cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploiting the Information Web

The World Wide Web is an increasingly important data source for business decision making; however, extracting information from the Web remains one of the challenging issues related to Web business intelligence applications. To use heterogeneous Web data for decision making, documents containing relevant data must be located, and the data of interest within the documents must be identified and extracted. Currently, most automatic information extraction systems can only cope with a limited set of document formats or do not adapt well to changes in document structure, as a result, many real-world data sources with complex document structures cannot be consistently interpreted using a single information extraction system. This paper presents an adaptive information extraction system prototype that combines multiple information extraction approaches to allow more accurate and resilient data extraction for a wide variety of Web sources. The Amorphic Web information extraction system prototype can locate data of interest based on domain knowledge or page structure, can automatically generate a wrapper for a data source, and can detect when the structure of a Web-based resource has changed and act on this to search the updated resource to locate the desired data. The prototype Amorphic information extraction system demonstrated improved information extraction accuracy for the four different extraction scenarios examined when compared with traditional data extraction approaches
Passive radiometry for vertical sounding from meteorological satellites.

This paper summarizes the different types of passive radiometers flown on meteorological satellites for vertically sounding the lower atmosphere.
Long-Term Maternal-Child Home Visiting

Families with children with special needs, with acutely and chronically ill children, and with foster children comprise an increasing portion of many public health nurses' caseloads. The nursing processes during maternal-child home visiting have not been identified and variations in these processes, as well as their attendant outcomes, across client populations have not been described. The aim of this study was to describe the process of home visiting, as it was enacted by an experienced nurse, and to identify potential influencing factors and attendant consequences. During this field research investigation, one nurse in a visiting nurse association in rural New England was observed and interviewed throughout her day, every one to two week over a period of eight months. A total of 53 home visits were observed, three clients were interviewed subsequent to visits, and documents and records were reviewed. A specific type of home visiting, labeled child-focused, which the nurse conducted in three distinct patterns--single, short-, and long-term, emerged. The long-term pattern is described in this article. An admiring, familiar, trusting, supporting, reassuring, and validating seeing and exchanging subprocess ran through these visits. Potential maternal, child, and environmental consequences were identified.
A comparison of base current reversal and bipolar snapback in advanced n-p-n bipolar transistors

It is argued that base current reversal in an advanced n-p-n bipolar transistor arises from the same physical mechanism as classical bipolar snapback. Measurements of the bipolar snapback voltage, BV/sub CE0/, and of the collector-emitter voltage required for base current reversal, V/sub CE/Br/ are identical over a range of variation in transistor design and over more than eight orders of magnitude in collector current. The minimum or sustaining values of BV/sub CE0/, or V/sub CE/Br/, should be used for the purposes of bipolar device design rather than the larger trigger value measured at very low current levels. The former is an indication of electric field strength in the collector-base depletion region while the latter is a monitor of the level of the nonideal base current component. Measurement of base current reversal provides a more consistent and less destructive technique of characterizing bipolar sustaining voltage. >
Learning structurally consistent undirected probabilistic graphical models

In many real-world domains, undirected graphical models such as Markov random fields provide a more natural representation of the statistical dependency structure than directed graphical models. Unfortunately, structure learning of undirected graphs using likelihood-based scores remains difficult because of the intractability of computing the partition function. We describe a new Markov random field structure learning algorithm, motivated by canonical parameterization of Abbeel et al. We provide computational improvements on their parameterization by learning per-variable canonical factors, which makes our algorithm suitable for domains with hundreds of nodes. We compare our algorithm against several algorithms for learning undirected and directed models on simulated and real datasets from biology. Our algorithm frequently outperforms existing algorithms, producing higher-quality structures, suggesting that enforcing consistency during structure learning is beneficial for learning undirected graphs.
Non-linear interactions of acoustic fields with plates under harmonic excitations

The method of renormalization is used to determine a uniformly valid expansion for the problem of non-linear interactions of acoustic fields with plates under harmonic excitations. The expansion obtained is in agreement with that obtained by Ginsberg, who used the method of strained co-ordinates to render the potential uniform and then used the method of renormalization to render the non-uniform pressure and velocity components calculated from the resulting potential uniform.
Saturday Academy of Computing and Mathematics (SACAM) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

The Saturday Academy of Computing and Mathematics (SACAM) represents one facet of Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL's) response to meet the challenge of training students and teachers in the use of computers, logic, and mathematics. SACAM attempts to provide high school students with a program that illustrates how researchers use computing and mathematics tools to help solve problems in virtually all scientific fields. Each SACAM program is designed as eight 3 h sessions. Each session outlines a current scientific question or research term. Sessions are presented on a Saturday morning by two or four ORNL scientists working in that particular field. Approximately four students and one teacher from each of ten area high schools attend the sessions. Evaluations from students, teachers, and speakers indicate that the program has been well received, and a tracking program is being undertaken to determine long-range benefits. >
When Abuse Happens Again: Women's Reasons for Not Reporting New Incidents of Intimate Partner Abuse to Law Enforcement

