cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interaction between leptin and sympathetic nervous system in hypertension

Leptin is a protein produced by adipose tissue that acts in the central nervous system (CNS) to decrease appetite and increase energy expenditure. Leptin thus functions as the afferent component of a negative feedback loop that maintains stable adipose tissue mass. Intravenous leptin increases norepinephrine turnover and sympathetic nerve activity to thermogenic brown adipose tissue. Leptin also increases sympathetic nerve activity to tissues not usually considered thermogenic, including the kidney, hindlimb, and adrenal gland. Chronic systemic CNS administration of leptin increases arterial pressure and heart rate in conscious animals. However, leptin has additional cardiovascular actions that may act to oppose sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction. These actions include natriuresis, insulin sensitization, endothelium-dependent dilatation, and angiogenesis. Thus, the overall effect of leptin on arterial pressure has been unclear. Recent studies have demonstrated that leptin-deficient ob/ob obese mice have lower arterial pressure than lean controls with normal leptin levels. These studies suggest that leptin contributes physiologically to maintenance of arterial pressure. Leptin expression and plasma leptin concentrations are elevated in obese humans. Abnormalities in the generation or actions of leptin may, therefore, have implications for the sympathetic, cardiovascular, and renal changes associated with obesity.
The modified P+ electrode layout schemes to enhance esd robustness of SCR structure for PMIC applications

In this work, the MPSCR structure have been verified in a 0.35-um 40-V CDMOS technology. The MPSCR structure with high ESD robustness has been clearly investigated by TLP instrument and TCAD simulator. By the simulation results, the modified P+ electrode layout of cathode side can enhance the turn-on efficiency of embedded SCR path, and avoid the current crowding effect on the surface of device. The proposed device only need to sweep N+ and P+ regions in drain side, and do not need to increase the additional mask layer. For area reduction, the MPSCR device does not need to increase the layout area and it can sustain up to 7.2kV for HBM and 360V for MM under device width of 300µm. Besides, the proposed MPSCR device has a low trigger voltage (Vt1=54-V) and a high second breakdown current (It2=10-A), which can be extensively applied for ESD protection design of PMIC applications.
Light deflection, lensing, and time delays from gravitational potentials and Fermat's principle in the presence of a cosmological constant

The contributions of the cosmological constant to the deflection angle and the time delays are derived from the integration of the gravitational potential as well as from Fermat's principle. The findings are in agreement with recent results using exact solutions to Einstein's equations and reproduce precisely the new {lambda} term in the bending angle and the lens equation. The consequences on time-delay expressions are explored. While it is known that {lambda} contributes to the gravitational time delay, it is shown here that a new {lambda} term appears in the geometrical time delay as well. Although these newly derived terms are perhaps small for current observations, they do not cancel out as previously claimed. Moreover, as shown before, at galaxy cluster scale, the {lambda} contribution can be larger than the second-order term in the Einstein deflection angle for several cluster lens systems.
Selective Stimulation of Renal Nerves in the Anesthetized Dog: Effect on Renin Release During Controlled Changes in Renal Hemodynamics

The combined effects of low-frequency stimulation of the renal sympathetic nerves and reductions in renal arterial blood pressure on various hemodynamic parameters of the in situ kidney and on renal venous renin levels were determined in 17 dogs. Autoregulation of flow (measured using noncannulating electromagnetic probes) and glomerular filtration (measured using continuous extraction of 131I-iothalamate) was followed before, during, and after nerve stimulation. Stimulation of isolated renal nerves (0.5 msec, 10-15 v, 0.1-3.0/sec) produced distinct changes in the release of renin with only minimal changes in the autoregulatory curves for glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow. Reducing arterial blood pressure from 150 to 50 mm Hg caused an increase in the release of renin from 4 to 35 ng/ml hour-1. Stimulation of the renal nerves increased renin production at both pressures (from 4 to 10 ng/ml hour-1 at 150 mm Hg and from 35 to 50 ng/ml hour-1 at 50 mm Hg). In fact, renal nerve stimulation elic...
Synthesis of precision serial flexure systems using freedom and constraint topologies (FACT)

Abstract In this paper we introduce the principles necessary to synthesize the complete body of serial flexure system concepts, which satisfy desired design requirements using Freedom and Constraint Topologies (FACT). FACT utilizes a comprehensive library of geometric shapes that represent regions were constraints may be placed for synthesizing flexure systems that possess designer-specified degrees of freedom (DOFs). Prior to the theory of this paper, FACT was limited to the synthesis of parallel flexure systems only. The ability to synthesize serial flexure systems is important because serial flexure systems (i) may possess DOFs not accessible to parallel flexure systems, (ii) exhibit larger ranges of motion, and (iii) enable cancellation of parasitic errors. Geometric shapes that represent motions only accessible to serial flexure systems have been derived and added to the existing body of FACT shapes initially intended for parallel flexure synthesis only. Systematic rules and guidelines have been created that help designers use these shapes to generate every parallel and serial flexure concept that satisfies the desired functional requirements. We demonstrate how to use these shapes to utilize or avoid underconstraint in serial flexure synthesis. A serial flexure system is designed that interfaces the lead screw of a lathe to the carriage that it drives as a case study to demonstrate the theory of this paper.
Impairment of neurovascular coupling in type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats is linked to PKC modulation of BKCa and Kir channels

