cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The challenges of modelling antibody repertoire dynamics in HIV infection

Antibody affinity maturation by somatic hypermutation of B-cell immunoglobulin variable region genes has been studied for decades in various model systems using well-defined antigens. While much is known about the molecular details of the process, our understanding of the selective forces that generate affinity maturation are less well developed, particularly in the case of a co-evolving pathogen such as HIV. Despite this gap in understanding, high-throughput antibody sequence data are increasingly being collected to investigate the evolutionary trajectories of antibody lineages in HIV-infected individuals. Here, we review what is known in controlled experimental systems about the mechanisms underlying antibody selection and compare this to the observed temporal patterns of antibody evolution in HIV infection. We describe how our current understanding of antibody selection mechanisms leaves questions about antibody dynamics in HIV infection unanswered. Without a mechanistic understanding of antibody selection in the context of a co-evolving viral population, modelling and analysis of antibody sequences in HIV-infected individuals will be limited in their interpretation and predictive ability.
Estimated insulin sensitivity predicts incident micro- and macrovascular complications in adults with type 1 diabetes over 6 years: the coronary artery calcification in type 1 diabetes study

Abstract Objective Reduced insulin sensitivity (IS) is well documented in type 1 diabetes (T1D) and may contribute to vascular complications. We examined the association of estimated IS (eIS) with incident macro- and microvascular complications in adults with T1D in the prospective CACTI study. Methods Participants (N = 652) were 19–56 years old at baseline and re-examined 6.2 ± 0.6 years later. Urinary albumin excretion was measured, and categorized as microalbuminuria or greater. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) was based on self-reported history, proliferative DR (PDR) as history of laser eye therapy and coronary artery calcium (CAC) was measured using electron-beam CT. Progression of CAC was defined as a change in the square root transformed CAC volume score of ≥ 2.5. IS was estimated (eIS) by an equation derived from clamp studies. Predictors of each complication were examined using stepwise logistic regression and subjects with complications at baseline excluded. Age, T1D duration, sex, HbA1c, SBP, LDL-C, and eIS were considered for inclusion. Results Greater eIS at baseline predicted lower odds of developing albuminuria (OR: 0.67, 95% CI 0.51–0.88), DR (OR 0.79, 0.64–0.97), PDR (OR: 0.76, 0.57–0.99) and CACp (OR: 0.71, 0.60–0.85) in multivariable models. Conclusions Greater eIS conferred protection from the development of vascular complications over 6-years in T1D.
A stochastic model for managing an assemble-to-order system

One of the important things that can be attributed to the modernization and advances in technology is to customize manufacturing of the product to the needs of the users. In this paper a common customization production approach, assemble-to-order system, is analyzed. We assume that the demands for the components arrive according to independent Poisson processes and those of the end product follow a versatile point process. The production times are assumed to be exponentially distributed. Due to complexity of the model under study, we will resort to simulation to identify the inventory allocation and production decisions. The simulation approach determines the expected total cost and some key system performance measures for various types of demand processes. Using (s, S)-type inventory and threshold policies for inventory rationing we study an optimization problem. Some interesting numerical examples to bring out the qualitative nature of the demand process (for end products) are presented.
Costarica Mengual & Thompson, 2009 (Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae) junior homonym of Costarica Kocak & Kemal, 2008 (Insecta: Orthoptera): proposed replacement by Tiquicia nom. nov.

The name, Costarica Mengual and Thompson, 2009, was originally proposed for an endemic Costa Rican species, Allograpta zumbadoi Thompson, 2000 (Thompson et al. 2000). Unfortunately, this name was earlier used as a replacement name for Rowellia Carbonell, 2002, a grasshopper, by Kocak and Kemal (2008). Under the provisions of Article 60 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), I herewith propose Tiquicia nom. nov. as a replacement name for the junior homonym Costarica Mengual and Thompson, 2009. The new genus-group name is a Spanish noun used for the country where "ticos" live, that is, Costa Rica. The gender is to be treated as feminine. The type species (Allograpta zumbadoi Thompson) and diagnosis remain as originally given (Mengual et al. 2009; Thompson et al. 2000). However, I now consider all of the Allograpta subgenera previously recognized (Mengual et al. 2009) to be genera. This includes: Antillus Vockeroth, Claraplumula Shannon, Fazia Shannon, Rhinoprosopa Hull and Tiquicia.
Hypochondriasis and Somatization Disorder

