cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Culture and Democratic Theory: Toward a Theory of Symbolic Democracy

Since the late 1970s, a highly productive strand of critical theory has emerged which has largely abandoned the Frankfurt School’s critique of cultural domination. Influenced by the work of Habermas, which replaces the problem of individual happiness with “a concentration on the problem of political democracy and on the analysis of institutions permitting individual autonomy and democratic interaction,” 1 this strand has turned to democratic theory and discourse ethics as a means to resuscitate the transformative potential of existing political institutions. Civil society, the public sphere, and the domain of law (as opposed to the culture industry and the critique of instrumental reason) figure centrally in reconstructive projects aimed at the articulation of institutional remedies for chronic forms of economic and political injustice. It is noteworthy, however, that in the search for post-Marxist foundations for the critique of “really existing democracy,” critical democratic theory has not adequately taken stock of the fact that the symbolic order of society, which shapes the meaning and status of social identities, is implicated in these forms of injustice. While this emergent strand of critical theory has remained distant from a critique of cultural domination, it does not stand alone in this failure to conceptualize all the significant features of modern relations of power. The constitutive force of the symbolic order of society, enacted at the macro-level through the institutions of the public sphere and at the micro-level in face-to-face interactions, is difficult to capture in the terms of existing political and social theory. Such theory, as Foucault emphasized, is capable of recognizing social injustice in only two registers: economic domination and the illegitimate exercise of sovereign authority. Consequently, the symbolic force that structures the formation and hierarchization of social identities fails to be understood as a type of political power. Because it is unequally distributed across the social order,this symbolic force is an undemocratic structural constraint on the social identity, social valuation, and symbolic practices of individuals and groups, a constraint which always already impacts the quantity and quality of individual and group participation in the political, economic, and cultural life of society. Moreover, the one-solution-fits-all approach to instances of social injustice that is favored by liberal and social democratic reform projects (legal equality and economic egalitarianism) inhibits the development of a theory which can articulate
Semantic Image Browser: Bridging Information Visualization with Automated Intelligent Image Analysis

Browsing and retrieving images from large image collections are becoming common and important activities. Recent semantic image analysis techniques, which automatically detect high level semantic contents of images for annotation, are promising solutions toward this problem. However, few efforts have been made to convey the annotation results to users in an intuitive manner to enable effective image browsing and retrieval. There is also a lack of methods to monitor and evaluate the automatic image analysis algorithms due to the high dimensional nature of image data, features, and contents. In this paper, we propose a novel, scalable semantic image browser by applying existing information visualization techniques to semantic image analysis. This browser not only allows users to effectively browse and search in large image databases according to the semantic content of images, but also allows analysts to evaluate their annotation process through interactive visual exploration. The major visualization components of this browser are Multi-Dimensional Scaling (MDS) based image layout, the Value and Relation (VaR) display that allows effective high dimensional visualization without dimension reduction, and a rich set of interaction tools such as search by sample images and content relationship detection. Our preliminary user study showed that the browser was easy to use and understand, and effective in supporting image browsing and retrieval tasks.
Who Monitors the Mutual Fund Manager, New or Old Shareholders?

This study tests whether mutual fund shareholders continue to trade in response to fund returns after they make their initial investment in fund shares. It decomposes the relationship between fund returns and shareholder ow in a large, proprietary panel of all shareholder transactions in one mid-size no-load mutual fund family. Results show that both new and old shareholders buy shares during periods of good returns; however, shareholder outow is essentially unrelated to fund returns. This lack of a return-sell relationship is not driven by locked-in pension assets, shareholders’ ignorance of ongoing fund returns, or embedded capital gains. However, there is evidence that exchanges between equity funds in the family are more correlated with returns of the destination fund than with returns of the origination fund. This may indicate that ow between equity mutual funds is driven by shareholders buying new funds rather than selling old funds.
Data Needs for Emerging Research Issues in Bully and Violence Prevention: Strengths and Limitations of the National Center for Educational Statistics Data Sets

School violence and bullying are two public health concerns with consequences for youth in and out of school, for families, students, and community members. In this article, a social-ecological framework is briefly described as a way to understand bullying and school violence; then the National Center for Educational Statistics (NCES) longitudinal and cross-sectional data sets are described in detail. Data that assess bullying and/or school violence are described, and recommendations for additional items are proposed. In general, a longitudinal, multisite, multi-informant study is needed to address definitional and etiological issues related to school violence and bullying so that prevention efforts can be developed, implemented, and evaluated that incorporate multiple levels of the ecology, including peers, schools, communities, and neighborhoods.
Vertical Transfer in Open Channel Flow

