cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histotypic self-organization by trypsin-dissociated and EDTA-dissociated chick embryo cells

The phenomenon of aggregation of chick embryo cells in vitro has been investigated by the rotation-mediated cell-aggregation procedure. In serum-supplemented media trypsin-dissociated neural-retina cells and EDTA-dissociated cells produced aggregates which appeared very similar in size and form. Drugs which are known to interfere with macromolecular synthesis, and which prevent the formation of rotation-mediated aggregates by trypsinized cells appear to be less effective in inhibiting the aggregation of EDTA dissociated cells. The aggregation of EDTA-dissociated cells does not appear to be affected by periodate or by borate at concentrations that significantly inhibit the aggregation of trypsin-dissociated cells. The aggregation of both EDTA-dissociated and trypsin-dissociated retina and liver cells is greatly inhibited by 0.5 per cent glucosamine; however, numerous other aminosugars and other organic amines will cause a similar inhibition at concentrations of 0.5 per cent or less.
“Can I play too?” Adapting common classroom activities for young children with limited motor abilities

This paper offers suggestions on adapting common classroom activities found in early childhood classrooms to increase participation of young children with limited motor abilities. It stresses the importance of de-emphasizing differences among children and highlighting that all children, even those with severe disabilities, can benefit from the same activities.
Extended distal pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma with splenic vein thrombosis and/or adjacent organ invasion.

Abstract Background Patients with adenocarcinoma of the pancreatic body/tail and associated vascular thrombosis or adjacent organ invasion are suboptimal candidates for resection. We hypothesized that extended distal pancreatectomy (EDP) for locally advanced adenocarcinoma is associated with a survival benefit. Methods We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively collected database of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy (DP) for adenocarcinoma at a single academic institution (1996 to 2011) with greater than or equal to 2 years of follow-up. Results Among 680 DP patients, 93 were indicated for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Splenic vein thrombosis (n = 26) did not significantly affect morbidity, mortality, or survival. Standard DP was performed in 70 patients and 23 underwent EDP with no difference in morbidity/mortality. Patients with EDP had a survival comparable with patients with standard DP (disease-free survival 18 vs 12 months = .8; overall survival 23 vs 17 months, P =.6). There was no difference in survival between EDP patients with versus without pathologic invasion of adjacent organs, but a trend favored those without. Conclusion EDP is safe and should be considered in fit patients with locally advanced adenocarcinoma.
Strengths-Based Group Practice: Three Case Studies

ABSTRACT As the strengths perspective becomes a key influence in social work, illustrations and applications that inform practice must be provided. Group work has long been accepted as an important modality that is closely aligned with the strengths perspective. This article takes a case study approach by illustrating and exploring strengths-based applications in a single-parent group and in two groups for children and youth placed in a residential treatment facility. The examples demonstrate how drawing on the strengths perspective led to successful groups in settings that had otherwise been experiencing poor attendance, premature termination, and pervasive negativity.
Hydrothermal upflow zones in the oceanic crust

Abstract Breccias recovered from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge south of the Kane Fracture Zone (MARK) and the East Pacific Rise at Hess Deep record distinct alteration signatures associated with the upwelling of hydrothermal fluids in the shallow oceanic crust. Two breccia types have been defined based on the mineralogy of the matrix. Type I breccias have a matrix characterized by Fe-rich chlorite, quartz, pyrite, and anatase. Type II breccias exhibit a matrix consisting of Mg-rich chlorite, epidote, quartz, pyrite, and titanite. Fluid inclusion analyses indicate a similar range in homogenization temperatures for the two breccia types (150–375°C) but distinct ranges in salinity. Type I breccias have salinities greater than that of seawater (3.3–10 wt% NaCl) whereas type II breccias display much lower salinities ( Mineral stability relationships coupled with the fluid inclusion data suggest that the type I breccias were produced by hydrothermal fluids relatively enriched in Cl and depleted in H2S whereas the type II breccias were associated with hydrothermal fluids relatively depleted in Cl and enriched in H2S. These chemical trends are consistent with those displayed by hydrothermal fluids actively venting on the seafloor. Thus, we propose that the observed variability in the chemistry of modern submarine vent fluids is paralleled by distinct alteration assemblages in the upflow zones below the seafloor, as defined by the type I and type II breccia suites. Based on these results, we predict that the relatively H2S-depleted vent systems at TAG, southern Juan de Fuca, and 11–13°N along the East Pacific Rise should be characterized by upflow zones with a mineralogy similar to the type I breccias. Conversely, the relatively H2S enriched vent systems at 21°N and 11–13°N along the East Pacific Rise are likely associated with upflow zones that have a mineralogy similar to the type II breccias. As more fossil upflow zones in the oceanic crust are identified, these results could be used to define temporal variability of upwelling fluid chemistry at specific ridge sites on a geologic time scale.
Difficulties people have in answering the question "Where is it?"

