cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling droplet breakup processes under micro-explosion conditions

Abstract This paper presents a numerical model of micro-explosion for multicomponent droplets. The first part of the model addresses the mass and temperature distribution inside the droplet and the bubble growth within the droplet. The bubble generation is described by a homogeneous nucleation theory, and the subsequent bubble growth leads to the final explosion (i.e., breakup). The second part of the model determines when and how the breakup process proceeds. Unlike ad hoc/empirical approaches reported in the literature, the size and velocity of sibling droplets were determined by a linear instability analysis. After validated against available experimental data for bubble growth and homogeneous nucleation, the developed model was first used to study the effects of various parameters on the onset of micro-explosion. It was found that, optimum composition and high ambient pressure favor micro-explosion; however, extremely high pressures suppress micro-explosion because the volatility differential decreases. The vaporization behavior of an oxygenate diesel blend was analyzed at the end. It was found that micro-explosion is possible under typical diesel engine environments for this type of fuel. Occurrence of micro-explosion shortens the droplet lifetime, and this effect is stronger for droplets with larger sizes or a near 50/50 composition.
Die Rolle von genetischen und Umweltfaktoren bei der kieferorthopädischen Therapie

Ein Rezidiv einer behandelten Gebisanomalie kann durch Erb- und Umweltsfaktoren verursacht werden, welche Wachstumsabweichungen, pathologische Erscheinungen und lokale Storungen bedingen. Okklusale Unmanieren, Kieferhaltung, abnormale Druckgewohnheiten und fehlerhaftes Vorgehen bei der Behandlung konnen zusatzlich zu inharenten genetischen Tendenzen unerwunschte Krafte ins Spiel bringen, die dazu fuhren, das kieferorthopadisch behandelte Gebis wieder in den Zustand der Anomalie zuruckzubringen. Die Auswirkungen dieser Faktoren werden besprochen und gezeigt.
"CRASH"ing with the worm: insights into L1CAM functions and mechanisms.

The L1 family of cell adhesion molecules (L1CAMs) in vertebrates has long been studied for its roles in nervous system development and function. Members of this family have been associated with distinct neurological disorders that include CRASH, autism, 3p syndrome, and schizophrenia. The conservation of L1CAMs in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans allows the opportunity to take advantage of these simple model organisms and their accessible genetic manipulations to dissect L1CAM functions and mechanisms of action. This review summarizes the discoveries of L1CAMs made in C. elegans, showcasing this simple model organism as a powerful system to uncover L1CAM mechanisms and roles in healthy and diseased states. Developmental Dynamics 239:1490–1501, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Trends In Contract Management: The Hidden Evolution In Hospital Organization

Contract management is an arrangement whereby the day-to-day operation of the hospital is contracted to an outside organization. In the past two decades there has been dramatic growth in the number of hospitals opting for contract management, yet surprisingly little attention has been paid to this phenomenon. Using national data, we report trends and demonstrate that adoption of contracts results in decreases in service offerings more often than increases. Since contract-managed hospitals tend to be located in rural areas, this raises concerns regarding access to care. On the other hand, contract management may allow distressed hospitals to survive.
Overview on the formation of paleolakes and ponds on Mars

Lakes on Mars were formed under periglacial to glacial climates. Extreme conditions prevailed including freezing temperatures, low atmospheric pressure, high evaporation/sublimation rates, and liquid water reservoirs locked in aquifers below a thick cryosphere. Although many of the Martian paleolakes display evidence of a short period of activity consistent with these conditions, others display clear evidence of lifetimes ranging from 104 to 105 years. The discovery of young seeping processes in impact craters and pole-facing valley slopes along with young volcanic activity raise questions about the conditions and limitations of liquid water flow and potential lacustrine activity today on Mars. Current climate models show that in today's conditions there exist regions on Mars of sols above the triple point and below boiling point of water that could provide hydrogeological conditions comparable to these of the Antarctic Dry Valley lakes (with the exception of the atmosphere pressure). The locations of the most recent Martian paleolakes are correlated with these regions. Throughout the history of Mars, lakes generated diversified environments, which could have provided potential habitats for life. The recent discovery of young energy sources from volcanism and the potential for liquid water reinforces the possibility of extant life on Mars, and suggests recent ponds and ancient paleolakes as primary targets for rover and sample return missions.
A micromethod for the purification and quantification of organic acids of the tricar☐ylic acid cycle in plant tissues

Abstract A rapid and convenient microscale method for the purification and quantification of several of the organic acids of the tricar☐ylic acid cycle is described. It has been applied to a variety of plant tissues, and its use in studying the organic acid content of the soybean plant is described in detail.
Determination of famotidine in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography

An improved, rapid and specific high-performance liquid chromatographic assay was developed for the determination of famotidine in human plasma and urine. Plasma samples were alkalinized and the analyte and internal standard (cimetidine) extracted with water-saturated ethyl acetate. The extracts were reconstituted in mobile phase, and injected onto a C18 reversed-phase column; UV detection was set at 267 nm. Urine samples were diluted with nine volumes of a mobile phase-internal standard mixture prior to injection. The lower limits of quantification in plasma and urine were 75 ng/ml and 1.0 microg/ml, respectively; intra- and inter-day coefficients of variation were < or =10.5%. This method is currently being used to support renal function studies assessing the use of intravenously administered famotidine to characterize cationic tubular secretion in man.
Interaction Involvement and Discourse Strategies: The Patterned Use of Cohesive Devices in Conversation.

