cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vertically integrated product/process strategies in highly competitive environments: case study of the flexible door industry

There are a number of product/process management and support activities that are required to nurture in a manufacturing collaborative environment that have implications to strategic manufacturing systems. These include product design activities (including mechanical design, electrical design, test design, and design for supply chain management activities) and planning and scheduling activities (including forecasting, positioning of material to fulfil demand, and capacity management activities) are associated with resisting potential threats to manufacturability. The present case study documented two vertically integrated companies, a raw material manufacturer of PVC, and the actual manufacturer of finished door product composed primarily of extruded flexible PVC materials. Although each company had their own unique process strategies and methods of managing capacity, a number of lessons learned and recommendations were made to increase their strategic effectiveness.
Optimizing maintenance therapy in pediatric asthma

Purpose of reviewThere are different phenotypes of asthma, with phenotype-specific differences in medication response observed.Recent findingsTobacco smoke exposure reduces corticosteroid responsiveness. Treatment for tobacco smoke-triggered asthma must start with treatment of tobacco dependence. Ob
How to License Intangible Property

We examine the optimal licensing strategy of a research lab selling to firms who are product market competitors. We consider an independent lab as well as a research joint venture. We show that (1) demands are interdependent and hence the standard price mechanism is not the profit-maximizing licensing strategy; (2) the seller's incentives to develop the innovation may be excessive; (3) the seller's incentives to disseminate the innovation typically are too low; (4) larger ventures are less likely to develop the innovation, and more likely to restrict its dissemination in those cases where development occurs; and (5) a downstream firm that is not a member of the research venture is worse off as a result of the innovation.
The leader RNA of coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus contains an enhancer-like element for subgenomic mRNA transcription.

While the 5′ cis-acting sequence of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) for genomic RNA replication has been determined in several defective interfering (DI) RNA systems, it remains elusive for subgenomic RNA transcription. Previous studies have shown that the leader RNA in the DI genome significantly enhances the efficiency of DI subgenomic mRNA transcription, indicating that the leader RNA is a cis-acting sequence for mRNA transcription. To further characterize the cis-acting sequence, we made a series of deletion mutants, all but one of which have an additional deletion of the cis-acting signal for replication in the 5′ untranslated region. This deletion effectively eliminated the replication of the DI-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT)-reporter, as demonstrated by the sensitive reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The ability of these replication-minus mutants to transcribe subgenomic mRNAs was then assessed using the DI RNA-CAT reporter system. Results from both CAT activity and mRNA transcripts detected by RT-PCR showed that a 5′-proximal sequence of 35 nucleotides (nt) at nt 25 to 59 is a cis-acting sequence required for subgenomic RNA transcription, while the consensus repeat sequence of the leader RNA does not have such effect. Analyses of the secondary structure indicate that this 35-nt sequence forms two stem-loops conserved among MHVs. Deletion of this sequence abrogated transcriptional activity and disrupted the predicted stem-loops and overall RNA secondary structure at the 5′ untranslated region, suggesting that the secondary structure formed by this 35-nt sequence may facilitate the downstream consensus sequence accessible for the discontinuous RNA transcription. This may provide a mechanism by which the 5′ cis-acting sequence regulates subgenomic RNA transcription. The 5′-most 24 nt are not essential for transcription, while the 9 nt immediately downstream of the leader enhances RNA transcription. The sequence between nt 86 and 135 had little effect on transcription. This study thus defines the cis-acting transcription signal at the 5′ end of the DI genome.
EQUITY CONSIDERATIONS FOR FISHERY MARKET TECHNOLOGY IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: AQUACULTURE ALTERNATIVES

Fishery products represent one alternative to improve nutrition levels for low-income consumers. Governments and aid organizations in Less Developed Countries often attempt to help low-income consumers and simultaneously to improve fishery marketing operations. Increased market stability beneficial to sellers and/or high-income consumers of fishery products may have serious distributional consequences in an equity context which completely eliminate low-income consumers from purchasing products. Aquacultural alternatives are discussed as means to satisfy low-income demands and raise incomes of sellers of fishery products.
Modified method of perturbed stationary states. II. Semiclassical approximation

For one-electron heteropolar systems, a previously derived quantum-mechanical Lagrangian is simplifed using a semiclassical approximation. Unitarity and detailed balancing are retained. The variational method described by Demkov is used to determine the coupled differential equations for the radial scattering functions and the Euler-Lagrange equations for the translational parameters which are part of the theory. Specific semiclassical formulas for the translational parameters are given in a many-state approximation. For a one-state expansion the parameters agree with an earlier determination by Riley and Green.
A Proposal for Tenure