It was proposed that people instructed to insert an object into an array must implicitly answer the question “Where should it be?” and then place the object there, and that this question is easier to answer for A than B given the instructions A is higher/lower than B and Aisn't as high/low as B. In Experiment I, Ss read instructions like Blue is lower than pink and then placed a blue (or pink) object into an array; in Experiment II, Ss answered questions like If John is lower than Mary, then where is Mary? Both proposals were supported by the parallel response latencies in the two experiments. Finally, it was shown that Experiment III, a variation on Experiment I, provides critical counterevidence to Huttenlocher's Imagery Theory of reasoning.
Hidden but not forgotten: anesthesia responsibilities for intravenous catheter management.

At approximately 8:00 am on March 2, 1999, N was prepped for surgery at Hospital. Dr. L was the physician responsible for administering anesthesia. N's arms were extended away from his body and secured to arm boards. Intravenous (IV) catheters were placed. H, a nurseanesthetist, placed a Bair Hugger over N then placed a blanket over the Bair Hugger. H also taped the blanket to the arm boards. Midway through the surgical procedure, Dr. L left the operating room (OR). Nurse anesthetist H was assigned to monitor N's anesthesia during that period. At 11:05 am, T, another nurse-anesthetist, relieved H. N's surgery ended shortly afterwards without complication. However, when T removed the blanket and the Bair Hugger from N's arms, T discovered that the IV catheter in N's left arm had extravasated and that N had developed compartment syndrome. While N was still receiving anesthesia in the OR, Dr. D, a vascular surgeon, performed an emergency fasciotomy to relieve the pressure in N's left arm. Four days later, Dr. D performed a skin graft in which he removed a section of skin from N's thigh and placed it on N's left arm. N sued Dr. L and Nurse Anesthetists L and H for medical malpractice, claiming they were negligent in failing to properly monitor his arm and the IV site.
PO2 cycling reduces diaphragm fatigue by attenuating ROS formation

Prolonged muscle exposure to low PO2 conditions may cause oxidative stress resulting in severe muscular injuries. We hypothesize that PO2 cycling preconditioning, which involves brief cycles of diaphragmatic muscle exposure to a low oxygen level (40 Torr) followed by a high oxygen level (550 Torr), can reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as attenuate muscle fatigue in mouse diaphragm under low PO2. Accordingly, dihydrofluorescein (a fluorescent probe) was used to monitor muscular ROS production in real time with confocal microscopy during a lower PO2 condition. In the control group with no PO2 cycling, intracellular ROS formation did not appear during the first 15 min of the low PO2 period. However, after 20 min of low PO2, ROS levels increased significantly by ∼30% compared to baseline, and this increase continued until the end of the 30 min low PO2 condition. Conversely, muscles treated with PO2 cycling showed a complete absence of enhanced fluorescence emission throughout the entire low PO2 period. Furthermore, PO2 cycling-treated diaphragm exhibited increased fatigue resistance during prolonged low PO2 period compared to control. Thus, our data suggest that PO2 cycling mitigates diaphragm fatigue during prolonged low PO2. Although the exact mechanism for this protection remains to be elucidated, it is likely that through limiting excessive ROS levels, PO2 cycling initiates ROS-related antioxidant defenses.
Interactive effects of behavior and reproductive hormones on sex differences in risk for coronary heart disease.

It is well known that women in the United States, as in most industrialized countries in the world, are protected from coronary heart disease (CHD), relative to men. It is thought that this protection is by and large due to the effects of female reproductive hormones (i.e., estrogens) on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and blood pressure, although women's relatively low rates of cigarette smoking are also thought to play a role. However, epidemiological studies that statistically adjust for sex differences in lipids, blood pressure, and smoking status cannot explain sex differences in CHD morbidity and mortality. Also, inconsistent with a simple main-effect model of reproductive hormones are data showing elevated risk of myocardial infarction and stroke among women who use oral contraceptives. Men who are prescribed estrogens have elevated risk of CHD, and case-control studies show that male CHD patients have elevated estradiol, compared to controls. This article suggests that simple main-effect models of female protection from CHD are inadequate. It argues that reproductive hormones are important determinants of protection from CHD, in interaction with behavioral characteristics. It also demonstrates that reproductive hormones can influence behavioral characteristics and that behavioral characteristics can influence the effects of reproductive hormones on CHD risk factors.
Analysis of cardiac motion with recursive comb filtering

A framework for temporal analysis of left ventricular (LV) endocardial wall motion is presented. This approach uses the technique of 2D comb filtering to model the periodic nature of cardiac motion. A method for flow vector computation is presented which defines a relationship between image-derived, shape-based correspondences and a more desirable, smoothly varying, set of correspondences. A recursive filter is then constructed which takes into consideration this relationship as well as knowledge of temporal trends. Experimental results for contours derived from cycles of actual cardiac magnetic resonance images are presented. Applications to the analysis of regional LV wall function are discussed.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Cocaine Dependence: Behavioral Dimensions and Patterns of Progression