Although most women abused by intimate partners experience a patterned behavior of abuse (by either the same or new partners), little is known about their decision making regarding whether to call the police for subsequent abuse. The current study found that 90 percent of women who had encountered the criminal legal system for previous intimate partner abuse victimizations did not contact the police for some or all recurrences. Qualitative analysis was conducted among a sample of 102 women regarding their reasons for not re-engaging the legal system for subsequent victimizations. The results suggested 5 overall reasons as to why women involved with the criminal legal system choose not to engage the system again.
Reconstruction of curved solids from two polygonal orthographic views

It has long been known that the 2-view orthographic representation of a mechanical part is ambiguous. Existing literature addresses the recognition~reconstruction of solids (mostly polyhedral solids)from either 1-view (perspective) drawings, or from three orthographic views. The paper presents algorithms for reconstructing curved solids from only two polygonal orthographic views. First, all the polyhedral solids that correspond to the pair of prespecified orthogonai views are reconstructed, and then the associated third views are developed. Then, for each solid, the three views are analyzed simultaneously, and the authors reason about the possibilities of including circular arcs in the newly generated third view. This corresponds to the inclusion of solids that are bounded by quadrics. Possible application areas include computer-aided design, machine vision and automated inspection systems.
The Impact of a Psychology Learning Community on Academic Success, Retention, and Student Learning Outcomes:

Learning communities have become an integral part of the educational reform movement of the past two decades and have been heralded as a promising strategy for restructuring undergraduate education...
A comparative study of the time-series data for inference of gene regulatory networks using B-Spline

In this paper, the quantitative analysis of time-series gene expression data on inference of gene regulatory networks is performed. Time-series gene data are modeled by the B-Spline algorithm to improve the overall smooth expression curves which can further reduce over-fitting. The effect of the different sizes of observed time-series data on gene regulatory networks inference is analyzed. The stochastic errors introduced by the B-Spline algorithm to the system are evaluated. The precision of different sizes of time-series data on parameter estimations is compared. With application of the B-Spline to generate continuous curves, simulation results can be much more accurate and inference results are significantly improved. Both synthetic data and experimental data from microarray measurements are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Positive Regulation of the Guinea Pig Thyrotropin Receptor

Subcutaneous administration of bovine (b) TSH (up to 10 IU) to 8-week-old male guinea pigs was followed by a transient elevation in serum thyroid hormone levels (T4 and T3) and an increase in thyroid weight (∼25–40%), which returned to control levels by 3 days. Total thyroid TSH receptor content was assessed by the binding of receptor-purified [125I]bTSH to 15,000 × g fractions of thyroid homogenate. The TSH receptor content paralleled the increase in thyroid weight, with no detectable change in the TSH-binding capacity per mg tissue. Intraperitoneal minipump infusions of bTSH (1 IU/day) over 6 days produced marked and persistent increases in thyroid hormone levels and thyroid weight (>300%) and a similar increase in TSH receptor content. There was no change in the single site equilibrium association constant for bTSH [1.1 × 109 M–1 ± (SE) 9.6 × 107 M–1] and no alteration in the binding capacity per mg tissue (67.2 ± 6.4 pg/mg). Investigation of the in vitro adenylate cyclase response to bTSH (10 mU/ml) a...
The next phase of pediatric residency education: the partnership of the Milestones Project.

concerns of patient safety, policymakers and the public are demanding a response. The American Board of Pediatrics, the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), the Association of Pediatric Program Directors (APPD), and other organizations are working together to position pediatrics to meet these demands and keep the public trust for excellence in the care of children. Program directors and educators recognize that there are many barriers to medical education reform, including but not limited to lack of resources; traditional training of physicians, which lacks a focus on curricular design and learner and program assessment; and a foundation in conducting educational research. 2 However, the public and government stakeholders expect safe and effective care documented by patient outcome data, 3 ongoing participation in quality improvement activities, and assurances of adequate supervision for trainees. Recent health care reform bills contain specific language that speaks to ‘‘demonstration of outcomes in medical education.’’ 3 Upon graduation, patients and families want assurance that both new generalist and specialist pediatricians have become skilled in all aspects of the 6 ACGME competencies 4 (Table 1), which translates into a physician who provides patient-centered care, applies best evidence, functions effectively in multidisciplinary teams to coordinate care, and advocates for their patient needs by helping them navigate the complexities of the health care system. Moreover, as the hours and structure of training change, we are obligated to demonstrate that future graduates are prepared to enter practice without direct supervision. We must have a sense of urgency to address these expectations or we will face additional external oversight beyond our own programs, institutions, and current accreditation organizations. The Milestones Project provides a way for us, as a self-regulating profession, to uphold the public trust. The ACGME, in partnership with the American Board of Pediatrics, has initiated the Milestones Project as the next step in moving toward an outcomes-based measurement of training, evolving beyond more basic structure and process measures. 5–7 The plan is to partner with each member board within the American Board of Medical Specialties to spearhead the development of a grassroots effort to further define the ACGME competencies within the context of their specialty. Pediatrics is 1 of the first 3 disciplines, along with internal medicine and surgery, to construct Milestones as outcome measures of the competencies.
Transition metal ion capture using functional mesoporous carbon made with 1,10-phenanthroline.

