cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosocial burden and glycemic control during the first 6 years of diabetes: results from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the psychosocial burden of adolescents with diabetes, determine the trajectory of psychosocial burden, and examine the interdependent relationships between psychosocial burden and glycemic control across the first 6 years of diabetes. Methods Data from SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, an observational study of U.S. children diagnosed with diabetes before the age of 20, were collected during study visits conducted at baseline and then at 12, 24, and 60 months after baseline. Blood was drawn, clinical and demographic information was collected, and psychosocial burden was evaluated using standardized depression and generic and diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (QOL) surveys. Results Among the 1,307 adolescents (mean age, 14.1±2.5 years) with baseline data, 1,026 had type 1 diabetes and 281 had type 2 diabetes. For those with a 60-month follow-up visit, glycated hemoglobin (A 1c ) values rose 1.5% from baseline (type 1, 7.7%–9.3% and type 2, 7.3%–8.8%). Adolescents with type 2 diabetes reported more depression and poorer QOL than adolescents with type 1 diabetes. For each diabetes type, there were similar baseline risk factors for higher A 1c values: longer diabetes duration, ethnic minority status, and declining diabetes QOL ( p 1c values with increasing generic QOL, an unexpected finding. Younger adolescents with type 1 diabetes had higher A 1c values at the end of the study. Conclusions Significant deterioration in glycemic control marks the first 6 years of diabetes for adolescents. Psychosocial burden, particularly poor diabetes-specific QOL, is a contributor to suboptimal glycemic outcomes.
Brain MRI, Apoliprotein E Genotype, and Plasma Homocysteine in American Indian Alzheimer Disease Patients and Indian Controls

We obtained brain MRIs, plasma homocysteine levels and apolipoprotein E genotyping for 11 American Indian Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects and 10 Indian controls. We calculated white matter hyperintensity volume (WMHV), whole brain volume (WBV), and ratio of white matter hyperintensity volume to whole brain volume (WMHV/WBV). There were no significant differences between AD subjects and controls in gender, history of hypertension, diabetes, or history of high cholesterol, but hypertension and diabetes were more common among AD subjects. There was no difference between AD and control groups in age (range for all subjects was 61–89 years), % Indian heritage, waist size or body mass index. Median Indian heritage was 50% or greater in both groups. Range of education was 5–13 years in the AD group and 12–16 years in controls. Median plasma homocysteine concentration was higher in AD subjects (11 μmol/L vs. 9.8 μmol/L), but did not achieve statistical significance. Significantly more AD subjects had apolipoprotein Ee4 alleles than did controls (63% vs.10%). Neuroimaging findings were not significantly different between the 2 groups, but AD subjects had greater WMHV (median 15.64 vs. 5.52 cc) and greater WMHV/WBV ratio (median 1.63 vs. 0.65 %) and a far greater range of WMHV. In combined AD subjects and controls, WBV correlated with BMI and age. WMHV and WMHV/WBV correlated inversely with MMSE scores (p = 0.001, 0.002, respectively). In addition, WMHV correlated positively with % Indian heritage (p = 0.047).
Generating partially coherent Schell-model sources using a modified phase screen approach

A significant improvement to the recently introduced complex screen (CS) method for generating partially coherent Schell-model sources is presented. The method, called the modified phase screen (MPS) technique, applies a deterministic amplitude and the phase portion of a CS to an initially coherent light source using a single phase-only spatial light modulator. The MPS technique, unlike the CS approach from which it is derived, does not produce a fully developed speckle pattern in the source plane, and therefore converges faster and more uniformly to the desired partially coherent source. The analytical development of the MPS method is presented. Experimental results of a Bessel-Gaussian-correlated Schell-model source, generated using the CS and MPS approaches, are compared to demonstrate the validity and utility of the MPS technique.
Okinawa's Citizen Judge Panels vs. U.S. Military Hegemony: WikiLeaks’ Secret U.S. Cable Document on the Lay Adjudication of American Soldier Criminal Cases in Japan's Saiban-in Trials

In 2009, the Japanese government finally introduced the much-anticipated system of lay adjudication called Saiban-in Seido (a quasi-jury system). For the first time in Japan’s legal history, this quasi-jury system enabled the adjudication of crimes committed by American military personnel in Japan’s lay court. A recently exposed WikiLeaks document revealed that, prior to the introduction of the lay adjudication system in 2009, the American Consulate in Okinawa sent a diplomatic cable to the U.S. State Department in Washington, D.C., examining both positive and negative impacts of the lay adjudication in Okinawa. The report also suggested a set of creative strategies to counteract and rectify jurors’ anti-American prejudices and anti-base biases.This paper examines the U.S. Government’s assessment of the impact of Japan’s quasi-jury system on the lay adjudication of military crimes in Japan. Part 1 examines the content of the U.S. State Department cable and its assessment of the potential impact of Saiban-in trials. This section also examines the American Consulate’s analysis of the Okinawan people’s perception of U.S. Armed Forces bases in Japan and military personnel stationed on the island.Part II provides analytic results of two opinion surveys conducted about views and opinions on the lay adjudication of crimes committed by military personnel. These large surveys were conducted at the end of 2010 and the beginning of 2011, including: (1) a nationwide survey (n=800), and (2) another representative survey of residents of the Island of Okinawa (n=800).Part III explores important questions with respect to Okinawa’s search for judicial sovereignty and political independence from both the U.S. and Japanese governments. Okinawa was once an independent kingdom that was forcefully annexed by Japan in 1879. After WWII, the island remained as a virtual U.S. military colony.Part IV concludes that lay adjudication of American military personnel in 2010 and 2011 helped express indigenous voices and created a possible path for attaining Okinawa’s political independence and judicial sovereignty.
Experimental observation of the (3)Σ1u+ state of Na 2 by deperturbation of the CΠ1 u −XΣ1g+ system

