cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intimate partner violence perpetrated by young adult women against men in Ukraine: examining individual, familial, and cultural factors

We examined the role of financial strain, parent-to-parent violence, parent-to-child violence, emotional distress, and alcohol use in intimate partner violence perpetrated by young adult women against men in Ukraine. The moderating role of acceptability of intimate partner violence and violence-related laws and regulations was also examined. Four hundred and six full-time female university students from four universities in Ukraine participated in the study. We found that emotional distress, parent-to-parent, and parent-to-child violence mediated the link between financial strain and intimate partner violence perpetrated by women on men. However, we found limited support for the moderating role of acceptability of intimate partner violence and violence-related laws and regulations in the relationship between individual and familial factors on intimate partner violence. The findings from this investigation suggest that there is a distinct need for supporting families and individuals in dealing with issues of intimate partner violence directed by women against men in Ukraine. Aggr. Behav. 42:380-393, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multiple Pulses in dE/dt and the Fine-Structure of E During the Onset of First Return Strokes in Cloud-to-Ocean Lightning

Abstract We have analyzed the fine-structure of 131 electric field ( E ) waveforms that were radiated during the onset of first return strokes in cloud-to-ocean lightning. The d E /d t waveforms were recorded using an 8-bit waveform digitizer sampling at 100 MHz, and the E waveforms were sampled at 10 MHz using a 10-bit digitizer. 49 (or 37%) of the d E /d t waveforms contain one or more large pulses within ± 1 μs of the largest (or dominant) peak in d E /d t , i.e. within an interval from − 1 μs to + 1 μs, where t = 0 μs is the time of the dominant peak, and 37 (or 28%) have one or more large pulses in the interval from 4 μs before to 1 μs before the dominant peak, i.e. − 4 μs to − 1 μs, and only the dominant peak within ± 1 μs . We give statistics on the amplitude and timing of d E /d t pulses that are near the dominant peak, and we show how the presence of these pulses adds considerable fine-structure to the shape of E int , the integrated d E /d t waveform, on a time-scale of tens to hundreds of nanoseconds. This fine-structure includes fast pulses near the beginning of the slow front, large pulses and shoulders within the slow front and during the fast-transition, and very narrow peaks in E int . Our overall conclusion is that the electromagnetic environment near the point(s) where lightning leaders attach to the surface is often more complicated than what would be produced by a single current pulse propagating up a single channel at the time of onset.
City‐Regions, Neoliberal Globalization and Democracy: A Research Agenda

This paper argues that research on city-regions could benefit from more sustained and critical attention to the question of democracy. That is, it should examine more closely how decisions in city-regions are made, why they are made that way, and how they can be made more democratically. Much current research on politics in cities has framed the issue in terms of citizenship. That work has produced great insight. However, the attention to citizenship has prompted very little attention to democracy, even though the two concepts are deeply intertwined. Current interest in city-regions opens up the possibility that a vibrant line of research on democracy can be added to and engage with that on citizenship.
Early Grade School Children's Liking of Script and Suspense Story Structures

The structural-affect theory of stories was used to predict that young grade school children prefer narratives that involve suspense to those that fail to stimulate a pleasant affective response. Suspense stories, scripts (narratives that described a mundane event sequence), and scripts with added excitement (scripts with nonintegrated exciting events) were read to children of three ages: kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. Children indicated their liking of the stories in three ways: (a) a 7-point rating scale, (b) a ranking of the three types from most liked to least liked, and (c) choosing one of the three as the story they would most prefer to hear read to them at a later date. The prediction that suspense stories would be best liked was confirmed. For the rating scale measure, only second graders reliably liked suspense stories more than plain scripts. For the ranking measure, both first and second graders reliably liked suspense stories best. Finally, for the preference measure, all three age groups reliably liked the suspense stories best. These results support the structural-affect theory's contention that young children's story schemas begin to include the dimension of suspensefulne ss in story narratives.
Outstanding Papers From the Eastern Academy of Management and Eastern Academy of Management– International Conferences

This special issue comprises outstanding papers from the 2004 Eastern Academy of Management and Eastern Academy of Management–International conferences. Our introduction to the special issue discusses the selection and review process for the papers for the conferences and again for Group & Organization Management. We briefly describe the content of each paper.
Contour Line Recognition & Extraction from Scanned Colour Maps Using Dual Quantization of the Intensity Image

