cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
TO PACE OR NOT TO PACE: CONDUCTION DISEASE AS A COMPLICATING FEATURE OF INFILTRATIVE LYMPHOMAS

Cardiac metastasis is a common feature of primary lymphoma and can infiltrate the conduction system. Development of symptoms is dependent on tumor size and location, and can lead to permanent pacing. A 57-year-old male with diffuse large B cell lymphoma complained of dizziness, with an
Effect of Myleran and 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP) on the Serum Level of Vitamin B12 in Chronic Myelocytic Leukemia

Serum vitamin B12 determinations and the total leukocyte counts were made at regular intervals in chronic myelocytic leukemia patients before, during and after therapy with 6-MP or Myleran. The results indicate that a reduction in total leukocytes following therapy is followed by a gradual lowering of serum vitamin B12. The levels of serum vitamin B12 at the completion of therapy may be related to the duration of remission.
Concordance of breast cancer biomarker status between routine immunohistochemistry/in situ hybridization and Oncotype DX qRT-PCR with investigation of discordance, a study of 591 cases.

Summary Patients with estrogen receptor (ER)+/human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)2–, lymph node– breast cancer with high recurrence risk benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy in addition to hormonal therapy. This study compares ER, progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status between routine immunohistochemistry (IHC)/in situ hybridization (ISH) and Oncotype DX (ODX) in 591 cases. ODX recurrence score (RS) and clinicopathologic features were compared between ER/PR-concordant and discordant cases. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides from ER discordant cases were reexamined. Concordance was high between ODX and IHC for ER status (580/591, 98.1%) and moderate for PR status (512/591, 86.6%). All 11 ER discordant cases were ER+ by IHC but ER– by ODX and high risk by ODX. Histologically, all of these cases were grade III invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), except one case diagnosed as IDC with apocrine features. Although this case was grade I and ER/PR+ by IHC, this patient received chemotherapy because of high RS. Of 79 PR discordant cases, 60 were PR+ by IHC but PR– by ODX. Five hundred eighty-four cases had available HER2 data, with high negative agreement (580/582, 99.7%). However, both HER2+ cases by ISH were HER2– by ODX. Mean RS was higher for ER discordant than concordant cases (48.0 versus 17.1, P
Optics-free imaging of complex, non-sparse and color QR-codes with deep neural networks

We demonstrate optics-free imaging of complex color and monochrome QR-codes using a bare image sensor and trained artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANN is trained to interpret the raw sensor data for human visualization. The image sensor is placed at a specified gap (1mm, 5mm and 10mm) from the QR code. We studied the robustness of our approach by experimentally testing the output of the ANNs with system perturbations of this gap, and the translational and rotational alignments of the QR code to the image sensor. Our demonstration opens us the possibility of using completely optics-free, non-anthropocentric cameras for application-specific imaging of complex, non-sparse objects.
Uncertainty Aware Wildfire Management.

Recent wildfires in the United States have resulted in loss of life and billions of dollars, destroying countless structures and forests. Fighting wildfires is extremely complex. It is difficult to observe the true state of fires due to smoke and risk associated with ground surveillance. There are limited resources to be deployed over a massive area and the spread of the fire is challenging to predict. This paper proposes a decision-theoretic approach to combat wildfires. We model the resource allocation problem as a partially-observable Markov decision process. We also present a data-driven model that lets us simulate how fires spread as a function of relevant covariates. A major problem in using data-driven models to combat wildfires is the lack of comprehensive data sources that relate fires with relevant covariates. We present an algorithmic approach based on large-scale raster and vector analysis that can be used to create such a dataset. Our data with over 2 million data points is the first open-source dataset that combines existing fire databases with covariates extracted from satellite imagery. Through experiments using real-world wildfire data, we demonstrate that our forecasting model can accurately model the spread of wildfires. Finally, we use simulations to demonstrate that our response strategy can significantly reduce response times compared to baseline methods.
Design, Detail, and Attachment of Shelf Angles to Concrete and Masonry

AbstractShelf angles are attached to the structural system and are designed and detailed properly to provide support for veneer walls. They are secured to concrete or masonry structural systems thr...
Keeping in Step With 'Swift Discipline': Why Some Cases Should be Disposed of By Discharge Instead of Court-Martial

This paper proposes that certain low-level offenses committed by military members would be better disposed of by administrative discharge proceedings rather than court-martial proceedings. I address the costs associated with prosecuting a case versus processing an administrative discharge, the timelines associated with these actions, and other considerations. The idea behind this proposition is to bring to light the unique needs of the military mission, and that above all, military JAGs and Commanders must ensure good order and discipline is maintained. Ultimately, it is more cost and time effective to quickly remove a member from the military via a discharge when low-level offenses are committed versus keeping them in the service while pending court-martial charges. Low-level offenses in this context include specifically drug use and possession offenses, and other non-violent, non-sexual misconduct offenses that are likely viewed as petty misdemeanors or other trivial misdemeanors.
Consequences of adolescent alcohol use on adult hippocampal neurogenesis and hippocampal integrity.

