cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New Species of Camallanus (Nematoda: Camallanidae) in Occidozyga laevis (Anura: Megophryidae) from the Philippines

Camallanus philippinensis n. sp. (Spirurida; Camallanidae) from the intestines of Occidozyga laevis (Gunther, 1858) (Anura; Dicroglossidae) is described and illustrated. Camallanus philippinensis n. sp. represents the 106th species assigned to the genus and the first from Philippine anurans. It is distinguished from other Oriental species by the pattern of caudal papillae (6 precloacal, 4 adcloacal, 8 postcloacal), length of spicule (323–329 µm), and postequatorial vulva. Occidozyga laevis is also found to harbor cyclophyllidean cysticerci. Occidozyga laevis represents a new host record for both of these helminths.
Long term hypoxia during gestation alters perirenal adipose tissue gene expression in the lamb.

We previously reported that following long-term hypoxia (LTH), the ovine foetus exhibits enhanced expression of brown/beige adipose genes. This study was designed to determine if these changes are ...
Summary and Adaptability Analysis of Implementation Schemes about Single-Phase-to-Ground Fault Diagnosis in Distribution System

Single-phase-to-ground(SPG) fault accounts for about 80% of faults in distribution system, which will easily cause system overvoltage and multi-point-grounded short-circuit fault. As a result, fault location should be accurately and quickly determined after SPG fault occurs. Due to different neutral-point grounding modes in distribution system, the fault characteristics are various when SPG fault occurs. Therefore, the fault detection methods are different under different neutral-point grounding modes of the system, and the acquired data and configured equipment may also be different. According to the types of monitoring devices applied, SPG fault diagnosis solutions could be divided into three categories: fault-indicator scheme, intelligent-monitoring-terminal scheme and boundary-switch scheme. According to diagnosis principle, the solutions are further subdivided into transient-recording method, directional-adaptive method, signal-injection method, multilevel-directional protection method, phase-asymmetry detection method and so on. This paper firstly summarizes the existing implementation schemes for SPG fault diagnosis including the principle and implementation method. Secondly, adaptability comparison is done among different schemes, and suitable SPG fault handling schemes for different neutral-point grounding systems are put forward. Finally, the development direction of SPG fault handling technologies in the future is prospected, which will effectively promote the level of safe and reliable operation in distribution system.
Strangeness Production with Respect to High Momentum Hadrons in pp and p-Pb Collisions with ALICE at the LHC

In order to understand strangeness production mechanisms, one can study the correlations of hadrons with hidden strangeness (e.g. the \(\phi \) meson) and open strangeness (\(\mathrm {K}^{0}_{\mathrm {S}}\), \(\Lambda \) and \(\bar{\Lambda }\)) in hard (jet) processes and in soft (bulk) processes. Two-particle angular correlations with \(\mathrm {K}^{0}_{\mathrm {S}}\) triggers allow for the study of fragmentation in pp collisions as a function of multiplicity. Similarly, correlations with associated \(\phi \) mesons in p-Pb collisions allow both the jet and the underlying event components of strange particle production to be probed. Presented are \(\mathrm {K}^{0}_{\mathrm {S}}\)-h correlations measured by ALICE [1] in pp collisions at \(\sqrt{s} = 13\) TeV, and h-\(\phi \) correlations measured in p-Pb collisions at \(\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}} = 5.02\) TeV.
Exogenous testosterone replacement therapy versus raising endogenous testosterone levels: current and future prospects.

Testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) is an important treatment option for men with low testosterone levels and symptomatic hypogonadism. Various formulations for exogenous TRT exist, including oral, buccal, intramuscular, transdermal, subdermal, and nasal ones. However, exogenous TRT is a double-edged sword, posing risks to fertility due to negative feedback mechanisms on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which is the main regulator of testosterone production and spermatogenesis in males. Alternative pharmacologic therapies are being used to increase endogenous testosterone levels while attempting to preserve the fertility and function of the HPG axis. These include selective estrogen receptor modulators, gonadotropins, and aromatase inhibitors. This article focuses on overviewing and comparing the current methods of exogenous TRT, alternative treatments to increase endogenous testosterone levels, and novel treatments that are currently under investigation to normalize testosterone levels while preserving the function of the HPG axis. In conclusion, reports suggest that even though TRT is an important way to restore testosterone levels and reduce symptoms associated with low testosterone, it is often difficult to decide which treatment to select for patients with testosterone deficiency. Several factors need to be considered to decide on optimal therapy option for the patient, including, but not limited to, safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, dosing flexibility, and side effects. Alternative approaches aimed at improving endogenous testosterone production and preserving fertility are promising but are still in the initial stages of development. Ultimately, patient-centered decision-making is paramount to appropriate treatment selection.
Mechanistic analysis of actin-binding compounds that affect the kinetics of cardiac myosin-actin interaction

