cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetics of microcystless mutants of polysphondylium pallidum

Mutants were selected that are incapable of differentiating microcysts, a resting stage formed in response to high osmotic conditions. In the selection procedure amebae that failed to encyst were removed by flotation in 46% Percoll. Genetic crosses among 15 mutant strains were made by means of the macrocyst sexual cycle. Eleven of the strains mapped to three loci. Mutations at two of these loci (cysA and cysB) produced no observable alteration in the aggregation-fruiting pathway, although one set of strains altered at the cysA locus carried defects at a second unlinked site which blocked aggregation. The single strain that defined the third locus (cysC) is aggregateless. These results confirm the conclusion that there are several genes whose function is essential to microcyst development and is exclusive to this pathway. It remains uncertain whether there are other genes whose action is crucial to both encystment and to aggregation/fruiting.
Evidence of Region I deformation behavior in 7475 Al alloy

Abstract In 7475 Al alloy, strain rate sensitivity decreases as the strain rate is decreased. This is a characteristic of deformation in Region I during high temperature deformation. Grain growth is limited at low strain rates and strains (up to e=1·4) and cannot be invoked as an explanation for the existence of an apparent region I in this alloy at test temperatures of 457°C and below. The existence of a threshold stress due to interactions of dislocations with grain boundaries, particles, ledges and hard intermetallic particles can be considered as a possible explanation for the existence of Region I.
Neutron exposures in human cells: bystander effect and relative biological effectiveness.

Bystander effects have been observed repeatedly in mammalian cells following photon and alpha particle irradiation. However, few studies have been performed to investigate bystander effects arising from neutron irradiation. Here we asked whether neutrons also induce a bystander effect in two normal human lymphoblastoid cell lines. These cells were exposed to fast neutrons produced by targeting a near-monoenergetic 50.5 MeV proton beam at a Be target (17 MeV average neutron energy), and irradiated-cell conditioned media (ICCM) was transferred to unirradiated cells. The cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay was used to quantify genetic damage in radiation-naive cells exposed to ICCM from cultures that received 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3 or 4 Gy neutrons. Cells grown in ICCM from irradiated cells showed no significant increase in the frequencies of micronuclei or nucleoplasmic bridges compared to cells grown in ICCM from sham irradiated cells for either cell line. However, the neutron beam has a photon dose-contamination of 5%, which may modulate a neutron-induced bystander effect. To determine whether these low doses of contaminating photons can induce a bystander effect, cells were irradiated with cobalt-60 at doses equivalent to the percent contamination for each neutron dose. No significant increase in the frequencies of micronuclei or bridges was observed at these doses of photons for either cell line when cultured in ICCM. As expected, high doses of photons induced a clear bystander effect in both cell lines for micronuclei and bridges (p<0.0001). These data indicate that neutrons do not induce a bystander effect in these cells. Finally, neutrons had a relative biological effectiveness of 2.0±0.13 for micronuclei and 5.8±2.9 for bridges compared to cobalt-60. These results may be relevant to radiation therapy with fast neutrons and for regulatory agencies setting standards for neutron radiation protection and safety.
A Study of Telerobotic Surgery and Telementoring in Space Missions

Several nations are actively seeking to achieve human space exploration beyond the Earth's orbit and the need to improve current surgical treatment during spaceflight is critical. Starting with the concept of telemedicine for space flight in the 1970s, terrestrial telesurgery has advanced over the last 30-40 years to telerobotic surgery and telementoring spanning continents, creating the testing ground for medical care in space missions. Telerobotic surgery has been advantageous for not only providing telepresence to surgeons and closing geographical distances but also for minimally invasive surgeries, which are a necessity in weightlessness. Numerous experiments have been conducted by aeronautical space programs resulting in improved techniques for telesurgery in extreme conditions, such as underwater laboratories and zero-gravity models created by parabolic aircraft flights. There are challenges for telesurgery over astronomical distances in overcoming signal latency, the time lapse between moments when the surgeon moves the controls and the robot response. The dependence on camera images for surgical navigation requires advanced visualization techniques to help human controllers familiarize with extreme operative environments. This study provides an analysis of the current research in achieving improved data transfer from space flights and providing possible solutions to improve the quality of telesurgery.
Dominant narratives: Complicity and the need for vigilance in the creative arts therapies

Abstract We live in societies in which we are shaped and positioned by dominant/subjugating narratives including patriarchy, Eurocentricism, heterosexism, capitalism, psychiatry/psychology, and medical science. This paper explores the ways in which our understandings of ourselves and others are fundamentally shaped by such narratives. These narratives shape how creative arts therapists understand concepts such as therapy, health and wellness, and issues of identity such as gender, race, ability, and sexuality. The author contends that it is imperative that creative arts therapists examine all aspects of identity in therapy, not only aspects of the client's identity, but also those of the therapist, and how these aspects of identity impact, structure, and mediate the therapeutic relationship. That is, as therapists we are not above the fray of complex identity formation shaped by dominant/subjugating narratives. The author discusses the need for creative arts therapists to examine how dominant/subjugating narratives are communicated through the art forms that we engage in within the therapeutic process. Also explored are the ways in which creative arts therapists are complicit with these dominant/subjugating narratives through our educational and research practices. Finally, the author discusses the need for constant vigilance against such dominant/subjugating narratives in order to work toward anti-oppressive practice and social justice.
Defining the Origins of the Iliofemoral, Ischiofemoral, and Pubofemoral Ligaments of the Hip Capsuloligamentous Complex Utilizing Computer Navigation

