cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1923: NF-κB signaling supports a sub-population of ovarian cancer tumor-initiating cells

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Although most patients respond favorably to first-line chemotherapy, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological cancer in the United States primarily because of a high incidence of disease recurrence. The inability of traditional chemotherapy to eradicate tumor-initiating cells (TICs) is a plausible explanation for tumor relapse and we have begun to characterize TIC populations in ovarian cancer cell lines. Importantly, we are investigating the role of the NF-κB pathway in regulating this system. We have identified conditions that sustain a highly tumorigenic TIC population. Preliminary data suggest that NF-κB promotes and sustains TICs in ovarian cancer and current efforts are underway to characterize the molecular mechanisms underlying this preference. We will correlate activity of this pathway with expression of ovarian TIC protein markers such as CD133, Sox2, Nanog, and Oct-4 in TIC cell cultures and xenografts. Moreover we will use TICs to investigate effects of inhibiting this pathway on marker expression, proliferation, resistance to chemotherapy, and the ability to form tumors in mice. Clarifying the specific role of the NF-κB network in TIC populations will further our understanding of ovarian cancer initiation, progression, and relapse and may lead to improved therapeutic strategies for women in first remission, to prevent subsequent relapse to incurable disease. Citation Format: Carrie D. House, Christina M. Annunziata. NF-κB signaling supports a sub-population of ovarian cancer tumor-initiating cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1923. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1923
The relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin and perioperative glucose control in patients with diabetes

Hyperglycemia and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are associated with perioperative morbidity in patients with diabetes, but the relationship between long-term glycemic control and perioperative glucose control is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and perioperative glucose in fasting patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery. This was a prospective observational study of 244 adult patients with type 2 diabetes who were evaluated before elective non-cardiac surgery at a preoperative medicine clinic in a tertiary care medical centre during the period September 2004 to May 2005. Preoperative HbA1c levels were determined, and preoperative and postoperative glucose values were measured on the day of surgery. The primary outcome variables were preoperative and postoperative blood glucose values. Half of all study patients had an HbA1c ≥ 7%, including 23% of patients with HbA1c ≥ 8%. HbA1c levels predict preoperative glucose levels, and preoperative glucose levels and duration of surgery predict postoperative glucose levels. Glucose levels in one-third of the patients with type 2 diabetes decreased during surgery without administration of insulin or glucose-regulating medications. HbA1c values may serve as biomarkers for glucose control during the immediate perioperative period in patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing elective surgery.
A Prospectus for Instructional Research on Visual Literacy

MODALITIES Among the areas that have been mentioned as contributing to the study of visual literacy are aesthetics, anatomy of the eye, body language, cognitive psychology, communication theory, cultural anthropology, instructional technology, mental imagery, neurophysiology, perceptual development, psycholinguistics, semantics, and visual perception. While an interdisciplinary approach can be beneficial to a scholarly area during its early phases of development, such eclectic periods must evolve into periods with clear conceptual foci if a field is to have an identity of its own. In this prospectus I attempt to define one such focus for the study of visual literacy. My suggestions are directed primarily to those concerned with instructional problems in visual literacy; they are less germane to those concerned with such problems as the impact of mass media on society and the aesthetic function of pictorial media. One of the most apparent implications of the term "visual literacy" is that it has something to do with visible (see-able) stimuli. Therefore, one logical place to begin an analysis is to question the nature of these stimuli. The most widely publicized definition of visual literacy is one that was tentatively offered by Jack Debes at the first convention of what is now the International Visual Literacy Association. Debes (1970)
Quasi-Ductile Behavior of Diesel Particulate Filter Axial Strength Test Bars with Ridges

Since a high porosity is needed to maintain a low backpressure with a diesel particulate filter, mechanical strength becomes critical in DPF honeycomb structures. In our mechanical tests, we have observed a quasi-ductilestress-strain behavior of the cellular refiactories used in exhaust gas aftertreatment. In particular, in 3X3-cell cross-section bend bars used for estimating the axial strength, we find a saw-tooth-type behavior. Associated with this behavior are monotonic decreases in bar stiffness with increasing load, as determined by repeatedly interrupting bar loading and measuring the small decreases in beam resonant frequency. Results are interpreted as the stopping of ridge-borne cracks when the greater crack-front length when the perpendicular wall is reached. This interpretation allows an improvement in a calibration factor for estimating overall honeycomb strength from bend testing of such small bars.
Dissemination of Culture in a Networked World: The Influence of Network Structure on the Outcomes of the Axelrod Cultural Model

