cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a brefeldin A-resistant mutant of monkey kidney Vero cells

Abstract Brefeldin A (BFA) is a fungal antibiotic which disrupts protein transport between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi. A BFA-resistant mutant of monkey kidney Vero cells, BER-40, which exhibited about a 90-fold increase in the LD 50 of BFA (5.2 ng/ml for Vero cells versus 460 ng/ml for BER-40 cells), has been isolated. The increased resistance of BER-40 cells toward BFA was also manifested in a greatly reduced inhibition of protein secretion by BFA in the mutant and a lack of protection by BFA of the mutant cells from ricin cytotoxicity. Somatic cell hybridization between the Vero and BER-40 cells showed that the BFA-resistance in BER-40 behaved as a codominant trait. The structure of the Golgi region, as examined by immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies against Golgi markers (the 110-kDa protein and mannosidase II) or with fluorescent lipid NBD-ceramide, was unchanged in the mutant cells as compared to that in the wild-type cells. Treatment of Vero cells with BFA (1 μg/ml) or with 2-deoxyglucose plus sodium azide resulted in a rapid release of the 110-kDa protein, mannosidase II, and NBD-ceramide from the Golgi membrane to a more diffuse distribution in the cytosol. In contrast, these three Golgi markers remained to be Golgi-associated following treatment of BER-40 cells with BFA or with 2-deoxyglucose plus sodium azide. Immunoblotting of cell extracts from Vero and BER-40 cells with monoclonal antibody against the 110-kDa protein did not reveal any significant difference in the level of this Golgi marker in the mutant cells. These data suggest that the BFA-resistance mutation in BER-40 has rendered the cyclic pathway of the 110-kDa protein assembly to the Golgi membrane resistant to both BFA and 2-deoxyglucose plus sodium azide. © 1992 Academic Press, Inc.
Fibronectin receptors from gram-positive bacteria: Comparison of active sites

Many parasitic bacteria express fibronectin binding proteins that are located on the cell surface. These proteins may act as adhesins and mediate the adherence of the microorganisms to fibronectin-containing host tissues. The ligand binding sites in the fibronectin receptor proteins from Gram-positive bacteria are composed of unique 37-48 amino acid long motifs that are repeated 3-4 times. We have now expressed the ligand binding sites of fibronectin receptors from Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae (two receptors), and Streptococcus pyogenes as recombinant proteins. The purified recombinant proteins have the expected molecular weights as indicated by electrospray mass spectroscopy although they migrate abnormally on SDS-PAGE. Each recombinant protein effectively inhibited the binding of 125I-labeled intact fibronectin or the N-terminal fibronectin domain to Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. The relative inhibitory potency of the different recombinant proteins was similar for all target bacteria and is reflected in their relative affinities for fibronectin. Synthetic peptides corresponding to the repeat units of the ligand binding site of the fibronectin receptor proteins were shown to inhibit the binding of the N-terminal fibronectin fragment to Streptococcus pyogenes cells. Together with amino acid sequence comparison, these data demonstrate that the repeat motif of the fibronectin receptor of Streptococcus pyogenes conforms to the consensus sequence previously reported for the Staphylococcus aureus receptor and to one of the Streptococcus dysgalactiae receptors (McGavin et al., 1993).
Hypophyseal Changes Induced by Thyroid Deficiency and Thyroxine Administration as Revealed by Immunochemical Staining1

The influence of thyroid deficiency and thyroxine administration on pituitary cell types was studied in the rat with the peroxidaselabeled antibody technique. Observations were made on TSH, growth hormone, prolactin, corticotropic and presumptive LH cells with special emphasis being placed on the nature of the thyroidectomy cell. The observations were compatible with the hypothesis that the thyroidectomy cell arises from the TSH cell, although derivation from other cell types was not ruled out. Thyroidectomy and castration cells appeared to be distinctive cell entities. As a result of thyroparathyroidectomy plus 131I-irradiation or treatment with propylthiouracil: most TSH cells lost their stainability except for the Golgi area and a few cytoplasmic granules; growth hormone cells could no longer be detected; prolactin and presumptive LH cells were reduced in size; and corticotropic cells seemed unaffected. TSH cells could no longer be identified following administration of thyroxine while growth hormone, ...
Uncanny exchanges: The possibilities and failures of 'making change' with alternative monetary forms

In most standard accounts, modern money depends on its function as the general equivalent. Equivalence, in turn, rotates around a specific numerological metaphysics, including the concept of zero and the algebraic function. Yet, rarely are the mathematics of equivalence subject to critical scrutiny. In this paper I explore contemporary alternative numerologies of money and finance. The alternatives that I consider are a US local scrip currency and transnational Islamic finance experiments. My data come from fieldwork in Ithaca, New York, and from research among Islamic finance specialists devising new financial products. I am interested in how these alternatives make explicit the moral form of the mathematics of the general equivalent.
Helicity signatures in the dissipation range of solar wind turbulence