Functional mesoporous carbon has been built using 1,10-phenanthroline as the fundamental building block, resulting in a nanoporous, high surface area sorbent capable of selectively binding transition metal ions. This material had a specific surface area of 870 m2/g, an average pore size of about 30 A, and contained as much as 8.2 wt% N. Under acidic conditions, where the 1,10-phenanthroline ligand is protonated, this material was found to be an effective anion exchange material for transition metal anions like PdCl42- and H2VO41-. 1,10-Phenanthroline functionalized mesoporous carbon (“Phen-FMC”) was found to have a high affinity for Cu(II), even down to a pH of 1. At pHs above 5, Phen-FMC was found to bind a variety of transition metal cations (e.g. Co(II), Ni(II), Zn(II), etc.) from filtered ground water, river water and seawater. Phen-FMC displayed rapid sorption kinetics with Co(II) in filtered river water, reaching equilibrium in less than an hour, and easily lowering the [Co(II)] to sub-ppb levels. Phen-FMC was found to be more effective for transition metal ion capture than ion-exchange resin or activated carbon.
How High-Income Areas Receive More Service from Municipal Government: Evidence from City Administrative Data

Do economic inequalities translate into political inequalities, and if so, how? Combining data on over 500,000 requests for services from the 24-Hour Constituent Service Hotline in Boston, Massachusetts with fine-grained census data on income, we show that higher-income census tracts request and receive more services from the city’s government than do lower-income census tracts located in the same neighborhood. To ensure that these results are not driven by differences in the service needs of higher- vs. lower-income areas, we first estimate them using only requests for snow removal, because snowfall affects the entire city. We report that a 10% increase in the per-capita income of a census tract predicts roughly a 3% increase in the number of requests for snow removal (p
An interactive videogame designed to optimize respiratory navigator efficiency in children undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance

Background Advanced cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) acquisitions often require long scan durations that necessitate respiratory navigator gating. This is particularly important in children with limited ability to hold their breath. We hypothesized that visual feedback of diaphragm position using an interactive videogame during CMR would increase navigator efficiency and improve image quality in children.
ARTIFICIAL SELECTION FOR PAEDOMORPHOSIS IN THE SALAMANDER AMBYSTOMA TALPOIDEUM.

Heterochronic ontogenetic mechanisms such as paedomorphosis are potentially important mechanisms of both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary change. The salamander Ambystoma talpoideum is facultatively paedomorphic. Expression of paedomorphosis in this species varies among local natural populations. Two breeding lines, one from a population associated with a temporary pond where metamorphosis to a terrestrial adult always occurs, another from a population associated with a nearly permanent pond where paedomorphosis is common, were selected artificially for paedomorphosis over four generations. The F5 generation of each breeding line was reared in a "common garden" field experiment under two drying regimes to simulate the larval environment in a temporary and in a permanent pond. There was a significantly different response to the drying regimes and to the artificial selection in the two lines. A significant population × selection interaction indicated that the two populations responded differently to artificial selection for paedomorphosis. The presence of heritable genetic variation suggests that evolution and divergence among populations of salamanders is possible with intense natural selection over short periods of ecological time.
Permeabilities of rat collecting duct segments to NH3 and NH4

We have measured NH3 and NH4+ permeability coefficients in collecting ducts from the cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla of the rat kidney. Isolated collecting duct segments of the rat were perfused with bicarbonate-buffered solutions containing carbonic anhydrase to eliminate any pH disequilibrium in the tubule lumen. NH3 or NH4+ concentration gradients were set up between the bath and the lumen. By measuring the total CO2 and total ammonia concentrations in the bath, the perfusate, and collected fluid, the NH3 and NH4+ concentrations were determined. Then, using the flow rate in the tubule and the tubule dimensions, we calculated the apparent permeability in each collecting duct segment for NH3 and NH4+. The NH3 permeabilities were as follows: 0.002 cm/s in the inner medullary collecting duct, 0.012 cm/s in the outer medullary collecting duct, and 0.024 cm/s in the cortical collecting duct. The NH4+ permeabilities for all segments were on the order of 10(-5) cm/s or less. The relative permeability values for the two ammonium species are consistent with the view that the secretion observed in vivo in collecting ducts is due to passive diffusion of NH3 from the interstitium to the lumen of the duct, parallel with H+ secretion.
Pre-and Probiotic Supplementation in Ruminant Livestock Production

