cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 17472: Impact of Do-Not-Resuscitate Status on Hospital Risk-adjusted Mortality for Heart Failure

Introduction: Risk-adjusted mortality following heart failure hospitalization is used by payers to adjust reimbursement and incentivize improvements. This risk-adjusted measure does not account for variation in hospital rates of do not resuscitate (DNR) on admission, which may impact measure validity. Methods: California Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project data identifies patients with DNR within 24 hours of admission. We included all adults admitted with primary diagnosis of heart failure during 2011. We determined hospital-level in-hospital mortality, before and after accounting for admission DNR, from hierarchical logistic regression adjusting for Hierarchical Clinical Condition variables. We generated hospital risk-adjusted Predicted-to-Expected mortality ratios (P/E ratios). We determined the effect of accounting for DNR on patient-level mortality risk, and on changes in hospital P/E ratio quartiles. Results: Among 55,865 hospitalized heart failure patients at 290 hospitals, the overall DNR rate was 12.1% (6,755). Median hospital DNR rate was 8.7% (IQR 3.9% to 20.0%). Median hospital mortality rate was 2.9% (IQR 1.8 - 4.1). At the patient-level, DNR status was associated with increased in-hospital mortality (OR 3.50, 95% CI 3.11 - 3.94, p Conclusion: DNR on admission rates vary widely between hospitals and DNR predicts in-hospital mortality. Adjustment for DNR alters hospital risk-adjusted mortality classification and may be useful for risk-adjusted mortality measures.
Accounts of False Memory Syndrome: Parents, “Retractors,” and the Role of Institutions in Account Making

There have been two traditions of research under the concept of accounts. One tradition, the social interactionist, has focused on the interactional use of accounts by individuals to neutralize negative evaluations of questionable acts or their consequences and restore social equilibrium. The second tradition, the social psychological, has focused on the autobiographical and explanatory use of accounts to create and organize meaning for troubling or stressful life events. In both traditions, scholars have been almost exclusively concerned with the individual-level functions of accounts. Analyzing the institutional origins of false memory syndrome and the retractor account episodes in which it is used, I argue for the expansion of accounts research to include the role of institutions and collective actors in the production of new account frameworks. Further, I argue that the conceptualizations of accounts in the two traditions of research can be effectively combined in a way that is sociologically stronger than either alone.
Comparison of Single-Dose and Steady-State Nadolol Plasma Concentrations

The pharmacokinetics of nadolol have been previously reported to be linear between single and steady-state dosing. Data from a study in our laboratory suggested greater than expected beta-blockade with nadolol at steady state. Because the early potency studies were single-dose studies, we hypothesized there was a nonlinearity in nadolol pharmacokinetics which produced higher than expected plasma concentrations at steady state. Six normal volunteers from the previous study (steady state) volunteered to participate in the single-dose study. Plasma concentrations were determined for 24 hr following a single dose of nadolol, 80 mg. A simple, inexpensive, and accurate method for determination of nadolol in plasma or serum by HPLC with fluorometric detection is described. The AUC0-tau at steady state was greater than the AUC0-infinity following a single dose in five of the six subjects. The mean ratio of AUCss/AUCsd was 2.54. This value would be unity in the presence of linear pharmacokinetics. We conclude that the principle of superposition is not applicable for nadolol.
Identifying Audiences and Messages for Nonformal Environmental Education– a Theoretical Framework for Interpreters:

This paper outlines a theoretically driven approach to identifying strategic audiences for nonformal environmental education and communication efforts, and offers a rationale for determining messag...
Expression of the iron-responsive irpA gene from the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp strain PCC 7942.

Expression of the iron-stress-induced irpA gene of Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 was investigated by constructing luminescent pirpA::luxAB promoter fusions. Growth of Fe-replete and Fe-limited cultures yielded high levels of luminescence only under conditions of iron deficiency. Promoter fusion deletions revealed that low Fe irpA transcription is dependent on a 25-nucleotide sequence that includes a region of dyad symmetry centered 19 nucleotides from the transcription start. Assaying luminescence at defined iron concentrations in trace-metal-buffered media showed that irpA transcription is activated at concentrations below 100 nm Fe. Overall, the expression pattern and promoter structure of irpA suggests a novel form of metal-dependent regulation in this species.
Mechanical spectral hole burning of an entangled polymer solution in the stress-controlled domain.

