cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocardial cells are a distinct endothelial lineage derived from Flk1+ multipotent cardiovascular progenitors

Identification of multipotent cardiac progenitors has provided important insights into the mechanisms of myocardial lineage specification, yet has done little to clarify the origin of the endocardium. Despite its essential role in heart development, characterization of the endocardial lineage has been limited by the lack of specific markers of this early vascular subpopulation. To distinguish endocardium from other vasculature, we generated an NFATc1-nuc-LacZ BAC transgenic mouse line capable of labeling this specific endothelial subpopulation at the earliest stages of cardiac development. To further characterize endocardiogenesis, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from NFATc1-nuc-LacZ blastocysts were utilized to demonstrate that endocardial differentiation in vitro recapitulates the close temporal-spatial relationship observed between myocardium and endocardium seen in vivo. Endocardium is specified as a cardiac cell lineage, independent from other vascular populations, responding to BMP and Wnt signals that enhance cardiomyocyte differentiation. Furthermore, a population of Flk1+ cardiovascular progenitors, distinct from hemangioblast precursors, represents a mesodermal precursor of the endocardial endothelium, as well as other cardiovascular lineages. Taken together, these studies emphasize that the endocardium is a unique cardiac lineage and provides further evidence that endocardium and myocardium are derived from a common precursor.
Geochemical Precursors to Seismic Activity

Studies of earthquake precursory phenomena during the last several decades have found that significant geophysical and geochemical changes can occur prior to intermediate and large earthquakes. Among the more intensely investigated geochemical phenomena have been: (1) changes in the concentrations of dissolved ions and gases in groundwaters and (2) variations in the concentrations of crustal and mantle volatiles in ground gases. The concentration changes have typically showed no conanomalies trend (either increasing or decreasing), and the spatial and temporal distribution of the observed anomalies have been highly variable. As a result, there is little agreement on the physical or chemical processes responsible for the observed anomalies. Mechanisms proposed to account for precursory groundwater anomalies include ultrasonic vibration, pressure sensitive solubility, pore volume collapse, fracture induced increases in reactive surfaces, and aquifer breaching/fluid mixing. Precursory changes in soil gas composition have been suggested to result from pore volume collapse, micro-fracture induced exposure of fresh reactive silicate surfaces, and breaching of buried gas-rich horizons. An analysis of the available field and laboratory data suggests that the aquifer breaching/fluid mixing (AB/FM) model can best account for many of the reported changes in temperature, dissolved ion and dissolved gas concentrations in groundwater. Ultrasonic vibration and pressure sensitive solubility models cannot reasonably account for the geochemical variations observed and, although the pore collapse model could explain some of the observed chemical changes in groundwater and ground gas, uncertainties remain regarding its ability to generate anomalies of the magnitude observed. Other geochemical anomalies, in particular those associated with hydrogen and radon, seem best accounted for by increases in reactive surface areas (IRSA model) that may accompany precursory deformation around the epicenter of an impending earthquake. Analysis of the probable response of these models to the earthquake preparation process, as well as to other environmental factors, suggests that geochemical monitoring programs can provide information that may be valuable in forecasting the probability of an earthquake; however, because of the complexity of the earthquake preparation process, the absolute prediction of seismic events using geochemical methods alone, does not presently appear to be feasible.
The Consequences of State Economic Development Strategies on Income Distribution in the American States, 1976 to 1994:

I ask whether the economic development strategies pursued by state governments to stimulate growth have unintended consequences for the well-being of the citizenry, particularly income distribution...
Left Ventricular Assist Device Endocarditis Caused by Vancomycin-Intermediate Staphylococcus aureus Successfully Treated with Ceftaroline: a Review of the Clinical Case and Overview of Vancomycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract In this article, we describe a case of left ventricular assist device endocarditis caused by a vancomycin-intermediate Staphylococcus aureus strain that was successfully treated with ceftaroline. Left ventricular assist device infections are briefly reviewed, and the current knowledge regarding vancomycin resistance is discussed.
Enhanced positive water vapor feedback associated with tropical deep convection: New evidence from Aura MLS

Recent simultaneous observations of upper tropospheric (UT) water vapor and cloud ice from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) on the Aura satellite provide new evidence for tropical convective influence on UT water vapor and its associated greenhouse effect. The observations show that UT water vapor increases as cloud ice water content increases. They also show that, when sea surface temperature (SST) exceeds approx.300 K, UT cloud ice associated with tropical deep convection increases sharply with increasing SST. The moistening of the upper troposphere by deep convection leads to an enhanced positive water vapor feedback, about 3 times that implied solely by thermodynamics. Over tropical oceans when SST greater than approx.300 K, the 'convective UT water vapor feedback' inferred from the MLS observations contributes approximately 65% of the sensitivity of the clear-sky greenhouse parameter to SST.
Constructing Gender in an English Dominant Kindergarten: Implications for Second Language Learners

