cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hand in Motion: Enhanced Authentication Through Wrist and Mouse Movement

Behavioral biometrics have been long used as a complementary method to the traditional one-time authentication system. Mouse dynamics, representing an individual’s unique patterns of mouse operations, possess a great potential to bridge the security gap between two one-time authentications on the computer. In this paper, we propose a continuous authentication approach by combining the deviceindependent, angle-based mouse movement features and the wrist motion features. Based on a Random Forest Ensemble Classifier (RFEC) and the Sequential Sampling Analysis (SSA), the identity of the user can be continuously verified. Experimental results, based on 26 subjects, show that the proposed approach can reach the False Accept Rate (FAR) of 1.46% and 4.69% for impostors and intruders respectively and a False Reject Rate (FRR) of 0%. Moreover, the proposed approach is proven to be more effective in timely authentication (i.e., making an authentication decision within only 9 to 12 mouse clicks), compared with conventional methods solely based on the mouse geometry and locomotion features.
The Way Consumers and Clients Respond to Financial Conversations: Investigation with Measurement of EEG signals

This study investigated the way clients responded to financial conversations by employing quantitative EEG signal analysis. The research study proposed to address the following questions: (a) In what way does a financial conversation influence brain waves? (b) In what way does a financial conversation influence consumers’ general activity? and (c) In what way is financial risk tolerance associated with changes in brain waves in different situations? The results showed that: (a) Having a financial conversation affects a person’s behavioral responses unconsciously; (b) Having a financial conversation affects a consumer/client’s subsequent activity, and (c) Professional financial consultants should consider risk tolerance before having a financial conversation with clients.
Employing antineutrino detectors to safeguard future nuclear reactors from diversions

The Non-Proliferation Treaty and other non-proliferation agreements are in place worldwide to ensure that nuclear material and facilities are used only for peaceful purposes. Antineutrino detectors, sensitive to reactor power and fuel changes, can complement the tools already at the disposal of international agencies to safeguard nuclear facilities and to verify the States’ compliance with the agreements. Recent advancement in these detectors has made it possible to leverage them to reduce the likelihood of an undetected diversion of irradiated nuclear material. Here we show the sensitivity of antineutrino monitors to fuel divergence from two reactor types: a traditional light-water reactor and an advanced sodium-cooled reactor design, a likely candidate for future deployment. The analysis demonstrates that a variety of potential diversion scenarios can be detected by such a system. We outline recent developments in monitoring capabilities and discuss their potential security implications to the international community. Nuclear reactors can be used for energy generation or for dangerous weapons and therefore their monitoring is crucial. Here the authors discuss detecting antineutrino from a nuclear reactor and use it for nuclear safeguards in a diversion scenario.
Decoding the body language of immunity: Tackling the immune system at the organism level

The immune system is a dynamic mesh of molecules, cells and tissues spanning the entire organism. Despite a wealth of knowledge about the components of the immune system, little is known about the general rules governing the organismal circuitry of immunity. Deciphering the immune system at the scale of the whole organism is crucial to understanding fundamental problems in immunobiology and physiology, and to manipulate immunity for maintaining health and preventing disease. Here I discuss the emerging principles of inter-organ communications during immune responses by focusing on three common themes that are the regulation of the (i) composition, (ii) condition and (iii) coordination of communicating organs by molecular and cellular factors. Based on these common principles, I emphasize fundamental gaps in our knowledge of organismal immune processes and the outlook to tackle immunity at the scale of the whole organism.
Deep attentional GAN-based high-resolution ultrasound imaging

A routine 3D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) volume is usually captured with large slice thickness (e.g., 2-5mm). Such ultrasound images with low out-of-slice resolution affect contouring and needle/seed detection in prostate brachytherapy. The purpose of this study is to develop a deep-learning-based method to construct high-resolution images from routinely captured prostate ultrasound images for brachytherapy. We propose to integrate a deeply supervised attention model into a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)-based framework to improve ultrasound image resolution. Deep attention GANs are introduced to enable end-to-end encoding-and-decoding learning. Next, an attention model is used to retrieve the most relevant information from the encoder. The residual network is used to learn the difference between low- and highresolution images. This technique was validated with 20 patients. We performed a leave-one-out cross-validation method to evaluate the proposed algorithm. Our reconstructed, high-resolution TRUS images from down-sampled images were compared with the original image to evaluate the performance quantitatively. The mean absolute error (MAE) and peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) of image intensity profiles between reconstructed and original images were 6.5 ± 0.5 and 38.0 ± 2.4dB.
A Precision Medicine Drug Discovery Pipeline Identifies Combined CDK2 and 9 Inhibition as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the United States and responsible for over 50,000 deaths each year. Therapeutic options for advanced colorectal cancer are limited, and there remains an unmet clinical need to identify new treatments for this deadly disease. To address this need, we developed a precision medicine pipeline that integrates high-throughput chemical screens with matched patient-derived cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDX) to identify new treatments for colorectal cancer. High-throughput screens of 2,100 compounds were performed across six low-passage, patient-derived colorectal cancer cell lines. These screens identified the CDK inhibitor drug class among the most effective cytotoxic compounds across six colorectal cancer lines. Among this class, combined targeting of CDK1, 2, and 9 was the most effective, with IC50s ranging from 110 nmol/L to 1.2 μmol/L. Knockdown of CDK9 in the presence of a CDK2 inhibitor (CVT-313) showed that CDK9 knockdown acted synergistically with CDK2 inhibition. Mechanistically, dual CDK2/9 inhibition induced significant G2-M arrest and anaphase catastrophe. Combined CDK2/9 inhibition in vivo synergistically reduced PDX tumor growth. Our precision medicine pipeline provides a robust screening and validation platform to identify promising new cancer therapies. Application of this platform to colorectal cancer pinpointed CDK2/9 dual inhibition as a novel combinatorial therapy to treat colorectal cancer.
Homology and derived series of groups

