cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of "Dirty" Information on Disgust Responding to an Unknown Animal in Children: The Moderating Role of Maternal Disgust Proneness.

Abstract Although research has shown that disgust facilitates avoidance of small animals among adults, much less is known about disgust appraisals of small animals in children as well as the predictors of such appraisals. To address this gap, children (ages 5–13) were exposed to dirt-related and cleanliness-related information about unknown animals. The extent to which these types of information influenced children's feelings of fear, disgust, positivity, and avoidance behavior in relation to the animals was examined. The present study then examined the extent to which child and maternal disgust proneness predicted feelings of disgust to the ‘dirty’ animal. The findings show that providing dirt-related information resulted in a significant increase in disgust, but not fear, responding to the animal. Dirt-related information also resulted in a significant decrease in positive feelings toward the animal. Conversely, providing cleanliness-related information resulted in a significant decrease in disgust, but not fear, responding to the animal. In addition, providing cleanliness-related information resulted in a significant increase in positive feelings toward the animal. Children also engage in more avoidance of the animal described as dirty compared to the animal described as clean. In addition, subsequent analysis revealed an interaction between child and maternal disgust propensity in predicting learned disgust to the dirty animal such that the highest levels of feelings of disgust to the dirty animal were observed among children with high disgust proneness who also have mothers with high disgust proneness. The implications of these findings for conceptualizing the role of disgust in animal phobias among youth will be discussed.
Localization in Autonomous Vehicles Using a Generalized Inner Product

Fine localization in autonomous driving platforms is a task of broad interest, receiving much attention in recent years. Some localization algorithms use the Euclidean distance as a similarity measure between the local image acquired by a camera and a global map, which acts as side information. The global map is typically expressed in terms of the coordinate system of the road plane. Yet, a road image captured by a camera is subject to distortion in that nearby features on the road have much larger footprints on the focal plane of the camera compared with those of equally-sized features that lie farther ahead of the vehicle. Using commodity computational tools, it is straightforward to execute a transformation and, thereby, bring the distorted image into the frame of reference of the global map. However, this nonlinear transformation results in unequal noise amplification. The noise profile induced by this transformation should be accounted for when trying to match an acquired image to a global map, with more reliable regions being given more weight in the process. This physical reality presents an algorithmic opportunity to improve existing localization algorithms, especially in harsh conditions. This article reviews the physics of road feature acquisition through a camera, and it proposes an improved matching method rooted in statistical analysis. Findings are supported by numerical simulations.
Comparative recovery of Listeria spp. From dairy environmental surfaces using 3M™ and World Bioproducts© environmental swabs with standard enrichment and enumeration methods

Abstract Preventing Listeria contamination of artisan cheeses requires routine and effective environmental monitoring of product contact surfaces within the production environment. Consideration of the efficacy of environmental monitoring methods is essential when testing for the presence of Listeria spp. within the processing environment as a way to control the risk of cheese contamination. Four environmental surfaces (dairy brick, stainless steel, plastic, and wood; n = 27/surface type at high concentrations; n = 405/surface type at low concentrations) were inoculated with L. innocua (expressing Green Fluorescent Protein), L. monocytogenes. (L.m.), ATTC® 19115 and L.m. 1042B, at high (106–107 CFU/cm2) and low (0.01–1 CFU/cm2) target concentrations. Inoculated surfaces were swabbed with World Bioproducts© EZ Reach™ environmental swabs with HiCap (WBHC) and Dey-Engley (WBDE) neutralizing broths, and 3M™ environmental swabs (3M™) with Dey-Engley neutralizing broth. 3M™ Listeria Environmental Plate and Aerobic Plate Count Petrifilm™ enumeration methods and FDA, modified FDA, MOPS-BLEB, and modified USDA enrichment methods were used to compare sensitivity of recovery between environmental swabs. When applied at low concentrations, 3M™, WBDE, and WBHC swabs recovered Listeria spp. from 90.9%, 88.4% and 83.2% of plastic, stainless steel, and dairy brick surfaces, respectively, but only 65.7% of wooden surfaces; recovering 14.8%, 77%, and 96.3% at 0.01, 0.1, and 1 CFU/cm2, respectively (p
Urban Fertilizer Ordinances in the Context of Environmental Horticulture and Water Quality Extension Programs: Frequently Asked Questions

Excess nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in water bodies are a leading cause of water quality degradation statewide. More than 50 Florida counties and municipalities now have formal fertilizer ordinances, which in some cases include fertilizer blackouts, or bans on the usage of N and P fertilizers during certain times of the year. This 8-page document provides information on the underlying issues of fertilizer use, with an emphasis on an urban setting, and outlines the current state of the science on urban fertilizers and water quality in Florida. Written by Michael D. Dukes, Lisa Krimsky, Mary Lusk, Laurie Trenholm, Bryan Unruh, Michelle Atkinson, and Rao Mylavarapu, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, February 2020. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ae534
GAS ABSORPTION DETECTED FROM THE EDGE-ON DEBRIS DISK SURROUNDING HD 32297