This article is part of a year-long ethnographic study conducted in an English dominant kindergarten in the United States. The classroom comprised 6 Spanish-bilingual English language learners and 17 native English speakers. The study was based on a theoretical framework that views language as the site for constructing social meaning and negotiating power. Such theory provides the foundation for asking questions about interaction that move beyond a strictly linguistic focus (Fairclough, 1989). The study demonstrated how relationships and interaction mediated through local gender constructions support and constrain English language learners' classroom participation. Based on these results, I argue that local gender ideologies operating in second language (L2) learning contexts affect students' access to the interactions that they need to develop a second language. TESOL professionals cannot treat gender simply as a fixed independent variable with universal outcomes. Gender meanings shift and change in subtle and not so subtle ways, requiring that researchers attend to local contexts and to consequences for local participants.
A retrospective analysis of airway management in obese patients at a teaching institution

Abstract Study Objective To identify patient characteristics that influence the choice of awake fiberoptic intubation (AFI) versus intubation after general anesthesia in obese patients. Design Retrospective study. Setting Memorial Hermann Hospital, Houston, TX. Measurements Perioperative records of 283 obese patients [body mass index (BMI) >34 kg/m 2 ] who underwent elective surgery between January 1991 and December 1999 were studied. Patients' data were divided into two groups according to method of induction and intubation: asleep direct laryngoscopy versus AFI. Patient demographics, BMI, Mallampati airway classification, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, peptic ulcer disease, hiatal hernia, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome were compared between the two groups. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Main Results AFI was performed in 12 (4.2%) obese patients, and direct laryngoscopy was performed in 271 (95.8%) obese patients. Difficult intubation was reported in 21 (7.4%) cases, and there were no reported cases of failed intubations. Bivariate analyses demonstrated that AFI patients were more likely to have a BMI ≥ 60 kg/m 2 ( P P P = 0.004). These three factors were also statistically significant in the multivariate logistic regression. In particular, each one kg/m 2 increase in BMI was associated with a 7% increased likelihood of AFI. Men were approximately 4 times likelier than women to have an AFI. Compared with patients with a Mallampati Class I or II airway, those with Mallampati Classes III or IV were about 26 times as likelier to have an AFI. Conclusions Patients selected for AFI were predominantly men, with a Mallampati Class III or IV airway, and BMI ≥ 60 kg/m 2 .
Doctrine of Signatures: An Explanation of Medicinal Plant Discovery or Dissemination of Knowledge?

The Doctrine of Signatures (DOS) is found throughout the world. Most scholars dismiss it as a “primitive” or “prescientific” idea. Despite its long history, the doctrine has had little critical review. A careful evaluation of signatures suggests four things. (1) There is no evidence that morphological plant signatures ever led to the discovery of medicinal properties. Considering DOS in this manner is unproductive and largely untestable. (2) Signatures are post hoc attributions rather than a priori clues to the utility of medicinal plants. (3) It is productive to redefine signatures to include organoleptic properties associated with therapeutic value. Plants with strong odors or bitter tastes, for example, commonly are found in pharmacopoeias. (4) DOS should be considered for what it primarily is—a way of disseminating information. DOS fundamentally is a mnemonic and, therefore, is exceedingly valuable in traditional cultures.
Effects of Androgen Deficiency and Replacement on Male Fertility

Many clinicians need to know the treatments available for men with androgen deficiency desiring to have children. Some of these men may be on a lifetime androgen supplementation, and careful consideration must be made with the prescribed medication to allow for spermatogenesis. Certain types of hypogonadism can be treated with alternative treatment, such as testosterone supplementation. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of men with all forms of hypogonadism are explored, with an emphasis on appropriate androgen replacement that maximizes sperm production. Treatment regimens are described, so clinicians have a stepwise approach to the management of this special population.
Performance and Health of Dairy Calves Using Different Types of Commercial Housing1

Abstract Three housing types for neonatal dairy calves were compared on a commercial 1500-cow dairy in central California. Three types of housing were: 2.0 × 1.0 × 1.0 m wooden hutch; 2.0 × 1.0 × 1.3 m thermolded opaque polymer hutch with an outdoor pen 1.4 × 1.8; and 2.0 × 1A × 1.3 m molded opaque polyethylene hutch with an outdoor pen 1.7 × 1.5 m. Effects of type of housing on grain intake, growth, stress indices, and health from birth through 6 wk of age were studied from August through October. Results from 29 Holstein heifer calves showed no differences (P>0.05) in grain intake and average daily gain regardless of housing type. Red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin concentration, and hematocrit showed no (P>0.05) housing effects and were within normal ranges. The stress parameters of cortisol and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio showed temporal effects (P
Solving semantic problems using contexts extracted from knowledge graphs