Automatic separation of the different layers of information in maps poses an immense challenge due to the heavy interconnectedness of these layers. This process is further complicated by the problem of mixed color pixels and aliasing induced by the scanning process. In this paper we present a new semiautomatic method to extract contour lines from scanned color images of topographic maps. In the proposed method, contour lines are removed from the image using a novel algorithm based on quantization of the intensity image followed by contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization. Unlike other interactive map feature extraction methods, in the proposed algorithm the user is involved in only one simple step of the feature extraction process and no prior knowledge about the underlying image processing steps is required. This method is incorporated as a .NET API plugin into ArcGIS (a commercially available Geographic Information System (GIS)) and its performance is tested on a number of graphics rich map samples of various sources.
Changing from Standard PICC Lines and Ports to Power-Injectable PICC and Ports

All health care providers want to give “quality” care to patients. But what does quality care really mean? Many quality terms are used interchangeably; however, the words all have slightly different meanings. A difference does exist between the words: total quality management, quality improvement, continuous quality improvement, process improvement, quality assurance, and quality control. Medical Imaging is a unique department because of the varying backgrounds of those staff employed within the department. Each staff member brings his or her own area of expertise when it comes to patient care, and because of this, quality promotion within the Medical Imaging Department is also unique. Making radiology staff aware of various quality projects and the data collected will help improve patient care quality within the Medical Imaging department. This poster defines the meaning of quality, explains the different terms associated with quality improvement, illustrates the importance of quality, and relates the goals of a quality program for Medical Imaging.
Medical Evaluation of Patients Preparing for an Esophagectomy

Despite important improvements in the multimodal treatment of upper gastrointestinal tumors in recent years, surgery is still the standard of care and the best way to cure and palliate patients with esophageal cancer. There has been significant improvement in both clinical oncologic staging and functional preoperative evaluation of patients in the last few decades. Despite improvements, esophagectomy is still associated with high operative risk. Diligent perioperative evaluation and risk stratification lead to better outcomes.
Built-In Self-Test for multipliers in Altera Cyclone II Field Programmable Gate Arrays

This paper describes a Built-In Self-Test (BIST) approach designed to verify the integrity of the embedded multiplier cores in Altera Cyclone II Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This approach uses an architecture independent test algorithm implemented with parameterized VHDL to support all FPGAs in the Cyclone II family. The BIST is capable of detecting faults within all of the multiplier's modes of operation in three downloads and can identify the location of faulty multiplier(s).1
Secure data communication in local area networks

A secure data exchange (SDE) protocol to provide data confidentiality for secure data communication between two authorized end user systems in an IEEE 802 Local Area Network (LAN) environment is presented. In the development of this protocol, the various primitives used and parameters included in them are given. Also, the secure transmission and reception of these primitives between peer layer entities of source and destination end user systems are presented to achieve data confidentiality security service. >
The Political Economy of Central Bank Intervention

This paper analyzes an exchange rate policy game between a central bank and rational speculators under symmetric information. The central bank tries to counteract shocks to the exchange rate by means of sterilized intervention working through the expectations channel. Private speculators resist being fooled. They anticipate the interventions. An “intervention bias” results with an inefficiently high equilibrium volume of intervention which does not reduce the impact of shocks to the exchange rate. The model implies that the more independent the central bank the smaller and the more consistent the intervention efforts. An empirical illustration lends some support to the model.
The Dilemma of Jurisprudence

Law, we are accustomed to say, comprises two elements. It is a body of obligatory rules of conduct, but it differs from other obligatory rules, such as moral precepts or the rules of a game, in that it is enforced by the state. On the one hand, law exists as a conceptual system of normative rules; on the other, it dwells as well in the realm of brute fact, where it is something that is "done" or enforced by the state. But here surely is a snake swallowing its own tail, for the state which concretizes law on the level of actuality is itself a creature of the realm of ideality: the state is meaningless except as a legal concept. What is needed is a treatment of law which will equate the actual practice of government with the conceptual system of rules that are obligatory, not merely upon citizens, but upon government as well. There seem to be good a priori reasons for believing that this cannot be done, and for believing, furthermore, that no definition of law in terms of either of the elements alone will be satisfactory. The American writers loosely grouped as "realistic" have made a thoroughgoing effort to solve the problem by omitting the normative element. With individual variations, these authors have argued that law is simply the behavior of the judge. Since the judge is a man, the law which he makes is a by-product of his personal existence, secreted, perhaps, as a result of a bad breakfast, as a pearl is secreted by an oyster. It is meaningless to talk of law as obligatory, or law as rule. Law is occurrence, on the simple level of fact, and it is not to be discussed in terms of obligation or validity, ideas which are the product of folklore or father-fixation. This position involves two distinct affirmations. The first is the contention that law is nothing more than the behavior of judges; the second, the assertion that all judicial behavior is law. Neither is tenable. Let us examine the proposition that law can be reduced to the behavior of judges. The objection arises that the very use of the term "judge" implies the normative scheme which the realists deny, for what marks off the judge from other men except that he occupies a preappointed place in a legal scheme? But it may be said that the judge is defined not by law but by function: one discovers who is a judge just as one discovers who is a milkman, by
Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of recombinant pteridine reductase of Trypanosoma cruzi.

