cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic services and attitudes in primary care pediatrics

Given the integral role primary care pediatricians (PCPs) play in caring for children with genetic conditions, we aimed to identify current practices of PCPs regarding genetic patients, their attitudes toward genetic medical care and their choices regarding family history taking. We conducted an on-line survey of a national convenience sample of PCPs associated with the American Academy of Pediatrics' Quality Improvement Innovation Networks. Eighty-eight respondents (29% response rate) were included in the analysis. Seventy-four (86%) reported ordering genetic based tests three or less times annually. Eleven (13%) strongly agreed that they discuss with patients the potential risks, benefits, and limitations of genetic tests. Forty-three (49%) agreed or strongly agreed that they feel competent in providing healthcare to patients related to genetics and genomics. Perceived competence was not associated with more recent training (P = 0.29), number of genetic tests ordered annually (P = 0.84) or mean number of weekly patient encounters (P = 0.15). 100% of participants stated that taking a family history is important. 27 (31%) agreed or strongly agreed that they gather a minimum of a three-generation family history. Forty-one of the 63 participants with an electronic health record (65%) reported their system was fair or poor in its ability to easily capture a three-generation family history. PCPs interested in quality improvement reported variation in care practices for children with genetic diseases and a majority did not feel competent to provide genetic related healthcare. Research should focus on improving the care and diagnosis of children with genetic disorders and enhanced integration of genetic medicine into routine primary preventative care. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
a Nomogram to Determine Monthly Potential Evapotranspiration

Abstract A nomogram for the solution of Thornthwaite's empirical relationships among mean monthly temperature, latitude, and potential evapotranspiration is constructed. In the form of alignment charts, the nomogram is simple to use and has the added advantages of the temperature scale being labeled in both degrees Celsius and degrees Fahrenheit and of the potential evapotranspiration scale being labeled in both centimeters and inches.
Reversal by acupuncture of cardiovascular depression induced with morphine during halothane anaesthesia in dogs.

The cardiovascular effects of morphine sulphate and/or acupuncture by means of electrocautery at Jen Chung (Go-26) were studied in 35 dogs. All animals were maintained under anaesthesia with halothane 0.75 per cent supplemented by the intravenous administration of succinylcholine to allow controlled ventilation during a two hour period of monitoring. Cardiac output, stroke volume, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, central venous pressure, total peripheral resistance, [H+] (pH) PaC02, Pa02 and base deficit were measured in each dog.
X-ray optics for X-ray laser research applications

State of the art capabilities in soft X-ray lenses, multilayer mirrors, beamsplitters, and synthetically generated holograms are reviewed. Application of these capabilities in recent X-ray laser cavity experiments, and to the development of a soft X-ray interferometer and a high intensity (≥10 13 watt/cm 2 ) soft X-ray laser are discussed
A small field for fertile science: the low visibility of reproductive science in high impact journals

Purpose Our success as a field and as individuals in reproductive science and medicine relies on our ability to produce high quality work that has broad visibility and impact. A common metric for assessing such success is the quantity of publications that are published in journals with high impact factors. It is unclear, however, how frequently work related to reproductive science and medicine actually appears in what are considered the highest impact journals.
The stresses in a face-centered cubic single crystal under uniaxial tension

Finite element method (FEM) analysis was employed to examined the effect of end constraints on elastic and elasto-plastic stress and strain nonuniformities which develop in Cu single crystals. When no end constraints are applied, stresses are uniformly distributed throughout the specimen. Under end constraints, nonuniformities develop which can extend over considerable portions of the specimen and are strongly dependent on the ratio of diameter to length and on orientation. Results indicate that stress and strain nonuniformities are likely to be most significant for fatigue testing of single crystals.
Update on Screening for Lung Cancer

Prognosis of lung cancer is markedly improved when cancers are resected in early stages (particularly in stage I). Previous investigations failed to show benefit with use of chest radiographs or sputum cytologies to screen for lung cancer among high-risk populations. More recently, computed tomography (CT) has been used as a screening technique and appears to detect lung cancer at earlier stages (e.g., stage I) compared with usual clinical practice. However, whether screening CT reduces death from lung cancer has not been clarified. This review examines the problem presented by lung cancer, the issues presented by screening, and the results of past and recent studies of lung cancer screening.
The Role of Basic, Self-Conscious and Self-Conscious Evaluative Emotions in Children’s Memory and Understanding of Emotion