We hypothesized that chronic hyperglycemia has a detrimental effect on neurovascular coupling in the brain and that this may be linked to protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated phosphorylation. Therefore,...
Quantifying Hernodialysis and Peritoneal Dialysis: Examination of the Peak Concentration Hypothesis

Summary In concert, the nonlinear effects and solute disequilibrium associated with hemodialysis may explain the differences between Kt/V required for patients receiving intermittent versus continuous dialysis who have a comparable average BUN. The above arguments may remove some of the mystery behind the benefits of CAPD, a form of dialysis that was discovered empirically and proved to be more successful than many would have predicted (6). To account for the surprising success of CAPD one need not postulate that uremic toxicity is related to high peak concentrations of urea, nor must one invoke an unknown effect of this type of dialysis; rather, the inefficiency of intermittent dialysis may be a sufficient explanation. When the factors that reduce the effectiveness of solute removal during hemodialysis are taken into account, these two forms of dialysis begin to look and behave similarly.
New high performance algorithmic solution for diagnosis problem

We propose an algorithmic approach and present an algorithm for solving the diagnosis problem. We report the results of the performance tests of the new algorithm and compare them with the traditional and standard algorithms. These results show the strong performance of our new algorithm with more than ten times improvement over the traditional approach. The most widely used approach to model-based diagnosis consists of a two-step process: (1) generating conflict sets from symptoms; (2) calculating minimal diagnosis set from the conflicts. Here a conflict set is a set of assumption on the modes of some components that is not consistent with the model of the system and observations, and a minimal diagnosis is a set of the consistent assumptions of the modes of all components with minimal number of abnormal components. However, there are major drawbacks in the current model-based diagnosis techniques in efficiently performing the above two steps that severely limit their practical application to many systems of interest. For conflict generating problem, these techniques are usually based on different versions of truth maintenance method, which lead to an exhaustive search in the space of possible modes of the components. For finding minimal diagnosis from the conflicts, the most common is based on Reiter's algorithm, which requires both exponential time and exponential space (memory) for implementation. In this paper we address the problem of generating the minimal diagnosis from the conflicts. This problem can be formulated as the well-known hitting set problem. Our approach starts by mapping the hitting set problem onto the integer programming problem that enables us, for the first time, a priori determination of the lower and upper bounds on the size of the solution. Based on these bounds, we introduce a new concept of solution window for the problem. We also propose a new branch-and-bound technique that not only is faster than the current techniques in terms of number of operations (by exploiting the structure of the problem) but also, using the concept of window, allows a massive reduction (pruning) in the number of branches. Furthermore, as the branch-and-bound proceeds, the solution window is dynamically updated and narrowed to enable further pruning. We present the results of the performance of the new algorithm on a set of test cases. These results clearly show the advantage of our new algorithm over the traditional branch-and-bound algorithm; more specifically the new algorithm has achieved several orders of magnitude speedup over the standard algorithm. For example, for the systems with 40 components, the new algorithm, in average, solves the problem more than 300 times faster than the traditional algorithm
Mass originating from the maxillary alveolar crest in an infant.

An infant presented with a large mass protruding from the right maxillary alveolar ridge. Themasswas first notedat2monthsof age and was initially thought to be an odontogenic cyst. The mass expandedrapidlyover thenextseveralmonthsandwasassociatedwith intermittent increased work of breathing, feeding difficulty, and a 4.5-kgweight loss. Intraoral examination revealeda large, firm, gray mass originating from the rightmaxillary alveolar ridge (Figure, A). Contrast computed tomographic imaging showed an expansile multilobulated heterogeneously enhancing mass measuring 4.1 × 4.8 × 4.4cmoriginating fromthe rightmaxillary alveolar ridge withdisplacementof the floorof themaxillarysinus.Within themass therewasacentral “sunburst” representingnewboneformation.The patientwas initially takento theoperating roomforopenbiopsy.The specimen consisted of small blue cells with a neuroblastic appearance and cuboidal cells with variable melanin pigmentation forming glandlike epithelial structures within a background of dense fibrous stroma (Figure, B and C). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed thatboth theepithelial andneural componentswerepositive for neuron-specific enolase. The epithelial cells stained positive for cytokeratinAE1/AE3 (Figure,D), tyrosinase, andS-100,while the neuroblastic cells stained positive for synaptophysinwith 20% Ki-67positivity.Thepatient’surinaryvanillylmandelicacid levelswere within reference range. What is your diagnosis? A B
Macrophage deficiency of Akt2 reduces atherosclerosis in Ldlr null mice.

