cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Survey of Image Processing Applications in Industry

Although computers have been used to process images for more than 25 years, it is only recently that we are able to find any significant number of image processing applications appearing in industry. The reason for this is the strict economic test that any image processing application must pass before industry is willing to accept it: there must be a clear, demonstratable economic benefit over alternative methods. The benefit may be direct, such as a reduction in production costs, or it may be indirect, such as a less hazardous or physically less strenuous work environment. Until recently not many industrial applications of image processing were able to pass such economic scrutiny.
The effect of plasticity on dynamic crack growth across an interface

The effect of plasticity on the growth of a crack originating in an elastic solid across an interface and into an elastic-viscoplastic solid is analyzed numerically. The analyses are carried out within a framework where the continuum is characterized by two constitutive relations; one relating the stress and strain in the bulk material and the other relating the traction and separation across a specified set of cohesive surfaces. Crack initiation, crack growth and crack arrest arise naturally as a consequence of the imposed loading, without a priori assumptions concerning criteria for crack growth and for crack path selection. Full transient analyses are carried out. Various values of initial flow strength and cohesive strength of the elastic-viscoplastic solid and of cohesive strength of the interface are considered. With the ratio of cohesive strength of the elastic-viscoplastic solid to cohesive strength of the interface fixed, increasing the ratio of cohesive strength to initial flow strength for the elastic-viscoplastic solid is found to promote crack deflection into the interface.
The Kapitza Thermal Boundary Resistance Between Two Solids

While investigating the transport of heat in superfluid He, Kapitza (1941) observed a large temperature difference AT between his copper heater and the liquid helium. He deduced that the entire AT occurred very close to the copper-helium interface. It is permissible therefore to define a thermal boundary resistance RK ≡ AT/Q, where Q is the heat flux per unit area of interface. Rk, now called the Kapitza resistance, has been shown to have a temperature dependence of ≈ T-3.
Covariance Structure Models

The covariance structure model overcomes certain weaknesses of both factor analysis and structural equation models by merging them into a single model that simultaneously estimates latent variables from observed variables and the structural relations among the latent variables.
Enhanced Light Trapping in Thin Silicon Solar Cells using Effectively Transparent Contacts (ETCs)

We report on the light trapping properties of densely spaced microscale triangular cross-section effectively transparent contacts (ETCs). Optical simulations of thin silicon with closely spaced ETCs were performed and the absorption within the silicon was determined. We found that with a metal coverage of 62.5% the short circuit current density would only be decreased by 0.25%. Such low value of parasitic reflection and transmission is obtained due to the excellent reflection properties of silver microstructures. In the interval 700 nm-ll00 nm the short circuit current density is even enhanced by around 1 mA/cm2 compared to a structure without any metal contact. This results from nearly loss free in-coupling in combination with internal reflection at the bottom of the metal lines which increases the path length of light. These results are particularly interesting for 4-terminal silicon tandem devices as the bottom cell only receives the spectrum between around 850 nm and 1100 nm.
Serum ropivacaine levels after local infiltration analgesia during total knee arthroplasty with and without adductor canal block.

Background and objectives A common analgesic technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is to inject local anesthetic into the periarticular tissue during surgery, known as local infiltration analgesia (LIA). Since the solution used typically contains a large amount of local anesthetic, concerns arise about exceeding the maximum dosage when adding a peripheral nerve block. Little research exists that addresses serum ropivacaine concentrations following LIA combined with peripheral nerve block. We hypothesized that after combining LIA and adductor canal blockade (ACB), serum ropivacaine concentrations would remain below levels associated with local anesthetic toxicity. Methods This was a prospective observational study that included 14 subjects undergoing TKA with intraoperative LIA containing 270 mg ropivacaine with epinephrine. Patients weighing less than 80 kg were excluded due to standardized dosing by our pharmacy. Seven patients were assigned consecutively to receive LIA alone (Group LIA) and seven were assigned to receive LIA plus ACB with 100 mg ropivacaine with epinephrine (Group LIA+ACB). Venous serum ropivacaine concentrations were measured over 24 hours. Results Peak serum concentrations (Cmax) in Group LIA ranged from 0.23 to 0.75 µg/mL and occurred at times from 4 to 24 hours. Cmax in Group LIA+ACB ranged from 0.46 to 1.00 µg/mL and occurred at times from 4 to 8 hours. No participants demonstrated signs or symptoms of local anesthetic toxicity. Conclusions Total serum concentration of ropivacaine after LIA using 270 mg ropivacaine with and without an additional 100 mg perineural ropivacaine remained well below the toxicity threshold of 3.0 µg/mL at all time points. Additional studies are needed to ascertain the safety of combining LIA with peripheral nerve blockade.
Thermal-gradient-driven elemental segregation in Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change memory cells

