cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Analysis of Out-of-Plane Composite Lamina Properties Relative to Configuration and Constitutive Properties

A probabilistic framework and the supporting tools are developed and demonstrated to investigate the out-of-plane properties of a composite lamina. The framework methodology consists of a sensitivity analysis to determine the most influential input parameters followed by a probabilistic analysis to quantify the effects of the uncertainty in these parameters on lamina properties. To demonstrate the framework, sensitivity analysis is performed through finite element analysis of unit cell models to identify the most influential constituent and configuration parameters on lamina behavior, specifically on out-of-plane lamina properties. The effects of uncertainty in these input parameters are then quantified through Monte Carlo simulation using probabilistic distributions to represent each input under consideration. One of three distribution types (Normal, Lognormal, and Weibull) can be assigned, and a different distribution type can represent each input parameter. To study configuration effects, a representative volume element (RVE) consisting of two different fiber materials is investigated. The location and percent composition of the two different fiber materials are varied to analyze their effects on out-of-plane lamina properties.
Efficacy of the ascorbic acid stereoisomers in proline hydroxylation in vitro.

SummaryThe two uncommon stereoisomers of ascorbic acid have been prepared by alkaline isomerization of L-xylo and D-arabo ascorbate. All four stereoisomers of ascorbic acid have been tested for their efficacy in promoting the hydroxylation of peptidyl proline using the procedure of Hutton et al. and showed comparable efficiency in this system. Thus no stereospecific role for ascorbate in prolyl hydroxylation is demonstrated for the hydroxylation reaction itself.The authors thank Mrs. Dale Karr for the chromatographic analysis of the purity of the ascorbate stereoisomers.
Bridging the divide between queer theory and anarchism

Much of the struggle for a queer public commons involves tactics and philosophical understandings embraced by anarchists and queers alike. A few of these overlapping positions include: an embrace of the insurrectionary possibilities of pleasure; a rejection of social controls and formal hierarchies in favor of mutual aid networks and DIY community building; the use of direct action; and a culture of resistance. The interconnections between these movements are often under-theorized and under-valued. Yet, rather than build on these linkages, much of today’s queer theory finds itself facing a divide separating theory from practice. This article explores this divide in relation to historically-informed examples of current queer activist practices in which queers and anarchists share common cause. The examples highlight the links between anarchism and efforts aimed at reproductive health and sexual self-determination, public assembly, and battles against social prohibitions and vice squads. The article conclud...
An Innovative Package EMC Solution Using a Highly Cost-Effective Sputtered Conformal Shield

High-speed digital and wireless devices radiate undesired electromagnetic noises that affect the normal operation of other devices causing electromagnetic interference (EMI) problems. Printed circuit board (PCB) and system-level shielding may alleviate inter-system EMI between the PCB board and the outside environment, but does not prevent intra-system EMI within the shielding enclosure. Package and System in Package (SiP) level shielding is often used to minimize intra-system EMI issues. An external metal lid is traditionally employed to prevent noise emission from a device, but the cost and size of this technique makes it unattractive for modern electronics. Conformal shielding is gaining momentum due to its size and height advantages. However, high cost and complexity of the sprayed coating shield prevents it from being used for a wide range of low cost commercial applications. In this paper, an innovative shielding technology with sputtered metal conformal shield is investigated using a specially desi...
Pharmacotherapy of ADHD in Adults

There is a complex overlap between major depressive disorder (MDD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The different therapeutic options for adult ADHD mirror those used for children with ADHD. Both stimulant and nonstimulant medications are used to treat the disorder.
Understanding the Limits of Technology’s Impact on Police Effectiveness:

Technology has become a major source of expenditure and innovation in law enforcement and is assumed to hold great potential for enhancing police work. But does technology achieve these expectation...
Lightweight and Accurate Silent Data Corruption Detection in Ordinary Differential Equation Solvers

Silent data corruptions SDCs are errors that corrupt the system or falsify results while remaining unnoticed by firmware or operating systems. In numerical integration solvers, SDCs that impact the accuracy of the solver are considered significant. Detecting SDCs in high-performance computing is necessary because results need to be trustworthy and the increase of the number and complexity of components in emerging large-scale architectures makes SDCs more likely to occur. Until recently, SDC detection methods consisted in replicating the processes of the execution or in using checksums for example algorithm-based fault tolerance. Recently, new detection methods have been proposed relying on mathematical properties of numerical kernels or performing data analysis of the results modified by the application. None of those methods, however, provide a lightweight solution guaranteeing that all significant SDCs are detected. We propose a new method called Hot Rod as a solution to this problem. It checks and potentially corrects the data produced by numerical integration solvers. Our theoretical model shows that all significant SDCs can be detected. We present two detectors and conduct experiments on streamline integration from the WRF meteorology application. Compared with the algorithmic detection methods, the accuracy of our first detector is increased by $$52\,\%$$ with a similar false detection rate. The second detector has a false detection rate one order of magnitude lower than these detection methods while improving the detection accuracy by $$23\,\%$$. The computational overhead is lower than $$5\,\%$$ in both cases. The model has been developed for an explicit Runge-Kutta method, although it can be generalized to other solvers.
Prognostic Effect of Carcinoma In Situ in Muscle-invasive Urothelial Carcinoma Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