Actin–myosin mediated contractile forces are crucial for many cellular functions, including cell motility, cytokinesis, and muscle contraction. We determined the effects of ten actin-binding compounds on the interaction of cardiac myosin subfragment 1 (S1) with pyrene-labeled F-actin (PFA). These compounds, previously identified from a small-molecule high-throughput screen (HTS), perturb the structural dynamics of actin and the steady-state actin-activated myosin ATPase activity. However, the mechanisms underpinning these perturbations remain unclear. Here we further characterize them by measuring their effects on PFA fluorescence, which is decreased specifically by the strong binding of myosin to actin. We measured these effects under equilibrium and steady-state conditions, and under transient conditions, in stopped-flow experiments following addition of ATP to S1-bound PFA. We observed that these compounds affect early steps of the myosin ATPase cycle to different extents. They increased the association equilibrium constant K1 for the formation of the strongly bound collision complex, indicating increased ATP affinity for actin-bound myosin, and decreased the rate constant k+2 for subsequent isomerization to the weakly bound ternary complex, thus slowing the strong-to-weak transition that actin–myosin interaction undergoes early in the ATPase cycle. The compounds' effects on actin structure allosterically inhibit the kinetics of the actin–myosin interaction in ways that may be desirable for treatment of hypercontractile forms of cardiomyopathy. This work helps to elucidate the mechanisms of action for these compounds, several of which are currently used therapeutically, and sets the stage for future HTS campaigns that aim to discover new drugs for treatment of heart failure.
The Normative Implications of Recent Empirical Neuroethics Research on Moral Intuitions

Empirical neuroethics models have always had normative ambitions. Older models (e.g., dual process) attempted to debunk traditional moral theories, whereas newer models (e.g., ADC model) attempt to fit their empirical and normative claims with them. The issue of normative significance as it pertains to the use of social science methodology on moral intuitions remains open. This paper analyzes the Is/Ought gap and the empirical underpinnings of influential constructivist approaches in order to argue that the normative ambitions of empirical neuroethics models are not necessarily always misguided. The author clarifies how legitimate normative implications can be dissociated from overreaches and argues that moral intuitions could be used as the factual basis for ethics by employing the distinction between natural facts, social facts, and social constructs. Ultimately, morality can be fruitfully studied and informed by natural and social sciences and, thorough ethical reflection, ought also to inform empirical research.
Age and sex influence the activation-dependent stiffness of the pectoralis major

The pectoralis major fiber regions contribute uniquely to the mobility and the stability of the shoulder complex. It is unknown how age and sex influence the stiffness of these regions during volitional contractions, but this knowledge is critical to inform clinical interventions targeting the pectoralis major. The aim of the present study was to determine if the activation-dependent stiffness of the pectoralis major fiber regions differs between the sexes and if it is altered with age. Ultrasound shear wave elastography was used to acquire shear wave velocity from the clavicular and the sternocostal fiber regions of 48 healthy participants, including 24 younger (12 males, 12 females, mean ± SD age 25 ± 4.1 years) and 24 older adults (12 males, 12 females, 55 ± 3.6 years). Participants performed vertical adduction and horizontal flexion torques in neutral and 90° externally rotated shoulder positions, and one of the two shoulder abduction positions (60° and 90°) at varying torque magnitudes (passive, 15% and 30% of maximal voluntary contraction). Separate linear mixed-effects models were run for each fiber region and shoulder position to determine if the activation-dependent stiffness differed between the sexes and was altered in older adults. Age-related alterations in stiffness during volitional contractions were observed in both fiber regions and were dependent on the task. Alterations in activation-dependent stiffness due to age were more pronounced in females than males. Additionally, females had greater stiffness than males during volitional contractions in both fiber regions. The present findings provide the first line of evidence that the activation-dependent stiffness of the pectoralis major fiber regions is influenced by sex and changes with age.
An Introduction to Quasigroups and Their Representations