This paper investigates the effect of network structure properties on the outcome of a well researched information dissemination mechanism. Using a computer simulation, the impact of network transitivity, centralization and density on both process variables and final outcomes are tested. The key finding of this simulation include a process model where the network structure properties only influence the velocity of convergence, which in itself influences the final outcome of the convergence mechanisms (final number of cultures).
Quantization scheme for JPEG baseline sequential encoding of still images

A quantization scheme for discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in the Joint Photographic Experts Group's (JPEGs) baseline sequential method for image compression is proposed. The DCT coefficients should be quantized to achieve maximum compression without degrading the visual image quality. The scheme is adaptive to the image characteristics and is statistical in nature. The results are evaluated in terms of compression, root-mean-square error, and subjective visual quality, 8-b/pixel monochrome images of size 512 * 512 have been compressed in the range 0.4-1 b/pixel with good to excellent quality. >
Developmental and genetic influences on prefrontal function in adolescents: a longitudinal twin study of WCST performance.

Abstract Adolescence is characterized by a relative immaturity of the prefrontal cortex and associated cognitive control functions, which is hypothesized to be a major contributing factor to high-risk behaviors. However, little is known about the role of genetic and environmental factors in frontal brain development during adolescence. Here we examined heritability of performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), an established neuropsychological measure of prefrontally mediated executive functioning, in a longitudinal sample of adolescent twins ( n = 747) tested at ages 12 and 14. WSCT performance significant improved with age as indicated by a decrease in the number of perseverative errors ( p
The demography of famines : an Indian historical perspective

Demographic considerations are central to an understanding of famine, which is in turn essential for the formulation of an appropriate famine prevention policy. Arup Maharatna uses a wealth of historical material to develop a conceptual framework for examining the relationship between various demographic processes and famines in India during the colonial and post-colonial periods.
On the maximum avoidance of inbreeding

Mating systems in which the least related individuals are mated have been designated by Wright as having maximum avoidance of inbreeding. For such systems the initial rate of decrease in heterozygosity is minimum. However, some other systems have a lower rate of decrease in later generations.Circular mating, in which each individual is mated with the one to his right and to his left, leads to an asymptotic rate of decrease in heterozygosity of 1– λ ˜ π2/(2N + 4)2 compared with 1/4N for maximum avoidance systems. Circular pair mating, in which for example each male progeny is moved one cage to the right, leads to 1– λ ~ π2/(N + 12)2. Other similar systems are discussed.For minimum gene frequency drift, a mating system should have a constant number of progeny per parent and the population should be broken up as rapidly as possible into the maximum number of lines. The gene frequency variance at generation T within a line iswhere N is the number in the line and Ht is the proportion of heterozygotes in generation t. Although the three mating systems, circular, circular pair, and maximum avoidance (and many others) have the same amount of random drift ultimately, at any generation circular mating has the smallest drift variance, VT, and circular pair next smallest.
The "batwing" thyroid gland. A case of thyroid carcinoma.

Tc-99m thyroid scintigraphy in a 12-year-old girl with a left neck mass demonstrated a large cold intrathyroidal nodule that appeared to bisect an enlarged left lobe, giving the gland an unusual and distinctive morphology. Surgical exploration revealed moderately well-differentiated adenocarcinoma of the thyroid with regional lymph node metastases
N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor signaling results in Aurora kinase‐catalyzed CPEB phosphorylation and αCaMKII mRNA polyadenylation at synapses

Activity-dependent local translation of dendritic mRNAs is one process that underlies synaptic plasticity. Here, we demonstrate that several of the factors known to control polyadenylation-induced translation in early vertebrate development [cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein (CPEB), maskin, poly(A) polymerase, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor (CPSF) and Aurora] also reside at synaptic sites of rat hippocampal neurons. The induction of polyadenylation at synapses is mediated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor, which transduces a signal that results in the activation of Aurora kinase. This kinase in turn phosphorylates CPEB, an essential RNA-binding protein, on a critical residue that is necessary for polyadenylation-induced translation. These data demonstrate a remarkable conservation of the regulatory machinery that controls signal-induced mRNA translation, and elucidates an axis connecting the NMDA receptor to localized protein synthesis at synapses.
Statistical Analysis of Cortical Morphometrics Using Pooled Distances Based on Labeled Cortical Distance Maps

