cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of neck dissection in cancer of the oral cavity

Carcinoma of the oral cavity is most often treated by surgical resection, is associated with clinically evident neck disease in one third of cases, and has a high rate of occult metastasis in the N 0 neck. When patients have clinically evident neck disease, comprehensive neck dissection is usually performed. Establishing an approach to the N 0 neck has been somewhat more difficult and controversial. The presence of occult neck metastasis carries both prognostic and therapeutic implications. The most reliable factor in determining the presence of metastasis is pathological evaluation; this is the rationale for performing staging neck dissections in patients with tumors of the oral cavity. Since two-thirds of these dissections will yield no tumor, the type of neck dissection should yield the most prognostic information while causing the least morbidity. A selective neck dissection encompassing Levels I-III satisfies these requirements well.
Multicomponent Wave Propagation: The Coherence Principle. An Introduction

Convective transport phenomena can be viewed as propagation of waves. For such a purpose, a wave is defined as a variation of the values of dependent variables, usually concentrations, temperature, pressure, etc. If the species involved affect one another’s behavior, as is usually the case, the waves are nonlinear (that is, obey nonlinear differential equations). Examples include multicomponent fixed-bed adsorption and ion exchange (Helfferich and Klein, 1970; Rhee et al., 1970, 1986; Vermeulen et al., 1984; Ruthven, 1984), preparative chromatography (Helfferich and James, 1970; Rhee and Amundson, 1982; Frenz and Horvath, 1985), enhanced oil recovery (Welge, 1952; Helfferich, 1981; Hirasaki, 1981; Orr and Taber, 1984; Lake, 1989), leach mining (Walsh et al., 1984), transport with precipitation and dissolution (Bryant et al., 1986, 1987; Novak et al., 1988; Helfferich, 1989a), sedimentation (Kynch, 1952; Wallis G, 1969), travel of disturbances through chemical equipment that is otherwise at equilibrium or steady state (Hwang and Helfferich, 1989), and traffic flow (Whitham, 1974; Tondeur, 1987a). Migration and fate of pollutants in geological formations, especially in aquifers, also is a phenomenon of this type, if a very complex one owing to the irregular, three-dimensional geometry and the usually highly nonuniform permeability of the medium in which it occurs, to the nonuniformity and irregular distribution of soil components that interact with the pollutants, and to chemical reactions which the pollutants may undergo.
Low-level gestational exposure to mercury and maternal fish consumption: Associations with neurobehavior in early infancy

Abstract Background Studies examining the effects of low-level gestational methylmercury exposure from fish consumption on infant neurobehavioral outcomes in the offspring are limited and inconclusive. Our objective was to examine the effects of low-level gestational exposure to methylmercury on neurobehavioral outcomes in early infancy. Methods We assessed neurobehavior of 344 infants at 5-weeks using the NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS). Gestational mercury exposure was measured as whole blood total mercury (WBTHg) in maternal and cord blood. We collected fish consumption information and estimated polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intake. We examined the association between gestational mercury exposure and NNNS scales using regression, adjusting for covariates. Results Geometric mean of maternal and cord WBTHg were 0.64 and 0.72 μg/L, respectively. Most mothers (84%) reported eating fish during pregnancy. Infants with higher prenatal mercury exposure showed increased asymmetric reflexes among girls (p = 0.04 for maternal WBTHg and p = 0.03 for cord WBTHg), less need for special handling during the assessment (p = 0.03 for cord WBTHg) and a trend of better attention (p = 0.054 for both maternal WBTHg and cord WBTHg). Similarly, infants born to mothers with higher fish consumption or estimated PUFA intake also had increased asymmetric reflexes and less need for special handling. In models simultaneously adjusted for WBTHg and fish consumption (or PUFA intake), the previously observed WBTHg effects were attenuated; and higher fish consumption (or PUFA intake) was significantly associated with less need for special handling. Conclusions In a cohort with low level mercury exposure and reporting low fish consumption, we found minimal evidence of mercury associated detrimental effects on neurobehavioral outcomes during early infancy. Higher prenatal mercury exposure was associated with more frequent asymmetric reflexes in girls. In contrast, infants with higher prenatal mercury exposure and those whose mothers consumed more fish had better attention and needed less special handling, which likely reflect the beneficial nutritional effects of fish consumption.
Due Process Limits on Accomplice Liability

American accomplice liability law is a disgrace, and this paper examines a rarely discussed aspect of that law: the operation of the "natural and probable consequences" doctrine. In this short piece, I point out how many such laws violate Due Process in two respects. First, they violate Winship in dispensing with any requirements that the prosecution prove the elements of the offense as against the accomplice. Second, compounding this violation, these laws fail Due Process on vagueness grounds, as they contain no elements that can be proved, thus providing an open-ended liability for these secondary actors.
Richtlautsprecher mit Anwendungen in Kommunikation, Entertainment und Fahrerassistenz