Abstract Alcohol is the most commonly used drug among adolescents. Their decreased sensitivity to self-regulating cues to stop drinking coincides with an enhanced vulnerability to negative outcomes of excessive drinking. In adolescents, the hippocampus is one brain region that is particularly susceptible to alcohol-induced neurodegeneration. While cell death is causal, alcohol effects on adult neurogenesis also impact hippocampal structure and function. This review describes what little is known about adolescent-specific effects of alcohol on adult neurogenesis and its relationship to hippocampal integrity. For example, alcohol intoxication inhibits neurogenesis persistently in adolescents but produces aberrant neurogenesis after alcohol dependence. Little is known, however, about the role of adolescent-born neurons in hippocampal integrity or the mechanisms of these effects. Understanding the role of neurogenesis in adolescent alcohol use and misuse is critical to our understanding of adolescent susceptibility to alcohol pathology and increased likelihood of developing alcohol problems in adulthood.
A Primer on Ugaritic: Language, Culture and Literature

1. Ancient Ugarit 2. School texts: introducing the language and alphabet 3. Letters (KTU 2): an inductive introduction to Ugaritic 4. Administrative texts (KTU 4) 5. Legal texts (KTU 3) 6. Literary texts (KTU 1) 7. Grammatical precis.
Hepatic expression levels of interferons and interferon-stimulated genes in patients with chronic hepatitis C: A phenotype–genotype correlation study

IFNL4 is linked to hepatitis C virus treatment response and type III interferons (IFNs). We studied the functional associations among hepatic expressions of IFNs and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), and treatment response to peginterferon and ribavirin. Type I IFNs (IFNA1, IFNB1), type II (IFNG), type III (IFNL1, IFNL2/3), IFNL4 and ISG hepatic expressions were measured by qPCR from in 65 chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients whose IFNL4-associated rs368234815 and IFNL3-associated rs12989760 genotype were determined. There was a robust correlation of hepatic expression within type I and type III IFNs and between type III IFNs and IFNL4 but no correlation between other IFN types. Expression of ISGs correlated with type III IFNs and IFNL4 but not with type I IFNs. Levels of ISGs and IFNL2/3 mRNAs were lower in IFNL3 rs12979860 CC patients compared with non-CC patients, and in treatment responders, compared with nonresponders. IFNL4-ΔG genotype was associated with high ISG levels and nonresponse. Hepatic levels of ISGs in CHC are associated with IFNL2/3 and IFNL4 expression, suggesting that IFNLs, not other types of IFNs, drive ISG expression. Hepatic IFNL2/3 expression is functionally linked to IFNL4 and IFNL3 polymorphisms, potentially explaining the tight association among ISG expression and treatment response.
In the Wake of the Great Recession: Economic Uncertainty, Communication, and Biological Stress Responses in Families

The impact of spouses' communication about economic uncertainty on biological stress responses was examined. The sample included 82 Latino and Caucasian couples and one of their adolescents. Wives with low economic uncertainty experienced the greatest cortisol increase to a stressful discussion with their spouse, while wives with high economic uncertainty experienced a blunted cortisol response. Husbands with high economic uncertainty exhibited a low, unresponsive cortisol pattern. Wives who experienced elevated cortisol used more corumination and had low community support. The amount parents talked about their financial worries to their adolescent was not associated with the adolescent's mental health or biosocial markers, but the parents' economic uncertainty and corumination with each other were negatively associated with their own mental health.
Spanish-English Bilingual Social Workers: Meeting the Linguistic Needs of Latino/a Clients

Speaking with clients in Spanish is one aspect of providing culturally appropriate services among the growing Latino population in the United States; however, the lack of Spanish-English bilingual social workers in rural communities in the Midwest necessitates an examination of social service providers. In this practice corner article, the author (a) reviews background information on bilingual social workers and (b) examines social service providers in the state of Minnesota who employ bilingual social workers. One significant implication is social service providers collaborating with social work educators in the development of specific curricula for students who will work with Latino clients.
From Bad to Worse?: Some Early Speculation About the Roberts Court and the Constitutional Fate of the Poor

Conventional wisdom - supported in large measure by blackletter law - suggests that discrimination on the basis of wealth or class largely escapes constitutional sanction. If the conventional wisdom is correct, then issues of class and equal protection represent one area in which advocates of a more robust individual rights jurisprudence have little to fear from the Roberts Court. In this Essay, prepared for a Symposium on "The Roberts Court and Equal Protection: Gender, Race, and Class," Professor Siegel offers a contrary view. He makes three related observations. First, existing caselaw is more complex than usually acknowledged, offering substantial interstitial protection against class discrimination. Second, the Rehnquist Court, though not a major innovator in this area, largely respected the doctrinal status quo. Finally, the first terms of the Roberts Court offer a number of reasons to question whether the Roberts Court will do the same.
Carrageenan-induced decline of natural killer activity: I. In vitro activation of adherent non-T-suppressor cells☆