Nonresonant spectral hole burning has proven to be a versatile method to characterize the dynamics of complex fluids, including polymers. Early work focused on dielectric susceptibility measurements in glass forming liquids, while recent work from our lab used mechanical viscoelastic measurements to investigate polymer melts and solutions. While the observed results were similar, the interpretations were different, with the former being interpreted by attributing the ``holes'' in the response as being due to dynamic heterogeneity in the system that is related to the glass or other transition, while the latter was interpreted in a way that suggested that the observed holes depend on the type of dynamics (Rouse, terminal, etc.) rather than an identifiable spatial heterogeneity. In this work, we have expanded mechanical spectral hole burning (MSHB) into the stress-controlled domain and carried out experiments in the rubbery regime of a polystyrene solution, similar to one which was tested previously with strain-controlled MSHB. The effects of pump stress amplitude, pump frequency, and waiting time were investigated. The mechanical holes in both directions (vertical and horizontal) were successfully burned, unlike the strain-controlled MSHB experiments on the same polystyrene solution, in which vertical holes were at best incomplete. The hole intensity exhibits a linear relationship with the amount of energy dissipated in the system during the large mechanical pump modification. The results suggest that the stress-controlled MSHB can be combined with strain-controlled MSHB to build a more complete framework to investigate the dynamics of polymeric materials and is consistent with the dynamic heterogeneity being related to the type of dynamics rather than to localized heating effects.
High-resolution QSM for functional and structural depiction of subthalamic nuclei in DBS presurgical mapping.

OBJECTIVEFaithful depiction of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is critical for planning deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been shown to be superior to traditional T2-weighted spin echo imaging (T2w). The aim of the study was to describe submillimeter QSM for preoperative imaging of the STN in planning of DBS.METHODSSeven healthy volunteers were included in this study. T2w and QSM were obtained for all healthy volunteers, and images of different resolutions were reconstructed. Image quality and visibility of STN anatomical features were analyzed by a radiologist using a 5-point scale, and contrast properties of the STN and surrounding tissue were calculated. Additionally, data from 10 retrospectively and randomly selected PD patients who underwent 3-T MRI for DBS were analyzed for STN size and susceptibility gradient measurements.RESULTSHigher contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) values were observed in both high-resolution ...
Natalizumab versus fingolimod and dimethyl fumarate in multiple sclerosis treatment

Objective To compare 2-year effectiveness and discontinuation of natalizumab (NTZ) versus fingolimod (FTY) and dimethyl fumarate (DMF) in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods Patients prescribed NTZ, FTY, or DMF at the Rocky Mountain MS Center at University of Colorado were identified. Clinician-reported data were retrospectively collected. Outcomes include a composite effectiveness measure consisting of new T2 lesion, gadolinium-enhancing lesion, and/or clinical relapse, individual effectiveness outcomes and discontinuation over 2 years. Logistic regression was used for data analysis on patients matched by propensity scores and using ATT doubly robust weighting estimator. Results A total of 451, 271, and 342 patients were evaluated on NTZ, FTY, and DMF over 2 years, respectively. Patients had a mean age of 39.8 (NTZ), 42.5(FTY), and 45.8 (DMF) years; were predominantly female (76.7% NTZ; 72.0% FTY; 69.6% DMF); and had a mean MS disease duration of 11-12 years for all groups. At ≤24 months, 22.2%, 34.7%, and 33.6% experienced a new T2 lesion, gadolinium-enhancing lesion, and/or clinical relapse on NTZ, FTY, and DMF, respectively. Using ATT doubly robust weighting estimator, FTY versus NTZ and DMF versus NTZ had an odds ratio of 2.00 (95%CI:[1.41-2.85], P < 0.001) and 2.38 [95% CI: 1.68-3.37], P < 0.001) respectively, for experiencing a new T2 lesion, gadolinium enhancing lesion, and/or clinical relapse. At ≤24 months, 32.6%, 34.3%, and 47.1% discontinued NTZ, FTY, and DMF, respectively. The majority of discontinuations were due to becoming JCV positive(12.6%) for NTZ and due to adverse events for both FTY(17%) and DMF(24.0%). Interpretation NTZ appears to be more effective and tolerable than FTY and DMF.
Antiferromagnetic stacking of ferromagnetic layers and doping-controlled phase competition in Ca 1 − x Sr x Co 2 − y As 2

In search of a quantum phase transition between the two-dimensional ($2\mathrm{D}$) ferromagnetism of ${\mathrm{CaCo}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ and stripe-type antiferromagnetism in ${\mathrm{SrCo}}_{2}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$, we instead find evidence for $1\mathrm{D}$ magnetic frustration between magnetic square Co layers. We present neutron-diffraction data for ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{x}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{As}}_{2}$ that reveal a sequence of $x$-dependent magnetic transitions which involve different stacking of $2\mathrm{D}$ ferromagnetically aligned layers with different magnetic anisotropy. We explain the $x$-dependent changes to the magnetic order by utilizing classical analytical calculations of a $1\mathrm{D}$ Heisenberg model where single-ion magnetic anisotropy and frustration of antiferromagnetic nearest- and next-nearest-layer exchange interactions are all composition dependent.
Impact of Wi-Fi Transmissions on C-V2X Performance

