cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
"Honorable Toward Your Whole Self": Experiences of the Body in Fatigued Breast Cancer Survivors.

Introduction Cancer Related Fatigue (CRF) is one of the most common and detrimental side effects of cancer treatment. Despite its increasing prevalence and severity CRF remains dismissed by the majority of clinicians. One reason for the apparent gap between clinical need and clinical undertaking is the penchant toward reductionist accounts of the disorder: a tendency to discount the interface between the lived experience of sufferers and the multi-dimensional etiology of CRF as it manifests adversely on a day-to-day basis. Methods In order to better understand the interplay between social, bodily, and emotional components of the disorder we undertook semi-structured interviews with thirteen Breast Cancer survivors suffering from CRF, and then subsequently analyzed their responses using Team Based Qualitative Analysis. Results Our analysis revealed multiple dimensions of the social and bodily underpinnings of fatigue. Most relevantly we found a consistent change in the level and quality of attention to bodily signals. This shift in awareness appeared to be directly connected to the experience of CRF and a newfound, "respect," for the needs of the body. Furthermore, we found that many of the practices that were described as helpful in alleviating fatigue were oriented around eliciting a sense of embodied awareness, examples being: dance, yoga, and shamanic ritual. This relationship with bodily sensations existed in conjunction with the anxiety and trauma that arose as a result of cancer treatment. Conclusion Our analysis suggests that the quality of awareness and relationship to bodily experience in CRF is a functionally relevant component of the disorder and should be considered as an experiential target moving forward.
State survey of silviculture nonpoint source programs: a comparison of the 2000 northeastern and national results

The National Association of State Foresters conducts surveys of silviculture nonpoint source (NPS) pollution control programs to measure progress and identify needs. The 2000 survey results are summarized here for the nation and for the 20-state northeastern region. Current emphasis of NPS pollution programs is on education, training, and monitoring. Educational efforts are used to make more landowners aware of their responsibilities to control pollution during timber harvesting and to make the public and lawmakers more aware of efective pollution control procedures forforestry. Training offoresters, loggers, and landowners in NPS pollution control expanded during the last 4 yr in part due to forest industry's Sustainable Forest Initiative and increased logger accreditation and forester licensing programs. Several states reported improved compliance and perJormance in controlling NPS pollution as a result of certification and licensing programs. Recommendations are made to continue the progress in NPS pollution control in forestry. North. J. Appl. For. 19(3):122-127.
Colorblind transit planning: Modern streetcars in Washington, DC, and New Orleans

This article analyzes case studies of the H Street Streetcar in Washington, DC, and the Rampart Streetcar in New Orleans, two newly built U.S. streetcars that are part of a national trend of modern...
Social mice seeking circuits.

Hu et al. show that the posterodorsal medial amygdala selectively controls social-reward seeking through its intersection with canonical dopaminergic reward circuits. To identify this circuitry, the authors developed an elegant new affiliative social operant procedure that separates social interaction from social-reward seeking.
Thyroarytenoid Muscle Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Early-Onset Parkinson's Disease.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Voice disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) are early-onset, manifest in the preclinical stages of the disease, and negatively impact quality of life. The complete loss of function in the PTEN-induced kinase 1 gene (Pink1) causes a genetic form of early-onset, autosomal recessive PD. Modeled after the human inherited mutation, the Pink1-/- rat demonstrates significant cranial sensorimotor dysfunction including declines in ultrasonic vocalizations. However, the underlying genetics of the vocal fold thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle that may contribute to vocal deficits has not been studied. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes in the TA muscle of 8-month-old male Pink1-/- rats compared to wildtype controls. STUDY DESIGN Animal experiment with control. METHODS High throughput RNA sequencing was used to examine TA muscle gene expression in adult male Pink1-/- rats and wildtype controls. Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis was used to construct co-expression modules to identify biological networks, including where Pink1 was a central node. The ENRICHR tool was used to compare this gene set to existing human gene databases. RESULTS We identified 134 annotated differentially expressed genes (P < .05 cutoff) and observed enrichment in the following biological pathways: Parkinson's disease (Casp7, Pink1); Parkin-Ubiquitin proteasome degradation (Psmd12, Psmd7); MAPK signaling (Casp7, Ppm1b, Ppp3r1); and inflammatory TNF-α, Nf-κB Signaling (Casp7, Psmd12, Psmd7, Cdc34, Bcl7a, Peg3). CONCLUSIONS Genes and pathways identified here may be useful for evaluating the specific mechanisms of peripheral dysfunction including within the laryngeal muscle and have potential to be used as experimental biomarkers for treatment development. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 131:E2874-E2879, 2021.
The New Macho Man Is Out to Destroy Us All

A raging global pandemic producing hundreds of thousands of deaths and millions of cases of prolonged illness should also produce humbling reflections on humanity’s place in the much greater materi...
Assessment of artificial neural network and genetic programming as predictive tools

