cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patterns of nitrogen availability within a forested watershed exhibiting symptoms of nitrogen saturation

Watershed 4 (WS 4) at the Fernow experimental forest in West Virginia shows several symptoms of N saturation. Surprisingly, however, past measurements of N2O production suggest that a portion of WS 4 (the south-facing slopes) may still be strongly limited by the lack of available N. To examine this possibility more fully, we measured four indices of N availability in two sections of WS 4-slopes with easterly aspects that are located on one side of the main stream channel and slopes with southerly aspects that are located on the opposite side of the stream. Compared to the portion of WS 4 with more east-facing slopes (78% of the total area), we found that south-facing slopes had lower extractable NO3 ˇ pools (14 versus 554 mg N m ˇ2 ), lower rates of net nitrification (2 versus 35 mg N m ˇ2 day ˇ1 ), a greater response of root growth to N-rich microsites (4.5 versus 1.6 > controls), and lower concentrations of NO3 ˇ in water leaching below the A, B, and C soil horizons (ca. 0.066 versus 2.3 mg N l ˇ1 ). The two sections of WS 4 also differed in the composition of their woody vegetation. Slopes with more easterly aspects had a greater relative importance of Acer saccharum and Prunus serotina. The south-facing slopes were characterized by a greater importance of Nyssa sylvatica and Fagus grandifolia. From these results we hypothesize that aspect-related differences in species composition can strongly influence the susceptibility of a forested stand to the early onset of N saturation. If this hypothesis is proven, then community composition may account for a significant proportion of the variable response of forested watersheds to similar levels of elevated N deposition. It would also imply that management practices which favor certain species might delay or accelerate the onset of N saturation and the potentially negative changes associated with this process. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
The Archaeology of the Dead: Lectures in Archaeothanatology, by Henri Duday, 2009. Translated by Anna Maria Cipriani and John Pearce. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-84217-356-5 paperback £30 & US$60; x+158 pp., 143 figs.

[Review of] The Archaeology of the Dead: Lectures in Archaeothanatology, by Henri Duday, 2009. Translated by Anna Maria Cipriani and John Pearce. : Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-1-84217-356-5 paperback £30 & US$60; x+158 pp., 143 figs.
Optimal Mode Selection and Channel Coding for Video Transmission Over Wireless Channels using H.264/AVC

This paper addresses the problem of joint encoder optimization and channel coding for realtime video transmission over wireless channels. An efficient solution is proposed to optimally select macroblock modes and quantizers as well as channel coding rates. The proposed optimization algorithm fully considers error resilience, forward error correction and error concealment. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Assessment of Cardiac Performance by Digital Angiography

Computer enhanced digital angiography (CEDA) allows the cardiologist to quantitate ejection fraction, coronary anatomy, and regional myocardial perfusion. This chapter describes the method by which digital images of the heart are obtained and processed, and the application of this new technology to evaluation of the cardiovascular system.
Amplitude Demodulation of Entrained Sway to Analyze Human Postural Control

This paper presents an innovative technique to study postural control. Our translating platform, the Sliding Linear Investigative Platform For Analyzing Lower Limb Stability and Simultaneous Tracking, EMG and Pressure mapping (SLIP-FALLS-STEPm), makes precise, vibration movements under controlled conditions. We look at the psychophysical thresholds to the perception of a sinusoidally induced sway. In the Sine Lock experiments described, an induced sinusoidal perturbation locks the subject's natural sway pattern at the frequency of the perturbation. The input / output system is treated as an Amplitude Shift Key (ASK) modulated signal modulating a carrier frequency (at or about a subject's natural sway frequency). The Position signal (input) and the Anterior-Posterior Center of Pressure (APCOP) signal (output) or the ankle angle are demodulated by mixing them with the pure sine wave carrier at the frequency of underlying oscillation and then low-pass filtering it to detect the amplitude envelope. These detected envelopes elucidate that the square pulse increase in the position sine wave amplitude yields a triangular increase in APCOP demodulated signal.
Prejudice and Wages: An Empirical Assessment of Becker’s The Economics of Discrimination

We test the predictions from Becker’s (1957) seminal work on employer prejudice and find that relative black wages (a) vary negatively with the prejudice of the “marginal” white in a state, (b) vary negatively with the prejudice in the lower tail of the prejudice distribution but are unaffected by the prejudice of the most prejudiced persons in a state, and (c) vary negatively with the fraction of a state that is black. Our estimates suggest that one-quarter of the racial wage gap is due to prejudice, with nontrivial consequences for black lifetime earnings.
2 and 4 watt Ka-band GaAs PHEMT power amplifier MMICs

The design and performance of power amplifiers for Ka-band applications is presented. A three-stage amplifier demonstrated 22 dB small signal gain from 26.5 GHz to 31.5 GHz and saturated output power of 4W with 28% power added efficiency from 28 GHz to 31 GHz. Record power density of 670 mW per mm of device output periphery was achieved. The amplifiers were fabricated on a selective double-recess 0.2 /spl mu/m GaAs power pHEMT process.
Synthesis, characterization and photovoltaic properties of poly(thiophenevinylene-alt-benzobisoxazole)s

