cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of failures and complications of cancer of the cervix

Cancer of the cervix, Stages III and IV, represents advanced cancer.’ Therefore, all modalities of therapy must be aggressive. This philosophy carries with it an increased complication rate. It is anticipated and accepted in the hope for an increased survival rate. Way” has stated that aggressive surgical therapy is very offensive to the purist surgeon but an aesthetic corpse is of little interest to anyone except a mortician. He reports that the treatment must be as ruthless as the disease itself. Most agree that cancer must be attacked vigorously but feel that this must be carried out without an inordinate morbidity or mortality. There are only 2 methods of treatment that give predictible opportunity for cure in the treatment of
Cyclooxygenase-2 Is Overexpressed in Human Cervical Cancer

Multiple lines of evidence suggest that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an important target for preventing epithelial malignancies. Little is known, however, about the expression of COX-2 in gynecological malignancies. By immunoblot analysis, COX-2 was detected in 12 of 13 cases of cervical cancer but was undetectable in normal cervical tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed COX-2 in malignant epithelial cells. COX-2 was also expressed in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. The mechanism by which COX-2 is up-regulated in cervical cancer is unknown. Because the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is commonly overexpressed in cervical cancer, we investigated whether EGF could induce COX-2 in cultured human cervical carcinoma cells. Treatment with EGF markedly induced COX-2 protein, COX-2 mRNA, and stimulated COX-2 promoter activity. The induction of COX-2 by EGF was suppressed by inhibitors of tyrosine kinase activity, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Moreover, overexpressing dominant-negative forms of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1, c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase, p38, and c-Jun blocked EGF-mediated induction of COX-2 promoter activity. Taken together, these findings suggest that deregulation of the EGF receptor signaling pathway may lead to enhanced COX-2 expression in cervical cancer.
M Type 1 and 3 Group A Streptococci Stimulate Tissue Factor-Mediated Procoagulant Activity in Human Monocytes and Endothelial Cells

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (StrepTSS) is an invasive infection characterized by marked coagulopathy, multiple organ failure, and rapid tissue destruction and is strongly associated with M type 1 and 3 group A streptococci (GAS). Initiation of the coagulation cascade with formation of microvascular thrombi contributes to multiple organ failure in human cases of gram-negative bacteremia; however, little is known regarding the mechanism of coagulopathy in StrepTSS. Thus, we investigated the abilities of several strains of M type 1 and 3 GAS isolated from human cases of StrepTSS to stimulate production of tissue factor (TF), the principal initiator of coagulation in vivo. Washed, killed M type 1 and 3 GAS, but not M type 6 GAS, elicited high-level TF-mediated procoagulant activity from both isolated human monocytes and cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. M type 1 GAS consistently elicited higher levels of TF from monocytes than did M type 3 GAS. GAS-induced TF synthesis in monocytes did not correlate with production of tumor necrosis factor alpha or interleukin-8. Conversely, M type 3 GAS were consistently more potent than M type 1 GAS in stimulating endothelial cell TF synthesis. These results demonstrate that (i) M type 1 and 3 strains of GAS are potent inducers of TF synthesis, (ii) GAS-induced TF synthesis is not simply an epiphenomenon of cytokine generation, and (iii) induction of TF in endothelial cells and monocytes may be M type specific. In total, these findings suggest that a novel interaction between GAS and host cells contributes to the observed coagulopathy in StrepTSS.
Observations on Water Content Changes in Stratified Sediments During Pit Rechargea, b

Two pit recharge tests were conducted at an instrumented research site near Tucson, Arizona using cooling tower blowdown effluent from a nearby power plant. The first trial in 1966 consisted of 142 days of continuous inundation. The second test in 1968, comprised 15 wet-dry cycles with a total inundation time of 80 days. Quantities recharged by the two management techniques were contrasted. Water content profiles, obtained via a “moisture logger” in 14 access wells, clearly delineated two principal zones of water transmission on mounds within stratified materials of the 80 ft zone of aeration at the site. During the continuous inundation test three stages were apparent in the history of these mounds: growth stage, equilibrium stage and drainage stage. It was possible to relate these various stages to intake characteristics of the pit. The development of models to characterize recharge within the zone of aeration in areas of the Tucson basin with geological controls similar to those at the recharge site, should accommodate the three stages in the history of mound development and dissipation.
A Type System for the Java Bytecode Language and Verifier

The Java Virtual Machine executes bytecode programs that may have been sent from other, possibly untrusted, locations on the network. Since the transmitted code may be written by a malicious party or corrupted during network transmission, the Java Virtual Machine contains a bytecode verifier to check the code for type errors before it is run. As illustrated by reported attacks on Java run-time systems, the verifier is essential for system security. However, no formal specification of the bytecode verifier exists in the Java Virtual Machine Specification published by Sun. In this paper, we develop such a specification in the form of a type system for a subset of the bytecode language. The subset includes classes, interfaces, constructors, methods, exceptions, and bytecode subroutines. We also present a type checking algorithm and prototype bytecode verifier implementation, and we conclude by discussing other applications of this work. For example, we show how to extend our formal system to check other program properties, such as the correct use of object locks.
An experimental design for field studies in speech