Near-infrared and optical images of HD 32297 indicate that it has an edge-on debris disk, similar to b Pic. I present high-resolution optical spectra of the Na i doublet toward HD 32297 and stars in close angular proximity. A circumstellar absorption component is clearly observed toward HD 32297 at the stellar radial velocity, which is not observed toward any of its neighbors, including the nearest only 0.9! away. An interstellar component is detected in all stars 190 pc, including HD 32297, likely due to the interstellar material at the boundary of the Local Bubble. Radial velocity measurements of the nearest neighbors, BD ! 07 777s and BD ! 07 778, indicate that they are unlikely to be physically associated with HD 32297. The measured circumstellar column density around HD 32997, , is the strongest Na i absorption measured toward any nearby main-sequence log N ! 11.4 Na i debris disk, even the prototypical edge-on debris disk b Pic. Assuming that the morphology and abundances of the gas component around HD 32297 are similar to b Pic, I estimate an upper limit to the gas mass in the circumstellar disk surrounding HD 32297 of ! 0.3 . M! Subject headings: circumstellar matter— ISM: structure— line: profiles— planetary systems: protoplanetary disks—stars: early-type— stars: individual (HD 32297)
Crystal structure of a far-red–sensing cyanobacteriochrome reveals an atypical bilin conformation and spectral tuning mechanism

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are small, linear tetrapyrrole (bilin)-binding photoreceptors in the phytochrome superfamily that regulate diverse light-mediated adaptive processes in cyanobacteria. More spectrally diverse than canonical red/far-red-sensing phytochromes, CBCRs were thought to be restricted to sensing visible and near UV light until recently when several subfamilies with far-red-sensing representatives (frCBCRs) were discovered. Two of these frCBCRs subfamilies have been shown to incorporate bilin precursors with larger pi-conjugated chromophores, while the third frCBCR subfamily uses the same phycocyanobilin precursor found in the bulk of the known CBCRs. To elucidate the molecular basis of far-red light perception by this third frCBCR subfamily, we determined the crystal structure of the far-red-absorbing dark state of one such frCBCR Anacy_2551g3 from Anabaena cylindrica PCC 7122 which exhibits a reversible far-red/orange photocycle. Determined by room temperature serial crystallography and cryocrystallography, the refined 2.7-A structure reveals an unusual all-Z,syn configuration of the phycocyanobilin (PCB) chromophore that is considerably less extended than those of previously characterized red-light sensors in the phytochrome superfamily. Based on structural and spectroscopic comparisons with other bilin-binding proteins together with site-directed mutagenesis data, our studies reveal protein-chromophore interactions that are critical for the atypical bathochromic shift. Based on these analyses, we propose that far-red absorption in Anacy_2551g3 is the result of the additive effect of two distinct red-shift mechanisms involving cationic bilin lactim tautomers stabilized by a constrained all-Z,syn conformation and specific interactions with a highly conserved anionic residue.
Cross-National Comparisons between Canadian and US Higher Education Students on a New, Brief, Multidimensional Measure of Test Anxiety:

Cross-cultural equivalence, country and gender differences, and external relations with other measures were examined on a new, brief measure of test anxiety, the Test Anxiety Measure for College St...
Gender Parity Thwarted? The Effect of Electoral Reform on Senate and European Parliament Elections in France, 1999-2008

This research examines the effect of recent electoral reform on gender parity in French electoral politics - specifically, the increase in the number of two-round plurality (TRP) districts for the Senate and the change from nationwide to regional districts for elections to the European Parliament. Analysis of the 2001, 2004 and 2008 Senate elections suggests that the plurality method resulted in fewer women being elected to office, as compared to those Senate districts that used a closed-list proportional method (CPR), especially as more Senate districts used the plurality method after the 2003 Raffarin reforms. Examining the 2004 and 2009 European Parliament elections, we find that the change to eight regional districts had an adverse effect on the election of female MEPs, primarily because fewer women headed the regional party lists. Party proliferation in both the 2004 and 2008 Senate elections also served to reduce the number of women elected in these races.
Mitigating Cascading Failure in Large-scale Power Systems based on Soft Isolation

In order to mitigate the propagation of inter-area cascading failures, this paper proposed a novel soft isolation method. Based on the recently developed Interaction Graph (IG) approach, a novel KICs-based OPF model, which considered the status of KICs, is proposed to realizing soft isolation. By intentionally limiting the disturbance on the tie lines between sub-grids, the proposed soft isolation control strategy can significantly mitigate the propagation of inter-area cascading failures and give special protection of the main grid. The Numerical results verified the efficiency of the proposed method.
The Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases: Legal, Economic, and Institutional Perspective

