cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transition to Sustainability With Natural Gas From Fracking

This paper is an analysis of the energy and money needed to construct a renewable energy system with the excess energy available from natural gas obtained by hydraulic fracturing or “fracking”. Using data from the Energy Information Administration regarding the future availability of natural gas obtained by fracking and the energy required to build a sustainable system consisting of wind power, photo-voltaic energy generation and hydraulic storage, a scenario for the construction of a sustainable system is generated. Finally, a preliminary financial analysis of the cost of the renewable system is made. The analysis demonstrates that it is possible to build a sustainable system from the excess natural gas obtained by fracking in less than 30 years. After that time the energy produced from the renewable system is sufficient to replace those parts of the system that have reached their expected life and construct new sustainable generation technology as required by population growth.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
Size Allometry: Size and Shape Variables with Characterizations of the Lognormal and Generalized Gamma Distributions

Abstract Size-related shape changes in animals are studied within a general framework of size variables and shape vectors. Isometry, or independence of shape and size, is defined as the independence of some (all) shape vector(s) from a particular size variable. With mild restrictions it is shown that isometry is possible with respect to at most one size variable, or in other words that shape will always be related to a variety of size variables. The choice of a size variable is a hitherto neglected, but important, part of an allometric study. The use of functional relationships in allometry is contrasted with the approach developed here. Also, size and shape variables are used in characterizations of the lognormal, gamma and generalized gamma distributions. The results, given in a biological context, are of interest in size and shape studies generally.
C‐MYC proto‐oncogene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome

We examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 16 patients with Sjogren's syndrome (SS) and 7 normal control subjects for the expression of the c-myc proto-oncogene. Patients with SS were found to have a significantly increased expression of c-myc messenger RNA compared with normal individuals. No abnormal forms of c-myc RNA were detected in the SS patients. DNA analysis did not show deletion, rearrangement, or amplification in the c-myc proto-oncogene. The methylation status of the c-myc gene in patients with SS was found to be comparable with that of the control subjects. Nuclear run-off assays showed increased transcription of the c-myc gene in some patients but normal transcription in others, suggesting that posttranscriptional mechanisms are also involved in the increased c-myc messenger RNA observed in these patients. Two patients with primary SS and B cell lymphomas were found to have normal c-myc expression in their PBMC. These results demonstrate the presence of activated PBMC in patients with primary SS and delineate some of the mechanisms that are involved at the molecular level. We speculate that increased c-myc expression may represent an early permissive event in the progression toward neoplasia in these patients.
The value of establishing the quantitative accuracy of PET/CT imaging

1133 Objectives Autophagy is a catabolic process involving the degradation of cellular components through lysosomal machinery and plays a central role in cell growth, development, and homeostasis. The balance between apoptosis ("programmed cell death") and autophagy ("programmed cell survival") is important in tumor development and response to therapy. There is increasing evidence suggesting that inhibiting autophagy in cancer cells is associated with increased apoptotic cell death. HCQ inhibits autophagy, eventuating in either apoptotic or necrotic cell death. Our study is aimed at providing an index of apoptotic cell death in response to therapy with HCQ with novel PET apoptosis tracer [18F] ML-101. Methods Tumor xenograft model was used (n=6) in which Panc02 murine cells were implanted in the shoulder of albino hairless C57BL/6 mice. PET imaging was performed at baseline and after treatment with HCQ using the Siemens Inveon PET/CT scanner, after injection with 300 uCi of [18F] ML-10 (Univ. of Pittsburgh). Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of tumor uptake was performed using Inveon Research Workplace (IRW) software. Calculated SUVmax per body weight was standardized to liver, muscle and blood pool. Results Increase in size of tumors from baseline to post treatment was noted. PET showed a heterogeneous radiotracer uptake in the tumors post treatment compared to baseline (attached table). Conclusions Targeting autophagy has increased the antitumor effects of anticancer therapies in preclinical trials2-6. In our study an increase in [18F] ML-10 uptake was observed, most likely in response to apoptotic cell death by HCQ, suggesting that [18F] ML-10 shows promise for monitoring apoptosis in response to therapy and also for monitoring autophagy. Histology studies to correlate apoptosis in tumors by tunnel staining with the imaging data are underway. Research Support This work was support by the US National Institutes of Health research grant U01 CA140230, as well as the UPCI shared resources award P30CA047904 and Depart of Energy Grant DE SC0008833.
Nonenzymatic Conversion of ADP-Ribosylated Arginines to Ornithine Alters the Biological Activities of Human Neutrophil Peptide-1