The authors examine two common research designs currently used for field studies in speech, develop a rationale for a small‐sample, replicated design, and report a study in which the design was tested.
Interest in technology transfer across academic disciplines: Publication trends, 1981 Thru 1989

Interest in technology transfer across academic disciplines highlights this paper. We reviewed an abstracting service via computer for the years 1981 thru 1989, concentrating on publication titles that included any of four key terms: diffusion of innovation; intrapreneurshipl internal corporate venturing; and technology transfer. This computerized search located 828 pages in science and engineering and 1765 pages in the social sciences. In science and engineering, about 44% of the pages relate to specific cases of technology transfer, and about 27% have an international focus. The opposite is true in the social sciences: cases comprise about 25% of the pages, while 55% have an international focus. Economics, with 470 pages, dominates the writings within the social sciences, as well as elsewhere. In science and engineering, three areas published the most: electrical engineering (147 pages), agriculture (127), and multidisciplinary science (126). The findings suggest that researchers interested in technology transfer would benefit by adopting a multidisciplinary perspective.
Effects of iron limitation and UV radiation on Phaeocystis antarctica growth and dimethylsulfoniopropionate, dimethylsulfoxide and acrylate concentrations

Environmental context Low iron concentrations and solar ultraviolet radiation can affect the growth of marine algae. We observed reduced growth and substantial increases in dissolved dimethylsulfoxide and cellular acrylate concentrations in low-iron cultures of a prevalent Southern Ocean algal species, Phaeocystis antarctica, with comparatively small increases observed for cellular dimethylsulfoniopropionate concentrations. Exposure of P. antarctica to high levels of ultraviolet and visible light had very little effect on concentrations of these compounds in culture, even under iron-limitation. Our results highlight the importance of iron to P. antarctica. Abstract Iron is a key nutrient regulating primary production in the Southern Ocean. We investigated the effect of iron limitation with and without exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 290–400nm) on concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and acrylate in axenic batch cultures of Phaeocystis antarctica, a dominant algal species in Antarctic waters. Cellular concentrations of DMSP and acrylate, and cell-number normalised dissolved DMSO concentrations were 1.4-, 11.5- and 6.9-fold higher in iron-limited cultures compared to iron-replete cultures, which we propose resulted from (1) increased reactions of DMSP and dimethylsulfide (DMS) with reactive oxygen species to produce DMSO and (2) increased DMSP cleavage under iron limitation to produce acrylate. Short-term exposure (4h) of iron-limited and iron-replete cultures to a range of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UVR+PAR irradiances did not appreciably affect P. antarctica biomass or total DMSP, DMSO or acrylate concentrations, except at high UVR intensities, suggesting that iron limitation was the primary driver regulating growth and changes in concentrations of these compounds in P. antarctica. High millimolar cellular DMSP and acrylate concentrations under both iron-replete and iron-limited conditions indicated that these two compounds served as de facto antioxidants allowing P. antarctica to thrive under high UVR exposure and low iron concentrations. High dissolved acrylate concentrations indicate significant carbon removal possibly as part of an overflow mechanism during unbalanced growth.
Investigations of the Secretory Immune System in Human Milk Using Monoclonal Antibodies

Secretory IgA (SIgA), the major immunoglobulin in human colostrum and milk, is a complex of glycopeptides. The pathway for the production of these molecules is complicated, since the peptide constituents of each molecule are the products of at least nine different genes and two different cell types. The major portion of the molecule is synthesized by specialized plasma cells which are part of the common mucosal immune system (1) and ultimately home to submucosal sites, including the lactating breast. Formation of an active immunoglobulin product within these plasma cells requires genetic rearrangements, post transcriptional modifications of the messenger RNA’s, and post translational modification and assembly of the nascent peptides. The completed product, polymeric IgA (PIgA) consists of at least four alpha (heavy) chains, four kappa or lambda (light) chains, and a single J or joining chain. These glycopeptide subunits are held together by noncovalent forces as well as interchain disulfide bridges.
Toxicity of Sulfide and Ammonium to Aedes triseriatus Larvae (Diptera: Culicidae) in Water-Filled Tree Holes and Tires