The social cost of greenhouse gases provides the best available method to quantify and monetize the climate damages attributable to the emission of an incremental unit of heat-trapping pollution. Accordingly, the metric can be highly useful for crafting policies that will reduce the nation’s greenhouse gas footprint, with potential usages including weighing the impacts of proposed fossil-fuel projects, assessing grant applications and procurement decisions that have climate impacts, and crafting fee schedules for monetary rates that will internalize the cost of climate damages onto polluters. To date, however, the use of the social cost of greenhouse gases for such determinations and processes has been sporadic and fairly limited. It is time for this practice to change, as broad application of the social cost of greenhouse gases will enable agencies and departments to identify programs or policies that cost-effectively reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thus enable a speedy and efficient transition to a greener economy. Because widespread use of the social cost of greenhouse gases would lend support to many decisions to transition away from fossil fuels, the methodology has become subject to criticism from opponents of climate reforms. While critics attempt to discredit the federal government’s social cost of greenhouse gases valuations—arguing that these values overestimate climate costs, disregard best practices, and even usurp the legislative function from Congress—such criticisms lack merit and should not deter agencies from broadly applying the social cost of greenhouse gases. This Article evaluates the various legal, economic, and institutional controversies surrounding the social cost of greenhouse gases, and explains why this metric should play a critical role in guiding agency policymaking and decision-making related to climate change.
The Role of Parental Education in Financial Socialization of Children

Drawing on Annette Lareau’s conceptual framework of concerted cultivation versus accomplishment of natural growth this qualitative study examines the impact of parental practices on children’s exposure to financial topics and offers insight into how parents socialize their children on financial matters. Lareau’s model suggests that middle- and upper-class families tend to provide more opportunities for their children to socialize with institutions than working class families, thus, better preparing children to navigate, interact, and thrive in complex social systems as adults. Though the study’s findings don’t precisely align with Lareau’s theory, they suggest that mothers’ education level plays a role in financial socialization of children.
Overview of the Spinal Cord Injury-Functional Index (SCI-FI): Structure and Recent Advances.

Abstract The Spinal Cord Injury – Functional Index is a system of patient reported outcomes (PRO) measures of functional activities developed specifically with and for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). The SCI-FI was designed to overcome limitations in measurement of the full range of activities and breadth of content of physical functioning commonly used in SCI research. Generic measurement tools of physical function (i.e., those focused on the general population) tend to overemphasize mobility and do not contain enough items at the lower end of the functional range (e.g., appropriate for individuals with tetraplegia). The SCI-FI consists of nine item response theory (IRT)-calibrated item banks that represent relevant and meaningful item content for individuals with SCI, span a wide range of functional abilities, and subdivide physical functioning into important subdomains, including basic mobility, self-care, and fine motor function. Since the original publication of the SCI-FI in 2012, there have been significant advances in and publications on the reliability and psychometric properties of the measures. The manuscripts presented in this special section clarify the SCI-FI structure and present new research on the SCI-FI measurement system.
The Evolving Role of Physicians in a Reformed American Health Care System

Thank you for your kind introduction. I am going to make one factual correction which should be of interest to everybody. Technically I am the longest serving governor in history of the State of Vermont. The reason I am the second longest serving governor in Vermont’s history is because Vermont was an independent republic from 1777– 1791. The only person who served longer than I did was a governor named Thomas Chittenden, who served eight one-year terms as governor of the Republic of Vermont and nine one-year terms as governor of the State of Vermont. I thought I would share a little arcane Vermont history before I started this off. But this is a real honor and I thank you for the opportunity. I am so excited (a) that you have a new medical school, and (b) that you have a practicing internist as the dean of the new medical school, for those of us who are not academic physicians—and I was not an academic physician. I had a practice in Shelburne, Vermont about nine miles south of Burlington. I think this conference is incredibly important and auspiciously timed for the crisis that we face in terms of what is happening now in American medicine. I was asked to talk about the role of physicians in health care reform, and to do that I am going to try to confine my remarks to thirty minutes. For those of you who want to eat, feel free to do it. I was once at a political dinner in Essex County, New Jersey and I am used to people making a lot of noise and no matter how much you clank your forks you could not possibly make as much noise as the guys who were slapping each other on the back and drinking
Analyze Cost-Efficient System for Small UAS Tracking Using Agent-Based Modeling

Abstract Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) for recreational use, which are low-cost and easy-to-use, have begun to gain popularity recently. Flying those UAS in public areas, however, increases threats in terms of safety of people. To prevent people from such threats, we consider a design, modeling, and evaluation of a cost-efficient sensor system in order to detect and track UAS. In this research, we focus on discovering best configurations of deploying different types of sensors in a designated area, which provides reasonable detection rates and lowest costs as well. We set a condition that crowded areas should be covered more than other areas. Two types of sensors are considered to be deployed in the designated area to detect small UAS. Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) helps us analyze such configurations depending on the types and the number of radars in terms of cost-efficiency. The result of ABM simulation shows a list of candidate configurations that can be referred for the real deployment.
CHAPTER 16 – Scatter Correction for Brain Receptor Quantitation in 3D PET

