cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Body language user interface (BLUI)

We analyze a 3D skeletal representation of the user in spatial and temporal domains as a tool necessary to recognizing the gestures of drawing, picking and grabbing. The mechanisms of visual perception that are called upon in the imaginative process of artistic creation use those same tactile and kinesthetic pathways and structures in the brain which are employed when we manipulate the 3D world. We see, in fact, with our sensual bodies as well as with our eyes. Our interface is built on an analysis of pointing and gesturing and how they related to the perception of form in space. We report on our progress in implementing a body language user interface for artistic computer interaction, i.e., an human/computer interaction based on an analysis of how an artist uses her body in the act of creation. Using two synchronous TV cameras, we have videotaped an environment into which an artist moves, assumes a canonical (Da Vinci) pose and subsequently makes a series of simple gestures. The video images are processed to generate an animated 3D skeleton that corresponds to the skeleton of the artist. The locus of the path taken by the drawing hand is the source of a trace of particles. Our presentation shows the two simultaneous videos, the associated animated 3D skeleton, that skeleton as an instance of motion capture for a constrained model of a human skeleton and the trace of the path taken by the drawing hand.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Recent advances in continuously tunable 8- to 12-um radiation using optical parametric oscillators

Advances in the development of crystals with good nonlinear properties have made optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) strong candidates for generation of coherent radiation. These technological advancements have renewed research in the development of solid state 8 - 12 μm coherent OPO LIDAR sources for remote chemical sensing applications, if millijoule pulse energies are adequate and short (ns) pulses are beneficial. We present recent advances in OPO technology that have generated tunable, 3 - 5 μm and 8 - 12 μn radiation. Specific pump source technologies to be addressed are CO 2 , Nd:YAG, Er and Ho:host materials. The paper will examine nonlinear materials such as ZnGeP 2 , AgGaSe 2 , AgGaS 2 , and CdSe and their relevant parameters. The authors will discuss their results to obtain millijoule/pulse OPO energies with two different pump sources. Using a 25 mJ, 50 ns, 2.79 pin Cr,Er:YSGG laser to pump CdSe and ZnGeP 2 OPOs, signal wavelengths from 3.6 - 4.7 A m and idler wavelengths from 6.9 - 12.7 μm were generated. A CdSe OPO yielded a 59% slope efficiency (η) and 1.2 - 2.4 mJ idler output between 8.5 and 12.3 pin. A ZnGeP 2 OPO operated with a lower threshold, 11 = 29%, and 0.7 - 2.4 mJ idler output from 6.9 to 9.9 μm. Secondly, a non-critically phase-matched KTP OPO, at the fixed wavelength of 1.57 μm, was used to pump a type I AgGaSe2 OPO. A 6.5 mm x 6.5 mm x 35.3 mm long, AgGaSe 2 crystal yielded output, tunable from 6 to 14 μm, with energies of up to 1.2 mJ/pulse and a bandwidth of - 5 cm -1 (FWHM).
Relative Susceptibility of Inland and Brook Silversides to Capture by Largemouth Bass

Abstract This study compared susceptibilities of the inland silverside Menidia beryllina and the brook silverside Labidesthes sicculus to capture by largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Largemouth bass were stocked into a pond containing known quantities of the silversides. Several days later the pond was drained and the remaining silversides were collected. We recovered substantially lower proportions of inland silverside than of brook silverside in two trials. In addition, smaller inland silverside in trial 1 and smaller individuals of both species in trial 2 were recovered in substantially lower proportions than larger fish. We concluded that the inland silverside is more susceptible to capture by largemouth bass than the brook silverside, and that smaller individuals of both species are more susceptible than larger individuals.
The predictive value of the development of the acetabular teardrop figure in developmental dysplasia of the hip

We reviewed the radiographs of 72 hips, 47 with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and 25 normal hips, to determine the timing of the normal appearance of the acetabular teardrop figure and the value of teardrop development after reduction of the hip in predicting outcome. In normal hips, all children had a teardrop figure by age 18 months. In the 47 hips with DDH, no teardrop figure appeared until the hip was reduced. The DDH hips were divided into two groups based on the success of the initial reduction. By using statistical analysis, we found that the appearance of the acetabular teardrop within 6 months after reduction of the hip is strongly associated with a favorable long-term outcome. We believe that the appearance of the teardrop is the earliest radiographic sign that a stable, concentric reduction of the hip has been achieved.
Isolation of Marine Sediment Colloids and Associated Polychlorinated Biphenyls: An Evaluation of Ultrafiltration and Reverse-Phase Chromatography

Environmental colloids are suspected of having significant effects on nonpolar organic contaminant geochemistry, transport, and bioavailability. However, environmental data on colloid−contaminant interactions is limited because isolating colloids from the dissolved and particulate phases is problematic. In this study, two practical methods using ultrafiltration and reverse-phase chromatography were evaluated for isolating environmentally contaminated marine sediment interstitial water colloids and associated PCBs. In assessing each method, ultrafiltration demonstrated extensive sorption of radiolabeled nonpolar compounds (>90%) and a re-occurring breakthrough phenomena, both of which compromise the method for accurately assessing colloid−PCB interactions. Conversely, C18 reverse-phase chromatography, performed using laboratory-packed columns, generated reproducible organic carbon-normalized colloidal partitioning coefficients (Kcoc) that agreed with literature and theoretical considerations. Evaluations o...
Commentary on “Gay and Lesbian Clients' Ratings of Psychiatrists, Psychologists, Social Workers, and Counselors”

