cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The division abnormally delayed (dally) gene: a putative integral membrane proteoglycan required for cell division patterning during postembryonic development of the nervous system in Drosophila

We have devised a genetic screen to obtain mutants affecting cell division patterning in the developing central nervous system of Drosophila. The division abnormally delayed (dally) locus was identified using a combination of “enhancer trap” and behavioral screening methods. The ordered cell cycle progression of lamina precursor cells, which generate synaptic target neurons for photoreceptors, is disrupted in dally mutants. The first of two lamina precursor cell divisions shows a delayed entry into mitosis. The second division, one that is triggered by an intercellular signal from photoreceptor axons, fails to take place. Similar to lamina precursors, cells that generate the ommatidia of the adult eye show two synchronized divisions found along the morphogenetic furrow in the eye disc and the first division cycle in dally mutants displays a delayed progression into M phase like that found in the first lamina precursor cell division. dally mutations also affect viability and produce morphological defects in several adult tissues, including the eye, antenna, wing and genitalia. Sequencing of a dally cDNA reveals a potential open reading frame of 626 amino acids with homology to a family of Glypican-related integral membrane proteoglycans. These heparan sulfate-containing proteins are attached to the external leaflet of the plasma membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol linkage. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans may serve as co-receptors for a variety of secreted proteins including fibroblast growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor and members of the Wnt, TGF-beta and Hedgehog families. The cell division defects found in dally mutants implicate the Glypican group of integral membrane proteoglycans in the control of cell division during development.
Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody-dependent phagocytosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells by autologous macrophages.

Unconjugated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are an important component of effective combination therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL). Antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) is a major mediator of mAb cytotoxicity, but there is limited knowledge of the determinants of ADP efficacy. We used macrophages derived in vitro from autologous circulating monocytes to test the effects of mAb structure and concentration, target : effector cell ratio, duration of co-incubation and CLL cell CD20 expression on ADP. Next-generation anti-CD20 mAbs (ofatumumab, ublituximab, obinutuzumab, ocaratuzumab) were significantly more effective at inducing ADP compared to rituximab, but none were as effective as the anti-CD52 mAb alemtuzumab. Ofatumumab (10 μg/ml) used as a representative next-generation anti-CD20 mAb achieved an ADP plateau at 3 h co-incubation with a target : effector ratio of 10 : 1 (mean = 2.1 CLL cells/macrophage, range = 1.5-3.5). At 0.156 μg/ml (the lowest concentration tested) ofatumumab ADP was significantly higher than alemtuzumab. However, ofatumumab-induced ADP did not increase significantly at higher mAb concentrations. We show that anti-CD20 mAb ADP efficacy is determined by the mAb characteristics, target : effector ratio and incubation time. We suggest that preclinical evaluation of anti-CD20 mAbs to understand the determinants of ADP could be useful in designing future combination therapies for CLL.
Maternity Waiting Home – A light of hope for pregnant women in tribal areas?

A Maternity Waiting Home (MWH) is a residential facility located near the delivery point where ‘high risk’ pregnant women can wait for delivery. It is an effective means to ‘bridge the geographical gap’ and reduce Out of Pocket Spending (OOPS). They provide limited accommodation with food to the expecting mothers and attendants. Medical care is provided round the clock with provision of transfer facility to the delivering hospital. It is generally run in partnership mode in vulnerable areas with low institutional deliveries. An analysis shows some important strengths and weakness. The authors conclude that though there are no concrete community trials suggesting the effectiveness of such an initiative, opportunities can be utilised for further improvement of the MWHs keeping aside the hurdles and bottlenecks. External evaluation of the functioning of the Maternity Waiting Homes can also provide evidences. Operational research can provide a good direction to the whole process.
On the relationship between the Dixon-based resultant construction and the supports of polynomial systems

Different matrix based resultant formulations use the support of the polynomials in a polynomial system in various ways for setting up resultant matrices for computing resultants. Every formulation suffers, however, from the fact that for most polynomial systems, the output is not a resultant, but rather a nontrivial multiple of the resultant, called a projection operator. It is shown that for the Dixon-based resultant methods, the degree of the projection operator of unmixed polynomial systems is determined by the support hull of the support of the polynomial system. This is similar to the property that the Newton polytope of a support determines the degree of the resultant for toric zeros.The support hull of a given support is similar to its convex hull (Newton polytope) except that instead of the Euclidean distance, the support hull is defined using relative quadrant (octant) position of points. The concept of a support hull interior point with respect to a support is defined. It is shown that for unmixed polynomial systems, generic inclusion of terms corresponding to support hull interior points does not change the size of the Dixon matrix (hence, the degree of the projection operator). The support hull of a support is the closure of the support with respect to support-interior points.The above results are shown to hold both for the generalized Dixon formulation as well as for Sylvester-type Dixon dialytic matrices constructed using the Dixon formulation.It is proved that for an unmixed polynomial system, the size of the Dixon matrix is less than or equal to the Minkowski sum of the alternating sums of the successive projections of the support of the polynomial system. This is a refinement of the result in Kapur and Saxena 1996 about the size of the Dixon matrix of a polynomial system, where it was shown that for the unmixed polynomial system, the size of the Dixon matrix is less than or equal to the Minkowski sum of the successive projection of the support.Many other combinatorial properties of the size of the Dixon matrix and the structure of the Dixon polynomial of a given polynomial system are related to the support hull of the polynomial system and their projections along different dimensions.This research is supported in part by NSF grant nos. CCR-0203051, CDA-9503064 and a grant from the Computer Science Research Institute at Sandia National Labs.
On linear programming duality and Landau’s characterization of tournament