Bislang sind in der Automobilindustrie alle Versuche gescheitert, die schweren und Bauraum verschlingenden Lautsprecher durch Flachenlautsprecher zu ersetzen. In einem Projekt der Volkswagen-Konzernforschung werden nun aber andere Ziele verfolgt, bei denen flachige, 4 mm dunne, elektrostatische Folienlautsprecher aus Kunststoff im Dachhimmel verbaut werden, um mittels ihrer ausgepragten Richtcharakteristik ausschlieslich den jeweils darunter liegenden Sitzplatz zu beschallen. Diese Technologie, akustische Signale in einem kleinen Volumen gezielt zu ubermitteln, bietet eine ganze Reihe von Moglichkeiten, neuen Kundennutzen im Fahrzeug darzustellen.
Controls on interannual variability in lightning-caused fire activity in the western US

Lightning-caused wildfires account for a majority of burned area across the western United States (US), yet lightning remains among the more unpredictable spatiotemporal aspects of the fire environment and a challenge for both modeling and managing fire activity. A data synthesis of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes, climate and fire data across the western US from 1992 to 2013 was conducted to better understand geographic variability in lightning-caused wildfire and the factors that influence interannual variability in lightning-caused wildfire at regional scales. Distinct geographic variability occurred in the proportion of fires and area burned attributed to lightning, with a majority of fires in the interior western US attributed to lightning. Lightning ignition efficiency was highest across the western portion of the region due to the concomitance of peak lightning frequency and annual nadir in fuel moisture in mid-to-late summer. For most regions the number of total and dry lightning strikes exhibited strong interannual correlation with the number of lightning-caused fires, yet were a poor predictor of area burned at regional scales. Commonality in climate–fire relationships for regional annual area burned by lightning- versus human-ignited fires suggests climate conditions, rather than lightning activity, are the predominant control of interannual variability in area burned by lightning-caused fire across much of the western US.
STRUCTURAL AND THERMOTROPIC PROPERTIES OF SYNTHETIC C16:0 (PALMITOYL) CERAMIDE : EFFECT OF HYDRATION

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction techniques have been used to investigate the structure and thermotropic properties of synthetic, non-hydroxy fatty acid (16:0) ceramide (NFA(C16)CER) as a function of hydration. Anhydrous NFA(C16)CER shows a single, broad endothermic transition at 95.4 degrees C (delta H = 10.4 kcal/mol). On hydration, a broad exothermic transition appears at approximately 50-70 degrees C while the main endothermic transition decreases to 90.0 degrees C (delta H = 13.8 kcal/mol). The enthalpy of the exothermic transition increases with hydration to a maximum value, delta H = 4.8 kcal/mol. This polymorphic phase behavior depends on the low temperature incubation time and prior cooling rate. X-ray diffraction of fully hydrated NFA(C16)CER at 26 degrees C, shows a well-ordered lamellar phase with a bilayer periodicity d = 46.9 A. At 68 degrees C, above the first exothermic transition, X-ray diffraction shows again a lamellar phase with reduced bilayer periodicity d = 41.8 A and an increased number of both lamellar and wide-angle reflections indicative of enhanced layer and chain packing order, respectively. At 90.0 degrees C, above the main transition, the diffraction pattern shows a broad, intense reflection at 29.9 A and a diffuse reflection at 4.6 A, indicative of a melted chain phase. On cooling, NFA(C16)CER exhibits polymorphic phase behavior involving the conversion of the melted chain phase to a metastable bilayer phase. On heating, this metastable phase undergoes an exothermic transition to a stable bilayer phase; on further heating, NFA(C16)CER converts endothermically to the melted-chain phase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pelay-dependent robust H_∞ control for a class of uncertain neutral systems

AbstrcatThis paper is concerned with the robust H∞ control problem for linear neutral delay systems subject to parameter uncertainty.The methods of robust stabilization and robust H∞control which are dependent on the size of the delay and are based on the solution of linear matrix inequalities.First,are developed a delay-dependent stability criterion is presental.Then, a sufficient condition for the existence of the desired controller for the robust H∞control problem is provided.At last, a scheme of robust H∞controller to the uncertainty systems is given.
School desegregation after Parents Involved: The complications of pursuing diversity in a high‐stakes accountability era

ABSTRACTAcademic disparities among racial groups persist, which may be due in part to persisting school segregation. This study focuses on how student achievement affects diversity efforts within two urban‐suburban school districts in the South experiencing demographic changes with a history of voluntary integration efforts: Jefferson County Public Schools (Louisville, KY) and the Wake County Public School System (Raleigh, NC). We found that diversity and accountability intersected in different ways: in both districts there is a belief that diversity does matter, but with a divergence of opinion in its relative importance the details of how to accomplish diversity are contested. Our case studies are a cautionary tale of how the increased focus on achievement and accountability complicates efforts to pursue other long‐held district goals. Instead of seeing diversity and improving student outcomes as separate, policymakers should re‐evaluate how existing policies may unintentionally cause districts to end b...
GPU-accelerated computational tool for studying the effectiveness of asteroid disruption techniques