Measurements of small-scale turbulent fluctuations in the solar wind find a non-zero right-handed magnetic helicity. This has been interpreted as evidence for the importance of ion cyclotron damping. However, theoretical and empirical evidence suggests that the majority of the energy in solar wind turbulence resides in low frequency anisotropic kinetic Alfven wave fluctuations that are not subject to ion cyclotron damping. We demonstrate that a dissipation range comprised of kinetic Alfven waves also produces a net right-handed fluctuating magnetic helicity signature consistent with observations. Thus, the observed magnetic helicity signature does not imply that ion cyclotron damping is energetically important in the solar wind.
The eosinophil as an effector cell of the immune response during hepatic allograft rejection

Objective: To evaluate the role of the eosinophil granulocyte during hepatic allograft rejection. Design: (a) A retrospective case-control study and (b) a prospective study of consecutive liver transplant recipients. Patients: In the retrospective study, eight patients with severe rejection in the first month after liver transplantation were compared with six patients without rejection. In the prospective study, 20 consecutive patients were studied for the presence of liver allograft rejection between March 1989 and October 1989. Measurements: Absolute eosinophil counts were determined whenever blood was drawn. Serum was analyzed for the presence of two eosinophil granule proteins, major basic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, on days 7, 14 and 21 after transplantation. Liver biopsy specimens were stained for the presence of major basic protein by means of immunofluorescence using a double-antibody staining technique. The degree of eosinophil infiltration and degranulation was graded using a panel of representative slides. Results: Blood eosinophilia was increased in patients with hepatic allograft rejection (p < 0.05). Serum major basic protein and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin concentrations were similar in patients with and without rejection. Many portal tracts of patients with rejection contained an abundance of eosinophils, and staining for major basic protein revealed the presence of intact eosinophils. In addition, extracellular major basic protein was seen, sometimes in the absence of intact eosinophils or an extensive infiltrate. In patients with severe allograft rejection, major basic protein staining was present in littoral cells lining the sinusoids. Conclusions: Patients with severe rejection in the first month after liver transplantation often have blood eosinophilia and marked infiltration of portal tracts with eosinophils or evidence of eosinophil degranulation. The presence of major basic protein likely is direct evidence of tissue destruction and may indicate active rejection (major basic protein in eosinophils and extracellular major basic protein, presence of portal infiltrate) or the immediate postinflammatory rejection state (extracellular major basic protein and major basic protein inside littoral cells, absence of portal infiltrate and eosinophils, bile ducts damaged or vanished). These findings underline the importance of the eosinophil as an intergral part of the rejection process. We conclude that the presence of eosinophils or their secretion products in the first month after liver transplantation is an indicator of ongoing or recent allograft rejection. (HEPATOLOGY 1994;20:654–662).
Two Metabolites of [Leu]enkephalin, Tyr-Gly and Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe, Impair Acquisition of an Active Avoidance Response in Mice

Two tyrosine-containing enkephalin metabolites, Tyr-Gly and Tyr-Gly-Gly-Phe, were found to impair acquisition of a one-way active avoidance response when administered intraperitoneally to mice. Prior studies demonstrated that the enkephalin metabolite Tyr-Gly-Gly also impairs avoidance acquisition, but that the tetrapeptide Gly-Gly-Phe-Leu is without similar effects. Since [leu]enkephalin also impairs acquisition of the avoidance response, these data are consistent with the suggestion that enkephalin metabolites containing an N-terminal tyrosine may be the active principals for the behavioral effects produced by [leu]enkephalin. Alternatively, these metabolites may represent a separate class of pharmacological agents that shares some behavioral effects with the enkephalins, but that produces effects on learning through a different mechanism.
Women and Domestic Power in Morocco

The subordination of women to men in Mediterranean societies is characterized by public segregation, relegation of women to the private sphere of the home, and control of their behavior through the operation of an elaborate code of “Honor and Shame,” a code whose outstanding features are the maintenance of virginity before marriage and strict fidelity after it. The specific expression of these criteria, however, varies greatly between the Christian and Moslem sides of the Mediterranean where two distinct cultural traditions prevail. In this essay, I shall examine some aspects of the status of women in Morocco in terms of their familial roles and the patterns of domestic interactions that operate within the traditional, patriarchal, extended household.
Unique Treatment Approach for a Patient with a Below-the-Knee Amputation

Below-the-knee amputees are subject to complications that can delay or prevent ambulation with a prosthesis. The problems encountered by the patient described here were so severe that it was questionable whether successful prosthetic fitting and gait training could be achieved. The two treatment devices responsible for successful rehabilitation were a plaster-and-metal splint and a nonremovable above-the-knee plaster pylon. The patient was a 59-year-old white man with a history of mild left hemiparesis (with the only obvious residual effect being a hypersensitivity to pain), diabetes, hypertension, and hypertensive cardiovascular disease. He underwent a left below-the-knee amputation for circulatory complications on April 19, 1976. After healing, the patient was discharged with a temporary below-the-knee plaster pylon. He fell at home and consequently developed an infection in the distal end of the residual limb over the tibia. The patient then suffered a severe episode of angina and in June 1976 was hospitalized again.…
Tributyltin in environmental samples from the Former Derecktor Shipyard, Coddington Cove, Newport RI.

