cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer and Flowfield Measurements in the Leading Edge Region of a Stator Vane Endwall

The leading edge region of a first-stage stator vane experiences high heat transfer rates, especially near the endwall, making it very important to get a better understanding of the formation of the leading edge vortex. In order to improve numerical predictions of the complex endwall flow, benchmark quality experimental data are required. To this purpose, this study documents the endwall heat transfer and static pressure coefficient distribution of a modern stator vane for two different exit Reynolds numbers (Re ex = 6 x 10 5 and 1.2 x 10 6 ). In addition, laser-Doppler velocimeter measurements of all three components of the mean and fluctuating velocities are presented for a plane in the leading edge region. Results indicate that the endwall heat transfer, pressure distribution, and flowfield characteristics change with Reynolds number. The endwall pressure distributions show that lower pressure coefficients occur at higher Reynolds numbers due to secondary flows. The stronger secondary flows cause enhanced heat transfer near the trailing edge of the vane at the higher Reynolds number. On the other hand, the mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy, and vorticity results indicate that leading edge vortex is stronger and more turbulent at the lower Reynolds number. The Reynolds number also has an effect on the location of the separation point, which moves closer to the stator vane at lower Reynolds numbers.
Control Implications of a Behavioral Trait in Male Horn Flies

This study originated from the knowledge that Haematobia irritans (L.), which inhabit the feet and lower legs of cattle, are predominantly males. When the feet and lower legs of steers infested by horn flies were sprayed twice weekly for 5½ weeks with a residual insecticide the entire horn fly population was eliminated. After 2 and 4 weeks of treatment, reductions were noted in male-to-female ratio and percentage of inseminated females. A similar treatment with dairy herds for 4 weeks held horn fly numbers to a level comparable with that attained by conventional chemical treatments. Male-to-female ratio and percentage of inseminated females also were reduced.
Secant-Like Methods and Modified g-Fractional Calculus

We present local and semilocal convergence results for secant-type methods in order to approximate a locally unique solution of a nonlinear equation in a Banach space setting.
Human neural stem cell-induced endothelial morphogenesis requires autocrine/paracrine and juxtacrine signaling

Transplanted neural stem cells (NSC) interact with the host brain microenvironment. A neovascularization is commonly observed in the vicinity of the cell deposit, which is correlated with behavioral improvements. To elucidate the signaling mechanisms between human NSCs and endothelial cells (ECs), these were cocultured in an in vitro model in which NSC-induced endothelial morphogenesis produced a neurovascular environment. Soluble (autocrine/paracrine) and contact-mediated (juxtacrine) signaling molecules were evaluated for two conditionally immortalized fetal NSC lines derived from the cortical anlage (CTXOE03) and ganglionic eminence (STROC05), as well as an adult EC line (D3) derived from the cerebral microvasculature of a hippocampal biopsy. STROC05 were 4 times as efficient to induce endothelial morphogenesis compared to CTXOE03. The cascade of reciprocal interactions between NSCs and ECs in this process was determined by quantifying soluble factors, receptor mapping, and immunocytochemistry for extracellular matrix molecules. The mechanistic significance of these was further evaluated by pharmacological blockade. The sequential cell-specific regulation of autocrine/paracrine and juxtacrine signaling accounted for the differential efficiency of NSCs to induce endothelial morphogenesis. These in vitro studies shed new light on the reciprocal interactions between NSCs and ECs, which are pivotal for our mechanistic understanding of the efficacy of NSC transplantation.
Instructional Illustrations: Intended Meanings and Learner Interpretations

AbstractInstructional illustrations are widely used in textbooks and have been shown to have the potential to aid learning. However, illustrations that are not understood as their designers intend them to he may waste resources at best and interfere with learning at worst. Learners may recognize images but not understand illustrations when their meanings arc extended by the use of graphical devices. This study examines the interpretations made by 471 participants from 2 countries, 3“’ grade through adult, of simple instructional illustrations. The extent to which their interpretations match the intended meanings of the illustration designers and the characteristics oj their responses are reported.
Galaxy evolution spectroscopic explorer: scientific rationale

GESE is a mission concept consisting of a 1.5-m space telescope and UV multi-object slit spectrograph designed to help understand galaxy evolution in a critical era in the history of the universe, where the rate of star-formation stopped increasing and started to decline. To isolate and identify the various processes driving the evolution of these galaxies, GESE will obtain rest-frame far-UV spectra of 100,000 galaxies at redshifts, z~1-2. To obtain such a large number of spectra, multiplexing over a wide field is an absolute necessity. A slit device such as a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) or a micro-shutter array (MSA) enables spectroscopy of a hundred or more sources in a single exposure while eliminating overlapping spectra of other sources and blocking unwanted background like zodiacal light. We find that a 1.5-m space telescope with a MSA slit device combined with a custom orbit enabling long, uninterrupted exposures (~10 hr) are optimal for this spectroscopic survey. GESE will not be operating alone in this endeavor. Together with x-ray telescopes and optical/near-IR telescopes like Subaru/Prime Focus Spectrograph, GESE will detect “feedback” from young massive stars and massive black holes (AGN’s), and other drivers of galaxy evolution.
Keats, Sexuality, and Tennyson’s Reticence