This thesis seeks to address word reasoning problems from a semantic standpoint, proposing a uniform approach for generating solutions while also providing human-understandable explanations. Current state of the art solvers of semantic problems rely on traditional machine learning methods. Therefore their results are not easily reusable by algorithms or interpretable by humans. We propose leveraging web-scale knowledge graphs to determine a semantic frame of interpretation. Semantic knowledge graphs are graphs in which nodes represent concepts and the edges represent the relations between them. Our approach has the following advantages: (1) it reduces the space in which the problem is to be solved; (2) sparse and noisy data can be used without relying only on the relations deducible from the data itself; (3) the output of the inference algorithm is supported by an interpretable justification. We demonstrate our approach in two domains: (1) Topic Modeling: We form topics using connectivity in semantic graphs. We use the same topic models for two very different recommendation systems, one designed for high noise interactive applications and the other for large amounts of web data. (2) Analogy Solving: For humans, analogies are a fundamental reasoning pattern, which relies on abstraction and comparative analysis. In order for an analogy to be understood, precise relations have to be identified and mapped. We introduce graph algorithms to assess the analogy strength in contexts derived from the analogy words. We demonstrate our approach by solving standardized test analogy question.
Support and the Group: Generic Treatment Form

Although casework literature has dealt extensively with support, environmental modification, and clarification, these can be observed in social group work practice and have been described in part in social group work writings. They have not, how ever, been conceptualized as part of a treat ment form in social group work. Increasing skill in social group work practice, which is aimed at the growth of the individual in the group, has brought us to the point where greater consideration of method and technique is inevitable. This is not to say that group workers should become technicians unconcerned with
Added Fat, Ipropran, and Rofenaid in Diets of Breeder Turkeys

Abstract Using 216 Large White breeder female turkeys, a 24-week experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of adding 6% fat, .05% Ipropran and .025% Rofenaid to their diets. The addition of 6% stabilized animal and vegetable fat to the diets reduced feed consumption 9.9%, decreased energy consumption 2.9%, slightly increased body weight gains, and did not significantly affect production, fertility or hatchability of eggs. The additions of Ipropran and Rofenaid were observed to be safe as indicated by their non-effect on any of the parameters measured.
Biology of Dinarmus acutus, a Chalcidoid Parasite of the Vetch Bruchid

Under laboratory conditions, D. acutus females of the spring generation produced both non-diapausing and diapausing individuals, the summer brood produced only diapausing larvae. Few adults were recovered in the field during July or early August, and more between mid-August to September. Males emerged 2-3 days earlier than females. A female maled only once and oviposited from day 40-67. A female produced 35 offspring in a sex ratio of ca. 1:1. The net reproductive rate of the species ( Ro ) was 17.11, its intrinsic rate ( rm ) was 0.3118, and the mean length of the non-diapausing generation was 9.1 wk. Females preferred mature bruchid-infested vetch pods and 4th instars. The egg was deposited within the cavity of the seed on the surface of the bruchid host. Upon hatching, the external parasite underwent 3 larval instars and if univoltine, overwintered as a 3rd instar within vetch seeds. The life cycle of the non-overwintering brood required about 24 days from egg to adult and the overwintering brood required ca. 10 months for completion.
PRACTICAL TESTS OF PLACENTAL FUNCTION.

Cytologic examination of exfoliated cells from the vagina shows promise as a reliable way to assess endocrine balance in pregnancy. Chemical measurements of urinary estriol yield important information concerning placental function and fetal environment. Criteria have been established which permit recognition of fetal jeopardy. The tests can be conducted in any modern hospital.
Architecture and Key Technology of a Data Mining Platform Based on Cloud Computing

There are performance bottlenecks and scalability problems when a traditional data-mining system is used in cloud computing. In this paper, we present a data-mining platform based on cloud computing. Compared with a traditional data mining system, this platform is highly scalable, has massive data processing capacity, is service-oriented, and has low hardware cost. This platform can support the design and applications of a wide range of distributed data-mining systems. It can greatly decrease the amount of investment needed by telecom operators and enterprises on data mining technologies. It can also shorten the development cycle, speed up the launch of mining services, and improve product revenue.
Introduction to Many-Body Physics

A modern, graduate-level introduction to many-body physics in condensed matter, this textbook explains the tools and concepts needed for a research-level understanding of the correlated behavior of quantum fluids. Starting with an operator-based introduction to the quantum field theory of many-body physics, this textbook presents the Feynman diagram approach, Green's functions and finite-temperature many-body physics before developing the path integral approach to interacting systems. Special chapters are devoted to the concepts of Fermi liquid theory, broken symmetry, conduction in disordered systems, superconductivity and the physics of local-moment metals. A strong emphasis on concepts and numerous exercises make this an invaluable course book for graduate students in condensed matter physics. It will also interest students in nuclear, atomic and particle physics.
Harnessing shared antigens and T-cell receptors in cancer: Opportunities and challenges.

