cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
University Agency in Peacebuilding: Perspectives on Conflict and Development in Kenya.

In 2007, Kenya erupted into violence as a result of heavily contested elections. Because identity divisions lay at the heart of the conflict, the nation’s public universities were deeply impacted, at times pitting students, faculty, and staff against one another, and disrupting the ability of Kenyan higher education to contribute to the development process. This qualitative case study explores how faculty and administrators, at two public institutions in a conflict zone, understand and describe their university’s contributions to development. Analyzed through the lens of conflict transformation, the data reveal that the universities changed internal policies and practices to accommodate constituents impacted by the conflict and to cut across conflict lines, and that participants shifted in their thinking about the institution’s internal and external relationships and purposes. The article has two aims. It offers preliminary heuristics for peacebuilding as a university process, providing a framework of practices and policies that engage university constituencies and may transform conflict. It also shows how conflict changed participants’ perspectives about the relationships between themselves, higher education, and development in their country. Further, this article explores a connection between participant beliefs about peacebuilding and development in Kenya.
Clozapine for polydipsia and hyponatremia in chronic schizophrenics.

Polydipsia is defined as chronic or intermittent ingestion of large volumes of water and is reported to occur in 6%--17% of chronically ill psychiatric patients (Viewig et al 1985; Jose et al 1986; Blum et al 1983). Polydipsia is most frequently diagnosed in schizophrenic patients, in whom it generally appears 5-15 years after the onset of psychosis (lllowsky and Kirch 1988). Polydipsia may lead to bladder dilation, enuresis, incontinence, hydronephrosis, and renal and congestive heart failure (Levinsky 1983). Approximately 25%-50% of patients with polydipsia develop hyponatremia, often referred to as water intoxication, 1-10 years after the onset of polydipsia (Viewig et al 1985; lllowsky and Kirch 1988; Jose and Perez-Cruet 1970). Symptoms of hyponatremia include nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, muscle tremors and cramps, ataxia, confusion, lethargy, seizures, coma, and death. With the exception of lithium-induced polydipsia, most evidence suggests that polydipt i a i© a e , u m r ~ a m s ' ~ ,-.hrc~,nLr. ae~u~hleht~;,-. Âl i fo , , , ,~ th . thn,,, a.,, i o ~ o t T t l l ] ~ r L ~ J l i i ~ & ~ l l i ' l J i l i ~ l ~ ] [ . . / ~ l ~ r 1 1 1 p l i l g l k l l b I i l l l l l , l~,~l~l, i ~ . t l l l T b ~ i l d l I C L i i ~111
The Ancient Rhetorical Suasoria Versus the Modern Technical Case

In the past few years, several authors have suggested that we reflect on traditional conceptions of rhetoric to see what they can tell us about our own concerns. For instance, the authors whose articles appear in James J. Murphy's 1982 MLA anthology, The Rhetorical Tradition and Modem Writing, would agree that a study of our rhetorical tradition can teach us a good deal about the problems of the present, and they make many comparisons between ancient and modern to illustrate what they mean. Comparing rhetorical pedagogies is another promising area of study, although such comparison may at first seem to involve incongruities. Proposing, as this essay does, that there is a fundamental likeness between the modern technical writing case study and the impersonation exercises of classical rhetoric-in which the student plays Zeus excoriating the Sun-God for lending his chariot to Phaethon, or some of Caesar's troops arguing whether to commit suicide or not-would initially seem imprudent. On first glance, these two teaching methods seem pretty far apart. However, a detailed comparison of the modern case study with the impersonation and with another ancient exercise called suasoria not only is possible but can point out striking similarities. More important, such a comparison can validate the educational value of the case study, point up its grounding in rhetorical principles, and suggest some broader uses the modern methodology might serve. But before I proceed to a comparison, let me briefly describe each method. A modern case, to use a summary of a case from one of the best modern texts, goes something like this:
Sequence of the Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc recA gene

The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the recA gene of Leptospira biflexa serovar patoc strain Patoc I has been determined. The deduced amino acid (aa) sequence of the RecA protein is 387 aa long with a predicted molecular mass of 42,355 Da. The aa sequence has a high degree of identity to the aa sequences of many bacterial RecA, including Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. This is the first recA sequence reported for a bacterium in the order Spirochaetales.
Multiple PKCδ Tyrosine Residues Are Required for PKCδ-Dependent Activation of Involucrin Expression—a Key Role of PKCδ-Y311

Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ) is a key regulator of human involucrin (hINV) gene expression and is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation. However, a comprehensive analysis of the requirement for individual PKCδ tyrosine residues is lacking. We show that multiple tyrosine residues influence the ability of PKCδ to increase hINV gene expression. Mutation of individual PKCδ tyrosine residues 52, 64, 155, 187, or 565 does not reduce the ability of PKCδ to increase hINV promoter activity; however, simultaneous mutation of these five tyrosines markedly reduces activity. Moreover, restoration of any one of these residues results in nearly full activity restoration. It is significant that phosphorylation of PKCδ-Y311 is reduced in the five-tyrosine mutant and that mutation of Y311 results in reduced PKCδ activity comparable to that observed in the five-tyrosine mutant. Restoration of any one of the tyrosine residues in the five-tyrosine mutant restores Y311 phosphorylation and biological activity. In addition, reduced phosphorylation of endogenous PKCδ-Y311 is associated with reduced biological activity. These findings indicate that PKCδ activity requires Y311 and a second tyrosine residue; however, any one of the several tyrosine residues can serve in the secondary role.
Telehealth advancing nursing practice