Herein we report the synthesis of two solution processible, conjugated polymers containing the benzobisoxazole moiety. The polymers were characterized using 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows that the polymers do not exhibit significant weight loss until approximately 300 °C under nitrogen. Cyclic voltammetry shows that the polymers have reversible reduction waves with estimated LUMO levels at −3.02 and −3.10 eV relative to vacuum and optical bandgaps of 2.04–2.17 eV. Devices based on blends of the copolymers and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) exhibited modest power conversion efficiencies. Theoretical models reveal that there is poor electron delocalization along the polymer backbone, leading to poor performance. However, the energy levels of these polymers indicate that the incorporation of benzobisoxazoles into the polymer backbone is a promising strategy for the synthesis of new materials.
Quantitative Carré differential interference contrast microscopy to assess phase and amplitude

We present a method of using an unmodified differential interference contrast microscope to acquire quantitative information on scatter and absorption of thin tissue samples. A simple calibration process is discussed that uses a standard optical wedge. Subsequently, we present a phase-stepping procedure for acquiring phase gradient information exclusive of absorption effects. The procedure results in two-dimensional maps of the local angular (polar and azimuthal) ray deviation. We demonstrate the calibration process, discuss details of the phase-stepping algorithm, and present representative results for a porcine skin sample.
Fitness of alternative modes of reproduction: developmental constraints and the evolutionary maintenance of sex

Parthenogenesis, including facultative parthenogenesis, is common among orthopteroid insects. We investigated the fitness associated with sexual and asexual reproduction within a population of the facultatively parthenogenetic cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea . There is significantly reduced fitness for females reproducing parthenogenetically compared to sexually. Fewer than half of all females can reproduce parthenogenetically. In addition, tenfold fewer offspring are produced by parthenogenesis due to reductions in both the number of offspring produced per clutch and the number of clutches produced. Development and brooding of sexually or parthenogenetically produced first instar nymphs does not differ, although the production of the first parthenogenetic clutch is delayed relative to the first sexually produced clutch. The fitness of parthenogens is also lower than the fitness of sexually produced offspring. Parthenogens are less viable than sexually produced offspring even in the benign conditions of the laboratory. Development to adulthood of parthenogens is slower. Fewer parthenogens survive to adulthood and the adult life span of parthenogens is reduced. Individuals produced by parthenogenetic reproduction are unlikely to reproduce parthenogenetically themselves. Finally, parthenogenetically produced females produce fewer offspring by sexual reproduction than do sexually produced females. Since parthenogenetic reproduction is apomictic in N. cinerea and parthenogens are diploid, we suggest that asexual reproduction is developmentally constrained. Once meiosis has evolved, returning to a mitotic mode of reproduction may be difficult. Nauphoeta cinerea offers a system for testing how asexuality is constrained as modes of reproduction can be compared within a facultative parthenogen.
The Effect of Pension Plan Type on Retirement Age: Distinguishing Plan Incentives from Career Length Preferences

The widespread movement from dened benet (DB) plans to dened contribution (DC) plans over the past few decades has transferred much of the retirement savings risk from the institution to the individual, particularly in the private sector. This study uses the Retirement Condence
Characterization of a Multiseeded (msd1) Mutant of Sorghum for Increasing Grain Yield

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) has branched panicles with primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. These in�耀orescence branches are composed of a terminal triplet spikelet, con- sisting of one sessile (directly attached to the branch) and two pedicellate (spikelets attached to the branch through a short pedicel), followed by one or more spikelet pairs (one sessile and one pedicellate). In BTx623, and most sorghum lines, only the sessile spikelets can develop into seeds and the pedicellate spikelets, occasion- ally developing anthers, eventually abort. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a stable multiseeded (msd1) mutant of sorghum (in BTx623 background, referred to as wild-type (WT)) in which both sessile and pedicellate spike- lets are fertile. In addition, this mutant displayed increased length and total number of primary and secondary in�耀orescence branches. Genetic analysis showed that this multiseeded mutation is a recessive trait. Pedicellate spikelets in msd1 mutants exhibited complete �耀ower with func - tional ovary and anthers, of which 75 to 95% can develop into viable seeds. The individual msd1 seeds are smaller than WT; however, the results indicated that this reduction in seed weight can be compensated by the increase in seed num- ber. The total seed weight per panicle in msd1 mutants was increased by 30 to 40% as com- pared to the WT. Further experiments are needed to demonstrate whether the msd1 mutation can increase grain yield under �耀eld conditions. Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit, Cropping Systems Research Lab., USDA-ARS, 3810 4th St., Lubbock, TX 79415. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing speci�耀c information and does not imply recommen - dation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Received 26 Aug. 2013. *Corresponding author (zhanguo.xin@ars.usda.gov). Abbreviation: WT, wild-type.
Spectroscopy and Photodissociation Dynamics of Highly Vibrationally Excited Molecules