Abstract This paper presents the development of a new Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) accelerated computational tool for asteroid disruption techniques. Numerical simulations are completed using the high-order spectral difference (SD) method. Due to the compact nature of the SD method, it is well suited for implementation with the GPU architecture, hence solutions are generated at orders of magnitude faster than the Central Processing Unit (CPU) counterpart. A multiphase model integrated with the SD method is introduced, and several asteroid disruption simulations are conducted, including kinetic-energy impactors, multi-kinetic energy impactor systems, and nuclear options. Results illustrate the benefits of using multi-kinetic energy impactor systems when compared to a single impactor system. In addition, the effectiveness of nuclear options is observed.
Integrity Preserved: Shakespeare’s Hamlet

Volumes have been written on the meaning of this fascinating work. So many lines of dramatic action and deep thought criss-cross in it that there is no definitive way of interpreting and understanding the play. The interpretation that follows does not presume to compete with the many perceptive and illuminating studies of what Shakespeare has managed to put into his work. Rather, it seeks to call attention to some things which lie at the very surface of the play. Their importance may be overlooked if one seeks immediately to uncover deeper meanings. That such profundities are there cannot be denied. But they arise from features that are simple, direct and inescapable — the most common and familiar factors of human experience. To understand the deeper consequences to which these familiar factors may lead, we must begin with what lies unconcealedly on the surface.
How to blow infinitely large soap bubbles with a fixed boundary

Abstract Consider (area minimizing) soap bubbles ( i. e . surfaces of constant mean curvature) spanning a Jordan curve Γ in ℝ 3 . We show that they converge to infinitely large minimal surfaces spanning Γ as their volumes approach infinity.
The role of abnormal congenitally displaced ureteral orifices in causing reflux following spinal cord injury.

Objective To determine the role of congenitally displaced ureteral orifices in causing vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Design Retrospective chart review. Participants Men and women with (UMN) neurogenic bladders secondary to SCI. Main outcome measures Position of the ureteral orifice and urodynamic parameters in association with VUR. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed to identify SCI participants with and without reflux who had evaluation with cystoscopy, cystogram, and urodynamics. The position of ureteral orifice was compared in individuals with SCI who did and did not have ureteral reflex. All cystogram studies were interpreted by board-certified radiologists. The International Classification system was used to grade the severity of the reflux. Fisher exact test was used to evaluate the association of the posterior ureteral orifice and reflux. Analysis also was performed to evaluate the association of reflux with posterior-placed ureteral orifices and urodynamic parameters in the reflux group and nonreflux group. Results Fifteen participants were found to have reflux--11 had posterior-placed ureteral orifices, whereas 4 had normally positioned orifices. The 11 individuals with posterior-placed ureteral orifices had no bladder wall trabeculation. However, all 4 individuals with normally positioned ureteral orifices had severe trabeculation. Seventeen participants did not exhibit reflux--2 had posteriorly placed ureteral orifices and 15 had normally positioned orifices. Association of posterior position and reflux (P = 0.004). No differences were found with regard to bladder capacity, bladder wall compliance, or voiding pressures between the reflux group and nonreflux group. Conclusion Congenitally displaced ureteral orifices are an important cause of VUR in individuals with SCI. Participants with normally positioned ureteral orifices only had reflux in the presence of severe trabeculation. This study suggests that annual screening with cystograms may not be necessary in individuals with normally positioned ureteral orifices and no significant trabeculation.
The Dopamine Transporter Recycles via a Retromer-Dependent Postendocytic Mechanism: Tracking Studies Using a Novel Fluorophore-Coupling Approach.

Presynaptic reuptake, mediated by the dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT), terminates DAergic neurotransmission and constrains extracellular DA levels. Addictive and therapeutic psychostimulants inhibit DA reuptake and multiple DAT coding variants have been reported in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. These findings underscore that DAT is critical for DA neurotransmission and homeostasis. DAT surface availability is regulated acutely by endocytic trafficking, and considerable effort has been directed toward understanding mechanisms that govern DAT's plasma membrane expression and postendocytic fate. Multiple studies have demonstrated DAT endocytic recycling and enhanced surface delivery in response to various stimuli. Paradoxically, imaging studies have not detected DAT targeting to classic recycling endosomes, suggesting that internalized DAT targets to either degradation or an undefined recycling compartment. Here, we leveraged PRIME ( PR obe I ncorporation M ediated by E nzyme) labeling to couple surface DAT directly to fluorophore, and tracked DAT's postendocytic itinerary in immortalized mesencephalic cells. Following internalization, DAT robustly targeted to retromer-positive endosomes, and DAT/retromer colocalization was observed in male mouse dopaminergic somatodendritic and terminal regions. Short hairpin RNA-mediated Vps35 knockdown revealed that DAT endocytic recycling requires intact retromer. DAT also targeted rab7-positive endosomes with slow, linear kinetics that were unaffected by either accelerating DAT internalization or binding a high-affinity cocaine analog. However, cocaine increased DAT exit from retromer-positive endosomes significantly. Finally, we found that the DAT carboxy-terminal PDZ-binding motif was required for DAT recycling and exit from retromer. These results define the DAT recycling mechanism and provide a unifying explanation for previous, seemingly disparate, DAT endocytic trafficking findings.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neuronal dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT) recaptures released DA and modulates DAergic neurotransmission, and a number of DAT coding variants have been reported in several DA-related disorders, including infantile parkinsonism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. DAT is also competitively inhibited by psychostimulants with high abuse potential. Therefore, mechanisms that acutely affect DAT availability will likely exert significant impact on both normal and pathological DAergic homeostasis. Here, we explore the cellular mechanisms that acutely control DAT surface expression. Our results reveal the intracellular mechanisms that mediate DAT endocytic recycling following constitutive and regulated internalization. In addition to shedding light on this critical process, these findings resolve conflict among multiple, seemingly disparate, previous reports on DAT's postendocytic fate.
Sparse cylindrical sensor network with beamforming and DoA estimation