Abstract The pressures to contain health care, including the early discharge of patients, combined with the closing of many home care health agencies, create higher demands for home health care at a time when such care is rapidly becoming less available. Telemedicine technology may help to close the gap between demand and availability of home health care services. It also may open opportunities for the work of community health nurses and advanced practice nurses and reduce costs. The increased use of telecommunication to deliver services raises questions of the effectiveness of services to patients, cost of care, professional licensure, and reimbursement and liability issues. Presented here is a brief historical perspective on the functions of the technology, potential barriers to implementation, and possible uses in nursing caregiving. Rather than being a substitute, telemedicine technology complements the existing health care network, bringing services to persons who otherwise might not receive care. By increasing our patients' options and expand-ing their access to health care, home health and advanced practice nurses act as patient advocates. Nurs Outlook 2001;49:100-5.
The Classic: Case of Bone Transference. Use of a Segment of Fibula to Supply a Defect in the Tibia

This Classic Article is a reprint of the original work by T.W. Huntington, Case of Bone Transference. Use of a Segment of Fibula to Supply a Defect in the Tibia. An accompanying biographical sketch of T.W. Huntington is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-012-2495-0. The Classic Article is © 1905 and is reprinted courtesy of Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins from Huntington TW. Case of Bone Transference. Use of a Segment of Fibula to Supply a Defect in the Tibia. Ann Surg. 1905;41:249–251.
Mobility in semiconducting graphene nanoribbons: Phonon, impurity, and edge roughness scattering

The transport properties of carriers in semiconducting graphene nanoribbons are studied by comparing the effects of phonon, impurity, and line-edge roughness scattering. It is found that scattering from impurities located at the surface of nanoribbons and from acoustic phonons are as important as line-edge roughness scattering. The relative importance of these scattering mechanisms varies with the temperature, Fermi-level location, and the width of the ribbons. Based on the analysis, strategies for improvement of low-field mobility are described.
Tropical Cyclone Observation and Forecasting with and without Aircraft Reconnaissance

Abstract The contributions of aircraft reconnaissance to the accuracy of tropical cyclone center positioning, motion, and intensity determinations are examined, along with their impact on the accuracy of track and intensity forecasting. The analyses concentrate on differences in cyclone position and intensity diagnosis, as well as track forecasting during periods when aircraft measurements were made versus times when aircraft data were not available. Northwest Pacific data for the period 1979–86, which contain over 200 tropical cyclone cases with approximately 5000 center fix positions, were used for the analyses. Aircraft versus no-aircraft situations are examined with respect to the class of satellite data that were available and for day versus night measurements. Differences in positioning and intensity estimates made from simultaneous independent satellite observations are also examined. Results show that satellite analysts operating independently frequently obtain large differences in their estimates...
Cholesterol and perhaps estradiol protect against corticosterone-induced hippocampal CA3 dendritic retraction in gonadectomized female and male rats.

Abstract Chronic stress or glucocorticoid exposure simplifies hippocampal Cornu Ammonis region 3 (CA3) apical dendritic arbors in male rats. In contrast to males, chronic stress either reduces CA3 basal branching or exerts no observable morphological effects in gonadally intact female rats. Under conditions that females display stress-induced CA3 dendritic retraction, such as that following ovariectomy, chronic exposure to 17β-estradiol or cholesterol can negate these changes. Whether glucocorticoids produce CA3 dendritic retraction in ovariectomized females and whether neuroprotection from 17β-estradiol or cholesterol is sex-specific remains unknown. The current study examined the effects of chronic glucocorticoid exposure, in conjunction with 17β-estradiol or cholesterol administration, on hippocampal CA3 dendritic complexity. Adult male and female Sprague–Dawley rats were gonadectomized and implanted with 25% 17β-estradiol in cholesterol, 100% cholesterol, or blank Silastic capsules. Rats were then assigned to either a 21-day corticosterone (CORT) drink (400 μg/ml CORT, 2.4% ethanol in tap water) or tap water (Tap, 2.4% ethanol in tap water) treatment. Brains were processed for Golgi staining, and hippocampal CA3 dendritic architecture was quantified. Results showed 21-day CORT administration reduced hippocampal CA3 apical dendritic branch points, CA3 apical dendritic length, body weight gain, and adrenal weights compared to male and female control counterparts. Furthermore, male and female rats implanted with Silastic capsules containing cholesterol or 25% 17β-estradiol in cholesterol were protected from CORT-induced CA3 apical dendritic branch reduction. No effects were observed in the CA3 basal dendritic arbors. The present results demonstrate that CORT produces hippocampal CA3 dendritic retraction in gonadectomized male and female rats and that cholesterol and 25% 17β-estradiol in cholesterol prevent this dendritic simplification.
The Asymptotic Efficiency of Semiparametric Estimators for Censored Linear Regression Models