Vibrationally mediated photodissociation is a technique for studying the spectroscopy and photodissociation dynamics of highly vibrationally excited molecules. One photon prepares a highly vibrationally excited molecule by excitation of a vibrational overtone transition, and a second photon of the same or different wavelength fragments the molecule by excitation to a dissociative electronic state. A third photon from a probe laser interrogates individual quantum states of the fragment by laser induced fluorescence. Applying this technique to hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid provides vibrational overtone excitation spectra in the regions of the 4υOH and 5υOH transitions in HOOH and in the region of the 4υOH transition in HONO2. The photodissociation dynamics arc modified by the participation of the highly vibrationally excited intermediate state. In both HOOH and HONO2, the OH fragment is created with more vibrational energy than in the one-photon ultraviolet photolysis. In the dissociation of HONO2, a large fraction of the available energy appears in internal excitation of the NO2 fragment, possibly including electronic excitation.
High‐Pressure Transformation Toughening: A Case Study on Zirconia

Transformation-toughened zirconia compacts have been produced using a pressure-induced phase of zirconia as the toughening agent. The high-pressure phase is retained metastably after compaction at 8.6 GPa and sintering at temperatures as low as 250°C. High-pressure processing offers potential for new transformation-toughening phases in other ceramic materials.
Estrogen fluctuations, oral contraceptives and borderline personality.

Results from three studies suggest fluctuation in estrogen level may influence the expression of borderline personality disorder (BPD) symptoms. In the first study, 226 women were administered the Personality Assessment Inventory, borderline scales (PAI-BOR; L.C. Morey, The Personality Assessment Inventory, Professional Manual, 1991) and a questionnaire that assessed time in menstrual cycle and use of oral contraceptives, that is synthetic estrogens. BPD symptoms were most common in women using oral contraceptives and during times in the menstrual cycle when estrogen level is rising. In Study 2, 52 women were measured four times across one menstrual cycle and provided salivary samples at each test session. The samples were assayed and estrogen levels were obtained. The principle finding was that variation in estrogen levels predicted the presence of BPD symptoms (r=0.4, p<0.01). This relationship remained significant when a general increase in negative affect was statistically controlled. Study 3 employed a pre-post Oral Contraceptive (OC) design with a control group. It was found that for women with high pre-existing levels of BPD, symptoms became significantly worse after starting pill use (F (3,42)=4.7; p<0.01). Research findings that link the serotonin system and estrogen are reviewed and theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Reconstruction of B-spline surfaces from scattered data points

We present a new approach for reconstructing a smooth surface from a set of scattered points in 3D space. Our algorithm first decomposes a given point set into a quadtree-like data structure known as a strip tree. The strip tree is used to fit a set of least squares quadratic surfaces to the data points. These quadratic surfaces are then degree-elevated to bi-cubic surfaces and blended together to form a set of B-spline surfaces that approximates the given point set.
A single identified interneuron gates tail-shock induced inhibition in the siphon withdrawal reflex of Aplysia

The marine mollusc Aplysia has proven very useful for a mechanistic analysis of behavioral modification. Among the stimuli used to modify the behavior of Aplysia, a noxious stimulus, tail shock, is one of the most effective. In addition to the extensively analyzed facilitatory effects of tail shock, recent work has demonstrated that it also produces marked transient inhibition in reflex responses. Here we report that functional removal (by hyperpolarization or voltage clamp) of a single inhibitory interneuron, L16, can eliminate most, if not all, of the inhibition in the siphon withdrawal reflex circuit produced by tail shock. In addition, this interneuron is strongly activated by tail shock. Finally, direct intracellular activation of L16 does not, in itself, reliably produce inhibition, suggesting that L16 plays a gating role which is necessary for the expression of inhibition in the siphon withdrawal circuit. These results support the idea that behaviorally relevant neural modulation can be gated by a small number of neurons, in this case, by a single identified cell. Moreover, they indicate that in Aplysia, as in many other systems, the modulatory effects of a noxious stimulus are often funneled through a restricted neural locus before being distributed to the circuits actually responsible for generating the behavioral output.
Subsymbolic Case-Role Analysis of Sentences with Embedded Clauses

A distributed neural network model called SPEC for processing sentences with recursive relative clauses is described. The model is based on separating the tasks of segmenting the input word sequence into clauses, forming the case-role representations, and keeping track of the recursive embeddings into different modules. The system needs to be trained only with the basic sentence constructs, and it generalizes not only to new instances of familiar relative clause structures, but to novel structures as well. SPEC exhibits plausible memory degradation as the depth of the center embedding increases, its memory is primed by earlier constituents, and its performance is aided by semantic constraints between the constituents. The ability to process structure is largely due to a central executive network that monitors and control the execution of the entire system. This way, in contrast to earlier subsymbolic systems, parsing is modeled as a controlled high- level process rather than one based on automatic reflex responses.
Allergic Transfusion Reactions

