cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a Short-Form Measure of Science and Technology Self-Efficacy Using Rasch Analysis

Despite an increased focus on science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) in U.S. schools, today’s students often struggle to maintain adequate performance in these fields compared with students in other countries (Cheek in Thinking constructively about science, technology, and society education. State University of New York, Albany, 1992; Enyedy and Goldberg 2004; Mandinach and Lewis 2006). In addition, despite considerable pressure to promote the placement of students into STEM career fields, U.S. placement is relatively low (Sadler et al. in Sci Educ 96(3):411–427, 2012; Subotnik et al. in Identifying and developing talent in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM): an agenda for research, policy and practice. International handbook, part XII, pp 1313–1326, 2009). One explanation for the decline of STEM career placement in the U.S. rests with low student affect concerning STEM concepts and related content, especially in terms of self-efficacy. Researchers define self-efficacy as the internal belief that a student can succeed in learning, and that understanding student success lies in students’ externalized actions or behaviors (Bandura in Psychol Rev 84(2):191–215, 1977). Evidence suggests that high self-efficacy in STEM can result in student selection of STEM in later educational endeavors, culminating in STEM career selection (Zeldin et al. in J Res Sci Teach 45(9):1036–1058, 2007). However, other factors such as proficiency play a role as well. The lack of appropriate measures of self-efficacy can greatly affect STEM career selection due to inadequate targeting of this affective trait and loss of opportunity for early intervention by educators. Lack of early intervention decreases selection of STEM courses and careers (Valla and Williams in J Women Minor Sci Eng 18(1), 2012; Lent et al. in J Couns Psychol 38(4), 1991). Therefore, this study developed a short-form measure of self-efficacy to help identify students in need of intervention.
Detection of a molecular complex between ras proteins and transferrin receptor

Immunoprecipitation of extracts of human carcinoma cell lines with three different monoclonal antibodies generated against ras proteins revealed the coprecipitation of a 90,000 dalton protein. The coprecipitated protein was identified as the transferrin receptor by comigration in both reducing and nonreducing SDS-polyacrylamide gels, by absorption with a monoclonal antibody directed against transferrin receptor, and by analysis of partial proteolysis products. Coprecipitation of the transferrin receptor with three monoclonal antibodies with differing specificities to ras proteins, as well as the inability to coprecipitate the transferrin receptor from cell extracts from which ras proteins were depleted by preabsorption, indicates that ras proteins and the transferrin receptor form a molecular complex. This complex is disrupted by addition of transferrin to cell extracts. These findings suggest that ras proteins function in regulation of cell growth via interaction with the cell surface receptor for transferrin.
An extension of Jacobs' method for measuring residual growth strains in logs

Previous methods for measuring residual longitudinal growth strain distributions in logs are reviewed. An extension is given of Jacobs' method for measuring growth strains which yields residual strain information at many points in the cross section other than along the diametrical plank. Some of the longitudinal growth strain distributions measured using the new method are presented.
PI3K p110α and p110β have differential effects on Akt activation and protection against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in myoblasts

Catalytic subunits of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) play a critical role in growth factor signaling and survival by phosphorylating inositol lipids. We found that PI3K Class-IA p110 alpha and p110 beta have distinct functions in myoblasts. Inhibition of p110 alpha reduced insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-stimulated Akt activity and prevented IGF-I-mediated survival in H(2)O(2)-treated cells; in contrast, siRNA knockdown of p110 beta increased IGF-I-stimulated Akt activity. However, inhibition of p110 beta catalytic activity did not increase IGF-I-stimulated Akt activity, suggesting a role for p110 beta protein interactions rather than decreased generation of phosphoinositides in this effect. Increased Akt activity in p110 beta-deficient myoblasts was associated with diminished extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation as well as ERK-dependent IRS-1 636/639 phosphorylation, findings we show to be independent of p110 beta catalytic function, but associated with insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) endocytosis. We also report that IGF-I protects myoblasts from H(2)O(2)-induced apoptosis through a mechanism that requires p110 alpha, but may be independent of Akt or ERK under conditions of Akt and ERK inhibition. These observations suggest that both p110 alpha and p110 beta are essential for growth and metabolism in myoblasts. Overall, our results provide new evidence for the roles of p110 isoforms in promoting cellular proliferation and homeostasis, IGF-IR internalization, and in opposing apoptosis.
Mechanical Properties Characterization of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Tissue Using Biaxial Testing

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal, localized enlargement of the aorta. If untreated, a AAA will continue to enlarge in size and eventually rupture. Currently, AAA diameter is used as the principal indicator of impending rupture. However, this method it is not totally reliable. In an effort to improve the estimation of rupture risk, some researchers are currently studying the mechanical wall stresses of AAAs using patient-specific medical imaging techniques and finite element modeling [1,2]. The accuracy of these models depends significantly on the constitutive law used to describe the mechanical properties of the AAA tissue. To date, only isotropic constitutive laws have been used in these models.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Effects of ammonia upon propylene metathesis over a WO3SiO2 catalyst