Macrophages play crucial roles in the formation of atherosclerotic lesions. Akt, a serine/threonine protein kinase B, is vital for cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Macrophages express three Akt isoforms, Akt1, Akt2, and Akt3, but the roles of Akt1 and Akt2 in atherosclerosis in vivo remain unclear. To dissect the impact of macrophage Akt1 and Akt2 on early atherosclerosis, we generated mice with hematopoietic deficiency of Akt1 or Akt2. After 8 weeks on Western diet, Ldlr−/− mice reconstituted with Akt1−/− fetal liver cells (Akt1−/−→Ldlr−/−) had similar atherosclerotic lesion areas compared with control mice transplanted with WT cells (WT→Ldlr−/−). In contrast, Akt2−/−→Ldlr−/− mice had dramatically reduced atherosclerotic lesions compared with WT→Ldlr−/− mice of both genders. Similarly, in the setting of advanced atherosclerotic lesions, Akt2−/−→Ldlr−/− mice had smaller aortic lesions compared with WT→Ldlr−/− and Akt1−/−→Ldlr−/− mice. Importantly, Akt2−/−→Ldlr−/− mice had reduced numbers of proinflammatory blood monocytes expressing Ly-6Chi and chemokine C-C motif receptor 2. Peritoneal macrophages isolated from Akt2−/− mice were skewed toward an M2 phenotype and showed decreased expression of proinflammatory genes and reduced cell migration. Our data demonstrate that loss of Akt2 suppresses the ability of macrophages to undergo M1 polarization reducing both early and advanced atherosclerosis.
Fish Oil Interaction with Warfarin

OBJECTIVE:To report a case of elevated international normalized ratio (INR) in a patient taking fish oil and warfarin.CASE SUMMARY:A 67-year-old white woman had been taking warfarin for 11/2 years due to recurrent transient ischemic attacks. Her medical history included hypothyroidism, hyperlipidemia, osteopenia, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. She also experienced an inferior myocardial infarction in 1995 requiring angioplasty, surgical repair of her femoral artery in 1995, and hernia repair in 1996. This patient has her INR checked in the anticoagulation clinic and is followed monthly by the clinical pharmacist. Prior to the interaction, her INR was therapeutic for 5 months while she was taking warfarin 1.5 mg/d. The patient admitted to doubling her fish oil dose from 1000 to 2000 mg/d. Without dietary, lifestyle, or medication changes, the INR increased from 2.8 to 4.3 within 1 month. The INR decreased to 1.6 one week after subsequent fish oil reduction, necessitating a return to the origina...
Contextual Variations in Negative Mood and State Self-Esteem What Role Do Peers Play?

This study explores the link between peer problems in school and contextual variations in negative mood and state self-esteem over a 5-day period. Fifth-grade children completed measures of mood and state self-esteem while they were at home in the morning and while they were at school each day, allowing for an examination of whether psychological states change from context to context and whether these changes are influenced by types of peer events that children report experiencing at school. Results indicated that children who experienced more peer problems at school showed, on average, a shift toward more negative mood and lowered state self-esteem from mornings at home to afternoons at school during the week of data collection. Peer problems were also associated with higher levels of negative mood at school after controlling for academic problems but no longer predicted state self-esteem in school when academic problems were controlled.
BMD and Fracture Risk in CKD: Where Should We Go from Here?

In patients without kidney disease, measurement of areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is a surrogate marker of bone strength and is the clinical standard for assessing fracture risk in postmenopausal women and older men. Multiple prospective studies have
Optimization of a cisplatin model of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy in mice: use of vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate pretreatments to reduce nephrotoxicity and improve animal health status

Background: Cisplatin, a platinum-derived chemotherapeutic agent, produces antineoplastic effects coupled with toxic neuropathic pain and impaired general health status. These side-effects complicate long term studies of neuropathy or analgesic interventions in animals. We recently demonstrated that pretreatment with sodium bicarbonate (4% NaHCO3) prior to cisplatin (3 mg/kg i.p. weekly up to 5 weeks) was associated with improved health status (i.e. normal weight gain, body temperature, creatinine and ketone levels, and kidney weight ratio) in rats (Neurosci Lett 544:41-46, 2013). To reduce the nephrotoxic effects of cisplatin treatment in mice, we compared effects of sodium bicarbonate (4% NaHCO3 s.c.), vitamin C (25 mg/kg s.c.), resveratrol (25 mg/kg s.c.) and saline (0.9% NaCl) pretreatment on cisplatin-induced changes in animal health status, neuropathic pain and proinflammatory cytokine levels in spinal cord and kidney. Results: Cisplatin-treated mice receiving saline pretreatment exhibited elevated ketone, creatinine and kidney weight ratios, representative of nephrotoxicity. Vitamin C and sodium bicarbonate lowered creatinine/ketone levels and kidney weight ratio whereas resveratrol normalized creatinine levels and kidney weight ratios similar to saline pretreatment. All pretreatments were associated with decreased ketone levels compared to saline pretreatment. Cisplatin-induced neuropathy (i.e. mechanical and cold allodynia) developed equivalently in all pretreatment groups and was similarly reversed by either morphine (6 mg/kg i.p.) or ibuprofen (6 mg/kg i.p.) treatment. RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels for IL-1β were increased in lumbar spinal cord of cisplatin-treated groups pretreated with either saline, NaHCO3 or resveratrol/ cisplatin-treated groups. However, IL-6 and TNF-alpha were elevated in the kidneys in all cisplatin-treated groups. Our studies also demonstrate that 60 days after the last cisplatin treatment, body weight, body temperature, kidney functions and mRNA levels have returned to baseline although the neuropathic pain (mechanical and cold) is maintained.
Mating in Candida albicans and the search for a sexual cycle.