Ammonium and sulfide in water of tree hole and tire habitats of Aedes triseriatus Say larvae could accumulate to toxic levels, limiting growth and production of larvae and adults. Both ions were detected in water samples taken in longitudinal series over 11 dates from 10 habitats of each type during the larval growth season, at concentrations suggestive of reducing conditions in these habitats. Ammonium was more concentrated overall in water of both habitat types, while sulfide was more concentrated in tires than in tree holes. Water of tree holes was more acidic, whereas water in tires tended to be more basic, an important difference relative to the tendency of ammonium to form the more toxic ammonia moiety under basic conditions. Oxygen saturation was low in both habitat types, indicative of hypoxic conditions such that aerobic respiration would be limited. First-and fourth-instar larvae were sensitive to ammonium and sulfide in acute dose-response assays, but LC50 values were above maximum concentrations observed under field conditions, suggesting that toxic effects of ammonium and sulfide on larvae are not acute, but could be chronic.
Seasonal Abundance of the Screw-Worm in Northern Mexico

During 1953 regional similarities in activity patterns of the screw-worm, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were used to group infestations in northern Mexico into 5 provisional zones. In the first zone, widespread infestations were noted as early as April, with population peaks in July and October. In the second zone, sustained screw worm activity was limited to periods following rains. Patterns of screw-worm activity in the third zone were similar to those in the first, but the seasonal weather cycles were dissimilar. The fourth and fifth zones showed a single peak of screw-worm activity in the late summer.
Data Science, Statistical Modeling, and Financial and Health Care Reforms

This paper discusses some new trends in the field of Statistics, in response to technological innovations leading to “big data” as well as opportunities and challenges in the wake of health care and financial reform legislation.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Heterometallic Thorium Aluminum Polynuclear Molecular Clusters

Aluminum can undergo hydrolysis in aqueous solutions leading to the formation of soluble molecular clusters, including polynuclear species that range from 1 to 2 nm in diameter. While the behavior of aluminum has been extensively investigated, much less is known about the hydrolysis of more complex mixed-metal systems. This study focuses on the structural characteristics of heterometallic thorium–aluminum molecular species that may have important implications for the speciation of tetravalent actinides in radioactive waste streams and environmental systems. Two mixed metal (Th4+/Al3+) polynuclear species have been synthesized under ambient conditions and structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. [Th2Al6(OH)14(H2O)12(hedta)2](NO3)6(H2O)12 (ThAl1) crystallizes in space group P21/c with unit cell parameters of a = 11.198(1) A, b = 14.210(2) A, c = 23.115(3) A, and β = 96.375° and [Th2Al8(OH)12(H2O)10(hdpta)4](H2O)21 (ThAl2) was modeled in P1 with a = 13.136(4) A, b = 14.481(4) A, c = 1...
Incorporating radiation transport into particle-based plasma simulations

In an effort to expand modern Particle-in-Cell (PIC) plasma simulations, a method for including radiation transport is examined. Tracking the dynamics of radiation transport in plasma simulations is inherently difficult and most models use either a semi-empirical or a propagator function approach. Here, discrete photons are emitted from excited state species with a state-dependent wavelength. This self-produced emission from the plasma is broadened according to natural and Doppler line widths resulting in a Voigt profile and emitted isotropically. By directly tracking the velocities of the excited species that emit radiation, the Doppler shift is easily found and the expensive convolution calculation for the Voigt profile is avoided. Absorption cross sections of radiation by the background neutral gas cross sections for ground-state are determined as a function of the emission profile. As such, discrete photon particles also have the advantage of being easily coupled to an existing collision routine such as Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) or Monte Carlo Collision (MCC). Simulations of helium and air discharges demonstrate the effectiveness of this method for determining non-equilibrium emission spectra and incorporating energy-dependent photo-processes (e.g. photoemission, photo-ionization).
Low rank approximation with entrywise l1-norm error

We study the l1-low rank approximation problem, where for a given n x d matrix A and approximation factor α ≤ 1, the goal is to output a rank-k matrix Â for which ‖A-Â‖1 ≤ α · min rank-k matrices A′ ‖A-A′‖1, where for an n x d matrix C, we let ‖C‖1 = ∑i=1n ∑j=1d |Ci,j|. This error measure is known to be more robust than the Frobenius norm in the presence of outliers and is indicated in models where Gaussian assumptions on the noise may not apply. The problem was shown to be NP-hard by Gillis and Vavasis and a number of heuristics have been proposed. It was asked in multiple places if there are any approximation algorithms. We give the first provable approximation algorithms for l1-low rank approximation, showing that it is possible to achieve approximation factor α = (logd) #183; poly(k) in nnz(A) + (n+d) poly(k) time, where nnz(A) denotes the number of non-zero entries of A. If k is constant, we further improve the approximation ratio to O(1) with a poly(nd)-time algorithm. Under the Exponential Time Hypothesis, we show there is no poly(nd)-time algorithm achieving a (1+1/log1+γ(nd))-approximation, for γ > 0 an arbitrarily small constant, even when k = 1. We give a number of additional results for l1-low rank approximation: nearly tight upper and lower bounds for column subset selection, CUR decompositions, extensions to low rank approximation with respect to lp-norms for 1 ≤ p
Aspects of Intermediality: Objective Agency, Wonderment, and Transversal Refractions from the Age of Shakespeare

omething that every theater-maker knows is that objects perform. Or, they are made to perform. Performance theorists and theater semioticians have a term for this, “ostention.
The impact of short-term permits on competition in unlicensed spectrum