Communicative competence entails the ability of speakers to mesh their utterances to form coherent conversation. The research reported here explored the relationship between interaction involvement as a traitlike dimension of communicative competence and the use of grammatical cohesive devices to create explicit ties within conversation. It was hypothesized that three dyad types exhibiting differing patterns of interaction involvement would be differentiated by the patterns of cohesive devices used to create ties within their conversation. Results indicated that the dyads differed significantly in the patterned use of interactive ellipsis and noninteractive reference within T‐units. These patterns were seen as indicators of discourse strategies differing in their relative reliance on minimal passing moves versus more elaborate responses. Finally, it was argued that these discourse strategies are responsive to the relative certainty/uncertainty of the dyads in tracking the flow of conversation and in deter...
Engineered connectivity in carbon nanotube films for damping applications

Multiwalled carbon nanotube thin films were fabricated using catalytic chemical vapor deposition of xylene-ferrocene mixture precursor. The nanotube films were employed as inter-layers within composite systems to reinforce the interfaces between composite plies, enhancing laminate stiffness as well as structural damping. Experiments conducted using a piezo-silica composite beam with an embedded nano-film sub-layer indicated up to 200% increase in the inherent damping level and 30% increase in the baseline bending stiffness with minimal increase in structural weight. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization of the nano-film was also conducted to investigate the mechanics of stiffness and damping augmentation. The study revealed a fascinating network of densely packed, highly interlinked multiwalled nanotubes (MWNTs). This inter-tube connectivity resulted in strong interactions between adjacent nanotube clusters as they shear relative to each other causing energy dissipation within the nano-film. Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed that inter-tube interaction was the dominant mechanism for damping within the nano-film layer. The cross-links between nanotubes also served to improve load transfer within the network resulting in improved stiffness properties.
Waste, we know you are out there.

Henry Aaron argues that to cut waste in health care, the first step should be heavy investment in research on what works and what doesn't, and at what cost. The second step would be to extend insurance coverage to the uninsured.
Decomposition of burning polytetrafluoroethylene

PTFE rods, 0.6–3.8 cm diameter, were burnt from the top downwards in a gently rising atmosphere of oxygen. The burning was only possible in concentrated oxygen, or at elevated temperature or pressure. At its surface temperature of 920 ± 25°K, the polymer evolved monomeric C2F4 which oxidized in a surrounding gas flame; 15–35% of all the carbon in the gas was found present as monomer just above the larger rods. Depolymerization of the solid was not its only mode of decomposition, however. The heat radiated and conducted from the flame into the condensed phase was too little to depolymerize it completely, and heterogeneous reactions with species from the gas phase must also have contributed to the decomposition. Overall, the polymer burnt in O2, but the gaseous reactant which attacked the surface need not have been O2 or O in all cases, for these rare species just above the larger rods. Elemental fluorine was present in the gas even when elemental oxygen was absent, and calculations indicate that F atoms would be a major flame species at equilibrium. It is possible that heterogeneous attack by flame generated F atoms consumed part of the polymer and also supplied energy to help depolymerize the rest.
Systems of Partial Control: Ethnic Dynamics in Post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia

This article offers a theory to capture ethnic dynamics in post-Soviet Estonia and Latvia. It also explores a research question of great interest to political scientists, historians, sociologists, and economists: what accounts for stability in deeply divided societies? Drawing on Ian Lustick’s formulation of control, the author suggests that stability in deeply divided societies is a result of conscious efforts made by elites to construct what she calls “systems of partial control.” In such systems, the majority ethnic group controls the political sector, but shares control of the economic sector with minority ethnic groups. Economic prosperity derived from dispersed economic control accounts for stability in Estonia and Latvia. The article identifies two conditions that must be satisfied for elites to tolerate partial control. First, elites must reach a threshold of political hegemony at which point they dominate the political sector and second, the respective state must have a flourishing private sector. The article concludes with an assessment of whether or not systems of partial control are likely to be stable, and a reflection on implications of these systems beyond the post-Soviet region.
Mass transfer between immiscible liquid metals