Abstract Short-term in vitro exposure of spleen cells of (C57BL/6 × C3H)F 1 or BALB/c mice to ι-carrageenan (100 μg/ml) induces the expression of suppressor activity. Suppressor function is assessed in vitro as inhibition of natural cytotoxicity against YAC-1 lymphoma targets. The responsible cells are not post-thymic T lymphocytes as they can be found among treated splenocytes of athymic BALB/c nu/nu mice; suppressor activity is neither restricted by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) nor impaired by 2000 rad of γ irradiation. The ι-carrageenan-induced suppressor cells are adherent to Sephadex G-10 columns, but are neither adherent to glass wool columns nor phagocytic for, or adherent to, carbonyl iron particles. The lytic function of natural killer cells is also inhibited by cell-free supernatants in which suppressor splenocytes had been incubated. The short time required for induction of suppressor activity (24–48 hr), the lack of MHC restriction, and the effectiveness of supernatants suggest that ι-carrageenan simply “activates” precursor spleen cells to become nonspecific suppressors. The paradox of suppressor cell removal by Sephadex G-10 filtration but not by other adherence techniques complicates the assignment of such cells to a particular cell lineage or monocyte-macrophage subtype.
The exceptional group E8 for grand unification

A grand unified model based on E8 is described in which maximum unification within GUTS is achieved by classifying the fermions as well as the Higgs bosons in single and smallest possible representations. This provides a theory of flavor and of families and predicts , depending on the symmetry breaking chain, that the next three SU(5) families or the next two E6 families should be of V+A type and lie below 1 TeV.
Fluorimetric Detection of a Bacillus stearothermophilus Spore-Bound Enzyme, α- d -Glucosidase, for Rapid Indication of Flash Sterilization Failure

A biological indicator based on fluorimetric detection within 60 min of a Bacillus stearothermophilus spore-bound enzyme, α-d-glucosidase, has been developed. Results indicate that the enzyme survived slightly longer than spores observed after 24 h of incubation. The new system shows promise for evaluating flash sterilization cycles within 60 min compared with conventional 24-h systems.
Interpolation characteristics and noise sensitivity of neural network based inspection of machined surfaces

Determining the quality of surfaces by utilizing scattered laser light that is examined with a neural network is discussed. Features are extracted from the scattered angular spectrum and then used as inputs to a hierarchical neural net. The net is trained by a selected set of machined surfaces whose quality has been independently established. These samples are repeatedly presented to the sensors, and the network will, each time, make a decision about the surface roughness which is then compared to the correct answer. The error is used to modify the connection weights. Following this training period, the net is able to identify the quality of surfaces presented to it, even in the presence of noise caused by poor illumination. Experimental results from a set of lapped surfaces are discussed with regard to the fusion of different features in order to obtain an adequate measure of surface roughness using the neural network. It is shown that the system is able to interpolate between the surfaces of different preparation and estimate the roughness parameter in the micron age. >
Application of filled function method to multimodal economic load dispatch problems

The economic load dispatch (ELD) problem with valve-point effects is characterised by multimodality and was commonly solved by the genetic algorithm. It is shown that the multimodal ELD problems could be also dealt with by the filled function method.
EVANGELIZATION AND SOCIAL PROGRESS: A CATHOLIC VIEW

Religion and religious people have been viewed as detrimental to human and social progress. In a now classic case, Edward Gibbon's The Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire held the blame for the decline of the Roman Empire squarely upon Christianity. But, among the great variety of denunciations of religion, perhaps the most acerbic criticism came from the pen of Karl Marx. He wrote:
Juvenile Graves disease: usefulness and limitations of thyrotropin receptor antibody determinations.

Thyrotropin receptor antibodies (TRAb) were measured in serum from 49 patients with active and inactive juvenile Graves disease, and the results were compared with values from control subjects and patients with Hashimoto disease. With a thyrotropin binding inhibition immunoglobulin (TBII) assay, TRAb were found in serum from 25 (93%) of 27 patients with untreated, active Graves disease. The TRAb values remained positive in 20 (72%) of 29 patients during the first 6 months of antithyrold therapy and in 13 (54%) of 24 patients during the second 6 months. After discontinuation of antithyroid therapy, 15 patients experienced 18 episodes of relapse of thyrotoxicosis; during relapse TRAb values were positive in all but one patient. Among 19 patients who remained clinically and biochemically euthyroid after cessation of antithyroid therapy, TRAb were not detected in 28 (78%) of 36 serum specimens. Of the eight positive values from six patients, no antiidiotypic antibodies were found, and thyroid stimulating imunoglobulins (TSI) were not detected in four specimens. The TRAb determination correctly predicted the subsequent clinical course in 26 (72%) of 36 patients. Furthermore, TRAb values and results of triiodothyronine suppression tests were in agreement in 27 of 36 patients, or 75% of the time. TSI were present in serum from only 19 (73%) of 26 patients with active disease; however, TSI were negative in all patients with inactive Graves disease. During the management of Graves disease, TRAb measurements by TBII determinations are valuable in the diagnosis of active disease, assist in the decision to discontinue antithyroid drug therapy, and are useful as the T 3 suppresion test to predict the clinical course of the disease. The TSI measurement is most useful to determine the activity of the disease when TRAb values are positive in a euthyroid patient.
Jump condition for GND evolution as a constraint on slip transmission at grain boundaries