Abstract The effects of pretreating a tungsten oxide on silica catalyst during propylene disproportionation both at reaction temperatures of 430 °C – 450 °C and at the activation temperature of 590 °C with ammonia have been studied. Also, the effects of injecting a small amount of ammonia at steady-state activity, and the addition of 1.5% ammonia into the feed have been investigated. It has been found that pretreatment of the catalyst, prior to introduction of propylene, leaves the catalyst relatively inactive for propylene disproportionation reactions, but the addition of ammonia to the propylene feed significantly increases the transient activity of the catalyst and decreases the break-in period for this catalytic system. The length of the break-in period and the steady-state level of conversion have been compared for pure propylene feed and a feed which contained 98.5% C3H6 and 1.5% NH3.
Mismatch repair deficient-crypts in non-neoplastic colonic mucosa in Lynch syndrome: insights from an illustrative case.

Mono-allelic germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes lead to Lynch syndrome (LS). Questions remain as to the timing of the inactivation of the wild-type allele in LS-associated tumorigenesis. Speculation exists that it happens after the neoplasia has been initiated. However, a recent study reported the presence of MMR-deficiency in non-neoplastic colonic crypts in LS; thus the possibility can be raised that these crypts may be tumor precursors, and as such, biallelic loss of MMR may occur prior to neoplasia. Here we report a unique case that showed findings supporting both of the two seemingly conflicting notions. The patient was a 40-year-old female with LS, MSH2 type, who underwent a segmental colectomy for an adenocarcinoma. By immunohistochemistry, the carcinoma lost MSH2/MSH6. Interestingly, there was also complete loss of MSH2/MSH6 in a distinct focus of 20 colonic crypts that were morphologically non-neoplastic, thus supporting the possibility of biallelic loss of MMR before initiation of neoplasia. However, in a separate adenoma, MMR was preserved in neoplastic glands with low grade dysplasia and lost only in glands with high grade dysplasia, i.e., MMR loss after tumor initiation. These are relevant findings with regard to the timing of MMR deficiency in LS tumorigenesis, and bring forth the possibility that varied tumorigenic pathways may exist. Additionally, we observed that the MMR-deficient non-neoplastic crypts harbored increased intraepithelial CD8-positive T-lymphocytes similar to the patient’s carcinoma, providing a potential new venue for the study of the natural antitumor immune responses in LS individuals.
Preliminary evidence of behavioral and cognitive sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea in children

Objectives: To characterize the daytime sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children. Background: OSA syndrome is a common disorder in children with estimates of prevalence ranging from 1.1 to 2.9%. Numerous studies have documented neuropsychological deficits in adults with OSA, although only a few preliminary studies have described these problems in children with OSA. Methods: In the present study, otherwise healthy children with OSA (n=28), and a healthy age-matched comparison group (n=10) were assessed with standard measures of sleep, behavior, and cognitive function. Results: Children with OSA had significantly more behavior problems than the healthy comparison group based on parents' reports (F=7.29, P<0.005). Children diagnosed with moderate to severe OSA had significantly lower scores on a timed cancellation task that assesses sustained attention (F=10.0, P<0.01). A significant association was found between OSA severity (ρ=−86, P<0.01) and measures of verbal ability. Conclusions: These initial findings suggest that there are identifiable daytime sequelae of childhood OSA and that it is important to evaluate these daytime disturbances in making determinations about intervention.
A mechanism for the control of low-frequency repetitive firing

1. Many molluscan neurons fire spontaneously at frequencies of 1 spike/sec or less. 2. The firing frequency vs stimulus intensity relationship exhibits a marked linearity at these low frequencies. This linear region is greatly reduced when inward calcium current is eliminated. 3. Under voltage clamp these neurons typically show a hysteresis in the current-voltage relationship resulting from very slow ramp command signals. Much of this hysteresis is eliminated when inward calcium current is eliminated. 4. A computer model for repetitive firing exhibits both firing frequency vs stimulus intensity linearity and current-voltage hysteresis if the model includes an inward calcium current and resultant calcium-activated potassium current. 5. It is concluded that a calcium-activated potassium current is necessary for the maintenance of the slow voltage ramp between spikes that is responsible for the long interspike intervals observed in these neurons.
Storytelling as an Age-Dependent Skill: Oral Recall of Orally Presented Stories