We assess the current role of tenure in academic health centers in this paper and present the current state of the discussion on the uses, abuses, present role, and short comings of academic tenure as it currently exists. We propose and discuss the proposition that all academics should be tenure eligible and that various pathways to tenure be based on achievements and contributions evaluated by institutional promotions committees. We also comment on the financial implications of universal tenure eligibility.
An analysis of the structure of the iridium (111) surface by low-energy electron diffraction

Abstract Elastic low-energy electron diffraction (LEED) intensity versus voltage ( I - V ) measurements for the clean Ir(111) surface have been obtained. Seven specular I - V spectra were measured from 15 to 975 eV at incident angles from 7° to 62.5° relative to the surface normal. The outermost atomic layer spacing of the unreconstructed Ir(111) surface was determined both by the convolution-transform method we have presented previously (including certain convenient modifications) and by dynamical calculations. Results from the analysis of the I - V spectra by the convolution-transform method indicate that the outermost Ir(111) layer spacing is either unrelaxed or contracts by 4% of its bulk value depending upon whether the θ=7° data or the θ = 25° data are used. In agreement with this, the dynamical calculations show that the outermost Ir(111) layer spacing contracts by 2.5± 5% and, in addition, that the registry of the first layer of the crystal surface is not shifted, maintaining the fcc structure.
Fred Holland: Walking the Line

This essay analyzes the work of a contemporary black artist who reinvents the human body, searching for its limits in works that transform and recycle materials and concepts while challenging viewers' perceptions. As a link between conceptual art, arte povera , and postmodern discourses, Fred Holland's sculptures are reflections on life's impermanence, on human frailty, and on the struggle for survival. He walks the line between the categories that have defined black art in a constant search for reinvention and renewal.
Action Bias and Environmental Decisions

Individuals have a penchant for action, often for good reasons. But action bias arises if that penchant is carried over to areas where those reasons do not apply, hence is nonrational. Action bias is explored theoretically, and then empirically, using data from surveys of hypothetical environmental decisions. Quite apart from agency considerations, individuals like to affect outcomes when gains are reaped. Given the ability to help one of two sites, we find that decision makers choose to foster improvement rather than prevent deterioration, despite framing that makes it arbitrary which site is improved, which preserved. Strong action bias—individuals choosing to reap gains even though they must impose losses—is also observed. These concepts are related to loss aversion, status quo bias, omission bias for losses, and bright-line behavior.
The Testis-Enriched Histone Demethylase, KDM4D, Regulates Methylation of Histone H3 Lysine 9 During Spermatogenesis in the Mouse but Is Dispensable for Fertility

Epigenetic modifications, and methylation of histones in particular, dynamically change during spermatogenesis. Among various methylations of histone H3, methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) and its regulation are essential for spermatogenesis. Trimethytransferases as well as dimethyltransferase are required for meiotic progression. In addition, didemethylase of H3K9 is also critical for spermatogenesis through transcriptional regulation of spermatid-specific genes. However, the requirement for demethylation of trimethylated H3K9 (H3K9me3) during spermatogenesis remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the targeted disruption of KDM4D, a testis-enriched tridemethylase of H3K9. Kdm4d-null mice are viable and fertile and do not show any obvious phenotype. However, H3K9me3 accumulates significantly in Kdm4d-null round spermatids, and the distribution of methylated H3K9 in germ cells is dramatically changed. Nevertheless, the progression of spermatogenesis and the number of spermatozoa are normal, likely secondary to the earlier nuclear localization of another H3K9 tridemethylase, KDM4B, in Kdm4d-null elongating spermatids. These results suggest that demethylation of H3K9me3 in round spermatids is dispensable for spermatogenesis but that possible defects in Kdm4d-null elongating spermatids could be rescued by functional redundancy of the KDM4B demethylase.
Rapid Development of Hypertension by Sorafenib: Toxicity or Target?

Blood pressure elevation is likely a pharmacodynamic marker of VEGF signaling pathway (VSP) inhibition and could be useful for optimizing safe and effective VSP inhibitor dosing. Blood pressure rises on the first day of treatment, facilitating design and interpretation of future trials aiming to correlate blood pressure changes with clinical outcomes.
Evidence for causality between GaN RF HEMT degradation and the EC-0.57 eV trap in GaN

Abstract The degradation of industry-supplied GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) subjected to accelerated life testing (ALT) is directly related to increases in concentrations of two defects with trap energies of EC-0.57 and EC-0.75 eV. Pulsed I-V measurements and constant drain current deep level transient spectroscopy were employed to evaluate the quantitative impact of each trap. The trap concentration increases were only observed in devices that showed a 1 dB drop in output power and not the result of the ALT itself indicating that these traps and primarily the EC-0.57 eV trap are responsible for the output power degradation. Increases from the EC-0.57 eV level were responsible for 80% of the increased knee walkout while the EC-0.75 eV contributed only 20%. These traps are located in the drain access region, likely in the GaN buffer, and cause increased knee walkout after the application of drain voltage.
Excess weight and life expectancy after acute myocardial infarction: The obesity paradox reexamined