The 5.9 GHz band has been earmarked in many countries for Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) applications. Cellular V2X (C-V2X)—a recently developed access technology for vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications—is a candidate technology to provision ITS applications using the 5.9 GHz band. Due to the ever-increasing popularity of Wi-Fi and search for additional unlicensed bands, in the US and Europe, regional regulators have previously considered allowing co-channel Wi-Fi operations in the ITS band on a secondary basis to the incumbent ITS technology. Additionally, there are several Wi-Fi channel configurations, some already in operation while others still under consideration, which place Wi-Fi and C-V2X devices in adjacent bands. It is, therefore, likely that CV2X users may be susceptible to interference from Wi-Fi devices operating both in co-channel scenarios and in adjacent bands. To make an informed decision on future Wi-Fi channelization in and around the ITS band, a detailed study on the impact of these Wi-Fi transmissions on the system performance of C-V2X is extremely essential. In this paper, through a comprehensive and systematic simulation study, we investigate the impact of Wi-Fi transmissions on the performance of C-V2X, both in co-channel and adjacent channel scenarios. Our simulations reveal that if Wi-Fi devices are to coexist with C-V2X in the same spectrum, existing mechanisms either fall short of sufficiently protecting C-V2X performance or render the spectrum unusable for Wi-Fi operations. On the other hand, all Wi-Fi channels that are adjacent to the ITS band can significantly degrade the system-wide C-V2X performance. In such scenarios, to adequately protect the C-V2X network performance, either certain restrictions need to be put in place on Wi-Fi operations, or the operations of Wi-Fi in such channels must be prohibited.
Whole-exome analysis of metaplastic breast carcinomas with extensive osseous differentiation.

AIMS Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare type of triple-negative breast cancer that shows vast histological and genetic heterogeneity. Osseous differentiation can be found in different subtypes of MBC. Whether MBCs with osseous differentiation are underpinned by specific genetic alterations has yet to be defined. The aim of this study was to investigate the repertoire of somatic mutations and copy number alterations (CNAs) in three MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Tumour and normal DNA samples from three MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation were subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Somatic mutations, CNAs and mutational signatures were determined by use of a validated bioinformatics pipeline. Our analyses revealed clonal TP53 hotspot mutations associated with loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele coupled with mutations affecting genes related to the Wnt and/or the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in all cases analysed. All cases showed a dominant mutational signature 1, with two cases showing a secondary signature 3 in addition to other features of homologous recombination DNA repair defects. The oncostatin M receptor gene, which plays a role in mesenchymal differentiation and bone formation, was found to be mutated in two MBCs with extensive osseous differentiation and in none of 35 previously published 35 MBCs. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that MBCs with osseous differentiation have somatic mutations similar to those of other forms of MBC.
A Pilot Project for Services to Visually Handicapped in Indonesia

Describes a pilot project in Indonesia to counsel parents of potential and actual visually impaired children. Volunteer community residents, in conjunction with social workers and medical personnel...
Exploring Relationships among Social Norms, Aesthetics, and HOA Regulations and Water Conservation

In the United States, landscape irrigation often consumes 50% or more of residential water used, and aesthetics may take preference over water-conserving elements in the landscape. Other factors such as perceived social norms and homeowners' association (HOA) regulations also impact water conservation behaviors. Binary logistic regression estimated the impact of aesthetics, perceived social norms, and HOA regulations on water conservation intentions. Findings revealed that when individuals placed a higher-than-average value on aesthetics and perceived stronger social support for conservation, home irrigation users had greater intent to conserve water. This new 4-page publication of the UF/IFAS Department of Agricultural Education and Communication was written by Amanda D. Ali and Laura A. Sanagorski Warner. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/wc331
Discussion of “Audit Firm Assessments of Cyber-Security Risk: Evidence from Audit Fees and SEC Comment Letters”

The study by Rosati, Gogolin, and Lynn (in this issue) examines the impact of cyber-security incidents on audit fees. Using audit fee as a proxy for audit effort and risk, it takes 168 cyber-securi...
Structural properties, thicknesses, and qualities of plutonium oxide thin films prepared by polymer assisted deposition

Abstract Phase purity, morphology, and defect structures on plutonium oxide surfaces likely influence reactivity of plutonium, and high quality PuO2 crystalline substrates are needed to probe the effects of these properties on a model plutonium oxide surface. Indeed, different thin film thicknesses are required for conducting the range of state-of-the-art measurements available for studying these surfaces. In this Article, modification of a polymer-assisted deposition method is employed to grow various film thicknesses of PuO2 on yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates, and measurements are carried out to characterize these films. Phase purity and epitaxial qualities of the films are assessed using thin film X-ray diffraction analysis, and the first Grazing Incidence Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure measurements carried out on a PuO2 thin film are reported, providing information about the short-range order of the lattice structure. Elemental purity is measured via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thicknesses and densities of the films are evaluated using neutron reflectivity, revealing that phase-pure PuO2 thin films of high epitaxial quality are formed. Micro-Raman spectroscopy suggests development of structural agglomerates of PuO2 on the surfaces, likely resulting from defects in the lattice match between the PuO2 film and the YSZ substrate.
Melanocyte Precursors in the Hair Follicle Bulge of Repigmented Vitiligo Skin Are Controlled by RHO-GTPase, KCTD10, and CTNNB1 Signaling