Two major soft computing techniques, ANN and GP, are evaluated in detail.A case study in punching shear modeling of RC slabs is modeled.The models are compared based on model complexity, statistical validation and parametric study.Overfitting potential of the models is evaluated and suggestions are provided.The results indicate model acceptance criteria should include engineering analysis. Soft computing techniques have been widely used during the last two decades for nonlinear system modeling, specifically as predictive tools. In this study, the performances of two well-known soft computing predictive techniques, artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP), are evaluated based on several criteria, including over-fitting potential. A case study in punching shear prediction of RC slabs is modeled here using a hybrid ANN (which includes simulated annealing and multi-layer perception) and an established GP variant called gene expression programming. The ANN and GP results are compared to values determined from several design codes. For more verification, external validation and parametric studies were also conducted. The results of this study indicate that model acceptance criteria should include engineering analysis from parametric studies.
Climatic controls on ecosystem resilience: Postfire regeneration in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa

Conservation of biodiversity and natural resources in a changing climate requires understanding what controls ecosystem resilience to disturbance. This understanding is especially important in the fire-prone Mediterranean systems of the world. The fire frequency in these systems is sensitive to climate, and recent climate change has resulted in more frequent fires over the last few decades. However, the sensitivity of postfire recovery and biomass/fuel load accumulation to climate is less well understood than fire frequency despite its importance in driving the fire regime. In this study, we develop a hierarchical statistical framework to model postfire ecosystem recovery using satellite-derived observations of vegetation as a function of stand age, topography, and climate. In the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) of South Africa, a fire-prone biodiversity hotspot, we found strong postfire recovery gradients associated with climate resulting in faster recovery in regions with higher soil fertility, minimum July (winter) temperature, and mean January (summer) precipitation. Projections using an ensemble of 11 downscaled Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) general circulation models (GCMs) suggest that warmer winter temperatures in 2080-2100 will encourage faster postfire recovery across the region, which could further increase fire frequency due to faster fuel accumulation. However, some models project decreasing precipitation in the western CFR, which would slow recovery rates there, likely reducing fire frequency through lack of fuel and potentially driving local biome shifts from fynbos shrubland to nonburning semidesert vegetation. This simple yet powerful approach to making inferences from large, remotely sensed datasets has potential for wide application to modeling ecosystem resilience in disturbance-prone ecosystems globally.
A Screen for Fraudulent Return Smoothing in the Hedge Fund Industry

This paper constructs a statistical screen for fraudulent return smoothing in the hedge fund industry. We show that if true returns are independently distributed, and a manager fully reports gains but delays reporting losses, then reported hedge fund returns will feature conditional serial correlation. Simulation evidence indicates that the power of the screen is restricted by the limited histories of some funds, but may still be sufficient to deter fraudulent return smoothing. Empirical evidence shows that the probability of observing conditional serial correlation is related to the volatility and magnitude of investor cash flows, consistent with managerial smoothing in response to the risk of capital flight.
A Survey of Numerical Methods for Integral Equations

A brief survey of the existing literature on numerical methods for integral equations is given. Emphasis is placed on equations in one unknown, although it is noted that many methods can be carried over to multidimensional equations as well. Some discussion is presented on the relation of numerical analysis to applications, and areas are delineated for future research.
Seasonally-Dynamic Presence-Only Species Distribution Models for a Cryptic Migratory Bat Impacted by Wind Energy Development.

Understanding seasonal distribution and movement patterns of animals that migrate long distances is an essential part of monitoring and conserving their populations. Compared to migratory birds and other more conspicuous migrants, we know very little about the movement patterns of many migratory bats. Hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus), a cryptic, wide-ranging, long-distance migrant, comprise a substantial proportion of the tens to hundreds of thousands of bat fatalities estimated to occur each year at wind turbines in North America. We created seasonally-dynamic species distribution models (SDMs) from 2,753 museum occurrence records collected over five decades in North America to better understand the seasonal geographic distributions of hoary bats. We used 5 SDM approaches: logistic regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, boosted regression trees, random forest, and maximum entropy and consolidated outputs to generate ensemble maps. These maps represent the first formal hypotheses for sex- and season-specific hoary bat distributions. Our results suggest that North American hoary bats winter in regions with relatively long growing seasons where temperatures are moderated by proximity to oceans, and then move to the continental interior for the summer. SDMs suggested that hoary bats are most broadly distributed in autumn—the season when they are most susceptible to mortality from wind turbines; this season contains the greatest overlap between potentially suitable habitat and wind energy facilities. Comparing wind-turbine fatality data to model outputs could test many predictions, such as ‘risk from turbines is highest in habitats between hoary bat summering and wintering grounds’. Although future field studies are needed to validate the SDMs, this study generated well-justified and testable hypotheses of hoary bat migration patterns and seasonal distribution.
Reliable Generation of High-Performance Matrix Algebra