with physical complaints will have no definitive explanation for their ailment (Kroenke and Mangelsdorff, 1989). The patients present with distress from fatigue, chest pain, cough, back pain, shortness of breath, and a host of other painful or worrisome bodily concerns. For most, the physician’s expressing interest, taking a thorough history, doing a physical examination, and offering reassurance, a modest intervention, or a pharmacologic prescription suffices to assuage the patient’s pain, anxiety, and physical distress. But for some, these simple measures fall short of their expected result, marking the beginning of what may become a chronic search for relief, including frequent anxiety-filled visits to more than one physician, and in extreme cases even multiple hospitalizations and possibly surgery. The longer and more persistently this pattern appears, the more likely it will generate referrals to specialists for expert consultation, greater frustration in both the primary physician and the patient, and ultimately dysfunctional patient–physician relationships with inappropriate labeling of the patient as a “problem” or “difficult” patient, and perhaps even worse (Lipsitt, 1970). This pattern of medical care seeking has been well documented for hundreds of years, accompanied by earnest attempts to understand and describe the phenomenon. Robert Burton’s (1621) Anatomy of Melancholy described the melancholic and hypochondriacal person. Crediting Hippocrates, Galen, and others, Burton described hypochondriasis (or “windy melancholy”) as an illness that “most commonly [begins with] fear, grief, and some sudden commotion, or 14
“It's not like your home”: Homeless Encampments, Housing Projects, and the Struggle over Domestic Space

Based on an analysis of housing projects and homeless encampments in Fresno, California, this paper argues that both anti-homeless policing and housing provision mutually constrain homeless people's expressions of home, such that struggles over domestic space have become integral to the contemporary politics of US homelessness. In particular, this article asserts that contemporary homelessness policy is marked by a clash between competing visions of home. While housing projects in Fresno are based on a model of privatized and surveilled apartments, people who lived in local encampments often asserted alternative notions of home grounded in community rather than family, mutual care rather than institutional care, and appropriation rather than consumption. Meanwhile, local officials viewed such alternative domestic spaces as non-homes worthy of destruction. Rather than valorizing domestic struggles above public or institutional struggles, this article seeks to move beyond geographic binaries to more holistically approach the politics of US homelessness.
Muscle and motor neuron ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor α together maintain adult motor neuron axons in vivo.

The molecular mechanisms maintaining adult motor innervation are comparatively unexplored relative to those involved during development. In addition to the fundamental neuroscience question, this area has important clinical ramifications given that loss of neuromuscular contact is thought to underlie several adult onset human neuromuscular diseases including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Indirect evidence suggests that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptors may contribute to adult motor neuron axon maintenance. To directly address this in vivo, we used adult onset mouse genetic disruption techniques to deplete motor neuron and muscle CNTF receptor α (CNTFRα), the essential ligand binding subunit of the receptor, and incorporated reporters labelling affected motor neuron axons and terminals. The combined depletion of motor neuron and muscle CNTFRα produced a large loss of motor neuron terminals and retrograde labelling of motor neurons with FluoroGold indicated axon die-back well beyond muscle, together revealing an essential role for CNTFRα in adult motor axon maintenance. In contrast, selective depletion of motor neuron CNTFRα did not affect motor innervation. These data, along with our previous work indicating no effect of muscle specific CNTFRα depletion on motor innervation, suggest that motor neuron and muscle CNTFRα function in concert to maintain motor neuron axons. The data also raise the possibility of motor neuron and/or muscle CNTFRα as therapeutic targets for adult neuromuscular denervating diseases.
The N-Terminal Amphipathic Helix of Endophilin Does Not Contribute to Its Molecular Curvature Generation Capacity.

N-BAR proteins such as endophilin are thought to bend lipid membranes via scaffolding (the molding of membranes through the crescent protein shape) and membrane insertion (also called wedging) of amphipathic helices. However, the contributions from these distinct mechanisms to membrane curvature generation and sensing have remained controversial. Here we quantitatively demonstrate that the amphipathic N-terminal H0 helix of endophilin is important for recruiting this protein to the membrane, but does not contribute significantly to its intrinsic membrane curvature generation capacity. These observations elevate the importance of the scaffolding mechanism, rather than H0 insertion, for the membrane curvature generation by N-BAR domains. Furthermore, consistent with the thermodynamically required coupling between curvature generation and sensing, we observed that the H0-truncated N-BAR domain is capable of sensing membrane curvature. Overall, our contribution clarifies an important mechanistic controversy i...
Complete Genome Sequence of Edwardsiella hoshinae ATCC 35051.

ABSTRACT Edwardsiella hoshinae is a Gram-negative facultative anaerobe that has primarily been isolated from avians and reptiles. We report here the complete and annotated genome sequence of an isolate from a monitor lizard (Varanus sp.), which contains a chromosome of 3,811,650 bp and no plasmids.
Spatial Behavior of Temperature Fields at Nanoscale

This chapter involves the heating of a single nanoparticle that absorbs the radiation to generate heat, which is then transferred via conduction to the surrounding medium. This entails solving the heat flow equations for both the particle and surrounding fluid, while satisfying the boundary condition at the edge of the nanoparticle. In this chapter, we model 3D thermal fields within and around a plasmonic nanoparticle and cell organelles surrounded by biological medium heated by radiation. This chapter contains material adapted from our publications [2, 3]. A detailed list of references and reviews on a given topic of this chapter can be found in those original papers.
The Case of the Piglet's Paternity: Trials from the New Haven Colony, 1639‐1663 Jon C. Blue. Wesleyan University Press, 2015.