Doppler-free UV-excitation spectra, obtained by modulated population spectroscopy, reveal perturbations of a few hundred e levels of the C1Πu state in Na2. We ascribe the perturbations to the (3)Σ1u+ state. After deperturbation, information about 15 vibrational levels of the (3)Σ1u+ state was extracted. This information was used to deduce a set of Dunham coefficients and the Rydberg–Klein–Rees potential for the state. The experimental results show that the potential of the (3)Σ1u+ state is one with a double minimum or an inflection. In addition, it has a flattened bottom with Te = 31 247.82 cm−1. As a consequence, the vibrational spacing at first increases and then decreases as a function of υ. Comparison of the experimental results and theoretical calculations yielded fairly good agreement.
Far-Field Photostable Optical Nanoscopy (PHOTON)

Unlike fluorescence-based nanoscopy, far-field photostable optical nanoscopy (PHOTON) uses intrinsic size, shape, and surface-dependent localized-surface-plasmon-resonance (LSPR) spectra of single plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) as multispectral (color) probes to achieve sub-diffraction optical imaging. PHOTON includes one standard dark-field optical microscope with a halogen-lamp illuminator (no need of laser excitation); single-molecule-nanoparticle-optical-biosensors (SMNOBS) with exceptionally high quantum-yield (QY) of Rayleigh scattering and photostability (non-photobleaching, non-photoblinking) as imaging probes; and Multispectral Imaging System (MSIS) for spectral isolation of individual SMNOBS with 1 nm wavelength resolution. PHOTON offers superior sensing and imaging capabilities, and the SMNOBS provide unrivaled biocompatibility, photostability, and versatilities for quantitative and super-resolution imaging of single live cells with single molecular sensitivity.
Occupied Japan as History and Occupation History as Politics

For Western scholars, occupied Japan remains something of an anomaly: too remote (1945–1952) for most economists and political scientists, still uncomfortably close for historians. Americanists seem intimidated by the exotic hieroglyphics on the other side, while Japan specialists shy away in fear of losing their assumed thoroughbred image should their footnotes betray too much English. Buried under a veritable mountain of grist for research, as these two recent bibliographies attest, there is as yet no single scholarly overview of the subject in English. Such neglect is unfortunate, for the problems and potential insights involved are substantial.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV): Design Trends

This paper looks at the trends in design procedures in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Rapid advances in technology are enabling more and more capability to be placed on smaller airframes which is spurring a large increase in the number of UAVs being deployed in the army. The military role of UAV is growing at unprecedented rates. The UAV is an acronym for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, which is an aircraft with no pilot on board. UAVs can be remote controlled aircraft (e.g. flown by a pilot at a ground control station) or can fly autonomously based on pre-programmed flight plans or more complex dynamic automation systems. A variety of design configurations are in use. The primary driving parameters in all UAVs is the need for maximizing available wing area and wing effectiveness, while minimizing the required storage volume. The major factors in determining the relative merit of the different concepts are the evaluation of structural viability, mechanical complexity and overall system survivability by G forces. This paper examines some of the design methodologies and hardware-in-the loop simulation environment to support and validate the UAV hardware and software development.© 2011 ASME
Personality and reported quality of life in Parkinson's disease

