cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Support vector machine classification with noisy data: a second order cone programming approach

In this paper, we investigate the stability of linear and quadratic programming support vector machines (SVMs) with bounded noise in the input data using a robust optimisation model. For a linear discriminant function, this model is expressed as a second order cone optimisation problem. Using the concept of the kernel function, we generalise for nonlinear discriminant functions. Intuitively, it looks quite clear that large margin classifiers are robust in terms of bounded input noise. However, there is no theoretical analysis investigating this behaviour. We show that the SVM solution is stable under bounded perturbations of the data both in the linear programming and quadratic programming. Computational results are also presented for toy and real-world data.
Orientation of Calosoma sycophanta L. (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in forests: insights from visual responses to objects.

Visual responses of adults of Calosoma sycophanta L., which are predators of the gypsy moth, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), were investigated in laboratory arenas. Beetles moved toward dark cylinders significantly faster than to light ones when the background was white, but no differently when the background was black. Thus, C . sycophanta appears to respond most readily to dark objects, and this response is only slightly modified by contrast with the background. Beetles move toward large-diameter black cylinders more readily than toward small-diameter ones, but object height and shape do not appear to be important characteristics. The visual responses of C . sycophanta would tend to orient adults toward the base of trees in a forest. Because beetles prey on gypsy moth larvae in trees, this orientation serves to position them where they can most readily find hosts, or perhaps to guide them to objects under which to hide.
Effects of Dietary Stearidonic Acid on Biomarkers of Lipid Metabolism

Stearidonic acid (SDA), a highly unsaturated (n-3) PUFA, is effectively metabolized to EPA with a bioequivalence of ~5:1 as determined by the omega-3 index, a biomarker for risk of cardiovascular disease. The AHA has recommended that individuals increase their consumption of highly unsaturated (n-3) PUFA, particularly EPA and DHA, but there are concerns about achieving the recommendations through fish consumption. SDA is considered a biological surrogate for EPA. SDA-enriched soybean oil whose SDA content is ~30% could be a novel mechanism to seamlessly incorporate highly unsaturated (n-3) PUFA into the food supply; however, the effects of SDA are poorly understood, particularly at the transcriptional level. This paper reviews the human literature of the effects of dietary SDA on circulating lipids as directly compared with EPA at bioequivalent doses. These results were then compared to the effects of SDA on expression patterns of hepatic lipolytic and lipogenic genes in swine fed diets containing SDA at levels similar with those doses used in human trials. Supplementing SDA at doses of 3.7-4.2 g/d, of which the bioequivalence to EPA is ≤1 g/d, had little impact on modifying circulating TG and total, LDL, and HDL cholesterol, recapitulating the results with EPA at doses of 1.0-1.5 g/d. These results were generally supported by the gene expression patterns in swine. Although many lipolytic and lipogenic genes remained unchanged, several lipogenic genes were downregulated and a number of other biomarkers considered atheroprotective, such as C-reactive protein and paraoxonase, were favorably modified.
A Non-numerical Predictive Model for Asymmetric Analysis

Predicting asymmetric threats (e.g., terrorist events) is becoming ever more important. Prior works have focused on tactical, statistical, and data-fusion systems. The thrust of our work has been the development of a non-numerical predictive model for amplifying intelligence analysts’ recognition of emergent threats. The intelligence community uses a Template schema for assessing courses of action. Our predictive model processes non-numerical data to arrive at automated assessment and confidence scores for these Templates. The predictive model is traceable, transparent, and utilizes Human-in-the-Loop data-fusion. For future work, this predictive model will be further enhanced with behavioral filtering. Behavioral filtering adjusts the assessment and confidence of the predictions by intelligently evaluating characteristic behavioral data. This non-numerical predictive model has been tested and verified in the Asymmetric Threat Response and Analysis Program (ATRAP).
ATTRACTION OF MEXICAN FRUIT FLIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) TO TWO SYNTHETIC LURES: EFFECTS OF WATER AND THERMAL STRESS

Experiments were conducted in a flight chamber in a controlled-environment greenhouse to determine if thermal and water stress differentially affects attraction of Mexican fruit flies, Anastrepha ludens (Loew), to BioLure MFF 2-component lures and AFF lures. For most combinations of air temperature, water vs. no water in traps, and non-thirsty vs. thirsty flies, responses to traps with BioLures or AFF lures were equal. Generally, higher temperatures, water deprivation of flies, and especially presence of water in traps, increased attraction to both lures. Results indicate that observed greater attractiveness of BioLures compared with AFF lures in Multi-Lure traps in the field is not due to water in traps or thermal stress. Results are consistent with observed greater attractiveness of Multi-Lure traps containing water compared with sticky traps under hot, dry field conditions.
Printing Ritual: The Performance of Community in Christopher Plantin's La Joyeuse & Magnifique Entrée de Monseigneur Francoys . . . d'Anjou