The authors report a longitudinal study describing the progression and circumstances of cocaine dependence within a large group of men with different usage histories, from initiation of use to entrance into a treatment program at a Veterans Affairs medical center several years later. Data illustrating the course of the disorder were retrospectively collected, using a “natural history” methodology successfully used in prior research. Four patterns of escalation of cocaine use are described. Generally, as the cocaine career progressed, there was a decrease in the consumption of alcohol and other drugs.
New premolded package with optical fiber guide pipe

A new pre-molded organic package with optical fiber guide pipe has been developed to meet the demand of significant package cost reduction in subscriber systems. The new pre- molded package is composed of a new organic materia which has high anti-moisture reliability. The new pre-molded package has not degraded after reliability test including thermal shock, temperature cycling and PCT of 0 to 100C/500 cycle, -40 to 84 C/500 cycle and 121C/2atm, respectively. The new developed pre-molded package with the guide pipe can be used in the subscriber systems with low- cost effect and high reliability.
Pharmacogenomic trial design: use of a PK/PD model to explore warfarin dosing interventions through clinical trial simulation.

Objective Variants of two genes, CYP2C9 and VKORC1, explain approximately one third of variability in warfarin maintenance dose requirements. However, the clinical utility of using this information in addition to clinical and demographic data (‘pharmacogenomic-guidance’) is unclear, as few comparative clinical trials have been conducted to date. The objective of this study was to explore the incremental effect of pharmacogenomic-guided warfarin dosing under various conditions using clinical trial simulation. Methods We used an existing pharmacokinetic/ pharmacodynamic model to perform clinical trial simulations of pharmacogenomic-guided versus standard of care warfarin therapy. The primary outcome was the percentage of patient time spent in therapeutic range over the first month of therapy. We assessed the influence of the frequency of INR monitoring, and the use of a loading dose and dose increase delay in patients with CYP2C9 variants. Results Pharmacogenomic guidance resulted in a 3–4 percentage point absolute increase in time spent in therapeutic range over the first month of therapy compared with standard of care. The improvement in time in range was greater when the frequency of INR monitoring in both arms was assumed to be lower. The absolute difference increased to 6–8 percentage points with the use of a loading dose and dose increase delay in patients with a CYP2C9 variant. Conclusion Our initial results imply that pharmacogenomic-guided warfarin dosing may be more useful in settings with less intensive patient follow-up, and when adjustments are made for slower therapeutic response in patients with a CYP2C9 variant. Further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic model development may be useful for warfarin pharmacogenomic trial design. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 19:965–971 c 2009 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics 2009, 19:965–971
Effects of pea aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) honeydew on longevity and fecundity of the alfalfa weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) parasitoid Bathyplectes curculionis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

The ability of parasitoids to attack their hosts may be influenced by the availability of adult food sources such as homopteran honeydew. To test this hypothesis for the wasp Bathyplectes curculionis (Thomson), a parasitoid of the alfalfa weevil, Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), we performed laboratory experiments to determine whether availability of pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), honeydew influenced adult longevity and fecundity of the wasp. Adult wasps caged with alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., and pea aphids fed on the aphid honeydew and lived a50% longer than wasps caged with alfalfa alone. In a related experiment, newly emerged, unmated B. curculionis females were allowed to feed for 2 d on pea aphid honeydew, sucrose dissolved in water, or water alone, and were then dissected to determine the number of eggs in a lateral oviduct. Egg production was slightly (11–15%) but significantly greater in females with access to pea aphid honeydew or sugar water than in females with access to water only. These results suggest that availability of pea aphid honeydew in alfalfa fields may enhance the realized fecundity of B. curculionis . Hence, the presence of pea aphids in moderate numbers may be beneficial for biological control of the alfalfa weevil.
Stability of carbon suspensions

Abstract The stability of an oil furnace carbon black, a graphitized carbon black and a platinized carbon black suspension, respectively, was studied in the presence of surfactants and electrolytes as a function of pH. Complete domains are given in terms of the concentrations of the additives and pH which delineate the regions of stable and flocculated suspensions. Electrokinetic and adsorption data are also reported.
Computational study of single-expansion-ramp nozzles with external burning

A computational investigation of the effects of external burning on the performance of single expansion ramp nozzles (SERN) operating at transonic speeds is presented. The study focuses on the effects of external heat addition and introduces a simplified injection and mixing model based on a control volume analysis. This simplified model permits parametric and scaling studies that would have been impossible to conduct with a detailed CFD analysis. The CFD model is validated by comparing the computed pressure distribution and thrust forces, for several nozzle configurations, with experimental data. Specific impulse calculations are also presented which indicate that external burning performance can be superior to other methods of thrust augmentation at transonic speeds. The effects of injection fuel pressure and nozzle pressure ratio on the performance of SERN nozzles with external burning are described. The results show trends similar to those reported in the experimental study, and provide additional information that complements the experimental data, improving our understanding of external burning flowfields. A study of the effect of scale is also presented. The results indicate that combustion kinetics do not make the flowfield sensitive to scale.
Homogeneous nucleation of liquid from the vapor phase in an expansion cloud chamber