In past research, emotion has been classified as basic, self-conscious or self-conscious evaluative, with each type of emotion being progressively more difficult for children to understand (Lewis, M. (2000a). In M. Lewis & J. M. Haviland-Jones (Eds.), Handbook of emotions (2nd ed., pp. 265–280), New York, NY: The Guilford Press). Although researchers have examined children’s understanding of individual emotions (e.g., guilt), researchers have not assessed children’s understanding and memory for emotions based on this classification. In the present research, 6-, 8- and 10-year-old children’s memory and understanding of basic, self-conscious and self-conscious evaluative emotions were examined. Although a memory advantage was found for emotions, this effect was less so for the younger children and less so for non-basic emotions. In fact, 6-year-old children and, to a lesser extent 8-year-old children, were more likely than older children to recall self-conscious and self-conscious evaluative emotions with basic emotion labels, and were more likely to explain them using basic emotion labels. Overall, negative emotions (e.g., mad, guilt) were better recalled than positive emotions (e.g., happy, pride), regardless of type of emotion. Gender differences were found as girls were more likely to remember emotion than boys, especially when the emotion action was specifically labeled and a female character experienced it.
Intrinsic isotope effects on benzylic hydroxylation by the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases: evidence for hydrogen tunneling, coupled motion, and similar reactivities.

Deuterium kinetic isotope effects for hydroxylation of the methyl group of 4-methylphenylalanine have been used as a probe of the relative reactivities of the hydroxylating intermediates in the aromatic amino acid hydroxylases phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan hydroxylase. When there are three deuterium atoms in the methyl group, all three enzymes exhibit an intrinsic isotope effect of about 13. The temperature dependence of the isotope effect is consistent with moderate tunneling, with the extent of tunneling identical for all three enzymes. In the case of phenylalanine hydroxylase, the presence of the regulatory domain has no effect on the values. The intrinsic primary and secondary isotope effects were determined using 4-methylphenylalanine containing one or two deuterium atoms in the methyl group. With one deuterium atom, the intrinsic primary and secondary effects have average values of 10 and 1.1, respectively. With two deuterium atoms, the primary effects decrease to 7.4 and the secondary eff...
Quantum mechanical image potential theory

We present a quantum-mechanical image-potential theory by determining analytically the Kohn-Sham (KS) exchange-correlation potential ${v}_{\mathrm{xc}}(z)$ in the classically forbidden region of the metal-vacuum interface. The asymptotic structure of the image potential is determined to be $\ensuremath{-}({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{KS,x}+1/4)/z,$ where ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{KS,x}$ depends upon the Fermi energy and barrier height of the metal. The structure is obtained from exact expressions derived for ${v}_{\mathrm{xc}}(\mathbf{r})$ in the asymptotic region in terms of the electron self-energy. The KS exchange potential is determined as ${v}_{x}(z)\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{KS,x}/z,$ thereby confirming previous work. The correlation part of the self-energy employed is that of the plasmon-pole approximation, and leads to the KS correlation potential ${v}_{c}(z)\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{-}1/(4z).$ The quantum image potential derived therefore, differs from the commonly accepted classical form of $\ensuremath{-}1/(4z).$ The import of this result to both the theory of image states and the density-functional theory is also discussed.
Investigating retailer product category pricing from household scanner panel data

Abstract A growing body of industrial organization literature has directed attention to using the household level logit model, aggregated to the firm level, as the firm's demand function in order to study markets with differentiated products. Such models, however, have ignored the role played by the channel intermediaries, i.e., the retailer, in setting retail prices. In this paper, we study optimal retailer product category pricing policies where the retailer's objective is to maximize total category profits, and show how household scanner panel data can be used to determine these optimal prices. The empirical results obtained from analyzing the AC Nielsen yogurt data base reveals that the retailer's category profit maximizing markups are brand specific and simplified pricing rules such as an across-the-board constant markup can be suboptimal. We also find that there are significant interactions between the optimal prices and the retailer's decision to promote brands using feature advertisements. Additionally, we find that promoting different brands of yogurt are not equally attractive, and the retailer can be better off negotiating for different types of trade promotions (marginal cost reduction vs. payment of fixed sum) with the different manufacturers. Finally, by comparing these optimal retailer pricing rules to those obtained based on aggregate store-level sales data, we show that for purposes of normative analyses, using the household-level logit model aggregated to the brand level is theoretically and/or empirically superior to certain familiar aggregate specifications such as the constant-elasticity and linear demand models.
In-plane intercalate dynamics in alkali-metal graphite intercalation compounds

Inelastic-neutron-scattering methods have been used to investigate the vibrational spectra of the alkali-metal atoms in M${\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{x}}$ compounds, where M=K, Rb, or Cs, and x=8, 24, or 36. Partial phonon densities of states have been determined, in which only in--basal-plane modes associated with the M atoms are represented. The physical origin of M-M forces is discussed. In-plane Debye-Waller factors for the intercalate atoms have been calculated from the observed spectra. For the stage-2 compounds ${\mathrm{KC}}_{24}$ and ${\mathrm{RbC}}_{24}$, and for the stage-1 compound ${\mathrm{RbC}}_{8}$, detailed measurements of the temperature dependence have been carried out, in order to study the influence of the order-disorder phase transformations which occur, respectively, at 123, 162, and 745 K. Only relatively subtle effects of the phase changes were observed, and the time scale of diffusion in the disordered phases is much longer than that of vibrations, unlike the case of real three-dimensional liquid metals.
Mining Non-derivable Hypercliques