Thermal gradients have been predicted to play a large role in compositional segregation leading to failure in phase change memories. We have developed a methodology for isolating thermal-gradient driven segregation effects without interference from the electric field. In Ge2Sb2Te5 functional layers, Sb and Te move along the temperature gradient, while Ge segregates in the opposite direction. The direction of segregation is consistent for devices that were repeatedly melted, as well as for devices that were never melted and remained in the polycrystalline state. The results have implications for the reliability of phase change memories.
Prosecutor v. Taylor : The Implications for Bashar Al-Assad

Charles Taylor was the first sitting head of state to be indicted, tried, and convicted by an international criminal tribunal, the Special Court for Sierra Leone. This comment explores the procedural and structural similarities between the Special Court for Sierra Leone and the International Criminal Court. This comment then compares the evidence used to convict Charles Taylor and the evidence currently available about possible war crimes and crimes against humanity ongoing in Syria. Finally, this comment argues that Bashar al-Assad should be tried before the International Criminal Court, and that the Taylor case can be used as a template, due to the similarities between the courts and the evidence in each
Fracture-mediated deep seawater flow and mantle hydration on oceanic transform faults

Abstract Fluid-rock interaction on oceanic transform faults (OTFs) is important for both the deformation behavior of the lithosphere and volatile cycling in the Earth. Rocks deformed and exhumed at OTFs preserve information about the depth extent of fluid percolation and the nature of fluid-rock interactions within these fault zones. In this study, we focus on five dredges from the Shaka and Prince Edward OTFs on the ultraslow spreading Southwest Indian Ridge that recovered significant volumes of deformed mantle rocks. Samples are predominantly mylonites that have been deformed to high strains in the fault zone, but also contain several generations of fractures. Based on the mineral assemblages in fractures and shear bands combined with thermobarometry analysis, we identified three distinct temperature ranges of fluid-mantle interactions associated with deformation. At low temperature (LT), this leads to crystallization of serpentine (± talc ± amphibole ± chlorite) at
Validation of combined analytical methods to predict slip in cylindrical roller bearings

Abstract This paper presents a combination of models that together calculate the cage and roller speeds of a cylindrical roller bearing. The models consider elastohydrodynamic lubrication and contact elasticity between the roller and raceway, roller centrifugal forces, hydrodynamic lubrication at the cage pocket, and frictional forces. Using these models, the predicted cage and roller speeds and the extent of slip are compared to measurements acquired on cylindrical roller bearings in a commercial gearbox in steady-state and transient operating conditions of a wind turbine. In steady-state conditions at low wind speeds and low lubricant temperatures, cage and roller slip up to 60% occur in the loaded zone of the bearing. In the unloaded zone, up to 80% roller slip occurs. Cage and roller slip then decrease as the lubricant temperature and wind speed increases. In general, the analytical model results match experimental measurements within 10% for lubricant temperatures above 40 ° C and wind speeds over 10 meters per second. The analytical model is further evaluated during a transient start-up event and highly dynamic emergency stop event and also used to examine changes in the bearing design or lubricant properties. Roller and cage slip in cylindrical bearings is a combined effect of the bearing design, applied load, shaft speed, and lubricant properties and temperature, and can be quickly evaluated with the combined analytical models.
Evolution of the liver biopsy and its future

Liver biopsies are commonly used to evaluate a wide variety of medical disorders, including neoplasms and post-transplant complications. However, its use is being impacted by improved clinical diagnosis of disorders, and non-invasive methods for evaluating liver tissue and as a result the indications of a liver biopsy have undergone major changes in the last decade. The evolution of highly effective treatments for some of the common indications for liver biopsy in the last decade (e.g., viral hepatitis B and C) has led to a decline in the number of liver biopsies in recent years. At the same time, the emergence of better technologies for histologic evaluation, tissue content analysis and genomics are among the many new and exciting developments in the field that hold great promise for the future and are going to shape the indications for a liver biopsy in the future. Recent advances in slide scanners now allow creation of "digital/virtual" slides that have image of the entire tissue section present in a slide [whole slide imaging (WSI)]. WSI can now be done very rapidly and at very high resolution, allowing its use in routine clinical practice. In addition, a variety of technologies have been developed in recent years that use different light sources and/or microscopes allowing visualization of tissues in a completely different way. One such technique that is applicable to liver specimens combines multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with advanced clearing and fluorescent stains known as Clearing Histology with MultiPhoton Microscopy (CHiMP). Although it has not yet been extensively validated, the technique has the potential to decrease inefficiency, reduce artifacts, and increase data while being readily integrable into clinical workflows. Another technology that can provide rapid and in-depth characterization of thousands of molecules in a tissue sample, including liver tissues, is matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. MALDI has already been applied in a clinical research setting with promising diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, as well as being able to elucidate mechanisms of liver diseases that may be targeted for the development of new therapies. The logical next step in huge data sets obtained from such advanced analysis of liver tissues is the application of machine learning (ML) algorithms and application of artificial intelligence (AI), for automated generation of diagnoses and prognoses. This review discusses the evolving role of liver biopsies in clinical practice over the decades, and describes newer technologies that are likely to have a significant impact on how they will be used in the future.
Post-1978 tumescence at Long Valley Caldera, California: A geophysical perspective