Abstract Background Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a poor prognostic finding in urothelial carcinoma. However, its significance in muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (MIUC) treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is uncertain. We assessed the effect of CIS found in pretreatment transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) biopsies on the pathologic and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods Subjects with MIUC treated with NAC before cystectomy were identified. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rates stratified by TURBT CIS status were compared. The secondary analyses included tumor response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and an exploratory post hoc analysis of patients with pathologic CIS only (pTisN0) at cystectomy. Results A total of 137 patients with MIUC were identified. TURBT CIS was noted in 30.7% of the patients. The absence of TURBT CIS was associated with a significantly increased pCR rate (23.2% vs. 9.5%; odds ratio, 4.08; 95% confidence interval, 1.19-13.98; P = .025). Stage pTisN0 disease was observed in 19.0% of the TURBT CIS patients. TURBT CIS status did not significantly affect the PFS or OS outcomes. Post hoc analysis of the pTisN0 patients revealed prolonged median PFS (104.5 vs. 139.9 months; P = .055) and OS (104.5 vs. 152.3 months; P = .091) outcomes similar to those for the pCR patients. Conclusion The absence of CIS on pretreatment TURBT in patients with MIUC undergoing NAC was associated with increased pCR rates, with no observed differences in PFS or OS. Isolated CIS at cystectomy was frequently observed, with lengthy PFS and OS durations similar to those for pCR patients. Further studies aimed at understanding the biology and clinical effect of CIS in MIUC are warranted.
Wilson's Disease

Wilson's disease is a rare disorder of copper metabolism that results in accumulation of copper in the liver and subsequently in other organs, mainly the central nervous system and the kidneys. Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of Wilson's disease are presented in this review with the emphasis that this is a disease of children, adolescents, and young adults. The myriad manifestations of Wilson's disease make its diagnosis dependent on a high index of suspicion, and the determination of its genetic background is helping elucidate the genotype–phenotype correlation and the diversity of presentations. Treatment of Wilson's disease has progressed from chelation therapy using D-penicillamine and trientine to the more recent use of zinc and finally to the establishment of liver transplantation as an urgent but excellent modality for fulminant presentation. The evolution of Wilson's disease from a uniformly fatal disease to an eminently treatable one over the course of the last century is an example of the remarkable advances of modern medicine.
Process resilient overlay target designs for advanced memory manufacture

In recent years, lithographic printability of overlay metrology targets for memory applications has emerged as a significant issue. Lithographic illumination conditions such as extreme dipole, required to achieve the tightest possible pitches in DRAM pose a significant process window challenge to the metrology target design. Furthermore, the design is also required to track scanner aberration induced pattern placement errors of the device structure. Previous workiii, has shown that the above requirements have driven a design optimization methodology which needs to be tailored for every lithographic and integration scheme, in particular self-aligned double and quadruple patterning methods. In this publication we will report on the results of a new target design technique and show some example target structures which, while achieving the requirements specified above, address a further critical design criterion – that of process resilience.
Gene Therapy for Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy: Low- and Medium-Dose Visual Results

Purpose To determine the effects of AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). Design Prospective open-label, unilateral single-dose, intravitreal injection of AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 per participant. Participants Fourteen patients with visual loss and mutated G11778A mitochondrial DNA. Methods Intravitreal injection with the gene therapy vector AAV2(Y444,500,730F)-P1ND4v2 into 1 eye. Six participants with chronic bilateral visual loss lasting more than 12 months (group 1), 6 participants with bilateral visual loss lasting less than 12 months (group 2), and 2 participants with unilateral visual loss (group 3) were treated. Nine patients had at least 12 months of follow-up. Clinical testing included visual acuity, visual fields, optical coherence tomography, pattern electroretinography, and neuro-ophthalmic examinations. Generalized estimating equation methods were used for longitudinal analyses. Main Outcome Measure Loss of visual acuity. Results For groups 1 and 2, month 12 average acuity improvements with treatment relative to baseline were 0.24 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR). Fellow eyes had a 0.09-logMAR improvement. A post hoc comparison found that at month 12, the difference between study eye minus fellow eye improvement in group 2 patients of 0.53 logMAR was greater than that observed in our prior acute natural history patients of 0.21 logMAR ( P = 0.053). At month 18, the difference between study eye minus fellow eye improvement in our acute group 2 gene therapy patients of 0.96 was more than that observed in our prior acute natural history patients (0.17 logMAR; P P = 0.013). Generalized estimating equations suggested that PERG amplitudes worsened more in treated eyes than in fellow eyes by approximately 0.05 μV ( P = 0.009 exchangeable). No difference between eyes in outcomes of other visual function measures was evident. Conclusions Allotopic gene therapy for LHON at low and medium doses seems to be safe and does not damage the temporal retinal nerve fiber layer, opening the door next for testing of the high dose.
Two-way communication between scientists and the public: a view from science communication trainers in North America