Background An "obesity paradox" has been described in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), whereby obese and overweight patients have a lower risk of short-term mortality after AMI than normal-weight patients. However, the long-term association of obesity with mortality after AMI remains unknown. Methods We used data from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project, a prospective medical record study of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with AMI with 17 years of follow-up (N = 124,981), to evaluate the association of higher body mass index (BMI) with short- and long-term survival after AMI. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate life expectancy after AMI and the years of potential life lost or gained attributable to excess weight. Results Approximately 41.5% of patients were classified as normal weight; 38.7%, as overweight; 14.3%, as obese; and 5.5%, as morbidly obese. Normal-weight patients had the highest crude mortality at all follow-up time points, whereas obese patients had the lowest. Adjustment for patient and treatment characteristics reduced this difference, but the survival benefit persisted in overweight and obese patients at all time points. Morbidly obese and normal-weight patients had a comparable risk of death at 17 years. Life expectancy estimates were generally lowest for morbidly obese patients and highest for overweight patients. Differences in life expectancy between BMI groups were most pronounced in younger patients. After adjustment, overweight and obesity were associated with greater life years at all ages; however, morbid obesity was only associated with better survival in patients ≥75 years of age at the time of AMI. Conclusions Overweight and obesity are associated with improved short- and long-term survival after AMI, which results in moderate gains in life expectancy relative to normal-weight patients. These findings suggest that higher BMI confers a protective advantage over the entire remaining lifespan in older patients with AMI.
Effects of histamine and its receptor antagonists on peritoneal permeability.

Effects of histamine and its receptor antagonists on peritoneal permeability. Peritoneal fluid and mass transfer rates were studied in rabbits undergoing control dialyses and dialyses with intraperitoneal histamine, or its receptor antagonists alone or in combination. These drugs had negligible effects on peritoneal ultrafiltration and small solute clearances. Histamine raised protein exudation from 1.6 to 2.9 mg/kg/min, an effect blocked by its antagonists which given alone did not lower protein loss. These data demonstrate the existence of histamine receptors in the peritoneal diffusion barrier and show that they do not control transport under baseline conditions, but can be blocked should abnormal histamine release occur. Increased peritoneal permeability with sterile peritonitis was unaffected by ranitidine, suggesting alternative mediators.
Sticks + Stones: A Collaborative Exchange Exploring Labeling and Stereotyping in Graphic Design: Creative Project, 2005-present

(2010). Sticks + Stones: A Collaborative Exchange Exploring Labeling and Stereotyping in Graphic Design: Creative Project, 2005-present. Design and Culture: Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 351-353.
Trading Unmoored: The Uncertain Legal Foundation for Emissions Trading Under §111 of the Clean Air Act

The EPA has proposed and is set to soon finalize its “Clean Power Plan,” which for the first time will impose greenhouse gas emissions limits on existing fossil fuel power plants. The Plan envisions trading among regulated emitters, and such trading appears crucial to the Plan’s cost-effectiveness. The Plan’s projected emissions reductions are significant, making it a core element of President Obama’s climate policy and crucial to fulfillment of the country’s international commitments. But the Plan is controversial and is based on a rarely-used provision of the Clean Air Act, §111(d). Litigation has already begun and will undoubtedly intensify. In earlier work, I argued that §111(d) does not allow use of some flexible regulatory tools, including many forms of offsets, but that it appears to allow emissions trading among regulated sources. This paper looks more deeply at the legal authority to allow emissions trading under §111(d). Most legal arguments to date over trading have focused on past EPA practice or the statutory definition of performance standards. But neither source of authority is sufficient to answer the question — in fact, there is little or no statutory guidance on whether trading is legally available when emitters must actually comply. Judicial deference to agency interpretation means trading may be legal, but uncertainty remains. It is even possible that courts could resort to new legal doctrines or a revival of the nondelegation doctrine to resolve the question. Even if not, legal uncertainty over this crucial aspect of climate policy is underappreciated.
Application of thermoluminescence radiometry technique in medical exposure

This paper reviews the research of thermoluminescence radiometry technique in radiological diagnosis,interventional radiology,nuclear medicine and radiation therapy,and introduces the research purpose,methods and results of thermoluminescence radiometry technique in different kinds of medical exposure.The research objects include not only patients and clients,but also radiation medical practitioners.The thermoluminescence radiometry technique has unique advantages in medical radiation dose research,which will play a more important role in medical radiation dose research in the future.
Analysis on direct medical expenditure and its constitution of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Shanghai