In repigmentation of human vitiligo, the melanocyte (MC) precursors in the hair follicle bulge proliferate, migrate, and differentiate to repopulate the depigmented epidermis. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of pathways and signals in the bulge that control the repigmentation process. Using biopsies from patients with vitiligo, we have selectively harvested, by laser capture microdissection, MC and keratinocyte precursors from the hair follicle bulge of untreated vitiligo skin and vitiligo skin treated with narrow-band UVB. The captured material was subjected to whole transcriptome RNA-sequencing. With this strategy, we found that repigmentation in the bulge MC precursors is driven by KCTD10, a signal with unknown roles in the skin, and CTNNB1 (encoding β-catenin) and RHO guanosine triphosphatase [RHO GTPase, RHO], two signaling pathways previously shown to be involved in pigmentation biology. Knockdown studies in cultured human MCs of RHOJ, the upmost differentially expressed RHO family component, corroborated with our findings in patients with vitiligo, identified RHOJ involvement in UV response and melanization, and confirmed previously identified roles in melanocytic cell migration and apoptosis. A better understanding of mechanisms that govern repigmentation in MC precursors will enable the discovery of molecules that induce robust repigmentation phenotypes in vitiligo.
Rates of COVID-19-Related Outcomes in Cancer Compared With Noncancer Patients

Cancer patients are a vulnerable population postulated to be at higher risk for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection Increased COVID-19 morbidity and mortality in cancer patients may be attributable to age, comorbidities, smoking, healthcare exposure, and cancer treatments, and partially to the cancer itself Most studies to date have focused on hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19, thereby limiting the generalizability and interpretability of the association between cancer and COVID-19 severity We compared outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 323 patients enrolled in a population-based study prior to the pandemic (n = 67 cancer patients;n = 256 non-cancer patients) After adjusting for demographics, smoking status, and comorbidities, a diagnosis of cancer was independently associated with higher odds of hospitalization (odds ratio = 2 16, 95% confidence interval = 1 12 to 4 18) and 30-day mortality (odds ratio = 5 67, 95% confidence interval = 1 49 to 21 59) These associations were primarily driven by patients with active cancer These results emphasize the critical importance of preventing SARS-CoV-2 exposure and mitigating infection in cancer patients
The Hawaii K-Band Galaxy Survey. II. Bright K-band Imaging

We present the results of a wide-field K-selected galaxy survey with complementary optical I- and B-band imaging in six fields with a total coverage of 9.8 square degrees. This survey establishes the bright-end K-band galaxy number counts in the magnitude range 13<K<16 with high precision. We find that our bright-end counts have a significantly steeper slope than the prediction of a no-evolution model, which cannot be accounted for by known observational or theoretical error. We also argue against the likelihood of sufficient evolution at such low redshifts to account for this effect, we describe an alternative picture in which there is a local deficiency of galaxies by a factor of 2 on scale sizes of around 300 Mpc. Taken at face value, this would imply that local measurements of \Omega_0 underestimate the true value of the cosmological mass density by this factor and that local measurements of $H_0$ could be high by as much as 33%.
Use of a Cow-side Antibiotic Susceptibility Test to Predict Gram Staining Characteristics of Clinical Mastitis Pathogens of Dairy Cattle

Gram-staining characteristics of mastitis pathogens are an important consideration when developing mastitis treatment protocols. Rapid identification of clinical episodes due to gram-negative pathogens could reduce the use of intramammary mastitis (IMM) treatments with poor efficacy, while ensuring treatment of environmental streptococci infections. The objective of this study was to determine if the MASTiK® cow-side antibiotic susceptibility test could be used to predict whether a clinical mastitis episode was caused by a gram-negative pathogen, based on the susceptibility pattern obtained from the test, with the assumption that gram-negative clinical mastitis would not be treated with intramammary antibiotics.
Human umbilical cord blood infusions in management of autism spectrum disorder: Narrative review

Introduction According to CDC’s Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network surveillance in 2016, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was prevalent in 1 in 54 children in 11 states of the US. Objectives This systematic review provides an overview of Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion (UCB) to decrease symptoms severity in children with (ASD). Methods Systematic literature search was conducted using “Autism” OR “Autism spectrum disorder” AND “Autologous Umbilical Cord Blood Infusion (AUCBI)” OR “umbilical cord blood” OR “Allogeneic Cord Blood” in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO. Three studies were qualified on AUCBI. Results We found 3 studies on UCBI The UCB Infusion phase-I/ open-label trial showed significant improvement in cognitive and behavior scales, especially in the social domain in the first six months, and was more significant in children with higher baseline nonverbal intelligence quotients. Other study/phase II trial failed to show any effects of UCBI on social communication, vocabulary, and other autism symptoms. On subgroup analysis, the improvement in Clinical Global Impression - Improvement (CGI-I) in children without intellectual disability (ID) with the allogenic (not autologous) UCBI was observed. Another randomized, blinded crossover trial failed to show any difference between improvements in CGI baseline severity scores in placebo vs. cord blood infusion groups. Conclusions The data provides evidence to support the efficacy and safety of autologous UCBI in symptom severity reductions and improved clinical outcomes without intellectual disability. However, the evidence is inadequate and future large scale clinical are required.
Soviet Historiography of Knowledge

