cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
3D printing filament recycling for a more sustainable library makerspace

3D printing services are an increasingly popular offering in many academic library makerspaces. However, failed prints, and simply the printing process itself, can generate substantial waste. Throu...
Anatomical landmark localization via convolutional neural networks for limb-length discrepancy measurements

Measurement of limb-length discrepancy (LLD) from a radiograph is a cognitively simple but time-consuming task. To develop a convolutional neural network (CNN) to localize anatomical landmarks from full-length lower-extremity radiographs in predicting LLD. The author searched a hospital’s image database to identify studies performed between Feb. 1, 2016, and Sept. 30, 2019. Inclusion criteria were: (1) patients ≤21 years old, (2) study indication of LLD, (3) full-length lower-extremity anteroposterior radiographs performed on the EOS system, and (4) imaging field-of-view that included entire bilateral femurs and tibias. The six requisite ground truth anatomical landmarks for measuring LLD from each radiograph — bilateral top of femoral heads, medial femoral condyles, and center of tibial plafonds — were manually labeled by a pediatric radiologist. For each landmark, a two-dimensional heatmap was generated to encode the pseudo-probability of a landmark being at a particular spatial location. A CNN was developed that regressed across a collection of these heatmaps for landmark localization and bone length predictions. The study cohort consisted of 504 full-length lower-extremity radiographs from 359 patients with wide ranging skeletal deformities and in situ hardware. Evaluation of this CNN showed that the mean point-error for the predicted top of femoral head, medial femoral condyle, and center of tibial plafond were 0.37 cm, 0.39 cm and 0.42 cm, respectively. The mean absolute error for the predicted femoral, tibial and limb lengths, and LLD were 0.33 cm, 0.30 cm, 0.30 cm, and 0.36 cm, respectively. Predicted bone lengths correlated strongly with ground truth. This prototype CNN delivered promising results in predicting bone lengths from full-length lower-extremity radiographs and offers the potential use of a computer algorithm to predict LLD.
Operative efficiency: comparison of methods to optimize the use of chlorhexidine gluconate applicators.

Summary: Background With the high costs of operating room time, minimizing potential causes of time waste is financially beneficial to surgeons and hospitals. The time needed to activate a chlorhexidine gluconate surgical solution applicator presents an opportunity for optimization. Many techniques are employed to expedite the process, however, there have been no studies comparing these techniques. Aim To determine the most efficient method for utilizing a chlorhexidine gluconate surgical prep applicator. Methods Six techniques were tested to determine which caused the sponge of a Chloraprep™ applicator to become saturated quickest. These were a single squeeze (control), up-and-down shaking, side-to-side shaking, pressing the sponge on a surface (dab), pressing with cotton swabs (poke), and continuously squeezing the lever of the applicator. The time between the internal glass breaking in the applicator to the time of sponge saturation with solution was measured for each technique. Times were then compared to determine which technique best expedited the process. Findings The side-to-side shake, up-and-down shake, and “dab” techniques were each significantly faster than the control group. Side-to-side shaking had the fastest time to sponge saturation on average. The average difference in time to saturation between the side-to-side shake technique and the “poke” technique may be as much as 27.5 seconds. Conclusions Utilization of the side-to-side shake technique, as well as the up-and-down shake and “dab” techniques, significantly expedite the time it takes to use a chlorhexidine gluconate applicator. The time savings from employing these techniques could result in significant financial benefits.
Modeling the Value Recovery of Rare Earth Permanent Magnets at End-of-Life

Permanent magnets containing rare earth elements (REEs) such as Dysprosium and Neodymium offer an advantage over non-REE containing magnets (e.g. ferrite or AlNiCo) in terms of power relative to size. However, REE availability has varied significantly in recent years leading to volatility in the cost of rare earth permanent magnets (REPMs). The supply of REEs can be increased by recycling consumer products and industrial machinery that contain REPMs at product end-of-life (EOL). This paper discusses the REE recovery process for EOL products. The optimal dismantling of products is examined with an emphasis placed on obtaining used REPMs. The challenge of collecting, managing, transporting, and processing used products is addressed through the development of a cost model for REPM recovery. This model is used to investigate several EOL strategies for recovering REPMs. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the key factors that influence value recovery economics. A hard disk drive serves as a case study for model demonstration.
Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: Guidelines for management

Clinically significant symptoms of withdrawal frequently follow the abrupt cessation of alcohol use in alcohol-dependent individuals. Given alcohol-dependence point prevalence rates of at least 10 to 20% in most medical settings, as many as 1 in 5 patients may require treatment for withdrawal symptoms. Recently developed guidelines from the American Society of Addiction Medicine utilised an appraisal of the quality and quantity of research available on pharmacological management of alcohol withdrawal. In light of these guidelines, along with recent advances in the understanding of the biological mechanisms of withdrawal, the procedures for treating patients undergoing alcohol withdrawal are discussed. Inpatient management protocols should administer benzodiazepines for mild to moderate and severe withdrawal symptoms utilising a standardised rating instrument and information from past withdrawal episodes to inform treatment decisions. A symptom-triggered dose schedule can be used in settings with trained staff; a gradual taper dosage regimen is appropriate elsewhere. Carbamazepine and valproic acid (sodium valproate) represent promising pharmacotherapeutic agents, although further research is needed. Outpatient detoxification is also discussed. With appropriate and aggressive treatment, morbidity from alcohol withdrawal can be minimised.
Effects of Three Bacterial Infections on Serum Lipids of Rabbits