Printed commemorations of Renaissance pageantry have been used as important sources of knowledge about the people and circumstances surrounding key political events, with less attention paid to the internal structure and original function of the printed works themselves. This essay explores a particular commemorative book and its illustrations as a case study of the collaborative construction of civic identity in the sixteenth-century Netherlands. It considers the growing conception of print as a space for communal definition and political diplomacy, functioning not as a replacement for civic ritual, but an analog to it.
SUSCEPTIBILITY OF DIAPREPES ABBREVIATUS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) TO A COMMERCIAL PREPARATION OF BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS SUBSP. TENEBRIONIS

A commercial preparation of the microbial entomopathogen, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. tenebrionis (Btt) was evaluated for biological activity against the Diaprepes root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus (L.). A reduction in survival was observed for neonatal larvae exposed to insect diet incorporated with Btt and in potted citrus treated with a Btt soil application. A treatment-induced, weight gain reduction for neonates was indicated only in the diet assay. Larvae exposed at 5 weeks old to diet treated with Btt demonstrated a dose-dependent mortality response. The mean ages for larval death ranged from 111 to 128 days among treatments. The LC50 for larvae in this age group was 6.2 ppm [AI] and the slope of the probit line was 2.29. The mortality response of larvae exposed at 12 weeks old also was dose dependent and the mean ages for larval death ranged from 130 to 141 days among treatments. The LC50 for larvae in this age group was 25.4 ppm [AI] and the slope of the probit line was 2.75. The delayed patterns of mortality that we observed among larvae treated at 5 and 12 weeks old indicates that disease is slow to develop in older larvae but that death occurs before maturation is completed.
Face-Wrinkling Mode of Buckling

Two methods are presented for predicting face-wrinkling failure stresses for edgewise loaded sandwich panels. One method, based on Forest Products Laboratory theoretical parameters, is for the specialized case of fiberglas-facing, aluminum-honeycomb-core. The second method, based on a theory developed by Yusuff, is more general in that it appears applicable to all types of sandwiches. An essential contribution of this study is the formulation of a method for estimating initial waviness. Extensive experimental data was used and reasonable correlations with theory were obtained.
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF HAZARDOUS FUELS AND ECOLOGICAL DECADENCE

On 8 August 2000, President Clinton asked Interior Secretary Bruce Babbitt and Agriculture Secretary Dan Glickman to prepare a report that would recommend how best to respond to the severe fires of 2000, specifically how to reduce the impacts of these wildland fires on rural communities. The President also asked for short-term actions that federal agencies, in cooperation with states, local communities, and tribes, could take to reduce immediate hazards to communities in the wildland-urban interface and use to ensure land managers and firefighters are prepared for the extreme fire conditions expected in the future. A key point was the investment in projects to reduce fire risk (hazardous-fuels-reduction programs). Addressing fire risk and wildland fire issues will require significant investments in time, manpower, and money. It is through multiple-treatment types, including chemical applications, mechanical thinning, seeding efforts, and prescribed fire that this is to be accomplished. Since 1994, the Forest Service and the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) have increased the number of acres treated to reduce fuel buildup, from fewer than 500,000 acres in 1994 to more than 2.4 million acres in 2002 (Executive Summary 2000).
Emphasizing ethics and privacy preservation in an undergraduate data mining course

In recent years, many universities have begun to integrate data mining into undergraduate elective offerings, and data management and data mining have evolved into important academic disciplines. Although many universities now offer undergraduate-level courses in data mining and several excellent texts are available, few courses or books focus on other critical data mining concerns such as ethics, security and privacy issues. This paper describes an initial course offering in which a privacy preserving data mining module focusing specifically on protecting privacy and the identity of the data owner was infused into an undergraduate data mining course.
Approximation of Precompound Effects in Hauser-Feshbach Codes for Calculating Double Differential ( n, xn ) Cross Sections

A simplified method for approximating precompound nuclear reaction effects in Hauser-Feshbach codes for the calculation of double differential (n, xn) cross sections is presented. The method is dev...
Beyond ketonization: selective conversion of carboxylic acids to olefins over balanced Lewis acid–base pairs

We report the direct conversion of mixed carboxylic acids to C-C olefins with up to 60 mol% carbon yield through cascade (cross) ketonization, (cross) aldolization and self-deoxygenation reactions. Co-feeding hydrogen provides an additional ketone hydrogenation/dehydration pathway to a wider range of olefins.
A New Species of Chigger (Acari: Trombiculidae) from Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bat (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Georgia, USA

Abstract A new species, Hoffmanniella solickiana (Acari: Trombiculidae), is described from specimens of Corynorhinus rafinesquii Lesson, 1827 (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) collected in southeastern counties of Georgia, USA. The new species differs from congeners by a different pattern of unbranched leg setae, number of body setae, and highly branched sensillae.
Pilot Study: Survey Tools for Assessing Parenting Styles and Family Contributors to the Development of Obesity in Arab Children Ages 6 to 12 Years.

