cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cold air drainage flows subsidize montane valley ecosystem productivity

In mountainous areas, cold air drainage from high to low elevations has pronounced effects on local temperature, which is a critical driver of many ecosystem processes, including carbon uptake and storage. Here, we leverage new approaches for interpreting ecosystem carbon flux observations in complex terrain to quantify the links between macro-climate condition, drainage flows, local microclimate, and ecosystem carbon cycling in a southern Appalachian valley. Data from multiple long-running climate stations and multiple eddy covariance flux towers are combined with simple models for ecosystem carbon fluxes. We show that cold air drainage into the valley suppresses local temperature by several degrees at night and for several hours before and after sunset, leading to reductions in growing season respiration on the order of ~8%. As a result, we estimate that drainage flows increase growing season and annual net carbon uptake in the valley by >10% and >15%, respectively, via effects on microclimate that are not be adequately represented in regional- and global-scale terrestrial ecosystem models. Analyses driven by chamber-based estimates of soil and plant respiration reveal cold air drainage effects on ecosystem respiration are dominated by reductions to the respiration of aboveground biomass. We further show that cold air drainage proceeds more readily when cloud cover and humidity are low, resulting in the greatest enhancements to net carbon uptake in the valley under clear, cloud-free (i.e., drought-like) conditions. This is a counterintuitive result that is neither observed nor predicted outside of the valley, where nocturnal temperature and respiration increase during dry periods. This result should motivate efforts to explore how topographic flows may buffer eco-physiological processes from macroscale climate change.
Clinical and cell surface marker characterization of the early phase of chronic lymphocytic leukemia

The immunologic surface markers on lymphocytes and clinical characteristics of 35 patients with established (stages 0-4) CLL with absolute lymphocyte counts greater than 15,000/cu mm were compared to those of a group of 25 patients with CLL in an early or preleukemic phase (counts of less than 15,000/cu mm). We found a monoclonal B cell proliferation in most cases in the latter group, in spite of the paucity of clinical and laboratory findings. Furthermore, early CLL can readily be distinguished from benign lymphocytosis by surface marker criteria. In untreated CLL, surface marker characteristics are stable with time and predominantly reflect expansion of clones expressing only B cell markers; however, small increase of blood T cells are often seen. Surface markers are a simple and clinically useful tool for definding and characterizing the preleukemic phase of CLL and its ultimate progression to established CLL.
DNS and measurements of scalar transfer across an air-water interface during inception and growth of Langmuir circulation

Direct numerical simulations (DNS) of an initially quiescent coupled air-water interface driven by an air flow with free stream speed of 5 m/s have been conducted and scalar transfer from the air side to the water side and subsequent vertical transport in the water column have been analysed. Two simulations are compared: one with a freely deforming interface, giving rise to gravity-capillary waves and aqueous Langmuir turbulence (LT) characterized by small-scale (centimeter-scale) Langmuir cells (LC), and the other with the interface intentionally held flat, i.e., without LC. It is concluded that LT serves to enhance vertical transport of the scalar in the water side and in the process increases scalar transfer efficiency from the air side to the water side relative to the shear-dominated turbulence in the flat interface case. Furthermore, transition to LT was observed to be accompanied by a spike in scalar flux characterized by an order of magnitude increase. These episodic flux increases, if linked to gusts and overall unsteadiness in the wind field, are expected to be an important contributor in determining the long-term average of the air-sea gas fluxes.
Impaired gonadotropin responses to gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulation in endurance-trained women *

The effects of endurance running on body composition, menstrual cycles, and gonadotropins were studied in 19 healthy, young, regularly menstruating women. Midfollicular plasma concentrations of unstimulated and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were examined at baseline and after each subject's weekly mileage had increased 30 miles (Δ30) and 50 miles (Δ50) above baseline. Mean±standard error of the mean unstimulated luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone did not change significantly. GnRH-stimulated luteinizing hormone was 76.3±22.0 μ g/min/ml at baseline and declined to 20.2±4.5 μ g/min/ml at Δ50 ( P μ g/min/ml at baseline and declined to 9.6±2.1 μ g/min/ml at Δ50 ( P
From prototype to flight: qualifying a Ka-band Parabolic Deployable Antenna (KaPDA) for CubeSats

CubeSats have experienced a number of exciting technological advancements in the past several years. However, until recently, there has been very limited development in the area of high gain CubeSat antennas, which are critical for both high data rate communications and radar science. A Ka-band high gain antenna would provide a 10,000 times increase in data communication rates over an X-band patch antenna and a 100 times increase over state-of-the-art S-band parabolic antennas. Because of this, three years ago the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) initiated a research and technology development effort to advance CubeSat communication capabilities, with one of the key thrusts being the Ka-band parabolic deployable antenna (KaPDA). This antenna started with the ambitious goal of fitting a 42 dB, 0.5 meter, 35 Ghz antenna in a 1.5U (10 cm x 10 cm x 17 cm) canister. This paper discusses the process of taking the antenna from a first prototype to the flight design, which is flying on the RainCube mission, and earth science CubeSat. The prototype antenna was constructed in early 2015, and then upgraded to an engineering model at the end of 2016 to compensate for lessons learned. The flight version is currently under construction, and scheduled to be finished in 2016. KaPDA is the second deployable parabolic antenna to fly on a CubeSat, and the first of its kind to operate at Ka-band enabling a number of opportunities for high rate deep space antenna communications and radar science.
Monthly food insecurity assessment in rural mkushi district, Zambia: a longitudinal analysis.