Abstract Becky Liddle's study is criticized, in part because its conclusions are based on only five individuals. Nonetheless, 5 of the psychiatrists reported on in this study were perceived by respondents to be homophobic. It is important to distinguish between what is a group phenomenon and what should be, more accurately, labeled a subgroup phenomenon. Furthermore, the author's selective discussion of findings seems to create an impression of greater bias within psychiatry that is only partially supported by the data. The findings are extraordinary in depicting so little homophobia in all of the mental health professions and should be replicated. In addition, diminishing inadequate practice behaviors is not synonymous with establishing exemplary, or perhaps even adequate, practice behaviors. All of the mental health professions need to help therapists become more knowledgeable about lesbian and gay issues. Having achieved an enormous change in attitudes about homosexuality and gay and lesbian persons, w...
Religious Worship and Dream Recall: New Results from a Survey of American Adults

This study of 2,992 demographically diverse American adults provides a new empirical view of the relationship between dreams and religion. Participants answered a question about the frequency of their religious worship service attendance, in addition to several questions about their recall of various types of dreams. The results confirm previous research showing that the most religiously observant people in America tend to remember considerably fewer dreams than do the least religiously observant people. This study elaborates on that finding by using word search technology to analyze several hundred dream reports provided by the participants. The results show that in terms of dream content, there is little difference between religiously observant and nonobservant people, other than a higher frequency of Christianity-related words in the dreams of the most religiously observant people. This study gives pastoral caregivers and psychotherapists new insights into the religiously and spiritually meaningful patterns they may encounter in the dreams of their clients.
Gastrointestinal motility problems in the elderly patient

Statistics abound demonstrating the aging of the population, and this comes as no news to physicians caring for an increasing number of elderly patients. This group experiences the expected age-related physiologic declines, including systems critical to integrative functions such as immunologic, neurologic, and metabolic systems. Although an increased prevalence of several common gastrointestinal disorders occurs in the elderly person, aging per se appears to have less direct effect on most gastrointestinal functions, in large part because of the functional reserve of the gastrointestinal tract. Although irritable bowel symptoms decrease with aging, there seems to be an increase in many gastrointestinal disorders of function and motility. The gastroenterologist will frequently encounter elderly patients with complaints of dysphagia, anorexia, dyspepsia, and disorders of colonic function. Understanding age-related changes in gastrointestinal physiology and effects of common comorbid illnesses enhances the ability to evaluate and treat these common, troublesome symptoms.
INTERPRETATION OF THE DISTURBANCE IN GALACTIC COSMIC RAYS OBSERVED ON VOYAGER 1 BEYOND THE HELIOPAUSE

We present a possible explanation for the transient increase in the galactic cosmic ray flux observed by Voyager 1 (V1) beyond the heliopause, in 2013 March. We suggest that this disturbance may be caused by a propagating disturbance in the interstellar magnetic field, of heliospheric origin. A model in which a magnetic disturbance, propagating outward from the heliosphere into the very-local interstellar plasma, affects the galactic cosmic rays is presented. We also discuss the possibility that this event is related to the plasma-wave event observed some 25 days later by the PWS experiment on V1.
The molecular structure and dynamic NMR spectrum of bis[(η5-cyclopentadienyl)dicarbonylmolybdenum]-μ-ethyne(MoMo)

Abstract The title compound, (η5-C5H5)2Mo2(CO)4(μ-HC CH) has a molecular structure practically identical to that of its previously described analog containing μ-EtC CEt. Its13C NMR at −144°C has a broad doublet in the terminal CO region; this sharpens at −118°C then again broadens (-100°C) and finally coalesces below −58°C to a single resonance. The appearance of a semi-bridging CO (SBCO) ligand in the title compound and its EtC CEt analog, but not in a related compound with μ-H2C C CH2 is attributed to internal crowding and it is suggested that these compounds may provide the most unambiguous examples of such an effect.
Investigation of endocannabinoid modulation of conditioned responding evoked by a nicotine CS and the Pavlovian stimulus effects of CP 55,940 in adult male rats.

Rationale The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist/inverse agonist rimonabant (SR 141716) has been shown to block reinforcing and rewarding effects of nicotine. Research has not investigated whether the cannabinoid system is involved in the interoceptive stimulus effects of nicotine functioning as a conditional stimulus (CS).
Body MR venography.