Tennyson’s debt to Keats has been assumed since his first volumes were published. Many apparent allusions have since been excavated by George Ford and explicated by Harold Bloom.1 Bloom finds Tennyson’s “profound ambivalence to” and “rich repression” of Keats throughout his work.2 Even as the earliest reviewers of Tennyson’s first volumes remarked that Tennyson’s lush poetics seemed to extend Keats’s, both supporters and detractors compared Tennyson in the context of Keats’s rich reputation, noting the language of stunted moral growth and sexual threat used for Keats. John Wilson Croker, who notoriously attacked Keats, wrote in his review of Poems (1833) that Tennyson was “another brighter star of that galaxy or milky way of poetry of which the lamented Keats was the harbinger.”3 Croker emphasizes “milky way” in order to make both poets infants, as if they are still being nursed. And it was Arthur Henry Hallam, Tennyson’s friend, who placed him with Keats as poets whose minds “are especially liable to moral temptations.”4
Tough Choices: How Leaders Make the Hard Decisions

In this section, we will discuss some of the truly hard decisions. How do you fire someone? How do you handle someone who feels that you are unfair to them? What if it is time to sell your practice? Downsize your department?
Vibrational properties of anhydrous and partially hydrated uranyl fluoride

Uranyl fluoride (UO2F2) is a hygroscopic powder with two main structural phases: an anhydrous crystal and a partially hydrated crystal of the same R3¯m symmetry. The formally closed-shell electron structure of anhydrous UO2F2 is amenable to density functional theory calculations. We use density functional perturbation theory (DFPT) to calculate the vibrational frequencies of the anhydrous crystal structure and employ complementary inelastic neutron scattering and temperature-dependent Raman scattering to validate those frequencies. As a model closed-shell actinide, we investigated the effect of LDA, GGA, and non-local vdW functionals as well as the spherically averaged Hubbard +U correction on vibrational frequencies, electronic structure, and geometry of anhydrous UO2F2. A particular choice of Ueff=5.5 eV yields the correct U-Oyl bond distance and vibrational frequencies for the characteristic Eg and A1g modes that are within the resolution of experiment. Inelastic neutron scattering and Raman scattering suggest a degree of water coupling to the lattice vibrations in the more experimentally accessible partially hydrated UO2F2 system, with the symmetric stretching vibration shifted approximately 47 cm-1 lower in energy compared to the anhydrous structure. Evidence of water interaction with the uranyl ion is present from a two-peak decomposition of the uranyl stretching vibration in the Raman spectra and anion-hydrogen stretching vibrations in the inelastic neutron scattering spectra. A first-order dehydration phase transition temperature is definitively identified to be 125 °C using temperature-dependent Raman scattering.
The Livermore Brain: Massive Deep Learning Networks Enabled by High Performance Computing

The proliferation of inexpensive sensor technologies like the ubiquitous digital image sensors has resulted in the collection and sharing of vast amounts of unsorted and unexploited raw data. Companies and governments who are able to collect and make sense of large datasets to help them make better decisions more rapidly will have a competitive advantage in the information era. Machine Learning technologies play a critical role for automating the data understanding process; however, to be maximally effective, useful intermediate representations of the data are required. These representations or “features” are transformations of the raw data into a form where patterns are more easily recognized. Recent breakthroughs in Deep Learning have made it possible to learn these features from large amounts of labeled data. The focus of this project is to develop and extend Deep Learning algorithms for learning features from vast amounts of unlabeled data and to develop the HPC neural network training platform to support the training of massive network models. This LDRD project succeeded in developing new unsupervised feature learning algorithms for images and video and created a scalable neural network training toolkit for HPC. Additionally, this LDRD helped create the world’s largest freely-available image and video datasetmore » supporting open multimedia research and used this dataset for training our deep neural networks. This research helped LLNL capture several work-for-others (WFO) projects, attract new talent, and establish collaborations with leading academic and commercial partners. Finally, this project demonstrated the successful training of the largest unsupervised image neural network using HPC resources and helped establish LLNL leadership at the intersection of Machine Learning and HPC research.« less
An increased rate of fracture occurs a decade earlier in HIV+ compared with HIV- men.