Today, more than 3.6 billion domestic ruminant animals, primarily cattle, sheep, and goats, contribute significantly to the global economy ( Hackmann and Spain, 2009 ). In the last 30 years, there have been considerable improvements in ruminant production, and these advances must continue in order to meet growing demands. This chapter will review the current literature on the use of pre- and probiotic supplementation as a method for improving ruminant production and satisfying the demands associated with this industry. Recent studies suggest that integrating pre- and probiotics into ruminant feeds might improve various aspects of ruminant performance, mitigate disease, promote overall animal health and well-being, and reduce the environmental impacts of ruminant production. It is believed that pre- and probiotics provide these benefits by favorably modulating the microbial environment within the gastrointestinal tract of ruminant animals.
Diverse Roles, A Common Dilemma

Employing in-depth interview data from women of the Mao and post-Mao cohorts in urban China, this chapter examines women’s increasingly diverse work–family roles since the market reform. It mainly observes three types of women: stay-at-home moms, women who combine work with their family, and employment-/career-oriented women. Regardless of their work–family role arrangements, women of all three types are found to be subject to work–family conflict in the post-Mao period; this is indicated by longer working hours, excessive work demands, the rising costs of housing, education, health care and childcare, and fewer affordable social services for families.
Who Are the Men Caring for Maltreated Youth? Male Primary Caregivers in the Child Welfare System

The goal of this study is to better understand the characteristics of men who act as primary caregivers of maltreated children. We examined differences between male primary caregivers (fathers) for youth involved in the child welfare system and female primary caregivers (mothers). We conducted secondary data analyses of the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being-II baseline data. Overall, primary caregiving fathers and mothers were more similar than different, though a few differences were revealed. Compared to mothers, fathers tended to be older and were more likely to be employed, with a higher household income and older children. Fathers and mothers did not differ in terms of depression or parenting behavior, but there was evidence that mothers have more problems with drug use compared to fathers. Compared to fathers, mothers reported higher levels of internalizing and externalizing problems in their children. Children with male primary caregivers were more likely to have experienced physical abuse but less likely to have experienced emotional abuse or witnessed domestic violence than children with female primary caregivers. These findings may help to inform researchers, practitioners, and policy makers on how to address the needs of male caregivers and their children.© The Author(s) 2016. Language: en
Thin film transistors for foldable displays

We report the first amorphous silicon thin film transistors (TFTs) on flexible, ultra-thin substrates of 25 /spl mu/m thick stainless steel foil. The transistors remain operational under convex or concave bending down to 2.5 mm radius of curvature. The goal of our work is a transistor backplane circuit that can be folded, for use in active matrices in highly rugged and portable applications such as foldable intelligent maps. Our results suggest that such foldable backplane circuits are feasible.
Bridgework Globalization, Gender, and Service Labor at a Luxury Hotel

Scholars have yet to understand the gendered performance of aesthetic and emotional labor that maintains routine global power asymmetries. An ethnographic case study of service labor in a global lu...
Particular Problems of Instrument Design and Overall Development of Systems for Agricultural and Climatological Stations

The increasing use of climatological information demands reliable and accurate observations. Observational errors and labor requirements can be reduced through automation of agricultural and climatological stations. The biggest advantage is that data can be obtained in a form compatible with rapid and efficient machine computations.
Chained permutations and alternating sign matrices—Inspired by three-person chess

Abstract We define and enumerate two new two-parameter permutation families, namely, placements of a maximum number of non-attacking rooks on k chained-together n × n chessboards, in either a circular or linear configuration. The linear case with k = 1 corresponds to standard permutations of n , and the circular case with n = 4 and k = 6 corresponds to a three-person chessboard. We give bijections of these rook placements to matrix form, one-line notation, and matchings on certain graphs. Finally, we define chained linear and circular alternating sign matrices, enumerate them for certain values of n and k , and give bijections to analogues of monotone triangles, square ice configurations, and fully-packed loop configurations.
Donald and Winston at the Ministry of Alternative Facts

Sales of Nineteen Eighty-Four and other dystopian classics have risen in response to the audacious attempts of President Donald Trump to manipulate public opinion by circulating “alternative facts” throughout the presidential campaign and since his November 2016 election victory. Various statements by Trump and his advisors that exemplify what has come to be known as the “post-factual world” account for the meteoric rise and final breakthrough of Nineteen Eighty-Four to the top of the bestseller lists in spring 2017.
More sensitive correlation of afferent pupillary defect with ganglion cell complex.