The recombinant version of Trypanosoma cruzi pteridine reductase was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified to homogeneity from the soluble fraction of bacterial extract by metal-chelate affinity chromatography and crystallized in the presence of the cofactor (NADPH) and an inhibitor (methotrexate) at 295 K using sodium acetate as precipitant. The crystals are trigonal, belonging to space group P31 (or P32), with unit-cell parameters a = 74.35, c = 179.96 A under cryogenic conditions. The asymmetric unit contains a tetramer, with a corresponding VM of 2.3 A3 Da−1and a solvent content of 46%. Native data have been collected to 2.1 A resolution using Cu Kα X-rays.
Role of fluid shear stress in regulating VWF structure, function and related blood disorders

Von Willebrand factor (VWF) is the largest glycoprotein in blood. It plays a crucial role in primary hemostasis via its binding interaction with platelet and endothelial cell surface receptors, other blood proteins and extra-cellular matrix components. This protein is found as a series of repeat units that are disulfide bonded to form multimeric structures. Once in blood, the protein multimer distribution is dynamically regulated by fluid shear stress which has two opposing effects: it promotes the aggregation or self-association of multiple VWF units, and it simultaneously reduces multimer size by facilitating the force-dependent cleavage of the protein by various proteases, most notably ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type repeats, motif 1 type 13). In addition to these effects, fluid shear also controls the solution and substrate-immobilized structure of VWF, the nature of contact between blood platelets and substrates, and the biomechanics of the GpIbα-VWF bond. These features together regulate different physiological and pathological processes including normal hemostasis, arterial and venous thrombosis, von Willebrand disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and acquired von Willebrand syndrome. This article discusses current knowledge of VWF structure-function relationships with emphasis on the effects of hydrodynamic shear, including rapid methods to estimate the nature and magnitude of these forces in selected conditions. It shows that observations made by many investigators using solution and substrate-based shearing devices can be reconciled upon considering the physical size of VWF and the applied mechanical force in these different geometries.
Initial Treatment of Patients Who Present with Neurologic and/or Psychiatric Disease

From 1956 until the 1990s we essentially had one anticopper drug for Wilson’s disease—penicillamine (64). True, trientine was introduced in 1982 (51), but it was essentially a chelating substitute for penicillamine, to be used only in case of penicillamine toxicity. The medical mentality was very simple—you treated Wilson’s disease with penicillamine. There were no subtleties of using one kind of anticopper drug for one type of patient, and another drug for another type, or varying anticopper drugs for different phases of the disease. You used penicillamine, period. So engrained is that philosophy that fourteen years after we first published (62) on the 25% risk of permanent and severe worsening when penicillamine is used for initial treatment of neurological Wilson’s disease, most physicians still push the penicillamine treatment button when they see a case of Wilson’s disease, no matter the circumstances, neurological presentation or not. The same is true ten years after our first publication (59) on the use of tetrathiomolybdate (TM) as a remarkably effective initial therapy for this type of patient. The same is true four years after the FDA approval of zinc, and zinc is a far safer treatment for the acutely ill neurologic patient than penicillamine. So, Doctors, we now have additional choices of anticopper drugs. It’s time we did a little thinking before we treat a case of Wilson’s disease, and begin customizing our therapy for the patient.
Upper extremity disorders in a pork processing plant: relationships between job risk factors and morbidity.

Thirty-two jobs at a pork processing plant were semi-quantitatively analyzed in terms of their ergonomic characteristics, then classified as “hazardous” or “safe” in terms of potential risk for elbow or hand/wrist disorders. The spectrum, number, and incidence of such disorders occurring during the preceding 20 months were then compared to the job analyses and hazard classifications. There were 104 disorders associated with 15 job categories. The disorders included epicondylitis (24), nonspecific hand/wrist pain (41), carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) (21), trigger finger (12), trigger thumb (3), and DeQuervain's tenosynovitis (3). The strength demands of the jobs associated with morbidity were significantly greater than those of jobs without morbidity. Differences in wrist posture were less significant. Type of grasp and repetitiveness were not significantly different. Practically all morbidity (96%) was associated with the hazardous job categories and occurred with a characteristic pattern of co-morbidity. T...
Comparison of Nonpenetrating Titanium Clips versus Continuous Polypropylene Suture in Dialysis Access Creation