Alteration of the rabbit serum lipids as a result of three bacterial infections was studied by quantitative thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. Anthrax infection slightly changed the serum lipid. Cholesterol did not change, though free fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesteryl esters doubled, and lecithin increased threefold. Tularemia infection produced drastic changes in the serum lipid content of rabbits, increasing levels of cholesterol over 4-fold, free fatty acids 17-fold, triglycerides 11-fold, cholesteryl esters 2.5-fold, and lecithin almost 3-fold. Pneumococcus infection increased cholesterol 2.5 times, free fatty acids were more than doubled, triglycerides were increased 9.5 times, and lecithin was increased almost 4 times. Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the methyl esters of free fatty acids showed only quantitative changes in these acids due to infection. Some possible mechanisms of alteration of serum lipid content are discussed.
Photoinhibition of Growth in Acanthamoeba castellanii Cultures

Light from 350 to 680 nm at intensities up to 1.62 x 10(5) ergs per sec per cm(2) slowed exponential growth and lowered the maximum yield in axenic cultures of Acanthamoeba castellanii. Photoinhibition was a linear function of light intensity up to 1.25 x 10(5) ergs per sec per cm(2). At higher intensities, growth was too slow to be measured accurately. A photochemical change occurring in the growth medium on irradiation was a function of light dosage and not intensity per se. Light in dosages which appreciably changed the growth-supporting properties of the medium exceeded the dosages received by exponentially growing cultures during irradiation. Consequently, photoinhibition of growth was attributed to a direct effect of light on the amoebae, not to photodegradation of the medium. The growth-supporting properties of irradiated media could be restored by the addition of yeast extract and Proteose peptone. The reduced growth rate in the light was not due to cyst formation or induction of multinuclearity. Light affected the amoebae either through absorption by intracellular pigment(s) or through binding to the amoebae of a photosensitizing compound in the medium.
Breeding Phenology and Reproductive Success of the Brandt's Cormorant at Three Nearshore Colonies in Central California, 1997-2001

Abstract Brandt's Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus) breeding effort, phenology and success were studied in 1997-2001 at three colonies spanning approximately 200 km of the central California coast: Point Reyes (PR); Devil's Slide Rock and Mainland (DS); and Castle-Hurricane Colony Complex (CH). Breeding effort was reduced at all three colonies in the 1998 El Nino event. Mean clutch initiation dates differed significantly among colonies, with cormorants at the southernmost colony (CH) laying earliest, and those at the northernmost colony (PR) laying latest. Productivity at individual colonies varied greatly among years (range 0.7-2.5 fledglings per pair). Overall colony means were lowest (1.6 fledglings/pair) during the 1998 El Nino event and highest (2.5 fledglings/pair) in the 1999 La Nina event. Productivity at CH (1.7 fledglings/pair) was significantly lower than at PR (2.2 fledglings/pair), and interannual variation was greatest at CH. Late-nesting birds laid fewer eggs, hatched fewer chicks, and...
Effect of carbodiimide as a coupling reagent on the metal binding properties of desferrioxamine

The effect of a carbodiimide on the gallium binding properties of desferrioxamine as a model for interpreting the low specific activity of gallium-labelled desferrioxamine-human serum albumin conjugate prepared using carbodiimide as the coupling reagent was studied. Desferrioxamine was treated with carbodiimide at various mole ratios and pH, before and after labeling with67Ga. Substantial loss of gallium binding capacity resulted when desferrioxamine was treated with carbodiimide prior to labeling, suggesting that the carbodiimide reacts with the hydroxamic acid groups of desferrioxamine and destroys their ability to bind gallium. No significant metal release occurred when desferrioxamine was labeled with gallium prior to carbodiimide treatment, indicating that the presence of the gallium protects the hydroxamic acid troups from the effects of carbodiimide. These results have important implications for preparing high-specific-activity radiopharmaceuticals using bifunctional chelation.
Unusually Low Barrier to Carbamate C−N Rotation

The barrier for rotation about an N-alkylcarbamate C(carbonyl)-N bond is around 16 kcal/mol. In the case of an N-phenylcarbamate, the rotational barrier is lowered to 12.5 kcal/mol, but with N-(2-pyrimidyl)carbamates the barriers are so low (<9 kcal/mol) that the syn and anti rotamers cannot be observed as separate signals by 500 MHz NMR spectroscopy at 183 K. X-ray and computational data show that the N-(2-pyrimidyl) carbamates have C(carbonyl)-N bonds that are on average 0.03 A longer than for related N-phenylcarbamates. The computational results trace the origin of the effect to increased single bond character for the C(carbonyl)-N bond due to the increased electron-withdrawing ability of the pyrimidyl ring.
Identification and characterization of a benzothiophene inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication which acts at the immediate early stage of infection.