H. G. Landau has characterized those integer-sequences S = (s1 ,s 2 ,...,s n) which can arise as score-vectors in an ordinary round- robin tournament among n contestants (17). If s1 ≤ s2 ≤· · · ≤sn ,t he relevant conditions are expressed simply by the inequalities: k
Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer Observations of Young Stellar Objects in the Lynds 1509 Dark Cloud in Auriga

The Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) has uncovered a striking cluster of young stellar object (YSO) candidates associated with the L1509 dark cloud in Auriga. The WISE observations, at 3.4 μm, 4.6 μm, 12 μm, and 22 μm, show a number of objects with colors consistent with YSOs, and their spectral energy distributions suggest the presence of circumstellar dust emission, including numerous Class I, flat spectrum, and Class II objects. In general, the YSOs in L1509 are much more tightly clustered than YSOs in other dark clouds in the Taurus-Auriga star forming region, with Class I and flat spectrum objects confined to the densest aggregates, and Class II objects more sparsely distributed. We estimate a most probable distance of 485-700 pc, and possibly as far as the previously estimated distance of 2 kpc.
Bye-Bye Bundles: The Unbundling of Music in Digital Channels

Abstract Fueled by digital distribution, unbundling is prevalent in many information and entertainment industries. What is the effect of this unbundling on sales, and what bundle characteristics drive this effect? The author empirically examines these questions in the context of the music industry, using data on weekly digital-track, digital-album, and physical-album sales from January 2005 to April 2007 for all titles released by a sample of more than 200 artists. The modeling framework, a system of an “album-sales” and a “song-sales” equation estimated with the seemingly unrelated regression method, explicitly accounts for the interaction between sales for the bundle and its components. The findings reveal that revenues decrease significantly as digital downloading becomes more prevalent, but the number of items included in a bundle (a measure of its “objective” value) is not a significant moderator of this effect. Instead, bundles with items that are more equal in their appeal and bundles offered by pr...
Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of the Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor Huperzine A as a Treatment for Cocaine Use Disorder

Background: Cholinergic transmission is altered by drugs of abuse and contributes to psychostimulant reinforcement. In particular, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, like huperzine A, may be effective as treatments for cocaine use disorder. Methods: The current report describes results from a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in which participants (n=14–17/group) were randomized to huperzine A (0.4 or 0.8mg) or placebo. Participants received randomized infusions of cocaine (0 and 40mg, IV) on days 1 and 9. On day 10, participants received noncontingent, randomized infusions of cocaine (0 and 20mg, IV) before making 5 choices to receive additional infusions. Results: Huperzine A was safe and well-tolerated and compared with placebo, treatment with huperzine A did not cause significant changes in any cocaine pharmacokinetic parameters (all P >.05). Time-course and peak effects analyses show that treatment with 0.4mg of huperzine A significantly attenuated cocaine-induced increases of “Any Drug Effect,” “High,” “Stimulated,” “Willing to Pay,” and “Bad Effects” (all P >.05). Conclusions: The current study represents a significant contribution to the addiction field since it serves as the first published report on the safety and potential efficacy of huperzine A as a treatment for cocaine use disorder.
Model of Hurricane Tide in Cape Fear Estuary

A quasi one-dimensional numerical-hydrodynamic model of storm surge in the Cape Fear River, North Carolina is formulated as an aid in determining storm tide frequencies. Separate momentum balances are maintained for the main channel and the adjacent shallows. Input at the ocean is specified from a hydrograph computed from Jelesnianski’s storm surge model, SPLASH, linearly combined with the astronomical tide. Verification was made for the astronomical tide and hurricanes Hazel, Diane, and Helene. Significant interaction between the hurricane surge and the astronomical tide is indicated. Storm data indicate that wind speeds over the upper portion of the estuary should be reduced to 0.7 of the open ocean values. Estimation of storm tide frequencies using this model is presented in a forthcoming paper by the writers.
Functional anatomy and physiology of gastric secretion.