Activated neutrophils, recruited to the airway of diseased lung, release human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-4) that are cytotoxic to airway cells as well as microbes. Airway epithelial cells express arginine-specific ADP ribosyltransferase (ART)-1, a GPI-anchored ART that transfers ADP-ribose from NAD to arginines 14 and 24 of HNP-1. We previously reported that ADP-ribosyl-arginine is converted nonenzymatically to ornithine and that ADP-ribosylated HNP-1 and ADP-ribosyl-HNP-(ornithine) were isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of a patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, indicating that these reactions occur in vivo. To determine effects of HNP-ornithine on the airway, three analogs of HNP-1, HNP-(R14orn), HNP-(R24orn), and HNP-(R14,24orn), were tested for their activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus; their cytotoxic effects on A549, NCI-H441, small airway epithelial-like cells, and normal human lung fibroblasts; and their ability to stimulate IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells, and to serve as ART1 substrates. HNP and the three analogs had similar effects on IL-8 and TGF-β1 release from A549 cells and were all cytotoxic for small airway epithelial cells, NCI-H441, and normal human lung fibroblasts. HNP-(R14,24orn), when compared with HNP-1 and HNP-1 with a single ornithine substitution for arginine 14 or 24, exhibited reduced cytotoxicity, but it enhanced proliferation of A549 cells and had antibacterial activity. Thus, arginines 14 and 24, which can be ADP ribosylated by ART1, are critical to the regulation of the cytotoxic and antibacterial effects of HNP-1. The HNP analog, HNP-(R14,24orn), lacks the epithelial cell cytotoxicity of HNP-1, but partially retains its antibacterial activity and thus may have clinical applications in airway disease.
Measurements of Resonance Frequency of Parylene Microspring Arrays Using Atomic Force Microscopy

A mechanical vibration system was made by sandwiching an array of parylene-C microsprings between two flat plates of Si. This system was driven mechanically in forced oscillation using a piezo transducer attached to the bottom Si plate. An atomic force microscope was used to record the displacement of the top plate in both the contact and non-contact modes. At the resonance, the system was observed to give large vertical displacement amplitude of up to 100 nm with a Q-factor of up to 900.
Adaptive detection using low rank approximation to a data matrix

Using an accurate formula for the error in approximating a low rank component, we calculate the performance of adaptive detection based on reduced-rank nulling. In this principal component inverse (PCI) method, one temporarily regards the interference as a strong signal to be enhanced. The resulting estimate of the interference waveform is subtracted from the observed data, and matched filtering is used to detect signal components in the residual waveform. We also present a generalized likelihood-ratio test (GLRT) for adaptively detecting a low rank signal in the presence of low rank interference. This approach leads to a test which is closely related to the PCI method and extends the PCI method to the case where strong signal components are present in the data. A major accomplishment of the work is our calculation of the statistics of the output of the matched filter for the case in which interference cancellation and signal detection are carried out on the same observed data matrix. That is, no separate data is used for adaptation. Examples are presented using both simulated data and real, active-sonar reverberation data from the ARSRP, the Acoustic Reverberation Special Research Program of the Office of Naval Research. >
The appropriateness of unbiased optical fractionators to assess cell proliferation in the adult hippocampus.

Optical fractionators have dominated the field of neural cell counting for two decades. These unbiased stereological techniques are often used for the quantification of hippocampal cell proliferation in neurogenesis experiments. However the heterogeneous distribution of labeled cells, especially in the form of clusters, confounds the application of these techniques. A critical evaluation of the applicability of the optical fractionator suggests that absolute counting achieves higher efficiency in the quantification of cell proliferation than unbiased estimations.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Vessel Response in the Drug-Eluting Stent Era Pooled Volumetric Intravascular Ultrasound Analyses

Background—Exaggerated neointimal hyperplasia is considered as the primary mechanism for increased restenosis in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) treated with bare-metal stent. However, the vessel response in DM and non-DM treated with different drug-eluting stents (DES) has not been systematically evaluated. Methods and Results—We investigated 3D intravascular ultrasound (postprocedure and 6 to 9 months) in 971 patients (267 with DM and 704 without DM) treated with sirolimus- (n=104), paclitaxel- (n=303), zotarolimus- (n=391), or everolimus- (n=173) eluting stents. Volumetric data were standardized by length as volume index (VI). At postprocedure, lumen VI at the stented segment was significantly smaller in DM than in non-DM, whereas vessel VI was similar between the 2 groups. At follow-up, neointimal obstruction and maximum cross-sectional narrowing (neointimal area/stent area) were not significantly different between the 2 groups with no interaction for the DES type. Consequently, lumen VI was smal...
Can the Chick Balance Its Ration

Abstract ACCORDING to Lippincott (1927) the domestication of poultry has lowered the vitality of the race. Evidently the wild fowl possesses the ability to select a ration which produces a rugged constitution, even better than the “man-made” rations designed for poultry. If the wild fowl has the ability to choose such a ration would it not be advisable to take advantage of this natural instinct in designing rations for poultry? This investigation was begun to test the ability of the chick to select its own ration from separate ingredients. The report of Amon (1930) was unknown to the author until this work was nearing completion. R eview of L iterature The “free choice” of feed by poultry has received attention by a number of investigators. Kempster (1916) reported the results secured with laying hens. These results showed that laying hens could compose from the individual ingredients a ration which was satisfactory for egg . . .
Correlates of Relationship Satisfaction in Lesbian Couples