In this paper, different sensor network deployment schemes are studied based on the structures of co-prime cylindrical array, nested cylindrical array and sparse cylindrical array. According to the characteristic of cylindrical array, it can be seen as a linear array whose elements are the identical circular arrays, which motivates us to apply such structures for sensor network deployment. In our sensor networks with circular-array deployment, the co-prime linear array and nested linear array could be combined with circular arrays. Moreover, in order to achieve better performance in direction-of-arrival (DoA) estimation with as few elements as possible, the two-dimensional nested array is extended to the cylindrical array and through augmented matrix MUSIC approach, multiple sources in the range could be successfully detected based on such deployed sensor networks. Simulation results show that the new proposed sparse cylindrical arrays-based sensor networks can not only reduce the number of sensors, but also improve the resolution in comparison with an equal length uniform cylindrical array-based sensor networks.
Using Serious Game Analytics to Inform Digital Curricular Sequencing: What Math Objective Should Students Play Next?

This paper applied serious game analytics to inform digital curricular sequencing in a longitude, curriculum-integrated math game, ST Math. When integrating serious games into classrooms, teachers may have the flexibility to change the order of math objectives for student groups to play. However, it is unclear how teacher decisions, as well as the sequencing of the original curricular order affect students. Moreover, few researchers have applied data-driven methods to inform content ordering in educational games, where the nature of educational content and student behaviors are different from many e-learning platforms. In this paper, we present a novel method that suggests curricular sequencing based on the prediction relationship between math objectives. Our results include specific design recommendations for ST Math, and general data-driven insights for digital curricular design, such as the pacing of objectives and the ordering of math concepts. Our method can potentially be applied to data from a wide range of games and digital learning platforms, enabling developers to better understand how to sequence educational content.
"Hunger, Satiety, and Decision-Making"

This study builds upon a small but growing literature examining topics such as motivation, decision making, and behavior in light of visceral physiological states such as hunger, thirst, sexual des...
Statewide Implementation of Classroom Practices for Superior Students

40 matched secondary school faculties were compared on implementation of recommended classroom practices for high performing students. A total of 20 experimental faculties had taken part in a state...
Culture, temperament, and social and psychological adjustment

Abstract Relative to personality and many behavioral attributes, temperament is believed to be determined to a greater extent by genetic and other biological factors. Nevertheless, personal and social experiences are involved in temperamental development. In this paper, I discuss issues related to culture, temperament, and adjustment mainly from a contextual-developmental perspective, which emphasizes the role of social evaluation processes in bridging culture and temperamental development. The review of the research findings indicates that cultural beliefs and values, particularly those related to socialization goals, are reflected in parents’ and peers’ attitudes toward children’s temperamental characteristics, such as reactivity in challenging situations and self-control and its behavioral manifestations. Culturally guided social attitudes contribute to variations in the display of temperamental characteristics among children across societies. Moreover, culture plays a role in shaping the functional meanings or significance of temperamental characteristics in human development. Researchers need to investigate in the future cultural issues in temperamental development, especially relations between temperament and adjustment in different contexts, using a multi-level and multi-method approach.
An Examination of the Relative Associations of Prototype Favorability, Similarity, and Their Interaction With Alcohol and Alcohol-Related Risky Sexual Cognitions and Behavior:

Prototypes are defined as the image a person holds of the typical person who engages in risk behavior and are comprised of favorability toward the prototype and similarity to the prototype. Despite...
Mobile Technology for Cognitive Assessment of Older Adults: A Scoping Review

Background and objectives The number of people diagnosed with dementia is rising appreciably as the population ages. In an effort to improve outcomes, many have called for facilitating early detection of cognitive decline. Increased use of mobile technology by older adults provides the opportunity to deliver convenient, cost-effective assessments for earlier detection of cognitive impairment. This article presents a review of the literature on how mobile platforms-smartphones and tablets-are being used for cognitive assessment of older adults along with benefits and opportunities associated with using mobile platforms for cognitive assessment. Research design and methods We searched MEDLINE, Web of Science, PsycInfo, CINAHL, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in October 2018. This search returned 7,024 articles. After removing 1,464 duplicates, we screened titles and abstracts then screened full-text for those articles meeting inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Twenty-nine articles met our inclusion criteria and were categorized into 3 groups as follows: (a) mobile versions of existing article or computerized neuropsychological tests; (b) new cognitive tests developed specifically for mobile platforms; and (c) the use of new types of data for cognitive assessment. This scoping review confirms the considerable potential of mobile assessment. Discussion and implications Mobile technologies facilitate repeated and continuous assessment and support unobtrusive collection of auxiliary behavioral markers of cognitive impairment, thus allowing users to view trends and detect acute changes that have traditionally been difficult to identify. Opportunities include using new mobile sensors and wearable devices, improving reliability and validity of mobile assessments, determining appropriate clinical use of mobile assessment information, and incorporating person-centered assessment principles and digital phenotyping.
First-principles study of diffusion and interactions of hydrogen with silicon, phosphorus, and sulfur impurities in nickel