The jump condition at a possibly non-material interface for geometrically-necessary dislocation density in field dislocation mechanics (FDM) and its averaged approximation, phenomenological mesoscopic FDM (PMFDM), is derived. In the context of grain boundaries, the condition implies a tensorial constraint on all five grain boundary parameters, slip transmission at the boundary, possible grain boundary motion and dislocation nucleation/annihilation at the grain boundary. The jump condition is physically interpreted in special cases, and the importance of understanding dislocation motion at a boundary/interface as a flux across curves, and not surfaces, is emphasized.
An analysis of intrabrand competition in the franchise industry

The owner of a franchise chain is analyzed as maximizing profit by selecting the number of establishments, an initial franchise fee, and a royalty on sales revenue. The franchisees are geographically dispersed and imperfectly compete with one another (intrabrand competition). Then, the optimal sales royalty must be strictly positive. If the royalty were set equal to zero, the equilibrium price would be too low to maximize collective profit; the effect of the royalty is to curtail each franchisee's private gain from reducing price. The optimal royalty rises with the intensity of intrabrand competition. The model predicts a positive association of the sales royalty with the density of the chain's establishments. The available evidence is consistent with this prediction.
The principle of corresponding states for polymer liquid surface tension

Abstract A corresponding states principle is demonstrated for polymer and oligomer liquids. Scaling the measured surface tension with the thermodynamic properties obtained from pressure, volume, and temperature (PVT) data, one obtains a universal curve. We have developed a discrete interface cell model (DICM), which is a modified form of the Prigogine—Saraga cell model theory of surface tension which had previously been applied to polymer liquids. Using PVT data as input, the model accurately describes the surface tension data. With no adjustable parameters, the DICM theory provides a simple predictive tool for the conversion of the PVT properties of any material into surface tensions, with high accuracy at all temperatures and molecular weights. A strict adherence to the corresponding states principle is observed within each oligomer-to-polymer homologous series. This allows the model to predict the surface tension to within 1% accuracy for such a homologous series. The existence of a strict corresponding states principle implies that for the polymers studied here, the dominant contribution to the surface tension comes from the cohesive and entropic properties of the bulk liquids and is only weakly dependent on the molecular conformations and end groups. A discussion of the experimental difficulties in obtaining accurate PVT data and also extrapolating the thermodynamic properties to atmospheric pressure is given.
Stress gradients and extent of slip in alpha brass

Two wedge-shaped specimens of alpha brass were compressed to ascertain the role of stress gradients on the extent of slip. One specimen was etch pitted under load; the other without load. Two slip systems were activated, and when one slip system operated first, it was more effective in restricting slip thanvice versa. Near the end of the slip traces, etch pits were found to be arranged in discrete, separated groups, either as pileups or as symmetrical groups. Evidence indicated that these dislocations emanated from a single source. The separated group formation was attributed to a variation in friction stress, which calculations’10’ previously had shown would cause separated dislocation groups to form. The lowest value of friction stress for a mixed, but largely edge, dislocation was 8.0 MPa for both specimens. No effect of stress gradients on the extent of slip was found, and this was attributed to the formation of the separated dislocation groups.
Comparison of 5-fluorouracil anabolite levels after intravenous bolus and continuous infusion

The levels of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and its anabolites in the serum, bile, pancreatic juice, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle of dogs were compared after single bolus administration and after continuous infusion. Six dogs had a bolus of 5FU (15 mg/kg) and were studied for 120 min. Five dogs had a continuous infusion of 5FU (30 mg/kg) and were studied for 24 h. After the bolus infusion, serum 5FU levels were initially high and then declined, whereas anabolite levels gradually increased over 45 min. Within 2 h, anabolite levels exceeded 5FU levels in tissues but were undetectable in bile and pancreatic juice. During the continuous infusion, anabolite levels in serum increased more rapidly than 5FU levels and remained significantly higher for 24 h. Anabolite levels also exceeded 5FU levels in bile, pancreatic juice, pancreas, and muscle but not in the liver. Continuous infusion of 5FU produced higher levels of the anabolites than did bolus infusion and maintained constant levels throughout the infusion period.
Solvation of crystalline proteins: theory and its application to available data.