Purpose of reviewThis review summarizes the past year's literature regarding the neuroendocrine and intracellular regulation of gastric acid secretion, discussing both basic and clinical aspects.Recent findingsGastric acid facilitates the digestion of protein as well as the absorption of iron, calci
Response of Mammalian Macrophages to Challenge with the Chlorovirus Acanthocystis turfacea Chlorella Virus 1

ABSTRACT It was recently reported that 44% of the oropharyngeal samples from the healthy humans in a study cohort had DNA sequences similar to that of the chlorovirus ATCV-1 (Acanthocystisturfacea chlorella virus 1, family Phycodnaviridae) and that these study subjects had decreases in visual processing and visual motor speed compared with individuals in whom no virus was detected. Moreover, mice inoculated orally with ATCV-1 developed immune responses to ATCV-1 proteins and had decreases in certain cognitive domains. Because heightened interleukin-6 (IL-6), nitric oxide (NO), and ERK mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation from macrophages are linked to cognitive impairments, we evaluated cellular responses and viral PFU counts in murine RAW264.7 cells and primary macrophages after exposure to ATCV-1 in vitro for up to 72 h after a virus challenge. Approximately 8% of the ATCV-1 inoculum was associated with macrophages after 1 h, and the percentage increased 2- to 3-fold over 72 h. Immunoblot assays with rabbit anti-ATCV-1 antibody detected a 55-kDa protein consistent with the viral capsid protein from 1 to 72 h and increasing de novo synthesis of a previously unidentified 17-kDa protein beginning at 24 h. Emergence of the 17-kDa protein did not occur and persistence of the 55-kDa protein declined over time when cells were exposed to heat-inactivated ATCV-1. Moreover, starting at 24 h, RAW264.7 cells exhibited cytopathic effects, annexin V staining, and cleaved caspase 3. Activation of ERK MAP kinases occurred in these cells by 30 min postchallenge, which preceded the expression of IL-6 and NO. Therefore, ATCV-1 persistence in and induction of inflammatory factors by these macrophages may contribute to declines in the cognitive abilities of mice and humans. IMPORTANCE Virus infections that persist in and stimulate inflammatory factors in macrophages contribute to pathologies in humans. A previous study showed that DNA sequences homologous to the chlorovirus ATCV-1 were found in a significant fraction of oropharyngeal samples from a healthy human cohort. We show here that ATCV-1, whose only known host is a eukaryotic green alga (Chlorellaheliozoae) that is an endosymbiont of the heliozoon Acanthocystisturfacea, can unexpectedly persist within murine macrophages and trigger inflammatory responses including factors that contribute to immunopathologies. The inflammatory factors that are produced in response to ATCV-1 include IL-6 and NO, whose induction is preceded by the activation of ERK MAP kinases. Other responses of ATCV-1-challenged macrophages include an apoptotic cytopathic effect, an innate antiviral response, and a metabolic shift toward aerobic glycolysis. Therefore, mammalian encounters with chloroviruses may contribute to chronic inflammatory responses from macrophages.
The latest on reporting CSP payments

“. . . the Conservation Security Program is substantially similar to the type of program described in section 126(a)(1) through (8) of the Code within the meaning of section 126(a)(9). As a result, all or a portion of cost-share payments received under the CSP is eligible for exclusion from gross income to the extent permitted by section 126. The language of the ruling echoed the language appearing in the Federal Register in June of 2005 in which the Secretary of Agriculture stated that “this determination permits recipients to exclude from gross income, for Federal income tax purposes, all or part of the existing practice, new practice, and enhancement activity payments to the extent allowed by the Internal Revenue Service.” However, as pointed out in articles appearing in the Agricultural Law Digest on November 18, 2005 and December 16, 2006, the exclusion provision under I.R.C. § 126 is limited to “improvements.” The language in the latest ruling, as with the language in the Federal Register announcement may lead CSP participants to believe that more of the CSP cost-share payments are excludible than is justified under I.R.C. § 126.
Effect of Starvation on Sulfide Oxidizing System in Rat Liver.

SummaryA system in rat liver which oxidizes sulfide to thiosulfate is significantly elevated upon starvation, both in total activity and specific activity. This increase could not be induced in vivo by elevated substrate levels, and was not due to the loss of an inhibitor. Cysteine desulfhydrase levels in rat liver were not materially changed by starvation. These results have been discussed in the light of other findings.
Invasion and Racial Attitudes: A Study of Housing in a Border City