Because of the basic question of all philosophy, the history of knowledge plays an inordinately large part in contemporary Soviet historiography of philosophy. This means that past and present philosophers and philosophies are judged primarily or even exclusively on the basis of their philosophical explanation of knowledge. In this chapter we take up the question of knowledge in the history of philosophy in its broad outlines and compare it to the contemporary Soviet version on the same men and philosophical events.
Maternal Antisocial Behavior, Parenting Practices, and Behavior Problems in Boys at Risk for Antisocial Behavior

We investigated the independent contributions of maternal history of antisocial behavior and parenting practices to the worsening course of sons' behavior problems in a sample of young urban boys at risk for antisocial behavior. Mothers reported on boys' behavior problems at baseline and one year later, as well as on their own history of antisocial behavior before and after age 15, and of lifetime depression and substance use disorders (provisional DSM-III-R diagnoses). Baseline reports of parenting practices were obtained. Lower involvement, lower monitoring, and higher levels of parent–child conflict and maternal Conduct Disorder (CD) before age 15 contributed to the worsening of boys' behavior problems one year later; mothers' symptoms of Antisocial Personality Disorder after age 15 did not. Mothers' lifetime history of Major Depression and Substance Use Disorder did not add to the worsening of boys' behavior problems after accounting for these other factors. Although maternal CD contributed directly to the worsening of boys' behavior problems, the effect of parenting was more substantial. We discuss clinical implications for prevention and treatment of children's antisocial behavior, and intergenerational implications of girls' early antisocial behavior.
Austausch komplexer Datenbank-Objekte in einer heterogenen Workstation-Server-Umgebung

Das Kernproblem beim Austausch komplexer Datenbank-Objekte in einer heterogenen Workstation-Server-Umgebung bildet die Darstellung der zwischen den Kommunikationspartnern auszutauschenden Daten. Dazu werden unter Berucksichtigung der Normierungsvorschlage von ISO (International Organization for Standardization) und CCITT (Comite Consultatif International Telephonique et Telegraphique) bezuglich der Darstellungsschicht 6 (Presentation Layer) im OSI-7-Schichten-Modell am Beispiel des Non-Standard-Datenbanksystems AIM-P Losungsmoglichkeiten untersucht. Schlieslich wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, das basierend auf der Datenbeschreibungssprache ASN. 1 (Abstract Syntax Notation One) einen anwendungsneutralen Datenaustausch ermoglicht und somit auch einen Zugang von Nicht-AIM-P-Workstations auf AIM-P-Server eroffnet.
Papain-Treated Globulins in Specific and Cross-Reacting Immunofluorescent Staining

Abstract Jones, Wallis L. (Communicable Disease Center, Atlanta, Ga.), and J. W. Foster. Papain-treated globulins in specific and cross-reacting immunofluorescent staining. J. Bacteriol. 91:984–986. 1966.—Cross-reaction staining with preimmune and specific fluorescein conjugates to Corynebacterium diphtheriae was studied by use of papain-treated antisera. Enzyme-treated antisera were labeled and chromatographically separated into three fractions. Fractions were tested by both direct and inhibition fluorescent-antibody procedures. The cross-reaction staining was found in all three fractions, whereas specific staining was found in only two fractions.
Software architecture issues in scientific component development

Commercial component-based software engineering practices, such as the CORBA component model, Enterprise JavaBeans, and COM, are well-established in the business computing community. These practices present an approach for managing the increasing complexity of scientific software development, which has motivated the Common Component Architecture (CCA), a component specification targeted at high-performance scientific application development. The CCA is an approach to component development that is minimal in terms of the complexity of component interface requirements and imposes a minimal performance penalty. While this lightweight specification has enabled the development of a number of high-performance scientific components in several domains, the software design process for developing component-based scientific codes is not yet well defined. This fact, coupled with the fact that component-based approaches are still new to the scientific community, may lead to an ad hoc design process, potentially resulting in code that is harder to maintain, extend, and test and may negatively affect performance. We explore some concepts and approaches based on widely accepted software architecture design principles and discuss their potential application in the development of high-performance scientific component applications. We particularly emphasize those principles and approaches that contribute to making CCA-based applications easier to design, implement, and maintain, as well as enabling dynamic adaptivity with the goal of maximizing performance.
Mixed lineage leukemia: histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases from yeast to human