This study broadens the construct of intimate relationships to include the experience of lesbian couples. Various psychological variables were assessed in both partners of 275 lesbian couples who considered themselves to be dual career. Because of the paucity of information on lesbian relationships in the literature, considerable attention is first given to describing this sizable sample. Individual and couple scores on each variable were correlated with relationship satisfaction scores. Among individuals, role conflict and personal autonomy were found to correlate negatively with relationship satisfaction, whereas dyadic attachment, power, intimacy, self-esteem, and life satisfaction were all positively correlated with relationship satisfaction. Although career commitment was not correlated with relationship satisfaction among individuals, differences between partners' levels of career commitment correlated negatively with each partner's relationship satisfaction. The findings counter extant stereotypes ...
Elevated‐Temperature Creep of Silicon Carbide‐Aluminum Nitride Ceramics: Role of Grain Size

Samples containing 50 mol% SiC and 50 mol% AIN were fabricated to neartheoretical density by hot-pressing in graphite dies in N2 atmosphere. Grain size was varied by varying the hot-pressing conditions. Bar-shaped samples cut from the billets were subjected to creep deformation in four-point bending. Creep was found to depend upon the grain size with coarse-grained material exhibiting lower creep rate. The stress exponent was ∼2.0.
Restoring Forest Raptors: Influence of Human Disturbance and Forest Condition on Northern Goshawks

The Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) occurs throughout the Holarctic region in wooded environments. Changes in food supply and breeding habitat, along with human encroachment into otherwise suitable habitat, have negatively impacted the goshawk in some regions. Thus, conservation of the species requires coordinated planning to restore and manage both habitat and human activities in goshawk territories. Using our work in the Sierra Nevada (Lake Tahoe Basin) as a case study, we investigated why territories were abandoned and identified actions needed to reverse conditions negatively impacting goshawks that should lead to more successful goshawk conservation worldwide. We summarized all nesting records available on the goshawk in the Basin, quantified human activity levels within and near frequently and infrequently occupied territories, and described the forest structure and species composition of territories and related these parameters to goshawk territory occupancy. As we hypothesized, reproductive success was higher within frequently occupied territories. Human activity was twice as high within infrequently as compared to frequently occupied territories. There was a greater extent of all types of roads and trails within the infrequently occupied territories. Our findings, along with results from Europe, suggest that goshawk protection has been insufficient in some regions and actions that will reduce anthropogenic disturbance should be initiated, including reducing and re-routing human activity, and reducing the extent of roads and trails within territories. We provide guidance on how to prioritize territories for restoration.
Regulatory role of the 3′ untranslated region of luteinizing hormone receptor: effect on mRNA stability

Posttranscriptional regulation of luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR) mRNA has a significant role in regulating cell surface receptor expression during ovarian cycle. In order to gain insight into the mechanism of posttranscriptional regulation, the cis-acting elements in the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of LHR mRNA were examined by transfection studies followed by measurements of the receptor expression and receptor mRNA half-life. The results show that the inhibitory effect exerted by the 3.51 kb 3′ UTR of the LHR resides in the distal 1.98 kb region. Half-life measurement of LHR mRNA showed that the inhibitory effect of the 3′ UTR was due to a decrease in receptor mRNA stability. Deletion studies revealed that the entire 1.98 kb region is required for LHR mRNA destabilization. Although the 3.51 kb 3′ UTR of LHR contains 11 AUUUA motifs, their removal had no effect on mRNA stability or receptor expression. Thus, although AUUUA motifs have been implicated in mRNA stability, these motifs do not appear to play an inhibitory role in LHR expression. The 3′ UTR of LHR was also able to decrease the expression of a reporter gene indicating that the inhibitory effect of 3′ UTR is not unique to the open reading frame of LHR. The present studies show that the distal 1.98 kb portion of the 3′ UTR exerts an inhibitory effect on the expression of LHR by decreasing the receptor mRNA half-life. The inhibitory effect of 3′ UTR might play a role in the maintenance of the steady state levels of the receptor mRNA under different physiological states.
No-Guard-Interval Coherent Optical OFDM for 100-Gb/s Long-Haul WDM Transmission

This paper describes coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) techniques for the long-haul transmission of 100-Gb/s-class channels. First, we discuss the configurations of the transmitter and receiver that implement the optical multiplexing/demultiplexing techniques for high-speed CO-OFDM transmission. Next, we review the no-guard-interval (No-GI) CO-OFDM transmission scheme which utilizes optical multiplexing for OFDM signal generation and the intradyne receiver configuration with digital signal processing (DSP). We examine the transmission characteristics of the proposed scheme, and show that No-GI CO-OFDM offers compact signal spectra and superior performance with regard to tolerance against optical amplifier noise and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD). We then introduce long-haul high-capacity transmission experiments employing No-GI CO-OFDM; 13.4 Tb/s (134 times 111 Gb/s) transmission is successfully demonstrated over 3600 km of ITU-T G.652 single-mode fiber without using optical dispersion compensation.
Dangerous liaisons? Dating and drinking diffusion in adolescent peer networks