Abstract Long Valley Caldera has been restless since at least 1978. Prominent symptoms of this unrest include earthquake swarms and tumescence (inflation) centered on the resurgent dome. Over the years, interpretations of physical processes underlying this unrest have varied considerably. Results from a collection of geophysical studies infer the presence and/or active intrusion of magma in the crust. Geologic evidence, however, does not support recent magmatic activity in the caldera, leading to an interpretation that the caldera volcanic system is moribund, and the current unrest is a result of second boiling (aqueous fluids released during crystallization of the rhyolitic magma that produced the Bishop Tuff). Here, we examine the collective constraints provided by geophysical studies over the past four decades. Although the current geophysical evidence does not conclusively discriminate between unrest driven by recent crustal magmatic intrusion versus second boiling, it does provide evidence that a large volume of partial melt persists within the mid- and lower crust. This implies that the Long Valley Caldera system as a whole is long-lived, and the magma reservoir remains at least partially molten. In the shallow crust, the possibility of small pockets of magma remains. In aggregate, the data suggest commonality with other large, long-lived silicic caldera systems, such as Yellowstone and Campi Flegrei. Although the possibility of eruption within Long Valley Caldera remains unlikely, the geophysical evidence argues that Long Valley has an active magmatic system at depth and we must retain the possibility of eruptive hazards.
Anatomy and Physiology of the Aging Human Brain

Acceptance of cultural myth, whether it involves sexism, racism, or ageism has a stifling effect on human potential. Almost no aspect of ageism is as pernicious as thinking of the old as intellectually dulled or equating the senium with senility. Consider the experience of one of the great theoretical physicists of the 20th century.
Surveillance of schistosomiasis in Hubei Province in 2014

Objective To analyze the surveillance results of schistosomiasis and understand the transmission situation in Hubei Province in 2014. Methods According to the Scheme of Schistosomiasis Surveillance in Hubei Province (the 2009 edition), 207 endemic sites were selected, where the schistosome infections of residents and livestock, and the distribution of Oncomelania hupensis snails were investigated. Results In the 207 sites, there were 27 sites without positive results of the blood tests and 129 sites without positive results of the stool tests. The infection rates of residents and cattle were 0.17% and 0, respectively. The density of living snails was 0.339 3 snails/0.1m2, the rate of living snails was 10.12%, and the infection rate of snails was 0. The infection rate of residents in the inner embankment type was 0.22%, higher than the rates in the other types. In different age groups, the infection rate in the 50-59 years age group was higher than the rates in other age groups. The infection rates of residents in farmer and fisherman were higher than those in the other occupation groups. The infection rate of floating people was 0, and no acute schistosomiasis patients were found. Conclusions The endemic situation of schistosomiasis has decreased obviously in Hubei Province, and the whole province has achieved the criteria for transmission control of schistosomiasis.
Characterizing the cellular architecture of dynamically remodeling vascular tissue using 3-D image analysis and virtual reconstruction

The dynamic remodeling of epithelial tubes is examined in vivo using a novel model system, the extracorporeal vasculature of Botryllus schlosseri, with 3-D image analysis. Cells within the vascular...
Delta-secretase cleavage of Tau mediates its pathology and propagation in Alzheimer’s disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with age as a major risk factor. AD is the most common dementia with abnormal structures, including extracellular senile plaques and intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, as key neuropathologic hallmarks. The early feature of AD pathology is degeneration of the locus coeruleus (LC), which is the main source of norepinephrine (NE) supplying various cortical and subcortical areas that are affected in AD. The spread of Tau deposits is first initiated in the LC and is transported in a stepwise manner from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampus and then to associative regions of the neocortex as the disease progresses. Most recently, we reported that the NE metabolite DOPEGAL activates delta-secretase (AEP, asparagine endopeptidase) and triggers pathological Tau aggregation in the LC, providing molecular insight into why LC neurons are selectively vulnerable to developing early Tau pathology and degenerating later in the disease and how δ-secretase mediates the spread of Tau pathology to the rest of the brain. This review summarizes our current understanding of the crucial role of δ-secretase in driving and spreading AD pathologies by cleaving multiple critical players, including APP and Tau, supporting that blockade of δ-secretase may provide an innovative disease-modifying therapeutic strategy for treating AD.
Analog error correcting codes for defect tolerant matrix multiplication in crossbars