Candida albicans is a normal part of the human microflora, but it is also an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes both mucosal infections and life-threatening systemic infections. Until recently, C. albicans was thought to be asexual, existing only as an obligate diploid. However, a mating locus was identified that was homologous to those in sexually reproducing fungi, and mating of C. albicans strains was subsequently demonstrated in the laboratory. In this review, we compare and contrast the mating process in C. albicans with that of other fungi, particularly Saccharomyces cerevisiae, whose mating has been most intensively studied. Several features of the mating pathway appear unique to C. albicans, including aspects of gene regulation and cell biology, as well as the involvement of “white-opaque” switching, an alteration between two quasi-stable inheritable states. These specializations of the mating process may have evolved to promote the survival of C. albicans in the hostile environment of a mammalian host.
Optimal speech estimator considering room response as well as additive noise: Different approaches in low and high frequency range

This paper proposes minimum mean squared error (MMSE) speech signal estimation in a reverberant space using different optimal estimators in the low and high frequency ranges. At low frequencies, an MMSE spectral amplitude estimator divided by the spectral amplitude of a representative impulse response produces optimal performance. In the high frequency range, the MMSE estimator is computed based on its sufficient statistic: the maximum likelihood (ML) estimate. Inference is factored using a two- step algorithm: the maximum likelihood value of the source spectrum is first estimated using expectation-maximization (EM) under the assumption of the hidden room response with complex Gaussian pdf, then the MMSE source spectral estimate is computed.
Scylla and Charybdis: Dual Roles and Undetected Risks in Campus Mental Health Assessments

Recent high-profile events involving the mental health of students and the subsequent impact on the campus community have focused attention on the need for quality mental health care and informed risk assessment on college campuses. When on-campus clinicians are asked to provide direct clinical care to students and to perform objective evaluations of at-risk students at the request of university administrators, there is a potential for multiple role conflict. Campus clinicians may find themselves involved in maintaining a difficult balance between student and university interests. We describe some of the problems that arise in balancing decisions between the two, with a specific emphasis on threats to confidentiality and informed consent, dual role conflicts, and the limits of clinical expertise.
Rationalism and the Rule of Law: Michael Oakeshott and the American Constitutional Order

AbstractMany commentators have mentioned the fact that Michael Oakeshott describes the American founding as a “Rationalist” project. But there has been little careful investigation into the actual character of his criticisms. This essay first considers the critique on its own terms before turning to an examination of the alternative that Oakeshott recommends, which is designated “the rule of law.” Several observations emerge from this analysis. First, Oakeshott’s concept of Rationalism still has purchase in the present day. Second, it can be applied to contemporary American law and politics as a way of illuminating certain widespread political tendencies. And finally, it is possible both to appropriate his critique and simultaneously to moderate it such that it proves beneficial for thinking about our current political situation in the United States.
Reliability of the Financial Statements Following the Adoption of Fresh Start Reporting

This study examines the reliability of the financial statements of 72 firms that adopted fresh start reporting upon their emergence from Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. The study focuses on the reliability of the fair value estimate of equity recorded upon the adoption of fresh start reporting. I test whether managements strategically choose the fresh start equity value in order to gain acceptance for their reorganization plans and to enhance post-bankruptcy reported performance. Results of multivariate analyses indicate that the overstatement in the fresh start equity value (over and above market value of equity immediately after emergence from Chapter 11) is increasing in the: (i)complexity of the bankruptcy negotiations, (ii) probability of post-emergence financial distress, (ii) percentage ownership of former creditors in the reorganized entity, and (iv) CEO turnover; I also find that prepackaged bankruptcies emerge with a greater understatement in the fresh start equity value relative to non-prepackaged cases.
Managing Complements

This column discusses the Apple maps mess and examines issues behind complements in demand and complements in supply.
Population Dynamics of Heliothis Spp. on Castilleja indivisa , an Unreported Host Plant, and Lupinus texensis in Texas