In 1964, John Stallings established an important relationship between the low-dimensional homology of a group and its lower central series. We establish a similar relationship between the low-dimensional homology of a group and its derived series. We also define a torsion-free-solvable completion of a group that is analogous to the Malcev completion, with the role of the lower central series replaced by the derived series. We prove that the torsion-free-solvable completion is invariant under rational homology equivalence.
Fact or fiction? Library leadership of a campus-wide intellectual theme

Every year Illinois Wesleyan University organizes a campus-wide intellectual theme. In 2019, the Ames Library at Illinois Wesleyan proposed the topic of fact or fiction for the annual intellectual theme. This program is noteworthy to the profession because the intellectual themes are truly campus-wide, engaging students at all levels and integrating curricular and co-curricular components. These intellectual themes go beyond the more common shared first-year experiences or One Book, One School programs. This article is a brief case study of the library-led Fact or Fiction intellectual theme.
Safety of Direct Intraparenchymal AAVrh.10-Mediated Central Nervous System Gene Therapy for Metachromatic Leukodystrophy.

Metachromatic leukodystrophy, a fatal pediatric neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disease caused by mutations in the arylsulfatase A (ARSA) gene, is characterized by intracellular accumulation of...
An Introduction to Data Mining

Data mining is the study of collecting, cleaning, processing, analyzing, and gaining useful insights from data. A wide variation exists in terms of the problem domains, applications, formulations, and data representations that are encountered in real applications. Therefore, “data mining” is a broad umbrella term that is used to describe these different aspects of data processing.
Miles of tiles

Introduction Ergodic theory Physics (for mathematicians) Order Symmetry Conclusion Appendix I: Geometry Appendix II: Algebra Appendix III: Analysis References List of symbols Subject Index.
Extracellular matrix production by the adherent cells of long-term murine bone marrow cultures

We have studied the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the adherent stroma of long-term murine bone marrow cultures. Stable hematopoiesis was maintained for greater than 12 wk. At selected intervals, culture dishes were sacrificed by removing all nonadherent cells and air drying the dishes. The adherent stromal layer was analyzed for the presence of intracellular and extracellular collagen, fibronectin, and laminin using double immunofluorescent staining with specific antisera against these matrix components. In cultures examined during the first 2 wk, large numbers of stromal cells contained collagen, fibronectin, and laminin. Over the next 2 wk, an extensive extracellular network of fibronectin, laminin, and collagen was deposited on the dishes, which persisted throughout the life of the cultures. In contrast to a previous report, we detected substantial numbers of endothelial cells by means of immunofluorescent staining of stromal cells with antisera to type IV collagen, laminin, and factor VIII antigen. Although deposition of these extracellular matrix proteins coincides with onset of active hematopoietic cell production, the relative roles of the stromal cells and the extracellular matrix in supporting hematopoiesis in murine bone marrow cell cultures remain to be determined.
Atrioventricular Junctional Rhythm: Classification and Clinical Significance

A classification of atrioventricular (A-V) junctional impulse formation is presented, based on recent observations in clinical and experimental cardiology. Several examples of intermittent and persistent manifestations of A-V junctional impulse formation are correlated with experimental findings to illustrate the complexity of these arrhythmias. Their clinical significance and management are briefly discussed, and the role of cardiac glycosides in the genesis of these rhythm disorders is reemphasized.
Microbial contamination of fuel ethanol fermentations