Despite great promises shown in the laboratory environment, memristor crossbar, or non-volatile resistive analog memory, based matrix multiplication accelerators suffer from unexpected computing errors, limiting opportunities to replace main-stream digital systems. While many previously demonstrated applications, such as neural networks, are tolerant of small errors, they are challenged by any significant outliers, which must be detected and corrected. Herein, we experimentally demonstrate an analog Error Correcting Code (ECC) scheme that considerably reduces the chance of substantial errors, by detecting and correcting errors with minimum hardware overhead. Different from well-known digital ECC in communication and memory, this analog version can tolerate small errors while detecting and correcting those over a predefined threshold. With this scheme, we can recover the MNIST handwritten digit classification accuracy experimentally from 90.31% to 96.21% in the event an array builds up shorted devices and from 73.12% to 97.36% when current noise is injected. For applications where high reliability and compute precision are demanded, such as in high-performance and scientific computing, we expect the schemes shown here to make analog computing more feasible.
No Justification for a “Symbol of Counterrevolution”: Toward an Intersectional Reading of the Confederate Flag

This article uses the cultural theorist Stuart Hall’s work to examine how one group of white leftists, the Young Patriot Organization (YPO) and their splinter organization the Patriot Party, attemp...
NF-κB blockade with oral administration of dimethylaminoparthenolide, delays prostate cancer resistance to androgen receptor inhibition and inhibits AR variants

NF-κB activation has been linked to prostate cancer progression and is commonly observed in castrate-resistant disease. It has been suggested that NF-κB–driven resistance to androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) in prostate cancer cells may be mediated by aberrant androgen receptor (AR) activation and AR splice variant production. Preventing resistance to ADT may therefore be achieved by using NF-κB inhibitors. However, low oral bioavailability and high toxicity of NF-κB inhibitors is a major challenge for clinical translation. Dimethylaminoparthenolide (DMAPT) is an oral NF-κB inhibitor in clinical development and has already shown favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodyanamic data in patients with heme malignancies, including decrease of NF-κB in circulating leuchemic blasts. Here, we report that activation of NF-κB/p65 by castration in mouse and human prostate cancer models resulted in a significant increase in AR variant-7 (AR-V7) expression and modest upregulation of AR. In vivo castration of VCaP-CR tumors resulted in significant upregulation of phosphorylated-p65 and AR-V7, which was attenuated by combination with DMAPT and DMAPT increased the efficacy of AR inhibition. We further demonstrate that the effects of DMAPT-sensitizing prostate cancer cells to castration were dependent on the ability of DMAPT to inhibit phosphorylated-p65 function. Implications: Our study shows that DMAPT, an oral NF-κB inhibitor in clinical development, inhibits phosphorylated-p65 upregulation of AR-V7 and delays prostate cancer castration resistance. This provides rationale for the development of DMAPT as a novel therapeutic strategy to increase durable response in patients receiving AR-targeted therapy.
Closing the Gap: Evaluation of Gender Disparities in Urology Resident Operative Autonomy and Performance.

OBJECTIVE Gender disparities have demonstrated influence on several areas of medical trainee academic performance and surgeon professional attainment. The impact of gender on perceived operative autonomy and performance of urology residents is not well understood. This single-institution pilot study explores this relationship by evaluating urology faculty and resident assessment of resident operative autonomy and performance using the Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning app. DESIGN Using Society for Improving Medical Professional Learning, trainees in a single urology residency program were assessed in operative cases on three scales (autonomy, performance, and case complexity). Intraoperative assessments were completed by both faculty and residents (self-evaluation). Respective evaluations were compared to explore differences in ratings by gender. SETTING University of Michigan Health, Ann Arbor, MI. PARTICIPANTS University of Michigan Urology Residents and Faculty. RESULTS A total of 516 evaluations were submitted from 18 urology residents and 20 urology faculty. Self-reported ratings among female and male residents did not differ significantly for autonomy (p = 0.20) or performance (p = 0.82). Female and male residents received overall similar autonomy ratings that were not significantly different from female faculty (p = 0.66) and male faculty (p = 0.81). For female residents, there was no significant difference in performance ratings by faculty gender (p = 0.20). This finding was consistent when the resident was male (p = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS At our institution, there is no overall gender-based difference in self-rated or faculty-rated operative autonomy or performance among urology trainees. Understanding relevant facets of institutional culture as well as educational strategies between faculty and residents may identify factors contributing to this outcome.
Bulges, Disks, and Kinematics of Galaxies at z ∼ 1

DEEP is a major spectral survey of faint field galaxies with the Keck Telescopes. The goals include exploring galaxy formation and evolution, mapping distant large scale structures, and constraining cosmology. After giving an overview of DEEP, we highlight prior and current DEEP work on the properties of bulges and disks at redshifts z ~1, including a comparison of the colors of distant field bulges and those within a rich cluster at z ~0.83. Kinematics are used to explore the evolution of the Tully-Fisher relation for disks, evolution of the Fundamental Plane for bulge-dominated galaxies, and the masses and nature of luminous blue compact galaxies.
Estimating the frequencies of sinusoids at low signal to noise ratios using the principal component method in tandem with the Burg algorithm

The problem of estimating sinusoidal frequencies at low signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) is considered. The principal component (PC) method has a threshold SNR of about 7 dB. A lowering of this threshold can be achieved if the PC method is cascaded with the Burg algorithm. The reduction is due to the elimination of noise from the noisy data vector, by projecting it on to signal subspace. Simulation results are presented that demonstrate the improvement in performance at low SNRs. >
Does Leadership in Networks Matter