This chapter investigates the performance of the two correction algorithms when applied to scatter from activity outside the field of view. Two studies with the Utah phantom have been presented in the chapter: In the first, the entire water-filled phantom contains uniform activity with the exception of the short cylinder, which contains only water, and a chamber, which is empty. The fraction of scattered events in the image can then be estimated from the mean value in a region of interest placed on the short (cold) cylinder expressed as a fraction of the activity in the inner cylinder. In the second study, the annulus contains approximately four times the activity in the inner cylinder to simulate increased cortical uptake. In addition, the long cylinder contains twice the background activity to simulate uptake in subcortical structures. This chapter also explores the quantitative potential of 3D positron emission tomography (PET), and in particular the efficacy of the two scatter correction procedures, when applied to neuroreceptor ligand studies. For this, a ligand for imaging central benzodiazepine receptors is used.
ITS-Engineering: A Domain Independent ITS for Building Engineering Tutors

ITS-Engineering provides a developing framework for a tutoring system application in engineering domains. The system is equipped with multiple teaching styles to enable the system to instruct using various teaching styles. These teaching styles are: instructor-oriented; guided-discovery; exploratory; and user-initiated styles. The capability of ITS-Engineering is demonstrated in ITS-CPM (Intelligent Tutoring System for Construction and Project Management); ITS-Shear (Intelligent Tutoring System for Shear Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Beams). The paper proposes a significant improvement in development time and cost reduction when creating an ITS application within ITS-Engineering.
The isolation and characterization of the murine T cell antigen receptor ζ chain gene

Abstract The T cell antigen receptor (TCR) is a multisubunit complex which has a dual function of antigen recognition and signal transduction. One of its invariant subunits, the zeta chain, has been shown to have a significant role in the expression and function of the TCR on the cell surface. The mouse and human zeta cDNAs share significant homologies to each other but are distinct from all of the previously characterized TCR components. We now report the isolation and structural analysis of the complete murine zeta gene. This gene spans at least 31 kilobases and divides into eight exons. The first exon, which is located at least 20 kilobases upstream from the second exon, codes for the 5'-untranslated region and most of the signal peptide. The second exon codes for the remainder of the signal peptide, the extracellular domain, the transmembrane domain, and the first three amino acids of the intracytoplasmic domain. Exons 3-7 encode the majority of the intracytoplasmic domain. The eight exon encodes the carboxyl-terminal 21 amino acids and the 3'-untranslated region. Four groups of mRNA initiation sites have been identified at approximately 140 base pairs upstream to the AUG codon. No TATA-like box has been detected. The gene is localized to the distal part of chromosome 1 in a linkage group highly conserved between man and mouse.
A case study of electromigration reliability: From design point to system operations

While great efforts have been made to counter the EM reliability degradation due to technology scaling, closer cooperation is needed among semiconductor fabricators, circuit/chip designers and system integrators to ensure final product reliability. This paper presents an example of systematic EM reliability evaluation from design point definition to chip design verification, to system characterization, and finally to EM reliability monitoring from in-field operations.
Transfer across the perfused human placenta of antipyrine, sodium and leucine.

Abstract The transfer of antipyrine, sodium, and l -leucine across an isolated cotyledon of human placenta was studied with an in vitro perfusion system. Antipyrine transfer was flow limited. If an efficiency of extraction approximately that of a pool type of flow pattern is assumed, 50 to 80 per cent of the maternal perfusate was presented to the placental membrane for exchange. Sodium exchange rate was about 25 per cent that of antipyrine clearance, indicating a diffusion limitation very similar to that for monkey placenta as measured in situ. The calculated hourly exchange of sodium per gram of placenta varied between 4.2 and 11.4 mg. which compares favorably with in vivo measurements in the human term gestation. The l -leucine transfer rate approximated that for sodium.
The Right to Voice Reprised

This article appears in a symposium issue of Seton Hall Law Review on courtroom epistemology. In Proving the Unprovable: The Role of Law, Science and Speculation in Adjudicating Culpability and Dangerousness, I argued that criminal defendants ought to be able to present speculative psychiatric testimony if the expert has followed a routinized evaluation process that addresses the relevant legal criterion, an argument based in part on the position that the Constitution can be read to entitle defendants to tell their exculpatory mental state stories. In a recent essay, Professor Lillquist takes aim at this latter rationale, which I called the right to voice. He believes that the right to voice cannot be found in the Constitution or the Supreme Court’s construction of the Constitution, and that in any event recognition of such a right would be a bad idea because it would increase the chance of inaccurate outcomes. In response, this article bolsters the argument that there is a limited constitutional right to tell exculpatory mental state stories through experts and shows why fear that such a right will generate "inaccurate" verdicts is unfounded. In the course of doing so, it explains why these arguments apply only to psychiatric evidence and do not require or lead to a more generalized right to present a defense, which appears to be the real concern underlying Professor Lillquist’s essay. Nonetheless, the concluding section of the article departs from the psychiatric context to suggest some new reasons why the notion of a more generalized right to voice at least ought to be on the table.
Solubilization of Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus proteinic crystal: II. Ultrastructure