Eggs and larvae of the first generation of Heliothis spp. were common in Texas on Castilleja indivisa Englemann (Texas paintbrush), a previously unreported host plant, and Lupinus texensis Hooker (Texas bluebonnet). Oviposition was highest at or near the time of peak flowering. Highest mean egg numbers on any sample date were 7.7 and 1.8 eggs per m2 on L. texensis in 1979 and 1980, respectively, whereas on C. indivisa the highest mean numbers on any sample date were 7.6 and 5.7 eggs per m2 in the same 2 years. Larval numbers averaged 11.2, 7.0, and 2.3 per 100 sweeps on L. texensis in 1978, 1979, and 1980, respectively, with a high of 30 on one sample date. Mean larval numbers in these 3 years on C. indivisa were 11.6, 4.8, and 5.2 per 100 sweeps, the maximum on any sample date being 21.7. Three species of Heliothis, H. phloxiphaga Grote and Robinson, H. virescens (Fabricius), and H. zea (Boddie), were found. Parasites reared from larvae were Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron), Exetastes sp. near obscurus Cresson, Microplitis croceipes (Cresson), and Hexamermis sp.
An Integrated Framework for Intersectorality: Nonprofitness and Its Influence on Society and Public Administration Programs

Cross-sector interactions have long occurred in the public delivery of goods, services, and interests. While scholars have often addressed cross-sector interactions using the dimensions of publicness (state) and privateness (market), an intersectoral framework necessitates the understanding and incorporation of nonprofitness to account for the dimensions of nonprofits along the public-private continuum. This article proposes a framework for identifying the dimensions of nonprofits in an intersectoral world and draws on relevant examples to illustrate the presence and influence of nonprofitness. The article then focuses on the future of education in the field of public administration and, in light of the proposed framework, makes and considers recommendations to help educational programs better equip students to appreciate work across sectors.
On United Nations Economics

The United Nations has made a vital contribution to economic intelligence and analysis through the publications of its Bureau of Economic Affairs as well as those of its regional commissions. The prestige of its professional staff is so high that their pronouncements find a respectful audience all over the world. This well-merited recognition, however, burdens the staff with heavy responsibilities. An academic economist may well indulge in political advice or economic forecasting, even though proficiency in economic theory guarantees neither sound political judgment nor the possession of prophetic gifts. It is different with staff members of a public agency, and especially with those of one of the foremost international institutions. Any advice they give should be based on generally accepted theories and values rather than on controversial hypotheses or partisan opinions. And, since they are as unable to foresee the future as other human beings, they should withstand the temptation to make predictions.
460 RESTORATION OF DEFECTIVE GLUCAGON SECRETION DURING HYPOGLYCEMIA IN AUTOIMMUNE DIABETES.

Type 1 diabetic patients lose the ability to secrete glucagon during insulin-induced hypoglycemia. A leading theory to explain this loss is that alpha cells require a “switch- off” signal from neighboring beta cells to release glucagon in response to hypoglycemia. The “switch-off” hypothesis has been tested in diabetic streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats by regionally reinsulinizing the alpha cell in vivo prior to the hypoglycemic challenge. To ascertain the relevance of these findings to autoimmune diabetes, we examined diabetes prone (BBDP) BB rats for alpha cell responsiveness to hypoglycemia. In control studies an intravenous insulin injection caused sudden hypoglycemia (blood glucose ≤ 40 mg/dL); the plasma glucagon response was greatly diminished in diabetic BBDP rats compared to nondiabetic BBDP rats (57 ± 14 vs 872 ± 36 pg/mL respectively; p
102 AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION AND TREATMENT FOR PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA.

Background Pheochromocytoma is a rare condition and is difficult to diagnose as it overlaps more common disorders. Delay in treatment can be fatal and tumor size can affect its presentation/management. Objective Present an unusual case of pheochromocytoma and discuss embolization as a therapy. Case Presentation A 41 yo woman presented with chest pain, diaphoresis, hypertension, and tachycardia. Right arm blood pressure (BP) was 248/137, left arm BP was 161/121, and pulse was 131. She had several months of “spells” of posterior headaches, chest/abdominal pain, palpitations, and elevated BP. Contrast CT excluded aortic dissection but revealed a 9.1 × 9.4 × 8.6 cm hypervascular, well encapsulated right adrenal mass with areas of necrosis. A presumptive diagnosis of pheochromocytoma was made. Within 12 hours of admission to the ICU, her hematocrit dropped and she became hypotensive. Massive fluid and blood transfusion was followed by systemic hypertension and a rise in intra-abdominal pressure consistent with abdominal compartment syndrome. Emergency laparotomy revealed a large right retroperitoneal hemorrhage. Because of hemodynamic instability and continued hemorrhage, coil embolization of the mass was performed, eliminating 95% of the tumor9s blood supply. IV phentolamine was required during the embolization and for 4 additional days, after which BP was easily controlled on oral prazosin. Several weeks later, the remnant mass was removed. Histology revealed no cytologic features of malignancy and no invasion of the surrounding structures with 20 to 30% of the tumor still viable. Discussion Pheochromocytoma is an uncommon etiology for common symptoms, occasionally diagnosed during a hypertensive crisis. Because of alpha receptor stimulation and intravascular volume depletion, beta blockers cannot be used alone. Phentolamine could not be easily obtained and nitroprusside9s metabolism to cyanide limited its use in multi-organ failure. Large tumors pose unique issues. Massive retroperitoneal hemorrhage can occur after spontaneous rupture and control of hemorrhage can be surgically challenging. Coil embolization allowed rapid hemostasis but hemodynamic instability can occur after embolization, likely due to release of stored catecholamines from the infarcting tissue. Furthermore, even with successful embolization, viable remnant tissue may persist, requiring adequate preop preparation if eventual surgical excision is planned. Large tumors also raise the concern of malignancy. Even with seemingly complete surgical resection, 14% of tumors recur and 10% have metastases; hence, continued medical reevaluation for biochemical/anatomic evidence of tumor recurrence is recommended.
Bias Characterization in Probabilistic Genotype Data and Improved Signal Detection with Multiple Imputation