This paper presents numerical comparisons of the asymptotic mean square estimation errors of semiparametric generalized least squares (SGLS), quantile, symmetrically censored least squares (SCLS), and tobit maximum likelihood estimators of the slope parameters of censored linear regression models with one explanatory variable. The results indicate that the SCLS estimator is less efficient than the other two semiparametric estimators. The SGLS estimator is more efficient than quantile estimators when the tails of the distribution of the random component of the model are not too thick and the probability of censoring is not too large. The most efficient semiparametric estimators usually have smaller mean square estimation errors than does the tobit estimator when the random component of the model is not normally distributed and the sample size is 500–1,000 or more.
Preparation and Functional Properties of Enzymatically Deamidated Soy Proteins

Heat-denatured soy protein was hydrolyzed by Alcalase to 2.0% or 4.0% degree of hydrolysis (DH), heated again at 100°C and deamidated with B. circulans peptidoglutaminase. The extent of deamidation was 6.0% and 8.2% for 2.0 DH hydrolysates and 12.8% and 16.0% for 4.0 DH hydrolysates heated for 15 and 30 min, respectively. Deamidation increased protein solubility and substantially enhanced emulsifying activity under mildly acidic (pH 4–6) as well as alkaline conditions. Deamidation improved emulsion stability and foaming power of heat-denatured hydrolysed soy proteins. Enzymatically deamidated soy protein hydrolysates had improved functional properties compared to nondeamidated hydrolysates and the native soy protein.
Value Conflict and Legal Reasoning in Public Administration

This article explores the idea of value pluralism, the problems it poses for public administration, and how an examination of legal reasoning, as a form of practical reasoning, might help public administrators deal with these problems. It is argued that legal reasoning can be helpful because it is rooted in a process of adversary argument and analogical reasoning that promotes the consideration of conflicting values or conceptions of the good.
Steroids as Molecular Photonic Wires. Z → E Olefin Photoisomerization by Intramolecular Triplet−Triplet Energy Transfer with and without Intervening Olefinic Gates1

The steroids 3β-((dimethylphenylsilyl)oxy)-17-(Z)-ethylidene-5α-androstane (1), 3β-((dimethylphenylsilyl)oxy)-17-(Z)-ethylidene-5-androstene (2), 3β-((dimethylphenylsilyl)oxy)-17-(Z)-ethylidene-6-methylene-5α-androstane (3a), and 3α-((dimethylphenylsilyl)oxy)-17-(Z)-ethylidene-6-methylene-5α-androstane (3b) have been prepared. The triplet−triplet excited-state energy transfer (TTET) that occurs from the C3 aryl “donor” group to the C17 ethylidene “acceptor” has been studied in detail at 10 mM steroid concentration. Irradiation with 266 nm light results in Z → E olefin isomerization of the C17 ethylidene group, a consequence of both intra- and interTTET. ΦZ→E = 0.037, 0.018, 0.028, and 0.004 for 1, 2, 3a, and 3b, respectively. Detailed kinetic analyses of these compounds and appropriate models, with and without added olefin quenchers, provide a complete set of rate constants which are determined relative to an assumed energy transfer rate constant to piperylene of 7.0 × 109 M-1 s-1. In particular, kintraTT...
A new look at long term collector performance and utilizability

Abstract A simple technique has been developed to calculate monthly collection efficiency or monthly utilizability for solar thermal flat-plate collectors. It is applicable to south facing tilted collectors operating with a fixed fluid inlet temperature although extensions to other more generalized uses of utilizability are discussed. The heart of the technique is an empirically determined performance map that makes possible quick evaluations of changes in collector design, geographic location and collector inlet temperature. The collector input variables are those that are commonly measured in most thermal test procedures; geographic input variables are the mean monthly temperature and K T (the Liu and Jordan clearness factor). The procedure was developed for monthly optimum fixed tilts but a simple correction can be made to incorporate arbitrary monthly fixed tilts. The method, in general, gives good results compared to long term hourly simulation. The technique also allows one to determine under what operating conditions collector performance begins to depend on site-to-site solar radiation/weather variability and what uncertainties can be expected from its use.
Calcium transport in Halobacterium halobium envelope vesicles.

