cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of citrate and oxalate on 99TcVII, Cs, NpV and UVI sorption to a Savannah River Site soil.

Abstract Batch sorption experiments were conducted with 0.5–50 ppb 99Tc, 133Cs, 237Np and U in the presence and absence of citrate and/or oxalate in a 25 g/L Savannah River Site (SRS) soil suspension. Citrate and oxalate were the ligands of choice due to their relevancy to plant exudates, the nuclides were selected for their wide range of biogeochemical behavior, and the soil from SRS was selected as a model Department of Energy (DOE) site soil. Batch samples were continually mixed on a rotary shaker and maintained at a pH of approximately 5. Analysis via ICP-MS indicated that sorption of 237Np increased with ligand concentration compared to baseline studies, as did sorption of 99Tc although to a lesser extent. The increased sorption of 237Np is proposed to be due to a combination of factors that are dependent on the ligand(s) present in the specific system including, ligand dissolution of the soil by citrate and formation of tertiary soil-oxalate-Np complexes. The increased 99Tc sorption is attributed to the dissolution of the soil by the ligands, leading to an increase in the number of available sorption sites for 99Tc. Uranium sorption decreased and dissolution of native uranium was also observed with increasing ligand concentration, thought to be a result of the formation of strong U-ligand complexes remaining in the aqueous phase. The majority of these effects were observed at the highest ligand concentrations of 50 mgC/L. No notable changes were observed for the 133Cs system which is ascribed to the minimal interaction of Cs+ with these organic ligands.
The Different Roads to Rebellion: Socialist Education and the Second Cristero Rebellion in Jalisco, 1934-1939

Lazaro Cardenas came into office in 1934, he inherited a Six-Year Plan that intended to open 12,000 new rural schools. The instruction to be imparted at these schools was to be socialist in its orientations and tendencies. This article focuses on the upsurge in local political violence in the State of Jalisco in response to the educational reform that emanated from the National Government. I highlight the conflicts and confrontations that comprised this phenomenon to illustrate how Mexican citizens understood their rights and made decisions during a period of social agitation. Los Diferentes Caminos a la Rebelion. Reforma Nacional y la Segunda Cristiada en Jalisco, 1934-1939 Cuando Lazaro Cardenas llego a la presidencia de Mexico en 1934, heredo un Plan Sexenal que pretendia abrir 12,000 nuevas escuelas rurales. La instruccionen estas escuelas tenia que ser socialista en sus tendencias y orientaciones. Este articulo trata en el recrudecimiento de laviolencia politica en el estado de Jalisco como respuesta a la reforma educativa que planteaba el Gobierno central. Destaco los conflictos y confrontaciones que formaron parte de este fenomeno para ilustrar como ciudadanos mexicanos entendieron sus derechos y tomaron decisiones durante un periodo de agitacion social.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.31836/lh.16.6562
The National Energy Strategy of the United States: Industrial Energy Use

The industrial energy strategy of the United States is discussed. Past achievements and current research in progress are summarized.
Abstract 16247: Personalized MRI-Based Modeling Predicts Ventricular Tachycardia Vulnerability in Patients Receiving Primary Prevention ICDs

Introduction: Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy and low ejection fraction (<35%) are at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) from ventricular tachycardia (VT). Under current guidelines, such pati...
Role of workplace charging opportunities on adoption of plug-in electric vehicles – Analysis based on GPS-based longitudinal travel data

Abstract The benefit of using a plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) comes from its ability to substitute gasoline with electricity in operation. This paper studies the impact of workplace charges on the adoption of two types of PEVs: battery electric vehicle (BEV) and plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV). BEV users care more about the range anxiety issue. PHEV users, on the other hand, focus on the cost savings. The GPS-based longitude travel data of 143 vehicles covering 20 days to 18 months were employed in this paper. The dataset provides the detailed spatial and temporal travel information of a vehicle. With the known household locations, home-to-home tours were built for each vehicle, because home charges is usually regarded as a basic charging pattern. The detailed travel information of each vehicle was further used to help determine the workplace locations by analyzing its travel behavior over a period. Then, some home-to-home tours were broken into a series of home-to-work, work-to-home and work-to-work (if applicable) tours. These tours were used for analyzing the impact of workplace charges on the adoption of BEVs and PHEVs in population, respectively, considering three different levels of charger powers, as well as different price of gasoline.
NIST lipidomics workflow questionnaire: an assessment of community-wide methodologies and perspectives