Objective: To understand the direct medical costs and constitution before and after diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis(TB) patients in Shanghai in order to provide evidence for better improving and optimizing the allocation of resources.Methods: Seven hundred and fourteen pulmonary TB patients who had completed treatment from 7 districts of Shanghai were investigated by questionnaire and 2~3 patients in each district were interviewed.Results: Before confirmed diagnosis,the mean and median medical expenditure of TB patients were 2 728.8 yuan and 500 yuan respectively.There were no statistical differences among various types of patients.During the process of confirmed diagnosis and treatment,the mean and median medical expenditure were 8 792.4 yuan and 4 000 yuan.The outpatient cost between the local and migrant patients and between initial and retreatment patients were definitely different based on the statistic outcomes.Conclusion: The direct medical cost before confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary TB patients in Shanghai was lower.However,the diagnosis and treatment costs were higher compared to other regions.Supportive drug and examination accounted for higher proportion during the process of treatment.
Quantitative data as a clue to auxiliary contraction processes

This paper is a quantitative corpus study of the variable contraction of English auxiliaries (e.g. John has ~ John’s been there all day). I examine auxiliaries after non-pronoun subjects, and find the following. First, auxiliaries often surface in an “intermediate” form, one which loses its initial consonant, but retains a reduced vowel (e.g. [?z] for has). After proposing an analysis of these forms, I examine the effect of subject weight on contraction, finding that contraction occurs less often after longer subjects. Finally, I discuss the implications of these findings for where contraction must be situated in the grammar.
K+ modulation of microglial superoxide production: involvement of voltage-gated Ca2+ channels

A variety of cytoactive factors produced during injury and inflammation are known to activate the central nervous system (CNS) macrophage, the microglia. Since extracellular potassium levels are kn...
Photoexcitation to States Lying Very near the Continuum Limit

Atomic photo-absorption, both bound-bound and bound-continuum, is an old problem that is treated in elementary books on quantum theory. The recent interest in Rydberg atomic states and in multi-photon ionization with narrow bandwidth tunable lasers has given rise to the study of a different type of photo-absorption in which the final state is neither a bound nor a continuum state, but rather a mixture of both. One such state is an autoionizing or Fano state.1 Another is the molecular quasi-continuum.2 In this paper we will introduce a third sort of hybrid bound-continuum state. When a laser is tuned very near the boundary between the bound and continuum states of an atom, power broadening will mix the two types of states. The resulting hybrid state will be a coherent superposition of bound and continuum states that is unstable to decay into an ionized state, but whose decay may contain a significant non-exponential component.
What Characterizes the Polymediality of the Mobile Phone? The Multiple Media within the World’s Most Popular Medium

While the mobile phone is the world’s most popular media device, it is actually not one single medium, but provides an entire media ecology. As a result, it is effectively used as a different medium by different user groups. The article deepens our understanding of this polymediality by characterizing differences in mobile apps usage among different user groups, including gender, education, occupation, screen size, and price. We monitored the complete app usage of 10,725 smartphone users for one month each (56 million sessions, recording almost 1 million hours). We develop a theoretical framework to classify the over 16,000 apps used into five categories of polymediality. Testing a battery of 33 concrete hypothesis we provide a broad characterization of the mediatic nature of the cellphone by asking who, with which characteristics, uses which kinds of apps in what extensity and intensity? For example, we find that the the mobile phone is used as a traditional human-to-human communication medium by women and the higher educated, while men and the less educated see it rather as an entertainment medium. Rather surprisingly, it is not the young and high occupational grades that use the mobile phone as a human-to-machine computer (including gaming and artificial intelligence tools). Large screen size is related to extensive long sessions, while a small screen size is related to intensive frequent usage. The results provide ample empirical evidence that any aggregated treatment of the mobile phone as a single medium will miss its inherently polymediatic nature.
Evaluation of the Rayleigh damping model for buildings

Abstract Using damping ratios inferred from accelerations recorded during earthquakes in instrumented buildings in California this paper evaluates the Rayleigh damping model commonly used in seismic analysis of buildings. Damping ratios were obtained from 119 seismic responses, coming from 24 buildings, measured in 46 earthquakes over the past 25 years by the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. All records were analyzed using a least-squares parametric system identification technique in the time domain. Using only damping ratios judged to be reliable, the variation of damping with modal frequencies is studied for all buildings. It is found that in 96% of the cases, modal damping ratios increase approximately linearly with frequency; showing that damping in buildings is best represented by using a model consisting of a constant damping ratio plus a stiffness-proportional damping ratio. No evidence was found to suggest that a mass-proportional model nor a combination of mass- and stiffness-proportional damping is appropriate. It is shown that the Rayleigh damping model, when used in combination with assumptions commonly used in engineering practice, typically leads to overestimations of mean peak floor accelerations, peak floor velocities, and interstory drift ratio demands with respect to those computed using the damping model inferred from the recorded data.
Extending Conceptualization and Measurement of Narrative Engagement After-the-Fact: Parasocial Relationship and Retrospective Imaginative Involvement