Perception-based scales are widely used for household food insecurity (HFI) assessment but were only recently added in national surveys. The frequency of assessments needed to characterize dynamics in HFI over time is largely unknown. The study aims to examine longitudinal changes in monthly reported HFI at both population- and household-level. A total of 157 households in rural Mkushi District whose children were enrolled in the non-intervened arm of an efficacy trial of biofortified maize were included in the analysis. HFI was assessed by a validated 8-item perception-based Likert scale on a monthly basis from October 2012 to March 2013 (6 visits), characterizing mostly the lean season. An HFI index was created by summing scores over the Likert scale, with a possible range of 0–32. The Wilcoxon matched signed-ranks test was used to compare distribution of HFI index between visits. A random effect model was fit to quantify the sources of variance in indices at household level. The median [IQR] HFI index was 4.5 [2, 8], 5 [1, 8], 4 [1, 7], 4 [1, 6], 3 [1, 7] and 4 [1, 6] at the six monthly visits, respectively. HFI index was significantly higher in visit 1 and 2 than visit 3–6 and on average the index decreased by 0.25 points per visit. Within- and between-household variance in the index were 10.6 and 8.8, respectively. The small change in mean monthly HFI index over a single lean season indicated that a seasonal HFI measure may be sufficient for monitoring purposes at population level. Yet, higher variation within households suggests that repeated assessments may be required to avoid risk of misclassification at household level and to target households with the greatest risk of food insecurity.
Neuroprotection of brain-permeable iron chelator VK-28 against intracerebral hemorrhage in mice.

Iron overload plays a key role in the secondary brain damage that develops after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The significant increase in iron deposition is associated with the generation of rea...
Smoking concordance during pregnancy: Are there relationship benefits?

Abstract Objective Couples often engage in similar patterns of behavior, including substance use, and similarity may benefit relationship quality. Such relationship benefits may be especially salient for adolescent and young couples, whose relationships are often unstable and prone to breakups. This study examined the effect of mutual smoking during pregnancy on relationship quality in pregnant adolescent and young adult couples. Methods Couples ( N = 228; M AgeFemale = 18.69; M AgeMale = 21.12) were recruited from obstetrics/gynecology clinics in Connecticut from July 2007 to February 2011. Couples completed measures of recent smoking and relationship quality (i.e. satisfaction, affectional expression, cohesion, and consensus) during pregnancy and at six months postpartum. Data were analyzed using multilevel models to account for interdependence within dyads. Results Discrepant smoking patterns were associated with a reduction in satisfaction and cohesion over time ( B = −1.14, p = 0.03, and, B = −2.74, p = 0.03, respectively), and a reduction in consensus over time for female participants, B = −1.98, p = 0.07, but not for male participants, p = 0.51. Discrepant smoking was not related to affectional expression, p = 0.11. Conclusions Results suggest relationship benefits concordant smoking patterns during pregnancy. Interventions should consider potential unintended relationship consequences of changing individual health behavior and instead work to develop couple-level health interventions.
Calculation of Dual Circle Closure Calibrations using Computer Spreadsheets

This technical note will detail a procedure for simultaneous calibration of two rotary devices by circle closure, along with the necessary calculations. These calculations can be implemented using ...
Correlation of Corneal and Scleral Pneumatonometry in Pediatric Patients

Purpose To study the correlation between corneal and scleral intraocular pressure (IOP) by pneumatonometry in pediatric patients. Design Cross-sectional study. Participants Patients (age range, 0–15 years) undergoing an eye examination under anesthesia or eye surgery were recruited at the University of California, San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital between July 2015 and April 2016. Methods Intraocular pressure measurements were obtained by pneumatonometry on the central cornea and the inferonasal and inferotemporal sclera in a random order. Spearman correlations between corneal versus inferonasal scleral IOP and corneal versus inferotemporal scleral IOP were calculated. A linear mixed-effect model was used to derive a predictive equation for corneal IOP from scleral IOP and to perform covariate analysis for age, axial length, central corneal thickness, and lens status. The standard deviation of the predicted corneal IOP was determined by bootstrap mixed-effect regression analysis. Main Outcome Measures The predictive model of corneal IOP from scleral IOP. Results Seventy-five eyes from 40 patients were included in the study. Spearman correlation coefficient for corneal versus inferotemporal scleral IOP was 0.79 ( P P P = 0.07), lens status ( P = 0.4), age ( P = 0.33), and axial length ( P = 0.15) did not affect significantly the relationship between corneal and scleral IOP in the multivariate regression analysis. The standard deviation of predicted corneal IOP was less than 1.2 mmHg within an inferotemporal scleral IOP range of 10 to 35 mmHg. Conclusions In children, corneal and scleral IOP are correlated significantly when measured by pneumatonometry. Measurements obtained from the inferotemporal sclera are better predictors of corneal IOP than those obtained from inferonasal sclera. Pneumatonometry on the inferotemporal sclera may be an alternative method to estimate IOP for pediatric patients from whom corneal IOP measurement is difficult to obtain.
Creating Individual Surgeon Performance Assessments in a Statewide Hospital Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative.

