cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
When children with sickle‐cell disease become adults: Lack of outpatient care leads to increased use of the emergency department

Young adults with sickle-cell disease have increased emergency department (ED) utilization and increased risk of mortality for unclear reasons. Emergency Department Reliance (EDR) differentiates excessive ED use due to increased need in chronic illness from increased use due to limited access to outpatient care. A higher EDR has been used to define excessive reliance on the ED and thus access to care issues leading to increased ED utilization. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of sickle-cell disease patients within the Wisconsin Medicaid database over a 5-year period to examine EDR during the transition period from childhood to adulthood. The study population included four distinct groups: (1) children, (2) patients transitioning from pediatric to adult providers, (3) young adults, and (4) adults age 31-45. Rates of visits per year were calculated for ED visits and outpatient visits for all diagnoses and sickle-cell disease-related diagnoses. Overall, we found increased EDR among the transition group and young adults compared to children and adults for sickle-cell disease-related diagnoses. These findings suggest access to care issues play a significant role in the increased ED utilization seen during the transition period from pediatric to adult providers in sickle-cell disease.
NEPHROTIC SERUM CONTAINS A SUBSTANCE WHICH INHIBITS THE DETECTION OF IMMUNE COMPLEXES

Serums from 17 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome were examined for immune complexes by a solid phase Clq radio-immunoassay. No serum had elevated C1q binding. Instead, the nephrotic serums contained a factor which inhibited the binding of monomeric IgG, aggregated IgG, and naturally occurring IgG immune complexes to C1q. As a result of this inhibition the amount of immune complex material in nephrotic serum is underestimated by the solid phase C1q radioimmunoassay. The inhibition could not be accounted for by the reduced levels of Clq or IgG in the nephrotic serums, nor by hyperlipemia, nor by IgM or IgM containing immune complexes. The factor did not bind to C1q. Serum from patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome contains a substance which binds to IgG and reduces the affinity of IgG for C1q. Immune complex assays which rely upon the interaction of complexes with C1q give falsely low values in these individuals.
Neural pathways subserving negative lens-induced emmetropization in chicks--insights from selective lesions of the optic nerve and ciliary nerve.

Purpose. Active emmetropization describes the process by which young eyes regulate their growth to eliminate refractive errors. The purpose of this study was to re-investigate the role of the brain in compensation to imposed hyperopic defocus (negative lenses), specifically, to assess whether a retina-brain link and/or an intact ciliary nerve are required for this emmetropizing response. Data from previous related studies are equivocal. Methods. Unilateral lesion surgery involving either or both optic nerve section (ONS) and ciliary nerve section (CNS), was performed on 2–3 day old White-Leghorn chicks to interrupt communication between the eye (retina in the case of ONS) and brain. After a recovery period of 4 days, lesioned eyes were fitted with either –5 or –15 D lenses or diffusers (6–9 per group). An additional lesion group underwent unilateral CNS and was fitted with –5D lenses bilaterally. Finally 3 groups that underwent the same unilateral optical treatments but no surgery were included as control...
Emerging principles governing the operation of neural networks.

ical, and computational techniques have provided the tools to begin uncovering concepts underlying neural network function. This review is a summary of insights into the organization and operation of neural circuits acquired through application of these techniques to invertebrate and vertebrate systems. This review is not a survey of the vast variety of known neural networks but rather concentrates on emerging concepts applicable to net­ works in general. The first section provides a brief historical perspective. The second and third sections summarize two emerging concepts about the operation and modulation of neural circuits. The first concept is that the operation of a neural network depends upon interactions among mul­ tiple nonlinear processes at the cellular, synaptic, and network levels. The second concept is that modulation of these underlying processes can alter network operation. The final section suggests potentially profitable research directions for the future.
Two-phase flow and transport in the air cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Abstract Two-phase flow and transport of reactants and products in the air cathode of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is studied analytically and numerically. Single- and two-phase regimes of water distribution and transport are classified by a threshold current density corresponding to first appearance of liquid water at the membrane/cathode interface. When the cell operates above the threshold current density, liquid water appears and a two-phase zone forms within the porous cathode. A two-phase, multicomponent mixture model in conjunction with a finite-volume-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique is applied to simulate the cathode operation in this regime. The model is able to handle the situation where a single-phase region co-exists with a two-phase zone in the air cathode. For the first time, the polarization curve as well as water and oxygen concentration distributions encompassing both single- and two-phase regimes of the air cathode are presented. Capillary action is found to be the dominant mechanism for water transport inside the two-phase zone of the hydrophilic structure. The liquid water saturation within the cathode is predicted to reach 6.3% at 1.4 A cm−2 for dry inlet air.
Regulation of lymph node vascular growth by dendritic cells

