cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhancing NMR Prediction for Organic Compounds Using Molecular Dynamics.

NMR spectroscopy is a crucial tool in organic chemistry for the routine characterization of small molecules, structural elucidation of natural products, and study of reaction mechanisms. Although there is evidence that thermal motions strongly affect observed resonances, conventional predictions are performed only on stationary structures. Here we show that quasiclassical molecular dynamics provides a highly accurate and broadly applicable method for improving shielding predictions. Gas-phase values of the absolute shieldings of protons and carbons are predicted to nearly within experimental uncertainty, while the chemical shifts of large systems such as natural products are closely reproduced. Importantly, these results are obtained without the use of any empirical corrections. Our analysis suggests that the linear scaling factors currently employed are primarily a correction for vibrational effects. As a result, our method extends the reach of prediction methods to the study of molecules with unusual dy...
Analysis of Advance Directive Documentation to Support Palliative Care Activities in Nursing Homes

As part of an intervention to improve health care in nursing homes with the goal of reducing potentially avoidable hospital admissions, 1,877 resident records were reviewed for advance directive (AD) documentation. At the initial phases of the intervention, 50 percent of the records contained an AD. Of the ADs in the resident records, 55 percent designated a durable power of attorney for health care, most often a child (62 percent), other relative (14 percent), or spouse (13 percent). Financial power of attorney documents were sometimes found within the AD, even though these documents focused on financial decision making rather than health care decision making. Code status was the most prevalent health preference documented in the record at 97 percent of the records reviewed. The intervention used these initial findings and the philosophical framework of respect for autonomy to develop education programs and services on advance care planning. The role of the social worker within an interdisciplinary team is discussed.
Using Videography to Study the Effects of Stimulants on Daphnia magna

Daphnia have been used to demonstrate the physiological effects of stimulants such as caffeine and energy drinks in activities designed for secondary school and college labs. We describe how these activities were enhanced by coupling a microscope to a video recording device and digital data recording system to facilitate more accurate quantification of the rate of heartbeats in daphnia. Also, the technology facilitates measurements of the changes in the size of the heart due to the effect of stimulants. We describe the setup for the video recorder, data acquisition system, and microscope, the results obtained, and how these activities could be replicated in a secondary school laboratory setting to increase student engagement and be used as a primer to enhance learning and understanding of biological systems by students. This work aligns with the Next Generation Science Standards, in that students “use a variety of equipment and software to enter, process, display, and communicate information in different forms using text, tables, and pictures.”
Frequency Based Multivariable Feedback Controller Design

Abstract Presented in this paper is a multivariable feedback controller design methodology for regulating systems required to satisfy hard time domain tolerances despite a vector of external step disturbances. In addition to satisfying time domain tolerances, this design methodology seeks to minimize the bandwidth of each feedback controller so that the cost of feedback is minimized. The two key contributions of this work are (i) the rigorous justification of enforcing time domain tolerances via frequeucy domain amplitude inequalities, and (ii) the design of a fully populated, multivariable controller via sequential loop closure. This multivariable controller design methodology will be demonstrated on the control of an distillation column.
Methane Ebullition in Temperate Hydropower Reservoirs and Implications for US Policy on Greenhouse Gas Emissions

The United States is home to 2198 dams actively used for hydropower production. With the December 2015 consensus adoption of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Paris Agreement, it is important to accurately quantify anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Methane ebullition, or methane bubbles originating from river or lake sediments, has been shown to account for nearly all methane emissions from tropical hydropower reservoirs to the atmosphere. However, distinct ebullitive methane fluxes have been studied in comparatively few temperate hydropower reservoirs globally. This study measures ebullitive and diffusive methane fluxes from two eastern Washington reservoirs, and synthesizes existing studies of methane ebullition in temperate, boreal, and tropical hydropower reservoirs. Ebullition comprises nearly all methane emissions (>97%) from this study's two eastern Washington hydropower reservoirs to the atmosphere. Summer methane ebullition from these reservoirs was higher than ebullition in six southeastern U.S. hydropower reservoirs, however it was similar to temperate reservoirs in other parts of the world. Our literature synthesis suggests that methane ebullition from temperate hydropower reservoirs can be seasonally elevated compared to tropical climates, however annual emissions are likely to be higher within tropical climates, emphasizing the possible range of methane ebullition fluxes and the need for the further study of temperate reservoirs. Possible future changes to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and UNFCCC guidelines for national greenhouse gas inventories highlights the need for accurate assessment of reservoir emissions.
Chylous Ascites: A Review of Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment

Chylous ascites (CA) is a rare form of ascites that results from the leakage of lipid-rich lymph into the peritoneal cavity. This usually occurs due to trauma and rupture of the lymphatics or increased peritoneal lymphatic pressure secondary to obstruction. The underlying etiologies for CA have been classified as traumatic, congenital, infectious, neoplastic, postoperative, cirrhotic or cardiogenic. Since malignancy and cirrhosis account for about two-thirds of all the cases of CA in Western countries, in this article we have attempted to reclassify CA based on portal and non-portal etiologies. The diagnosis of CA is based on the distinct characteristic of the ascitic fluid which includes a milky appearance and a triglyceride level of >200 mg/dL. The management consists of identifying and treating the underlying disease process, dietary modification, and diuretics. Some studies have also supported the use of agents such as orlistat, somatostatin, octreotide and etilefrine. Paracentesis and surgical interventions in the form of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (commonly known as TIPS), peritoneal shunt, angiography with embolization of a leaking vessel, and laparotomy remain as treatment options for cases refractory to medical management.
A heterometallic ruthenium–gold complex displays antiproliferative, antimigratory, and antiangiogenic properties and inhibits metastasis and angiogenesis-associated proteases in renal cancer

Heterobimetallic compounds are designed to harness chemotherapeutic traits of distinct metal species into a single molecule. The ruthenium-gold (Ru-Au) family of compounds based on Au-N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) fragments [Cl2(p-cymene)Ru(μ-dppm)Au(NHC)]ClO4 was conceived to combine the known antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties of Au-NHC-based compounds and the antimigratory, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic characteristic of specific Ru-based compounds. Following recent studies of the anticancer efficacies of these Ru-Au-NHC complexes with promising potential as chemotherapeutics against colorectal, and renal cancers in vitro, we report here on the mechanism of a selected compound, [Cl2(p-cymene)Ru(μ-dppm)Au(IMes)]ClO4 (RANCE-1, 1). The studies were carried out in vitro using a human clear cell renal carcinoma cell line (Caki-1). These studies indicate that bimetallic compound RANCE-1 (1) is significantly more cytotoxic than the Ru (2) or Au (3) monometallic derivatives. RANCE-1 significantly inhibits migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which are essential for metastasis. RANCE-1 was found to disturb pericellular proteolysis by inhibiting cathepsins, and the metalloproteases MMP and ADAM which play key roles in the etiopathogenesis of cancer. RANCE-1 also inhibits the mitochondrial protein TrxR that is often overexpressed in cancer cells and facilitates apoptosis evasion. We found that while auranofin perturbed migration and invasion to similar degrees as RANCE-1 (1) in Caki-1 renal cancer cells, RANCE-1 (1) inhibited antiangiogenic formation and VEGF expression. We found that auranofin and RANCE-1 (1) have distinct proteolytic profiles. In summary, RANCE-1 constitutes a very promising candidate for further preclinical evaluations in renal cancer.
Student—Scientist Partnerships

It is the very strangeness of nature that makes science engrossing, that keeps bright people at it, and that ought to be at the center of science teaching. I believe that the worst thing that has happened to science education is that the great fun has gone out of it….Very few see science as the high adventure it really is, the wildest of all explorations ever taken by human beings, the chance to catch close views of things never seen before, the shrewdest maneuver for discovering how the world works. (Thomas, 1981)
Why Utilities Should Incorporate Externalities

Should utility companies incorporate environmental externalities in their planning and operations? Of course they should, so long as our society has failed to fully internalize the impact of power plants and energy distribution facilities.
In-Vivo Measurements; Pitfalls and Problems of Instrumentation

This chapter is not designed to provide detailed information about how to make physiological measurements. In some cases references are provided which will supply that kind of information. The purpose of this chapter is to point out some of the problems and pitfalls involved in physiological measurements. Judging by how many of these problems are apparently ignored it seems that many investigators are unaware of them.
Robot-Assisted Pelvic Lymphadenectomy

A robot-assisted technique for radical cystectomy must address all three stages of this technically challenging operation: extirpation of the primary tumor, adequate lymphadenectomy, and a urinary diversion method that satisfies that patient’s needs. In this review chapter, we will focus on the lymph node dissection component and outline the history of its development, its contribution to oncologic outcomes, and a step-by-step detailed description of technique with matching video clips and still images.
Signal transduction mediated by cyclin D1: from mitogens to cell proliferation: a molecular target with therapeutic potential.