Abstract Context.—Allergic reaction to transfusion is common. However, the review of a large series of allergic transfusion reactions has not been performed. Objective.—To review a large series of allergic transfusion reactions. Design.—A retrospective review of all reported and evaluated transfusion reactions during a 9-year period at 1 institution was performed. Associated clinical signs and symptoms were evaluated. Setting.—Large, tertiary-care teaching hospital. Results.—A total of 1613 adverse reactions to transfusion were evaluated. Allergic transfusion reactions accounted for 17% (273 of 1613) of the transfusion reactions. Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis, anaphylactoid signs and symptoms, and/or hypotension) were observed in 21 patients (7.7% of allergic reactions, or 1.3% of all transfusion reactions). Serum tryptase, a marker for anaphylaxis, was measured in 1 patient and determined to be borderline elevated. Five patients experienced allergic transfusion reactions to autologous red cell t...
Estimating Soil Wetness from the GOES Sounder

Abstract In this note, the relationship between the observed daytime rise in surface radiative temperature, derived from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) sounder clear-sky data, and modeled soil moisture is explored over the continental United States. The motivation is to provide an infrared (IR) satellite–based index for soil moisture, which has a higher resolution than possible with the microwave satellite data. The daytime temperature rise is negatively correlated with soil moisture in most areas. Anomalies in soil moisture and daytime temperature rise are also negatively correlated on monthly time scales. However, a number of exceptions to this correlation exist, particularly in the western states. In addition to soil moisture, the capacity of vegetation to generate evapotranspiration influences the amount of daytime temperature rise as sensed by the satellite. In general, regions of fair to poor vegetation health correspond to the relatively high temperature rise from the...
Ethics in Sport: Socio-Political Point of View

Sport is a natural medium for bringing together people of different backgrounds throughout the world. If grounded in ethics and if participants follow the rules and cooperate, sport can be a conduit for world harmony (Sport great for human bonding, 2010).As international relationships are developed through sport, those relationships can help support larger global endeavors in pursuit of a better world. If international sport based relationships are grounded in Mill’s utilitarianism that calls for actions resulting in the most long-term happiness for the most amount of people (Mill, 1863/1969) those relationships are well positioned to transition to the domain of governmental politics, where meaningful attempts to resolve large world issues can be addressed, under the same utilitarian premise. In pursuit of a better world, identifying common groundamong the many differences held by people throughout the world is a magnanimous challenge. Beauchamp’s (1982) practical suggestion that common sense, habits, and past experience are most helpful when attempting to select actions that will determine long-term happiness. Moving beyond sport and transferring the application of Beauchamp’s practical utilitarian approach to larger global conflicts, can help guide governments as they engage in the necessary politics, to move toward improving global problems in the interest of world harmony.
1. Design and Synthesis of Carbohydrate Cancer Vaccines Based on Biochemical Modification of Cancer Cells 2. Studies on the Total Synthesis of an Antitumor Saponin, OSW-1

1. Immunological tolerance to tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) is the central problem for cancer vaccine design. In order to circumvent this problem, research described in this thesis has exploited a new strategy for selective immunotargeting of cancer based on glycoengineering of cancer cells, using melanoma as a model. The basic concept is to inoculate the immune system of cancer patients with a synthetic vaccine consisting of a structurally modified sialooligosaccharide cancer antigen, and after an immune response specific to the artificial antigen is established, tumors are engineered to force their expression of the modified antigen. The activated immune system will thereby eliminate the antigen-tagged tumors. The main aims of this research are to identify the precursors that can be used to engineer tumor antigens and the proper antigens that can induce efficient immune responses. For this purpose, several N-acyl derivatives of D-mannosamine were synthesized and their ability to modify cell surface sialic acid and sialo-TACAs, such as GM3, was investigated through their enzymatic reactions with NeuNAc aldolase and metabolic engineering of tumor cells. In addition, several N-modified GM3 antigens and their protein conjugates were prepared and their immunological properties were studied by ELISA. It was revealed that N-phenylacetyl-D-mannosamine (ManNPAc) is an excellent precursor for metabolic modification of tumor cells, and chemically modified GM3 antigens are much more immunogenic than natural GM3. N-Phenylacetyl GM3 (GM3NPAc) is the most immunogenic, and its antisera is the least cross reactive with the natural GM3. The results also showed that the bioengineered cancer cells treated with ManNPAc can be selectively and efficiently targeted by anti-GM3NPAc sera from mice immunized with the corresponding glycoconjugate vaccine. In view of these results, it is anticipated that the new strategy holds great promise as an effective immunotherapy of cancer with GM3 as the primary target. In the future, this project will study the immunodiagnosis, as well as passive and active immunotherapy for melanoma and other cancers based on this strategy. 2. The highly potent anticancer steroidal saponin OSW-1 was synthesized from commercially available diosgenin, L-arabinose and D-xylose in a total of 37 steps with the longest linear sequence of 17 steps and in 7.6% overall yield. Alternative synthetic routes to OSW-1 aglycone were also studied.
Location Coding by Auditory Cortical Neurons