Missing data are an unavoidable component of modern statistical genetics. Different array or sequencing technologies cover different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), leading to a complicated mosaic pattern of missingness where both individual genotypes and entire SNPs are sporadically absent. Such missing data patterns cannot be ignored without introducing bias, yet cannot be inferred exclusively from nonmissing data. In genome-wide association studies, the accepted solution to missingness is to impute missing data using external reference haplotypes. The resulting probabilistic genotypes may be analyzed in the place of genotype calls. A general-purpose paradigm, called Multiple Imputation (MI), is known to model uncertainty in many contexts, yet it is not widely used in association studies. Here, we undertake a systematic evaluation of existing imputed data analysis methods and MI. We characterize biases related to uncertainty in association studies, and find that bias is introduced both at the imputation level, when imputation algorithms generate inconsistent genotype probabilities, and at the association level, when analysis methods inadequately model genotype uncertainty. We find that MI performs at least as well as existing methods or in some cases much better, and provides a straightforward paradigm for adapting existing genotype association methods to uncertain data.
An Intervention to Enhance Psychological Capital and Health Outcomes in Homeless Female Youths

Female homeless youths are vulnerable to risky sex and substance use behaviors, yet they have strengths known as psychological capital. A quasi-experimental pre-post research design with repeated measures was used to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a brief intervention to enhance psychological capital, reduce health-risk behaviors, and achieve short-term behavioral goals. Study participants were 80 ethnically diverse homeless women between the ages of 18 and 23 years. Intervention participants had significant improvements in psychological capital, hope, resilience, and self-efficacy to refuse alcohol, social connectedness, and substance use ( p < .05). There was a significant group by time interaction for safe sex self-efficacy; intervention participants had greater self-confidence in negotiating safer sex practices than comparison participants. At the follow-up post-test, 82% of intervention participants who remained in the study had met or exceeded their short-term goals. This brief, street-based intervention was feasible and showed preliminary efficacy.
China's Economic Transition and the Value of Firms' Political Connections: A Longitudinal Study of Publicly Listed Firms

Economic transitions from state planning and redistribution to market exchange create many businesses opportunities. But such transitions also create great uncertainty because many interdependent factors – modes of exchange, types of products, and forms of organizations – are in flux. Uncertainty is even greater when political institutions remain authoritarian because then rule of law is weak and state bureaucrats retain considerable power over the economy. In such contexts, firms can reduce uncertainty by developing relationships with state bureaucrats, which help firms learn how state bureaucracies operate and engender trust between firms and bureaucrats. Together, knowledge and trust stabilize firms’ operations and help persuade bureaucrats to lighten regulatory burdens, grant access to state-controlled resources, and improve oversight. Therefore, in authoritarian regimes, as economic transitions proceed and uncertainty increases, business-state ties increasingly improve firm performance. We test this argument by studying China, which saw economic transition but persistent authoritarianism. We also investigate two likely contingencies (industry and firm size) and two important causal mechanisms (access to bank loans and protection from related-party loans). Empirical analysis supports most predictions, demonstrating the importance of dynamic analysis: the value of business-state relations varies over time, depending on the trajectory of both economic and political institutions.
A Hirshfeld interpretation of the charge, spin distribution and polarity of the dipole moment of the open shell $$(^3\sum{-})$$ phosphorus halides: PF and PCl

The charge, spin distribution and dipole moments of the open shell molecules PF and PCl have been analyzed using two variants of the Hirshfeld partitioning of the electronic density. In the HI or iterative Hirshfeld approach, one keeps the number of electrons on a given atom in the molecule and proto molecule equal and does not constrain the spin distribution in any way. In the spinadapted approach, one constrains both the charges and spins on the in situ and proatoms to be equal. We find that while allowing for both spin and charge equalization results in a spin distribution that is different from that of the conventional HI method, the behavior of the atomic spin populations as a function of internuclear separation is similar. Both methods predict that as the bond is formed, the halogen gains α and looses β electrons with the converse for P. These electron shifts are further broken down into their σ and π components and we find that while the a electrons gained by the halogen are essentially all in the σ system, they come from both the σ and π system of P. The β electrons gained by P occupy both σ and π densities, but come essentially from the π system on the halogen. The dipole moment curves are partitioned into their α and β components and showing that the dipole due to the σ spin density has the polarity P+X- while that due to the β spin density has the polarity P-X+, while the net dipole polarity at equilibrium is P+X-, consistent with the spin-dependent charge shifts described above.
Is it time for a HIPAA for physicians