Objective Personality affects an individual's ability to cope with the burden of chronic disease. However, the impact of personality on quality of life (QoL) in Parkinson's disease (PD) is not well characterized. The goal of this study is to determine the effect of personality on QoL in PD. Methods The study included 92 patients with idiopathic PD from Baltimore-Washington area movement disorder neurology clinics. QoL was assessed using the 37-item Parkinson's disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL) total score, and the Neuroticism–Extraversion–Openness Inventory was used to determine personality traits. Results Step-wise regression models examined the contribution of personality, depression, demographic, and PD variables on PDQL-assessed QoL. Neuroticism, conscientiousness, years of education, and depression explained 42% of the variance in the PDQL total score after adjusting for other disease variables. High neuroticism (β = −0.727, 95% confidence interval (CI) −1.125, −0.328, p < 0.0001) and depression (β = −9.058, 95%CI −17.46, −0.657, p = 0.035) negatively affected the PDQL, while high conscientiousness (β = 0.468, 95%CI 0.078, 0.858, p = 0.019), and years of education (β = 1.441, 95%CI 0.371, 2.510, p = 0.009) were positive factors. Conclusions Personality can have a positive or negative influence on QoL in PD. PD patients with otherwise similar disease burdens and depressive symptoms may experience different levels of QoL depending on the level of neurotic or conscientious personality traits. Therefore, when interpreting patient responses on the PDQL, it is important to understand whether they reflect aspects of PD, that is, motor impairment and depression, which are amenable to treatment or whether they reflect personality traits.
Rheological and structural characterization of whey protein gelation induced by enzymatic hydrolysis

Whey proteins hydrolyzed by Bacillus licheniformis protease (BLP) form soft and turbid aggregate gels with potential food and biotechnological applications. The purpose of the study was to characterize protease-induced whey protein gelation by comparing different protein and enzyme concentrations in terms of gel mechanical and microstructural properties, and conformational changes in the protein secondary structure due to hydrolysis and gelation. Gels formed with whey protein isolate (WPI), at concentrations 5 and 10% (w/v), and BLP concentrations, BLP/WPI (w/w), of 1, 3, and 5% were studied. Regardless of the enzyme concentration, gels with 10% WPI were strong and elastic while those with 5% WPI were weak. Gelation time decreased as the enzyme concentration increased for both protein concentrations. Gel strengths values of 10% WPI samples were independent of BLP concentrations at the end of the incubation period. Creep tests performed on the resulting gels showed that 10% WPI gels with different BLP concentration had similar elasticity, slightly increasing with BLP amount. Remarkable differences were observed in the microstructures of gel prepared with different concentrations of protein and BLP. Changes in the protein secondary structure measured during the gelation were small before gelation. However, sudden changes were observed when the samples gelled, and also after 7 h of incubation at 50 °C (time in which samples reached a plateau in G* as seen by rheology tests). Results revealed that without enzyme, hydrolysis of the protein was not promoted and the protein secondary structure remains the same; only a slight denaturation was observed when the protein was incubated at 50 °C.
Comparing Efficacy of Online and In-Person Versions of a Training on U.S. Federal Wage and Hour, Child Labor Laws, and Hazardous Occupations Orders for Secondary School Professionals

Background: The New Jersey Safe Schools Program (NJSS) offers courses required for secondary school vocational-career-technical education teachers to become school-sponsored structured learning experience supervisors. The “Federal Wage and Hour and Child Labor Laws, Regulations and Hazardous Order Course” (FWH) was originally conducted in-person by U.S. Department of Labor-Wage and Hour Division from 2005-summer 2013, at which time NJSS began conducting this course in-person (October 2013-April 2015). Beginning March 2015, this course was conducted online; beta-/pilot tests were conducted winter 2014-15. Starting in May 2015, this course was offered exclusively online. This paper analyzes data from the in-person and online versions of the FWH, including overall course evaluation data comparing two versions with similar questions/constructs. Methods: NJSS modifications to FWH included adding information regarding the Fair Labor Standards Act’s Section 14(c) and supplemental case studies. The online version included information/resources provided during the in-person training plus assessments to supplement each module; the online version was split into modules to allow participants scheduling flexibility. Participants were allowed multiple possible attempts to achieve a minimum passing grade of 70%, excluding two ungraded activities (crossword puzzles simply completed). Descriptive statistics evaluated user satisfaction with the online compared to the in-person version of FWH, and performance on aforementioned online assessments replacing in-person discussions/interactions. Results: Between October 2013-April 2015, 160 participants completed the training in-person; 156 had complete data. Between April-November 2015, 78 participants completed the training online; 74 participants had complete data. Other enrolled participants were in progress (not done as of 12/23/2015). Overall satisfaction was similarly high for in-person and online versions of FWH; over 95% of responding participants recommended this course to colleagues. Course evaluations for in-person participants indicated 83% felt course objectives were completely met, whereas 95% of the responding online cohort felt course objectives were completely met. Further analyses examined performance of online assessments regarding number of attempts and scores achieved, and performance on highlighted questions in certain module lessons. Conclusion: Data suggested the online format as a viable alternative to an in-person version of this training, and provided NJSS and agency partners with ideas on how modifications/improvements can be made.
Observe of Immunogenicity Efficacy and Security of Three Kinds of Hepatitis A Vaccine