Abstract Analysis of a large compound library in a high throughput virus infection assay screen identified the benzothiophene PD146626 as a potent and specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) replication. PD146626 possessed an EC 50 and EC 90 against HSV-1 of 0.1 and 1 μM, respectively, and mediated no detectable cytotoxicity in cells at concentrations up to 1 μM. Western blot analyses and time of addition experiments demonstrated that in the presence of PD146626 HSV-1 underwent a specific block in viral gene expression at the immediate early stage. However, several observations indicated that a cellular function rather than a viral immediate early transactivator protein represented the molecular target for PD146626, including the lack of resistance of VP16 and ICP0 mutant viruses to the compound, the inability to select resistant strains of HSV-1 following exhaustive serial passaging of virus in the presence of the compound, and the sensitivity of human cytomegalovirus, which lacks VP16 and ICP0 homologs, to the compound. Moreover, kinetic studies suggested an unusual pattern of responsiveness of the host cell to PD146626, in that the compound could induce an extended antiviral state in cells after only a brief exposure. Together these results suggest that PD146626 targets a novel cellular function that is critical for the expression of HSV-1 immediate early genes but not host cell genes.
Cellwork topology, its network duals, and some applications—Three-dimensional Karnaugh map and its virtual planar representation

Abstract This paper extends the definitions and properties of well-known network topology to those for the three-dimensional case. Its network dual and retrieval dual, as defined later, are interesting and useful. The adjacency relationship of the Karnaugh map can be effectively described through this approach.
Osteoblast-like cell mineralization induced by multiphasic calcium phosphate ceramic

The work presented here examines the effect of multiphasic CaP materials on the activity of SaOS-2 osteoblast like cells. Heterogeneous calcium phosphate (HCaP) was synthesized using self-propagating high temperature combustion synthesis (SHS). All samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR. Cell culture procedures of HCaP with SaOS-2 cells followed ASTM 813-01. Samples were examined by Environmental SEM (ESEM) and EDS to characterize the mineral content of the cultures. Gold-coated samples were used for high-resolution imaging. Biomineralization was noted in unconditioned cultures exposed to HCaP while the controls (cells only in media and HCaP only in media) showed no mineralization. Calcium phosphate plate-like structures were identified adjacent to cells expressing calcium phosphate containing vesicles. These structures are similar to the organophosphate crystals seen in other published works. Plate-like crystals were noted in the larger membrane vesicles of SaOS-2 cells indicating the occurrence of cellularly mediated biomineralization.
A useful scope for marketing

The debate over the nature and scope of marketing is far from settled, but the desire for change among marketers is apparent. It is urgent that marketers determine what the scope of their field should become as a necessary first step in developing an adequate definition. The effort so far has been somewhat haphazard with a variety of authors-extolling the virtues of their viewpoint. This article represents an attempt to add order to the search for a useful scope for marketing. To achieve this purpose, four norms are developed which seem suitable for testing the scope and definition of marketing. They include the level of abstraction norm, the norm of correspondence, the pragmatic norm, and the norm of simplicity. These four norms are first used to test two extreme positions and then to test a third compromise definition of marketing.
Preliminary mutation analysis in the phenylanaline hydroxylase gene in Greek PKU and HPA patients

The presence of nine mutations in the phenylalanine hydroxlase (PAH) gene, previously described in phenylketonuria (PKU) patients of other Mediterranean and European populations, was assessed in 47 Greek PKU and 3 hyperphenylalaninaemia (HPA) patients. Of the nine mutations investigated, only five were detected, characterizing 31 % of the PKU alleles in our patients.
Ancient age of the Middle Marker Horizon, Onverwacht Group, Swaziland Sequence, South Africa

Abstract Separate laminae of 1–6 mm thickness from a microcrystalline quartz-mica-calcite-bearing sedimentary rock sample from the Middle Marker Horizon of the Onverwacht Group, show concordant Rb-Sr ages within experimental error. A statistical treatment of the data gives an extrapolated value for initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr of 0.7015 ± 0.0018 (2σ) and an apparent age value of 3355 ± 70 (2σ) my, based on 87 Rbλ = 1.39 × 10 −11 yr −1 . The low initial ratio suggests tha effect of metamorphism has been slight and that this data may be fairly close to the time of deposition of the sediments. The Onverwacht Group is of interest because it is the oldest well-preserved sedimentary-volcanic sequence known, and contains an aromatic-type kerogen and microstructures of unknown origin which morphologically resemble fossil algae.
The effect of photoperiod on daily rhythms of Oxygen consumption in the tropical toad,Bufo marinus