Abstract Calcium transport was demonstrated in envelope vesicles prepared from Halobacterium halobium. Calcium influx is driven by a Na+ gradient (in > out), and the initial transport rates are proportional to log( Na in Na out ).The addition of monensin completely inhibits transport, but FCCP has no effect. The results suggest the existence of sodium/ calcium antiport. Calcium appears to be internally bound, since it does not exit upon the addition of monensin, although efflux of 45Ca is achieved when a 20-fold excess of calcium is added to the external medium. Calcium uptake follows Michaelis-Mententype kinetics, with a Km of 71 μ m and V of 2.0 nmol · min−1 · mg−1 of membrane protein. Illumination, which provides an electrical potential owing to light-induced proton translocation by bacteriorhodopsin, has no appreciable effect on calcium efflux from preloaded vesicles. The transport carrier requires both NaCl and KCl: Na+ for energetic reasons, required on the trans side of translocation, and K+ for regulatory reasons, required probably on the cis side of translocation. The results provide evidence for a specific sodium/calcium antiporter in these halophilic cells, similar to that found in eukaryotic cells, but unlike other investigated bacterial systems which have proton/ calcium antiporters.
Superior vena cava and right atrium wall infective endocarditis in patients receiving hemodialysis

Infective endocarditis is significantly more common and causes greater morbidity and mortality in patients receiving hemodialysis than in the general population. Episodes of bacteremia during hemodialysis are primarily the result of frequent vascular access through an arteriovenous fistula, a vascular graft, or an indwelling vascular catheter. This leads to dialysis access infection and secondary bacteremia. We describe 4 cases of patients receiving hemodialysis, with an indwelling intravascular dialysis catheter, who developed right-sided endocarditis with vegetations located exclusively on the superior vena cava and right atrium wall. All patients had persistent bacteremia with Staphylococcus, secondary to an indwelling intravascular hemodialysis catheter, which led to seeding of the right-sided cardiac wall, causing infective endocarditis. The rates of acceptance for hemodialysis are increasing, along with improved survival in this group of patients. This will probably lead to an increase in the incidence of infective endocarditis, with atypical presentations such as superior vena cava and right-sided cardiac wall endocarditis.
The Dilemma of Ephesians

Probably other presidents of this Society have wondered whether they have chosen the best type of topic for the occasion. The dilemma of Ephesians is not a new problem and one has little hope of shedding new light upon it. It is not a theological problem and therefore does not belong in that field of New Testament study which is especially popular today. Certain arguments applicable to it—linguistic or statistical—do not lend themselves easily to brief or oral presentation. There may, however, be some merit in restating the problem and in trying to indicate the limitation of our means forsolving it. Readers or hearers who expect an attempted proof of one side or the other will not find it here.
Mercury atomic absorption by mercury atoms in water observed with a liquid core waveguide as a long path absorption cell

Atomic absorption by mercury atoms in water was observed by using a liquid core waveguide (LCW) as a long pass absorption cell. Mercury atoms in an aqueous solution were generated through mixing a mercury standard solution and a NaBH4 solution. Atomic absorption spectrum by the generated mercury atoms in the solution was observed. Also atomic absorption by mercury atoms dissolved in water from the gas phase was detected. The observed mercury atomic absorption spectrum has a broadband structure with peak absorption at 255 nm and a bandwidth of 20 nm. The peak wavelength of mercury atomic absorption in water is very close to that of mercury atomic absorption in the gas phase. The bandwidth of mercury atomic absorption in water is much broader than that of mercury atomic absorption in the gas phase, but narrower than that of the absorption spectrum of simple molecules in an aqueous solution. The possible application of this discovery is discussed. Although the absorption cross-section of mercury atomic absorption in water is much smaller than that of mercury atomic absorption in the gas phase, the application of a LCW as a long path absorption cell for detecting mercury atomic absorption in an aqueous solution significantly improved the sensitivity of mercury detection.
Solvent and Curing Effects on Diffusion at Polyimide Interfaces

Interdiffusion at interfaces between deuterated polyamic acid (d-PAA) and polyimide (PI) films was investigated with forward recoil spectrometry, an ion beam analysis technique. The PI films were prepared by spin - coating a solution of PAA on a silicon substrate, followed by an anneal at a temperature Ti, which produced partial or complete conversion of the PAA to PI. An overlayer of d-PAA was added in one set of samples by spin - coating from solution and in another set by transferring (in the absence of solvents) a dry d-PAA film onto the PI surface. The bilayer samples were then either annealed at a temperature Td or allowed to stand at room temperature. Bilayers prepared by spin - coating d-PAA from solution directly on partially cured PI films had interdiffusion distances w that decreased with increasing values of Ti to immeasurable levels by Ti = 200 °C. The decrease in w with increasing Ti is thought to be caused by a positive Flory parameter between PAA and PI which increases with the imide fraction in the PI film; the result is an increasing immiscibility between the swollen polymer layers. No interdiffusion occurred in the solventless - transfer samples for any combination of temperatures Ti or Td from room temperature up to 400 °C. Post - annealing of spin - coated bilayers at a temperature Td up to 400 °C was ineffective in producing any additional interdiffusion. Both of these results indicate that thermally activated interdiffusion (even for initially unimidized samples) does not exist in the absence of solvents, an effect attributed to the rapid increase of the glass transition temperature of the polymer with imidization.
Altered gut Flora in uremia

