cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advantages and Limitations of Using Traditional Methods to Provide Local Public Services in a New Federalism Era

Fiscal Federalism is the use of multiple levels of government to provide (finance and produce, or have produced) those goods and services which citizens desire be provided by government or collective enterprises. In the United States the multiple levels of government consist of the federal government, state governments, local governments (county, municipal, township, and school), and in some cases regional governments or special districts. Throughout the history of the United States, the role of these various governmental units has varied. In the early days of the United States, state government was probably the most powerful politically. In terms of public revenues and expenditures from own funds, state-local government revenues and expenditures far exceeded federal revenues and expenditures until the depression years of the 1930s (ACIR, pp. 4, 55, 64). The advent of the federal income tax in 1913 provided the revenue base for rapid expansion of federal expenditures beginning in the 1930s (Break, p. 44). For the purposes of this paper, I will focus on four periods: (a) Pre-Depression (before 1929), (b) New Deal and Post-World War II recovery (1929-60), (c) the Great Society (1960-75) and (d) the New Federalism Era (1975-?). In characterizing these periods and in setting the dates for each, I recognize that many of the necessary facilitating policies of each period were implemented during earlier periods. For example, financing of the New Deal legislation probably would not have been possible without the income tax, which was implemented about twenty years earlier. Most forms of intergovernmental revenue transfer programs (general revenue sharing, categorical grants) can be traced far back into the 1800s.
Ultrastructural features of sprouted mossy fiber synapses in kindled and kainic acid-treated rats.

The mossy fiber pathway in the dentate gyrus undergoes sprouting and synaptic reorganization in response to seizures. The types of new synapses, their location and number, and the identity of their postsynaptic targets determine the functional properties of the reorganized circuitry. The goal of this study was to characterize the types and proportions of sprouted mossy fiber synapses in kindled and kainic acid-treated rats. In normal rats, synapses labeled by Timm histochemistry or dynorphin immunohistochemistry were rarely observed in the supragranular region of the inner molecular layer when examined by electron microscopy. In epileptic rats, sprouted mossy fiber synaptic terminals were frequently observed. The ultrastructural analysis of the types of sprouted synapses revealed that 1) in the supragranular region, labeled synaptic profiles were more frequently axospinous than axodendritic, and many axospinous synapses were perforated; 2) sprouted mossy fiber synaptic terminals formed exclusively asymmetric, putatively excitatory synapses with dendritic spines and shafts in the supragranular region and with the soma of granule cells in the granule cell layer; 3) in contrast to the large sprouted mossy fiber synapses in resected human epileptic hippocampus, the synapses formed by sprouted mossy fibers in rats were smaller; and 4) in several cases, the postsynaptic targets of sprouted synapses were identified as granule cells, but, in one case, a sprouted synaptic terminal formed a synapse with an inhibitory interneuron. The results demonstrate that axospinous asymmetric synapses are the most common type of synapse formed by sprouted mossy fiber terminals, supporting the viewpoint that most sprouted mossy fibers contribute to recurrent excitation in epilepsy. J. Comp. Neurol. 458:272–292, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Coherent Decision Analysis With Inseparable Probabilities and Utilities

This article explores the extent to which a decision maker's probabilities can be measured separately from his/her utilities by observing his/her acceptance of small monetary gambles. Only a partial separation is achieved: the acceptable gambles are partitioned into a set of “belief gambles,” which reveals probabilities distorted by marginal utilities for money, and a set of “preference gambles,” which reveals utilities reciprocally distorted by marginal utilities for money. However, the information in these gambles still enables us to solve the decision maker's problem: his/her utility-maximizing decision is the one that avoids arbitrage (i.e., incoherence or Dutch books).
Spontaneous perforation of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the colon and duodenum.

Summary The second report in the literature and the first successfully treated case of spontaneous pseudocystoduodenocolostomy is p resented. An attempt has been made to clearly distinguish between spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of pancreatic pseudocysts and spontaneous perforation into the gastrointestinal tract. Rupture presents as an acute abdominal catastrophe in a patient with a history of pancreatitis and should be treated by external drainage. In the past this complication has produced a mortality of 60 per cent. Perforation presents a picture of abdominal pain, fever, nausea and vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment varies with the location of the communication, and the over-all mortality should be significantly less than 50 per cent.
Today's Traveling Salesman Problem

Heterogeneous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are being developed for several civil and military applications. These vehicles can differ either in their motion constraints or sensing/attack capabilities. This article uses methods from operations research to address a fundamental routing problem involving heterogeneous UAVs. The approach is to transform the routing problem into a relatively better understood single, asymmetric, traveling salesman problem (ATSP) and use the algorithms available for the ATSP to address the routing problem. To test the effectiveness of the transformation, the well-known Lin-Kernighan-Helsgaun heuristic was applied to the transformed ATSP. Computational results on the transformed ATSP show that solutions whose costs are within 16% of the optimum can be obtained relatively fast [within 40 s of central processing unit (CPU)] for the routing problem involving ten heterogeneous UAVs and 40 targets.
Single-Institution Results of Image-Guided Nonplugged Percutaneous Versus Transjugular Liver Biopsy