The Case of the Piglet's Paternity: Trials from the New Haven Colony, 1639-1663 Jon C. Blue. Wesleyan University Press, 2015.The Case of the Piglet's Paternity: Trials from the New Haven Colony, 1639-1663 sheds light on the social, cultural, legal, and moral lives of the Puritans. The Case of the Piglet's Paternity is named after a notorious sex case in which a man was brought to trial after having been accused of having sex with a pig and producing a piglet that looked like him in the face. From examining language use, what is revealed or left unsaid, the charges against the individual and the punishments, as well as the guiding principles and beliefs of the judges and how the court system worked, Jon C. Blue, judge of the Connecticut Superior Court, has recovered forgotten court records published almost two centuries ago and has vividly reconstructed the trials and recorded testimony. Examining thirty-three cases that occurred between 1639 and 1663, the author has written not just a legal history, a modern record of the past, but has written an engaging and intelligent microhistory of this time period and colony that nonlegal scholars can understand.Blue reveals the humans involved-from privateers to Quakers, from farmhands to shoemakers, men, women, and children. The individuals in the various cases often reappear in other ones. He points out how this colonial judicial system was both ahead of and behind its contemporary peers in England and other colonies, where it differed in its decision making process, and even how it looked as a forerunner to the current US system. The legal issues at hand range from witchcraft to bestiality to sinful behavior, and the ages of the characters vary as well. The introduction examines the creation of the colony and the judicial system at New Haven Colony in order to lay the groundwork for understanding the cases brought to trial and why they were handled the way they were or heard at all.Each of the cases is fascinating in its own way, from what it says, or doesn't say, about an individual's rights and the cultural expectations. Some cases are all too frustratingly familiar. Blue examines a sexual harassment case of Goodwife Fancy who worked for other families doing menial labor. Culturally, Goodwife Fancy had three strikes against belief in her testimony: she was female, she was of low station, and she had a criminal record. This problematic cultural bias will ring familiar to readers who pay attention to the news today. Though Goodwife Fancy's employer, Mark Meggs, was found guilty of a "'sinful and lustful attempt'" (61), and he was dealt a whipping, Goodwife Fancy and her husband were both severely whipped on the orders of the court as well. …
Chapter 5 – Organization

Teaching learners to be organized is something that can begin when they are young. Caregivers and practitioners can come up with organizational schemes that their young children are expected to start following early. This chapter presents lessons that can help practitioners, educators, and parents teach organization skills to learners, such as cleaning their bedroom, organizing homework and school supplies, and organizing their personal spaces. Specifically, step-by-step procedures for teaching learners to organize their bedroom, bathroom, school backpack, and desk are outlined. This chapter also explains how to teach learners to identify what items to keep, throw away, donate to charity, put in storage, and move to another room. Data sheets and graphs are provided for tracking progress.
Mobile Location-Based Recommender: An Advertisement Case Study

Mobile devices, including cell phones, capable of geo-positioning (or localization) are paving the way for new computer assisted systems called mobile location-based recommenders (MLBRs). MLBRs are systems that combine information on user's location with information about user's interests and requests to provide recommendations that are based on "location". MLBR applications are numerous and emerging. One MLBR application is in advertisement where stores announce their coupons and users try to find the coupons of their interests nearby their locations through their cell phones. This chapter discusses the concept and characteristics of MLBRs and presents the architecture and components of a MLBR for advertisement. © 2011, IGI Global.
Finite-basis theorems and a computation-integrated approach to obstruction set isolation

Recent advances in well-partial-order theory, especially the seminal contributions of Robertson and Seymour, make tools available that establish only the existence of polynomial-time decision algorithms. The finite-basis theorems that are the engine of these developments are inherently nonconstructive, providing no effective means for capturing the obstruction sets on which these polynomial-time algorithms are based. In this paper, we use a well-studied matrix permutation problem to describe an approach to obstruction set isolation that makes essential use of the computer in a mathematical proof. (In fact, the task of identifying such obstruction sets appears to pose many “4CT-like” problems for which computational assistance is vital.) We also discuss an approach based on a computational “learning” paradigm that incorporates a fundamental component of computer-aided obstruction identification with self-reduction to obtain known polynomial-time algorithms that do not depend on the knowledge of an entire obstruction set.
Identification with the foreign company: the influence of CSR and consumer ethnocentrism

