cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Susceptibility of Tobacco Leaves to Photoinhibition following Infection with Two Strains of Tobacco Mosaic Virus under Different Light and Nitrogen Nutrition Regimes.

Sensitivity to photoinhibition under high light stress (2000 [mu]mol photons m-2 s-1 for 2 h in air) and recovery from this stress were examined in leaves of control, uninfected tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi) leaves and in leaves in tobacco plants infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) when grown under low light (150–200 [mu]mol photons m-2 s-1) or high light (1200 [mu]mol photons m-2 s-1) with high (8.0 mM) or low (0.5 mM) nitrate supply. Photoinhibition was monitored using the dark-adapted fluorescence parameters variable fluorescence/maximum fluorescence, an indicator of photosynthetic efficiency that correlated well with the quantum yield of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, and initial fluorescence, potentially an indicator of photoinhibitory damage. Susceptibility to photoinhibition was greater in low light- and low nitrogen-grown control plants than in high light- or high nitrogen-treated plants. Compared with uninfected controls, infection with the masked strain PV42 increased susceptibility to photoinhibition only in plants grown under low light/low nitrogen conditions. In expanding leaves, infection with severe strain TMV PV230 markedly accelerated photoinhibition under these conditions and under high light/low nitrogen conditions, even before visible symptoms were evident. High nitrogen levels during growth protected against this accelerated photoinhibitory response to virus infection during light stress and generally promoted recovery, at least prior to symptom development. As symptoms developed, the yellow regions provided evidence for chronic photoinhibitory damage, prior to and during the stress treatment, irrespective of growth conditions. Green regions of leaves showing visible symptoms were generally indistinguishable from control, uninfected plants during photoinhibitory stress and recovery. In developed leaves that remained free of visible symptoms during the experiments, in spite of the accumulation of about the same amounts of virus protein (S. Balachandran, C.B. Osmond, A. Makino [1994] Plant Physiol 104: 1043–1050) infection led to an acceleration of photoinhibition during stress treatments, especially in low light/low nitrogen treatments, in which chronic photoinhibitory damage was evident. These studies suggest a role for photoinhibitory damage in the acceleration of visible symptom development following TMV PV230 infection of expanding leaves, as well as in acceleration of senescence in developed leaves without visible symptoms.
Smoking and selected cardiovascular-respiratory measures.

Abstract The differences between middle-aged smokers and nonsmokers on selected fitness tests were determined on 58 men who volunteered for a physical training program. The nonsmokers (N = 36) were significantly better (.10 level) than smokers (N = 22) on breath holding, vital capacity residual, and area of the brachial pulse wave at rest, but not on several other cardiovascular measures taken at rest, during mental stress, and postexercise. A second study determined the effects of temporary abstinence from smoking on resting cardiac intervals of 10 smokers. Abstinence from the usual pattern of smoking for one day caused significant increases (.10 level) in three (out of four) cardiac intervals.
The Minutemen and Neoliberal State Activity: Towards an Understanding of Private Border Patrols

This paper explores the emergence of the minutemen and other private border patrol organizations as both a response to and outgrowth of neoliberalism. The minutemen oppose many of the effects of neoliberal economic policies such as permeable borders, but support many of its ideological underpinnings and outcomes such as ideologies of personal responsibility and opposition to “Big Government.” While the minutemen and the state engage in collaborative efforts to interdict and apprehend undocumented immigrants at the border, the minutemen do not effectively broaden the state’s ability to successfully stem illicit flows across its borders. Instead, minuteman activities provide valuable ideological and discursive support to the state that further legitimates failed border security efforts. Thus, the minutemen often work in ways that diminish their ability to achieve their organization’s political aims. On the other hand, because the minutemen rely exclusively on Border Patrol agents to apprehend and deport undocumented immigrants, the state empowers minuteman action. Understanding how the minutemen operate and their relationship to the state can thus provide insight into the relationships between civil society and the state under neoliberalism. Doing so can highlight the ways that neoliberalism remains a dominant yet incomplete process rife with contradictory pressures.
Twitter Mining for Discovery, Prediction and Causality: Applications and Methodologies

Twitter has found substantial use in a number of settings. For example, Twitter played a major role in the 'Arab Spring' and has been adopted by a large number of the Fortune 100. All of these and other events have led to a large database of Twitter tweets that has attracted the attention of a number of companies and researchers through what has become known as 'Twitter mining' also known as 'TwitterMining'. This paper analyses some of the approaches used to gather information and knowledge from Twitter for Twitter mining. In addition, this paper reviews a number of the applications that employ Twitter Mining, investigating Twitter information for prediction, discovery and as an informational basis of causation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cultural competence and quality of care: Issues for mental health service delivery in managed care.