Abstract Various solvents (guanidine hydrochloride, normal propanol, urea, and sodium carbonate), previously demonstrated to solubilize Trichoplusia ni granulosis virus capsules, produced alterations which were characteristic for a given solvent. All solvents, with the exception of guanidine hydrochloride (G·HCl) caused longitudinal fragmentation of the proteinic crystal early in the solubilization process. G·HCl, in contrast, appeared to be capable of penetrating and producing small cavities within the crystal. Intact free virions were obtained only from carbonate-solubilized capsules. Capsules seemed to dissolve in carbonate by a sequential process. Evidence consistent with the occurrence of normally distributed differences in carbonate solubility among capsules is presented. The pattern of carbonate solubilization of the proteinic crystal and release of free virions most closely resembled the process in vivo as observed within the midgut lumen of larval Trichoplusia ni.
Kinetic and stereochemical comparison of wild-type and active-site K145Q mutant enzyme of bacterial D-amino acid transaminase.

D-Amino acid transaminase (EC 2.6.1.21), from Bacillus sp. YM-1, a thermostable enzyme with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate as coenzyme and a target for the design of novel antimicrobial agents, catalyzes the reversible transfer of an amino group between D-alanine and alpha-ketoglutarate to form pyruvate and D-glutamate, respectively. To explore the catalytic role of Lys-145, which binds the coenzyme, a site-specific mutant enzyme, K145Q (in which Lys-145 had been mutated to glutamine) constructed earlier (Futaki, S., Ueno, H., Martinez del Pozo, A., Pospischil, M. A., Manning, J. M., Ringe, D., Stoddard, B., Tanizawa, K., Yoshimura, T., and Soda, K. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 22306-22312) was compared to the wild-type enzyme for its kinetic parameters. Initial velocity studies and partial reaction isotope exchange experiments showed that the low activity of the mutant enzyme (about 1.5% the activity of the wild-type enzyme with saturating substrates) is an intrinsic property, confirming that contaminating enzymes do not account for the low activity of the K145Q mutant enzyme. The rates of the forward reaction for both wild-type and mutant enzymes were 30-40 times higher than the rates of the reverse reaction. KM values for the four substrates were 10 to 100 higher for the mutant compared to the wild-type enzyme. Whereas D-alanine is preferred over L-alanine by the wild-type enzyme (10(3) higher kcat/KM for D- over L-alanine), the K145Q enzyme does not efficiently discriminate between L- and D-alanine. Both wild-type and mutant enzymes also catalyze the slow racemization of L- and D-alanine. Proton NMR studies showed that wild-type enzyme catalyzed a time-dependent exchange of the C alpha proton of D-alanine with solvent D2O and a slow exchange of the alpha proton of L-alanine; the latter slow exchange rate is the same for the C alpha proton of both L- and D-alanine with the K145Q mutant enzyme. Thus, in addition to binding pyridoxal 5'-phosphate, the active-site Lys-145 of D-amino acid transaminase is involved in several other important functions, i.e. it optimizes catalytic efficiency and it maintains stereochemical fidelity. The steady-state kinetic results on the K145Q mutant enzyme together with the findings on the relative racemization rates and the NMR protein exchange data suggest that an alternate base catalyzes abstraction of the alpha proton of substrate in this mutant D-amino acid transaminase.
Multivariate t Distribution

Multivariate versions of the Student's t distribution derive through Studentization from multivariate normal models. Multivariate t distributions are useful to model errors of a random experiment offering greater flexibility and heavier tails than multivariate normal models. There are two types of multivariate t distributions. Type I distributions are derived by scaling each component of a normal vector by a single random scalar. Type II distributions involve separate scalings by elements of a further random vector, itself having a joint multivariate distribution. Keywords: student t; multivariate normal; tails; multiple comparisons; simultaneous confidence intervals; diagnostics; error distributions
Atlantean Prose and the Search for Democracy

Atlantis, the Lost City, has been a focal point of folklore, archeological inquiry, literary criticism, and mystic interpretation. It has boggled the brilliant, confused scientists, and sparked the interest of children. "Skeptics, archaeologists, geologists, and anthropologists may rant and rave, but the myth of Atlantis endures. In every generation, someone emerges to champion the cause and to embroider the story." But the significance of Atlantean prose as an avenue through which to best understand critical legal thought has not been explored in depth. To be sure, there have been numerous books, articles, and opinions analyzing Atlantis, but little attention has been given to the legal significance of this type of storytelling. What does it mean to engage myth? How can legal scholars and practitioners learn from and use lessons of antiquity? Where does modern narrative theory fit into traditional legal discourse? I ask the reader to dive into the depths with me and consider what Atlantis can teach us about democracy, critical legal studies, and the rule of law.
Jazz Aesthetics and the Democratic Imperative in Education: A dialogue