The extraction of lanthanum and barium from single falling drops of the uranium-chromium eutectic into magnesium was studied at 1,000°C. Because of the short contact times involved, the data best fit the stagnant diffusion model for lanthanum. For barium, the fraction extracted was governed by external resistance of the magnesium phase. Drop velocities were adequately represented by the Hu-Kintner correlation.
“NEALE PLATE“ EQUATIONS AND APPLICATIONS TO BUCKLING OF RECTANGULAR PLATES

Abstract The field equations associated with Neale's variational theorem are developed and applied to the problem of buckling and postbuckling of heated, constrained flat plates. The resulting equations are a generalization of Karman's equations in rate form, having a constitutive equation in which the strain/curvature rates are a linear combination of the stress resultant rates. In the immediate neighborhood of a critical point, the theory predicts a substantial reduction of the buckling temperature due to plasticity effects. Further, for long strips, the force stress resultant in the short direction appears to decrease in absolute value after buckling, while the force stress resultant in the long direction appears to increase in absolute value.
Three-dimensional structure and flexibility of a membrane-coating module of the nuclear pore complex

The nuclear pore complex mediates nucleocytoplasmic transport in all eukaryotes and is among the largest cellular assemblies of proteins, collectively known as nucleoporins. Nucleoporins are organized into distinct subcomplexes. We optimized the isolation of a putative membrane-coating subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex, the heptameric Nup84 complex, and analyzed its structure by EM. Our data confirmed the previously reported 'Y' shape. We discerned additional structural details, including specific hinge regions at which the particle shows great flexibility. We determined the three-dimensional structures of two conformers, mapped the localization of two nucleoporins within the subcomplex and docked known crystal structures into the EM maps. The free ends of the Y-shaped particle are formed by beta-propellers; the connecting segments consist of alpha-solenoids. Notably, the same organizational principle is found in the clathrin triskelion, which may share a common evolutionary origin with the heptameric complex.
Speaker adaptation via VQ prototype modification

A statistical technique for vector quantizer (VQ) prototype adaptation, based on tied-mixture continuous-parameter HMM's, is derived and evaluated on the basis of experimental evidence. Performance on difficult adaptation tasks indicates that VQ-prototype adaptation via tied-mixture HMM's constitutes a useful mechanism for speaker adaptation, particularly when there are substantial channel differences or when there is a large mismatch between reference and target speaker characteristics. >
Volume-based reasoning and visualization of diecastability

Because of the nature of the die casting process, the part geometry severely restricts the die geometry and hence affects the quality of the part. However, as is often the case in other manufacturing processes, diecastings are currently designed purely based on their function. The manufacturability of the diecastings is not considered until the design has been nearly completed and detailed. This is due to the design support limitations of current CAE tools. In this paper, we present a new volume-based approach to support diecastability evaluation, especially in preliminary design. Our approach can be applied to arbitrarily shaped parts without pre-defined feature libraries. The focus is on the identification of geometric characteristics, e.g. heavy mass regions, that could be responsible for thermal-related part defects. A distance transform with city-block metric is used to extract this geometric property. Volume visualization techniques are also adopted to allow users to visualize the results in a clear and precise way.
Cortical mechanics and meiosis II completion in mammalian oocytes are mediated by myosin-II and Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) proteins.

Analysis of mouse oocyte mechanics shows that effective tension drops 6-fold from prophase I to metaphase II; the metaphase II egg has a 2.5-fold tension differential between the cortex over the sp...
Productivity Losses from Financial Frictions: Can Self-Financing Undo Capital Misallocation?

I develop a highly tractable general equilibrium model in which heterogeneous producers face collateral constraints, and study the effect of financial frictions on capital misallocation and aggregate productivity. My economy is isomorphic to a Solow model but with time-varying TFP. I argue that the persistence of idiosyncratic productivity shocks determines both the size of steady-state productivity losses and the speed of transitions: if shocks are persistent, steady-state losses are small but transitions are slow. Even if financial frictions are unimportant in the long run, they tend to matter in the short run and analyzing steady states only can be misleading.
Positive Wire-to-Plane Coronas as Influenced by Atmospheric Humidity

A method is suggested for calculating the inception voltage and corona current in humid air. It is found that the photoelectrons distribution within the ionization layer, which depends upon the gap geometry, plays an important role in deciding whether the inception voltage increases or decreases with relative humidity. The inception voltage is one of the boundary conditions required in the theoretical analysis of the corona V-I characteristics also presented. The experimental results reported in the literature which differ widely can be explained in the light of the present findings.
Antigen 85 variation across lineages of Mycobacterium tuberculosis—Implications for vaccine and biomarker success