Abstract Purpose This study investigated the correlation between the relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in optic neuropathy. Methods RAPD assessment was performed using a log unit neutral density filter bar. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography RTVue-100 (Optovue) was used to examine the subjects. The optic nerve head pattern (ONH) was subdivided and identified for the purpose of the study into circumpapillary RNFLT (cpRNFLT) and peripheral circumpapillary RNFLT (pcpRNFLT). The cpRNFLT, pcpRNFLT and ganglion cell complex (GCC) parameters were analyzed. Results Eighteen females and twenty three males with asymmetric optic neuropathy and a RAPD participated. Thirty-three subjects had glaucoma and eight had optic neuropathy other than glaucoma. Significant correlations ( p p Conclusions Significant correlations between RNFLT loss for cpRNFLT, pcpRNFLT and GCC parameters with RAPD were observed. Approximately a 35% higher sensitivity was obtained using GCC compared to CRNFL parameters. The expected change in GCC average for every 0.3 log unit increment was approximately 8.49 μm. The FLV% corresponded more sensitively to a RAPD but appeared to be influenced by disease severity.
Diurnal cortisol rhythms, fatigue and psychosocial factors in five-year survivors of ovarian cancer.

Fatigue is a challenge in ovarian cancer survivorship and greatly impacts quality of life. In other cancer populations, fatigue has been associated with abnormal diurnal cortisol patterns. However, little is known about biological and behavioral factors in 5+-year ovarian cancer survivors and potential mechanisms underlying persistent fatigue have not been investigated in this population. Moreover, relationships between neuroendocrine and psychosocial factors in 5+-year ovarian cancer survivors have not been studied. We addressed these issues by examining relationships between diurnal cortisol rhythms, fatigue, life stress, and social support in 30 survivors of ovarian cancer who were assessed at least 5 years (mean = 6.20 years) following their primary diagnosis. Flatter diurnal cortisol slopes were associated with higher levels of fatigue, suggesting a role for HPA-axis dysregulation in sustained fatigue experienced by survivors. Moreover, greater cumulative lifetime stressor exposure (p = 0.023) and stressor severity (p = 0.004) were associated with flatter diurnal cortisol slopes, while higher social attachment (p = 0.001) was associated with steeper diurnal cortisol slopes. These findings suggest that ovarian cancer survivors with greater lifetime stress exposure or lower social attachment may be at increased risk for circadian rhythm disruption, which in turn is associated with fatigue. Future research should examine relationships of clinical stage and inflammatory cytokines to cortisol rhythms and fatigue in long-term ovarian cancer survivors, as well as investigating the clinical significance of abnormal diurnal cortisol profiles in this population.
Automated microfluidic platform for systematic studies of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals: towards continuous nano-manufacturing

Colloidal organic/inorganic metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have recently emerged as a potential low-cost replacement for the semiconductor materials in commercial photovoltaics and light emitting diodes. However, unlike III–V and IV–VI semiconductor nanocrystals, studies of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals have yet to develop a fundamental and comprehensive understanding of nucleation and growth kinetics. Here, we introduce a modular and automated microfluidic platform for the systematic studies of room-temperature synthesized cesium–lead halide perovskite nanocrystals. With abundant data collection across the entirety of four orders of magnitude reaction time span, we comprehensively characterize nanocrystal growth within a modular microfluidic reactor. The developed high-throughput screening platform features a custom-designed three-port flow cell with translational capability for in situ spectral characterization of the in-flow synthesized perovskite nanocrystals along a tubular microreactor with an adjustable length, ranging from 3 cm to 196 cm. The translational flow cell allows for sampling of twenty unique residence times at a single equilibrated flow rate. The developed technique requires an average total liquid consumption of 20 μL per spectra and as little as 2 μL at the time of sampling. It may continuously sample up to 30 000 unique spectra per day in both single and multi-phase flow formats. Using the developed plug-and-play microfluidic platform, we study the growth of cesium lead trihalide perovskite nanocrystals through in situ monitoring of their absorption and emission band-gaps at residence times ranging from 100 ms to 17 min. The automated microfluidic platform enables a systematic study of the effect of mixing enhancement on the quality of the synthesized nanocrystals through a direct comparison between single- and multi-phase flow systems at similar reaction time scales. The improved mixing characteristics of the multi-phase flow format results in high-quality perovskite nanocrystals with kinetically tunable emission wavelength, ranging as much as 25 nm at equivalent residence times. Further application of this unique platform would allow rapid parameter optimization in the colloidal synthesis of a wide range of nanomaterials (e.g., metal or semiconductor), that is directly transferable to continuous manufacturing in a numbered-up platform with a similar characteristic length scale.
An Overview of the Usage of Default Passwords

The recent Mirai botnet attack demonstrated the danger of using default passwords and showed it is still a major problem. In this study we investigated several common applications and their password policies. Specifically, we analyzed if these applications: (1) have default passwords or (2) allow the user to set a weak password (i.e., they do not properly enforce a password policy). Our study shows that default passwords are still a significant problem: 61% of applications inspected initially used a default or blank password. When changing the password, 58% allowed a blank password, 35% allowed a weak password of 1 character.
Calculus students’ understanding of the vertex of the quadratic function in relation to the concept of derivative