During experiment 1, three taped prose passages read by college student, middle-aged, or old tellers were orally recalled by college students in an incidental memory paradigm. More story units were remembered as the age of the teller increased (r = +.642, p < .05). Comparison of these results, with prior research using written, as opposed to oral, presentation and recall of these stories, showed no differences in specific story units remembered. Teller age predicted recall on the two “storied” passages. These passages elicited more favorable comments from listeners when read by older tellers. The third, descriptive passage was less favorably regarded by listeners hearing older tellers. During experiment 2, taped storied passages read by middle-aged tellers were falsely attributed to young, middle-aged, or old persons before the college students listened. Incidental recall did not show an age of teller effect in this case, but the listener's evaluation of the speaker exhibited age-dependent stereotypes. It...
New mite records (Acari: Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae) from grapevines in Oregon and Washington State

Abstract New records of mites from grapevines in Oregon and Washington State, USA are reported. These include Calepitrimerus vitis (Nalepa) (Eriophyidae) and Bryobia rubrioculus (Scheuten) (Tetranychidae).
Total anomalous pulmonary connection: Then and now

Abstract In their classic article "Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage. Correction with cardiopulmonary bypass in 62 patients," Denton A. Cooley, MD and associates defined the proper course of therapy for most patients with this lesion. This article was published in 1966 in the Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery . The text and illustrations in this signal publication have served as one of the guiding features for surgeons attempting operations on patients with these lesions since that time. This article reviews that publication and points out the marked similarities between the treatment practices at that time and those in use today.
A variable rate refining triangulation

A new variable rate refining subdivisionB4 for the solution of equations with piecewise linear homotopies and restart homotopies is described. The essential virtue of the subdivisionB4 is that it offers vast latitude to the user. In particular, the parameters ofB4 can be set so one restriction ofB4 is thatJ3 triangulation and another restriction is the octahedral subdivision. More generally, full flexibility is available in the placement of local focal points, and perhaps most importantly,B4 permits the new capability of refining coordinates at variable andindependent rates.
MM3(96) CONFORMATIONAL ANALYSIS OF d-GLUCARAMIDE AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF THREE d-GLUCARIC ACID DERIVATIVES—MODELS FOR SYNTHETIC POLY(ALKYLENE d-GLUCARAMIDES)

An exhaustive conformational analysis of d-glucaramide was carried out using MM3(96) [MM3(96). Molecular Mechanics Software used with permission from N.L. Allinger; University of Georgia]. Nine torsion angles were each driven in increments of 120°, generating 19,683 starting conformations. Each conformation was then fully energy-minimized using MM3's block diagonal/full matrix optimization option at dielectric constants of both 3.5 and 6.5. Conformer populations were calculated based on the modeling results and calculated theoretical average 1H vicinal coupling constants were compared to experimental values obtained in D 2O solution. Crystal structures of three acyclic d-glucaric acid derivatives (N, N′-dimethyl- d-glucaramide, dipotassium d-glucarate, and sodium potassium d-glucarate) are reported. These structures and that of previously reported monopotassium glucarate correspond closely with model conformations that were within one kcal/mol of the global minimum.
Independent synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine-4,7-dione - the neurocytotoxic product of autoxidation of 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine

Synthesis of 5-hydroxytryptamine-4,7-dione hydrochloride (20) is described starting from 3-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (6). Compound 6 was converted to 2,3,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde (10) in 4 steps. Nitromethylenation of 10 followed by nitration and subsequent reductive cyclization gave 4,5,7-tris(benzyloxy)indole (13). Introduction of the aminoethyl (hydrochloride) side chain on C-3 of 13, via the corresponding indole-3-acetonitrile, and subsequent debenzylation generated in situ, 4,5,7-trihydroxytryptamine hydrochloride (19) which underwent rapid autoxidation in ethanol to give 20. 4,5,7-Trihydroxyindole (21) and 3-[2-(ethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]-4,5,7-trihydroxyindole (24), both generated in situ, were also found to undergo rapid autoxidation to the corresponding 5-hydroxyindole-4,7-diones.
Steady-state one-dimensional longitudinally coupled lasers analysis

The theory of mutually injected coupled lasers is developed for distributed saturated homogeneous gain so that a set of simultaneous conditions is established for steady-state operation of the coupled-laser system with arbitrary coupling strength. The effects of the various coupled-laser parameters are determined for a model of two Fabry–Perot resonators with distributed saturated homogeneous gain and a longitudinal coupling path.
Closed-form equations for contact force and moment in elastic contact of rough surfaces

It is reasonable to expect that, when two nominally flat rough surfaces are brought into contact by an applied resultant force, they must support, in addition to the compressive load, an induced moment. The existence of a net applied moment would imply noneven distribution of contact force so that there are more asperities in contact over one region of the nominal area. In this paper, we consider the contact between two rectangular rough surfaces that provide normal and tangential contact force as well as contactmoment to counteract the netmoment imposed by the applied forces. The surfaces are permitted to develop slight angular misalignment, and thereby contact moment is derived. Through this scheme, it is possible to also define elastic contribution to friction since the half-plane tangential contact force on one side of an asperity is no longer balanced by the half-plane tangential force component on the opposite side. The elastic friction force, however, is shown to be of a much smaller order than the contact normal force. Approximate closed-form equations are found for contact force and moment for the contact of rough surfaces.
Oblique scattering from inhomogeneous cylinders using a coupled integral equation formulation with triangular cells

