cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Role of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in Oligometastatic, Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer

2011 and had a preoperative 3T multiparametric erMRI comprised the study cohort. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses in all men and the 100 with favorable-risk PC to analyze whether erMRI evidence of T3 disease was associated with prostatectomy T3 or Gleason score (GS) 8-10 (in patients with biopsy GS 7) PC, adjusting for age, PSA level, clinical T-category, biopsy GS, and percent positive biopsies. Results: The accuracy of erMRI for extracapsular extension and seminal vesicle invasion was 75% and 95%, respectively. For all men, erMRI evidence of a T3 lesion vs. T2 was associated with increased odds of pT3 disease (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 4.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.36, 16.98), p Z 0.015) and pGS 8-10 (AOR 5.56, CI (1.10, 28.18), p Z 0.038). In men with favorable-risk disease, these results (Table) were AOR 4.14, CI (1.03, 16.56), p Z 0.045 and AOR 7.71, CI (1.36, 43.62), p Z 0.021, respectively. Conclusion: Three-T multiparametric erMRI in men with favorable-risk PC provides information beyond that contained in known preoperative predictors about the presence of occult extraprostatic and/or high-grade PC which can be used to counsel men who plan to undergo RP or radiation therapy (RT) about the possible need for adjuvant RT or the clinical utility of adding hormone therapy, respectively. Author Disclosure: J. Hegde: None. M. Chen: None. R.V. Mulkern: None. F.M. Fennessy: None. C.M. Tempany: None. A.V. D’Amico: None.
Developing Teacher Capacity for Serving ELLs' Writing Instructional Needs: A Case for Systemic Functional Linguistics.

Abstract Although explicit grammar instruction has been a source of considerable debate in second-language teaching, increasingly educational linguists assert instruction in academic language is critical, given the current assessment reform in K–12 contexts. Of particular concern is that contemporary English-Language-Learner (ELL) instruction focuses on making the content comprehensible to ELLs in a manner that may lead to inadequate exposure to academic language, which is considered paramount to ELLs' educational success. Therefore, it is necessary to develop methods for increasing teachers' capacity to address this issue instructionally. Informed by Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL), this study presents the effectiveness and instructional impact of a professional-development program designed to increase teachers' understanding of the characteristics of academic language. Differences in teacher evaluations of student work prior to and after SFL training suggest that teachers were better able to analy...
Repositioning of partially dislodged Greenfield filters from the right atrium by use of a tip deflection wire

Abstract Dislodgement of a Greenfield filter in the right atrium is one of the most serious complications of this procedure. Retrieval of such a misplaced filter may require surgical intervention by means of cardiopulmonary bypass surgery, which is very hazardous in these often severely ill patients. We describe two cases in which the filter became partially dislodged from its carrier in the right atrium. We were able to successfully reposition the filter by using a tip deflection wire, thereby obviating the need for an open cardiac procedure. (J VASC SURG 1990;12:70-2.)
Crystals and structures of cytochrome c oxidases — the end of an arduous road

Crystal structures of cytochrome c oxidases, one of which is the largest membrane-bound protein complex crystallized to date in a form suitable for X-ray diffraction, have recently been solved. The information from these accomplishments confirms many of the structural properties known from earlier spectroscopic and analytical studies, and provides a basis for understanding the complex mechanisms of electron transfer and proton pumping.
Three-dimensional properties of GnRH neuroterminals in the median eminence of young and old rats.

The decapeptide GnRH that regulates reproduction in all vertebrates is stored in, and secreted from, large dense-core secretory vesicles in nerve terminals in the median eminence. GnRH is released from these terminals with biological rhythms that are critical for the maintenance of normal reproduction. During reproductive aging in female rats, there is a loss of GnRH pulses and a diminution of the GnRH surge. However, information about the specific role of GnRH nerve terminals is lacking, particularly in the context of aging. We sought to gain novel ultrastructural information about GnRH neuroterminals by performing three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of GnRH neuroterminals and their surrounding microenvironment in the median eminence of young (4-5 month) and old (22-24 month) ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley female rats. Median eminence tissues were freeze-plunge embedded, and serial ultrathin sections were collected on slot grids for immunogold labeling of GnRH immunoreactivity. Sequential images were used to create 3D models of GnRH terminals. These reconstructions provided novel perspectives into the morphological properties of GnRH terminals, and their neural and glial environment. We also noted that the cytoarchitectural features of the median eminence became disorganized with aging. Quantitative measures showed a significant decrease in the apposition between GnRH terminal membranes and glial cells. Our data suggest reproductive aging in rats is characterized by structural organizational changes to the GnRH terminal microenvironment in the median eminence.
Settling velocity of glass shards

Abstract Except for pumice fragments, glass shards of different types settle with velocities considerably less than quartz at 1 2 mm (1 φ), but at about the same velocity as quartz in sizes thn 1 16 mm (> 4· φ. Hence pipette analyses (based upon Stokes' law) are valid for samples with abundant bubble-wall shards, but not for samples with abundant pumice shards. The data may be directly applied to submarine volcaniclastic sedimentation. Sand-sized glass shards, for example, become quickly separated in water from their cogenetic grains. Therefore, in areas of successive eruptions, feldspar or quartz may reach the sea bottom at the same time as glass shards from a previous eruption.
The murine kappa light chain shift.