Models of mental health service delivery in managed care have evolved without considering the needs of ethnic minorities in any systematic manner. Consequently, these new systems may pose additional barriers to access and treatment. In this article, the impact of the health care crisis on mental health service delivery to ethnic minorities in terms of access, cost, and quality of care issues in managed care systems is explored. A quality-of-care framework is used for addressing the notion of cultural competence as a critical dimension of quality of care for ethnic minority populations. Research in minority mental health and quality of care is integrated in order to explore how various structures, processes, and outcomes in managed care systems (e.g., cost containment structures for controlling the supply and demand of mental health services, utilization management and gatekeeping processes) may impact mental health service delivery to ethnic minorities. Cultural competence is conceptualized as a critical component of quality care for ethnic minority populations.
On High Order Strong Stability Preserving Runge---Kutta and Multi Step Time Discretizations

Strong stability preserving (SSP) high order time discretizations were developed for solution of semi-discrete method of lines approximations of hyperbolic partial differential equations. These high order time discretization methods preserve the strong stability properties---in any norm or seminorm--of the spatial discretization coupled with first order Euler time stepping. This paper describes the development of SSP methods and the recently developed theory which connects the timestep restriction on SSP methods with the theory of monotonicity and contractivity. Optimal explicit SSP Runge---Kutta methods for nonlinear problems and for linear problems as well as implicit Runge---Kutta methods and multi step methods will be collected
Scattering of GeV electrons by light nuclei

The cross section for inclusive scattering of high-energy electrons by $^{2}\mathrm{H}$, $^{3}\mathrm{He}$, and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ with momentum transfer \ensuremath{\Vert}q\ensuremath{\Vert}\ensuremath{\sim}2 GeV/c is calculated using realistic spectral functions. The final-state interaction effects are treated with the correlated Glauber approximation, and the possible occurrence of color transparency is considered. The results are in fair agreement with the SLAC data and confirm the presence of high-momentum components in the deuteron wave function. The final-state interaction effects are significant in $^{3}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{4}\mathrm{He}$, and there seem to be systematic differences between theory and experiment at large \ensuremath{\omega} in $^{4}\mathrm{He}$.
Exact determination of the neutron reflection amplitude or phase

Abstract We show that by using a known reference layer having three tunable values of scattering length density, an exact determination of the complex neutron specular reflection amplitude can be made for any unknown real potential (i.e., in the case where there is no effective absorption). Furthermore, with two such reference layers, one preceeding and the other following the unknown potential of interest, the individual elements of the transfer matrix can be obtained to within a single algebraic sign. These straightforward yet remarkable general results are valid even in the dynamical regime where the conventional Born approximation fails. Thus, it becomes feasible to consider direct solutions of the inverse scattering problem which yield the unknown scattering length density profile normal to the reflecting surface directly and unambiguously from the reflection amplitude.
Laser additive synthesis of high entropy alloy coating on aluminum: Corrosion behavior

High entropy alloy coatings were synthesized on aluminum substrate by laser surface engineering. Dilution from the substrate was minimized with the aid of multi layered coatings. Furthermore, higher laser input energy during processing lead to uniform mixing amongst the components resulting in formation of evenly distributed high entropy alloy phases throughout the matrix. This resulted in enhanced corrosion resistance for the coatings in near neutral NaCl solution.
Post-adhesive yield carrying capacity of single lap joints with voids

Defects in the bulk adhesive have been shown to reduce adhesive joint strength, which, in this paper, assumes an interfacial-type failure. Analysis indicates that voids (gaps) or disbond-type flaws in the adhesive will increase the peak stresses which occur at the joint ends and near the flaw itself. In this work, the shear stresses in the adhesive and the loads in the adherends are obtained for a single lap joint where the adhesive is assumed to undergo elastic-perfectly plastic behavior. Using a shear lag model, the adhesive is divided into yielded, elastic, and void (gap) regions and appropriate continuity conditions are utilized. Two non-dimensional parameters are identified and involve the overlap length of the joint together with the material and geometrical properties of the adherends and the adhesive. It is shown how the stresses are completely characterized by these parameters.The post-yield response is determined by calculating the ratio P0/ P0L, where P0 is the current non-dimensional post-yiel...
N-Substituted 2,3-Dicarboximido-Anthraquinone Dichroic Dyes

Abstract A series of N-substituted 1,4-diamino 2,3-dicarboximido-anthraquinone dyes has been synthesized. The location of the dicarboximido moiety in the 2,3-positions permits the elongation of the molecule in a direction collinear with the major axis of the anthraquinone nucleus by attaching substituents at the imido-N. The resulting dyes have improved order parameters, particularly when a phenyl group is directly bonded to the N.
Butyrate decreases homeobox gene expression in fetal rat lung in culture.† 256

Homeobox transcription factors influence the expression of multiple genes, thereby regulating patterns of differentiation and cell fate. The Hoxa5, b5 and Hex homeobox genes are actively expressed in fetal rat lung, but little is known of their regulation.
Bullous pemphigoid of childhood and coeliac disease. Report of a case.