Microbial contamination is a pervasive problem in any ethanol fermentation system. These infections can at minimum affect the efficiency of the fermentation and at their worse lead to stuck fermentations causing plants to shut down for cleaning before beginning anew. These delays can result in costly loss of time as well as lead to an increased cost of the final product. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are the most common bacterial contaminants found in ethanol production facilities and have been linked to decreased ethanol production during fermentation. Lactobacillus sp. generally predominant as these bacteria are well adapted for survival under high ethanol, low pH and low oxygen conditions found during fermentation. It has been generally accepted that lactobacilli cause inhibition of Saccharomyces sp. and limit ethanol production through two basic methods; either production of lactic and acetic acids or through competition for nutrients. However, a number of researchers have demonstrated that these mechanisms may not completely account for the amount of loss observed and have suggested other means by which bacteria can inhibit yeast growth and ethanol production. While LAB are the primary contaminates of concern in industrial ethanol fermentations, wild yeast may also affect the productivity of these fermentations. Though many yeast species have the ability to thrive in a fermentation environment, Dekkera bruxellensis has been repeatedly targeted and cited as one of the main contaminant yeasts in ethanol production. Though widely studied for its detrimental effects on wine, the specific species–species interactions between D. bruxellensis and S. cerevisiae are still poorly understood.
Deculturalization and the Struggle for Equality: A Brief History of the Education of Dominated Cultures in the United States

In Deculturalization and the Strunggle for Equality, Joel Spring exposes readers to information not found in any other text, providing a concise history of racism and school policies that affect dominated groups in the United States.
Rituximab With or Without a Conventional Maintenance Agent in the Treatment of Relapsing Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's): A Retrospective Single‐Center Study

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of rituximab (RTX) induction therapy and the duration of remission, when RTX is used with or without a conventional maintenance agent, in a cohort of patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA). Methods This was a retrospective, single-center study of patients with relapsing GPA treated with at least 1 course of RTX (4 weekly doses of 375 mg/m2 intravenously [IV] or 2 fixed doses of 1,000 mg IV 2 weeks apart). Complete remission was defined as the absence of disease activity measured by a Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score for Wegener's granulomatosis of 0 and not qualified by the prednisone dosage at the time. Results Eighty-nine patients achieved remission after their first course of RTX and were not re-treated preemptively with RTX to maintain remission of their disease during followup. Among these patients, relapse-free survival was significantly higher in those who received a conventional maintenance agent (azathioprine, methotrexate, or mycophenolate mofetil) in conjunction with RTX and glucocorticoids (n = 47) than in those who received no additional immunosuppressive agent (n = 42) (P = 0.04). The hazard ratio of relapse in those receiving a maintenance agent was 0.53 (95% confidence interval 0.29–0.97). Serious adverse events did not differ between the 2 groups. Within a subset of 15 patients in the cohort who were relapse free 2 years after 1 course of RTX, remissions endured for 2–6 years in 8 patients. Conclusion RTX is an effective remission-inducing agent in GPA. The addition of a conventional maintenance agent to RTX and glucocorticoids decreased the incidence of relapse and did not result in a higher incidence of adverse events.
Some Other Amazonians: Perspectives on Modern Amazonia

Some Other Amazonians: Perspectives on Modern Amazonia. Stephen Nugent and Mark Harris, eds. London: Institute for the Study of the Americas, 2004. 211 pp.
THE STUDY OF PLASMA FORMATION IN FUSION DEVICES

The atomic and plasma physics processes important in the formation of a plasma will be discussed. Diagnostic techniques important in this regime such as electron velocity analyzers, spectroscopy, electric and magnetic probes will be presented. Examples from a toroidal machine will be given and compared with a zero dimensional model of plasma formation.
Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia: sonographic appearance with histopathologic correlation.

Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign vascular proliferative process characterized by papillary proliferation of endothelial cells located within a vascular lumen. The lesions occur most commonly in the extremities and in the head and neck region. 1,2 Reports of the imaging findings of these masses are scarce. We report a rare case of IPEH occurring in a dorsal wrist vein with demonstration of the sonographic appearance and pathologic correlation.
Landslides: ¿deslizamientos o movimientos del terreno? Definición, clasificaciones y terminología

Resumen es: En Mexico existe gran confusion en el uso de los terminos relacionados con los procesos de remocion en masa, lo cual es originado por las diferentes tra...
Palatal Exostosis in the Molar Region

Six hundred and eithty-one dried human skulls of different ethnic backgrounds or localities were examined for the presence of palatal exostosis in the molar region. Of these samples, 276 (40.53%) exhibited some form of palatal exostosis. Chi-square analysis shows that the occurrence of exostosis is: (a) Dependent upon the locality in which the subject lives; (b) Influenced by age; (c) In any age group, dependent upon the locality; (d) Dependent upon the type or class of exostosis; (e) In any type, influenced by locality. The result of this investigation may become clinically important. It suggests, for the clinicians in the field of periodontics, certain diagnostic guidelines for treatment planning of periodontal surgical procedures in the palatal molar region. Thus, an awareness of the patients' ethnic background, as well as age, may be essential in order to minimize or avoid unnecessary postoperative healing complications.
New configurations of single- and multi-level bandpass filters with excellent harmonic suppression