Abstract Tributyltin (TBT) was detected in all 24 surface sediment (top 2 cm) samples collected from Coddington Cove, Newport, RI. TBT surface sediment concentrations ranged from 32 to 372 ng Sn/g with a mean concentration of 146 ng Sn/g. Analyses of selected core sections detected TBT in at least the top 18 cm at all 7 stations where cores were collected. No consistent TBT concentration trends with depth for these cores suggest mixing is an important process in the sediment column. In one core (station 28), TBT was found in the 76–86 cm section at a concentration of 141 ng Sn/g; thus sediments are a significant sink for TBT. However, sediment mixing processes can enhance releases of bioavailable TBT. Mussels, clams and fish from Coddington Cove contain TBT at concentrations ranging from 9.2 to 977 ng Sn/g. TBT concentrations in lobsters were below the detection limit (
Perspectives on: Materials Aspects for Retinal Prostheses

Retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration are both incurable eye diseases that lead to blindness due to photoreceptor degeneration. Electrically stimulating the remaining intact nerve cells may generate some useful vision for patients afflicted with these diseases. Various types of retinal prostheses, sub- and epi-retinal electrode arrays, as well as subretinal microphotodiode arrays are considered from a materials and biocompatibility point of view. Other, more innovative approaches to restoring vision, such as microfluidic pumps and activated nanosystems that deliver neurotransmitters in a controlled way and photodynamic therapy are being developed. This article discusses materials aspects of retinal prostheses that are currently in use or under development.
A Systems Biology Preview of the Relationships Between Mineral and Metabolic Complications in Chronic Kidney Disease

There are emerging data that the skeleton is connected to systemic biological functions through the release of two osteoblast-/osteocyte-derived hormones, fibroblastic growth factor 23 (FGF23) and undercarboxylated osteocalcin (Ocn). FGF23 is important in the regulation of phosphate and vitamin D metabolism, whereas Ocn participates in endocrine networks, coordinating bone and fat mass, energy metabolism, and sex hormone production. Bone remodeling and mineralization per se, along with the hormones leptin, insulin, glucocorticoids, PTH, and 1,25(OH)2D, regulate the release of FGF23 and Ocn, leading to complex cross-talk and coordination between endocrine networks previously thought to be distinct. These pathways are particularly important in chronic kidney disease, in which both FGF23 and Ocn are increased. Although these hormones initially serve an adaptive role, with progressive loss of renal function they show maladaptive effects, particularly on the cardiovascular system, through multiple mechanisms, including possible cross-talk with the renin angiotensin system. The complex interconnections between the various endocrine networks in chronic kidney disease may account for the difficulty in treating the uremic state.
Renal medullary gene expression in aquaporin-1 null mice

Mice that lack the aquaporin-1 gene (AQP1) lack a functional countercurrent multiplier mechanism, fail to concentrate the inner medullary (IM) interstitium, and present with a urinary concentrating...
Squirrels: the animal answer guide

R. W. Thorington Jr., K. E. Ferrell 2006. Squirrels: The Animal Answer Guide. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 208 pp. ISBN 0-8018- 8403-9, price (paper), $24.95. Richard Thorington has been an inspiration to many emerging mammalogists and those developing an interest in mammals for 4 decades. Working at the Smithsonian Institution for more than 36 years, Dr. Thorington is renowned for his expertise regarding both squirrels and New World primates, but especially for his love of squirrels. Thor has worked tirelessly to document sciurid biology and educate the public. Along with Katie Ferrell, also a scientist at the Smithsonian Institution working on sciurid morphology and genetics, the authors of Squirrels: The Animal Answer Guide provide both a thorough synthesis of the science and a primer for educators and the general public. The back cover of the book provides teasers that will make most readers want to crack the cover, such as, “Did you know that a …
Performance properties of fixed pole adaptive filters

Performance properties are presented of a new class of pole/zero adaptive filters, obtained by fixing the pole locations of the filter and adapting only the zeros. The structure of these fixed pole adaptive filters is described, and a procedure is developed for selecting the pole locations based on a priori information about the optimal filter. The performance properties of the new structure are compared via simulation with other adaptive filtering structures. The experiments show that the fixed pole adaptive filters enable improved performance relative to adaptive finite impulse response (FIR), Laguerre and Kautz filters, given equal computational burden. >
Against conventional wisdom: when the public, the media, and medical practice collide.