SUMMARY.— The case of a boy aged 3 with bullous pemphigoid, who also had clinical and pathological evidence of coeliac disease, is described. Two brothers had coeliac disease. The association of the 2 conditions is interesting but it is not suggested on the present evidence that there is a causal relationship between them.
Dynamics in a two-level atom magneto-optical trap

Alkaline-earth-metal atoms present an ideal platform for exploring magneto-optic trap (MOT) dynamics, enabling unique and definitive tests of laser cooling and trapping mechanisms. We have measured the trapping beam intensity, detuning, magnetic-field gradient, trap density, and lifetime dependence of the spring constant $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and damping coefficient $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ for a ${}^{1}{S}_{0}{\ensuremath{-}}^{1}{P}_{1}$ ${}^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ MOT by fitting the oscillatory response of the atom cloud to a step-function force. We find that the observed behavior of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ provide a unified and consistent picture of trap dynamics that agrees with Doppler cooling theory at the level of $10%.$ Additionally, we demonstrate that the trapped atom temperature can be determined directly from measured value of $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ and the trap size, in excellent agreement with free-expansion temperature measurements. However, the experimentally determined temperature is much higher than Doppler cooling theory, implying significant additional heating mechanisms.
The skull in renal osteodystrophy

The skull radiographs of 68 patients undergoing dialysis for chronic renal failure were reviewed for evidence of renal osteodystrophy. Four patients (6%) were positive and the unusually severe changes seen in one patient are described in detail. The changes seen in the skull in renal failure, both before and after treatment, are discussed.
Sources of output fluctuations in the United States during the inter-war and post-war years☆

Abstract This paper attempts to decompose the sources of fluctuations in industry output into: (1) an aggregate (national) shock, (2) industry group specific shocks, and (3) idiosyncratic factors. The empirical methodology is the Engle-Watson dynamic MIMIC model. The work is motivated as an attempt to compare empirically aggregate, ‘single factor’ theories of the cycle with real business cycle theories emphasizing technology shocks. Disaggregate data from the inter-war and post-war periods are examined. Conclusions on the relative importance of the various shocks seem to be dependent on the period being considered. The ‘single index’ theory of the cycle seems more appropriate for the inter-war period.
Assessing CPR training: The willingness of teaching credential candidates to provide CPR in a school setting.

Introduction: The study explores the anticipated willingness of teacher credential candidates at one California public university in the U.S. to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO) skills in a school setting. Objectives included (1) identifying reasons that credential candidates would elect or decline to perform CPR, (2) assisting schools to remediate cardiac/respiratory emergency preparedness, and (3) assessing CPR training courses to determine how they may influence teachers' willingness to perform CPR. Method: Participants included 582 teacher credential candidates, who were 95.2% of those surveyed after completion of a health science course and CPR certification. Participants described their attitudes regarding the importance of CPR, the CPR training course, and their willingness to perform CPR in a school environment. Results: Based upon chi-square analysis, an association was found between the willingness to perform CPR and the presence of any one concern regarding training, with 68.6% of those expressing concerns willing to perform CPR compared to 81.9% of those expressing no concerns (p Conclusions: Attitudes regarding CPR training may influence teachers' willingness to perform CPR. Recommendations based on these findings include pedagogical changes to CPR curricula, focusing on the importance of CPR as a teacher skill and additional time for hands-on practice. Future research should include U.S. and international participants from a broader geographic area and assessment of both learning and affective outcomes.
Child behavioral health service use and caregiver strain: comparison of managed care and fee-for-service Medicaid systems.

This study compares behavioral health service utilization patterns and their determinants among Medicaid-enrolled children, ages 5–17 (N = 676) who were being served under managed care in Tennessee or a traditional fee-for-service system in Mississippi. Children in the fee-for-service program were significantly more likely than their counterparts in the managed care Medicaid program to receive behavioral health services (i.e., any service, support services, traditional outpatient services, day treatment, inpatient/residential care) and to receive more services overall. This finding held after controlling for the influence of other factors. Although child, family, and community variables were related to service use patterns, the relationships differed across systems. Caregiver strain was associated with several service use variables, but its influence was more pronounced in Tennessee. These findings support continued focus on the multi-level factors that shape behavioral health service use among children.
Resonance characteristics of connected subsystems: General configurations

Abstract The theory of connected continuous subsystems developed in the companion paper forms the basic framework in the present paper to study several general and important tuning configurations. The parameters describing the characteristics of the one-mode configurations derived in the companion paper are generalized in the complex configurations studied herein. Additional parameters are also developed which measure the degree of subsystem modal coupling and tuning. These parameters are in terms of the subsystem and main system properties, frequency relationships and support locations and have strong physical interpretations. Closed form expressions are derived for two-mode resonant configurations and reduced eigenvalue problems are developed for configurations with more complicated configurations.
Hear then no more parables: The case against 'Parable'