Blockade of inhibitory immune checkpoints (ICPs) has led to impressive clinical regressions in some patients with tumors like lung cancer or melanoma, which often carry a high mutational load (1). Somatic mutations expressed by tumor cells can provide a rich source of neoantigens, and it has been suggested that T cells against these antigens may be targets of ICP blockade (2, 3). Because the targets of somatic mutations typically differ in individual tumors, neoantigen-specific T cells exhibit little shared reactivity. However, mutational loads in human cancers vary greatly, and several solid tumors (e.g., hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, ovarian cancer, colon cancer), as well as hematological or pediatric tumors, often carry a much lower mutational burden (4). Interestingly, even in tumor types that typically do not express high mutational burden, the degree of T-cell infiltration predicts improved survival (5). There is an unmet need to understand and harness the properties of T cells infiltrating such tumors better. In PNAS, Munson et al. (6) identify several shared T-cell receptors in T cells infiltrating HLA A2+ human breast cancers. These findings may set the stage for novel approaches to harness these T cells for therapy or prevention. Most of the tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) express αβ T-cell receptor (TCR), with … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: kavita.dhodapkar{at}yale.edu or madhav.dhodapkar{at}yale.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Electoral Institutions and Legislative Particularism

How do electoral institutions affect legislative behavior? Though a large body of theoretical scholarship posits a negative relationship between multimember districting and the provision of particularistic goods, empirical scholarship has found little evidence in support of this expectation. Using data on the provision of US post offices from 1876 to 1896, a period during which many states elected congressional representatives from at-large districts, and a differences-in-differences approach, I find that counties represented by at-large representatives received approximately 8% fewer post offices. The results have important implications for studying how electoral institutions affect incentives for legislative behavior.
Distributed Decoding in Cooperative Communications

In this paper, we present a novel relaying strategy called distributed and partial decoding. This strategy can be viewed as a variation of the decode and forward with the difference that the relay partially decodes the signal, re-transmits it to the destination, and the destination continues the decoding. By distributing the decoding process between the relay and the destination, the relay uses less processing power and less time. This is very suitable for practical applications in which relays are battery-operated (such as handsets) and do not want to use all their battery power on relaying the data of other users.
Portal Vein Inflow From Enlarged Coronary Vein in Liver Transplantation: Surgical Approach and Technical Tips: A Case Report

Portal vein thrombosis is common in patients with end-stage liver disease, with an incidence as high as 26% in liver transplant candidates. It is known to be associated with a high risk of morbidity and mortality posttransplantation, and its management can be challenging. The management options range from a simple thrombendvenectomy to multivisceral transplantation in cases with diffuse portomesenteric thrombosis. We report a case of liver transplantation in which we performed a rare reconstruction of the portal vein. Briefly, the patient had diffuse portomesenteric thrombosis, calcified aneurysmosis, and a large collateral coronary vein, to which we directly anastomosed the donor portal vein in an end-to-side fashion. This report describes a unique surgical approach for similar cases of severe portal vein thrombosis in liver transplant candidates.
Disseminated cat-scratch disease presenting as nausea, diarrhea, and weight loss without fever in a heart transplant recipient.

We report the case of an afebrile 59-year-old heart transplant recipient presenting with nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, and diffuse lymphadenopathy. Lymph node biopsies revealed non-caseating granulomatous inflammation. Cat-scratch disease was confirmed by serologic studies, Warthin-Starry staining, and polymerase chain reaction testing of lymph node tissue. The patient's symptoms resolved with 3 months of doxycycline. We review clinical presentations of Bartonella henselae infection in and review diagnostic approaches for B. henselae in this patient population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Quality Indicator for Epilepsy Treatment 15 (QUIET-15): Intervening after recurrent seizures in the elderly

Abstract In this study, we examined the provision of care to older adults with epilepsy and compliance with the “Quality Indicator for Epilepsy Treatment 15” (QUIET-15) measure. We analyzed 2008–2010, 5% random sample of Medicare beneficiaries augmented with data from all beneficiaries who identified as a minority with claims related to seizures (780.3x) or epilepsy (345.xx). Of 36,912 identified epilepsy cases, 12.6% had ≥ 1 emergency room (ER) visit for seizure(s). For those who presented to ER, among those taking anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), AED was changed in 15.4%, dose adjusted in 19.7%, and stopped in 14.9%; among those not taking AED, therapy was initiated in 68.5%. In adjusted logistic regressions, African–Americans were more likely to have recurrent seizures than Whites (OR 1.41, 95%CI 1.27–1.56), while Asians were less likely to have recurrent seizures (OR 0.71, 95%CI 0.57–0.89). There were no significant racial/ethnic differences in the likelihood of a post-seizure intervention. The chance of seizure recurrence leading to ER visit decreased with age and increased with the number of comorbidities. Patients with seizure recurrence were more likely to be taking an enzyme-inducing AED (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.57–1.82) and receiving Part D Low Income Subsidy (OR 1.36, 95%CI 1.22–1.51). The probability of AED change after a seizure was higher for patients with ≥ 4 comorbidities (OR 1.69, 95%CI 1.25–2.27), patients who saw a neurologist (OR 1.49, 95%CI 1.30–1.70), and patients who were taking an enzyme-inducing AED (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.27–1.71). Overall, a minority of Medicare beneficiaries experienced seizure recurrence that resulted in an ER visit. However, only half of them received treatment concordant with QUIET-15. Though racial differences were observed in occurrence of seizures, none were noted in the provision of care.
Myth 9: Corporations Represent Economic Freedom