ABSTRACTThe current study explores the degree to which two-way communication is applied in science communication contexts in North America, based on the experiences of science communication trainers. Interviews with 24 science communication trainers suggest that scientists rarely focus on applying two-way communication tactics, such as listening to their audiences or tailoring messages based on their audiences’ needs. Also, although trainers generally recognize the value of two-way communication, it is seldom addressed in science communication trainings. The importance of two-way communication in fostering interactive dialogical communication between scientists and the public, and thus the importance of emphasizing it more during science communication training, is discussed.
Diagnosis and treatment of meconium ileus

Objective To summarize our experience on the diagnosis and treatment of meconium ileus (MI).Methods In the last 7 years,13 patients included 6 males and 7 females were diagnosed with MI,and underwent treatment at this department.Among these patients,8 patients were premature infants,and 6 were low birth weight newborns.Ten were simple MI,and the other 3 were complicated MI.The symptom,age,gender,birth weight and other clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results One patient underwent conservative treatment.Two patients meconium was removed by saline irrigation via the appendiceal stump.One patient underwent intestinal resection and anastomosis.All these 4 patients recovered without any complications after surgery.The other 9 patients underwent enterostomy,and 5 of them were performed secondary operation 3-12 months later to close the enterostomy.Three patients gave up further treatment and one lost follow-up.No symptom of cystic fibrosis was noted in all patients.Conclusions Meconium ileus is predominantly seen in premature and low birth weight newborns.An individualized treatment plan should be made for each patient to improve the clinical outcome. Key words: Intestinal obstruction; Meconium; Hirschsprung's disease
Child Maltreatment, Delinquent Behavior, and School Factors as Predictors of Depressive Symptoms from Adolescence to Adulthood: A Growth Mixture Model:

Previous methodological approaches have not been flexible enough to model the heterogeneity of depressive symptoms or to identify variations between prototypical trajectories conditional on risk an...
Three Major Problems Threatening Multi-National Pharmaceutical Companies Doing Business in China

Multinational Companies (MNCs) in the pharmaceutical industry today face formidable challenges in China, the world’s second largest pharmaceutical market after the U.S. Not only is China the world’s largest source of counterfeit and substandard drugs, Chinese authorities have also recently targeted MNCs as part of a crackdown on bribery and competition law violations. In addition, China has a number of technology transfer laws that seem designed to force MNCs to provide uncompensated access to their proprietary technology protected by patents and trade secrets. All of these problems can be traceable to China’s rising nationalism and protectionism in its dealings with foreign companies and nations in international business and trade. These are daunting problems but while MNCs focus their efforts on short-term technical solutions, only a long-term approach focusing on legal and political reform can provide a lasting solution.
Freedom and Global Anthropology

Whatever methodological title one gives to Ricoeur’s major work, it is basically a treatise on the philosophy of the will. It should not be regarded as unusual therefore if one discovers within that discussion a phenomenological treatment of the traditional themes which have dominated discussion of the will since Saint Paul, and from the perspective of The Symbolism of Evil, before that time in terms of the central role of those themes, particularly in western religious symbolism and mythology. There is a dialectical interplay of freedom and bondage, ideal possibility and actual limitation, fault and transcendence, freedom and evil, which create the foundation for the development of the basic themes. The fact that traditional themes predominate does not mean that Ricoeur’s discussion and presentation of the philosophy of the will is in any sense a traditional presentation. Ricoeur has attempted to bring that discussion into the context of the phenomenological method by specifying man’s fundamental possibilities under the rubric of the “will” primarily through the eidetic delineation of the structures of voluntary and involuntary, the existential specification of fallibility, and the hermeneutic elaboration of actual fault. The reason for Ricoeur’s choice of the subject “will” reveals his ties with contemporary French phenomenology.
Technology for Education in Low-Income Countries: Supporting the UN Sustainable Development Goals