Using density functional theory (DFT), we systematically study the effect of Si, P, and S impurities on the diffusion and binding of an H atom in a face-centered-cubic (FCC) Ni lattice. First, we quantify binding energies of an H atom to a vacancy, an impurity atom, and a vacancy-impurity atom defect pair. The energetics of H interactions show that a vacancy-impurity atom defect pair with larger binding energy traps the H atom more strongly and correlates with electronic bonding. Next, we study how the impurities influence diffusion of an H atom by using the Climbing Image Nudged Elastic band method to evaluate the Minimum Energy Path and the energy barrier for diffusion. The H atom preferentially diffuses between tetrahedral to octahedral (T-O) interstitial positions in pure Ni and when impurities are present. However, the activation energy significantly decreases from 0.95 eV in pure Ni to 0.47 eV, 0.52 eV, and 0.46 eV, respectively, in the presence of Si, P, and S impurities, which speeds up H diffusion. We rationalize this by comparing the bonding character of the saddle point configuration and changes in the electronic structure of Ni for each system. Notably, these analyses correlate the lower values of the activation energies to a local atomic strain in a Ni lattice. Our DFT study also validates the hypothesis of Berkowitz and Kane that P increases the H diffusion and, thereby, significantly increases H embrittlement susceptibility of Ni. We report a similar effect for Si and S impurities in Ni.
Pyocyanin yield improvement for enhancement of Pseudomonas aeruginosa inoculated Microbial Fuel Cell efficiency

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces Pyocyanin which serves as a good electron transport shuttle in Microbial Fuel Cells. Studies have implicated higher Microbial Fuel Cell energy yield with higher PCN production by P. aeruginosa thus improving energy output. For obtaining high pyocyanin producing strain of P. aeruginosa, sewage water samples were taken from various sites in Islamabad and were cultured in LB media at 37°C. Characterization was performed by both biochemically as well as genetically. For pyocyanin yield assessment R f value and λmax were determined. Pyocyanin was isolated via repeated chloroform and acidified water extraction and quantified. Physiochemical and nutritional conditions for pyocyanin production were optimized in the form of designed modified semisynthetic media. Optimized production was achieved and pyocyanin yield was increased to 3 folds than normal and control conditions. The designed pyocyanin yield media can be used to improve energy output in microbial fuel cells.
Social Participation of Young Children with Visual Impairments in Specialized and Integrated Environments

This study examined the social participation of 28 young children with visual impairments, some with additional disabilities, during free-play periods in their natural educational environments and ...
Efficacy of Invisalign attachments: A retrospective study.

Introduction The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of Invisalign's (Align Technology, Santa Clara, Calif) optimized and conventional attachments on rotational and extrusive tooth movements. Methods Initial, predicted, and achieved digital dental models from 100 orthodontic patients were exported from Invisalign's ClinCheck software as stereolithography files and subsequently imported into the Slicer CMF program (version 4.7.0; http://www.slicer.org ) for superimpositions on posterior teeth with no planned movement. Rotational and extrusive measurements for both optimized and conventional attachments were made on 382 teeth from the superimposition of the initial and predicted models (predicted movement) and from the superimposed initial and achieved models (achieved movement). Predicted and achieved movements were compared along with movements of teeth with optimized and conventional attachments. Results Differences between accuracies of tooth movements using optimized vs conventional attachments for both rotation and extrusion were neither statistically nor clinically significant. Mean predicted values were larger than mean achieved values for all attachment types and movements (P Conclusions Conventional attachment types may be just as effective as Invisalign's proprietary optimized attachments for rotations of canines and premolars and extrusion of incisors and canines. Clinicians should consider overcorrecting tooth movements, especially anterior tooth extrusion.
Teaching and Researching Genre Knowledge: Toward an Enhanced Theoretical Framework:

Increased attention to genre in writing studies has brought a proliferation of new terms and concepts for capturing the complexity of writers’ knowledge about genres, including genre knowledge, gen...
Research-based quantum instruction: Paradigms and Tutorials