QUASIGROUPS AND LOOPS Latin squares Equational quasigroups Conjugates Semisymmetry and homotopy Loops and piques Steiner triple systems I Moufang loops and octonions Triality Normal forms Exercises Notes MULTIPLICATION GROUPS Combinatorial multiplication groups Surjections The diagonal action Inner multiplication groups of piques Loop transversals and right quasigroups Loop transversal codes Universal multiplication groups Universal stabilizers Exercises Notes CENTRAL QUASIGROUPS Quasigroup congruences Centrality Nilpotence Central isotopy Central piques Central quasigroups Quasigroups of prime order Stability congruences No-go theorems Exercises Notes HOMOGENEOUS SPACES Quasigroup homogeneous spaces Approximate symmetry Macroscopic symmetry Regularity Lagrangean properties Exercises Notes PERMUTATION REPRESENTATIONS The category IFSQ Actions as coalgebras Irreducibility The covariety of Q-sets The Burnside algebra An example Idempotents Burnside's lemma Exercises Problems Notes CHARACTER TABLES Conjugacy classes Class functions The centralizer ring Convolution of class functions Bose-Mesner and Hecke algebras Quasigroup character tables Orthogonality relations Rank two quasigroups Entropy Exercises Problems Notes COMBINATORIAL CHARACTER THEORY Congruence lattices Quotients Fusion Induction Linear characters Exercises Problems Notes SCHEMES AND SUPERSCHEMES Sharp transitivity More no-go theorems Superschemes Superalgebras Tensor squares Relation algebras The reconstruction theorem Exercises Problems Notes PERMUTATION CHARACTERS Enveloping algebras Structure of enveloping algebras The canonical representation Commutative actions Faithful homogeneous spaces Characters of homogeneous spaces General permutation characters The Ising model Exercises Problems Notes MODULES Abelian groups and slice categories Quasigroup modules The fundamental theorem Differential calculus Representations in varieties Group representations Exercises Problems Notes APPLICATIONS OF MODULE THEORY Nonassociative powers Exponents Steiner triple systems II The Burnside problem A free commutative Moufang loop Extensions and cohomology Exercises Problems Notes ANALYTICAL CHARACTER THEORY Functions on finite quasigroups Periodic functions on groups Analytical character theory Almost periodic functions Twisted translation operators Proof of the existence theorem Exercises Problems Notes APPENDIX A: CATEGORICAL CONCEPTS Graphs and categories Natural transformations and functors Limits and colimits APPENDIX B: UNIVERSAL ALGEBRA Combinatorial universal algebra Categorical universal algebra APPENDIX C: COALGEBRAS Coalgebras and covarieties Set functors REFERENCES INDEX
Some Recent Research on Thermal Properties of Milk Fat Systems

In the first symposium on analytical calorimetry, there were two papers on the thermal properties of milk fat (22, 32). At that time, differential scanning calorimetry was just beginning to be in wide spread use. In these papers, attention was focused on the heat capacities and heats of fusion of the fat and on the influence of thermal history of the fat upon melting phenomena. Progress in relating thermal phenomena to fat composition was just beginning. Since then, the thrust of research has been towards refinement of techniques, behaviour of various fractions of milk fat, and the influence of specific components upon the overall thermogram.
Co-Corrections in the United States of America, 1970-1990

Abstract A comprehensive review of the impact of co-corrections on women prisoners is reported on here. An exhaustive search of the literature found nine studies that report on the impact of co-corrections for women prisoners. The general finding across all nine is that co-corrections offers women prisoners few, if any, economic, educational, vocational, and social advantages. Co-corrections benefits male prisoners and system maintenance.
Model identification and attitude control scheme for a micromechanical flying insect

This paper describes recent development on the design of the flight control system for a micromechanical flying insect (MFI), a 10-25 mm (wingtip-to-wingtip) device capable of sustained autonomous flight. High level attitude control is considered. Based on our previous work, in which the complex time-varying component of aerodynamic forces are treated as external disturbances, a nominal state-space linear time-invariant model in hover is developed through linear estimation. The identified model is validated through the virtual insect flight simulator (VIFS), and is used to design feedback controllers for the MFI. A LQG controller is designed and compared with a PD controller. The identification scheme provides a more systematic way of treating aerodynamic modeling errors, and the controllers designed based on the identified model shows better overall performance in simulation. Another advantage of this approach is that measurement of the instantaneous aerodynamic forces is not necessary, thus simplifies the experimental setup for the real MFI.
The NOAA Hurricane Hunters: A Historical and Mission Perspective

The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Hurricane Hunters protect lives and property by using increasingly-sophisticated instrumentation to collect atmospheric data in and around the hurricane environment. This article describes why the NOAA Hurricane Hunters fly into severe weather, along with their day-to-day responsibilities when not flying into storms. In addition, this article highlights NOAA's entire fleet of aircraft, focusing on the two main platforms used by the Hurricane Hunter crews. With an emphasis on instrumentation and primary missions, ways in which the collected data is used by researchers and forecasters is discussed.
Crack extension induced by dissociation of fracture-hosted methane gas hydrate

We investigate extension of a vertical crack filled by water and methane gas induced by dissociation of methane hydrate in low-permeability muddy sediment. We model the sediment as an impermeable elastic medium and consider a thin sheet configuration of hydrate that initially occupies a vertical fracture. The crack development and the amount of dissociated hydrate are determined using sediment elasticity, fracture mechanics, kinetics of hydrate dissociation, and the equation of state for methane gas. Young's modulus and fracture toughness of the sediment greatly affect the mass of hydrate required for crack extension; lower Young's modulus and higher fracture toughness require greater hydrate mass to induce unstable, buoyancy-driven crack propagation. Our numerical results suggest that propagation of gas/water-filled cracks occurs quickly in a matter of seconds and may be an important mechanism for methane transport in low-permeability sediments when hydrate-filled fractures are under conditions of gas hydrate dissociation.
Inclusive annihilation processes in φ 4 field theory