Information and communications technologies (ICTs) are increasingly available, even in developing countries, leading to a number of pressing questions. Will ICTs for education (ICT4E) improve learning and educational quality? Might they increase the ‘digital divide’ with negative consequences for equity? What can ICT4E offer to help assist in the achievement of the new UN Sustainable Development Goals? The present review addresses these questions and uses of ICT4E in developing countries. First, a short overview is provided of how ICT4E intersects with the learning outcomes and the quality of education, including contemporary perceptions of what does and does not work in ICT4E. Second, an ICT4E framework is suggested as a way to reconceptualize the parameters currently in use that will lead to more effective ICT4E design solutions. Third, ICT projects in four key education subsectors – early childhood, basic as well as secondary education, and teacher education – help to disaggregate where and how interventions have been made in recent years. Finally, a set of investment domains in ICT4E is described, along with a set of specific suggestions to advance the field. The paper concludes with the suggestion that measurable, sustainable, and scalable design solutions in ICT4E are the best way to assist in achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goals.
Harnessing Spatial Thinking to Support Stem Learning

Spatial intelligence concerns the locations of objects, their shapes, their relations, and the paths they take as they move. Recognition of spatial skills enriches the traditional educational focus on developing literacy and numerical skills to include a cognitive domain particularly relevant to achievement in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). This report reviews research showing that (a) spatial thinking and STEM learning are related, and (b) spatial thinking is malleable. It evaluates two strategies for exploiting these findings in education. Strategy 1 involves direct training of spatial skills. Strategy 2 involves spatialising the curriculum, using tools suited to spatial thinking including spatial language, maps, diagrams, graphs, analogical comparison, physical activity that instantiates scientific or mathematical principles, gesture and sketching. Existing data support including spatial thinking and tools in designing curricula, training teachers and developing assessments. At the same time research continues to evaluate the effectiveness of the efforts and explore mechanisms.
A Compiler Technique for Processor-Wide Protection From Soft Errors in Multithreaded Environments

Aggressive transistor scaling down and near-threshold computing have rendered modern microprocessor susceptible to soft errors. Software approaches that protect computations against soft errors are desirable because they offer flexible protection and are suitable for mixed-critical systems. In particular, fine-grain instruction duplication based techniques are deemed to be most effective; however, many of the existing instruction duplication techniques either suffer from many vulnerable intervals or are not suitable for multithreaded environments. In this paper, we present multithreded near zero silent data corruption (MZDC), a software scheme which provides high-level processor-wide error coverage in multithreaded environments. MZDC duplicates all programs' instructions and uses diagnosis block after replicated memory operations to overcome the inconsistency issue in a multithread environment. Statistical fault injection experiments on a dual-core ARM cortex-A53 $\mu$ architecturally simulated microprocessor show that on average, MZDC can achieve more than 37 $\times$ better fault coverage than the state-of-the-art.
A high-efficiency high-power-density 1MHz LLC converter with GaN devices and integrated transformer

This paper presents a design of a high-efficiency LLC converter with power density >140W/in3. Gallium Nitride (GaN) FETs are adopted in this design to minimize the required transformer size for 1MHz operation. To further reduce the magnetic losses and size, a new integrated transformer is proposed in this paper. The proposed integrated transformer uses “∞” winding structure to reduce the required magnetic effect area. Synchronous rectifier (SR) FETs and output capacitors are integrated with output windings in order to minimize the AC termination losses. The parasitic effect for high frequency LLC converter design is also analyzed in details. An unregulated 1kW LLC resonant converter prototype is designed and tested with a peak efficiency of 97.6%.
Compliance with anti-human trafficking policies: the mediating effect of corruption

Human Trafficking is an atrocious crime that represents a gross assault on human rights and the United Nations states that it is among the fast growing types of criminal activity. Recognizing the need for counteractive measures, in 2000, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Convention against Transnational Organized Crime and its Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children (Protocol). Using measures of country compliance with the Protocol, past research offers empirical evidence that corruption is a primary deterrent to compliance. Further, previous field studies and surveys suggest that a greater share of women in government should positively contribute to country compliance; however, this result is largely not borne out in empirical studies. It is hypothesized that the effect of the share of women in government on compliance is fully mediated by corruption, indicating that there is an indirect effect of women in government on compliance, rather than a direct effect. This hypothesis is empirically tested using a mediation model and the results indicate that the indirect effect is statistically significant. The empirical results presented suggest that a greater percentage of women in government reduces country corruption, which in turn increases country compliance with the Protocol. The policy implications of these findings are discussed and include suggestions to enhance female participation in government.
The Philadelphia Chromosome and Galactose-1-Phosphate Uridyl Transferase

Because galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase has been reported to be elevated in the blood of patients with mongolism (21 trisomy), assay of this enzyme in the erythrocytes and leukocytes was performed in patients with the Philadelphia chromosome. Twenty normal individuals and 16 patients with the Ph1 chromosome were studied; 15 of the latter had chronic myelogenous leukemia and 1 had an unusual myeloproliferative disorder. The mean leukocyte enzyme level in the Ph1 group was not different from that in the normal group. The mean erythrocyte enzyme level in the Ph1 group was higher than that in the normal group; this difference might have been due to a younger population of red cells in the Ph1 patients. To interpret the results, three postulates are presented. First, the relationship between chromosome 21 and this enzyme activity may be obscured by other controlling factors. Second, the long arm of this chromosome may play no role in transferase activity. Third, there may be no reduction of genetic material in a Ph1 karyotype.
Regulating Genes for Metamorphosis: Concepts and Results