The fourth lysine of histone H3 is post-translationally modified by a methyl group via the action of histone methyltransferase, and such a covalent modification is associated with transcriptionally active and/or repressed chromatin states. Thus, histone H3 lysine 4 methylation has a crucial role in maintaining normal cellular functions. In fact, misregulation of this covalent modification has been implicated in various types of cancer and other diseases. Therefore, a large number of studies over recent years have been directed towards histone H3 lysine 4 methylation and the enzymes involved in this covalent modification in eukaryotes ranging from yeast to human. These studies revealed a set of histone H3 lysine 4 methyltransferases with important cellular functions in different eukaryotes, as discussed here.
Perennial ponds are not an important source of water or dissolved organic matter to groundwaters with high arsenic concentrations in West Bengal, India

excess of 4600 m gk g −1 . Stable isotope ratios of waters from constructed, perennial ponds indicate the ponds are chiefly recharged during the summer monsoon, and subsequently undergo extensive evaporation during the dry (winter) season. In contrast, groundwaters with high As concentrations plot along the local meteoric water line (LMWL) near where the annual, volume‐weighted mean precipitation values for d 2 Ha ndd 18 O would plot. The stable isotope data demonstrate that groundwaters are directly recharged by local precipitation without significant evaporation, and thus are not recharged by, nor mixed with, the pond waters. Furthermore, reactive transport modeling indicates that dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from pond waters does not fuel microbial respiration and As mobilization at depth in the underlying aquifer because travel times for pond‐derived DOM exceed groundwater ages by thousands of years. Instead, organic matter within the aquifer sediments must drive dissimilatory iron reduction and As release to groundwaters. Citation: Datta, S., A. W. Neal, T. J. Mohajerin, T. Ocheltree, B. E. Rosenheim, C. D. White, and K. H. Johannesson (2011), Perennial ponds are not an important source of water or dissolved organic matter to groundwaters with high arsenic concentrations in West Bengal, India, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38, L20404, doi:10.1029/2011GL049301.
OM Mutations in DROSOPHILA ANANASSAE Are Linked to Insertions of a Transposable Element.

ABSTRACT It has been hypothesized that Om mutability in Drosophila ananassae (involving spontaneous mutation at 20 loci, resulting in semidominant, nonpleiotropic eye morphology defects) was due to insertion of a transposable element, tom . One particularly unstable Χ -linked Om allele produced several derivatives, one of which has a more extreme Om phenotype and was accompanied by a singed bristle mutant, sn 9g . DNA probes from the sn locus of D. melanogaster were used to clone the homologous region of D. ananassae . Analysis of sn 9g DNA detected a 6.5-kb insert. Genomic Southern blotting and in situ hybridization techniques showed that this insert is repetitive and dispersed. The existence of the tom element is supported by genetic mapping that established homology between the 6.5-kb sn 9g insert and Om mutants at the four Χ -linked loci tested.
Nicholas Wade and Race: Building a Scientific Façade

Review of A Troublesome Inheritance: Genes, Race and Human History, by Nicholas Wade. New York: Penguin Press, 2013. x + 278 pp. 978-1-5942-0446-3 (hardcover). US $27.95.
Adaptive scheme for Internet video transmission

Video streaming over the Internet is a growing user demand. Transmission of compressed video over the best effort Internet will inevitably result in serious degradations in video quality. In order to alleviate this effect, MPEG-4, the latest video standard, provides a number of error-resilient tools as well as the Fine Granularity Scalability (FGS) that adapts to the varying bit rates. Unfortunately, Error-resilient tools are not efficient when channel loss is high while FGS coding overhead is significant for low bandwidth channels. To guarantee better image quality during transmission, we propose an adaptive scheme that alternates between two different coding schemes depending on the channel status and underlying visual content. Furthermore, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network is designed to provide an on-line decision mechanism with 86% accuracy. Experimental results suggest that our approach can achieve a superior video quality for a wide range of packet loss and video content.
Admiral John A. B. Dahlgren (1809–1870): His life, times and technical work in U.S. naval ordnance

Abstract John Dahlgren served in the U.S. Navy for nearly 35 years, sometimes in a sea-keeping capacity but mostly developing large naval artillery. To-day, his name, when recognised by students of naval ordnance, is associated with teh Dahlgren or ‘soda bottle shaped’ gun of 9 to 11 inch calibre. He designed, developed and lived to see his guns installed aboard warships and used to considerable effect, especially in the American Civil War. However, a nearly indistinguishable external design of gun was developed for the Army by T. J. Rodman, an officer now even less known than Dahlgren and whose researches and contributions are virtually forgotten. This paper and that in Ref. [1] attempt to appreciate (along with other technical questions of the period) the different ways pursued by these men towards the final development of the ‘soda bottle shaped’ gun, though it is a matter still not entirely understood. Both names are totally omitted from several ‘classic’ books on artillery and this is a grave misfortune. Besides trying to throw factual light on the Dahlgren-Rodman controversy and the priority issue (though not one pursued with acrimony by the men themselves at the time), the paper describes Admiral Dahlgren's general career, the books he wrote, the technical problems he attacked and the problematic ordnance discussions of his day, to which he gave his life. The work of Dahlgren and Rodman, in particular, saw the elevation of American gun design from the level of mere copying (of early Columbiads in the first decades of the century) to that which compelled attention from, and study by, the super-powers of the day, Great Britain, France and Russia.
Lipolysis in elderly postmenopansal women