MRV offers unique diagnostic possibilities for detection and characterization of venous disease. It allows evaluation of perivascular and vascular anatomy, evolution of thromboembolic events, and assessment of vascular flow. MRI is a diagnostic tool that can be tailored for a variety of clinical dilemmas, not only DVTs. Continued improvements in hardware and software will expand the role of MRV.
Using maps to remember text: an instructional analysis

A sample of 45 undergraduate volunteers produced think aloud data while learning one of three versions of a reference map. Following map learning, the students read a text in which the events were related to the map features. Recall of text events was associated with accurate encoding of map structure. Results were interpreted within a dual coding framework, which emphasises cross-code retrieval and a computational advantage for images of spatial displays.
Nutrition therapy for overweight children and adolescents with Type 2 Diabetes

The increased number of children and adolescents diagnosed with type 2 diabetes presents new challenges to pediatricians, nurses, and dietitians. Treatment with medications and lifestyle changes is similar to that for adults with type 2 diabetes, but must be developmentally appropriate for children and adolescents. Registered dieticians must apply knowledge from treatment for overweight children and adolescents without diabetes with treatment for adults with type 2 diabetes to provide effective nutrition therapy for this population.
Review Article: Experimental Chemical Carcinogenesis in Fish:

Tracie Eileen Bunton received a DVM degree from Michigan State University in 1977. After practicing small animal medicine for a year, she completed a combined Comparative Pathology residency/Ph.D. program in 1982 at the University of California at Davis. Her residency training included 3 yr at the California Regional Primate Research Center and, for her thesis, she studied the effects of glucocorticosteroids on lung development in the fetal rhesus macaque.Dr. Bunton spent 1982-1984 as an Assistant Professor at Michigan State University, becoming a diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Pathologists in 1983. In 1984 she joined the faculty of the Division of Comparative Medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, where she is now an Associate Professor, with adjunct faculty positions in the Department of Pathology and the Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine.Dr. Bunton's primary research interest is on mechanisms of toxicity and carcinogenesis in fish related to envi...
Leadership Recruitment and Ethnic Stratification in Basketball

Based upon a sample of the three NCAA basketball divisions and information gathered from the NBA it is apparent that patterns of leadership and racial discrimination may be accounted for by the centrality hypothesis. Specifically it was found that1. Players occupying the position of guard are more likely than forwards and centers to have access to the positions of head and assistant coach.2. Since white players are disproportionately found at the guard position, whites are more likely than blacks to be selected as head and assistant coaches.
Excited state hydrogen bond dynamics: coumarin 102 in acetonitrile-water binary mixtures.

The time dependent change in the intermolecular response of solvent molecules following photoexcitation of Coumarin 102 (C102) has been measured in acetonitrile−water binary mixtures. Experiments were performed on mixtures of composition xCH3CN = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00. At low water concentrations (xH2O ≤ 0.25) the solvent response is consistent with previous measurements probing dipolar solvation. With increasing water concentration (xH2O ≥ 0.50) an additional response is found subsequent to dipolar solvation, exhibited as a rapid gain in the solvent's polarizability on a ∼250 fs time scale. Monte Carlo simulations of the C102:binary mixture system were performed to quantify the number of hydrogen-bonding interactions between C102 and water. These simulations indicate that the probability of the C102 solute being hydrogen bound with two water molecules, both as donors at the carbonyl site, increases in a correlated fashion with the amplitude of the additional response in the measurements. We conclude...
A Pilot Study of Expiratory Flow Limitation and Lung Volume Reduction Surgery

Study objectives: To examine the relationships between changes in expiratory flow limitation (FL) during anesthesia and postoperative responses to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS). Design: Prospective consecutive case comparison. Setting: University medical center. Patients: Eight patients with severe emphysema. Interventions: General anesthesia with muscle paralysis and thoracic epidural analgesia were provided for LVRS via median sternotomy. Measurements: FEV1, functional residual capacity (FRC), and total lung capacity (TLC) were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively. Tidal volume (VT) flow/volume (F/V) curves were obtained with a Pitot-type spirometer. VT, expiratory flow rate at 0.25 3 VT (V*VT,25% ), and peak expiratory flow rate (V*VT,MAX) were obtained from VT F/V curves to derive V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio as a measure of FL. Results: Closed chest VT F/V curves during anesthesia pre-LVRS showed four patients with FL (group A) whose V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio was 0.38 6 0.06 (mean 6 SD) and four patients without FL (group B) whose V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio was 0.82 6 0.06 (p 5 0.0001). Closed chest post-LVRS V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio during anesthesia increased by 0.48 6 0.08 in group A, compared with a 0.19 6 0.16 reduction in group B (p 5 0.0001). Preoperative FEV1 was 0.57 6 0.10 L for group A vs 0.82 6 0.13 L for group B (p 5 0.02). Postoperative FEV1 increased by 67 6 40% for group A (p 5 0.03) vs 29 6 21% for group B (not significant). FRC decreased by 33 6 3% for group A vs 17 6 5% for group B (p 5 0.0007), and FRC/TLC decreased by 0.14 6 0.05 for group A vs 0.01 6 0.07 for group B (p 5 0.026). Post-LVRS V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio change during anesthesia correlated with postoperative reduction in FRC (r 2 5 0.89, p 5 0.0004) and FRC/TLC (r 2 5 0.52, p 5 0.045). Conclusion: Post-LVRS change in V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio during anesthesia showed a linear relationship with 3-month postoperative improvement in dynamic hyperinflation. Thus, V*VT,25%/V*VT,MAX ratio may help provide valuable insights into the interactions between chest wall recoil, dynamic hyperinflation, and VT flow rates in patients with severe COPD and LVRS. (CHEST 1999; 116:1762‐1771)
Incidence of femoral and popliteal artery aneurysms in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms

Abstract Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of femoral and popliteal aneurysms in men and women who have abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and to assess potential etiologic differences in patients with and without these lower extremity aneurysms. Methods: We studied 313 consecutive patients with AAAs encountered from 1995 to 1998 who underwent prospective ultrasound scanning to detect the presence or absence of femoral and popliteal aneurysms. Patients with and without these extremity aneurysms were compared for differences in potential etiologic risk factors with each other and with a statewide population of patients with AAAs. Results: A total of 51 femoral and popliteal aneurysms were encountered, all occurring in male patients. Among the 251 men with AAAs, the incidence of femoral or popliteal aneurysms was 14%, compared with 0% among the 62 women with AAAs ( P P P Conclusion: The incidence of femoral and popliteal aneurysms in persons with AAAs appears higher than that noted previously. Femoral and popliteal aneurysmal disease preferentially affects men; however, the basis for this sex difference is unknown. Few common etiologic factors differed between men with and without these extremity aneurysms. Most femoral and popliteal artery aneurysms in this study were undetectable on physical examination, suggesting that ultrasound scanning is appropriate in the recognition of peripheral aneurysms among men with AAAs. (J Vasc Surg 2000;31:863-9.)
Control of Hepatic Mitochondrial CO2 Fixation by Glucagon, Epinephrine, and Cortisol

Abstract Hormonal control of the initial step in hepatic gluconeogenesis from pyruvate was examined following acute administration of epinephrine, glucagon, or cortisol to adult rats. After hormonal treatment of the animals, the mitochondria were isolated for the study of pyruvate metabolism. When pyruvate and bicarbonate were the only substrates provided, mitochondrial fixation of carbon dioxide and production of acetyl coenzyme A accounted for the entire uptake of pyruvate. Although none of the three hormones raised the activity of mitochondrial pyruvate carboxylase, each increased mitochondrial pyruvate uptake and secondarily enhanced both CO2 fixation and pyruvate-1-14C decarboxylation. The primary role of mitochondrial pyruvate uptake was confirmed by reducing the osmolality of the suspending medium during incubation of mitochondria with substrate. Increasing mitochondrial uptake of pyruvate by this means enhanced both fixation of CO2 and decarboxylation of pyruvate-1-14C, while reducing the observable effect of hormone. Apparently the rate of pyruvate transfer into mitochondria is of primary importance in the control of mitochondrial CO2 fixation.
The effect of anterior pituitary extract on the developing albino mouse

The present paper extends anterior pituitary injection work in this laboratory with rats (1) to mice, and stresses the effect upon the male genital system. The work of Evans and associates (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) on rats, of Robertson and Ray (7) on mice, and of Putnam, Teel and Benedict (8) on rats and dogs have shown a stimulation of growth from injected extracts of this gland. Similar influences have also been indicated by other work on hypophysectomized rats (9, 10, 11), on thyroidectomized rats (12), and on castrated rats (13, 14). Evans and Long (2, 3) reported inhibition of oestrus and excessive lutein formation in female rats from such injections and similar results have been obtained by Johnson and Sayles (1). Stimulation of sexual development on the other hand has been produced by transplant methods (9, 15, 16, 17) and by extracts prepared from urine of pregnant women (18, 19, 20). Fertility in male rats appeared at first not to be affected by anterior pituitary injections (21) but later work indicated ...
Playing large games using simple strategies

We prove the existence of e-Nash equilibrium strategies with support logarithmic in the number of pure strategies. We also show that the payoffs to all players in any (exact) Nash equilibrium can be e-approximated by the payoffs to the players in some such logarithmic support e-Nash equilibrium. These strategies are also uniform on a multiset of logarithmic size and therefore this leads to a quasi-polynomial algorithm for computing an e-Nash equilibrium. To our knowledge this is the first subexponential algorithm for finding an e-Nash equilibrium. Our results hold for any multiple-player game as long as the number of players is a constant (i.e., it is independent of the number of pure strategies). A similar argument also proves that for a fixed number of players m, the payoffs to all players in any m-tuple of mixed strategies can be e-approximated by the payoffs in some m-tuple of constant support strategies.We also prove that if the payoff matrices of a two person game have low rank then the game has an exact Nash equilibrium with small support. This implies that if the payoff matrices can be well approximated by low rank matrices, the game has an e-equilibrium with small support. It also implies that if the payoff matrices have constant rank we can compute an exact Nash equilibrium in polynomial time.
Evaluation of interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization on direct hematological bone marrow smears