The transformation of a drab caterpillar into a spectacular butterfly has fascinated mankind for millennia. That metamorphosis is regulated by only two classes of hormones, ecdysteroids and juvenoids, should excite the interest of biologists jaded by the complexity of embryonic development. While ecdysteroids drive a molt, it is the juvenoids that control the nature of the molt. In their absence metamorphosis ensues, in their presence the molt results in continuance of the “status quo”, with the insect forming a new instar similar to the previous one.
Intra- and interobserver reliability of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score system for instability in spine metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Mechanical instability is one of the two main indications for surgical intervention in patients with metastatic spine disease. Since its publication in 2010, the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) has been the most commonly used means of assessing mechanical instability. To prove clinically valuable though, diagnostic tests must demonstrate consistency across measures and across observers. Here we report a systematic review and meta-analysis of all prior reports of intraobserver and interobserver reliability of the SINS score. To identify articles, we queried the PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for all full-text English articles reporting interobserver or intraobserver reliability for the SINS score, category, or a domain of the SINS score. Articles reporting confidence intervals for these metrics were then subjected to meta-analysis to identify pooled estimates of reliability. Of 167 unique studies identified, seven met inclusion criteria and were subjected to qualitative review and meta-analysis. Intraobserver reliability for SINS score was found to be near perfect [estimate =0.815; 90% CI (0.661–0.969)] and interobserver reliability was substantial [0.673; (0.227–1.12)]. Intraobserver and interobserver reliability among spine surgeons was significantly better than reliability across all observers (both P<0.0001). Qualitative analysis suggested that increased surgeon experience may be associated with greater intraobserver and interobserver reliability among spine surgeons. On the whole, meta-analysis of the available literature suggests SINS to have good intraobserver and interobserver reliability, giving it the potential to be a valuable guide to the management of patients with spinal metastases. Further research is required to demonstrate that SINS score correlates with the clinical decision to stabilize.
Robot-assisted stereoelectroencephalography in children

OBJECTIVEThe goal in the study was to describe the clinical outcomes associated with robot-assisted stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) in children.METHODSThe authors performed a retrospective, single-center study in consecutive children with medically refractory epilepsy who were undergoing robot-assisted SEEG. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to calculate the probability of seizure freedom. Both univariate and multivariate methods were used to analyze the preoperative and operative factors associated with seizure freedom.RESULTSFifty-seven children underwent a total of 64 robot-assisted procedures. The patients' mean age was 12 years, an average of 6.4 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) per patient had failed prior to implantation, and in 56% of the patients the disease was considered nonlesional. On average, children had 12.4 electrodes placed per implantation, with an implantation time of 9.6 minutes per electrode and a 10-day postoperative stay. SEEG analysis yielded a definable epileptogenic zone in 51 (89%) patients; 42 (74%) patients underwent surgery, half of whom were seizure free at last follow-up, 19.6 months from resection. In a multivariate generalized linear model, resective surgery, older age, and shorter SEEG-related hospital length of stay were associated with seizure freedom. In a Cox proportional hazards model including only the children who underwent resective surgery, older age was the only significant factor associated with seizure freedom. Complications related to bleeding were the major contributors to morbidity. One patient (1.5%) had a symptomatic hemorrhage resulting in a permanent neurological deficit.CONCLUSIONSThe authors report one of the largest pediatric-specific SEEG series demonstrating that the modern surgical management of medically refractory epilepsy in children can lead to seizure freedom in many patients, while also highlighting the challenges posed by this difficult patient population.
Patient equity and respiratory syncytial virus Immunoprophylaxis

An analysis of benefit and cost is critical for independent advisory groups that provide evidence-based recommendations. In many countries, the role of RSV immunoprophylaxis for infants at increased risk of hospitalization is controversial because of limited benefit and high cost. The report by Ginsberg and co-workers provides evidence, that in Israel, despite the potential benefit of palivizumab prophylaxis in reducing a small number of RSV hospitalizations but no evidence of long-term benefit, the cost is difficult to justify. Ideally, a safe and effective RSV vaccine or more effective and less expensive monoclonal antibody soon will become available.
Goals and Design