The onset and escalation of alcohol consumption and romantic relationships are hallmarks of adolescence, yet only recently have these domains jointly been the focus of sociological inquiry. We extend this literature by connecting alcohol use, dating and peers to understand the diffusion of drinking behavior in school-based friendship networks. Drawing on Granovetter's classic concept of weak ties, we argue that adolescent romantic partners are likely to be network bridges, or liaisons, connecting daters to new peer contexts which, in turn, promote changes in individual drinking behaviors and allow these behaviors to spread across peer networks. Using longitudinal data of 459 couples from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we estimate Actor-Partner Interdependence Models and identify the unique contributions of partners' drinking, friends' drinking, and friends-of-partners' drinking to daters' own future binge drinking and drinking frequency. Findings support the liaison hypothesis and suggest that friends-of-partners' drinking have net associations with adolescent drinking patterns. Moreover, the coefficient for friends-of-partners drinking is larger than the coefficient for one's own peers and generally immune to prior selection. Our findings suggest that romantic relationships are important mechanisms for understanding the diffusion of emergent problem behaviors in adolescent peer networks.
User Involvement and MIS Success: A Review of Research

User involvement in the design of computer-based information systems is enthusiastically endorsed in the prescriptive literature. However determining when and how much, or even if, user involvement is appropriate are questions that have received inadequate research attention. In this paper research that examines the link between user involvement and indicators of system success is reviewed. The authors find that much of the existing research is poorly grounded in theory and methodologically flawed; as a result, the benefits of user involvement have not been convincingly demonstrated. Until higher quality studies are completed intuition, experience, and unsubstantiated prescriptions will remain the practitioner's best guide to the determination of appropriate levels and types of user involvement; these will generally suggest that user involvement is appropriate for unstructured problems or when user acceptance is important. In order to foster higher quality integrated research and to increase understanding of the user involvement-system success relationship, the authors present the following: a conceptual framework into which previous research has been mapped that can provide direction to future efforts; a review of existing measures of user involvement and system success; a set of variables that have been proposed as potentially impacting the relationship between user involvement and system success.
Photon-surface plasmon coupling at a dielectric solid

Abstract We have calculated the probability of surface plasmon generation at a rough surface of a thick dielectric slab by means of first-order perturbation theory. Comparison is made with the results of Crowell and Ritchie, who treated the special case of reflectance of free-electron-like metal, and employed a different form of perturbation theory.
Reactions to the meta-analyses of the Prototype Willingness Model

The two meta-analyses of the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM; van Lettow, de Vries, Burdorf, & van Empelen, 2016; Todd, Kothe, Mullan, & Monds, 2016) were very informative. Both have significant h...
The WoW experience: grounding a graduate English seminar

Purpose – This paper aims to describe the World of Warcraft (WoW) experience, where students in a graduate English seminar played WoW to ground their learning about digital literacies. Through the experience, students developed their own digital literacies and learned to enter academic discourse about games and digital literacies. Design/methodology/approach – In the paper, the instructor and eight students describe the purpose, design and outcomes of the experience. Over the course of a month, the group coordinated logistics and roles, each person created a character, each character reached the threshold level for low-level dungeons, the whole class played several dungeons together and the class engaged in metaconversation about the experience. Findings – The instructor reflects on the problem of practice that the WoW experience addressed and the instructional organization of the experience. The students, who came into the WoW experience with a range of prior knowledge about games and Massively Multiplay...
The peacetime trauma experience of U.S. Army surgeons: another call for collaborative training in civilian trauma centers.

OBJECTIVE: To document the ongoing trauma experience of U.S. Army surgeons during peacetime clinical practice. METHODS: Surveys were mailed to the trauma directors of military surgical services worldwide. Questions focused on numbers of operative cases and availability of trauma resources. Laparotomy, thoracotomy, and vascular repair for trauma were considered index cases and simple means were computed based on numbers of cases per general surgeon. RESULTS: Seventy percent of worldwide Army surgical services responded to the survey. In 1992, on the average, a general surgeon in the Army performed 1.3 trauma laparotomies, 0.3 thoracotomies, and 0.3 vascular repairs for trauma. Only 6 of 28 surgical services had an organized "trauma team," 3 held regular trauma conferences, and 1 service kept a registry and could calculate an average injury severity score. CONCLUSIONS: Our data support perceptions concerning lack of an ongoing trauma experience for military surgeons and reinforces the need for collaborative education and training in busy civilian trauma centers. A regional approach is suggested as a viable solution. Language: en
Integration and calculation improvements in monensin liquid chromatographic method