Myth: Corporations are an integral part of the free market and exemplify the ideals of the successful entrepreneur. Any encroachment by the state on the way a company runs its business endangers individual freedom and the free market. Government should stop protecting Americans from their most productive organizations. Competition ensures that firms operate in consumers’ interest and treat their employees well.
Critical ingredient: US aid to counterinsurgency in Colombia

In assisting states facing insurgencies, few subjects are more vital than understanding the manner in which external aid can be applied in a sustainable manner. Colombia, touted by proponents as a ...
Head trauma and posttraumatic seizures

A 44-year-old, right-handed, white male presents for an evaluation and opinion regarding the underlying etiology of his seizures. The patient had his first seizure in the summer of 2009. This occurred out of sleep. He noted significant work-related stress and alcohol usage the night before. His girlfriend awoke in the early morning hours when the patient experienced a generalized tonic-clonic seizure. He bit the left side of his tongue and had post-event confusion. He returned to sleep but had a second generalized tonic–clonic seizure 30 min later. EEG was normal awake and asleep. He was prescribed levetiracetam but did not take it for a long term. He did well until October 2010, when he had a third nocturnal generalized tonic–clonic seizure. This event was preceded by sleep deprivation for over 24 h, significant alcohol use, and the use of cocaine. His girlfriend awoke to vocalizations associated with a convulsion. He was replaced on levetiracetam 500 mg twice daily. Review of risk factors for epilepsy disclosed that he had been involved in a motor vehicle accident in 1985 where he sustained a skull fracture that was associated with a loss of consciousness for approximately 5 days. He did not require neurosurgical intervention and recovered. He was later involved in an altercation in 1996 and was stabbed near his right eye, from which he also recovered. No family history of seizures, meningitis or encephalitis, stroke, brain tumor, brain surgery, migraines, collagen vascular disease, or febrile convulsions was evident. A brain MRI was obtained (Fig. 13.1).
Touring Convex Bodies - A Conic Programming Solution.

We study the problem of finding a shortest tour visiting a given sequence of convex bodies in R. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to attack the problem in its full generality: we investigate high-dimensional cases (d ≥ 2); we consider convex bodies bounded by (hyper)planes and/or (hyper)spheres; we do not restrict the start and the goal positions of the tour to be single points, we measure the length of the tour according to either Euclidean or L1 metric. Formulating the problem as a second order cone program (SOCP) makes it possible to incorporate distance constraints, which cannot be handled by a purely geometric algorithm. We implemented the SOCP in MATLAB and obtained its solution with the SeDuMi package. We ran computational experiments, which suggest that the proposed solution is practical. Finally, we present NP-hardness results, showing that the assumptions we make in the statement of our problems are crucial for the problems to be tractable.
Flipping the Marketing Research Classroom: Teaching with Team-Based Learning: An Abstract

Team-based learning (TBL) is “a specific sequence of activities and feedback designed to quickly change groups of individual students into high-performance learning teams in which participants know each other, need each other and hold each other accountable for preparation and contribution (Sweet and Michaelsen 2012, p. 18).” Theoretical support for TBL is provided in Sweet and Michaelsen (2007).
Strikethrough Calcutta: Poetics and Politics of Interruption in Satyajit Ray's and Mrinal Sen's Calcutta Trilogies

AbstractWhile Satyajit Ray's Calcutta trilogy is often studied for the manner in which he uses the cinematic media to depict urbanization and its discontents, Mrinal Sen's trilogy is contextualized...
Nondestructive Evaluation of the Residual Life of Steel-Belted Radial Truck Tires

Underinflated (80% or less than recommended operating cold inflation pressures or runflat) radial truck tires can be subjected to steel cord fatigue damage in the upper sidewall area caused by overflexing of the tire. When the tire is being serviced, often during the retreading or during remounting and inflation steps, weakened cords may break with rupture of the tire upper side wall with potential catastrophic consequences such as loss of life. This failure mode of a truck tire is usually called the Zipper Break Mode. Following the American Retreaders Association (ARA), “Zipper” is a term used in industry to describe a rupture that occurs in the sidewall flex area of a medium or light duty truck’s steel belted radial tires. The rupture normally ranges from 12 inches (30.5 cm) to 36 inches (91.4 cm) around the radius of the tire, releasing an air pressure wave that can cause serious injury or even death. Some nondestructive testing devices, such as the ones based upon radioscopy, may show (but not always) this hazard condition if the cords are already broken. However, this approach is expensive and, if the cords are not yet broken, radioscopy does not evaluate the residual strength of the tire side walls, which has the potential to lead to a very serious safety hazard condition.
The Increased Risk of Cancer in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: Potential Mechanisms