Cyclin D1 integrates extracellular signals by coupling signals from cell surface receptors to transcription factors, thereby regulating diverse gene expression networks. Cyclin D1 has well defined roles in cell cycle progression that are aberrantly activated in many cancers, thus, it is an appropriate pathway to target for therapeutic intervention. This review will outline the basic regulatory machinery responsible for cell cycle control and describe the latest advances made in the field. Strategies for targeting cyclin D1 and cyclin D1-mediated signaling pathways as means of developing novel and perhaps more effective anticancer treatments will be discussed. Examples of novel cell cycle-targeting molecules that are currently being tested in clinical trials will be discussed as well.
Functionalization of diazotetronic acid and application in a stereoselective modular synthesis of pulvinone, aspulvinones A–E, G, Q and their analogues

A modular synthesis of aspulvinones A, B, C, D, E, G and the recently isolated aspulvinone Q was developed. The methodology features a highly stereoselective aldol condensation of diazotetronic acid with aldehydes to provide 5-arylidene diazotetronates. Subsequent catalytic intermolecular C-H insertion reactions of the arylidene tetronates with arenes provide a series of naturally occurring aspulvinones including aspulvinones C, D and Q which have not been synthesized before. Variation of the aldehyde and the arene components furnishes synthetic analogues of the aspulvinones.
Procrastination of Travel: The Effect of Crowdedness:

The tendency to postpone an action, otherwise known as procrastination, is related to the discounting of future costs. In a tourism context, despite having the best intentions to travel, people may...
Astrocyte Viability and Functionality in Spatially Confined Microcavitation Zone

Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) can result in cell/tissue damage and lead to clinical and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Shock waves from a blast propagate through the brain and initiate cascades of mechanical and physiological events that can adversely affect the brain function. Although studies using animal models and brain slices have shown macroscale changes in the brain tissue in response to blast, systematic elucidation of coupling mechanisms is currently lacking. One mechanism that has been postulated and demonstrated repeatedly is the blast-induced generation and subsequent collapse of micron-size bubbles (i.e., microcavitation). Using a custom-designed exposure system, we have previously reported that upon collapsing of microbubbles, astrocytes exhibited changes in the cell viability, cellular biomechanics, production of reactive oxygen species, and activation of apoptotic signaling pathways. In this paper, we have applied microfabrication techniques and seeded astrocytes in a spatially controlled manner to determine the extent of cell damage from the site of the collapse of microbubbles. Such a novel experimental design is proven to facilitate our effort to examine the altered cell viability and functionality by monitoring the transient calcium spiking activity in real-time. We now report that the effect of microcavitation depends on the distance from which cells are seeded, and the cell functionality assessed by calcium dynamics is significantly diminished in the cells located within ∼800 μm of the collapsing microbubbles. Both calcium influx across the cell membrane via N-type calcium channels and intracellular calcium store are altered in response to microcavitation. Finally, the FDA-approved poloxamer 188 (P188) was used to reconstitute the compromised cell membrane and restore the cell's reparative capability. This finding may lead to a feasible treatment for partially mitigating the tissue damage associated with bTBI.
21.2 A 27-to-41GHz MIMO Receiver with N-Input-N-Output Using Scalable Cascadable Autonomous Array-Based High-Order Spatial Filters for Instinctual Full-FoV Multi-Blocker/Signal Management

Rapidly growing deployment of mm-wave links in commercial (e.g., 5G/automotive) and defense (e.g., fast-moving drones) applications often exposes the transceiver (TX/RX) front-ends in complex EM environments with multiple fast-changing yet unknown blockers (Angle-of-Arrival AoA/frequency/modulation). To preserve full field-of-view (FoV) and multi-beam/MIMO operations, digital arrays often skip FoV-limited front-end beamforming and rely on digital backends for spatial filtering [1]. However, the RXs and ADCs need high dynamic range (DR) to handle all the aperture information and avoid array saturation by strong signals/blockers that may hinder digital beamforming [2]. Therefore, to aid digital arrays and reduce RX/ADC DR, there is a critical need for agile spectral-spatial front-end filtering for instinctual blocker suppression and “power-equalizing” of desired signals.
Blunt Thoracic Aortic Trauma

Given their rapidly fatal course, intrathoracic vascular injuries have long captured the interest of surgeons. Over the past two decades, a lot has been done to overcome this infamous clinical course. The ever-evolving technology involving the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities has helped produce a paradigm shift in the approach toward management of these types of injuries. Moreover, this advancement has produced a radical change in the diagnosis and outcome of patients with both blunt and penetrating thoracic injuries.
Ocean shipping in the great lakes: An analysis of industry transportation cost savings

This study examines the role of ocean shipping on the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway System in light of the diminished importance of opening the Lakes to ocean vessels and their position as the largest freshwater body in the world and a major tourist attraction and element in quality of life for the region. The value is important to measure as new investments in the Seaway are starting to be required, and awareness is growing of previously unexpected environmental impacts, such as the introduction of invasive species from ocean-going vessels, which have led to calls for moratoria on ocean shipping. The Seaway extends 1,300 miles from Montreal to Duluth. The Great Lakes represent some 95 percent of fresh water in the U.S. The methodology involved a literature review and examination of several earlier studies, followed by interviews with carriers, stevedores, ports, ocean brokers, ocean rate services, grain and steel shipper/receivers, and related government organizations. The aim is to estimate the transportation productivity benefits of ocean vessel shipping compared to using other modes. A number of costs had to be quantified along the supply chain to carry out the comparison. A detailed cost analysis was conducted for three major commodity movements that account for 70 percent of the shipping into and out of the Lakes. A less detailed weighted average estimate was done for the remaining 30 percent. The 12.3 million metric tons moved on ocean vessels is 6.8 percent of the total on the Great Lakes-Seaway System. Volumes are much lower than at the peak in 1978 and appear to be falling still. The cost savings to shippers who use ocean vessels is compared to costs imposed by mitigating invasive species, social, and environmental costs of maintaining the current share of ocean shipping, as well as social and environmental costs of shifting the freight to other modes.
Cisplatin cytotoxicity is regulated by the AMP biosynthesis pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