The liquid chromatographic method for monensin in premix and animal feeds was approved by the AOAC INTERNATIONAL Methods Committee on Feeds, Fertilizer, and Related Agricultural Topics and adopted by the Official Methods Board in January 1997. Improvements have been made in the integration and calculation to include additional monensin factors. The original method accounted for monensin factors A and B only. The improved method also includes monensin factors C and D, Monensin factors C and D account for approximately 2.4% of the total biopotency of monensin in both the premix and feed.
A pairing technique for area-efficient orthogonal drawings (extended abstract)

An orthogonal drawing of a graph is a drawing such that vertices are placed on grid points and edges are drawn as sequences of vertical and horizontal segments. In this paper we present linear time algorithms that produce orthogonal drawings of graphs with n nodes. If the maximum degree is four, then the drawing produced by our first algorithm needs area no greater than 0.76n2, and introduces no more than 2n + 2 bends. Also, every edge of such a drawing has at most two bends. Our algorithm is based on forming and placing pairs of vertices of the graph. If the maximum degree is three, then the drawing produced by our second algorithm needs at most 1/4n2 area, and at most ILn/2 + 2l + 1⌋ bends (⌊n/2⌋ + 3 bends, if the graph is biconnected), where l is the number of biconnected components that are leaves in the block tree. For biconnected graphs, this algorithm produces optimal drawings with respect to the number of bends (within a constant of two), since there is a lower bound of n/2 + 1 in the number of bends for orthogonal drawings of degree 3 graphs.
Murine tyrosinase expressed by a T7 vector in bone marrow-derived dendritic progenitors effectively prevents and eradicates melanoma tumors in mice.

Dendritic cell (DC)–mediated cancer immunotherapy is a very promising alternative approach to cancer treatment. In a previous study, we successfully transfected bone marrow–derived dendritic progenitors (BMDDPs) with a T7 vector — a nonviral, cytoplasmic-based autogene expression system — encoding a model tumor antigen, firefly luciferase, and subsequently stimulated the transfected cells to differentiate into DCs. When injected into experimental mice, those DCs generated a strong immune response against tumor cells bearing luciferase, which not only prevented occurrence of metastasis but also eradicated existing tumors. In the present study, we constructed a T7 vector encoding mouse tyrosinase, a well-known melanoma associated tumor antigen, and used it to transfect BMDDPs. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and Western analysis confirmed the expression of tyrosinase by DCs differentiated from transfected BMDDPs. Two immunizations of these DCs at a dose of 2×106 of each successfully prevented tumor growth. More importantly, one injection of 2×106 of these DCs into mice followed by five doses of recombinant human interleukin-2 administration effectively eradicated existing tumors as indicated by pulmonary metastasis assay. Cancer Gene Therapy (2000) 7, 1448–1455
Joint GPS and vision direct position estimation

GPS and vision position sensing are complementary. Under open sky environments, GPS sensing is superior due to unimpeded strong signal reception while vision sensing suffers from the lack of unique features. In urban settings, however, vision sensing becomes superior with the abundance of unique characterizing vision features while the GPS sensing performance is hindered by obstruction and multipath. To better leverage upon the complementary nature of the two sensing modes, we propose the Joint GPS and Vision Direct Positioning (GPS+V DP). GPS+V DP achieves meaningful integration between the two sensing modes, directly estimating the receiver position from the entire raw GPS signal and vision features extracted from the raw camera image. GPS+V DP consists of two synchronized lines of processing: GPS Direct Positioning (GPS DP) and Vision Direct Positioning (Vision DP). GPS DP searches for the composite signal replica that gives the highest correlation against the observed GPS signal. This best matched composite signal replica is most likely generated from the most optimal receiver parameters of 3D position, clock bias, 3D velocity and clock drift. Vision DP searches for the geo-tagged reference image that gives the lowest composite feature distance against the observed image. This best matched reference image is most likely generated from the most optimal camera latitude, longitude, heading and tilt. The measurements from both GPS DP and Vision DP are concatenated and used to directly estimate and track the sensors' position parameters. We implemented GPS+V DP using our research platform (PyGNSS) and an open source computer vision library (OpenCV). We tested our GPS+V DP receiver architecture using experimental data collected on campus. We demonstrate the functionality of our algorithm through our experimental results
Compulsory Youthfulness: Intersections of Ableism and Ageism in “Successful Aging” Discourses

This article forwards the theory of compulsory youthfulness as a way to explore how ableism, ageism, and other systems of oppression intersect to produce the societal mandate that people must remain youthful and non-disabled throughout the life course, particularly in a cultural context that holds successful aging as an ideal.
Coupling GIS and remote sensing techniques for coastal zone disaster management: the case of Southern Mississippi