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis secretes several hundred proteins; many of which elicit immune responses. As a result, many of these proteins have been explored for their potential as diagnostic and vaccine candidates. Of these, the Antigen 85 complex proteins, represented by Antigen85 A, B, and C, are the most studied from the mycobacterial secretome. However, vaccine constructs exploiting Antigen 85 as the sole antigen repertoire have not experienced the pre-clinical and clinical trials success originally anticipated. Anecdotal and biochemical evidence suggests that differences in protein abundance may explain this phenomenon. Here, biochemical, molecular, and mass spectrometry approaches were used to quantify Antigen 85 among six M. tuberculosis strains from four phylogenetically distinct clades. Our data demonstrates that the greatest variation in Antigen 85 is ascribed to protein quantities, whereas few transcriptional differences were found. In addition, the ratio of Antigen 85 A, to B, to C is conserved within clades and phylogenetic neighbors. In contrast, no such relationship between individual protein quantities was observed, and in the case of Antigen85 B, this variation even extends within biological replicates of individual isolates. The relevance of Antigen 85 protein quantities and vaccine efficacy remains to be defined. Biological significance Absolute quantitation via multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry was used to determine the exact molar concentrations of Antigen 85A, B, and C; three key immunodominant proteins present in M. tuberculosis. Further, the concentration of these three proteins was compared among various clades of M. tuberculosis, and demonstrated differences in abundance of two of the three proteins. These proteins have been identified as key antigens in multiple vaccine and diagnostic platforms, thus the potential relevance of their abundance in various M. tuberculosis clades to the successful outcome of these interventions is discussed. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Trends in Microbial Proteomics.
Ehrlichia chaffeensis: a Prototypical Emerging Pathogen

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is an obligately intracellular, tick-transmitted bacterium that is maintained in nature in a cycle involving at least one and perhaps several vertebrate reservoir hosts. The moderate to severe disease caused by E. chaffeensis in humans, first identified in 1986 and reported for more than 1,000 patients through 2000, represents a prototypical “emerging infection.” Knowledge of the biology and natural history of E. chaffeensis, and of the epidemiology, clinical features, and laboratory diagnosis of the zoonotic disease it causes (commonly referred to as human monocytic ehrlichiosis [HME]) has expanded considerably in the period since its discovery. In this review, we summarize briefly the current understanding of the microbiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations associated with this pathogen but focus primarily on discussing various ecological factors responsible for the recent recognition of this important and potentially life-threatening tick-borne disease. Perhaps the most pivotal element in the emergence of HME has been the staggering increases in white-tailed deer populations in the eastern United States during the 20th century. This animal serves as a keystone host for all life stages of the principal tick vector (Amblyomma americanum) and is perhaps the most important vertebrate reservoir host for E. chaffeensis. The contributions of other components, including expansion of susceptible human populations, growth and broadening geographical distributions of other potential reservoir species and A. americanum, and improvements in confirmatory diagnostic methods, are also explored.
Biotypes of the Seed Beetle Callosobruchus maculatus Have Differing Effects on the Germination and Growth of their Legume Hosts

Populations of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) exhibit considerable differences in body size and larval behaviour. We examined whether such variation modifies the relationship between beetle infestation and host plant performance. 2 Larvae from African and Asian biotypes were reared in seeds of four hosts that represented an almost four-fold variation in seed mass. We estimated mass lost to larval consumption, and compared germination rates and seedling growth between infested and control seeds. 3 In seeds bearing a single larva, the larger-bodied, contest-competing larvae of the Asian biotype caused a 38-47% greater reduction in seed mass compared with the smaller-bodied, scramble-competing larvae of the African biotype. The amount of seed mass lost per larva remained similar in seeds with one or two scramble- competing larvae but decreased significantly in seeds bearing two contest-competing Asian larvae. 4 Differences in larval consumption and behaviour produced striking differences in the frequency of germination. Germination of singly-infested mung bean (i.e. the smallest host) was 71% for African-infested seeds versus 11% for Asian-infested seeds. In cowpea (i.e. the largest host), 76% of Asian-infested seeds germinated, whereas the germination rate of African-infested cowpeas (92%) was similar to that of uninfested seeds. 5 Effects of beetle origin persisted after germination. Seedlings derived from Asian- infested seeds had greater cotyledon damage 7 days after germination, and displayed lower height and less biomass 15 days after germination. Cotyledon damage was a good predictor of seedling performance (i.e. better than seed mass consumed) 15 days after germination. 6 Previous studies have suggested that population differences in larval size and burrowing behaviour ('centripetal tendency') reflect adaptation to different-sized seeds. The present study demonstrates that these differences in turn influence the impact of larval feeding on host viability. Strong biotypic variation makes it difficult to generalize about pest impacts at the level of pest species.
A Note on the Normalized Approach to Simulating Moisture Diffusion in a Multimaterial System Under Transient Thermal Conditions Using ansys 14 and 14.5

Moisture can have significant effects on the performance and reliability of electronic components. Accurately simulating moisture diffusion is important for designers and manufacturers to obtain a realistic reliability evaluation. Beginning with version 14, ANSYS is capable of simulating diffusion and related behaviors, such as hygroscopic swelling, with newly developed elements. However, a normalized approach is still required to deal with the discontinuity of concentrations at the material boundaries, and normalization of the moisture concentration in transient thermal conditions is tricky. Case studies have shown that normalizing the moisture concentration with respect to a timeor temperature-dependent material property will lead to erroneous results. This paper readdresses the issues of performing diffusion simulations under transient thermal conditions and more general anisothermal conditions (temporally and spatially), and suggests an easy-to-use approach to cope with the limitations of the current version for users in the electronic packaging industry. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4026661]
Perception of conspecific female pheromone stimulates female calling in an arctiid moth, Utetheisa ornatrix.