3738 Cisplatin is one of the most widely used anticancer compounds in chemotherapy. Intrinsic and acquired resistance, however, are major obstacles for the clinical use of this drug. In our effort to identify molecular markers associated with cisplatin resistance, we found several yeast genes which, when lost, confer cellular resistance to cisplatin. Among the genes identified, deletion of the FCY2 gene, a purine-cytosine permease, which also transports protons through the plasma membrane, was found most frequently. A related gene, HPT1, encoding the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase, was also identified multiple times. This study aims at identifying the mechanisms by which FCY2 and HPT1 genes mediate cisplatin cytotoxicity. One of the known phenotypes resulting from the mutation of FCY2 or HPT1 gene is that the de novo AMP biosynthesis genes are derepressed in the mutants, which in turn leads to accumulation and excretion of purines. We tested the hypothesis that cisplatin cytotoxicity is compromised in these mutants due to the accumulation of purines inside the cells and excretion of purines into the medium. Our current findings are as follows: (1) While whole cell cisplatin accumulation was not significantly affected in both Δfcy2 and Δhpt1 mutants, cisplatin-DNA adducts was decreased to 60% in the Δfcy2 mutants as compared with the wild-type cells, (2) Overexpression of FCY2 gene in wild-type cells sensitized cisplatin cytotoxicity, (3) Addition of adenine and hypoxanthine in the medium inhibited cisplatin cytotoxicity and the formation of cisplatin-DNA adducts in wild-type cells, (4) A dominant mutant of the ADE4 gene, which functions in the first step of de novo AMP biosynthesis, also exhibited resistance to cisplatin, (5) Overexpression of the ADE4 gene in wild-type cells also results in reduced cisplatin sensitivity. Our data suggest that cisplatin cytotoxicity is regulated by the AMP biosynthesis pathway. Whether overexpression of the GPAT (glutamine PRPP amidotransferase) gene, the human homologue of the yeast ADE4 gene, is associated with resistance to cisplatin in human cancer cells is under investigation.
Successful Treatment of Primary Orthostatic Tremor Using Perampanel.

Background: Primary orthostatic tremor (POT) remains a therapeutic conundrum. Various medication classes have been tried, yielding modest results at best. Case Report: A 62-year-old female with a 13-year history of POT, refractory to clonazepam up to 20 mg/day, was treated with perampanel 1–2 mg/day. She reported 90% subjective symptomatic improvement. Discussion: This case highlights the potential for use of perampanel, a novel AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor antagonist for the treatment of POT. There has been one prior report citing its use for POT with complete resolution of symptoms. We encourage further studies to highlight its efficacy for POT.
The Dopant Distribution in Ti-, Zr- and Cr-doped Y3Al5O12 Fibers Grown by the Laser Heated Floating Zone Method

Single crystal fibers of Ti-, Zr- and Cr-doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG) were grown from polycrystalline feed rods in Ar+5%H2, pure Ar and Ar+2%O2 atmospheres using the laser heated floating zone method. The spatial dopant distribution and precipitation of second phases in the grown fibers has been systematically studied by means of electron probe microanalysis. A strong growth-atmosphere dependence of effective segregation coefficient and precipitate formation were seen in Ti- and Cr-doped fibers, but not in Zr-doped fibers. The highest doping of Ti into the YAG lattice was obtained in Ar+5%H2 atmosphere, while Cr was able to be incorporated into YAG by suppression of evaporation under an Ar+2%O2 atmosphere. The results are discussed in terms of atmosphere-dependent valence state and volatility of the dopant.
Gay Fatherhood in the NICU: Supporting the "Gayby" Boom.