Since hurricane Katrina, developer and planners are looking at a tools and sustainable ways to minimize vulnerabilities in events of disasters especially along the coast. In this setting, remote sensing and Geographic information systems (GIS) have the capacity to provide valuable and timely information about coastal resources, and form an important basis for sustainable planning for land management and decision making. This paper focuses on the design of appropriate coastal databases in six counties in Southern Mississippi using remote sensing and GIS technology. The intent is to enable planners and policy-makers contribute to improved land administration and coastal resources management in order to enhance their competence in decision-making. In order to achieve these objectives, satellite image and digital elevation models (DEMs) data were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) seamless data warehouse National Elevation Dataset (NED). From there, the DEM data was co-registered to the satellite image to facilitate draping of the image over the DEM to create terrain models. Result reveals greater part of the three counties along the coast lies less than 10 meters above mean sea level with exposure to coastal disaster vulnerability. In the context of the objectives of the research anchored on the applications of GIS and remote sensing towards efficient land administration and coastal resource management in six coastal counties in an ecologically fragile area already dubbed the epicenter of coastal disasters. Considering the changes that took place in the six counties after Hurricane Katrina debacle, the findings in this study not only stand out, but they remain highly beneficial to decision makers made up of planners and policy makers in several ways. Just as the study injected elements of novelty by identifying digital elevation model information for the six counties in low lying areas, revealing the steeper areas in the north portion of the study stands out as a major finding and study contribution in a way beneficial to decision makers in the region. With that they are now better informed in sharing and cautioning and pinpointing to the public the hidden critical pathways to coastal vulnerability that were previously unknown to ordinary people.
Maximum pile-up heights for grounded ice rubble

Abstract Large grounded ice features can be found in all regions of the world where there is moving ice. This paper compiles over 230 reported ice pile-ups from several international locations including the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Caspian Sea, Lake Simcoe, Stonehaven Harbour (New Brunswick), west Newfoundland, Alaskan and Canadian Beaufort Sea, Norton Sound, Bering Sea, Somerset Island and offshore Sakhalin. The NRC Particle-in-Cell numerical model is used to augment the data. A plot of the rubble sail height as a function of the ice block thickness shows considerable scatter but a general increase in sail height with increasing ice thickness. The scatter in the data is real and is attributed to the fact that the conditions for producing the maximum sail height are not met in most situations. An upper bound of the data can be represented by Hs,max = 19 hB0.33 where Hs,max is the maximum pile-up height (in m), and hB is the block ice thickness (in m). This equation covers the data range up to 2 m in ice thickness. The data also clearly show that high pile-ups (on the order of 10 to 12 m high) can be generated from thin ice less than 0.5 m thick. Further, sail heights up to 30 m are possible for thicker sea ice.
Leukemic Relapse after Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation with a T-Cell Depleted Reduced Intensity Conditioning (RIST) Regimen.

Abstract Patients (pts) with leukemia who relapse after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation have a poor prognosis due to reduced tolerance and suboptimal responses to salvage therapies. Select pts who respond to salvage and achieve prolonged remissions may benefit from second transplantations. We hypothesized that less toxic conditioning, as well as advancements in supportive care and salvage therapies, may improve outcomes when pts relapse after transplantation. Among 72 pts with high risk and refractory leukemias consecutively enrolled to receive a RIST from 2002–05, we describe outcomes for the 31 pts who relapsed. The preparative regimen consisted of fludarabine 30 mg/m2/d IV (D-7 to D-3), Campath-1H 20 mg/d IV (D-7 to D-3), melphalan 140 mg/mg2 IV (D-2) and tacrolimus for post-transplantation immunosuppression. Of the 31 pts who relapsed after transplantation, 23 had AML/MDS, 3 had CML, 2 had ALL, 2 had leukemic phase of mantle cell lymphoma and 1 had mast cell leukemia (MCL). Only 4 pts had achieved a complete remission (CR) at initial transplantation. 16 pts (52%) had HLA-identical sibling donors, 1 (3%) had a mismatched related donor and 15 (47%) had unrelated donors. The median age was 51 years (range 20–68), and the median time from initial transplantation to relapse was 4 months (range 1–14). After relapse the median follow-up for survivors was 6.6 months (range 2–28) and the median overall survival (OS) was 7.8 months (95% CI, 4.2–13.5) (Figure 1). The median whole blood or marrow donor chimerism at relapse was 71% (range 0–99%). The median marrow blast percentage at relapse was 21% (range 0–99%); 8 pts had 100 days after transplantation (n=9, P=.02) and marrow blast count Download : Download high-res image (88KB) Download : Download full-size image
Using Socrative to Enhance Instruction in an Accounting Classroom

ABSTRACT: Are you interested in increasing the level of student engagement in your accounting course? You are not alone. In today's classroom, increased student engagement and active learning are desired by faculty and students alike. In this paper, we outline how to use Socrative Student Response by Mastery Connect (Socrative 2016), a variation of a real-time response tool called a “clicker.” We used this tool in both undergraduate and graduate-level managerial accounting courses. We provide a user's guide to Socrative, as well as helpful tips to ensure its successful implementation in the classroom.
Beyond the Ethnic Enclave: Interethnicity and Trans-spatiality in an Australian Suburb