New configurations of high-frequency quasi-lumped capacitive configurations and composite structures with application to bandpass filters are presented. These structures show distinct advantages that facilitate compactness and higher harmonic suppression and have been analyzed according to suitable network models. Simple design equations have been used to synthesize new filter configurations, which exhibit excellent higher-order harmonic suppression. The proposed new designs have been validated by measurement. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 39: 490–493, 2003
Dye Laser Photolysis of n-Pentanal from 280 to 330 nm

The UV photolysis of n-pentanal in the 280−330-nm region has been studied in 5-nm intervals by using dye laser photolysis in combination with cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Absorption cross sections of n-pentanal were measured at each wavelength studied. n-Pentanal exhibited a broad, structureless absorption band similar, in appearance, to that of previously studied short-chain aldehydes. The absorption spectrum peaked at 295 nm with a cross section of (6.56 ± 0.17) × 10-20 cm2 molecule-1. The formation of the HCO radical, which is a photodissociation product, was monitored in these experiments. The HCO yield was found to be independent of n-pentanal pressure (2−18 Torr) and total pressure (8−480 Torr) except for 325- and 330-nm photolysis where the size of the HCO signal was small and the dissociation was near the threshold. The dependence of the HCO radical yield on the photolysis wavelength was determined. The HCO yields were 0.058 ± 0.006, 0.095 ± 0.009, 0.10 ± 0.02, 0.14 ± 0.01, 0.10 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0...
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory Hydrofracture Process for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste

The hydrofracture process is currently being used at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) for the permanent disposal of locally generated radioactive waste solutions. In this process, the waste solution is mixed with a blend of cement and other solid additives; the resulting grout is then injected into an impermeable shale formation at a depth of 200 to 300 m (700 to 1000 ft). The grout sets a few hours after completion of the injection, fixing the radioactive waste in the shale formation. Between 1966 and 1979, ORNL has used hydrofracture to dispose of more than 8 million L (2 million gal) of waste grout containing more than 600,000 Ci of radionuclide activity. Calculations show that operational costs are on the order of $0.16/L ($0.60/gal). Construction of a new hydrofracture disposal facility has been completed, and operational injections were initiated in June 1982.
Ultrasonic evaluation of the preovulatory follicle in the mare.

Abstract Ultrasonically visible characteristics of preovulatory follicles in mares which single ovulated were studied daily for 79 preovulatory periods in 40 mares. The preovulatory follicle became the largest follicle in the ovary from which ovulation later occurred six or more days before ovulation in 65 of 79 (82%) preovulatory periods; the mean was day −7 (range, day −14 to day −4). The increase in mean diameter of the preovulatory follicle was linear (R2=99.5%) over day −7 (29.4 ± 0.8 mm) to day −1 (45.2 ± 0.5 mm; growth rate, 2.7 mm/day). Follicles which double-ovulated were smaller (P
Magnetization study of UFe2

Abstract Bulk magnetization measurements have been performed between 4 and 400 K on oriented samples cut from a single crystal of UFe2 (cubic C15-type Laves phase) used in an earlier neutron-diffraction study. The easy axis of magnetization was determined to be 〈111〉 in all cases, but the samples differed from each other in bulk magnetic properties (particularly Curie temperatures, which varied from 147 to 162 K). These variations apparently reflect small differences in stoichiometry. The upper temperature limit of the measurements was determined by the increasing presence of an “impurity” magnetization presumably arising from the precipitation of small amounts (≈0.01%) of free iron. This result implies that samples of UFe2 quenched from elevated temperatures are not stable, under equilibrium conditions, near room temperature. Subsequent measurements on polycrystalline samples deliberately prepared with excess uranium (UFe2−x) showed that the C15-type structure persists to at least UFe1.7 and that the magnetic properties vary regularly with changes in stoichiometry. The bulk magnetic moment (1.09 μB/mol) determined from a 〈111〉 oriented single crystal is significantly larger than the total moment obtained in the neutron-diffraction study on the same sample.
Dye coupling in the corneal endothelium: effects of ouabain and extracellular calcium removal

The effects of ouabain and extracellular calcium removal on gap junctional coupling of isolated rabbit corneal endothelium was examined using a modified dye-spread technique. This technique is a modification of a microelectrode procedure that now utilizes patch electrodes connected to a current-clamp circuit for dye iontophoresis and a shuttering system in the excitation light path to reduce phototoxic effects in the monolayer. It was found that a significant degree of junctional uncoupling occurred after 45 min of exposure to ouabain, quantified as a reduction in the effective diffusion coefficient of injected Lucifer yellow CH: 1.74×10-7 cm2/s (control) versus 0.43×10-7 cm2/s (ouabain-treated). It was also determined that no gap junctional uncoupling occurs after extended exposure (up to 3.5 h) to a calcium-free extracellular environment.
An experimental model for pyogenic liver abscess.