Purpose To use computer navigation software to investigate the specific origins of the hip capsuloligamentous complex.
Temperature regulation of virulence genes in pathogenic bacteria: a general strategy for human pathogens?

Etude de la regulation de l'expression des genes reponsable de la virulence par la temperature chez deux genres de bacteries enteropathogenes, Yersinia et Shigella. Description des modifications phenotypiques et genetiques induites par une augmentation de temperature
Despite failure: The emergence of “new” forest owners in private forest policy in Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Similar to other industrialized countries, the USA has experienced a significant increase in the number of non-industrial private forest (NIPF) owners as well as shifts in the values held by these owners. This study examines the motivations of predominantly new ex-urban forest owners interested in forest management in pursuing collective action through participation in the now out-of-business Sustainable Woods Cooperative (SWC). While common elsewhere, forest landowner cooperatives in the USA are an anomaly. Through a case-study design that depended primarily on semi-structured interviews, it was found that SWC members were motivated to join SWC as it was an attractive alternative to (1) the typical timber sale scenario that often places the forest owner at a disadvantage, and (2) the primary government tax incentive program. SWC represents a shift towards owners playing a greater role in shaping forest practices and markets, which is generally absent in the USA. It also suggests that new ex-urba...
A Comparison of Two-Group Classification Methods

The statistical classification of N individuals into G mutually exclusive groups when the actual group membership is unknown is common in the social and behavioral sciences. The results of such classification methods often have important consequences. Among the most common methods of statistical classification are linear discriminant analysis, quadratic discriminant analysis, and logistic regression. However, recent developments in the statistics literature have brought new and potentially more flexible classification models to the forefront. Although these new models are increasingly being used in the physical sciences and marketing research, they are still relatively little used in the social and behavioral sciences. The purpose of this article is to provide a comparison of these modern methods with the classical methods widely used in situations that are relevant in the social and behavioral sciences. This study uses a large-scale Monte Carlo simulation study for the comparisons, as analytic comparison...
Solipsism, individualism and cognitive science

Abstract ‘Artificial Intelligence cannot ignore philosophy’ (McCarthy 1988) I shall challenge the claim that good old-fashioned artificial intelligence, or GOFAI (Haugeland 1985) is solipsistic while more recent neural or ‘brain-style’ approaches to AI are not (Rumelhart et al. 1986). After distinguishing GOFAI from connectionism, I will first show that GOFAI is not committed to solipsism but rather to what is more properly called individualism. I argue that the feature of GOFAI which entails individualism is shared by connectionism. Individualism is a metaphysical assumption of both types of AI, one which may indeed be pernicious. It is an assumption which must be located and understood.
Integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope interact with lamins and chromosomes, and binding is modulated by mitotic phosphorylation

Lamina-associated polypeptides (LAPs) 1A, 1B, 1C, and 2 are integral membrane proteins of the nuclear envelope associated with the nuclear lamina. Using in vitro assays, we show that LAPs 1A and 1B specifically bind to both lamins A and C and lamin B1, while LAP 2 associates only with lamin B1. LAP 2 also binds to mitotic chromosomes. The LAPs are phosphorylated during mitosis, and phosphorylation of LAP 2 by mitotic cytosol inhibits its binding to both lamin B1 and chromosomes. During late anaphase, LAP 2 associates with chromosomes prior to assembly of most lamins. Together, these data suggest that LAP 2 may have a key role in initial events of nuclear envelope reassembly, and that both LAP 2 and LAP 1 may be involved in attaching lamins to the nuclear envelope.
An Architecture-Centric Approach to Coordination

Empirical studies show that mismatches between design and organizational structures may cause expensive inter-team communication costs. However, prevailing design models and metrics are not designed for identifying independent, globally distributable task assignments, and do not account for organizational structure. Our research objectives are to develop design-centric theories, models, and measures to: (1) minimize the communication needs among developers, and (2) to accurately predict communication needs for performing maintenance tasks. To reach these objectives, we propose to develop design-centric theories and models to identify independent tasks from a design, and to predict coordination requirements from historical change-coupling.
Evidence for carrier-mediated efflux of dopamine from corpus striatum☆