Oxygen consumption was measured with an automatic continuously recording electrolysis system in toads acclimated at 15° C and under photoperiods of LD 8∶16, 12∶12, 16∶8, 6∶6, 23∶1 and LL and DD. All groups exposed to LD had pronounced significant daily rhythms with a trough near the onset of the photophase and a peak at the beginning of the scotophase (Figs. 1–3, 9, 10), while no rhythms were detected in animals exposed under free-running conditions of constant light (Figs. 6–7) or constant darkness (Fig. 8), even on the first day under LL or DD. These rhythms are thus shown to be non-circadian, since they do not persist in freerunning conditions of up to 45 days. Some preliminary evidence from studies on locomotor activity (Figs. 12, 13) indicates that the daily rhythm in metabolic rate may be independent of the locomotor activity cycle. The difference in the rate of oxygen consumption during peak and low hours of each daily cycle is defined as the “daily routine metabolic scope”, which may be more useful in ecological studies of animal energetics than the difference between the minimum and a forced maximum metabolic rate. No correlations were found between daily changes in atmospheric pressure and cycles of oxygen consumption.
The Spemann Organizer Signal noggin Binds and Inactivates Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4

Signals released by the Spemann organizer of the amphibian gastrula can directly induce neural tissue from ectoderm and can dorsalize ventral mesoderm to form muscle. The secreted polypeptide noggin mimics these activities and is expressed at the appropriate time and place to participate in the organizer signal. Neural induction and mesoderm dorsalization are antagonized by bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), which induce epidermis and ventral mesoderm instead. Here we report that noggin protein binds BMP4 with high affinity and can abolish BMP4 activity by blocking binding to cognate cell-surface receptors. These data suggest that noggin secreted by the organizer patterns the embryo by interrupting BMP signaling.
The Influence of Various Maintenance Immunosuppressive Drugs on Lymphocele Formation and Treatment After Kidney Transplantation

ABSTRACTPurpose: We compared the incidence of lymphocele formation and treatment in kidney transplant recipients given 3 immunosuppressive drug regimens.Materials and Methods: Consecutive series of adult kidney only recipients, including group 1—152 who received sirolimus/mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/prednisone (P), group 2—168 who received cyclosporine/MMF/P and group 3—193 who received cyclosporine/azathioprine/P, were analyzed for post-transplantation lymphocele formation. All available records and imaging studies were reviewed, such as ultrasound, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging etc, for peritransplant fluid collections greater than 2.5 cm. Demographic characteristics and the risk factors for lymphocele were compared in these 513 recipients using univariate and multivariate analysis.Results: The overall incidence of lymphocele formation was 174 of 513 cases (33.9%) and the incidence of treated lymphoceles was 81 of 513 (15.7%). In groups 1 to 3 the incidence was 45.5%, 33.9% and 24....
Chemical fluctuations due to seasonal and cropping effects on an algal-seagrass community

Abstract Benthic algae as well as blades and short shoots of Thalassia testudinum Banks ex Konig (turtle grass) were collected from caged plots in February, May, and October off Tarpon Springs, Florida in 1 m of water. The study was designed to determine chemical changes in algal and seagrass components from a seasonal and regrowth standpoint. Thalassia blades had ash levels of 30–40% while the algae had levels of 60–70%, both components were cut off at the surface and in plots where all plants were cropped to 5 cm above the substrate. Protein levels ranged from 3 to 12% for turtle grass and 2 to 5% for algae with highest levels in the spring and in regrowth plots. Soluble carbohydrate levels were 3–12% for turtle grass and 6–10% for the algae with highest levels in the late spring and fall. Calculated energy levels were constant over the year (1.75 to 1.80 × 10 4 l/g organic wt.) for both Thalassia and the algal components. The study demonstrated that the algal component was energetically equal in importance to turtle grass.
Correctly detecting intrinsic type errors in typeless languages such as MATLAB

Among the main impediments that languages such as MATLAB and APL present to a compiler is the lack of an explicit declaration for a variable's type, The determination of this important attribute could allow a compiler to generate more efficient code, and is a problem that has been extensively studied in the past. This paper revisits this problem but unlike prior efforts, the objective is a uniform approach to type estimation that also accommodates type incorrect programs in a way that facilitates stronger type error detection through the exact localization of the type error at run time. We also show how our methodology makes it possible to further reduce the run-time overhead due to type conformability checking. The techniques are clearly demonstrated by applying them to deduce the intrinsic types of program variables in the MATLAB language.
Distribution and development of dopamine- and octopamine-synthesizing neurons in the medicinal leech.