Practices, hospitals, and healthcare systems are increasingly able to collect data about individual physician clinical performance. There is a strong temptation to use the data to make decisions about physicians' quality of care without first taking the time to establish a system that ensures valid conclusions. In addition, physicians are not informed that their data are being used, and thus do not have an opportunity to correct any inaccuracies. A HIPAA-equivalent law or regulation for physicians would help patients and physicians more accurately address these and other issues related to complex healthcare data. FERPA provides a useful framework for these concerns.
How things make things do things with words, or how to pay attention to what things have to say

ABSTRACTWhile organisational communication research has traditionally limited talk to human beings, a trend within the Montreal School (TMS) of the Communicational Constitution of Organizations (CCO) perspective acknowledges that ‘things do things with words’ as well, and criticises the ‘bifurcation of nature’ into two distinct realms: materiality and discourse. However, due to a preference for studying human discourse, many TMS studies still may give the impression that only human spokespeople can make objects talk. This paper uses data from an ethnographic case study to argue that CCO is well equipped to recognise that other sorts of objects may speak as well, and that they enter the realm of language through yet other objects (i.e. their ‘spokesthings’). In doing so, this paper advances an argument that will counter critiques of TMS scholarship that propose it reduces the role played by objects to their interpretation by humans.
Non-convulsive status epilepticus: an often-overlooked etiology of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion

Altered mental status is a common presenting complaint in adult medicine with a broad differential diagnosis. When found in the context of chronic medical conditions, less common etiologies can be overlooked. We present a case of acute altered mental status thought to be secondary to acute on chronic hyponatremia in the context of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH), eventually diagnosed as non-convulsive status epilepticus, partial type. We report the case of a 67-year-old patient with known SIADH of unknown etiology, hypertension, chronic pancreatitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who presented with fatigue, myalgia, decreased urine output. On presentation patient also had profound acute on chronic hyponatremia. During sodium correction, the patient developed an acute, progressive decline in mental status. Vital signs remained stable and workup including LP and MRI were negative. Initial electroencephalographic (EEG) showed no definitive seizure activity, but did show bifrontal focal continuous slowing. The patient’s mental status continued to decline and upon further evaluation it was suggested that the EEG findings and the patient’s progressive AMS could be compatible with non-convulsive status epilepticus. The patient received loading doses of IV lorazepam and levetiracetam and within 48 hours after initial treatment was back to baseline. Non-convulsive status epilepticus is a common, but heterogeneous subclass of status epilepticus that is difficult to diagnose. This case demonstrates the difficulty of diagnosing normalized corrected Shannon entropy (NCSE) in the context of other chronic medical conditions and the importance of including it on any differential diagnosis for acute change in mental status.
Life with one kidney

Life with a solitary functioning kidney (SFK) may be different from that when born with two kidneys. Based on the hyperfiltration hypothesis, a SFK may lead to glomerular damage with hypertension, albuminuria and progression towards end-stage renal disease. As the prognosis of kidney donors was considered to be very good, having a SFK has been considered to be a benign condition. In contrast, our research group has demonstrated that being born with or acquiring a SFK in childhood results in renal injury before adulthood in over 50% of those affected. Most congenital cases will be detected during antenatal ultrasound screening, but up to 38% of cases of unilateral renal agenesis are missed. In about 25-50% of cases of antenatally detected SFK there will be signs of hypertrophy, which could indicate additional nephron formation and is associated with a somewhat reduced risk of renal injury. Additional renal and extrarenal anomalies are frequently detected and may denote a genetic cause for the SFK, even though for the majority of cases no explanation can (yet) be found. The ongoing glomerular hyperfiltration results in renal injury, for which early markers are lacking. Individuals with SFK should avoid obesity and excessive salt intake to limit additional hyperfiltration. As conditions like hypertension, albuminuria and a mildly reduced glomerular filtration rate generally do not result in specific complaints but may pose a threat to long-term health, screening for renal injury in any individual with a SFK would appear to be imperative, starting from infancy. With early treatment, secondary consequences may be diminished, thereby providing the optimal life for anyone born with a SFK.
DISTRIBUTION COST ANALYSIS METHODOLOGIES, 1901–1941*

The attempt to develop cost analysis methodologies for the marketing function began at the turn of the century. Early attempts followed the pattern of factory cost analysis and progress was slow until the break-through in the years 1940–1941.
HIV: Not-so-innocent bystanders

A new mechanism to explain massive depletion of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infection despite the low frequency of productively infected cells involves innate immune sensing of HIV 1 by abortively infected “bystander” CD4+ T cells. The result is death of the bystander cells through an inflammatory process known as pyroptosis. These findings may provide long sought explanations for both CD4+ T cell depletion and HIV-associated inflammation. See Article on page X.
Una isla en un pequeño muñeco negro. El recorrido del significante Gorogó en Primera memoria de Ana María Matute