THE immunoglobulins of mice and other animals consist of several distinct heavy chains associated with either of two light chains (κ or λ). Adult animals of different species produce immunoglobulins which demonstrate widely divergent ratios of κ to λ light chains. In mice, most of B-cell surface immunoglobulins possess κ light chains1. However, as all previous work on the ratio of κ/λ immunoglobulins was based on experiments with adult animals, the possibility that immature populations of B cells may demonstrate a more evenly balanced ratio of κ to λ positive cells was investigated. In this study, populations of cells known to contain immature B lymphocytes were examined by indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of κ and λ positive cells. The results demonstrate that fetal liver, bone marrow and spleens from young mice contain B cell populations with a κ/λ ratio approaching unity. In the spleen, the κ/λ ratio increased as a function of age with the most dramatic shift occurring between 4 and 6 weeks of age. A similar, but less dramatic increase in the κ/λ ratio occurs in the bone marrow. Based on these data, we propose that the final predominance of κ-bearing cells is based on a two-stage process. Initially, there is an equal probability of κ or lambda; light chain expression at the cell surface. However, the κ-bearing cells, which possess a more abundant repertoire of Vκ genes, eventually predominate as a result of antigen driven clonal expansion.
Hard physics at STAR

Preliminary results for the production of high transverse momentum hadrons are reported from the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Negative hadron spectra for 2 1.5 GeV/c. An initial measurement of the flavor dependence of baryon production at pT ≤ 2.25 GeV/c is also presented and discussed.
SEXUALIZING THE SOCIALOGICAL: Queering and Querying the Intimate Substructure of Social Life

This presidential address explores the sexual substructure of everyday life.1 I focus on the intimate connections among sexuality, race, and ethnicity. Masculinist heterosexuality is a central component of the bedrock upon which ethinic boundaries rest; and feminism, unruly female sexuality, and homosexuality are three cracks in that foundation. To illustrate the usefulness of understanding the sexualized dimensions of racial and ethnic relations, and social life in general, I provide four examples of the importance of considering sexuality in race, ethinicity, and nationalism: sex and nationalism, sex and urban residential segregation, sex and conquest, and sex and race. In all four sections, I attempt to reveal the sexual substructure of social life. Moreover, I urge sociologists to consider sexuality and the role of sexual systems in their own research.
Correlation functions of the two-mode ring laser

The intensity and amplitude correlation functions of the optical field of a ring laser at line center are calculated, under conditions when the two pump parameters corresponding to the counter-rotating traveling wave modes are not necessarily equal. This represents a generalization of earlier treatments by M-Tehrani and Mandel (1978) and Hioe (1978). The laser is assumed to be at rest. A perturbative technique is used to express the correlation functions for a small difference $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$ of pump parameters in terms of the solutions for $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=0$. It is found that the cross correlations are unchanged to the first order in $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$, whereas the autocorrelations both of the light amplitude and of the light intensity are modified. Curves are presented to illustrate the behavior.
Anatomy of the cerebral ganglion of the female acanthocephalan, Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus.

An atlas of the cerebral ganglion of M. hirudinaceus has been constructed and the cells identified by number. There is a total of eighty-six cells, three of which are binucleate. These cells (30, 80 and 90) are located in the frontal plane. Most cells give rise to bilateral processes and are organized in such a way that there is an outer coat of somata or cell bodies and a center core or neuropile. Some cell processes are 8 μ in diameter and most exit the ganglion via nerves of the opposite side. The cytoarchitecture of these cells indicates most have perinuclear rings and a well defined nucleolus. However, considerable variation occurs in number and distribution of cytoplasmic granules.
The preparation of textured Te thin films with pronounced acicular morphology and concomitant high absorptivity

The dependence of surface morphology, and resultant absorptivity, on deposition angle for vacuum deposited Te films has been studied. A deposition angle of 80° was found to yield surface morphologies comprised of acicular crystallites of appropriate dimension and geometry for the trapping of solar incident radiation through multiple reflection. Solar absorptivities across the visible spectrum as high as 95% are manifested by such surfaces.
Maximization, Marriage, and Residence among the So*