Perception of the female sex pheromone in Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) is responsible for induction and adjustment of calling by females and the collective phenomenon termed “female pheromonal chorusing”. We found five olfactory-active compounds in the U. ornatrix female gland. When females were exposed to the entire pheromone or to two of its (synthetically prepared) components, (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-eicosatriene and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene, they were more likely to call during a given night, begin calling earlier, and briefly increase signal frequency with which they extrude their abdomen, an observable indication of calling in this species. Some females even initiated calling during photophase when exposed to the pheromone components. In general, female U. ornatrix are more sensitive to the complete blend of pheromone than to its individual compounds. We also tested the hypotheses: 1) that abdominal extrusion per se increases the rate of pheromone release; and 2) that greater abdominal pumping rhythm increases pheromone release rate. Contrary to our expectations: 1) females did not respond more strongly to a pulsed pheromone stimulus than to the constant release of pheromone at the same average release rate; and 2) we did not find a relationship between the frequency of abdominal pumping and pheromone release rate. Possible explanations for these unexpected findings are discussed.
Lightning on Jupiter observed in the Hα line by the Cassini imaging science subsystem

Night side images of Jupiter taken by the Cassini Imaging Science Subsystem (ISS) camera with the H_α filter reveal four lightning clusters; two of them are repeated observations of the same storm. All of these flashes are associated with storm clouds seen a few hours earlier on the day side of Jupiter. Some of the clouds associated with lightning do not extend to the upper troposphere. The repeated lightning observations taken 20 hr apart show that storm clouds, whose mean lifetime is ∼4 days, are electrically active during a large fraction of their lifetime. The optical power of the lightning detected with the H_α filter compared to the clear-filter power of Galileo lightning may indicate that the H_α line in the lightning spectrum is about ten times weaker than expected, consistent with a flat spectrum having no prominent H_α line. This may suggest that lightning is generated in atmospheric layers deeper than 5 bars. This, in turn, may suggest that the water abundance of the jovian interior is more than 1 × solar. Averaged over many flashes, the most powerful Cassini lightning storm emits 0.8×10^9 W in the H_α line, which implies 4×10^(10) W of broadband optical power. This is 10 times more powerful than the most intense jovian lightning observed before by Voyager 2.
Antioxidant Vitamin Supplementation and Cardiovascular Disease

Key Points Free radical-related processes underlie many of the proinflammatory and vascular cell changes associated with atherogenesis. Although observational studies have been mixed, the most consistent inverse association between antioxidant vitamin intake and reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been reported with vitamin E. Primary and secondary randomized controlled trials, including arterial imaging trials, have predominantly indicated a null effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on CVD events and progression of atherosclerosis. Troublesome data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of antioxidant vitamin supplementation have arisen in certain subgroups. Limited data indicate that low antioxidant levels may be a prerequisite for the cardioprotective effects of antioxidant vitamin supplementation to be expressed. Current data do not support the use of antioxidant vitamin supplementation for the prevention or treatment of CVD. The divergent information derived from observational trials and RCTs warrants further investigation. Consumption of fruits and vegetables high in antioxidant vitamins appears to be an important component of a healthy lifestyle.
Steering laws for distributed motion coordination of kinematic agents in three dimensions

We develop a systematic approach to synthesize distributed control laws for motion coordination in a group of constant-speed kinematic rigid bodies. Parallel and balanced circular formations of mobile agents moving in a three dimensional space are studied, and provably correct steering laws are presented. The resulting steering laws have simple geometric intuitions which are based on the structure of each particular formation.
Social control of neuronal soma size

Factors responsible for sexual maturation differ significantly among vertebrate species. In many, age is most important, whereas in others seasonal or social cues play a central role. Here we report that maturation in the African cichlid fish Haplochromis burtoni is socially controlled, and that this control includes regulation of soma growth in a population of preoptic neurons immunoreactive to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (irGnRH). Males reared in aquaria among fish of the same age mature sexually in about 3 months, whereas males reared in the presence of older, more aggressive conspecifics remain immature even at 5 months of age. Immature males display hypogonadism and have conspicuously undersized preoptic irGnRH neurons in comparison to those of mature siblings of the same age. This variable maturation rate increases the likelihood that individual males will survive to an age when they can successfully reproduce.
Scalable Total Syntheses of N-Linked Tryptamine Dimers by Direct Indole−Aniline Coupling: Psychotrimine and Kapakahines B and F