Background: In 2009, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force released new mammography screening guidelines that sparked a torrent of criticism. The subsequent conflict was significant and pitted the Task Force against other health organizations, advocacy groups, the media, and the public at large. We argue that this controversy was driven by the systematic removal of uncertainty from science communication. To increase comprehension and adherence, health information communicators remove caveats, limitations, and hedging so science appears simple and more certain. This streamlining process is, in many instances, initiated by researchers as they engage in dissemination of their findings, and it is facilitated by public relations professionals, journalists, public health practitioners, and others whose tasks involve using the results from research for specific purposes. Analysis: Uncertainty is removed from public communication because many communicators believe that it is difficult for people to process and/or that it is something the audience wants to avoid. Uncertainty management theory posits that people can find meaning and value in uncertainty. We define key terms relevant to uncertainty management, describe research on the processing of uncertainty, identify directions for future research, and offer recommendations for scientists, practitioners, and media professionals confronted with uncertain findings. Conclusions: Science is routinely simplified as it is prepared for public consumption. In line with the model of information overload, this practice may increase short-term adherence to recommendations at the expense of long-term message consistency and trust in science.
DSM-5 and Neurocognitive Disorders

The newest edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) introduces several changes in the diagnostic criteria for dementia and other cognitive disorders. Some of these changes may prove helpful for clinical and forensic practitioners, particularly when evaluating less severe cognitive impairments. The most substantial change is that the cognitive disorder-not otherwise specified category found in prior editions has been eliminated. Those disorders that do not cause sufficient impairment to qualify for a diagnosis of dementia are now defined as neurocognitive disorders and placed on a spectrum with the more severe conditions. The concept of social cognition is also introduced as one of the core functional domains that can be affected by a neurocognitive disorder. This concept may be particularly significant in the evaluation of patients with non-Alzheimer's dementias, such as frontotemporal dementia. With the aging of the population and the increasing recognition of the possibility of long-lasting cognitive deficits after traumatic brain injury, the need for assessment of cognitive disorders in medicolegal contexts is certain to increase. Forensic psychiatrists who perform these evaluations should understand the conceptualization of Neurocognitive Disorders as presented in DSM-5 and how it differs from prior diagnostic systems.
Garnet from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge near 43°N. Latitude

Two andradite garnets are described from the mid-Atlantic ridge near 43° N., 27° W., depth 2200 o t 2500 m. One is nearly pure andradite (topazolite). The other is titanian andradite (melanite) with 9.3 percent TiO2. Both are in a diopsidechlorite matrix associated with serpentinized peridotite. This appears to be the second known occurrence of melanite in serpentinized peridotite, the other being in San Benito County, California.
Behavioral effects of withdrawal from sweetened vegetable shortening in rats

This study tested the hypothesis that withdrawal from intermittent access to a sweet fat mixture would lead to an exaggerated motivation and craving for palatable food. Male Long-Evans rats were divided into three weight-matched groups based on access to sweetened vegetable shortening (SVS). Groups received 1-hour SVS access everyday (7D group), 1-hour SVS access intermittently, 3 days/week (3D group), or no SVS access (Naive group). By the second week 3D rats began to display a disordered eating pattern. After 28 days on this feeding schedule SVS was withdrawn and anxiety was measured in an elevated plus maze. Motivation was assessed through operant performance for 10% sucrose on a progressive ratio schedule and craving was examined with a reinstatement test for lever pressing following extinction. Initial measures of anxiety and motivation found no differences among groups. However, when food was deprived overnight, there was a greater increase in lever pressing in the 3D group compared to 7D and Naive rats. Thus a history of intermittent SVS access enhanced the reinforcing value of sucrose, but only under deprivation conditions. Interestingly, reinstatement of responding for sucrose was present only in the Naive group. These findings suggest that a history of disordered eating may result in augmented motivation for palatable foods during a state of negative energy balance.
Idealization, reunions, and stability in long-distance dating relationships

Two studies explore the seeming paradox reported in prior research on long-distance dating relationships (LDDRs): Despite limited interaction, LDDR partners evidence greater relational stability than partners in geographically close dating relationships (GCDRs). We investigate speculations that romantic idealization may be a key component in LDDR stability. Idealization (i.e., idealistic distortion, romantic love, relational reminiscence, perceived agreement) and satisfaction with communication was more pronounced in LDDRs than GCDRs. Idealization was also associated with infrequent face-to-face communication. LDDRs were more stable than GCDRs as long as LDDR partners remained geographically separated, but LDDR partners were likely to terminate their relationship upon becoming proximal. Longer absences between face-to-face visits and extreme idealization during separation predicted instability upon reunion.
Incidence of donor site skin graft loss requiring surgical intervention with the radial forearm free flap.