OBJECTIVE Compare the inoculate reaction and immunogenicity efficacy of three kinds of hepatitis A vaccines,to provide a scientific evidence for children's prevention from hepatitis A. METHOD 193 children of 2～3 years old,all were negative anti-hepatitis A virus(anti-HAV)antibody,were selected from Luohu District of Shenzhen. The children were all immunized with imported inactivated HA vaccine Havrix and home-made inactivated HA vaccine Healive and home-made freeze-dry live attenuated HA vaccine respectively. The local and the systemic adverse effects were observed after 48 hours of the vaccination,and the serum samples collected one or two months after the full inoculation were tested for the seroconvertion rate and geometric mean titers (GMT)of HAV antibodies. RESULT No severe adverse events occurred after the 1 st and 2nd dose Hepatitis A virus vaccination. Only some slight and temporary local and systemic reactions occurred on 4 children 48 hours after the vaccination. And the positive seroconversion rate of Havrix was 92.86%,the rate of Healive and freeze-dry were 67.61% and 61.25%,while the anti-HAV GMT was 1∶28.28?1∶53.39和1∶5.76. CONCLUSION That the safety of these three kinds of hepatitis A vaccines are satisfaction.
Simultaneous determination of lutein and β-carotene in infant formulas by high pressure liquid chromatography

Objective To establish a rapid method for simultaneous determination of lutein and β-caortene in infant formulas by high pressure liquid chromatographic. Methods The homogenized samples were added with 2 mL 50% potassium hydroxide solution, saponified at 70 ℃ for 15 min then extracted with petroleum ether and diethyl ether followed by wash and concentration. The lutein and β-carotene were separated by an C30 column and detected by the UV detector at a wavelength of 450 nm. Results The method showed a good linearity over the range of 0.2~4.0 μg/mL with R 20.9990. The recoveries at three spiked levels were between 80%~90%. The relative standard deviation was less than 5%. Conclusion This method is simple, rapid and accurate for simultaneous determination of lutein and β-carotene in infant formulas.
Indepentdent innovation is the core philosophy of developing software export industry

This paper,based on the fact that China has been preparing for entering information society,reviews the development model of information society in the developed countries,takes a typical instance of Dalian software exporting base to analyze the current situation of the software industry,and furthermore,summarizes the three levels and three stages of developing software exporting in China,then it indicates the problems in development and the solutions.
Protein targeting to peroxisomes.

Peroxisomes are single-membrane-bound organelles that have important functions in cell metabolism. They are almost ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells and biochemical findings over the past 10 years have shown that they are involved in cell respiration, and also play a significant role in lipid metabolism (for reviews, see [ l , 21). In recent years, studies have been initiated in a variety o f systems aimed at defining the mechanisms involved in peroxisome biogenesis. These include investigations in yeasts and plants, as well as in higher eukaryotic cells. Results from these studies indicate that the biogenesis of peroxisomes is a Peroxisomes contain no DNA, therefore, all s are encoded in the nucleus. It is now well established that the development of peroxisomes requires the post-translational import of proteins that are synthesized o n cytosolic ribosomes. This is true o f both pcroxisomal matrix and membrane proteins. New peroxisomes arc thought to form by division of preexisting peroxisomes. In this respect, the biogenesis of peroxisomes resembles that of mitochondria. Mitochondria contain DNA but this genomc encodes less than 10% of mitochondrial proteins. Thc majority of mitochondrial proteins arc nuclearly encoded, many as larger precursors, and enter the organelle posttranslationally. This step is often accompanied by proteolytic cleavage of a leader peptide (for a review, see [3]) . Most peroxisomal proteins are synthesized at their mature size and lack cleavable topogenic sequences. Thus, much interest has been generated as to the type of signal that acts to direct peroxisomal proteins to peroxisomes and whether the mechanism of import resembles or differs from that in other organelles. In mitochondrial studies, these questions have becn addressed by establishing both in vitro and in vivo import assays t o follow the fate of individual proteins. Similar types of experiments have been initiated with peroxisdmal proteins to define and compare the mechanisms involved in transport of these proteins to peroxisomes. The post-translational import of peroxisomal proteins was first accomplished in vitro with rat liver peroxisomes [4]. Using a modification of this system, hydrolysis of ATP was found to be a requirement for the import of acyl-CoA oxidase (AOx; the first enzyme in the peroxisomal /?-oxidation cycle) [5]. A potential across the peroxisomal membrane was not necessary for this import to occur. An import assay was established in vitro with peroxisomes from the yeast Cundidu tropiculis, for which cDNAs were available [ 61. Peroxisomes
Drop-to-drop variation in the cellular components of fingerprick blood: implications for point-of-care diagnostic development.