Background Nonpenetrating titanium surgical clips (clips) offer a theoretical advantage of inducing less intimal hyperplasia at an anastomosis because of less endothelial injury. Whether this translates into improved outcomes when used in the creation of arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) remains unclear. We sought to compare the maturation, patency, and failure rates of anastomoses created using traditional continuous polypropylene suture and clips. Methods All primary AVF created at a single Veterans Administration Medical Center were reviewed over a 6-year period. Anastomoses were created with either clips or suture based on surgeon preference. Patient characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected. Comparisons were made between the 2 groups. Results Over a 6-year period, 334 fistulas were created (29% suture and 71% clips) in 326 patients. The mean age was 64.8 ± 11 years with 98% males. Comorbidities included diabetes (70%), hypertension (96.1%), and tobacco use (52.9% previous or current). Approximately half the patients were predialysis. Comparison of patient characteristics showed no differences between the suture and clip groups. There was no significant difference in maturation rate (suture 79% versus clips 72%, P = 0.25), median time to maturation (suture 62 ± 35 versus clips 71 ± 13 days, P = 0.07), 1 year primary patency rate (suture 37.4% versus clips 39.6, P = 0.72), 1 year assisted primary patency rate (suture 82.4% versus clips 76.3%, P = 0.31), or overall failure rates (suture 62% versus clips 58%, P = 0.56). Median time to initial failure or reintervention was not significantly different in the clip group (suture 615 [range, 239–991] versus clips 812 [range, 635–989] days, P = 0.72). Conclusions Compared to traditional polypropylene suture creation of upper extremity AVFs, nonpenetrating clips had equivalent maturation, 1-year patency, and overall failure rates. Neither clips nor suture offers any clear advantage in the creation of AVF.
Capitalism and Democracy

In the course of the 20th century, capitalism and democracy became the prevailing models for problem solving in their respective spheres of activity, the economy and the polity.
Economic Institutional Change in Tokugawa Japan: Osaka and the Kinai Cotton Trade

List of tables List of maps Acknowledgments 1. Introduction 2. Tokugawa commerce: 1600-1720 3. Tokugawa commerce: 1720-1868 4. The Osaka cotton trade: establishment and consolidation 5. The Osaka cotton trade: institutional decline 6. Cotton cultivating and processing in the Kinai region 7. Changes in cotton marketing in the Kinai region 8. Conclusions Notes Bibliography Glossary Index.
Electrical injury of the cochlea of the guinea pig.

SummaryDirect, alternating and radio-frequency currents of 40 microamperes or more were passed between silver wire electrodes introduced in various positions within the guinea pig's cochlea. Irreversible depressions of electrical responses, both microphonic and action potentials were produced. Microscopic examination showed that two important mechanisms were a) necrosis due to heating and b) formation of bubbles by electrolysis or by heating. Reversible physiological effects can also be produced by weaker DC polarization.Two details of the bony anatomy that may be of electrophysiological significance are described.
Optical Detection of Polyacrylamide Swelling Behavior in a Porous Silicon Sensor

This work proves that a 1-D porous silicon (PSi) sensor is capable of monitoring the optical changes in a polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel that correlate with swelling capacity. The PSi device was impregnated with PAAm hydrogel with varying crosslinking density and total solids. The optical response of the PSi sensor was utilized to distinguish the changes in refractive index of hydrogels with varying cross-linking densities. Refractive index values calculated by the composite hydrogel-PSi sensor response agree well (≤1% difference) with values measured using a bench-top refractometer. This work serves to build a foundation for creating a composite biochemical-responsive hydrogel-PSi sensor in which competitive binding of a target analyte would cause a reduction in hydrogel cross-linking density. Long-term goals of this work are to exploit the volume sensitivity of a PSi sensor and leverage the added optical response of the responsive hydrogel to increase target detection sensitivity in an affinity based biosensor.
STROMAL CELLS REGULATE BCL-2 AND BAX EXPRESSION IN PRO-B CELLS

B lymphocyte production in the bone marrow depends on a cascade of regulatory cells and cytokines unique to the hematopoietic microenvironment. Fibroblastic stromal cells appear to be particularly important in regulating the earliest events in this lineage; however, it is still not clear whether the same or different sets of signals regulate maintenance of cell viability, proliferation, and differentiation of B lineage cells. In this study, we addressed the role of bone marrow stromal cells in survival and expansion of normal murine pro-B cells. Stromal cells were required for long-term proliferation of pro-B cell clone C1.92, and, in the presence of stromal cell line S10, pro-B cells expressed the proto-oncogene bcl-2. Removal of C1.92 cells from Stromal cell-derived signaling in support of pro-B cell viability. Due to its previously described role in regulating cell survival, we investigated whether stromal cells regulate bcl-2 expression in pro-B cells. When removed from stromal cell cultures, pro-B cells rapidly lost bcl-2 mRNA expression coincident with initiation of apoptosis. However, interruption of bcl-2 expression with antisense oligonucleotides in the presence of stroma and interleukin-7 (IL-7) did not result in immediate cell death. Oligonucleotide-treated cells arrested in G(1) phase of the cell cycle 24 hours before the initiation of apoptosis. In contrast, removal of pro-B cells from stromal cell support resulted in rapid increase in BAX expression, correlating directly with initiation of apoptosis. These results suggest that bcl-2 may, in part, regulate cell survival by interrupting the cascade of intracellular events that regulate cell cycle progression in lymphopoietic cells. Initiation of apoptosis in these cells appears to be more closely correlated with intracellular levels of BAX expression.
Construction of hexahedral elements mesh capturing realistic geometries of Bayou Choctaw SPR site