The objective of this review is to show the influence of altered gut flora in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). This flora produces toxic metabolites that can be reduced by a biological intervention that acts through modification of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine. The toxic metabolites are responsible for two major problems: they cause general CRF symptoms as well as target organ dysfunction especially in the brain, leading to neurological abnormalities, and they may interfere with the absorption of digested nutrients from the small intestines that promote normal nutrition. One group of toxic compounds [the methylamines (MA)] has been used as a biochemical marker to monitor the course of CRF. The origin of these MAs is choline and lecithin, important constituents of the normal diet and bile. Based on the results with nonabsorbable antibiotics and a pilot study using freeze-dried Lactobacillus acidophilus (LBA), amines (especially dimethylamine [DMA] and the carcinogen, nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), and nutritional parameters (appetite, caloric intake, weight, anthropometrics, and serum albumin) were measured in an extended study in dialysis patients using LBA for at least 1 month. Results indicate a uniform biochemical response with significant decreases in DMA and NDMA. This type of intervention produces the only reported reversal of objective neurological dysfunction (electroencephalographic change, asterixis) other than dialysis and transplantation. Longer-term LBA administration also improved nutritional parameters with caloric intake and weight assuming statistical significance. Usage is particularly attractive because LBA is safe, easy to administer, abundantly available, and inexpensive. o 1996 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Estimation of Reaction Kinetic Parameters by Local Online Experimentation

In the control of chemical reactors, it is important to know the kinetic parameters of the reaction with good precision. The traditional approach is to try to estimate them from laboratory experiments or from plant records, where variations due to control to disturbances may occur. However, this may happen only sporadically in the plant history because the reactor is at steady state for long periods of time. It would be advantageous to online, so that the estimation of the kinetic parameters could be made more accurately and independently of plant changes. This paper presents such a method which may be applicable to most industrial reactors. A test reactor is installed in parallel to the main stream and a little side stream to this reactor is taken from the main reactor stream at any point. In the simplest possible case, the side stream is led to a batch reactor where the reaction kinetics may be followed very closely. From the batch results it is possible to infere the kinetic parameters and even the order and mechanisms of the reactions. Such parameters shown here are the parameters in the Arrhenius type rate expression, the order and the heat of the reaction.
Laser-Induced Photochemical Reactions of Methanol, Ethanol, 1-Propanol, and 2-Propanol

This study focuses on the carbon dioxide laser-induced excitation and resultant dissociation of several members of a group of carbon-oxygen (C-O)-containing molecules, the alcohols methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol. The tunable continuous-wave infrared (cw) laser provides the energy of activation necessary for dissociation to occur after absorption into the C-O stretching fundamentals of the alcohols. Chemical reactions were monitored with the use of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, also used for identification of end products. After irradiation, ethanol and 1-propanol each yielded acetaldehyde. The products of the dissocation of methanol were carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, and hydrogen. The formaldehyde then reacted with excess methanol to produce methoxymethanol. Fourier transform interferograms were collected at specific time intervals, thus monitoring any consecutive reactions that occurred after the irradiation. For methanol, laser parameters such as output line frequency and power as well as irradiation time were varied. The effect of initial reactant pressure on the laser-induced dissociation of methanol was evaluated. Only methanol underwent a consecutive reaction. Hydrocarbon fragments were also observed from ethanol, 1-propanol, and 2-propanol. Methane, ethene, and ethyne were produced from ethanol. Propene, ethene, and methane were produced from 1-propanol, and methane and propene from 2-propanol. The products observed in some instances were different from those reported in the literature for pyrolytic and pulsed laser studies. The results from these investigations are compared with results from other similar compounds and similar techniques.
High-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma of the urinary tract: a clinicopathologic analysis of a post–World Health Organization/International Society of Urological Pathology classification cohort from a single academic center ☆ ☆☆

About one half of all bladder neoplasms are noninvasive, and in those, the histologic grade is a crucial prognosticator. Few single-center studies have assessed the recurrence, progression, and cancer-related mortality rates of noninvasive high-grade papillary urothelial carcinomas. With this aim, we evaluated the clinicopathologic and outcome features of 85 patients with high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma. Median age was 68 years, and 80.5% were men. Tumor size ranged from 0.3 to 13.0 cm (median, 1.6 cm). Recurrence was found in 36.5% of the patients, whereas tumor progression, defined as invasion of lamina propria or beyond, was identified in 40% of all cases. When present, lesion reappearance involved mostly 1 to 2 episodes. Metastasis appeared in 20% of the patients, and 15% died of disseminated bladder cancer. All cancer-related deaths occurred in the group of patients with progression, whereas patients with recurrence showed similar outcomes to those with no recurrence. For patients with tumor progression, clinical stage was significantly associated with outcome (P = .002). As for prognosis, tumor size was strongly associated with progression (P < .01). In conclusion, recurrence, progression, and cancer-specific mortality rates were 36.5%, 40%, and 15%, respectively. All the patients who died of cancer had a history of tumor progression. Patients with recurrences showed similar outcomes to those with no recurrence. Tumor size was strongly associated with tumor progression and cancer-specific survival, whereas clinical stage was significantly associated with outcome in the progression group. In light of the high recurrence and progression rates of high-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma, strict clinical surveillance aimed to detect early recurrent lesions, especially in patients with larger tumors, is warranted.
Lidocaine potentiation of cocaine toxicity