This study was designed to further evaluate the hypothesis that the efflux of cytoplasmic dopamine from nerve endings of the corpus striatum can occur by carrier-mediated facilitated diffusion. Since dopamine (DA) and sodium ions are thought to be cotransported by the neuronal uptake carrier, the change in DA efflux upon alterations induced in the sodium gradient was observed. Ouabain was used to inhibit Na+K+-ATPase and thus increase intracellular sodium concentration, while metabolic inhibitors resulted in the same effect by reducing the amount of ATP available for Na+K+-ATPase. Rats were pretreated with reserpine and incubated with [3H]DA in the presence of pargyline so that the efflux of cytoplasmic [3H]DA could be assessed. Under these conditions, ouabain produced a concentration-related increase in the efflux of [3H]DA from nerve endings of the corpus striatum. The ouabain-induced release of [3H]DA was reduced by 10−M benztropine, a dopamine uptake inhibitor. Benztropine (10−5M) also reduced the increase in release of pHjDA when the same tissue preparation was incubated with the metabolic inhibitors sodium cyanide, iodoacetic acid and dinitrophenol. Ouabain at a concentration which caused slight release of [3H]DA potentiated the efflux produced by 3 × 10−6 M amphetamine, 3 × 10−6M unlabeled DA and 10−4M fenfluramine. These results suggest that release of [3H]DA by sympathomimetic amines may be a carrier-mediated process. The Q10 for 10−4 M ouabain-induced release of [3H]DA was much higher than the Q10 for the above processes and, therefore, the rate-limiting step in ouabain-induced release may involve inactivation of an enzyme such as Na+K+-ATPase which is coupled to the transport of sodium. Thus, by changing the availability of sodium with ouabain or metabolic inhibitors and by changing the cytoplasmic accessibility of the membrane carrier with benztropine or phenethylamines, the efflux of cytoplasmic [3H]da can be altered markedly.
N-Linked Glycosylation Is Required for Nicotinic Receptor Assembly but Not for Subunit Associations with Calnexin

We investigated how asparagine (N)-linked glycosylation affects assembly of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Block of N-linked glycosylation inhibited AChR assembly whereas block of glucose trimming partially blocked assembly at the late stages. Removal of each of seven glycans had a distinct effect on AChR assembly, ranging from no effect to total loss of assembly. Because the chaperone calnexin (CN) associates with N-linked glycans, we examined CN interactions with AChR subunits. CN rapidly associates with 50% or more of newly synthesized AChR subunits, but not with subunits after maturation. Block of N-linked glycosylation or trimming did not alter CN-AChR subunit associations nor did subunit mutations prevent N-linked glycosylation. Additionally, CN associations with subunits lacking N-linked glycans occurred without subunit aggregation or misfolding. Our data indicate that CN associates with AChR subunits without N-linked glycan interactions. Furthermore, CN-subunit associations only occur early in AChR assembly and have no role in events later that require N-linked glycosylation.
Reliability and artifact in automated visual field testing of children

Forty visual field tests (Humphrey and Dicon perimeters) were performed in 10 normal children. Nineteen tests were judged reliable based on reliability indices. Abnormal fields were significantly more common than expected in adults. Age and type of perimeter influenced the amount of artifact seen on automated field tests. Thus, interpreted with caution, automated perimetry can be performed in older children.
Production of nitrogen by secondary ionic processes in the radiolysis of hydrocarbon solutions of nitrous oxide

Abstract An expression is derived to describe the concentration dependence for the production of nitrogen from nitrous oxide solutions in hydrocarbons. This derivation is based on the assumptions that electrons are initially captured by the nitrous oxide to produce one equivalent of nitrogen and that additional nitrogen is then produced as a result of secondary ionic reactions with the nitrous oxide. Given that the secondary reactions involve ionic intermediates, the derived expression is exact and quantitatively takes into account the competition between the secondary reactions of the anions and charge neutralization by the positive-ion partners of their parent electrons. At high nitrous oxide concentrations, three parameters are critical to the evaluation of the predicted yields: Ggi, the yield of geminate ion pairs; αN2O, a constant proportional to the rate constant for electron scavenging by N2O; and β, a constant proportional to the rate constant of the secondary reaction. If αN2O is taken as 10 dm3 mol−1, as indicated by competitive experiments against the methyl halides, then good agreement with experiment is obtained with Ggiap4·2 and sap8 dm3 mol−1. The latter parameter corresponds to a rate constant of 1×1010 dm3 mol−1 for the secondary ionic process. The geminate ion-pair yield indicated (4·2) is ap10 per cent higher than that given by independent electron scavenging studies with alkyl halides (3·8) so that considerable uncertainty as to the degree of applicability of the model exists. Data from N2O concentrations in the region 10−3 to 10−2 mol dm−3 show that if the intermediate is ionic in character it must have a lifetime (or reaction period) in excess of 2×10−8 s.
Peak surface motion due to scattering of a plane harmonic SH wave by a randomly corrugated scatterer