The purpose of this study was to gain insight into 30, first year calculus students’ understanding of the relationship between the concept of vertex of a quadratic function and the concept of the d...
CRT-700.59 Radiation Dose Reduction in Structural Heart Disease Interventions Using Noise Reduction Technology

The Phillips AlluraClarity noise reduction technology (NRT) reduces the total amount of radiation to the patient and operator with minimal degradation in image quality during fluoroscopy-based procedures. Radiation dose reduction has been reported in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR),
Visible-Light-Driven Photosystems Using Heteroleptic Cu(I) Photosensitizers and Rh(III) Catalysts To Produce H2

The synthesis of two new heteroleptic Cu(I) photosensitizers (PS), [Cu(Xantphos)(NN)]PF6 (NN = biq = 2,2'-biquinoline, dmebiq = 2,2'-biquinoline-4,4'-dimethyl ester; Xantphos = 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene), along with the associated structural, photophysical, and electrochemical properties, are described. The biquinoline diimine ligand extends the PS light absorbing properties into the visible with a maximum absorption at 455 and 505 nm for NN = biq and dmebiq, respectively, in CH2Cl2 solvent. Following photoexcitation, both Cu(I) PS are emissive at low energy, albeit displaying stark differences in their excited state lifetimes (τMLCT = 410 ± 5 (biq) and 44 ± 4 ns (dmebiq)). Cyclic voltammetry indicates a Cu-based HOMO and NN-based LUMO for both complexes, whereby the methyl ester substituents stabilize the LUMO within [Cu(Xantphos)(dmebiq)]+ by ∼0.37 V compared to the unsubstituted analogue. When combined with H2O, N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) electron donor, and cis-[Rh(NN)2Cl2]PF6 (NN = Me2bpy = 4,4'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, dmebpy = 2,2'-bipyridine-4,4'-dimethyl ester) water reduction catalysts (WRC), photocatalytic H2 evolution is only observed using the [Cu(Xantphos)(biq)]+ PS. Furthermore, the choice of cis-[Rh(NN)2Cl2]+ WRC strongly affects the catalytic activity with turnover numbers (TONRh = mol H2 per mol Rh catalyst) of 25 ± 3, 22 ± 1, and 43 ± 3 for NN = Me2bpy, bpy, and dmebpy, respectively. This work illustrates how ligand modification to carefully tune the PS light absorbing, excited state, and redox-active properties, along with the WRC redox potentials, can have a profound impact on the photoinduced intermolecular electron transfer between components and the subsequent catalytic activity.
Fabrication and actuation performance of the plant-inspired fluidic origami cellular structure (Conference Presentation)

Motivated by the sophisticated geometries in origami folding and the fluidic actuation principle in nastic plant movements, the concept of fluidic origami cellular structure was proposed for versatile morphing and actuation. The idea is to assembly compatible origami sheets into a cellular architecture, and apply fluidic pressure into its naturally embedded tubes to achieve effective shape reconfigurations. Despite the promising potentials, the actuation capabilities of fluidic origami, such as free stroke and blocking force, are not elucidated. Especially, we do not understand the effects of thick facet material compliance and pressure-sealing end caps. This research aims to address these issues by incorporating realistic considerations into the design, fabrication, and analysis of fluidic origami. We construct CAD models of fluidic origami tubes that incorporate the finite facet material thickness and flat end caps. Various design parameters are chosen carefully to ensure that they can be fabricated via commercially accessible 3D printing techniques. These models are then used to analyze the actuation performance via finite element simulation (FEA). Results show that the undesired effects from end caps are limited to the unit cells at the tube ends, and fluidic origami can indeed provide robust actuation and morphing capability.
All forest, no trees? Data journalism and the construction of abstract categories:

This study takes a sociology of quantification approach in exploring the impact of ‘commensurative’ processes in data journalism, in which distinct incidents and entities are rendered similar, aggr...
MEASURE AND INTEGRATION

This chapter provides an overview of measure and integration and presents various theorems and definitions. In 1904, Henri Lebesgue introduced a generalization of the notion of length, which is both intuitive and has many applications, extensions, and abstractions. The chapter reviews outer measures and measurability and rings and additivity. It also discusses the Lebesgue integration and the Lebesgue's monotone convergence theorem used in many practical and theoretical situations. The chapter also reviews various problems on convergence.
Hemivertebrae Excision: Technique for Congenital Spine Deformity

A hemivertebra (HV) is a congenital anomaly of the spine that occurs during the fi rst 8th to 12th weeks of fetal development. It is characterized by the formation of a partial vertebral body, a corresponding pedicle, and a corresponding hemilamina.
Developmental Trajectories of Leader Identity: Role of Learning Goal Orientation:

This study examines within-person change in leader identity (LI) over the course of a formal leader development program and how that change relates to learning goal orientation (LGO). Results of mu...
[P078] System spatial resolution without scatter (NEMA): Preparing for measurement and calculations on gamma cameras with discrete pixel detectors

Purpose Quantitative measurements of performance characteristics of Gamma camera parameters have been specified [1] . Some of the tests are also applicable to discrete pixel detectors, sometimes requiring slight modifications to measurement and calculation: For system spatial resolution without scatter Siman and Kappadath [2] describe the use of several capillary tubes in staggered positions for each measurement. Using a high precision dovetail slide and only one capillary tube, measurements with arbitrary capillary tube position offset between each static acquisition can be realized. It has been also shown that measurements for discrete pixel detectors can be simulated using single crystal detectors. Methods Several measurements were performed using a single crystal detector: An ensemble of static measurements consisted of displacing one capillary tube by a high precision dovetail slide in 1 mm steps over a distance of 10 mm. Pixel size (PS) used in each measurement ensemble: 0.6, 2.4 and 4.8 mm. System spatial resolution (FWHM, FWTM) was calculated according to [1] using MatLab. The ensemble of static measurements with a PS of 0.6 mm was used to calculate line spread functions corresponding to PSs of multiples of 0.6 mm (1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, …, 9.6) and the corresponding FWHM/FWTM using MatLab. Results System spatial resolution for measured and calculated line spread function was: 4.47/4.38 mm (PS 0.6 mm), 4.76/4.73 mm (PS 2.4 mm) and 5.93/5.84 mm (PS 4.8 mm), respectively, indicating good agreement. Conclusions Using a single capillary tube and a high precision dovetail slide for positioning permits arbitrary displacing (0.5 or 1.0 mm steps) between static measurements independent of the outer diameter of the capillary tube. Measurements and processing software for acceptance testing of a pixelated detector can be simulated using a single crystal detector with appropriate chosen pixel size.
Optical Sensing and Control Methods for Soft Pneumatically Actuated Robotic Manipulators

A low-cost optical sensing method for improved measurement and control of soft pneumatic manipulator motion is presented. The core of a soft continuum robot is embedded with several optically-diffuse elastomer sensors which attenuate light depending on their strain mode and degree. The optical sensors measure local strains at the robot's axial center, and these strain data are combined with measured actuator chamber pressures to determine the pose of the robot under various gravitational and tip loading conditions. Regression analyses using neural networks (NNs) demonstrate that when the soft continuum robot's base orientation is fixed, the position of its end-effector can be estimated with 3.42 times more accuracy (71 % smaller root mean squared error) when using both optical sensor and pressure data (~2.44mm) than when using only pressure data (~8.3mm). When the robot's base orientation was varied, the combined optical sensor and pressure data provide position estimates which are as much as 37.8 times more accurate (~2.76mm) than pressure data alone (~104mm).
Demonstration of a high speed 4-channel integrated silicon photonics WDM link with hybrid silicon lasers

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation on the demonstration of a high speed, 4-channel integrated silicon photonics WDM link wiht hybrid silicon lasers. Some of the specific topics discussed include: presents an overview of these technologies and reports on the platforms they support; testing results; and WDM silicon photonics links and link testing results.
Deceiving without answering

Lying is standardly distinguished from misleading according to how a disbelieved proposition is conveyed. To lie, a speaker uses a sentence to say a proposition she does not believe. A speaker merely misleads by using a sentence to somehow convey but not say a disbelieved proposition. Front-and-center to the lying/misleading distinction is a conception of what-is-said by a sentence in a context. Stokke (Philos Rev 125(1):83–134, 2016, Lying and insincerity, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018) has recently argued that the standard account of lying/misleading is explanatorily inadequate unless paired with a theory where what-is-said by a sentence is determined by the question under discussion or qud. I present two objections to his theory, and conclude that no extant theory of what-is-said enables the standard account of the lying/misleading distinction to be explanatorily adequate.
A Superconvergent Local Discontinuous Galerkin Method for Nonlinear Fourth-Order Boundary-Value Problems

In this paper, we present a superconvergent local discontinuous Galerkin (LDG) method for nonlinear fourth-order boundary-value problems (BVPs) of the form u(4) + f(x,u) = 0. We prove optimal L2 er...
Susceptibility of eight herbs to common root-knot nematodes.