Motivated in part by the success of WiFi, there is much interest in expanding the amount of spectrum available for unlicensed access, even at lower “prime” frequencies. Having easy access to new spectrum can provide a means of increasing competition in the wireless service market and promote the development of new technologies. On the other hand, potential risks are that such spectrum may have a higher risk of becoming congested and can make it more difficult for service providers (SPs) to differentiate their services from each other. Indeed, several papers have shown that when SPs compete on price in such a setting, the price can get competed to zero. This may lead to SP's being unwilling to invest and offer service. Here, we consider a different market structure, in which SPs must buy short-term permits from a regulator in order use the spectrum band. We argue that under such an approach, the SPs are better modeled as competing on quantity (number of permits) instead of price. We analyze a model for such a market and show that in this case, multiple SPs can maintain a non-zero profit. Moreover, there is a range of bandwidth over which this achieves a higher welfare than price competition even accounting for the additional permit cost charged to the SPs.
Constructing Israeli and Palestinian Identity: A Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis of World History Textbooks and Teacher Discourse.

0 0 1 95 543 FHAO 4 1 637 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} This research critically evaluates the depiction of Israelis and Palestinians in World History textbooks and World History teachers’ instructional discourse. Employing a Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis methodology, offers a comparison between written narratives and spoken discourse in order to analyze the portrayals found in classrooms. This research found that Israelis and Palestinians are almost entirely depicted in relation to war and conflict. This establishes parameters for the ways either population can be characterized while obscuring substantive recognition of either community’s diversity and cultural identities.
Structural glenoid grafting during primary reverse total shoulder arthroplasty using humeral head autograft

Background Large glenoid bone defects in the setting of glenohumeral arthritis can present a challenge to the shoulder arthroplasty surgeon. The results of large structural autografting at the time of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) are relatively unknown. Methods This retrospective case series describes the clinical and radiographic results of large structural autografting from the humeral head to the glenoid during primary RTSA. Results Of 17 patients who met inclusion criteria, 14 (82% follow-up) were evaluated postoperatively at a mean of 2.6 years (range, 2.0-5.4 years). Mean inclination correction was 19° ± 12° (range, 3°-35°). Complications occurred in 3 patients, including 1 transient brachial plexus palsy, 1 loose baseplate, and 1 dislocation treated with closed reduction. Radiographic images showed 100% of grafts incorporated. Active forward elevation improved from 80° ± 40° to 130° ± 49° (P = .028). The visual analog scale score for pain improved from 8.1 ± 1.3 to 2.5 ± 3.1 (P = .005). The Simple Shoulder Test improved from 1.8 ± 1.1 to 6.5 ± 4 (P = .012). The American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score improved from 22 ± 10 to 66 ± 25 (P = .012). All patients (100%) were satisfied, and all patients (93%) but 1 stated that they would undergo the procedure again if given the chance. Conclusions RTSA incorporating structural grafting of the glenoid with humeral head autograft results in significant improvements in active forward elevation, pain, and function, with a low complication rate. This technique can reliably be used to achieve correction of large (up to 35°) glenoid defects with a 93% chance of baseplate survival and a 100% chance of graft incorporation in the short-term.
Why Do Firms Hedge? An Asymmetric Information Model

We present an asymmetric information model of hedging that has the insight that hedging is undertaken by managers with higher ability who wish to lock-in the greater profits that result from that ability, thereby allowing the market to learn this higher ability more quickly. Thus, hedging is an attempt to improve the informativeness of the learning process by the higher ability manager. We analyze two models: First, a model in which managers care only about their reputations. In this case, we show that an intuitive equilibrium involving hedging by higher ability managers always exists. Lower ability managers also hedge when differences in abilities are low but do not hedge when differences in abilities are high. We then consider a second model in which managers hold equity in the firm in addition to caring for their managerial reputations. The presence of FDIC insurance or pre-existing debt makes hedging costly to equity holders as it is a variance-reducing activity. However, the cost of hedging is lower for higher ability managers. This leads to both types of managers not hedging when difference in ability is low. At higher differences in ability, the intuitive equilibrium in which the higher ability manager hedges exists. In this equilibrium, greater separation occurs relative to the case in which managers were only concerned about their reputations.
Tropical forests for sustainable development: Shaping the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development with knowledge from the field

When considering themes for the annual symposium to be held in January of 2016, the Yale Chapter of the International Society of Tropical Foresters (Yale ISTF) sought to have both a timely and inte...
What are the ethics of welfare economics? And, are welfare economists utilitarians?