SummaryTraditional cytogenetic analysis from bone marrow aspirates is time consuming and frequently suboptimal due to poor viability of cells in culture. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with appropriate DNA probes is a potential alternative to routine cytogenetics. Our study examined the reliability of uptake of specific alpha satellite centromere probes from chromosome 18 (D18Z1) and X (DXZ1) and the Yq heterochromatin (pHY3.4) directly from routine hematological bone marrow smears. Altogether 34 separate hybridizations, performed on slides from 20 patients, were scored for fluorescence signals. Cells in interphase were examined with each probe using unstained slides. In addition Giemsa stained slides were destained and then used for interphase FISH. Between 412 and 631 cells were scored for the expected number of signals; 2 for the 18 centromere, 2 for the X centromere in females, one signal for the Yqh in males. The results showed the expected number of signals in 87–97% of cells with the 18 ...
Topic-sensitive interactive image object retrieval with noise-proof relevance feedback

One current direction to enhance the search accuracy in visual object retrieval is to reformulate the original query through (pseudo-)relevance feedback, which augments a query with visual terms from the image documents most highly ranked by an initial search or identified by user. However, query and feedback images usually contain multiple objects or aspects, and as a consequence the original query's focus may drift because of the newly added terms and noises. The results of using an augmented query are thus often inferior to that of using only the original one. In this paper we propose the topic-sensitive image retrieval with noise-proof relevance feedback to address the query drift problem in visual object retrieval. The proposed method removes irrelevant noises and topics from both query and feedback images to prevent query drift. A discriminative learning strategy is then employed to re-rank and improve the initial search result. Experiments on a real world data set demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and show that the proposed approach can better learn user intention.
Observable Hyperfine Effects in Muon Capture by Complex Nuclei

The capture rates, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}^{}{}_{}{}^{\mathrm{cap}}$, of the two hyperfine states ${F}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ of the ($p\ensuremath{\mu}$) atom are, in general, expected to be different (spin dependence of muon capture). This difference depends quantitatively on the details of the interaction Hamiltonian, being maximum for an F-GT (i.e., $V\ensuremath{-}A$ type) interaction. An experimental comparison for the ($p\ensuremath{\mu}$) system appears at present difficult, but related spin-dependence effects will be exhibited by bound protons, i.e., complex nuclei. Observable hyperfine (hf) effects of this kind form the object of this paper; their theory is summarized in Sec. II. The character of such effects is dominated by the rate $R$ at which the upper hf state can be converted into the true ground state (through an $M1$ Auger process). Section III contains a detailed calculation of $R$ for all cases of practical interest, while a variety of possible experiments are discussed in Sec. IV. The considerations of this section show that ${\mathrm{F}}^{19}$ constitutes the ideal target, leading to the largest and most readily analyzable effects. We performed three experiments with this target, viz., measured (1) the time distribution of the neutral capture products, (2) the asymmetry of the decay electrons, and (3) the time distribution of the latter; these measurements are described and analyzed in Secs. V through VII. We conclude (Sec. VIII) on the basis of measurements (1) and (3) that the interaction is definitely of the F-GT (as opposed to F+GT) type, assuming that both F and GT interactions are present. Invoking independent observations on muon capture by complex nuclei, this assumption becomes redundant, and we may conclude that the universal Fermi interaction ("$V\ensuremath{-}xA$") is implied by our results. This conclusion is in agreement with recent results on muon capture in liquid hydrogen. The conversion rate observed in experiments (1) and (3) (6.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7 \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) agrees with our prediction ($R=5.8$ \ensuremath{\mu}${\mathrm{sec}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$), which is qualitatively confirmed by experiment (2).
Intrapericardial administration of basic fibroblast growth factor: Myocardial and tissue distribution and comparison with intracoronary and intravenous administration

Growth factor-induced angiogenesis is being investigated in ischemic heart disease. Intracoronary and intravenous delivery are the most practical, but are limited by low myocardial uptake and significant systemic recirculation. The pericardial space may act as a drug delivery reservoir with increased myocardial uptake and reduced systemic toxicities. This study was designed to investigate the myocardial and tissue deposition and retention of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF-2) after intrapericardial administration in normal and chronically ischemic animals. Twelve Yorkshire pigs were used for the study [six normal and six animals with chronic myocardial ischemia (ameroid constrictor on LCx)] with bolus intrapericardial administration of (125)I-FGF-2 (25 micro Ci) with 30 micro g of cold FGF-2 and 3 mg of heparin. Tissue and myocardial distribution was determined at 1 and 24 hr by measuring (125)I-bFGF-specific activity. In addition, regional myocardial deposition was determined using (125)I-bFGF activity and organ level autoradiography. The heart (pericardium and myocardium) accounted for the majority of (125)I-bFGF activity in ischemic animals (30.9% at 1 hr and 23.9% at 24 hr). Left anterior descending artery territory activity/gm of tissue for nonischemic and ischemic animals was 0.01% and 0.01% at 1 hr and 0.0009% and 0.12% at 24 hr, respectively. LCx territory activity for nonischemic and ischemic animals was 0.006% and 0.008% at 1 hr and 0.03% and 0.05% at 24 hr, respectively. Endocardial activity was low at all time points. Liver uptake was 0.47% (nonischemic) and 0.34% (ischemic) at 1 hr and 0.23% (nonischemic) and 0.54% (ischemic) at 24 hr. Intrapericardial delivery of FGF-2 provides markedly higher myocardial deposition and retention and lower systemic recirculation than intracoronary or intravenous delivery at the expense of poor subendocardial penetration. This limitation, however, did not affect its efficacy.
The establishment of alfalfa into different maize residues by conservation‐tillage and its effect on insect infestation