Lymph nodes grow rapidly and robustly at the initiation of an immune response, and this growth is accompanied by growth of the blood vessels. Although the vessels are critical for supplying nutrients and for controlling cell trafficking, the regulation of lymph node vascular growth is not well understood. We show that lymph node endothelial cells begin to proliferate within 2 d of immunization and undergo a corresponding expansion in cell numbers. Endothelial cell proliferation is dependent on CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs), and the subcutaneous injection of DCs is sufficient to trigger endothelial cell proliferation and growth. Lymph node endothelial cell proliferation is dependent on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and DCs are associated with increased lymph node VEGF levels. DC-induced endothelial cell proliferation and increased VEGF levels are mediated by DC-induced recruitment of blood-borne cells. Vascular growth in the draining lymph node includes the growth of high endothelial venule endothelial cells and is functionally associated with increased cell entry into the lymph node. Collectively, our results suggest a scenario whereby endothelial cell expansion in the draining lymph node is induced by DCs as part of a program that optimizes the microenvironment for the ensuing immune response.
Alcohol and breast cancer risk among Asian-American women in Los Angeles County

The role of alcohol and breast cancer risk in Asians has not been well studied. Recent studies suggest that even moderate alcohol intake may be associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, and this may be particularly relevant as alcohol intake is traditionally low among Asians. We investigated the association between lifetime alcohol intake (including frequency, quantity, duration, timing, and beverage type) and breast cancer in a population-based case-control study of 2,229 Asian Americans diagnosed with incident breast cancer and 2,002 matched control women in Los Angeles County. Additionally, we examined the relation between current alcohol intake and serum concentrations of sex-hormones and growth factors in a subset of postmenopausal control women. Regular lifetime alcohol intake was significantly higher in US-born than non-US-born Asian Americans (P < 0.001) and almost twice as common in Japanese- than in Chinese- and Filipino-Americans (P < 0.001). Breast cancer risk increased with increasing alcohol intake among US-born Asian Americans; the odds ratios (ORs) per 5 grams per day and per 10 years of drinking were 1.21 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00 to 1.45) and 1.12 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.28), respectively. Regular alcohol intake was a significant risk factor for Japanese-, but not for Chinese- and Filipino-Americans. Current consumers compared with nondrinkers showed lower concentrations of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (P = 0.03) and nonsignificantly higher concentrations of estrone and androgens. Regular lifetime alcohol intake is a significant breast cancer risk factor in US-born Asian Americans and Japanese Americans, emphasizing the importance of this modifiable lifestyle factor in traditionally low-risk populations.
A New type of Graded Buffer Layer for Gas-Source Molecular Beam Epitaxial Growth of Highly Strained INxGA1−XP/GAP Multiple Quantum Wells on Gap

A new type of graded buffer layer, called graded short-period superlattice (GSSL) buffer layer, is proposed, and its effect on improving the material quality is investigated by comparing the qualities of 50-period InGaP/GaP multiple quantum wells (MQWs) grown on top of it and on a linearly graded (LG) buffer layer. Unlike the linearly graded buffer layer, in which the In composition is changed 1% per step size with a constant composition InGaP, the new buffer uses InGaP/GaP short-period superlattice within each step, while maintaining the average In composition of the short-period superlattice being changed the same amount per step size. Characterization of these structures by high-resolution X-ray diffraction and low-temperature photoluminescence indicates that, while the MQWs grown on a GSSL buffer show comparable structural properties as compared with those on an LG buffer, they exhibit higher PL intensity and narrower PL line width.
Application of the World Health Organization (WHO) ICF and ICF-CY to communication disability

Abstract The World Health Organization (WHO) has developed a framework and classification system that captures functional health status. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) (2001) and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) (2007) represent a significant advancement in the understanding of functional health and disabilities compared to WHO's initial 1980 International Classification of Impairments, Disabilities, and Handicaps (ICIDH). The ICF and ICF-CY have been gaining acceptance across Europe in all health sectors and rehabilitation fields. This article describes the basics of the ICF and ICF-CY, and their possible clinical, educational, and research influences on the field of communication disorders. In addition, a discussion of European Union based initiatives using these classifications systems is presented, as well as recent ICF activities in Spain.
Lowering cost of test: parallel test or low-cost ATE?