Scientific programmers often turn to vendor-tuned Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) to obtain portable high performance. However, many numerical algorithms require several BLAS calls in sequence, and those successive calls do not achieve optimal performance. The entire sequence needs to be optimized in concert. Instead of vendor-tuned BLAS, a programmer could start with source code in Fortran or C (e.g., based on the Netlib BLAS) and use a state-of-the-art optimizing compiler. However, our experiments show that optimizing compilers often attain only one-quarter of the performance of hand-optimized code. In this article, we present a domain-specific compiler for matrix kernels, the Build to Order BLAS (BTO), that reliably achieves high performance using a scalable search algorithm for choosing the best combination of loop fusion, array contraction, and multithreading for data parallelism. The BTO compiler generates code that is between 16p slower and 39p faster than hand-optimized code.
In pursuit of appropriate urinary catheter indications: details matter.

The editorialist discusses Medding and colleagues' article on the appropriate use of urinary catheters in hospitalized medical patients and stresses that we need to focus on the details: the specif...
Unbecoming blackness: the diaspora cultures of Afro-Cuban America

Unbecoming Blackness poses directly the question of an underdiscussed afrolatinidad in Cuban American Studies. The book opens up by analysing the lives and performances of key figures in the Afro-C...
Human vaginal epithelial multilayer tissue culture.

Fragments of normal human adult vagina, when explanted onto glass slides gave rise to outgrowing sheets of pure epithelium, which had microscopic morphological features in common with normal vaginal epithelium. Infrequent fibroblast contamination was observed. Proliferating epithelial cells formedmultilayers of stratified squamous epithelium and demonstrated a progressive decrease in proliferative activity after 14 days. Continuous lines of epithelial cells were not obtained. Even in the absence of estrogens, transmission electron microscopy revealed evidence of keratinization of the superficial cells of the multilayer. Scanning electron microscopy of the surface of mature epithelial cells in culture revealed ultrastructural features that closely resembled those present on the surface of exfoliated cells obtained by scraping the vagina in vivo. This in vitro tissue culture model of human vaginal epithelium may provide a simple method of studying factors that influence vaginal epithelium growth, maturation and function.
Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on the developmental pattern of temperature preference in a thermocline.

Abstract Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with a variety of impairments in neonatal state regulatory systems. Since prenatal alcohol exposure causes thermoregulatory deficits in response to both heat and cold stress in rats, body temperature set-point might be altered in alcohol-exposed offspring. The effect of prenatal alcohol exposure on behavior in a thermocline was investigated in 10-, 15-, and 125-day-old male and female rats from three prenatal treatment conditions: alcohol liquid diet, pair-fed liquid diet control, or standard control. Subjects were placed in the thermocline in the cold, hot, or middle start positions and observed for 60 min. Subjects exposed to alcohol prenatally had a wider “preference zone” than control subjects at 10 and 15 days of age, but did not as adults. This widening of the temperature set-point in young subjects prenatally exposed to alcohol may represent a developmental lag in the development of body temperature set-point or a central compensatory process allowing the animal to adapt to alternating experiences of heat and cold stress.
Fluid simulations of an AC plasma display panel (AC-PDP)

Summary form only given. The AC-PDP is a promising candidate for flat screen applications requiring large surface areas (e.g. high definition television). Important issues for the design of such displays include maximizing luminous efficiency and lifetime, tailoring spectral output for specific phosphors, optimizing electrode geometry, dielectric coatings, and composition of the Penning gas mixture. It would be desirable to have a model which could guide the experimental investigation of new designs. An ideal model would be able to predict the dynamics of charged species, many excited states and photons to predict spectral output in a potentially complex (2-D or even 3-D) geometry, over several discharge cycles. A model which would simultaneously examine geometrical effects and a complete manifold of excited states would not lend itself well to parametric studies. We are in the process of developing a flexible computational tool which can be configured as the requirement for a particular study dictates. The most general form of the model can treat any arbitrary set of time dependent ordinary or partial differential equations in 0-D, 1-D or 2-D. Each cell face can be specified as an interior cell, or symmetry, Diriclet, Neumann, or Robin boundary conditions can be specified, allowing for the study of complicated geometries. The specific model is general with respect to the number of ionic and neutral species which can be included with the transport described by time-dependent reaction-diffusion-convection equations.
A study of the sodium residue from a dilute solution of sodium in liquid ammonia

Abstract Dilute solutions of sodium in liquid ammonia at −78°C were prepared in quartz ampules. Previous work has shown that such solutions react with strongly adsorbed water on the container surface. After allowing the solution to react, the ammonia was pumped off. The residue evolved hydrogen when heated in vacuum. This suggests that the residue contained sodium hydride. Hence, not all the hydrogen formed in the reaction is evolved from the blue solution, but some remains behind chemically combined with sodium.
Examining the Conservative Shift from Harsh Justice

Recently, a political shift has been observed, in that some political conservatives are now advocating, adjusting, or abandoning draconian drug laws, including mandatory minimums, and funding diversion, re-entry, and drug programs. Vocal proponents of this movement include Grover Norquist, Rand Paul, Edwin Meese, and Mark Levin, from the Texas Public Policy Council. Any movement away from the mass incarceration that has characterized the U.S. correctional policy for the last 30 years is welcomed; however, it is important to note carefully the philosophical foundation of the conservative’s interest in shifting correctional policy. This paper explores the potential factors contributing to this philosophical shift.
Transsternal repair of coarctation and associated cardiac defects.