Vertical turbulent mass transfer coefficients for suspended sediment particles and dye, and fall velocities of the sediment particles were determined experimentally in a large laboratory flume. Local values of the turbulent mass transfer coefficient, and turbulent fall velocities for the sand, were determined from an integrated form of the transfer equation. The results of the experiments indicate that: (1) Magnitude and distribution of the vertical turbulent mass transfer coefficient for dye and fine sediment are close to those of the momentum transfer coefficient, which lends added support to Reynolds' analogy for the equivalence of mass and momentum transfer in turbulent shear flow; (2) in comparison with dye, the mass transfer coefficient for medium sand is somewhat less in magnitude and its distribution indicates that the transfer coefficient is larger near the bed; and (3) the fall velocity of sediment particles is larger in turbulent channel flow than in quiescent water.
Engineering of Small-Diameter Vessels

Several approaches are employed to treat atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease of small-caliber arteries (<6 mm). One of the approaches is balloon angioplasty or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, a procedure used to dilate narrowed arteries. Coronary artery bypass graft operation is an invasive procedure that is done to reroute, or “bypass,” blood around occluded arteries and improve the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. Grafts commonly used include the great saphenous vein from the leg, internal thoracic artery from the chest, radial artery from the arms, and sometimes arteries from the stomach. Small-diameter tissue-engineered grafts are typically composed of cells and a scaffold. The scaffold serves as a temporary template that provides the required geometry and has such properties to allow the cells to remodel the scaffold and deposit their own extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Three major components that need to be considered in the design and fabrication of a tissue-engineered small-diameter vascular graft include cells, scaffolds, and environmental stimuli. The design of an appropriate scaffold in fabricating a cellularized tubular construct is crucial as the scaffold provides the initial spatial templating and structural support for the developing tissue and it must support cell adhesion, proliferation, and matrix synthesis. There are three broad classes of scaffold that are employed, which include synthetic polymer scaffolds, hydrogels or biopolymer scaffolds, and decellularized tissues.
Thermomicrobia phy. nov.

Ther.mo.mi.cro' bi.a. M.L. fem. pl. n. Thermomicrobiales type order of the phylum; dropping ending to denote a phylum; M.L. fem. pl. n. Thermomicrobia the phylum of Thermomicrobiales. Thermomicrobia Keywords: Thermomicrobia phy. nov.; Thermomicrobiales ord. nov.
Performance of insecticides for control of cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae) indoors.

Activities of insecticides against adult cat fleas, Ctenocephalides felis (Bouche), were broadly categorized as follows: organophosphates > carbamates = synergized pyrethrins > pyrethroids. Residues of chlorpyrifos (applied at 127 mg [AI]/m2), propetamphos (127 mg/m2), permethrin (255 mg/m2), diazinon (509 mg/m2), malathion (1,018 mg/m2), and carbaryl (1,222 mg/m2) applied to nylon carpet provided >90% kill of adult cat fleas for at least 21 d. Activities of insecticide sprays were inversely related to increased density or depth of carpet. Vacuuming or simulated wear on treated carpet did not significantly affect residual activity against fleas, but shampooing reduced activity of microencapsulated diazinon and bendiocarb by 30 and 93%, respectively. Propetamphos was not affected by carpet shampoo.
SU-C-BRB-02: Automatic Planning as a Potential Strategy for Dose Escalation for Pancreas SBRT?

Purpose: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been suggested to provide high rates of local control for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. However, the close proximity of highly radiosensitive normal tissues usually causes the labor-intensive planning process, and may impede further escalation of the prescription dose. The present study evaluates the potential of an automatic planning system as a dose escalation strategy. Methods: Ten pancreatic cancer patients treated with SBRT were studied retrospectively. SBRT was delivered over 5 consecutive fractions with 6 ∼ 8Gy/fraction. Two plans were generated by Pinnacle Auto-Planning with the original prescription and escalated prescription, respectively. Escalated prescription adds 1 Gy/fraction to the original prescription. Manually-created planning volumes were excluded in the optimization goals in order to assess the planning efficiency and quality simultaneously. Critical organs with closest proximity were used to determine the plan normalization to ensure the OAR sparing. Dosimetric parameters including D100, and conformity index (CI) were assessed. Results: Auto-plans directly generate acceptable plans for 70% of the cases without necessity of further improvement, and two more iterations at most are necessary for the rest of the cases. For the pancreas SBRT plans with the original prescription, autoplans resulted in favorable target coverage and PTV conformity (D100 = 96.3% ± 1.48%; CI = 0.88 ± 0.06). For the plans with the escalated prescriptions, no significant target under-dosage was observed, and PTV conformity remains reasonable (D100 = 93.3% ± 3.8%, and CI = 0.84 ± 0.05). Conclusion: Automatic planning, without substantial human-intervention process, results in reasonable PTV coverage and PTV conformity on the premise of adequate OAR sparing for the pancreas SBRT plans with escalated prescription. The results highlight the potential of autoplanning as a dose escalation strategy for pancreas SBRT treatment planning. Further investigations with a larger number of patients are necessary. The project is partially supported by Philips Medical Systems
With Their Permission: Skeptics, Resisters, and Supporters.