A novel method of moments formulation for scattering from penetrable two-dimensional cylinders illuminated by an obliquely incident excitation is presented. The permittivity and permeability profiles may have arbitrary piecewise-constant dependence on the transverse variables. Regardless of the polarization of the incident field, the response of the scatterer is a combination of transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) waves. Coupled integral equations for the longitudinal electric and magnetic fields are used in conjunction with a triangular-cell discretization, a piecewise linear representation for E/sub z/ and H/sub z/, and point-matching. Numerical results for the internal fields and scattering cross-section are presented to illustrate the accuracy of the approach. >
Ion beam effects on K-shell emission from high temperature plasma on PBFA II

K-shell emission from H-, He-, and Li-like ions can be used to diagnose electron temperature and density conditions in inertial confinement fusion plasmas. Interpretation of that emission in the ion beam interaction region on PBFA II (Particle Beam Fusion Accelerator II) is complicated by the presence of the intense ion beam. The author has added ion-beam ionization and excitation (as well as the inverse processes) to the RATION code. The ion beam is assumed to be monoenergetic and fully ionized. The ion-beam ionization rates are derived from scaled values of the ionization cross sections. The ion-beam excitation cross sections are scaled from the electron-excitation cross sections. All inverse processes are obtained from detailed balance. >
Back to Politics: Some Recent Books in North American Labor History. A Review Article

These half-dozen books share a common emphasis and derive from what appears to be a common realization: now that labor historiography has achieved a solid base in localized, often quantitative, and sometimes blatantly apolitical social history, it will become increasingly fruitful to reexamine the institutional, intellectual, and political history of the labor movement. Many of the themes of the "new" labor history-culture, "community," the structure of work and workers' control, and labor market analysis-are found in these pages. But for most of the studies under review, the key concern is to understand power relationships in the political arena. There is no question that the political dimensions of labor history received short shrift in the scholarship of the 1970s. The influence of Thompson, Gutman, and others put culture and class experience at the top of the research agenda. Although much of this work examined the foundations of class con-
Ezetimibe inhibits the incorporation of dietary oxidized cholesterol into lipoproteins.

Oxidized cholesterol is present in significant quantities in the typical Western diet. When ingested, oxidized cholesterol is absorbed by the small intestine and incorporated into both chylomicrons and LDL, resulting in LDL that is more susceptible to further oxidation. Feeding studies in animal models and epidemiological studies in humans have suggested that oxidized cholesterol in the diet increases the development of atherosclerosis. In this study, we determined the effect of ezetimibe, a drug that inhibits small intestinal absorption of cholesterol, on the levels of oxidized cholesterol in the serum after a test meal containing oxidized cholesterol. We demonstrate that ezetimibe, 10 mg per day for 1 month, markedly reduced the levels (50% decrease) of oxidized cholesterol in the serum after feeding a test meal containing either α-epoxy cholesterol or 7-keto cholesterol, two of the predominant oxidized cholesterols found in the diet. Moreover, the decrease in oxidized cholesterol in the serum was attributable to a decrease in the incorporation of dietary oxidized cholesterol into both chylomicrons and LDL. Because there was no decrease in postprandial triglyceride levels, we conclude that this decrease in oxidized cholesterol levels in the serum is attributable to decreased absorption and not to enhanced clearance. Whether this decrease in oxidized cholesterol absorption prevents or delays the development of atherosclerosis remains to be determined.
Developing a review rubric for learning resources in digital libraries

This paper describes the development of a review rubric for learning resources in the context of the Instructional Architect (IA), a web-based authoring tool. We describe the motivation for developing a review rubric, the process for creating it by synthesizing the rubrics of other education-related digital libraries, and the results of testing the rubric with teachers. Analysis of usability and reliability indicates that the review rubric influences how teachers design online learning resources.
Missed Opportunities: Politics, Research, and Public Policy

Iwork in two worlds which, unfortunately for all of us, are worlds apart. First, I work as a lawyer for the City of Portland, Oregon. As expected in 1991 America, our city's government leaders have declared that "public safety" is their first priority. Accordingly, the City spends a substantial amount of time, money, and energy seeking to combat and reduce crime. My other area of work also emphasizes crime issues. As an adjunct faculty member, I work with colleagues in the Department of Psychiatry at Oregon Health Sciences University who conduct research on criminal behavior and societal responses to crime. Their work is published in scholarly journals and reported at meetings of mental health professionals and criminologists. You would think these two groups of my colleagues would work closely together. After all, elected and appointed City officials are almost desperate to make a dent in crime. They are under intense public pressure to make neighborhoods safer and reduce the level of fear in the community. In this regard, they are like public officials at all levels of government across the country. They genuinely want to help citizens, and there could be no better political platform than being able to say they successfully fought crime. Thus, you would expect they would pay close attention to the current criminology research in order to increase the chances they could construct government programs that would work. Similarly, my mental health colleagues are committed to helping people be healthier and creating safer communities. You would think they would do all they could to ensure that research results improve public policy. Also. like politicians, they stand to reap collateral benefits from a collaboration with public officials. The researchers could become better known in their communities and perhaps even increase their chances of obtaining often needed government funding for their work. So do these two groups of dedicated professionals work closely together for the good of the community and their mutual benefit? Hardly. To the contrary, it sometimes seems they hardly know each other exists.
Intra-aortic Balloon Counterpulsation Support in the High-risk Cardiac Patient Undergoing Urgent Noncardiac Surgery