Objectives To determine the incidence of fracture among aging HIV-infected (HIV+) and uninfected men (HIV-). To evaluate factors independently associated with fracture risk. Design Prospective, multicenter cohort study of men with or at risk for HIV. Methods Outcome measures: all fractures (excluding skull, face and digits) and fragility fractures (vertebral column, femur, wrist and humerus) were collected semiannually in 1221 HIV+ and 1408 HIV- men aged at least 40. Adjusted incident rate ratios (aIRR) with an interaction term for age (40-49, 50-59 and ≥60 years) and HIV serostatus were estimated with Poisson regression models accounting for additional risk factors. Results Fracture incidence increased with age among both HIV+ and HIV- men. Although there was no significant difference in fracture incidence by HIV serostatus among men aged 40-49 years, the HIV+ men aged 50-59 years had a significantly higher incidence of all fractures [aIRR: 2.06 (1.49, 2.84)] and fragility fractures [aIRR: 2.06 (1.21, 3.50)] compared with HIV- participants of similar age. HIV modified the effect of age on all fractures (P = 0.002) but did not significantly modify the effect for fragility fractures (P = 0.135). Hypertension increased the rate of all fractures by 32% after adjustment for covariates [aIRR: 1.32 (1.04, 1.69)]. Conclusion Fracture incidence increased with age among HIV+ and HIV- men but was higher among HIV+ men. A significant increase in fracture incidence was found among 50-59-year-old HIV+ men, highlighting the importance of osteoporosis screening for HIV-infected men above the age of 50.
Nonequilibrium BN-ZnO: Optical properties and excitonic effects from first principles

The nonequilibrium boron nitride (BN) phase of zinc oxide (ZnO) has been reported for thin films and nanostructures, however, its properties are not well understood due to a persistent controversy that prevents reconciling experimental and first-principles results for its atomic coordinates. We use first-principles theoretical spectroscopy to accurately compute electronic and optical properties, including single-quasiparticle and excitonic effects: Band structures and densities of states are computed using density functional theory, hybrid functionals, and the $GW$ approximation. Accurate optical absorption spectra and exciton binding energies are computed by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the optical polarization function. Using this data we show that the band-gap difference between BN-ZnO and wurtzite (WZ) ZnO agrees very well with experiment when the theoretical lattice geometry is used, but significantly disagrees for the experimental atomic coordinates. We also show that the optical anisotropy of BN-ZnO differs significantly from that of WZ-ZnO, allowing us to optically distinguish both polymorphs. By using the transfer-matrix method to solve Maxwell's equations for thin films composed of both polymorphs, we illustrate that this opens up a promising route for tuning optical properties.
Online analysis of voltage security in a microgrid using convolutional neural networks

Although connecting a microgrid to modern power systems can alleviate issues arising from a large penetration of distributed generation, it can also cause severe voltage instability problems. This paper presents an online method to analyze voltage security in a microgrid using convolutional neural networks. To transform the traditional voltage stability problem into a classification problem, three steps are considered: 1) creating data sets using offline simulation results; 2) training the model with dimensional reduction and convolutional neural networks; 3) testing the online data set and evaluating performance. A case study in the modified IEEE 14-bus system shows the accuracy of the proposed analysis method increases by 6% compared to back-propagation neural network and has better performance than decision tree and support vector machine. The proposed algorithm has great potential in future applications.
Poly (acrylic acid) grafted gelatin nanocarriers as swelling controlled drug delivery system for optimized release of paclitaxel from modified gelatin

Abstract The present study was undertaken to carry out modification of gelatin by grafting of poly (acrylic acid) onto the backbone of gelatin via free radical polymerization of acrylic acid using potassium persulphate (KPS) as an initiator. The modified gelatin was transformed into nanoparticles following microemulsion crosslinking method and the prepared nanoparticles were investigated as swelling controlled drug delivery system for controlled release of paclitaxel. The structure, morphology and composition of the grafted gelatin nanoparticles (gelatin-g-PAA) were studied using various analytical techniques like FTIR, TEM, SEM, XRD, and zeta potential measurements, and in vitro cytotoxicity of nanoparticles was assayed. The influence of experimental conditions such as chemical composition of poly (acrylic acid) grafted gelatin nanoparticles, pH of the release media, presence of salt and sugar solutions were also investigated on the release profiles of paclitaxel. The data of the drug release processes were analysed kinetically using Ficks power law, zero order, first order and Korsmeyer- Peppas models and a correlation was drawn between the quantity of released drugs and degree of swelling of the nanoparticles.
Integrating remote microphone signals with hearing-aid processing