Background With advances in reproductive health, gay males are increasingly given the opportunity to reproduce. It is not a common occurrence for infants of gay male fathers to enter the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); however, this may change and should be acknowledged. Purpose To give insight into the barriers, perspectives, and stresses of gay male caregivers (families) in their time spent in the NICU and to offer recommendations as to how better to serve them and their families. Methods/search strategy Searched using PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. Key words used were "gay families," "fatherhood," "neonatal intensive care unit," "lesbians," and "surrogacy." Findings/results There remains a very limited amount of data for healthcare providers as these relate to gay male fathers in the NICU, aside from narratives. Most of the research and literature that highlight potential barriers stem from heterosexual fatherhood in the NICU and lesbian parenting in the healthcare system. Implications for practice To have an understanding and knowledge to improve support for gay fathers in the NICU. Implications for research Research on gay fathers in the NICU and further research on lower economic gay fatherhood and gay men of color and fatherhood are required. Because of the small sample size, multicentered studies may warranted to aid in clinical significance.
Wonder, Politics, and the Founding of Civilizations in Gravina’s Della Ragione Poetica and Vico’s Scienza Nuova

Gianvincenzo Gravina (1664–1718) and Giambattista Vico (1668–1744) were two Neapolitan philosophers concerned with the way human society initially formed. They agreed that ancient myths were produced by a mentality that had a powerful ability for acute perception but could not reflect abstractly. They also agreed that wonder (la maraviglia) was an important force that enchanted the first peoples into founding society. They disagreed on how this happened. Gravina argued that early poets could see the truth and used persuasive poetry to teach the people how to live. Vico argued that wonder impelled the first poets to create false divinities that frightened the first bestial people into founding civilization. While the two views differ, they show how Neapolitan Enlightenment thinkers developed radically different answers to questions that Northern Europeans were asking.
Leveraging expression from multiple tissues using sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA) and aggregate tests improves the power of transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS)

Abstract Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) test the association between traits and genetically predicted gene expression levels. The power of a TWAS depends in part on the strength of the correlation between a genetic predictor of gene expression and the causally relevant gene expression values. Consequently, TWAS power can be low when expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) data used to train the genetic predictors have small sample sizes, or when data from causally relevant tissues are not available. Here, we propose to address these issues by integrating multiple tissues in the TWAS using sparse canonical correlation analysis (sCCA). We show that sCCA-TWAS combined with single-tissue TWAS using an aggregate Cauchy association test (ACAT) outperforms traditional single-tissue TWAS. In empirically motivated simulations, the sCCA+ACAT approach yielded the highest power to detect a gene associated with phenotype, even when expression in the causal tissue was not directly measured, while controlling the Type I error when there is no association between gene expression and phenotype. For example, when gene expression explains 2% of the variability in outcome, and the GWAS sample size is 20,000, the average power difference between the ACAT combined test of sCCA features and single-tissue, versus single-tissue combined with Generalized Berk-Jones (GBJ) method, single-tissue combined with S-MultiXcan or summarizing cross-tissue expression patterns using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approaches was 5%, 8%, and 38%, respectively. The gain in power is likely due to sCCA cross-tissue features being more likely to be detectably heritable. When applied to publicly available summary statistics from 10 complex traits, the sCCA+ACAT test was able to increase the number of testable genes and identify on average an additional 400 additional gene-trait associations that single-trait TWAS missed. Our results suggest that aggregating eQTL data across multiple tissues using sCCA can improve the sensitivity of TWAS while controlling for the false positive rate. Author summary Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) can improve the statistical power of genetic association studies by leveraging the relationship between genetically predicted transcript expression levels and an outcome. We propose a new TWAS pipeline that integrates data on the genetic regulation of expression levels across multiple tissues. We generate cross-tissue expression features using sparse canonical correlation analysis and then combine evidence for expression-outcome association across cross- and single-tissue features using the aggregate Cauchy association test. We show that this approach has substantially higher power than traditional single-tissue TWAS methods. Application of these methods to publicly available summary statistics for ten complex traits also identifies associations missed by single-tissue methods.
An equivalent circuit model for Vanadium Redox Batteries via hybrid extended Kalman filter and Particle filter methods

Abstract This paper proposes a model for parameter estimation of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery based on both the electrochemical model and the Equivalent Circuit Model. The equivalent circuit elements are found by a newly proposed optimization to minimized the error between the Thevenin and KVL-based impedance of the equivalent circuit. In contrast to most previously proposed circuit models, which are only introduced for constant current charging, the proposed method is applicable for all charging procedures, i.e., constant current, constant voltage, and constant current-constant voltage charging procedures. The proposed model is verified on a nine-cell VRFB stack by a sample constant current-constant voltage charging. As observed, in constant current charging mode, the terminal voltage model matches the measured data closely with low deviation; however, the terminal voltage model shows discrepancies with the measured data of VRFB in constant voltage charging. To improve the proposed circuit model's discrepancies in constant voltage mode, two Kalman filters, i.e., hybrid extended Kalman filter and particle filter estimation algorithms, are used in this study. The results show the accuracy of the proposed equivalent with an average deviation of 0.88% for terminal voltage model estimation by the extended KF-based method and the average deviation of 0.79% for the particle filter-based estimation method, while the initial equivalent circuit has an error of 7.21%. Further, the proposed procedure extended to estimate the state of charge of the battery. The results show an average deviation of 4.2% in estimating the battery state of charge using the PF method and 4.4% using the hybrid extended KF method, while the electrochemical SoC estimation method is taken as the reference. These two Kalman Filter based methods are more accurate compared to the average deviation of state of charge using the Coulomb counting method, which is 7.4%.
Teachers and Diverse Students: A Knowledge-to-Action Reader Response Model to Promote Critical Consciousness