Hyper cliques have been successfully applied in a number of applications, e.g. clustering and noise removal. A hyper clique is an item set containing items that are strongly correlated with each other. Even though hyper cliques have been shown to handle datasets with skewed support distribution and low support threshold well, they might still face problems for dense datasets and lower h-confidence threshold. In this paper, we propose a new pruning method based on combining hyper cliques and Non-Derivable Item sets (NDIs) in order to substantially reduce the amount of generated hyper clique sets. Specifically, we propose a new collection of hyper cliques, called Non-Derivable Hyper cliques (NDHC), and present an efficient algorithm to mine these sets, called NDHC Miner. The proposed NDHC collection is a loss less representation of hyper cliques, i.e., given the item sets in NDHC, we can generate the complete collection of hyper cliques and their support, without additional scanning of the dataset. We experimentally compare NDHC with Hyper cliques (HC), as well as another condensed representation of hyper cliques, maximal hyper cliques (MHP). Our experiments show that the NDHC collection offers substantial advantages over HC, and even MHP, especially for dense datasets and lower h-confidence threshold values.
How Public Are We? Coverage of Sociology by the Associated Press

The recent and prolific attention to public sociology has involved a great deal of theoretical debate about its merits, flaws, and potential future within the discipline. Despite the loud call for becoming more public, existing research on the discipline lacks both an empirical understanding of where we are as well as a methodological rubric to guide future inquiry. This project explores one outlet for public sociology—the press—as a starting point for this line of research. Through an investigation of Associated Press stories featuring sociology and sociologists, we seek to provide a baseline for consideration of public sociology efforts by describing the current state of how our discipline and its members are portrayed in the press. Further, based on our findings we provide some insights for future research.
Reflection of Mercury from Alkali Halide Crystals

The distribution of mercury atoms scattered from NaCl, KCl, KBr and KI has been studied by means of an ionization gauge as a function of the angle of incidence and temperatures of scatterer and incident beam. The following facts are observed for the first three crystals: (1) There is a directed beam whose deviation from a specular position increases at smaller glancing angles. (2) The angle between the crystal surface and the direction of maximum intensity in the directed beam becomes less for lower crystal temperature and higher beam temperatures. (3) The relative number of atoms scattered at random increases with decrease in crystal temperature. (4) The directed beam becomes more sharply defined at lower crystal temperatures. Within the limits of error of the present experiments no discernible change is produced by rotation of the scattering crystal about an axis perpendicular to the plane of its face. The above facts are shown to be, qualitatively at least, consistent with a space-grating theory of reflection. In the case of KI the scattering was entirely random, i.e., according to the cosine law. This is also true for scattering by glass.
Neutron Capture Data at Stellar Temperatures

Neutron capture cross sections are averaged over Maxwell-Boltzmann neutron distributions for temperatures pertinent to slow nucleosynthesis ($s$ process) in red giant stars. Such cross sections, together with isotopic abundances, provide the major quantitative experimental tests of the theory. The cross sections are tabulated at convenient intervals from $kT=5$ keV to $kT=90$ keV where data are available. In many cases it has been possible to supplement the often fragmentary (as of June 1964) data with evidence from nuclear systematics.
Maximum wave power absorption by slender bodies of arbitrary cross sections in oblique seas

Abstract Published results for the maximum wave power absorption by slender bodies subjected to vertical deformations are extended. To this end, a more general form of the Kochin function is derived for floating or submerged slender bodies of arbitrary (asymmetric) cross sections undergoing vertical or horizontal deformations. The Kochin function allows a determination of the theoretical maximum wave power absorption in oblique seas. It is shown that in beam seas, two-dimensional limits can be recovered when the slender body length tends to infinity. This establishes a formal continuity in behavior from attenuators (head seas) to terminators (beam seas). The wavelike vertical and horizontal deformations of a flexible body, as well as the hinge motions of an articulated raft are also considered in oblique seas. In the former case, results suggest an equivalence between the maximum absorption width of bodies with symmetric cross sections and two degrees of freedom, and that of bodies with optimal cross sections and one degree of freedom. Overall, the potential for significant wave power absorption from horizontal motions is also demonstrated.
Coderivative Analysis of Variational Systems

The paper mostly concerns applications of the generalized differentiation theory in variational analysis to Lipschitzian stability and metric regularity of variational systems in infinite-dimensional spaces. The main tools of our analysis involve coderivatives of set-valued mappings that turn out to be proper extensions of the adjoint derivative operator to nonsmooth and set-valued mappings. The involved coderivatives allow us to give complete dual characterizations of certain fundamental properties in variational analysis and optimization related to Lipschitzian stability and metric regularity. Based on these characterizations and extended coderivative calculus, we obtain efficient conditions for Lipschitzian stability of variational systems governed by parametric generalized equations and their specifications.
Regions Make the World Go Around