Theories on a connection between diabetes, obesity, and cancer have existed for over a century. In 1910, despite their elusive etiologies, Maynard hypothesized that a correlation between diabetes and cancer could exist, as both conditions were increasing in prevalence and had similar age distributions.
Symbiosis of Coupled Systems of Fusion D-3He Satellites and Tritium and 3He Generators

A model for the analysis of the growth rates of the reactor economies, the associated material flows, the energy balances of a system of coupled D-3He satellites and 3He generators, and fusion, hyb...
Meeting New York State Requirements for Clinical Laboratory Science Licensure at a Liberal Arts College

Clinical Laboratory Science (CLS) programs are most students’ sources of guidance for entry level curricular content areas and their related coverage on the American Society for Clinical Pathology Board of Certification exams. However, in states that offer Clinical Laboratory Science licensure such as New York, licensure eligibility requirements may not align with board exam eligibility requirements. The differences can include curricular expectations that may exceed the entry level curriculum, and a minimum number of hours of supervised clinical experience. This article will detail the licensure eligibility requirements for Clinical Laboratory Science programs in New York, and explore how those requirements impacted the design of the Clinical Laboratory Science program at Nazareth College. Nazareth College’s program opened in the fall of 2014 with goals of meeting students’ educational needs, preparing students for certification exams, and meeting all requirements for licensure eligibility. Utilizing a multi-faceted approach to provide comprehensive didactic, laboratory, and clinical learning, the program met these goals within its initial four years.
Stabilizing single atoms and a lower oxidation state of Cu by a ½[110]{100} edge dislocation in Cu − Ce O 2

Stabilizing atomically dispersed catalytic metal species at surfaces is a significant challenge for obtaining high-performance single atom catalysts. This is because of the strong tendency for the dispersed metal atoms to agglomerate. We propose that dislocations can provide a strong anchor for stabilizing single atoms. A \textonehalf{}[110]{100} edge dislocation in Cu doped ceria, $\mathrm{Cu}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Ce}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, is investigated as a model system with density functional theory. The defect formation energies are found to be lower at the dislocation core, with a large segregation energy ranging within 0.8--2.5 eV depending on the site and species at the dislocation core. The high segregation energy indicates that the edge dislocations can enrich Cu defects in an atomically sized area and, thus, have a potential to strongly anchor single atom species at surfaces. Moreover, the edge dislocation also stabilizes reduced cation species, Cu (1+) and Ce (3+). The more reduced dislocation core can offer high concentration of oxygen vacancy as well as in-gap electronic states which provide more reactivity for surface reactions.
Parent and Hybrid Neuroblastoma Cells in Culture as a Model System for Neuronal Function

Parent and hybrid neuroblastoma cells lines have been extensively used to study certain aspects of neurobiology. In vitro hybridization of somatic cells of dissimilar differentiated types results in extinction of some differentiated phenotypes, continued expression of others, and even activation of some traits.1 In order to understand the mechanism of regulation of differentiated functions in nerve cells, mouse neuroblastoma cells have been fused with three different cell types: fibroblasts, glioma cells, and sympathetic ganglion cells.
Impact of Use Conditions on Dielectric and Conductor Material Models for High-Speed Package Interconnects

Use conditions based on temperature and humidity can have a significant impact on the package material properties and loss, which is required to be included in modeling assumptions to be able to set realistic specifications. The dielectric loss is affected by both temperature and humidity through material properties. The conductor loss, however, is affected by only temperature explicitly through conductivity and implicitly through skin depth and surface roughness modeling. This paper presents a systematic use condition-dependent methodology for package high-speed interconnects including a robust dielectric material characterization metrology. Correlation to high fidelity insertion loss measurements at different temperatures indicates that the roughness correction factor extracted at one temperature does not fit all and leads to underestimating the loss at higher temperatures. Without loss of generality due to a unified form of correction factors of the existing common roughness models, a modified version of Huray’s snowball model with an explicit temperature dependence is proposed to achieve high-quality on-package interconnect loss correlation at different temperatures.
Long-term monitoring provides insight into estuarine top predator (Carcharhinus leucas) resilience following an extreme weather event