Low cost ATE has often been promoted as the obvious solution to reduce the cost of test. Parallel test is another well-known approach, where multiple devices are tested on one tester (multi-site test) while multiple blocks within one device are tested concurrently. This paper shows quantitatively that parallel test reduces test cost more effectively than low-cost ATE, because it reduces all test cost contributors, not only the capital cost of ATE.
HierKNEM: An Adaptive Framework for Kernel-Assisted and Topology-Aware Collective Communications on Many-core Clusters

Multicore Clusters, which have become the most prominent form of High Performance Computing (HPC) systems, challenge the performance of MPI applications with non uniform memory accesses and shared cache hierarchies. Recent advances in MPI collective communications have alleviated the performance issue exposed by deep memory hierarchies by carefully considering the mapping between the collective topology and the core distance, as well as the use of single-copy kernel assisted mechanisms. However, on distributed environments, a single level approach cannot encompass the extreme variations not only in bandwidth and latency capabilities, but also in the aptitude to support duplex communications or operate multiple concurrent copies simultaneously. This calls for a collaborative approach between multiple layers of collective algorithms, dedicating to extracting the maximum degree of parallelism from the collective algorithm by consolidating the intra- and inter-node communications. In this work, we present Hier KNEM a kernel-assisted topology-aware collective framework, and how this framework orchestrates the collaboration between multiple layers of collective algorithms. The resulting scheme enables perfect overlap of intra- and inter-node communications. We demonstrated experimentally, by considering three of the most used collective operations (Broadcast, All gather and Reduction), that 1) this approach is immune to modifications of the underlying process-core binding, 2) it outperforms state-of-art MPI libraries (Open MPI, MPICH2 and MVAPICH2) demonstrating up to a 30x speedup for synthetic benchmarks, and up to a 3x acceleration for a parallel graph application (ASP), 3) it furthermore demonstrates a linear speedup with the increase of the number of cores per node, a paramount requirement for scalability on future many-core hardware.
Novel Cytotoxic Agents in the Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer affecting women worldwide, comprising approximately 20% of all cancers. Although many advances in the treatment of this disease have been made and mortality of early breast cancer improved over the past three decades, metastatic breast cancer (MBC) remains an incurable disease. Cytotoxic chemotherapy continues to play a major role in the treatment of MBC and has been recently combined with biologic agents such as monoclonal antibodies or kinase inhibitors. Over the past decade, several novel cytotoxic chemotherapies have been evaluated in clinical trials. Encouraging results have been observed with novel anti-microtubule agents, with recent US Food and Drug Administration approval of eribulin in 2010. Other novel cytotoxic agents currently under clinical development include novel anti-microtubule drugs, platinum compounds, and anti-angiogenic agents combined with chemotherapy. Here, we review all the major novel cytotoxic agents that have undergone clinical study over the past 5 years for the treatment of MBC.
Modeling Asymmetric Resonances Using an Optical Filter Approach

Asymmetric spectral responses of microring resonators are analyzed by modeling the coupling region as a two-input/two-output Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI). The asymmetric behavior is dictated by the phase difference between the pole and zero, which is a physical result of different optical losses on the upper and lower MZI arms. The coupling region is further modeled as a frequency dependent element by making the MZI arms asymmetric in length. From this model, it is easy to identify the impact on pole and zero magnitudes as well as relative phases, and thus predict the spectral amplitude response over the free-spectral range of the coupler MZI. We verify this model using experimental data and show physical evidence of the asymmetric spectral response and its origin.
Effect of hard layer demagnetization on the magnetization reversal of epitaxial Fe/SmCo spring magnets

Epitaxial Fe/SmCo bilayers, a classical exchange spring magnet system, have been of great interest for potential applications in permanent magnet and thermally assisted magnetic recording. In the epitaxial Fe/SmCo samples the magnetization reversal of the Fe layer is distinguishable from the SmCo layer, in that there are two separate switching steps in the major hysteresis loop. The onset of the SmCo layer switching is also the onset of irreversible magnetization reversal for the bilayer, which has been shown by the recent first-order reversal curve (FORC). The second-order reversal curve (SORC) allows to distinguish between the Fe and the SmCo layer contributions to the magnetization switching despite the change in interlayer exchange coupling.
Berezin's operator calculus and higher order Schwarz–Pick lemma

We provide a new and simple proof to the result in our study of Berezin's operator calculus [B. Li, The Berezin transform and mth order Bergman metric, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. (to appear)] that the mth order Bergman metric (B m ∂ v )(z) is a constant multiple of {(B 1∂ v )(z)} m on the unit ball, where (B 1∂ v )(z) is the classical Bergman metric. Based on the reproducing-kernel theory, an approximation approach is developed to treat (B m ∂ v )(z) on the unit ball and ℂ n in a uniform way. Secondly, we discuss the interplay between our analysis in Berezin's operator calculus and the higher order Schwarz–Pick lemma in Dai et al. [S. Dai, H. Chen, and Y. Pan, The Schwarz–Pick lemma of high order in several variables, Michigan Math. J. (to appear)]. As a consequence, the mth order Caratheodory–Reiffen metric (C m ∂ v )(z) is shown to be a constant multiple of {(C 1∂ v )(z)} m also on the unit ball, where (C 1∂ v )(z) is the classical infinitesimal Caratheodory–Reiffen metric.
Understanding and Misunderstanding Individual Modernity