Summary We have developed a reproducible small-animal model for pyogenic liver abscess, suitable for investigating diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. Male New Zealand white rabbits weighing 2–3 kg were anaesthetized and the liver exposed. Gentle pressure was applied with forceps to the right hepatic lobe. A suspension of 10 5 colony forming units (cfu) Escherichia coli plus Fusobacterium necrophorum (10 6 cfu) plus Bacteroides fragilis (10 6 cfu) was immediately injected into a mesenteric vein. Two weeks later a palpable mass (mean diameter 4 cm) had developed. Thick pus could be aspirated percutaneously. Necropsy revealed a single, but often multiloculated, abscess at the site of the previous trauma. Injection of E. coli alone did not produce any abscesses and B. fragilis alone only small abscesses, with low and variable frequency. Inoculation with F. necrophorum alone produced large abscesses, and a dose-response relationship was established. This is a simple and reliable small-animal model useful in studies of imaging techniques, antibiotic regimens and invasive treatments for pyogenic liver abscess.
Acetyl-LDL stimulates macrophage-dependent plasminogen activation and degradation of extracellular matrix

The ability of acetyl-LDL to stimulate macrophage-dependent plasminogen activation and degradation of extracellular matrix was examined. We have found that expression of plasminogen activator activity in response to the scavenger receptor ligand varied among cell populations. Exposure to acetyl-LDL stimulated plasminogen activator expression by cells which constitutively released low levels of activator. These include a virally transformed macrophage-like cell line (RAW246.7), concanavalin A and C. parvum-activated macrophages. The stimulation of plasminogen activator activity was independent of cellular lipid accumulation since nonlipoprotein inhibitors of acetyl-LDL binding to the scavenger receptor stimulated activator expression in great excess to that observed with acetyl-LDL. In contrast, acetyl-LDL was unable to induce soluble plasminogen activator activity in cells which normally do not express it. These include a macrophage-like cell line (J774A.1) and resident peritoneal macrophages. Furthermore, acetyl-LDL was unable to modulate the copious secretion of activator by inflammatory macrophages elicited with thioglycolate. When macrophages were tested for their ability to degrade smooth muscle cell derived matrix, solubilization by resident, elicited, and activated cells was variously increased in the presence of plasminogen. Furthermore, exposure to acetyl-LDL enhanced plasmin-dependent degradation by resident cells and activated cells, whereas matrix degradation by elicited cells was unaffected.
An update on antifungal targets and mechanisms of resistance in Candida albicans

Much progress has been made in the last decade in identifying genes responsible for antifungal resistance in Candida albicans. Attention has focused on five major C. albicans genes: ABC transporter genes CDR1 and CDR2, major facilitator efflux gene MDR1, and ergosterol biosynthesis genes ERG11 and ERG3. Resistance involves mutations in 14C-lanosterol demethylase, targeted by fluconazole (FLZ) and encoded by ERG11, and mutations that up-regulate efflux genes that probably efflux the antifungals. Mutations that affect ERG3 mutations have been understudied as mechanism resistance among clinical isolates. In vitro resistance in clinical isolates typically involves step-wise mutations affecting more than one of these genes, and often unidentified genes. Different approaches are needed to identify these other genes. Very little is understood about reversible adaptive resistance of C. albicans despite its potential clinical significance; most clinical failures to control infections other than oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) occur with in vitro susceptible strains. Tolerance of C. albicans to azoles has been attributed to the calcineurin stress-response pathway, offering new potential targets for next generation antifungals. Recent studies have identified genes that regulate CDR1 or ERG genes. The focus of this review is C. albicans, although information on Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Candida glabrata is provided in areas in where Candida research is underdeveloped. With the completion of the C. albicans genomic sequence, and new methods for high throughput gene overexpression and disruption, rapid progress towards understanding the regulation of resistance, novel resistance mechanisms, and adaptive resistance is expected in the near future.
Stopping Light in a Waveguide with an All-Optical Analog of Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

We introduce a new all-optical mechanism that can compress the bandwidth of light pulses to absolute zero, and bring them to a complete stop. The mechanism can be realized in a system consisting of a waveguide side coupled to tunable resonators, which generates a photonic band structure that represents a classical analogue of the electromagnetically induced transparency. The same system can also achieve a time-reversal operation. We demonstrate the operation of such a system by finite-difference time-domain simulations of an implementation in photonic crystals.
Constant-Q Pulsed Feedback Electronics for Strapped-Down Gyro Systems

A new design is described for support electronics used with rate-integrating gyros in strapped-down operation. By using pulses of constant charge to a linear torquer, system simplicity is retained with accuracy of 40 ppm per year.
New Technologies for Metal Ion Separations: Aqueous Biphasic Extraction Chromatography (ABEC). Part I Uptake of Pertechnetate