Chronic environmental change threatens biodiversity, but acute disturbance events present more rapid and immediate threats. In 2010, a cold snap across south Florida had wide-ranging impacts, including negative effects on recreational fisheries, agriculture, and ecological communities. Here, we use acoustic telemetry and historical longline monitoring to assess the long-term implications of this event on juvenile bull sharks Carcharhinus leucas in the Florida Everglades. Despite the loss of virtually all individuals (ca. 90%) within the Shark River Estuary during the cold snap, the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of age 0 sharks on longlines recovered through recruitment within 6-8 mo of the event. Acoustic telemetry revealed that habitat use patterns of age 0-2 sharks reached an equilibrium in 4-6 yr. In contrast, the CPUE and habitat use of age 3 sharks required 5-7 yr to resemble pre-cold snap patterns. Environmental conditions and predation risk returned to previous levels within 1 yr of the cold snap, but abundances of some prey species remained depressed for several years. Reduced prey availability may have altered the profitability of some microhabitats after the cold snap, leading to more rapid ontogenetic shifts to marine waters among sharks for several years. Accelerated ontogenetic shifts coupled with inter-individual behavioral variability of bull sharks likely led to a slower recovery rate than predicted based on overall shark CPUE. While intrinsic variation driven by stochasticity in dynamic ecosystems may increase the resistance of species to chronic and acute disturbance, it may also increase recovery time in filling the diversity of niches occupied prior to disturbance if resistive capacity is exceeded.
Potassium isotope fractionation during chemical weathering of basalts

Abstract Non-traditional stable isotopes (e.g., Li, Mg, and Si) are increasingly used as tracers for studying Earth's surface processes. The isotopes of potassium (K), a highly soluble and mobile element during weathering, could be a promising new tracer for continental weathering; however, the K isotopic variations in weathering profile has not been directly studied due to previous analytical difficulties. Recent high-precision measurements revealed that K isotopes in global river waters are fractionated from the Bulk Silicate Earth (BSE) value, indicating they are influenced by chemical weathering of the crust. Isotopic fractionation during chemical weathering is one of several processes that could ultimately lead to ∼0.6‰ difference of δ 41 K between the BSE and modern seawater. In order to determine the direction and controlling factors of K isotopic fractionation during basalt weathering, especially under intense weathering conditions, we measured K isotopic compositions in two sets of bauxite developed on the Columbia River Basalts, together with fresh parental basalt and aeolian deposit samples using a recently developed high-precision method. Results show that K isotopic variations among fresh basalts and aeolian dust are limited, close to the BSE value. Extreme K depletion (>99%) and K isotopic fractionation ( δ 41 K up to 0.5 ‰) are observed in bauxite drill cores due to intense chemical weathering. The top of the weathering profiles shows less depletion in K abundances and the δ 41 K values are closer to those of the fresh basalts and aeolian dusts, likely due to addition of aeolian dust at the tops of both profiles. The weathered products are generally depleted in heavy K isotopes, which is consistent with heavier K isotopic compositions observed in river water and seawater. The δ 41 K in bauxites displays a positive correlation with K2O contents as well as δ 7 Li, indicating the behaviors of K and Li isotopes are comparable during chemical weathering. This study shows that K concentrations and its isotopic compositions are sensitive tracers of chemical weathering and could be good weathering proxies over Earth's history.
Referenced Based Color Transfer for Medical Volume Rendering.

The benefits of medical imaging are enormous. Medical images provide considerable amounts of anatomical information and this facilitates medical practitioners in performing effective disease diagnosis and deciding upon the best course of medical treatment. A transition from traditional monochromatic medical images like CT scans, X-Rays, or MRI images to a colored 3D representation of the anatomical structure could further aid medical professionals in extracting valuable medical information. The proposed framework in our research starts with performing color transfer by finding deep semantic correspondence between two medical images: a colored reference image, and a monochromatic CT scan or an MRI image. We extend this idea of reference based colorization technique to perform colored volume rendering from a stack of grayscale medical images. Furthermore, we also propose to use an effective reference image recommendation system to aid for selection of good reference images. With our approach, we successfully perform colored medical volume visualization and essentially eliminate the painstaking process of user interaction with a transfer function to obtain color parameters for volume rendering.
ADJUSTING OUTPUT AND PRODUCTIVITY INDEXES FOR CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF TRADE

In this paper we employ index number theory in addressing the problem of adjusting real national income and real domestic product for changes in a country's terms of trade. More specifically, using recent developments in the theory of production, we address the problems related to measuring: (i) real output produced and real input utilized by the private business sector;(ii) productivity growth or technical change; (iii) the effects on domestic real output of changes in the terms of trade; and (iv) the impact on final sales to domestic purchasers of changes in the balance of payments deficit, in a consistent accounting framework.This treatment of international trade allows us to undertake comparative statics analyses using only production theory, whereas in the traditional paradigm which treats traded goods as perfectly substitutable with a class of domestic goods, a general equilibrium framework is required. We illustrate our suggested solutions using U.S. data for the years 1968-82.
Imlifidase as a Potential Treatment for Antibody-Mediated Rejection