Background. Many methods of managing the fas- ciocutaneous radial forearm free flap (RFFF) donor site have been described. Ideal management would be technically easy to perform, reliable, cost-effective, and prevent further complica- tions. Methods. The clinical records of 54 consecutive patients undergoing RFFF surgery by the senior author were reviewed. Records were reviewed to identify donor sites with significant breakdown that required intervention. Results. Fifty-four patients were identified. Only 1 patient had significant tendon exposure. A V to Y closure was per- formed. The site healed well following this procedure and no fur- ther intervention was required. No other donor site complications were noted in this group. Conclusion. The incidence of wound breakdown requiring surgical intervention at the RFFF donor site is less than 2% utiliz- ing a simple technique of split thickness skin grafting, bolster, and short-term splinting. This study demonstrates the low donor site morbidity of the RFFF. V C 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 29: 573-576, 2007
Dietary fat and heart health: in search of the ideal fat

In the consideration of dietary fat and heart disease severalquestions arise. First, how much fat is ‘healthy’, both interms of the total dietary amount and as a percentage of totaldietary calories (% en), for example, 20% en, 30% en or 40%en? Second, once these fat intake parameters are ascertained,what is the proper balance of fatty acids (ratio of saturatedfatty acids (SFA) to monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) topolyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)) and within each ofthese categories, which specific SFA and PUFA are mosthealthy? Third, how can one measure a ‘healthy response’ tochanges in these dietary fat components? Fourth, whatinfluence does dietary cholesterol have in this scenario?Finally, how important is the underlying lipoprotein profileof an individual when considering their response to fat?The answers to these questions are complex, but it isgenerally agreed by most in the field that an individual’sresponse to dietary fat can be best evaluated by measure-ments of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein(LDL)-cholesterol (C) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C,with the lowest TC and LDL/HDL ratios being consideredideal. Also to be considered is how fat affects the size of theLDL particle, as small, dense LDL are associated withincreased coronary heart disease (CHD).
Whole-genome sequencing in pharmacogenetics.

on clinical disease prediction, and remarking on the problem of ‘missing heritability’ of risk for common diseases unaccounted for by common variants [1], the arena of pharmacogenetics was often singled out as an exception [2]. GWAS of drug response traits are quite exceptional in having provided a number of clinically significant genetic predictors of drug outcomes, with estimated effect sizes sometimes orders of magnitude greater than those seen for any human disease [3,4]. Despite this, GWAS of drug response traits currently represent only a small fraction of the total number of GWAS performed to date [101].
THE COUPLED REDOX POTENTIAL OF THE LACTATE-ENZYME-PYRUVATE SYSTEM

1. The term "coupled redox potential" is defined. 2. The system lactic ion See PDF for Equation pyruvic ion + 2H(+) + 2e is shown to be reversible (when the enzyme is lactic acid dehydrogenase) and its coupled redox potential between pH 5.2 and 7.2 at 32 degrees C. is: See PDF for Equation 3. The free energy of the reaction: lactic ion (1m) --> pyruvic ion (1m) = -DeltaF = -14,572. 4. The standard free energy of formation (DeltaF(298)) of pyruvic acid (l) is estimated at -108,127. This is merely an approximation as some necessary data are lacking. 5. The importance of coupled redox potentials as a factor in the regulation of the equilibrium of metabolites is indicated.
Ruthenium-tin cluster complexes and their applications as bimetallic nanoscale heterogeneous hydrogenation catalysts.

This review describes recent studies on the synthesis and characterization of new polynuclear ruthenium–tin cluster complexes, their conversion to heterometallic nanoparticles, and some studies on their applications as catalysts for the hydrogenation of unsaturated organic molecules of commercial interest.
Three-dimensional reconstruction based on computed tomography images of the frontal sinus drainage pathway.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the utility of three-dimensional reconstructions of paranasal sinus computed tomography data in depicting the anatomy of the frontal sinus drainage pathway.Methods:Twenty-nine patients underwent imaging of the sinuses for various clinical indications. Variations in frontal sinus recess anatomy were determined from 0.75-mm thick coronal, axial and sagittal computed tomography images. Three-dimensional, reformatted images were generated from manually segmented volumes of interest. Observations were made on the variation and usefulness of these reconstructions.Results:Three-dimensional, reformatted images of segmented volumes aided delineation of the spatial relationships of the frontal sinus, frontal sinus drainage pathway, infundibular and meatal direction of drainage, agger nasi cells, ethmoid bulla cells, supraorbital cells, and suprabullar cells.Conclusion:Three-dimensional, reformatted images of frontonasal anatomy enable improved understanding of the frontal sinus drainage pathway anatomy and of the spatial relationships between ethmoid air cells in this region. Such images may provide a useful adjunct to surgical planning and education.
An Interesting Case of Osteomalacia Due to Antacid Use Associated With Stainable Bone Aluminum in a Patient With Normal Renal Function