Previous literature has explored how ethnocentrism influences consumers' attitudes and behaviour toward foreign products; however, few studies have explored whether ethnocentrism diminishes the effect of a foreign firm's corporate social responsibility (CSR) on consumers' purchase intention and the role of consumer-foreign company identification in the CSR-purchase intention relationship. Motivated by this gap in the research, the current study explores these relationships using survey data from American consumers. The results reveal that consumer ethnocentrism moderates the effect of CSR on purchase intention. The results also demonstrate that consumers' identification with the foreign company mediates the effect of CSR and purchase intention. Implications for managers of multinational enterprises are discussed, as are avenues for future research.
Imagination and the Poetics of Being and Becoming an Other in Amazonia

This essay considers the role of the imagination in the envisioning and poetic construction of future being and becoming in Amazonia. Poetic construction is the process whereby the assembled forms that emerge from the imagination are brought out into the world of the senses. Imaginative envisioning and poetic construction are the means by which diverse ontologies of humans, animals, and spirits are articulated into particular visions of future transformation that posit a becoming from humanity to otherness in Amazonia. This essay seeks to elucidate the conscious processes through which cosmological ideas are imaginatively envisioned and poetically constructed by Amazonian societies as visions of future transformation and becoming from human to nonhuman being.
Netflix Approach to Governance: Genuine Transparency with the Board

The hallmark of good corporate governance is an independent board of directors to oversee management. However, it is not clear that independent directors receive the information they need to make fully informed decisions on all key matters. Partly, this is due to an information gap, whereby outside directors know substantially less about the business and market because of their limited exposure to the day-to-day activities of the company. Netflix has devised a unique approach to information sharing with the goal of significantly increasing transparency among the CEO, executive team, and board of directors: Board members attend senior management meetings throughout the year, and board presentations are structured as online memos in narrative form with direct links to supporting analysis as well as all data and information on the company’s internal shared systems. We examine these practices in detail and ask: • Does greater transparency improve board decisions? • Would other boards benefit from more active interaction with management and an open view of its decision-making processes? • How transferable is the Netflix approach to other companies? • What qualities are required of a CEO to be willing to engage with board members in this manner? • Could a company adopt one of these practices and not the other and still benefit from greater transparency? Note: The Stanford Closer Look series is a collection of short case studies through which we explore topics, issues, and controversies in corporate governance and executive leadership. In each study, we take a targeted look at a specific issue that is relevant to the current debate on governance and explain why it is so important. Larcker and Tayan are co-authors of the books Corporate Governance Matters and A Real Look at Real World Corporate Governance.
Toward a taxonomy and unified construct of responsibility

Abstract The academic literature provides diverse approaches to the study of the responsibility construct. We conducted a brief review of the literature from various disciplines of responsibility: morality, leadership, work design, extrarole behaviors, and education. We then proposed a taxonomy of the different conceptualizations of responsibility and conducted a lexical analysis to identify its manifestations. We next focused on individual responsibility and conducted a series of forty qualitative interviews with leaders. From the literature review and the semi-structured interviews, we propose that responsibility is a multidimensional construct with six manifestations: accountability, commitment, concern for others, dependability, initiative, and receptivity. We put forth an integrative model of the construct, along with 16 propositions that describe the relationships in the model and offer avenues for future research.
Gastric evacuation rates and maximum daily rations of rainbow trout fed chironomid larvae at 7.8, 10.0 and 12.8°C

Gastric evacuation rate (GER) and maximum daily ration (CMAX) data for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, are scant, particularly those that apply to field populations of this species. We determined GERs and CMAXs of rainbow trout (approx. 160-300 mm TL, 40-300 g live weight), fed chironomid larvae at 7.8, 10.0 and 12.8°C. Primary GER and CMAX results are provided so they can be readily compared and combined with data from related studies. Disclosure of primary data should facilitate development of predictive equations for GER and CMAX that are applicable to the broad array of conditions under which rainbow trout exist. Our GERs at 10°C were intermediate to but different from most reported in other such studies of rainbow trout at this temperature where different food types were used. Our CMAX values for rainbow trout were substantially higher than those reported in a previous study, and we argue that our values are probably more appropriate for stream-dwelling populations. We also provide evidence that Elliott's (1972, 1975) equations for predicting GER and CMAX in brown trout, Salmo trutta, should not be applied to rainbow trout as has been done in some studies.
Multiproduct Newsvendor Problem with Customer-Driven Demand Substitution: A Stochastic Integer Program Perspective

This paper studies a multiproduct newsvendor problem with customer-driven demand substitution, where each product, once run out of stock, can be proportionally substituted by the others. This probl...
Discovery of conical intersection mediated photochemistry with growing string methods