The empirical literature in public management only occasionally speaks to leadership in networks as a possible determinant of network effectiveness. This paper attempts to address this research gap by empirically examining leadership behaviors exhibited by public managers in their external network and the degree to which such behavior contributes to how well the network meets the needs of the manager's jurisdiction. Using a sample of more than 500 network leaders, the findings demonstrate that different types of leadership do play an important role in network effectiveness within the context of a highly collaborative field, that of local emergency management.
Orbit and optics improvement by evaluating the nonlinear beam position monitor response in the Cornell Electron Storage Ring

We present an improved system for orbit and betatron phase measurement utilizing nonlinear models of beam position monitor (BPM) pickup response. We first describe the calculation of the BPM pickup signals as nonlinear functions of beam position using Greens reciprocity theorem with a two-dimensional formalism. We then describe the incorporation of these calculations into our beam position measurements by inverting the nonlinear functions, giving us beam position as a function of the pickup signals, and how this is also used to improve our calculation of the betatron phase advance. Measurements are presented comparing this system with the linearized pickup response used historically at CESR.
Diaz-Fitzgerald time domain (D-FTD) technique applied to electromagnetic problems

A new approach for the solution of electromagnetic problems is presented and tested. The method is based of the discretization of Maxwell's equations, but it differs from the FDTD implementation in that it exploits a different scheme to model wave propagation. Vector and Scalar potential are used instead of the magnetic field, to propagate the electric field. This implementation provides a condensed node representation for the electric field, offers a natural way to treat interfaces, and allows modeling of Debye relaxation media, avoiding convolution. Additionally a mechanical analog can be devised.
Predicting First-Grade Reading Performance from Kindergarten Response to Tier 1 Instruction

Many schools are beginning to implement multi-tier response to intervention (RTI) models for the prevention of reading difficulties and to assist in the identification of students with learning disabilities (LD). The present study was part of our larger ongoing longitudinal RTI investigation within the Florida Learning Disabilities Center grant. This study used a longitudinal correlational design, conducted in 7 ethnically and socio-economically diverse schools. We observed reading instruction in 20 classrooms, examined response rates to kindergarten Tier 1 instruction, and predicted students' first grade reading performance based upon kindergarten growth and end of year reading performance (n = 203). Teachers followed an explicit core reading program and overall, classroom instruction was rated as effective. Results indicate that controlling for students' end of kindergarten reading, their growth across kindergarten on a variety of language and literacy measures suppressed predictions of first grade performance. Specifically, the steeper the students' trajectory to a satisfactory outcome, the less likely they were to demonstrate good performance in first grade. Implications for future research and RTI implementation are discussed.
Gender and General Strain Theory: The Gendering of Emotional Experiences and Expressions:

In their strain theory explanation for the gender gap in delinquency, Broidy and Agnew posit that the joint experience of anger and depression, which is more typical among females than males, should help explain gender differences in delinquency. The authors extend and test their claim using data from a southeastern middle school. Their findings show that females are more likely than males to experience anger and depression concomitantly and that the interaction between anger and depression is important for understanding the gender gap in delinquency. This is not because depression alleviates the impact of anger on delinquency among females, as suggested by gendered strain theory. Instead, depression exacerbates the effect of anger on delinquency among males. This article concludes that the key to understanding links between gender, emotions, and delinquency resides in gendered expressions of emotional responses to stress rather than in gendered experiences of emotions.
On Weak Compactness in Spaces of Measures

Abstract It is proved that a weak* compact subsetAof scalar measures on aσ-algebra is weakly compact if and only if there exists a nonnegative scalar measureλsuch that each measure inAisλ-continuous (such a measureλis called a control measure forA). This result is then used to obtain a very general form of the Vitali–Hahn–Saks Theorem on finitely additive vector measures. Finally, it is proved that a weak* compact subsetAof regular Borel measures on anF-space is weakly compact if and only if there exists a nonnegative regular Borel measureλsuch that each measure inAisλ-continuous. This latter result shows that Grothendieck's theorem on weak* convergent sequences of measures is valid not only for weak* convergent sequences but also for weak* compact subsets with a control measure.
Food restriction protects and obesity increases vulnerability to isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats.