Neuropsychiatric disorders have been demonstrated to manifest shape differences in cortical structures. Labeled Cortical Distance Mapping (LCDM) is a powerful tool in quantifying such morphometric differences and characterizes the morphometry of the laminar cortical mantle of cortical structures. Specifically, LCDM data are distances of labeled gray matter (GM) voxels with respect to the gray/white matter cortical surface. Volumes and descriptive measures (such as means and variances for each subject) based on LCDM distances provide descriptive summary information on some of the shape characteristics. However, additional morphometrics are contained in the data and their analysis may provide additional clues to underlying differences in cortical characteristics. To use more of this information, we pool (merge) LCDM distances from subjects in the same group. These pooled distances can help detect morphometric differences between groups, but do not provide information about the locations of such differences in the tissue in question. In this article, we check for the influence of the assumption violations on the analysis of pooled LCDM distances. We demonstrate that the classical parametric tests are robust to the non-normality and within sample dependence of LCDM distances and nonparametric tests are robust to within sample dependence of LCDM distances. We specify the types of alternatives for which the tests are more sensitive. We also show that the pooled LCDM distances provide powerful results for group differences in distribution of LCDM distances. As an illustrative example, we use GM in the ventral medial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), subjects at high risk (HR) of MDD, and healthy subjects. Significant morphometric differences were found in VMPFC due to MDD or being at HR. In particular, the analysis indicated that distances in left and right VMPFCs tend to decrease due to MDD or being at HR, possibly as a result of thinning. The methodology can also be applied to other cortical structures.
Renewable Resource-Based Magnetic Nanocomposites for Removal and Recovery of Phosphorous from Contaminated Waters

Water pollution by P (phosphorous) is a serious water-related issue being faced by mankind during the past two decades. Several technologies already exist to remove P from contaminated water, but each has its own drawbacks. The present paper discusses a novel microwave-assisted synthesis of reduced iron oxide containing renewable-resource-based media for P removal from contaminated waters. It provides a fast, easy, and economical way to produce reduced iron oxide nanocomposites without requiring the need for hydrogen or inert gas during the transformation. A wide range of other metal/ carbon nanocomposites can also be synthesized using this technology and therefore holds tremendous economic promise. The prepared media were highly effective and efficient in removing P. A 100 % P removal efficiency was attained using a 1 mg/L standard P stock solution and a maximum capacity of 43.7 mg P/g of composite was achieved using 500 mg/L standard P stock solution. The present technology is highly economical as the carbon source employed was a renewable resource media with a high regeneration capacity. The present technology may also be used for arsenic removal from similarly contaminated water. The method of preparation of media, treatment methodology, and characterization methods are also discussed.
Kinetic mode switch of rat brain IIA Na channels in Xenopus oocytes excised macropatches

Na currents recorded from inside-out macropatches excised from Xenopus oocytes expressing the α subunit of the rat brain Na channel IIA show at least two distinguishable components in their inactivation time course, with time constants differing about tenfold (τ h1 = approx. 150 μs and τ h2 = approx. 2 ms). In excised patches, the inactivation properties of Na currents changed with time, favoring the faster inactivation kinetics. Analysis of the fast and slow current kinetics shows that only the relative magnitudes of τ h1 and τ h2 components are altered without significant changes in the time constants of activation or inactivation. In addition, voltage dependence of both activation and steady-state inactivation of Na currents are shifted to more negative potentials in patches with predominantly fast inactivation, although reversal potentials and valences remained unaltered. We conclude that the two inactivation modes discerned in this study are conferred by two states of Na channel the interconversion of which are regulated by an as yet unknown mechanism that seems to involve cytosolic factors.
IL-10 Inhibits Inflammation and Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction via Activation of STAT3 and Suppression of HuR

Persistent inflammatory response has adverse effects on left ventricular (LV) function and remodeling following acute myocardial infarction. We hypothesized that suppression of inflammation with interleukin (IL)-10 treatment attenuates LV dysfunction and remodeling after acute myocardial infarction. After the induction of acute myocardial infarction, mice were treated with either saline or recombinant IL-10, and inflammatory response and LV functional and structural remodeling changes were evaluated. IL-10 significantly suppressed infiltration of inflammatory cells and expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the myocardium. These changes were associated with IL-10-mediated inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and repression of the cytokine mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR. IL-10 treatment significantly improved LV functions, reduced infarct size, and attenuated infarct wall thinning. Myocardial infarction-induced increase in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression and activity was associated with increased fibrosis, whereas IL-10 treatment reduced both MMP-9 activity and fibrosis. Small interfering RNA knockdown of HuR mimicked IL-10-mediated reduction in MMP-9 expression and activity in NIH3T3 cells. Moreover, IL-10 treatment significantly increased capillary density in the infarcted myocardium which was associated with enhanced STAT3 phosphorylation. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that IL-10 suppresses inflammatory response and contributes to improved LV function and remodeling by inhibiting fibrosis via suppression of HuR/MMP-9 and by enhancing capillary density through activation of STAT3.
Foreign Language Skills and Academic Library Job Announcements : A Survey and Trends Analysis, 1966-2006

This study examines academic and research librarian positions that require foreign language skills. Technical and public services are most likely to require language knowledge, while administrator and system librarian positions are the least likely. Overall, the requirements show a continued rise until the mid-1980s and a declining trend after this point.
Toward precision neutrino physics with DeepCore and beyond