Abstract Eight herb species were inoculated with two common species of root-knot nematode and grown for 2 months in a greenhouse. Root systems were examined for galls and egg mass production. All herb species were susceptible but developed fewer galls and had lower gall indices than Rutgers tomato. Burnet, chives, valerian and winter savory had few galls or low gall indices. Eggs were produced on all. Chamomile had a high gall index. Chicory, parsley, and sorrel had intermediate indices. Herbs were equally susceptible to the southern (Meloidogyne incognita) and peanut root-knot nematodes (M. arenaria), particularly at the highest inoculum densities. Mean dry weights of inoculated herbs were not always significantly less than the non-inoculated plants, suggesting that some herbs may be tolerant to root-knot nematodes.
Discovery of the Lyme Disease Agent.

A detailed first-hand account of the events leading up to the discovery of the Lyme disease agent has been lacking. Nearly 40 years have elapsed since the discovery of the organism that was named Borrelia burgdorferi There are thousands of articles in the scientific and medical literature on this organism and the disease that it causes. In the interval since the organism's discovery, however, misconceptions have arisen regarding not only the disease but the discovery itself. Accordingly, with this paper, we aim to fill in the details of this episode in medical history with a joint introduction, first-person accounts by the two authors, a summary of contemporaneous events, and concluding comments. The history of the discovery of the Lyme disease agent has threads originating in different places in the United States. Studies on Long Island, NY, provided the epidemiological thread of studies on rickettsial diseases and babesiosis, linking the latter with the cutaneous manifestation of Lyme disease, now known as erythema migrans. The Long Island thread intersected Montana's Rocky Mountain Laboratories thread of studies on a relapsing fever Borrelia and its cultivation and expertise in vector biology. This intersection made possible the discovery of the spirochete and its recovery from patients. This paper stresses that what may seem to have been an individual scientific discovery is actually the product of several threads coming together and is attributable to more people than appreciated.
Low-degree Pseudo-Boolean Function Recovery Using Codes

Pseudo-Boolean functions are functions whose input variables are binary and output is in the real numbers. These functions show up in many different applications in computer science, finance and economics to name a few. Pseudo-Boolean functions lend themselves to a spectral representation, which is closely related to the Walsh-Hadamard Transform from signal processing. In some problems, the coefficients of the spectral representation are active only on the low-degree terms. In this work, we present a method for computationally-efficient recovery of these low-degree coefficients. Our method is based on evaluating the input pseudo-Boolean function at points given by the codewords of a codebook, and then performing a Walsh-Hadamard Transform on the resulting signal. Codes having high rates and good minimum distance properties yield sets of evaluations points whose size is close to the number of low-degree coefficients. In particular perfect codes, such as Hamming Codes or the Golay Code, enable efficient recovery with optimal number of evaluations of the function.
Language and the Eidetic Reduction

Perhaps one of the most controversial aspects of Husserl’s phenomenology is his discussion of “essences.” Philosophers who attempt to introduce any hint of an abstract entity usually meet with a barrage of criticism accusing them of that unforgiveable sin of “Platonism” (to which Plato himself would not plead guilty!), or of creating an overpopulated Meinongian universe. It is to this problem in Husserl that we now turn.
Dysregulation of TNF-α and IFN-γ expression is a common host immune response in a chronically infected mouse model of melioidosis when comparing multiple human strains of Burkholderia pseudomallei.

Melioidosis is endemic in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia and is caused by the Gram-negative, facultative intracellular pathogen Burkholderia pseudomallei. Diagnosis of melioidosis is often difficult because of the protean clinical presentation of the disease, and it may mimic other diseases, such as tuberculosis. There are many different strains of B. pseudomallei that have been isolated from patients with melioidosis, but it was not clear if they could cause a similar disease in a chronic BALB/c murine model of melioidosis. Hence, we wanted to examine chronically infected mice exposed to different strains of B. pseudomallei to determine if there were differences in the host immune response to the pathogen. We identified common host immune responses exhibited in chronically infected BALB/c mice, although there was some heterogeneity in the host response in chronically infected mice after exposure to different strains of B. pseudomallei. They all displayed pyogranulomatous lesions in their spleens with a large influx of monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils identified by flow cytometry. Sera from chronically infected mice by ELISA exhibited elevated IgG titers to the pathogen, and we detected by Luminex micro-bead array technology a significant increase in the expression of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, such as IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, KC, and MIG. By immunohistochemical and in situ RNA hybridization analysis we found that the increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1α, IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ) was confined primarily to the area with the pathogen within pyogranulomatous lesions. We also found that cultured splenocytes from chronically infected mice could express IFN-γ, TNF-α, and MIP-1α ex vivo without the need for additional exogenous stimulation. In addition by flow cytometry, we detected significant amounts of intracellular expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ without a protein transport blocker in monocytes/macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils but not in CD4+ or CD8+ T cells in splenocytes from chronically infected mice. Taken together the common features we have identified in chronically infected mice when 10 different human clinical strains of B. pseudomallei were examined could serve as biomarkers when evaluating potential therapeutic agents in mice for the treatment of chronic melioidosis in humans.