ABSTRACT Polyethylene glycol (PEG) based-aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) have been adapted to a solid aqueous biphasic extraction chromatographic (ABEC) mode by grafting high molecular weight PEGs to a solid support and using high ionic strength salt solutions as mobile phases. The new resins behave as an ABS: in the presence of high ionic strength solutions of water-structuring anions (e.g., SO4 2-, CO32-, OH-, etc.), chaotropic ions (e.g., Tc043-) are retained. Stripping is accomplished by washing the resins with water, thus lowering the ionic strength and no longer mimicking an ABS environment. Monomethylated PEGs (Me-PEGs) of average molecular weight 350, 750, 2000, and 5000 have been grafted to chloromethylated polystyrene-1%-divinylbenzene. Quantitative uptake of tracer-scale pertechnetate has been achieved from NaOH, (NH4)SO4 K2CO3, and K3PO4 for the two higher molecular weight PEG resins, with retention increasing as the molecular weight of the grafted Me-PEG increases. No uptake is observed from w...
Some Activation Analyses of Six Trace Elements in Marine Biological Ashes

SYSTEMATIC knowledge of the abundance of trace elements in marine organisms is far from complete. Most currently accepted values have been determined by spectroscopy or flame photometry but for a number of elements these methods leave much to be desired. The method of activation analysis not only increases the sensitivity for many trace elements1 but also eliminates the necessity for running ‘blank’ analyses on the reagents since small amounts of impurities contained in the reagents will not be measured.
Hedge Funds: Systemic Risk and Public Policy

With the potential demise of more aggressively leveraged hedge funds and the remediation of their function through financial institutions, as proposed by the BIS, a very serious question remains unanswered for the developing world: How will growth be funded in emerging markets? The authors raise numerous questions as to the degree to which hedge funds foster systemic risk, and, moreover, the trade-off between the benefits the various strategies provide in investment growth and the possible costs in periods of market turbulence.
Bending stiffness and interlayer shear modulus of few-layer graphene

Interlayer shear deformation occurs in the bending of multilayer graphene with unconstrained ends, thus influencing its bending rigidity. Here, we investigate the bending stiffness and interlayer shear modulus of few-layer graphene through examining its self-folding conformation on a flat substrate using atomic force microscopy in conjunction with nonlinear mechanics modeling. The results reveal that the bending stiffness of 2–6 layers graphene follows a square-power relationship with its thickness. The interlayer shear modulus is found to be in the range of 0.36–0.49 GPa. The research findings show that the weak interlayer shear interaction has a substantial stiffening effect for multilayer graphene.
The analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide.

Abstract Carbon monoxide in amounts of 1×10-10 -5×10-9 moles have been analyzed for by means of a specially constructed gas chromatograph employing a suitable sampler, molecular sieve column and a glow discharge detector. The importance in pollution studies of an efficacious method of analysis for carbon monoxide is obvious. Gas chromatography is suitable for the analysis of small amounts of volatile substances. However, the analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide by this method is difficult. The commercially available ionization detectors do not respond well to it, while the thermal conductivity one is not sensitive enough. We have encountered this problem in the analysis of trace amounts of carbon monoxide in the presence of excess of ketones and alcohols, and have constructed a special apparatus for that purpose. The apparatus consisted of two main parts 1) a sampler, into which the contents of the mixture were transferred and diluted with nitrogen to one atmosphere, and 1–5 cc samples were withdr...
Degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerve in the rat trigeminal system: III. Abnormal sensory reinnervation of rat guard hairs following nerve transection and crush.

The present study was undertaken in an attempt to better understand the abnormalities of cutaneous sensibility that are present in patients following nerve injury with concomitant cutaneous denervation and subsequent reinnervation. Reinnervated intervibrissal pelage of the rat mystacial pad was studied in silver-impregnated sections 3 and 5 months after transecting and 2 and 5 months after crushing the infraorbital nerve. The sensory terminals on guard and vellus hairs were analyzed in serial paraffin sections and in thick frozen sections. In normal rat mystacial skin, approximately nine/ten of innervated guard hairs have a typical piloneural complex consisting of a palisade of highly regular lanceolate terminals surrounded by circularly arranged Ruffini terminals and free nerve endings (FNEs). The remaining one of ten innervated guard hairs has only circularly arranged presumptive FNEs and Ruffini terminals. Vellus hairs, either singly or in clusters, typically have only circularly arranged terminals that in many cases are simple FNEs. We first recognized abnormalities in innervation of hairs following nerve transection and fully expected nerve terminals to be completely normal following nerve crush. Almost all reinnervated sensory nerve terminals associated with guard hairs were markedly abnormal following nerve transection and quantitatively abnormal following nerve crush. Following nerve transection, lanceolate terminals were almost completely absent, and they were remarkably reduced in number following nerve crush. Vellus hairs when reinnervated typically lacked the complex circular presumptive Ruffini terminals. These findings may be in part the basis for the abnormal cutaneous sensory perceptions (dysasthesias and paresthesias) noted in human subjects following damage to nerves with subsequent sensory reinnervation of the skin. Our findings are in accord with the reports of subtle physiologic abnormalities following nerve transection and crush. Morphologically abnormal reinnervated sensory terminals may retain modality specificity but in addition respond abnormally. These conclusions may be in part the basis for abnormal sensibilities that have been reported following crushing damage to peripheral nerves.
The Coding of Spatial Location in Young Children