No major change in thought or action occurs without mistakes, casualties and growth. This article is designed to examine the implementation of integrated curriculum design from a more critical pers...
Deputization of Indian Prosecutors: Protecting Indian Interests in Federal Court

Indian Law is full of jurisdictional traps for the unwary. This article proposes a solution to address one such trap that has caused harm to Indian tribes. When a non-Indian commits a crime in Indian country, he or she must be prosecuted in federal court. State courts lack jurisdiction over the case, absent statutory authority to the contrary. The Supreme Court held in Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe that tribal courts do not have the authority to punish non-Indians for crimes committed in Indian country. The reality is, however, that many U.S. attorneys do not have the resources or inclination to fully prosecute crimes in Indian country. This article proposes a practical solution to this problem: deputization of Indian lawyers as "Special Assistant United States Attorneys" to prosecute these crimes in federal court.
Growth conditions that increase or decrease lifespan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lead to corresponding decreases or increases in rates of interstitial deletions and non-reciprocal translocations

Accumulation of DNA damage, mutations, and chromosomal abnormalities is associated with aging in many organisms. How directly various forms of genomic instability contribute to lifespan in different aging contexts is still under active investigation. Testing whether treatments that alter lifespan change mutation rates early during lifespan could provide support for genomic instability being at least partly responsible for changes in the rates of aging. Rates of mutations, direct repeat recombination, or retrotransposition were measured in young cell populations from two strain backgrounds of Saccharomyces cerevisiae exposed to several growth conditions that shortened or extended yeast chronological lifespan. In most cases, rates of genomic instability did not consistently increase in young cells exposed to lifespan-shortening conditions or decrease in young cells exposed to lifespan-extending conditions. The mutation rate for a copy of the CAN1 gene integrated onto the right arm of chromosome VIII did show expected increases or decreases in young cells in the lifespan-altering growth conditions. These mutations were determined to frequently result from non-allelic recombination events, including non-reciprocal translocations, and were more strongly stimulated by using hydroxyurea to induce DNA replication stress than by the general DNA-damaging agent methyl methanesulfonate. The results are not consistent with changes in mutation rates in general mediating the influence of alternative growth conditions on yeast lifespan. The strong correlation between non-allelic recombination events and the effects of the alternative growth conditions on lifespan indicates that genomic instability due to changes in recombination rates may directly contribute to the rate of aging or that lifespan-altering treatments may consistently increase or decrease DNA replication stress. These results further support the connection between DNA replication stress and aging observed in multiple organisms. Chromosomal abnormalities that likely arise from recombination events are more prevalent in multiple human tissues with increasing age, and further work in yeast could help to define mechanisms responsible for this observation and the impact of chromosomal abnormalities on aging.
HCT for SCID: one size does not fit all.

In this issue of Blood , Hoeing et al further our understanding on the clinical presentation and treatment of reticular dysgenesis (RD), a rare entity of the severe combined immunodeficiency diseases (SCIDs). 1 The SCIDs are phenotypically and genotypically heterogeneous, and RD is considered 1 of the most severe forms. 2,3 RD is inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder and accounts for 2 Clinically, it is characterized by an absence of granulocytes and lymphocytes in peripheral blood, hypoplasia of the thymus and secondary lymphoid organs, lack of innate and adaptive humoral and cellular functions, and sensorineural hearing deficit. 3 Unlike classical SCID, RD presents very early, usually within a few days after birth, and with life-threatening bacterial infections rather than opportunistic infections. A complete blood count with differential should alert the astute clinician to consider SCID in the differential diagnosis and undertake urgent consultation with an immunologist. Children with RD have mutations in both copies of the adenylate kinase 2 gene 3 (see figure). The resulting defect in mitochondrial adenylate kinase 2 results in defective maturation of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Consequently, hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only treatment curative for this otherwise fatal disease.
The Organization of the Treatment Recommendation Phase in Routine Psychiatric Visits

ABSTRACTThe article examines the organization of the treatment recommendation phase in psychiatric consultations for individuals with chronic and serious psychiatric conditions. Recommending treatment in chronic psychiatric care is a complex course of action that involves building a case for a treatment recommendation, eliciting an acceptance of the proposal, checking medical records, and detailing an implementation plan. This organization allows the participants to manage the complexities of making and implementing treatment decisions in this setting, such as anticipated resistance to treatment proposals, problems with adherence to a medication regimen, and the intricacy of dealing with multiple related medications whose dosages and effects need to be carefully balanced and monitored. We show that the psychiatrist orients to getting clients’ full, informed consent to the proposed medication regimen rather than a simple acquiescence and, in doing so, balances the institutional authority to prescribe, moni...
Of Mice and Man and the Regulation of Aldosterone Secretion.