Conical intersections (CIs) are important features of photochemistry that determine yields and selectivity. Traditional CI optimizers require significant human effort and chemical intuition, which typically restricts searching to only a small region of the CI space. Herein, a systematic approach utilizing the growing string method is introduced to locate multiple CIs. Unintuitive MECI are found using driving coordinates that can be generated using a combinatorial search, and subsequent optimization allows reaction pathways, transition states, products, and seam-space pathways to be located. These capabilities are demonstrated by application to two prototypical photoisomerization reactions and the dimerization of butadiene. In total, many reaction pathways were uncovered, including the elusive stilbene hula-twist mechanism, and a previously unidentified product in butadiene dimerization. Overall, these results suggest that growing string methods provide a predictive strategy for exploring photochemistry.
Pediatrician attitudes and practices regarding postpartum depression screening: Training and interprofessional collaboration needed

Abstract Objectives Although research suggest that managing postpartum depression (PPD) is feasible and effective in pediatric settings, it is important to assess pediatricians' attitudes and practices regarding PPD screening and interprofessional collaboration. This paper presents the results of a survey among pediatricians in a large city in the southwest U.S. Methods A 20-item questionnaire was developed to examine pediatricians’ attitudes and practice on PPD screening and interprofessional collaboration. Results While most pediatricians expressed positive attitudes towards addressing new mothers’ depressive symptoms, only 69 (66.3%) recalled the latest case in which they recognized a mother at risk of PPD. Among the 69 pediatricians, nine (13%) reported that they referred new mothers to on-site mental health professionals (MHPs), and eight of the nine MHPs are social workers. Lack of time (84%) and being unfamiliar with available mental health resources (53.5%) are two major barriers that prevented pediatricians from initiating PPD screening in their practice. Twenty-three pediatricians (22.1%) received PPD training in the past year. Pediatricians with training scored significantly higher on their confidence in assessing PPD (t (36) = 3.218, p = .002) and knowledge of diagnostic criteria of depression (t(45) = 4.108, p Conclusion Implementation of PPD training will help pediatricians improve the efficiency of screening. Social workers are the main source of on-site MHPs in pediatric settings. We recommend moving towards an interprofessional collaboration and an integrated screening-referral-intervention model where on-site social workers could provide further assessment and interventions after pediatricians’ screening and referral.
Multiple mechanisms underlie increased cardiac late sodium current.

Background We recently reported a quantitative relationship between the degree of functional perturbation reported in the literature for 356 variants in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A and the penetrance of resulting arrhythmia phenotypes. In the course of that work, we identified multiple SCN5A variants, including R1193Q, that are common in populations but are reported in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells to generate large late sodium current (INa-L). Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the functional properties of R1193Q with those of the well-studied type 3 long QT syndrome mutation ΔKPQ. Methods We compared functional properties of SCN5A R1193Q with those of ΔKPQ in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells at baseline and after exposure to intracellular phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3), which inhibits INa-L generated by decreased Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity. We also used CRISPR/Cas9 editing to generate R1193Q in human-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated to cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs). Results Both R1193Q and ΔKPQ generated robust INa-L in CHO cells. PIP3 abrogated the late current phenotype in R1193Q cells but had no effect on ΔKPQ. Homozygous R1193Q hiPSC-CMs displayed increased INa-L and long action potentials with frequent triggered beats, which were reversed with the addition of PIP3. Conclusion The consistency between the late current produced in HEK cells, CHO cells, and hiPSC-CMs suggests that the late current is a feature of the SCN5A R1193Q variant in human cardiomyocytes but that the mechanism by which the late current is produced is distinct and indirect, as compared with the more highly penetrant ΔKPQ. These data suggest that observing a late current in an in vitro setting does not necessarily translate to highly pathogenic type 3 long QT syndrome phenotype but depends on the underlying mechanism.
Effect of Curcumin Supplementation on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, Muscle Damage, and Muscle Soreness.

AbstractCurcumin has been shown to reduce exercise-induced oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of curcumin supplementation on OS, in...
Insights into a Greener Stimuli-Responsive Fracturing Fluid for Geothermal Energy Recovery

Our group has recently developed StimuFrac, a nontoxic stimuli-responsive fracturing fluid consisting on a CO2-reactive polymer which has been shown at the lab-scale to consistently fracture rock c...
A multidisciplinary and parent-useful approach to assessment and diagnosis: Creating a road map for professionals, parents, and better outcomes for children

Abstract When a child's development is derailed by a disorder such as autism spectrum disorder, it can be difficult and confusing for both professionals and parents. In part, this is because there are inconsistencies and challenges in how to obtain a comprehensive understanding of a child's strengths and weaknesses. There are also difficulties with how to make meaning for the parents out of the information, to move forward most effectively. A multidisciplinary approach, which centers on individual differences and includes evaluations from a range of professionals from different domains, collaborating as a team, offers the most comprehensive approach in understanding the whole child. This includes working with the child over time, integrating all the information, and imparting results to parents in a manner that is culturally informed and in a meaningful context to the family.
The upper atmosphere as a multiple refractive medium for neutral air motions