Although the medicinal leech is a well-studied system in which many neurons and circuits have been identified with precision, descriptions of the distributions of some of the major biogenic amines, such as dopamine (DA) and octopamine (OA), have yet to be completed. In the European medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis and the American medicinal leech Macrobdella decora,we have presented the first immunohistochemical study of DA neurons in the entire central nervous system, and of OA-immunoreactive (ir) neurons in the head and tail brains. Dopaminergic neurons were identified using the glyoxylic acid method and antisera to DA and its rate-limiting synthetic enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Octopaminergic neurons were recognized using a highly specific antiserum raised against OA. An antibody raised against DA-β-hydroxylase (DβH), the mammalian enzyme that converts DA to norepinephrine (NE), was found to immunostain OA-ir neurons. This antibody appears to cross-react with the closely related invertebrate enzyme tyramine-β-hydroxylase, which converts tyramine to OA, suggesting that the OA-ir cells are indeed octopaminergic, capable of synthesizing OA. Because the DβH antiserum selectively immunostained the OA-ir neurons, but not the DA-synthesizing cells, our results also indicate that the DA-ir neurons synthesize DA and not NE as their end product. The expression of TH immunoreactivity was found to emerge relatively early in development, on embryonic day 9 (47–48% of development). In contrast, OA expression remained absent as late as embryonic day 20. Higher order processes of some of the dopaminergic and octopaminergic neurons in the adult brain were observed to project to a region previously described as a neurohemal complex. Several TH-ir processes were also seen in the stomatogastric nerve ring, suggesting that DA may play a role in the regulation of biting behavior. By mapping the distributions and developmental expression pattern of DA and OA neurons in the leech, we aim to gain a better understanding of the functional roles of aminergic neurons and how they influence behavior.J. Comp. Neurol. 442:115–129, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Inflammation as a predictive biomarker for response to omega-3 fatty acids in major depressive disorder: a proof-of-concept study

This study explores whether inflammatory biomarkers act as moderators of clinical response to omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids in subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD). One hundred fifty-five subjects with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV) MDD, a baseline 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) score ⩾ 15 and baseline biomarker data (interleukin (IL)-1ra, IL-6, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), leptin and adiponectin) were randomized between 18 May 2006 and 30 June 2011 to 8 weeks of double-blind treatment with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched n-3 1060 mg day(-1), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-enriched n-3 900 mg day(-1) or placebo. Outcomes were determined using mixed model repeated measures analysis for 'high' and 'low' inflammation groups based on individual and combined biomarkers. Results are presented in terms of standardized treatment effect size (ES) for change in HAM-D-17 from baseline to treatment week 8. Although overall treatment group differences were negligible (ES=-0.13 to +0.04), subjects with any 'high' inflammation improved more on EPA than placebo (ES=-0.39) or DHA (ES=-0.60) and less on DHA than placebo (ES=+0.21); furthermore, EPA-placebo separation increased with increasing numbers of markers of high inflammation. Subjects randomized to EPA with 'high' IL-1ra or hs-CRP or low adiponectin ('high' inflammation) had medium ES decreases in HAM-D-17 scores vs subjects 'low' on these biomarkers. Subjects with 'high' hs-CRP, IL-6 or leptin were less placebo-responsive than subjects with low levels of these biomarkers (medium to large ES differences). Employing multiple markers of inflammation facilitated identification of a more homogeneous cohort of subjects with MDD responding to EPA vs placebo in our cohort. Studies are needed to replicate and extend this proof-of-concept work.
Central nervous system control of metabolism

Although it is a widely held thought that direct hormone action on peripheral tissues is sufficient to mediate the control of nutrient handling, the role of the central nervous system in certain aspects of metabolism has long been recognized. Furthermore, recent findings have suggested a more general role for the central nervous system in metabolic control, and have revealed the importance of a number of cues and hypothalamic circuits. The brain's contributions to metabolic control are more readily revealed and play a crucial part in catabolic states or in hormone deficiencies that mimic starvation.
Integrated modeling framework for leasing urban roads: A case study of Fresno, California

Abstract Increasing private sector involvement in transportation services has significant implications for the management of road networks. This paper examines a concession model’s effects on a road network in the mid-sized city of Fresno, California. Using the existing transportation planning models of Fresno, we examine the effects of privatization on a number of typical system performance measures including total travel time and vehicle miles traveled (VMT), the possibility of including arterials, and the differences between social cost prices and profit maximizing prices. Some interesting insights emerge from our analysis: (1) roads cannot be considered as isolated elements in a concession model for a road network; (2) roads can function as complements at some levels of demand and become substitutes at other levels; (3) policy makers/officials should consider privatizing/pricing arterials along with privatizing highways; (4) temporally flexible but limited price schedule regulations should be part of leasing agreements; and (5) non-restricted pricing may actually worsen system performance, while limited pricing can raise enormous profits as well as improve system performance.
Prosodic Morphology in Four Chinese Dialects.

Yanggu, Anxiang and Yuanyang diminutives and Cantonese familiar name formation are examined in the light of recent advances in our understanding of the role of prosodic categories (mora, syllable foot) in phonology and morphology. Evidence is given for the role played by the bi-moraic syllable and the iambic foot as output templates, and for the syllable as a target for truncation. The Yanggu data also argues for extending the notion of Prosodic Licensing to the featural level, and supports the claim that both laterals and front vowels have Coronal nodes. These results, drawn from a language family whose prosodic phenomena (other than tone) are not at first glance very rich, lend strong support to the growing body of research in prosodic morphology, in particular to the pioneering work of McCarthy and Prince (1986, 1990). Chinese dialects tend to show little traditional evidence for prosodic structure. The syllable is largely co-extensive with the morpheme, and resyllabification is very limited. Many dialects (e.g. Cantonese) lack noticeable stress, so the metrical foot is well-concealed. Despite this, the units and principles of prosody play a role even in Chinese, suggesting that these notions are indeed part of the primitive set made available by Universal Grammar.
Preventing and treating orthostatic hypotension: As easy as A, B, C