Background Surgeon performance profiling is of great interest to surgeons, hospitals, health plans, and the public, yet efforts to date have been contested, with stakeholders at odds over the selection, reliability, and validity of metrics used. We sought to create surgeon-level comparative assessments within the Illinois Surgical Quality Improvement Collaborative. Study Design American College of Surgeons NSQIP data were obtained for 51 Illinois hospitals covering a 30-month period from 2014 to 2016. Surgeon-level, risk-adjusted outcomes rates were estimated from 3-level crossed random effects logistic regression models and classified as low, as expected, or high for each of 7 postoperative outcomes. Model intra-class correlations and provider-specific reliability statistics were calculated. Results A total of 123,141 cases were analyzed for 2,724 surgeons. Median provider case volume was 17 (interquartile range 4 to 54). Overall crude complication rates ranged from 0.62% to 7.14% across the 7 outcomes investigated. Surgeon-level variance estimates were low (intra-class correlation coefficients between 0.007 and 0.074). No performance outliers were detected for 3 of the outcomes measures, while a small number of outliers were identified for any morbidity (11 surgeons), surgical site infection (10 surgeons), death or serious morbidity (8 surgeons), and reoperation (1 surgeon). Among all physicians, median reliability was below 0.1 for each outcome. Conclusions Few individual surgeon performance outliers could be detected in NSQIP clinical registry data for a statewide hospital collaborative over a 30-month period using postoperative patient outcomes. Low surgeon-specific case volumes and minimal variance between surgeons may limit the utility of American College of Surgeons NSQIP outcomes measures for individual profiling. Alternative metrics, such as process measures, patient experience, composite measures, or technical skill assessments should be explored for surgeon-level measurement.
The Sound of Silence: Miranda Waivers, Selective Literalism and Social Context

In this essay, the author examines the scholarship of Peter Tiersma and Lawrence Solan in the context of the United States Supreme Court case, Berghuis v. Thompkins, 560 U.S. 370 (2010), which held that a waiver of a suspect’s Miranda right to counsel can be implied through silence. Did the Court reach the correct ruling in Thompkins? As an empirical matter, did Thompkins invoke his right to silence by remaining silent? As a normative matter, should the Court have allowed him to invoke his right to silence by remaining silent? The author asserts that the work of Tiersma and Solan on the interactions (spoken and unspoken) between police and suspects helps to frame and understand these questions. Tiersma and Solan have demonstrated that courts tend to selectively require literal speech when interpreting the utterances of criminal suspects seeking to assert their rights, but not when a suspect’s utterances arguably forego asserting their rights. Likewise, courts interpret indirect language by police in asking for suspect consent to search as though it were a direct request. The courts’ selective literalism fails to take pragmatic information and social context into account when interpreting the speech acts of custodial suspects. Thus, defendants are held to higher linguistic standards than the police, and these selective linguistic modes of interpretation always favor the state over the accused. The author joins Tiersma in arguing that courts should look to the communicative intent of suspects when interpreting whether through words or actions, they wish to invoke their right to silence during police interrogation rather than relying on selective, court-created fictions about what constitutes a freely and voluntarily chosen Miranda waiver.
The School Readiness of Preschoolers from Urban Backgrounds

Recent studies on urban preschoolers’ school readiness have focused on racial differences in performance on standardized assessments. A critical factor in the performance gap between children from White and minority backgrounds is teachers’ ability to work effectively with children from diverse economic and racial backgrounds. In this study, three White, veteran preschool directors in programs that serve children from low-income, minority backgrounds in an urban area shared their perceptions of this problem and ways to address it. This study used a focus group method to find effective professional development models that improve teachers’ practices and urban preschoolers’ school readiness .
Uncertain Associational Relations: Compatibility and Transition Relations in Reasoning

We discuss two different sources of knowledge about uncertain values. The first is property knowledge and the second is process knowledge. We look at the idea of uncertain association between variables. We see that if the knowledge of our uncertainty of the association is expressible in terms of a property, we require the framework of the Dempster—Shafer theory where the association is expressible as a compatibility relation. On the other hand, if our knowledge about the association is process knowledge we come into the framework of Bayesian inference where the association is expressible as a transition matrix.
Adult Intestinal Botulism: A Rare Presentation in an Immunocompromised Patient With Short Bowel Syndrome