This report details the invention of a method to enable syntheses of psychotrimine (1) and the kapakahines F and B (2, 3) on a gram scale and in a minimum number of steps. Mechanistic inquiries are presented for the key enabling quaternization of indole at the C3 position by electrophilic attack of an activated aniline species. Excellent chemo-, regio-, and diastereoselectivities are observed for reactions with o-iodoaniline, an indole cation equivalent. Additionally, the scope of this reaction is broad with respect to the tryptamine and aniline components. The anti-cancer profiles of 1−3 have also been evaluated.
STARCH AND SUGARS OF VITIS VINIFERA

This investigation on the carbohydrate values within Vitis vinifera is included in a general study of nutrition. Presumably, a better understanding of the physiology of the grapevine would result in improved viticultura! practices. It would serve as a suitable basis for evaluating the analytical results obtained by studying the carbohydrate nutrition of the vine and also for interpreting data on pathologically affected vines. Certain points were pertinent. Investigators have often suggested that carbohydrates are translocated during the dormant period. If this translocation does take place, its bearing on the time of pruning would be important. Neither Richey and Bowers (19) nor Schrader (22) found such translocation in the Concord grape. It would, indeed, appear unlikely; the callus closure of the sieve plates during the dormant season seems to render the accepted channel of elaborated food transport unavailable. Another important point was the significance of hemicellulose as a reserve foo?l. Data on this have already been published (35). There were no indications that hemicellulose was available as a reserve in the grape even under the severe deficiency conditions resulting from repeated defoliation. A third point was brought forth by findings such as those of Davis (5) with the sugar prune. According to Davis, there is a comparatively large spring increase of starch in the bark and wood of the spurs?an increase not explained by the decrease in sugar content. Richey and Bowers (19) and Schrader (22) also found that the total carbohydrate content of Concord grape stems became markedly greater during the dormant period. Such findings might hypothetically be explained by one or several assumptions: (1) by transformation to or from other materials, such as fat, hemicellulose, or unknown substances; (2) by transport of sugars from another part of the tree; or (3) by sampling and analytical error. Davis in an unpublished analysis of the same material could not account for this increase by the disappearance of hemicellulose. The data of Richey and Bowers (19) and of Schrader (22) presumably include the hemicellulosic fraction in the total carbohydrates. A potential source of such materials might be a fatty reserve; and there remains the possibility of such unevaluated substances as Swarbrick (28) and Sinnott (24) have observed in microchemical studies, or some fraction of the comparatively great amount of nonsugar alcohol-soluble substance observed by Niklewski (16). Schrader (22) has found much of this soluble nonsugar material in Concord grape shoots. According to Smyth (27), $n extremely large quantity of it occurs in young apple wood. The improbability of the translocation hypothesis has already ? This is the second of a series of papers on the carbohydrate metabolism of Vitis vinifera.
The International Balance of Power in Swift's Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions

Jonathan Swift's debut prose work, A Discourse of the Contests and Dissensions between the Nobles and the Commons in Athens and Rome (1701), is almost universally characterized as a treatise on mix...
National Labor Relations Board v. Fansteel Metallurgical Corp.

Encyclopedia article on the history and economic and legal background of the 1939 case finding sit-down strikes to be unprotected conduct under the National Labor Relations act.
Operations management and the resource based view: Another view

This paper evaluates the usefulness of the resource-based view (RBV) to the field of operations management. Based on the seminal RBV articles, we argue that using the RBV does not align with the objectives and activities of operations management researchers in several ways. First, the dependent variable in the RBV is sustained competitive advantage. Using sustained competitive advantage as a dependent variable implies that scholars focus on explaining the differences between the relatively few firms with sustained competitive advantage and all the other firms, ignoring performance variations within the great mass of firms. In addition, competitive advantage exists at the level of the business or the firm and does not directly translate into the normal level of operations management research. Measuring sustained competitive advantage also presents difficulties. Second, the explanatory variables in the RBV are resources that must be rare, valuable and hard or impossible to imitate. Measuring valuable resources or factors firms cannot imitate poses serious problems both in demonstrating value independent of the factor's impact on performance (i.e., avoiding tautology) and in measuring unique or nearly unique entities. Third, under the RBV, prescription is problematic; you cannot prescribe things that firms can readily implement because such things can be imitated. We present the practice-based view (PBV) as a simpler and better alternative for operations management where scholars attempt to explain the entire range of firm and unit performance based on transferable practices.
A Review of the Relationship Between Corruption and Social Justice