Remote microphones (RM) are used with hearing aids to provide speech signals free from noise and room reverberation. However, because the RM signal bypasses the acoustics of the head and pinna, it can provide an unnatural signal that is lateralized at the center of the head rather than localized at the talker. A structural binaural model is combined with synthesized early room reflections to provide the missing externalization cues. The effectiveness of this simulation has been demonstrated over headphones using linear amplification to compensate for the hearing loss. In a hearing aid, however, the RM processed signal is combined with the acoustic inputs at the hearing-aid microphones, and the processed hearing-aid output is combined with the reverberated speech that is transmitted through the vent or open fitting. The hearing-aid processing implemented in the experiments described in this presentation includes both linear amplification and wide dynamic-range compression. The externalization, spatial soundfield characteristics, and sound quality provided by the entire signal-processing system are evaluated for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners.Remote microphones (RM) are used with hearing aids to provide speech signals free from noise and room reverberation. However, because the RM signal bypasses the acoustics of the head and pinna, it can provide an unnatural signal that is lateralized at the center of the head rather than localized at the talker. A structural binaural model is combined with synthesized early room reflections to provide the missing externalization cues. The effectiveness of this simulation has been demonstrated over headphones using linear amplification to compensate for the hearing loss. In a hearing aid, however, the RM processed signal is combined with the acoustic inputs at the hearing-aid microphones, and the processed hearing-aid output is combined with the reverberated speech that is transmitted through the vent or open fitting. The hearing-aid processing implemented in the experiments described in this presentation includes both linear amplification and wide dynamic-range compression. The externalization, spatial soun...
The US National Library of Medicine: A Platform for Biomedical Discovery & Data-Powered Health

This talk will address the role of the National Library of Medicine in fostering data-powered health and serving as a platform for biomedical discovery. It will examine emerging trends in the biomedical research landscape, such as the rapid growth of biomedical data sources, shifting paradigms for data sharing and open science, and the changing role of libraries in providing access to digital information. The talk will cover the newly developed long-range vision of the National Library of Medicine, with its triple aim of: 1) accelerating discovery and advancing health through data-driven research; 2) reaching more people in more ways through enhanced dissemination and engagement; and 3) its contributions to building a workforce and populace that is empowered to conduct data-driven research and enabled to optimize health and healthcare delivery through access to new types of health information. This talk will also examine the importance of co-creation, though partnerships and crowdsourcing, to achieve solutions that optimize the roles of government and stakeholders in improving health and healthcare through information resources.
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for heart regeneration

Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of mortality in the USA. Because the regenerative capacity of cardiac tissue is limited, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have emerged as a potential source for cellular-based therapies. However, for these therapies to be effective, sufficient numbers of differentiated cells must be produced and properly sorted, arrhythmias must be avoided, and mechanical force must be produced. In this chapter, we describe directed differentiation of hPSCs into cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs), cell sorting of hPSC-CMs, and electrical, optogenetic and mechanical stimulation of hPSC-CMs for improving their function. Finally, we discuss using hPSC-CMs for disease modeling.
A Mixed Quantum-Classical Approach for Computing Effects of Intramolecular Motion on the Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bond

The fractionation factor is defined as the equilibrium constant for the reaction: R − H + DOH ↔ R − D + HOH. Of interest are values of fractionation factors for reactions where reactants and/or products form intramolecular low-barrier hydrogen bonds. Experimentally measured isotopic fractionation factors are usually interpreted via a one-dimensional potential energy surface along the intrinsic proton hydrogen bond coordinate. Such a one-dimensional picture cannot be completely correct. Intramolecular motions, such as vibrations and librations, can modulate the underlying potential energy surface along the hydrogen bond coordinate and thus affect the isotopic fractionation factor. We have recently generated a picture of the motion of the proton in a low-barrier hydrogen bond as taking place in an effective single-dimensional potential, which we term the potential of mean force (PMF). In this paper, we compute the PMF for a molecule with an intramolecular hydrogen bond in order to quantify the effect of intramolecular motions on the fractionation factor. The PMF and isotopic fractionation factor are computed with a combination of high-level density functional theory and molecular dynamics simulations.
Numerical Error Analysis

The use of numerical methods to approximately solve partial differential equations is widespread, yet the use of error bounds to evaluate the success of the approximation effort appears to be limited. In this section, an error bound inequality presented by Protter and Weinberger (1984) is used to generate useful information regarding the approximation of partial differential equations by numerical methods. The error bound inequality requires only boundary condition error information and approximation error information that can be readily evaluated, and the construction of an error bound function ω(x,y) as described below.
Dynamical Approach to Collective Brain

The concept of the collective brain has appeared recently as a subject of intensive scientific discussions from theological, biological, ecological, social, and mathematical viewpoints. It can be introduced as a set of simple units of intelligence (say, neurons) which can communicate by exchange of information without explicit global control. The objectives of each unit may be partly compatible and partly contradictory, i.e., the units can cooperate or compete. The exchanging information may be at times inconsistent, often imperfect, non-deterministic, and delayed. Nevertheless, observations of working insect colonies, social systems, and scientific communities suggest that such collectives of single units appear to be very successful in achieving global objectives, as well as in learning, memorizing, generalizing and predicting, due to their flexibility, adaptability to environmental changes, and creativity.
Filling in the “Blank Slate”: Examining Newcomers’ Schemas of Supervisors During Organizational Socialization:

Newcomers have little knowledge of the behavioral tendencies of their future supervisors before they join the company; thus, they enter the organization with a “blank slate” regarding their assessm...
Religiosity and Outcomes Among Child Welfare-Involved Youth

Religiosity is understudied among child welfare-involved adolescents. This study examined the effects religiosity on seven outcomes [substance use disorder (SUD), positive future expectations, delinquency, depression, loneliness, school disengagement, and early sexual activity] in order to understand and support child welfare-involved youth and minimize the effects of trauma. Utilizing the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being (Wave I & II), which uses a representative sample of children and adolescents with a child maltreatment report, we used logistic regression to predict each of the seven outcomes longitudinally. Youth (n = 474) who reported that religiosity was very important in Wave I were 53% less likely (OR .47, CI .24–.90, p < .05) to have SUD in Wave II than youth who reported that it was not important or only a little important. In addition, youth (n = 552) who reported that religiosity was very important in Wave I were 2.27 times as likely (CI 1.11–4.65, p < .05) to have positive future expectations in Wave II (e.g., graduate from high school; get a good job). Religiosity did not predict other outcomes nor did attendance to faith-based organizations. In order to help prevent SUD and promote positive future expectations, professionals or caregivers can: (1) assess levels of/religiosity and desire to grow accordingly; and (2) suggest use of resources in the community that foster religiosity.
A new approach for handling missing correlation values for meta‐analytic structural equation modeling: Corboundary R package

With increased use of multivariate meta‐analysis in numerous disciplines, where structural relationships among multiple variables are examined, researchers often encounter a particular challenge due to missing information. The current research concerns missing correlations (rs) in the correlation matrix of m variables (Rm × m) and establish more informative and empirical prior distributions for missing rs in Rm × m. In particular, the method for deriving mathematically/analytically boundaries for missing rs in relation to other adjacent rs in Rm × m, while satisfying conditions for a valid Rm × m (i.e., a symmetric and positive semidefinite correlation matrix containing real numbers between −1 and 1) is first discussed. Then, a user‐defined R package for constructing the empirical distributions of boundaries for rs in Rm × m is demonstrated with an example. Furthermore, the applicability of constructing empirical boundaries for rs in Rm × m beyond multivariate meta‐analysis is discussed.
MiR-34a Interacts with Cytochrome c and Shapes Stroke Outcomes.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction occurs in cerebrovascular diseases and neurodegenerative disorders such as stroke. Opening of the BBB during a stroke has a negative impact on acute outcomes. We have recently demonstrated that miR-34a regulates the BBB by targeting cytochrome c (CYC) in vitro. To investigate the role of miR-34a in a stroke, we purified primary cerebrovascular endothelial cells (pCECs) from mouse brains following 1 h transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) and measured real-time PCR to detect miR-34a levels. We demonstrate that the miR-34a levels are elevated in pCECs from tMCAO mice at the time point of BBB opening following 1 h tMCAO and reperfusion. Interestingly, knockout of miR-34a significantly reduces BBB permeability, alleviates disruption of tight junctions, and improves stroke outcomes compared to wild-type (WT) controls. CYC is decreased in the ischemic hemispheres and pCECs from WT but not in miR-34a-/- mice following stroke reperfusion. We further confirmed CYC is a target of miR-34a by a dural luciferase reporter gene assay in vitro. Our study provides the first description of miR-34a affecting stroke outcomes and may lead to discovery of new mechanisms and treatments for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases such as stroke.
Changes in lymphocyte/monocyte ratio, prognostic marker to predict overall survival in patients with advanced cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor.

3047Background: Immunosuppressive factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) pose a barrier to response to treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Monocytes alter the TME to promote...
Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation for Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), which can be applied without endotracheal airway or tracheostomy, has been used as the first-line device for patients with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) and cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Positive airway pressure (PAP) devices include continuous PAP, bilevel PAP, and adaptive servoventilation. NIPPV can provide favorable physiologic benefits, including improving oxygenation, respiratory mechanics, and pulmonary and systemic hemodynamics. It can also reduce the intubation rate and improve clinical symptoms, resulting in good quality of life and mortality.
International Trade Policy During COVID-19

Recent trade policy implemented to avoid shortages of essential medical equipment amid COVID-19 has been related to the country’s trade imbalances in these goods.
Real-time, simulation-enhanced interprofessional education in the care of older adults with multiple chronic comorbidities: a utilization-focused evaluation