To assess medical therapy in gastric ulcer, 16 Veterans Administration hospitals participated in a prospective cooperative study over a 7½-year period. The main items of study were healing rate, recurrence, and early and late incidence of malignancy, and the effect on these of factors such as age and site and size of ulcer. All eligible male veterans with radiological demonstration of a gastric ulcer that did not appear malignant were admitted to the study, providing that gastric acid was present and that malignancy was not evident on cytological or endoscopic studies. A standard intensive hospital program was pursued, and repeat X-ray examinations were made at 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Healing was said to be satisfactory if the ulcer healed 50, 90, and 100% at these times, respectively. If healing was less than satisfactory, the patient was randomized to either surgery or continuation of medical treatment until the next X-ray date or 12 weeks. After healing or surgery, patients were followed with periodic X-rays for 2 years for evidence of recurrence or malignancy. Patients with one recurrence were eligible for readmission to the study. A second recurrence was regarded as an indication for surgery.
Large-area borophene sheets on sacrificial Cu(111) films promoted by recrystallization from subsurface boron

Borophene, an atomically thin covalently bonded boron sheet, has attracted great attention as a novel quantum material because of its structural tunability and potential utilization in flexible and transparent electronics. So far, borophene has been synthesized on silver or copper single crystals, but these substrates are small, very expensive, and unsuitable for study of transport properties or electronics applications. Here, we report synthesis of borophene on nanometer-scale thick Cu(111) films grown on sapphire. We have developed a process of enlarging faceted borophene islands, by repeated submersion of boron into copper at high temperature and resurfacing and re-crystallization at lower temperature. This discovery was enabled by real-time feedback from low-energy electron microscopy and diffraction. We demonstrate synthesis of borophene as faceted micrometer-size monocrystal islands or as full-monolayer sheets. The process is scalable to wafer size; moreover, Cu films could be sacrificed and sapphire reused. Our work opens the door for new experiments and brings applications one step closer.
Diel Profile of Hydroperoxymethyl Thioformate: Evidence for Surface Deposition and Multiphase Chemistry

Dimethyl sulfide (DMS; CH3SCH3), a biogenically produced trace gas emitted from the ocean, accounts for a large fraction of natural sulfur released to the marine atmosphere. The oxidation of DMS in the marine boundary layer (MBL), via the hydrogen abstraction pathway, yields the short-lived methylthiomethylperoxy radical (MSP; CH3SCH2OO). In the remote MBL, unimolecular isomerization of MSP outpaces bimolecular chemistry leading to the efficient formation of hydroperoxymethyl thioformate (HPMTF; HOOCH2SCHO). Here, we report the first ground observations and diurnal profiles of HPMTF mixing ratios, vertical fluxes, and deposition velocities to the ocean surface. Average daytime HPMTF mixing ratios, fluxes, and deposition velocities were recorded at 12.1 pptv, -0.11 pptv m s-1, and 0.75 cm s-1, respectively. The deposition velocity of HPMTF is comparable to other soluble gas phase compounds (e.g., HCOOH and HNO3), resulting in a deposition lifetime of 30 h under typical windspeeds (3 m s-1). A box model analysis incorporating the current mechanistic understanding of DMS oxidation chemistry and geostationary satellite cloud imagery data suggests that the lifetime of HPMTF in the MBL at this sampling location is likely controlled by heterogeneous loss to aerosol and uptake to clouds in the morning and evening.
Usability and task load comparison between a robotic assisted transfer device and a mechanical floor lift during caregiver assisted transfers on a care recipient.

The RATD represents a novel methodology to reduce strain, manoeuvring, and cognitive load a caregiver experiences when conducting transfers on a mannequin. However, caregivers who used this new tec...
Approximating the distributions of econometric estimators and test statistics

Computer technology presents economists with new tools, but also raises novel methodological issues. This essay discusses the challenges faced by computational researchers, and proposes some solutions.
Does Section 16(B) Deter Insider Trading by Target Managers

Author's description of his article: This paper empirically examines whether the short swing trading rule (Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act) deters managers from trading before merger announcements. This rule bars insiders from profiting on round-trip trades completed within a six month period. Insiders can generally escape the short-swing rule by selling six months and a day after purchase. However, a merger forces the sale of all the outstanding common stock of the target firm, preventing insider purchases within six months before the merger from escaping this rule. We analyze the trading behavior of top managers of takeover targets around the announcement of a bid. In order to disentangle the effect of this rule from the deterrent effect of the more punitive Rule 10(b)(5), we examine the time period from 1941 to 1961, an era when the latter rule was not enforced. We find that managers of target firms reduce their purchases before the merger announcement below their normal level of purchases and relative to a control sample of non-target firms. This evidence is consistent with a deterrent effect of Section 16(b). We find that managers reduce their purchases before the merger completion only in the 1941-55 period. Surprisingly, managers do not reduce their sales before the announcement, even though Section 16(b) cannot punish deferral of planned sales.
Species-Specific Relationships between DNA and Chromatin Properties of CpG Islands in Embryonic Stem Cells and Differentiated Cells