The effect of management of maize residues on the population of insects inimical to the establishment of alfalfa, Medicago sativa L., was examined 1 month after sowing. Alfalfa was sown in early and late April, and late May for 3 consecutive years in Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA. The sowings were made by conservation tillage (direct drilled into maize residue with minimal disturbance of soil) into three different maize residues after (1) silage, (2) silage-plus-winter rye cover and (3) grain. A fourth sowing was by conventional tillage (spring ploughing and harrowing maize residue) after grain. A pesticide, carbofuran (granular formulation) was applied at sowing to half of the plots. Methiocarb bait, a molluscicide, was applied as a split application to the same plots, one-half at sowing and the remainder 2 weeks later. Alfalfa plots in the silage-plus-rye maize residues were colonized with fewer insects than the other residue treatments. Excessive growth of rye in early spring that was not successfully suppressed by herbicide treatment produced vigorous rye plants and fewer alfalfa seedlings. Consequently, silage plus rye had the lowest yield of alfalfa in early April sowings in 2 out of 3 years. Insects known to feed on alfalfa, such as tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palsot de Beauvois), the plant bug, Plagiognathus politus Uhler, pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), and meadow spittlebugs, Philaenus leucophthalmus spumarius (L.), were collected by sweep net 1 month after sowing and less often in the silage-plus-rye treatment. These species were present in greater numbers in the other maize residues that had significantly more alfalfa forage. The insidious flower bug, Orius insidious (Say), and a damsel bug, Nabis americoferus Carayon, were collected in significantly greater numbers in the early April sowings, which corresponded with the peak populations of pea aphid. The potato leafhopper, Empoasca fabae (Harris), was most abundant in plots sowed in late April or late May. Pesticide treatment applied at the time of sowing had very little effect on numbers of insects collected by sweep net 1 month later in 1986 and 1988. However, pesticide treatment significantly increased yield by 280 kg ha−1 in 1987, even though sweep net collections of insects were not reduced by the pesticide treatment. Therefore, the beneficial effect of the pesticide could not be explained on the basis of the insects collected. The highest yields of alfalfa were obtained from the early April sowing into maize residues. This coincided with the time when the majority of alfalfa pests were less abundant than in later sowings; fewer pests were found on the sowings into silage-plus-rye residue. Also, when the rye forage yield was combined with the alfalfa yield, this became the most productive system.
The Roles of Statics and Dynamics in Determining Transitions Between Atomic Friction Regimes

We introduce a model AFM tip/substrate system that includes full atomistic detail as well as system compliance to study the transitions between three regimes of atomic friction: smooth sliding, stick-single slip, and stick-multiple slip. We characterize these atomic friction regimes in terms of static and dynamic effects, and investigate how the slip modes affect the mean friction. Molecular statics calculations show that reduced-order model predictions of possible transitions between slip regimes are generally adequate for a fully atomistic system, even for complex reaction coordinates. However, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that, while static features of the system govern possible slip regimes, dynamic effects ultimately determine actual transitions between slip regimes.
Recapitulation of the Cellular Xeroderma Pigmentosum-Variant Phenotypes Using Short Interfering RNA for DNA Polymerase Η

The lesion-specific DNA polymerase POLH gene is mutated in xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP-V) patients who exhibit an increased skin cancer incidence from UV exposure. Normal cells in which POLH expression was reduced using short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) were compared with the XP-V cellular phenotype that results from naturally occurring inactivating mutations. Stable clones expressing siRNA had partially reduced POLH protein levels, and intermediate levels of UV sensitivity and S phase checkpoint activation, but similar levels of Mre11 foci as in XP-V cells. Therefore, suppression of POLH expression levels by siRNA recapitulates most of the phenotypes seen in cells from XP-V patients with inactivating mutations in POLH.
Compactness methods in free boundary problems

(1980). Compactness methods in free boundary problems. Communications in Partial Differential Equations: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 427-448.
Cu wire bonding with Cu BSOB for SiP & stacked die application: Challenges & solutions