Factors that determine the wide variation in the severity of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis (ISO-MN) are numerous and poorly defined. We have investigated the role of age, body weight, food intake, and genetic strain differences on vulnerability to ISO-MN in rats. The proportion of apical myocardium that became necrotic after administration of toxic doses of isoproterenol was used as the index of ISO-MN. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 8 to 10 and 16 to 18 weeks of age had 3.4 and 3.3 fold more severe apical myocardial lesions respectively than 5- to 6-week-old rats. Among Zucker rats of 8 to 9 weeks of age there was 5.2 times more necrosis in obese than in lean animals. Fifty percent food restriction for one week, or 24 hours of fasting in 8- to 10-week-old SD rats led to a 50% reduction in the area of necrosis compared to ad lib fed controls. Under similar conditions 16- to 18-week-old rats showed a similar reduction with 24-hour fasting, but 50% food restriction had no effect. Similarly, food restriction had no effect in 5- to 6-week-old SD or obese Zucker rats. Feeding of diets containing lard, or olive, corn, or fish oils for one week had no significant effect on ISO-MN in SD rats. These results suggests that age, obesity, and food intake alter vulnerability to ISO-MN.
β-Lactamase-producing mutants of Streptococcus cremoris

Abstract Penicillin-resistant mutants were isolated for six strains of Streptococcus cremoris used in commercial Cheddar cheese manufacture after treatment with N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine. The resistant mutants had an elevated minimal growth inhibitory concentration, 2.5 μ g (4.13 units)/ml, for penicillin G and other β -lactam antibiotics as compared with the penicillin-susceptible parent strains, which were each sensitive to .05 μ g (.08 units)/ml. Penicillin resistance was due to the production of β -lactamase. Plasmid DNA was not demonstrated in partially purified lysates of four mutants. Mutants had normal cellular morphology but altered phage sensitivity patterns. All except one strain were able to support complete phage adsorption. Resistance was retained after 20 passages in absence of penicillin.
Glucose given after hypoxic ischemia does not affect brain injury in piglets.

Giving glucose before hypoxic ischemia worsens brain injury in piglets. Does giving glucose after hypoxic ischemia affect severity of injury?Forty-three 0- to 3-day-old pigs were used. All piglets received 2 U/kg insulin before injury to prevent stress-induced hyperglycemia. Hypoxic ischemic brain damage was induced by clamping both carotid arteries and reducing arterial blood pressure to two thirds of normal by hemorrhage at time 0. At 15 minutes the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) was reduced to 6%. At 30 minutes FIO2 was increased to 100%, the carotids were released, and the withdrawn blood was reinfused. The piglets were then randomized to receive either 2 mL/kg of 50% dextrose followed by 2 mL/kg per hour for 2 hours or an equal volume of saline.Neurological examination scores (20 is normal, 5 is brain dead, by blinded observer) at 1 day postinjury were similar in the two groups: glucose, median 15.5 (25th percentile, 12.2; 75th percentile, 18); controls, 15.6 (9.3, 18). Piglets were killed at 3 d...
Elevated pyruvate kinase activity in patients with hemolytic anemia due to red cell pyruvate kinase "deficiency"

Two patients with non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia were found to have elevated red blood cell pyruvate kinase activities commensurate with the decreased mean red cell age, but the residual pyruvate kinase had marked kinetic abnormalities. Accumulation of metabolic intermediates before pyruvate kinase and reduced levels of activity of the red blood cells of the parents of both patients supported the diagnosis of an inherited abnormal pyruvate kinase causing hemolytic anemia. Although it was observed in two unrelated persons, review of enzyme assays performed on the red blood cells of 651 patients with hereditary non-spherocytic hemolytic anemia suggests that this occurrence is rare.
Goodman on the concept of style

Etude de la definition du style developpee par N. Goodman en termes de signature metaphorique determinee par la fonction symbolique de l'oeuvre d'art. Alors que Goodman rejette l'idee de sentiment ou de structure au profit de la notion d'exemplification, l'A. reprend la distinction suejt-forme qui caracterise le concept de style.
TNF-α is a mitogen in skeletal muscle

Emerging evidence suggests that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α plays a role in muscle repair. To determine whether TNF-α modulates satellite cell proliferation, the current study evaluated TNF-α eff...
Nucleocytoplasmic exchange of macromolecules.

Abstract Quantitative measurements of the cytoplasm-to-nucleus exchange of specific protein tracers were correlated with known physical properties (size and electrical charge) of the proteins. Tracers differing in their molecular parameters were produced by fluorescence labelling of wellcharacterized proteins (bovine serum albumin, mol. wt 67 500; ovalbumin, mol. wt 45 000; myoglobin, mol. wt 17 500; lysozyme, mol. wt 14 500; and cytochrome c , mol. wt 13 000) with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The labelled proteins were microinjected into the cytoplasm of living cells, and their uptake into the nucleus was followed by quantitative fluorescence microscopy. In addition, the distribution of cytoplasmically injected ferritin (mol. wt 465 000) was observed with the electron microscope. Five hours after injection, ferritin was localized almost entirely in the cytoplasm and serum albumin remained heavily concentrated in the cytoplasm. Ovalbumin showed significant nuclear uptake within 15 min, but remained more concentrated in the cytoplasm for up to 5 h. Cytochrome c was approximately evenly distributed between cytoplasm and nucleus within 5 min and remained so up to 5 h. Myoglobin and lysozyme each showed significant nuclear concentration above the cytoplasmic level within 3 min. Thus, the cytoplasm-to-nucleus transfer of proteins was limited by their molecular size. Small proteins, neutrally and positively charged, showed rapid nuclear incorporation. Nuclear concentration occurred with some, but not all, small proteins, and was not based simply on the size or charge of the penetrant.
Lithium 1s main-line and satellite photoemission: Resonant and nonresonant behavior.