The three-dimensional finite element mesh capturing realistic geometries of Bayou Choctaw site has been constructed using the sonar and seismic survey data obtained from the field. The mesh is consisting of hexahedral elements because the salt constitutive model is coded using hexahedral elements. Various ideas and techniques to construct finite element mesh capturing artificially and naturally formed geometries are provided. The techniques to reduce the number of elements as much as possible to save on computer run time with maintaining the computational accuracy is also introduced. The steps and methodologies could be applied to construct the meshes of Big Hill, Bryan Mound, and West Hackberry strategic petroleum reserve sites. The methodology could be applied to the complicated shape masses for not only various civil and geological structures but also biological applications such as artificial limbs.
Pediatric Contact Lenses for Medical Indications

Infants and children with special refractive needs can benefit greatly from contact lens correction. Ocular conditions that may particularly require contact lens correction include infantile/childhood aphakia, high refractive error including high anisometropia, and posttraumatic or infectious corneal scarring. Careful clinical evaluation and proper education of the patient and parents for the use and care of contact lenses is crucial to a successful contact lens regimen. This chapter will provide a guide to recognize the medical indications for contact lens wear in children, to understand the contact lens design options that meet specific patient needs, and to develop a working knowledge of the basic concepts required to achieve a proper contact lens fit. Emphasis will be placed on the aphakic infant since this is a common application for the medical use of contact lenses in childhood.
Molecular Composition of Developing Glutamatergic Synapses

For synapses to form and become functional, hundreds of synaptic proteins must be recruited and precisely aligned at nascent sites of contact between axons and dendrites in the developing brain. Understanding the mechanisms that govern the recruitment and stabilization of proteins destined for the synapse is imperative to our understanding of the formation of synaptic connections, neuronal circuits, and, ultimately, brain function. Despite tremendous progress in our understanding of the molecular components critical for synaptic function, many fundamental questions, such as how these synaptic components arrive at a nascent synapse and what the molecular signals that control this process are, remain unanswered. In this chapter, current knowledge of the mechanisms that govern the trafficking and recruitment of synaptic proteins to newly forming glutamatergic synapses is discussed.
Objectivity and Ataraxia: Epicurean Gardens, a Stoic Porch and Skeptic Scales

Socrates’ lifetime spanned the Athenian Golden Age of Pericles, the construction of the Parthenon, and the devastating Peloponnesian wars with Sparta. His trial and death in 399 BCE can in part be credited to the instability and chaos in the city by the end of the fifth and beginning of the fourth centuries.
Effects of spatial extent

The study of interactions between nutrients and food webs is a complex matter even without taking into account the additional effects of movement in spatially heterogeneous landscapes. However, an understanding of the effects of the additional complexity resulting from spatial extent and heterogeneity is vital for understanding ecosystems.
Evolution of the design of a second generation FireWire based data acquisition system

Developing new detector designs for PET and SPECT imaging systems often leads to problems in adapting existing data acquisition electronics to the requirements for the new devices. As we developed depth-of-interaction detector designs based on both discrete crystal arrays (dMiCE) and monolithic crystals (cMiCE) concepts, we found that our previous electronics design was inadequate to the task and launched a design effort we have termed our Phase II electronics. The system is based on a basic card design (the Phase II board) that has a large field programmable gate array (FPGA) with sufficient static RAM to support a variety of pulse processing algorithms our group has developed - including timing estimation, pulse integration with pileup correction, and statistical estimation of the event location in the detector. The Phase II board can be configured to take on several roles, including a master/coincidence controller, an acquisition node handling up to 64 channels of analog data digitized at 65 MHz and one channel digitized at >300 MHz, an acquisition node supporting up to 64 serial data inputs (e.g., from devices like digital silicon photomultipliers), or as an acquisition node that takes in data from other Phase II boards in a star configuration to expand the number of detector modules the system can support. The current implementation is based on FireWire (limiting the total number of acquisition nodes directly connect to the bus to 62), but future versions are planned to support USB and PCIexpress. Here we report on the testing of the first prototype Phase II main board supporting a 64 channel cMiCE detector and describe the current development plans for the system.
AG-024322 is a multi-targeted CDK inhibitor with potent antitumor activity in vivo