See related article, pp 347–356 Aldosterone is the most important mineralocorticoid for electrolyte and fluid homeostasis in mammals, birds, and some members of other orders. Although critical for life, even subtle inappropriate increases in aldosterone contribute to the development of hypertension and cardiovascular damage. Primary aldosteronism (PA), the autonomous and excessive secretion of aldosterone, is the most common form of secondary hypertension and is associated with more pathological cardiovascular remodeling than essential hypertension of a similar duration and severity. Aldosterone-producing adenomas and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism are responsible for most PA. Despite the importance of PA in cardiovascular and renal disease, its pathogenesis is only partially clarified in aldosterone-producing adenomas and remains unknown in idiopathic hyperaldosteronism. A report in this issue by Yao et al1 provides crucial new information on the normal control of aldosterone synthesis that could elucidate mechanisms for its dysregulation in PA. They used elegant technology to demonstrate that TASK-3 K+ channels (tandem pore domain acid-sensitive K+ channels) locate in the mitochondria and interact with proteins of the electron transport chain of the mitochondrial inner membrane and regulate mitochondrial membrane potential and morphology. They also showed that TASK-3 channels interact with the P450 side-chain cleavage enzyme that catalyzes the first step in the synthesis of all steroids from cholesterol, as well as with CYP11B2, or aldosterone synthase, the last and unique enzyme in a series of enzymatic reactions within the mitochondria. Synthesis of aldosterone is regulated primarily by angiotensin II (Ang-II) and plasma potassium (K+), with lesser influence by adrenocorticotropic hormone and several paracrine factors2 at 2 points in its synthetic pathway. Within minutes after stimulation by Ang-II or K+, …
Addressing spin states with infrared light

Crystal defects are usually detrimental to the performance of materials, but quantum physicists have recently been embracing crystal defects that act like artificial atoms. Paramagnetic defects are particularly attractive quantum bits because their spin states are relatively immune to phonons and charge fluctuations that cause decoherence of quantum entanglement. For example, the spin state of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond ( 1 ) has become a technologically advanced quantum memory. Christle et al. ( 2 ) now show that the divacancy in silicon carbide (SiC), which consists of a Si vacancy next to a C vacancy (see the figure, top panel), creates a high-fidelity interface between spin and infrared (IR) light in the telecommunications window. SiC divacancies could therefore be nodes in long-distance quantum networks linked by entangled IR photons.
Who Are Athletic Advisors? State of the Profession

The field of athletic advising has existed since the 1970s. In the early 1990s, the National Collegiate Athletic Association mandated that higher education institutions provide academic support for...
Respiratory Viruses in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Respiratory viral infections (RVIs) pose a unique challenge for clinicians in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) due to preterm infants’ increased susceptibility to infections (Maitre NL and Williams JV, Res Rep Neonatol. 6:41–49, 2016). RVIs often present with nonspecific symptoms and currently lack effective treatments (Baraldi et al., Ital J Pediatr. 40:65, 2014). Death due to viral bronchiolitis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing nations and industrialized nations alike, and patients with bronchiolitis frequently require intensive care and use of mechanical ventilation (Thompson et al., JAMA 289:179–186, 2003). Infants who acquire RVI during their birth hospitalizations have significantly longer length of stay and are more likely to develop chronic respiratory disease, particularly bronchopulmonary dysplasia (Bennett et al., J Pediatr 161:814–818, 2012). Furthermore, infants with RVIs are often placed on empiric antibiotic therapy, which can frustrate antimicrobial stewardship efforts (Bennett et al., J Pediatr 161:814–818, 2012; Cantey et al., Lancet Infect Dis 2016;16:1178–1184). RVIs are also associated with increased costs to both health systems and families due to increased care and lost productivity. In 2016, Zinna et al. (Pediatrics 138:e20161675, 2016) showed that infants with hospital-acquired RVI in the United Kingdom had hospital charges more than double those of uninfected infants. Similarly, the Sentinel-1 Study (Anderson et al., Am J Perinatol 34:51–61, 2017) in the United States demonstrated that each hospitalization for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the most common etiological agent of viral bronchiolitis in children age <1 year, costs more than $55,000, even excluding the additional outpatient visits before and after hospitalization. The goal of this chapter is to address the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory viruses in the highly vulnerable patient population in the NICU.
A Word to the Wise: Adolescent Reactions to Parental Communication about Weight.