We present experimental results on core-level photoemission of atomic lithium, leading to both main-line and satellite states of the ${\mathrm{Li}}^{+}$ ion (1snl where n=2--5). We compare the measured 1s2s ${\mathrm{}}^{1}$,3S main-line cross sections with recent relaxed Hartree-Fock calculations and with previous experimental results, finding reasonable agreement in both cases. For the n=3 satellite, our results disagree with earlier photoemission work which was complicated by additional peaks at 52 eV kinetic energy. We discuss possible explanations for these extra peaks. For the doubly excited state 1s(3s3p) at 71.14 eV, we present total cross-section results in good agreement with previous photoabsorption measurements. The qualitative differences among our partial cross-section profiles are discussed, and the phase for the total cross section is rationalized by estimating the signs of pertinent matrix elements.
Group therapy for chronic medical illness: a multidiagnosis group.

Abstract Chronic medical illness, and the resulting feelings of alienation, dependency, and distress, represent significant psychiatric issues in the general hospital setting. This article presents the results of the first 3 years of a pilot psychotherapy group at UCLA. This group differed from the typical didactic or support groups offered within the hospital in that membership was not limited to any particular diagnostic group. It was hypothesized that such a multidiagnosis group would facilitate exploration of dynamic and interpersonal issues. Both the group process and the response of the membership supported this hypothesis. However, an interesting distinction emerged within the group between members who saw themselves as chronically medically ill and those who defined themselves as disabled. “Disabled” members were generally less satisfied with the group and tended to benefit less than other members. In light of the above findings, we offer recommendations for establishment of similar groups in other hospital settings.
Dental management of the cocaine addict

Abstract Addiction to cocaine is a growing problem in the United States. The detrimentral physiologic aspects of addiction require that certain precautions be observed during dental care to avoid a morbid reaction or a possible fatality. The adverse psychological and social aspects of addiction must also be understood by the dentist in order to properly manage this troubled group of patients.
Polyelectrolyte electrets for electrical energy storage

Abstract Membrane electrets composed of mixtures of polyelectrolyte salts and hydrogen bonding materials have been studied to determine their electric charge and electrical energy-storage characteristics. It has been found that membranes containing salts of polystyrenesulfonic acid, plus polyvinyl alcohol, show excellent promise for such electrical storage purposes. The electrets are formed by heating the membrane to above its glass-transition temperature (typically 60–90 °C), placing it in an electric field (in our case, by use of a 22.5 V dry cell battery) and cooling the membrane back to room temperature within the field. It is found that the membrane, typically 0.005–0.010 cm thick, will retain a potential difference of about 2.5 V. These membranes differ from the usual electrets in that they are not really dielectrics. Whereas typical dielectric electrets might have conductivities of the order of 10 14 (Ω-cm) −1 , the polyelectrolyte electrets have conductivities of the order of 10 −9 (Ω-cm) −1 or even higher. The charge is stored by orientation of dipoles within divergence elements, probably of a semi-crystalline nature, scattered throughout the membrane. The charge storage is stable and, if the membrane is stored with the faces shorted, will last indefinitely. The electret can be discharged by connecting the two faces to an external circuit and heating the membrane to above the charging temperature. Alternatively, electrets can be discharged by use of ultraviolet light, though we have not attempted this method as yet. Using thermal discharge, we have measured charge storage capacities of the order of 1 C/g. Using our present system, we foresee no difficulty in increasing charge storage capacity by an order of magnitude or more, thus making the system comparable to lead-acid or mercury storage batteries.
Hydrogen in bulk and nanoscale ZnO

Abstract Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a wide-band gap semiconductor that has attracted resurgent interest as an electronic material for a range of applications. In our work, we have focused on the properties of hydrogen donors in ZnO. In bulk, single-crystal ZnO doped with hydrogen or deuterium, infrared (IR) absorption peaks corresponding to O–H and O–D stretch modes were observed at 3326.3 and 2470.3 cm −1 , respectively, at liquid-helium temperatures. IR spectroscopy using polarized light showed that the O–H dipoles are aligned along an angle 111° to the c -axis. The slight negative shift of the O–H mode as a function of hydrostatic pressure suggests that the hydrogen resides in an anti-bonding orientation. The O–H complexes are unstable, perhaps due to the formation of “hidden” H 2 molecules. As dimensions approach the nanoscale, the vastly increased surface-to-volume ratio leads to interesting phenomena. At moderate annealing temperatures (350 °C), hydrogen interacts with the nanoparticles, resulting in a dramatic increase in electrical conductivity, free-carrier absorption, and IR reflectivity.
Synthesis and characterization of some bifunctional 2b:2:1 cryptands

Methods for the synthesis of aromatic substituted diaza-polyoxamacrobicyclic compounds (benzocryptands) are described. New synthetic routes to cryptand precursors are developed and improvements in eryptand synthesis discussed and employed to prepare some bifunctional cryptands.
An in vitro study of the effect of different occlusal registration materials on the reproducibility of mounting casts.