Engagement with narratives and identification with narrative characters is usually conceptualized as occurring during the narrative experience itself. However, much involvement with a story world and narrative characters may occur retrospectively and imaginatively. The present study, using a cross-sectional survey quota-sampled to represent U.S. demographic norms, provides conceptualization and measurement of parasocial relationships (PSR) that is clearly retrospective and conceptually distinct from parasocial interaction (PSI). Moreover, we distinguish PSR from another concept introduced and operationalized here, retrospective imaginative involvement (RII), and provide evidence for validity of these measures. We compare them to the related concepts of transportability and boundary expansion, and assess fit using measurement models and confirmatory factor analysis, refining measurement on half the data set and confirming fit on the other half. We demonstrate predictive validity with respect to a m...
A New Runway for Goldfish

A betta tank with a built in runway was developed. The apparatus permits housing goldfish in the same water that circulates in the runway. The Ss need not be removed from the runway for the duration of a study.
MicroRNA-210-mediated proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis promote cardiac repair post myocardial infarction in rodents.

An innovative approach for cardiac regeneration following injury is to induce endogenous cardiomyocyte (CM) cell cycle re-entry. In the present study, CMs from adult rat hearts were isolated and transfected with cel-miR-67 (control) and rno-miR-210. A significant increase in CM proliferation and mono-nucleation were observed in miR-210 group, in addition to a reduction in CM size, multi-nucleation, and cell death. When compared to control, β-catenin and Bcl-2 were upregulated while APC (adenomatous polyposis coli), p16, and caspase-3 were downregulated in miR-210 group. In silico analysis predicted cell cycle inhibitor, APC, as a direct target of miR-210 in rodents. Moreover, compared to control, a significant increase in CM survival and proliferation were observed with siRNA-mediated inhibition of APC. Furthermore, miR-210 overexpressing C57BL/6 mice (210-TG) were used for short-term ischemia/reperfusion study, revealing smaller cell size, increased mono-nucleation, decreased multi-nucleation, and increased CM proliferation in 210-TG hearts in contrast to wild-type (NTG). Likewise, myocardial infarction (MI) was created in adult mice, echocardiography was performed, and the hearts were harvested for immunohistochemistry and molecular studies. Compared to NTG, 210-TG hearts showed a significant increase in CM proliferation, reduced apoptosis, upregulated angiogenesis, reduced infarct size, and overall improvement in cardiac function following MI. β-catenin, Bcl-2, and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) were upregulated while APC, p16, and caspase-3 were downregulated in 210-TG hearts. Overall, constitutive overexpression of miR-210 rescues heart function following cardiac injury in adult mice via promoting CM proliferation, cell survival, and angiogenesis.
Illustrating Statistical Data

Scholarship uses graphics to demonstrate relations and emphasize points. This chapter showcases a few effective examples from recent scholarship.
Genome-wide prediction of bacterial effector candidates across six secretion system types using a feature-based statistical framework

Gram-negative bacteria are responsible for hundreds of millions infections worldwide, including the emerging hospital-acquired infections and neglected tropical diseases in the third-world countries. Finding a fast and cheap way to understand the molecular mechanisms behind the bacterial infections is critical for efficient diagnostics and treatment. An important step towards understanding these mechanisms is the discovery of bacterial effectors, the proteins secreted into the host through one of the six common secretion system types. Unfortunately, current prediction methods are designed to specifically target one of three secretion systems, and no accurate "secretion system-agnostic" method is available. Here, we present PREFFECTOR, a computational feature-based approach to discover effector candidates in Gram-negative bacteria, without prior knowledge on bacterial secretion system(s) or cryptic secretion signals. Our approach was first evaluated using several assessment protocols on a manually curated, balanced dataset of experimentally determined effectors across all six secretion systems, as well as non-effector proteins. The evaluation revealed high accuracy of the top performing classifiers in PREFFECTOR, with the small false positive discovery rate across all six secretion systems. Our method was also applied to six bacteria that had limited knowledge on virulence factors or secreted effectors. PREFFECTOR web-server is freely available at: http://korkinlab.org/preffector .
Universal cervical length screening with a cervicometer to prevent preterm birth <34 weeks: a decision and economic analysis.