Scandalous racial ideas are woven into the very fabric of some of the most cherished concepts of modern biblical scholarship. In his book Racializing Jesus, Shawn Kelley argues that race plays an essential role in the construction of a dizzying amount of cherished scholarly categories. Central to his argument is the claim that the category of parable is decidedly problematic because it emerges from, and is rendered coherent by, some of the most toxic elements of modern racialized ideology. Parable scholarship has long drawn its fundamental interpretive ideas from specific, modern views concerning the nature and power of symbolic and metaphoric language. Unfortunately these categories have a long and rather unseemly history, and they derive their power from this history. Behind the moving language of art, freedom and higher consciousness lurk the less appealing world of nationalism, race and ethnic purity. Escaping the later almost certainly means, at least for a time, learning to live without the former. This means that New Testament scholars and historical Jesus scholars would do well to put aside the category of parable. Parable scholarship envisions the powerful words forcing the hearer to make a stark choice, but perhaps the choice belongs instead to the biblical scholars: embrace these aesthetic categories along with their deeply troubling ideological baggage, or give up on the scholarly category of parable in its entirety.
The potential for terbinafine in non-dermatophyte fungal infections with or without skin involvement

Fungal infections with skin involvement in which terbinafine can potentially be used include Malassezia infections such as pityriasis versicolor, seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff; mucosal and cutaneous Candida infections; and the traditional subcutaneous mycoses such as sporotrichosis, chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma and phaeohyphomycosis. The use of terbinafine in the treatment of systemic mycoses such as aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, Pneumocystis carinii infection and Penicillium marneffei infection also needs to be investigated. (J Dermatol Treat (1998) 9(Suppl 1): S35–S38
A Typology of Correctional Officers

This descriptive study examined types of correctional officers in a systematic fashion across four dimensions: orientation toward rule enforcement, orientation toward negotiation or exchange with inmates, extent of norms of mutual obligation toward coworkers, and interest in human service delivery. In-depth interviews were conducted with officers to characterize their approaches to the job and what they perceived as officer styles. A typology was constructed from interviews with 79 officers at two medium-security state correctional institutions. The data indicated that there were distinct and varied types. Rule enforcers, hard liners, and loners reproduced official goals, values, and modes of conduct of the organization. Other types, people workers and synthetic officers, modified formal definitions and imperatives and developed their own norms, values, and ways of doing the job. Still other types identified by respondents rejected or ignored the official organizational goals.
VITAMINS A AND C IN RIPE TOMATOES AS AFFECTED BY STAGE OF RIPENESS AT HARVEST AND BY SUPPLEMENTARY ETHYLENE

The ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and β-carotene (provitamin A) contents of ripe tomatoes harvested at different stages of ripeness or treated with supplementary ethylene were determined. Vitamin C activity in 100g ranged from 15-50% U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) among cultivars. Vitamin C activity was not affected by stage of ripeness at harvest, but was slightly higher in a few cultivars treated with ethylene. The vitamin A activity in 100g ranged from 10-140% U.S. RDA among cultivars. Vitamin A activity was not affected by ethylene, but was slightly higher in ripe fruit that had been harvested ripe than those harvested mature-green. However, fruit harvested mature-green or breaker, the stages at which most fresh market tomatoes are harvested, did not differ in vitamin A activity for three of the four cultivars tested.
Analysis of in-plane wave propagation in hexagonal and re-entrant lattices

Plane wave propagation in hexagonal and re-entrant lattices is investigated through the application of Bloch's theorem. Two-dimensional dispersion relations are estimated and analyzed to illustrate peculiar properties of re-entrant configurations and investigate the directional behavior of hexagonal lattices for varying construction angles. Special attention is devoted to the determination of phase and group wave velocities. Velocity plots are obtained for varying frequency and direction of wave propagation to analyze the dispersion characteristics of the lattices and further investigate their directional characteristics.
Advances in the use and application of plant analysis

Abstract In the past, there have been problems associated with the use of the critical value approach as a foliar diagnostic tool such as the variation in tissue composition on a dry matter basis with age and the wide range in critical values for the same crop published by various workers. In addition, there has been controversy in the literature concerning the use of nutrient concentrations and ratios. These problems are reviewed and investigated in the context of the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) which is the latest approach to foliar diagnosis to appear in the literature. Using data from various sources and for various crops, the case is made that this approach leads to the reduction or elimination of many of the above problems allowing one to make diagnoses over a wide variation in age of crop which rank the nutrients in their order of limiting importance on yield.
Precision measurements of H2(d,p)H3 and H2(d,n)He3 total cross sections at Big Bang nucleosynthesis energies