Anti-immigrant vitriol is growing, even disturbing our educational spaces. Teachers are also affected by the negative discourses around them and need to develop knowledge that shapes their attitude...
Tryptophan Metabolism in the Brain of the Developing Rat

Publisher Summary It is known that only very small amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine are present in the brain of the rat during early development and that monoainine oxidase activity in homogenates of the brain of the newborn is one third that is found in the young adult rat. Preliminary, experiments show that at this age, when only small amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine is present, the concentration of tryptophan in the brain is considerably higher than in the adult. A study of changes in the concentration of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its metabolite, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, in relation to the concentration of the precursor amino acid, tryptophan, during the early development of the rat has been made. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine and its metabolite, 5-liydroxyindoleacetic acid, are related to the concentration of the precursor amino acid, tryptophan, during the early development of the rat and in the adult rat.
A family of putative Kir potassium channels in prokaryotes

Background Prior to this report, members of the inward rectifier family, or Kir, have been found only in eukaryotes. Like most K+ channels, the pore-forming part of the protein is formed by four identical, or closely related, subunits. Each subunit contains a transmembrane M1-P-M2 motif that is followed by a relatively large C-terminus region unique to Kir's.
Problems Associated with the Use of Azide as an Inhibitor of Microbial Activity in Soil

Problems associated with the use of sodium or potassium azide as an inhibitor of microbial activity in soil include erroneous CO2 evolution readings, shifts in inhibitor concentration, rise in soil pH, and explosion hazard.
The Sacred and the Profane in Omkara: Vishal Bhardwaj’s Hindi Adaptation of Othello

72 1024x768 Normal 0 21 false false false NL-BE X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} Abstract (E) : The essay focuses on cultural translation of cinematic emotion in Vishal Bhardwaj’s Omkara (2006). By analyzing Bhardwaj’s use of filmic micro-genres of religious ritual, concept, and story through visual imagery and music, we see how Omkara alludes to the history of Indian and non-Indian film and much like the way Shakespeare’s drama does with an array of other texts. More specifically, the essay articulates Bhardwaj’s linking of tragic love with violence in the world’s most populous democracy. Abstract (F) : Cet article s’interesse particulierement a la traduction culturelle de l’emotion filmique dans Omkara de Vishal Bhardwaj(2006). En analysant la maniere dont Bhardwaj se sert de certains microgenres cinematographiques des rites religieux et comment il en articule le concept et l’histoire a travers les images et la musique, nous demontrons qu’Omkara se refere a l’histoire du cinema indien mais aussi non-indien de la meme facon que le theâtre de Shakespeare renvoie a toute une panoplie d’autres textes. Plus specifiquement, l’article regarde de plus pres la maniere dont Bhardway rattache le theme de l’amour tragique au theme de la violence dans la plus grande democratie du monde.
A Review of: “Blomberg, Doug (2007). Wisdom and Curriculum: Christian Schooling after Postmodernity.”

In Wisdom and Curriculum: Christian Schooling After Postmodernity, Doug Blomberg, a Christian philosopher and teacher, attempts a philosophical discourse that addresses a wisdom motif situated in b...
Clinical Evaluation of a Posterior Composite Resin Containing a New Type of Filler Particle

A new type of filler particle has been developed as the inorganic component in a posterior composite resin. Identified as zirconialsilica, this agent consists of small centers of amorphous silica surrounded by satellites of zirconium dioxide. Marketed as P-50, this new posterior composite resin was clinically evaluated for wear resistance and other pertinent characteristics. At the end of one year the wear rate averaged less than one micrometer per month.
An informatics-based approach to object tracking for distributed live video computing

Omnipresent camera networks have been a popular research topic in recent years. They are applicable to a range of monitoring tasks, from bridges to gas stations to the inside of industrial chemical tanks. Though a large body of existing work focuses on image and video processing techniques, very few address the usability of such systems or the implications of real-time video dissemination. In this article, we present our work on extending the LVDBMS prototype with a multifaceted object model to characterize objects in live video streams. This forms the basis for a cross-camera tracking framework which permits objects to be tracked from one video stream to another. With this infrastructure, real-time queries may be posed to monitor complex events that occur in multiple video streams simultaneously. This live video database environment provides a general-purpose platform for distributed live video computing with the goal of enabling rapid application development for camera networks.
Plasma phenylalanine: Tyrosine ratios during high‐dose methotrexate‐citrovorum “rescue”