Scattering of a plane harmonic elastic SH wave by a rough elastic inclusion embedded within an elastic half space is investigated for an anti-plane strain model by using a direct boundary integral equation method. The scatterer’s interface is assumed to be of an elliptical shape perturbed in a random fashion. The perturbations are assumed to have either uniform or normal probability distributions. The peak perturbation amplitude is assumed to be arbitrary. Surface displacement spectral amplitude is evaluated for different scatterers, impedance contrasts, angles of incidence, and range of frequencies. Corresponding contour plots are used to identify the frequencies of the peak surface spectral amplitudes for each model. The results clearly demonstrate that the presence of small roughness in the inclusion’s interface may change significantly the peak surface motion frequencies. These changes depend upon the inclusion geometry, the nature of the interface roughness, and the impedance contrast of the materials. For certain frequencies, the presence of the inclusion roughness is important for the surface response and modeling may require detailed description of the corrugated inclusion. Lack of such analysis may result in considerable error in the surface motion amplification estimates.
Anomalous magnetic moment of the muon arising from the extensions of the supersymmetric standard model based on left-right symmetry.

Extensions of the supersymmetric standard model to $\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{{I}_{3}R}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}$ and to $\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{L}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{SU}{(2)}_{R}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\mathrm{U}{(1)}_{B\ensuremath{-}L}$ with Higgs triplets are considered. Calculations of all possible contributions to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon are made and the resulting constraints on the masses of supersymmetric partners are examined in detail.
Nomenclatural Notes on Cassia Linnaeus (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae)

Arguments are developed in favor of changed names for 4 common American cassias; if accepted,C. tagera auct. (vix Linnaeus) becomesC. kunthiana Chamisso & Schlechtendahl ;C. fasciculata Michaux becomes C.chamaecrhta Linnaeus;C. hispidula Vahl becomesC. tetraphylla Martyn; andC. tetraphylla Desvaux becomesC. desvauxii Colladon.
Nonvolumetric assessment of ventricular function by two-dimensional echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease.

Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) was prospectively predicted by nonvolumetric parameters obtained by M-mode and two-dimensional (2DE) echocardiography in 55 patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease. In particular, the mitral E-point to septum separation (EPSS) could predict the angiographic ejection fraction (EF) according to the formula %EF = 74 – 2 (EPSS) with a correlation of 0.81 and a standard error of the estimate (SEE) of 12%. An EPSS of greater than 10 mm predicted ventricular dysfunction with a sensitivity of 0.81 and a specificity of 0.93. A Wall Motion Score (WMS), obtained by summing segmental wall motion assessed as normal = 4, hypokinetic = 3, akinetic = 2, dyskinetic = 1, for each of seven segments and dividing by seven (the number of segments evaluated), also correlated with the angiographic EF (r = .76). An abnormal WMS was found to be less than 3.3 and together with an EPSS greater than 10 mm, these parameters had a sensitivity of 0.90, a specificity of 0.92, and predictive value of 0.90 for ventricular dysfunction, as evidenced by an EF of less than 0.51. We conclude that the EPSS has as great a predictive value for the EF as the more vigorous quantitative volumetric echocardiographic estimates. Together with the WMS, these parameters are of considerable clinical value in detecting ventricular dysfunction.
Photoinduced Electron Transfer at the Core/Shell Interface of Polystyrene-Anthracene-Poly(methacrylic acid) Diblock Copolymer Micelles in Aqueous Media

We have characterized the photophysics and excited-state electron transfer reactions of polymer micelles formed from diblock polystyrene−(anthracene)-block-poly(methacrylic acid). In these studies (anthracene) comprises either a single 1-(2-anthryl)-1-phenylethylene (An) or an average of two vinyl-9,10-diphenylanthracene (vDPA). This architecture is expected to place the chromophores in the interfacial region between the polystyrene core and poly(methacrylic acid) corona. Quenching of the anthryl fluorescence by Tl+ and two viologens (SPV, 4,4‘-bipyridyl-1,1‘-bis(propanesulfonate), and MV2+, methyl viologen) demonstrated that access to these chromophores was limited at all pHs, and the rate of diffusion of the viologens was relatively slow. Similar conclusions were drawn from quenching of the 3An* state and the anion radical SPV•- by O2. We believe this illustrates that the interfacial region of the micelle is not fully deprotonated even at pH 9. It was observed that the fraction of 3An* that was quenched...
Emerging MEMS and nano technologies: Fostering scholarship, STEM learning, discoveries and innovations in microsystems