The cholinergic heat-labile neurotoxin produced by Clostridium species is primarily responsible for the clinical manifestations of botulism. The classic phenotypic presentation of botulism consists of subacute descending flaccid paralysis with intact sensory function. Traditionally, it is classified into 3 main forms (foodborne, wound-related, and infantile) on the basis of primary site of toxin entry into the human nervous system. Toxemia is the common pathophysiology in all forms of botulism. Adult intestinal toxemia botulism is an extremely rare form of the disease with pathogenesis similar to that of infant-type botulism. Symptomatic adults usually have an anatomic abnormality in the gastrointestinal tract leading to changes in normal gut flora. The current case is an addition to the growing literature on this unusual clinical variant of botulism.
Interfacing with Palliative and End-of-Life Care and Ethical Decisions

The Pediatric psychosomatic medicine is increasingly in the role of collaboration with pediatric palliative care teams. Child psychiatrists bring unique and complementary expertise about a child’s cognitive, emotional and physical development in the context of serious medical illness, especially when there is psychiatric and medical co-morbidity. Through case examples, this chapter offers guidance about improving targeted treatment, quality of life, and outcomes for dying youth and their families.
Pathogenesis of Pouchitis

Abstract Etiology and pathogenesis of pouchitis are likely multifactorial and of multipathway. Clinically, pouchitis represents a spectrum of disease processes with heterogeneous risk factors, clinical features, disease courses, and prognoses. In addition to genetic factors and microbiota, environmental and immunological factors, ischemia/hypoxia, and metabolic factors may contribute to the development of acute pouchitis and/or chronic pouchitis, to a different degree. The stratification of etiopathogenetic pathways will help diagnosis, classification, and management of various forms of pouchitis.
In Vivo RNA Transcriptional/Translational Landscape in X-linked Dystonia - Parkinsonism (XDP/DYT3) Patient-Specific Neuronal Cells (P5.040)

Objective: We aim to identify the genetic underpinning of XDP and study novel transcription and translation products from its locus and genome-wide using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and derived neuronal models. Background: XDP is an understudied X-linked Mendelian disease that could reveal common pathophysiological mechanisms between dystonia and Parkinson disease. The XDP locus is a multi-transcript system including TAF1, a subunit of the general transcription complex TFIID. However, disease-specific genetic variations in XDP/TAF1 locus affect intronic and intergenic regions without functional annotation. Here we describe novel, unbiased approaches to study genome-wide RNA translation and generation of nascent transcripts in vivo in XDP cells. Design/Methods: iPSCs and derived neuronal stem cells from XDP patients and their healthy relatives were analyzed by ribosome profiling and native elongating transcript sequencing (NET-Seq) to detect translation and nascent transcription with a single nucleotide resolution. Results: The translational pattern of XDP1/TAF1 locus revealed that in addition to known exons, there were several unannotated intronic regions, both within and near the TAF1 gene, with novel transcriptional and translational activity in all cell types. We also identified several regions of transcription and translation of TAF1 seen only in cells from XDP patients. These included novel, unannotated intronic regions and also segments of antisense RNA from within and upstream of TAF1 gene with the suggestion of translating peptides. We are in the process of analyzing the genome-wide data for translation of 5′ leader sequences for mRNAs and translation of long noncoding RNAs. Conclusions: The results illustrate the complexity of the XDP/TAF1 locus and raise the possibility that the disease may be, in part, due to novel functional RNAs or overproduced translation products. These findings also exemplify the challenges of identifying genetic defects in Mendelian disorders and the value of genomic approaches beyond research and diagnostic whole exome and whole genome sequencing. Disclosure: Dr. Szekely has nothing to disclose. Dr. Penney has nothing to disclose. Dr. Yang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Bragg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sharma has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weissman has nothing to disclose.
Case 1: A Medically Complex 10-month-old Boy with Lethargy

1. Michael S. Toce, MD, MS*,† 2. Todd W. Lyons, MD, MPH* 1. *Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 2. †Harvard Medical Toxicology Program, Boston, Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA A 10-month-old boy status-post hematopoietic stem cell transplant for leukemia, with type IV renal tubular acidosis secondary to cyclosporine and resolved hypertension, presents to the emergency department with lethargy. He had been difficult to awaken since this morning. His family denies fever, other symptoms suggestive of infection, or trauma. Current medications include cyclosporine, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, and citric acid. His family denies any possibility of unintentional toxic ingestion. On examination he is lethargic, with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 10 (eye opening = 2, verbal = 3, motor = 5). His temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), heart rate is 102 beats/min, respiratory rate is 22 breaths/min, and blood pressure is 84/35 mm Hg. The head is without signs of trauma. Pupillary examination is notable for miosis (2mm-1mm) bilaterally. A nasogastric tube is affixed to the right cheek. There is no meningismus. The chest, cardiac, and abdominal examination results are all within normal limits. The neurologic examination is notable for lethargy but without other focal deficits. A complete blood cell count with a differential count reveals a white blood cell count of 5.6/μL (0.01×109/L) (71% neutrophils), a hemoglobin level of 8.0 g/dL (80 g/L), and a platelet count of 129×103/μL (129×109/L). Serum chemistry values (including calcium, magnesium, and phosphorous) are normal aside from a bicarbonate level of 19 mEq/L (19 mmol/L). A urine toxicology screen is negative for opiates, cannabinoids, benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and cocaine. Findings from …
Clinical Review on the Utility of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Immunocompromised Patients