Abstract Background: With high rates of adolescent obesity, many parents are talking to adolescents about their body weight. Parental “weight talk” is linked with adverse health behaviors in youth, but we know little about what parents say in these conversations. Using a weight loss treatment-seeking sample of adolescents, the present study assessed adolescents' emotional reactions to words their parents use to describe their weight and preferred language for these interactions. Methods: Adolescents enrolled in a national weight loss camp (N = 148) completed a questionnaire assessing their preferences for, and emotional reactions to, parental use of 18 words to describe their body weight. Results: Findings showed a diverse range of weight language used by parents, with many words inducing negative emotional reactions of embarrassment, shame, and sadness in adolescents. Emotional responses to weight language varied according to adolescents' gender, BMI, and experience of weight-teasing from family members....
Nitric Oxide Synthase

The discovery of the L–arginine:NO pathway has proven to be one of the most important and exciting scientific developments of the last decade. This pathway is involved in a myriad of physiologic roles that range from the control of vascular tone and blood pressure to the modulation of skeletal muscle function. An increasing number of pathological conditions are now being recognized to be the result of either excessive or insufficient NO production. Intensive efforts are being dedicated to the development of selective NOS inhibitors with the hope of targeting specific tissue sources of excessive NO production. Similarly, genetic approaches to treat conditions resulting from reduced NOS expression are likely to be explored in the near future. New developments in the field of NO research are likely to continue at the current rapid pace. This should bring important additional benefits to most areas of clinical medicine.
Replicative Senescence as an Intrinsic Tumor-Suppressor Mechanism

One feature of human carcinomas is their strikingly complex cytogenetic profiles. An important mechanism that can give rise to this level of genomic instability is the functional status of telomeres, the protein-DNA complexes that cap the ends of chromosomes. Telomeres serve to protect eukaryotic chromosomal ends from being recognized as damaged DNA, and growing evidence suggests that critically shortened (dysfunctional) telomeres may help initiate the onset of cancer. Dysfunctional telomeres potently engage the DNA damage response pathway, leading to the onset of cellular senescence when p53 is functional. However, in the absence of p53, dysfunctional telomeres can initiate cancer by promoting genomic instability. In this chapter, I will use mouse models to illustrate the interplay between telomere dysfunction and the development of carcinomas in the setting of an intact or mutated p53-dependent DDR pathway. Dysfunctional telomeres trigger senescence when p53 is functional, thereby protecting epithelial tissues from cancer progression. These results suggest that p53-dependent senescence, induced by dysfunctional telomeres, may be as potent as apoptosis in suppressing tumorigenesis in vivo.
Challenges for the new west: Economic impacts of wilderness in Nevada's rural counties

Challenges for the New West: Economic Impacts of Wilderness on Nevada's Rural Counties by Lesley Regina Argo Dr. Helen Neill, Examination Committee Chair Associate Professor of Environmental Studies University of Nevada, Las Vegas Public lands designated as part of the National Wilderness Preservation System are removed from multiple-use management for protection of their natural condition. Opponents argue that "locking up" the natural resources on these lands through designation will undermine the rural economies in the west that are dependent upon extractive industries such as mining and logging. Proponents argue that the "Old West" reliance on extractive industries is declining and, in the "New West", wilderness promotes economic development in rural communities by preserving the amenity values that draw population and employment to the region. Characteristics of Nevada's economy, population and land challenge the ideas of the New West. This thesis examines the economic impact of wilderness on rural counties in Nevada. These potential impacts are studied utilizing a simultaneous-equations model, based on DuffyDeno (1998), to test for determinants of population and employment growth for the period from 1990 to 2000.
Potent carboxylate inhibitors of stromelysin containing P2′ piperazic acids and P1′ biaryl moeities

Abstract Several carboxylate derivatives with variation at the P1′ residue were synthesized and evaluated as stromelysin (MMP-3) inhibitors. Compounds containing a biphenyl moiety at P1′ were found to be potent inhibitors of MMP-3. An X-ray crystal structure of the most potent compound, carboxylate 19, revealed an important interaction between the inhibitor's biphenyl and histidine 224 in the S1′ pocket of MMP-3.
Health Insurance for Diabetes Prevention Confers Health Benefits and Breaks Even on Cost Within 2 Years.

Diabetes and its predecessor prediabetes are huge and costly problems in the U.S., affecting 24.7 (1) and 84.1 million people (2), respectively. Treatment of prevalent diabetes is a leading contributor of rising U.S. health care costs (3), and the cost of treating prediabetes, diabetes, and gestational diabetes mellitus combined is $404 billion (4). Fortunately, there is strong evidence for prevention, or at least delay, of type 2 diabetes in high-risk individuals, especially those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), through lifestyle education programs, interventions that have been shown to be effective, cost-effective, and translatable in real-life settings (5–8). The challenge lies in scaling the implementation of proven programs like the U.S. Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) at the community level with effective, easy, and low-cost ways to reach at-risk individuals and enroll, engage, and keep them in programs like the National DPP (9). In their article in this issue of Diabetes Care , Ackermann et al. (10) evaluated the costs and financial implications for commercial health care insurers offering reimbursements for the National DPP available at YMCAs, the YDPP. They report impressive results: the YDPP program had no effects on net health care costs at 2 years, with no difference between the mean per-person health expenditures between YDPP participants and matched control subjects. In addition, the authors report on the efficacy of workplace screening for identifying individuals with prediabetes for YDPP enrollment. They found that worksite screening, using the undescribed protocols set up by the individual worksites, were only able to identify 9.7% of the estimated …
Response to: 'The level of peripheral regulatory T cells is linked to changes in gut commensal microflora in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus' by Zhang et al and the phylogeny of a candidate pathobiont in lupus nephritis.