Cet article examine les ramifications economiques de la date et de la residence post-nuptiale chez les So du Nord-est de lOuganda. On y etudie les aspects ecologiques et dorganisation sociale en plus de decrire completement les coutumes reliees au mariage. Un certain nombre dhypotheses deductives specifiques sont mises a lessai par les techniques statistiques ou on met en relation les privations economiques et les comportements deconomies. Lallocation des ressources pour constituer une dot apparait comme etant une utilisation secondare du betail. Lorsque les ressources deviennent rares les So se preoccupent davantage des profits a court terme: ils realignent alors les mecanismes dallocation des ressources. Le choix de la residence apparait alors comme etant une importante technique de maximiser le rendement des decisions. En dernier lieu, deux hypotheses deductives generales, suggerees par les donnees sur les So, sont enoncees a partir de la theorie de la maximisation. Elles pourraient egalement etre verifiees dans dautres recherches sur le terrain. In this article the economic ramifications of brideprice exchange and postnuptial residence are examined for the So of northeastern Uganda. Aspects of ecology and social organization are presented and a complete description of So marriage practices is offered. A number of specific deductive hypotheses are tested statistically relating economic deprivation to economizing behaviour. Allocation of resources to brideprice is seen as only one alternative use of livestock. As resources become more scarce, the So become more concerned with proximal payoffs and thus shift the direction of allocation. Choice of residence is shown to be an important locus of maximization decisioning. Finally, two general deductive hypotheses, suggested by the So data, are generated from maximization theory and offered for testing in other field situations.
Barrier or Benefit? Emotion in Life-Career Design

Emotion permeates human life, yet receives little attention in career theory and intervention. Long seen as a barrier to avoid, recent conceptual and empirical work indicate that emotion benefits human behavior and development. Advances in the interdisciplinary science of emotion support examining the construct across differential, developmental, and social cognitive career traditions. The subjective, phenomenological, and socially constructed nature of emotion particularly suits career theory and intervention’s increasing emphases on postmodernism, constructivism, and social constructionism; implicating emotion as of principal benefit to self-construction in work and other life domains. In this regard, emotion figures prominently in motivational processes related to early memory narratives within career construction counseling and the intentionality process of life— career design. Considering emotion in life—career design may help complement vocational psychology’s long-standing foci on answering questio...
Boussinesq type solution for a transversely isotropic half-space coated with a thin film

Elasticity solution is given of the problem of a normal force acting on the surface of a transversely isotropic half-space whose free surface is coated with a thin soft film. The force is directed into the half-space. The thin film is modeled as a two-dimensional continuum in the sense of generalized plane stress. By means of Hankel transform, explicit expressions are derived for the surface displacements of the composite system.
Diurnal Variations in Atmospheric Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Endosulfan: Implications for Sampling Protocols

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and endosulfan, both semivolatile organic compounds (SOCs), exhibited large diurnal variations in concentration in Bloomington, IN (see Figure 1). Four samples per day were collected serially over a 5-day period in September 1994. For both SOCs, air samples collected in the morning had twice the concentration of samples collected at midnight. The diurnal variations tracked atmospheric temperature, with the highest concentrations recorded at the highest temperatures. An important implication for sampling SOCs is evident from this study. If one is attempting to measure the daily concentration of an SOC, sampling should be in multiples of 24 h; sampling for more or less time could lead to inaccurate results.
Improving SAR image of mine-type targets from restricted radar band data

This paper presents a method to improve the SAR image of mine-type targets from wideband radar data that contain spectral gaps. The key concept that is exploited here is the correct identification of where the radar energy gaps map into in the ground-plane spectral domain of a targetis SAR image as a function of the targetis coordinates (particularly, its depression angle) as well as the radar system parameters. Once this is established, we apply an iterative method to recover the missing data in the targetis spectral signature. This scheme is capable of not only suppressing the undesirable side-lobes but also recovering subtle coherent (phase) information in the targetis SAR signature. Results using data from a low-frequency ultra-wideband synthetic aperture radar (SAR) designed by Mirage System will be presented.
The Quantitative LOD Score: Test Statistic and Sample Size for Exclusion and Linkage of Quantitative Traits in Human Sibships

Summary We present a test statistic, the quantitative LOD (QLOD) score, for the testing of both linkage and exclusion of quantitative-trait loci in randomly selected human sibships. As with the traditional LOD score, the boundary values of 3, for linkage, and −2, for exclusion, can be used for the QLOD score. We investigated the sample sizes required for inferring exclusion and linkage, for various combinations of linked genetic variance, total heritability, recombination distance, and sibship size, using fixed-size sampling. The sample sizes required for both linkage and exclusion were not qualitatively different and depended on the percentage of variance being linked or excluded and on the total genetic variance. Information regarding linkage and exclusion in sibships larger than size 2 increased as approximately all possible pairs n(n-1)/2 up to sibships of size 6. Increasing the recombination (θ) distance between the marker and the trait loci reduced empirically the power for both linkage and exclusion, as a function of ∼(1-2θ) 4 .
Relative growth of the postcranial skeleton in callitrichines

Abstract This study presents the results and suggested functional implications of a metric analysis of skeletal size and shape variation in ontogenetic samples of three callitrichine species:Saguinus oedipus,Saguinus fuscicollis andCallithrix jacchus. Adult interspecific shape differences distinguishS. fuscicollis from the other species. The most notable of these are the intermembral and brachial indices, both of which are significantly higher inS. fuscicollis. Ontogenetic growth patterns are highly conserved across species and the species-specific patterns of growth-related change are virtually identical.Saguinus fuscicollis exhibits a significantly higher intermembral index throughout the period of ontogeny observed in this study, and has a relatively longer radius at any given size or age. The elongation of the forelimb inS. fuscicollis is best seen as an adaptation for increasing the lateral positioning of the forelimbs when foraging on the trunks of large trees.
The future's challenge to dentistry.