The theoretical commitments and practical constraints of two research-based curricula in quantum mechanics, comparing how different design considerations affect the curricula and their implementation.
Percutaneous Tibial Nerve Stimulation in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Women With Overactive Bladder Syndrome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study was to compare optimal response ("very much better" or "much better" on the Patient Global Impression of Improvement [PGI-I] index) to posterior tibial nerve stimulation (PTNS) for overactive bladder (OAB) in patients with and without diabetes mellitus. Secondary outcomes included longitudinal data regarding PTNS use in patients with diabetes and controls. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of women in our tertiary care center who completed at least 10 weekly and 1 maintenance PTNS treatments for OAB, excluding patients who were treated with PTNS for a non-OAB primary diagnosis. Participants were grouped into those with diabetes mellitus and those without. Previous research demonstrated a 20% difference in subjective response to anticholinergics in persons with diabetes versus persons without diabetes with OAB. To demonstrate a 20% difference in optimal PGI-I with 80% power, our analysis required 92 patients in each group. RESULTS We identified 356 patients: 96 with diabetes mellitus, and 260 controls. There was no statistically significant difference in the primary outcome, with 43 (44.8%) of 96 persons with diabetes versus 115 (44.2%) of 260 controls demonstrating optimal PGI-I response (P = 0.92). Among patients with diabetes, no baseline variables were found to predict treatment response, including hemoglobin A1c greater than 7%, diabetes with sequelae, or higher Charlson Comorbidity Index. CONCLUSIONS In women undergoing PTNS for OAB, the optimal PGI-I response rate is similar in patients with and without diabetes.
Completion of Multiple Fellowships: Finding a Job

Completion of more than one fellowship brings the benefit of multiple skill sets but can sometimes make for a more difficult job search process. The difficulty of the job search process may stem from the lack of ability to practice both of your subspecialties or lack of the ideal location. This chapter focuses on a job search framework, namely, advice about considerations of geography and other trade-offs during my own process that often caught me by surprise.
Heber Binary Plants, Imperial Valley, California, USA

Heber, a town in Imperial Valley, California, is home to two geothermal power stations. Heber was first explored as an oil and gas prospect, but two wells drilled in 1972 confirmed the existence of a liquid-dominated, moderate-temperature, low-salinity reservoir. The chapter discusses the development of the first Heber binary plant, the Heber Binary Demonstration plant. The plant had its share of problems, including that the parasitic power requirements were not proportional to the load. The needed production wells were not completed on schedule and the plant was decommissioned and eventually dismantled. The second attempt to develop the Heber resource began in 1992 and has achieved the success that was hoped for but not realized when the original Heber demonstration plant was built. Optimization of the power complex has continued to the present.
Decay of Sn 125 (9.7-Day and 9.4-Minute)

The beta and gamma radiations of the 9.7-day and 9.4-minute radioactive decays of ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{125}$ have been studied by scintillation methods using multichannel coincidence spectrometers. Sources were prepared by thermal-neutron irradiation of metallic tin foil enriched in ${\mathrm{Sn}}^{124}$, followed by chemical purification. In the 9.7-day activity, seven gamma rays of energies 0.342, 0.468, 0.811, 0.904, 1.068, 1.41, and 1.97 Mev are observed. Their intensities, expressed in percent of the total decay to excited states, are 9, 10, 20, 18, 73, 3, and 24 respectively. The presence of four beta-ray components is deduced; their energies are 2.35, 1.28, 0.47, and 0.38 Mev, with $log\mathrm{ft}$ values of 8.9, 9.8, 7.9, and 7.7 respectively. There is a possible weak fifth component of 0.94 Mev with $log\mathrm{ft}$ about 10.4. The coincidence data define a decay scheme involving excited states in ${\mathrm{Sb}}^{125}$ at 1.07, 1.41, 1.88, and 1.97 Mev, with the strong (\ensuremath{\sim}95%) 2.35-Mev beta ray proceeding directly to the ground state. All these excited states surely have spins of at least $\frac{9}{2}$, and all probably have positive parity.In the 9.4-minute decay, four gamma rays of 0.326, 0.64, 1.07, and 1.39 Mev are observed. Their intensities, expressed in percent of the total decay, are 99.7, 0.3, 0.3, and 1.9 respectively. The first and last are coincident, and define an excited level at 1.72 Mev. The principal beta component of 2.05 Mev proceeds to the intermediate level at 0.326 Mev. The beta component to the 1.72-Mev level has therefore an energy of 0.66 Mev and $log\mathrm{ft}$ of 5.8, so the level has a low spin and probably positive parity. The two weak gamma rays are also found to be in coincidence, with an energy sum of 1.72 Mev. The intermediate state of this cascade could be at either 1.07 or 0.64 Mev. Since it must be of fairly low spin, it apparently cannot be identical with the 1.07-Mev level observed in the 9.7-day decay.
Construction of small-insert libraries from genomic DNA.

Construction of small-insert genomic libraries involves ligation of a size-selected insert to vector DNA. In this unit, vector DNA is prepared by digestion with a restriction endonuclease followed by phosphatase treatment to dephosphorylate the vector ends. Insert DNA is prepared by complete digestion of DNA with a compatible 4-base-cutting restriction endonuclease (e.g., AluI, HaeIII, RsaI, or Sau3A), as such frequently cutting endonucleases give the highest fragment number in the desired range. Alternatively, fragments may be generated by sonication of genomic DNA. Once the fragments have been generated, they are size selected on an agarose gel. The portion of the gel containing DNA of the desired size is excised and the DNA released from the agarose by digestion with b-agarase. Insert and vector DNAs are then ligated with T4 DNA ligase and used to transform competent Escherichia coli cells to create a small-insert library.
Studies of materials derived from staphylococcus: IV. Precipitating antibodies to staphylococcal antigens in human sera