We report scholarship and learning activities in Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) in areas of micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) and nanotechnology. Microsystems may integrate microelectronics, nano and MEMS technologies and solutions. To enable integrated transformative scholarship and learning, fundamental and applied research is conducted at the state-of-the-art Microsystems Fabrication Facilities. Contributing to research in core areas of critical importance of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM), undergraduate and graduate MEMS and Nanotechnology courses are developed and offered. The MEMS curriculum includes MEMS Design, MEMS Fabrication and MEMS Evaluation courses. The Nanotechnology curriculum comprises an undergraduate Nano Science, Engineering and Technology (NanoSET) course, as well as a graduate Fundamentals of Micro and Nano Engineering course. To meet overall and specific educational goals and objectives, we facilitate course and curriculum developments focusing on active learning, scholarship, effective teaching and pedagogy. These activities advance a STEM knowledge base. Our courses and educational activities positively contribute to STEM transformative developments. In order to enable learning and scholarship, faculty, professionals and students are engaged in discoveries, innovations and knowledge base generation. These attributes are achieved by means of advanced designs, analyses, fabrication and test of various MEMS and microsystems. Methods, concepts, tools and algorithms of computational and applied mathematics are used. Our research, capstone and laboratory projects enable STEM education, advance fundamental findings, facilitate research, support discoveries and enrich training. High-performance microsystems and MEMS are devised, designed, analysed, fabricated and evaluated. We advance technology readiness levels, ensure technology transfer and enable commercialization capacity.
Internal energy distributions of isolated ions after activation by various methods

Abstract A number of activation methods have been compared by approximating internal energy distributions, P(E), of selected activated ions. The ions chosen allow simplifying assumptions to be made concerning the determination of the energy distributions since they fragment by several simple consecutive reactions. Ion abundance data, in combination with known energetics of unimolecular fragmentation, are utilized to estimate the internal energy distributions. Determination of P(E) is therefore not based on a specialized instrument or technique and may be applied to ions which do not have stable neutral counterparts. The data obtained are used to account for several important features of tandem mass spectrometry and to examine and compare different methods of varying ion internal energy. The results show, inter alia, that (i) the general shapes of the energy distributions resulting from collisional activation are relatively insensitive to ion structure; (ii) the average energy of ions activated by collision in the kiloelectron volt or electron volt range of collision energy can be comparable; (iii) in contrast to low energy collisional activation, the distribution of internal energies produced by a kiloelectron volt collision is characterized by a finite probability of depositing very high energies; (iv) the average energy of fragmenting (C2H5)4Si+. ions appears to vary linearly with the collision energy in the 5–28 eV range. As the collision energy increases, the width of the internal energy distribution appears to broaden.
Getting a Ford HEV on the road

A series of prototypes has culminated in an advanced hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) that can be driven and evaluated like any other test car. An Escort station wagon is the basis for the vehicle which is equipped with a 5O kW (68 hp) three-cylinder engine and a 30 kW electric drive coupled to an automatic transmission and to a 7 kWh nickel-cadmium battery. The engine and electric drive are fully integrated and are automatically blended to meet the driver's demands. In general the vehicle runs on the electric drive in slow city traffic, on the engine when cruising at highway speeds, and on both when hard acceleration is required. The electric drive captures regenerative energy to improve the vehicle's overall efficiency. The design of this vehicle and the trade-off issues are discussed. >
Recent Acquisitions of the William Cobbett Collection in the Rutgers University Library

Osborne describes the growing William Cobbett Collection at Rutgers, both original works of Cobbett (176?-1835) and outstanding examples of the literature known as "anti-Cobbett," attacks on Cobbett by his journalistic enemies.
Long term use of intravenous immune globulin in patients with primary immunodeficiency diseases: Inadequacy of current dosage practices and approaches to the problem

Thirty patients with well-defined primary immunodeficiency diseases seen at Duke University Medical Center between April of 1975 and November of 1981 were given modified immune serum globulin suitable for intravenous use (IGIV) for replacement therapy. Seven patients had infantile x-linked agammaglobulinemia (XAγ), three had x-linked immunodeficiency with hyper IgM (HypM), three had Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and 17 had common variable agammaglobulinemia (CVAγ). Twenty-two of the patients received a reduced and alkylated preparation (Gamimune®) over periods of up to five years and 21 have received a beta propriolactone-treated preparation (Intraglobulin®) over a period ranging to 7 months. Fourteen of the Gamimune-treated patients participated in the two-year crossover Phase II efficacy and safety study beginning in April of 1975 and 9 of these participated in the 6-month double-blind crossover study of 10% IGIV in glycine vs 5% IGIV in 10% maltose (Gamimune). Ten of the patients received Gamimune on a monthly basis for more than 5 years, with the other 12 receiving it for lesser periods of time. All patients received an initial loading dose of 200 mg/kg IgG and were maintained on 100 mg/kg/month thereafter. Adverse effects were most frequent with 10% IGIV in glycine and included primarily back and muscle pain, chills, nausea and vomiting; these have been rare with 5% IGIV in 10% maltose (Gamimune). No anaphylactic-type reactions occurred. No patient experienced adverse effects sufficiently severe to necessitate discontinuing a given infusion, and no patient dropped out of the study because of adverse effects. Patients participating in the two-year crossover study were given a choice as to the form of replacement therapy at the conclusion of the study: 10 elected to remain on Gamimune and the other four resumed plasma therapy; no patient elected to resume intramuscular ISG injections. Both intravenous preparations had excellent patient acceptability and have resulted in efficacy at least comparable to that of intramuscular ISG and plasma therapy. Patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome tolerated IGIV with no adverse effects and were cognizant of a reduction in their frequencies of pyogenic infections. A patient with persistent Echovirus meningoencephalitis was given 500 mg IgG/kg/month for 9 months but remained Echovirus positive.
Reexamination of processing time uncertainty