A Wilson expansion cloud chamber has been used to measure the homogeneous vapor-to-liquid nucleation of several materials over the past decade. These data, representing nucleation rate as a function of temperature and supersaturation ratio for toluene, nonane, and water measured in our center, have been re-examined and are presented both in graphical form and as a table of selected data points. The latter is included for ease of comparison with theory. Measurements of the binary homogeneous nucleation of ethanol-water (E-W) mixtures are also presented. The expansion chamber experimental technique and data reduction technique are discussed.
Representing Sampled Pareto Frontiers as Parameterized Continuous Manifolds Using Self-Organizing Maps

This paper describes a method for defining a coordinate system to parameterize a sampled Pareto frontier of a continuous multi-attribute design problem using a modified self-organizing map. By defining such a coordinate system, the design problem may be reformulated from y=f(x) to (y,x)=g(ψ), where x is a vector of design variables, y is a vector of attributes, and ψ is a vector of barycentric coordinates. Exploration of the design problem using ψ as the independent variables has the following desirable properties: 1) Every vector ψ corresponds to a Pareto efficient design, and every Pareto efficient design has a corresponding ψ. 2) The number of ψ coordinates is equal to the number of attributes, regardless of the number of design variables. 3) Each attribute yi has a corresponding coordinate ψi such that the sign of ∂yi/∂ψi is positive if the objective is to maximize yi and negative if the objective is to minimize yi (i.e., the attributes improve monotonically as their corresponding coordinates increase...
Syntheses, Structures, Bonding, and Redox Behavior of 1,4-Bis(ferrocenyl)butadiyne Coordinated Osmium Clusters

The reaction of Os3(CO)11(NCMe) (1) with 1,4-bis(ferrocenyl)butadiyne (3) yielded two products: Os3(CO)10(μ3-η2-FcC4Fc) (4) and Os3(CO)11(μ3-η4-FcC4Fc) (5). Compound 4 was obtained in better yield (94%) from the reaction of Os3(CO)10(NCMe)2 (2) with 3 at 67 °C. Compound 4 contains a bis(ferrocenyl)butadiyne ligand coordinated to a triangular triosmium cluster via one of its alkyne groups in a triply bridging fashion. Compound 5 contains an open triosmium cluster with the two C−C triple bonds coordinated in a parallel fashion to the three metal atoms. Compound 2 reacts with 3 at 97 °C to yield the compound Os2(CO)6(μ-η4-FcC2C⋮CFc)2 (6) as a result of cluster fragmentation. Compound 6 exhibits a ferrole-type structure formed by the coupling two molecules of diyne 3. At 97 °C 4 is transformed into the new compound Os3(CO)9(μ3-η2-C⋮CFc)(μ-η2-C⋮CFc) (7), which contains two bridging ferrocenylacetylide ligands formed by cleaving the C−C bond between the two alkyne groups. All four products were characterized b...
The Outcome After Restorative Proctocolectomy With or Without Defunctioning Ileostomy

Controversy exists regarding the safety for omission of diverting ileostomy in restorative proctocolectomy because of fears of increased septic complications. This study was designed to evaluate the outcomes of restorative proctocolectomy in a consecutive series of patients by comparing postoperative complications, functional results, and quality of life in patients with and without diverting ileostomy. Data regarding demographics, length of stay, surgical characteristics, and complications were reviewed and recorded according to the presence (n= 1,725) or absence (n = 277) of a diverting ileostomy at the time of pelvic pouch surgery. Criteria for omission of ileostomy included: stapled anastomosis, tension-free anastomosis, intact tissue rings, good hemostasis, absence of airleaks, malnutrition, toxicity, anemia, and prolonged consumption of steroids. Functional outcome and quality of lifeindicators were prospectively recorded and compared. Patients in the ileostomy group had greater body surface area and older mean age at time of surgery, were taking greater doses of steroids preoperatively, and required more blood transfusions at the time of surgery compared with the one-stage (P 0.05). Early postoperative ileus was more common in the one-stage group (P < 0.001). There were no differences between the groups in quality of life and functional outcomes. For carefully selected patients undergoing restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis, omission of diverting ileostomy is a safe procedure that does not lead to an increase inseptic complications or mortality. Quality of life and functional results are similar to those who undergo ileal pouch-anal anastomosis with diversion, provided that certain selection factors are considered.
Kupffer cell prostaglandin-E2 production is amplified during hepatic regeneration.