at least five ways in which this type of research may be used in family education: (1) To acquaint parents, teachers, and the public generally with the actual facts, attitudes, and problems of youths or any other members of the family which one might study. (2) To provoke thought and discussion concerning the causes and consequences of such conditions, attitudes, and problems. (3) To stimulate inquiry concerning the resources already available in instutitons and in communities for taking some action to change the circumstances and attitudes of those persons being studied and to minimize or resolve the problems. (4) To arrive at some specific conclusions as to the expansion of resources and the development of techniques and skills for remedial purposes. (5) To stimulate further studies of various types of family problems in different localities. The need for the coordination of research and action in the field of family life has been repeatedly stressed. As Ernest W. Burgess puts it, "In a changing, complex and complicated society, the family and its members need the findings of psychological and sociological research. Young people of today are willing to participate in this research. They are not so much asking for advice as for the scientific knowledge which they can use to plan the patterns of family relationships which will give self-expression to the members of the family and promote their personal development."2 The present situation demands that we take up Burgess' challenge in our teaching and research; that we commit ourselves to the utilization of what ability we possess in ascertaining facts and their interrelations, in establishing social norms through our research, in applying the force of sound logic to the interpretation of our findings, and in disseminating in every way information which will benefit mankind. If we are negligent in our work as students of family life, we cannot hope for a reduction in the number of broken homes, the rate of juvenile delinquency, the quantity of sex vice, and related problems.
Reactivity of chlorotrifluoromethylcarbene: activation parameters for halocarbene-alkene addition reactions.

Activation parameters are reported for ClCCF3 additions to three alkenes (tetramethylethylene, cyclohexene, and 1-hexene). The results are compared to those for CCl2, CClF, and CF2. Activation enthalpies decrease as the carbene stability decreases and its electrophilicity increases, and also as alkene reactivity (degree of alkylation) increases. Activation entropies decrease in parallel with activation enthalpies, suggesting the operation of enthalpy–entropy compensation in these carbene additions.
Submission to Committee on Ways and Means - Comments Presented to the International Tax Reform Working Group

The House Ways & Means Committee Discussion Draft proposes a territorial system for the United States. This document is the author's comments as submitted to the Committee in conjunction with a hearing held on 17 November 2011. In connection with the Committee’s initiation in early 2013 of further consideration of international tax reform, this document was resubmitted on 3 March 2013. The draft importantly includes a dividend-received deduction of 95% instead of 100% as a mechanism to disallow expenses that are attributable to exempt foreign earnings. This mechanism causes the receipt of a dividend to be a "taxable event". The Draft also proposes elimination of the section 956 "investment in U.S. property rules." This elimination along with a dividend being a taxable event will continue the current encouragement of U.S. MNCs to stockpile earnings overseas in tax havens and will encourage intercompany loans of such funds that will further reduce the US tax base from the interest charged. Changes are suggested that will eliminate these detrimental effects. Comments and suggested changes are also proposed for a number of other matters within the Discussion Draft. The submission includes discussion under the following headings: 1. New §965 – Adjustment Needed to Avoid Rewarding Tax Structured Vehicles 2. New §245A and §956 – Dividend-Received Deduction Structure and Erosion of US Domestic Tax Base – A Flawed Mechanism Requiring Change 3. New §245A – Effect of Subpart F §954(b)(3)(A) De Minimis Rule – Need to Amend to Reflect Territorial System or Eliminate Completely 4. New §245A(b)(2)(A) – Treatment of Foreign Branches 5. New §245A(b)(2)(B) – Foreign Branch Defined 6. New §245A and §246(c)(5) – Effect of Becoming a CFC 7. New §1247 – Issues Concerning Sales and Exchanges 8. New §245A – Noncontrolled 10/50 Corporations – Foreign Tax Credit 9. New §904(b)(3) – Indirectly Allocable Expenses – Erosion of Domestic Tax Base 10. Deletion of §904(d) – Separate “Baskets” 11. §909 – Repeal 12. §§959 and 961 – Elimination 13. §1248 – Continued Application 14. §960 – Effect of Elimination of §902 15. Option A – New category of subpart F income for intangibles 16. Option B – New Low-Taxed Cross-Border Foreign Income 17. Option C – New Foreign Intangible Income 18. Which of the Three Options Should Be Used?
Obtaining and Formulating a Developmental History

Obtaining a detailed developmental history from caregivers is essential to comprehensive assessment. This article describes the goals and characteristics of caregiver interviewing, and provides suggestions for integrating data with other sources. Several specific areas of exploration are identified.
Mutations in Adenomatous Polyposis Coli, their role in cytoskeletal dynamics and cancer onset

Perturbations of the cellular cytoskeleton in cancer are typically associated with oncogenic mutations that result in changes in cell shape, migration, and division control. However, studies of monoallelic mutations in the tumor suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) reveal that disruption of cytoskeletal dynamics precedes cancer cell transformation and potentially alters a remarkable number of pathways that can independently contribute to disease progression. In this chapter, we lay out the evidence that monoallelic mutations in APC, found in human colorectal cancers, act dominantly to inhibit microtubule dynamics. We discuss evidence that inhibition of microtubule dynamics affects intestinal crypt cells where cancer originates. We will review the evidence that inhibition of microtubule dynamics results in a wide array of cellular defects including: mitotic errors and changes in chromosome ploidy; changes in spindle orientation that can alter cell fate; chronic perturbations in cytoskeletal dynamics that affect cell polarity and cell homeostasis. In addition, we will discuss how each of these pathways fits into current models that implicate genomic instability and changes in cellular programming in cancer onset. Finally, we propose a model whereby APC mutations and the resulting changes in cytoskeletal dynamics lead to a “permissive” state of heightened cellular adaptation that allows for cell proliferation in the presence of oncogenic mutations, thus promoting cancer onset and progression.
Syngas fermentation to ethanol using innovative hollow fiber membrane