Objectives: Our pilot study was conducted to test the reliability of the Caregiver’s Feeding Styles Questionnaire (CFSQ) and the Family Nutrition and Physical Activ­ity Assessment (FNPA) in a sample of Arab mothers. Design: Twenty-five Arab mothers com­pleted the CFSQ, FNPA, and the Participant Background Survey for the first administra­tion. After 1-2 weeks, participants complet­ed the CFSQ and the FNPA for the second administration. The two administrations of the surveys allowed for test/retest reliability of the CFSQ and the FNPA and to measure the internal consistency of the two surveys. Results: Pearson’s correlation between the first and second administrations or the 19- item scale (demandingness) and the 7-item scale (responsiveness) of the CFSQ were .95 and .86, respectively. As for the FNPA, Pearson’s correlation was .80. The estimated reliabilities (Cronbach’s alpha) of the CFSQ increased from .86 for the first administra­tion to .93 for the second administration. However, the estimated reliabilities of the FNPA slightly increased from .58 for first administration to .59 for the second admin­istration. Conclusion: In our pilot study of Arab mothers, the CFSQ and FNPA were shown to be promising in terms of reliability and content validity. Ethn Dis. 2015;25(4):463- 468; doi:10.18865/ed.25.4.463
Specific and general factors in biochemical transfer of memory

Extract was collected from the brains of 18 discrimination-trained or handled-only rats (donors), and injected intracisternally into an equal number of naive rats (recipients). Mann-Whitney U tests showed no error-to-criterion differences between donors and recipients as a whole, but recipients of extract from handled-only donors made fewer errors than all other recipients (p <.025), whereas recipients trained to the discrimination identical to that of their donors made more errors than all other recipients (p <.01). Latencies and errors of recipients showed a significant negative correlation (r = −.46, p <.05). The major conclusion was that brain extracts may contain both treatment-specific and general facilitating factors.
Reversal of inhibitory activity of chlorpromazine by calcium.

SummaryChlorpromazine inhibits growth of E. coli 9723. Various compounds, either metabolites similar in structure, neurohumoral agents or substituents of coenzymes, do not reverse inhibitory activity of this “tranquilizer.” Calcium in the form of calcium-d-pantothenate, calcium chloride or calcium acetate reverses the inhibitory activity of chlorpromazine.
Vitamins Status Following Solid Organ Transplantation

Solid organ transplantation is a popular solution for many end stage organ failures. The functional evaluation of these transplanted organs is multi-factorial and involves many aspects involving organ function, overall patient wellbeing and quality of life. Literature reports on vitamin status following transplantation had been collected together in this review article. This review summarizes the current status of research in this area with focus on reported deficiencies in vitamins following solid organ transplantation. The deficiencies in either fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin D, vitamin A and vitamin K as well as water soluble vitamins like vitamin B6, vitamin B12 and thiamine have been summarized. The reported deficiencies are noteworthy and necessitate a critical evaluation and interventions in many transplantation programs
Study on Depressive Symptoms and associated Factors among 284 Migrant Female Adolescents working in restaurants

Objective To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and relationship between depressive symptoms and social capital,and social networks among migrant female adolescents working in restaurants.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 284 unmarried females who aged from 16 to 24 years old and were selected by convenience sampling.They worked in restaurants in Hefei and Bengbu,moving to cities from rural areas.Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms that were sentenced by total scores≥20.Self-compiled items were applied to assess social capital and social networks.Social capital included five dimensions and social networks included size and density.Results The average age of participants was 20.18 years old.The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 46.5%.Logistic Regression Analysis showed that with average age of participants increasing 3 years,the risk of depressive symptoms could decrease(OR=0.609).Cognitive social capital was protective factor of depressive symptoms and living with single parent or remarried parents(OR=2.542) was associated with high risk of depressive symptoms.Conclusion Public health services should pay attention to migrant female adolescents working in restaurants,especally who were younger and came from single or remarried families.Improving cognitive social capital would decrease the risk of depressive symptoms dcveloping.
Tensile Strength of Urea Resin Impregnated Paper──Resin Synthesized under Strongly Acidic Condition

The tensile Strength of the cured urea resin impregnated paper of a strong-acid catalzed urea resin with low F/Uration was investigated.Dry tensile strength was comparble with two types of ordinary-re\dsin impregnated papers.Howev-er,Wet strength was very low.The strength of strong-acid catalyzed Urea resin was Singnificant improved When cured at 145C for 3 min.
Utility of liver function tests after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Many surgeons routinely obtain liver function tests (LFTs) after all laparoscopic cholecystectomies. Others argue that LFTs provide no useful information and add time and expense to the patient's hospitalization. This purpose of this study was to determine if routine postoperative LFTs predict complications. One hundred ninety-nine consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy were included in the analysis. Nine (4.5%) patients had postoperative complications: eight with retained common bile duct stones and one with a cystic duct stump leak. All were diagnosed with postoperative endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Only four of the nine patients had hyperbilirubinemia. Overall, 39 patients had postcholecystectomy hyperbilirubinemia, with four (10%) patients having complications (three retained stones and one had a bile leak). For the entire study population, there was no difference between pre- and postoperative total bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase levels (0.6 vs 0.6 mg/dL; P = 0.623 and 25 vs 41 U/L; P = 0.111, respectively). There was a statistically significant difference in pre- and postoperative alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase (31 vs 50 U/L; P = 0.003 and 95 vs 90 U/L; P = 0.001, respectively). Postoperative elevations in liver function tests are frequently seen after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. These elevations do not predict postoperative complications. LFTs should be obtained only when clinically indicated.
Distribution and properties of angiotensin-converting enzyme in cerebral microvessels of the rabbit and rat.

1. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was threefold greater in isolated cerebral microvessels obtained from rabbit brain than rat brain. 2. ACE activity was distributed throughout the cerebral microvasculature, since differences were not found between preparations enriched in capillaries as compared with those enriched in arterioles and venules. 3. Aortic tissue from rat and rabbit had little ACE activity compared with the microvessels. 4. ACE activity was tightly associated with endothelial cells and was not released by heparin under conditions where lipoprotein lipase was effectively removed.
Neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), previously known as von Recklinghausen disease, is a neurogenetic disorder distinct from neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2). Approximately 1:2500 to 1:3500 individuals worldwide are affected, regardless of ethnicity or race. The classic manifestations of NF1 include cafe-au-lait macules, skinfold freckling, neurofibromas, brain tumors, iris hamartomas, and characteristic bony lesions. In addition, patients with NF1 are at increased risk for learning and intellectual disabilities, aqueductal stenosis, pheochromocytoma, vascular dysplasia, scoliosis, and cancer. In this chapter, we discuss the clinical and molecular features of NF1 as well as how insights into its underlying molecular pathophysiology have revealed new targets for therapeutic drug design.
An update in the nonendoscopic treatment of gastric cancer.

Purpose of review This article reviews the recent seminal studies in esophagogastric cancer. Recent findings Regular low aspirin use may reduce the risk of esophagogastric cancer. Laparoscopic resection of locally advanced gastric cancer appears equivalent to open resection. There is no survival benefit for the addition of postoperative radiation therapy to adjuvant chemotherapy after primary gastric cancer resection. For tumors of the esophagus and gastroesophageal junction, the combination of preoperative radiation therapy with concurrent chemotherapy may be required to ensure achievement of a negative surgical margin and to reduce local tumor recurrence. Epirubicin may not add benefit to fluorinated pyrimidine and platinum-based chemotherapy, either in the preoperative setting or in the treatment of metastatic disease. The Her2-targeted agents lapatinib and trastuzumab emtansine failed to improve outcome when either added to or compared with chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibition appears to be active in metastatic gastric cancer. Summary Recent studies in esophagogastric cancer help clarify the role of radiation therapy in surgical management, as well as the role of chemotherapeutic and targeted agents.
The threshold vs LNT showdown: Dose rate findings exposed flaws in the LNT model part 2. How a mistake led BEIR I to adopt LNT

This paper reveals that nearly 25 years after the National Academy of Sciences (NAS), Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) I Committee (1972) used Russell's dose-rate data to support the adoption of the linear-no-threshold (LNT) dose response model for genetic and cancer risk assessment, Russell acknowledged a significant under-reporting of the mutation rate of the historical control group. This error, which was unknown to BEIR I, had profound implications, leading it to incorrectly adopt the LNT model, which was a decision that profoundly changed the course of risk assessment for radiation and chemicals to the present.
Author's reply to Leng.

Leng provides the website address for the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines on statin use for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease and points out that linked tools support informed decision making by clinicians and patients.1 I agree that this website provides clear and useful information for patients and clinicians; I applaud all the work NICE does in this regard, which should serve as an example to other guideline developers. My brief editorial mentioned only a few points about the use of statins for …
Production Planning with Shortfall Hedging under Partial Information and Budget Constraint

We study production planning integrated with risk hedging by considering shortfall as the risk measure. In addition to the one-time production quantity decision, there is a real-time hedging strategy throughout the horizon; and the goal is to minimize the gap between a pre-specified target and the total terminal wealth achieved by both production and hedging. We assume partial information --- hedging is executed based on information from the financial market only, and impose a budget constraint to cap any loss from hedging. To find the optimal hedging strategy, we construct a dual problem, which provides a lower bound to the original problem. Solving the lower-bound problem yields the optimal terminal wealth from hedging; the real-time hedging strategy is then mapped out via martingale representation theorem. Interestingly, the optimal hedging strategy takes the form of a portfolio of two options, a digital option and a put option. With the hedging strategy optimized, we show that optimizing production quantity is a convex minimization problem. With both production and hedging optimized, we provide a complete characterization of the efficient frontier: the minimized shortfall as an increasing function of the target. We also derive an explicit quantification of the shortfall reduction achieved by hedging. Asymptotic analysis on several key parameters (such as the target, the budget, and the production quantity) generates additional insights to the hedging strategy and its impact.
The bit doesn't fit: Evaluation of a commercial activity-tracker at slower walking speeds.