The auditory cortex is essential for normal sound localization behavior. In humans, unilateral temporal lobe lesions result in deficits in the ability to point to a sound source presented on the side contralateral to the lesion (Greene, 1929; Wortis and Pfeiffer, 1948; Sanchez-Longo and Forster, 1958; Klingon and Bontecou, 1966). In cats, experimental ablation of the auditory cortex results in an inability of the cat to walk to the source of a contralateral sound (Jenkins and Masterton, 1982; Jenkins and Merzenich, 1984).
Natural and Technical Hazards: Similarities and Differences

This paper focuses on two classes of problems associated with low probability events: those caused by natural forces (e.g., floods, earthquakes, and hurricanes) and those caused by new technologies (e.g., nuclear power accidents, liquefied natural gas explosions).
Distal Radioulnar Arthrodesis

Distal radioulnar arthrodesis with ostectomy of the distal ulna is an excellent method of stabilizing the distal radioulnar joint and the ulnar side of the carpus. It is also useful in distal ulnar bone loss with the ulnar head intact ((Fig. 43-1 A) (Fig. 43-1 B) (Fig. 43-1 C) (Fig. 43-1 D) Fig. 43-1 E-J) or distal radioulnar instability (Figs. 43-2 A-H). Rotation then occurs through the distal ulnar defect. The interosseous membrane must remain intact to prevent dorsal dislocation of the distal portion of the proximal ulnar fragment, which could cause skin pressure, irritation, and even rupture of the extensor carpi ulnaris. When performing this procedure, the proximal and distal bone ends at the site of the distal ulnar ostectomy are waxed, and periosteum is secured over the bone ends. A portion of the pronator quadratus is brought into the defect. These maneuvers help stabilize the distal end of the proximal ulna and also prevent reestablishment of osseous continuity at the distal ulnar ostectomy site.
Feature Extraction from Images of Thermal Treatment Systems

Recent advances toward the development of a multiwavelength CCD camera system as an on-line monitor for thermal treatment sources are reported. The information extracted from digital images of a premixed acetylene/air flame is used to determine the seed atom density and two-dimensional density distribution. Preliminary results of a study of the correlation between extracted image features and plasma torch operating parameters are also presented. The imaging feature extraction technique can be used to monitor/optim ize thermal treatment processing of the mixed hazardous wastes and other industrial processes.
Achievement Scripts Media Influences on Black Students’ Academic Performance, Self-Perceptions, and Career Interests

There is an achievement gap in the United States, with African American students underperforming relative to their White and Asian American peers. At the same time, media portrayals of African Amer...
Distraction Becomes Engagement in Automated Driving

As vehicle automation proliferates, the current emphasis on preventing driver distraction needs to transition to maintaining driver availability. During automated driving, vehicle operators are lik...
Methods of epigenetic analysis

Epigenetics encompasses heritable changes in DNA or its associated proteins except mutations in gene sequence. Many investigators in the field of epigenetics focus on histone modifications and DNA methylation, two molecular mechanisms that are often linked and interdependent. A variety of methods are applied to the study of epigenetic processes, and the past decade has witnessed an exponential increase in novel approaches to elucidate the molecular mysteries of epigenetic inheritance. This chapter summarizes some of the most contemporary methods used to study epigenetics presented throughout the book.
Penetration of human spermatozoa into the human zona pellucida and the zona-free hamster egg: a study of fertile donors and infertile patients.

An in vitro assay of human sperm function was devised to evaluate two initial stages of sperm-ovum interaction: penetration through the zona pellucida and sperm entry into the ooplasm. The former stage was assessed with immature human oocytes and the latter with mature zona-free hamster eggs. The two gamete populations were incubated together in the same suspension of capacitated spermatozoa. Spermatozoa from five of six fertile donors were able to penetrate through the human zona pellucida into the perivitelline space, and to enter the zona-free hamster egg. Spermatozoa from one fertile donor consistently penetrated the zona pellucida, but fertilized only 1 of 44 hamster eggs. Several types of sperm dysfunction during gamete interaction were observed in a group of 21 patients with suspected infertility: (1) failure to bind to the zona pellucida, (2) zona binding with failure to penetrate, (3) incomplete zona penetration, and (4) zona penetration with poor sperm entry into the ooplasm. Eleven of the twelve cases of apparent fertilization dysfunction would have been detected by the human oocyte assay alone, and eight of the twelve would have been diagnosed by incubation with only the zona-free hamster eggs. The success of gamete interaction in vitro could not be correlated with any of the classic parameters of semen quality. Some men with "normal" semen and unexplained infertility had apparent dysfunction of gamete interaction, while others gave positive results. These experiments indicate that, at the present time, in vitro tests of gamete interaction should be reserved for selected cases of unexplained infertility. In the future they may prove useful in identifying couples with male infertility as candidates for in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.
Primary extratesticular seminoma in non-twin brothers.