Four questions: (1) What is welfare economics? (2) Is it an ethical system? (3) How do welfare economists differ from one another? And (4), how do they differ from other economic ethicists? Then utilitarianism is discussed. I was taught, and have inferred to others, that welfare economists are utilitarians. They are not. Welfare economics is an atypical form of welfare consequentialism: consequentialist in that whether an act or policy is right or wrong is a function of only its consequences—the adjective “welfare” because the only consequences that matter are the welfare (well-faring) consequences. Most welfare consequentialists are neither welfare economists nor utilitarians. And, most moral philosophers are not welfare consequentialists—neither are most normal folk.
Superconducting and Magnetic Phase Boundaries in Doped Cu-Based Superconducting Oxides: Contrasting Charging and Pair Breaking Mechanisms

After several years of intensive study of the high transition temperature superconducting oxides (HTS), the nature and origin of the pairing mechanism has eluded investigators. Theories with local, real space pairing and more conventional models with k-space pairing have evolved and a variety of mechanisms have been proposed.1–5 A useful and now well known method of probing the relevant interactions in both low and high temperature superconductivity is through the use of impurities selected to investigate specific aspects of the response of the system to controlled perturbations, with particular emphasis given to changes of the superconducting properties.
Beyond left versus right

Abstract Current trends indicate the onset of a new era driven by the imperatives of information technology. Technology seems likely to unify left and right wing positions at all economic levels. At the corporate level, progressive firms are evolving into decentralized networks of self-managed ventures that resemble free markets, while being governed as coalitions of stakeholders that integrate profit and social goals into a broader, democratic form of business. At the national level, the USA, Europe and Japan are forming business-government-labour partnerships to create a more sophisticated economic system that fosters both democratic cooperation and free enterprise competition. Socialist states are also beginning to adopt similar principles. These trends suggest the Information Age may produce a new standard of political economy—‘Democratic Free Enterprise’—that represents a synthesis of liberal and conservative ideals.
Animal Models for Anxiety Disorders

Anxiety disorders are characterized by overwhelming anxiety or fear and are chronic and relentless if left untreated. Current available treatments for anxiety disorders are inadequate and some have severe side effects, thus warranting a better understanding of the etiology and mechanisms underlying anxiety and the development of anxiety disorders. In this chapter, the use of animal models to identify molecular and cellular circuitry that regulate fear or anxiety, and the influence of environment on the development of fear or anxiety, are discussed.
The Chief Peril Is Not a DSM Diagnosis but the Polarized Mind

This article calls on organized psychiatry and psychology to wake up and address a major underappreciated discrepancy. This is the discrepancy between diagnostic nomenclature for therapy clients an...
Horizontal and Vertical Dimensions

The contemporary era is a time of synthesis. Commonsense, religion, and science not only exist side by side but also follow one another, serving as platforms or playgrounds for individuals and individual life. At any particular time, one living in commonsense can gain access to religion as it spreads in different doctrines, denominations, and sections around the world. One navigating either commonsensical or religious world can secure exposure to science as it permeates in many aspects of the social structure and various episodes of the social process. Over time, one typically lands in commonsense at birth, onsets to religion through family and rearing, and takes in science by way of school and education. This chapter navigates individual life vertically and horizontally from commonsense to religion to science to a combination thereof. With regard to “rituals,” for example, contemporaries follow a fixed routine every time. They use a planned schedule all the time. They create, fund, watch, and play games as ritualized activities. They celebrate fictions and fictional happenings in a ceremonial fashion on stage, in print, via screen, through theatre, and across cyberspace.
Robots in the Radiopharmaceutical Laboratory…Will They Replace the Chemist?

Over the past decade, numerous devices have been described for the remote synthesis of compounds labelled with radionuclides. The impetus for the construction of these devices was primarily one of safety: the reduction of radiation dose to personnel responsible for the production of these compounds. Other reasons for devoting time and labor into the manufacture of these apparatus were more of a practical nature: reducing operator error and allowing radiochemists to make more efficient use of their time. In the field of Positron Emission Tomography (PET), apparatus that has been constructed for the remote synthesis of positron emitting radiopharmaceuticals has ranged from the manual operation of remote devices (via electrically or pneumatically-operated valves and switches) to computer-controlled devices which operate continuously without operator intervention.1–8 The complexity of these devices depended on the needs of the facility in order to safely provide routine doses of the desired radiopharmaceuticals. Factors affecting apparatus design were the amount of feedback incorporated into the device, the number of manipulations performed by the apparatus, whether the device was intended to be used for other radiopharmaceutical syntheses, and finally, the amount of operator interaction with the device.
Point-of-use robotic sensors for simultaneous pressure detection and chemical analysis