Orthostatic hypotension is a chronic, debilitating illness that is difficult to treat. The therapeutic goal is to improve postural symptoms, standing time, and function rather than to achieve upright normotension, which can lead to supine hypertension. Drug therapy alone is never adequate. Because orthostatic stress varies with circumstances during the day, a patient-oriented approach that emphasizes education and nonpharmacologic strategies is critical. We provide easy-to-remember management recommendations, using a combination of drug and nondrug treatments that have proven efficacious.
Wakefield effects of auxiliary beamline elements

Abstract This article describes wakefields of a collection of auxiliary beamline elements. These elements include apertures used as emittance filters and energy-spread limiting slits. Some comments on the design of a shielding plate for reducing wakefields from beamline discontinuities are also given.
Method‐Based Differences in the Automated Analysis of the Three‐Dimensional Morphology of Trabecular Bone

The three-dimensional (3D) morphology of trabecular bone is frequently quantified using computer programs. However, there are no standardized implementations of morphology programs and many variations are possible. Even though programs may use the same basic method, results can be significantly different because of differences in implementation. Morphology data from different laboratories therefore may not be comparable. The method of directed secants, with parallel plate assumptions, is commonly used to quantify 3D morphology. We examined the effect of several variations in the implementation of this method on measurements of trabecular plate number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness, and trabecular spacing. Three-dimensional micromagnetic resonance images of 10 bovine trabecular bone specimens were analyzed using several variations of the directed secant method. An analysis of covariance with repeated measures suggested that variations in the algorithm used to count test line intersections, variations in the criteria used to classify a test coordinate as bone or marrow, and variations in the number of test grid rotations had significant effects on Tb.N (p < 0.0001). The largest difference in Tb.N (52%) was due to the method used to count test line intersections with the bone-marrow interface. Variations in the classification algorithm and variations in the number of test line grid rotations resulted in a 6% difference in Tb.N. The spacing of the test line grids did not affect Tb.N (p = 0.28), and all differences were independent of volume fraction (p = 0.67). These data show that there can be significant differences in trabecular bone morphology measurements due only to the method used for the measurements. To facilitate comparisons between laboratories, we have made validated computer programs to measure trabecular bone morphology available over the Internet.
Quadrotors and Accelerometers: State Estimation with an Improved Dynamic Model

Results are presented that quantify how velocity and attitude estimates can benefit from an improvement to the traditional quadrotor dynamic model. The improved model allows accelerometer measurements, which are routinely available at high rates, to reduce an estimator's dependence on complex exteroceptive measurements, such as those obtained by an onboard camera or laser range finder.
Our Student Soldiers: Lessons From the North and Left

Contrary to expectation, an academic leftist advocates for students in the military, having observed these students' consistently excellent performance over 12 years of teaching philosophy and humanities. This excellence is attributed to the development of character and the acquisition of virtue, offering lessons for teachers and students alike. The author reminds fellow liberal academics of issues and responsibilities they may face regarding students in the military, and encourages greater responsiveness on the part of faculty and administration to returning veterans in the classroom.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of inorganic fluorides VI. Magnetic nonequivalence in Bis(perfluorovinyl)mercury

Fluorine magnetic resonance and 19F{199Hg} resonance spectra of bis(perfluorovinyl)mercury and methyl(perfluorovinyl)mercury have been observed. Proton resonance and 1H{199Hg} spectra of methyl(perfluorovinyl)mercury and dimethylmercury have also been observed. The magnitudes and signs of all possible F-F, F-Hg, and H-Hg coupling constants in these three compounds have been determined. The spectrum of bis(perfluorovinyl)mercury calculated from the determined parameters is in excellent agreement with observation and the presence of long-range F-F coupling constants in this molecule, none of which are zero, verifies an earlier suggestion as to the reason for the complexity of the spectrum. The fluorine chemical shifts and F-F coupling constants within a perfluorovinyl group are within the previously reported range for these paramters. The mercury chemical shifts determined by INDOR spectroscopy are as follows: dimethylmercury 0 (reference), methyl(perfluorovinyl)mercury + 482 ± 3 ppm, bis(perfluorovinyl)mercury + 957 ± 3 ppm.
Hypermedicalization in White Noise.