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) represents a promising management modality for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). In immunocompromised patients, FMT is utilized for CDI as well as emerging non-CDI indications such as inflammatory bowel disease and graft versus host disease. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to shed light on the safety and efficacy of FMT in immunocompromised patients, including patients suffering for human immunodeficiency virus infection, solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, cancer patients, and patients on immunosuppressive therapies. RECENT FINDINGS: Though the body of evidence concerning the use of FMT in immunocompromised is growing, no clinical trials exist to date. Present literature weighs in favor of FMT in immunocompromised patients, with an acceptable adverse effect profile and minimal risk of infectious adverse events. Further large scale studies and randomized controlled trials to validate the utility of FMT in immunocompromised individuals will be a welcomed endeavor.
A Baby-Step to Global Labor Reform: Corporate Codes of Conduct and the Child

The author argues that one of the major causes of exploitative child labor, the multinational corporation (MNC), may well provide a partial solution to the child labor problem. Under circumstances in which conventional processes and institutions of international law have failed and seem likely to continue failing to control child labor, corporate codes of conduct not only hold promise for reducing exploitative child labor, but have already proven useful in achieving that goal. The paper details the problem of exploitative child labor, reviews the international and national efforts to regulate child labor and illustrates how these efforts have largely failed. It goes on to examine the political and cultural difficulties that have impeded attempts to control child labor, reviews extra-legal codes of conduct from the past, and assesses the apparent and potential success of the strategy.
Cervical Spine Fractures: Who Really Needs CT Angiography?

Study Design.Retrospective cohort study.Objective.Compare a novel two-step algorithm for indicating a computed tomography angiography (CTA) in the setting of a cervical spine fracture with established gold standard criteria.Summary of Background Data.As CTA permits the rapid detection of blunt cereb
Realizing the Harper model with ultracold atoms in a ring lattice

We demonstrate that all of the salient features of the Harper-Hofstadter model can be implemented with ultracold atoms trapped in a bichromatic ring-shaped lattice. Using realistic sinusoidal lattice potentials rather than assume the idealized tight-binding picture, we determine the optimal conditions necessary to realize the critical point where the spectrum becomes fractal, and we identify the nature and cause of the departures from the discrete model predictions. We also show that even with a commensurate ring with a few lattice sites, the Aubry-Andr\'e localization transition can be realized. Localized states that behave like edge states with energies that reside in the band gaps can be generated by introducing a surprisingly small local perturbation within the ring. Spectrum oscillation arising from complex coupling can be implemented by uniform rotation of the ring, but with certain significant differences that are explained.
Appropriate Use of Bifactor Analysis in Psychopathology Research: Appreciating Benefits and Limitations.

Abstract Co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders is well documented. Recent quantitative efforts have moved toward an understanding of this phenomenon, with the general psychopathology or p-factor model emerging as the most prominent characterization. Over the past decade, bifactor model analysis has become increasingly popular as a statistical approach to describe common/shared and unique elements in psychopathology. However, recent work has highlighted potential problems with common approaches to evaluating and interpreting bifactor models. Here, we argue that bifactor models, when properly applied and interpreted, can be useful for answering some important questions in psychology and psychiatry research. We review problems with evaluating bifactor models based on global model fit statistics. We then describe more valid approaches to evaluating bifactor models and highlight 3 types of research questions for which bifactor models are well suited to answer. We also discuss the utility and limits of bifactor applications in genetic and neurobiological research. We close by comparing advantages and disadvantages of bifactor models with other analytic approaches and note that no statistical model is a panacea to rectify limitations of the research design used to gather data.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage Outcomes in the Very Elderly.