Abstract Through use of the agar precipitin method, human sera have been shown to contain antibodies directed against both culture filtrates and bacterial extracts of staphylococci. Most of the antibodies were directed against culture filtrates. All of the Staphylococcus aureus strains studied produced antigens which reacted with HGG, while only two of nine Staphylococcus albus strains formed antigens reacting with HGG. This suggests a relationship between the pathogenicity of a strain of staphylococcus and its ability to stimulate antibody production.
Your Ad Here: The Cool Sell of Guerrilla Marketing

Contents Acknowledgments 1 Buying into the Cool Sell 2 The Ambient Governance of Advertainment 3 Street Spectacle and Subculture Jamming 4 Buzz Agency and the Regime of Dialogue 5 Crowd-Sourced Marketing and the Freedom to Labor 6 Managing Agency in the Regime of Engagement Appendix Notes BibliographyIndex About the Author
Word Class Distinctions in an Incomplete Grammar

The acquisition of word classes and their distinctions has long attracted researchers of language, and Ruth Berman’s contribution to this topic has played an important role in first language acquisition literature (Berman 1985, 1986, and particularly 1988).1 This paper examines the knowledge of word classes under incomplete acquisition, a previously uninvestigated area of inquiry. Incomplete acquisition is defined here as the acquisition of L1 by a healthy child who starts out either monolingual or dominant in L1 but switches to another language (L2) as primary before age 10.2 Such speakers, who end up controlling two or more languages but are dominant in the language they acquired later (L2), are referred to as “incomplete learners,” or alternatively, as “heritage speakers” (Valdes, 2000).3
Submucous lipoma of the colon

Abstract 1. 1. Submucous lipoma of the large bowel is comparatively rare. 2. 2. Because of its occurrence during the so-called cancer age, the similarity of the symptoms, particularly when acute, to those of obstruction due to carcinoma, and the absence of a characteristic defect on x -ray studies, submucous lipoma of the colon is rarely diagnosed preoperatively. In cases of suspected pathologic conditions of the colon presenting a long history of recurring attacks of pain, constipation, bloody diarrhea, unassociated with loss in weight or with cachexia, a benign lesion of the colon should be suspected. 3. 3. Intussusception is a rather characteristic complication of submucous lipoma of the colon. 4. 4. Thirteen cases of submucous lipoma of the colon and rectum found in the literature since the publication of Pemberton and McCormack's review in 1937 are tabulated. 5. 5. A case report of submucous lipoma of the transverse colon is presented.
“Flipped” Classroom: Benefits Versus Challenges for Communicative Sciences and Disorders Faculty and Students

“Flipped” classrooms are rooted in the need to prepare students for the rigors of today's workplace. The model facilitates active, engaged learners, who take responsibility for developing knowledge...
Molecular genetics of gametophytic self-incompatibility in Petunia hybrida

The most famous, if not necessarily the first, description of gametophytic self-incompatibility in Petunia was given by Charles Darwin (1876), who noted: ... for protected flowers, with their own pollen placed on the stigma, never yielded nearly a full complement of seed; whilst those left uncovered produced fine capsules, showing that pollen from other plants must have been brought to them, probably by moths. Plants growing vigorously and flowering in pots in the greenhouse, never yielded a single capsule... Since that time, Petunia,especially Petunia hybrida, has been a system of choice not only for many studies on gametophytic self-incompatibility, but also for research in different areas of plant molecular genetics (Linskens 1975; de Nettancourt 1977; Hanson and Kool 1984). There are several reasons for the popularity of this organism for experimental studies. The plant is grown easily under a variety of greenhouse conditions and clonal stocks are easily propagated by vegetative cuttings. Flowering in Petunia is indeterminate, non-obligate (quantitative, LDP) for photoperiod (Armitage 1985), and the plants flower profusely. The large size of flowers and floral organs makes collection of material for biochemical studies relatively painless. Petunia hybrida varieties are readily transformed using vectors from Agrobacterium tumefaciens,and transformed cells easily regenerated to give fertile plants (Horsch et al. 1988). Because of the long history of Petunia as a garden bedding plant, a wide variety of genetic material is available. This includes the di-haploid Petunia hybrida cv. Mitchell, used for a majority of molecular genetic studies, commercial hybrid lines, and inbred lines. In addition to Petunia hybrida, non-commercial Petunia species have been used for studies of gametophytic self-incompatibility as well as for investigations of Petunia taxonomy (Ascher 1984; Sink 1984; Ai et al. 1990). Several of the Petunia species having 2n = 14 chromosomes, can form sexual or somatic hybrids with each other (Hanson and Kool 1984). Besides P. hybrida,these include: P. inflata, P. axillaris, P. violacea,P. parodii, and P. parvora.
Recalibrating Polynesian prehistory