Abstract Accelerometer-based commercial activity trackers are a low-cost and convenient method for monitoring and assessing health measures such as gait. However, the accuracy of these activity trackers in slow walking conditions on a minute-by-minute basis is largely unknown. In this study, the accuracy of a hip-worn commercial activity tracker (FitBit Ultra) was examined through step counts. Accuracy was evaluated through four minute trials of treadmill walking at speeds representative of older adults (0.9, 1.1, and 1.3 m/s). Minute-by-minute step count was extracted through the FitBit API and compared it to observer counted steps through video recordings. Results highlighted a significant over-reporting of steps at the highest speed, and a significant under-reporting of steps at the slowest speed, with the FitBit Ultra failing to count steps for one or more minutes at the slowest speed for 11 participants. This study highlights problems with using the FitBit Ultra by slow-walking populations, and recommends that researchers and clinicians should carefully consider the trade-off between accuracy and convenience when using commercial activity trackers with slow-walking populations.
Instruments of the Revolution: Language and Dress

The revolutionaries transformed both language and dress, for they both reflected identity. Language was to be refashioned in the revolutionary image and that entailed the adoption of a new dictionary and even a new grammar, including the use of tu instead of vous. Changes in style could trap the unwary, for language shifted with the revolutionary tides. Moreover, revolutionary dictates often did not mesh with the sensibilities of foreign governments; those sent to France often found the way littered with linguistic land mines. Like language, dress was part of the emphasis placed on transparency and an outward manifestation of civic virtue. Flouting certain sartorial conventions and wearing, for example, the tricolor implied a rejection of the international order and an affirmation of the revolutionary faith.
Comment on “A Note on Collinearity Diagnostics and Centering” by Velilla (2018)

I found “A Note on Collinearity Diagnostics and Centering” by Velilla (2018) interesting. The author proposes methods for dealing with the collinearity between the intercept and the other predictor...
From smartphone to EHR: a case report on integrating patient-generated health data

Patient-generated health data (PGHD), collected from mobile apps and devices, represents an opportunity for remote patient monitoring and timely interventions to prevent acute exacerbations of chronic illness—if data are seen and shared by care teams. This case report describes the technical aspects of integrating data from a popular smartphone platform to a commonly used EHR vendor and explores the challenges and potential of this approach for disease management. Consented subjects using the Asthma Health app (built on Apple’s ResearchKit platform) were able to share data on inhaler usage and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) with a local pulmonologist who ordered this data on Epic’s EHR. For users who had installed and activated Epic’s patient portal (MyChart) on their iPhone and enabled sharing of health data between apps via HealthKit, the pulmonologist could review PGHD and, if necessary, make recommendations. Four patients agreed to share data with their pulmonologist, though only two patients submitted more than one data point across the 4.5-month trial period. One of these patients submitted 101 PEFR readings across 65 days; another submitted 24 PEFR and inhaler usage readings across 66 days. PEFR for both patients fell within predefined physiologic parameters, except once where a low threshold notification was sent to the pulmonologist, who responded with a telephone discussion and new e-prescription to address symptoms. This research describes the technical considerations and implementation challenges of using commonly available frameworks for sharing PGHD, for the purpose of remote monitoring to support timely care interventions.
Discrete Spaces: Graphs, Lattices, and Digital Spaces

The best way to describe discrete objects is to use graphs. A graph consists of vertices and edges. The vertex usually represents a part of an object, an whole object, or the location of an object; the edge represents a relationship between two vertices. A graph can be defined as \(G=(V,E)\) where V is a set of vertices and E is a set of edges, each of which links two vertices. For a certain geometric object, e.g. a rectangle, one can draw four points on the corners and link them using four edges. The drawback of using edges is that the edge is not a geometric line and it usually does not carry a distance. A geometric space also requires a measurement of distance (the length between two points), called a metric. Therefore, people prefer to use specialized graphs such as triangulated graphs and grid graphs, to represent an object in discrete space. In this chapter, we introduce the discrete spaces made by graphs, lattices, and grid points. We briefly review some of the basic concepts related to discrete objects and discrete spaces.
A Critique of Classical Psychoanalytic Theories of Anti-Semitism: A Commentary on M. Ostrow's Myth and Madness: The Psychodynamics of Anti-Semitism