Abstract Over a 13-year period, 20 infants and children underwent transsternal approach for repair of coarctation and associated cardiac defects. Fifteen patients (75%) were operated on in the last 6 years. Thirteen patients (group 1) had intracardiac shunts and 7 (group 2), intracardiac obstruction of valvular insufficiency. Group 1 had a mean age of 0.8 ± 1.9 years versus 4 ± 3 years for group 2 ( p = 0.05). There were 12 patients (92%), 7 months old or less in group 1. Aortic arch hypoplasia was present in 6 patients in group 1. A large patent ductus arteriosus was present in 5 of these 6 patients versus no patent ductus arteriosus in patients without aortic arch hypoplasia ( p = 0.006). The mean pulmonary blood flow to systemic blood flow ratio in group 1 was 3.8 ± 2 and the mean right ventricular to left ventricular ratio, 0.8 ± 0.2. The coarctation repair fell mostly into three types: side patch aortoplasty (8), ductal tissue excision and patch aortoplasty of the concavity of the aortic arch (6), and subclavian aortoplasty (4). There was one early death (5%) which was due to sepsis in a newborn. Another newborn who had subclavian aortoplasty needed a left carotid artery—descending aorta bypass conduit early because of aortic arch hypoplasia. All patients were followed to 12 years (mean follow-up, 4.3 ± 3.5 years). There were no late deaths. Two patients had recurrent coarctation, 1 after an end-to-end repair and the other because of incomplete arch enlargement after a side patch aortoplasty. We conclude that a transsternal approach, which minimizes incisions and reoperations, can be safely accomplished in infants and children to repair coarctation and associated cardiac defects. Although most coarctation repair techniques could be performed, ductal tissue excision with patch aortoplasty of the concavity of the arch appears simple and provides an excellent option for complete relief of obstruction, unhampered aortic growth, and probably reduced aneurysm formation.
14-O-Heterocyclic-substituted naltrexone derivatives as non-peptide mu opioid receptor selective antagonists: design, synthesis, and biological studies.

Mu opioid receptor antagonists have clinical utility and are important research tools. To develop non-peptide and highly selective mu opioid receptor antagonist, a series of 14-O-heterocyclic-substituted naltrexone derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated. These compounds showed subnanomolar-to-nanomolar binding affinity for the mu opioid receptor. Among them, compound 1 exhibited the highest selectivity for the mu opioid receptor over the delta and kappa receptors. These results implicated an alternative ‘address’ domain in the extracellular loops of the mu opioid receptor.
Resisting hate crime discourse: queer and intersectional challenges to neoliberal hate crime laws

Hate crime laws have reinforced neoliberalism by expanding police and prosecutorial power, adding to the rapid expansion of incarcerated populations. Further, hate crime discourse associates anti-queer violence with notions of “stranger danger,” and thereby reproduces problematic race and social class politics in which an innocent, implicitly middle-class, person is suddenly and randomly attacked by a hateful, implicitly low-income, person. Thus, the author argues that queer and intersectional resistance should reject hate crime discourse and, instead, focus on the experiences of marginalized lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. By doing so, scholarship and activism concerned with reducing anti-queer violence can benefit a wide range of LGBT people without reinforcing inequalities based on race and social class.
Human testicular cultures. II. Sertoli cells.

Two cell types, one epithelioid and the other fibroblast-like, were found in human testicular cultures derived from testes of patients. Ultrastructural studies indicated that, whereas the epithelioid cells were Sertoli cells, the fibroblast-like cells were fibroblasts. The Sertoli cells could maintain growth for a period of more than 4 months. In cultures derived from normal testes, only fibroblasts were observed.
Large-Eddy Simulation of Sediment Transport: Currents over Ripples

A large-eddy simulation has been performed to study the detailed sediment dynamics that occur in channel flow over ripples. The code solves the Navier-Stokes equations and an advection-diffusion equation for the sediment, and has been verified to produce quantitatively accurate hydrodynamic results for the flow domains used in this study. The main features of interest in this flow are seen because of the high resolution of the grid, especially near the ripple boundary. This yields a detailed bottom shear stress distribution, properly identified coherent structures, and resolved sharp gradients in the sediment concentration. Globally, the sediment is carried up into the flow from locations where the shear stress is high—on the upslopes of ripple crests—and is advected downstream by the current and upward by the vertical velocity component. Regions of positive vertical velocity are associated with Gortler vortices, which represent a significant sediment transport mechanism in this flow.
Bubble growth processes at grain boundaries in CVD tungsten