A theory is developed that relates the mass of solvent bound to a crystalline protein to its molecular weight and to easily measurable densities and crystallographic parameters. In contrast to previous thermodynamic and hydrodynamic theories of protein solvation, no assumptions are made about the volumes of protein or bound solvent. The theory is applicable to systems in which the density of a protein crystal is a linear function of the density of mother liquor. This linearity has been observed in 12 systems. Bound solvent is defined operationally as the matter that must be present in a crystal, in addition to unsolvated protein and free solvent, such that the sum of the three weight fractions is unity. Free solvent is defined as solution in the crystal having an effective density equal to the density of mother liquor. In systems to which the theory is applicable, the weight fraction of free solvent and unsolvated protein can be measured. From these two quantities and the Law of Conservation of Mass, the mass of bound solvent per unit mass of unsolvated protein can be determined. From literature data, the mass of bound solvent and the partial specific volume of solvated protein have been determined for four crystalline proteins. Extensions of the theory reveal methods for determining the effective specific volume and composition of bound solvent. The theory also suggests that a common observation, that the density of protein crystals is a linear function of density of mother liquor, is a consequence of constant values for the mass and partial specific volume of solvated protein as the composition of mother liquor is varied. These constant values imply that the number and occupancies of binding sites for bound solvent are not significantly affected by changes in the composition of mother liquor. The physical picture of a protein crystal consistent with these results, and with the structures of proteins determined to high resolution by diffraction methods, is that of a framework of solvated protein interpenetrated by channels of free solvent.
A preliminary longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain volume and cortical thickness in autism.

Background Autism is a developmental neurobiologic disorder associated with structural and functional abnormalities in several brain regions including the cerebral cortex. This longitudinal study examined developmental changes in brain volume and cortical thickness (CT) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with autism. Methods MRI scans and behavioral measures were obtained at baseline and after a 30-month interval in a sample of male subjects with autism (n = 18) and healthy age-, and sex-matched control subjects (n = 16) between ages 8 and 12 years at baseline. Results No differences in brain volumes were observed between the autism and control subjects at baseline or follow-up. However, differences in total gray matter volumes were observed over time with significantly greater decreases in the autism group compared with control subjects. Differences in CT were observed over time with greater decreases in the autism group compared with control subjects in several brain regions including the frontal lobe. When accounting for multiple comparisons, differences between the two groups became nonsignificant except for changes in occipital CT. Furthermore, associations were observed between several clinical features and changes in CT with greater thinning of the cortex being correlated with more severe symptomatology. Conclusions Findings from this study provide preliminary evidence for age-related changes in gray matter volume and CT in children with autism that are associated with symptoms severity. Future longitudinal studies of larger sample sizes are needed to evaluate developmental changes and examine the relationships between structural abnormalities and clinical expressions of the disorder.
Research Report: Modifying Paradigms--Individual Differences, Creativity Techniques, and Exposure to Ideas in Group Idea Generation

In today's networked economy, ideas that challenge existing business models and paradigms are becoming more important. This study investigated how individual differences, groupware-based creativity techniques, and ideas from others influenced the type of ideas that individuals generated. While individual differences were important (in that some individuals were inherently more likely to generate ideas that followed the existing problem paradigm while others were more likely to generate paradigm-modifying ideas that attempted to change the problem paradigm), the exposure to paradigm-modifying ideas from others and the use of intuitive groupware-based creativity techniques rather than analytical groupware-based creativity techniques were found to increase the number of paradigm-modifying ideas produced.
THE ROLE OF MICRO- AND ULTRAMICROCHEMISTRY IN THE ISOLATION OF THE FIRST TRANSURANIUM ELEMENT: PLUTONIUM

The role of micro- and ultramicrochemistry in the isolation of the first transuranium element, plutonium, is given. Micropipettes are described. (T.B.A.)
Audio watermarking method robust against time- and frequency-fluctuation

In this paper, we describe an audio watermarking algorithm that can embed a multiple-bit message which is robust against wow-and-flutter, cropping, noise-addition, pitch-shift, and audio compressions such as MP3. The algorithm calculates and manipulates the magnitudes of segmented areas in the time-frequency plane of the content using short-term DFTs. The detection algorithm correlates the magnitudes with a pseudo-random array that maps to a two-dimensional area in the time-frequency plane. The two-dimensional array makes the watermark robust because, even when some portions of the content are heavily degraded, other portions of the content can match the pseudo-random array and contribute to watermark detection. Another key idea is manipulation of magnitudes. Because magnitudes are less influenced than phases by fluctuations of the analysis windows caused by random cropping, the watermark resists degradation. When signal transformation causes pitch fluctuations in the content, the frequencies of the pseudo-random array embedded in the content shift, and that causes a decrease in the volume of the watermark signal that still correctly overlaps with the corresponding pseudo-random array. To keep the overlapping area wide enough for successful watermark detection, the widths of the frequency subbands used for the detection segments should increase logarithmically as frequency increases. We theoretically and experimentally analyze the robustness of proposed algorithm against a variety of signal degradations.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Decay of Co62 isomers