Study hypothesis: The toxic effects of cocaine are enhanced in the presence of lidocaine. Study population: Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 200 to 300 g. Methods: Animals received intraperitoneal injections of cocaine (10, 20, 35, or 50 mg/kg), lidocaine (30 or 40 mg/kg), or a combination of all doses of cocaine given simultaneously with 30 or 40 mg/kg lidocaine. The incidence and time to seizure and death were recorded in these groups and compared by χ 2 and analysis of variance analyses, respectively. Results: At doses of 30 or 40 mg/kg, lidocaine does not induce seizures or death. The effect of simultaneous injection of both cocaine and lidocaine was to dramatically increase the incidence of both seizures and death over that of cocaine alone. The incidence of seizures in animals receiving 35 mg/kg cocaine alone was 10%; this increased to 50% and 80% with the addition of 30 and 40 mg/kg lidocaine, respectively ( P ⩽ .05; P ⩽ .01). Death did not occur in animals receiving 35 mg/kg cocaine alone; the addition of 30 and 40 mg/kg lidocaine resulted in death in 30% and 60% of animals, respectively ( P ⩽ .01 each group). Similarly, in rats receiving 50 mg/kg cocaine, the incidence of death increased from 0% to 60% and 80% with 30 and 40 mg/kg lidocaine, respectively ( P ⩽ .01). Conclusion: In the rat, overall toxicity of cocaine is significantly increased with simultaneous exposure to lidocaine.
Autonomic arousal and relational aggression in heterosexual dating couples

This study investigated the association between romantic relational aggression and autonomic nervous system (ANS) arousal in the context of heterosexual dating couples (N = 115 couples). Results indicated that romantic relational aggression was associated with low resting sympathetic arousal, high resting parasympathetic arousal, and exaggerated fight or flight responses to a conflict discussion (sympathetic activation and parasympathetic withdrawal). However, ANS activity was more strongly associated with romantic relational aggression in the context of low-quality romantic relationships, and sympathetic activity was more strongly associated with aggression among females, whereas parasympathetic activity was more strongly associated with aggression among males. Results indicate that psychophysiological functioning may serve as a risk factor for the perpetration of relational aggression against romantic partners.
Crystal Structure and Functional Analysis of JMJD5 Indicate an Alternate Specificity and Function

JMJD5 is a Jumonji C (JmjC) protein that has been implicated in breast cancer tumorigenesis, circadian rhythm regulation, embryological development, and osteoclastogenesis. Recently, JMJD5 (also called KDM8) has been reported to demethylate dimethylated Lys-36 in histone H3 (H3K36me2), regulating genes that control cell cycle progression. Here, we report high-resolution crystal structures of the human JMJD5 catalytic domain in complex with the substrate 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) and the inhibitor N-oxalylglycine (NOG). The structures reveal a β-barrel fold that is conserved in the JmjC family and a long shallow cleft that opens into the enzyme's active site. A comparison with other JmjC enzymes illustrates that JMJD5 shares sequence and structural homology with the asparaginyl and histidinyl hydroxylase FIH-1 (factor inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1 [HIF-1]), the lysyl hydroxylase JMJD6, and the RNA hydroxylase TYW5 but displays limited homology to JmjC lysine demethylases (KDMs). Contrary to previous findings, biochemical assays indicate that JMJD5 does not display demethylase activity toward methylated H3K36 nor toward the other methyllysines in the N-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4. Together, these results imply that JMJD5 participates in roles independent of histone demethylation and may function as a protein hydroxylase given its structural homology with FIH-1 and JMJD6.
The Integration of Technology and Management in the Competitiveness of the United States Short Staple Yarn Manufacturing Industry

The purpose of this research was to investigate whether a balance of technology and management could be used in order to sustain a viable United States (US) short staple yarn production industry. The methodology used in this study consisted of primary research comprising two phases. The first phase consisted of interviews with industry executives in order to find out what US yarn manufacturers think are the important factors in maintaining a competitive yarn industry. The second phase was an online survey with industry customers in order to find out why weavers and knitters buy from US manufacturers. Results reveal that US manufacturers have competitive advantages over other countries because of skill level of workforce, variety of products offered, customer relationships, innovation and technology, and product quality. In order to keep these competitive advantages, “technology” and “management” strategies should be implemented. Results also reveal the areas in which the US yarn manufacturers should focus their resources in order to stay competitive or indeed survive.
Metadata management and relational databases

A simple extension to the relational model that permits meta-data (more generally metaknowledge) to be stored and manipulated as first class data is proposed. The accompanying query language is SQL extended with reification and reflection capabilities. Together, these extensions offer a relational framework for addressing a number of long-standing and modern database problems. Some rewriting properties of the query language are studied, and application to data integration along with a prototype implementation is described.
EUS-guided fine-needle tattooing for preoperative localization of early pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