Background Interprofessional education (IPE) is a curricular requirement for all healthcare professional education standards. To foster learning about, from and with each other, consistent with the Interprofessional Education Consortium's Core Competencies, many graduate schools are integrating interprofessional (IP) simulation experiences throughout their educational curricula, providing multiple opportunities for health professional students to collaborate and practice together. High-fidelity, real-time simulations help students from diverse professional backgrounds to apply their classroom learning in realistic clinical situations, utilize mobile technology to access clinical decision support (CDS) software, and receive feedback in a safe setting, ensuring they are practice-ready upon graduation. Methods New York University Rory Meyers College of Nursing (NYU) and Long Island University College of Pharmacy (LIU) partnered for two consecutive years to create, coordinate and implement two interprofessional educational simulations involving patients with chronic cardiovascular disease. A utilization-focused evaluation of high-fidelity, simulation-enhanced IPE (Sim-IPE) was implemented to assess students' IP competencies before and after their participation in the IPE-simulation and their overall satisfaction with the experience. The Interprofessional Collaborative Competency Attainment Survey (ICCAS), a reliable instrument, was administered to both doctor of pharmacy students and primary care advanced practice nursing students before and after each simulation experience. Additionally, student satisfaction surveys were administered following the IPE-simulation. Results Aggregated means revealed statistically significant improvements in each of the six domains including communication, collaboration, roles and responsibilities, collaborative patient/family approach, conflict resolution and team functioning. Student ratings revealed positive experiences with the IPE-simulations. Conclusions High-fidelity, real-time IPE-simulation is a powerful pedagogy to help graduate students from different professional backgrounds practice applying IP competencies in simulated experiences. Quality improvement studies and research studies are needed to assess the impact of high-fidelity, real-time simulations throughout graduate curricula with different types of patients to improve coordinated, team approaches to treatment.
Performance Characteristics of Pulmonary Function Tests for the Detection of Interstitial Lung Disease in Adults With Early Diffuse Cutaneous Systemic Sclerosis.

OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of death in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Although pulmonary function tests (PFTs) are commonly used to screen for ILD in patients with SSc, studies have shown that they lack sensitivity for the detection of ILD in general SSc cohorts. This study was undertaken to assess the performance characteristics of PFTs for the detection of ILD in patients with early diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc), a population at high risk for the development of ILD. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients enrolled in the Prospective Registry of Early Systemic Sclerosis at 11 sites in the US between April 2012 and January 2019. Patients were included if they underwent spirometry and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) of the chest. We calculated the performance characteristics of PFTs for the detection of ILD on HRCT. RESULTS The study included 212 patients, 54% of whom had radiographic ILD. For the detection of ILD on HRCT imaging, a forced vital capacity (FVC) <80% predicted had a sensitivity of 63%. The combination of FVC <80% predicted or diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) <80% predicted improved the sensitivity to 85%. An FVC <80% predicted had a negative predictive value (NPV) of 61%, while the combination of FVC <80% predicted or DLco <80% predicted had an NPV of 70%. CONCLUSION PFTs alone are an inadequate screening tool for the diagnosis of ILD in patients with early dcSSc. HRCT should be part of the ILD screening algorithm in patients with dcSSc.
Patient and procedural risk factors for increased postoperative pain after cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia: a retrospective study.

Abstract Background There is significant interindividual variability in pain experienced after cesarean delivery. The goal of this study was to identify risk factors for increased postoperative pain in women undergoing cesarean delivery under neuraxial anesthesia with neuraxial morphine. Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted (June 1, 2013 to August 25, 2015). Patients were categorized into three groups, according to the weighted area-under-the-curve (AUC) of pain scores within 48 h of surgery, as mild (weighted AUC 0–3), moderate (4–6) or severe (7–10) pain. We evaluated potential factors that could influence variability in pain, including patient demographics, comorbidities, obstetric history, and surgical details. Results A total of 1899 patients were included in the analysis. Pain was mild in 896 patients, moderate in 895, and severe in 108 patients. In the multivariable analysis, the following factors were associated with increased pain severity: history of chronic pain (OR 4.12, 95% CI 1.15 to 14.75]), current tobacco use (2.52, 1.17 to 5.44), pre-existing anxiety (1.93, 1.21 to 3.07), receipt of intra-operative intravenous ketamine or fentanyl (1.56, 1.21 to 2.01), and repeat cesarean delivery (1.54, 1.18 to 2.02). Being of non-Black race and having private health insurance were associated with lower pain severity (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.62 and 0.51, 0.39 to 0.68, respectively). The overall accuracy of the model was 56%. Conclusions Certain patient and procedural factors were associated with higher levels of reported postoperative pain. Patients with those factors may require a more targeted analgesic strategy for post-cesarean delivery pain control.
Origins of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 are often poorly explored in leading publications

In the rush to understand the coronaviruses that threaten human health, authors of many prominent papers have not performed phylogenetic analyses to the standard of the field today. Errors include faulty placement of the root of the phylogeny, outdated methods of reconstruction, poor taxon sampling, inappropriate emphasis on selected functional elements, and inadequate consideration of ambiguity. As a result, certain conclusions regarding the origin of human infections are not supported soundly or are wrong.
Observability-Based Sensor Placement Improves Contaminant Tracing in River Networks

This study presents a new methodology for identifying near-optimal sensor locations for contaminant source tracing in river networks. To establish a physical basis for the problem, we first derive ...
Intraoperative use of indocyanine green and trypan blue mixed with fibrin glue in the excision of periocular cystic lesions.