Abstract Background: There is a paucity of outcomes data in patients over 80 years presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The primary aim of our study is to describe outcomes in this patient population. Method Retrospective study of patients admitted with primary ICH from January 2012 to July 2018. Data were obtained from the Rush University Get With The Guidelines database; only patients 80 or above were included. Results A total of 1713 patients were screened and 220 patients met inclusion criteria. About 68.2% were female and mean age was 85.6 years old. Median ICH score on admission was 2 (IQR 1-3). Location of ICH included: deep (48.2%), lobar (40%), and cerebellum (9.5%). ICH etiologies included hypertensive (51.8%), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (26.8%), coagulopathy (5.9%), and the remaining were undetermined. CT angiograms were performed in 34.5% (n = 76) of patients; of these patients one arteriovenous malformation was identified. Patients underwent the following procedures: external ventricular drains (8.6%), decompression (3.6%), and ventriculoperitoneal shunts (1.8%). Tracheostomy and percutaneous gastrostomy placement were performed in 8.2%. About 4.5% had seizures and 1.5% were treated for status epilepticus. Disposition at hospital discharge included: subacute nursing facility ([SNF] 24.1%), acute rehabilitation (23.2%), hospice (18.2%), death (18.2%), home (11.8%), long-term acute care facility ([LTAC] 3.6%), and unknown (1%). Patients with an ICH score ≥2 on admission had a roughly 6 times higher chance of experiencing an unfavorable outcome (LTAC, SNF, or death), when compared to patients with lower ICH score. Conclusions This study shows that a significant proportion (35%) of ICH patients ≥80 years old have a good outcome, with discharge to home or to rehabilitation. Our data suggest that older patients with ICH presenting with supratentorial hemorrhages (volume
Patch Quality and Diversity of Invariant-Guided Search-Based Program Repair.

Most automatic program repair techniques rely on test cases to specify correct program behavior. Due to test cases' frequently incomplete coverage of desired behavior, however, patches often overfit and fail to generalize to broader requirements. Moreover, in the absence of perfectly correct outputs, methods to ensure higher patch quality, such as merging together several patches or a human evaluating patch recommendations, benefit from having access to a diverse set of patches, making patch diversity a potentially useful trait. We evaluate the correctness and diversity of patches generated by GenProg and an invariant-based diversity-enhancing extension described in our prior work. We find no evidence that promoting diversity changes the correctness of patches in a positive or negative direction. Using invariant- and test case generation-driven metrics for measuring semantic diversity, we find no observed semantic differences between patches for most bugs, regardless of the repair technique used.
Database Programs as a Literature Research Tool for the 1990s Scientist: Surveillance of Neurotoxicology Data1

As the mass of data and literature in any scientific field grows, it becomes increasingly difficult to recall details of early experiments and to relate findings in different studies. Simple database programs are available for the individual scientist to record and manipulate information, to provide a reliable and flexibly updatable memory aid, and to reveal new relationships through (re)organizations of information. Such programs can increase the efficiency of the literature research process and increase writing productivity by orders of magnitude. The use of database programs for literature research is exemplified with a behavioral neurotoxicology database revealing previously unappreciated consistencies in the human worksite research literature. © 1993 Academic Press, Inc.
Tisagenlecleucel in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Review of the Literature and Practical Considerations.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the current literature for tisagenlecleucel in the treatment of relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Data SourcesA literature search of PubMed (i...
Beginning Restorative Activities Very Early: Implementation of an Early Mobility Initiative in a Pediatric Onco-Critical Care Unit.

Introduction: Children with underlying oncologic and hematologic diseases who require critical care services have unique risk factors for developing functional impairments from pediatric post-intensive care syndrome (PICS-p). Early mobilization and rehabilitation programs offer a promising approach for mitigating the effects of PICS-p in oncology patients but have not yet been studied in this high-risk population. Methods: We describe the development and feasibility of implementing an early mobility quality improvement initiative (BRAVE) in a dedicated pediatric onco-critical care unit. Our primary outcomes include the percentage of patients with consults for rehabilitation services within 72 h of admission, the percentage of patients who are mobilized within 72 h of admission, and the percentage of patients with a positive delirium screen after 48 h of admission. Results: Between January 2019 and June 2020, we significantly increased the proportion of patients with consults ordered for rehabilitation services within 72 h of admission from 25% to 56% (p<0.001), increased the percentage of patients who were mobilized within 72 h of admission to the intensive care unit from 21% to 30% (p=0.02), and observed a decrease in patients with positive delirium screens from 43% to 37% (p=0.46). The early mobility initiative did not cause a significant increase in unplanned extubations, lead to the unintentional removal of central venous catheters, or cause injury to patient or staff. Conclusions: Our experience supports the safety and efficacy of early mobility initiatives in pediatric onco-critical care. Additional evaluation is needed to determine the effects of early mobilization on patient outcomes.
Accuracy of Prostate Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Reader Experience Matters.