Purpose To retrospectively review patients who underwent transjugular and image-guided percutaneous biopsy and compare the relative risk of ascites, thrombocytopenia, and coagulopathy.
Fur rubbing: Use of medicinal plants by capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus)

There is a growing body of evidence documenting animals' selective use of medicinal plants found in their environments. During research conducted in Costa Rica, capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) have been observed topically applying material of at least four plant genera (Citrus, Clematis, Piper, and Sloanea). The first three of these plants contain secondary compounds which are known to have anti-insect and/or medicinal benefits and the ethnographic record shows that indigenous peoples throughout the New World use these plants for similar purposes and in similar ways. It is suggested that free-ranging nonhuman primates use plants topically for their potential medicinal purposes. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Reevaluation of orbital interactions in substituted radicals. Transfer of radical properties to the substituent atom

Abstract Theoretical calculations have shown that a nonbonded pair orbital on an atom attached to a radical center can be higher in energy than the SOMO of the unsubstituted radical. The mixing of the orbitals produces a SOMO which contains the major contribution from the nonbonded pair orbital, thus transferring radical character to the substituent atom.
Intestinal inflammation and cancer

Patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are at increased risk for developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Chronic inflammation is believed to promote carcinogenesis. The risk for colon cancer increases with the duration and anatomic extent of colitis and presence of other inflammatory disorders (such as primary sclerosing cholangitis), whereas it decreases when patients take drugs to reduce inflammation (such as mesalamine and steroids). The genetic features that lead to sporadic CRC—chromosome instability, microsatellite instability, and DNA hypermethylation—also occur in colitis-associated CRC. Unlike the normal colonic mucosa, cells of the inflamed colonic mucosa have these genetic alterations before there is any histologic evidence of dysplasia or cancer. The reasons for these differences are not known, but oxidative stress is likely to be involved. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by inflammatory cells can affect regulation of genes that encode factors that prevent carcinogenesis (such as p53, DNA mismatch repair proteins, and DNA base excision-repair proteins), transcription factors (such as nuclear factor–κB), or signaling proteins (such as cyclooxygenases). Administration of agents that cause colitis in healthy rodents or genetically engineered, cancer-prone mice accelerates development of colorectal tumors. Mice genetically prone to inflammatory bowel disease also develop CRC, especially in the presence of bacterial colonization. Individual components of the innate and adaptive immune response have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. These observations offer compelling support for the role of inflammation in colon carcinogenesis.
Covering Numbers of \(L_{p}\)-Balls of Convex Functions and Sets

We prove bounds for the covering numbers of classes of convex functions and convex sets in Euclidean space. Previous results require the underlying convex functions or sets to be uniformly bounded. We relax this assumption and replace it with weaker integral constraints. The existing results can be recovered as special cases of our results.
A geometric structure-preserving discretization scheme for incompressible linearized elasticity

Abstract In this paper, we present a geometric discretization scheme for incompressible linearized elasticity. We use ideas from discrete exterior calculus (DEC) to write the action for a discretized elastic body modeled by a simplicial complex. After characterizing the configuration manifold of volume-preserving discrete deformations, we use Hamilton’s principle on this configuration manifold. The discrete Euler–Lagrange equations are obtained without using Lagrange multipliers. The main difference between our approach and the mixed finite element formulations is that we simultaneously use three different discrete spaces for the displacement field. We explicitly derive the governing equations for the two-dimensional case, where the discrete spaces for the displacement field are constructed by P 1 polynomials over primal meshes for incompressibility constraint, P 0 polynomials over dual meshes for the kinetic energy, and P 1 polynomials over support volumes for the elastic energy, and the discrete space of the pressure field is constructed by P 0 polynomials over primal meshes. We test the efficiency and robustness of this geometric scheme using some numerical examples. In particular, we do not see any volume locking and/or checkerboarding of pressure in our numerical examples. This suggests that our choice of discrete solution spaces is compatible.
ADAPTATION OF LINEAR POLARIZATION TECHNIQUES FOR IN-SITU CORROSION MEASUREMENTS IN WATER COOLED NUCLEAR REACTOR ENVIRONMENTS.