With impressive achievements in clinical psychoanalysis, psychopathology, Jewish behavior, and theology Mortimer Ostow (1996) has here pitted himself against anti-Semitism—a blaze that at times wanes, enabling Jews to enjoy a golden era, only to be set aflame anew. Elegantly, effectively, the author unravels those pivotal constructions, the perennial myths that, giving cogent narrative form to sundry animosities toward Jews, can set the match to persecutory flare-ups. Ostow recruited about twenty eminent colleagues, mostly psychoanalysts, who met regularly over a nine-year period, initially to study analytic patients who were anti-Semitic. However, even with the case presentations by visiting therapists, there was a paucity of suitable patients, and of these, only two or three were true anti-Semites as opposed to sporadically sputtering anti-Semitic sentiments. Mostly, spewing venom was triggered by a bit of trouble such as in the transference with a Jewish analyst or rivalry with or rejection by a Jew. So rather unremarkable findings resulted: No diagnostic entity predominated, true anti-Semites had more problems regulating hostility, and many patients displayed anti-Semitism that was ego-syntonic but superego-dystonic, i.e., prejudices were acknowledged but caused guilt. I wonder whether an anti-Semite in analysis is unrepresentative by virtue of being characterized by a desire to reclaim unintegrated psychic components shoved onto Jews rather than to continue his mind's partitions. Also, could other types of categories such as employed in The Authoritarian Personality (Adorno et al., 1950) turn up more correspondences of personality characteristics and anti-Semitism? Ostow does not dissemble this setback. Rather he and the group re
The Truth About Mossy Fiber Long-Term Potentiation

The mossy fiber-CA3 projection is a hippocampal pathway that is well characterized anatomically (Claiborne et al., 1986; Amaral and Witter, 1989; Chicurel and Harris, 1992; Henze et al., 2000), yet the functional involvement of this pathway in synaptic plasticity and learning remain controversial. In this chapter we address several of these issues and review current findings regarding the role of the mossy fibers in hippocampal function.
Long-term relationships between adolescent intense work and deviance: Are there differences by social class?

Abstract An abundance of research has examined relationships between work and delinquency in adolescence, yet few have considered if adolescent work is associated with long-term deviant outcomes. This is unfortunate as work may constitute an early exit of adolescence and lead youth down deviant pathways by limiting the development of social and human capital in school and family domains. This study uses data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) (N = 3749) to examine relationships between intense adolescent work and several deviant outcomes in adulthood using logistic regression. This study also incorporates interactions to test for moderation by social class. Results find that those who consistently worked intense hours in adolescence report more binge drinking in young adulthood than others, and that this relationship is weaker for those from higher social class backgrounds.
Com-Posting Experimental Futures: Pragmatists Making (Odd)Kin with New Materialists

Here I craft a case for recognizing the roots and patterns that ground the possibility of contemporary com-posting—as outlined in Donna Haraway’s Staying with the Trouble—by New Materialists and critical pragmatists, especially those who are affected by the social injustices and ill-advised practices of today’s formal education. I explore both Spinozan Ethics and American pragmatism (and the ways each seems to be and mean more in their juxtaposition and interaction) in order to fashion a pattern that affects educational thought and action. That pattern of affect/affecting is one Haraway calls “attunement” (via Vinciane Despret), a state of co-relation that makes “unexpected feats possible.” My goal is to encourage those educational theorists who dwell in a critical pragmatist archive and those who dwell in a New Materialist archive to “make kin,” to learn to play string figures with a companion species, as they com-post educational possibility in a world(view) where agency is both more limited and more widely-distributed.
Life history theory and human behavior: Testing associations between environmental harshness, life history strategies and testosterone

Abstract This study was a test of associations between measures of harsher environments and indicators of a “faster” life history strategy, including higher aggression, risk taking and a sociosexuality preference for short term and uncommitted sexual relationships. Hypotheses were derived from previous literature in evolutionary psychology proposing that harsher environments promote these faster life history strategies. Additionally, due to the potential for testosterone to act as a hormonal mechanism calibrating life history strategies, associations were tested between salivary testosterone and harsher environments and faster life history strategy indicators. Based on a sample of young adult male undergraduates (n = 99), the results of this study do not support hypothesized associations between harsher environments and faster life history strategies. The majority of tests between environmental harshness and life history strategy indicators were non-significant, with two being significant in the expected direction and one being significant in the unexpected direction. However, none of these remained significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons. There were no significant associations between testosterone and environmental harshness or life history strategy indicators. The results of this study suggest reconsideration of current uses of life history theory within evolutionary psychology intended to explain relationships between environments and psychology and behavior.
Women harmed by vaginal laser for treatment of GSM-the latest casualties of fear and confusion surrounding hormone therapy.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) represents a highly prevalent condition in menopausal women which impairs quality of life. Unless treated, GSM is chronic and progressive.
Continuous achromatic flat subwavelength grating lens over whole visible bandwidths