Abstract Five new γ-rays were found in the decay of 14·0 min Co62. Two new β-rays (1·20 MeV and 1·95 MeV) were observed and their coincidences measured. The 1·5 min isomer was found to decay with the following γ-rays: 1·128±0·001, 1·172±0·001, 2·299±0·002, and 3·030±0·004 MeV with relative intensities of 12·2±0·3, 100·0, 41·1±0·9, and 3·6±0·6, respectively. β-rays of 2·90±0·20 and 4·05±0·15 MeV were observed.
INCREASING THE MAXIMUM STABLE ROTATION SPEED OF A CIRCULAR DISK USING SPEED DEPENDENT CLAMPING

Abstract In this paper a stress induction method is examined that can be used to increase the operational speed range of rotating disks such as industrial circular saws and computer disk drives. In this method, stresses are generated in the disk by producing displacements or tractions at the inner radius of the disk that are proportional to the square of the rotation speed; as might be achieved, for example, by allowing freely sliding, centripetally accelerating, concentrated masses to rest along the inner radius of the disk. While traditional stress induction techniques can raise the maximum rotation speed by 30–40%, the technique proposed here can double the maximum speed for hydrodynamically uncoupled disks (circular saws and hard disk drives) can increase the maximum speed of disks with substantial hydrodynamic coupling (floppy disks) by an order of magnitude . These increase and the optimal stress induction parameters are studied in detail here.
Yuri Alexeev, Theresa L. Windus, Chang-Guo Zhan, David A. Dixon, Erratum to “Accurate heats of formation and acidities for H3PO4, H2SO4, and H2CO3 from ab initio electronic structure calculations,” International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (2005) 102(5) 775–784

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in International Journal of Quantum Chemistry (2005) 102(5) 775–784
An expansion for four-center integrals over Slater-type orbitals†

A new expression is given for the electron repulsion integral over Slater-type orbitals on four different centers. It is based on the asymptotic expansion derived from the bipolar expansion of a previous paper. The expression has the form where qp = {np, lp, mp}. Both F and σ are closed expressions. The quantity F is a combination of incomplete gamma functions, Laguerre polynomials and spherical harmonics. It depends upon the relative coordinates of a point P on the AB axis and a point Q on the CD axis. The functions σnlm(A, B) depend on the charge distribution (χAχB); they have the character of overlap integrals and are of the form
Magnetic and lattice coupling in single-crystal SrFe2As2: A neutron scattering study

A detailed elastic neutron scattering study of the structural and magnetic phase transitions in single-crystal SrFe$_2$As$_2$ reveals that the orthorhombic (O)-tetragonal (T) and the antiferromagnetic transitions coincide at $T_\texttt{O}$ = $T_\texttt{N}$ = (201.5 $\pm$ 0.25) K. The observation of coexisting O-T phases over a finite temperature range at the transition and the sudden onset of the O distortion provide strong evidences that the structural transition is first order. The simultaneous appearance and disappearance within 0.5 K upon cooling and within 0.25 K upon warming, respectively, indicate that the magnetic and structural transitions are intimately coupled. We find that the hysteresis in the transition temperature extends over a 1-2 K range. Based on the observation of a remnant orthorhombic phase at temperatures higher than \emph{T}$_\texttt{O}$, we suggest that the T-O transition may be an order-disorder transition.
Method for Quantifying the Degree of Agglomeration in Highly Stable Chemical Mechanical Polishing Slurries

In chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) systems, slurry stability is qualitatively assessed through interparticle force or zeta potential measurements. However, these types of measurements do not fully describe agglomeration phenomena in CMP slurries. Therefore, we developed an experimental/theoretical approach for quantifying the degree of agglomeration in CMP slurries. This method involves subjecting the slurry to high-shear forces and measuring particle agglomeration characteristics in their tail distribution. By modeling changes in tail distribution using Smoluchowski's slow aggregation theory, the agglomeration index can be used to quantify the degree of agglomeration caused by external shear stress and internal slurry chemistry.
Cathodic protection to mitigate external corrosion of underground steel pipe beneath disbonded coating

Abstract A study was conducted to determine the feasibility of cathodically protecting the steel surface beneath a disbonded coating with a holiday using an external power source. A laboratory cell...
Stochastic resonance investigation of object detection in images

Object detection in images was conducted using a nonlinear means of improving signal to noise ratio termed "stochastic resonance" (SR). In a recent United States patent application, it was shown that arbitrarily large signal to noise ratio gains could be realized when a signal detection problem is cast within the context of a SR filter. Signal-to-noise ratio measures were investigated. For a binary object recognition task (friendly versus hostile), the method was implemented by perturbing the recognition algorithm and subsequently thresholding via a computer simulation. To fairly test the efficacy of the proposed algorithm, a unique database of images has been constructed by modifying two sample library objects by adjusting their brightness, contrast and relative size via commercial software to gradually compromise their saliency to identification. The key to the use of the SR method is to produce a small perturbation in the identification algorithm and then to threshold the results, thus improving the overall system's ability to discern objects. A background discussion of the SR method is presented. A standard test is proposed in which object identification algorithms could be fairly compared against each other with respect to their relative performance.
Determination of hydroperoxides in ultraviolet-irradiated nylon 66