Using unsustainable fossil fuels for energy is a critical issue in today’s society, and seeking a reliable and economical alternative energy source has raised a lot of attention recently. One of the potential solutions is to convert biomass, which is available in many forms, into fuels and commercial chemicals. The gasification of biomass followed by synthesis gas (syngas) fermentation is one of the novel methods for the potential commercialization necessary to the answer of fossil fuels replacement. An overview of fermentation from biomass-generated syngas is summarized in this chapter.
A clinicoepidemiological study of young age bladder tumors: An eastern Indian scenario.

Introduction: Though, bladder cancer is one of the most common urological malignancies, studies addressing the young age group bladder tumors are rare. Present study was done to determine the clinicoepidemiological aspects of bladder tumor diagnosed in young age patients and to compare these aspects with elderly patients. Patients and Methods: Patients with urinary bladder tumor were selectively divided into two groups; young ( 60 years). Groups were compared on various parameters and statistically analyzed using Fisher's exact two-tailed test. Results: Smoking, tea and coffee intake and exposure of dye were found significantly associated with development of bladder tumor. Most of the tumors in young age were small, solitary, and papillomatous. Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) was the most common histological subtype, though most were of low grade and were non-muscle invasive in comparison to the tumors in elderly group. Conclusion: The incidence of bladder cancer is common in younger age group. Active and passive cigarette smoking, tea, coffee intake, and exposure to organic dyes are major risk factor for younger age group bladder tumor in this part of world. TCC is most common histological subtype and most of them are in low grade without muscle invasion.
Chapter 13 – Care of the Adult Patient with HIV Infection

Care of HIV infected patients is constantly changing and improving, which is reflected by objective increases in patient survival. This chapter outlines approach to the initial assessment of the HIV-infected adult patient. Information on the natural history of HIV infection has demonstrated the importance and proper timing for beginning prophylaxis for prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), central nervous system disease because of toxoplasma gondii infection, and disseminated mycobacterium avium complex (dMAC) infection. Use of measurements of CD4 + lymphocyte counts in conjunction with HIV in plasma, to determine when to initiate and change ART therapy is giving greater precision to clinical management. Introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has had a major impact on the natural history of HIV infection and has introduced certain new challenges in the care of HIV-infected patients in terms of managing drug resistance and adverse effects. Furthermore, the complexities of patient management are much greater, improved patient outcomes likely depends more on receiving care by experienced healthcare providers.
A2AR Binding Kinetics in the Ligand Depletion Regime

Ligand binding plays a fundamental role in stimulating the downstream signaling of membrane receptors. Here, ligand-binding kinetics of the full-length human adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) reconstituted in detergent micelles were measured using a fluorescently labeled ligand via fluorescence anisotropy. Importantly, to optimize the signal-to-noise ratio, these experiments were conducted in the ligand depletion regime. In the ligand depletion regime, the assumptions used to determine analytical solutions for one-site binding models for either one or two ligands in competition are no longer valid. We therefore implemented a numerical solution approach to analyze kinetic binding data as experimental conditions approach the ligand depletion regime. By comparing the results from the numerical and the analytical solutions, we highlight the ligand-receptor ratios at which the analytical solution begins to lose predictive accuracy. Using the numerical solution approach, we determined the kinetic rate constants of the fluorescent ligand, FITC-APEC, and those for three unlabeled ligands using competitive association experiments. The association and dissociation rate constants of the unlabeled ligands determined from the competitive association experiments were then independently validated using competitive dissociation data. Based on this study, a numerical solution is recommended to determine kinetic ligand-binding parameters for experiments conducted in the ligand-depletion regime.
Multiple-inlet Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal system modelling under varying wind and temperature conditions

Abstract Air-based, open-loop Building Integrated Photovoltaic/Thermal (BIPV/T) systems are an efficient means for generating electricity and useful heat from incident solar energy. However, due to the low heat exchange efficiency of air, overheating issues may occur that can reduce the electrical production of the system, as well as its durability. With the introduction of multiple intakes of air along the PV string, the goal is to improve the heat extraction from all PV panels, while achieving lower and more uniform PV temperatures. This study presents the results of a numerical investigation on the comparison of the performance of single and multiple-inlet BIPV/T systems for a possible retrofit or new buildings, with an example of a potential large scale installation on an office building. The comparison was carried out considering a cold winter and a hot summer day, under varying wind conditions, in terms of electrical and thermal performance, and PV temperature distributions. For the modelling of a multiple-inlet BIPV/T system, a flow distribution model was developed utilizing pressure drop and flow correlations, as well as wind tunnel pressure measurements representing the wind effects on the flow distributions, and a modified energy balance model for the multiple-inlet system. It was found that a multiple-inlet BIPV/T system may have up to 1% higher electrical efficiency corresponding to 7% additional power to the total output of a 120 kW system and up to 24% higher thermal efficiency, while resulting in the lowest and most uniform PV temperatures.
Using Bayesian framework to calibrate a physically based model describing strain-stress behavior of TRIP steels