Recent Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) measurements have determined the baryon density of the Universe ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{b}$ with a precision of about 4%. With ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{b}$ tightly constrained, comparisons of Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) abundance predictions to primordial abundance observations can be made and used to test BBN models and/or to further constrain abundances of isotopes with weak observational limits. To push the limits and improve constraints on BBN models, uncertainties in key nuclear reaction rates must be minimized. To this end, we made new precise measurements of the $^{2}\mathrm{H}$$(d,p)$$^{3}\mathrm{H}$ and $^{2}\mathrm{H}$$(d,n)$$^{3}\mathrm{He}$ total cross sections at lab energies from 110 to 650 keV. A complete fit was performed in energy and angle to both angular distribution and normalization data for both reactions simultaneously. By including parameters for experimental variables in the fit, error correlations between detectors, reactions, and reaction energies were accurately tabulated by computational methods. With uncertainties around $2%\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1%$ scale error, these new measurements significantly improve on the existing data set. At relevant temperatures, by using the data of the present work, both reaction rates are found to be about 7% higher than those in the widely used NACRE (nuclear astrophysics compilation of reaction rates) database. These data will thus lead not only to reduced uncertainties, but also to modifications in the BBN abundance predictions.
Instability of Non-Zonal Baroclinic Flows: Multiple-Scale Analysis

The linear instability of a non-zonal flow can be reduced to an eigenvalue-eigenfunction problem, governed by a nonseparable partial differential equation (Niehaus, 1980). Approximate solutions, found by the method of multiple scales, are derived here and compared with earlier results found using a spectral method. The amplitude maxima are correctly located. The zonal variations of local wavenumber and of amplitude are qualitatively correct, but not sufficiently extreme. Because the method is oversensitive to local conditions, and less sensitive to global constraints, this comparison provides theoretical limits to the possibility of parameterizing transient eddies in terms of the local time mean state of the atmosphere. The method can be extended easily to flows with more realistic vertical structure.
Decreased Skeletal Muscle Intramembrane Charge Movement And Contractile Activation In S100A1 Knock Out Mice

S100A1, a calcium binding protein expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle, modulates Ca2+ signaling. We have previously shown that isolated flexor digitorum brevis (FDB) skeletal muscle fibers from S100A1 knock out (ko) mice exhibit reduced Ca2+ transients with delayed onset in response to single action potentials compared to wild type (wt) FDB fibers (Prosser et al, 2008). Utilizing the potentiometric dye di-8-ANEPPS, we now show no differences in action potential properties between wt and ko fibers. Using whole cell voltage clamp of single isolated fibers we examined surface and transverse tubule membrane electrical properties in wt and ko fibers. Preliminary non-linear capacitive current measurements indicate that maximum charge moved (Qmax) is less in ko than wt fibers (wt Qmax = 43.6 ± 3.4 nC/μF, ko Qmax = 32.0 ± 3.5 nC/μF; p < .05). The temporally delayed, steeply voltage dependent component of intramembrane charge movement at intermediate depolarizations (Qγ) is less pronounced in ko than in wt fibers, consistent with a steeper voltage dependence of charge moved (wt k = 7.2 ± .5, ko k = 10.8 ± 1.2, p < .05). The midpoint voltage of charge moved was not different (wt Vhalf = -26.1 ± 2.8 mV, ko Vhalf = -28.5 ± 1.5 mV). Both the amplitude and the voltage dependence of Cav1 Ca2+ currents were similar in wt and ko fibers. In vivo maximal specific force (force normalized to muscle mass) was significantly decreased in ko compared with wt muscles (wt Po = 1.52 ± .09 g/mg, ko Po = 1.11 ± .09 g/mg; p < .05). These results are consistent with muscles lacking S100A1 having decreased charge moved during membrane depolarization, causing depressed SR Ca2+ release, and ultimately decreased force generation.
Parallel performance tuning for Haskell

Parallel Haskell programming has entered the mainstream with support now included in GHC for multiple parallel programming models, along with multicore execution support in the runtime. However, tuning programs for parallelism is still something of a black art. Without much in the way of feedback provided by the runtime system, it is a matter of trial and error combined with experience to achieve good parallel speedups.This paper describes an early prototype of a parallel profiling system for multicore programming with GHC. The system comprises three parts: fast event tracing in the runtime, a Haskell library for reading the resulting trace files, and a number of tools built on this library for presenting the information to the programmer. We focus on one tool in particular, a graphical timeline browser called ThreadScope.The paper illustrates the use of ThreadScope through a number of case studies, and describes some useful methodologies for parallelizing Haskell programs.
Passing the Torch: The Future of Psychology in Academic Health Centers