Abstract Application of electrochemical polarization techniques to study corrosion of steels in aqueous environments at 289 C (554 F) and 1000 psi is described. A galvanostatic polarization circuit...
Molecular Determinants of Cardiac Transient Outward Potassium Current (Ito) Expression and Regulation

Rapidly activating and inactivating cardiac transient outward K+ currents, Ito, are expressed in most mammalian cardiomyocytes, and contribute importantly to the early phase of action potential repolarization and to plateau potentials. The rapidly recovering (Ito,f) and slowly recovering (Ito,s) components are differentially expressed in the myocardium, contributing to regional heterogeneities in action potential waveforms. Consistent with the marked differences in biophysical properties, distinct pore-forming (α) subunits underlie the two Ito components: Kv4.3/Kv4.2 subunits encode Ito,f, whereas Kv1.4 encodes Ito,s, channels. It has also become increasingly clear that cardiac Ito channels function as components of macromolecular protein complexes, comprising (four) Kv α subunits and a variety of accessory subunits and regulatory proteins that influence channel expression, biophysical properties and interactions with the actin cytoskeleton, and contribute to the generation of normal cardiac rhythms. Derangements in the expression or the regulation of Ito channels in inherited or acquired cardiac diseases would be expected to increase the risk of potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. Indeed, a recently identified Brugada syndrome mutation in KCNE3 (MiRP2) has been suggested to result in increased Ito,f densities. Continued focus in this area seems certain to provide new and fundamentally important insights into the molecular determinants of functional Ito channels and into the molecular mechanisms involved in the dynamic regulation of Ito channel functioning in the normal and diseased myocardium.
Abnormal behavior detection in the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge based on the long term measurement data patterns

Calibration of a finite element model based on measurement-data for complex structures is usually costly and sometimes not applicable. In this article, a methodology for detecting abnormal behavior including slow aging degradations of a structure solely based on historical patterns of the measurement data will be introduced. In the first step, principal components of the truck load test measurement data - that is centered and scaled - are calculated. In the second step, unsupervised classification is applied to the score data that is regenerated based on the major principal components. The same algorithm is applied to the measurement data of the bridge response to the sharp temperature change as well. Finally, the specified algorithm is applied separately to the collected static data from the Jeremiah Morrow Bridge (more than four years) using the calculated truck load test principal components. The optimized clustering model detected the outliers that are caused by heavy truck loads; clustering result is detailed. In summary, a simple data model that is able to find any known data signature such as truck load test in the daily measurement data is proposed. The proposed method is part of an ongoing effort in University of Cincinnati Infrastructure Institute to use the correlation between collected readings from different members of a bridge in order to interpret abnormal trend changes in the measurement data.
Consumers' perceptions of promotional framing of price

This article focuses on consumer perceptions of transaction value when presented with deals that are equivalent on a unit-cost basis but worded differently. Through an experimental design setting, it examines the effect of three such frames: one, stated in terms of a straight price promotion (“50% off”), the second, as an extra-product or volume promotion (“buy one, get one free”), and a third as a “mixed” promotion (“buy two, get 50% off”). Four typical supermarket categories are considered which permit the investigation of the effect of two category-based moderating factors: stock-up characteristic and price level. Results show that the nature of framing appears to differentially affect consumer perceptions of value from “equivalent” deals. Also, perceptions of deal value from price versus extra-product promotions are moderated by the stock-up characteristic of the category. However, consumers' internal reference prices remain unaffected across one-time price and extra-product promotions. These findings provide some understanding of the role of deal framing on consumers' responses, and offer implications for industry practitioners interested in communicating the maximum value in their deals. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Is Modeling of Freshman Engineering Success Different from Modeling of Non‐Engineering Success?

The engineering community has recognized the need for a higher retention rate in freshman engineering. If we are to increase the freshman retention rate, we need to better understand the characteristics of academic success for engineering students. One approach is to compare academic performance of engineering students to that of non-engineering students. This study explores the differences in predicting academic success (defined as the first year GPA) for freshman engineering students compared to three non-engineering student sectors (Pre-Med, STEM, and nonSTEM disciplines) within a university. Academic success is predicted with pre-college variables from the UCLA/CIRP survey using factor analysis and regression analysis. Except for the factor related to the high school GPA and rank, the predictors for each student sector were discipline specific. Predictors unique to the engineering sector included the factors related to quantitative skills (ACT Math and Science test scores and placement test scores) and confidence in quantitative skills.
Asymmetric interference between concurrent tasks: an evaluation of competing explanatory models.

Abstract According to Kinsbourne's functional cerebral distance model, asymmetric interference between concurrent cognitive and manual tasks reflects the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres. However, alternative explanations include initial-values artifact (statistical bias model), motor asymmetry (manual dominance model), and a combination of functional cerebral distance and manual dominance (two-factor model). We evaluated the competing models in four experiments with right- and left-handed university students for whom manual dominance was in effect reversed by requiring the dominant hand to perform the more difficult manual task. The cognitive load of the nonmanual task was varied within each experiment. The results did not support any of the models but, instead, reflected only tradeoffs between manual and nonmanual performance. The primary implications for future research are that performance on both tasks must be measured, and each task must be sensitive to interference from the other task, if observed asymmetries are to be interpretable. Copyright©1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Rupture process of the March 3, 1985 Chilean earthquake