A 67-year-old woman was evaluated for recurrent pancreatitis. She had no other significant medical history, and her carbohydrate antigen 19-9, amylase, and lipase levels were normal. An initial pancreatic protocol CT showed normal results. A linear EUS examination revealed a poorly defined 5-mm hypoechoic solid area in the pancreatic body close to the portal confluence (Fig. 1). EUS-guided FNA (EUS-FNA) of this area revealed cells suspicious for adenocarcinoma. The patient decided to undergo a laparoscopic resection of the pancreatic lesion. A repeated pancreatic protocol CT failed to localize the lesion. On the day before her planned laparoscopic pancreatic resection, a repeated EUS again revealed the subtle 5-mm hypoechoic area in the pancreatic body. EUS-FNT was performed by slowly injecting, with a 22-gauge needle (Echo-Tip; Cook Endoscopy, Winston–Salem, NC), 2 mL of a sterile carbon-based ink (SPOT; GI Supply, Camp Hill, Pa) into an area of normal pancreatic parenchyma 2 cm toward the head of the pancreas relative to this mass (Fig. 2). There were no acute complications, such as bleeding, abdominal pain, fever, or pancreatitis at the time of the injection. The patient received preprocedural and postprocedural oral ciprofloxacin. At a laparoscopy, there was no evidence of inflammation or bleeding around the easily recognized tattooed area. Intraoperative evaluation failed to identify the pancreatic body tumor. By using the tattooed area as the most medial aspect, the patient underwent, uneventfully, a laparoscopic distal pancreatic resection. A pathologic evaluation of the resected pancreas revealed a 5-mm intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) with carcinoma in situ, 2 cm from the surgical resection plane (Fig. 3). The patient was continuing to do well 12 months after surgery. She had no evidence of recurrent pancreatitis, IPMN, or pancreatic cancer.
Myosin heavy chain isoform content and energy metabolism can be uncoupled in pig skeletal muscle.

Genetic selection for improved growth and overall meatiness has resulted in the occurrence of 2 major mutations in pigs, the Rendement Napole (RN) and Halothane (Hal) gene mutations. At the tis- sue level, these mutations influence energy metabolism in skeletal muscle and muscle fiber type composition, yet also influence total body composition. The RN mu- tation affects the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase γ subunit and results in increased glyco- gen deposition in the muscle, whereas the Hal mutation alters sarcoplasmic calcium release mechanisms and re- sults in altered energy metabolism. From a meat qual- ity standpoint, these mutations independently influ- ence the extent and rate of muscle energy metabolism postmortem, respectively. Even though these mutations alter overall muscle energy metabolism and histochemi- cally derived muscle fiber type independently, their ef- fects have not been yet fully elucidated in respect to myosin heavy chain (MyHC) isoform content and those enzymes responsible for defining energetics of the tis- sue. Therefore, the objective of this study was to de- termine the collective effects of the RN and Hal genes on genes and gene products associated with different muscle fiber types in pig skeletal muscle. To overcome potential pitfalls associated with traditional muscle fiber typing, real-time PCR, gel electrophoresis, and Western blotting were used to evaluate MyHC com- position and several energy-related gene expressions in muscles from wild-type, RN, Hal, and Hal-RN mutant pigs. The MyHC mRNA levels displayed sequential transitions from IIb to IIx and IIa in pigs bearing the RN mutation. In addition, our results showed MyHC protein isoform abundance is correlated with mRNA level supporting the hypothesis that MyHC genes are transcriptionally controlled. However, transcript abun- dance of genes involved in energy metabolism, includ- ing lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, glycogen synthase, and peroxisome proliferator-activated recep- tor α, was not different between genotypes. These data show that the RN and Hal gene mutations alter muscle fiber type composition and suggest that muscle fiber energy metabolism and speed of contraction, the 2 de- terminants of muscle fiber type, can be uncoupled.
ISSUES AND THEMES FOR NATURAL RESOURCES TRENDAND CHANGE DETECTION

The 1996 ASA/EPA/ESA/SBI workshop on Ecological Resource Monitoring: Change and Trend Detection, was a successful interaction between quantitative ecologists and environmental statisticians. In this brief comment, a few of the overriding themes are noted and discussed, in particular: (1) the many difficulties encountered in applying traditional formal statistical methods to environmental studies; (2) the differences between design-based and model-based inferences; and (3) the issue of judgment vs. probability sampling.
Explicit unique-neighbor expanders

We present a simple, explicit construction of an infinite family F of bounded-degree 'unique-neighbor' expanders /spl Gamma/; i.e., there are strictly positive constants /spl alpha/ and /spl epsi/, such that all /spl Gamma/ = (X, E(/spl Gamma/)) /spl isin/ F satisfy the following property. For each subset S of X with no more than /spl alpha/|X| vertices, there are at least /spl epsi/|S| vertices in X/spl bsol/S that are adjacent in /spl Gamma/ to exactly one vertex in S. The construction of F is simple to specify, and each /spl Gamma/ /spl isin/ F is 6-regular. We then extend the technique and present easy to describe explicit infinite families of 4-regular and 3-regular unique-neighbor expanders, as well as explicit families of bipartite graphs with nonequal color classes and similar properties. This has several applications and settles an open problem considered by various researchers.
Enabling devices, empowering people: The design and evaluation of Trackball EdgeWrite