Abstract Herein is reported the cases of non-twin brothers, 1 with primary mediastinal seminoma and the other with primary retroperitoneal seminoma. Both tumor types were histologically documented.
Reflexivity Theory in Marketing

The dominant theoretical paradigm in marketing--logical positivism--assumes the task of scholarly inquiry to encompass four broad sets of activities: i) observation; ii) theory building; iii) hypothesis formulation; and iv) hypothesis testing. The goal of logical positivism is to develop models and theories which adequately explain the “objective situation”. Insight is achieved, knowledge created, theories refined, and the field is advanced as succeeding generations of theory-based hypotheses are accepted and/or rejected. A key assumption of the perspective is that interactions between phenomena observed (strategy, performance, market share, etc.) and observer (the marketing scholar) are not relevant to the inquiry. Indeed, the ideal has the observer detached, objective, and unobtrusive. For a variety of reasons, this ideal may not always hold up.
Fungal Infections of the Hair

Tinea capitis or scalp ringworm is an infection of the scalp hair caused by dermatophyte fungi. Only certain species appear to have the physiological capacity to invade hair shafts, and one, Trichophyton schoenleinii, invades to cause the disease known as favus but does not survive for long within the hair shaft keratin. Conversely, dermatophytes causing tinea capitis can also invade the skin of other sites, mainly the body or the face [1, 2]. Other dermatophyte infections are discussed in Chapter.
IP Trust Validation Using Proof-Carrying Hardware

The wide usage of hardware Intellectual Property (IP) cores from untrusted third-party vendors has raised security vulnerabilities at design stages of the IC design flow. Possibility of hardware Trojans and/or design backdoors in the IP cores has increased security concerns. As existing functional testing methods fall short in detecting these unspecified (often malicious) logic, formal methods provide powerful solutions in detecting malicious behaviors in hardware. Toward this direction, we will discuss theorem proving and model checking for hardware trust evaluation. Specifically, proof-carrying hardware (PCH) and its applications are introduced in detail. While PCH methods suffer from scalability issues and cannot be easily used for large-scale applications such as System-on-Chip (SoC) design, we will also discuss variants of PCH such as the Hierarchy Preserving Formal Verification framework, for alleviating the scalability challenge.
Alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant-mediated extractions:: characterization of surfactant-rich and aqueous layers, and extraction performance

Abstract Most surfactants employed for extraction purposes contain strongly absorbing chromophores, and therefore cannot be used with the ultraviolet–visible HPLC detector because of the high background created. Alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants, which do not have strongly absorbing chromophores, have shown promise as an extractant compatible with HPLC–ultraviolet–visible detection. In our extraction procedure, alkyltrimethylammonium surfactants are added to a sample containing organic analytes in distilled water. Sodium chloride is next added, then the entire sample is shaken. Before centrifugation, 1-octanol is added to aid in the two phase formation of surfactant-rich and aqueous phases. In this paper, we present the results of our studies on the extraction behavior of an alkyltrimethylammonium surfactant technique using various organic compounds as test probes. Specifically studied are the extraction behavior of organic bases, isomers of varying polarity and a zwitterionic species that has different charges at various pH values. Results from multiple extractions to obtain quantitative recovery of analytes is also presented. The composition of each phase is elucidated through the interpretation of data obtained from thermogravimetric and carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN) instrumentation.
ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF IPPD EFFECTIVENESS

Team is the primary mechanism through which product development projects are executed. Despite regular theoretical discussions on the importance of cross-functional team and concurrent engineering to improve new product development projects, empirical studies on consequence of integrated product and process development (IPPD) effectiveness on teamwork is largely missing in existing product development literature. IPDD projects execute concurrent activities that go through several iterations before the deliverable of each stage are finalised. Based on information processing theory and goal-setting theory for team, this study hypothesise shared project mission, clarity of the project target, and customer and supplier involvement positively influences effectiveness of IPPD project. We further hypothesise that such effective IPPD leads to teamwork which can have a positive impact on project performance in terms of product development cost, product development time, and customer satisfaction. Primary data collected from 191 IPPD projects from U.S. automotive industry were analysed using structural equation modelling technique. All the hypotheses representing antecedents of effective IPPD and the consequence of effective IPPD were found to be supported in the current study.
Effects of Early Dual-Eligible Special Needs Plans on Health Expenditure.

Objective To examine the effects of the penetration of dual-eligible special needs plans (D-SNPs) on health care spending. Data Sources/Study Setting Secondary state-level panel data from Medicare-Medicaid Linked Enrollee Analytic Data Source (MMLEADS) public use file and Special Needs Plan Comprehensive Reports, Area Health Resource Files, and Medicaid Managed Care Enrollment Report between 2007 and 2011. Study Design A difference-in-difference strategy that adjusts for dual-eligibles’ demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, state health resources, beneficiaries’ health risk factors, Medicare/Medicaid enrollment, and state- and year-fixed effects. Data Collection/Extraction Methods Data from MMLEADS were summarized from Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS)'s Chronic Conditions Data Warehouse, which contains 100 percent of Medicare enrollment data, claims for beneficiaries who are enrolled in the fee-for-service (FFS) program, and Medicaid Analytic Extract files. The MMLEADS public use file also includes payment information for managed care. Data in Special Needs Plan Comprehensive Reports were from CMS's Health Plan Management System. Principal Findings Results indicate that D-SNPs penetration was associated with reduced Medicare spending per dual-eligible beneficiary. Specifically, a 1 percent increase in D-SNPs penetration was associated with 0.2 percent reduction in Medicare spending per beneficiary. We found no association between D-SNPs penetration and Medicaid or total spending. Conclusion Involving Medicaid services in D-SNPs may be crucial to improve coordination between Medicare and Medicaid programs and control Medicaid spending among dual-eligible beneficiaries. Starting from 2013, D-SNPs were mandated to have contracts with state Medicaid agencies. This change may introduce new effects of D-SNPs on health care spending. More research is needed to examine the impact of D-SNPs on dual-eligible spending.
Influence of selected parameters on compressive strength of geopolymer produced from ground glass fiber