DeepCore, the fully contained low energy extension to IceCube, extends IceCube's sensitivity for indirect dark matter searches and atmospheric neutrino oscillation physics as well as astrophysical neutrino sources in the southern sky. With the first year of DeepCore data we observe a significant sample of atmospheric neutrino-induced cascades, confirming the scientific potential of this approach. We discuss ideas for PINGU, a further IceCube infill array which aims for an energy threshold of around 1 GeV to support a precision IceCube neutrino physics program. In the longer term, we are exploring the feasibility of a precision neutrino physics program with a multi-megaton, sub-GeV detector in the Antarctic ice cap.
EXCITON TRANSFER OUT OF OPEN PHOTOSYSTEM II REACTION CENTERS

A simple photochemical model of photosystem II consisting of antenna chlorophyll and a reaction center was used to examine the phenomenon of exciton detrapping, i.e. the transfer of excitation energy from open reaction centers back to the antenna. η, the ratio of the probability of detrapping when the reaction centers are all open, Ψt(o) to the probability when the centers are closed, Ψt(x) was used as a variable parameter to examine the various pathways of energy dissipation in a system in which P, the yield of photochemistry, and R, the ratio of the maximum to the minimum yields of fluorescence, were assumed to be known (e.g. R= 4.0 and P= 0.90). It is shown that η must fall within a range of values between 0 and R (1 –P) and that, for given values of R and P, Ψt(o) and the ratio of the rate constant for photochemistry at the reaction center, kp, to the rate constant for energy transfer back to the antenna, kt, can be determined for any assumed value of η. Even though detrapping occurs at open reaction centers, it is the magnitude of the yield of nonradiative decay at closed reaction centers, Ψa(x) which sets the upper limit on η. Equations for the overall yields of fluorescence and nonradiative decay in the antenna chlorophyll and of nonradiative decay at the reaction center chlorophyll, under conditions of both open and closed reaction centers, were derived in conventional probability terms and in terms of R, P and η. As η increases within its range of permissible values, energy dissipation in the antenna decreases and nonradiative decay at the reaction center increases. The determination of a specific value of η or of the ratio kpkt would require additional information such as the value of the maximum yield of fluorescence and the ratio of the rate constants for fluorescence and nonradiative decay in the antenna chlorophyll. The characteristics of a system in which there is no nonradiative decay in the reaction center (i.e. kd= 0), in which case R (1 –P) = 1.0, were also examined. In this case the yield of detrapping has no influence on energy dissipation in the system. Finally, the question of heterogeneity in PSII was considered. It is suggested that Ψd(x) may be greater in PSIIβ than in PSIIα so that the probability of detrapping could be greater in the PSIIα fraction.
Conformational stability, structural parameters, and vibrational frequencies from ab initio calculations on fluoroacetaldehyde

The structures of the cis (the fluorine atom and the aldehydic hydrogen eclipse one another) and trans conformations of fluoroacetaldehyde were calculated at the RHF/3-21G, RHF/6-31G∗ and MP2/6-31G∗ basis set levels. In each case, the cis form was determined to be more stable than the trans conformer and the energy difference was calculated to be 1193, 871 and 591 cm−1 at the RHF/3-21G, RHF/6-31G∗ and MP2/6-31G∗ basis set levels, respectively. Full optimization was also performed at the cis/trans transitional state and the cis to trans barrier was calculated to be 2284, 1992 and 1701 cm−1 at the RHF/3-21G, RHF/6-31G∗ and MP2/6-31G∗ basis set levels, respectively. The structural parameters of both the cis and trans conformations, barriers to internal rotation, conformational stability, and calculated vibrational frequencies are compared with the corresponding quantities of some similar molecules.
In vitro free radical production in rat esophageal mucosa induced by nicotine.

Oxidative stress induced by nicotine was investigated in the esophageal mucosa of rats. The homogenized mucosa was incubated for 30 min with 50, 100, 200, 400, and 800 ng/mg protein/ml nicotine or with 200 ng/mg protein/ml nicotine for 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. Esophageal mucosa was also incubated for 30 min with 200 ng/mg protein/ml nicotine with or without the scavengers superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, SOD + catalase, inactivated SOD, inactivated catalase, or albumin. Incubation with 0.9% NaCl served as control. There was a strong correlation between chemiluminescence and the nicotine dose (r=0.75) or the nicotine incubation time (r=0.77). Thirty-minute incubation of the esophageal mucosa with 200 ng/mg protein/ml nicotine increased chemiluminescence 5.5-fold and lipid peroxidation 3.3-fold. This response was dampened by SOD or catalase and abolished by SOD + catalase. Inactivated enzymes or albumin had no scavenging effect. These results demonstrate that nicotine causes oxidative stress to the esophageal mucosa.
Phospholipid composition of dystrophic chicken erythrocyte plasmalemmae I. Isolation of a unique lipid in dystrophic erythrocyte membranes