The present paper is concerned with the representation of spatial location in young children. We report six experiments which indicate that the basic framework for coding location is present early in life. Later development consists of an increasing ability to impose organization on a broad range of bounded spaces. In the first four experiments, we examined whether very young children, like adults, can locate objects in a homogeneous space, estimating by eye the location of those objects within some frame of reference. Results show that children from 16 to 24 months are able to use distance to code the location of an object hidden in a large sandbox. Coding of distance is not dependent on a juxtaposed outside landmark, nor on the child's own position. In the last two experiments, we examine whether young children, like adults, code the location of an object hierarchically--not only as being in a particular location in a bounded space, but also as being within a larger segment of that space. The pattern of bias in responding provides evidence for such two-level coding of location. The age at which children impose subdivisions on a space depends on the nature of that space. The sandbox is subdivided by 10-year-olds, but not by 4- or 6-year-olds. In contrast, a rectangle of similar shape drawn on paper is subdivided even by 4-year-olds. We argue that 16-month-olds in the sandbox studies also use hierarchical coding, treating the whole box as a category, although they do not divide it into subsections.
Indentation Size Effects in Multilayer Hafnia-Silica Thin Films

An experimental study of indentation size effect (ISE) on HfO2-SiO2multilayer thin films is presented. Decrease in hardness with increasing loads is observed using cube corner tip. Data is discussed using the model of Nix-Gao.
Radiation characteristics of honeycomb solar collectors

Abstract A simple closed-form expression for the infrared emittance and the solar absorptance of honeycomb solar collectors has been obtained in terms of the passage transmittance function. The predicted results agree well with the existing data of infrared emittance for thin-walled square-cell honeycomb collectors in vacuum. A new concept of double-honeycomb structure is also introduced and analyzed. This concept provides considerable flexibility in various designs of honeycomb collectors.
Altering dynamic patterns in gait using visual and proprioceptive stimuli

A dynamics framework provides a mechanism to examine patterns in gait that reflect a person's functional capabilities. Injury, aging, and disease can alter gait patterns, reflecting maladaptive behavior. Recently, interventions have been designed to specifically change gait dynamics to enhance functional capabilities. Our previous research has shown that a visual stimulus - a walking avatar - can be used to alter gait dynamics in a specified manner. This research project focuses on a proprioceptive stimulus - a robotic hip exoskeleton - to determine if similar shifts in gait dynamics are observed. This study is ongoing and preliminary results will be presented at the conference.
IDENTIFYING SPEECH ACTS IN E-MAILS: TOWARD AUTOMATED SCORING OF THE TOEIC® E-MAIL TASK

This study proposes an approach to automatically score the TOEIC® Writing e-mail task. We focus on one component of the scoring rubric, which notes whether the test-takers have used particular speech acts such as requests, orders, or commitments. We developed a computational model for automated speech act identification and tested it on a corpus of TOEIC responses, achieving up to 79.28% accuracy. This model represents a positive first step toward the development of a more comprehensive scoring model. We also created a corpus of speech act-annotated native English workplace e-mails. Comparisons between these and the TOEIC data allow us to assess whether English learners are approximating native models and whether differences between native and non-native data can have negative consequences in the global workplace.
Gravitational effects on the magnetic attenuation of superconductors.

It is found that when gravitational effects are taken into account, the two historical independent traditional hallmarks of ideal superconductors---perfect conductivity (\ensuremath{\sigma}) and perfect diamagnetism characterized by zero permeability (\ensuremath{\mu})---are actually related to each other in terms of a theoretical \ensuremath{\sigma}-\ensuremath{\mu} model developed in this paper. Our result suggests a possible importance of gravitational effects in understanding superconductivity.
Knotless suture-based anchors

Rotator cuff repair, labral repair, and stabilizations are commonly performed procedures in the shoulder. Until the last decade these were usually performed using open or mini-open techniques. Recent advances in surgical techniques allow most of these procedures to be done arthroscopically. Original arthroscopic techniques required the use of suture anchors and arthroscopic knot tying. The newest generation of arthroscopic fixation devices utilizes knotless suture-based anchors which eliminate the need for knot tying. These devices are relatively new to the market and afford the surgeon the ability to achieve a stable repair while bypassing the often time-consuming and frustrating task of tying arthroscopic knots. An understanding of the selection of such devices and their biomechanical parameters is important for those contemplating arthroscopic repairs. In this article we review the knotless suture-based anchors available for use in both labral and rotator cuff arthroscopic surgery.
Immunization against Cryptococcus neoformans by capsular polysaccharide.