A number of issues have arisen from the publication of Becoming Modern by Inkeles and Smith. This paper raises each issue in turn and attempts to support the major assertions of that study. Included are the reasons for studying the individual, the role of personality characteristics, the personal features of modernity, the universality and empirical status of the concept, some sources of individual modernity, relationships between modernity, stress, and alienation, the contrast between modernity and traditionalism, and the consequences of individual modernity for one's society.
Possessive and transitive in Eskimo

The purpose of this paper is to give an account of some hitherto unexplained phenomena connected with the use of the Eskimo 'relative case'. A deep structure is proposed that not only will account for the occurrence of certain surface morphemes, but also, and in a natural way, for the semantic affinities that exist between certain types of noun phrases and the transitive sentence in Eskimo. In particular, it is shown that in phrases of the type 'the man's house', there exists evidence for considering 'man' as the subject noun phrase, 'house' as the object noun phrase of some deep structure. The transformational machinery involved in deriving the correct surface structures is shown in some detail. A discussion of older terminology in Eskimo grammatical tradition provides additional, indirect confirmation of the naturalness of the proposed explanation.
Efficient bit error analysis of asynchronous code-division multiple-access systems in Rician fading

The paper deals with code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems where users employ random code sequences and transmit asynchronously. It is assumed that the transmitted signals propagate through statistically independent, Rician fading channels. Bit error evaluation of CDMA systems in Rician fading is considered. Based on a flat Rician fading model and the Simplified Improved Gaussian Approximation (SIGA) method, new closed-form equations are derived for the bit error probability (BEP). The new SIGA equations allow one to analyze the effects of both deterministic and Rayleigh fading signal components on the BEP. The new equations are efficient and accurate as long as the CDMA processing gain is large and are subject to some limitations on system parameters. Computational data confirm the validity of the new equations and indicate how Rician parameters affect the BEP.
Interferon-β1a reduces plasma CD31+ endothelial microparticles (CD31+EMP) in multiple sclerosis

Background A correlation between plasma CD31+ endothelial microparticles (CD31+EMP) levels and clinical, as well as brain MRI activity, in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients has been previously reported. However, the effect(s) of treatment with interferon-β1a (IFN-β1a) on plasma levels of CD31+EMP has not been assessed. In a prospective study, we measured plasma CD31+EMP levels in 30 patients with relapsing-remitting MS.
Effects of Spectrum Teaching Styles on College Students' Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Self-Determined Motivation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of two landmark spectrum styles, practice and inclusion, on students’ basic psychological needs satisfaction and self-determined motivation. Twelve classes of college-aged students (n = 149) participated in two badminton lessons taught under the conditions of the practice and inclusion styles. The basic psychological needs for physical education scale (BPN-PE) and situational intrinsic motivation scale (SIMS) were administered prior to the implementation of the two style-specific lessons and following each lesson. Students’ perceptions of fun, learning, and motivation and experience with the two teaching styles were examined through a post-study questionnaire. One-way ANOVAs with repeated measures were used to determine whether the interventions (teaching styles) had an effect on student psychological needs satisfaction, motivational behavioural regulation, perceptions of fun, learning, and motivation, and experience with the teaching experiences. Findin...
Inactivation of bacteriophage k, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans by ozone

The effects of ozone (O3) on three types of microbes were studied. Test suspensions were exposed to 600 ppm O3 at room temperature. Control experiments were performed under identical conditions using oxygen gas. Bacteriophage λ was completely inactivated at 10 min while Escherichia coli and Candida albicans were only inactivated by factors of 105 and 104 respectively at 40 min. Exposure of a mixed microbial suspension to O3 for 5 min resulted in 100% killing of bacteriophages while the viability of E. coli remained unchanged. Various body fluids containing phages were exposed to O3. Compared to buffered solution, the decrease in phage titers was significantly slower in whole blood, plasma, and albumin. Both E. coli and C. albicans had increased production of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances with increased O3 exposure. 3H-labelled amino acids were incorporated into E. coli. O3 treatment resulted in a loss of radioactivity, indicating leakage of cytoplasmic contents. The data indicate that microbes are inactivated by O3 at different rates, possibly related to differential membrane permeability. The milieu in which microbes are present determines the effectiveness and outcome of O3 treatment.
The Temperament/Actualization Concept: A Perspective on Constitutional Integrity and Psychological Health:

The tide in humanistic psychology has been running against the psychobiological perspective. In this climate, the author and his students have gathered a body of data showing that the nonactualizat...
Antarctic summer sea ice concentration and extent: comparison of ODEN 2006 ship observations, satellite passive microwave and NIC sea ice charts