The anthropologist Johannes Fabian once famously remarked that it is difficult to talk about time, and consequently we are given to leaving time to philosophers to ponder and play with as a topic worthy of learned debate (1). However, as the archaeologists Timothy Rieth and Terry Hunt have observed, “a well-established chronology provides the foundation for addressing broader research questions including the evolution of resource use, agricultural strategies, competition and interaction, social complexity, and human-induced environmental impacts” (2).
Impaired beta-adrenergic receptor-mediated regulation of gene expression in adipocytes from older rats

With aging, in many cells there is a blunted capacity of beta-adrenergic agonists to increase adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation. We wondered if blunted cAMP responses led to impaired regulation of genes in which expression is modified by cAMP. To test this hypothesis, adipocytes were isolated from 2- and 12- to 16-mo-old Sprague-Dawley rats that were stimulated with isoproterenol, and the inhibitory effect on expression of genes for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were examined. Isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation and glycerol release were impaired in adipocytes from the older rats. Isoproterenol inhibited expression of LPL and FAS mRNAs in cells from the younger but not older rats. Removal of endogenous adenosine partially restored isoproterenol-mediated inhibition of expression of these genes in the cells. These results demonstrate that blunted cAMP responses associated with aging in obese Sprague-Dawley rats led to altered regulation of LPL and FAS genes. These findings extend the possible physiological implications of impaired hormone-induced cAMP responses with aging.
Change in State following Transposition of a Regulatory Element of the Enhancer System in Maize.

From an original A2 allele (colored aleurone), a mutable allele, a2-m-4 1629 , that changes from a2 to A2 is described. Mutability is expressed as a very distinct pattern limited to the last cell division.—The mutability of a2-m-4 1629 is autonomously controlled by an En at the a2 locus. This En , inactive on standard a testers for En , is partially active on a2-m-1 , an a2 tester for En , and expresses varied levels of activity from limited to nearly full suppression of the a2-m-1 color phenotype.—When the En of the a2-m-4 1629 allele transposes from the a2 locus, it behaves, at the new position, like a standard En in triggering a2-m-1, a-m-1 and a-m(r) , which express colored spots on a colorless background. The activity of En is therefore different following the change in chromosome location. This finding supports the "position" hypothesis that has been proposed to explain diverse patterns observed among controlling elements. In this case mutation is related to the terminal cell state and not to tissue differences as shown with some phase-variation regulatory elements.
Membrane Vesicles Are Immunogenic Facsimiles of Salmonella typhimurium That Potently Activate Dendritic Cells, Prime B and T Cell Responses, and Stimulate Protective Immunity In Vivo

Gram-negative bacteria produce membrane vesicles (MVs) from their outer membrane during growth, although the mechanism for MV production and the advantage that MVs provide for bacterial survival in vivo remain unknown. MVs function as an alternate secretion pathway for Gram-negative bacteria; therefore, MV production in vivo may be one method by which bacteria interact with eukaryotic cells. However, the interactions between MVs and cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems have not been studied extensively. In this study, we demonstrate that MVs from Salmonella typhimurium potently stimulated professional APCs in vitro. Similar to levels induced by bacterial cells, MV-stimulated macrophages and dendritic cells displayed increased surface expression of MHC-II and CD86 and enhanced production of the proinflammatory mediators NO, TNF-alpha, and IL-12. MV-mediated dendritic cell stimulation occurred by TLR4-dependent and -independent signals, indicating the stimulatory properties of Salmonella MVs, which contain LPS, do not strictly rely on signaling through TLR4. In addition to their strong proinflammatory properties, MVs contained Ags recognized by Salmonella-specific B cells and CD4(+) T cells; MV-vaccinated mice generated Salmonella-specific Ig and CD4(+) T cell responses in vivo and were significantly protected from infectious challenge with live Salmonella. Our findings demonstrate that MVs possess important inflammatory properties as well as B and T cell Ags known to influence the development of Salmonella-specific immunity to infection in vivo. Our findings also reveal MVs are a functional nonviable complex vaccine for Salmonella by their ability to prime protective B and T cell responses in vivo.
X-band power AlGaAsInGaAs P-n-p HBTs

AlGaAs/InGaAs P-n-p heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) were fabricated using carbon-doped material grown by nonarsine metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE). F/sub max/ of 39 GHz and f/sub t/ of 18 GHz were obtained. Operated in common-base mode, a P-n-p HBT achieved 0.5-W output power with 8-dB gain at 10 GHz; saturated output power was 0.69 W. Results are presented for devices with emitter lengths from 120 to 600 mu m. >
Pressure loading on curved leading edge wings in supersonic flow

An approximate method is developed which extends pressure distribution theories for wings of constant sweep to wings with curvilinear leading edges. Two cases are considered. In the first case of a predominantly subsonic leading edge, an analogy is made to a wing in conical flow. In the second case of a supersonic/subsonic leading edge, physical reasoning is used to approximate the flow regions on the wing with linesource solutions. An application is made to a wing of ogee planform, and comparisons with experimental data prove very favorable.
Cascading through the 1P1 (1s)(2p) state of fluorine

Abstract The 1P1 (1s)(2p) state of He-like fluorine produced in a foil-excited fluorine beam is shown to decay with a t -3 2 time function. This behavior is identical to that recently reported for oxygen beams and thus demonstrates that there is no strong Z dependence for this time behavior.