Abstract Often times, the development of physical models of materials behavior is hindered not only by the incompleteness of the theoretical approach, but also by uncertainties that arise from limitations in the experimental observations used to validate and calibrate these models. In this work, we present a Bayesian framework for both the calibration of physical models as well as the quantification of likely uncertainty in experimental observations and apply it to a model for the plastic response of multi-phase Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP) steels. The model is based on a formulation of irreversible thermodynamics of plastic deformation and accounts for the presence of multiple phases through homogenization theories based on the iso-work approximation. Bayesian calibration through Metropolis-Hastings Markov Chain Monte Carlo has been used to calibrate a subset of the model parameters against experimental data sequentially and simultaneously. The calibrated parameters obtained from sequential training were in turn used to assess the uncertainty in a subset of experimental data—i.e. phase volume fractions—used as input to the models themselves. The viability of the calibration approach has also been examined using synthetic data generated from simultaneous calibrated model.
Integrative Review of the Social Aspects of Job Design

The increasing prevalence of teams and social interaction in organizations highlights the significance of creating motivational job designs within the social context of work. Based on a review of s...
Structure–Activity Relationship Study of PD 404182 Derivatives for the Highly Potent Anti-HIV Agents

Using facile synthetic approaches to pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imines and related tricyclic derivatives, the parallel structural optimizations were investigated for the central 1,3-thiazin-2-imine core, the benzene part, and the cyclic amidine part of PD 404182. Replacement of the 6-6-6 pyrimido[1,2-c][1,3]benzothiazin-6-imine framework with 5-6-6 or 6-6-5 derivatives led to a significant loss of anti-HIV activity, and introduction of a hydrophobic group at the 9- or 10-positions improved the potency. The most potent PD 404182 derivative exerts anti-HIV effects at an early stage of viral infection including binding and fusion.
Plasticity and personality of parental care in the clown anemonefish

Characterizing individual variation in parental care is critical to understanding how selection shapes and maintains patterns of care, yet little is known about how individual parents vary in their responses to the environment. Reaction norms, functions that describe how phenotypes change across an environmental gradient, provide an elegant framework for studying individual variation in behavioural responses. We use a reaction norm approach to investigate how studying plasticity, which describes variation within an individual through time, and personality, which describes repeatable variation among individuals, together explain individual variation in the parental behaviour of the anemonefish Amphiprion percula. More specifically, we test how resource availability influences individual parental responses to the environment and discuss the consequences for our understanding of plasticity and personality in parental care. Breeding pairs of A. percula were fed either a high or a low food ration and their parental behaviours were monitored. Individuals exhibited plasticity in parental behaviour across the two resource environments. Furthermore, individuals were repeatable in their behaviour through time, as evidenced by significant among-individual variation in intercept. Finally, the slope and elevation of individual reaction norms varied, revealing a level of variation not captured at the population level and providing insight into the potential mechanisms generating individual variation.
Media Effects in Youth Exposed to Terrorist Incidents: a Historical Perspective.

This paper reviews the evidence on the relationship between contact with media coverage of terrorist incidents and psychological outcomes in children and adolescents while tracing the evolution in research methodology. Studies of recent events in the USA have moved from correlational cross-sectional studies examining primarily television coverage and posttraumatic stress reactions to longitudinal studies that address multiple media forms and a range of psychological outcomes including depression and anxiety. Studies of events in the USA—the 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, the September 11 attacks, and the 2013 Boston Marathon bombing—and elsewhere have used increasingly sophisticated research methods to document a relationship between contact with various media forms and adverse psychological outcomes in children with different event exposures. Although adverse outcomes are associated with reports of greater contact with terrorism coverage in cross-sectional studies, there is insufficient evidence at this time to assume a causal relationship. Additional research is needed to investigate a host of issues such as newer media forms, high-risk populations, and contextual factors.
Islamic Shangri-La: Inter-Asian Relations and Lhasa’s Muslim Communities, 1600 to 1960