A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium. By Peter J. Katzenstein Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2005. 320 pp., $49.94 cloth (ISBN: 0-8014-4359-8), $22.95 paper (ISBN: 0-8014-7275-X). With such a distinguished track record of producing important books, few readers will be surprised to hear that Peter Katzenstein has published another one. Even when compared with such classics as Between Power and Plenty (Katzenstein 1978), Small States in World Markets (Katzenstein 1985), or The Culture of National Security (Katzenstein 1996), many scholars will regard A World of Regions: Asia and Europe in the American Imperium as his magnum opus. This book assembles the pieces of the large puzzle that Katzenstein has been developing in more than a dozen books, articles, and book chapters over the last decade. Empirically rich, analytically sharp, and theoretically sophisticated, nearly every page sparkles with insight. Yet, the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. Perhaps most impressive is that this “big think” book, unlike most canonical works in international relations, is accomplished without a wisp of intellectual imperialism. It is instead the showcase of an approach that Katzenstein describes as “analytical eclecticism” (p. 41). As a theoretical statement, it is on par with the work of other masters of hybridity in international relations, such as Hedley Bull. It is no coincidence that Katzenstein invokes Bull's (1977) classic in both his introduction (p. 1) and conclusion (p. 245). Like Bull, whose wide appeal comes from a chameleon-like ability to fit into multiple theoretical camps (realists and neoliberal institutionalists recognize Bull as one of their own, and constructivists see him as an early prototype), Katzenstein articulates a hybrid theoretical model. He draws on materialist, ideational, and behavioral approaches (such as Karl Deutsch's “transaction” model). Theoretical pluralism affords nuance and depth in untangling complex causal stories, and A World of Regions addresses several such stories: how identity shapes understandings of geography, the connections between powerful regional core states and emergent forms of institutionalization, and …
Helicity, membrane incorporation, orientation and thermal stability of the large conductance mechanosensitive ion channel from E. coli

In this report, we present structural studies on the large conductance mechanosensitive ion channel (MscL) from E. coli in detergent micelles and lipid vesicles. Both transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicate that the protein is highly helical in detergents as well as liposomes. The secondary structure of the proteins was shown to be highly resistant towards denaturation (25-95 degrees C) based on an ellipticity thermal profile. Amide H+/D+ exchange was shown to be extensive (ca. 66%), implying that two thirds of the protein are water accessible. MscL, reconstituted in oriented lipid bilayers, was shown to possess a net bilayer orientation using dichroic ratios measured by attenuated total-reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Here, we present and discuss this initial set of structural data on this new family of ion-channel proteins.
Being Mindful about the Assessment of Culture: A Cultural Analysis of Culturally Adapted Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy Approaches.

Abstract In this article we review a wide range of cultural adaptations of acceptance-based behavior therapies (ABBT) from a cultural perspective. Consistent with the cultural match model, we argue that psychotherapeutic cultural adaptations are more effective as the cultural characteristics of patients are matched to the cultural characteristics of the intervention. Cultural match model is then used to examine ABBT cultural adaptations. Overall we conclude that the studies herein included are a promising first step to develop culturally competent ABBTs.
Detailed simulation of a real world job shop with subassembly requirements

A highly-detailed model of a furniture manufacturing plant was constructed to evaluate the effects of various proposed changes and as a long term planning tool. As it turns out, this plant and model have many features of the general class of low- technology job shops with extensive subassembly: poor scheduling, bottlenecks, which are expensive to cure, and an inadequate knowledge of automation. Salient features of this study are the large size and complexity of the model and the diversity it contains. The plant seems to be typical of a low-technology job shop, and the model has the attribute of being about as realistic as can be expected of a simulation.This paper presents the results of validat ing (matching) the plant and the simulation. Extensive studies which quantify the scheduling priorities are then presented, and some new measures of performance are suggested and evaluated. Further studies on bottleneck removal and adding automation clearly indicate the costs and benefits to the plant. All of thes...
Interpositional Microvascular Vein Grafting

The application of interpositional microvascular vein grafting in replantation surgery, a detailed account of the technique developed and utilised in the microvascular research and training laboratory, and clinical experience with this technique are described. Vein grafting is of particular value to eliminate tension in anastomoses, bridge vascular defects, and has made feasible the salvage of severe crushing and avulsion amputation in the hand.
Postpartum corticosteroids : accelerated recovery from the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets (HELLP)