Abstract In this study, ground glass fiber (GGF), manufactured by milling waste glass fiber, was used to produce geopolymer mixtures. The effect of using different alkali content and different combinations of alkali activator solutions on the compressive strength and micro-structure of GGF-based geopolymer mixtures were investigated and compared with fly ash-based geopolymer mixtures. Furthermore, the effect of temperature (from ambient to 110 °C) and duration of heat-curing on the compressive strength and micro-structure of GGF-based geopolymers was studied. Results of this study showed that for all the levels of alkali content, GGF-based geopolymers showed a higher compressive strength in comparison to the fly ash-based specimens; prepared with a same solution and heat-curing method. It was also seen that the strength gain in GGF-based geopolymers does not depend on the presence of sodium silicate in the activator solution; and high compressive strength (as high as 80 MPa) can be achieved by using sodium hydroxide solution alone. The temperature of heat curing was also seen to affect the early-age (i.e. 3–7 days) strength of the GGF-based samples, but had no significant effect on the later-age (i.e. 28–56 days) strength. Finally, it was concluded that GGF has a good potential to be used as a precursor to produce high strength geopolymers even at the low curing temperatures as the ambient temperature (23 °C).
An Overview of QTL Identification and Marker-Assisted Selection for Grain Protein Content in Wheat

Grain protein content (GPC) is one of the most important traits in both the hexaploid and durum wheat. It plays an important role in end-use quality and thus determines the economic value of the crop. Improvement in GPC is a major objective in wheat breeding programs around the world. Therefore, in the past two decades, numerous studies on genetic dissection of this trait have been conducted in wheat. These studies have identified numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) and markers associated with GPC in wheat. The available information about the marker trait associations for GPC offer great opportunities for marker-assisted breeding for this complex quantitative trait. In this article, we summarize the information available about the molecular genetic dissection of GPC and the progresses and prospects of application of marker-assisted breeding for improvement of this trait in wheat. We also reviewed the genetic relationship between GPC and grain yield. Strategies were also suggested to improve GPC in wheat based on available genetic and genomic resources.
Pilot trial of K562/GM-CSF whole-cell vaccination in MDS patients.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic stem cell malignancies. Currently, approved drugs are given with non-curative intent as the only known cure is allo...
On the Epistemology of Game-Theoretical Semantics

Game-theoretical semantics (GTS) is one of the most important approaches to logical and semantical theory. (For a survey, see Hintikka and Sandu (1997).) It has prompted several new developments in different directions. Among other things, it has helped to bring out the prima facie surprising fact that the received first-order logic (quantification theory) is not a satisfactory theory of that basic part of logic that is supposed to be a theory of, that is, a satisfactory theory of quantifiers and propositional connectives. The main reason for this inadequacy is that in the received first-order logic we cannot express all the possible patterns of dependence and independence among quantifiers and therefore not all possible patterns of dependence and independence among variables. This defect can be corrected by introducing an independence indicator / (slash) which helps to exempt a quantifier, say (Q2 y) from its dependence on another quantifier, say (Q 1 x), in whose syntactical scope it occurs, viz., by writing it (Q2 y/Q1 x). The result is a stronger logic, independence friendly (IF) first-order logic. (For it, see e.g., Hintikka (1996) and (2002a).) It is the true basic logic, not the received first-order logic.
Photosynthesis in Aquatic Bryophytes

Aquatic bryophytes occupy streams, lakes, and wetlands where they face limited CO2 in solution, limited CO2 diffusion, high boundary layer resistance, and loss of light with depth, especially red light. Limitations to photosynthesis in the water are therefore somewhat different from those on land. Of primary importance is the availability of CO2 and hence, pH is important in determining the availability of this gas. There is also limited evidence that some mosses might be able to convert bicarbonates to CO2 at the moss surface or within the cell to increase access to carbon. The often one-cell-thick leaves permit light and CO2 to reach photosynthetic cells directly, but boundary-layer resistance can reduce CO2 uptake. Other nutrients can be somewhat limiting, especially phosphorus and nitrogen. Sedimentation, and overgrowth by diatoms, other algae, and detrital complex, can block light, and water decreases the light with depth. This is further complicated by the rapid attenuation of red light. The aquatic environment protects chlorophyll from UV radiation, and in areas with high light intensity, at least some bryophytes produce enhanced pigmentation to serve as a filter. In dry seasons, lack of water can limit or halt photosynthesis. Temperature also can be a problem at this time, with exposed but still hydrated mosses in some cases reaching temperatures unknown in submersed conditions, and causing elevated respiration that can exceed photosynthetic fixation. High temperatures may greatly limit the presence of many cosmopolitan species of aquatic bryophytes in tropical regions. Contrarily, many aquatic mosses have temperature optima in the 0–20 °C range, with optima depending on their usual habitats.
The case for Borojoa patinoi (rubiaceae) in the chocó region, Colombia