Antacids containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxide are widely used nonprescription agents for treatment of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease. One of the side effects of these antacids is that they bind phosphate in the gut, resulting in its malabsorption. Short-term use, consistent with the directions on the manufacturer's label, is safe and effective for most patients. Heavy chronic use, even when within label, can cause serious skeletal impairment. This report concerns the case of a 39-year-old pharmacist who self-mediated for peptic ulcer disease with high doses of a potent antacid containing aluminum and magnesium hydroxide. The patient consumed over 18 kg of elemental aluminum and 15 kg of elemental magnesium over 8 years of antacid use. This treatment resulted in the clinical syndrome of severe osteomalacia due to profound phosphate depletion. Bone biopsy revealed stainable aluminum deposits along 27.6% of the total bone surface, which is a unique observation in a patient with normal renal function. Treatment included withdrawing the antacid and supplementation with phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D. She experienced marked subjective and objective improvement with this regimen. This included a striking increase in her bone mineral density occurring over the 2-year follow-up period. This case documents that long-term antacid therapy, even when used by patients with normal renal function and within the manufacturer's label recommendations, can lead to severe phosphate depletion, osteomalacia, and toxic accumulation of aluminum and magnesium. This clinical syndrome was readily treated by withdrawal of the antacid and with calcium and phosphate supplementation. Physicians recommending treatment with these compounds or learning of their patient's self-medication with them should inform the patient of the potential serious side effects these agents can cause when used chronically at maximally recommended doses.
The risk to olfaction from nasal surgery

Implicit in all types of nasal surgery is the potential for worsening of olfactory function. Not only can injury occur to the delicate olfactory neuroepithelium itself, but also more indirect disturbances are engendered by pharmacologic agents, distortions of intranasal anatomy, persistent mucosal edema or crusts, and other processes. This study examined 93 patients undergoing various types of nasal surgery, including ethmoidectomy, polypectomy, Caldwell-Luc procedure, open reduction of nasal fracture, closed reduction of nasal fracture, rhinoplasty, and septoplasty. Factors considered as contributing to loss of olfactory acuity were age, gender, use of general anesthesia, and type of operation. The University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT), a 40-item, microencapsulated scratch-and-sniff procedure, was used to ascertain olfactory ability. Sixty-one patients (66%) had either improved or unchanged UPSIT scores after surgery; the remaining 32 patients (34%) had a decline in score. One patient (1%) became anosmic. Statistical treatment of outcome data using analysis of covariance with repeated measures showed no effect of age, gender, type of operation, or anesthetic.
Attachment System Involvement in Esthetic Response

framework along these lines, but provided only limited support for the role of attachment. Arguments: The present discussion article advances further explanatory advantages for an analysis of esthetic pleasure that includes attachment activation as a central component. In connection with this activation, this study takes up further research on neural correlates of the enjoyment of music and the medical outcomes of listening to music. The advantages of such an analysis also include an account of some philosophical observations about the nature of aesthetic response, specifically the orientation of esthetic feeling toward particular objects and the recurrence of certain preferred subjects for artistic depiction. Conclusions: These arguments suggest that the attachment system may play a significant role in esthetic response generally and even in some unexpected aspects of aesthetic response. At the same time, they raise further questions, for example questions concerning the mechanisms by which attachment system activation might operate in esthetic response.
Counterpoint: Should Lactate Clearance Be Substituted for Central Venous Oxygen Saturation as Goals of Early Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Therapy? No

In 2001, early goal-directed therapy (EGDT) resulted in a 16% reduction in hospital mortality and, post hoc, a higher lactate clearance in severe sepsis and septic shock.1 Multiple studies have confirmed the validity and generalizability of EGDT, resulting in its adoption into the Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines.2,3 Nguyen et al4,5 examined early lactate clearance and found a significant retrospective association with inflammation, apoptosis, coagulation, organ dysfunction, and mortality. Following this rationale, Jones et al6 modified the EGDT protocol in 2010 using a noninferiority study design and concluded that lactate clearance is equivalent to central venous oxygen saturation (Scvo2) in the management of individual patients. Before applying the findings of Jones et al6 to one’s next patient, compare the baseline characteristics, early hemodynamic patterns, and therapeutic interventions between those of Jones et al6 and the EGDT study.1 Further, review the complexities of lactate kinetics and the weaknesses of a noninferiority study design.7 Based on these facts, it is clear that lactate clearance and Scvo2 are not equivalent, but complementary goals for the individual patient.
Meeting the Needs of Male Caregivers by Increasing Access to Accountable Care Organizations

As the population of male caregivers continues to grow over time, they have become more visible to the service system. However, as the vast majority of supports serve female caregivers, it is important to bring men "inside" of the service system. Following a review of the male caregiver experience, this commentary discusses how Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs), a provision of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, is one way that men can be brought into and access the service system. Although male caregivers are the focus of this paper, the recommendations suggested are useful for professionals working with all caregivers regardless of gender. Discussion includes a rationale as to why ACOs are a unique service that are currently being developed that provides a window of opportunity for health professionals to meet caregiver needs in new ways. This would include the evaluation of and addressing male caregiver psychosocial and support needs at the time of addressing care receivers' medical needs.
Effect of proANF-(31--67) on sodium excretion in conscious monkeys