Objective: Because most morbidity and mortality associated with atypical preeclampsia and the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets is a postpartum phenomenon, we undertook this investigation to evaluate the use of high-dose corticosteroids to minimize maternal morbidity and accelerate postpartum recovery in patients with this form of severe preeclampsia. Study Design: Into this prospective, randomized study 40 parturients with the syndrome were recruited. The syndrome was defined by a clinical presentation consistent with a diagnosis of severe preeclampsia or eclampsia in addition to laboratory evidence of hemolysis, hepatic dysfunction, and thrombocytopenia. Immediately post partum 20 parturients assigned to the treatment group received four doses of intravenous dexamethasone at 12-hour intervals (10 mg, 10 mg, 5 mg, 5 mg) over 36 hours. Patients assigned to the control group received no corticosteroids. All study subjects were intensively monitored by mean arterial pressure and urinary output every 2 hours, hematocrit and platelet count every 6 hours. and lactic dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase every 12 hours for the first 48 hours post partum. Results: The steroid-treated group with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets had significant changes over time in mean arterial pressure, urinary output, platelet count, lactic dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase versus the control group with the syndrome. Relative to the control group, the mean arterial pressure became significantly decreased at 22 hours in the steroid-treated group ( p p p p p Conclusions: In association with high-dose corticosteroid administration, parturients with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelets recovered from the disease process more rapidly than did control subjects, as measured by urinary output, mean arterial pressure, platelet count, lactic dehydrogenase, and aspartate aminotransferase. In this disease process, which has significant associated morbidity and mortality, especially in patients with advanced cases, high-dose corticosteroid therapy appears to significantly hasten recovery and lessen the severity of the disease post partum. We postulate that use of this therapeutic approach in properly selected patients could result in lessened overall maternal morbidity and mortality, shorter patient stays in recovery and intensive-care areas, and shorter overall hospitalization with reduced medical care costs.
Ambiguities in the optical potential for strongly absorbed projectiles

The origin of the discrete ambiguities that exist in the parameters of the optical model for 10 to 30 Mev deuteron scattering is explained, and it is pointed out that these ambiguities persist for other energies and other strongly absorbed projectiles such as He 3, He 4, and heavier ions. Optical model predictions for the scattering of 11.8-Mev deuterons from Zr and 43-Mev alpha particles from Ni58 are used as an illustration of the ambiguities.
Coronary flow reserve assessment by dobutamine transesophageal doppler echocardiography

AbstractObjectives. This study attempted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of coronary flow reserve derived using transesophageal echocardiography for left anterior descending coronary a...
OTR Techniques: II

The following techniques are discussed in this chapter and are applied to practical situations: ■ Breaking up \box255 in the OTR into individual lines by means of the \lastxx commands. ■ Identifying individual lines or paragraphs to the OTR by means of \rightskip, \parshape, or the depth of \box255. ■ Attaching very small amounts of \kern to certain lines of text, to identify those lines to the OTR as special. ■ Placing large negative penalties at certain points in the document. This has the effect of invoking the OTR at those points. The OTR does not have to ship out anything. ■ Attaching very small vboxes below certain lines, to identify them to the OTR as special lines that require special treatment. ■ Using marks. This is a common OTR technique. ■ Using a 2-pass technique where, in the first pass, certain information is written on a file, to be read by the second pass. Certain complex problems may even call for a multipass job.
Acute hepatitis and bleeding possibly induced by zidovudine and ritonavir in an infant with HIV infection.

Acute hepatitis led to abnormal coagulopathy, bleeding, and death in a nonhemophiliac infant infected with the human immunodeficiency virus, possibly due to zidovudine or ritonavir or both. Acute hepatitis during ritonavir treatment and episodes of spontaneous bleeding have been reported in patients with hemophilia. Zidovudine is associated with elevated liver enzymes, elevated bilirubin, and hepatomegaly leading to abnormal coagulopathy, bleeding, and death in adults. A temporal relationship between the start of combination antiretroviral therapy and onset of hepato-splenomegaly and rise in liver enzymes suggests that zidovudine or ritonavir, or both, are the likely cause of this adverse event. Ritonavir is believed to cause direct hepatotoxicity, probably by inducing acute mitochondrial toxicity, and may hasten reverse transcriptase inhibitor-induced liver toxicity. Liver function of patients receiving a combination of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor and protease inhibitors should be closely monitored.
Feeding-season production in the desert millipede Orthoporus ornatus (Girard) (Diplopoda).

Production during an assumed 131-day feeding season in 1974 was estimated for Orthoporus ornatus between 4.0 and 12.0 mm in midsegment width at Tornillo Flat, Big Bend National Park, Texas.
Concurrent Fetal Exposure to Multiple Environmental Chemicals along the U.S.—Mexico Border: An Exploratory Study in Brownsville, Texas

There is mounting concern that cumulative exposure to diverse chemicals in the environment may contribute to observed adverse health outcomes in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. To investigate this situation, biomarker concentrations of organochlorine (OC) pesticides/metabolites, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in maternal and umbilical cord blood from pregnant Hispanic women in Brownsville, TX. Results show that both mothers and fetuses were exposed concurrently to a variety of relatively low-level, hazardous environmental chemicals. Approximately 10% of the blood specimens had comparatively high concentrations of specific OC pesticides, PCBs and PAHs. Because many pregnant women in Brownsville live in socioeconomically-disadvantaged and environmentally-challenging circumstances, there is appropriate concern that exposure to these exogenous substances, either individually or in combination, may contribute to endemic health problems in this population, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, and diabetes. The challenge is to identify individuals at highest comparative risk and then implement effective programs to either prevent or reduce cumulative exposures that pose significant health-related threats.
Water fog stream heat radiation attenuation