We appreciate the opportunity to respond to the correspondence from Zhang et al ,1 and fully agree with the importance of elucidating the specific roles of individual taxa in clinical lupus pathogenesis. These authors assert that the candidate pathobiont in our earlier paper ‘is lacking in a precise link with lymphocytes…’. Yet, this is completely erroneous as we showed that lupus patients with expansions of the Ruminococcus gnavus species also had circulating antibodies that recognised strain-restricted lipoglycan antigens in this candidate pathobiont species.2 These peripheral immune responses were also shown to be cross-reactive with …
A New Species of Macrolechriops Champion (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Conoderinae: Lechriopini) Reared from the Fruits of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek (Celastraceae)

Macrolechriops moreyi Anzaldo and O'Brien, new species, from Brazil and Uruguay is described and figured. Most examined specimens were reared from the fruits of Maytenus ilicifolia Mart. ex Reissek (Celastraceae), a widely grown shrub with many medicinal uses. The genus MacrolechriopsChampion, 1906 is discussed, and images of type specimens are provided for the other six species currently placed in Macrolechriops to aid future studies on the Lechriopini.
The roles of Campus-Support Programs (CSPs) and Education and Training Vouchers (ETVs) on college persistence for youth with foster care histories

Abstract Education and Training Vouchers (ETVs) and campus support programs (CSPs) are two interventions designed to support postsecondary education persistence for college students with foster care backgrounds. The federal ETV program provides foster youth up to $5000 per year for college expenses, while CSPs provide an array of on-the-ground services to foster youth enrolled in a college. The ETV program and CSPs have existed for nearly two decades, yet little research has evaluated their impacts on postsecondary education outcomes. This study draws on data from the California Youth Transitions to Adulthood Study (CalYOUTH) and the National Student Clearinghouse to examine the roles that ETVs and CSPs play in promoting college persistence for foster youth. The sample includes 401 CalYOUTH Study participants who had enrolled in college. We first examine predictors of ETV receipt and CSP involvement. Logistic regression is then used to assess the associations between these two interventions and the expected odds of persistence, controlling for a wide range of youth characteristics, educational background and foster care history characteristics, county services, and postsecondary institution characteristics. About 41% of youth received an ETV, half (52%) enrolled in a CSP, and less than half (45%) persisted through their first two semesters. ETV receipt and CSP involvement were both found to increase the expected odds of persistence. These early findings are encouraging and suggest that investments in higher education for foster youth pay off at least in the short run. However, the current analysis was not a formal intervention study, and more rigorous research is needed.
Investigating partitioning of free versus macrocycle bound guest into a model POPC lipid bilayer

We report on the permeation of free and macrocycle-bound avobenzone across a POPC lipid bilayer through combined neutron reflectometry experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Results indicate that the p-phosphonated calix[8]arene macrocycle limits the avobenzone penetration into the upper leaflet of the membrane. Hence, it could serve as a useful vehicle for safer formulations.
Developing a model for predicting venous thromboembolism in obese pregnant women in a national study.

Abstract Introduction Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pregnancy and postpartum is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in developed countries, where obesity is a known risk for this complication. Current guidelines vary in which patients qualify for VTE prophylaxis, precluding a uniform approach for management. We sought to derive a risk prediction model for VTE in obese pregnant women. Materials and methods We performed a retrospective cohort analysis using the Consortium on Safe Labor (CSL) database. Women ages 16–45 who were pregnant with singletons and had an obese body mass index (>30 kg/m2) were included in our study population. Multivariable logistic regression was used in order to identify predictors of venous thromboembolism. Results Of the 83,500 women who met inclusion criteria, on average women were 27.8 years old, 38.6 weeks gestation, with body mass index of 35.8, and cesarean delivery incidence of 35.2%. 109 women (0.13%) experienced a VTE event. Independent predictors of VTE in our final multivariable predictive model included: mode of delivery, body mass index, pregestational diabetes, chronic heart disease, preeclampsia, blood transfusion (intrapartum or postpartum), prenatal history of thromboembolic disorder, and postpartum maternal length of stay. A receiver operating characteristic curve was developed to assess the model; area under the curve was 0.826. Conclusions We developed a strong predictive model using a large, retrospective database to distinguish risk of VTE in obese pregnant women, which may provide the foundation for future protocol development of obstetrical thromboprophylaxis in obese women.
Self-Focusing Tendencies of the Nonlinear Schrödinger and Zakharov Equations