Prostaglandin-E2 increases in liver tissue after partial hepatectomy and stimulates DNA synthesis in primary cultures of hepatocytes. This study evaluated the capacity of Kupffer cells isolated at various intervals after partial hepatectomy to produce prostaglandin E2 in response to bacterial endotoxin. This stimulator of Kupffer cells is a normal endogenous component of portal venous blood. After partial hepatectomy (6 to 48 hr), when hepatic regeneration rates were greatest, regenerating liver Kupffer cells demonstrated a significantly greater capacity to produce prostaglandin E2 in response to bacterial endotoxin than did equal numbers of Kupffer cells from timematched, sham-operated control animals. However, by 12 days after partial hepatectomy, when liver mass had been more than 83% restored, regenerating liver Kupffer cell prostaglandin E2 production had decreased to levels produced by sham KC. We postulate that high levels of Kupffer cell—derived prostaglandin E2 provide a critical paracrine signal fundamental to the initiation and control of growth by neighboring hepatocytes during liver regeneration. (HEPATOLOGY 1991;14:368–372.)
Optimal performance of charged particle telescopes in space

Abstract A Bayesian probabilistic data analysis method for energetic proton and ion data from charged particle telescopes in space is described. The telescope is assumed to consist of only a series of planar silicon detectors with graduated thicknesses. The method is based on a range-straggling function and makes optimal use of energy loss measurements in each detector. It provides accurate incidence angle estimates for particles stopping in the telescope, allowing accurate element identification and possible isotope identification. It also provides energy estimates for high-energy particles going through the telescope without stopping. Examples are shown for simulated telescope design performance tests and application to real space-particle data.
Evaluation of parameters affecting quantitative detection of Escherichia coli O157 in enriched water samples using immunomagnetic electrochemiluminescence

We report here the use of immunomagnetic (IM) electrochemiluminescence (ECL) for quantitative detection of Esherichia coli O157:H7 in water samples following enrichment in minimal lactose broth (MLB). IM beads prepared in-house with four commercial anti-O157 monoclonal antibodies were compared for efficiency of cell capture. IM-ECL responses for E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were similar for all four commercial anti-O157 LPS monoclonal antibodies. The ECL signal was linearly correlated with E. coli O157:H7 cell concentration, indicating a constant ECL response per cell. Twenty-two strains of E. coli O157:H7 or O157:NM gave comparable ECL signals using IM beads prepared in-house. To assess the potential for interference from background bacteria in MLB-enriched water samples, 10 4 cells of E. coli O157:H7 (strain SEA13B88) were added to enriched samples prior to analysis. There was considerable variability in recovery of E. coli O157:H7 cells; net ECL signals ranged from 1% to 100% of expected values (i.e., percent inhibition from 0% to 99%). Cultures of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, and Enterobacter cloacae, subsequently isolated from MLB-enriched water samples via IM separation (IMS), were observed to interfere with the binding of E. coli O157:H7 cells to IM beads. Recoveries of 10 4 E. coli O157:H7 cells were V10% in the presence of ca. 10 8 K. pneumoniae, K. oxytoca ,o rE. cloacae cells. None of these strains gave a positive IM-ECL signal. Although competitive binding decreased sensitivity, there still was a linear correlation between ECL signal and higher E. coli O157:H7 cell concentrations. These studies indicate that IM-ECL in conjunction with MLB enrichment is capable of quantitatively detecting as few as 10 3 to 10 5 E. coli O157:H7 cells ml 1 , depending on percent recoveries, in enriched samples that contain ca. 10 9 total lactose-fermenting bacteria ml 1 . Assuming comparable growth rates for E. coli O157:H7 and other lactose-fermenting bacteria in MLB, it may be possible to detect as few as one E. coli O157:H7 in 100 ml of raw water containing as many as 10 4 to 10 6 lactose-fermenting bacteria (i.e., total coliforms).
A method for modeling the interactions of parallel flat plate systems with surface features

Abstract A method is presented for modeling the unretarded van der Waals and the electric double layer interactions of two parallel flat plates of which one is smooth and the other is roughened, based on the methods of Hamaker and Derjaguin. The electric double layer interactions will be described for the cases of the constant surface charge and constant surface potential. The method consists of replacing the original system with flat plates which have an equivalent interaction energy. The configuration of the two flat plate system is determined by using the equivalent distance ratio. The equivalent distance ratio is the distance between the equivalent flat plates, divided by the actual plate separation. It is dependent on the nondimensional geometric parameters of the asperity system, the shape of the asperity and the type of interaction. The range of the ratio is from zero to unity for positive asperities, though for negative asperities they always exceed unity. Both positive and negative asperities are studied. In addition to presenting the equivalent distance ratio, the original model of Herman and Papadopoulos (J. Colloid Interface Sci. 136, 385, 1990 ) is used for constant base area analysis as well as for a distribution of asperities on the surface.
Regional changes in intracellular pH determined by neutral red histophotometry and high energy metabolites during cardiac arrest and following resuscitation in the rat