Tests indicate that water fog streams are effective in attenuating radiant heat. It is suggested, therefore, that such fog patterns be used for fire fighter protection and be considered a part of the fire fighter's environment when specifications for protective clothing systems are developed.
Theory of Cyclotron Resonance in Metals

Azbel' and Kaner have shown that a cyclotron resonance phenomenon is possible in a metal under extreme anomalous skin-effect conditions when the magnetic field is parallel to the metal surface. Here the correct form of the surface impedance is deduced in a more simple way by using the "ineffectiveness concept" of Pippard. An approximate criterion is also established for how nearly parallel to the surface the magnetic field must be. When the oscillating electric field is not parallel to the constant magnetic field, it produces a polarization of the charge distribution in the metal, and it is shown that this effect does not destroy the resonance in contrast to the situation in semiconductors.
A Simple Mathematical Relationship among k-Class Estimators

Abstract A simple mathematical relationship among k-class estimators is demonstrated when a regression equation in a simultaneous system involves the regression of an endogenous variable (y 0) on exogenous variables (x 1, …, xλ) and on a single endogenous “independent” variable (y 1). The relation is that given any set of observations on the relevant variables, we can calculate a constant k* and set of constants b 1*, ci *, hb 1, and hci (i = 1, …, λ) such that any estimated coefficients b 1 and ci are related to the value of k corresponding to the estimating procedure by rectangular hyperbolas and where b 1 is an estimated coefficient on y 1 and ci an estimated coefficient on xi (i = 1, …, λ). The relationship discloses several important properties of k-class estimators and also suggests a series of new important Monte Carlo studies.
Clinical efficacy of newer agents in short-duration therapy for community-acquired pneumonia

Streptococcus pneumoniae, the most important respiratory tract pathogen implicated in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), is becoming increasingly resistant in vitro to the beta -lactams and macrolides, and fluoroquinolone resistance has been detected. A growing body of evidence suggests that prolonged antimicrobial use may contribute directly and indirectly to increased antimicrobial resistance among common respiratory pathogens. Long-term exposure to antimicrobial agents, especially less-potent agents, directly increases selection pressure for resistance. Indirectly, poor patient compliance, multiple daily dosing, and the increased risk of adverse events further complicate the resistance issue and diminish the efficacy of long-term antimicrobial use. Controlled clinical trials addressing the appropriate duration of therapy for CAP are lacking. However, available data suggest that with appropriate antibiotic selection, based on appropriate spectrum, potency, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile, lower respiratory tract infections in outpatients can be successfully treated in <7 days rather than the 7-14 days currently recommended.
Low energy electron diffraction studies of the surfaces of molecular crystals (ice, ammonia, naphthalene, benzene)

Abstract Low Energy Electron Diffraction (LEED) has been used to study the surface structures of thin films of molecular crystals. The samples were grown epitaxially on metal single crystal substrates at low temperatures. Both Pt(111) and Ag(111) surfaces were used as substrates in order to identify the influence of the substrate on molecular film structure. Previous observations of ice (0001) and naphthalene (001) surfaces on films grown on Pt(111) substrates [Surface Sci. 55 (1976) 413], were confirmed using the Ag(111) substrate. The NH3(111) and benzene (111) surfaces were also studied on films grown on either substrate. All observed molecular crystal surfaces showed no evidence of surface reconstruction. To minimize sample charging and electron beam induced damage, LEED experiments were performed on samples of thickness less than 10−102 nm, with low energy electron exposures less than 1 C cm−2. The maximum thickness and exposure values were characteristic of the particular molecular crystal. The relationship between the structure of the initial adsorbed monolayer and the molecular crystal orientation is discussed.
Long-term plasticity in the regulation of olfactory bulb activity by centrifugal fibers from piriform cortex.