Background: Preterm birth is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide; evidence-based strategies to decrease preterm birth are desperately needed.Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate which of three strategies for screening for shortened cervix in asymptomatic low-risk women is the most cost-effective in terms of prevention of preterm birth and associated morbidity.Study design: A decision analysis model was developed from available published evidence comparing three strategies in screening asymptomatic low-risk women for shortened cervix: (1) cervicometer with subsequent referral for transvaginal ultrasound, (2) transvaginal ultrasound screening, and (3) no screening. The cost and effectiveness of each strategy was assessed in terms of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), and cost in US dollars.Results: Screening with a cervicometer with referral was the most cost-effective strategy and represented a savings of $999.65 ($11,617.28 versus $12,616.93) over screening with ultrasound, and a savings of $15,601.62 ($11,617.28 versus $27,218.90) over no screening. Costs for outcomes ranged from $3528 for a healthy neonate ≥34 weeks to $717,467.5 for a neonate <34 weeks with severe morbidity. The cervicometer strategy avoided 11.68 neonatal deaths per 1000 deliveries (3.59 deaths versus 15.27 deaths) compared with no screening, and avoided 0.73 neonatal deaths per 1000 deliveries (3.59 deaths versus 4.32 deaths) compared with ultrasound strategy. The cervicometer strategy prevented 82.44 preterm births per 1000 deliveries (22.56 versus 105.00) compared with no screening, and 5.10 preterm births per 1000 deliveries (22.56 versus 27.66) compared with ultrasound strategy. Per QALY, cervicometer screening cost $386.57, transvaginal ultrasound cost $420.31, and no screening cost $922.73. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings, including evaluation across the range of quoted transvaginal ultrasound costs ($43-$300).Conclusion: A simulation of universal screening of asymptomatic low-risk women with a cervicometer with subsequent referral for ultrasound for those with a cervix <25 mm is cost-effective and yields the greatest reduction in preterm births at <34 weeks. A risk simulation trial noted that a cervicometer strategy may be more expensive than a universal transvaginal ultrasound strategy, but both are less expensive than a no screening strategy.
Systematic Differences in Bucket Sea Surface Temperature Measurements among Nations Identified Using a Linear-Mixed-Effect Method

AbstractThe International Comprehensive Ocean–Atmosphere Dataset (ICOADS) is a cornerstone for estimating changes in sea surface temperatures (SST) over the instrumental era. Interest in determinin...
Alice In Wonderland Syndrome: A History (P2.042)

Objective: Review the history of Alice in Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) and neurological symptoms of characters in Alice in Wonderland. Background: John Todd, in 1955 applied the term The Alice- in-Wonderland Syndrome (AIWS) to altered, bizarre perceptions of size and shapes of patients’ bodies and illusions of changes in forms, dimensions, and motions of objects that patients with migraine headache or epilepsy experienced. He proposed these illusions or hallucinations resemble changes in size and limbs that the character Alice experienced in Lewis Carroll’s original Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland . Design/Methods: Search Pub Med, Index Medicus and neurology textbooks: AIWS, Illusions, metamorphopsia, epilepsy, migraine Results: Caro Lippman (1952) incorrectly claimed he was first to describe metamorphopsias associated with migraine. William Spratling (1904) reported some patients saw animals, “everything looks bigger” before their seizure. William Gowers (1907) noted epileptic patients experienced aura with objects looking “…twice the size”. Oppenheim (1913) wrote that his patient experienced detachment of the trunk or limbs with dizziness during migraine. Todd coined AIWS to describe metamorphopsias associated with migraine and seizures. We cite evidence from his diary entries that Charles Dodgson, aka Lewis Carroll, probably described to Alice Liddell, the real life Alice, illusions he suffered during migraine headaches. Metanalysis confirms that metamorphopsias occur with complex partial seizures, migraine headaches, viral infections, encephalopathy, and intoxications. Our 3 patients experienced illusions during migraine headaches, partial complex seizures and 1 with autoimmune encephalitis. We will relate bizarre behaviors of the “Mad Hatter” character to chronic mercury poisoning and Dormouse’s persistent drowsiness to obstructive sleep apnea. Conclusions: Although other authors described Illusions associated with migraine or seizures before Todd his colorful name for them persists. AIWS has multiple etiologies and specific treatments. Charles Dodgson ascribed to characters in Alice in Wonderland symptoms of mercury intoxication and sleep apnea. Study Supported by: No support Disclosure: Dr. Fine has received personal compensation in an editorial capacity for the Encyclopedia of Neurological Sciences. Dr. Fine holds stock and/or stock options in Pfizer, Merck, and Johnson & Johnson. Dr. Farooq has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mahfooz has nothing to disclose.
Do observer fatigue and taxon bias compromise visual encounter surveys for small vertebrates