Efforts to harmonize lipidomic methodologies have been limited within the community. Here, we aimed to capitalize on the recent National Institute of Standards and Technology lipidomics interlaboratory comparison exercise by implementing a questionnaire that assessed current methodologies, quantitation strategies, standard operating procedures (SOPs), and quality control activities employed by the lipidomics community. Lipidomics is a rapidly developing field with diverse applications. At present, there are no community-vetted methods to assess measurement comparability or data quality. Thus, a major impetus of this questionnaire was to profile current efforts, highlight areas of need, and establish future objectives in an effort to harmonize lipidomics workflows. The 54-question survey inquired about laboratory demographics, lipidomic methodologies and SOPs, analytical platforms, quantitation, reference materials, quality control procedures, and opinions regarding challenges existing within the community. A total of 125 laboratories participated in the questionnaire. A broad overview of results highlighted a wide methodological diversity within current lipidomic workflows. The impact of this diversity on lipid measurement and quantitation is currently unknown and needs to be explored further. While some laboratories do incorporate SOPs and quality control activities, these concepts have not been fully embraced by the community. The top five perceived challenges within the lipidomics community were a lack of standardization amongst methods/protocols, lack of lipid standards, software/data handling and quantification, and over-reporting/false positives. The questionnaire provided an overview of current lipidomics methodologies and further promoted the need for community-accepted guidelines and protocols. The questionnaire also served as a platform to help determine and prioritize metrological issues to be investigated.
Illuminating exemplary professionalism using appreciative inquiry dialogues between students and mentors.

Purpose: To explore the types of exemplary professional behaviors and the facilitators and barriers to professional behavior discussed by student–mentor dyads during appreciative inquiry (AI) dialo...
Electrophysiological Study of Recovery of Peripheral Nerves Regenerated by a Collagen-Glycosaminoglycan Copolymer Matrix

We have studied the effects of variations in the structure of a collagen-glycosaminoglycan (CG) copolymer matrix on the regeneration of transected rat sciatic nerves. Silicone tubes ensheathing 10-mm lengths of CG copolymer were grafted between the transected sciatic nerve stumps. Empty and saline-filled silicone tubes, as well as autografts, were studied as controls. The mean pore diameter and the degradation rate of the copolymer in collagenase were independently varied to investigate how each affects regeneration. Electrophysiological properties of the regenerating motor nerve fibers innervating the plantar flexor muscles, were serially monitored over about 40 weeks following surgery. Rapidly degrading CG copolymers with pore channels oriented predominantly along the axes of the tubes induced regeneration with a success rate of 100% (n = 35). Although CG copolymers with axially-oriented pore channels that degraded slowly had a success rate as high as 96% (n = 23), the long-term electrophysiological results were markedly inferior to those obtained with the rapidly degrading grafts. In another study of axially-oriented pore structures, the level of recovery of long-term electrophysiological results was observed to increase monotonously as preliminary results showed that CG copolymers with pore channels predominantly oriented along the radial direction of the tubes had a success rate of only 50% (n = 6). Control groups of empty and saline-filled tubes had an aggregated success rate of 29% (n = 21). The ongoing study has shown that systematic physiochemical manipulation of simple chemical analogs of the extracellular matrix can be used to define substrate features which encourage regeneration.
Simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and phenol in chemostat culture of e. coli ATCC 33456 and p. putida DMP-1

A chemostat coculture consisting of a phenol-degrading organism, P. putida , and a Cr(VI)-reducing strain, E. coli ATCC 33456, was evaluated for its potential to simultaneously remove phenol and Cr(VI). Steady-state operating conditions were obtained with near complete removal of phenol and Cr(VI) under a range of influent concentration of phenol (233–2541 mg/l), influent Cr(VI) (1–10.3 mg/l), and liquid detention time (2–6.7 days).
Memory CD4+ T cells enhance B‐cell responses to drifting influenza immunization

Influenza A annually infects 5-10% of the world's human population resulting in one million deaths. Influenza causes annual epidemics and reinfects previously exposed individuals because of antigenic drift in the glycoprotein hemagglutinin. Due to antigenic drift, the immune system is simultaneously exposed to novel and conserved parts of the influenza virus via vaccination and/or infection throughout life. Preexisting immunity has long been known to augment subsequent hemagglutination inhibitory antibody (hAb) responses. However, the preexisting immunological contributors that influence hAb responses are not understood. Therefore, we adapted and developed sequential infection and immunization mouse models using drifted influenza strains to show that MHC Class II haplotype and T-cell reactivity influences subsequent hAb responses. We found that CB6F1 mice infected with A/CA followed by immunization with A/PR8 have increased hAb responses to A/PR8 compared to C57BL/6 mice. Increased hAb responses in CB6F1 mice were CD4+ T-cell and B-cell dependent and corresponded to increased germinal center A/PR8-specific B and T-follicular helper cells. These results suggest conserved MHC Class II restricted epitopes within HA are essential for B cells to respond to drifting influenza and could be leveraged to boost hAb responses.
Network Time Synchronization Using OFDM-Based Cooperative Consensus (CoCo) Algorithm