Abstract Background Prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is increasingly used in the detection, image-guided biopsy, and active surveillance of prostate cancer. The accuracy of prostate MRI may differ based on factors including imaging technique, patient population, and reader experience. Objective To determine whether the accuracy of prostate MRI varies with reader experience. Design, setting, and participants We rescored regions of interest from 194 consecutive patients who had undergone MRI/ultrasonography fusion biopsy. Original prostate MRI scans had been interpreted by one of 33 abdominal radiologists (AR group). More than 14 mo later, rescoring was performed by two blinded, prostate MRI radiologists (PR group). Likert scoring was used for both original MRI reports and rescoring. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Test performance (sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], and negative predictive value [NPV]) of prostate MRI was defined for the AR and PR groups. A Likert score of 4–5 was considered test positive and clinically significant prostate carcinoma (csPCa; Gleason grade group [GGG] ≥2) was considered outcome positive. Results and limitations MRI-positive lesions (Likert 4–5) scored by the PR group resulted in csPCa more frequently than those scored by the AR group (64.9% vs 39.3%). MRI-negative lesions (Likert 2–3) were more likely to result in a clinically insignificant biopsy (benign pathology or GGG 1) when scored by the PR versus the AR group (91.8% vs 76.6%). Sensitivity and specificity of MRI to detect csPCa were higher for the PR group than for the AR group (sensitivity 85.9% vs 70.7%; specificity 77.3% vs 46.8%). Overall diagnostic accuracy was higher for the PR group than for the AR group (80.1% vs 54.6%). Conclusions Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of prostate MRI were higher for the PR group than for the AR group. Patient summary We examined the accuracy of prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in two groups of radiologists. Experienced radiologists were more likely to detect clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI.
Onset and duration of action of lokivetmab in a canine model of IL-31 induced pruritus.

Background Interleukin (IL)-31 is a cytokine involved in allergic inflammation which induces pruritus across species including dogs. Using recombinant canine IL-31 we have developed a model of pruritus in the dog to evaluate onset of action and duration of effect of therapeutic drugs. Objective To assess the onset of action and duration of effect of lokivetmab (Cytopoint) in the IL-31-induced pruritus model. Animals Twenty-four purpose-bred beagle dogs (neutered males, spayed and intact females) 1.5-4.7 years old and weighing between 6 and14 kg. Methods and materials Randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled studies were designed to evaluate the antipruritic properties of lokivetmab. Laboratory beagle dogs were given either placebo, 0.125, 0.5 or 2.0 mg/kg lokivetmab, subcutaneously. IL-31 then was administered to evaluate pruritus 3-5 h post-placebo or -lokivetmab administration as well as one, seven, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days post-dosing. Pruritus was evaluated over a 2 h window in animals by video monitoring and scored using a categorical scoring system. Results When animals were given 2.0 mg/kg lokivetmab, a significant reduction in pruritus was observed at 3-4, 4-5 and 3-5 h post-treatment (P ≤ 0.0001). When animals were given either 0.125, 0.5 or 2 mg/kg lokivetmab, the duration of effect was dose-dependent and statistically significant for 14, 28 and 42 days, respectively (P ≤ 0.0288). Conclusion These data indicate that a single subcutaneous injection of 2 mg/kg lokivetmab produces a significant suppression of pruritus starting 3 h post-treatment that can be sustained for 42 days.
Hamiltonian structure of the gauge-free gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations

The Hamiltonian structure of the gauge-free gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell equations is presented in terms of a Hamiltonian functional and a gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell bracket. The bracket is used to show that the gyrokinetic angular-momentum conservation law can also be expressed in Hamiltonian form. The Jacobi property of the gyrokinetic Vlasov-Maxwell bracket is also demonstrated explicitly.
Thermal Accommodation Coefficients of Helium and Nitrogen on Copper Surfaces

Free molecule flow heat transfer occurs when the predominant mechanism of molecular transport is by direct molecule-wall collisions rather than through a sequence of molecule-molecule collisions. It is generally accepted that a Knudsen number of three or more is sufficient to achieve this condition.
Fracturing of Embrittled Steel Vessels Into Preformed Fragments by Impulsive Loading

In the decommissioning of nuclear power reactors it is desirable to dismantle the highly radioactive pressure vessel by breaking it down into pieces of managable size. In order to minimize the exposure of the staff involved, the time required for this action should be reduced to a minimum. A method is proposed here which employs explosive technology to break the vessel into preformed fragments in a single pass. Experiments using simplified 1:20 scale vessels are described.
Boundary criticality and multifractality at the two-dimensional spin quantum Hall transition

Multifractal scaling of critical wave functions at a disorder-driven (Anderson) localization transition is modified near boundaries of a sample. Here this effect is studied for the example of the spin quantum Hall plateau transition using the supersymmetry technique for disorder averaging. Upon mapping the spin quantum Hall transition to the classical percolation problem with reflecting boundaries, a number of multifractal exponents governing wave-function scaling near a boundary are obtained exactly. Moreover, additional exact boundary scaling exponents of the localization problem are extracted, and the problem is analyzed in other geometries.
Effect of meperidine on uterine contractility

Abstract The effect of 100 mg. of intravenous meperidine on uterine contractility is studied in 45 patients by a continuous recording of amniotic fluid pressure. Seven patients were in spontaneous labor while 38 others were undergoing induction with various oxytocics. Though it is traditionally taught that meperidine decreases uterine contractility, only 3 patients showed decreases while 22 showed significant increases in activity. It is concluded that meperidine does not stop true labor and, instead, that it will be associated with an increase in uterine contractility in a large percentage of patients.
The Convict and the Compensation Law