The Nazis hijacked Germany’s medical establishment and appropriated medical language to hegemonize their ideology. In White Noise, shifting medical information stifles the public into docility. In Nazi Germany the primacy of language and medical authority magnified the importance of academic doctors. The muddling of identities caused complex insecurities and the need for psychological doubles. In White Noise, Professor Gladney is driven by professional insecurities to enact a double in Murray. Through the manipulation of language and medical overreach the U.S., exemplified in the novel White Noise, has become a hypermedicalized society where the spirit of the Hippocratic Oath has eroded.
n-rational algebras II. varieties and logic of inequalities

This work is a continuation of the study of n-rational algebras initiated in the first part of this paper [SIAM J. Comput.,13 (1984), pp.750–775.]. In this second part, varieties of n-rational algebras satisfying a set of inequalities and the corresponding logic are investigated. It is shown that there is a bijective Galois connection between such varieties, called semi-varieties, and “fully invariant” n-rational precongruences. A deductive system for proving inequalities in which a proof is represented as a well-founded tree is shown to be sound and complete. This proof system uses one infinitary inference rule, the “lub rule”. A “Birkhoff variety theorem” is also proved for semi-varieties. The relationship between this approach in which classes of interpretations are semi-varieties of n-rational algebras, and the approach in which $\omega $-continuous algebras are used (Courcelle, Nivat, Guessarian) is also briefly explored.
LISA data reduction

Abstract The passage of gravitational waves changes the arm lengths between corners of the LISA spacecraft formation. These changes are detected interferometrically and recorded as phase measurements. The time series are reduced to reveal several signal types. First, the strong periodic signals from all types of galactic binaries and any strong chirped signals are identified by template fitting, and removed. Then weak, periodic signals and poorly characterized signals (e.g., generic bursts) are searched for. Next, weak signals with complex waveforms, such as from compact objects orbiting massive black holes, are sought with templates. Genetic algorithms, template structure or hierarchical searches are used to efficiently search the very large parameter space. Finally, backgrounds from galactic binaries, extragalactic binaries and the Big Bang will/may be separable by their signatures.
Exploring News Coverage of Femicide: Does Reporting the News Add Insult to Injury?

The news media help shape society's perception of social problems as well as public opinion of victims and offenders. Currently, there is extensive research devoted to the media's portrayal of violence against women but very little examination of femicide (for purposes of this research, defined as the murder of female intimate partners). Using newspaper coverage of femicide cases across the state of North Carolina over a 6-year period (995 articles representing 299 cases), the current study examines the news media's use of direct and indirect victim-blaming language, the sources cited in femicide reporting, and whether femicide cases are contextualized as an individual problem or within the broader social issue of intimate partner violence (IPV). Consistent with previous research, findings indicate that public sources (i.e., law enforcement) were the most commonly cited sources of information in news coverage of femicide compared to private sources (i.e., friends and family); however, domestic violence experts are cited more often than in prior studies. In addition, direct and indirect victim-blaming language is not as pervasive as previous research has suggested. Finally, the percentage of articles that contextualized the femicide as IPV is lower than that found in prior studies of femicide. Implications of these findings and future research are discussed.
Recent Literature in Discovery History

Primary sources: new or reprint editions/anthologies Agnarsdottir, Anna. The Iceland Journals and Correspondence of Joseph Banks, 1772–1820. London: Hakluyt Society, 2013. Chambers, Neil. Indian and Pacific Correspondence of Sir Joseph Banks, 1768–1820. London: Pickering & Chatto Ltd, 2013. Souza, George and Jeff Turley. The Commentaries of Don Garcia de Silva y Figueroa. London: Hakluyt Society, 2013.
Doppler radar sensor positioning in a fall detection system

Falling is a common health problem for more than a third of the United States population over 65. We are currently developing a Doppler radar based fall detection system that already has showed promising results. In this paper, we study the sensor positioning in the environment with respect to the subject. We investigate three sensor positions, floor, wall and ceiling of the room, in two experimental configurations. Within each system configuration, subjects performed falls towards or across the radar sensors. We collected 90 falls and 341 non falls for the first configuration and 126 falls and 817 non falls for the second one. Radar signature classification was performed using a SVM classifier. Fall detection performance was evaluated using the area under the ROC curves (AUCs) for each sensor deployment. We found that a fall is more likely to be detected if the subject is falling toward or away from the sensor and a ceiling Doppler radar is more reliable for fall detection than a wall mounted one.
Fully solution processed p-i-n organic solar cells with an industrial pigment – Quinacridone

We report solution processed organic solar cells with quinacridone (QA), an industrial pigment, as the electron donor. Applying simple spin casting and thermal annealing, trilayer devices with a pure donor (p) layer, a bulk heterojunction (i) layer, and a pure acceptor (n) layer have been fabricated. Tert-butoxycarbonyl quinacridone (t-BOC QA), a soluble yellow precursor of industrial red pigment of quinacridone, was synthesized by replacing the H atom of the NH group on QA with a t-BOC group. Uniform thin films were prepared by spin casting t-BOC QA solutions, which could be converted into insoluble thin films by thermal treatment to remove the solubilizing groups. This conversion allowed for the subsequent depositions of multiple layers without the use of orthogonal solvents. The p-i-n devices showed much higher device performance than their bilayer and simple bulk heterojunction counterparts, exhibiting power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) as high as 0.83%.
Why Engaging in Mathematical Practices May Explain Stronger Outcomes in Affect and Engagement: Comparing Student-Driven With Highly Guided Inquiry