Abstract Some recent measurements of gas bubbles on the grain boundaries in chemically vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten after various annealing treatments are analyzed in terms of three existing models of bubble growth in solids. The bubbles had average diameters in the range 0.08 to 5.6 μm. For these bubbles, growth by bodily migration and coalescence is shown to be highly improbable for the annealing times involved. The general pattern of the experimentally observed bubble growth can be most closely described by a model involving bubble dissolution and reprecipitation. This growth is characterized by an activation energy of approximately 92 kcal/g-atom, which is close to that for self-diffusion of tungsten in the grain boundaries. At high annealing temperatures bubble growth is enhanced by overlapping or in situ coalescence.
Self-Efficacy , Affect, and Seeking Support Between Caregivers of Dementia and Non-Dementia Patients

The present study sought to determine if caregivers' seeking support was related to the level of affect and self-efficacy concerning caring for the terminally ill individual. Important to the present study was the results suggesting that female caregiveis display an overall higher level of negative affect and that this negative affect was perceived as more intense than expressed by the male counterpart. The results imply that caregivers of dementia patients, in comparison to caregivers of nondementia family members, express lower levels of affect and self-efficacy, and that early in the caregiving process seek. more support than they receive. These findings suggest that on the average, dementing illnesses have a more burdensome emotional impact on the caregiver, but that adaptive processes improve the emotional outlook over time.
COST EFFECTIVENESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY

The usefulness and cost-effectiveness of non-invasive procedures performed on 77 infants and children at their initial cardiac evaluation were determined. Over a 6 month period, patients (pts) seen for the first time in the pediatric cardiology clinics at Downstate Medical Center and Brookdale Hospital Medical Center, were examined separately by 3 board certified pediatric cardiologists. In addition, a chest X-ray,electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram were obtained on each patient and the results were compared with published standard norms for age. Dr. A performed a history (H) and physical (P) only. Dr. B performed an H and P and reviewed the ECG and chest X-ray only. Dr. C performed an H and P and reviewed the echocardiogram only. Each doctor then independently classified a patient as having (I) definite heart disease, (II) possible heart disease, or (III) no heart disease. The 3 doctors agreed in 68 pts (88%). In 9 pts there was an interobserver disagreement. 2 pts were classified as I and II and 7 pts were classified as II and III. No pts were classified as I and III or I, II, and III. We conclude that routine non-invasive studies are not necessary at initial cardiac evaluation in order to differentiate heart disease from no heart disease. Therefore, selective use of these studies should result in significant reduction of health care costs. (Supported by HHS Grant #1RO1 HSO4935-01).
Folate, Vitamin B12, and S-Adenosylmethionine

Folate (vitamin B9) and cobalamin (vitamin B12) are essential for the normal development and function of the central nervous system. The metabolism of these vitamins is intimately linked and supports the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), the major methyl group donor in methylation reactions. This article reviews the metabolic and clinical importance of folate, vitamin B12, and SAMe, as well as clinical trials in relation to depression and dementia.
Mechanism of heterolysis of H2 by an unsaturated d8 nickel center: via tetravalent nickel?

Collision of H2 with the unusual nickel complex, (PNP)Ni+, where PNP = (tBu2PCH2SiMe2)2N, forms a rare dihydrogen complex of the d8 configuration which then rearranges to heterolytically cleave the H−H bond. Experimental studies support a short H/H distance in the coordinated diatomic, and DFT calculations show that the transition state for heterolysis, in spite of the fact that this involves an amide nitrogen located trans to the H2, has the H/H bond fully split, and has all the geometric features of Ni(IV), but this is a local maximum, not a minimum.
Tuning the thermal relaxation of transition-metal ferrite nanoparticles through their intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy

Monodispersed ferrite nanoparticles of Fe3O4, MnFe2O4, and CoFe2O4 (near to 10 nm), were synthesized by organometallic synthesis, showing the same homogeneous chemical, morphological, and crystalline characteristics. The study and correlation of the thermal relaxation processes were analyzed through static and dynamic measurements. Due to the intrinsic chemical characteristics and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the ferrite nanoparticles, the energy barrier can be tuned to a range between 1100 K ≤ EB ≤ 7300 K, showing an alternative approach for tuning the magnetic dynamic properties, in contrast to the well-known mechanism through particle-size-effects. Specific loss power efficiencies were evaluated for the three ferrite samples. Comparing the three samples at the maximum ac frequency of ν = 10 kHz, MnFe2O4 exhibits the single-peak maximum of loss with the value of 273 erg/s · g at T = 65 K, whereas for the CoFe2O4, a maximum of 132 erg/s · g (T = 217 K) was determined. A considerable drop in the effic...
The equilibrium radius of microemulsions formed with ionic surfactants