Patients with a recent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, severe angina, or uncorrected multivessel coronary artery disease are at increased risk of cardiac complications after major noncardiac surgery. Although invasive hemodynamic monitoring and preoperative optimization of cardiac status may lead to some reduction in the rate of perioperative cardiac events, the mortality from such events remains high. We report our experience with the use of perioperative intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in eight patients with unstable coronary syndromes or severe coronary artery disease who underwent urgent noncardiac surgery. There were no perioperative cardiac events while the intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was in place. There were two postoperative cardiac events (nonfatal myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure) in the first postoperative week after the IABP was removed. One patient required emergent femoral thrombectomy as a result of intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation and subsequently died of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation should be considered as an adjunct to maintain hemodynamic stability for the high-risk cardiac patient about to undergo urgent or emergent noncardiac surgery.
Asthma, influenza, and vaccination

Exacerbations of asthma in children are usually triggered by virus infections. Many different respiratory viruses are associated with these exacerbations, but influenza viruses are frequently associated with those requiring hospitalization and are the only ones for which specific treatment and prophylaxis are available. Current studies have shown that influenza vaccines are safe for patients with asthma. The efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccines in preventing exacerbations of asthma has been questioned. The live attenuated influenza vaccine has been licensed recently in the United States, and studies have shown it to be safe and protective. A direct comparison of the inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccines in children with asthma demonstrated superior protection by the latter. Live attenuated influenza vaccine, given by nasal spray, is better accepted by children for annual vaccination and is easier to administer. Universal vaccination of all children in school-based clinics will facilitate control of epidemic influenza and provide an infrastructure for control of future influenza pandemics.
Low-loss contact pad with tuned impedance for operation at millimeter wave frequencies

In this paper an on-chip pad structure with minimized losses and matched impedance is presented. The pads use a metal ground-shield thereunder to minimize the influence from a lossy silicon substrate. A shunt transmission line stub is used to resonate the pad capacitance, thereby providing a matched impedance into a 50 /spl Omega/ on-chip transmission line. A second-tier calibration technique was used to extract their 2-port S-parameter characteristic. The measured performance is compared with simulations of standard pad structures up to 65 GHz.
Laser plasma diamond

Diamond-like films containing no hydrogen can be deposited from laser plasmas that are highly ionized. Growth rates of 0.5 µm/h over 100 cm2 areas have been realized on untreated substrates of a variety of materials including Si, Ge, ZnS, glass, and plastics. Measurements of optical properties and mass densities support the identification of this laser plasma diamond as a conglomerate of very fine grains of diamond polytypes in a matrix of other carbon forms.
When and where were the satellites of uranus formed

Abstract Uranus exhibits an unusually large obliquity compared to other planets of the solar system; its equator is inclined by 98° to the plane of its orbit. However its five satellites are remarkably regular, with eccentricities and inclinations very nearly zero, but of course with orbit planes that are tilted by ∼98° to the plane of the ecliptic. This circumstance is used here to relate the formation of satellites to planet formation. Six different cases are discussed, of which two can be ruled out and two others are highly improbable. In the analysis, use is made of the fact that satellites in near-equatorial orbits could not follow a rapid (“non-adiabatic”) change of the planet's obliquity. We assume, also, that the observed obliquity is the result of the last stages of planet accumulation. We can therefore exclude contemporaneous formation of planet and satellites, and conclude instead that the satellites were formed or acquired after the planet's axis had been tilted. A plausible scenario involves the tidal capture of a body having 5% to 10% of the planet's mass—sufficient to account for the tilt—followed by its accretion. However, tidal forces break up the body into chunks, slow the accretion, and allow ∼1% of the chunks to form the satellites through interaction with a temporary dense atmosphere. The same reasoning may apply also for Saturn and Jupiter. It should be noted that the synchronous orbit it well within the Roche limit for all three planets.
Recent Work on Aristotelian Biology