The process $\ensuremath{\varphi}(q)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\varphi}(p)+\mathrm{anything}$, the process in ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory analogous to ${e}^{+}+{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{d}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}+\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{y}\mathrm{t}\mathrm{h}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{n}\mathrm{g}$, is examined in ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ field theory for large values of ${q}^{2}$. Some heuristic arguments as to the strength of mass singularities in a particular two-particle irreducible amplitude make it possible to argue that a light-cone-like expansion exists when ${q}^{2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. This light-cone expansion has virtually all of the properties of the usual light-cone expansion except that it is not an expansion in terms of invariant amplitudes associated with local operators. In case ${\ensuremath{\varphi}}^{4}$ theory has an eigenvalue, $\ensuremath{\beta}({g}_{\ensuremath{\infty}})=0$, the moments of the annihilation cross section will have a power behavior in ${q}^{2}$, a power unrelated to the powers of ${q}^{2}$ appearing in any deeply inelastic scattering process. Also, at an eigenvalue the average multiplicity of particles produced, a quantity governed by the Callan-Symanzik equation in this theory, grows like a fractional power of ${q}^{2}$.
Next-generation ionomer encapsulants for thin film technology

The characteristic properties of newly developed ionomer-based encapsulants are highlighted along with an in-depth analysis of moisture ingress, electrical and mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of these encapsulants with their high stiffness and strength have been found to allow the use of thinner glass and a possible shift from tempered to annealed glass. Lower-cost mounting options may be explored through full-module stress/deflection measurement capability and competencies developed in world-class finite-element modeling of system parameters. The superior electrical and moisture properties may allow modules to be produced without the use of an additional edge seal. These new materials have improved melt flow properties when compared to other encapsulant families such as EVA or PVB. This allows for faster processing which reduces production cost by shortening the lamination cycle. During the lamination process the sheets show excellent dimensional stability and low shrinkage behavior; and there is no need for curing, thus energy costs are lower due to lower lamination temperature. As advancement of technology proceeds across the entire PV industry, next generation ionomer encapsulants have been developed to keep up with the pace.
Weighting-by-choosing: A weight elicitation method for map overlays

Abstract In land suitability assessment, the map overlay technique is often used in conjunction with a weighting scheme. A person first determines parent maps’ weights by his perceptions about the importance or relative importance of these maps to land suitability. These weight values are then incorporated into the map overlay process. On the resultant overlaid maps, the higher suitability scores are always assigned to those sites that have better conditions on the more important parent maps. Of the two approaches that one can take in determining maps’ weights, tradeoff weighting is more precise than direct assessment , but also more difficult to use because it requires greater cognitive efforts from the users. This article presents a weighting-by-choosing method that facilitates the process of making tradeoffs through a series of site selection exercises. By using hypothetical reference sites as tangible manipulatives, it transforms an otherwise difficult cognitive task into a simple selection exercise. At present, the method applies to two maps at a time, but could potentially be extended to multiple maps.
A Comparison of Hierarchical Methods for Clustering Functional Data

Functional data analysis (FDA)—the analysis of data that can be considered a set of observed continuous functions—is an increasingly common class of statistical analysis. One of the most widely used FDA methods is the cluster analysis of functional data; however, little work has been done to compare the performance of clustering methods on functional data. In this article, a simulation study compares the performance of four major hierarchical methods for clustering functional data. The simulated data varied in three ways: the nature of the signal functions (periodic, non periodic, or mixed), the amount of noise added to the signal functions, and the pattern of the true cluster sizes. The Rand index was used to compare the performance of each clustering method. As a secondary goal, clustering methods were also compared when the number of clusters has been misspecified. To illustrate the results, a real set of functional data was clustered where the true clustering structure is believed to be known. Compari...
Perceived Change Among Participants in an Exercise Program for Older Adults

Data regarding perceived change were collected as part of a study of the effects of aerobic exercise training on psychological, cognitive, and physiological functioning among 101 healthy older adults. Subjects were assigned randomly to an aerobic exercise group, a yoga control group, or a waiting list group for 16 weeks, after which all subjects participated in aerobic exercise for another 16 weeks. Exercise participants perceived positive changes in a wide range of significant life areas, and perceived improvement was more closely related to objective improvement for physiological indicators than for indicators of cognitive functioning or psychological well-being.
Hospital performance recognition with the Get With The Guidelines Program and mortality for acute myocardial infarction and heart failure

Background Many hospitals enrolled in the American Heart Association's Get With The Guidelines (GWTG) Program achieve high levels of recommended care for heart failure, acute myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke. However, it is unclear if outcomes are better in those hospitals recognized by the GWTG program for their processes of care. Methods We compared hospitals enrolled in GWTG and receiving achievement awards for high levels of recommended processes of care with other hospitals using data on risk-adjusted 30-day survival for heart failure and acute MI reported by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Results Among the 3,909 hospitals with 30-day data reported by Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services 355 (9%) received GWTG achievement awards. Risk-adjusted mortality for hospitals receiving awards was lower for both heart failure (11.0% vs 11.2%, P = .0005) and acute MI (16.1% vs 16.5%, P Conclusions Hospitals receiving achievement awards from the GWTG program have modestly lower risk adjusted mortality for acute MI and to a lesser extent, heart failure, explained in part by better process of care.
A COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS FOR DETERMINING COPPER PARTITIONING IN OXIDIZED SEDIMENTS