The Zakharov equations and an associated nonlinear SchrOdinger (NLS) equation are models of long wavelength, interacting Langmuir waves. Although there seems to be a parameter regime in which these models consist of weakly interacting waves, this regime is pre-empted by self-focusing; which, in the case of the NLS equation, can generate a singularity in a finite time. The implications for a statistical theory are discussed.
Naïve Bayes Classification

The data mining methods we have been learning all favor numerical data: linear regression, LDA, k-means clustering, logistic regression, and K-NN. Naive Bayes favors categorical data, however. Because of its simplicity, naive Bayes data mining method is much more efficient compared to other data mining methods, while its performance can still match most other data mining methods.
Study of Human Institutions

Human institutions, while widely discussed and analyzed, are nonetheless portrayed in contrasting forms. The chapter begins by defining institutions and their functioning. For anthropology, institutions are group organizations such as lineages. For economics, institutions norms and ideas that govern behavior, such as belief in private property. The norm-based approach is applied only to large, modern societies. The group-based approach, applied more widely, will be relied on here. The chapter gives detail on the place of institutions in the theory of social evolution. Then it turns to methods of analysis for six major historical disciplines, each relying on one or more social science discipline. The institutions explored are language, migration, commerce, leadership, literacy, and institutions of capitalism (116).
Nationwide Study of Short-term Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Hospitalizations Among Medicaid Enrollees.

Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) has been consistently linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although studies have reported modification by income, to our knowledge, no study to date has examined this relationship among adults in Medicaid, which provides health coverage to low-income and/or disabled Americans. Methods We estimated the association between short-term PM2.5 exposure (average of PM2.5 on the day of hospitalization and the preceding day) and CVD admissions rates among adult Medicaid enrollees in the continental United States (2000-2012) using a time-stratified case-crossover design. We repeated this analysis at PM2.5 concentrations below the World Health Organization daily guideline of 25 μg/m. We compared the PM2.5-CVD association in the Medicaid ≥65 years old versus non-Medicaid-eligible Medicare enrollees (≥65 years old). Results Using information on 3,666,657 CVD hospitalizations among Medicaid adults, we observed a 0.9% (95% CI = 0.6%, 1.1%) increase in CVD admission rates per 10 μg/m PM2.5 increase. The association was stronger at low PM2.5 levels (1.3%; 95% CI = 0.9%, 1.6%). Among Medicaid enrollees ≥65 years old, the association was 0.9% (95% CI = 0.6%, 1.3%) vs. 0.8% (95% CI = 0.6%, 0.9%) among non-Medicaid-eligible Medicare enrollees ≥65 years old. Conclusion We found robust evidence of an association between short-term PM2.5 and CVD hospitalizations among the vulnerable subpopulation of adult Medicaid enrollees. Importantly, this association persisted even at PM2.5 levels below the current national standards.
The coastal migration theory: Formulation and testable hypotheses

Abstract The presence of well-documented sites in the Americas predating and south of the opening of an ice-free corridor in the North American ice sheets lends credence to a Pacific coastal migration theory (CMT) explaining the route for the initial peopling of the Americas. This theory has been informally discussed for more than 50 years, but until recently, has been largely ignored and never properly defined as a result. We provide a formal definition of the CMT which, briefly stated, is that Upper Paleolithic populations moved from Asia to coastal regions along the northwestern Pacific Rim between ∼45–30 ka. By ∼30 ka these coastal populations developed a mixed maritime, nearshore, and terrestrial adaptation involving the use of boats, shell fishhooks for deep-water fishing, and a stemmed point and macroblade core technology. About 25–24 ka a subset of these coastal populations became isolated somewhere in the vicinity of the Japan/Paleo-Hokkaido, Sahkalin, Kuril (PSHK) region, developing genetically into the ancient Native American (ANA) populations that eventually settled the Americas. Between ∼22–16 ka these ANA people began migrating by foot and boat along the southern Beringian coast and down the Alaskan and Canadian coastline into the Americas south of the continental ice sheets before eventually expanding inland. We develop a series of testable hypotheses through which the CMT can be examined.
Fidelity of human ovarian cancer patient-derived xenografts in a partially humanized mouse model for preclinical testing of immunotherapies.

