modeled concentrations of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in plume copepods were within less than a factor of two of measured values, but model results showed that Hg(II) was less bioavailable, and Ag and MeHg were more bioavailable in the Hudson River plume than laboratory results would predict. Zooplankton from urban river plumes may accumulate potentially toxic levels of trace metals or act as a trophic link between metal contamination in polluted estuaries and pelagic ecosystems.
Performance bounds and a parameter transformation for decay rate estimation

Decay rate estimation has been proposed as an effective method for signal characterization in many application areas, including subsurface sensing using time-domain electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensors. The physical basis for this strategy is that every signal of interest, which corresponds to a target or phenomenon of interest, possesses a unique set of decay rates. In theory, the characteristic decay rates can be estimated from the measured signal, and then utilized for signal detection and subsequent identification. Using this approach, signal discrimination performance is dependent upon decay rate estimation performance. The Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for decay rate and amplitude coefficient estimates is utilized to investigate the fundamental limits of decay rate estimation accuracy. Previous derivations of the CRLB for decay rate estimates have focused on signals which are linearly sampled beginning at time t = 0. Here, the CRLB is generalized to accommodate any arbitrary sampling method and any initial starting time. A parameter transformation which improves decay rate estimation performance is also presented. Simulation results across a wide range of decay rates and SNRs show that nonlinear least squares estimation of the decay rates via the proposed transformation provides estimates with smaller RMS and bias than can be obtained without the parameter transformation. The parameter transformation also provides decay rate estimates that approach the CRLB. Improvement in estimation performance for this class of signals has important ramifications in signal detection, classification, and identification performance in several geophysical application areas.
Fatherhood stories: Grandparents, grandchildren, and gender differences:

The meanings of fatherhood conveyed in grandparent stories told by adult grandchildren vary both by the sex of the grandchild and by the sex of the grandparent who figures in the story. An inductive analysis was conducted of fatherhood stories involving grandparents as told by adult grandchildren (N = 79). Findings suggest that grandsons drew on stories about grandparents to present fatherhood as centered on work and recreation, and to suggest that women play supporting roles. Granddaughters’ stories were less positive, and suggested that women must make up for perceived deficiencies of fathers. This qualitative study is the first to explore same- and cross-sex similarities and differences in grandparents’ socialization of grandchildren into meanings of good fathering.
Laterally Loaded Piles: Program Documentation

The documentation is presented for the computer program COM622, which solves for the deflection and bending moment of a pile under lateral loading as a function of depth. The calculations are performed on a finite difference model of the pile, and the soil is represented by a series of nonlinear curves of force per unit length versus deflection. This is the first program documented and distributed under the standards developed for the Geotechnical Engineering Division.
Sex Differences in Response to Visual Sexual Stimuli: A Review

This article reviews what is currently known about how men and women respond to the presentation of visual sexual stimuli. While the assumption that men respond more to visual sexual stimuli is generally empirically supported, previous reports of sex differences are confounded by the variable content of the stimuli presented and measurement techniques. We propose that the cognitive processing stage of responding to sexual stimuli is the first stage in which sex differences occur. The divergence between men and women is proposed to occur at this time, reflected in differences in neural activation, and contribute to previously reported sex differences in downstream peripheral physiological responses and subjective reports of sexual arousal. Additionally, this review discusses factors that may contribute to the variability in sex differences observed in response to visual sexual stimuli. Factors include participant variables, such as hormonal state and socialized sexual attitudes, as well as variables specific to the content presented in the stimuli. Based on the literature reviewed, we conclude that content characteristics may differentially produce higher levels of sexual arousal in men and women. Specifically, men appear more influenced by the sex of the actors depicted in the stimuli while women’s response may differ with the context presented. Sexual motivation, perceived gender role expectations, and sexual attitudes are possible influences. These differences are of practical importance to future research on sexual arousal that aims to use experimental stimuli comparably appealing to men and women and also for general understanding of cognitive sex differences.