Processing times are difficult to accurately estimate in industries where custom-designed products are dominant. When schedulers are unable to make accurate estimates, what is the effect of estimation errors on the performance of scheduling policies? Processing time uncertainty (PTU) has become a focus of researchers in the production scheduling area. However, previous operational definition of PTU confounds the estimation error with the variation of actual processing time. In order to determine the effect of estimation errors, a thorough reexamination of prior studies becomes necessary. The results from our simulation experiments show that the estimation error has only a trivial effect on the performance of scheduling policies, and imply that the variation of actual processing time has a more important effect than the estimation error of processing time. The results from our simulation experiment have been verified by probabilistic analysis and Little's law.
Introduction to Paper by Ronald L. Arenson, M.D., et al, “The Digital Imaging Workstation”

MANY OF THE ISSUES highlighted in our 1990 manuscript are still true today. But monitors are brighter and more stable and now are offered in flat-panel formats. Workstations are most often PC-based and less expensive. Perhaps the biggest difference is the vast increase in network performance, dramatically reducing the need for prefetching from remote storage and selection of images for downloading to the workstation. The availability of much less expensive random-access storage also has changed the entire concept of archives. One of the most important advances relates to the introduction of Web-based image presentation, providing inexpensive, easy-to-support access to the picture archiving and communications system (PACS) outside of the main department and its dedicated workstations. The implementation of Integrating the Healthcare Enterprise (IHE) by numerous vendors will accelerate the full integration and utilization of PACS in the medical center–wide enterprise.
Planetary, solar and astrophysical relativistic electrons: Common energization mechanisms?

Abstract Direct observations or deduced analysis indicate clearly that formation of intense fluxes of relativistic electrons is an important ingredient in the evolution of numerous active magnetized plasma systems. Examples of relativistic electron energization include the recovery phase of a planetary magnetic storm, post solar flare coronal activity and the afterglow of gamma ray bursts. It is suggested that there exists a universal mechanism, which may explain electron energization at the vastly different magnetized plasma environments. The favorite configuration consists of an inhomogeneous magnetic field anchored at a given magnetic structure and excitation of whistler waves due to external injection of low-energy non-isotropic electrons. The energization proceeds as a bootstrap process due to interaction with the propagating whistler waves along the inhomogeneous magnetic field.
In vivo three-dimensional surface geometry of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a local, progressive dilation of the distal aorta that risks rupture until treated. Using the law of Laplace, in vivo assessment of AAA surface geometry could identify regions of high wall tensions as well as provide critical dimensional and shape data for customized endoluminal stent grafts. In this study, six patients with AAA underwent spiral computed tomography imaging and the inner wall of each AAA was identified, digitized, and reconstructed. A biquadric surface patch technique was used to compute the local principal curvatures, which required no assumptions regarding axisymmetry or other shape characteristics of the AAA surface. The spatial distribution of AAA principal curvatures demonstrated substantial axial asymmetry, and included adjacent elliptical and hyperbolic regions. To determine how much the curvature spatial distributions were dependent on tortuosity versus bulging, the effects of AAA tortuosity were removed from the three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions by aligning the centroids of each digitized contour to the z axis. The spatial distribution of principal curvatures of the modified 3D reconstructions were found to be largely axisymmetric, suggesting that much of the surface geometric asymmetry is due to AAA bending. On average, AAA surface area increased by 56% and abdominal aortic length increased by 27% over those for the normal aorta. Our results indicate that AAA surface geometry is highly complex and cannot be simulated by simple axisymmetric models, and suggests an equally complex wall stress distribution. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Modulation of water activity on fungicide effect on Aspergillus niger growth in Sabouraud dextrose agar medium