Objectives Blood obtained via fingerprick is commonly used in point-of-care assays, but few studies have assessed variability in parameters obtained from successive drops of fingerprick blood, which may cause problems for clinical decision making and for assessing accuracy of point-of-care tests. Methods We used a hematology analyzer to analyze the hemoglobin concentration, total WBC count, three-part WBC differential, and platelet count in six successive drops of blood collected from one fingerprick from each of 11 donors, and we used a hemoglobinometer to measure the hemoglobin concentration of 10 drops of fingerprick blood from each of 7 donors. Results The average percent coefficient of variation (CV) for successive drops of fingerprick blood was higher by up to 3.4 times for hemoglobin, 5.7 times for WBC count, 3 times for lymphocyte count, 7.7 times for granulocyte count, and 4 times for platelets than in venous controls measured using a hematology analyzer. The average percent CV for fingerprick blood was up to 5 times higher for hemoglobin than venous blood measured using a point-of-care hemoglobinometer. Fluctuations in blood parameters with increasing volume of fingerprick blood are within instrument variability for volumes equal to or greater than 60 to 100 μL. Conclusions These data suggest caution when using measurements from a single drop of fingerprick blood.
Keynes as a Classical Economist

One thing that must be kept in mind throughout the reading of these pages is that Keynes was always a classical economist. Much space will be devoted below to the manner in which he made a significant break with classical doctrine; but as all economists know, it is almost impossible to get rid of early impressions, especially after they have stuck for two decades or more. It was not until Keynes had lived through a few years of the world’s greatest economic catastrophe that he was able to divorce himself from some of the standard doctrines. In this chapter we shall look carefully at the body of economic theory and policy (always so important with Keynes), which was being espoused by Keynes, in order that we may get a clear picture of the development which must have been going on in his own mind up to the early part of the thirties.
Human Trafficking: An Exploratory Review of Awareness and Training Videos

With the advent of a relatively newly recognized social phenomenon, human trafficking, there are dozens of agencies providing awareness and training materials on the subject. Many of these material...
Framework for use of generalized force and torque data in transitional levels of autonomy

Manipulation of hazardous materials requires the use of robotics to limit exposure of human operators to the danger. In order to improve manipulator effectiveness while ensuring reliability and redundancy, layers of control are implemented in increments. Each level of autonomy is established such that should a fault occur, the control system can be operated at a lower level of autonomy. Force and torque data can be used as both a structural element of a level of autonomy and for fault detection. This paper presents a framework for the use of generalized force and torque data for improving manipulator safety, operational effectiveness, and world model augmentation. The framework is applied to a demonstration of the automated door opening.
A Comparison of Pattern Recognition Control and Direct Control of a Multiple Degree-of-Freedom Transradial Prosthesis

With existing conventional prosthesis control (direct control), individuals with a transradial amputation use two opposing muscle groups to control each prosthesis motor. As component complexity increases, subjects must switch the prosthesis into different modes to control each component in sequence. Pattern recognition control offers the ability to control multiple movements in a seamless manner without switching. In this paper, three individuals with a transradial amputation completed a home trial to compare direct control and pattern recognition control of a multiple degree-of-freedom prosthesis. Outcome measures before and after the home trial, together with subject questionnaires, were used to evaluate functional control. Although small, this trial has implications for the implementation of pattern recognition in commercial control systems and for future research studies.
Feminist Theory in Family Studies: History, Reflection, and Critique

In this invited commentary, I address the history and impact of feminist theory in family studies, casting a critical perspective on theorizing in both feminist studies and family studies. I assess indicators of the impact of feminist theory on the study of families, consider the enduring tensions in feminist family theory, and trace 4 generations of feminist theorizing and activism as a prelude to the ways that feminist theory critiques the patriarchal family. Through texts that reflect some of my own educational experiences, I discuss a selection of articles and books that have been influential in establishing the body of knowledge associated with feminist family studies. I conclude with a reflection on the life and work of Alexis J. Walker, to whom this article is dedicated.
An automatic cells detection and segmentation

This paper presents an end-to-end framework for automatically detecting and segmenting blood cells including normal red blood cells (RBCs), connected RBCs, abnormal RBCs (i.e. tear drop, burr cell, helmet, etc.) and white blood cells (WBCs). Our proposed system contains several components to solve different problems regarding RBCs and WBCs. We first design a novel blood cell color representation which is able to emphasize the RBCs and WBCs in separate channels. Template matching technique is then employed to individually detect RBCs and WBCs in our proposed representation. In order to automatically segment the RBCs and nuclei from WBCs, we develop an adaptive level set-based segmentation method which makes use of both local and global information. The detected and segmented RBCs, however, can be a single RBC, a connected RBC or an abnormal RBC. Therefore, we first separate and reconstruct RBCs from the connected RBCs by our suggested modified template matching. Shape matching by inner distance is later used to classify the abnormal RBCs from the normal RBCs. Our proposed method has been tested and evaluated on different images from ALL-IDB,10 WebPath,24 UPMC,23 Flicker datasets, and the one used by Mohamed et al.14 The precision and recall of RBCs detection are 98.43% and 94.99% respectively, whereas those of WBCs detection are 99.12% and 99.12%. The F-measure of our proposed WBCs segmentation gets up to 95.8%.
Harnessing the Immunotherapy Revolution for the Treatment of Childhood Cancers