Abstract A theoretical analysis of microemulsions formed in a system containing oil, water, ionic surfactant, cosurfactant, and salt is presented. In the method suggested, the basic thermodynamic equations which have been derived previously for the nonionic system are altered to take into account the supplementary effects generated by the surface charge and the added salt. Thus the interfacial tension now includes the free energy of formation of nonoverlapping double layers and the free energy due to the repulsive interactions caused by the double layers overlap. The basic equation for the equilibrium radius includes additional terms containing the repulsive and attractive forces between the globules. In addition, when the nearest distance between the globules becomes comparable to twice the Debye length of the double layer, one can no longer define bulk concentrations for the ionic surfactant and added salt. To facilitate the computation of the electrical potential, each globule is associated with a cell by distributing the volume of the continuous phase equally among the droplets. Further, in order to obtain analytical solutions for the electric potential, the system of cells is approximated by equivalent planar systems. The interfacial densities of the surfactant and cosurfactant are expressed as functions of the number densities at the periphery of the cells. Mass balances are carried out to relate these number densities with the total amounts of surfactant and cosurfactant added to the system. The equilibrium radius of the globules is computed to a good approximation by equating the interfacial tension to zero. The effects of the added salt concentration, of the total amounts of surfactant, as well as of cosurfactant on the equilibrium radius are calculated. An equilibrium curve for phase separation is computed by equating the solubility limit of the surfactant to the number density at the periphery of the cell. The linear plots observed experimentally for the maximum volume fraction of p-xylene solubilized vs the amount of decanol, for various concentrations of sodium octanoate, are explained.
Determination of the thermal transport properties of ammonia borane and its thermolysis product (polyiminoborane) using the transient plane source technique

Abstract Reliable thermal property data are necessary to improve the fidelity of chemical hydride thermal decomposition models. The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of ammonia borane (NH 3 BH 3 ) and its partial thermolysis product (polyiminoborane) were measured at various packing densities using a transient plane source technique under ambient conditions. The particle size of the ammonia borane powder was between 200 and 600 μm, while the particle size of the polyiminoborane powder was between 10 and 30 μm. The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of the ammonia borane increased from 0.17 to 0.24 mm 2 /s and 0.19 to 0.44 W/m K (±10%), respectively, when its packing density was increased from 0.37 to 0.58 g/cm 3 . The increase in thermal conductivity is due to the increase in contact area between particles and the increase in the thermal diffusivity is related to an increase in density and volumetric heat capacity caused by compaction. The thermal conductivity of the polyiminoborane powder was approximately three times lower, likely due to its higher porosity. The thermal diffusivity and conductivity of this product changed from 0.21 to 0.12 mm 2 /s and 0.068 to 0.23 W/m K (±10%), respectively, when its packing density was increased from 0.13 to 0.96 g/cm 3 .
Action of Choline on Lipid Phosphorylation in the Kidney, Heart and Aorta.

Summary1. The lipid phosphorylation affects of a single dose of choline were compared in rats maintained on low protein-high fat diet or similar diet supplemented with methyl acceptor, guanidoacetic acid. 2. Administration of a single dose of choline stimulated lipid phosphorylation in the kidney. heart and aorta.
Colorectal cancer stage at diagnosis and area socioeconomic characteristics in New Jersey

Abstract Despite effective screening methods, research suggests consistently higher rates of late stage colorectal cancer (CRC) among persons living in low socioeconomic areas compared to those living in affluent areas. This population-based study evaluated the association between area-based socioeconomic measures (ABSMs) and CRC stage at diagnosis in New Jersey. Cases of CRC among persons 50 years and older, diagnosed from 2000–2005, were obtained from the New Jersey State Cancer Registry. Associations between census tract-level ABSMs and CRC stage at diagnosis were evaluated using logistic regression and geographic variation assessed using a spatial scan statistic. After adjusting for covariates, including individual-level health insurance, ABSMs were significantly associated with stage at diagnosis. As area socioeconomic conditions worsened, the odds of being diagnosed at a late stage increased. While increasing CRC screening services for all New Jersey populations is warranted, this study suggests that persons living in low socioeconomic areas could benefit the most from enhanced CRC education, screening efforts, and guided interventions.
NOX and Inflammation in the Vascular Adventitia