Olfactory bulb granule cells are activated synaptically via two main pathways. Mitral/tufted (M/T) cells form dendrodendritic synapses on granule cells that can be activated by antidromic stimulation of the lateral olfactory tract (LOT). Centrifugal fibers originating from the association fiber (AF) system in piriform cortex (PC) make axodendritic synapses on granule cells within the granule cell layer (GCL) that can be activated by orthodromic stimulation of AF axons in the PC. We explored functional plasticity in the AF pathway by recording extracellularly from individual M/T cells and presumed granule cells in male Long–Evans rats under urethane anesthesia while testing their response to LOT and AF stimulation. Presumed granule cells driven synaptically by LOT stimulation (type L cells) were concentrated in the superficial half of the GCL and were activated at short latencies, whereas those driven synaptically by AF stimulation (type A cells) were concentrated in the deep half of the GCL and were activated at longer latencies. Type A cells were readily detected only in animals in which the AF input to the GCL had been previously potentiated by repeated high-frequency stimulation. An additional bout of high-frequency stimulation administered under urethane caused an immediate increase in the number of action potentials evoked in type A cells by AF test stimulation and a concomitant increase in inhibition of M/T cells. These results underscore the importance of the role played in olfactory processing by PC regulation of OB activity and document the long-lasting potentiation of that regulation by repeated high-frequency AF activation.
Solubility of anthracene in binary (2-alkoxyethanol + 2-alkoxyethanol) solvent mixtures

Abstract Experimental solubilities are reported for anthracene dissolved in binary (2-methoxyethanol + 2-ethoxyethanol), (2-methoxyethanol + 2-propoxyethanol), (2-butoxyethanol + 2-methoxyethanol), (2-propoxyethanol + 2-ethoxyethanol), (2-butoxyethanol + 2-ethoxyethanol), and (2-butoxyethanol + 2-propoxyethanol) solvent mixtures at T = 298.15 K. Results of these measurements are used to test two mathematical representations based upon the combined Nearly Ideal Binary Solvent (NIBS)/Redlich-Kister equation and Modified Wilson mode. For the six systems studied, both equations were found to provide an accurate mathematical representation of the experimental results, with an overall average absolute deviation between measured and calculated values of the order of 0.3 per cent or less.
All-optical clock recovery using injection mode-locked laser diodes

ABSTRACTSemiconductor laser diodes may play an important role in synchronous optical networks as sources of optical modelocked pulse trains with robust timing stability. In this paper, it is demonstrated how injection modelocked semiconductor lasers can be used in all-optical clock recovery systems.Experimental measurement of clock recovery dynamics shows that these devices offer robust clock recovery with low injected data power (< 6uW), large repetition rate locking bandwidth (2.91O fractionalbandwidth), and small timing jitter (< 93 fi). Clocking from an injected data stream at l/5O the clockingrepetition rate is demonstrated. 2. INTRODUCTION Photonic networks are well suited for high speed data networks and high speed signal processingdue to the inherent large bandwidth of optical frequencies and the reduced effects of electromagneticinterference and dispersion. One of the most critical components of any high speed optical network is thetiming signal, or clock, which typically consists of a train of short optical pulses separated in time by theclock period of the data network. It is desirable to use all-optical methods to generate the clocking signalto avoid the speed limitations of electronic techniques.Modelocked external cavity semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) lasers are an attractive source
Dust collector explosions: A quantitative hazard evaluation method

Abstract A methodology is presented to evaluate the explosion hazard of typical bag and cartridge dust collectors. The evaluation accounts for the expected development of suspended dust concentrations greater than the dust MEC during the normal pulsing of the bags or cartridges to remove part of the attached dust. Equations are presented to calculate these concentrations and also the associated partial volume explosion pressures resulting from the ignition of these dust clouds. Five quantitative examples are presented. The methodology also includes considerations of potential upset condition full volume explosions associated with the detachment of about half the dust on the bags or cartridges. A flow chart is offered to implement this hazard evaluation method for special situations in which the need for dust explosion protection may not be obvious.
Discovering chemical modifiers of oncogene-regulated hematopoietic differentiation

It has been proposed that inhibitors of an oncogene's effects on multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation may change the properties of the leukemic stem cells and complement the clinical use of cytotoxic drugs. Using zebrafish, we developed a robust in vivo hematopoietic differentiation assay that reflects the activity of the oncogene AML1-ETO. Screening for modifiers of AML1-ETO-mediated hematopoietic dysregulation uncovered unexpected roles of COX-2- and beta-catenin-dependent pathways in AML1-ETO function. This approach may open doors for developing therapeutics targeting oncogene function within leukemic stem cells.
Fungal left ventricular assist device endocarditis.

Abstract Background . Infection remains as the most serious complication and represents a significant threat to patients during long-term mechanical circulatory support. Fungal infection is a particularly worrisome complication and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) endocarditis does pose a serious threat. Methods . One hundred and sixty-five patients underwent TCI Heartmate LVAD implantation between July 1991 and December 1999 at our institution. Detailed medical records were kept prospectively for all patients, and a variety of infection-related endpoints were analyzed on patients with fungal LVAD endocarditis. Results . Thirty-seven patients (22%) developed fungal infections during LVAD support. Five (3%) of those met our criteria for the diagnosis of fungal LVAD endocarditis. Microbial portals of entry were identifiable in all cases. Infections were managed successfully in 4 patients (80%). Conclusions . The successful management of fungal LVAD endocarditis currently requires early recognition of potentially nonspecific signs and symptoms, and timely institution of antifungal therapy. In some cases with device-specific manifestations of LVAD endocarditis, device removal and replacement is necessary. In patients with clinical manifestations of sepsis and fungal driveline site or pocket infections without positive blood culture, urgent transplantation may be the appropriate management. In the setting of shortage in the donor supply, device removal and replacement is necessary.
Two approaches to on-line graphics systems