Abstract Purpose This case series describes the use of tissue fibrin glue mixed with dye to facilitate the excision of eight orbital and periorbital cystic lesions of various complexity. Observations The fibrin glue was colored with indocyanine green dye (ICG) or trypan blue and injected intraoperatively into the lesions. The glue was then allowed to harden, and the lesions were excised. The dyed glue outlined the wall of the cysts, kept them formed and allowed for complete excision with ease. None of the cases had recurrence. As an observation, ICG showed superior delineation than trypan blue. Conclusionsand importance The use of colored fibrin glue is a helpful technique in the delineation and excision of cystic lesions. Delineating the wall of the cyst with the dyed glue simplified the surgery and prevented complications such as injury to surrounding vital structures and reduced the likelihood of recurrence. ICG may be superior to trypan blue but a comparative controlled study is needed to assess the difference.
A global phylogeny of turtles reveals a burst of climate-associated diversification on continental margins.

Living turtles are characterized by extraordinarily low species diversity given their age. The clade’s extensive fossil record indicates that climate and biogeography may have played important roles in determining their diversity. We investigated this hypothesis by collecting a molecular dataset for 591 individual turtles that, together, represent 80% of all turtle species, including representatives of all families and 98% of genera, and used it to jointly estimate phylogeny and divergence times. We found that the turtle tree is characterized by relatively constant diversification (speciation minus extinction) punctuated by a single threefold increase. We also found that this shift is temporally and geographically associated with newly emerged continental margins that appeared during the Eocene−Oligocene transition about 30 million years before present. In apparent contrast, the fossil record from this time period contains evidence for a major, but regional, extinction event. These seemingly discordant findings appear to be driven by a common global process: global cooling and drying at the time of the Eocene−Oligocene transition. This climatic shift led to aridification that drove extinctions in important fossil-bearing areas, while simultaneously exposing new continental margin habitat that subsequently allowed for a burst of speciation associated with these newly exploitable ecological opportunities.
Art therapy in pediatric burn care: A conceptual framework for clinical practice

Highlights • A conceptual framework for art therapy with pediatric burns for three stages of burn treatment- critical, acute, and rehabilitation is presented. • Framework is based on narrative synthesis of research on the psychosocial needs of children with burn injuries, art therapy literature on pediatric burn patients, and medical settings. • Art therapy has the potential to support pediatric burn recovery as a psychosocial intervention for short-term and long-term psychosocial care. Abstract Burn injuries are an unexpected traumatic event and can be physically and emotionally devastating for a child and their families. This article presents a conceptual framework for art therapy practice with pediatric burns, founded on the three stages of burn treatment- critical, acute, and rehabilitation. The framework is based on narrative synthesis of research on the psychosocial needs of children with burn injuries, art therapy literature on pediatric burn patients, as well as in medical settings. Based on the stages of burn recovery, and the role of other relevant stakeholders, the framework provides recommendations for clinical practice of art therapy with children sustaining burn injuries, their caregivers and siblings, and healthcare providers. Robust studies including art therapy as interventions are recommended to determine their effectiveness in addressing the specific psychosocial needs in different stages of pediatric burn care.
Changes in perfusion and diffusion in the endplate regions of degenerating intervertebral discs: a DCE-MRI study.

Purpose Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) was used to investigate the associations between intervertebral disc degeneration and changes in perfusion and diffusion in the disc endplates.
The mathematics of biological oscillators.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the concepts underlying the formation of biological oscillators and the ways they interact to create patterns. A complete description of oscillatory processes and their analysis is impossible, so that a simple model for the glycolytic oscillator serves as a guide for the techniques described in this chapter. First, oscillators and “near oscillators” are described and some typical mechanisms that lead to their behavior are proposed. In so doing, some simple mathematical techniques for analyzing models are presented. There are many ways in which biological materials can interact to cause rhythmicity. Many neuronal systems oscillate owing to two separate interactions: positive feedback and delayed negative feedback. The basic idea is that the positive feedback will cause some quantity to self amplify. This amplification induces a negative feedback, which then shuts the original amplification down, and the process repeats. The effects of external signals on oscillators are discussed in the chapter. The notions of phase and phase resetting curves are defined and applied to the model biochemical oscillator. The chapter presents the coupling of oscillators together into networks and discusses the ways of studying these networks.
Aeroacoustics: Jet noise, combustion and core engine noise