Intracellular pH was determined by neutral red color histophotometry in cerebral tissue from rats subjected to 10 minutes of cardiac arrest and from rats that had recovered for 1 and 6 hours following 8–10 minutes of total cerebral ischemia (TIA). Tissue concentrations of ATP, lactate and glucose were measured corresponding to the pH determinations. As expected, tissue ATP was depleted while tissue lactate was markedly elevated after 10 minutes of ischemia without reflow in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. However, both metabolites were near control following 1 and 6 hours of recovery in all three regions. Tissue glucose was not significantly different from control following 1 and 6 hours of reperfusion. During ischemia, the intracellular pH dropped to 6.5–6.7 in all three regions (p<0.05). But, since the initial pH of the hippocampus was 7.79 while that of the cerebral cortex and striatum was approxiamtely 7.02, the net drop in pHi the hippocampus was greater than in the other two regions. Follwoing 1 hour of reperfusion, a trend towards tissue alkalosis was observed in the cerebral cortex and striatum.
CRT-307 Gender Differences in Patients with Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Referred for Endovascular Intervention

Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 8 million people in the US. Endovascular intervention is frequently performed in patients with symptomatic PAD. However, gender differences in patients referred for endovascular intervention are not well defined. We
The contemporary historical novel

Although contemporary historical novels share a number of features with the traditional historical novel, as analysed by Lukacs (1981), they display a fundamental change in the perception of history, evident in the disappearance of the omniscient narrator, in their choice of significant and representative figures, and scepticism regarding teleology of history or the world-historical role of war and violence. On the one hand, history has become a riddle, and this is reflected in the preference for the form of the detective novel, for which the model is The Name of theRose (Eco 1983). On the other hand, there is a clear preference for two historical periods: the collapse of the ancient world and the birth of the modern from the Renaissance to the 18th century.
Can they hear me now?: a security analysis of law enforcement wiretaps

Although modern communications services are susceptible to third-party eavesdropping via a wide range of possible techniques, law enforcement agencies in the US and other countries generally use one of two technologies when they conduct legally-authorized interception of telephones and other communications traffic. The most common of these, designed to comply with the 1994 Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act(CALEA), use a standard interface provided in network switches.This paper analyzes the security properties of these interfaces. We demonstrate that the standard CALEA interfaces are vulnerable to a range of unilateral attacks by the intercept target. In particular, because of poor design choices in the interception architecture and protocols, our experiments show it is practical for a CALEA-tapped target to overwhelm the link to law enforcement with spurious signaling messages without degrading her own traffic, effectively preventing call records as well as content from being monitored or recorded. We also identify stop-gap mitigation strategies that partially mitigate some of our identified attacks.
The Influence of Surface Hydroxyls on Catalyzed Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene Chemiluminescence

The chemiluminescent reaction of tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene (TDE) with oxygen was investigated as a means of characterizing surface hydroxyls on MgO. The types and quantities of surface hydroxyl groups on MgO following different pretreatment procedures were studied with FT-IR and triethylaluminum (AlEt3) titration. The emission intensity vs. reaction time curve for TDE chemiluminescence was then interpreted based on the types of hydroxyl groups present. Higher emission intensity was detected from TDE chemiluminescence on MgO surfaces rich in lower coordinated isolated OH (especially 4-coordinated isolated OH), suggesting that isolated hydroxyl groups catalyzed TDE chemiluminescence. An unusual shape in the intensity curve was noted for many samples, where intensity first decreased, then increased until it reached a local maximum, and then decreased to zero. This shape was attributed to the formation of quenchers and the eventual separation of the polar quenching species from the nonpolar TDE phase. T...
1‐(β‐d‐Erythrofuranosyl)adenosine

The title compound, also known as beta-erythroadenosine, C(9)H(11)N(5)O(3), (I), a derivative of beta-adenosine, (II), that lacks the C5' exocyclic hydroxymethyl (-CH(2)OH) substituent, crystallizes from hot ethanol with two independent molecules having different conformations, denoted (IA) and (IB). In (IA), the furanose conformation is (O)T(1)-E(1) (C1'-exo, east), with pseudorotational parameters P and tau(m) of 114.4 and 42 degrees, respectively. In contrast, the P and tau(m) values are 170.1 and 46 degrees, respectively, in (IB), consistent with a (2)E-(2)T(3) (C2'-endo, south) conformation. The N-glycoside conformation is syn (+sc) in (IA) and anti (-ac) in (IB). The crystal structure, determined to a resolution of 2.0 A, of a cocrystal of (I) bound to the enzyme 5'-fluorodeoxyadenosine synthase from Streptomyces cattleya shows the furanose ring in a near-ideal (O)E (east) conformation (P = 90 degrees and tau(m) = 42 degrees) and the base in an anti (-ac) conformation.
1519 ANTENATAL PHENOBARBITAL FOR PREVENTION OF NEONATAL IANTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE

A prospective randomized controlled study was performed evaluating the effects of antenatal phenobarbital (PB) on neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Forty-six pregnant women in labor <35 wks gestation were assigned to control (n=22) or treatment groups (n=24); the treatment group received 500 mg PB by slow intravenous infusion prior to delivery. Echoencephalograms were performed on all infants. The time between dose of PB and delivery was 5.6 ± 4.6 hrs (all values mean ± SD). Maternal PB levels at delivery were 8.72 ± 2.01 μg/mL and cord serum PB levels were 8.85 ± 1.57 μg/mL. The infants in the control group and those in the PB treated group did not differ regarding delivery route, presentation, Apgar scores, ventilatory support, episodes of acidosis, hypoxemia, hypercarbia, hypotension and fluid therapy in the first 3 days. The results indicate a significant decrease in mortality and occurrence of moderate and severe IVH in the PB treated group as compared to the control group.
Standing out in the crowd

This study examines if, in addition to increasing lobbying expenditure amounts, corporations in the broadcast and wireless industries are also attempting to change lobbying strategies in order to gain competitive advantage. This study examines possible changes in lobbying strategies though the lens of institutional isomorphism, a mechanism of institutional theory. Using institutional isomorphism, the study examines if the broadcast and wireless industries have altered lobbying strategies in the face of competition. This examination is conducted through the construction and analysis of an original data set of lobbying expenditures for the broadcast and wireless industries from 1998 to 2012. Are corporations trying to change lobbying strategies in order to gain favorable policy outcomes?Study analyzes a data set of lobbying expenditures for the broadcast and wireless industries.Similar strategies still occur, but efforts are being made to distinguish lobbying activities.Areas of differentiation include policy focus, venue, and internal versus external lobbying.
Analysis and Design of Stacked-FET Millimeter-Wave Power Amplifiers

Stacked field-effect transistor (FET) CMOS millimeter-wave power amplfiers (PAs) are studied with a focus on design of appropriate complex impedances between the transistors. The stacking of multiple FETs allows increasing the supply voltage, which, in turn, allows higher output power and a broader bandwidth output matching network. Different matching techniques for the intermediate nodes are analyzed and used in two-, three-, and four-stack single-stage $Q$ -band CMOS PAs. A four-stack amplifier design achieves a saturated output power greater than 21 dBm while achieving a maximum power-added efficiency (PAE) greater than 20% from 38 to 47 GHz. The effectiveness of an inductive tuning technique is demonstrated in measurement, improving the PAE from 26% to 32% in a two-stack PA design. The input and output matching networks are designed using on-chip shielded coplanar waveguide transmission lines, as well as metal finger capacitors. The amplifiers were implemented in a 45-nm CMOS silicon-on-insulator process. Each of the amplifiers occupies an area of 600 $\mu$ m $\,\times\,$ 500 $\mu$ m including pads.
Microsomal cholesterol ester hydrolase of rat brain: lipids as effector of enzymatic activity.

Abstract Evidence is presented that lipid plays an important role in the function of the microsomal cholesterol ester hydrolase of rat brain. The catalytic activity was almost completely lost when most of cholesterol and up to 70% of phospholipids were removed from lyophilized microsomes by extraction with chloroform at −20 °C. The activity was completely restored when the chloroform-extracted lipid was added back to the assay mixture in the amount equal to the original concentration. Cholesterol or individual phospholipid alone was not effective in reconstituting the lost enzymatic activity. Effective restoration of the activity required addition of cholesterol and a phospholipid. Among the phospholipids tested, phosphatidylserine was the most effective, followed by ethanolamine phospholipids and phosphatidylcholine. The apparent V was dependent on the amount of the lipid added, while the Km for the substrate, cholesteryl oleate, remained relatively constant, indicating that the effect of the added lipid was primarily on the reaction rate and not on the affinity of the enzyme to the substrate. The similar lipid dependence was observed with the Triton X-100-solubilized enzyme preparation. When the lipid phase of the microsomal membrane was perturbed, the enzyme became unstable when heated at 50 °C and its activity showed a discontinuity in the Arrhenius plots. Therefore, not only the concentration of the added lipid but also the physical state of the lipid phase around the enzyme appeared to be important for the activity of the rat brain microsomal cholesterol ester hydrolase.
Steiner minimal trees and urban service networks

The optimal configuration of urban service networks has recently been shown to be a computationally difficult problem. However, there are efficient and effective techniques by which this optimal configuration of urban service networks can be approximated. In this paper, we analyze the Lp Steiner Network problem in the plane R2 and demonstrate its applicability to the urban service network problem. We present a simple algorithm for estimating the Lp metric parameter for random points in the plane, then utilize it to find the Lp values for four different American cities. Finally, we apply the LpSMT algorithm described within the text to one of the cities in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithm for determining optimal network configurations.
Water Consumption by Red Tree Voles (Arborimus longicaudus)