The development of sensors for monitoring hazardous materials in security and environmental applications has been increasing in the last few years. In particular, organophosphates pose a serious health threat that affects the food and agriculture industries. Hence, their rapid on-site detection is highly desired, especially through remote robotic sampling that can minimize the exposure of humans to these hazardous chemicals. To handle sample collection, a robotic manipulator requires tactile feedback, to ensure that no damage will be done to either the robot or the other object in contact due to excessive force. To provide tactile feedback, porous polydimethylsiloxane pressure sensors based on a capacitive mechanism were chosen here, and integrated with enzyme-based electrochemical sensors specific for organophosphate compounds (e.g. methyl paraoxon). This results in a hybrid physical–chemical sensing glove that can simultaneously measure the pressure and chemical target without interference between the two sensors. Our pressure sensors showed >55% relative capacitance change per 10 kPa applied pressure, with an average sensitivity (S) of 0.057 ± 0.004 kPa−1 in the 3–20 kPa range and a maximum sensitivity of 0.30 ± 0.08 kPa−1 in the <0.05 kPa range. The chemical biosensors showed a detection range of 20–180 μM for methyl paraoxon in the liquid phase. We have thus combined low-cost chemical and pressure sensors together on disposable, retrofitting gloves, and demonstrated simultaneous tactile sensing and organophosphate pesticide detection in a point-of-use robotic field platform that is scalable, economical, and adaptable for different security, environmental, and food-safety applications.
Specific Disruption of Established P. aeruginosa Biofilms Using Polymer-Attacking Enzymes

Abstract Biofilms are communities of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix of self-produced polymeric substances. This polymer matrix lends the bacteria protection against a wide array of chemical and mechanical stresses that they may experience in their environment, which might be a location in the human body in the case of a biofilm infection, or a surface immersed in fluid in an industrial setting. Breaking down the matrix network renders biofilms more susceptible to physical disruption and to treatments. Different species of bacteria, and different strains within the same species, produce different types of matrix polymers – this suggests that targeting specific polymers for disruption may be more effective than non-specific approaches to disrupting biofilm matrices. In this study, we treated Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms with enzymes that are specific to different matrix polymers. We used bulk rheology to measure the resulting alteration in biofilm mechanics, and scanning electron microscopy to visualize the alteration in the matrix network upon treatment. Different lab strains of P. aeruginosa form biofilms that can be dominated by one of three main extracellular polysaccharides: Psl, alginate, and Pel, which binds electrostatically to extracellular DNA in the matrix. We applied enzymes to biofilms dominated by different extracellular polysaccharides and found that, for biofilms grown in vitro, the effect of enzymatic treatment is maximized when the enzyme is specific to a dominant matrix polymer – for such a case, specifically-matched enzymatic treatment tends to: reduce yield strain and yield stress; reduce or eliminate long-range structure and shorten or eliminate connecting network fibers in the biofilm as seen under scanning electron microscopy; and increase the rate of biofilm drying, most likely due to increased diffusivity as a result of network compromise. However, for ex vivo biofilms grown in murine wounds, we find that generic glycoside hydrolases have more profound disruptive effects than specifically-matched enzymes, even though they had no measurable effect for biofilms grown in vitro. This highlights the importance of the environment in which the biofilms are grown, the need to take this into account when developing treatments for biofilms, and the possibility that effective approaches to eradicating biofilms in environmental or industrial settings may need to be very different from effective treatments of infection.
EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF MIDDLE SCHOOL AT-RISK STUDENTS WITH LEARNING AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

Culturally and linguistically diverse students with learning disorders (LD) and emotional or behavioral disorders (E/BD) have higher school dropout rates than their peers with and without disabilities. The primary purpose of this study was to determine how early potential dropouts could be identified. Research questions included the following: (a) What variable( s) best predict group membership (high, moderate, or low risk)? (b) How early can group membership be predicted? (c) Are there significant differences between students with LD and those with E/BD? and (d) Are there significant differences between ethnic groups? Participants were 28 middle school students with LD and E/BD. Results indicated that teachers' comments about discipline problems in the first grade distinguished group membership.
Mountains and People in a Warming World

In this chapter, I give an overview of concepts that will affect and guide human activity in a warming West. Ecosystem services, introduced early on, form a unidirectional flow from the mountains to society. Water and recreational opportunities are two examples of these. I discuss limits to ecosystem services and conflicts over them. Resource management comprises the ideas and actions of those who control natural resources. Mitigation and adaptation are two human responses to a warming climate. Mitigation works globally, as in reducing atmospheric CO2. Adaptation work locally, as in using the tactics of “resistance” vs. “resilience” to reduce the negative consequences of global warming. I introduce the idea of “anti-fragile” management, which is robust to disorder or rapid change, or can even gain from them. To wrap up the book, I talk about wildness in a warming West. For example, what is the future of “pristine”, “untrammeled”, and “protected” areas? Can they survive climate change and the reshaping of ecosystems? Where in the West? For how many decades?
Seasonal Ely Copper Mine Superfund site shotgun metagenomic and metatranscriptomic data analysis.