Under the influence of gravity and heat conduction four plane characteristic waves obliquely incident on a horizontally stratified atmosphere can propagate, two of them upward and the two other downward. The tu70 pairs of characteristic waves are the well known acoustic-gravity waves and the heat conduction waves. Molecular viscosity generates two further pairs of characteristic waves, the ordinary and the extraordinary viscosity waves. Ion drag and Coriolis force make the atmosphere anisotropic with respect to the characteristic waves. Their propagation characteristics fo r east to wes t and north to south propagation differ from each other. Some analytical solutions of the eigenvalues of these eight characteristic waves are given in this paper. Numerical calculations of the eigenvalues depending on the parameters of the thermosphere, on frequency, azimuth and on angle of incidence are presented and discussed in some detail.
THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF A VIRTUAL VISIT PROGRAM FOR ADULTS WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Specialized adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) care decreases mortality for this growing patient population. Telemedicine has emerged as a strategy to increase access to subspecialty care. We describe the successful implementation of synchronous videoconferencing virtual visits to increase ACHD
A Sequential Approach for Sparse Support Recovery using Correlation Priors

Recovering the support of a sparse vector from its linear underdetermined noisy measurements is a fundamental problem in signal processing and statistics. In many applications, one has the additional ability to design the rows of measurement matrix based on already collected measurements, giving rise to concept of adaptive support recovery. Compared to traditional batch support recovery, adaptive settings generally have a better performance in presence of noise, and have lower computational complexity. When only a single measurement vector is available, it has been shown that both in adaptive and batch settings, one cannot recover supports of size k>M, where M is the size of measurement vector. However, in presence of L> 1 measurement vectors, and certain additional statistical assumptions, we have shown that one can recover supports of size $k = \mathcal{O}\left( {{M^2}} \right)$, when batch measurements are available. This paper considers the unexplored case where we have both the abilities of collecting multiple measurement vectors, and adaptively designing the measurement matrix. We propose an adaptive support recovery algorithm with a low computational cost, and provide non-asymptotic guarantees for our proposed algorithm which show that probability of detecting a wrong support goes to zero exponentially fast as the number of measurement vectors goes to infinity1.
The Evolving Kurdish Question in Turkey

Abstract: In a region undergoing dramatic changes, the Kurds in particular have begun to enjoy a political resurgence. Of those countries where Kurds reside, Turkey is the single most important act...
Implementation of Drive-Through Testing for COVID-19 Using an External Emergency Department Triage.

BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, healthcare systems in many regions of the country were being overwhelmed by large numbers of patients needing care. In this paper, we discuss use of an external emergency department (ED) site by a hospital system based in Charlotte, North Carolina to address concerns of a local surge similar to those seen around the country. OBJECTIVE: Demonstrate how expansion of ED facilities can increase efficiency of care for patients while also improving safety for clinicians, staff, and non-infected patients. METHODS: We describe development and implementation of our external ED drive-through testing sites during the COVID-19 pandemic. We collected data from three external ED sites in the Atrium Health system between March 15th and April 15th, 2020. Patients were included if they were seen at one of the sites and tested for COVID-19. There were no exclusion criteria. We analyzed the data to identify any differences in patient demographics between sites. RESULTS: We saw 580 patients across the three sites, 302 of whom met criteria for COVID-19 testing. The majority of patients tested were Caucasian females. The majority who tested positive, however, were males. Thirteen patients were redirected into the hospital ED for further medical evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: External expansion of the ED is an important strategy that can allow hospitals to accommodate potentially infectious patients while maintaining appropriate isolation and rapid throughput. Proper implementation of the right system to meet hospital-specific needs can prove effective for the healthcare system.
Machine intelligence enabled radiomics

The radiomics features of disease lesions can be learned from medical imaging data, but is it possible to identify interpretable biomarkers that can help make clinical predictions across heterogeneous diseases and data from different modalities?
Some observations on the quantitative relationship between Stanley South’s artifact patterns and “primary de facto” refuse

In comparing Stanley South’s Frontier and Carolina artifact patterns with assemblages from the Fort Snelling Officers’ Quarters, it was discovered that similar numerical anomalies were present in both bodies of data. A closer examination revealed that in each case the anomalies were produced by the presence of ‘‘primary de facto” refuse as a component of the site. This paper describes the quantitative effect of this type of refuse upon the artifact patterns revealed by these sites and suggests that refuse types may have a predictable numerical relationship to the whole assemblage of which they are a part.
The Epidemiology of Alcohol and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

The acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is defined by the acute onset of hypoxemic respiratory failure and alveolar infiltrates in the absence of an elevated left atrial pressure. ARDS is a common cause of admission to an intensive care unit with nearly 200,000 reported cases in the USA each year. Likewise, alcohol misuse, or consumption of alcohol in excess of recommended limits is common in the setting of critical illness and present in up to 40 % of patients admitted to an ICU. The epidemiologic evidence reviewed in this chapter demonstrates a clear association between alcohol misuse and common risk factors for ARDS, as well as an independent association between alcohol misuse and the development of ARDS. Furthermore, the presence of severe alcohol misuse is independently associated with poor outcomes in patients with established ARDS. The consistency of these findings and the translational studies that we review provide a compelling case that the association between alcohol misuse and poor outcomes in ARDS is causative.
Placental and blood element neurotransmitter receptor regulation in humans: potential models for studying neurochemical mechanisms underlying behavioral teratology.

Publisher Summary The purpose of this chapter is to describe studies of neurotransmitter receptor regulation in humans under conditions which may model those seen in neurochemical teratogenesis. These studies examine possible mechanisms of neurochemical and “behavioral” teratology in human populations. A goal of this research would be to develop a suitable model in which to examine more closely mechanisms of receptor-mediated alterations in Central Nervous System (CNS) development induced by centrally active substances (exogenous and endogenous) which, when well-characterized, might allow case-by-case longitudinal investigations in high-risk populations. Pre-and perinatal exposure to drugs or chemicals can result in disruption of fetal growth often causing some developmental abnormality in the newborn. Many of the compounds demonstrated to be functional teratogens are known to have specific, selective high-affinity interactions at neurotransmitter receptors, or alter the intra-synaptic level of endogenous receptor agonist. Neurotransmitter/hormone receptor mediated communication plays a key role in neuronal migration and differentiation.
Lung Microvascular Endothelium as a Putative Progenitor Cell Niche

Endothelium is formed by a contiguous network of cells that separate the circulation from the underlying tissue. Cells within the endothelial network collaborate to relay chemical and mechanical signals between blood and tissue. Each of these cells is highly specialized. Such specialization is seen in endothelial cell growth, where some cells are highly proliferative, others less so, and some display no growth potential at all. The highly replication competent cells fulfill the criteria of a “progenitor.” Progenitor cells have important implications for vascular maintenance and for vascular repair following injury. This chapter examines the current state of knowledge regarding endothelial cell progenitor cells found within lung capillaries and identifies knowledge gaps within the field that are ongoing areas of research.
Complementary and Alternative Therapies

This chapter describes the major complementary and alternative medicine approaches which serve as either adjunct or alternative treatment to standard medicine practices. These approaches are often rooted in the philosophy that psychological or emotional experiences have a reciprocal relationship with physical experiences, with a growing body of research supporting this link. As such, complementary and alternative therapies, and the treatments described under the rubric of clinical health psychology, share many fundamental concepts and philosophies with regard to health prevention, promotion, and maintenance. This chapter provides an overview of complementary and alternative therapies within a psychological context. These include practices that have originated from western (e.g., Homeopathy, Osteopathy, Chiropractic) and eastern (e.g., Ayruveda, Traditional Chinese Medicine) cultures. Herbal remedies, lifestyle modifications, tactile therapies, movement therapies, and mind/body interventions are also included as important treatment components for promoting health across cultures. The specific objectives of this chapter are to (a) familiarize the reader with these complementary and alternative approaches to healing, their clinical applications, and a brief summary of supporting research, (b) discuss and integrate the common themes of complementary and alternative approaches within a psychological context, and (c) suggest how psychological treatments may facilitate the benefits of complementary and alternative treatments for promoting health. Keywords: alternative medicine; ayurveda; chinese medicine; diet; health; hypnosis; lifestyle; mind/body therapy; modification; touch theraphy
Adopting a Grounded Theory Approach to Cultural-Historical Research: Conflicting Methodologies or Complementary Methods?