From 1993–2006 the Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings (JCPMS) was under the helm of its founding editor, Ron Rozensky, Ph.D., and his editorial board. In 2007 a new editorial board will guide JCPMS. This manuscript outlines the anticipated driving forces for the future of JCPMS and highlights the challenges and opportunities the journal faces.
The social epistemologist in search of a position from which to argue

The relevance of Fuller's version of social epistemology to argumentation theory is highlighted, in response to critics who claim that I am not sufficiently critical of the social grounds of knowledge production. Responding to Lyne, I first consider the strengths and weaknesses of relying on economic images to capture the social. Then, I tackle two contrary objections: Brian Baigrie claims social epistemology is “not social enough,” while Angelo Corlett wonders whether it may be “too social.” Finally, I counter Malcolm Ashmore, who argues that social epistemology is not sensitive to reflexive implications of its own doctrines. I conclude that a rhetoric needs to be forged that enables those wishing to transform knowledge production to make their case plausibly to those whose behavior needs to be changed most. At the moment, science critics preach to the converted, a fate that the social epistemologist should not wish to share.
Phe217 Regulates the Transfer of Allosteric Information across the Subunit Interface of the RecA Protein Filament

Abstract Background: ATP-mediated cooperative assembly of a RecA nucleoprotein filament activates the protein for catalysis of DNA strand exchange. RecA is a classic allosterically regulated enzyme in that ATP binding results in a dramatic increase in ssDNA binding affinity. This increase in ssDNA binding affinity results almost exclusively from an ATP-mediated increase in cooperative filament assembly rather than an increase in the inherent affinity of monomeric RecA for DNA. Therefore, certain residues at the subunit interface must play an important role in transmitting allosteric information across the filament structure of RecA. Results: Using electron microscopic analysis of RecA polymer formation in the absence of DNA, we show that while wild-type RecA undergoes a slight decrease in filament length in the presence of ATP, a Phe217Tyr substitution results in a dramatic ATP-induced increase in cooperative filament assembly. Biosensor DNA binding measurements reveal that the Phe217Tyr mutation increases ATP-mediated cooperative interaction between RecA subunits by more than 250-fold. Conclusions: These studies represent the first identification of a subunit interface residue in RecA (Phe217) that plays a critical role in regulating the flow of ATP-mediated information throughout the protein filament structure. We propose a model by which conformational changes that occur upon ATP binding are propagated through the structure of a RecA monomer, resulting in the insertion of the Phe217 side chain into a pocket in the neighboring subunit. This event serves as a key step in intersubunit communication leading to ATP-mediated cooperative filament assembly and high affinity binding to ssDNA.
Minimizing the diagnosis of "follicular lesion of undetermined significance" and identifying predictive features for neoplasia.

We used proposed standard morphologic criteria as a guideline to conduct a 10-year retrospective review of thyroid fine-needle aspiration specimens that were originally interpreted as “follicular lesion of undetermined significance” and followed by surgical intervention. We sought to investigate whether the indeterminate diagnosis could be minimized by assessing various cytomorphologic features and identifying the features predictive of neoplasia. Using the standard morphologic criteria, we semi-quantitatively assessed a total of 24 cytomorphologic features in 123 aspirates and recorded an overall interpretation on completion of the review. Cyto-histologic correlation was evaluated and logistic regression model was performed to identify cytomorphologic features predictive of neoplasia. Although 32 of 123 aspirates remained in the indeterminate category, the retrospective review reclassified 64 aspirates as non-neoplasia and 27 aspirates as neoplasia. Histologic confirmation was achieved in 47 (73.4%) non-neoplastic and 15 (55.6%) neoplastic aspirates with a diagnostic accuracy of 68.1%. Furthermore, our analysis demonstrated that neoplasia is positively associated with the presence of syncytial tissue fragments, isolated microfollicles, follicles with scalloped borders, scant cytoplasm, irregular nuclear membranes, nuclear overlapping, coarse chromatin, and increased cellularity. On the contrary, the presence of honeycombing tissue fragments, background colloid, and histiocytes inversely correlated with neoplasia. Overall, using proposed standard morphological criteria can minimize the diagnosis of “follicular lesion of undetermined significance,” and allow for more accurate cyto-histologic correlation, and thereby playing a substantial role in reducing unnecessary surgical intervention. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Competing scaling laws in deep inelastic hadron collisions

Abstract Using a variable equivalent to the one proposed by Bloom and Gilman in electroproduction, we show that high p T NAL and ISR data are consistent with the scaling law p n T E d 3 σ /d p 3 = F (2 p T /√ s , θ ) for both n = 4 (scale independence) and n = 8 (e.g. the rearrangement model). The mass scale introduced in the n = 4 model (gluon mass?) is about a factor three larger than the one required for the n = 8 case in order to achieve consistency with the present data. Potentially fruitful experimental explorations are discussed.
Pediatric voice analysis: comparison of 2 computerized analysis systems.