The United Nations broadly understands ‘Social Justice’ as “as the fair and compassionate distribution of the fruits of economic growth” (The term ‘distributive justice’ is often used interchangeably). Being an alone standing concept within which interactions between institutions, groups and individuals could be classified as just or unjust, the understanding of what is ‘social justice’ requires qualification by a geographical, sociological, political and cultural framework affecting all areas of political, economic, environmental, social and human development. The present paper reviews the links between corruption and some selected pillars of social justice. Based on a comprehensive literature review, concrete examples show where potential for corruption emerges in each component of social justice and, in turn, how it would impact individuals, societies and economies. The discussion focuses on the entry points for emerging corruption at the level of procedural rules, their administration and resulting income distribution..
A Contribution to the Life History of Chimarrha Albomaculata Kolbe from Puerto Rico (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)

During the months from April to September I was interested in collecting immature stages of Trichoptera in the mountain streams of the southwestern part of Puerto Rico. These streams are tributaries of the Mayaguez, Quanajibo,. Flores, Yauco, and Arecibo Rivers. When the larvae and pupae were reared to the adult stage, the most abundant form proved to be Chimarrha albomaculata Kolbe, which was first described by H. J. Kolbe (1888). He based his description primarily on color. In spite of the abundance of this form there are no records concerning the immature stages of this colorful species.
Powered-lift STOL aircraft shipboard operations - A comparison of simulation, land-based and sea trial results for the QSRA

A moving base carrier landing flight simulation using NASA's Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) was conducted during the design and fabrication of the QSRA. After completing its initial flight testing, the QSRA flew simulated carrier landings on land, followed by actual carrier landings at sea. This paper compares the simulated flight characteristics used in the flight simulation (using an aircraft math model based on wind tunnel data) with the aircraft flight characteristics obtained from flight test data. This paper also compares the results of the QSRA flight simulation carrier landings, the land based simulated carrier landings, and the actual carrier landings.
Express characterization of dengue virus type 2 structural gene E

登革病毒E蛋白是病毒主要毒力蛋白,带有型特异及属特异抗原决定簇,既能诱导宿主产生保护性的中和抗体,又能诱导产生血凝抑制抗体,与登革出血热(DHF)和登革休克综合征(DSS)的致病机制有关[1].有学者已经利用包括大肠埃希菌、毕赤酵母、昆虫细胞等多种表达系统对其表达条件进行了探讨,由于受未知因素的影响,登革病毒E蛋白的原核重组表达一直不理想[2～4].本研究对登革病毒E蛋白不同区域的原核表达进行了较为系统的分析,探讨疏水性区域及稀有密码子登革病毒E蛋白表达的影响,并对部分区域进行了高效原核表达.广东省科技计划项目(20006836008005);全军医药卫生科研基金资助课题(06MA129)
Delayed activation of human microglial cells by high dose ionizing radiation

Recent studies have shown that microglia affects the fate of neural stem cells in response to ionizing radiation, which suggests a role for microglia in radiation-induced degenerative outcomes. We therefore investigated the effects of γ-irradiation on cell survival, proliferation, and activation of microglia and explored associated mechanisms. Specifically, we evaluated cellular and molecular changes associated with exposure of human microglial cells (CHME5) to low and high doses of acute cesium-137 γ rays. Twenty-four hours after irradiation, cell cycle analyses revealed dose-dependent decreases in the fraction of cells in S and G2/M phase, which correlated with significant oxidative stress. By one week after irradiation, 20-30% of the cells exposed to high doses of γ rays underwent apoptosis, which correlated with significant concomitant decrease in metabolic activity as assessed by the MTT assay, and microglial activation as judged by both morphological changes and increased expression of Glut-5 and CR43. These changes were associated with increases in the mRNA levels for IL-1α, IL-10 and TNFα. Together, the results show that human CHME5 microglia are relatively resistant to low and moderate doses of γ rays, but are sensitive to acute high doses, and that CHME5 cells are a useful tool for in vitro study of human microglia.
An Investigation of the Median-Median Method of Linear Regression.

Least squares regression is the most common method of fitting a straight line to a set of bivariate data. Another less known method that is available on Texas Instruments graphing calculators is me...
Microscopic Aspects of Finitely Deforming Inelastic Materials

First a rapid review is provided of some important issues in finite plasticity and of a justifiable basis for adopting the strain-space formulation. This is followed by a brief account of the structure of the constitutive equations in both Lagrangian and Eulerian formulations of the theory, and of some results pertaining to constitutive restrictions derived from a physically plausible work assumption. The remainder of the lecture is devoted to microstructural aspects of finite plasticity. The approach taken is to introduce one or more additional vector-valued kinematical fields—called directors—intended to capture such physical properties as microcrack growth in brittle materials, and slip and related phenomena in ductile materials. These kinematical fields must necessarily be accompanied by appropriate balance laws, as well as constitutive equations. The character of the resulting dynamical field equations will, in general, differ from one class of microstructural phenomena to another.
FAP with Sexual Minorities