Abstract Several structural and functional properties are characterized in nucleated erythrocyte plasmalemmae of age and sex-matched dystrophic (line 413) and normal (line 412) chickens obtained from the University of California at Davis. Plasmalemma purity is assessed through marker enzymes. Significant differences are observed in the phospholipid content between dystrophic and normal chickens. The dystrophic chicken erythrocyte plasmalemma has an increased concentration of phosphatidylserine and a decreased concentration of phosphatidylethanolamine compared with control birds. Also, a measurable and distinct polar lipid, observed only on thin-layer chromatography (TLC) plates spotted with dystrophic preparations, is visualized adjacent to phosphatidylethanolamine. These abnormalities in the dystrophic chicken erythrocyte may signal a general defect in membrane structure for chicken dystrophy.
Isolation and identification of terpene chlorohydrins found in cold-pressed orange oil

Three terpene chlorohydrins found in cold-pressed orange oil were concentrated by silica adsorption chromatography and purified by preparative HPLC. Formation of these chlorohydrins was determined to be the result of a reaction of d-limonene, the major component of cold-pressed oil, with hypochlorous acid, found in chlorinated treatment water used in the oil recovery process. NMR analyses indicated that the major chlorohydrin present was the diequatorially substituted (1R,2R,4R)-2-chloro-8-p-menthen-1-ol (1). The other two compounds were the diaxial trans stereoisomer, (1S,2S,4R)-2-chloro-8-p-menthen-1-ol (2), and the dichlorohydrin, (1R,2R,4R)-2,9-dichloro-8-p-menthen-1-ol (3).
Searching for light dark matter in heavy meson decays

Beauty and charm e+e- factories running at resonance thresholds have unique capabilities for studies of the production of light Dark Matter particles in the decays of B_q (D) meson pairs. We provide a comprehensive study of light Dark Matter production in heavy meson decays with missing energy in the final state, such as B_q (D^0) -> "missing energy" and B_q (D^0) -> \gamma + "missing energy". We argue that such transitions can be studied at the current flavor factories (and future super-flavor factories) by tagging the missing-energy decays with B_q (D^0) decays "on the other side".
On the Prevalence of Room-Temperature Protein Phosphorescence

A large number of proteins were tested for the property of intrinsic phosphorescence in deoxygenated aqueous solution at room temperature. The majority of proteins exhibit phosphorescence under normal solution conditions. Phosphorescence lifetimes from 0.5 millisecond to 2 seconds were observed in three-fourths of the proteins tested. The lifetime appears to correlate with relative isolation of the tryptophan indole side chain from solvent. With few exceptions, proteins in general can be expected to display a phosphorescence lifetime greater than 30 microseconds. This widespread characteristic of proteins has been largely overlooked because long-lived phosphorescence is highly sensitive to quenching by low levels of dissolved oxygen in solution. Protein phosphorescence offers a new time domain and a far wider dynamic range than has been used before for photoluminescence experimentation.
Individual-tree diameter growth model for sugar maple trees in uneven-aged northern hardwood stands under selection system

An individual-tree diameter model was developed for sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) in northern hardwood stands managed under selection system. We fitted long-term remeasurement data to a linear mixed model to account for the temporal autocorrelation of the remeasurements. The model was evaluated using independent data from two physiographic regions and representing a range of tree diameter classes, residual basal areas and years since cut. We compared our model to several individual-tree models based on data from stands with varied management histories. Several competition indices were also tested for an improvement in model fitting and prediction. Our model had lower bias and prediction error when compared to two previous models, as it better accounted for the increased diameter growth that occurred in trees from appropriately managed stands. The addition of a tree-specific competition index failed to improve model fit and predictive ability over stand-level basal area.
The Expatriate Glass Ceiling: The Second Layer of Glass.

The corporate glass ceiling continues to be a challenge for many organizations. However, women executives may be facing a second pane of obstruction – an expatriate glass ceiling – that prevents them from receiving the foreign management assignments and experience that is becoming increasing critical for promotion to upper management. The responsibility to break the expatriate glass ceiling lies with both female managers and the multinational corporations that utilize expatriates. In this paper, we propose pre-assignment, on-assignment, and post-assignment strategies for breaking the expatriate glass ceiling.
The effects of rate control treatment on consonant production accuracy in mild apraxia of speech