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of proANF-(31--67) on renal function in conscious, chronically instrumented monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The experimental protocol consisted of a 30-min control period followed by 60 min of peptide infusion and a 30-min recovery period. Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)-(99--126), proANF-(31--67), of a combination of ANF-(99--126) plus proANF-(31--67) was infused at 15 pmol.kg-1.min-1. ANF-(99--126) caused sodium excretion to increase from 12.5 +/- 3 to a peak of 37.9 +/- 10.4 mueq/min, whereas fractional sodium excretion (FENa) increased from 0.69 +/- 0.2 to 2.3 +/- 0.43%. ProANF-(31--67) increased sodium excretion from 12.7 +/- 5 to a peak of 23.3 +/- 9.0 mueq/min and FENa from 0.56 +/- 0.07 to a peak of 1.15 +/- 0.4%. When ANF-(99--126) and proANF-(31--67) were infused in combination, sodium excretion increased from 9.6 +/- 3 to a peak of 5.19 +/- 12.5 mueq/min, whereas FENa increased from 0.97 +/- 0.4 to 3.9 +/- 1.1%. Mean arterial pressure decreased by approximately 10 mmHg in all three groups. These findings indicate that intravenously administered proANF-(31--67) causes an increase in sodium excretion and that when proANF-(31--67) and ANF-(99--126) are given in combination, they act in an additive fashion to increase renal sodium excretion.
Traveling Wave Solutions

In this chapter we study model problems that lead to an important, special class of solutions called traveling wave solutions. Examining the behavior of these solutions can give insights into the role of competing mechanisms in a given problem, for example, reaction versus dispersion or advection versus dispersion.
Sonographic Evaluation of the Plantar Heel in Asymptomatic Endurance Runners.

OBJECTIVES The primary purpose of this investigation was to determine the prevalence and spectrum of asymptomatic sonographically determined structural changes in the plantar fascia and plantar heel pad among experienced runners without a history of heel pain. METHODS Thirty-nine asymptomatic runners without a history of plantar heel pain were recruited. The following sonographic measures were recorded: power Doppler sonography in the plantar heel pad and plantar fascia, echo texture of the plantar heel pad, uncompressed heel pad thickness, compressed heel pad thickness, heel pad compressibility index, plantar fascia thickness, and plantar fascia echo texture. RESULTS Doppler flow was shown in the plantar heel pads of 88% (68 of 77) of heels and 92% (36 of 39) of runners. Heel pad echo texture abnormalities were found in 86% (66 of 77) of heels and 97% (38 of 39) of runners. Mean values for right and left uncompressed heel pad thickness were 13.8 and 13.7 mm, respectively. The mean heel pad compressibility indices were 0.51 for the right heel and 0.53 for the left heel. Eight percent (6 of 77) of fat pads in 10% (4 of 39) of runners had abnormal compressibility indices. Doppler flow was present in the plantar fascia in 31% (24 of 77) of heels and 44% (17 of 39) of runners. The mean plantar fascia thicknesses were 3.78 mm for the right and 3.87 mm for the left. Forty-eight percent (37 of 77) of heels had an abnormal plantar fascia echo texture. CONCLUSIONS At least 1 potentially abnormal sonographic finding was present in each heel of all asymptomatic runners in this study. Consequently, sonographic abnormalities in the plantar heel should be interpreted within the clinical context when evaluating runners.
Description of the Microsporidian Parasite, Heterosporis sutherlandae n. sp., Infecting Fish in the Great Lakes Region, USA.

Heterosporosis is an increasingly important microsporidian disease worldwide, impacting wild and farmed raised fishes in both marine and freshwater environments. A previously undescribed species (Heterosporis sp.), with widespread distribution in the Great Lakes region, was the subject of this study. Three angler-caught fish were submitted to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from 2009–2010 with lesions caused by intracellular proliferation of parasitic spores, resulting in destruction and eventual widespread necrosis of the host skeletal muscles. Mature ovoid (5.8 x 3.5μm) spores of a microsporidian parasite, consistent with the genus Heterosporis, were observed by light and electron microscopy. Molecular identification was performed using primer walking to obtain a near-complete rRNA gene sequence (~3,600 bp). A unique species of Heterosporis was identified, demonstrating less than 96% sequence identity to other published Heterosporis sp. on the basis of partial rRNA gene sequence analysis. Heterosporis sutherlandae n. sp. (formerly Heterosporis sp.) was identified in yellow perch (Perca flavescens), northern pike (Esox lucius) and walleye (Sander vitreus) from inland lakes in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Previous research suggests this species may be even more widespread in the Great Lakes region and should be reexamined using molecular techniques to better understand the distribution of this novel species.
Water-Level Fluctuations and Flow in Tidal Inlets