This paper consists of excerpts from an address delivered by Dr. Phillips, president of the American Dental Association, April 7, 1959, before the alumni of the College of Dentistry, New York University. The history of dental education is traced, the importance of the integration of dental education with the universities is stressed, and the benefits of conducting research in the dental colleges are cited.
Clinical Manifestations of the Unperforated Aortic Sinus Aneurysm

There are no diagnostic features for the recognition of unperforated aortic sinus aneurysms except for a grade 3 to 4 cardiac murmur. Linear or massive calcifications in the intracardiac portion of the root of the aorta continuous with the linear calcifications of the ascending aorta sometimes occurs in syphilitic aortic sinus aneurysms. Accordingly, a high index of suspicion and angiocardiography are advocated in order to establish the diagnosis during life. Surgical repair of a localized congenital aortic sinus aneurysm through the right atrial approach seems feasible if there are no serious complicating aortic or cardiac lesions. The diffuse unruptured aneurysmal congenital and syphilitic aortic sinus aneurysms are better left alone. If rupture occurs, surgical repair, even though heroic, should be attempted.
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone messenger RNA expression in gonadotroph tumors and normal human pituitary.

Gonadotroph tumors predominantly secrete FSH or free gonadotropin hormone subunits and rarely LH. In contrast to normal gonadotrophs, a subset of tumors synthesize FSH beta-subunit (SU) in excess of alpha-SU, and the cause of gonadotropin hormone-SU biosynthetic defects in these tumors is unknown. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is known to modify gonadotropin hormone-SU biosynthesis and secretion and may be an important determinant of gonadotroph tumor hormone regulation. Data in experimental animals have demonstrated that endogenous expression of GnRH may occur in the pituitary. We therefore determined whether 1) the GnRH gene is expressed in gonadotroph tumors and normal pituitaries using reverse transcriptase (RT)-PCR; 2) the GnRH receptor gene is co-expressed in gonadotroph tumors; 3) an alternative upstream transcriptional start site on the GnRH gene is utilized; and 4) media from primary cultures of gonadotroph tumors have detectable GnRH immunoreactivity by RIA. GnRH messenger RNA (mRNA) was...
Ethics in the Design and Conduct of Clinical Trials

The history of medicine reveals the need for clinical research. All too frequently, interventions thought to be safe and effective by clinicians prove to be otherwise. The current emphasis on “evidence-based medicine” enunciates the need for carefully obtained data from carefully conducted clinical research; yet the history of medical research in general, and clinical research in particular, has been an unfortunate and littered one in which some physician-scientists have undermined the rights and interests of the participants. While some of the most frequently cited examples of unethical research are clearly egregious, such as the dangerous experimentation on unwilling concentration camp prisoners by Nazi physicians, others are more subtle and involve the misuse of commonly employed, rigorous methods of study design such as randomization and use of placebos. While underrecognition of these issues may be the norm, recent headlines demonstrate that ethical issues associated with certain types of study designs can animate substantial debate. Witness, for example, the controversy over the use of placebo controls in trials aimed at decreasing vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus infection (1). Regardless of whether such ethical issues are overt or subtle, it is critical that persons designing, sponsoring, overseeing, conducting, reviewing, and reading the results of clinical research understand these issues so as to ensure that all persons who agree to participate in research are adequately protected.
Cenozoic evolution of sediment accumulation in deltaic and shore-zone depositional systems, Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin

Abstract Paleogeographic and volumetric lithofacies mapping of 18 Cenozoic genetic sequences within the Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin quantifies the proportional sequestering of sediment within wave-dominated shore-zone vs. deltaic systems through time. Three long-term depositional phases are revealed by plots, based on paleogeographic and sediment isochore maps, of total shore-zone system area and volume to total delta system area and volume (SZ/D). (1) SZ/D area and volume ratios are highly variable in Paleocene through Eocene sequences. However, typical volume ratios for major genetic sequences (Upper, Middle, and Lower Wilcox; Queen City (QC), and Yegua) range between 0.2 and 0.6. Minor sequences (Sparta (SP), Jackson (JS)), which record very low rates and volumes of sediment accumulation, have the greatest variability in their ratios. (2) Oligocene and Miocene sequences display consistently high proportions of shore-zone sediment. SZ/D area ratios range from 0.6 to 1.0, and volume ratios cluster between 0.4 and 0.8. (3) A substantial late Neogene decrease in SZ/D ratios is presaged in the late Miocene sequence. Pliocene and Pleistocene sequences are uniformly characterized by very low ratios of
The Role of Catalytic Converters in Automobile Carbon Monoxide Poisoning: A Case Report