We investigate the convergence behavior of the novel "CoCo" network time synchronization protocol, which compensates both offset and skew, for a network of two tight clusters of nodes, taking fading, quantization error consistent with practical OFDM modulation, and additive noise into account. CoCo update equations are similar to the consensus-based asynchronous time synchronization (ATS) protocol, but CoCo replaces the "one-by-one" packet exchanges with neighbors in ATS with the approximate sample mean provided by the semi- cooperative spectrum fusion (SCSF) technique of concurrent transmissions, in just one packet interval. SCSF requires that all participating nodes share the same upper and lower bounds on the parameter being transmitted. In this paper, two of the three SCSF-transmitted parameters have deterministic bounds; the third parameter uses optimized adaptive bounding, which is not practical, but used in this paper to learn how the spreads of the parameter vary with time and other parameters. Simulation results show a rapid convergence to very low rms time errors, followed by a slow divergence, suggesting that CoCo should be stopped just after the rapid convergence, for best results.
The effect of nanoscale architecture on ionic diffusion in rGo/aramid nanofiber structural electrodes

Structural energy storage is a rapidly emerging area with tantalizing applications such as integrated devices in textiles, smart suits, and uniforms. Due to several outstanding properties, graphene oxide (rGO)/aramid nanofiber (ANF) composite material has emerged as a compelling choice as a structural electrode for supercapacitors and batteries. A key question of significant technological relevance pertains to what kind of nanoscale architecture motifs may lead to enhanced ionic diffusivity—the key characteristic dictating the overall performance of the electrode. In this study, we attempt to address precisely this question, through multiphysics simulations, in the context of several “experimentally realizable, layered” architectures. We investigate different arrangements (staggered and aligned) and various degrees of waviness of the rGO nanosheets inside the ANF polymer matrix. Our results indicate that decreasing waviness of the rGO sheets can enhance the ion diffusivity in the staggered and aligned arrangements of the electrode material, while this effect is stronger in the staggered arrangements than in the aligned arrangements. The insights obtained from this study can lead to a more effective design of electrode architectures.
Survey Results of a Pilot Sleep Study Near Atlanta International Airport

Aircraft noise can disturb the sleep of residents living near airports. To investigate potential effects of aircraft noise on sleep, recruitment surveys for a pilot field study were mailed to households around Atlanta International Airport. Survey items included questions about sleep quality, sleep disturbance by noise, noise annoyance, coping behaviors, and health. Of 3159 deliverable surveys, 319 were returned (10.1%). Calculated outdoor nighttime aircraft noise (Lnight) was significantly associated with lower sleep quality (poor or fair; odds ratio (OR) = 1.04/decibel (dB); p < 0.05), trouble falling asleep within 30 min ≥1/week (OR = 1.06/dB; p < 0.01), and trouble sleeping due to awakenings ≥1/week (OR = 1.04/dB; p < 0.05). Lnight was also associated with increased prevalence of being highly sleep disturbed (OR = 1.15/dB; p < 0.0001) and highly annoyed (OR = 1.17/dB; p < 0.0001) by aircraft noise. Furthermore Lnight was associated with several coping behaviors. Residents were more likely to report often or always closing their windows (OR = 1.05/dB; p < 0.01), consuming alcohol (OR = 1.10/dB; p < 0.05), using television (OR = 1.05/dB; p < 0.05) and using music (OR = 1.07/dB; p < 0.05) as sleep aids. There was no significant relationship between Lnight and self-reported general health or likelihood of self-reported diagnosis of sleep disorders, heart disease, hypertension or diabetes. Evidence of self-reported adverse effects of aircraft noise on sleep found in this pilot study warrant further investigation in larger, more representative subject cohorts.
Thy Neighbor's Vote: Peer Effects in Proxy Voting

Institutional investors' proxy voting decisions are influenced by their neighbors. I identify peer effects in proxy voting using close-call votes on shareholder-sponsored governance proposals at publicly traded financial institutions (focal institutions). I first show that the passage of a close vote at a focal institution increases the likelihood that the institution votes against management. Using a triple-difference approach, I find that the passage increases the likelihood that the neighboring institutions vote against management in stocks that are heavily held by the focal institution. These results suggest that peer influence is an important determinant of proxy voting behavior.
Extraction and Detection of Structurally Diverse Siderophores in Soil