This article investigates why students reported liking a student-driven learning design better than a highly guided design despite equivalent gains in knowledge assessments in both conditions. We created two learning designs based on the distinction in the literature between student-driven and teacher-led approaches. One teacher assigned each of her two 5th-grade classes to one design (n = 52); both designs addressed the mathematical concepts for the same amount of time. Data were collected using written assessments, surveys, and video. Students in both classes improved equivalently on assessments. On surveys, students in the student-driven condition were significantly more positive about learning. Video was coded to examine why students were more positive in the student-driven design. This analysis showed students engaging more frequently with data in discussing strategies, questioning peers, and aligning outcomes with prior experiences. We trace the association between students’ positive responses to le...
Influence of a televised model's vocalization pattern on infants☆

Abstract To assess the influence of a televised model's vocalizations on the vocal patterns of infant viewers, 32 infants at 6 months of age were presented either a televised adult model repeating a novel phoneme pattern (/ba/ba/ba/ba) or a control televised presentation of adult conversation selected from typical daytime programming. Sequential analyses of infant vocalizations revealed that infants exposed to the televised model altered their vocalization pattern, as indicated by a significant increase over base line levels in their production of a patterned series of discrete vocalizations. Infants exposed to the televised conversation showned no increase in this pattern of vocalization, and none of the infants in the study produced the novel phoneme (/ba/). The results indicate that televised presentation of discrete, repeated vocalizations can have an influence on the vocalization pattern of infants. The potential role of television in infant development is discussed.
Rapid-scan EPR of immobilized nitroxides

Abstract X-band electron paramagnetic resonance spectra of immobilized nitroxides were obtained by rapid scan at 293 K. Scan widths were 155 G with 13.4 kHz scan frequency for 14N-perdeuterated tempone and for T4 lysozyme doubly spin labeled with an iodoacetamide spirocyclohexyl nitroxide and 100 G with 20.9 kHz scan frequency for 15N-perdeuterated tempone. These wide scans were made possible by modifications to our rapid-scan driver, scan coils made of Litz wire, and the placement of highly conducting aluminum plates on the poles of a Bruker 10″ magnet to reduce resistive losses in the magnet pole faces. For the same data acquisition time, the signal-to-noise for the rapid-scan absorption spectra was about an order of magnitude higher than for continuous wave first-derivative spectra recorded with modulation amplitudes that do not broaden the lineshapes.
A cryostat-freeze drying technique for enhanced visualization of catecholamine/indoleamine-containing neurons

A modification of the histofluorescent technique is described which allows for the enhanced visualization of catecholamine/indoleamine (CA/IN)-containing neurons and fibers in CNS and peripheral tissues. Utilizing freeze-dried, cryostat sections of various tissues, the cytoplasmic content of CA/IN-containing vesicles could be localized within the boundaries of identifiable neurons with minimal indication of bioamine dispersion. The present procedure is applicable for the histological assessment of rapid changes in neuronal CA content resulting from experimental manipulations and allows for the simultaneous biochemical measurement of endogenous bioamine content in cells without interference from pharmacological blocking agents.
Update on the Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure

Treatment goals of acute decompensated heart failure are to decrease congestion, afterload, and neurohormonal activation in order to improve hemodynamics and symptoms and, perhaps, reduce in-hospital events, re-hospitalizations, and mortality while avoiding toxicities of therapy such as hypotension, arrhythmias, and renal dysfunction. Relief of congestion through intravenous loop diuretics is a mainstay of therapy. In cases where diuretics are not effective, ultrafiltration may be used to achieve euvolemia. Beta-blockers should be continued or reduced in dose at admission but should not typically be held. In patients with normotensive or hypertensive heart failure, afterload reduction with vasodilators should be instituted at presentation. Choice of a particular agent such as nitroglycerin, nitroprusside, or nesiritide depends on patient characteristics such as presence of ischemia, degree of congestion, and renal function. Nitroprusside may be preferable in patients with congestion and low cardiac output, but with caution in patients with significant hypotension. Intravenous inotropes/inodilators, such as dobutamine and milrinone, should be limited to hypotensive patients with evidence of poor tissue perfusion. Milrinone may be preferable in patients who have significant pulmonary venous hypertension. In patients who do not respond to initial medical therapy and who are candidates for either cardiac transplantation or destination left ventricular assist device, mechanical circulatory support should be considered early, prior to the development of end-organ damage.
Inflammatory response of microglial BV-2 cells includes a glycolytic shift and is modulated by mitochondrial glucose-regulated protein 75/mortalin

Recent studies suggest a link between mitochondria and proinflammatory cytokine generation. We previously demonstrated that overexpression of mitochondrial chaperone glucose-regulated protein75 (Grp75/mortalin) protects mitochondria. In this study we investigated the modulation of the lipopolisaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response of microglial BV-2 cells by Grp75. We demonstrate that LPS-induced activation promotes significant metabolic changes suppressing mitochondrial function and increasing glycolysis. Overexpression of Grp75 attenuates the LPS-induced oxidative and metabolic responses, and suppresses proinflammatory activation, which depends on both NF-κB activation and lactate. Thus overexpression of Grp75 provides a novel strategy to modulate proinflammatory cytokine production of relevance to inflammation-associated pathologies.