The past several decades have seen a proliferation of scholarly work on Aristotle’s biological writings. The recent publication of James Lennoz’s collected essays, Aristotle’s Philosophy of Biology, seems a atting occasion to look at some aspects of this literature, since he, together with his co-worker Allan Gotthelf, has been one of its most conspicuous contributors. The proceedings of a conference on Aristotelian biology, held at Bad-Homburg in 1995, and published in 1997 under the editorship of Wolfgang Kullmann and Sabine Follinger, includes essays by a representative group of such specialists. G.E.R. Lloyd’s Aristotelian Explorations of 1996, though not entirely concerned with the biology, does deal principally with this area; and a more recent work by Kullmann, published in 1998, Aristoteles und die moderne Wissenschaft, though more ambitions in its overall aims, also bears in large part on the interpretation of the biological writings. Without attempting to delve into the periodical literature (which, for those interested, seems to be pretty well covered in the bibliographies of the works in question), I shall present some of the issues for the interpretation of Aristotle’s biological works raised in these volumes.1 In part, the work in question has served chieoy to illuminate the texts, a telos that is always worth pursuing for a thinker as complex and often as obscure as Aristotle. Before I proceed to more controversial questions, let me just mention a few of these cases. Both Lloyd and Lennox, for example, take up the problem of spontaneous generation in Aristotle (in Lloyd’s
Variations in Sr, Rb, K, Na, and Initial Sr87/Sr86 in Mesozoic Granitic Rocks and Intruded Wall Rocks in Central California

Initial Sr87/Sr86 of granitic rocks which are exposed north of the Garlock fault in California, and which represent the entire 130-m.y. time span of emplacement during the Mesozoic, ranges mainly from 0.7031 to 0.7082, with one value of 0.7094. A systematic areal variation, independent of age, exists for initial Sr87/Sr86 in these granitic rocks and is the same as the areal variation in initial Sr87/Sr86 of superjacent upper Cenozoic basalts and andesites. Two values of initial Sr87/Sr86, 0.7040 and 0.7060, mark natural separations of granitic rock data on K-Rb, K-Sr, and Rb/Sr-Rb variation diagrams, and also, when contoured, seem to represent geographic markers of paleo-geographic, geochemical, and physiographic significance. Upper Precambrian sedimentary and metamorphic rocks in California crop out only in the region where initial Sr87/Sr86 of granitic rocks is greater than 0.7060. A line of initial Sr87/Sr86 = 0.7060 is approximately coincident with the boundary between Paleozoic eugeosynclinal and miogeosynclinal rocks. Granitic rocks intruded into Paleozoic miogeosynclinal rocks have initial Sr87/Sr86 greater than 0.7060, whereas those intruded into eugeosynclinal Paleozoic rocks have initial Sr87/Sr86 less than 0.7060. The line of initial Sr87/Sr86 = 0.7040 is the eastern limit of principal exposures of ultramafic rocks, the western limit of Cretaceous granitic rocks, and is coincident with an abrupt change in “topographic expression” on the Bouguer gravity map of California. Correlation of the isotopic variations with these major crustal features suggests that there has been a sharp lateral contrast in crust-mantle chemistry across the region of study that has been fixed in position from the Precambrian to the present time. The chemical and isotopic variations observed are best explained if the parent magmas of the majority of granitic rocks investigated were derived in a region that was laterally variable in composition and in a zone of melting that intersected both upper mantle and lower crust. However, some igneous rocks, such as Jurassic volcanic rocks in wall rocks and roof pendants and some granitic rocks with high strontium concentrations and low Rb-Sr ratios, suggest that deeper sources are also involved in the total spectrum of igneous rocks in the region.
Multivariate data analysis: The French way

This paper presents exploratory techniques for multivariate data, many of them well known to French statisticians and ecologists, but few well understood in North American culture. We present the general framework of duality diagrams which encompasses discriminant analysis, correspondence analysis and principal components and we show how this framework can be generalized to the regression of graphs on covariates.
Reliable Sex and Strain Discrimination in the Mouse Vomeronasal Organ and Accessory Olfactory Bulb

Animals modulate their courtship and territorial behaviors in response to olfactory cues produced by other animals. In rodents, detecting these cues is the primary role of the accessory olfactory system (AOS). We sought to systematically investigate the natural stimulus coding logic and robustness in neurons of the first two stages of accessory olfactory processing, the vomeronasal organ (VNO) and accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). We show that firing rate responses of just a few well-chosen mouse VNO or AOB neurons can be used to reliably encode both sex and strain of other mice from cues contained in urine. Additionally, we show that this population code can generalize to new concentrations of stimuli and appears to represent stimulus identity in terms of diverging paths in coding space. Together, the results indicate that firing rate code on the temporal order of seconds is sufficient for accurate classification of pheromonal patterns at different concentrations and may be used by AOS neural circuitry to discriminate among naturally occurring urine stimuli.
α-Ketoamides and α-Ketocarbonyls: Conformational analysis and development of all-atom OPLS force field