Inhaling motor vehicle exhaust fumes is a common method used by people attempting to commit suicide; however, the decreased carbon monoxide concentrations found in the exhaust of late-model automobiles equipped with catalytic converters are changing the clinical presentation of exhaust inhalation.
Inductance effects and dimensionality crossover in hybrid superconducting arrays

We report measurements made on hybrid arrays consisting of superconducting wires along one direction of a square geometry and Josephson junctions along the perpendicular direction. The differential resistance Rd across the array as a function of normalized applied flux per plaquette f=Φ/Φ0 exhibits two distinct types of behavior. When the ratio β≡Lg/LJ of the geometric inductance of an array plaquette to the Josephson-junction inductance is much less than unity, we observe oscillations in Rd characteristic of a one-dimensional (1D) N-junction interferometer. However, as β approaches 1, the simultaneous suppression of interferometer oscillations and emergence of local minima in Rd at commensurate fields f=p/q (where p and q are integers) signal a crossover to behavior typical of 2D superconducting arrays. To model the experimental system, we have performed simulations of 2D arrays of Josephson junctions made anisotropic by incorporating different coupling in the two perpendicular directions (i.e., anisotropic XY model). In the limit of large anisotropy we find 1D interferometer behavior; as the anisotropy is reduced, we see a crossover to the 2D behavior familiar in isotropic arrays.
Associative Learning and Differential Information in Knowledge of Results

The hypothesis is tested that the greater S‘s uncertainty concerning his response in paired-associate learning, the greater is the amount of “information” (in the information-theory sense) contained in knowledge of results, and hence the greater the amount of learning. An exploratory experiment confirmed the hypothesis at the .05 level.
Comparative Analytical Study of Two Pt–Rh Three-way Catalysts

Pt–Rh three-way catalysts (TWCs) of two formulations were examined by electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and cross sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in order to study the effect of accelerated aging on microstructure. Both formulations have Pt and Rh applied in separate washcoat layers, Rh in a zirconia-rich outer layer and Pt in an alumina-rich inner layer(s). Microstructural analyses show that in spite of the initial separation, the precious metals inter-diffuse between the washcoat layers and alloy during aging. Following dynamometer aging the two formulations exhibited significant differences in the precious metal (PM) particle size distributions and the correlation between PM particle size and composition. These differences are attributed to the increased transport of Pt due to the presence of ceria and zirconia in the alumina-rich inner washcoat of one formulation, compared to other formulation. The presence or absence of porosity > 1 μm in diameter and differences in initial Pt distributions in the inner washcoat were also noted as possibly contributing to the PM particle growth. The transition alumina of one formulation, containing Ba, partially transformed to corundum during aging. The other formulation utilized a La-stabilized alumina which did not transform to corundum after aging.
Noninvasive cerebral oximeter as a surrogate for mixed venous saturation in children.

We evaluated the relationship between regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) measured by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) cerebral oximeter with superior vena cava (SVC), inferior vena cava (IVC), right atrium (RA), and pulmonary artery (PA) saturation measured on room air and 100% inspired oxygen administered via a non-rebreather mask (NRB) in children. Twenty nine pediatric post-orthotopic heart transplant patients undergoing an annual myocardial biopsy were studied. We found a statistically significant correlation between rSO2 and SVC saturations at room air and 100% inspired oxygen concentration via NRB (r = 0.67, p = 0.0002 on room air; r = 0.44, p = 0.02 on NRB), RA saturation (r = 0.56, p = 0.002; r = 0.56, p = 0.002), and PA saturation (r = 0.67, p < 0.001; r = 0.4, p = 0.03). A significant correlation also existed between rSO2 and measured cardiac index (r = 0.45, p = 0.01) and hemoglobin levels (r = 0.41, p = 0.02). The concordance correlations were fair to moderate. Bias and precision of rSO2 compared to PA saturations on room air were −0.8 and 13.9%, and they were 2.1 and 15.6% on NRB. A stepwise linear regression analysis showed that rSO2 saturations were the best predictor of PA saturations on both room air (p = 0.0001) and NRB (p = 0.012). In children with biventricular anatomy, rSO2 readings do correlate with mixed venous saturation.
GS-7977: a promising nucleotide analog NS5B polymerase inhibitor of HCV

Despite the approval of the protease inhibitors telaprevir and boceprevir, the treatment of hepatitis C remains difficult to manage and sustained virologic response rates have room for further improvement. GS-7977 is a nucleotide analog NS5B inhibitor currently in Phase III trials. It offers great hope in addressing the problems currently associated with pegylated interferon and protease inhibitor-based therapies. The purpose of this article is to review the development of GS-7977, the information currently available in the public domain concerning its pharmacokinetic, clinical efficacy and side-effect profile, and to evaluate the future of this drug and its integration into the hepatitis C treatment paradigm.
More duplications via adjacent inverted repeat sequences

Abstract Two previously characterized duplications in the insertion element IS2 of Escherichia coli can be described as end-products resulting from endonucleolytic cleavages of DNA at regions of potential secondary structure and subsequent DNA synthesis.
Bacterial urinary tract infections associated with transitional cell carcinoma in dogs.