Abstract Model estimations of the proportion of Cu in oxidized sediments associated with extractable organic materials show some agreement with the proportion of Cu extracted from those sediments with ammonium hydroxide. Data were from 17 estuaries of widely differing sediment chemistry. The modelling and extraction methods agreed best where concentrations of organic materials were either in very high concentrations, relative to other sediment components, or in very low concentrations. In the range of component concentrations where the model predicted Cu should be distributed among a variety of components, agreement between the methods was poor. Both approaches indicated that Cu was predominantly partitioned to organic materials in some sediments, and predominantly partitioned to other components (most probably iron oxides and manganese oxides) in other sediments, and that these differences were related to the relative abundances of the specific components in the sediment. Although the results of the two methods of estimating Cu partitioning to organics correlated significantly among 24 stations from the 17 estuaries, the variability in the relationship suggested refinement of parameter values and verification of some important assumptions were essential to the further development of a reasonable model.
The role of net foreign assets in a New Keynesian small open economy model

Abstract This paper develops a small open economy, sticky-price model that determines a unique, stable long-run asset position for households as function of their incentive to anticipate or postpone consumption and labor effort across periods. This is accomplished by adopting an overlapping-generations structure in which new households with no assets enter the economy in each period. The same characteristics of household behavior that determine long-run assets are also important determinants of the model's responses to shocks. Stabilizing producer prices results in a milder recession following a drop in world demand than stabilizing consumer prices because it prevents the markup in the pricing of goods from increasing. In addition, given an initial foreign debt, allowing consumer prices to rise causes a decrease in the ex post real interest rate on impact, lowering the interest burden of the initial debt. The differences across policy rules generated by the initial asset position are robust to changes in the latter as long as these are brought about by changes in parameter values that do not alter the fundamental characteristics of household (and firm) behavior that are also the key determinants of long-run assets.
The Isolated Heart Preparation

The major advantage of the isolated heart over isolated cardiac muscle for studying the effect of anaesthetics relates to the maintenance of the anatomy and function of the heart as a pump and the use of the native coronary circulation for cardiac nutrition and oxygenation. For the latter function, perhaps the blood perfused heart-lung preparation is more physiological but less controllable, particularly for metabolic studies. However, both preparations are predominantly useful for evaluating mechanisms and comparative biochemical pharmacology, rather than being relevant for clinical management.
Flow cytometry cannot assess surface binding of perforin to target cells.

Lehmann et al[1][1] recently reported results suggesting that the impaired binding of perforin (PFN) to the surface of tumor cells is associated with resistance to cytotoxic effector cell killing. Using natural killer (NK)–sensitive (K562) and –resistant (ML-2) cell lines, they found that
Blockade of L-glutamate receptors in the rostral ventrolateral medulla contributes to ethanol-evoked impairment of baroreflexes in conscious rats.

Abstract This study investigated the effect of ethanol microinjected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla on the cardiovascular responses to in6arostral ventroleteal medulla administration of the excitatory amino acids l -glutamate and N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) and on baroreflex-mediated heart rate responses (baroreflex sensitivity) in conscious freely moving Sprague-Dawley rats. l -Glutamate (5 nmol) or NMDA (25, 50, and 100 pmol) microlrjected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla elicited pressor and bradycardic responses. The cardiovascular responses elicited by both l -glutamate and NMDA were significantly ( p l -glutamate by intrarostra ventrolateral medulla p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid (0.1 nmol), a glutamate uptake inhibitor, was reversed by subsequent ethanol, but not ACSF, microinjection. None of the treatments influenced baseline blood pressure or heart rate. Ethanol or 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid microinjected into the rostral ventrolateral medulla significantly ( p p -chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid significantly ( p
Biopsychosocial experiences of adults with congenital heart disease: Review of the literature

Background Approximately 1% of all newborns display some form of congenital heart disease (CHD). Successful medical and surgical management of CHD has allowed 85% of these children to survive into adulthood and produced a new set of challenges for both patients and doctors with an emphasis on quality of life and psychosocial functioning. Methods The current paper has 3 aims: (1) to summarize the research literature examining the emotional adjustment among this population, (2) to detail the psychological, social, and quality-of-life factors that might result in an increased risk of psychological maladjustment, and (3) to provide clinical management strategies to optimize health outcomes. Results Current empirical evidence has suggested that compared with same aged reference norms in US studies, adults with CHD had scores indicative of worse emotional functioning as assessed by both clinical interviews and self-report measures. Similar European studies have generally not demonstrated such differences. Additional research suggests that areas of functioning that may be particularly affected include neurocognitive functioning, body image, social and peer relationships, and mild delays in developmental functioning. Conclusions These studies suggest that patients with CHD are successfully engaging in full adult responsibilities and roles but do experience specific psychosocial challenges that may impact emotional functioning, self-perception, and peer relationships. Lifestyle considerations in young adulthood are significant and impinge on pregnancy considerations and exercise capabilities. Clinical management strategies include increased awareness and dialogue between patients with CHD and physicians regarding psychosocial concerns.
SUPPRESSION OF PLASMA CELL DIFFERENTIATION BY PRIMED T LYMPHOCYTES