4413 Deregulated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity is characterized by uncontrolled cell cycle progression, which is a hallmark of human cancer. AG-024322 is a multi-targeted (pan)-CDK inhibitor displaying potent inhibition of the cell cycle kinases CDK1, CDK2, and CDK4. In cellular assays AG-024322 inhibits phosphorylation of CDK substrates, causing induction of cell cycle arrest, broad-spectrum anti-proliferative activity and induction of apoptosis. In vivo experiments demonstrate that AG-024322 inhibits the growth of established human tumor xenografts of different origins. Significant anti-tumor efficacy was observed in 8 of the 9 tumor models tested, with tumor growth inhibition (TGI) ranging from 32% to 86.4%. In addition, the anti-tumor effects of AG-024322 are dose-dependent. At the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of 20 mg/kg, AG-024322 causes a 65% TGI in the MV522 tumor model, 52% TGI at 1/2 of the MTD and only slight anti-tumor activity at 1/4 of the MTD. Direct evidence that AG-024322 antitumor activity correlates with modulation of the target was obtained by monitoring the phosphorylation status of the substrate Retinoblastoma (Rb) protein in tumor tissue. There is a clear dose dependent reduction in the level of phospho-Rb795, and this inhibition of Rb phosphorylation in vivo shows a strong correlation with the dose-dependent inhibition of tumor growth. In addition, treatment with AG-024322 causes dose-dependent apoptosis in tumors in vivo, as assessed by TUNEL staining of the excised tumors. Similarly, staining for Ki67, a common marker of cell proliferation, is significantly reduced after administration of AG-02322 at MTD levels. The sum of the in vivo data demonstrates that AG-024322 displays broad-spectrum anti-tumor activity and clear target modulation in vivo, as demonstrated by inhibition of Rb phosphorylation, anti-proliferative staining, and induction of apoptosis. Moreover, the extent of target modulation correlates with drug exposure in the pharmacodynamic model.
Predictors of Hip Pain and Function in Femoroacetabular Impingement: A Prospective Cohort Analysis:

Background:Validated patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) of hip pain and function at the time of arthroscopy could be predictors of the final outcome. Little is known about how patient factors or pathologic intra-articular findings relate to hip pain or function at the time of surgery for those presenting with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).Purpose:To evaluate all patient and operative factors that contribute to hip pain and dysfunction in patients with FAI.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A prospective cohort of patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for FAI were electronically enrolled between February 2015 and September 2016. Baseline PROMs were collected, including Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) for pain, HOOS–Physical Function Shortform (HOOS-PS), Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12), and University of California–Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Score. Surgeons documented intra-articular operative findings and treatment. Multivariable l...
Phase Ib study of pasireotide (P), everolimus (E), and selective internal radioembolization therapy (SIRT) for unresectable neuroendocrine hepatic metastases.

4092 Background: Pasireotide (P) is a somatostatin (SST) analogue active against receptors 1, 2, 3, and 5. Everolimus (E) is an mTOR inhibitor. mTOR and SST pathways activate angiogensis, survival ...
An LMI approach to the identification and (in)validation of LPV systems

In this chapter we present a control-oriented identification and (in)validation framework for a class of LPV systems. The identification step takes into account both the dependence of part of the model on time-varying parameters as well as the possible existence of a non-parametric component. The validation step (in)validates the obtained model subject to unstructured uncertainty. The main result of this chapter shows that the problems of checking consistency between the experimental data and the a priori assumptions and that of obtaining a nominal model, can be recast as Linear Matrix Inequality feasibility problems that can be efficiently solved. Moreover, the overall computational complexity is similar to that of obtaining and/or (in)validating LTI models of comparable size. These results are illustrated with a practical example arising in the context of active vision.
Tele-Motivational Interviewing for Cancer Survivors: Feasibility, Preliminary Efficacy, and Lessons Learned.

Abstract Objective Determine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of tele-Motivational Interviewing (MI) for overweight cancer survivors. Design Six-month nonrandomized phase 2 clinical trial. Setting Urban garden and remote platforms. Participants Overweight and obese cancer survivors post active treatment. Intervention Remote tele-MI from a trained registered dietitian nutritionist (RDN). Main Outcome Measures Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy. Analysis Groups were stratified as users and nonusers based on tele-MI use. Qualitative survey data and remote MI interaction logs were analyzed for trends. Two-sample t tests were performed to assess pre-post intervention changes in physical activity and dietary behaviors, quality of life, self-efficacy, and clinical biomarkers. Results A total of 29 participants completed the intervention. There were 17 tele-MI users (59%) and 12 nonusers (41%). Users were primarily female (88%), breast cancer survivors (59%), college educated (82%), with a mean age of 58 years. Users set 50% more goals, lost more weight (4.8 vs 2.6 kg), significantly improved quality of life (P = .03), and trended more positively in clinical biomarkers (eg, cholesterol, blood pressure) than did nonusers. Conclusions and Implications Findings from this study indicate that tele-MI is a feasible and acceptable intervention for overweight cancer survivors after active therapy. Larger randomized trials are needed to establish efficacy and generalizability to a variety of demographic populations.
Federal and State Preemption of Local Privacy Regulation