Abstract High throughput sequencing data collected from acid rock drainage (ARD) communities can reveal the active taxonomic and functional diversity of these extreme environments, which can be exploited for bioremediation, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. Here, we report a seasonal comparison of a microbiome and transcriptome in Ely Brook (EB-90M), a confluence of clean water and upstream tributaries that drains the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site in Vershire, VT, USA. Nucleic acids were extracted from EB-90M water and sediment followed by shotgun sequencing using the Illumina NextSeq platform. Approximately 575,933 contigs with a total length of 1.54 Gbp were generated. Contigs of at least a size of 3264 (N50) or greater represented 50% of the sequences and the longest contig was 488,568 bp in length. Using Centrifuge against the NCBI “nt” database 141 phyla, including candidate phyla, were detected. Roughly 380,000 contigs were assembled and ∼1,000,000 DNA and ∼550,000 cDNA sequences were identified and functionally annotated using the Prokka pipeline. Most expressed KEGG-annotated microbial genes were involved in amino acid metabolism and several KEGG pathways were differentially expressed between seasons. Biosynthetic gene clusters involved in secondary metabolism as well as metal- and antibiotic-resistance genes were annotated, some of which were differentially expressed, colocalized, and coexpressed. These data can be used to show how ecological stimuli, such as seasonal variations and metal concentrations, affect the ARD microbiome and select taxa to produce novel natural products. The data reported herein is supporting information for the research article “Characterization of an acid rock drainage microbiome and transcriptome at the Ely Copper Mine Superfund site” by Giddings et al. [1] .
Abstract IA11: The War on Melanoma: Oregon’s early detection experiment

Early detection of melanoma has several advantages over treatment of late-stage disease. Cure rates are higher, disfigurement is reduced, both short-term and long-term side effects from unnecessary systemic therapies are avoided, and most importantly, a large number of lives of individuals who would never have responded to these treatments in the first place are saved. Early detection is also likely to reduce the overall cost of care because early-stage treatments are far less expensive than those used in advanced disease. Despite the potential benefits of screening and early detection, relatively few prospective interventional studies have been performed to objectively demonstrate effectiveness or quantify the effects. However, multivariate data do show that a basic awareness of skin health and appearance (not requiring specialized knowledge of melanoma features) is associated with early detection of melanoma. The purpose of the War on Melanoma research study is to prospectively test whether a statewide early-detection campaign can improve melanoma outcomes. We will compare three objective metrics before and after the intervention (the education campaign): (1) melanoma knowledge in the general public by survey of a representative population sample; (2) state cancer registry data on stage, mortality, etc.; and (3) cost information from an all-claims, all-payers database. We hypothesize that there will be an increase in melanoma-specific knowledge in the general public, an improved prognosis at the time of diagnosis, and a decrease in melanoma mortality in Oregon compared to two control states (Utah and Washington). We will also quantify the difference in cost of care for melanoma before and after the campaign and will determine if these costs are associated with knowledge levels and/or prognostic/mortality data. These results will provide a model for future early-detection campaigns in other states or for other cancers, by providing evidence for the impact of public health education. Citation Format: Sancy A. Leachman, Jodi Lapidus, Kemal Sonmez, Michael Heath, Brian Detweiler-Bedell, Jerusha Detweiler-Bedell, Elizabeth G. Berry, Elizabeth Stoos. The War on Melanoma: Oregon’s early detection experiment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Melanoma: From Biology to Target; 2019 Jan 15-18; Houston, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(19 Suppl):Abstract nr IA11.
Identifying septic pollution exposure routes during a waterborne norovirus outbreak - A new application for human-associated microbial source tracking qPCR.

Abstract In June 2017, the Pennsylvania Department of Health (PADOH) was notified of multiple norovirus outbreaks associated with 179 ill individuals who attended separate events held at an outdoor venue and campground over a month period. Epidemiologic investigations were unable to identify a single exposure route and therefore unable to determine whether there was a persistent contamination source to target for exposure mitigation. Norovirus was detected in a fresh recreational water designated swimming area and a drinking water well. A hydrogeological site evaluation suggested a nearby septic leach field as a potential contamination source via ground water infiltration. Geological characterization revealed a steep dip of the bedrock beneath the septic leach field toward the well, providing a viral transport pathway in a geologic medium not previously documented as high risk for viral ground water contamination. The human-associated microbial source tracking (MST) genetic marker, HF183, was used as a microbial tracer to demonstrate the hydrogeological connection between the malfunctioning septic system, drinking water well, and recreational water area. Based on environmental investigation findings, venue management and local public health officials implemented a series of outbreak prevention strategies including discontinuing the use of the contaminated well, issuing a permit for a new drinking water well, increasing portable toilet and handwashing station availability, and promoting proper hand hygiene. Despite the outbreaks at the venue and evidence of ground water contamination impacting nearby recreational water and the drinking water well, no new norovirus cases were reported during a large event one week after implementing prevention practices. This investigation highlights a new application for human-associated MST methods to trace hydrological connections between multiple fecal pollutant exposure routes in an outbreak scenario. In turn, pollutant source information can be used to develop effective intervention practices to mitigate exposure and prevent future outbreaks associated with human fecal contaminated waters.
A single institution experience with Laparoscopic Hernia repair in 791 children