Aims: To examine whether water activity (aw) in combination with low concentration of fungicides can be used to effectively control Aspergillus niger van Tieghem growth in cultural medium, the Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA). The data would be used as baseline information for reducing A. niger contamination in insect artificial diets. Methods and Results: Aspergillus niger was isolated from an insect artificial diet. Four concentration levels (i.e. 0, 1, 10 and 20 μmol) of two fungicides (i.e. amphotericin B and itraconazole) were tested against A. niger under four aw levels (i.e. 0·994, 0·961, 0·921 and 0·859) adjusted by including 0, 12·5, 25 and 38% of glycerol in the medium mixture. Aspergillus niger growth was significantly reduced at low fungicide concentration (1 μmol), and at reduced aw. The spore germination was prevented with either higher fungicide concentration (>10 μmol), or low aw in the medium (aw < 0·921). The two ecological determinants (fungicides and aw) showed a significant impact on A. niger survival in the medium (P < 0·0001). Itraconazole is more effective than amphotericin B in controlling A. niger contamination in the agar medium. Conclusion: Adjustment of aw (with 12·5% of glycerol) in combination with 1 μmol of itraconazole can effectively prevent A. niger growth in the SDA cultural medium. Significance and Impact of the Study: Aspergillus niger contaminations have frequently affected the quality of insects produced from mass rearing facilities. Low aw in combination with low fungicide concentration has the potential to become one of the most cost-effective management strategies to prevent A. niger contamination in insect artificial diets. The effect of fungicides and low aw in artificial diets on insect biology needs to be further examined.
Population-based estimates of the prevalence of family history of cancer among women.

Objective: Family history of cancer is recognized as one of the most important risk factors in predicting personal cancer risk. Nevertheless, there are few published population-base
Magnetic Ceramics: V, Magnetic Properties of Square Loop Ferrites Within the System MgO‐MnO‐Fe2O3

Thirteen compositions within the center of the system MgO-MnO-Fe2O3 were investigated because of their rectangular hysteresis-loop characteristic. Initial permeabilities were measured, and Bm, BT, Hc, and R8m were obtained from quasi-static hysteresis loops. High MgO content was found to be detrimental to the magnetic properties and to impair the loop rectangularity. The highest hysteresis-loop squareness ratio, R, 8m, was found in a composition with high Fe2O3 content, and the lowest coercive force, Hc, was found in a composition with high MnO content.
Evaluation of Dispersion Stability

Abstract The objective of this study is to develop a new approach for identifying stable versus unstable colloidal suspensions. The new method, referred to as variable sedimentation mode (VSM) analysis, examines the sedimentation behavior of particles in gravitational and centrifugal fields. Systems whose particle size distributions are independent of the sedimentation mode employed are deemed stable while those whose particle size distributions vary according to sedimentation mode are considered unstable. For an aqueous titania dispersion, a discontinuity in the breadth of the particle size distribution is observed as the pH approaches the isoelectric point. This discontinuity defines the pH region of colloidal instability. In contrast, systems such as aqueous sodium hexametaphosphate-stabilized titania dispersions, which display no isoelectric point, exhibit no discontinuity.
Simulating sequences of the human genome with rare variants.

Objective: Simulated samples have been widely used in the development of efficient statistical methods identifying genetic variants that predispose to human genetic diseases. Although it is well known that natural selection has a strong influence on the number and diversity of rare genetic variations in human populations, existing simulation methods are limited in their ability to simulate multi-locus selection models with realistic distributions of the random fitness effects of newly arising mutants. Methods: We developed a computer program to simulate large populations of gene sequences using a forward-time simulation approach. This program is capable of simulating several multi-locus fitness schemes with arbitrary diploid single-locus selection models with random or locus-specific fitness effects. Arbitrary quantitative trait or disease models can be applied to the simulated populations from which individual- or family-based samples can be drawn and analyzed. Results: Using realistic demographic and natural selection models estimated from empirical sequence data, datasets simulated using our method differ significantly in the number and diversity of rare variants from datasets simulated using existing methods that ignore natural selection. Our program thus provides a useful tool to simulate datasets with realistic distributions of rare genetic variants for the study of genetic diseases caused by such variants.
Apolipoprotein-E ɛ4 Allele Frequency and Conferred Risk for Cuban Americans With Alzheimer's Disease

The authors compared Apo-E ɛ4 frequencies for Cuban American and white non-Hispanic persons with and without Alzheimer's disease (AD). The Apo-E ɛ4 allele conferred as large a risk for AD in Cuban Americans as for white non-Hispanics, a finding that differs from those for Hispanic subjects as a whole.
Using theory-based constructs to explore the impact of Greek membership on alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors: a systematic literature review

By charter, national Greek organizations (ie, fraternities and sororities) place an emphasis on upholding personal integrity, academic scholarship, and development of campus leaders. Recent concerns, however, assert that the drinking behaviors of members of Greek organizations are antithetical to the mission of their universities. Objective: The author's purpose in this review was to systematically examine scientific literature addressing the effect of Greek affiliation on alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors. The internal and external influences affecting Greek members' alcohol-related beliefs and behaviors are organized into a frame-work of various health behavior theories, based on the ecological perspective's levels of influence. Results: Results provide a broad perspective into the individual characteristics, social peer network, and environmental aspects influencing alcohol-related behavior among Greek members. Findings suggest that Greek members comprise a subgroup that consumes alcohol in greater...
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Lysosomal Release in Response to Propionibacterium acne in Vitro and its Enhancement by Sera from Inflammatory Acne Patients