In this paper, key challenges for Copper (Cu) BSOB wire bonding process and its solutions are discussed. Cu wire bonding is an alternative interconnection technology for Gold (Au) wire bonding. Cu wire is attractive because of its cost, electrical and thermo-mechanical properties. BSOB is the short form of Bond - Stitch - on - Ball. It is used on devices that require die-die wire bonding in multi chip modules (MCM), stacked die and System in Package (SiP) applications. BSOB also widely used while performing reverse bonding. Replacing gold (Au) wire with Cu wire in the wire bonding process comes with technical challenges. In this study, the process and parameter requirements for a stable Cu BSOB process are identified. They are bonding concept and special software features for Cu wire bonding to have minimum bonding stress to the bond pad, Cu bump with flat top surface without any protruded tail of the Cu bump, oxidation control of the Cu bump and stable stitch bond parameters good enough to break the Cu oxide on the Cu bump at the same this should not be high to make the wire skid. The Cu BSOB process also applied in few case studies.
Asian Pacific-American Public Opinion and Political Participation

Studying Asian-American politics with public opinion data is a relatively new phenomenon. Only in the last decade have a number of surveys (collected mostly at the local or regional level) been taken, reflecting expanded interest in the growing Asian-American population and the development of ethnic sampling and interviewing techniques. In this article, the terms “Asian” and “Asian American” are used interchangeably. While most research on Asian-American political behavior focuses on voting, some work examines other forms of political participation. Recent scholarship concerns not only individual characteristics, but also contextual and institutional factors.
Animal models of ulcerative colitis and their application in drug research

The specific pathogenesis underlying inflammatory bowel disease is complex, and it is even more difficult to decipher the pathophysiology to explain for the similarities and differences between two of its major subtypes, Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis (UC). Animal models are indispensable to pry into mechanistic details that will facilitate better preclinical drug/therapy design to target specific components involved in the disease pathogenesis. This review focuses on common animal models that are particularly useful for the study of UC and its therapeutic strategy. Recent reports of the latest compounds, therapeutic strategies, and approaches tested on UC animal models are also discussed.
Calibration Studies at TXAR

Calibration studies at TXAR (Lajitas, Texas) used a modified version of the correlation method described by Cansi et al. (1993) in order to estimate azimuth and horizontal phase velocity of 144 events for which USGS m b values were available. Modifications to the correlation method include the Fourier interpolation of the data by a factor of 8 to obtain a virtual sample rate of 320/sec, use of an L1 norm (least absolute deviation) to obtain estimates of the azimuth and phase velocity, and a moving window display to indicate those portions of the waveform that show strongest correlation across the array. Corrected phase velocities normally associated with Pn (less than 8.6 km/s) are generally seen for events at epicentral distance as far as 2,000 km. Upper mantle refracted first arrivals (P) with corrected phase velocities greater than 8.6 km/s are generally observed for epicentral distances beyond about 1,600 km. Phase identification is essential in order to select a suitable magnitude scale. Based on the 144 well-located events by USGS and using the Denny et al. (1987) formula, the most reliable magnitude estimates are as follows: For horizontal phase velocity less than 8.6 km/sec: m b ( D ) = log A + 2.4 (log D ) - 3.95 + C , with C = +0.3 For horizontal phase velocity greater than 8.6 km/sec: m b ( D ) = log A + 2.4 (log D ) - 3.95 + C , with C = −0.50 The M -discontinuity beneath TXAR was determined to the first order to strike along an azimuth of 109 degrees (NW-SE) and dip 11 degrees to the northeast. This result is consistent with the tectonic setting for the area.
Noninvasive Breast Cancer

Noninvasive breast cancer includes ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS). Phyllodes tumors are rare stromal tumors whose histology and behavior vary from benign to malignant. In both DCIS and LCIS, abnormal cells are present within the lining of the duct or lobule but have not invaded through the basement membrane. These lesions have different behaviors and different demographic profiles. Neither DCIS nor LCIS has potential for metastases. The majority of in situ breast cancers are DCIS. DCIS represents a premalignant marker for invasive breast cancer risk in the ipsilateral breast, whereas LCIS confers an increased risk for the development of invasive breast cancer in both breasts. The majority of DCIS are found radiographically, while the majority of LCIS are found incidentally on biopsy. Immunohistochemical staining with E-cadherin allows differentiation of DCIS and LCIS. Identification of histologic subtypes of DCIS allows for prognostication and aids management decisions. The treatment and prevention goals are more aggressive for DCIS compared to LCIS. When possible, breast conservation with wide excision to negative margins is generally followed by postoperative radiation. Unlike DCIS, clear margins (except for the pleomorphic subtype) are not required for excision of LCIS, and ipsilateral mastectomy and radiation are not indicated. Women with estrogen receptor-positive DCIS benefit from adjuvant endocrine therapy, and trials suggest that women with LCIS may benefit from tamoxifen or raloxifene. Phyllodes tumors are mostly benign lesions with malignant potential. Surgical treatment for the majority of phyllodes tumors is wide local excision. Adjuvant radiotherapy may be beneficial for malignant and borderline phyllodes tumors treated with breast-conserving surgery.
Spatial Variation in the Relationship between Hispanic Concentration and County Poverty: A Migration Perspective