Abstract The rate of fat oxidation at rest decreases with age in women. The mechanisms for this decrease are not clear. Theoretically, a decrease in the availability of fatty acids could explain the decline in fat oxidation. In consequence, the in vivo rate of production of fatty acids as a proxy for lipolysis was measured in 21 healthy women. Eleven of the volunteers were elderly (>65 years) and 10 were young ( .1). When lipolysis was adjusted for the differences in fat-free mass using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), rates were slightly increased in the elderly group (626 ± 80 μmol/min) and decreased in the young group (578 ± 84 μmol/min), but remained nonstatistically significant. It is concluded that mecahnisms other than lipolysis must explain the decrease of fat oxidation in aging women, ie, a decrease in the capacity of muscle to oxidize fat and/or a decrease in its capacity for transport of long-chain fatty acids.
Simple Procedures for Calculating Confidence Intervals around the Sample Mean and Exceedance Fraction Derived from Lognormally Distributed Data

Abstract The determination that a work environment is acceptable or unacceptable is often based upon the calculation of the mean exposure and/or exceedance fraction [i.e., the fraction of measurements expected to exceed an occupational exposure limit (OEL)] for an employee or exposure group. The purpose of this article is to introduce simplified procedures for calculating accurate estimates of the 95 percent lower confidence limit (LCL) and 95 percent upper confidence limit (UCL) for (1) the sample arithmetic mean and (2) the sample exceedance fraction for lognormally distributed exposure data. The procedure for the arithmetic mean is adapted from Land's procedure for calculating exact confidence intervals around the mean of lognormally distributed data. The procedure for the exceedance fraction is based on the Odeh and Owen confidence limits for a proportion in one tail of the normal distribution. Both procedures are graphically based and require no hard-to-find references. The two 95 percent confidence ...
Translation And Competition Among Internal Representations In A Reverse Stroop Effect

In two experiments, the contributions of internal and external competition in a task known to produce a reverse Stroop effect were investigated. In this paradigm, the verbal meaning of an incongruent Stroop stimulus is identified by pointing to a patch of matching color—a task made difficult by the incongruent print color. The experiments showed that there was somewhat more interference when the (irrelevant) color in which the target word was printed was available as an alternate response patch than when it was not. However, significantly more interference was determined by whether the (irrelevant) print color belonged to the set of colors actually used as target words in the course of the experiment. Moreover, the same patterns of interference emerged when the task was altered so that the mere presence of the correct color had to be indicated with a keypress, rather than by pointing to the color’s location. Consistent with translation models of Stroop interference, these results demonstrate the theoretical importance of competition among internal representations, rather than among stimuli or responses.
Fuzzy ontologies: The state of the art

Ontologies play a central role in the Semantic Web. Much research has focused on extending ontologies and Semantic Web technologies to handle uncertain information. This paper provides a review of recent approaches for extending ontologies to fuzzy ontologies. Some approaches have been developed for application specific purposes, for example for information retrieval and search on the Semantic Web and are not formally relying on current Semantic Web technologies such as standard web ontology languages and tools such as ontology editors or reasoners. Other approaches emphasize developing methods to extend Semantic Web standard technologies with fuzzy logic and fuzzy reasoning.
The Pharmacology of Tramadol

(+/-)-Tramadol is a central analgesic with low affinity for opioid receptors. The rate of production of its M1 metabolite (O-demethyl tramadol) is influenced by debrisoquine-type polymorphism, and this metabolite shows a higher affinity for opioid receptors than the parent drug. Experimental and clinical data suggest that tramadol may also exert its analgesic effect through direct modulation of central monaminergic pathways. Indeed, after a single oral dose, the role of the mu-receptor agonist component of the antinociceptive effect of tramadol appears to be minor, with most of the analgesic effect being attributable to nonopioid properties of the parent compound. Approximately 2-fold accumulation of the parent compound and the M1 metabolite may be expected during multiple dose treatment. The duration of analgesic effect after a single oral dose of tramadol 100 mg is about 6 hours. Clinical experience has confirmed that tramadol is an effective and relatively safe analgesic that may be of value in several pain conditions not requiring treatment with strong opioids.
A simulation of inertial oscillation in drifting pack ice