One of the major challenges for emerging planar subwavelength micro lens/metasurfaces is the significant chromatic behavior due to phase mismatch of subwavelength phase shifters. In this work, the continuous achromatic micro lens covering the whole visible wavelength is demonstrated for the first time based on relatively low index contrast gratings. Based on the unique chromatic phase shift behavior of polymer nano structure, we have designed and fabricated a broadband continuous subwavelength achromatic microlens that can cover 250 nm of visible bandwidths (from 435 nm to 685 nm) with focal shift less than 5%. Our works represent the first time to design, fabricate and characterize micro scale lens (7 microns in size) promising for compact integrated nanophotonic devices on chip. There are many advantages of using a polymer based micro lens such as easy fabrication on flexible substrate and potential applications including imaging, spectroscopy, lithography, laser fabrication and future integrated wearable devices.
Imaging of Children with Cancer Predisposition Syndromes

Five to ten percent of all pediatric tumors are associated with a genetic predisposition. In this chapter, we will discuss the main imaging examinations used in the evaluation of specific cancer predisposition syndromes (CPS) including Wilms’ tumor predisposition syndromes, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, and neurofibromatosis type 1, as well as more rare syndromes that have specific features, including DICER1 mutations, familial paraganglioma syndromes, and multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes. Currently, ultrasound (US) and whole-body MRI (WBMRI) are the main modalities utilized for tumor surveillance in these children with cancer predisposition syndromes. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound and WBMRI with positron emission tomography (PET) are emerging as adjunct imaging tools in oncological imaging. In our discussion, we will also highlight the advantages and limitations of US and WBMRI and emphasize the importance of expert imaging interpretation and appropriate communication to clinicians and families.
RETURN TO SPORT PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE TESTING IN CHILDREN - BUILDING POPULATION NORMS:

Purpose/Hypothesis:Return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in children is associated with a much higher risk (˜30%) of subsequent ACL injury than in adults. In a...
Cosmochemistry: Cosmochemical and geochemical fractionations

Overview Various processes that lead to the separation of elements from each other, or isotopes of the same element from each other, are considered. Examples of such processes are evaporation and condensation (which separate elements based on volatility), melting and crystallization, physical mixing and unmixing of components, and changes in redox conditions. We explain the basics of equilibrium condensation and how condensation sequences are calculated, and discuss the applicability of the condensation theory to the early solar nebula. We explore whether processes that separated elements as a function of their volatility occurred under equilibrium conditions, or were kinetically controlled. Isotopic fractionations may accompany volatility-controlled fractionations under specific conditions and can be diagnostic to inferring the formation conditions for various objects. The roles of other types of elemental fractionations in the solar system are also discussed, including the physical sorting and segregation of chondrite components and the element fractionations resulting from melting, crystallization, and planetary differentiation. Finally, we explore how light stable isotopes have been fractionated in the nebula, in the interstellar medium, and in planetesimals and planets, and show why elemental fractionations are critical for using radioactive isotopes as chronometers. What are chemical fractionations and why are they important? The solar system formed from a well-mixed collection of gas and dust inherited from its parent molecular cloud. The bulk composition of this material, as best we can know it, is given by the solar system abundances of elements and isotopes (Tables 4.1 and 4.2).
Rehydrated, Lyophilized Platelets Generate Thrombin in the Presence of Recombinant Factor VIIa.

Abstract The anti-bleeding therapy, recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa), is thought to bind to the platelet's surface and increase thrombin generation in hemophilia. However, high plasma levels of rFVIIa are required, in part, due to the weak binding of rFVIIa to platelets. We hypothesized that the efficacy of the therapy could be improved by administering rFVIIa already bound to platelets. A recently described protocol involving pretreatment of platelets with paraformaldehyde permits platelets to be lyophilized while preserving many platelet functions. Such platelets could be used for binding rFVIIa ex vivo and then administered to hemophilic patients during a bleeding event. In this study, we have characterized the ability of reconstituted, lyophilized (RL) platelets to support thrombin generation under normal and hemophilic conditions and in the presence of rFVIIa. First, freshly-isolated (control) or RL platelets were incubated with factors IXa, VIII(a), X, V and II in the presence of 3 mM CaCl2 and assayed for thrombin generation. In these assays, both freshly-isolated and RL platelets supported thrombin generation (1.15x10−4 +/− 5.37x10−5 mOD/min2/platelet and 8.46x10−3 +/− 4.78x10−3 mOD/min2/platelet, respectively). In the absence of factor IX (hemophilia B), thrombin generation was significantly reduced on both freshly-isolated and RL platelets (4.19x10−6 +/− 4.50x10−6 mOD/min2/platelet and 8.25x10−4 +/− 1.13x10−6 mOD/min2/platelet, respectively). Interestingly, RL platelets supported 10 – 100-fold higher thrombin generation rates than fresh thrombin-activated platelets. Second, we examined the activity of rFVIIa on RL platelets in the absence of factors IX and VIII. RFVIIa increased thrombin generation on RL platelets in a rFVIIa-concentration dependent manner (between 1nM and 150nM), similar to that seen when using fresh platelets. An inhibitory anti-tissue factor (TF) antibody did not affect rFVIIa-mediated thrombin generation on RL platelets, indicating that the activity of rFVIIa on RL platelets is independent of TF. Finally, we examined the effect of different platelet agonists (thrombin, convulxin, and A23187) on fresh and RL platelets. When fresh platelets are stimulated with A23187 or co-stimulated with thrombin and convulxin, they become more procoagulant than platelets activated with thrombin alone. However, stimulation of RL platelets with A23187 or co-stimulation with thrombin and convulxin did not increase thrombin generation versus thrombin alone. RL platelets stimulated with thrombin, alone, had 3.1-fold higher activity than thrombin- and convulxin-costimulated fresh platelets, but 1.4-fold lower activity than A23187-stimulated fresh platelets. These data suggest that RL platelets are in a maximally active state prior to the addition of platelet agonists. We conclude that RL platelets are procoagulant and can support rFVIIa-mediated thrombin generation in the absence of factor IX. We hypothesize that co-administration of RL platelets with rFVIIa may increase the efficacy of rFVIIa treatment.
CRISPR-Cas12a has widespread off-target and dsDNA-nicking effects