The papers in this volume deal essentially with the question whether the amplification of noise is due to the jet noise phenomenon or perhaps an interaction of airframe and core engine noise. In the area of jet noise suppression, various promising suppressor concepts are examined. The swirling flow jet noise suppressor is shown to provide significant noise reduction with minimal thrust losses. Progress in the aircraft engine core noise problem is reflected by seven research-type papers. Two possible mechanisms are seen to be responsible for core noise. One is the direct noise radiated from the turbulent combustion in the primary combuster and transmitted through the turbine, passing out the nozzle into the far field. The other mechanism is the noise that is emitted from hot spots being convected through the turbine. Which of these mechanisms (or perhaps both mechanisms) is responsible for core noise, and what are the coupling mechanisms of core engine noise and jet noise are the questions confronting researchers.
In Search of the Best Procedure for Enforcing Employment Discrimination Laws: A Comparative Analysis

As our world effectively shrinks, many countries are beginning to reach a striking substantive consensus regarding the prohibition of employment discrimination. Yet, and in sharp contrast, nothing approaching consensus has yet emerged regarding the best procedural method with which to resolve individual claims of employment discrimination. Instead, while countries have struggled, individually, to devise processes that meet a variety of needs, none seems to be satisfied with its efforts. Litigation is slow, costly, and impersonal. Informal processes such as conciliation, mediation, arbitration, or administrative processes aim to be faster and cheaper, but may not result in adequate enforcement of discrimination laws. This Article suggests that by comparing the procedural approaches taken by three countries we can learn a great deal about why it has been so difficult to devise a good procedure for resolving employment discrimination disputes and also gain some significant insights regarding how to better handle such disputes in the future. Specifically, it provides an in-depth examination of how the United States, Britain, and Australia have attempted to handle employment discrimination disputes. This original comparative research reveals that policy makers in each country have typically focused only or primarily on what has and has not worked in their own jurisdiction, and have often devised systems that oscillate, somewhat predictably, between formal systems such as litigation and informal systems such as conciliation. Through examining ten aspects of employment discrimination claims that are common to all three jurisdictions, the Article then offers several key prescriptive insights. First, because it is highly unlikely that any single dispute resolution process will be able to serve all of our public and private interests in resolving employment discrimination claims, it is instead desirable that a jurisdiction offer multiple processes. Second, in designing each of these processes policy makers should focus explicitly on the public and private interests that have been identified, and try to design each process to serve certain of the interests. Whereas public interests are often best served by litigation, private interests are instead often best served by mediation or conciliation. Third, policy makers need to focus on how the selection is made among processes, and by whom, to protect as many of the identified interests as is possible. Finally, this Article contends that while these insights have been drawn from the context of employment discrimination, they will also have applicability to disputes arising in other substantive contexts.
Creating a Prioritized Regional Energy Efficiency Research Agenda

The Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) Office of Technology Innovation and Energy Efficiency Department has recently undertaken an initiative to create a regional energy efficiency technology roadmap for the Pacific Northwest. The goal of the roadmap is to create a research agenda for the Northwest that will provide direction and continuity for the collective efforts engaging commercially-available, near-commercially-available, and deeper R&D technology needs. BPAs Office of Technology Innovation has been using roadmaps to guide their research agenda since the mid 2000s. Technology roadmaps are a one-page graphical representation that BPA uses to draw bright lines between business challenges and the products or solutions needed to solve those challenges. The research agenda is then set by the gaps identified during the process. When it came time to refresh the existing energy efficiency roadmap, BPA invited the region to participate in the creation of a new roadmap. Having the region participate in the creation of the roadmap will create great value for the Pacific Northwest by: Linking strategy to product plans and technology plans Enabling regional coordinated technology planning Focusing on longer-term, goal-oriented planning Improving communication and ownership of plans The resulting roadmap covers residential, commercial, industrial inc. food processing and chp. Technology areas like variable capacity heat pumps for commercial buildings have their own dedicated roadmaps.
Comparing the Constitutional Presidencies of George W. Bush and Barack Obama: War Powers, Signing Statements, Vetoes

Barack Obama campaigned for the presidency in part on a platform of promising to reverse the constitutional excesses of the second Bush presidency. Yet critics of the former law school professor – from both left and right – have been quick to accuse Obama of abandoning that promise by accepting, embracing, and even advancing expansive executive power claims. This paper will examine these criticisms by comparing Bush and Obama constitutional power claims and actions in the areas of war powers, signing statements, and the veto power.
Reaching Back to Jump Forward: Recent Efforts towards a Systems‐Level Hypothesis for an Early RNA World

In the spring of the world: Reductive homologation of cyanidic precursors creates the carbon scaffold for multiple classes of biologically relevant compounds. This chemistry underpins a scenario for the formation of a protometabolism on the way to an RNA world.