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) is implicated as the leading cause of late kidney allograft failure. Current therapies inadequately control the antibody response and persistent donor-specific antibodies lead to chronic ABMR and allograft failure. Imlifidase is an IgG endopeptidase derived from Streptococcus pyogenes that cleaves human IgG into F(ab’)2 and Fc fragments, thereby protecting against complement-dependent cytotoxicity and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Favorable outcomes with its use for desensitization in HLA-incompatible kidney transplantation have engendered interest in its use for ABMR. The experiences with imlifidase for a variety of antibody-mediated diseases, including anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, and desensitization in HLA-incompatible kidney transplantation, are reviewed to provide a rationale for using imlifidase to treat ABMR in kidney transplantation. Imlifidase is currently being evaluated in comparison to plasmapheresis in a clinical trial and is a potential therapy for ABMR in kidney transplantation.
Mitochondrial DNA RFLP in genus Oryza and cultivated rice

Ninety-three accessions representing 23 species from the genus Oryza were surveyed for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in mitochondrial (mt) DNA by probing total DNA with 15 known mt sequences cloned in plasmids from higher plants, and five mt genomic cosmid clones from maize. Very low levels of intra-specific and even intra-cytologically-defined nuclear genome mt DNA RFLP were found. High between-genome differentiation appeared, suggesting phylogenetic relationships consistent with data from previous nuclear and chloroplast (cp) DNA studies. Parallel inheritance of cp and mt DNA was found. There was one major exception: the mt DNA of the allotetraploid CD genome is apparently equally related to two putative diploid progenitors, which is suggestive of an interspecific recombination. RRLP in mt DNA was also probed in 82 cultivars, with four plasmid probes. Some bands not seen in the wild species appeared in O. sativa, with intra-specific polymorphism relatively higher than in the wild species. The pattern of variation paralleled that at the cp DNA level between the indica and japonica subspecies.
Dynamic Typing with Dependent Types

Dependent type systems are promising tools programmers can use to increase the reliability and security of their programs. Unfortunately, dependently-typed programming languages require programmers to annotate their programs with many typing specifications to help guide the type checker. This paper shows how to make the process of programming with dependent types more palatable by defining a language in which programmers have fine-grained control over the trade-off between the number of dependent typing annotations they must place on programs and the degree of compile-time safety. More specifically, certain program fragments are marked dependent, in which case the programmer annotates them in detail and a dependent type checker verifies them at compile time. Other fragments are marked simple, in which case they may be annotation-free and dependent constraints are verified at run time.
Multiple Orders in Multiple Venues: The Reform of Married Women's Property Rights, 1839-1920

Author(s): Chatfield, Sara Nell | Advisor(s): Schickler, Eric | Abstract: Beginning in 1839 and continuing through the early twentieth century, the American states passed increasingly liberal laws expanding married women's property rights. These Married Women's Property Laws extended to married women a range of new economic rights, including rights to own property, take out mortgages, sign and enforce contracts, and appear in court under their own name. In almost every state, these significant legal changes took place before women had the right to vote, and they were largely driven by male constitutional convention delegates, legislators, and judges. These male actors, working in a range of political venues, pushed for reforms for reasons rooted in the political orders of liberalism and gender hierarchy. This episode of rights expansion helps us understand both the possible pathways for rights reform when the group in question does not have the vote, and the ways in which an indirect reform process can lead to incomplete liberalization of rights. I analyze the passage of MWPAs from a variety of perspectives, incorporating analyses of political change in multiple venues (state legislatures, state courts, and state constitutional conventions), four case studies from different regions, and quantitative analyses using data on all 48 states. I then examine the longer-term impact of these laws in a discussion of protective labor legislation during the Progressive Era.
Biopiling of creosote contaminated soil

Abstract An abandoned wood-treating facility in south Mississippi was the site of a year-long field-scale study. The facility produced creosote-treated railroad cross-ties and marine pilings, and released creosote wastes into the environment for almost forty years. The magnitude of contamination through soil contact, accidental spills, and disposal of creosote wastes in unlined disposal pits was great. Bioremediation of organic compounds has been successfully employed at many sites, however physical factors can be rate limiting. biopiling enhances aerobic catabolism of creosote by injection of air into piles of contaminated soil. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of forced air injection, addition of kenaf, and application of Cladosporium sp. fungus in enhancing creosote biodegradation and to determine if biopiling could be considered for future remediation at similar sites. Creosote contaminated soil was excavated and mixed to construct 12 study piles, 4 m long×3 m wide×1 m high, in three randomized blocks of four treatments, namely controls, vented, vented with 1% kenaf (by volume) and vented with 1% kenaf and Cladosporium sp. Sampling was at 45 day intervals for one year, and soil samples were extracted according to EPA method 3540 and analyzed for 17 selected PAHs and by EPA method 8100. An overall decrease in concentration occurred from day 0 to 360 for all treatments with the majority of decrease occurring by day 45, with PAH concentrations reaching a stable plateau after day 90. Surprisingly, no significant differences existed between treatments at day 360 from any group of PAHs. If the rapid degradation rates evident at the beginning of the study could be maintained, then biopiling would be the treatment of choice at many creosote contaminated sites.