Equations are derived to describe the water motion in a tidal inlet connecting the ocean with a relatively small basin. The boundary conditions considered are the ocean tide and fresh water inflow. No density effects are taken into account. A dimensionless resistance coefficient is introduced to express the influence of the inlet channel resistance on the water motion. A numerical method to solve the equations is presented. For a better physical insight, the analytic solution is presented for a simplified set of equations, in which the quadratic resistance term is replaced by a linear term. It appears that after a certain transition period the water-level fluctuations in the bay become steady, the steady state fluctuations being independent of the initial conditions. Numerical computations are carried out for the Inlet of Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania. The results, for a case in which no fresh water inflow is considered, are compared with the results obtained according to Keulegan's method and with the results obtained with the help of the simplified (linear) set of equations. They appear to be in close agreement.
Giant Lymph-node Hyperplasia, Plasma-cell Type, of the Mediastinum, with Peripheral Neuropathy

A case of mediastinal giant lymph-node hyperplasia, plasma-cell type, is described. The patient had progressive peripheral neuropathy for which no apparent cause was found. Giant lymph-node hyperplasia with associated peripheral neuropathy has not been reported previously.
Electron-spin amplitudes in the exchange quenching of orthopositronium

We study single collisions between orthopositronium beams and targets with unpaired electrons, in which the conversion (quenching) of the long-lived orthopositronium into the short-lived parapositronium occurs as a result of electron exchange. We consider unpolarized and polarized targets with one and two unpaired electrons. Angular-momentum coupling and density-matrix techniques are used to calculate the probabilities of obtaining either para- or orthopositronium after the collisions. The probability of the initial orthopositronium being converted to parapositronium (quenching probability) is given in terms of complex scattering amplitudes labeled with total electron spin. Quenching probabilities are calculated for polarized and unpolarized targets, with and without detection of the spins of the targets after the collisions. Ratios of the probabilities of producing parapositronium to that of obtaining orthopositronium are given in terms of electron-spin amplitudes.
Differences in Sensory Evaluation of Cooked Rice in Indica Rice Growing Region in China

With eight indica conventional,indica hybrid,japonica conventional and japonica hybrid rice as materials,the sensory evaluation of cooked rice in 11 different locations in indica rice growing region in China was carried out by two sensory evaluation methods(score method and equality range method).Results showed that the sensory score of the score method significantly varied with varieties and sites.However,the sensory score of the equality range method was significantly affected by variety irrespective of sites.Age and gender both have no significant effect on the sensory score using the equality range method.Tailand′s aromatic variety,Xiangwanxian 13,Liangyoupeijiu and Shanyou 63 were significantly different in sensory score,and the sensory evaluation values of cooked rice of the former three were corresponded to the grain ranking of national rice standard GB 1354.The sensory scores of cooked rice from indica rice growing region people were in accord with the acceptance degree of people in japonica rice growing region.It is suggested that the sensory standard rice sample should be chose in sensory evaluation and the equality range method can be adopted.
Characteristics of high-yielding population dynamic variation of super hybrid rice Tianyou 998 under SRI cultivation condition

Two densities and two fertilization application level were studied with super hybrid rice TianYou 998.The results showed: The characteristic of big ear and more grain of TianYiou 998 was plenary exertion by way of SRI.The population characters of yield above 10 t/hm2 by SRI were as follow : the number of effective tiller was 230×104/hm2,per ear of filled grains was 170～180,mass of 1000-grain was 23～24 g,grain setting rate was above 90%.
Fumbling in the Dark

Interveners used several analogies when they reflected on the process of trying to understand what was going on in their areas of deployment. To one diplomat, it was “like a puzzle.” A United Nations (UN) official likened the process to that of “four blind men feeling an elephant.” While the man touching the elephant’s leg claims that they have arrived at a tree, the man touching the trunk retorts instead that it is a snake. Meanwhile, the man touching the belly argues that they have found a big balloon, and the one touching the ear maintains that it is in fact a giant palm leaf. To that official, this was exactly the problem that plagued interveners deployed in Congo: “There are lots of perspectives that we can take on what Congo is and what its problems are.” But, as he crucially added, foreign peacebuilders rarely considered the perspectives of the Congolese – for reasons analyzed in the previous chapters. After working for many years in Peaceland, the analogy that came to my mind was the experience of standing in the dark with only a blinking flashlight. The fleeting illumination reveals one fragmentary image after another. The pictures are limited to the immediate surroundings, so the observer can make little sense of what lies beyond the circle of light. The scene as a whole is disjointed. At any moment, a change in one shadow can occur undetected while the flashlight is pointed somewhere else. Ultimately, this experience provides sparse and fragmented information, which cannot help one develop a clear image of the overall conditions.