The landscape of psychotherapy with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients has evolved so dramatically in recent history it would seem unrecognizable to those who defined the field only five decades ago. The first edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM, American Psychiatric Association, 1952) described “homosexuality” as a sociopathic personality disturbance requiring long-term treatment. Almost three decades later, catalyzed partly by the gay liberation movement as well as research on the prevalence and psychological correlates of same-sex attraction and sexual behavior (Hooker, 1957; Kinsey, Pomeroy, & Martin, 1948; Kinsey, Pomeroy, Martin, & Gebhard, 1953 ), the DSM-III shifted direction, re-categorizing “homosexuality” as a “sexual orientation disturbance” (American Psychiatric Association, 1980). It was not until 1987 that the profession removed all remnants of its earlier characterizations of “the homosexual” as disturbed, pathological, arrested, regressed, or from the DSM (DSM-III-R, American Psychiatric Association, 1987).
The Expansion of Equivalence Classes Through Simple Discrimination Training and Fading

AB, BC, CD, and DE were established by conditional discrimination training. Symmetry, transitivity, and equivalence tests were then passed demonstrating the formation of 5-member equivalence classes. These tests were passed even though they were conducted in the absence of baseline relations. A new stimulus (F) was then linked to a class member (A) by stimulus fading conducted in the context of simple discrimination training. Thereafter, subjects passed FB, FC, FD, FE, BF, CF, DF, and EF tests, demonstrating that F functioned as a new member of the A-E class. The expansion of equivalence classes can also be accomplished by the use of simple discrimination training combined with stimulus fading, in addition to the typical use of conditional discrimination training. Equivalence classes, then, can be defined independently of conditional discrimination procedures.
Pseudotumors of bone and bone lesions mimicking tumours

Abstract We review entities that have historically been thought to be pseudotumors or mimics of bone tumours. We discuss tumifactive amyloid deposits, the brown tumours of hyperparathyroidism, the various types of cysts that can be seen in bone, Nora lesion, subungual exostosis, haemophilic pseudotumors, non-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, osteofibrous dysplasia, Paget disease, tophaceous gout and pseudogout.
Self-inflicted weirdness

I enjoyed reading Robert P Crease's column on "Quantum guidebooks" (June pp19–20), particularly the opening sentence of the last paragraph, in which he suggests that the "weirdness" of quantum mechanics stems "not from the quantum world, but from us".
A new method of metal-ceramic joining for advanced microelectronic packaging

Materials and processes have been developed for brazing pin, lead, window frame, and heat sink metals to alumina and glass ceramic substrates. The substrates are metallized using copper-, silver-, palladium/silver-, or gold-based thick-film pastes that are fired in the 850 degrees C to 950 degrees C temperature range. The metal-ceramic bond strengths obtained were comparable to those accomplished using high-temperature-fired tungsten- or molybdenum-based metallizations. The brazing capabilities developed enable the low-temperature fired/cofired systems to become a complete packaging scheme. The capabilities developed in the present work, coupled with ceramic circuitization using existing high electrical conductivity metallizations (Cu, Au, or Ag based) and low dielectric constant and low TCE (thermal coefficient of expansion) dielectric thick-film pastes and tapes, offer the package designer extended electrical, thermal, performance, and reliability capabilities not previously available. >
Fifty shades of consent

AbstractFifty Shades of Grey—often classified as “mommy porn”—is far from a joke when considering its widespread cultural appeal. The trilogy populated the New York Times bestseller list for months and also influenced the sexual entertainment industry. Given its prominence, scholars have sought to understand audiences’ connection to the series, finding that Fifty Shades fans are using the narrative to navigate the post-feminist realities of hook-up culture. In this paper, I argue that existing research on audience engagement with Fifty Shades could go further since these studies are geared toward an audience largely crafted by marketers (heterosexual women who do not practice BDSM in their relationships). Using ethnographic observations and interviews inside a bondage, discipline, and sadomasochism (BDSM) community, I argue that since Fifty Shades continues to frame BDSM as a stigma, it obscures the important ways that BDSM communities work to create a culture of active consent. This is problematic becaus...
The U.S. Supreme Court and the Law of Trusts and Estates: A Law Reformer's Perspective

This brief essay was commissioned by the ACTEC Law Journal for a symposium issue on The Supreme Court's Estate Planning Jurisprudence. The essay examines the relationship between recent decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court and the law of trusts and estates. The essay does so from the perspective of a law reformer active in the American Law Institute and the Uniform Law Commission. The views expressed in the essay, however, are solely the author's.The essay focuses on one of the most significant projects of trusts and estates law reform in recent decades: the harmonization of the default rules governing probate and nonprobate transfers. What impact has the U.S. Supreme Court had on this important project? The answer is not salutary. Indeed, the essay argues that recent decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court frustrate the decedent's intention and also frustrate the harmonization of the intent-effectuating rules governing probate and nonprobate transfers.
Silicon photonics: Meshing optics with applications

Two concurrent demonstrations of programmable photonic processors based on large meshes of interconnected waveguides on a silicon chip provide new hope for optical information processing.