The March 3, 1985 central Chile earthquake (Ms=7.8) ruptured a well studied seismic gap along the Chilean subduction zone. The epicenter of this event is located near the center of an approximately 300 km long region which ruptured in a great event in 1906 (Mw=8.2). The northern portion of the 1906 zone has since ruptured in 1971 (Ms=7.5) and 1973 (Ms=6.7). We have determined the rupture history of the 1985 central Chile earthquake from the deconvolved source functions of body waves (both P and PP). The source functions show one major pulse of moment release, the onset of which occurs about 16 seconds after an initial small pulse. The azimuthal directivity in the P waves indicates that the rupture front propagated from the epicenter southward and that the moment release of the major pulse is concentrated in a region between the epicenter and approximately 75 km south of the epicenter. We conclude that the region of high moment release is the dominant asperity and was loaded by slip in the relatively weaker northern region.
Atypical presentation of amniotic band sequence

Amniotic Band Sequence (ABS) is a disruption sequence that results in a variable group of abnormalities secondary to the disruption process and subsequent deformations. The incidence of ABS ranges from 1:1,200 to 1:15,000 live-born, and is even higher in still-born [Froster and Baird, 1993: Am J Med Genet 46:497-500]. The pathophysiology of ABS remains controversial, but a close look to critical periods of embryogenesis and/or organogenesis has helped in understanding pathogenetic mechanisms leading to the ABS disruption. The abnormalities are typically limited to external structures; however, associated internal malformations as seen in the case reported here may occur [Hunter and Carpenter, 1986: Am J Med Genet 24:691-700]. The prognosis depends on the severity of the abnormalities and the involvement of internal organs [Froster and Baird; 1993: Am J Med Genet 46:497-500; Levy, 1998: Ped Rev 19:249].
Domain Structure of the Vaccinia Virus mRNA Capping Enzyme: EXPRESSION IN ESCHERICHIA COLI OF A SUBDOMAIN POSSESSING THE RNA 5′-TRIPHOSPHATASE AND GUANYLYLTRANSFERASE ACTIVITIES AND A KINETIC COMPARISON TO THE FULL-SIZE ENZYME (∗)

The RNA 5′-triphosphatase, nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase, and guanylyltransferase activities of the vaccinia virus mRNA capping enzyme were previously localized to an NH2-terminal 60-kDa domain of the D1R subunit. Measurement of the relative ATPase and guanylyltransferase activities remaining in D1R carboxyl-terminal deletion variants expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)plysS localizes the carboxyl terminus of the active domain to between amino acids 520 and 545. Failure to obtain a deletion mutant with the loss of one activity indicates that the catalysis of both reactions requires a common domain structure. Based on these results, a truncated D1R protein terminating at amino acid 545 was expressed in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. D1R1-545 was found to be kinetically equivalent to the holoenzyme in regard to ATPase, RNA 5′-triphosphatase, and guanylyltransferase activities. Measurement of RNA binding by mobility shift and UV photo-cross-linking analyses also demonstrates the ability of this domain to bind RNA independent of the methyltransferase domain, comprised of the carboxyl terminus of D1R from amino acids 498-844 and the entire D12L subunit. RNA binding to D1R1-545 is substantially weaker than binding to either the methyltransferase domain or the holoenzyme. Binding is inhibited by 5′-OH RNA and to a lesser extent by DNA oligonucleotides in a concentration dependent manner which correlates with the inhibition of RNA 5′-triphosphatase activity by these same oligonucleotides. We conclude that D1R1-545 represents a functionally independent domain of the mRNA capping enzyme, fully competent in substrate binding and catalysis at both the triphosphatase and guanylyltransferase active sites.
Rapid in vivo validation of candidate drivers derived from the PTEN-mutant prostate metastasis genome

Human genome analyses have revealed that increasing gene copy number alteration is a driving force of incurable cancer of the prostate (CaP). Since most of the affected genes are hidden within large amplifications or deletions, there is a need for fast and faithful validation of drivers. However, classic genetic CaP engineering in mouse makes this a daunting task because generation, breeding based combination of alterations and non-invasive monitoring of disease are too time consuming and costly. To address the unmet need, we recently developed RapidCaP mice, which endogenously recreate human PTEN-mutant metastatic CaP based on Cre/Luciferase expressing viral infection, that is guided to Pten(loxP)/Trp53(loxP) prostate. Here we use a sensitized, non-metastatic Pten/Trp53-mutant RapidCaP system for functional validation of human metastasis drivers in a much accelerated time frame of only 3-4months. We used in vivo RNAi to target three candidate tumor suppressor genes FOXP1, RYBP and SHQ1, which reside in a frequent deletion on chromosome 3p and show that Shq1 cooperates with Pten and p53 to suppress metastasis. Our results thus demonstrate that the RapidCaP system forms a much needed platform for in vivo screening and validation of genes that drive endogenous lethal CaP.
Linear Optimal Designs and Optimal Contingency Plans