HE STATUS of a prisoner with respect to his rights under the workmen's compensation laws is one of exceptional interest, particularly at the present time when recent legislation and the increased use of convicts in connection with the war effort have served to focus attention upon the subject. The compensation problems of the prisoner are mainly concerned with whether he is an employee under the workmen's compensation law and, if so, whether he has a right to prosecute a claim for benefits before state and federal commissions. Stated more concisely, these are questions of the prisoner's status (1) as an employee, and (2) as a litigant. I. Status As Employee
Women and Jurisprudence

It is important to reflect on influence that cultural legacy and humanist influence on juridical analysis. These influences, combined with Greco-Roman thought, define the institutions that continue to describe, prescribe, and interpret the law based on a concrete methodology. Western thought emerged when the Greek culture developed the rules of logic that allow for scientific discourse. The Logos of Parmenides laid the first foundations for knowledge. This foundation was based on the canons of identity of the human being and the absence of contradiction, combined with the objective of learning the truth regarding any given object. This process required setting aside one’s beliefs and opinions as paths of reflection, in order to open the doors to reason. The laws of reason demand using a clear methodology to apply principles that lead to scientific knowledge. These reflections provided a conceptual framework for Roman scholars, who first sought to delimit their identities in order to establish their being. This set up a body of rules identifying them as Roman in order to preserve the principle of unity. The logos of the Roman scholar was interpreted by religious magistrates who possessed a monopoly on juridical activity. Thus the legal profession, in its early stages, was inaccessible to most other community members because these magistrates retained power over the rules through which the norms of custom were to be applied; Roman thought gave rise to the terms jus and fas. The early Roman period was managed by a federation of noblemen
Eggshell calcium regulates embryonic growth and calcium transport in an oviparous snake (1100.9)

One hypothesis to explain the high incidence of independent evolutionary transitions from oviparity to viviparity among squamate (snake and lizard) reptile lineages proposed that embryonic developm...
Pelvic endometriosis and Turner's syndrome

ENDOMETRIOSIS iS acommon disease affecting 4% t0 17% of menstruating women. It is found most frequently in ovulatory women. Endometriosis has been described in postmenopausal and surgically castrated women receiving exogenous hormonal replacement treatment.’ Less commonly, the disease is found in such patients who are not receiving hormonal therapy and has been attributed to activation of preexisting disease by endogenous estrogen of an extraovarian source.’ Endometriosis has not been reported in premenarchal female subjects but has been described in an 80-year-old man with bladder involvement following long-term treatment with chlorotrianisene.3 More recently, Doty and associate9 reported endometriosis in a patient with 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis following prolonged therapy with conjugated estrogens and medroxyprogesterone acetate. A case report is presented here of a patient with endometriosis and 45,X Turner’s syndrome.
Carrots and Sticks: How VCs Induce Entrepreneurial Teams to Sell Startups

Venture capitalists (VCs) usually exit their investments in a startup via a trade sale. But the entrepreneurial team – the startup’s founder, other executives, and common shareholders – may resist a trade sale. Such resistance is likely to be particularly intense when the sale price is low relative to VCs’ liquidation preferences. Using a hand-collected dataset of Silicon Valley firms, we investigate how VCs overcome such resistance. We find, in our sample, that VCs give bribes (carrots) to the entrepreneurial team in 45% of trade sales; in these sales, carrots total an average of 9% of deal value. The overt use of coercive tools (sticks) occurs, but only rarely. Our study sheds light on important but underexplored aspects of corporate governance in VC-backed startups and the venture capital ecosystem.
Measuring Musical Originality Using Information Theory

The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of applying the mathematics of information theory to the analysis of musical originality. Originality can be thought of, in information theo...
Contact hole resolution enhancement by post exposure amine treatment (CONPEAT) process

We can print the contact hole pattern beyond the optical resolution limit using resist flow process. But its application has not strong point for the layer having various kinds of contact hole size and duty ratio according to x-axis or y-axis. Nevertheless, for the mass production of sub-150nm design rule device with KrF lithography using resist flow process, moderate shrink bias of below 40nm is required because the CD uniformity gets worse as the shrink bias gets larger by the influence of the hotplate dependency. We developed novel technology of shrinking contact hole using chemically amplified resist. It is generally known that the chemically amplified resist have t- top profile or larger line width when it has too much post exposure delay time at high amine concentration. Using this phenomenon, we intentionally treated amine of hexamethyl disilazane between exposure step and post exposure bake step, so we got smaller contact hole. Pattern profile of contact holes obtained by CONPEAT(CONtact hole resolution enhancement by Post Exposure Amine Treatment) process was fine. The contact size was 190nm with normal process and it was shrunk to 150nm using CONPEAT process. In this paper, we report the novel contact hole shrinkage technology of CONPEAT process. Its process feasibility was studied considering pattern fidelity, shrink bias and CD uniformity. We also introduce the experimental results of super contact hole shrinkage process using both contact hole shrinkage technology of CONPEAT process and resist flow process simultaneously.