Background Urinary tract infections (UTI) are believed to be common in dogs with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), but incidence and contributing factors have not been reported. Objectives To determine the frequency and bacterial agents associated with UTI in dogs with TCC and define contributing factors. Animals Eighty-five dogs with a history of urogenital TCC undergoing treatment with chemotherapy that had at least 1 urine culture performed. Methods Medical records and culture results were retrospectively reviewed and ultrasound images were reviewed when available. Clinical factors were evaluated statistically for association with positive culture. Results Fifty-five percent (47/85) of dogs had at least 1 positive culture during the course of treatment. Female dogs (80%, 40/50) were more likely than male dogs (29%, 10/35) to have at least 1 positive culture. Ultrasound examination determined that female dogs were more likely to have urethral (74%, 31/42) or trigonal tumor involvement (71%, 30/42) compared to male dogs (32%, 9/28 and 43%, 12/28, respectively). The most commonly isolated organisms were Staphylococcus spp. (23.9%, 29/121) and Escherichia coli (19.8%, 24/121). Dogs with urethral involvement of TCC were significantly more likely to have at least 1 positive culture than dogs without urethral involvement (75%, 30/40 versus 30%, 9/30). Conclusions Urinary tract infection is common in dogs with TCC highlighting the importance of regular monitoring for bacterial cystitis in dogs with TCC. In addition, clinical factors such as tumor location and sex may be predictive of positive culture and can help clinicians assess the risk of UTI.
Hyperthermal reactions of O and O2 with a hydrocarbon surface: direct C-C bond breakage by O and H-atom abstraction by O2.

A C−C bond-breaking reaction has been observed when a beam containing hyperthermal oxygen was directed at a continuously refreshed saturated hydrocarbon liquid (squalane) surface. The dynamics of t...
The displacement of identity: on being Irish

Abstract Taylor's (1991) analysis of English territoriality inspires an exploration of the prospects for the displacement of identity. Irish identity, customarily assumed by tens of millions who have no contact with Ireland and its present circumstances, provides a suitable case to examine the disconnection of nationality and politics. After a glance at historical origins, the ambiguities involved in the emergence of Irish nationalism in the 19th century are touched upon to clarify the sources of the Irish Republic's national myth. The numbers catered for by this sense of being Irish are small compared with those in the USA, Great Britain and the Commonwealth who readily profess to being Irish. Clearly there is a widespread sense of commonality which has little to do with the present realities of Ireland's geography and politics. Perhaps nationality, territoriality and politics can be divorced.
Redox-regulated ethylene binding to a rhenium-thiolate complex.

This thesis reports the reactivity of the rhenium-thiolate complex, tris(2-diphenylphosphinobenzenethiolato)rhenium(III), [Re(DPPBT) 3 ] ( 1 ) and its oxidized derivatives with ethylene. The reactivity has been studied by electrochemical, spectroelectrochemical, and chemical methods. Based on the cyclic voltammetric data, ( 1 ) shows two reversible one electron oxidations and a single reduction. The three redox events are observed at potentials of 420, -340 and -1620 mV versus a ferrocene reference. The events span formal oxidation states from Re(II) to Re(V) although significant ligand participation in the redox events makes these formal assignments misleading with respect to the electronic structure of the complexes. Bulk oxidation of ( 1 ) (E applied = +23 mV) in the presence of ethylene yields {[(ethane-1,2-diylbis(thio-2,1-phenylene)diphenyl-phosphino)(2-diphenylphosphinobenzenethiolato)]rhenium(III)} ( 6 ) from the addition of the alkene across cis sulfur sites. Electronic spectra recorded during the oxidation reveal two stages. The first stage is assigned as the one electron oxidation of ( 1 ) to tris(2-diphenylphosphinobenzenethiolato)rhenium(IV) ( 3 ), which is indicated by the intensity increases at 390 and 581 nm. During the second stage, a reaction occurs between ( 3 ) and ethylene that yields {[(ethane-1,2-diylbis(thio-2,1-phenylene)diphenyl-phosphino)(2-diphenylphosphinobenzenethiolato)]rhenium(II)} ( 5 ), which is oxidized to ( 6 ) as shown by the intensity loss at 390 and 581 nm and simultaneous intensity gain at 484 nm. The formal Re(III)/Re(II) reduction potential of ( 6 ) is shifted approximately +1520 mV consistent with the formation of two thioether donors. Complex ( 6 ) is stable in solution, but reduction at an applied potential of -977 mV initiates C-S bond cleavage and release of ethylene. The spectroscopic results reveal the pathway to be the reverse of the C-S bond formation. Oxidation of ( 1 ) using AgPF 6 followed by an ethylene purge yields (6)[PF 6 ] . The +ESI-MS of (6)[PF 6 ] shows a parent ion peak at m/z = 547.0710 (z = 2). The complex (6)[PF 6 ] crystallizes as a long thin orange plate in the monoclinic space group C2/c with unit cell dimensions of a = 29.009(18) A; b = 22.577(18) A; c = 43.99(3) A; and s = 96.182(17)°. The kinetic and equilibrium parameters associated with C-S bond formation/cleavage were extracted from cyclic voltammograms at multiple scan rates using the DigiSim software package. The rate constants for C-S formation between ( 3 ) and ethylene, k f , and for C-S bond cleavage for ( 5 ), k r , were extracted from simulation of the CV data at 7 scan rates ranging from 100 to 1000 mV/s for 3 independent trials. Average values for k f and k r are (1.2 ± 0.2) × 10 -1 M -1 s -1 and (3.0 ± 0.4) × 10 -2 s -1 , respectively. From these, K 2 was calculated as 4.0 ± 0.8 in agreement with predictions from the UV-visible study. K 1 and K 3 are equilibrium constants for ethylene binding/release between ( 1 ) and…
The HOROR theory of phenomenal consciousness