When we project an emotional charge onto an object, this turns into a thing that refers to ourselves, and allows the subject to know himself/herself better. In this study, the relationship between a black doll called Gorogo and the characters of Ana Maria Matute’s Primera Memoria will be analyzed in order to glimpse the signified that the signifier Gorogo acquires through its displacements. Following Lacan’s postulates, it is possible to determine three positions of the doll. When it remains hidden, it confers a certain protection to the protagonist. When it is revealed and enters in a relationship with the other characters, it causes an odd sensation (unheimlich), for being a thing that had to be kept unseen and that has been revealed. At the end, Gorogo stands out for his absence and reveals the temporal dimension of things, namely, the protagonist’s growth and the internal conflict that this entails.
MORE: an intelligent knowledge acquisition tool

MORE is a tool that assists in eliciting knowledge from domain experts. Acquired information is added to a domain model of qualitative causal relations that may hold among hypotheses, symptoms, and background conditions. After generating diagnostic rules from the domain model, MORE prompts for additional information that would allow a stronger set of diagnostic rules to be generated, MORE'S primary value lies in its understanding of what kinds of knowledge are likely to be diagnostically significant. By formulating its questions in a way that focuses on such knowledge, it makes the most effective use of the domain experts' time.
Vibrations of Lumped-Parameter Systems

This chapter presents an overview and a refresher on the linear vibration principles of lumped-parameters systems, which are used to model MEMS. Since most microstructures undergo some sort of vibratory motion, the information presented here are fundamental to the understanding of many key aspects of MEMS dynamical behavior. Also, some of the methods to extract the parameters needed to model MEMS devices and structures require knowledge in the principles of vibrations. In addition, this chapter serves as a good introduction to the more advanced topics of nonlinear oscillations that will be discussed in the following chapters. The principles of operation of some MEMS devices, including accelerometers, gyroscopes, and band-pass filters, will be discussed here.
Complexes of zirconium and hafnium in oxidation states 0 to II

This chapter reviews complexes of zirconium and hafnium in oxidation states 0 to +II. Corresponding to states +I and below, the bis(arene), sub-valent Zr arene, bipyridine, and biphosphinine complexes, and the 0 and sub-valent Zr and Hf carbonyl complexes are discussed. Corresponding to the oxidation state II, the π ligand-stabilized, bis(cyclopentadienyl) dinitrogen, and non-cyclopentadienyl dinitrogen, and pentadienyl complexes are reviewed. Zirconocene-mediated C--F activation and miscellaneous reduction chemistry of Zr are also discussed.
Comparison of Modern Rigid Fixation Plating Outcomes for Segmental Mandibular Microvascular Reconstruction.

Objectives/hypothesis New advances in osseous microvascular mandibular rigid fixation are being employed at many institutions. These include standardized prebent/preformed reconstruction plates as well as computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) custom plates that are patient specific. Our goal was to assess and compare the outcomes of both of these new technologies when utilized for mandibular microvascular reconstruction. Study design Retrospective chart review. Methods Subjects were categorized into two groups according to their mandibular rigid fixation technique: group 1 = prebent/preformed plates and group 2 = CAD/CAM custom plates. Primary outcome measures were 1) perioperative complications (defined as deep tissue infection, wound dehiscence resulting in bone exposure, and/or plate exposure) and 2) reoperation rates for mandibular hardware failure/explantation. Statistical analysis consisted of χ2 , Fisher exact test, and multivariable regression models. Results A total of 142 subjects underwent microvascular mandibular reconstruction in a 6-year period. Eighty-nine subjects utilized prebent/preformed plates, and 53 employed CAD/CAM custom plates. Perioperative complications occurred in 32 of 89 (35.9%) subjects with prebent/preformed plates and 11 of 53 (20.7%) subjects using CAD/CAM custom plates. Reoperation requiring hardware explantation occurred in 18 of 89 (20.2%) subjects and three of 53 (5.6%) using CAD/CAM custom plates. Statistical comparison of perioperative complications between the two groups approached significance (P = .0556), and the rate of reoperation was significant favoring CAD/CAM implants (P = .0180). Conclusions In our experience, CAD/CAM custom plates utilized for rigid fixation during microvascular mandibular reconstruction demonstrated fewer complications and statistically lower reoperation rates when compared with prebent/preformed plates. Level of evidence 2c Laryngoscope, 129:1081-1086, 2019.
Revitalizing Aging Skin through Diet

Mechanisms underlying aging of the skin dermis are poorly understood. Now, two studies (Marsh et al., 2018; Salzer et al., 2018) describe complementary approaches to this question: Salzer et al. show that aging dermal fibroblasts lose defined identity in a diet-influenced fashion, and Marsh et al. reveal that fibroblast loss over time is compensated by membrane expansion rather than proliferation, resulting in decreased cellular density.