This study compared the recorded interocclusal relationships produced using commonly used materials, determining which material accurately provides records of the interocclusal relationship for remounting. Ten occlusal registration materials were used in this study. Maxillary and mandibular casts were mounted on an articulator in maximum intercuspation. The interocclusal relationship was recorded with each specimen under a constant weight. Remounting of the mandibular cast was accomplished with the interocclusal record. The record was removed and the interocclusal contact recorded using occlusal indicator wax. The penetration of contacts was counted. This process was repeated using three specimens for each of the 10 materials used and measured. A standard deviation analysis was done on the number of penetration contacts. Stone interocclusal records were the most accurate material for occlusal registration. Wax wafer interocclusal records were the least accurate material. Clinical Application: This study suggests that the choice of material used for occlusal registration should be based on the expected time interval between occlusal registration and mounting of casts. If the mounting is expected immediately following the interocclusal registration, bite stone is the material of choice for occlusal registration. When a delay is expected between occlusal registration and mounting of the casts, non-eugenol zinc oxide may be chosen as the registration material.
Wear mechanisms of diamond abrasives during transition and steady stages in creep-feed grinding of structural ceramics

Abstract A study was performed to quantify the wear mechanisms of diamond abrasives of a resin bonded diamond wheel (320 US mesh and 100 concentration) in creep-feed grinding of a silicon nitride material. This was achieved with a combined use of a lead-tape imprint technique and SEM. The wear mechanisms observed include attritious wear, fracture (or chipping), mixed mode of wear and fracture, and dislodgment (or pullout). The percentage of each wear mechanism was quantified for different points of the grinding process: five during the transition stage and six during the steady stage. The results indicate that: (1) the percentage of grits not involved in removing the first 10 cm 3 /cm volume of material per unit width was high (∼70%) and decreased as more material was removed (from −50% to 20% during the steady stage). (2) Attritious wear dominated the wear mechanism and the percentage increased as more material was removed (from ∼15% to 30% during the transition stage and from ∼50% to 75% during the steady stage). Correspondingly, the percentage of wear-flat area also increased. (3) The percentages of grit dislodgment and grit fracture were relatively higher during the transition stage than during the steady stage. (4) The number of active grits per unit area increased with cumulative volume of material removed. (5) Specific forces increase nonlinearly with wear-flat percentage and the percentage of worn grits.
Linking metal bioaccumulation of aquatic insects to their distribution patterns in a mining-impacted river

Although the differential responses of stream taxa to metal exposure have been exploited for bioassessment and monitoring, the mechanisms affecting these responses are not well understood. In this study, the subcellular partitioning of metals in operationally defined metal-sensitive and detoxified fractions were analyzed in five insect taxa. Samples were collected in two separate years along an extensive metal contamination gradient in the Clark Fork River (MT, USA) to determine if interspecific differences in the metal concentrations of metal-sensitive fractions and detoxified fractions were linked to the differences in distributions of taxa relative to the gradient. Most of the Cd, Cu, and Zn body burdens were internalized and potentially biologically active in all taxa, although all taxa appeared to detoxify metals (e.g., metal bound to cytosolic metal-binding proteins). Metal concentrations associated with metal-sensitive fractions were highest in the mayflies Epeorus albertae and Serratella tibialis, which were rare or absent from the most contaminated sites but occurred at less contaminated sites. Relatively low concentrations of Cu were common to the tolerant taxa Hydropsyche spp. and Baetis spp., which were widely distributed and dominant in the most contaminated sections of the river. This suggested that distributions of taxa along the contamination gradient were more closely related to the bioaccumulation of Cu than of other metals. Metal bioaccumulation did not appear to explain the spatial distribution of the caddisfly Arctopsyche grandis, considered to be a bioindicator of metal effects in the river. Thus, in this system the presence/ absence of most of these taxa from sites where metal exposure was elevated could be differentiated on the basis of differences in metal bioaccumulation.
Academic departmental library collections as curriculum trend indicators

Changes in the Hunter College School of Social Work (HCSSW) Library’s holdings have matched the contemporaneous changes in the field of social work for which it collects. While most schools of social work in the USA, including the program at Hunter, continue to emphasize agency‐based social work practice, the HCSSW Library’s collection indicates that the current curriculum is actually putting more importance on individual psychological problems like depression and eating disorders. This trend toward more private practice psychotherapeutic work has been decried in the field, but the HCSSW Library collection seems to indicate that schools teaching future professionals are complicit in this trend. This, in turn, suggests that an academic library’s collection can often anticipate changes in a field of study before it is widely acknowledged among the faculty who are experts in the field being collected.