Cord blood T lymphocytes inhibit the division of maternal T cells and can block plasma cell (PC) differentiation of unrelated B cells induced by pokeweed mitogen (PWM). These effects are variable in degree but could be important in regulating immune responses between mother and fetus. Contact with maternal HLA antigens not shared by the fetus is one possible stimulus to such suppression. This was investigated by using adult blood T lymphocytes since these are not normally suppressive but can be stimulated in one-way mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC). In 4 experiments, when 40,000 T cells harvested from control (X × X) cultures were added to autologous (donor X) PWM stimulated cultures the mean number of PC (x10−3) per culture was 32.2, IgM and 17.2, IgG. The number fell to 6.3 IgM and 4.6 IgG (mean suppression 78%) when the added T cells had been primed in MLC (X × Y) to the cells tested for differentiation (donor Y). There was slight reduction in the numbers of PC obtained in cultures of lymphocytes from the same source as the primed T cells (X × Y added to X), giving a mean suppression of 35%, and a comparable reduction in the response of an unrelated control (X × Y added to Z). The results suggest that specific suppression, which might be mediated by cytotoxic cells, is of greater magnitude than non-specific suppression. They are compatible with the view that a histocompatibility stimulus to the fetus could induce the suppressive characteristics of human cord blood T lymphocytes. (Grant 1-354 from the National Foundation, March of Dimes)
The rhetorical career of Thomas Woolston: A radical challenges the rules of discourse

The expelled Anglican cleric Thomas Woolston was tried in London for blasphemy in 1729. Woolston's long battle with the church is important to understanding the serious problems facing orthodox Christianity in the early eighteenth century, as well as the radical changes taking place in public attitudes toward religion. This paper assesses Woolston's unusual rhetorical career, his provocative style, and his trial for blasphemy. It focuses special attention on the controversy surrounding Woolston's influential, Six Discourses on the Miracles of our Saviour. His long battle with the church over the legitimacy of literal interpretations of miracles and his introduction into religious debate of a radical language of criticism make Woolston an important figure in the history of religious rhetoric. Moreover, his life demonstrates how the rules of a discourse community can be challenged and changed.
A Two-Year-Old with Rickets: Diet History, Treatment and Follow-Up

Abstract AJ, a 2-year-old African-American male, was referred to a nutrition and gastroenterology clinic with the diagnosis of rickets and iron deficiency anemia, both of which were secondary to poor nutrition. All of the classic signs of rickets were present: frontal bossing, rachitic rosary, enlarged joints, and bowed legs with the latter condition making it impossible for AJ to walk without assistance. His height (Ht) for age was th percentile, placing his Ht at the 50 th percentile Ht/age for a 12- month-old, indicating stunting had taken place. However, weight (Wt) for Ht was appropriate. Abnormal serum laboratory values included vitamin 1,25(OH) 2 D (
Comparative Analyses of a Cystic Fibrosis Isolate of Bordetella bronchiseptica Reveal Differences in Important Pathogenic Phenotypes

Bordetella bronchiseptica is a Gram-negative bacterium that infects and causes disease in a wide variety of animals. B. bronchiseptica also infects humans, thereby demonstrating zoonotic transmission. An extensive characterization of human B. bronchiseptica isolates is needed to better understand the distinct genetic and phenotypic traits associated with these zoonotic transmission events. Using whole-genome transcriptome and CGH analysis, we report that a B. bronchiseptica cystic fibrosis isolate, T44625, contains a distinct genomic content of virulence-associated genes and differentially expresses these genes compared to the sequenced model laboratory strain RB50, a rabbit isolate. The differential gene expression pattern correlated with unique phenotypes exhibited by T44625, which included lower motility, increased aggregation, hyperbiofilm formation, and an increased in vitro capacity to adhere to respiratory epithelial cells. Using a mouse intranasal infection model, we found that although defective in establishing high bacterial burdens early during the infection process, T44625 persisted efficiently in the mouse nose. By documenting the unique genomic and phenotypic attributes of T44625, this report provides a blueprint for understanding the successful zoonotic potential of B. bronchiseptica and other zoonotic bacteria.
Development of large area transparent conducting oxides from a combinatorial lead for organic solid state lighting