In optimal design problems we try to select a subset from the opportunity set for commitment for a period of time. As the external parameters can vary with time, optimal contingency plans must be constructed to cope with the external conditions. We describe the formulation and methods for locating potentially good designs and their corresponding optimal contingency plans using a multiple-criteria and multiple-constraint level MC2 simplex method to solve the optimal design problems which have been shown to become amenable to the techniques of decision making under uncertainty.
Late Cretaceous Anastomosing Fluvial Systems, Northwestern Colorado: ABSTRACT

Basal Mesaverde deposits exposed near Rangely Dome in northwestern Colorado indicate a progradation of deltaic sandstones over the marine Mancos Shale. Overlying these deposits is a thick nonmarine sequence containing four major facies: (1) extensive organic-rich siltstones with laterally discontinuous coals, (2) elongate lenticular cross-bedded sandstones, (3) thin (0.3 to 2.5 m) ripple-stratified, sheetlike fine sandstones, and (4) thick (maximum 11 m) fine-grained sandstones with large-scale foresets and syndepositional slumping. Two fluvial facies models were developed on the basis of study of over 80 measured sections. Variations in the models are seen in the types of cross-bedded sandstones. Type 1 forms belts 80 to 130 m wide and up to 21 m thick. Major erosion surfaces delineate nearly symmetrical units 3 to 8 m thick. In contrast, type 2 lenticular sandstones belts are broader (600 m) and thinner (3 to 7 m). The component lenses are fewer in number, have a greater width to depth ratio, and commonly show evidence of lateral accretion. Individual units in type 1 belts show little vertical variation in grain size or scale of structures. Type 2 units commonly fine upward in both respects. The fine-grained sandstones flank the major belts and have paleocurrent indicators at high angles to the transport direct on of the coarser lenses. The coarse-grained sandstones were major channels and the fine-grained sandstones were crevasse splays. The thin splays were deposited along levees or in shallow flood basins. The thick splays with foresets are associated only with type 1 belts. They were Gilbert deltas which prograded into interfluvial lakes. The type 1 belts, major interfluvial lakes, and Gilbert splays were associated with greater subsidence rates. This model is comparable to recently described anastomosing fluvial systems. Our other model is similar to a low-sinuosity fluvial system. End_of_Article - Last_Page 616------------
Direct, observational, and generalization effects of social skills training with emotionally disturbed children

Four emotionally disturbed, hospitalized children between 9 and 11 years of age were treated for social skill deficits. Training was evaluated in a multiplebaseline design across subjects and included instructions, performance feedback, modeling, role playing, and social reinforcement. Furthermore, training was conducted in a group and utilized natural role-play situations. Initially, two children were trained while the other two observed training. This procedure was used to evaluate the effects of observational learning. Later, treatment conditions were reversed. Observational learning was of minimal benefit. The effects of direct social skills treatment, however, were immediate and generalized to untreated scenes and to behavior on the ward. Effects were maintained at a 15-week follow-up.
Elimination of static and dynamic hazards for multiple input changes in combinational switching circuits

This paper deals with hazards on outputs of combinational switching circuits for multiple input changes. Certain types of function hazards are defined and are shown to be impossible to eliminate with any logic realization. Also, an interrelation between static and dynamic function hazards is established. Hazards due to delays in the logic are defined and a method of elimination is given for both the static and dynamic case.
Abstract 887: Novel role of CD147 in chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer mortality in the U.S. with only a 25% one-year survival rate and 100% mortality rate. No favorable therapeutic strategy has been established in recurrent pancreatic cancer. The cell surface protein CD147 is a glycoprotein and plays a central role in chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer and its upregulation indicates poor prognosis. However, the mechanism by which this protein is involved in pancreatic cancer is still poorly understood. Here we show that knockdown of CD147 in pancreatic cancer cells decelerates tumor growth and sensitizes cells to chemotherapeutic drugs. To identify the mechanisms involved in the slow growth, we screened several genes using a luciferase method. We found that knockdown of CD147 leads to decreased transcription of several genes involved in cancer progression such as telomerase and VEGFC. Knockdown of CD147 leads to high sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapeutics such as gemcitabine and doxorubicin. Interestingly, the metastatic cell line, L3.6pL, is more sensitive to both chemotherapeutic drugs than the non-metastatic cell line, Panc-1. CD147 knockdown also leads to less drug efflux than control as detected by rhodamine assay. Our hypothesis is that CD147 may interact and block some membrane transporters, which lead to an increase of intracellular drug and therefore to chemosensitivity. We analyzed the transcriptional activity of several membrane transporters including ABCC5, ABCC10 and ABCA2. We found that there is a decrease in their transcription levels of approximately 50% compared to the control. This may suggest that CD147 is involved in drug transport through the cytoplasmic membrane. We have also determined that depleting CD147 leads to an increase of sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs such as doxorubicin and gemcitabine. Gemcitabine can create DNA damage such as double stand breaks in cells, followed rapidly by histone H2AX phosphorylation (𝛄H2AX), with foci observed within the first minute. Using CD147 knockdown cells, we showed that knockdown of CD147 leads to the depletion of H2AX phosphorylation and to an increase of apoptosis, in agreement with high drug accumulation. We found high ROS levels in these cells as measured by the DCF using flow cytometry. This can explain an increase of apoptosis in cells with CD147 knockdown. Our results indicate that CD147 acts to enhance tumor growth in several ways and contributes to chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. We explored the mechanism of action of CD147, which can be a potential novel therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer. Citation Format: Karim Bahmed, Michael Holliday, Agnieszka Kendrick, Elan Eisenmesser. Novel role of CD147 in chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 887. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-887
Innovative practices for needs assessors