Vascular inflammation has traditionally been thought to be initiated at the luminal surface and progress through the media toward the adventitial layer. In recent years, however, evidence has emerged suggesting that the vascular adventitia is activated early in a variety of cardiovascular diseases and that it plays an important role in the initiation and progression of vascular inflammation. Adventitial fibroblasts have been shown to produce substantial amounts of NAD(P)H oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to vascular injury. Additionally, inflammatory cytokines, lipids, and various hormones, implicated in fibroblast proliferation and migration, lead to recruitment of inflammatory cells to the adventitial layer and impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Early in the development of vascular disease, there is clear evidence for progression toward a denser vasa vasorum which delivers oxygen and nutrients to an increasingly hypoxic and nutrient-deficient media. This expanded vascularization appears to provide enhanced delivery of inflammatory cells to the adventitia and outer media. Combined adventitial fibroblast and inflammatory cell-derived ROS therefore are expected to synergize their local effect on adventitial parenchymal cells, leading to further cytokine release and a feed-forward propagation of adventitial ROS production. In fact, data from our laboratory and others suggest a broader paracrine positive feedback role for adventitia-derived ROS in medial smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and neointimal hyperplasia. A likely candidate responsible for the adventitia-derived paracrine signaling across the vessel wall is the superoxide anion metabolite hydrogen peroxide, which is highly stable, cell permeant, and capable of activating downstream signaling mechanisms in smooth muscle cells, leading to phenotypic modulation of smooth muscle cells. This review addresses the role of adventitial NAD(P)H oxidase-derived ROS from a nontraditional, perivascular vantage of promoting vascular inflammation and will discuss how ROS derived from adventitial NAD(P)H oxidases may be a catalyst for vascular remodeling and dysfunction.
A Platform for Studying Structures of Membrane Proteins Inserted into Nanodiscs

Membrane proteins are critical to many biological processes and account for 70% of all know pharmacological targets. However, there are only a few hundred unique membrane protein structures available in protein data bank due to the difficulty in forming crystals for x-ray crystallography or electron crystallography. Several methods have been developed to study structures of membrane proteins in lipid membrane environments (e.g. helical, planar, or spherical membranes). Among those, insertion of membrane proteins in lipid nanodiscs offers some benefits in terms of size, homogeneity, and curvature. In the studied structures, the nanodisc is considered part of the whole complex. Here, we proposed to develop a platform to computationally remove the nanodisc contributions. This is essential for the proteins not inserted at a fixed position in nanodisc (i.e. proteins are floating in the nanodisc). In addition, the geometry of the nanodisc will be used to aid the determination of two of the three Euler angles. This will decrease the computational requirement, increase accuracy of the determined orientation of each individual protein particles, and thus increase the resolution of the determined structure.
Checkpoint-restart for a network of virtual machines

The ability to easily deploy parallel computations on the Cloud is becoming ever more important. The first uniform mechanism for checkpointing a network of virtual machines is described. This is important for the parallel versions of common productivity software. Potential examples of parallelism include Simulink for MATLAB, parallel R for the R statistical modelling language, parallel blast.py for the BLAST bioinformatics software, IPython.parallel for Python, and GNU parallel for parallel shells. The checkpoint mechanism is implemented as a plugin in the DMTCP checkpoint-restart package. It operates on KVM/QEMU, and has also been adapted to Lguest and pure user-space QEMU. The plugin is surprisingly compact, comprising just 400 lines of code to checkpoint a single virtual machine, and 200 lines of code for a plugin to support saving and restoring network state. Incremental checkpoints of the associated virtual filesystem are accommodated through the Btrfs filesystem. Experiments demonstrate checkpoint times of a fraction of a second by using forked checkpointing, mmap-based restart, and incremental Btrfs-based snapshots.
Prometheus: scalable and accurate emulation of task-based applications on many-core systems

Modeling the performance of non-deterministic parallel applications on future many-core systems requires the development of novel simulation and emulation techniques and tools. We present "Prometheus", a fast, accurate and modular emulation framework for task-based applications. By raising the level of abstraction and focusing on runtime synchronization, Prometheus can accurately predict applications’ performance on very large many-core systems. We validate our emulation framework against two real platforms (AMD Interlagos and Intel MIC) and report error rates generally below 4%.We, then, evaluate Prometheus' performance and scalability: our results show that Prometheus can emulate a task-based application on a system with 512K cores in 11.5 hours. We present two test cases that show how Prometheus can be used to study the performance and behavior of systems that present some of the characteristics expected from exascale supercomputer nodes, such as active power management and processors with a high number of cores but reduced cache per core.
Reasons for choosing child care: associations with family factors, quality, and satisfaction

Abstract Demographic and family process factors related to the reasons mothers selected a particular care arrangement for their 3-year-old children were examined along with the type and quality of care the children received and the mothers’ satisfaction with that care. Reasons for selecting care were categorized as focused on quality, practicality, or preference for a specific type of care arrangement. Mothers in high-income families and those who worked fewer hours were more likely to select a child-care arrangement based on its quality than on practical concerns such as cost, hours of operation, or location. Mothers who reported higher stress related to parenting were more likely to choose care because of practical issues. Mothers who chose care based on quality were least likely to use care provided by a relative. In addition, mothers choosing care because of its quality were more likely to place their children in higher quality care, as judged by outside observers, than those who chose based on practical concerns. However, mothers who chose care because of a preference for a particular type of care (center-based, home-based, or relative) received higher quality care than either of the other two groups. Mothers who chose care because of practical concerns were least satisfied with their child’s care.
A note on the measurement of redundancy