Context Visual encounter surveying is a standard animal inventory method, modifications of which (e.g. distance sampling and repeated count surveys) are used for modelling population density. However, a variety of factors may bias visual survey counts. Aims The aim of the present study was to evaluate three observer-related biases: (1) whether fatigue compromises detection rate as a survey occasion progresses; (2) whether long-term fatigue or boredom compromise detection rates over the course of a survey period; and (3) whether observers exhibit biases in detection rates of different animal taxa. Methods We analysed >2.3 × 104 observations of lizards and small mammals from nocturnal pedestrian visual encounter surveys, each 4 h in duration, conducted by a pool of 29 observers, each of whom surveyed for up to 31 nights. Key results Detections of sleeping (diurnal) emerald tree skinks (Lamprolepis smaragdina) exhibited a small but statistically verified decline as the evening progressed, whereas detections of sleeping (diurnal) green anoles (Anolis carolinensis) increased as the evening progressed. Detections of nocturnal geckos (several species pooled) showed a weak and non-significant declining trend. Small mammal sightings (rats, shrews and mice pooled) declined strongly over the course of an evening. The participants saw greater or equal numbers of animals the more nights they surveyed. Most participants exhibited statistically significant, and often strong, taxonomic detection bias compared with the pool of peer observers. The skills of some observers appeared to be consistently above average; others consistently below average. Conclusions Data on sleeping lizards suggest that neither short-term nor long-term observer fatigue is of much concern for 4-h visual searches. On the contrary, differences among observers in taxonomic bias and overall detection skills pose a problem for data interpretation. Implications By comparing temporal detection patterns of immobile (e.g. sleeping) with actively moving animal taxa, sampling biases attributable to searcher fatigue versus the animals’ circadian rhythm can be disentangled and, if need be, statistically corrected for. Observer skill differences and observer-specific taxonomic biases may hamper efforts to statistically evaluate survey results, unless explicitly included as covariates in population models.
Intraoperative Unfractionated Heparin Unresponsiveness during Endovascular Repair of a Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm following Administration of Andexanet Alfa for the Reversal of Rivaroxaban

The authors describe a case of unfractionated heparin (UFH) unresponsiveness in the operating room secondary to reversal of rivaroxaban with coagulation factor Xa (recombinant) inactivated-zhzo (andexanet alfa). A 70-year-old man with a known 4.5- to 5.0-cm abdominal aortic aneurysm and atrial fibrillation managed with rivaroxaban presented with severe right-sided flank pain radiating to the left side of his abdomen. Computed tomography-angiography on arrival demonstrated a left retroperitoneal hematoma and a suspected ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm. He received andexanet alfa to reverse rivaroxaban prior to an emergent endovascular aneurysm repair. During surgery, he received a total of 14,000 units (167 units/kg) of UFH with minimal changes in activated clotting time (132-144 sec; baseline 135 sec [reference range 74-137 sec]). This case highlights the potential complications of using UFH anticoagulation following reversal of factor Xa inhibitors with andexanet alfa and underscores the importance of peri-procedural anticoagulation planning. For patients who require intra-operative anticoagulation, providers should consider anticoagulation reversal with prothrombin complex concentrate instead of andexanet alfa or administration of a parenteral direct thrombin inhibitor, such as argatroban or bivalirudin during the surgical procedure.
Orthopaedic Manifestations of Alagille Syndrome: A Report of Two Cases and an Updated Literature Review.

CASE Case 1 is a 6-month-old female who presented for evaluation of asymptomatic vertebral anomalies in the setting of jaundice and cardiac murmur; she was diagnosed with Alagille syndrome (AGS). Her spine has been monitored clinically. Case 2 is a 10-year-old female who sustained a pathologic femur fracture in the setting of known AGS, requiring operative stabilization and optimization of her bone mineral density. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric orthopaedists care for children with AGS both in management of congenital musculoskeletal anomalies and in treatment of pathologic fractures. Familiarity with the current AGS literature is necessary for provision of optimal multidisciplinary care.
Low-load expander deactivation studies for a light-duty single-shaft piston-compounded engine:

A single-shaft, piston-compounded engine has shown great potential for improvements in efficiency over current state-of-the-art light-duty engines through the use of an efficient second expansion p...
Free-Living Sleep, Food Intake, and Physical Activity in Night and Morning Shift Workers.

Objective: Shift work is associated with risk for adverse health outcomes including cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Short sleep duration combined with disruptions to t...
A Non-Gradient Theory for Premixed Turbulent Flames

In order to avoid a gradient-transport assumption in the description of premixed turbulent flames, the Bray–Moss model for such flames is extended to incorporate the joint probability density function of the product concentration and velocity component normal to the flame. The extended model is applied here to infinite, planar reaction zones normal to an oncoming stream of reactants. The principal modeling required in the new theory involves the interaction of the laminar flames within the reaction zone and the fluctuations in the normal velocity component. Relatively simple models for this interaction based on linear distributions between the properties within reactants and products are introduced. An initial calculation indicating the nature of the predictions of the new theory leads to two important results; in the high-temperature portion of the reaction zone there are found countergradients of product, i.e. fluxes in the direction of increasing mean product concentration. The dilatation within the reaction zone due to heat release diminishes significantly the fluctuations of the normal velocity component but the intensity of the two velocity components tangential to the flame is unaltered. The consequence is that the turbulence leaving the reaction zone is highly anisotropic. These results have significant implications relative to predictive methods for turbulent reacting flows.
Technology Governance in a Devolved Global Legal Order: Lessons From the China-USA Strategic Conflict