To illustrate contemporary modifications to focus group procedures and survey data, this article reviews a needs assessment commissioned by a nonprofit youth organization interested in determining if a health center should be built. Besides illustrating new assessment techniques and the resulting data for the case study, it shows assessors how to specify concrete benchmarks to obtain indisputable evidence of optimal performance.
Anticipation of Injurious Consumption Outcomes and its Impact on Consumer Attributions of Blame

The role of expectations in consumer evaluation of outcomes is widely applied in the study of consumers’ postpurchase evaluations. However, the evaluative consequence of relatively unexpected outcomes has received little attention. This study discusses the importance of infrequently occurring negative outcomes in consumer evaluations and then tests the role of their foreseeability in an attributional model. Results suggest that the extent to which a consumer anticipates negative product use outcomes plays an important role in mediating attributions for that outcome to the marketer. Specifically, the model results address determinants of consumer attributions of blame for negative consumption outcomes. Factors such as promoting safety, using warning labels, and providing service as well as consumer risk aversion, product experience, and perceived product danger influence blame both directly and indirectly through the extent to which an unlikely negative outcome is anticipated.
Accuracy and limitations of exercise echocardiography in a routine clinical setting

Despite the high reported accuracy of exercise echocardiography in the detection of coronary artery disease, factors that compromise its sensitivity and specificity are less clear. This study examined the results of 179 post-treadmill stress echocardiograms in 150 consecutive patients who also underwent cardiac catheterization and in 29 normal persons at low risk for coronary artery disease. Of 114 patients who had significant coronary stenoses at angiography, 96 had an abnormal exercise echocardiogram (overall sensitivity 84%). False negative results correlated with the performance of submaximal exercise, single-vessel disease and moderate (50% to 70% diameter) stenoses. After the exclusion of seven patients performing submaximal exercise, the sensitivity was 90%. In 54 patients without previous infarction performing maximal exercise, the sensitivity was 87%, higher in patients with multivessel coronary disease (96%) than in those with single-vessel disease (79%). After the exclusion of patients with nondiagnostic results, due either to the performance of submaximal stress or the presence of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes at rest, exercise echocardiography had a higher sensitivity than did exercise electrocardiography (87% vs. 63%, p = 0.01). In 36 patients without significant coronary disease, exercise echocardiography had an overall specificity of 86%. After the exclusion of patients with a nondiagnostic test, exercise echocardiography had a specificity of 82% compared with 74% specificity for exercise electrocardiography (p = NS). Similarly, of the 29 normal subjects, 93% had a normal exercise echocardiogram and 97% had a normal exercise ECG (p = NS). Similarly, of the 29 normal subjects, 93% had a normal exercise echocardiogram and 97% had a normal exercise ECG (p = NS). Age, gender, body weight and image quality did not significantly influence the accuracy of exercise echocardiography.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interaction between schools of fish and mysids

A long-term daily census of 20 small patch reefs along the backreef of Tague Bay barrier reef, U.S. Virgin Islands, established that recently recruited postlarval French grunts, Haemulon flavolineatum, form mixed schools with at least two species of mysids (genus Mysidium). The formation of these taxonomically unrelated animals into socially interacting groups probably occurs because of the striking resemblance of postlarval grunts to mysids. Over a period of 5 d and as the postlarval grunts grow, these mixed associations break down, only to reform every 14–15 d as new postlarval grunts periodically recruit from the plankton. The fleeting but persistent formation of these mixedspecies schools is believed to initially provide protection to the grunts and, as the grunts grow, limited protection to the mysids. In additions, the grunts benefit trophically from the associations because they prey on the mysids.
Disclosing information about the self is intrinsically rewarding

Humans devote 30–40% of speech output solely to informing others of their own subjective experiences. What drives this propensity for disclosure? Here, we test recent theories that individuals place high subjective value on opportunities to communicate their thoughts and feelings to others and that doing so engages neural and cognitive mechanisms associated with reward. Five studies provided support for this hypothesis. Self-disclosure was strongly associated with increased activation in brain regions that form the mesolimbic dopamine system, including the nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area. Moreover, individuals were willing to forgo money to disclose about the self. Two additional studies demonstrated that these effects stemmed from the independent value that individuals placed on self-referential thought and on simply sharing information with others. Together, these findings suggest that the human tendency to convey information about personal experience may arise from the intrinsic value associated with self-disclosure.
Psychotherapeutic Change and Spiritual Transformation: The Interaction Effect