One popular approach to theorizing about phenomenal consciousness has been to connect it to representations of a certain kind. Representational theories of consciousness can be further sub-divided into first-order and higher-order theories. Higher-order theories are often interpreted as invoking a special relation between the first-order state and the higher-order state. However there is another way to interpret higher-order theories that rejects this relational requirement. On this alternative view phenomenal consciousness consists in having suitable higher-order representations. I call this ‘HOROR’ (“Higher-Order Representation Of a Representation”) theory to distinguish it from relational versions of higher-order theory. In this paper I make the case that HOROR theory is a plausible account of the real nature of phenomenal consciousness whatever one’s views are about whether it is physical/reducible or not. I first clarify HOROR theory and compare it to the more traditional same-order and higher-order thought theories. Afterwards I move to presenting some considerations in favor of HOROR theory.
Assessing the Impact of Gender Role Stereotyping in the Media

(1997). Assessing the Impact of Gender Role Stereotyping in the Media. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 28, No. 6, pp. 390-391.
Flexible piecewise approximations based on partition of unity

In this paper, we study a flexible piecewise approximation technique based on the use of the idea of the partition of unity. The approximations are piecewisely defined, globally smooth up to any order, enjoy polynomial reproducing conditions, and satisfy nodal interpolation conditions for function values and derivatives of any order. We present various properties of the approximations, that are desirable properties for optimal order convergence in solving boundary value problems.
Racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus among patients who undergo upper endoscopy.

The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) in whites is approximately twice that of Hispanics and 3–4 times that of blacks.1,2 In addition, the incidence in men is 3–8 times higher than in women.2,3 Male predominance is consistent across different races and ethnicities. The reasons for these racial and ethnic discrepancies in incidence are not clear. Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a precursor neoplastic lesion to the development of EAC. Patients with BE have a 30- to 40-fold increase in the risk of developing adenocarcinoma, with an annual incidence rate of approximately 0.5%.4,5 BE also is more prevalent in men than in women, with a reported ratio of 1.3–2.7 to 1.3,6,7 The male to female ratio is greater for adenocarcinoma than it is for BE, suggestive of an increased risk among men for progression to dysplasia and carcinoma. There are few data on the prevalence of BE among minorities. The assumption that BE is uncommon among blacks and Hispanics is based largely on incidence data for EAC. In an endoscopic database analysis of risk factors for dyspepsia, blacks and Hispanics were found in a secondary analysis to have a significantly lower risk compared with whites of the presence of endoscopic findings consistent with BE (relative risk [RR], 0.27 and 0.38, respectively).8 The only study to estimate directly the prevalence of BE among Hispanics did not demonstrate a significant difference in the prevalence of BE between whites and Hispanics (5.3% vs 3.8%, P = .56).9 The Hispanic population in the United States is a genetically heterogeneous group, and data related to a particular subgroup of Hispanics might not be translatable across all Hispanic populations. Our empirical experience here at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), which has a large Hispanic patient population of Dominican descent,10 has suggested a very low prevalence of BE among Hispanics. We therefore decided to conduct a retrospective, hospital-based cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of BE in our patient population.
The necessity for and use of CDMA transmitter filtering in overlay systems

The concept of code division multiple access (CDMA) overlay has been proposed as a way to take advantage of the unused bandwidth available in sparsely populated narrowband systems. Most research up to this point has focused on the effects of the narrowband system on the CDMA system. However, because the CDMA system is likely to be overlaid on a narrowband system that is already established, it is of equal or greater importance to examine how the CDMA overlay would affect the narrowband system's performance. It is shown that even a lightly loaded CDMA system can have a detrimental effect on a narrowband system to the point where the possibility of overlay may be precluded. To solve this problem, the idea of notch filtering the CDMA signals in an effort to avoid those bands already occupied by narrowband users is examined. For certain filtering methods the effects of CDMA interference on the narrowband system are shown to be greatly reduced, thus making overlay feasible from the perspective of the narrowband system. For the CDMA system, the performance of the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) receiver was evaluated and it was found to work quite well with CDMA signals that have been notched. With CDMA transmitter filtering, the prospects for overlay become very encouraging.
Social Welfare and Income Inequality in a System of Cities