Antarctic sea ice cover has shown a slight in- crease (<1%/decade) in overall observed ice extent as de- rived from satellite mapping from 1979 to 2008, contrary to the decline observed in the Arctic regions. Spatial and temporal variations of the Antarctic sea ice however remain a significant problem to monitor and understand, primarily due to the vastness and remoteness of the region. While satellite remote sensing has provided and has great future potential to monitor the variations and changes of sea ice, uncertainties remain unresolved. In this study, the National Ice Center (NIC) ice edge and the AMSR-E (Advanced Mi- crowave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) ice extent are examined, while the ASPeCt (Antarctic Sea Ice Process and Climate) ship observations from the Oden expe- dition in December 2006 are used as ground truth to verify the two products during Antarctic summer. While there is a general linear trend between ASPeCt and AMSR-E ice con- centration estimates, there is poor correlation (R 2 =0.41) and AMSR-E tends to underestimate the low ice concentrations. We also found that the NIC sea ice edge agrees well with ship observations, while the AMSR-E shows the ice edge further south, consistent with its poorer detection of low ice concen- trations. The northward extent of the ice edge at the time of observation (NIC) had mean values varying from 38 km to 102 km greater on different days for the area as compared with the AMSR-E sea ice extent. For the circumpolar area as a whole in the December period examined, AMSR-E there- fore may underestimate the area inside the ice edge at this time by up to 14% or, 1.5 million km 2 less area, compared to the NIC ice charts. Preliminary comparison of satellite
Health literacy and medication administration performance by caregivers of adults with developmental disabilities

Objectives To measure health literacy (HL) of caregivers of adults with intellectual/developmental disabilities (IDDs); to determine the association between HL and a medication administration task (MAT) assessment; and to identify caregiver characteristics associated with higher HL and MAT scores.
Sentinel responses to droughts, wildfires, and floods: Effects of UV radiation on lakes and their ecosystem services

Environmental drivers such as climate change are responsible for extreme events that are critically altering freshwater resources across the planet. In the continental US, these events range from increases in the frequency and duration of droughts and wildfires in the West, to increasing precipitation and floods that are turning lakes and reservoirs brown in the East. Such events transform and transport organic carbon in ways that affect the exposure of ecosystems to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and visible light, with important implications for ecosystem services. Organic matter dissolved in storm runoff or released as black carbon in smoke selectively reduces UV radiation exposure. In contrast, droughts generally increase water transparency, so that UV radiation and visible light penetrate to greater depths. These shifts in water transparency alter the potential for solar disinfection of waterborne parasites, the production of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts in drinking water, and the vertical distribution of zooplankton that are a critical link in aquatic food webs.
P2.077 Use of the OSOM ® Trichomonas Rapid Test in an Emergency Room Setting

Background The availability of sensitive point-of-care tests for Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in emergency rooms (ER) is important to facilitate immediate diagnosis and treatment. We evaluated the use of the OSOM ® Trichomonas Rapid Test, an FDA-approved immunochromatographic capillary flow assay, among female patients in an ER located in the southeastern United States. Methods The University of North Carolina Hospitals located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, US replaced wet mount microscopy (WM) for vaginal TV detection with the OSOM ® Trichomonas Rapid Test (Genzyme Corporation, US) in October 2011. We analysed 10 months of data for women evaluated in the ER with the rapid test, and compared the positivity rate with a similar 10-month period determined by WM. We assessed characteristics of women identified with trichomoniasis using the rapid test, and the proportion who received appropriate therapy. Results Over the study period, 1533 female patients were tested for TV using the rapid test, of which 539 (35.2%) were Black, with a median age of 28 years (range 6–82 years). The TV positivity rate based on the rapid test was 5.6% (86/1533), compared to 3.2% (54/1681) among those tested with WM. Among 77 unique female patients with TV infection, 467 (34.0%) were Black and had a median age of 28 years. Nearly half of infected women presented with a chief complaint of abdominal pain (49%); vaginal discharge was only reported by 10%. Among infected women, 55% had concomitant bacterial vaginosis (BV), and 16% were co-infected with gonorrhoea and/or chlamydia. Most infected women (84%) were prescribed metronidazole during the same ER visit. Conclusions . The OSOM ® Trichomonas Rapid Test resulted in a 60% increase in TV detection among women compared to WM, and the majority received appropriate TV therapy. Women identified with TV infection in an ER setting were primarily co-infected with BV and other STIs.
Description of a Species of Neozygites Infecting Oligonychus Pratensis in the Western Great Plains of the United States

A fungal pathogen was observed to decimate natural populations of Banks grass mite, Oligonychus pratensis, and twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, on field corn and grain sorghum in the western Great Plains of the United States. The fungus was reared on 0. pratensis in the laboratory to study its biology and morphology. Additional observations of the fungus were made on naturally infected 0. pratensis and T. urticae collected in Kansas and Texas fields. The morphology of the pathogen most closely resembles that described for Neozygites adjarica. Resting spores were commonly produced, even at late summer field temperatures, and they were smooth and globose to pyriform. Rhizoids were also commonly present and were found only in cadavers that contained resting spores. This is the first description of this pathogen in 0. pratensis.
Structure Prediction and Nanomechanical Properties of Human Vimentin Intermediate Filament Dimers