Propionibacteriunt acnes cells were tested for the ability to trigger lysosomal hydrolase release from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Representative strains of P. acnes serotype I and II failed to stimulate lysosomal release in the absence of serum. P. acnes growth culture supernatants failed to trigger release under any test condition. Addition of fresh or heat-inactivated human serum resulted in lysosomal hydrolase release directly proportional to the number of P. acnes /PMN. Pooled sera from acne patients, with a high anti- P. acnes titer stimulated release to P. acnes . Preabsorption of this reagent with P. acnes cells reduced the anti- P. acnes titer and produced 93.37 ± 11.49% inhibition of lysosomal enzyme release compared to unabsorbed anti-serum. Electron microscopy indicated that P. acnes was readily phagocytosed by PMNs when fresh or heated serum was present.
Theory of impurity band resonance in Heisenberg magnets at T = 0

Abstract An effective Hamiltonian is introduced to study the q = 0 magnetic response, at T = 0, of a Heisenberg magnet with a low concentration of impurities, at frequencies near that of the local mode, ω 1 . As in the experimental system FeF 2 :Mn, ω 1 is just below the host magnon band.
Liquid chromatographic determination of indapamide in the presence of its degradation products

Indapamide is the first of the new class of antihypertensive/diuretics, the indolines. It is indicated in the treatment of hypertension alone or in combination with other antihypertensives. It is also prescribed in the treatment of salt and fluid retention associated with congestive heart failure [l]. Indapamide is currently being marketed only in a tablet dosage form, but has the potential for other dosage forms like liquids, semisolids, etc. For the development of indapamide in liquid/semisolid dosage forms, it is imperative that the parameters involved in its degradation are well understood. In order to study this, one requires a suitable stability-indicating method of analysis; i.e. a method capable of detecting the pure drug in the presence of its degradation products. Three methods of analysis for indapamide are reported in the literature 12-41. One of these methods is a fluorometric analysis which involves heating indapamide with alkali at 100°C for 1 h, treatment with formaldehyde and measuring the flourescence [2]. The other two methods involve the use of reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP-LC). Of the two RP-LC methods one uses a FBondapak C-18 column and methanol-water-acetic acidethansulphonic acid sodium salt as mobile phase [3], and the other uses a Lichrosorb C-18 column with acetonitrile-sodium acetate buffer pH 3.6 as mobile phase [4]. None of the methods are reported to be stability-indicating, and the sample preparation for all these methods is laborious and time consuming. Therefore, there was a need to develop a rapid and simple stability-indicating method of analysis for indapamide to study its solution stability.
Effect of Heavy Metals on Bacterial Attachment in Soils

AbstractThe presence of both heavy metals and bacteria is frequently reported in urban storm water runoff. Adsorption and complexation of metals onto bacteria and soil takes place as storm water runoff infiltrates into the subsurface, potentially changing both bacterial and mineral surfaces, and altering the attachment of bacteria onto soil surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses were performed on soil samples equilibrated with synthetic storm water amended with copper, lead, and zinc to determine changes in the elemental content of soil. Sets of batch sorption experiments of Escherichia coli onto soil were conducted under different conditions by varying solution composition and soil exposure history. E. coli attachment increases in synthetic storm water with elevated heavy metals concentrations (Kd=0.0229 mL/mg) as opposed to nutrient buffer (Kd=0.0100 mL/mg) for the same untreated soil. For E. coli both suspended in nutrient buffer, Kd is higher when eq...
Religious Belief and the Self-Concept: Evaluating the Implications for Psychological Adjustment:

It was proposed that (a) religious belief has implications for properties of the self-concept and that (b) the relationship between religious belief and psychological adjustment can be understood in self-theoretical terms. In two studies ( Ns = 145, 52) religious belief strength was associated with more positive and certain self-conceptions, and the influence of religiousness on the self-concept was evident in multiple self-knowledge domains. The results also demonstrated that self-concept positivity partially mediated the relationship between religious belief and psychological adjustment. In addition, self-concept and coping models of the association of religiousness and adjustment were compared. The results indicated that religious belief had a small, positive indirect effect on adjustment through self-concept positivity and a larger but negative indirect effect through a measure of God-related control attributions. Theoretical links between religious belief and the self-concept are discussed.
Outflow calibration for vertically distorted models of thermally stratified reservoirs

This paper describes a calibration approach to relate outflow temperature to rate of outflow release from a large, vertically distorted hydraulic model designed to simulate selective withdrawal of colder water from a thermally stratified reservoir. The calibration relationship resulting from the approach is of use for other vertically distorted hydraulic models of stratified flows, especially when such models involve markedly three-dimensional flows that have large-scale turbulence structures. The approach entails accounting, at least approximately, for the influences of flow vorticity on mixing, and it leads to a new similitude consideration and relatively simple relationship for estimating an outflow calibration factor. The calibration approach was supported by tests conducted with undistorted and vertically distorted scale-model replications of a reservoir intake structure and its surrounding bathymetry. This paper also describes the modifications that would enable the intake to release colder water fr...