AbstractWhat appeared decades ago as solely a European model—Thatcherism—is now a global trend with no apparent end in sight. Neoliberalism in the public sector, and within the educational sphere particularly, pervades within a larger pattern of hegemonic ideologies. In sum, market forces and global capitalism make it quite difficult for public education, both nationally and internationally, to retain its democratic ethos, the historical aim of common schools. Is there an antidote to corporate, global capitalism ideologies undermining the democratic aims and the common good in public education? In this article the authors assert that, indeed, there are discursive spaces where scholars and citizens can turn. One space is the arts, especially jazz. In jazz the discursive, social practices of improvisation, call and response and the tradition of ‘standing on the shoulders of those who came before you' (honoring elders) facilitate deep democracy.This article borrows both from the metaphors and discursive prac...
Monitoring the coral disease, plague type II, on coral reefs in St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands.

I n July 1997, conspicuous white patches of necrotic tissue and bare skeleton began to appear on scler- actinian corals in several bays around St. John, US Virgin Islands. Analysis of diseased coral tissue from five differ- ent species confirmed the presence of a Sphingomonas-like bacterium, the pathogen for plague type II. To date, 14 species of hard corals have been affected by plague type II around St. John. This disease was monitored at Haulover and Tektite Reefs at depths of 7-12 meters. The study site at Tektite Reef has >50% cover by scleractinian corals with 90% of hard corals being composed of Montastraea annularis. Monthly surveys at Tektite Reef from December 1997 to May 2001 documented new incidence of disease (bare white patches of skeleton) every month with associ- ated loss of living coral and 90.5% of all disease patches occurred on M. annularis. The frequency of disease within transects ranged from 3 to 58%, and the area of disease patches ranged from 0.25 to 9000 cm 2 . The average percent cover by the disease within 1 m 2
Chapter 13 - The Structure of Computability in Analysis and Physical Theory: An Extension of Church's Thesis

This chapter presents a survey of computability in analysis and physical theory. The notion of a computability structure on a Banach space is of central importance in this chapter. It accords well with the intuitive notion of computability. The definition is given in the chapter axiomatically. The axioms provide for the interaction of elementary recursion theory with the basic tenets of Banach space theory. The concept that is axiomatized is “computable sequence of elements” of the Banach space. The computability structure is characterized by three axioms. This is not surprising because the Banach space itself is defined by three properties. It is a linear space with a norm, which is complete in the norm. Under general conditions, which in practice are always satisfied, the computability structure on a Banach space is unique.
Thiol-sensitive genes of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The effect of 1-thioglycerol on the expression of genes of Escherichia coli was investigated. Pulse-labeled proteins from aerobically growing, 1-thioglycerol-treated E. coli were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, and their radioactivities were compared with those of identical proteins from nontreated cells. The first 10 min of exposure to thiol stimulated the synthesis of 10% of the observed proteins and inhibited the production of 16% of the proteins. After 30 min of growth with thiol, the synthesis of 44% of the observed proteins was inhibited and synthesis of 18% of the proteins was stimulated. In general, the expression of genes of carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and protein biosynthesis were inhibited, while nucleic acid synthetic and repair gene expressions showed mixed responses. Synthesis of transport proteins was not affected. Transient stimulation of oxidative-stress proteins and sustained stimulation of the expressions of trxB, ompA, and ompB genes and those of several unidentified gene products were also observed. Whether these complex responses merely reflect adjustments by cellular subsystems to a suddenly reducing environment or whether they are manifestations of a reductive-stress regulon will have to await genetic analysis of this phenomenon.
The Dead and Their Images: An Egyptian Etymology for Hebrew ’ôb

The term ’ob has long been a philological mystery for scholars of classical Hebrew and Israelite religion. It does not seem to mean the same thing in all instances, and its etymology is unclear and contested. The present article argues that an Egyptian etymology for the term is most likely, and that it refers both to the dead and to cultic images of them used in necromancy and ancestor worship. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v01i4_hays
Assessment of hormone receptor status in breast cancer by immunohistochemical and gene expression assays

A10 Accurate measurement of hormone receptor expression is critical for the care of breast cancer patients. Immunohistochemical (IHC) assays are currently the most widely used method for hormone receptor determination. While IHC assays have broad utilization there are concerns regarding standardization of methods and interpretation. We assessed hormone receptor status using contemporary estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptor IHC assays as well as real-time quantitative RT-PCR assays to measure gene expression (GE) levels of ER, PR and additional mRNAs involved in receptor expression.Tumor specimens from 315 well-characterized, early-stage, node-negative breast cancer patients were examined. Although the patients were diagnosed between 1975 and 1986, IHC assays for ER and PR were performed using current methods in a single laboratory. Tumors with an Allred score >3 were classified as positive; those
Characterizing friction in sliding isolation bearings