Purpose. To describe the research and development that led to Trackball EdgeWrite, a gestural text entry method that improves desktop input for some people with motor impairments. To compare the character-level version of this technique with a new word-level version. Further, to compare the technique with competitor techniques that use on-screen keyboards. Method. A rapid and iterative design-and-test approach was used to generate working prototypes and elicit quantitative and qualitative feedback from a veteran trackball user. In addition, theoretical modelling based on the Steering law was used to compare competing designs. Results. One result is a refined software artifact, Trackball EdgeWrite, which represents the outcome of this investigation. A theoretical result shows the speed benefit of word-level stroking compared to character-level stroking, which resulted in a 45.0% improvement. Empirical results of a trackball user with a spinal cord injury indicate a peak performance of 8.25 wpm with the character-level version of Trackball EdgeWrite and 12.09 wpm with the word-level version, a 46.5% improvement. Log file analysis of extended real-world text entry shows stroke savings of 43.9% with the word-level version. Both versions of Trackball EdgeWrite were better than on-screen keyboards, particularly regarding user preferences. Follow-up correspondence shows that the veteran trackball user with a spinal cord injury still uses Trackball EdgeWrite on a daily basis 2 years after his initial exposure to the software. Conclusions. Trackball EdgeWrite is a successful new method for desktop text entry and may have further implications for ablebodied users of mobile technologies. Theoretical modelling is useful in combination with empirical testing to explore design alternatives. Single-user lab and field studies can be useful for driving a rapid iterative cycle of innovation and development.
Differentiating random amplitude harmonics from constant amplitude harmonics

Periodograms are useful tools to reveal hidden periodicities in a given time series but the resulting spectral lines have often been associated with constant amplitude harmonics. Possibilities exist where the harmonics actually have non-zero mean random (as opposed to constant) amplitudes because the two can have identical periodograms. Applications exist to support the random amplitude models. Cyclic statistics are employed as effective tools to distinguish constant from random amplitude harmonic models. The algorithms are FFT based and are easy to implement as illustrated by numerical examples.
How Do I Love Thee? Let Me Count the Words The Social Effects of Expressive Writing

Writing about emotional experiences is associated with a host of positive outcomes. This study extended the expressive-writing paradigm to the realm of romantic relationships to examine the social effects of writing. For 3 consecutive days, one person from each of 86 dating couples either wrote about his or her deepest thoughts and feelings about the relationship or wrote about his or her daily activities. In the days before and after writing, instant messages were collected from the couples. Participants who wrote about their relationship were significantly more likely to still be dating their romantic partners 3 months later. Linguistic analyses of the instant messages revealed that participants and their partners used significantly more positive and negative emotion words in the days following the expressive-writing manipulation if the participants had written about their relationship than if they had written about their daily activities. Increases in positive emotion words partially mediated the relation between expressive writing and relationship stability.
Chromosome fragility at GAA tracts in yeast depends on repeat orientation and requires mismatch repair

Expansion of triplex-forming GAA/TTC repeats in the first intron of FXN gene results in Friedreich’s ataxia. Besides FXN, there are a number of other polymorphic GAA/TTC loci in the human genome where the size variations thus far have been considered to be a neutral event. Using yeast as a model system, we demonstrate that expanded GAA/TTC repeats represent a threat to eukaryotic genome integrity by triggering double-strand breaks and gross chromosomal rearrangements. The fragility potential strongly depends on the length of the tracts and orientation of the repeats relative to the replication origin, which correlates with their propensity to adopt triplex structure and to block replication progression. We show that fragility is mediated by mismatch repair machinery and requires the MutSb and endonuclease activity of MutLa. We suggest that the mechanism of GAA/TTC-induced chromosomal aberrations defined in yeast can also operate in human carriers with expanded tracts.
Ex Occidente Lux

In the summer of 1985 I was cataloguing a sparse trash scatter out in the sagebrush behind a ranch at the northeast end of Paradise Valley, Nevada. For the most part, the dump had yielded a disappointingly meager and conventional list of items: early machine-made sauce bottles, some generic white ironstone, bits of kerosene-lamp chimney glass, and some fragments of shoe leather inexplicably overlooked by the local coyotes. The dates ranged in the first two decades of the twentieth century, a full 40 years too late for the homesteading period I had been hoping to find. But they did mesh reassuringly with the dates of ranch tenancy by a local Basque family, the Mendiolas. Nothing in the trash dump was particularly redolent of Basque ethnicity, but I was getting used to that. At least there were some family descendants still living in the Valley. Maybe I could interview them about when they’d lived on the Reinhart Ranch.