Olav was an extremely difficult, regressed, and religiously preoccupied patient, with a long history of unsuccessful outpatient and inpatient treatment. His case study by Stalsett, Engedal, and Austad (2010) is used here to illustrate the VITA treatment program at the Modum Bad Hospital in Norway. This program uniquely combines contemporary psychoanalytic therapy and a focus on religious and spiritual concerns to produce a remarkably intense 12-week inpatient treatment process. My commentary concentrates on some of the theoretical and practical implications of Olav's case for the psychological study of religion and the clinical treatment of religious patients, and it argues in favor of the VITA approach to dealing with religious and spiritual concerns as opposed to other forms of "religious" or "spiritual" therapy. The case presentation implies that the VITA Program succeeded with Olav where others did not because it explicitly focused on religious and existential issues. I offer some suggestions based on self-psychology why that might be true but also suggest that other factors were at work as well.
Fast k-clustering queries on embeddings of road networks

In this paper, we study the k-clustering query problem on road networks, an important problem in Geographic Information Systems ("GIS"). Using previously developed Euclidean embeddings and reduction to fast nearest neighbor search, we show and analyze approximation algorithms for these problems. Since these problems are difficult to solve exactly --- and even hard to approximate for most variants --- we compare our constant factor approximation algorithms to exact answers on small synthetic datasets and on a dataset representing Tallahassee, Florida, a small city. We have implemented a web application that demonstrates our method for road networks in the same small city.
Parents as Partners in Treating Behavior Problems in Early Childhood Settings

An intervention program of proven value in changing problematic child behaviors is described. It features two components---child-centered play therapy and employment of parents as primary change ag...
BAG3 and Hsc70 interact with actin capping protein CapZ to maintain myofibrillar integrity under mechanical stress

Rationale: A homozygous disruption or genetic mutation of the bag 3 gene, a member of the Bcl-2–associated athanogene (BAG) family proteins, causes cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy that is characterized by myofibril and Z-disc disruption. However, the detailed disease mechanism is not yet fully understood. Objective: bag3 −/− mice exhibit differences in the extent of muscle degeneration between muscle groups with muscles experiencing the most usage degenerating at an accelerated rate. Usage-dependent muscle degeneration suggests a role for BAG3 in supporting cytoskeletal connections between the Z-disc and myofibrils under mechanical stress. The mechanism by which myofibrillar structure is maintained under mechanical stress remains unclear. The purpose of the study is to clarify the detailed molecular mechanism of BAG3-mediated muscle maintenance under mechanical stress. Methods and Results: To address the question of whether bag3 gene knockdown induces myofibrillar disorganization caused by mechanical stress, in vitro mechanical stretch experiments using rat neonatal cardiomyocytes and a short hairpin RNA–mediated gene knockdown system of the bag3 gene were performed. As expected, mechanical stretch rapidly disrupts myofibril structures in bag3 knockdown cardiomyocytes. BAG3 regulates the structural stability of F-actin through the actin capping protein, CapZβ1, by promoting association between Hsc70 and CapZβ1. BAG3 facilitates the distribution of CapZβ1 to the proper location, and dysfunction of BAG3 induces CapZ ubiquitin–proteasome–mediated degradation. Inhibition of CapZβ1 function by overexpressing CapZβ2 increased myofibril vulnerability and fragmentation under mechanical stress. On the other hand, overexpression of CapZβ1 inhibits myofibrillar disruption in bag3 knockdown cells under mechanical stress. As a result, heart muscle isolated from bag3 −/− mice exhibited myofibrillar degeneration and lost contractile activity after caffeine contraction. Conclusions: These results suggest novel roles for BAG3 and Hsc70 in stabilizing myofibril structure and inhibiting myofibrillar degeneration in response to mechanical stress. These proteins are possible targets for further research to identify therapies for myofibrillar myopathy or other degenerative diseases.
All one with Tom Thumb : arminianism, popery, and the story of the reformation in early Stuart Cambridge

La controverse sur l'arminianisme s'est focalisee sur un membre de Caius College nomme John Normanton qui est poursuivi en 1636 en raison d'un sermon offensif preche dans l'eglise de l'universite de Cambridge. Il fut interroge par le vice-chancelier et les directeurs des colleges. L'histoire de Normanton est particulierement interessante parce que nous disposons de ses observations, de ses references (les fables de Tom Thumb, le mythe du pape Joan particulierement apprecie chez les protestants). Chez les adversaires de Normanton, son discours revelait l'existence d'un complot contre l'Eglise d'Angleterre
Deformational behaviour of migmatites and problems of structural analysis in migmatite terrains