Organic light emitting device (OLEDs) may provide a low-cost, long-lived, and efficient wide area lighting solution if a number of challenges in reliability, cost and efficiency can be overcome. There is a need to develop new TCOs for use as the anode in a bottom-emitting device that do not contain In, have optimal work function, conductivity and visible light transmission properties, possess acceptable stability and possess a high work function to match the deep HOMO of blue OLED HTLs. We report here results from our efforts to scale up sputter deposition on large area substrates (up to 12”x12”) of TCO candidates (including Ga:ZnO and Zn:SnO) identified using combinatorial methods. We present transmission, electrical properties, work function, compositional and structural data for these films. Finally, we have evaluated the use of these materials in OLEDs, and show device performance comparisons between devices fabricated on combinatorial substrates, single composition substrates, and substrates grown at larger scale (up to 12”x12”). Post-operation analysis of the materials using a combination of surface analysis and electron microscopy techniques was performed. The device results demonstrate that we are able to generate substrates with the appropriate work function to reduce the operating voltage of blue phosphorescent OLEDs comparedmore » to commercial ITO, which we ascribe to improved work function-HOMO energy matching leading to more efficient charge injection into the device HTL.« less
A model for a bistable biochemical trigger of mitosis

The activation of maturation promoting factor (MPF, cyclin B/Cdc2), which starts mitosis, is modeled as a bistable biochemical switch or trigger. A small, slow parameter change can cause an abrupt transition by a saddle-node bifurcation from a stable steady state of low activity to one of high activity. The switch is not reversed if the parameter change is reversed (hysteresis). The dynamical features necessary for this triggering action are the presence of two stable steady states (low-activity and high-activity), and one unstable steady state. The key biochemical kinetic features of the model are (1) mutual activation by MPF and Cdc25, which makes the activation of MPF effectively autocatalytic, and (2) binding of MPF by Suc1, which inhibits MPF autocatalysis and stabilizes the low-activity steady state until the amount of MPF begins to approach or exceed stoichiometrically the amount of Suc1, then allows strong autocatalysis and full activation. The special virtues of bistable triggering, and the general types of biochemical mechanism which can produce it, are discussed.
Erratum to: O-antigen polymerase adopts a distributive mechanism for lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis

The original version of this article inadvertently contained mistakes. In the discussion part, when we discussed the “catch-and-release” mechanism, the cited paper (Islam et al., eBio, 2010) is not correct. It should be another publication (Islam et al., JBC 2011) from the same lab. The second error is that we mentioned that PL3 and PL5 of WzyPa are proposed to carry net-negative and net-positive charges, respectively. In fact, the opposite is correct. In Islam et al. (2011), they characterized PL3 (pI 8.59) and PL5 (pI 5.49) of WzyPa and proposed that PL3 should be netpositively charged (to recruit a net-negatively-charged lipidlinked single O unit in this organism) under physiological conditions.
Alterations in rat intestinal transit by morphine promote bacterial translocation

Translocation of enteric microorganisms from the intestinal tract to extraintestinal sites has been proposed as an early step in the development of gram-negative sepsis. This study examined the role of altered bowel transit in influencing intestinal bacteriostasis and bacterial translocation using morphine as a pharmacologic inhibitor of such transit. In the first experiment, either normal saline (N=8) or morphine sulfate (20 mg/kg;N=8) was injected subcutaneously. Two hours later, morphine (7.5 mg/kg) was infused subcutaneously for an additional 22 hr; control animals received saline alone. After completion of this regimen, a volume of 0.2 ml of 2.5 mM FITC dextrans (10,000 daltons) were injected intraduodenally in each group. The bowel was removed 25 min later, divided into 5-cm segments, and the content of dextrans measured. Small bowel propulsion was expressed as the geometric center of the distribution of dextrans throughout the intestine (in percentage length of small bowel). Gut propulsion was significantly reduced after morphine treatment as compared to controls (32.8±8.2% vs 55.8±4.0%;P<0.01). In 16 additional rats, saline or morphine was again administered as described. After 24 hr, samples were obtained from the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) complex, blood, spleen, liver, duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and cecum for standard bacteriology. The bacterial counts increased significantly in each intestinal segment following morphine treatment. Microorganisms translocated to the MLN complex in 5, and to distant sites in four of eight morphine-treated animals, respectively. Translocation to the MLN complex occurred in only one of eight controls (P<0.05); no translocation to distant sites occurred in control animals. We conclude that the morphine-induced prolongation in bowel transit promotes bacterial translocation secondary to an overgrowth of enteric bacteria in the intestinal lumen.
Of mice and iron: ferroportin disease

[Comment on Zohn et al, page 4174][1]In this issue of Blood , Zohn and colleagues describe a novel mouse mutant that bears a striking similarity to the most enigmatic of human hemochromatosis disorders, ferroportin disease. Patients present with either of 2 clinical scenarios when they carry
Health economics and the economics of education: specialization and division of labor*

Abstract This paper addresses the separation of human capital studies into separate fields of education and health. The main difference between the two fields may be the inability to measure the value added of health care expenditures objectively in contrast to earnings valuation of education. As a result, the two fields separate theoretically and methodologically. Areas where approaches from labor/educational studies would benefit health care research are suggested. [JEL I10, I20]
Comment On “A 3d Resistivity Tomography Study of a LNAPL Plume Near a Gas Station at Brugelette (Belgium)”by O. Kaufmann and J. Deceuster (J. Environmental and Engineering Geophysics, 12, 207–219)