The molecular structures and barriers for the internal rotation around the OC-CO single bond in four alpha-ketoamides and eight alpha-ketocarbonyls have been determined from the MP3/aug-cc-pVDZ and MP2/aug-cc-pVDZ calculations. Alpha-ketocarbonyls with non-bulky substituents adopt planar conformations with two carbonyl oxygens in s-trans arrangement. The s-cis conformation is significantly less stable due to the electrostatic repulsion between the two carbonyl groups. Primary and secondary alpha-ketoamides are planar when the substituent at the carbonyl carbon is hydrogen or methyl group but tertiary alpha-ketoamides adopt a conformation where the OC-CO unit is significantly bent. Based on current ab initio structural data, a set of OPLS-AA force field parameters has been derived. These parameters can be used for the modeling of a variety of alpha-ketoamide or alpha-ketocarbonyl containing drugs such as novel protease inhibitors or neuroregenerative polyketides.
A Methodology for Improving Granularity of Wafer Strength Testing to Characterize and Qualify a 150 micron DFM Wafer Thinning Process

Wafer thinning has been one of the key enabling processes for ultra compact portable consumer devices to make ultra thin device packages possible. These new devices require finish wafer thicknesses of 150?m and under to match decreasing package sizes. There are a variety of wafer thinning techniques that can be utilized to create the desired wafer thicknesses. This paper will present a methodology that can be used to characterize and qualify a 150?m wafer thinning process designed for a high volume analog manufacturing facility.
Physician Payment Reform and Hospital Referrals.

Commercial health insurers in California use provider capitation payments to different extents. These are similar to arrangements introduced by the recent health reforms to give physicians incentives to control costs. In a previous paper we showed that patients whose insurers used capitation incentives traveled further to access lower-priced, similar-quality hospitals than other same-severity patients. This paper predicts the implied effects of a move to widespread capitation. We show that, if the introduction of capitation prompted low-capitation insurers to act like high-capitation insurers, this would generate a 4–5 percent cost saving with some reduction in patient convenience but no reduction in quality.
3D Examination of the Thermal Properties of Carbon-Carbon Composites

Thermal characterization of composites is essential for their proper assignment to a specific application. Specific heat, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity of carbon-carbon composites are essential in the engineering design process and in the analysis of aerospace vehicles, space systems and other high temperature thermal systems. Specifically, thermal conductivity determines the working temperature levels of a material and is influential in its performance in high temperature applications.There is insufficient thermal property data for carbon-carbon composites over a range of temperatures. The purpose of this research is to develop a thermal properties database for carbon-carbon composites that will contain in-plane (i-p) and through-the-thickness (t-t-t) thermal data at different temperatures as well as display the effects of graphitization on the composite material. The carbon-carbon composites tested were fabricated by the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) technique, utilizing T300 2-D carbon fabric and Primaset PT-30 cyanate ester resin.Experimental methods were employed to measure the thermal properties. Following the ASTM standard E-1461, the flash method enabled the direct measurement of thermal diffusivity. Additionally, differential scanning calorimetry was performed in accordance with the ASTM E-1269 standard to measure the specific heat. The measured thermal diffusivity, specific heat, and density data were used to compute the thermal conductivity of the carbon-carbon composites. The measured through-the-thickness thermal conductivity values of all the materials tested range from 1.0 to 17 W/m·K, while in-plane values range from 3.8 to 4.6 W/m·K due to the effect of fiber orientation. Additionally, the graphitized samples exhibit a higher thermal conductivity because of the nature of the ordered graphite structure.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Family Therapy of Alcoholism

Since her father’s death, Francie had stopped writing about birds and trees and My Impressions. Because she missed him so, she had taken to writing little stories about him. She tried to show that, in spite of his shortcomings, he had been a good father and a kindly man. She had written three such stories which were marked “C” instead of the usual “A.” The fourth came back with a line telling her to remain after school.
Internal Mammary Lymphoscintigraphy: A Technical Viewpoint

A comprehensive description of the technical aspects of internal mammary lymphoscintigraphy utilizing Tc-99m antimony trisulfide colloid, an investigational drug, is presented. The technologist’s very important role in the imaging procedure is highlighted; it includes specific, step-by-step instruction in patient preparation, radiopharmaceutical preparation, and injection and imaging. Precautions necessary to assure accuracy of all measurements are stressed. Emphasis is placed on the need for precise documentation to insure the validity of the procedure for ready reference by interested health care professionals.
Oviposition Rhythm of Synanthedon pictipes under a 16:8 L:D Photoperiod and Various Thermoperiods

The daily oviposition rhythm of S. pictipes was determined in the laboratory. Mated females were kept for 4 days under 2 constant temperatures and 3 thermoperiods, and a 16:8 L:D photoperiod. In all regimes, the oviposition occurred during photophase, with the mean in the late photophase. The mean time of oviposition at the thermoperiod 26.7:16.7°C was advanced compared to that at a constant temperature (26.9°C) about equal to thermophase temperature. A small 2nd peak of oviposition occurred at the very end of photophase under all thermoperiods.
Experiments and analysis of an active hydrofoil with SMA actuators