We have measured phenylalanine and tyrosine in the plasma of patients with osteogenic sarcoma undergoing chemotherapy with high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX) citrovorum factor rescue (CFR). During 14 treatments in six different patients, the phenylalanine to tyrosine ratio (PHE/TYR) at 21 to 38 hours was elevated over pretreatment levels. The observed increase in plasma phenylalanine is attributed to inhibition by MTX of the phenylalanine hydroxylase system of the liver, which is not folate-dependent and thus is not corrected by administration of CV. A post-infusion increase in PHE/TYR of 571% after 22 hours in one patient and of 410% after 30 hours in another were associated with marked MTX toxicity. The greatest increase in PHE/TYR seen in a patient who did not experience toxicity was was 249% in 21 hours. Thus, in this group of patients, there appears to be a correlation between evidence of clinical MTX toxicity and the magnitude of the percentage increase in PHE/TYR in the plasma, which indicates inhibition of a liver enzyme and thus reflects the intracellular concentration of MTX.
The Making of a Radical Economist

This article is about the process by which I became a radical, my early political activism, my struggle in the army during McCarthyism, and the long fight for a political economy program at the University of California, Riverside. The point of the article is to convey to readers as clearly as possible information on the ways that people become radicals, the radical fight against McCarthyism, and the building of a political economy program.
Beyond the Sponge Model: Encouraging Students' Questioning Skills in Abnormal Psychology:

Much of education emphasizes an “answers-by-the-experts” and “student-as-sponge” orientation, thereby failing to encourage students' questioning behavior, an essential component of critical thinkin...
Cytofluorographic analysis of receptors for IgA on human polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes and the correlation of receptor expression with phagocytosis.

Abstract Receptors for the Fc portion of IgA (RFcα) were identified on human monocytes and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) by cytofluorograph analysis using FITC-labeled IgA and by rosette formation with IgA-sensitized indicator cells. Larger percentages of PMNs obtained from the oral cavity expressed RFca than did blood PMNs. These oral PMNs also expressed more RFcα per cell than blood PMNs. Moreover, the expression of these receptors on blood PMNs was enhanced by overnight incubation with IgA. In functional studies, RFcα appeared to cooperate with receptors for IgG in enhancing blood and oral PMN mediated phagocytosis of target cells coated with IgG and IgA. Furthermore, and in contrast with blood PMNs, oral PMNs were capable of phagocytosing target cells coated with IgA alone. Thus, receptors for IgA may be important to the ability of RFca bearing effector cell populations to mediate protection at mucosal surfaces.
A Bayesian approach for locating change points in a compound Poisson process with application to detecting DNA copy number variations

This work examines the problem of locating changes in the distribution of a Compound Poisson Process where the variables being summed are iid normal and the number of variable follows the Poisson distribution. A Bayesian approach is developed to identify the location of significant changes in any of the parameters of the distribution, and a sliding window algorithm is used to identify multiple change points. These results can be applied in any field of study where an interest in locating changes not only in the parameter of a normally distributed data set but also in the rate of their occurrence. It has direct application to the study of DNA copy number variations in cancer research, where it is known that the distances between the genes can affect their intensity level.
Combining immature and total neutrophil counts to predict early onset sepsis in term and late preterm newborns: use of the I/T2.

A complete blood count (CBC) with white blood cell (WBC) differential is often done as part of an evaluation for sepsis in newborns. Beginning with Manroe et al1, many investigators have shown that a low WBC count, a low absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and a high proportion of immature neutrophils (I/T, where I is the immature and T is the total neutrophil count) predict infection.2-10 We recently showed that the CBC is more informative if its performance is deferred until at least 4 hours of age and the results are categorized into intervals, rather than simply dichotomized into “normal” and “abnormal” ranges.8 We provided likelihood ratios (LRs) for WBC counts, ANC and I/T results in 5 intervals for 3 time periods.8 However, we did not discuss the best way to combine the results of these tests. If the WBC count, ANC and I/T were independent, one could simply multiply the LRs for their results together. The term “independent” means that in both those with and without disease, knowing the results of one of the tests does not provide information about the results of the other tests.11 However, because the ANC is a large component of the WBC count and is included in the denominator of the I/T, the tests are not independent. With a sufficient sample size, it would be possible to estimate interval LRs for each test result at each level of the others. However, obtaining such a large sample is not practical. Consequently, other approaches are needed. Based on exploratory analyses of a previous dataset,7 we hypothesized a priori that the I/T divided by the total neutrophil count would capture information from both tests in a single number. The rationale for calculating the I/T2 is that a high I/T is more worrisome when the total neutrophil count is low.2, 12 By dividing the I/T by the total neutrophil count again, i.e., calculating I/T2, we hypothesized that we might capture this worrisome combination of a high I/T and low total neutrophil count with a single number.
Study of Injection of Helium into Supersonic Air Flow Using Rayleigh Scattering