The Case for Borojoa patinoi in the Choco Region, Colombia. Economic Botany 51(1): 39-48. 1997. The economic botany of the tree speciesBorojoa patinoi is presented after consulting all available literature and visiting the region.Borojoa patinoi is a noteworthy species in that it is endemic to the biogeographic Choco region, its fruits have high market value, and it is an understory tree, which means it can be cultivated without clearing the overstory trees. This paper reviews the literature on the taxonomy and phytogeography of the genus, as well as the production ecology of the species. Two net present value models are presented to analyze the species economically. From the models, we conclude that in many areas in the Choco, plantingB. patinoi trees is likely to be economically more competitive than planting commercial timber species. Furthermore, monocultures ofB. patinoi may not be the economically optimal production system. BesidesB. patinoi, some other Choco species with edible fruits are suggested for further research.
Effects of Si and Fe micro-additions on the aging response of a dilute Al-0.08Zr-0.08Hf-0.045Er at.% alloy

Abstract The precipitation behavior of an Al-0.08Zr-0.08Hf-0.045Er at.% alloy with micro-additions of Si and/or Fe was investigated using microhardness and electrical conductivity measurements in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy and atom-probe tomography. Hardening is achieved through the formation of a high number density (~1023 m−3) of coarsening-resistant, nanoscale L12 trialuminide precipitates containing Zr, Hf, Er, and Si. Simultaneous additions of 300 at. ppm Si and 400 at. ppm Fe produce an alloy with the fastest precipitation kinetics and highest microhardness after homogenization at 640 °C for 24 h followed by 90 days aging at 350 °C, due to: (i) scavenging of Er by Fe in the form of primary precipitates, thus reducing Er-stimulated precipitation of coarse Zr- and Hf-rich precipitates during homogenization; and (ii) the accelerating effects of Si on the precipitation kinetics of the nanometric L12 trialuminide. Removal of the homogenization step results in accelerated precipitation kinetics during aging due to an increased supersaturation of L12-forming elements, Zr, Hf, and Er. During isothermal aging of a non-homogenized Al-0.08Zr-0.08Hf-0.045Er-0.03Si-0.04Fe (at.%) alloy at 400 °C, a peak microhardness of 500 MPa is maintained for up to 90 days. Atom-probe tomography displays a high number density of nanometric L12 precipitates with an Er-rich core and homogeneously distributed Zr and Hf, with Hf concentrations ~1.5 times higher at the matrix/nanoprecipitate heterophase interface than in the core (~5 vs. ~3.5 at.%). The presence of Hf in the nanoprecipitates does not, however, affect their precipitation kinetics or coarsening resistance.
Abstract A219: Using poxvirus to improve immunotherapy for brain glioma

Oncolytic viral immunotherapy is a novel approach to cancer treatment. Viruses can directly kill cancer cells, provide antigens to dendritic cells to stimulate a T-cell response, and make cancer cells express genes of immune-enhancing cytokines locally within the tumor microenvironment. We used two types of poxvirus, myxoma virus and vvDD vaccinia virus (double deletion of vaccinia growth factor and thymidine kinase), to deliver IL-15/IL-15Rα gene (a cytokine that boosts the immune system) into brain gliomas. We found that the numbers of NK cells and CD8+ T-cells in the tumor area greatly increased and viable cancer cells substantially decreased after the injection of vvDD-IL15/IL15Rα virus. Vaccination of GARC-1 (a neoantigen for mouse glioma) with CpG and Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant twice before tumor implantation together with vvDD-IL15/IL15Rα virus, rapamycin and celecoxib treatment after tumor implantation eliminated the gliomas. In order to mimic the clinical situation of treatment beginning after establishment of the tumor, GARC-1 specific CD8+ T-cells were adoptively transferred into tumor-bearing mice; when combined with oncolytic poxvirus (either Myx-IL15/IL15Rα or vvDD-IL15/IL15Rα), rapamycin, and celecoxib, this treatment can also cure gliomas. We already confirmed that IL15/IL15Rα, adoptive transfer of GARC-1 specific T-cells and celecoxib are essential components in this combination treatment. Current studies are evaluating the mechanism and contributions of different components of the treatment. Citation Format: Bingtao Tang, Claire Schane, Joanna Shisler, Edward Roy. Using poxvirus to improve immunotherapy for brain glioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Fourth CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; Sept 30-Oct 3, 2018; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2019;7(2 Suppl):Abstract nr A219.