Abstract This paper develops a general-equilibrium model of a system of core-periphery cities to examine the main determinants of intra- and inter-regional income disparities. The economy is populated by a continuum of (homogeneous) unskilled and (heterogeneous) skilled workers. Unskilled workers, whose wages are determined competitively, specialize in food production in local cities; skilled workers, whose wages are determined according to a Nash bargain, manufacture a high-tech commodity in the metropolis. We establish conditions under which this core-periphery equilibrium spatial configuration emerges. We show that both intra- and inter-regional income disparities are present; the determinants of each type of disparity and the social-welfare implications are fully investigated. Our results suggest that public policy programs that improve income equality may not be necessarily welfare enhancing.
Multimodal neuroimaging evidence of alterations in cortical structure and function in HIV‐infected older adults

Combination antiretroviral therapy transformed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infection from a terminal illness to a manageable condition, but these patients remain at a significantly elevated risk of developing cognitive impairments and the mechanisms are not understood. Some previous neuroimaging studies have found hyperactivation in frontoparietal networks of HIV-infected patients, whereas others reported aberrations restricted to sensory cortices. In this study, we utilize high-resolution structural and neurophysiological imaging to determine whether alterations in brain structure, function, or both contribute to HIV-related cognitive impairments. HIV-infected adults and individually matched controls completed 3-Tesla structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and a mechanoreception task during magnetoencephalography (MEG). MEG data were examined using advanced beamforming methods, and sMRI data were analyzed using the latest voxel-based morphometry methods with DARTEL. We found significantly reduced theta responses in the postcentral gyrus and increased alpha activity in the prefrontal cortices of HIV-infected patients compared with controls. Patients also had reduced gray matter volume in the postcentral gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, and other regions. Importantly, reduced gray matter volume in the left postcentral gyrus was spatially coincident with abnormal MEG responses in HIV-infected patients. Finally, left prefrontal and postcentral gyrus activity was correlated with neuropsychological performance and, when used in conjunction, these two MEG findings had a sensitivity and specificity of over 87.5% for HIV-associated cognitive impairment. This study is the first to demonstrate abnormally increased activity in association cortices with simultaneously decreased activity in sensory areas. These MEG findings had excellent sensitivity and specificity for HIV-associated cognitive impairment, and may hold promise as a potential disease marker.
Quantification of small molecule organic acids from Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture supernatant using ion exclusion liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry.

Quantitative analysis of cellular small molecule organic acids of intermediary metabolism can provide critical insight into bacterial metabolic pathways. The concentration of these metabolites in culture supernatant varies at different growth stages or under particular environmental conditions reflecting both the energy and the biosynthetic needs, yielding metabolic information about the microorganism. The method described here utilizes ion exclusion chromatography with formic acid, coupled with a mass-selective detector using selective ion monitoring with negative mode electrospray ionization (SIM ES−), to detect and quantify several small organic acids in culture supernatants. The µM limits of quantitation (LOQs) were found to be 5.5 ± 0.9 for pyruvate, 7.0 ± 0.4 for malate, 2.5 ± 0.5 for succinate, 12.7 ± 0.8 for lactate, and 6.6 ± 0.2 for fumarate. The method was used to detect and quantify these acids in the culture supernatants from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Supernatant samples were spiked with stable-isotope-labeled internal standards, and the organic acids were quantified by isotope ratiometry. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Short-Pulse High-Power Microwave Surface Flashover at 3 GHz

High-power microwave (HPM)-induced surface flashover is investigated in order to gain a better understanding of this phenomenon and reduce the limitations it imposes on transmitted power levels. This paper builds on previous testing using a magnetron producing 5 MW for 4 mus at 2.85 GHz. Both the previous and current experimental setups are designed to produce a flashover on the high-pressure side of a transmission window without the influence of a triple point. The limitations of the previous experiment included a maximum power of 5 MW and a pulse rise time of 50 ns. The current HPM source is an experimental virtual cathode oscillator (vircator), the output of which has been extensively characterized. The vircator is capable of producing 50-MW peak for 100 ns with an adjustable frequency from 3 to 5 GHz and a rise time of < 4 ns. The dominant modes of the vircator and magnetron are the circular TE11 and rectangular TE10 modes, respectively, with the major electric field component in both setups normal to the direction of propagation, yielding comparable field geometries at the transmission window. The experimental setup permits the study of factors, including gas pressure, composition, temperature, and air speed. Diagnostic equipment allows the analysis of power levels and flashover luminosity with subnanosecond resolution. Additional experimental results, including a detailed analysis of the flashover delay times under various conditions, are compared with data from literature and previous testing. A trend of increasing delay time with pressure is clearly observable, and Eeff/p versus p * r data fall within what has been previously observed in literature primarily for HPM volume breakdown.
Effect of short-term exercise training on insulin-stimulated PI 3-kinase activity in human skeletal muscle

The purpose of this study was to determine if the improvement in insulin sensitivity with exercise training is associated with enhanced phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity. Nine se...