China’s successful economic and technological transformation did not depend on “following the rules” of the WTO system, nor did it depend on flouting those rules. China succeeded because of its characteristics as a country and an economy. China developed a sophisticated technological development plan to take advantage of those characteristics. A number of the advantages enjoyed by China cannot be replicated by other low- and middle-income countries. Still there may be some important lessons that can be derived from the Chinese experience. China’s success has provoked a reaction from the traditional economic and technology powers seeking to slow its march to technological parity, and perhaps even superiority. Some of these reactions are manifestly inconsistent with WTO norms, and some of the challenges to China’s allegedly WTO-inconsistent inconsistent measures or practices are debatable. Of particular concern is that decisions by the United States in particular to ignore WTO rules are weakening the institution, with potential adverse long-term effects. With that said, it may be that the WTO and its DSB are not the best place either for rule-making or resolution of disputes regarding IP, technology transfer and investment, and that alternative fora are preferable, at least until there might evolve a new “stasis” or general consensus on appropriate policies. Bringing IP and related dispute settlement into the WTO was a controversial concession, including provision for cross-retaliation, when the TRIPS Agreement was negotiated. We might want to “think outside the box” in terms of future reform. Fragmentation of the global economy is not a good thing -- not simply because there will be less specialization and a related move away from the global production possibility frontier. The risk on the downside is toward the breakdown of political accommodation, and intensification of competition for resources that may lead to violence, i.e., the risks preceding the Second World War. There is no apparent reason for exceptional pessimism, but there is also a need to keep an eye on history. The risks are not peculiar or specific to intellectual property or technology, but conflicts regarding IP and technology are a significant part of the current devolutionary trend. The February 13, 2021 update of this paper considers the potential implications of the transition to the Biden Administration for US-China trade relations, including with respect to intellectual property and transfer of technology.
Leadership Style, Presidential Success, and Political Time

This chapter takes up issue of Trump’s presidential style and demeanor and examines his two presidencies. One is the bombastic tabloid presidency whose latest provocations and opposition responses play out across American political venues. The other is the deeply serious administration efforts to put into place Trump’s signature presidential ambitions. The chapter examines why Trump survives his ferocious opposition in spite of his own missteps. It examines several metrics of presidential “success” and begins to assess Trump’s slow but gathering momentum towards his Restoration goals. We then ask if he will remain stuck in “political time” as a “Disjunctive” president or have a chance to become a “Reconstructive” one.
Embracing Diverse Women Veteran Narratives: Intersectionality and Women Veteran’s Identity

Women veterans are the fastest-growing population of veterans, yet women still face many barriers while serving and after leaving the military. An often-overlooked aspect in research and literature is how women develop their identity as veterans from their experiences of racism, sexism, heterosexism, classism, and other forms of oppression and discrimination while serving in the military and the invisibility or the lack of recognition as veterans after returning to civilian life. Few articles in the literature discuss intersectionality theory or framework in connection to military and women veterans’ experience or the role of identity formation as a veteran due to these experiences or how it impacts women veterans’ health outcomes. In this article, the role of institutional betrayal is explored as an additional barrier for women veterans as well as the intersectionality framework applied to the military as an institution. As the need for services for women veterans increase, understanding the impact of these intersections of identity and experiences of discrimination and oppression can be crucial in understanding the complexity of identifying as veterans and living in a society that does not see or value their experiences, as women or as veterans.
Social Motives in Bilateral Bargaining Games: How Power Changes Perceptions of Fairness

Power, a fundamental characteristic of social interactions, characterizes one's ability to influence others. Fairness, inherently a type of social preference, impacts distributive decision-making. How does power shape the perceptions of fairness in economic interactions? While previous research finds that power holders tend to take more, it remains unclear whether they are driven by selfish motives to exploit weaker counterparts or act upon the belief that powerful individuals deserve more. With an innovative modified ultimatum game, we analytically and experimentally study how power interplays with fairness consideration to affect bilateral bargaining. We concentrate on behaviors by the responders, to elicit their fairness preferences in response to shifts in power. We find strong evidence that changes in power can modify what is perceived as a fair division in the modified ultimatum game, and thus influence the distributive behaviors and outcomes. However, such an effect only arises when there is common knowledge about the power distribution between the two parties prior to their decision-making. In addition, we find that, while feedback on past decisions and outcomes can help players fine-tune their choices to avoid money left on the table in bargaining, learning from experience is not required for power to take effect.
Exploring Architectures for Integrated Resilience Optimization

To achieve system resilience, one can leverage high-level design features (e.g., redundancies and fail-safes), adjust operational profiles (e.g., load or trajectory), and use appropriate contingenc...