Intermediate filaments (IFs), in addition to microtubules (MTs) and microfilaments (MFs), are one of the three major components of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. As the basic building block of IFs, the properties of the IF dimmer re crucial to fully understand the molecular basis for the properties of the IF network in cells. However, the structure of IF dimers remains unknown, which has thus far prevented the elucidation of its nanomechanical properties, in particular molecular-level mechanisms of deformation. Here we present the development of a full atomistic molecular model of the vimentin dimmer, a coiled-coil structure consisting of four alpha-helixes (AHs). The structure is found to be stable in molecular dynamics simulation after an extensive equilibration process. After careful structure prediction, the behavior of the IF dimer under mechanical stress is investigated; including studies of changing the pulling velocity and a detailed analysis of the associated deformation and rupture mechanisms. Most notably, we observe a transition of AHs to beta-sheets (BSs) under mechanical deformation, as has been observed indirectly in earlier experimental studies. Our result helps to better understand the structure and fracture mechanism of this important protein filament.© 2009 ASME
Diffusion Behavior of Ion-Implanted n-type Dopants in Silicon Germanium

The diffusion behavior of ion implanted arsenic and phosphorus in relaxed-Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 is investigated. Both dopants exhibit enhanced diffusivities in SiGe compared to those in Si under equilibrium conditions. The ratio of the effective diffusivity in SiGe relative to that in Si is found to be approximately seven for arsenic, and roughly two for phosphorus at high concentrations. Under transient diffusion conditions, arsenic diffusion in SiGe is retarded while arsenic diffusion in Si is enhanced by the ion implant damage. The transient retardation of arsenic diffusion in SiGe is observed at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1050°C. These results suggest that using arsenic, it is possible to form n + /p junctions in relaxed-Si 0.8 Ge 0.2 as shallow as those in Si, by optimizing the implant annealing conditions.
PROSE Treatment for Ocular Chronic Graft-Versus-Host Disease as a Clinical Network Expands.

BACKGROUND Keratoconjunctivitis sicca occurs in 40% to 90% of patients with ocular chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD). Ocular symptoms can have profound effects in both the visual function and quality of life of patients with GVHD. We report the impact of prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment in patients with cGVHD as a clinical network expands. METHODS We queried the BostonSight PROSE manufacturing database from January 2002 to December 2011. Patients treated for ocular cGVHD were reported by age, gender, year, and network site where the treatment was undertaken. The baseline and six-month follow-up scores of visual function using a standardized validated instrument, the National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25), were evaluated for a period in 2006 and again in 2010 after network expansion had occurred. RESULTS A total of 407 patients with a male:female ratio of 226:181, mean age was 51 years with ocular cGVHD underwent PROSE treatment from January 2002 to December 2011. By 2011, 67% of all cases were treated at network clinics. Baseline characteristics of patients treated throughout the network in 2010 were similar to that of 2006 and 2010 cohorts from the main center. There was a significant improvement of 41 points (P<0.001) in composite NEI VFQ score among patients treated across the network in 2010, similar to the improvement of 30 points (P<0.001) seen among the patients treated at the main center in 2010. There was a trend toward lower baseline self-reported general health status (SRGHS) and VFQ scores among patients treated at network clinics, suggesting that expansion of the network allows treatment of sicker patients (lower general health status) or those more severely affected by ocular cGVHD. CONCLUSIONS PROSE treatment of ocular cGVHD has increased in the last decade with the establishment of BostonSight network clinics across the United States. Patients treated at network clinics showed similar levels of baseline visual function and SRGHS, and achieved a similar high level of improvement in visual function as those treated at the main center. Patient-reported measures of functional status are useful in evaluating treatment options for patients with cGVHD. PROSE treatment has significant positive impact on the visual function of patients with ocular cGVHD regardless of whether the patient is treated at the main center or at a network site.
Hydrogenated vacancies and hidden hydrogen in SrTiO 3

We investigate the stability of O, Ti, and Sr vacancies in SrTiO${}_{3}$ and their interactions with hydrogen impurities. Based on density functional calculations with a hybrid functional, we analyze formation energies, binding energies, and H-related vibrational modes. We find that interstitial hydrogen (H${}_{i}^{+}$) and substitutional hydrogen on an oxygen site (H${}_{\mathrm{O}}$) both act as shallow donors and are likely to contribute to unintentional $n$-type conductivity. Hydrogen can also bind to Ti vacancies in the form of (${V}_{\mathrm{Ti}}$-H)${}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ and (${V}_{\mathrm{Ti}}$-2H)${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ complexes. Sr vacancies can form (${V}_{\mathrm{Sr}}$-H)${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ or accommodate an H${}_{2}$ molecule in the form of (${V}_{\mathrm{Sr}}$-H${}_{2}$)${}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ complex. The latter provides an explanation for the ``hidden'' hydrogen recently observed in annealing experiments [M. C. Tarun and M. D. McCluskey, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 063706 (2011)].
Abstract B90: Predictors of HPV vaccine initiation and completion among Hispanic mothers of 11-17 year old daughters living along the Texas-Mexico border