The present paper points out a simpler method for computing the redundancy coefficient proposed by Orloci (1975) using the inverse of the variance-covariance matrix. It is suggested that one should also examine the matrix of partial correlations between all pairs of species (with the rest held constant) since this gives additional information with little additional effort.
Restoration of the edentulous maxilla: The case for the zygomatic implants

9 T estoration of the atrophied edentulous maxilla poses great dilemma to the oral and maxillofacial surgeon nd restorative dentist. Conventional removable denure prostheses are adequate for some individuals; but mproved technology in dental implantology has led any to request alternative approaches with imlants. Patients with adequate maxillary bone are deal candidates for implants, but are the exception. atients with moderate to severe atrophy challenge he surgeon to discover alternative ways to use existng bone or resort to augmenting the patient with utogenous or alloplastic bone materials. Many proedures have been suggested for these atrophied axillae before implant placement, which include Le ort I maxillary downfracture, onlay bone grafts, nd maxillary sinus graft procedures, including loal and distal harvesting. Some of these treatment ptions entail multiple surgical interventions, varying uccess rates, restriction of denture wear throughout long transitional period, increased surgical fees, and erhaps costly hospitalization. Branemark first used the zygoma implant as a major reakthrough in the treatment of maxillary atrohy. The implant, a titanium endosseal threaded mplant ranging in length from 30 to 52.5 mm, is laced in stable cortical maxillary buttress bone. The mplant has a built-in 45° angled platform lending to deal ridge positioning. The placement of 2 zygoma mplants and 4 anterior maxillary implants provides
Improved Sustainability through Novel Water Management Strategies for Strawberry Transplant Establishment in Florida, United States

Establishing bare-root transplants in Florida, United States, is an inefficient water-consuming activity. Between 3500 and 5500 m3/ha are applied with sprinkler irrigation to lower temperatures around the transplant crown and aid early root development, but more than 97% of the water volume runs off the polyethylene-covered beds. Research has been conducted to evaluate the feasibility of producing containerized (plug) short-day cultivar transplants under Florida conditions, the effect of continuous and intermittent low-volume sprinklers on transplant establishment and the use of kaolin clay to reduce stress on young transplants. Research results demonstrated that growers may have alternatives to reduce water use and pumping costs during strawberry transplant establishment by the following: (a) plug transplants can be produced from mother plants from Florida’s subtropical weather without chilling conditioning and still be competitive in the winter market; (b) using continuous and intermittent low-volume sprinkler irrigation saves between 16% and 33% of the water volumes for strawberry establishment; and (c) using kaolin clay showed to be a low-cost (US$63/ha plus application costs) investment to reduce irrigation volumes by at least 30%.
Fatigue behaviour of ribbon-reinforced composites

The fatigue behaviour of aluminium-based composites reinforced with high-strength steel ribbons has been examined. In the directions both parallel (longitudinal composites) and perpendicular (transverse composites) to the principal ribbon axis the development of the fatigue deformation is controlled by the matrix. The steel-matrix bond does not deteriorate during the initial stages of fatigue. The fatigue limit at 107 cycles was arbitrarily defined in the case of the longitudinal composites as corresponding to approximately the half-destruction of the composite. In this way the limit for a composite with a volume fraction,V r of 0.25 was around 25% of the fracture strength while with aV r of 0.34, the limit was raised to about 33% of the fracture strength. The use of an alloy matrix increases the fatigue strength of the composite. The fatigue mechanism in both longitudinal and transverse composites initially involves matrix cracking; this leads to steel-aluminium or aluminium-aluminium debonding parallel to the principal stress axis in specimens fabricated from pre-coated steel ribbons, followed by ribbon fracture. In specimens fabricated by simply rolling together the steel ribbons and aluminium foils, little debonding is evident. The debonding results in a high fracture resistance.
An Introduction to the Taylor Spatial Frame for Foot and Ankle Applications

The Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF; Smith & Nephew Memphis, TN) is an advanced orthopaedic modality that uses the Ilizarov priciples to correct deformities via an external hexapod. Typically, it is used to correct severe deformities that are not amenable to other methods of acute correction or fixation. Historically, these complex deformities have been corrected with the Ilizarov principles and components. Currently, advances in deformity planning, hardware, and software analysis have made correcting severe foot and ankle deformities much easier. This article gives an overview of the indications and contraindications of the TSF, it reinforces the basic principles of deformity planning, and it introduces the different designs of the TSF available.