In recent years, cities have started to regulate the collection, use, and disclosure of personal data by local government agencies. Much of this regulatory activity involves setting limits on police department acquisition and/or use of surveillance equipment and technology or establishing privacy principles safeguarding all data collection and use by city agencies. Obviously, the prospects for successful local policymaking in the privacy arena (“privacy localism”) extend no further than the preemptive effect of applicable federal and/or state law. If federal electronic surveillance law preempts local surveillance ordinances or city privacy laws, that’s game, set, and match. State preemption of privacy localism poses an even greater threat given that cities derive their power to govern not from any federal sources of law but from state constitutional and statutory provisions as interpreted by state courts. Thus, states can override local privacy initiatives in either of two ways: by enacting laws that preempt local privacy laws or withdrawing city authority to adopt such laws. In short, quite apart from its substantive merits, the success or failure of privacy localism largely rests on cities finding ways to avoid preemption and maintain local power. This Article examines in detail the threat of federal and state overrides of privacy localism. This is a narrow perspective on privacy localism but of vital importance for the reason just given: federal — and especially state — preemption has the capacity to stop local privacy regulation in its tracks. The inquiry into federal preemption of local privacy regulation requires a review of over two dozen federal privacy statutes. This turns out to be quite manageable because so few of them bear directly on local surveillance ordinances or local regulation of city data practices (which are the principle concerns of privacy localism). State preemption is harder to tackle given that there are approximately 700 state privacy laws, which makes for a crowded regulatory arena with a seemingly endless capacity to override local privacy law. The sheer number of state laws requires some simplifying assumptions to guide the state preemption analysis. Because Seattle and New York city are leading the way in regulating local police use of surveillance technologies and local data practices, this Article will mostly focus on Washington and New York state laws regulating (1) video cameras and/or facial recognition, automatic license plate readers (ALPRs), and drones; and (2) government records or personal data collected by government agencies insofar as they overlap with Seattle and New York City’s locally adopted privacy rules.
Energy metabolism in Leishmania.

Alanine plays a key role in the response of promastigotes to osmotic stress and to hypoxia. It is rapidly released in response to hypo-osmolality, is consumed from its large intracellular pool under iso-osmotic conditions even in the presence of glucose, and is synthesized under hyperosmotic conditions even in the absence of glucose. Its rate of oxidation, in the presence or absence of any of ten other amino acids tested, is strongly inhibited by hyperosmolality. Glucose oxidation is also inhibited by hyperosmolality, but to a lesser extent than that of alanine, and is inhibited by alanine, glutamate, and aspartate. Hyperosmolality also inhibits the incorporation of label from [2-14C]acetate into the putative storage carbohydrate, mannan, which occurs via the glyoxylate bypass and the as yet unexplored “mannoneogenic” pathway. The rates of glycolysis and of oxidation of several amino acids decrease with increasing culture age, but the capacity to oxidize fatty acids increases, and in cells from 3-day stationary phase cultures hyperosmolality enhances rather than inhibits alanine oxidation.
Dermal Absorption, Distribution, and the Fate of Six Pesticides in the Rabbit

Publisher Summary The rate of entry of a toxicant into a biological system is an important factor in the determination of toxicity, and penetration is often cited as a major factor contributing to selectivity. This chapter describes a preliminary study of penetration in a rabbit, which was designed to obtain a measure of the comparative rate of appearance of pesticides in blood within the early time intervals of application. In the method described in the chapter, the neck region of the body was shaved 24 hours prior to the application of pesticides. Pesticides were applied in 0.1 ml acetone containing 1 mgr of nonradioactive pesticide per kilogram body weight and about 20 μCi of labeled material. The solution of pesticide was allowed to spread over a 2 cm2 area of previously shaved skin. A blood sample of 1.0 ml was obtained by venapuncture from ear veins. Total urine and feces were collected separately over a 24-hour period. Animals were sacrificed and various organs were removed and assayed for radioactivity. After 1 minute, more carbaryl was found in the blood than all other compounds except parathion which was not significantly different from carbaryl. At the 5-minute interval, carbaryl appeared to penetrate faster than all compounds except parathion and aminotrizole.
Robust Hashing for Image-based Malware Classification

In this paper, we compare and contrast support vector machine (SVM) classifiers to robust hashing based strategies for the malware classification problem. For both the SVM and robust hashing approaches, we treat each executable file as a two-dimensional image. We experiment with two image-based robust hashing techniques, one that relies on wavelet analysis, and one that uses distributed coding. For our support vector machine experiments, we consider an image-based feature that deals with horizontal edges. While the SVM performs slightly better, there are some potential advantages to robust hashing for malware detection.
Exploring the Impact of Small-Group Synchronous Discourse Sessions in Online Math Learning.