Grounded theory has long been regarded as a valuable way to conduct social and educational research. However, recent constructivist and postmodern insights are challenging long-standing assumptions, most notably by suggesting that grounded theory can be flexibly integrated with existing theories. This move hinges on repositioning grounded theory from a methodology with positivist underpinnings to an approach that can be used within different theoretical frameworks. In this article the author reviews this recent transformation of grounded theory, engages in the project of repositioning it as an approach by using cultural historical activity theory as a test case, and outlines several practical methods implied by the joint use of grounded theory as an approach and activity theory as a methodology. One implication is the adoption of a dialectic, as opposed to a constructivist or objectivist, stance toward grounded theory inquiry, a stance that helps move past the problem of emergence versus forcing.
'The People' of the Second Amendment: Citizenship & the Right to Bear Arms

The Supreme Court’s recent Second Amendment decision, District of Columbia v. Heller, maintains that the constitution’s right to bear arms is an individual right to armed self-defense held by citizens. This article examines “the people” of the Second Amendment, concluding that arms-bearing cannot concurrently be a right of armed self-defense and restricted to citizens. This article proceeds in four parts. First, it analyzes the term “the people” as it has been interpreted in recent Court cases. In this section, the article concludes that constitutional text and Supreme Court jurisprudence provide no sustainable basis to believe the Second Amendment is limited to citizens, when the Second Amendment is read as a right of armed self-defense. Second, the article situates Heller’s reading within a historical context of gun regulation motivated by racial animus and xenophobia, manifested by contractions of citizenship to exclude, and gun laws intended to disarm, racial minorities and non-citizens. Part III attempts to revive a coherent theory of limiting gun rights to citizens, but ultimately concludes that, in comparison, armed self-defense is conceptually unrelated to rights such as voting and jury service. Finally, the article wrestles with the doctrinal and ideological dilemmas created by expansive readings of the nature of the gun right protected by the Second Amendment juxtaposed against the contracted class of persons to whom that newly defined right applies. Here, the article showcases how principles of gun control and gun advocacy are at odds with principles of equality, causing conundrums for all sides of the political spectrum.
Performance of the Roche cobas 4800 high‐risk human papillomavirus test in cytologic preparations of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck

BACKGROUND Determining high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) status of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) defines a tumor subset with important clinical implications. Cytologic sampling often provides the sentinel or sole diagnostic specimen. The authors assessed the performance characteristics for the Roche cobas 4800 HPV real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based system (cobas) on cytologic specimens of HNSCC compared with standard methods of in situ hybridization (ISH) for HR-HPV and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for p16 on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue. METHODS Samples of HNSCC were collected by fine-needle aspiration and from surgical biopsies or resections, fixed, and processed with the cobas system. Available corresponding FFPE samples were synchronously evaluated for HR-HPV using ISH and IHC. Discrepant cases underwent additional PCR studies for adjudication. RESULTS Thirty-six samples from 33 patients were analyzed. Forty-two percent (n = 15) of tumors were positive for HR-HPV according to cobas. Corresponding histology with ISH (n = 30) was concordant in 91% of samples. Compared with the adjudication PCR standard, there were 3 false-positive cases according to cobas. Ninety-two percent (n = 12) of cases were the HPV16 subtype. The overall sensitivity for the cobas system was 100%, and the specificity was 86%. CONCLUSIONS Concordance in HNSCC HR-HPV status between cobas and ISH/IHC was > 90%, and cobas demonstrated a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 86%, broadening options for HR-HPV testing of fine-needle aspiration samples. Advantages for this system include subtyping of HR-HPV and the ability to discern HR-HPV status earlier in a patient's treatment course. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2014;122:167–174. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
A three-dimensional printing device to produce organs and tissues for transplant

Organ failure is a condition where an organ system not able to function as intended, preventing the body from maintaining homeostasis. An organ transplant replaces the patient's organ with a donated organ, but the procedure includes several risks, such as rejection or infection. Organ printers aim to eliminate some risks involved with organ transplantation by producing an organ from the patient's own cells. This organ printer uses a system of motors with three degrees of freedom controlled by a custom written algorithm. The printer will lay down polyethylene glycol and cells onto a biocompatible scaffold where the cells will combine and create a new tissue or organ. Tests will be performed to ensure nozzle precision and flow, speed of printing, and cell survivability.
Obesity, smoking and atherosclerosis. A study of interassociations.

Abstract The data gathered from male autopsied cases (25–64 years of age) in Orleans Parish have been analysed for association between measurements of atherosclerosis and measurements of obesity. The confounding effects of diseases such as hypertension and diabetes have been controlled by excluding from analysis cases known to have such diseases. The confounding effect of age and a measurement of smoking habit on the association between atherosclerosis and obesity has been controlled by the technique of multivariate regression analysis. An inverse association between smoking habit and obesity and the direct associations between smoking habit and atherosclerosis as measured by MCWT (mean coronary wall thickness), CALC (coronary calcification), RLAA (raised lesion in abdominal aorta), and RLCA (raised lesion in coronary arteries) have been confirmed. Positive though weak associations for measures of atherosclerosis (MCWT and RLCA) with adipose thickness have been found among whites but not among blacks. Among black cases a weak association between fatty streaks in coronary arteries and adipose thickness was found. It is suggested that obesity itself is not an atherogenic agent but that it is related to one or more atherogenic agents that affect aortas and coronary arteries differentially and that are more intensive among whites than among blacks.