CpG islands often exhibit low DNA methylation, high histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation, low nucleosome density, and high DNase I hypersensitivity, yet the rules by which CpG islands are sensed remain poorly understood. In this study, we first evaluated the relationships between the DNA and the chromatin properties of CpG islands in embryonic stem cells using modified bacterial artificial chromosomes. Then, using a bioinformatic approach, we identified strict CpG-island density and length thresholds in mouse embryonic stem and differentiated cells that consistently specify low DNA methylation levels. Surprisingly, the human genome exhibited a dramatically different relationship between DNA properties and DNA methylation levels of CpG islands. Further analysis allowed speculation that this difference is accommodated in part by evolutionary changes in the nucleotide composition of orthologous promoters. Thus, a change in the rules by which CpG-island properties are sensed may have co-evolved with compensatory genome adaptation events during mammalian evolution.
Education: An Excellent Opportunity to Respect, Maintain and Promote Indigenous Children’s Cultural and Linguistic Richness

Education can provide the opportunity to affirm indigenous children’s cultural and linguistic identity by using their funds of knowledge as an essential tool in the teaching and learning process. This paper emphasizes the importance of using indigenous children’s voices, knowledge, and wisdom to continue to develop their talents and capacities to share, learn, inquire, analyze, and create. To do so, indigenous children should be given the opportunity to participate in meaningful activities that allow them to utilize their native language and culture which can be done through bilingual discussions, debates, artistic works, creation of poems, singing of songs, games and group activities related to their own indigenous culture while using both their native and second languages. Also, critical thinking skills can be developed through the use of this type of activities that can be artistic and also promote collaborative work since bringing the community together is fundamental in the indigenous cosmovision. In addition, the techniques that are suggested in this piece can help create a peaceful/harmonious environment in the classroom where students’ affective filters are open to welcome and practice the target language since enriching interactions that embrace diversity in all its dimensions are promoted. Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to share some ideas to make the teaching and learning process more meaningful, respectful, harmonious, and enjoyable through artistic activities that promote indigenous children’s own language, culture and cosmovision. The ideas that will be discussed in this piece are based on a qualitative research study conducted at a Spanish-Indigenous Tsotsil bilingual school in Chiapas, Mexico.
A Novel Process for Manufacturing Copper with Size-controlled In-situ Tungsten Nanoparticles by Casting

Abstract In this study, a novel molten-salt-assisted in-situ synthesis method was developed to cast copper (Cu) containing uniformly distributed tungsten (W) nanoparticles using tungsten oxide (WO3) microparticles as the precursor. With WO3 microparticles dissolved by molten KAlF4 and reduced by molten aluminum (Al), W nanoparticles were formed in the Cu matrix and their sizes were significantly reduced compared to the ex-situ incorporation method. The size of W nanoparticles was controlled by the synthesis parameters, which was studied theoretically and experimentally. An average size of the W nanoparticles as small as 132.7 nm in the Cu matrix can be achieved by controlling WO3 concentration in molten salt and synthesis time. The in-situ Cu/W nanocomposites exhibit enhanced mechanical properties due to the effective nanoparticle size control. For in-situ Cu/5.6 vol.% W, it exhibits a Young’s modulus of 137.2 GPa and a microhardness of 100.9 HV, 20.4 % and 50.6 % higher than Cu respectively. This work paves a new way to fabricate metals reinforced by uniformly distributed size-controlled nanoparticles through regular casting for widespread applications.
Abstract A41: Nucleotide metabolism heterogeneity in mutant KRAS pancreatic cancer

Mutant KRAS orchestrates major metabolic adaptations critical for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth and survival, including changes in glucose, amino acid, lipid and energy metabolism. However, how nucleotide metabolism in PDAC is impacted by mutant KRAS has received much less attention, even though nucleotides play critical roles in major biologic processes including nucleic acid synthesis, phospholipid biosynthesis and protein glycosylation. Pyrimidine nucleotide metabolism is a highly complex and regulated system with multiple pathways contributing to its plasticity and robustness. Pyrimidine nucleotides can be produced via the de novo pathway (DNP) that utilizes glucose and amino acids, and the nucleoside scavenging pathway (NSP) that utilizes extracellular uridine and cytidine. We hypothesize that nucleotide products of RNA turnover can fuel a third route for pyrimidine biosynthesis, which we term the nucleotide recycling pathway (NRP). Among these three major pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic pathways, the DNP has been studied most extensively. The biologic and therapeutic significance of the NSP and NRP in PDAC, as well as their regulation and coordination with DNP in the context of mutant KRAS signaling, are poorly understood. We further hypothesize that since PDAC tumor microenvironment is characterized by insufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen, these tumors have limited DNP capacity and increased reliance on alternate pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Here, we describe a novel mass spectrometric (MS) method to measure the contributions of pyrimidine nucleotide convergent pathways to RNA and DNA synthesis in PDAC models. Applying this method to a panel of PDAC models, including patient-derived primary lines, revealed previously unappreciated pyrimidine biosynthetic heterogeneity, suggesting the existence of distinct pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic subtypes. Identifying and characterizing these subtypes in the context of oncogenic KRAS signaling may enable stratification of PDAC tumors and guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Citation Format: Thuc M. Le, Woosuk Kim, Joseph R. Capri, Anthony E. Cabebe, Wes Armstrong, Evan Abt, Soumya Poddar, Shili Xu, Dave Dawson, Timothy R. Donahue, Caius G. Radu. Nucleotide metabolism heterogeneity in mutant KRAS pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr A41.
Populism as a Cultural Virus