Students in a fully-online learning environment have limited access to opportunities to talk about math problem solving. While discourse is a promising pedagogical model, less is known about how it translates to online math learning. We analyzed online platform data from two fully-online virtual elementary schools in the United States to address the following research questions: (a) Is participating in math discourse about reasoning and problem-solving related to students’ confidence, self-efficacy toward math, and math mindset in an online learning environment? (b) Is participation in math discourse related to math performance? The results showed that (a) repeated participation in the discourse sessions in a course was not directly related with changes in confidence, self-efficacy toward math, and math mindset, and (b) higher numbers of sessions that students participated in was associated with higher performance in final math course score and state assessment results, after controlling for prior performance and confidence, self-efficacy and mindset scores.
The original boneheads: histologic analysis of the pachyostotic skull roof in Permian burnetiamorphs (Therapsida: Biarmosuchia).

Thickened, pachyostotic skulls are best known in pachycephalosaur dinosaurs, but evolved convergently in Permian burnetiamorphs as well as in some other stem-mammal groups and Triassic archosauromorphs. Until now, only pachycephalosaur domes have been histologically sampled to reveal patterns of bone tissue microstructure and growth. Using computed tomography and osteohistology, we serially thin-sectioned one of the smallest burnetiamorph skull caps ever recovered (estimated skull length = 10 cm), as well as an individual nearly twice as large, and here report the first cranial histological data from this clade. We recognize four highly vascularized histological zones visible in coronal thin-sections, only one of which shares morphological similarities with the tripartite zonation previously reported in pachycephalosaur domes. Zone A forms the endocranial region of the skull cap and records disorganized primary osteons in a fibrolamellar complex. Zone B preserves a border of compact, avascular layers of parallel-fibered bone surrounding an interior of partially remodeled vascular canals. Interestingly, the outline of Zone B resembles the shape of an incipient skull roof. Zone C forms the thickest portion of the skull cap and is composed of fast-growing woven bone with minimal osteonal development. The superficial Zone D has a matrix of predominantly woven bone with narrower primary vascular canals than in deeper regions of the skull caps. Unlike in pachycephalosaurs, where primary vascular porosity is thought to decrease through ontogeny, both burnetiamorph skull caps preserve a thick Zone C of highly vascularized tissue. Additionally, the remnants of sutures are visible as radial struts that taper superficially, leaving no trace on the surface of the skull. Even in the smallest individual, the sutures are closed ectocranially, which is unusual, given that some large, presumably adult pachycephalosaur domes preserve open sutural gaps. Although pachycephalosaur and burnetiamorph skull domes are superficially similar, histological analysis reveals differences in their vascularity and construction that imply multiple evolutionary pathways to form an elaborate pachyostotic dome.
Generalizability of Clinical Trials Supporting the 2017 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Blood Pressure Guideline.

This study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to evaluate whether patients enrolled in the clinical trials that support the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guideline are representative of the US adult population recommended additional pharmacotherapy by the ACC/AHA guideline.
55 – Experimental Autoimmune Autonomic Neuropathy

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the experimental autoimmune autonomic neuropathy (EAAN) in an animal as a model. An animal model of this disorder, EAAN, can be induced in rabbits by immunization with the ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Rabbits with EAAN manifest symptoms of autonomic failure similar to those seen in patients. Histologic and electrophysiologic studies of EAAN indicate that this autoimmune form of autonomic neuropathy is caused by an immune-mediated impairment in ganglionic synaptic transmission. EAAN recapitulates the clinical phenotype of human autoimmune autonomic neuropathy (AAN). Rabbits producing high levels of ganglionic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody develop gastrointestinal dysmotility and fail to gain weight because of reduced food intake. Gastroparesis and impaired intestinal motility are evident by fluoroscopy and examination of the gut at autopsy. Severe parasympathetic dysfunction manifests as dilated and poorly responsive pupils, decreased lacrimation, reduced heart rate variability, and dilated bladder. EAAN rabbits also have reduced levels of plasma catecholamines indicating reduced sympathetic tone. As in patients with AAN, the severity of autonomic disturbances is greater in rabbits with greater antibody levels. Individual measures of autonomic function in EAAN rabbits also correlate with antibody level.