Cancer immunotherapies can be classified into agents that amplify natural immune responses (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) versus synthetic immunotherapies designed to initiate new responses (e.g., monoclonal antibodies [mAbs], chimeric antigen receptors [CARs]). Checkpoint inhibitors mediate unprecedented benefit in some adult cancers, but have not demonstrated significant activity in pediatric cancers, likely due their paucity of neoantigens. In contrast, synthetic immunotherapies such as mAbs and CAR T cells demonstrate impressive effects against childhood cancers. Intense efforts are underway to enhance the effectiveness of pediatric cancer immunotherapies through improved engineering of synthetic immunotherapies and by combining these with agents designed to amplify immune responses.
Beam dynamics simulation of a double pass proton linear accelerator

Author(s): Hwang, K; Qiang, J | Abstract: A recirculating superconducting linear accelerator with the advantage of both straight and circular accelerator has been demonstrated with relativistic electron beams. The acceleration concept of a recirculating proton beam was recently proposed [J. Qiang, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. A 795, 77 (2015NIMAER0168-900210.1016/j.nima.2015.05.056)] and is currently under study. In order to further support the concept, the beam dynamics study on a recirculating proton linear accelerator has to be carried out. In this paper, we study the feasibility of a two-pass recirculating proton linear accelerator through the direct numerical beam dynamics design optimization and the start-to-end simulation. This study shows that the two-pass simultaneous focusing without particle losses is attainable including fully 3D space-charge effects through the entire accelerator system.
Pharmacological inhibition of REV-ERB stimulates differentiation, inhibits turnover and reduces fibrosis in dystrophic muscle

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a debilitating X-linked disorder that is fatal. DMD patients lack the expression of the structural protein dystrophin caused by mutations within the DMD gene. The absence of functional dystrophin protein results in excessive damage from normal muscle use due to the compromised structural integrity of the dystrophin associated glycoprotein complex. As a result, DMD patients exhibit ongoing cycles of muscle destruction and regeneration that promote inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, satellite cell (SC) exhaustion and loss of skeletal and cardiac muscle function. The nuclear receptor REV-ERB suppresses myoblast differentiation and recently we have demonstrated that the REV-ERB antagonist, SR8278, stimulates muscle regeneration after acute injury. Therefore, we decided to explore whether the REV-ERB antagonist SR8278 could slow the progression of muscular dystrophy. In mdx mice SR8278 increased lean mass and muscle function, and decreased muscle fibrosis and muscle protein degradation. Interestingly, we also found that SR8278 increased the SC pool through stimulation of Notch and Wnt signaling. These results suggest that REV-ERB is a potent target for the treatment of DMD.
From Servant to Schoolmistress: Janet Bathgate and Mary Smith

In this chapter I introduce the memoirs of two women who attained the socially respected occupation of teacher for at least some part of their lives. Janet Bathgate, reared in rural poverty, taught herself what she needed in order to teach primary school and conduct religious classes; and Mary Smith, an intellectually inclined shoemaker’s daughter, founded a well-respected school in Carlisle. Bathgate drafted her (third-person) memoirs with marked dramatic skill, and Smith’s Autobiography was distinctive for its honesty, introspection, and stoic clarity of thought. Bathgate’s early efforts to become a lay religious teacher met with severe opposition, and Smith was forced to spend some years as the unpaid assistant to a minister and his family before opening her own establishment, but in later life both women attained gratification through authorship and, in the case of Smith, civic engagement.
Discrete Methods in Differential Geometry

Nowadays, differential geometry is not only still one of the most profound research areas of mathematics after having had great influence in physics for more than a century, but it has also recently begun to play a very important role in computer graphics and image processing. The Poincare conjecture was believed to be proven by Perelman in 2004. However, other mathematicians are still looking into the details of the proof where not all parts are constructive. Researchers in digital topology have already started to explore the possibility of proving this conjecture in digital or discrete cases. This would also be exciting since a pure digital proof must be able to be implemented in terms of algorithms and would be constructive. In this chapter, we introduce the basic knowledge of differential geometry and some practical topics in its applications to computer graphics and computer vision. Due to the fact that differential geometry has a close relationship to variational analysis and harmonic functions, we also include a brief review of the principle of variational analysis. This chapter emphasizes some important topics of the discrete methods in differential geometry including circle packing, curvature flow, and minimum surface calculations.
Substance Abuse Among Older Adults: Context, Assessment, and Treatment

Through the lens of a community case study, the authors identify causes and consequences of substance misuse among clients over age 65 residing in the Washington Heights-Inwood neighborhood of New York City and suggest ways social workers can assess and treat affected clients to promote well-being through the life span. Currently, demand for helping professionals competent in both gerontology and substance abuse is going unmet. This chapter identifies factors contributing to this service gap and proposes ways to improve workforce preparedness, service provision, and, as a result, client outcomes. Strategies include broadening social work education goals, increasing research inclusivity, developing policies that support clients throughout the life course, and implementing innovative recruitment strategies to promote interest in fields of gerontology and geriatrics among helping professionals. Beyond providing essential information about the scope and impact of substance misuse among older adults, the chapter proposes a theoretical framework to deepen understanding of the issue as it affects this population. Moreover, it provides guidelines for assessment and treatment of substance misuse among adults over age 65 based on a brief intervention model, SBIRT for older adults. Ultimately, the chapter aims to raise awareness about a developing crisis affecting vulnerable clients and offers ways of improving service to these clients and promoting client well-being.
Significant Lactic Acidosis from Albuterol