We present here our progress towards the development of a type of biomimetic active hydrofoil that utilizes Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) actuator technology. The actuation is presently applied to the control of hydrodynamic forces and moments, including thrust generation, on a 2-D hydrofoil. The SMA actuation elements are two sets of thin wires (0.015" to 0.027") on either side of an elastomeric element that provides the main structural support. Controlled heating and cooling of the two wire sets generates bi-directional bending of the elastomer, which in turn deflects (for quasi-static control) or oscillates (for thrust generation) the trailing edge of the hydrofoil. The aquatic environment of the hydrofoil lends itself to cooling schemes that utilize the excellent heat transfer properties of water. The SMA muscle was able to deflect the trailing edge by +/5° at rates as high as 2 Hz. FEM modeling of hydrofoil response to thermoelectric heating has been carried out using a thermomechanical constitutive model for SMAs. FEM predictions are compared with experimental measurements.
Loosely Coupled Time-Marching of Fluid-Thermal-Structural Interactions with Time-Accurate CFD

This study focuses on the development of a loosely coupled partitioned multi-physics time marching procedure for fluid-thermal-structural analysis using time-accurate solvers. The scheme is specifically formulated to maintain global second order temporal accuracy using implicit solvers for each discipline, and requires no subiterations between solvers. This is achieved by using second-order time integrators for each solver combined with second-order extrapolations of the pressure and heat flux to predict the thermo-structural loadings at the proper time step. Furthermore, the scheme is designed to exploit disparities in time scales between the solvers through the use of fluid and structural subcycling, in which multiple fluid steps are taken between each structural step, and multiple structural steps between each thermal step. Here, second order global accuracy is maintained using second order interpolations of the displacement, velocity, and temperature over the structural time step, and temperature over the thermal time step. The accuracy of the scheme is evaluated on a simple panel in high supersonic flow, and is found to yield second-order accurate solutions both with and without subcycling. The impact of neglecting the extrapolation and interpolation mechanisms on accuracy is also investigated. In general disabling any of these mechanisms degrades the global accuracy to first order. However the heat flux extrapolation is shown to have a weaker impact than the others, retaining near-second order solutions for displacement, pressure, and heat flux.
Special Issue: Mothers, Fathers, Infants, and Children.

Every once in a while, a cluster of manuscripts arrive that create a naturally occurring Special Issue. This was the case for this issue. We have six articles addressing parental and neonatal concerns. This issue has articles covering gestational diabetes, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) experiences experiences, newborn resuscitation, and parent’s experiences when a baby stops breathing. This mix of manuscripts came from five different countries: China, Iran, Sweden, United States of America, and Jordon. Methodologies include both quantitative and qualitative but each article either addresses Mothers, Fathers, Infants, or Children. The first article addressing developmental care provided by NICU nurses in China (Zhang, Lee, Chen, & Liu, 2016) highlights that not only nurse factors influence the nurses’ ability to provide important developmental care in the NICU but staffing and hospital system factors also play a role. In the article by Segre, Orengo-Aguayo, and Siewert (2016), this team investigated the attitudes of mothers of newborns in the NICU toward being screened for depression and receiving counseling by nurses. This team was particularly interested in whether mothers would be willing to receive a nurse-delivered intervention to address depression in mothers of infants in the NICU. These important studies address important clinical and system issues in the NICU setting. Women experiencing gestational diabetes are at risk for increased worry and anxiety. The article from Iran Bastani (2016) tested a complementary and alternative approach to treating anxiety in women with gestational diabetes,
The impact of diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities on hematopoietic stem cell collection and hematologic recovery post-transplantation.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported to impair hematopoietic stem cell mobilization following cytokine administration. However, the CXCR4 antagonist plerixafor appears to overcome this.[1] DM h...
Dump nesting in the wood duck traced by tetracycline

L'injection intraperitoneale de tetracycline a Aix sponsa en couvaison permet d'etudier la taille des couvees et les avantages d'un tel type de nidification
Methodology for Development of Physics-Based Tsunami Fragilities

AbstractTsunamis affect coastal regions around the world, resulting in fatalities and catastrophic damage to communities. Fragility functions form the basis of most risk and resilience analyses at ...
Effectively planning and managing European airport capacity

Management of European airport capacity will play a crucial role in the competi-tive development of European aviation. Lack of sufficient airport capacity will limit airlines service route offering, lead to upward price pressure and shift traffic to other modes of transportation such as rail, or in the case of intercontinental traf-fic, to other regions such as the Middle East. Overall, misalignment of demand limits regional mobility and restrains opportunities for economic growth. On the other hand, a substantial overcapacity would lead to inflated infrastructure costs with high aircraft and passenger fees or unnecessary government subsidies.