The concept of viral rhetoric points to two opposing ideas: one notion is that the metaphor of the virus is being used to blur the distinctions among culture, biology, psychology, and technology, and the other notion is that we can critique this collapsing of difference through an understanding of a psychoanalytic model of rhetoric. This chapter discusses Ernesto Laclau’s On Populist Reason as he extends Freud’s work through a focus on the rhetorical nature of political ideologies. In fact, Laclau presents an extensive analysis of the rhetorical theory of the contagion, and part of the strength of his perspective derives from his elimination of biological determinism from this concept.
A Directionally Varying Change Points Model for Quantifying the Impact of a Point Source

Point sources in spatially referenced data can impact outcomes in surrounding locations (e.g., a factory that emits air pollution). Previous statistical methods have sought to describe the non-stationary correlation induced by the presence of a point source, with fewer attempting to quantify its overall impact. We introduce directionally varying change points (DVCP), a model that aims to estimate the magnitude of the impact of a point source as well as its range of influence across the spatial domain. DVCP allows for a unique change point parameter, describing the range of influence of a point source, at every angle extending from the source and uses a Gaussian process with directionally defined correlation function to facilitate estimation of the parameters. The Gaussian predictive process approximation is used for fitting the model to large datasets. Through simulation, we show that DVCP can easily accommodate a wide range of shapes defining the range of influence. We apply DVCP to better understand spatial patterns of ambient PM $$_{2.5}$$ concentrations and issues related to environmental inequity in California and Colorado. The method is available in the R package DVCP. Supplementary materials accompanying this paper appear online.
Exercise 3: Blood Cell Preparation, Leukocyte Differentiation and ABO Blood Typing

In this experiment, you will become familiar with the serologic technique of hemagglutination, and leukocyte differential analysis. We will use the method of ABO blood typing to demonstrate the technique of hemagglutination. The ABO group of antigens is important in blood transfusions in which the infusion of red cells carrying A or B antigens into a person with natural anti-A or anti-B antibodies (agglutinins) may result in a life-threatening transfusion reaction.
Association of 3 CDC opioid prescription guidelines for chronic pain and 2 payer pharmacy coverage changes on opioid initiation practices

BACKGROUND: Due to the US opioid epidemic, in March of 2016, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published new guidelines for primary care providers on opioid prescribing for chron...
Defining Jewish Difference: From Antiquity to the Present

1. Introduction: law, identity, and Leviticus 18:3 2. The question of Israelite distinctiveness: paradigms of separatism in Leviticus 18:3 3. Allegory and ambiguity: Jewish identity in Philo's De Congressu 4. A narrative of neighbors: rethinking universalism and particularism in patristic and rabbinic writings 5. The limits of 'their laws' in midrash halakhah 6. A short history of the people of Israel from the patriarchs to the Messiah: constructions of Jewish difference in Leviticus rabbah 7. Syncretism and anti-syncretism in the Babylonian Talmud 8. The judaization of reason: the Tosafists, Nissim Gerondi, and Joseph Colon 9. Women's wear and men's suits: Ovadiah Yosef's and Moshe Feinstein's discourses of Jewishness 10. Conclusion: an 'upside-down people'?
Standing for Nonhuman Animals: Developing a Guardianship Model from the Dissents in Sierra Club v. Morton

Until the late 1 970s, wild goats flourished on California's San Clemente Island, a military enclave under the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States Navy.' The Navy forbade public access to the island, one third of which was also home to various endangered and threatened species of flora and fauna.2 Believing that the goats' presence could compromise the island's fragile biodiversity, the Navy authorized the aerial eradication3 of the entire population.4 Public outrage erupted and in 1979, the Navy agreed to cease destruction of the goat population and permit a non-profit organization, Fund for Animals, to commence a more compassionate approach: capture and evacuation.5 By 1983, however, the Navy had resumed efforts to eliminate the goats via aerial eradication and a frustrated Fund for Animals had withdrawn from the dispute.6 Animal Lovers Volunteer Association (ALVA) assumed the helm and sought an injunction in the United States District Court for the Central District of California to halt the aerial eradication. ALVA alleged that the Navy violated the National Environmental Policy Act