Background: Cervical cancer incidence and mortality are higher for Hispanic women along the Texas-Mexico border than for other female population groups. Incidence could be reduced if teenaged Hispanic girls received the HPV vaccine before they became sexually active. However, few Hispanic girls compared to U.S. girls receive all three HPV vaccine doses (31% vs 36%), which prevent cervical cancer. Mothers are crucial to the success of HPV vaccine uptake efforts, but few studies have examined predictors of vaccine initiation and completion. The purpose of this study is to assess predictors (socio-demographics, HPV and vaccine knowledge, and vaccine self-efficacy) of vaccine initiation and completion. Methods: We utilized baseline data from an outreach and education program utilizing promotoras and peer educators to deliver health education to mothers and daughters to increase HPV knowledge and promote HPV immunization. Our analyses utilized data from mothers of never vaccinated girls (n=371) to examine the association between the predictors and vaccine initiation and completion. To control for potential confounders, we conducted multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: Findings showed both health insurance (Initiators AOR: 0.27; 95% CI= .09, .79; Completers AOR: 0.29; 95% CI= .10, .83) and program status (Initiators AOR: 3.04; 95% CI= 1.76, 5.26; Completers AOR: 2.21; 95% CI= 1.27, 3.58) were associated with HPV vaccine initiation and completion among mothers. Results also showed preferred language (AOR: 0.15; 95% CI= .04, .53) and health status (AOR: 0.52; 95% CI= .29, .92) were associated with series initiation. Conclusions: Findings suggest mothers who spoke English, had health insurance, and reported having good health were at lower odds of vaccine initiation. Also, mothers with health insurance also had lower odds of series completion. Mothers who participated in the program compared to the brochure only group were more likely to initiate and complete the vaccine series. These findings assist in identifying appropriate intervention strategies to enhance vaccine initiation in border communities at risk for cervical cancer. Citation Format: Daisy Y. Morales-Campos, Deborah A. Parra-Medina. Predictors of HPV vaccine initiation and completion among Hispanic mothers of 11-17 year old daughters living along the Texas-Mexico border. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eighth AACR Conference on The Science of Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; Nov 13-16, 2015; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016;25(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B90.
Mediastinal Choriocarcinoma in a Chromatin-Positive Boy

Abstract A case of primary mediastinal choriocarcinoma in a chromatin-positive boy is reported. The incidence of neoplasms in patients with so-called Klinefelter’s syndrome is discussed as well as embryogenesis and diagnostic evaluation in patients presenting with this tumor.
Digging Further into Wolf-Deer Interactions: Food Web Effects on Soil Nitrogen Availability in a Great Lakes Forest

Abstract The negative impacts of herbivore consumption on plants are well known, but impacts on ecosystem processes are not. Herbivores can alter soil nutrient availability through herbivory and waste deposition. If predators significantly reduce herbivory, they may impact some soil ecosystem processes. Gray wolves may regulate white-tailed deer herbivory in Great Lakes forests, and this may impact soil nitrogen availability. Deer exclosure/control plots in high- and low-wolf use forest patches were employed to determine whether wolves and/or deer affect nitrogen availability. Despite evidence for deer affecting soil nitrogen availability in other forests and wolves affecting it in grasslands, we found no such effects in this forest. Given the context dependence of top-down impacts on nutrient dynamics, we encourage further inquiry.
Status of Macrophomina phaseolina on Strawberry in California and Preliminary Characterization of the Pathogen

Macrophomina crown and root rot has become a significant soil-borne disease issue in California. For many locations in the state, the disease is associated with fields that are no longer pre-plant,...
Reed-muller codes achieve capacity on the quantum erasure channel

The quantum erasure channel is the simplest example of a quantum communication channel and its information capacity is known precisely. The subclass of quantum error-correcting codes called stabilizer codes is known to contain capacity-achieving sequences for the quantum erasure channel, but no efficient method is known to construct these sequences. In this article, we explicitly describe a capacity-achieving code sequence for the quantum erasure channel. In particular, we show that Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) stabilizer codes constructed from self-orthogonal binary linear codes are capacity-achieving on the quantum erasure channel if the binary linear codes are capacity-achieving on the binary erasure channel. Recently, Reed-Muller codes were shown to achieve capacity on classical erasure channels. Using this, we show that CSS codes constructed from binary Reed-Muller codes achieve the capacity of the quantum erasure channel. The capacity-achieving nature of these CSS codes is also explained from a GF(4) perspective.
At the discretion of the (a-) thing: Derrida and German thought