JEEG 12: 207–219(2007) I would just like to correct a statement in the paper by Kaufmann and Deceuster, JEEG, June 2007, Vol. 12, Issue 2, p. 213. The authors incorrectly claim that my paper “Ogilvy …
Investigation of four 99mTc-labeled bacteriophages for infection-specific imaging

Abstract Introduction This study investigated radiolabeled bacteriophages for specific detection of infection through gamma imaging. Previously, a 99m Tc-labeled M13 phage demonstrated specific binding for its host Escherichia coli in vitro and in mice through imaging. Methods This study was extended to phages P22, E79, VD-13 and phage 60. Each was radiolabeled with 99m Tc using the chelator MAG 3 , and were evaluated for binding to host and non-host bacteria in vitro and in a mouse infection model. Results In vitro, each 99m Tc-phage bound to its host at least 4-fold higher than to non-host bacteria. For example, 99m Tc-E79 showed 10- to 20-fold greater binding to host Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to non-host Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica , and 99m Tc-phage 60 showed 20-fold greater binding to host Klebsiella pneumoniae over non-hosts. Mice received host or non-host bacteria in one thigh, and 3 h later, the 99m Tc-phages were administered intravenously. After a further 3 h, the tissues were counted. Liver accumulation was highest for 99m Tc-E79, averaging 39% compared to an average of 13% for the other 99m Tc-phages. Animals infected with host bacteria showed infected thigh/normal thigh ratios of 14.2 for 99m Tc-E79, 2.9 for 99m Tc-P22, 3.5 for 99m Tc-VD-13 and 2.1 for 99m Tc-phage 60. Conclusions Although specific host binding was observed in vitro for each of these four 99m Tc-phages, only 99m Tc-E79 showed specificity for its host in an in vivo model.
Efficient Generation of Megakaryocytes From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Food and Drug Administration-Approved Pharmacological Reagents

Megakaryocytes (MKs) are rare hematopoietic cells in the adult bone marrow and produce platelets that are critical to vascular hemostasis and wound healing. Ex vivo generation of MKs from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) provides a renewable cell source of platelets for treating thrombocytopenic patients and allows a better understanding of MK/platelet biology. The key requirements in this approach include developing a robust and consistent method to produce functional progeny cells, such as MKs from hiPSCs, and minimizing the risk and variation from the animal-derived products in cell cultures. In this study, we developed an efficient system to generate MKs from hiPSCs under a feeder-free and xeno-free condition, in which all animal-derived products were eliminated. Several crucial reagents were evaluated and replaced with Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacological reagents, including romiplostim (Nplate, a thrombopoietin analog), oprelvekin (recombinant interleukin-11), and Plasbumin (human albumin). We used this method to induce MK generation from hiPSCs derived from 23 individuals in two steps: generation of CD34(+)CD45(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) for 14 days; and generation and expansion of CD41(+)CD42a(+) MKs from HPCs for an additional 5 days. After 19 days, we observed abundant CD41(+)CD42a(+) MKs that also expressed the MK markers CD42b and CD61 and displayed polyploidy (≥16% of derived cells with DNA contents >4N). Transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing revealed that megakaryocytic-related genes were highly expressed. Additional maturation and investigation of hiPSC-derived MKs should provide insights into MK biology and lead to the generation of large numbers of platelets ex vivo.
A Brief History of Terrorism in the United States

Three seasoned radicals sit down in a dingy New York hotel room to decide what to do about a cash offer they can't refuse. The donor intends the money as the start-up for a fund-raising campaign that will eventually be used to train and arm "missioners" for a terrorist holy war against an evil empire that exploits their impoverished homeland. The three men debate how the money should be spent. Should they use the latest weapons to blow up the enemy's warships? Should they seize the jails where their political prisoners are kept? Or should they dare to imagine the greatest feat of all: to simultaneously set off fifty state-of-the-art bombs in their enemy's city and reduce its financial center to ashes. The time: 1876. The men: Irish nationalists who see it as their sacred duty to free their homeland from English rule using high explosives, the cutting-edge weapons of their day. The outcome: A series of bombing attacks on London that terrorize its inhabitants, leaving more than 100 people injured and six dead. Despite popular misconceptions, terrorism is not a recent phenomenon in American life. Nor does terrorism consist solely of foreign attacks or domestic eruptions of isolated, pathological rage. Rather, terrorism is a current of violence, in a violent culture, on the shadowy side of militarism. As the nineteenth-century anarchist and pacifist Auberon Herbert once wrote of the revolutionary terrorists of his day, "Dynamite is not opposed to government; it is, on the contrary, government [by force] in its most intensified and concentrated form. ''1 The September llth attacks, though unprecedented in scale, are not unprecedented in motivation or design. The A1 Qaeda terrorists are not the first to operate in the United States through secret cells, attempt to destroy an
Dual-tracer PET using generalized factor analysis of dynamic sequences.

Purpose With single-photon emission computed tomography, simultaneous imaging of two physiological processes relies on discrimination of the energy of the emitted gamma rays, whereas the application of dual-tracer imaging to positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has been limited by the characteristic 511-keV emissions.