Lactic acidosis is a clinical entity that demands rapid assessment and treatment to prevent significant morbidity and mortality. With increased lactate use across many clinical scenarios, lactate values themselves cannot be interpreted apart from their appropriate clinical picture. The significance of Type B lactic acidosis is likely understated in the emergency department (ED). Given the mortality that sepsis confers, a serum lactate is an important screening study. That said, it is with extreme caution that we should interpret and react to the resultant elevated value. We report a patient with a significant lactic acidosis. Though he had a high lactate value, he did not require aggressive resuscitation. A different classification scheme for lactic acidosis that focuses on the bifurcation of the "dangerous" and "not dangerous" causes of lactic acidosis may be of benefit. In addition, this case is demonstrative of the potential overuse of lactates in the ED.
Impact of publicly available vaccination rates on parental school and child care choice.

Abstract Objective Several states require schools and child cares to report vaccination rates, yet little is known about the impact of these policies. Our objectives were to assess: (1) predicted impact of vaccination rates on school/child care choice, (2) differences between vaccine hesitant and non-hesitant parents, and (3) differences by child’s age. Methods In 2016, a cross-sectional email survey of Colorado mothers with children ≤12 years old assessed value of vaccination rates in the context of school/child care choice. A willingness-to-pay framework measured preference for schools/child cares with different vaccination rates using tradeoff with commute time. Results Response rate was 42% (679/1630). Twelve percent of respondents were vaccine hesitant. On a scale where 1 is “not important at all” and 4 is “very important” parents rated the importance of vaccination rates at 3.08. Respondents (including vaccine-hesitant respondents) would accept longer commutes to avoid schools/child cares with lower vaccination rates. Parents of child-care-age children were more likely to consider vaccination rates important. Conclusions This study shows parents highly value vaccination rates in the context of school and child care choice. Both hesitant and non-hesitant parents are willing to accept longer commute times to protect their children from vaccine-preventable diseases.
The price of progress: Funding and financing Alzheimer's disease drug development.

Abstract Introduction Advancing research and treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the search for effective treatments depend on a complex financial ecosystem involving federal, state, industry, advocacy, venture capital, and philanthropy funding approaches. Methods We conducted an expert review of the literature pertaining to funding and financing of translational research and drug development for AD. Results The federal government is the largest public funder of research in AD. The National Institute on Aging, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, and National Center for Advancing Translational Science all fund aspects of research in AD drug development. Non-National Institutes of Health federal funding comes from the National Science Foundation, Veterans Administration, Food and Drug Administration, and the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Academic Medical Centers host much of the federally funded basic science research and are increasingly involved in drug development. Funding of the “Valley of Death” involves philanthropy and federal funding through small business programs and private equity from seed capital, angel investors, and venture capital companies. Advocacy groups fund both basic science and clinical trials. The Alzheimer Association is the advocacy organization with the largest research support portfolio relevant to AD drug development. Pharmaceutical companies are the largest supporters of biomedical research worldwide; companies are most interested in late stage de-risked drugs. Drugs progressing into phase II and III are candidates for pharmaceutical industry support through licensing, mergers and acquisitions, and co-development collaborations. Discussion Together, the funding and financing entities involved in supporting AD drug development comprise a complex, interactive, dynamic financial ecosystem. Funding source interaction is largely unstructured and available funding is insufficient to meet all demands for new therapies. Novel approaches to funding such as mega-funds have been proposed and more integration of component parts would assist in accelerating drug development.
Blue Native PAGE and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Ephrin Stimulation-Dependent Protein-Protein Interactions in NG108-EphB2 Cells

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) are proteins that undergo dimerization and/or multimerization and autophosphorylation in response to ligand stimulation. Members of the RTK family are receptors for a series of growth factors that, upon stimulation, are able to start signaling events that promote cell growth and differentiation. A class of RTKs, the Eph receptors (EphRs), are found in a variety of cell types and play important roles in patterning the central and peripheral nervous systems, as well as in synapse and neural crest formation. Interaction of Eph receptors with their ephrin ligands activates signal transduction pathways that lead to cytoskeletal remodeling through formation of many stable or transient protein-protein interactions. However, these intracellular signal transduction pathways that lead to cytoskeletal remodeling are not well understood. Here, we combined Blue Native PAGE (BN-PAGE) and mass spectrometry (MS) to analyze protein-protein interactions as a result of ephrin stimulation. We analyzed both lysates and phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitate (pY99-IP) of unstimulated and ephrin-stimulated cells. Our experiments allowed us to characterize many constitutive homo- and hetero-protein complexes from the cell lysate. Furthermore, BN-PAGE and MS of the pY99-IPs from both unstimulated and stimulated cells allowed us to analyze protein-protein interactions that resulted upon ephrin stimulation. Combination of BN-PAGE and MS also has the potential for the analysis of stable and transient protein-protein interactions in other ligand-stimulated RTK-dependent signal transduction pathways.
Forty four years of dermatophytes in a Chicago clinic (1944-1988).