Background: A primary feature of acquired apraxia of speech (AOS) is a slow speech rate associated with lengthened sound segments and intersegment durations (McNeil, Robin, & Schmidt, 1997). This disturbance in speech production timing has been the focus of a limited number of treatment studies designed to manipulate rate and/or rhythm of speech production with speakers with mild AOS. Aims: The purpose of this investigation was to study the effects of rate control treatment on sound production accuracy and utterance durations of multisyllabic words, phrases, and sentences in a speaker with mild AOS and aphasia. Methods & Procedures: An individual with mild AOS and aphasia was trained to produce multisyllabic words and phrases using a combination of metronomic rate control and hand tapping. The speaker was trained to produce one syllable per beat of the metronome in conjunction with hand tapping. Feedback was only provided for accuracy of hand tapping and/or syllable production to the beat of the metronome...
Chemical synthesis of a polymerizable bis-substituted phosphoethanolamine

Abstract The first chemical synthesis of a 1,2-bis-substituted polymerizable-sn-glycerol-3-phosphoethanolamine is reported. The synthetic approach utilizes the preparation of 1,2-bis(16-methy 1-2,4-(E,E)-octadecadienoyl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-sn-glycerol via the acylation of 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-sn-glycerol with 16-methyl-2,4-(E,E)-octadecadienoic acid. The deprotection of the 4-methoxybenzyl ether group is accomplished in high yield via Lewis acid catalyzed hydrolysis at −78°C. The final step is the phosphorylation of this 1,2-bis(dienoyl)-sn-glycerol.
Reading between the lines: an examination of systems analysis and design texts

Abstract Systems analysis and design is a key component of most information systems academic programs. One of the primary sources of information provided in such courses is the textbook. The purpose of the study is three-fold: first, to determine on an individual text level, the amount of coverage of various tasks, activities and tools; second, to identify which texts capture the largest percentage of the topics being studied; and lastly, to compare the overall rankings of the tasks, activities and tools to those of educators and practitioners. This paper discusses the results of this content analysis, and their implications for IS educators.
Phase I pharmacokinetic study of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole with carboplatin and cyclophosphamide in the treatment of advanced ovarian cancer

Abstract Purpose: A Phase I study was undertaken to determine the maximum tolerated dose of the hypoxic cell sensitizer etanidazole which could be administered with carboplatin and cyclophosphamide, to determine whether adequate serum levels of etanidazole were achieved to allow for alkylating agent sensitization, and whether pretreatment with etanidazole altered carboplatin pharmacokinetics. Methods and Materials Patients received 2 g/m 2 of intravenous etanidazole followed by a second dose of 4 g/m 2 90 min later, followed by intravenous carboplatin (300 mg/m 2 ) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m 2 ) for four treatment cycles. Patients received an additional two cycles of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide without etanidazole. Results: Two patients who received a total of 24 g/m 2 of etanidazole developed Grade 1 neurotoxicity, and therefore etanidazole doses were not escalated further. The grade of granulocytopenia was worse after cycles with etanidazole than after those without ( p = 0.03), but clinical outcome was not different. Etanidazole levels were adequate for alkylating agent sensitization (> 70 ug/ml) in all patients for the majority of the 7 h of testing. Pharmacokinetic data suggested t12α and t12β for carboplatin were prolonged after pretreatment with etanidazole. Conclusion: Etanidazole, 2 g/m 2 followed by 4 g/m 2 90 min later, is safe and results in adequate serum levels for alkylating agent sensitization. Neurotoxicity appears to prevent dose escalation of etanidazole, and an interaction between etanidazole and carboplatin may have enhanced neurotoxicity in these patients.
Tuning Rate of the Bergman Cyclization of Benzannelated Enediynes with Ortho Substituents

The Bergman cyclization of benzannelated enediynes is highly sensitive to ortho substitution. This finding opens possibilities for the rational design of conformer-specific and pH-dependent DNA-cleaving agents.
Applying face identification to detecting hijacking of airplane

That terrorists hijacked the airplanes and crashed the World Trade Center is disaster to civilization. To avoid the happening of hijack is critical to homeland security. To report the hijacking in time, limit the terrorist to operate the plane if happened and land the plane to the nearest airport could be an efficient way to avoid the misery. Image processing technique in human face recognition or identification could be used for this task. Before the plane take off, the face images of pilots are input into a face identification system installed in the airplane. The camera in front of pilot seat keeps taking the pilot face image during the flight and comparing it with pre-input pilot face images. If a different face is detected, a warning signal is sent to ground automatically. At the same time, the automatic cruise system is started or the plane is controlled by the ground. The terrorists will have no control over the plane. The plane will be landed to a nearest or appropriate airport under the control of the ground or cruise system. This technique could also be used in automobile industry as an image key to avoid car stealth.
Long-term performance of divesting firms and the effect of managerial ownership