An understanding of the response of migmatites to deformation is crucial to an interpretation of their structures, and in anatectic and intrusive migmatite terrains due consideration must be given to the modification of deformation processes imposed by melts. In partially molten systems containing more than 30% melt the classical theories of fold formation are inapplicable; the folds produced are of the ‘viscous fold’ type. Their geometry is unpredictable and may mimic structures due to refolding; this is particularly true at very high degrees of melting where flow of melt carrying rafts of solids begins. Failure to distinguish ‘viscous folds’ from the products of refolding will lead to errors in interpreting the structural and metamorphic history of an area, and to consequent misinterpretation of the true structural relations between geometrically complex high-grade and more regularly deformed low-grade areas.
Left ventricular remodeling and myocardial recovery on mechanical circulatory support.

Background: Myocardial recovery after ventricular assist devices (VAD) is rare but appears more common in nonischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM). We sought to evaluate left ventricular (LV) end diastolic diameter (LVEDD) for predicting recovery after VAD. Methods and Results: NICM patients receiving long-term mechanical support between 1996 and 2008 were reviewed. Subjects were divided into 3 groups: mild, moderate, and severe dilation (Group A: LVEDD !6.0 cm [n 5 22]; Group B: 6.0-7.0 cm [n 5 32]; Group C: O7.0 cm [n 5 48], respectively). Overall, recovery (successful explant without transplantation) occurred in 14 of 102 subjects (14%). Of these, 2 died and 2 required transplantation within 1 year. Recovery was more common in patients without LV dilation (Groups A/B/C 5 32%/22%/0%, P ! .001), as was sustained recovery (alive and transplant free 1 year after explant; A/B/C 5 27%/10%/0%, P 5 .001). Of the recovery patients in Group A, 6/7 (86%) had sustained recovery versus 3/6 (50%) in Group B. Conclusions: Recovery occurred in 32% of NICM patients without significant LV dilation at time of VAD, the majority of whom experienced significant sustained recovery. Recovery was not evident in those with severe LV dilation. Routine echocardiography at the time of implant may assist in targeting patients for recovery after VAD. (J Cardiac Fail 2010;16:99e105)
Marital adjustment, parental disagreements about child rearing, and behavior problems in boys: Increasing the specificity of the marital assessment.

2 studies were conducted to illustrate how measuring a specific aspect of marriage, namely, child-rearing disagreements, provides a better understanding of the link between marriage and boys' behavior. In Study 1, 200 mothers of 3-year-old boys completed unstandardized measures of marital functioning and child behavior. An index of child-rearing disagreements: (1) correlated with a greater variety of behavior problems than nonchild disagreements, and (2) improved upon the prediction of behavior problems after accounting for nonchild disagreements as well as after accounting for boys' exposure to marital conflict. In Study 2, 87 mothers with 4-6-year-old sons completed the index of child-rearing disagreements used in Study 1 as well as standard measures of marital functioning and child behavior. Child-rearing disagreements: (1) predicted a greater variety of behavior problems than global marital adjustment, and (2) improved upon the prediction of internalizing problems after controlling for global marital adjustment as well as after controlling for boys' exposure to marital conflict.
Distributed welfare games with applications to sensor coverage

Traditionally resource allocation problems are approached in a centralized manner; however, often centralized control is impossible. We consider a distributed, non-cooperative approach to resource allocation. In particular, we consider the situation where the global planner does not have the authority to assign players to resources; rather, players are self-interested. The question that emerges is how can the global planner entice the players to settle on a desirable allocation with respect to the global welfare? To study this question, we focus on a class of games that we refer to as distributed welfare games. Within this context, we investigate how the global planner should distribute the global welfare to the players. We measure the efficacy of a distribution rule in two ways: (i) Does a pure Nash equilibrium exist? (ii) How efficient are the Nash equilibria as compared with the global optimum? We derive sufficient conditions on the distribution rule that ensures the existence of a pure Nash equilibrium in any single-selection distributed welfare game. Furthermore, we derive bounds on the efficiency of these distribution rules in a variety of settings. Lastly, we highlight the implications of these results in the context of the sensor coverage problem.
DNA as a Nutrient: Novel Role for Bacterial Competence Gene Homologs

ABSTRACT The uptake and stable maintenance of extracellular DNA, genetic transformation, is universally recognized as a major force in microbial evolution. We show here that extracellular DNA, both homospecific and heterospecific, can also serve as the sole source of carbon and energy supporting microbial growth. Mutants unable to consume DNA suffer a significant loss of fitness during stationary-phase competition. InEscherichia coli, the use of DNA as a nutrient depends on homologs of proteins involved in natural genetic competence and transformation in Haemophilus influenzae andNeisseria gonorrhoeae. Homologs of these E. coli genes are present in many members of the γ subclass ofProteobacteria, suggesting that the mechanisms for consumption of DNA may have been widely conserved during evolution.