Data are presented on 39270 cultures taken over a 44 year span (1944–1988) at the University of Chicago's Dermatology Clinic. In the mid 1940's Microsporum audouinii accounted for 60–80% of isolates. It gradually decreased over the next two decades and disappeared altogether in the 1970's. Trichophyton rubrum, rare in the 1940's accounted for over 60% of isolates in the mid-1960's only to be overtaken by T. tonsurans. This species, not isolated till the mid 1950's, became and remains the dominant dermatophyte at the present time. Both T. mentagrophytes and Epidermophyton floccosum increased in the 1970's and decreased later. Unusual circumstances resulted in clusters of T. verrucosum, T. terrestre, and T. schoenleinii isolates. Infections were associated with rural dairy workers, zoo handlers and immigrant families respectively. M. canis and M. gypseum were steady at a low rate throughout the entire period. Rare isolates included M. cookei, M. persicolor, M. racemosum, T. simii, T. soudanense, T. violaceum, and the soil keratinophile, Aphanoascus fulvescens.
Insecticidal Activity of Chromobacterium vaccinii1

Abstract New Chromobacterium sp. strains were isolated from water collected from several localities in the eastern United States and were subsequently identified as the species Chromobacterium vaccinii Soby et al. Bacteria were cultured in a liquid medium and applied to artificial insect diets in the laboratory. All of the recently discovered C. vaccinii isolates tested were toxic to larvae of the seedcorn maggot, Delia platura (Meigen), but had little activity against larvae of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.). None of the new isolates of C. vaccinii were toxic to adults of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst).
Two Identities Involving a Mordell Integral and Appell–Lerch Sums

On page 202 in his Lost Notebook, Ramanujan recorded without proofs two modular transformations involving a Mordell integral, q-hypergeometric series, and generalized Lambert series. These two formulas were first proved by Y.-S. Choi [110], and in this chapter we relate his proofs.
New approaches for identification of systematic measurement errors in linear steady state and dynamic processes

In this work we present a technique that can completely and accurately identify measurement biases and process leaks in cases where it is not possible to use the method of Rollins and Davis (1992, 1993) and where the method of Narasimhan and Mah (1987) fails. This technique makes use of information contained in the relationship between individual measurements and the corresponding nodal imbalance. The performance of this method is demonstrated on a problem from the literature that has proved difficult for other methods to handle. In addition, this article discusses how the new technique can be used as a visual monitoring tool for identifying biased measured variables.
Get off my back: vibrational assessment of homeowner strength

Animals may use a variety of sensory modalities to assess ownership and resource-holding potential (RHP). However, few studies have experimentally tested whether animals can assess these key variab...
Hospitality Happens: Dialogic Ethics of Care

This essay responds to Balboni and Balboni’s 2019 book, Hostility to Hospitality: Spirituality and Professional Socialization within Medicine. In contrast to Balboni and Balboni’s argument that spirituality and medicine are oppositional tensions, I argue that medical care is itself an inherent manifestation of spirituality. The concept of “person-centered medicine” represents enhanced interpersonal relationships between patients and practitioners and leads to an appreciation of the personhood and inherent humanness of patients and their families. I explain ‘dialogic ethics of care,’ and claim that the hospital space is a community of dialogue, hospitality, and holiness; of love as a verb.
Use of Film to Sensitize Medical Students to Issues of Family Caregiving

Background and objective Families are the backbone of our long-term care system, managing complicated illnesses, providing direct care, and assisting with the day-to-day functioning of elderly patients. Medical education, however, provides students with little, if any, exposure to the challenges faced by family caregivers or how best to communicate with them to optimize patient care. We assessed the value of an educational program combining film and discussion as a means of sensitizing third-year medical students to caregiver issues. During their family medicine clerkship, third-year medical students at Northeast Ohio Medical University view the film, No Roadmap: Caregiver Journeys and discuss issues of family caregiving. Methods A mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the program, including a qualitative focus group with clerkship preceptors and ongoing quantitative student evaluations. Results Preceptors reported that students related to the film in highly personal ways, often recounting experiences within their own families, and gained a greater appreciation of caregivers. Three years of student evaluations (n=403) were used to validate preceptor comments. Students agreed that the program helped them establish a comfortable relationship with caregivers, increased their awareness of caregiver challenges and rewards, and provided valuable insights into caregiver experiences. Conclusions Film depicting compelling narratives of caregiver journeys, coupled with guided discussion, is a valuable strategy for increasing student awareness of the important role of caregivers.