SUMMARY The force–displacement behavior of the Friction Pendulum ™ (FP) bearing is a function of the coefficient of sliding friction, axial load on the bearing and effective radius of the sliding surface. The coefficient of friction varies during the course of an earthquake with sliding velocity, axial pressure and temperature at the sliding surface.Thevelocityandaxial pressure onthebearing dependonthe responseofthesuperstructuretotheearthquake shaking. The temperature at an instant in time during earthquake shaking is a function of the histories of the coefficient of friction, sliding velocity and axial pressure, and the travel path of the slider on the sliding surface. A unified framework accommodating the complex interdependence of the coefficient of friction, sliding velocity, axial pressure and temperature is presented for implementation in nonlinear response-history analysis. Expressions to define the relationship between the coefficient of friction and sliding velocity, axial pressure, and temperature are proposed, based on available experimental data. Response-history analyses are performed on FP bearings with a range of geometrical and liner mechanical properties and static axial pressure. Friction is described using five different models that consider the dependence of the coefficient of friction on axial pressure, sliding velocity and temperature. Frictional heating is the most important factor that influences themaximum displacementoftheisolation systemand floor spectraldemandsifthestaticaxialpressureishigh. Isolation system displacements are not significantly affected by considerations of the influence of axial pressure and velocity on the coefficient of friction. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alcohol Suppresses the Granulopoietic Response to Pulmonary Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection with Enhancement of STAT3 Signaling

Enhanced granulopoietic activity is crucial for host defense against bacterial pneumonia. Alcohol impairs this response. The underlying mechanisms remain obscure. G-CSF produced by infected lung tissue plays a key role in stimulating bone marrow granulopoiesis. This study investigated the effects of alcohol on G-CSF signaling in the regulation of marrow myeloid progenitor cell proliferation in mice with Streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia. Chronic alcohol consumption plus acute alcohol intoxication suppressed the increase in blood granulocyte counts following intrapulmonary challenge with S. pneumoniae. This suppression was associated with a significant decrease in bone marrow granulopoietic progenitor cell proliferation. Alcohol treatment significantly enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation in bone marrow cells of animals challenged with S. pneumoniae. In vitro experiments showed that G-CSF–induced activation of STAT3–p27Kip1 pathway in murine myeloid progenitor cell line 32D-G-CSFR cells was markedly enhanced by alcohol exposure. Alcohol dose dependently inhibited G-CSF–stimulated 32D-G-CSFR cell proliferation. This impairment of myeloid progenitor cell proliferation was not attenuated by inhibition of alcohol metabolism through either the alcohol dehydrogenase pathway or the cytochrome P450 system. These data suggest that alcohol enhances G-CSF–associated STAT3–p27Kip1 signaling, which impairs granulopoietic progenitor cell proliferation by inducing cell cycling arrest and facilitating their terminal differentiation during the granulopoietic response to pulmonary infection.
ACTIVIST CRIMINOLOGY: CRIMINOLOGISTS’ RESPONSIBILITY TO ADVOCATE FOR SOCIAL AND LEGAL JUSTICE

Similar to many criminologists, my interest in pursuing this career was driven by a desire to improve responses to injustices, on both small and large scales. I believe that among criminologists, this dedication to effect changes in social and legal justice disproportionately drives those of us historically kept out of the academy due to our race, gender, class, sexual identity, and/or other marginalizations. Fortunately, there is a growing diversity among criminologists and this has had a powerful impact on expanding the scope and depth of the field. At the same time, I am concerned that academic training and university climates frequently work against our commitment to advancing social and legal justice changes, what I refer to as “criminology activism.” This address is a call to action, stressing criminologists’ responsibility to advocate for social and legal justice on small and large scales. Numerous types of criminology activism are identified (e.g., in research, service, and teaching), including the requisite to continue diversifying the representation of criminologists.
An Investigation of the Effect of Competition on the Way Students Engage in Game-Based Deliberate Practice

This paper reports the results of an experiment that used qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate the effect of competition on students' use of game-based deliberate practice. We hypothesized that the results of the experiment would show that competition has a positive effect on performance outcomes, but it also increases students' tendency to game the system. The actual results of the experiment showed only very modest support for these hypotheses but have other implications for improving the design of educational games.
On obtaining high-precision measurements of oceanic pCO2 using infrared analyzers

Abstract Assessments of ocean carbon uptake using the air–sea disequilibrium of CO2 require very high quality measurements of pCO2 in the atmosphere and in surface seawater. These measurements are often collected and analyzed using infrared detectors. Laboratory data are presented here which suggest that errors of the order of several parts per million in xCO2 can result if the analyzer temperature and pressure are not carefully matched during calibration and sampling. Field data were examined to address questions about the importance of measuring analysis temperature and pressure under more extreme conditions, sample averaging, and calibration frequency. The results indicate that calibration frequency can be minimized without significant compromises in data quality if the analyzer temperatures and pressures are suitably monitored and/or controlled. Daily calibrations gave results to within 0.4 ppm of the results obtained by hourly calibration when the temperature of the analyzer was controlled to ±0.2°C and the voltages were corrected for pressure differences between calibration and sampling.
Properties of the dysprosium-gadolinium gallium garnet system