We study the long-term performance of firms that divest assets to assess whether gains arise from reducing agency costs. We find that divesting firms underperform control firms before the divestiture and outperform control firms following the divestiture. The poor performance experienced by divesting firms is unrelated to managerial ownership, but the post-divestiture improvement in performance is strongly related to stock ownership by the CEO. The results support the argument that divestitures remove assets that generate negative synergies and that managerial ownership provides strong incentives to improve operations following the divestiture.
Aep3p stabilizes the mitochondrial bicistronic mRNA encoding subunits 6 and 8 of the H+-translocating ATP synthase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Subunits 6 and 8 of the mitochondrial ATPase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are encoded by the mitochondrial genome and translated from bicistronic mRNAs containing both reading frames. The stability of the two major species of ATP8/6 mRNA, which differ in the length of the 5'-untranslated region, depends on the expression of several nuclear-encoded factors. In the present study, the product of the gene designated AEP3 (open reading frame YPL005W) is shown to be required for stabilization and/or processing of both ATP8/6 mRNA species. In an aep3-disruptant strain, the shorter ATP8/6 mRNA was undetectable, and the level of the longer mRNA was reduced to approximately 35% that of wild type. Localization of a hemagglutinin-tagged version of Aep3p showed that the protein is an extrinsic constituent of the mitochondrial inner membrane facing the matrix.
On the natural fluctuation of the economy

Abstract Application of the theory of fluctuations in physicochemical systems to the economic production process shows the existence of natural entropic fluctuations in the economy with a normally distributed subset of small entropic fluctuations. The analysis is based on the fact that production activities are viewed as composed of a large number of chemical reactions. These reactions are irreversible and therefore, necessarily, produce entropy which is a source of fluctuations. These fluctuations are beyond forecast and contribute an unforeseeable random part to the economy as a whole. Specifically, they contribute a random part to the supply function, they effect the stability properties of the economy, they effect the rational expectation models and finally, the normality proof of the subset of small fluctuations is based on the natural laws and not on direct statistical assumptions and hence reduces the statistical assumptions needed for economic and econometric models.
Inhibition of synthesis of vitamin B12 and of riboflavin by 1,2-dichloro-4,5-diaminobenzene in bacterial cultures.

SummaryThe amounts of vit. B12 and of riboflavin which were formed during growth of Bacillus megatherium were decreased by l,2-dichloro-4,5-diaminobenzene when the latter was present in quantities insufficient to inhibit growth. l,2-Dimethyl-4,5-diamino-benzene caused stimulation of the production of vit. B12. These facts have been viewed as being compatible with the previously expressed postulates that the dimethyldiamine is a precursor of riboflavin and of vit. B12, and that the dichloro-analog exerts its selective toxicity, at least in part, by inhibition of biosynthetical processes in the formation of these vitamins.
Cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacotherapy for anxiety: Treatment preferences and credibility among pregnant and non-pregnant women

Background Relatively little is known about women's anxiety-related treatment preferences and no studies have examined potential differences between pregnant versus non-pregnant women. Treatment credibility and willingness are particularly important to understand regarding exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and pharmacotherapy, the leading evidence-based treatments. Methods A large U.S. sample of pregnant (n = 377) and matched non-pregnant (n = 399) women (total N = 776) rated overall treatment preferences and treatment credibility, concerns, and willingness to have CBT and pharmacotherapy if suffering from anxiety. Results Women preferred anxiety-related treatment that included psychotherapy. Preference for psychotherapy alone was stronger among pregnant (74%) than non-pregnant (47%) women, p < .001. In response to treatment descriptions, both groups rated CBT more favorably than pharmacotherapy on treatment willingness, credibility, and concerns, ps < .001, with the magnitude of this preference significantly greater among pregnant than non-pregnant women, ps < .001. Pregnancy status was unrelated to CBT ratings. Treatment credibility and to a lesser extent total concerns mediated the relationship between pregnancy status and pharmacotherapy willingness. Conclusions Non-pregnant and especially pregnant women rated exposure-based CBT for anxiety more favorably than pharmacotherapy. Pregnancy status predicted general treatment preferences and pharmacotherapy, but not CBT, ratings.
Production of somatic embryos from carrot tissues in hormone-free medium

Abstract Carrot “seed” after the germination of their zygotic embryos, contain cells which can develop in aseptic culture into somatic embros in a reliable and predictable manner without the use of exogenously added growth regulators. In the course of further development beyond the cotyledonary stage, somatic embryos form secondary embryos along their axes. If continually subcultured, they do so in a cyclical manner yielding loosely attached aggregates of embryos and plantlets. Subcellular embryogenesis stops and normal plantlets are recoverable if the medium is allowed to become stale. Excised zygotic embryos of carrot in vitro are also able to form somatic embryos in the same way, but only when broken in half, and at a much lower response level. Component(s) of the basal medium responsible for inducing somatic embryogenesis remain to be elucidated, but a lowered sucrose concentration prevents secondary somatic embryogenesis. Cytological and histological examinations show that the somatic embryos are diploid and are most likely derived both from cells of the fruit wall and the endosperm.
The impact of garlic mustard on sandy forest soils