Cas12a (Cpf1) is an RNA-guided endonuclease in the bacterial type V-A CRISPR-Cas anti-phage immune system that can be repurposed for genome editing. Cas12a can bind and cut dsDNA targets with high specificity in vivo, making it an ideal candidate for expanding the arsenal of enzymes used in precise genome editing. However, this reported high specificity contradicts Cas12a's natural role as an immune effector against rapidly evolving phages. Here, we employed high-throughput in vitro cleavage assays to determine and compare the native cleavage specificities and activities of three different natural Cas12a orthologs (FnCas12a, LbCas12a, and AsCas12a). Surprisingly, we observed pervasive sequence-specific nicking of randomized target libraries, with strong nicking of DNA sequences containing up to four mismatches in the Cas12a-targeted DNA-RNA hybrid sequences. We also found that these nicking and cleavage activities depend on mismatch type and position and vary with Cas12a ortholog and CRISPR RNA sequence. Our analysis further revealed robust nonspecific nicking of dsDNA when Cas12a is activated by binding to a target DNA. Together, our findings reveal that Cas12a has multiple nicking activities against dsDNA substrates and that these activities vary among different Cas12a orthologs.
Mechanisms underlying selective coupling of endothelial Ca2+ signals with eNOS vs. IK/SK channels in systemic and pulmonary arteries.

KEY POINTS Endothelial cell TRPV4 (TRPV4EC ) channels exert a dilatory effect on the resting diameter of resistance mesenteric and pulmonary arteries. Functional intermediate- and small-conductance K+ (IK and SK) channels and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) are present in the endothelium of mesenteric and pulmonary arteries. TRPV4EC sparklets preferentially couple with IK/SK channels in mesenteric arteries and with eNOS in pulmonary arteries. TRPV4EC channels co-localize with IK/SK channels in mesenteric arteries but not in pulmonary arteries, which may explain TRPV4EC -IK/SK channel coupling in mesenteric arteries and its absence in pulmonary arteries. The presence of the nitric oxide-scavenging protein, haemoglobin α, limits TRPV4EC -eNOS signalling in mesenteric arteries. Spatial proximity of TRPV4EC channels with eNOS and the absence of haemoglobin α favour TRPV4EC -eNOS signalling in pulmonary arteries. ABSTRACT Spatially localized Ca2+ signals activate Ca2+ -sensitive intermediate- and small-conductance K+ (IK and SK) channels in some vascular beds and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in others. The present study aimed to uncover the signalling organization that determines selective Ca2+ signal to vasodilatory target coupling in the endothelium. Resistance-sized mesenteric arteries (MAs) and pulmonary arteries (PAs) were used as prototypes for arteries with predominantly IK/SK channel- and eNOS-dependent vasodilatation, respectively. Ca2+ influx signals through endothelial transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4EC ) channels played an important role in controlling the baseline diameter of both MAs and PAs. TRPV4EC channel activity was similar in MAs and PAs. However, the TRPV4 channel agonist GSK1016790A (10 nm) selectively activated IK/SK channels in MAs and eNOS in PAs, revealing preferential TRPV4EC -IK/SK channel coupling in MAs and TRPV4EC -eNOS coupling in PAs. IK/SK channels co-localized with TRPV4EC channels at myoendothelial projections (MEPs) in MAs, although they lacked the spatial proximity necessary for their activation by TRPV4EC channels in PAs. Additionally, the presence of the NO scavenging protein haemoglobin α (Hbα) within nanometer proximity to eNOS limits TRPV4EC -eNOS signalling in MAs. By contrast, co-localization of TRPV4EC channels and eNOS at MEPs, and the absence of Hbα, favour TRPV4EC -eNOS coupling in PAs. Thus, our results reveal that differential spatial organization of signalling elements determines TRPV4EC -IK/SK vs. TRPV4EC -eNOS coupling in resistance arteries.