A study of the transverse injection of helium into a Mach 3 crossflow is presented. Filtered Rayleigh scattering is used to measure penetration and helium mole fraction in the mixing region. The method is based on planar molecular Rayleigh scattering using an injection-seeded, frequency-doubled ND:YAG pulsed laser and a cooled CCD camera. The scattered light is filtered with an iodine absorption cell to suppress stray laser light. Preliminary data are presented for helium mole fraction and penetration. Flow visualization images obtained with a shadowgraph and wall static pressure data in the vicinity of the injection are also presented.
An open trial of transdermal nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation among alcohol- and drug-dependent inpatients

An open trial of transdermal nicotine replacement for smoking cessation was conducted. Over a 7-month period, all patients admitted to the inpatient alcohol and drug treatment unit of the Seattle Veterans Affairs Medical Center (n = 207) were offered the opportunity to participate in an open trial of transdermal nicotine replacement for smoking cessation. Forty-nine (23.7%) elected to attempt cessation with transdermal nicotine during their inpatient treatment episodes. These subjects received no psychosocial treatments directed specifically at smoking cessation. They smoked a mean of 28.5 (SD = 16.4) cigarettes per day and obtained a mean score of 8.3 (SD = 1.9) on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. Subjects remained on transdermal nicotine an average of 18.8 (SD = 8.2) days with desire to resume smoking the major reason for discontinuation. Seven subjects (14.3%) self-reported tobacco abstinence at 21 days, and 5 (10.2%) self-reported abstinence as outpatients at 6 weeks. These results show that a substantial proportion of alcohol- and drug-dependent patients entering inpatient treatment are willing to attempt alcohol and illicit drug cessation and tobacco cessation simultaneously and that transdermal nicotine holds promise as a treatment modality in this population.
Replication of Coulomb's Torsion Balance Experiment

A long-standing issue in history of science is whether or not the fundamental law of electrostatics was justified experimentally in the late 1700s. By that time, following Isaac Newton’s mechanics, physicists had come to understand that the gravitational force between two masses m1 and m2 may be expressed by Fg ∝ m1m2 r2 , where r is the distance between the centers of the two bodies. The success of this inversesquare law led some individuals to investigate whether phenomena other than celestial motions could also be described by inverse-square equations. In particular, some scientists, Joseph Priestly and Henry Cavendish among them, argued that the repulsion and attraction between bodies charged by electricity are likewise described by an expression such as Fe ∝ q1q2 d2 , where each q represents the particular quantity of electric charge on each body, and d is the distance between their centers. The remarkable formal coincidence between such force laws prompts the question: had scientists found substantive evidence to warrant that law of electrostatics or did they mainly presuppose that it matched Newton’s law? In June of 1785, Charles Augustin Coulomb, a retired military engineer, announced to the Paris Academy of Sciences that he had devised an innovative experimental apparatus, the torsion balance, an extremely sensitive instrument able to measure even minute forces to an unprecedented degree of accuracy. With it Coulomb claimed to have demonstrated that electrostatic repulsion indeed varies inversely at the square of the distance. That experiment, together with another presented in 1787, eventually led physicists to designate the fundamental equation of electrostatics as “Coulomb’s law.” Coulomb was admired increasingly as having helped to transform French physics from a descriptive field (plagued by dubitable speculative hypotheses) to a conceptually lean, experimentally grounded, and highly mathematized science.1 His rigorous engineering mindset
Feeding Preferences of the Drywood Termite, Cryptotermes brevis

Feeding preference order of micropterous Cryptotermes brevis Walker nymphs in homogeneous laminates of paired sapwood pieces was balsa > western redcedar > Douglas-fir > southern yellow pine by volume consumed, and cedar > fir > balsa > pine by weight consumed. Only pine was consumed in significantly less quantities both by volume and weight. In laminates with combinations of 2 wood species, significantly more volumes of balsa were consumed than of any other wood, significantly more volumes of fir and cedar than pine were consumed when they were paired with pine, but there was no significant difference in volume consumption of fir and cedar when they were paired. Almost no pine was consumed regardless of the wood species with which it was paired. The responses based on weight were similar, except that significantly more fir than cedar was consumed in combination with cedar. Significantly more volume or weight of balsa than “normal” (average consumption of balsa in homogeneous laminates) was consumed in combination with cedar or fir, and significantly more fir than normal was consumed in combination with pine; significantly less cedar or fir than normal was consumed in combinations with balsa. Nymphal development was accelerated in balsa, whether the balsa was present in homogeneous or combination laminates.