In this presentation, I examine the doubleness of the thing that is usually masked by the appropriative tendencies of life. Once the enigma of thingliness is given its place, the influence of its own non-intentional inherencies can be recognized. Derrida is particularly interested in the virtual or spectral manifestations of things and the affective power they possess. In the background of each thing, das Ding resides, and with it, the force to call forth the real.
Human Language Technologies: The 2010 Annual Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics

It is with great pleasure that I welcome you to the 2010 Human Language Technologies conference of the North American chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics. An enormous amount of effort has gone into organizing the conference, and the result is the rich set of intellectual and social experiences that you will enjoy this week. The NAACL HLT 2010 conference is an orchestrated production of many events. The centerpiece is the collection of carefully chosen papers, posters, and demonstrations that will be presented during the three days of the main conference. This includes the papers and posters of the Student Research Workshop, a setting that gives encouragement and opportunity for new members of our community to present their work. The main conference is preceded by a day of tutorials on topics of current interest in the field, and it is followed by a very full program of specialized workshops.
A Cybernetic Approach to Characterization of Complex Sensory Environments: Implications for Human Robot Interaction

Humans are increasingly interacting and collaborating with robotic and intelligent agents. How to make these interactions as effective as possible remains, however, an open question. Here, we argue that consistent understandings of the environment on the part of the human and agent are critical for their interaction and basing these understandings on only the objective features of sensory inputs may be inadequate. To that end, the current paper presents a novel approach to more integrated characterizations of the sensory environment that encompass objective and subjective features of sensory inputs. We propose that an approach to signal and behavioral estimation consistent with the control and communication theoretic perspective of Cybernetics could inform human robot interaction (HRI) applications. Specifically, we offer a potential path forward for quantifying similarity in stimulus events that can lead to consistent understandings of the environment, which when applied to HRI can enhance human-agent communication in HRI applications.
Modeling tamping recovery of track geometry using the copula-based approach:

Assessing and maintaining track geometry within acceptable limits are key components of railroad infrastructure maintenance operations. Track geometry conditions have a significant influence on rider comfort and safety. To maintain the ride quality and safety of the track, maintenance activities pertaining to track geometry, such as tamping, are performed. Tamping enhances the track geometry quality but fails to return the track geometry to an as-good-as-new condition. Majority of studies have evaluated tamping recovery using deterministic techniques, which assume that tamping recovery is dependent on the track geometry quality prior to tamping. However, they fail to capture the uncertainty of the recovery values. Probabilistic approaches are increasingly being used to account for the uncertainty but fail to model the underlying dependence between the variables, which may exhibit nonlinear dependences such as tail or asymmetric dependence. To accurately model the tamping recovery phenomenon, this research...
High-speed ultra-broadband dual-comb spectroscopy using electro-optics

Using 10-GHz electro-optic frequency combs and photonic-waveguide supercontinuum, we demonstrate dual-comb spectroscopy across 120 THz of bandwidth in the near infrared with a 32 kHz interferogram refresh rate.
Food insecurity, psychological distress and alcohol use: understanding the salience of family roles for gender disparities

ABSTRACTThe goal of this paper was to expand upon research documenting the adverse mental health effects of food insecurity by assessing the explanatory role of gender differences in family roles and arrangements among a nationally-representative sample of U.S. adults. Using data from the combined 2011–2012 and 2013–2014 cycles of The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we estimated a series of models using adult food insecurity measures and self-reported gender as main predictors of depressive symptoms and alcohol use. Our results demonstrate that marriage is protective against greater depressive symptomatology among women and men, and higher alcohol consumption among men. However, the protective effects of marriage against high alcohol use are reduced within the context of food insecurity among men. Further, the results indicate that parenthood is protective against greater depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption among women, but not men. The protective effects of having child...
Evanescent waveguide mode induced surface plasmonic wave excitation in subwavelength hole array enhanced quantum dot infrared photodetectors

In this paper, we present the analysis of the evanescent waveguide modes in a 2D subwavelength hole array (2DSHA) plasmonic structure and their relationship with the excited surface plasmonic resonance (SPR). It is found that when the metal film thickness is larger than 0.0625 µm, the excited SPRs have a linear dependence on the evanescent waveguide modes, whereas when the metal film is thin, the linear relationship does not hold, primarily due to the coupling of the SPRs on the asymmetric interfaces of the metal film. The linear dependence is also verified by curve-fitting the Fano transmission profiles of the 2DSHA structures. 2DSHA enhanced quantum dot infrared photodetectors with various metal film thicknesses were fabricated and tested. The measured plasmonic enhancement ratios agree well with the analysis.