This ethnographic study investigates a suburban place in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. It aims to reconsider the spatial formation of ethnic Chinese in a Western immigrant society beyond conventional notions about a Chinatown, an enclave, or an ethnoburb. In public enunciations, this local district, Box Hill, is depicted as an emerging Chinese enclave. In contrast, this study sheds light on multicultural engagements, interethnic interactions, and translocal and transnational mobility among the subjects who are integral to the production of the Box Hill space, through their narratives and experiences that are all in some way linked to Box Hill. This study explores everyday accommodations of multiculturalism, and yet expands this notion by underlining intersecting concepts beyond culture which together produce narratives about a suburban Chinatown. The conceptual framework of interconnectivity suggests relations and links as well as interstices and discontinuities that undermine enclave theories and to which place-making practices across ethnicity and space are integral. [Chinatown, ethnic enclave, ethnoburb, interconnectivity, Chinese immigrants]
Short fiber reinforced 3d printed ceramic composite with shear induced alignment

This paper accounts for utilization of shear induced alignment method during ceramic stereolithography. Lateral oscillation mechanism, combined with 3d printed wall pattern, was employed to generate necessary shear to align fiber in desired direction. First, semicircular channel pattern was printed to assess the effect of difference between wall direction and oscillation direction on the fiber alignment. Then, flexural strength of ceramic matrix was tested with nickel coated carbon fiber and ceramic fiber reinforcements. The results demonstrated that the shear induced alignment further improves the flexural strength compare to randomly distributed samples. Flexural strength of aligned samples with 1.0 wt% carbon fiber loading was improved by ~90% compared to randomly orientated samples and by ~333% compared to unreinforced samples. Finally, fracture surface morphology of the flexural strength test specimens was evaluated. The main fracture mechanism was observed as fiber pull-out.
Octogenarians' post-acute care use after cardiac valve surgery and recovery: clinical implications.

Abstract Octogenarians receiving cardiac valve surgery is increasing and recovery is challenging. Post-acute care (PAC) services assist with recovery, yet services provided in facilities do not provide adequate cardiac-focused care or long-term self-management support. The purpose of the paper was to report post-acute care discharge rates in octogenarians and propose clinical implications to improve PAC services. Using a 2003 Medicare Part A database, we studied post-acute care service use in octogenarians after cardiac valve surgery. We propose expansion of the Geriatric Cardiac Care model to include broader clinical therapy dynamics. The sample (n = 10,062) included patients over 80 years discharged from acute care following valve surgery. Post-acute care services were used by 68% of octagarians following cardiac valve surgery (1% intermediate rehabilitation, 35% skilled nursing facility, 32% home health). The large percentage of octagarians using PAC point to the importance of integrating geriatric cardiac care into post-acute services to optimize recovery outcomes.
Isolation of Mn(I) Compounds Featuring a Reduced Bis(imino)pyridine Chelate and Their Relevance to Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production

We report the preparation and electronic structure determination of chelate-reduced Mn(I) compounds that are relevant to electrocatalytic proton reduction mediated by [(Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(CO)][Br]. Reducing [(Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(CO)][Br] with excess Na–Hg afforded a neutral paramagnetic complex, (Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(CO). This compound was found to feature a low spin Mn(I) center and a PDI radical anion as determined by magnetic susceptibility measurement (1.97 μB), EPR spectroscopy (S = 1/2), and density functional theory calculations. When [(Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(CO)][Br] was reduced with K–Hg, Mn(I) complexes with highly activated CO ligands were obtained. Recrystallization of the reduced product from diethyl ether solution allowed for the isolation of dimeric [(κ4-Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(μ-η1,η1,η2-CO)K(Et2O)]2 (νCO = 1710 cm–1, 1656 cm–1), while methyl tert-butyl ether treatment afforded dimeric [(κ4-Ph2PPrPDI)Mn(μ-η1,η1-CO)K(MTBE)2]2 (νCO = 1695 cm–1, MTBE = methyl tert-butyl ether). Addition of 18-crown-6 to these products, or conducting ...
Neonatal Experimental White Matter Injury

Periventricular white matter injury (PWMI) is a major clinical problem in newborn infants. Cerebral white matter injury associated with hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy is mostly found in full-term infants, whereas periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) mostly occurs in preterm infants. Clinical data suggest that both ischemia–reperfusion and infection–inflammation are important contributing factors. In order to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of PWMI and to explore potential therapeutic treatments of PWMI, numerous animal models of PWMI have been developed to mimic scenarios of a variety of insults during the past three decades. In recent years, incidence of focal necrotic type of PVL is declining, whereas diffuse cerebral WMI is emerging as the predominant lesion. Thus, development of animal models of PWMI also reflects this trend. This review is to summarize the existing animal models of neonatal WMI, emphasizing the recent developments and adaptations of these models. For obtaining new insights into the pathobiology of WMI, future more sophisticated and faithful animal models should more closely reproduce the spectrum of insults that appear to contribute to cerebral injury in human infants.
Program analysis for web security