Abstract Introduction There are many described technique to performing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair in children. We describe our outcomes using a percutaneous internal ring suturing technique. Methods A retrospective review of patients under 18 years old who underwent repair between January 2014 - March 2019 was performed. A percutaneous internal ring suturing technique, involving hydro-dissection of the peritoneum, percutaneous suture passage, and cauterization of the peritoneum in the sac prior to high ligation, was used. p Results 791 patients were included. The median age at operation was 1.9 years (IQR 0.37, 5.82). The median operative time for a unilateral repair was 21 min (IQR 16, 28), while the median time for a bilateral repair was 30.5 min (IQR 23, 41). In total, 3 patients required conversion to an open procedure (0.4%), 4 (0.6%) experienced post-operative bleeding, 9 (1.2%) developed a wound infection, and iatrogenic ascent of testis occurred in 10 (1.3%) patients. Twenty patients (2.5%) developed a recurrent hernia. All but two were re-repaired laparoscopically. Conclusions The use of percutaneous internal ring suturing for laparoscopic repair of inguinal hernias in the pediatric population is safe and effective with a low rate of complications and recurrence.
Cereal gums

Cereal gums are reviewed with regard to their chemistry and importance. After a short introduction into the early history of the gums, difficulties involved in study of gums are outlined, and the major sources of the gums are described. A detailed description of various methods for preparing the gums from the natural source is followed by reference to investigations dealing with the gross composition of the gums. The composition of the hexosan and pentosan fractions, as revealed by chemical methods is substantiated by enzymatic degradation methods. The importance and practical implications of cereal gums in malting, wheat milling, starch recovery and purification, and bread baking are outlined.
Targeted immunotherapies to consider for B Cell non-hodgkin lymphoma

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is a disease spectrum of multiple subtypes with many potential targets. Given the heterogeneity and evolving landscape for targeted therapy, incorporation of therapeutics in th...
One-loop structure of parton distribution for the gluon condensate and "zero modes''

We present results for one-loop corrections to the recently introduced "gluon condensate" PDF $F(x)$. In particular, we give expression for the $gg$-part of its evolution kernel. To enforce strict compliance with the gauge invariance requirements, we have used on-shell states for external gluons, and have obtained identical results both in Feynman and light-cone gauges. No "zero mode" $\delta (x)$ terms were found for the twist-4 gluon PDF $F(x)$. However a $q^2 \delta (x)$ term was found for the $\xi=0$ GPD $F(x,q^2)$ at nonzero momentum transfer $q$. Overall, our results are in drastic disagreement with the original attempt of one-loop calculation of $F(x)$ for gluon states, which sets alarm warning for calculations that use matrix elements with virtual external gluons and for lattice renormalization procedures based on their results.
CHAPTER 54 – Parameter Estimation of the Fluorodeoxyglucose Model with a Neural Network

An artificial neural network (ANN) is a trainable algorithm that can produce an output appropriate for a given input. Such networks can be applied in a wide variety of pattern recognition tasks, including parameter estimation. The potential advantages of using ANNs for parameter estimation are speed and noise tolerance. The parameter estimation task studied is the five-parameter fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) model ( K 1 , k 2 , k 3 , k 4 , and V p ). Training and test data sets are generated from a program that produces both blood time–activity curves (TACs) and tissue TACs using the FDG model. The parameters of both the blood and FDG models are randomized to produce 1,000 data sets for training and six separate 1,000 data sets for testing. One test data set is noise free and the others had 5, 10, 15, 20, and 30% SD normally distributed noise injected into the tissue TAC only. The ANN was a three-layer network trained with back propagation. The input consisted of 20 points from the blood TAC and 20 points from the tissue TAC. Differing numbers of hidden nodes were tested. Best results are obtained with three hidden nodes, estimating only glucose metabolic rate. Performance was considerably better than with graphical analysis. This suggests that ANNs may be an effective approach to generate pixel-by-pixel functional images.
A higher conductivity Bi2O3-based electrolyte

Abstract We have developed a Bi 2 O 3 electrolyte doped with Dy 2 O 3 and WO 3 (DyWSB) that exhibits a higher conductivity than that of 20 mol% erbia stabilized bismuth oxide (20ESB), thus, giving it the highest conductivity of any known solid oxide electrolyte. Electrical conductivity results of the Dy–W stabilized bismuth oxide system are presented. The dopants were selected based on their polarizability and its effect on structural stability and conductivity. At 800 °C, the conductivity of (BiO 1.5 ) 0.88 (DyO 1.5 ) 0.08 (WO 3 ) 0.04 is 0.57 S/cm (1.5 times as high as that of 20ESB), and at 500 °C, the conductivity is 0.043 S/cm (2 times as high as that of 20ESB).