Single crystals of a number of compositions of the dysprosium-gadolinium gallium garnet system were grown by the Czochralski technique. Precision lattice parameters were measured by X-ray diffraction powder methods and compositions were determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. The precision lattice constants of the end members differ from published values and the collected data shows that the system obeys Vegard’s Law. Other physical properties are presented and compared with requirements for substrates used in the chemical vapor deposition of magnetic garnet films.
Dual Energy Radiography: A Preliminary Study

A preliminary study was used to test the strengths and weaknesses of our dual energy radiography system as applied to study of chest lesions. Six patients had a pulmonary nodule or pulmonary nodules known to be present on the basis of prior chest films substantiated by full lung tomograms or CT scans of the chest. The results of the dual energy studies as compared to the chest film findings and the other special studies are reported.© (1981) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Management of pulmonary arteriovenous malformations in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia patients.

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), previously known as Osler–Weber–Rendu syndrome, is an autosomal dominant vascular disorder with a variety of clinical manifestations. Mucocutaneous telangiectasias are characteristic of the entity, producing epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding that often result in an iron-deficiency anemia. However, life-threatening conditions such as hemorrhage or stroke are usually attributable to the presence of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the pulmonary, cerebral, or hepatic circulations. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are direct communications between the pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins without an interposed capillary bed; PAVMs thereby serve as a potential conduit for paradoxical embolism that can cause cerebrovascular ischemia or cerebral abscess formation. Also, because PAVMs serve as a physiologic right-to-left shunt, patients can present with high-output heart failure, dyspnea, platypnea, and/or secondary polycythemia. Finally, the friability of the abnormal vasculature often causes PAVMs to increase in size over time or hemorrhage, resulting in hemoptysis or hemothorax. The technical complexity of PAVM embolotherapy and the clinical depth needed to adequately provide long-term follow-up care for the proband and their affected family members makes PAVM management of HHT patients an especially rewarding aspect of clinical interventional radiology.
Cost-effectiveness of multilevel hemilaminectomy for lumbar stenosis–associated radiculopathy

Abstract Background context Laminectomy for lumbar stenosis–associated radiculopathy is associated with improvement in pain, disability, and quality of life. However, given rising health-care costs, attention has been turned to question the cost-effectiveness of lumbar decompressive procedures. The cost-effectiveness of multilevel hemilaminectomy for radiculopathy remains unclear. Purpose To assess the comprehensive medical and societal costs of multilevel hemilaminectomy at our institution and determine its cost-effectiveness in the treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis. Study design Prospective single cohort study. Patient sample Fifty-four consecutive patients undergoing multilevel hemilaminectomy for lumbar stenosis–associated radiculopathy after at least 6 months of failed conservative therapy were included. Outcome measures Self-reported measures were assessed using an outcomes questionnaire that incorporated total back-related medical resource utilization, missed work, and improvement in leg pain (visual analog scale for leg pain [VAS-LP]), disability (Oswestry Disability Index [ODI]), quality of life (Short Form-12 [SF-12]), and health state values (quality-adjusted life years [QALYs], calculated from EuroQuol 5D [EQ-5D] with US valuation). Methods Over a 2-year period, total back-related medical resource utilization, missed work, and improvement in leg pain (VAS-LP), disability (ODI), quality of life (SF-12), and health state values (QALYs, calculated from EQ-5D with US valuation) were assessed. Two-year resource use was multiplied by unit costs based on Medicare national allowable payment amounts (direct cost), and patient and caregiver workday losses were multiplied by the self-reported gross-of-tax wage rate (indirect cost). Mean total 2-year cost per QALY gained after multilevel hemilaminectomy was assessed. Results Compared with preoperative health states reported after at least 6 months of medical management, a significant improvement in VAS-LP, ODI, and SF-12 (physical and mental components) was observed 2 years after multilevel hemilaminectomy, with a mean 2-year gain of 0.72 QALYs. Mean±standard deviation total 2-year cost of multilevel hemilaminectomy was $24,264±10,319 (surgery cost, $10,220±80.57; outpatient resource utilization cost, $3,592±3,243; and indirect cost, $10,452±9,364). Multilevel hemilaminectomy was associated with a mean 2-year cost per QALY gained of $33,700. Conclusions Multilevel hemilaminectomy improved pain, disability, and quality of life in patients with lumbar stenosis–associated radiculopathy. Total cost per QALY gained for multilevel hemilaminectomy was $33,700 when evaluated 2 years after surgery with Medicare fees, suggesting that multilevel hemilaminectomy is a cost-effective treatment of lumbar radiculopathy.