According to mechanisms described in the literature, photodecomposition of nylon 66 proceeds through the abstraction of the hydrogen on the carbon α to the amide NH group by a free radical which has been activated by photo absorption. In the propagation phase, the α-carbon radical could readily react with atmospheric oxygen to form a hydroperoxide. The formation of a hydroperoxide in the photodecomposition scheme for nylon 66 has been detected but has not been measured quantitatively. With the colorimetric method described in this paper, it is now possible to determine the peroxide content in a polyamide to a level of 1 μmole/g. with a relative precision of less than 5%. The polyamide is dissolved in tetrafluoropropanol, to which aliquots of potassium iodide and glacial acetic solutions are added. The absorbance of the liberated iodine is measured in a 1-cm. cell at 400 mμ and the hydroperoxide concentration determined from a calibration curve constructed from hydrogen peroxide solution standards. The rate of peroxide formation, which is dependent on the wavelength of ultraviolet radiation, can be correlated to the strength loss exhibited by a nylon 66 yarn free from antioxidant and delustrant. In addition, an increase in the level of thermal degradation will accelerate yarn strength loss and peroxide formation under ultraviolet exposure. The hydroperoxide begins to decompose at about 100°C. Yarn finish will contribute to the peroxide formation during exposure.
Natural variance in pH as a complication in detecting acidification of lakes

Natural variance in the pH of three dilute lakes in the Flat Tops Wilderness Area, Colorado, complicates the detection of acidification. Variations in pH during July–September of 1983 were: 0.95 (Ned Wilson Lake), 1.36 (Upper Island Lake), and 1.53 (Oyster Lake). Mean diurnal variations in pH during 1983 were: 0.37 (Ned Wilson Lake), 0.54 (Upper Island Lake), and 0.39 (Oyster Lake). Replicate pH measurements indicate that pH can be measured with a mean variance due to measurement error of ± 0.005. Regression analysis indicates that samples collected on the same day of different years may differ because of time of day and percentage of cloud cover. Differences in wind duration and intensity and primary productivity also may cause the pH to differ between years. Such differences can be either random or systematic. Comparisons of pH among 3 yr of data from Ned Wilson Lake indicate that natural variations in pH are much larger than variations in Colorado Lakes previously attributed to acidification by precipitation.
A framework for automated analysis and simulation of 3D polycrystalline microstructures.: Part 1: Statistical characterization

This is the first of a two-part paper aimed at developing a robust framework for the collection, quantification and simulation of 3D polycrystalline microstructures. Serial-sectioning methods are used to generate data that characterize the microstructural morphology and crystallography of grains. The microstructure simulation model and codes take as input a series of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns from the serial-sectioning experiments. Robust statistical analysis of the grain-level microstructures in 3D is conducted in this part of this paper. This analysis can provide necessary information for modeling and simulation efforts in the form of a highly refined and unbiased description of specific features, such as the distribution of grain size, shape and orientation.
Elastography: Ultrasonic imaging of tissue strain and elastic modulus in vivo

Abstract We review the principles of elastography and some of its accomplishments to date in the area of breast imaging in vivo. We present a literature review of a variety of methods for the estimation of tissue elasticity that have been reported in the literature in the past 15 years, and of data on the elastic properties of soft tissues. This is followed by a description of elastography and its relationship to the theory of elasticity. The principles underlying the elastography imaging technique, and methods for time delay estimations and their tradeoffs are discussed. We then present results of computer simulations, phantom and tissue studies in vitro, and some breast imaging studies in vivo. After a discussion of the origin and appearance of some important elastographic artifacts, we conclude with some general observations and conclusions.
RFID behavior study in enclosed marine container for real time temperature tracking

The performance of radio waves in open environments has been studied for years. In contrast, the behavior of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) inside metal enclosed areas is not yet understood. This research project focuses on the 3-D mapping of RFID signal strength inside a 12 m refrigerated marine container instrumented with three different types of radio frequency (RF) emitters: 915 MHz reader; 2.45 GHz reader and 433 MHz RF transmitter. The main goal is to find a frequency/configuration that would allow real time reading of the temperature in a shipment of perishable products using RFID. Only one frequency and one antenna were used at a time. The RF transmitter antenna was mounted at two different places inside the container; at the top of the front wall (facing back) and on the ceiling in the middle of the container (facing down). The signal strength was acquired by a spectrum analyzer and its antenna was mounted on a small electric cart inside the container. The cart was programmed to move along the length of the container and stop repeatedly, allowing three automated measures per position. All data were analyzed in terms of power level and attenuation. The maps showed that the RFID antenna positioned at the front of the container delivered slightly better results than the one in the middle of the ceiling. The results showed a significantly higher performance at the 433 MHz level.
Expression of the Human Hepatocyte Growth Factor cDNA in Primary Cultures of Rat Hepatocytes