The evolving nature of web applications and the languages they are written in continually present new challenges and new research opportunities. For example, web sites that present trusted and untrusted code to web users aim to provide isolation and secure mediation across a defined interface. Older versions of JavaScript make it difficult for one section of code to provide limited access to another, while improvements in standardized ECMAScript bring the problem closer to traditional language-based encapsulation. As a result, rigorous language semantics and acceptable limitations on the language constructs used in trusted code make provable solutions possible. We have developed sound program analysis tools for specific versions of ECMAScript 5, providing security guarantees against threats from untrusted code in a larger language. However, many security problems remain and there are many ways that future language tools may improve web security and developer productivity.
Food Safety Issues for Mineral and Organic Fertilizers

Fertilizers and other soil amendments are required to maintain soil fertility, but some may be naturally rich in trace elements, or contaminated. As part of the overall consideration of using fertilizers and soil amendments, one should consider the levels of trace elements present in relation to soil, plant, and food-chain processes (precipitation, adsorption, chelation) which promote or alleviate trace element risks. These natural processes limit plant accumulation of nearly all elements to levels which would not cause harm to humans, livestock, wildlife, or soil organisms. Soils geologically rich or contaminated with Mo can harm ruminants, while those rich in Se may harm all plant consumers; Mo or Se should be applied only when needed. Manures from swine and poultry may be rich in Cu, Zn and/or As from feed additives. Crops except rice accumulate little As from soils, so soil ingestion is the basis for soil As risk except for rice. Pb risk is also through soil ingestion rather than plant uptake. Cd is accumulated by rice to levels which caused human disease (renal tubular dysfunction) where rice soils were contaminated by industrial discharges. Risk from Cd in rice is strongly affected by the high bioavailability of rice Cd. Consumption of similar amounts of Cd have not caused harm from other foods. Because phosphate fertilizers may contain high levels of Cd, and use of high Cd superphosphate in Australia caused significant increase in wheat and potato Cd levels, risk from long-term accumulation of phosphate fertilizer Cd (and other sources) must be controlled. Different control schemes are discussed.
From Lark Rise to the Storied City

In Lark Rise to Candleford, Flora Thompson, through her character Laura Timmins, tells stories about the daily struggles of the residents of a poor English hamlet coping with the wrenching changes of late 19th Century England. Cooperative working of open fields which had supported self-sufficiency is replaced by enclosed landholdings, industrialization and imminent starvation. The contrasts between the stories of Queenie, the beekeeper and Dorcas Lane, the postmistress, reveal the evolution between an agrarian communal society and an industrialized economy. Their stories tell so much more than conventional legal description could provide. This article proposes "The Storied City" as a better way to understand what is at stake in regard to local government authority and to help us to arrive at better solutions. The article describes a cognitive science approach to law, uses it to critically evaluate conventional "pyramid" legal analysis of local government authority, and suggests stories as alternative models for defining such authority. The article illustrates the storytelling analytical approach in three situations: a local government's condemnation of private property for resale to a private developer, the delegation of land use control authority to neighborhood groups, and local government attempts to zone out nontraditional families. Part I describes a cognitive science approach to law. Part II traces the evolution of local government powers and focuses on the particularly intractable problem of adequately defining their proper scope. Part III unpacks conventional local government legal analysis by exploring the writings of Frank Michelman, a prominent local government law theorist. Part IV reveals the unstated assumptions of conventional legal analysis and the serious and unsettling consequences of those assumptions for defining local government authority. Part V reconstructs conventional local government legal analysis in cognitive terms and Part VI concludes by suggesting stories as alternative cognitive strategies for defining local government authority.
Cannabinoids alter neurotoxicity produced by interleukin-6 in central nervous system neurons.

Abnormal levels of cytokines, including interleukin-6 (IL-6), are found in the cere brospinal fluid and brain of individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)6,16,19 and may contribute to the central nervous system (CNS) pathology and cognitive dysfunction observed in individuals with NeuroAIDS. Consistent with this possibility, transgenic mice that overexpress IL-6 (IL-6 transgenic mice) in the CNS show CNS pathology that resembles the neuropathology observed in HIV-infected individuals12. Moreover, electrophysiological investigations of the IL-6 transgenic mice indicate that the functional properties of CNS neurons13 and neuronal circuits3,17 are altered by IL-6 overexpression in the CNS, and behavioral studies show that cognitive deficits occur as well8.
Vitamins A and Retinenes

As is well known, the vitamins A and retinenes are lower isoprenologs of the monocyclic carotenoid pigments; their molecules contain 20 carbon atoms instead of 40. As a special feature they carry functional groups at the end of the aliphatic chain. The structures of the four most important compounds to be discussed appear in the formulas (LI)–(LIV.)