Importance This research contributes to the pediatric objective voice measurement database while identifying comparable measurements between 2 available voice analysis systems. Objective To compare selective normative pediatric acoustic variables between the Multi-Dimensional Voice Program (MDVP) and the Voice Evaluation Suite (VES) computerized voice analysis systems. Additionally, it describes the first comprehensive pediatric database analyzing fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonic ratio using the VES. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study with planned data collection conducted at a tertiary referral otolaryngologic clinic. Participants were 335 children, aged 4 to 18 years, with normal voices. Interventions Objective voice data were collected on the MDVP and the VES systems. Main Outcomes and Measures Fundamental frequency, jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonic ratio. Results The fundamental frequencies agreed with previous pediatric normative values. There was not a statistically significant difference between MDVP and VES measurements of mean fundamental frequency ( P = .23). Jitter percentage ( P P P Conclusions and Relevance These data show that the measured fundamental frequency of normal voices in children is comparable between the MDVP and VES voice analysis systems. Jitter, shimmer, and noise to harmonic ratio values are not interchangeable between voice analysis systems. The voice analysis system should be reported when providing voice measurement outcomes in the literature.
Ferroelectric thin film materials, structures, and microsensors

The paper describes the integration of sol-gel ferroelectric thin films into micromachined sensors and optical detectors, devices which are based on the piezoelectric and pyroelectric effects in Pb(Zr(x)Ti(1-x))O3 and PbTiO3 thin films, respectively. The ferroelectric and surface-micromachining technologies are described, which are compatible with 3-micron CMOS technology. At 297 K and a chopping frequency of 50 Hz, the measured blackbody voltage responsivity of a pyroelectric element with an active area of 7 x 10 exp -4 sq cm was 4.2 x 10 exp 4 V/W and the measured normalized detectivity was 1.0 x 10 exp 9 cm sq-rt Hz/W.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Hybrid Strain-Based Three-Node Flat Triangular Laminated Composite Shell Elements for Vibration Analysis

This note consists of five sections. The present section is an introduction whereas the following section presents the derivation of consistent element mass matrices. The third and fourth sections are concerned with numerical studies of free vibration problems of multilayer plates and multilayer shells, respectively. The last section includes concluding remarks
Computing multi-colored polygonal masks in pipeline architecture and its application to automated visual inspection

New techniques for computing multicolored polygonal masks for image analysis and computer vision applications are presented. The procedures do not require random access of the image memory. They are based on efficient generation of coordinate-reference images (ramps) and other simple general purpose architectural features such as look-up tables. The techniques presented are, unlike their predecessors, highly parallel and can be efficiently implemented in existing pipeline image processors. In addition, we show an architecture in the form of functional building blocks that will enable us to compute polygonal and other masks much faster than commercially available pipeline systems. Extensive motivation and use of the new algorithms for digital visual inspection applications are given throughout.
Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumor: diagnosis and guidelines for management.

Epidural spinal cord compression from metastatic tumors occurs in approximately 5% of cancer patients studied in autopsy series (1). This translated to 18,000 cases annually in the U.S.A. when the cancer death rate was 365,000 cases per year but the number of cases with spinal cord compression is now estimated to be about 25,000 cases per year of the annual 502,000 cancer deaths (5). M oreover, the number ofpatients with this complication is expected to increase because of the advances in cancer treatment that result in increased survival and chronic problems not previously prevalent. Cauda equina compression is included in the discussion since there is no difference in treatment outcome, whether the compression is on the cord or the cauda equina once neurological deficits develop (10, 20). The treatment of epidural spinal cord compression has been relatively unsatisfactory thus far since only approximately one half of patients regain or maintain the ability to walk ( 1). This is due to delayed diagnosis, the lack of clearly established criteria to select treatment modalities, the very limited healing capacity of the injured spinal cord, and the relatively poor local control rate of tumors that produce such injury. With recognition of the markedly diminished quality of life in patients who fail to recover neurologic function, there is an urgent need to re-evaluate the current medical management strategy of this group of patients. The vertebral column is the most common location for metastases to bone from various primary tumor sites because it contains red marrow with extensive circulation including that from Batson’s venous plexus. Metastatic disease is the most common spinal neoplasm (32). The most common primary tumors metastasizing to or involving the spine are lung, breast, prostate, kidney, and hematologic malignancies in decreasing order of frequencies (IO, 15, 21). However, if one considers the tendency for specific malignancies to metastasize to the spine or the epidural space, then multiple myeloma, prostate cancer and renal cell carcinoma seem to have a higher propensity for such metastases than lung cancer, breast cancer or lymphoma ( 15). The primary site of malignancy remains unidentified in approximately 9% of the cases with epidural cord compression. Another 8% of the patients have spinal metastasis as the initial presentation of their malignancy.
Embryogenesis in callus derived from rice microspores