Racial/ethnic minority concentration is generally positively related to county poverty. Yet, spatial variation in this relationship may call into question the meaning attached to racial/ethnic concentration. We argue that racial/ethnic concentration reflects more than just the concentration of individuals from a disadvantaged group. In addition, we extend previous work by taking a migration perspective to explain spatial non-stationarity in racial/ethnic concentration’s relationship with county poverty. Factors related to the migration process, including migrant selectivity and spatial differentiation in place characteristics, could alter the relationship between a minority group’s concentration and poverty. We employ spatially informed methods and 2006–2010 American Community Survey data to examine the relationship between Hispanic concentration and county poverty. The GWR results indicate significant spatial variation in the percent Hispanic-county poverty relationship. Hispanic migration regimes capture some of the observed relationship non-stationarity, suggesting migration-related processes partially drive Hispanic-county poverty relationship non-stationarity. However, we discuss other explanations that should be considered in future research. This work advances research on spatial inequality by examining the social implications of migration and by investigating the role of place in shaping the meaning of minority concentration.
How Helicobacter pylori senses, targets and interacts with the gastric epithelium

Helicobacter pylori is a human-specific pathogen that chronically infects about 50% of the world's population. After travelling through the harsh environment of the stomach lumen, H. pylori colonizes the mucosal surface and within the glands of the human stomach. During colonization, H. pylori uses motility and its chemotaxis signalling system to sense the environment to reach the gastric epithelium for colonization, where it is able to attach to the epithelial surface. The H. pylori population inside the stomach contains a subgroup of bacteria that are attached to the gastric epithelium and a larger subgroup of non-attached bacteria that are freely swimming. To establish a tight interaction between H. pylori and epithelial cells, the bacterium produces a variety of adhesins and delivers virulence factors. These lead to alterations in the host signalling pathways, inducing pro-inflammatory responses, apoptosis, uncontrolled cell proliferation, and eventually peptic ulcers and gastric cancer. To prevent disease and find a vaccine or better treatments, it is crucial to understand how H. pylori is able to sense its niche for chronic infection inside the stomach and how its virulence factors interact with the epithelial target cells.
The fusion curve of albite revisited and the compressibility of NaAlSi3O8 liquid with pressure

The 1bar, thermodynamic properties of crystalline and liquid NaAlSi 3 O 8 are used to calculate the fusion curve of albite to 10 kbar. The calculated temperatures (±2σ) of the melting reaction are 1152 (±7) °C at 3 kbar and 1247 (±24) °C at 10 kbar. The location of the calculated fusion curve to 10 kbar is in excellent agreement with phase-equilibrium constraints on the maximum and minimum temperatures of the fusion curve at 3 and 15 kbar, respectively. Calculation of the melting reaction at pressures >10 kbar requires that the pressure dependence of the liquid compressibility ( K 0 ′ = d K T ,0 / d P , where K T ,0 = 1/β T ,0 ) be known. On the basis of five half-reversal, crystallization experiments in the literature, which collectively provide minimum temperatures of the fusion curve between 12 and 32 kbar, K 0 ′ (derived from the Birch-Murnaghan relation) is constrained to be ≥10 for liquid NaAlSi3O8. A comparison with other silicate liquids shows that there is a strong, positive correlation between the compressibility at one bar (β T ,0 ) and K 0 ′. In addition, data on the water-saturated fusion curve of albite are used to quantify the effect of small amounts of H 2 O (≤1 wt%) on lowering the melting temperature of albite (≤68 degrees).
Public Administration Theory and the Gentler Side of Kym Thorne

As a critical theorist, Kym Thorne, in his writings, often preached a fiery, radical, and sometimes, frankly, even angry brand of public administration theory, one admittedly quite different from a...
Historical, psychological and cultural influences upon the sport success of Czechoslovakian athletes

AbstractIn an attempt to demonstrate how values drive differences in terms of sport behaviour and attitudes, researchers have sought to operationalize causative factors of athletic success (Crampton, 2004; Kavalir, 2004; Schwarz, 1992; Schwartz & Bardi, 2001; Svoboda, 2000). One theme often used to explain outstanding sports performance is that of “hard work” or a strong work ethic. Of note is the fact that three of the most prestigious figures in the history of psychology – Freud, Erikson and Selye – have studied the impact of work in the context of the Czechoslovakian experience and how its acceptance as a life theme can motivate individuals, such as sports figures, to attain outstanding success. This ideology of hard work grounded in a strong work ethic going back over 1,000 years has been perpetuated by Czechoslovakian competitors in Europe, North America and other parts of the world. Factors relating to historical, psychological and cultural precedents will be presented in this report in an attempt t...
Scrotal Ultrasonography and the Management of Testicular Trauma

SUMMARY The early surgical repair of testicular injuries has reduced morbidity and increased testicular salvage. Orchiectomy can be avoided in about 90 per cent of cases. Ultrasound has increased our ability to diagnose parenchymal injury preoperatively and thus to advise the frightened patient more authoritatively and assure ourselves of the necessity of surgical exploration. In most cases, the patient can expect a short convalescence and preservation of his injured gonad.
Maxwell—Boltzmann Dynamics

Kinetic theory modeling can be applied to the dispersed component in a dispersed multicomponent flow. It motivates the use of an entropy associated with the dispersed component, and leads to constitutive equations for the dispersed component Reynolds stress.