Abstract Garlic mustard ( Alliaria petiolata ), an exotic biennial herb invasive to North American forests, has potential to affect resource availability in invaded soils. Garlic mustard produces a suite of toxic chemicals that impact diversity both above and belowground and thus likely alter ecosystem processes. To examine the effects of garlic mustard on soil biota and ecosystem processes, we sampled soil from invaded and uninvaded stands at a pine plantation on sandy soils in central Illinois. Several of the pine stands were also planted with the N 2 -fixing tree black locust ( Robinia pseudoacacia ). Results indicate that pine soils underlying garlic mustard have higher pH, and exhibit higher rates of N mineralization, relative nitrification and soil respiration compared to soils without garlic mustard. Nitrogen turnover on pine invaded stands is more similar to pine soils with the black locust trees present than to uninvaded pine stands without black locust. Garlic mustard cover was much greater in stands with black locust trees planted, suggesting that garlic mustard may be attracted to high N sites. Catabolic response profiles, which provide a measure of soil microbial function, indicated a shift in substrate use for one of the substrates tested in the presence of garlic mustard. While many of the soil characteristics measured did not differ between invaded and uninvaded stands, the differences with regard to N turnover were striking and will likely have long term effects on soil nutrient status, with potential to feedback to forest health.
The Mitigating Effects of Social and Financial Capital Resources on Hardships

Social and financial capital resources contribute significantly to socioeconomic outcomes. However, insufficient attention has been given to how these resources may mitigate potential socioeconomic setbacks and differ for gender and class groups. In our study, most of the interviewees with hardships had access to social and financial capital resources. The few with insufficient access were working class. Women accessed financial capital resources to overcome hardships more than men, whereas men were more likely to use social capital resources. Access to the resources helped ensure that almost all of the individuals in this study did not suffer the full consequences of their hardships. The hardship itself was of less importance than having access to social and financial capital resources.
A Moderated Nonlinear Factor Model for the Development of Commensurate Measures in Integrative Data Analysis

Integrative data analysis (IDA) is a methodological framework that allows for the fitting of models to data that have been pooled across two or more independent sources. IDA offers many potential advantages including increased statistical power, greater subject heterogeneity, higher observed frequencies of low base-rate behaviors, and longer developmental periods of study. However, a core challenge is the estimation of valid and reliable psychometric scores that are based on potentially different items with different response options drawn from different studies. In Bauer and Hussong (2009) we proposed a method for obtaining scores within an IDA called moderated nonlinear factor analysis (MNLFA). Here we move significantly beyond this work in the development of a general framework for estimating MNLFA models and obtaining scale scores across a variety of settings. We propose a five step procedure and demonstrate this approach using data drawn from n=1972 individuals ranging in age from 11 to 34 years pooled across three independent studies to examine the factor structure of 17 binary items assessing depressive symptomatology. We offer substantive conclusions about the factor structure of depression, use this structure to compute individual-specific scale scores, and make recommendations for the use of these methods in practice.
Polysome disassembly in cell extracts of cricket male accessory gland during sucrose gradient centrifugation

Abstract The stability of polysomes in cell extracts of cricket ( Acheta domesticus ) male accessory gland has been examined by sedimentation through a variety of step and linear sucrose gradients. After prolonged centrifugation there is a considerable decline in polysome content with a concurrent increase in monosomes. The extent of the reduction is more severe in step gradients, although the polysomes that remain show a typical profile on linear gradients. Evidence is presented which indicates that the reduction in polysome content is not due to nuclease action. The presence of detergents can affect the extent of disassembly but is not the principal cause. Comparison of [ 3 H]leucine pulse-labelled gluteraldehyde-fixed and unfixed polysomes subjected to extended centrifugation reveals a release of nascent label near the top of the gradients in unfixed preparations. At least part of this displaced material is present as peptidyl-tRNA, suggesting that forced dissociation of polysomes rather than premature termination of nascent chains occurs as a consequence of sedimentation pressures. Comparison of the distribution of polyadenylic acid (poly(A)) sequences in sucrose gradients following short- and long-term centrifugation shows a shift of poly(A) containing RNA out of the polysome and into the pre-monomer region. It is concluded that sucrose gradient sedimentation results in the disassembly of a portion of the polysome population in the tissue examined. The implications with regard to the study of nonpolysomal messenger ribonucleoprotein and monomeric ribosomes are discussed.