Abstract We studied consumption of free water by a sample of 7 Red Tree Voles (Arborimus longicaudus) maintained in captivity on a natural diet of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) foliage. Mean consumption of free water by individual voles was 0.016 ± 0.001 ml/g/d, which is much lower than has been reported for most other species of voles. The small amount of free water consumed per day suggests that Tree Voles need little access to free water and can obtain nearly all of their water from their diet of conifer needles, which is low in caloric value but high in water content.
Juror Decisions about Damages in Employment Discrimination Cases

This article examines influences on mock juror and jury decision making regarding damages in an employment discrimination case. We examined the effects of expert economic testimony, suggested awards, and conflicting economic testimony on decisions regarding lost wages and benefits and pain and suffering. Participants heard excerpts of an age discrimination lawsuit in which liability had previously been determined in the plaintiff's favor. We varied whether suggested awards were included and if so, whether they were presented by attorneys, a plaintiff's expert economist, or both a plaintiff's and defendant's expert economist. Results tentatively showed that attorney's suggestions were not persuasive and that the effects of expert testimony depend on its nature and on the particular decision task at hand. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A quantitative evaluation of techniques for detection of abnormal change events in blogs.

While most digital collections have limited forms of change--primarily creation and deletion of additional resources--there exists a class of digital collections that undergoes additional kinds of change. These collections are made up of resources that are distributed across the Internet and brought together into a collection via hyperlinking. Resources in these collections can be expected to change as time goes on. Part of the difficulty in maintaining these collections is determining if a changed page is still a valid member of the collection. Others have tried to address this problem by measuring change and defining a maximum allowed threshold of change, however, these methods treat all change as a potential problem and treat web content as a static document despite its intrinsically dynamic nature. Instead, we approach the significance of change on the web as a normal part of a web document's life-cycle and determine the difference between what a maintainer expects a page to do and what it actually does. In this work we evaluate the different options for extractors and analyzers in order to determine the best options from a suite of techniques. The evaluation used a human-generated ground-truth set of blog changes. The results of this work showed a statistically significant improvement over a range of traditional threshold techniques when applied to our collection of tagged blog changes.
The Hybrid Origin of Two Cultivars of Crocus (Iridaceae) Analysed by Molecular Cytogenetics including Genomic Southern and in situ Hybridization

Abstract The origin of the two common cultivars of Crocus, C. 'Stellaris' ( 2n = 2x = 10) and C. 'Golden Yellow' ( 2n = 3x = 14) was investigated by fluorescent in situ hybridization using both total genomic DNA and cloned DNA sequences as probes. The clear differentiation between the chromosomes after genomic in situ hybridization supports the proposals of a hybrid origin of the cultivars and shows that they have the same parental genomes originating from C. flavus ( 2n = 8) and C. angustifolius ( 2n = 12). C. 'Stellaris' has four chromosomes of C. flavus origin and six chromosomes of C. angustifolius origin. C. 'Golden Yellow' has eight chromosomes of C. flavus origin and six chromosomes of C. angustifolius origin. The number and location of 18S-5·8S-26S rRNA genes on the chromosomes of the hybrids and of the parental species agree with the results from the genomic probings. Hybridization to Southern membranes also supports the hybrid origin of C. 'Golden Yellow'.
The freshman course: A curricular schema

Research on college students indicates that (a) attrition is greatest during and at the end of the freshman year and (b) retention is associated with the degree to which a student is integrated socially and academically. Recently, freshman courses have been introduced to increase the integration of students into college environments. The core components are informal contact with peers and faculty or staff, a small group setting, and cognitive and affective learning. A classification system for freshman courses formulated from dominant themes that emerged from a review of current practices of 20 colleges and universities is reported. Characteristic features and analogous programs of the interdisciplinary, developmental and utilitarian approaches are presented.
Activity of two novel fluoroquinolones (DU-6859a and DV-7751a) tested against glycopeptide-resistant enterococcal isolates

Abstract Two novel fluoroquinolones, DU-6859a and DV-7751a, were compared with three peer compounds (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and ofloxacin) by testing 150 strains of enterococci that were resistant to vancomycin. Standardized methods recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards were used for all minimum inhibitory concentration tests, and DU-6859a was additionally tested by the standardized disk diffusion procedure (5-μg disks). The rank order of the fluoroquinolone spectrums against these Enterococcus spp, isolates was DU-6859a (71.3% of strains inhibited at ⩽2 (μg/ml) > DV-7751a (38.7%) > levofloxacin (33.3%) > ofloxacin (32.0%) > ciprofloxacin (3.3%). Using previously proposed break point zone diameters of ⩾16 mm (susceptible) and ⩽12 mm (resistant), the DU-6859a disk diffusion tests for these glycopeptide-resistant organisms were without falsesusceptible or false-resistant error (81.3% absolute agreement). These results indicate that among the investigatioml and currently marketed fluoroquinolones, DU-6859a appears to have the greatest potential value in the therapy of Enterococcus spp. strains that are resistant to the glycopeptides and many other therapeutic agents.