Abstract A simple model for simulating the motion of pack ice during periods of energetic inertial oscillation is developed by writing an integrated momentum equation for the ice and upper ocean driven by surface wind stress. Damping is provided by a term proportional to the component of mass transport parallel to wind stress, which is a measure of the departure from a steady-state balance of wind stress and Coriolis force. Oceanic boundary-layer transport is taken to be proportional to the square of the surface velocity on the basis of extensive current measurements made under drifting ice, providing a relationship between ice velocity and total transport. Ice drift velocities measured at AIDJEX stations during the summer of 1975 are simulated with some success using measured local winds. A simple superposition of waves generated at the corners of the triangular array of stations is considered and it is shown that at times the waves are coherent across the 150 km array and at other times there is considerable interference at lesser scales. The importance of the motions for the production of new ice is briefly discussed.
Magnetic high-resolution spectroscopy with Beamline 4.0.1-2: an elliptically polarizing undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source

Abstract A new facility at the Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, for high resolution magnetic spectroscopy is described. Scheduled to begin operation by the end of 1998, Beamline 4.0.1-2 has an elliptically polarizing undulator (EPU) and a high resolution monochromator, covering the energy range from 90 to 2000 eV. Calculated performance of the undulator and monochromator are presented, including the estimated photon flux from the undulator and the expected spectral resolution of the monochromator.
Diverse Biological Functions of Extracellular Collagen Processing Enzymes

Collagens are abundant proteins in higher organisms, and are formed by a complex biosynthetic pathway involving intracellular and extracellular post-translational modifications. Starting from simple soluble precursors, this interesting pathway produces insoluble functional fibrillar and non-fibrillar elements of the extracellular matrix. The present review highlights recent progress and new insights into biological regulation of extracellular procollagen processing, and some novel functions of byproducts of these extracellular enzymatic transformations. These findings underscore the notion that released pro-peptides and other proteolytic products of extracellular matrix proteins have important biological functions, and that structural proteins are multifunctional. An emerging concept is that a dynamic interplay exists between extracellular products and byproducts with cells that helps to maintain normal cellular phenotypes and tissue integrity.
Legal Constraints on the Use of Race in Biomedical Research: Toward a Social Justice Framework

The scientific validity of racial categories has been the subject of debate among population geneticists, evolutionary biologists, and physical anthropologists for several decades. After World War II, the rejection of eugenics, which had supported sterilization laws and other destructive programs in the United States, generated a compelling critique of the biological basis of race. The classification of human beings into distinct biological “races” is a relatively recent invention propped up by deeply flawed evidence and historically providing the foundation of racist ideology and inequities of power. Social scientists’ conclusion that race is socially constructed was confirmed by genomic studies of human variation, including the Human Genome Project, showing high levels of genetic similarity within the human species. Some scholars came to believe that the science of human genetic diversity would replace race as the preeminent means of grouping people for scientific purposes.
Ultralow-power SRAM technology

An ultralow-standby-power technology has been developed in both 0.18-Âµm and 0.13-Âµm lithography nodes for embedded and standalone SRAM applications. The ultralow-leakage six-transistor (6T) SRAM cell sizes are 4.81 Âµm2 and 2.34 Âµm2, corresponding respectively to the 0.18-Âµm and 0.13-Âµm design dimensions. The measured array standby leakage is equal to an average cell leakage current of less than 50 fA per cell at 1.5 V, 25Â°C and is less than 400 fA per cell at 1.5 V, 85Â°C. Dual gate oxides of 2.9 nm and 5.2 nm provide optimized cell leakage, I/O compatibility, and performance. Analyses of the critical parasitic leakage components and paths within the 6T SRAM cell are reviewed in this paper. In addition to the well-known gate-oxide leakage limitation for ULP technologies, three additional limits facing future scaled ULP technologies are discussed.
Risk Factors for Prosthesis Failure in Pulmonary Valve Replacement

Background After initial right ventricular outflow tract reconstruction, replacement of the pulmonary valve (PVR) with a bioprosthetic valve may be performed. Bioprosthetic valves fail (PVF) and require repeat replacement. Identification of risk factors for PVF would be useful for clinicians choosing among various options for the initial PVR. Methods We retrospectively analyzed outcomes of 169 consecutive patients (55% male) with repaired tetralogy of Fallot or pulmonary stenosis undergoing a first PVR. Data were abstracted from the medical records, including gender, diagnosis, indication for PVR, age at PVR ( Results Indication for PVR was pulmonary stenosis in 21% and insufficiency in 79%. Median follow-up for the entire cohort was 8 years. PVF occurred in 24 patients at a median time of 5.7 years. Actuarial freedom from PVF at 10 years was 72% for all valve types, 55% for porcine valve in Dacron conduit, 60% for homograft, 75% for porcine valve, and 78% for bovine pericardial valve (p = 0.36). By univariate analysis, young age (p Conclusions Freedom from reoperation for PVR during 10 years of follow-up is excellent. Younger age, tetralogy of Fallot, and use of a homograft valve were risk factors for early PVF. Only younger age at PVR was a significant risk factor for late PVF.