Differentiating calli derived from rice (Oryza sativa L.) microspores were examined histologically. Shoot and root meristems were observed to be arising by both organogenesis as well as embryogenesis. Embryoid attachment to callus (as well as other embryoids) was at the scutellum adjacent to the mesocotyl and radicle. These observations could be interpreted as an indication of the totipotent plasticity of that tissue.
Haptic perception of object distance in a single-strand vibratory web

Can humans, like other animals, perceive distance by mechanical vibrations transmitted in a solid medium? In seven experiments, subjects perceived the distances from the hand of occluded metal disks attached to a taut nylon strand. Mechanical waves were initiated at the hand by the subject or at the disk by the experimenter. The results of Experiments 1 and 2 showed that perceived distance was linearly dependent on object distance with or without practice. The results of Experiments 3 and 4 revealed an inverse dependency of perceived distance on strand tension. In Experiment 5, a constant difference in perceived distance between vertical and horizontal strand manipulations was found. The results of Experiments 6 and 7 showed that distance was perceptible when the mechanical wave was not initiated by the subject. The informational basis for this haptic spatial ability was sought in the dynamics expressed by the one-dimensional wave equation, specifically, in the constants relating strand forces to strand motions.
Parabrachial neuron discharge in the cat is altered during the carbachol-induced REM sleep-like state (DCarb)

Pontine parabrachial neurons have been suggested to play a regulatory role in both respiratory and sleep cycle control. Encouraged by the finding that microinjections of the cholinergic agonist carbachol into the medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF) of the cat produced respiratory changes paralleling those observed during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Neurosci. Lett., 102 (1989) 211-216), this study tested the hypothesis that cholinergic mechanisms in the mPRF can also cause state-dependent changes in the discharge of parabrachial neurons. This paper describes extracellular recordings of parabrachial neurons during REM sleep and during the carbachol-induced REM sleep-like state (DCarb). Cells which were activated (REM-on) or inactivated (REM-off) during REM maintained the same state-dependent firing patterns during the DCarb state. These results support the hypothesis that cholinergic mechanisms in the mPRF can cause state-dependent changes in the discharge of parabrachial neurons.
Are lateral electronic portal images adequate for accurate on-line daily targeting of the prostate? Results of a prospective study.

Abstract The purpose of this report was to evaluate the magnitude of the error that would be introduced if only a lateral (LAT) portal image, as opposed to a pair of orthogonal images, was used to verify and correct daily setup errors and organ motion in external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) of prostate cancer. The 3-dimensional (3D) coordinates of gold markers from 12 consecutive prostate patients were reconstructed using a pair of orthogonal images. The data were re-analyzed using only the LAT images. Couch moves from the 2-dimensional (2D)-only data were compared with the complete 3D data set. The 2D-only data provided couch moves that differed on average from the 3D data by 2.3 ± 3.0, 0.0 ± 0.0, and 0.8 ± 1.0 mm in the Lat, AP, and SI directions, respectively. Along AP and SI axes, the LAT image provided positional information similar to the orthogonal pair. The error along the LAT axis may be acceptable provided lateral margins are large enough. A LAT-only setup protocol reduces patient treatment times and increases patient throughput. In most circumstances, with exceptions such as morbidly obese patients, acquisition of only a LAT image for daily targeting of the prostate will provide adequate positional precision.
Synergy between Teacher Practices and Curricular Scaffolds to Support Students in Using Domain-Specific and Domain-General Knowledge in Writing Arguments to Explain Phenomena.

We investigated how 2 different curricular scaffolds (context-specific vs. generic), teacher instructional practices, and the interaction between these 2 types of support influenced students' learning of science content and their ability to write scientific arguments to explain phenomena. The context-specific scaffolds provided students with hints about the task and what content knowledge to use in or incorporate into their writing. The generic scaffolds supported students in understanding a general framework (i.e., claim, evidence, and reasoning) regardless of the content area or task. This study focused on an 8-week middle school chemistry curriculum that was enacted by 6 teachers with 578 students during the 2004–2005 school year. Analyses of identical pre- and posttests as well as videotapes of teacher enactments revealed that the curricular scaffolds and teacher instructional practices were synergistic in that the effect of the written curricular scaffolds depended on the teacher's enactment of the c...
Mechanism of Action of Salicylates VIII: Effect of Topical Application of Retinoic Acid on Wound-Healing Retardation Action of a Few Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Oral administration of phenylbutazone, oxyphen-butazone, mefenamic acid, flufenamic acid, or indomethacin, like salicylates or corticosteroids, retards skin wound healing in rats. The healing inhibitory action of any one of these anti-inflammatory agents can be reversed by local application of retinoic acid.