IT has been reported1 that crude Cryptococcus neoformans capsular polysaccharide when injected by the subcutaneous route was incapable of protecting mice against a lethal challenge dose of the parent organism. Purified polysaccharide, on the other hand, elicited a minimal protective response which was markedly increased by coupling to an ion exchange resin adjuvant. Both polysaccharides were obtained by direct recovery from cell-free culture medium. More recently it was shown indirectly that the protective antigen appeared to be concentrated in an area of the capsule immediately surrounding the cell wall2. It was therefore of interest to determine if fractionation of the capsule by repeated grinding would provide antigens with increased stimulatory properties.
Location and Magnitude of Conductance Changes Produced by Renshaw Recurrent Inhibition in Spinal Motoneurons

The mean location of Renshaw synapses on spinal motoneurons and their synaptic conductance were estimated from changes in impedance magnitude produced by sustained recurrent inhibition. Motoneuron ...
Migration and Children's Welfare in China: The Schooling and Health of Children Left behind

Although the effect of the migration process on the family has been extensively studied, much less attention has been given to the impact of migration on children, especially those children who are left behind. Children whose parents have migrated are usually looked after by members of their extended family. In this paper, we compare the well-being of children who live in rural Chinese households in which the parents either have or have not migrated, and we then examine the extent to which parental migration affects children's welfare (i.e., schooling and health conditions). Our findings show that, compared to children whose parents have migrated, children whose parents have not migrated were better off in terms of school enrollment and years of schooling. Meanwhile, children of migrant parents generally demanded more recognition from parents and peers and were more likely to develop a smoking habit. Regarding children's health, this paper also identifies some negative impacts of parental migration on children's receiving of health care and on the general quality of their health; however, the extent was not as substantial as in the case of schooling. Overall, our findings suggest that parental absence due to labor migration affected children's mental and, to a lesser extent, physical well-being. The results also confirm the common observation that the care provided by the extended family is often limited to tangible help and rarely involves spiritual inspiration.
HIV Lipodystrophy: Review of the Syndrome and Report of a Case Treated with Liposuction

Background. A syndrome characterized by loss of fat on the face and limbs, localized fatty deposits on the trunk, and metabolic disturbances is becoming increasingly recognized in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patient population. Objective. To increase awareness of this syndrome among dermatologists and dermatologic surgeons and to review its various treatment options, including liposuction. Methods. We present a patient with HIV lipodystrophy syndrome who underwent tumescent liposuction. We also describe our experience with liposuction in the management of this condition and review the treatment options that have been proposed in the literature. Results. In the medical management of HIV lipodystrophy, various agents have been utilized but most have yielded disappointing results. Preliminary evidence on the use of tumescent liposuction in these patients suggests that significant improvement in the cosmetic disfigurement can be achieved. Conclusion. This syndrome is common among HIV-infected patients and remains difficult to treat. Although medical therapy may be preferable in most patients, liposuction represents a viable option in selected individuals.
Fabrication of flexible and disposable carbon paste-based electrodes and their electrochemical sensing

The paper describes a disposable electrochemical biosensor for glucose monitoring. The sensor is based on carbon paste immobilized with glucose oxidase and upon screen printed electrodes. The sensor has been tested effectively for the blood glucose levels corresponding to normal (70 to 99 mg/dL or 3.9 to5.5 mmol/L), pre-diabetic (100 to 125 mg/dL or 5.6 to 6.9 mmol/L) and diabetic (>126 mg/dL or 7.0 mmol/L). The calibration curve and the sensitivity of the sensor were measured.
Energies of curved metallic surfaces from the stabilized-jellium model

In the liquid-drop model, the total energy of a system is expanded as a sum of volume, surface, and curvature terms. We derive an expression for the curvature energy of a metal in terms of the electron-density profile for a planar surface, and show that the resulting values agree with the fits of calculated or measured total energies to the liquid-drop expansion. In particular, this expansion accurately describes the formation energies of microscopic voids (including monovacancies) in metals. In our calculations, the curvature energy is determined by the bulk density. It is nearly the same for restricted trial density profiles as for self-consistent Kohn-Sham profiles, for the fourth-order gradient expansion as for the exact kinetic energy, and for jellium as for stabilized jellium. We also report Kohn-Sham results for the surface energy and work function. The stabilized-jellium model, while retaining the simplicity and nonempirical character of jellium, gives a significantly more realistic description of the simple metals, especially those with high bulk densities.
Mobile media metadata: metadata creation system for mobile images

In the 2003, more camera phones were sold worldwide than digital cameras. With this new platform, we can leverage regularities in the spatio-temporal context and social community of media capture and use to infer media content. We created and deployed a "Mobile Media Metadata" (MMM) prototype on Nokia 3650 camera phones with 55 users that uses "context-to-content" inferencing, a shared metadata ontology, and user interaction at the point of capture to effectively infer media content annotations, specifically the semantic description of the location of the subject of users' photos.