Abstract Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are primary mitogens for hepatocytes in culture. hepatocytes express the HGF-receptor MET but not HGF itself. To investigate the influence of autocrine HGF expression on the proliferative potential of hepatocytes, primary cultures were submitted to retrovirus-mediated transduction of the human hgf (huHGF) cDNA. Expression of the transduced cDNA revealed a minimum 2-fold increase in HGF-mRNA, whereas expression of the Escherichia coli β-galactosidase gene remained even. Estimation of huHGF copy numbers showed there was a minimum 4-fold increase, suggesting an increase in the population of transduced cells. Immunoprecipitation of excreted huHGF and growth bioassays proofed that HGF was present and functional. HGF is excreted into the medium and therefore, by diffusion, available to transduced and non-transduced cells. The increase in huHGF-transduced cells suggests that the autocrine pathway as opposed to the paracrine pathway, which are both present at the same time, confers a growth advantage to these cells.
A comparison of the effects of buspirone and diazepam on plasma corticosterone levels in rat

Abstract The effects of the anxiolytic agents, buspirone and diazepam, on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA), indicated by changes in the concentration of corticosterone (CS) in plasma, were studied 1 2 , 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 24 hr after administration of the drug (i.p.). Samples of plasma were collected in the mid-morning (0930–1130 hr) when activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat and control levels of corticosterone were low and were repeated in the afternoon (1400–1600 hr) when activity in the hypothalamic-pituitary-arenal axis and levels of corticosterone were higher. At small doses (1 mg/kg) buspirone had a greater facilitating effect on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis than did diazepam. In addition, buspirone had a greater maximum facilitatory effect (477%) on levels of corticosterone than diazepam (345%). However, buspirone (ED 50 = 8.6 μ mol/kg) and diazepam (ED 50 = 8.7 μ mol/kg) were equipotent. Administration of I mg/kg of buspirone in the morning increased the combined 1 2 and 1 hr circulating levels of corticosterone 75% above control levels. Diazepam, at 1 mg/kg, did not produce any significant changes in levels of corticosterone. Large doses (10 mg/kg) of buspirone increased morning levels of corticosterone by 328% and diazepam increased levels of corticosterone by 265%. During the afternoon small doses of buspirone or diazepam did not significantly alter levels of corticosterone. Large doses of buspirone and diazepam significantly increased levels of corticosterone by 166% and 80%, respectively. Animals stressed by spinning for l min at 30–60 rpm, 15min before decapitation had levels of corticosterone that were 397% higher than the morning, and 238% higher than the afternoon control levels. The effects of spinning stress and the actions of buspirone on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis were additive at large doses as buspirone increased levels of corticosterone above stressed controls by 20%.
Multi-kanban mechanism for appliance disassembly

The use of household appliances continues to rise every year. A significant number of End-Of-Life (EOL) appliances are generated because of the introduction of newer models that are more attractive, efficient and affordable. Others are, of course, generated when they become non-functional. Many regulations encourage recycling of EOL appliances to reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills. In addition, EOL appliances offer the appliance manufacturing and remanufacturing industries a source of less expensive raw materials and components. For this reason product recovery has become a subject of interest during the past decade. In this paper, we study the disassembly line for appliance disassembly. We discuss and incorporate some of the complications that are inherent in disassembly line including product arrival, demand arrival, inventory fluctuation and production control mechanisms. We show how to overcome such complications by implementing a multi-kanban system in the appliance disassembly line setting. The multi-kanban system (MKS) relies on dynamic routing of kanbans according to the state of the system. We investigate the multi-kanban mechanism using simulation and explore the effect of product mix on performance of the traditional push system (TPS) and MKS in terms of controlling the system's inventory while attempting to achieve a decent customer service level.
The Effect of Memory Trace Strength on Suggestibility.

Abstract This experiment tests the memory trace strength theory of suggestibility , that stronger memories are more resistant to suggestibility than weaker memories, with strength of memory manipulated by means of frequency of presentation of target items. Four- and 10-year-old children viewed a slide sequence in which four target slides were presented one or two times each. In a postevent narrative, participants were misled about two target items, and two target items served as controls. In a subsequent recognition memory test, the hypothesis was confirmed. The d′ difference between control and misled items was greater for frequency one than for frequency two; stronger memories (items viewed twice) were more resistant to suggestibility than weaker memories (items viewed once). This pattern was consistent for both 4- and 10-year-old children, indicating that similar cognitive processes underlie suggestibility at each age. These results suggest that if children′s memory is tested for an event that occurred to them frequently, they would be expected to have more accurate memory for this event and be less vulnerable to suggestive influences such as biased interviewing procedures than they would for an event that occurred only a single time.