Abstract This article describes two types of software systems which provide an interface to users who wish to apply the power of interactive graphics to their specific problem. The systems are based on an 8K IMLAC PDS-1 minicomputer CRT display which provides sufficient processor power to handle display generation, management, and dynamic manipulation. The minicomputer software was first designed as an independent operating system which not only provides the user with high-speed timesharing access to the host computer, but also the resources of the local processor and its associated input/output devices. In this configuration, host compiled FORTRAN IV programs are loaded into the minicomputer through the timesharing link and executed independently from the host processor. A higher degree of processing is provided by the master-slave relationship between a local DEC PDP 11 40 minicomputer and the IMLAC. The user's FORTRAN IV program, executing in the PDP 11 40 , directs an IMLAC graphics subsystem through subroutine calls. These systems provide the programmer with a foundation for a broad range of high level applications involving computer graphics.
Induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress genes, BiP and chop, in genetic and environmental models of retinal degeneration.

PURPOSE. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has been observed in animal models of retinitis pigmentosa expressing P23H rhodopsin. We compared levels of tightly induced ER stress genes, Binding of immunoglobulin protein (BiP) and CCAAT/ enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (Chop) ,i n seven additional models of retinal degeneration arising from genetic or environmental causes. METHODS. Retinas from transgenic S334ter rhodopsin (lines 3, 4, and 5) and Royal College of Surgeons (RCS and RCS-pþ) rats from postnatal (P) days 10 to 120 were analyzed. In a constant light (CL) model of retinal degeneration, BALB/c mice were exposed to 15,000 lux of CL for 0 to 8 hours. Retinal tissues from three to eight animals per experimental condition were collected for histologic and molecular analyses. RESULTS. S334ter animals revealed significant increases in BiP, S334ter-3 (3.33 at P15), S334ter-4 (43 at P60), and S334ter-5 (2.23 at P90), and Chop, S334ter-3 (1.33 at P15), S334ter-4 (1.53 at P30), and S334ter-5 (no change), compared with controls. P23H-3 rats showed significant increase of BiP at P60 (2.33 )a ndChop (1.63). RCS and RCS-pþ rats showed significant increases in BiP at P60 (2.43) and P20 (1.83), respectively, but no statistically significant changes in Chop. BALB/c mice showed increases in BiP (1.53) and Chop (1.33) after 4 hours of CL. Increased levels of these ER stress markers correlated with photoreceptor cell loss. CONCLUSIONS. Our study reveals surprising increases in BiP and to a lesser degree Chop in retinal degenerations arising from diverse causes. We propose that manipulation of ER stress responses may be helpful in treating many environmental and heritable forms of retinal degeneration. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012;53:7590‐7599) DOI:10.1167/iovs.12-10221
Protein fouling of asymmetric and composite microfiltration membranes

Although many microfiltration membranes have asymmetric or composite structures, there is little understanding of the effects of this multilayer structure on fouling. A new model was developed that explicitly accounts for fluid flow through two layers: an upper layer with noninterconnected pores and a substructure with highly interconnected pores. Initial fouling occurs by pore blockage, with a cake layer then forming over those regions covered by foulant. Model calculations are in excellent agreement with experimental data for the filtrate flux and resistance during constant-pressure filtration of bovine serum albumin. The highly interconnected pores within the support structure reduce the rate of flux decline by shunting more fluid through the open pores. The extra resistance provided by the support also reduces the relative importance of the protein deposit. The results provide important insights into the effects of pore morphology on membrane fouling.
Differential Forms, Galerkin Duality, and Sparse Inverse Approximations in Finite Element Solutions of Maxwell Equations

We identify primal and dual formulations in the finite element method (FEM) solution of the vector wave equation using a geometric discretization based on differential forms. These two formulations entail a mathematical duality denoted as Galerkin duality. Galerkin-dual FEM formulations yield identical nonzero (dynamical) eigenvalues (up to machine precision), but have static (zero eigenvalue) solution spaces of different dimensions. Algebraic relationships among the degrees of freedom of primal and dual formulations are explained using a deep-rooted connection between the Hodge-Helmholtz decomposition of differential forms and Descartes-Euler polyhedral formula, and verified numerically. In order to tackle the fullness of dual formulation, algebraic and topological thresholdings are proposed to approximate inverse mass matrices by sparse matrices
Antiepileptic Drugs: Pharmacology and Mechanisms of Action

The rational therapeutic use of antiepileptic drugs requires a complete knowledge of their pharmacology. This includes understanding their absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion in the body (ADBE), their pharmacological and toxic effects, and their mechanisms of action.