Background Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration to be used alone in front-line therapies or in combination with other regimens for certain advanced cancers. Since ICB only works in a subset of patients and has limited efficacy in treating ovarian cancer (OVC), developing preclinical models that help to understand which patients may derive benefit from ICB would be of tremendous benefit in OVC. Methods Here, we generated preclinical human OVC models from freshly resected tumors, which include six patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) from six different patient tumors, three transplantable OVC PD spheroid lines (PD-sphs), and 3 cell lines (PD-CLs). We tested the therapeutic combination of anti-PD1/CTLA4 antibodies with (1) autologous tumor-associated leukocytes (TALs) on the growth of PD-sphs in a coculture system in vitro, (2) with adoptively transferred autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells or TALs in patient-derived OVC models using partially humanized mice, NSG-HHDxSGM3 (N-HSGM3). Results We show that PD-1 and CTLA-4 dual blockade when combined with autologous TALs effectively reduced PD-sph number in a co-culture system and led to regression of established PD-CLs and PDXs in the N-HSGM3 mice. Combinatorial PD-1 and CTLA-4 blockade increased the frequency and function of tumor-specific CD8 T cells. These CD8 T cells persisted in the tumor microenvironment, exhibited memory phenotype and protected animals from tumor growth on tumor rechallenge. Gene expression analysis of tumors resistant to dual PD1/CTLA4 blockade treatment identified upregulation of antigen processing and presentation pathways and downregulation of extracellular matrix organization genes. Conclusions These findings describe a novel platform for developing patient-derived preclinical tumor models suitable for rationally testing combinatorial ICB in the context of autologous tumor-reactive T cells. This platform can be further developed for testing additional targeted therapies relevant to OVC.
Optimal surveillance and treatment of renal and splenic artery aneurysms

Aneurysms of the renal artery and splenic artery are uncommon but clinically important, as they pose a risk of rupture with a high fatality rate. Indications for surgical or endovascular repair are based on aneurysm location and risk factors for rupture, such as aneurysm size, growth, and associated conditions, while medical management is also important. Regular surveillance with imaging is critical before and after intervention to guide treatment.
Nef Dimerization Defect Abrogates HIV Viremia and Associated Immune Dysregulation in the Bone Marrow-Liver-Thymus-Spleen (BLTS) Humanized Mouse Model.

Loss of function mutations in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative factor (Nef) gene are associated with reduced viremia, robust T cell immune responses, and delayed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) progression in humans. In vitro studies have shown that mutations in the Nef dimerization interface significantly attenuate viral replication and impair host defense. However, in vivo, mechanistic studies on the role of Nef dimerization in HIV infection are lacking. Humanized rodents with human immune cells are robust platforms for investigating the interactions between HIV and the human immune system. The bone marrow-liver-thymus-spleen (BLTS) humanized mouse model carries human immune cells and lymphoid tissues that facilitate anti-viral immune responses. Here, we employed the BLTS-humanized mouse model to demonstrate that preventing Nef dimerization abrogates HIV viremia and the associated immune dysregulation. This suggests that Nef dimerization may be a therapeutic target for future HIV cure strategies.
The role of cytomegalovirus in organismal and immune aging

Abstract Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is one of the most ubiquitous human latent persistent viruses. While this virus can be highly harmful and even deadly to the developing fetus and to severely immunocompromised individuals, it appears to be overtly well tolerated and compatible with long life in the vast majority of infected individuals. However, several epidemiological studies have linked CMV to metabolic disturbances, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, frailty, and other chronic diseases. CMV was also proposed to be a potentially causal factor for some manifestations of immune aging, including an accumulation of highly differentiated T cells and potential increase in subclinical systemic inflammation. Given that many of the earlier mentioned issues have not been conclusively and mechanistically settled, this chapter will discuss our current understanding of the impact of CMV on the aging of the immune system and of the whole organism.
How dangerous are routine police–citizen traffic stops?: A research note

Abstract This note examined the danger of routine police–citizen traffic stops. The United States Supreme Court has assumed that traffic stops are a danger to police and has relied on this assumption in its decisions pertaining to the Fourth Amendment for these stops. To examine the assumption, ten years of national data on traffic stops, police homicides, and assaults were examined. Using the danger ratio developed by Garner and Clemmer [Danger to police in domestic disturbances. Washington DC: National Institute of Justice, 1986] to estimate the risk of police victimization, police homicides and assaults were found to be very infrequent occurrences during traffic encounters. The results of this study cast doubt on the Court's assumption of danger during the routine police–citizen traffic encounter.
Construction of a common medication list for use in undergraduate and graduate nursing curricula: bivariate organization, pedagogical integration, and iterative redevelopment (1058.2)

An essential element in pharmacology course development is the selection of exemplar medications, which are introduced to students as prototype drugs and intended to be representative of the mechan...
The Aurelian Wall and the Refashioning of Imperial Rome, AD 271–855

This book explores the relationship between the city of Rome and the Aurelian Wall during the six centuries following its construction in the 270s AD, a period when the city changed and contracted almost beyond recognition, as it evolved from imperial capital into the spiritual center of Western Christendom. The Wall became the single most prominent feature in the urban landscape, a dominating presence which came bodily to incarnate the political, legal, administrative, and religious boundaries of urbs Roma, even as it reshaped both the physical contours of the city as a whole and the mental geographies of 'Rome' that prevailed at home and throughout the known world. With the passage of time, the circuit took on a life of its own as the embodiment of Rome's past greatness, a cultural and architectural legacy that dwarfed the quotidian realities of the post-imperial city as much as it shaped them.