David Atwill transports readers to the heart of the Himalayas as he traces the rise of the Tibetan Muslim community from the seventeenth century to the mid-twentieth century. Radically altering popular interpretations that have portrayed Tibet as isolated and monolithically Buddhist, Atwill’s vibrant account demonstrates how truly cosmopolitan Tibetan society was by highlighting the hybrid infl uences and internal diversity of Tibet. In its exploration of the Tibetan Muslim experience, Islamic Shangri-La presents an unparalleled perspective of Tibet’s standing during the rise of post–World War II Asia. “Atwill’s groundbreaking book traces a forgotten Muslim thread through the knot of identity, subjecthood, and citizenship in twentieth-century Tibet, offering a fresh perspective on the region’s tumultuous modern history. It is a highly readable narrative of a Muslim community that has often been rendered invisible, and an important statement on the transition from empires to nation-states at the Inner Asian nexus of Tibet, China, India, and the Islamic world.” RIAN THUM, author of The Sacred Routes of Uyghur History “The history of the Tibetan Muslims, which at fi rst may seem like yet another borderland oddity, actually provides a remarkable vantage point from which to survey Asian history anew. Not only does Atwill’s use of untapped archival sources and interviews produce original scholarship, but his innovative framing of the material provides valuable perspectives on a history we thought we knew quite well.” JOHAN ELVERSKOG, author of Buddhism and Islam on the Silk Road DAVID G. ATWILL is Associate Professor of History at Penn State University where he teaches a broad range of courses on China, Tibet, and world history. His previous books include The Chinese Sultanate: Islam, Ethnicity, and the Panthay Rebellion in Southwestern China, 1856–1873 and Sources in Chinese History: Diverse Perspectivesfrom 1644 to the Present .
Expectations for the National Spherical Torus Experiment`s high harmonic fast wave system

High harmonic fast waves (HHFW) have been chosen as the primary method to drive steady state currents in the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX). The somewhat limited experience with this frequency range in conventional tokamak plasma indicates that the coupling to electrons should be successful; however, there is no experimental data base for HHFWs in the unique and rapidly varying plasma regimes expected for NSTX. In this paper, the authors describe how the HHFW antenna was designed for NSTX using the computer codes to help make decisions that might affect the system`s performance and operation. The antenna geometry has been optimized to maintain the power handling and phase control requirements within engineering constraints. The physics issues that lead to the choice of poloidal current strap orientation are discussed. Expectations for current profile control using the antenna`s phase control system are also discussed.
Using Spaced Retrieval With External Aids to Improve Use of Compensatory Strategies During Eating for Persons With Dementia

Purpose This study was designed to determine whether spaced retrieval (SR), when paired with an external memory aid, is an effective technique to teach persons with dementia to use compensatory swa...
The susceptibility of rhesus monkeys to motion sickness.

The susceptibility of rhesus monkeys to motion sickness was investigated using test conditions that are provocative for eliciting motion sickness in squirrel monkeys. Ten male rhesus monkeys and ten male Bolivian squirrel monkeys were rotated in the vertical axis at 150 deg/s for a maximum duration of 45 min. Each animal was tested in two conditions, continuous rotation and intermittent rotation. None of the rhesus monkeys vomited during the motion tests but all of the squirrel monkeys did. Differences were observed between the species in the amount of activity that occurred during motion test, with the squirrel monkeys being significantly more active than the rhesus monkeys. These results, while substantiating anecdotal reports of the resistance of rhesus monkeys to motion sickness, should be interpreted with caution because of the documented differences that exist between various species with regard to stimuli that are provocative for eliciting motion sickness.
What is market manipulation? Lessons from Barclays and Powhatan

Abstract One crucial element of restructured electricity market regulation is the need to act against firms that engage in market manipulation. Unfortunately, manipulation law is poorly developed, in part because the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has its confused its different roles as a prosecutor and a court. Thus, at present, there seems to have been little progress on questions of what constitutes manipulation, what evidence is needed to show manipulation, and how manipulation laws can be best applied. Currently there appear to be two different types of manipulation cases. In the first, the theory of manipulation is clear, but the evidence to support that theory is weak. In the second, while the evidence is clear, it is uncertain whether the behavior in question constitutes “manipulation.” I suggest that the proper method for advancing manipulation law would be to remove from FERC its judicial role, and send these cases directly to the federal judiciary for determinations of liability.
Flourishing Ethics

This essay describes a new ethical theory that has begun to coalesce from the works of several scholars in the international computer ethics community. I call the new theory ?Flourishing Ethics' because of its Aristotelian roots, though it also includes ideas suggestive of Taoism and Buddhism. In spite of its roots in ancient ethical theories, Flourishing Ethics is informed and grounded by recent scientific insights into the nature of living things, human nature and the fundamental nature of the universe --- ideas from today's information theory, astrophysics and genetics. Flourishing Ethics can be divided conveniently into two parts. The first part, which I call ?Human-Centered FE,' is focused exclusively upon human beings --- their actions, values and characters. The second part, which I call ?General FE,' applies to every physical entity in the universe, including humans. Rather than replacing traditional ?great ethical theories,' Flourishing Ethics is likely to deepen and broaden our understanding of them.
Preliminary Application of Deep Learning to Design Space Exploration

The increasing trend towards higher performance electronic systems has led to various challenges in design space exploration. Often times, interconnects in such systems are analyzed using CPU intensive fullwave EM simulations, making parameter sweeps in a very large design space impractical. In this paper, we propose using Deep Neural Networks (DNN) as a solution to cover the large design space using their generalization capability, i.e., predicting outside the range of training data. We show the performance of the proposed method on predicting the frequency dependent RLGC matrices of a multi-conductor microstrip transmission line.
Customers Satisfaction Towards LPG in House Hold in Thoothukudi City

This paper presents the socio-economic status and customer’s satisfaction towards LPG in house hold in Thoothukudi city of Tamilnadu. The objectives of the present study are: 1. To study the socio-economic structure of LPG consumers in Thoothukudi city. 2. To identify customer’s satisfaction towards LPG in households. 3. To analyse awareness about gas subsidy. 4. To find out approximate fuel expense per month. 5. To identify the reasons for gas leakage. It has been observed that approximate days of a gas cylinder to household sector. 49% of the respondents cooking 15-20 days, 27% of the respondents cooking 20-25 days, 17% of the respondents cooking 25-30% days, 5% of the respondents cooking Above 30 days. It is found that 79% of the respondents are aware of gas subsidy and still 21% of the respondents are not aware of gas subsidy. The study displays that 55% of the respondent’s expenses for cooking fuel are less than Rs.1000, 38% of the respondent’s expenses for LPG are Rs.1000-1500 and 7% of the respondent’s expenses are above Rs.1500 per month. 78% of the respondent’s opinion is easy in registration of cylinders. 22% of the respondents said they are not satisfied. Out of 180 respondents 54% of the households fitting regulator improper, 35% of the household’s gas leakage problem is due to long duration of tube, 11% of the household’s negligence of gas leakage. The mean monthly family income of the households works out to be Rs.11,700. In order to find out the significant difference in satisfaction of LPG among the sample respondents based on sex, the ‘t’ value was calculated and the calculated ‘t’ value was found to be 0.5351 which is lower than the table value 1.97 which is significant at 0.05 level. Therefore, the null hypothesis is accepted and concluded that there is no significant difference in satisfaction of LPG among the respondents between sexes.
Ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis. Long-term results in 137 patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease.

Long-term follow-up of 137 patients who had an ascending aorta—right pulmonary artery anastomosis at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia between 1966 and 1975 is presented. One hundred four patients survived the first hospitalization. Of the 81 patients currently alive, 30 have had a successful corrective operation. Nine patients died at the time of correction. Fifty patients have adequate palliation. Of the 56 deaths, only nine were shunt related. Late complications in the 104 first admission survivors included congestive heart failure (23 percent), pulmonary artery hypertension (7 percent), pulmonary vascular obstructive disease (1 percent), and shunt failure (9 percent). Special catheterization techniques to evaluate the shunt and its effect on the pulmonary arteries prior to surgical correction are described. The ascending aorta-right pulmonary artery anastomosis can provide effective palliation without interfering with subsequent corrective operations.
Testing Hypotheses in the Presence of Nuisance Parameters

Hypothesis tests for a vector-valued parameter are considered in this chapter. A single component of the parameter vector is of interest in the test, and the rest of the components the parameter vector are the “nuisance parameters.” The goal is to find a test that maximizes the power over all the components of the parameter vector. Because of the uniform nature of this optimality, it is possible only under rather restrictive conditions. Thus the Uniformly Most Powerful Unbiased tests are considered.
Pancreaticobiliary Options in Patients with Altered Surgical Anatomy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is commonly performed for accessing, imaging, and treating disorders of the biliary tree and pancreas but can be complicated in patients who have altered surgical anatomy from prior foregut surgery. Roux-en-Y and Billroth II reconstructions present a challenge to the endoscopist due to their consequent long afferent limbs and the retrograde approach to the ampulla. Alternative endoscopic access to the biliary tree is often warranted in these patients, including deep enteroscopy with the assistance of various overtubes, transgastric approaches utilizing the assistance of laparoscopy or internal endoscopic ultrasound, or direct biliary access under endoscopic ultrasound guidance. In this chapter, each of these access procedures will be reviewed along with their respective clinical applications and outcomes. Selection of the most appropriate management approach can be challenging and dependent on patient acuity, available resources, and technical expertise.
Fast Forward/Fast Reverse for a Digital HDTV VCR

This paper describes a digital HDTV VCR which records an MPEG2 compressed HDTV bitstream and plays back into a HDTV video decoder. The VCR is enhanced with a Fast Forward/Fast Reverse feature which plays full motion high speed video with reduced image quality. The VCR makes use of trick play track to locate data on the tape which can be played back during trick mode operation. Trick play track is a section of the tape dedicated for use at a single playback speed and direction faster than record speed. Data is extracted from the MPEG2 bitstream without decoding and stored in the trick play track. Data extraction is accomplished in order to be compatible with MPEG2 capabilities for Fast Forward/Fast Reverse.