Although the biochemistry of bacterial and fungal siderophores has been intensively studied in laboratory cultures, their distribution and impacts on nutrient cycling and microbial communities in soils remain poorly understood. The detection of siderophores in soil is an analytical challenge because of the complexity of the soil matrix and their structural diversity. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) is a suitable method for the sensitive analysis of siderophores in complex samples; however, siderophore extraction into liquid phases for analysis by LC-MS is problematic because of their adsorption to soil particles and organic matter. To determine extraction efficiencies of structurally diverse siderophores, spike-recovery experiments were set up with standards representing the three main siderophore classes: the hydroxamate desferrioxamine B (DFOB), the α-hydroxycarboxylate rhizoferrin, and the catecholate protochelin. Previously used solvent extractions with water or methanol recovered only a small fraction (< 35%) of siderophores, including < 5% for rhizoferrin and protochelin. We designed combinatorial chemical extractions (22 total solutions) to target siderophores associated with different soil components. A combination of calcium chloride and ascorbate achieved high and, for some soils, quantitative extraction of DFOB and rhizoferrin. Protochelin analysis was complicated by potential fast oxidation and interactions with colloidal soil components. Using the optimized extraction method, we detected α-hydroxycarboxylate type siderophores (viz. rhizoferrin, vibrioferrin, and aerobactin) in soil for the first time. Concentrations reached 461 pmol g-1, exceeding previously reported concentrations of siderophores in soil and suggesting a yet unrecognized importance of α-hydroxycarboxylate siderophores for biological interactions and biogeochemical processes in soil.
A Response to Dismantling Monuments

This article refutes the main arguments made in Dismantling Monuments, which recently appeared in the Florida Law Review. It shows that national monument designations have been used to protect large landscapes for more than a century, and that no legal challenge to a monument’s size has ever succeeded. It then explains why the weight of evidence suggests that Congress, in passing the Antiquities Act, intended to endow the President with the power to designate national monuments; but that Congress did not intend to vest the President with the power to dramatically reduce them. It also dispels notions that in reducing the Bears Ears and Grand Staircase-Escalante national monuments, President Trump was reducing them to the smallest area necessary to protect sensitive resources, and that history provides a precedent for these radical reductions.
An optimized FM-index library for nucleotide and amino acid search

Pattern matching is a key step in a variety of biological sequence analysis pipelines. The FM-index is a compressed data structure for pattern matching, with search run time that is independent of the length of the database text. We present AvxWindowedFMindex (AWFM-index), an open-source, thread-parallel FM-index library written in C that is highly optimized for indexing nucleotide and amino acid sequences. AWFM-index is easy to incorporate into bioinformatics software and is able to perform exact match count and locate queries approximately 4x faster than Seqan39s FM-index implementation for nucleotide search, and approximately 8x faster for amino acid search in a single-threaded context. This performance is due to (i) a new approach to storing FM-index data in a strided bit-vector format that enables extremely efficient computation of the FM-index occurrence function via AVX2 bitwise instructions, and (ii) inclusion of a cache-efficient lookup table for partial k-mer searches. AWFM-index also trivially parallelizes to multiple threads, and scales well in multithreaded contexts. The open-source library is available for download at https://github.com/TravisWheelerLab/AvxWindowFmIndex.
Health information technology and family caregiving: Policy initiatives

Abstract As health information technology (HIT) has become more commonplace across health care settings, it has also played an increasing role in family caregiving. Health information technology refers to technologies “that are designed for or support the use by health care entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information” (Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, 2009, Sec. 3000(5)) and includes electronic health records (EHRs), patient portals, and certain mobile technologies. Federal policies, such as the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) of 2010, and amendments to Medicare and Medicaid, have promoted the adoption of HIT throughout healthcare systems with the intent to improve patient safety, quality and efficiency of care ( Blumenthal, 2010 ). These policies also have implications for family caregivers as they use HIT to interact with health care systems on behalf of the person(s) they care for. This chapter will review the role that federal legislation has played in the promotion and adoption of HIT and the implications of these policies—both opportunities and challenges—for family caregivers. It will also outline potential policy solutions for bridging the family care gap to further support families as they care for older adults with complex and challenging chronic care needs.
Potential experimental immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of cancer of the liver

Introduction: Traditional systemic therapies offer limited benefit for advanced cancers of the liver. Immune checkpoints are inhibitory regulators of the immune system and the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of other cancers has led to clinical trials investigating the use of ICIs alone or in combination with other therapies for liver cancers.Area covered: Clinical trials involving ICIs for the treatment of liver cancer were broadly reviewed. Hepatocellular carcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma were examined. Phase I/II trials were prioritized, and relevant phase III trials were discussed. MEDLINE, PubMed, ASCO meeting library, and Web of Science databases were searched with the keywords 'immune checkpoint inhibitor' or 'targeted therapy' in combination with 'hepatocellular carcinoma,' or 'intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma'. Major outcomes were safety and efficacy defined by response rate, progression-free survival, or overall survival.Expert opinion: ICIs can improve progression-free and overall survival among patients with advanced disease with an acceptable safety profile. Given the heterogeneity of liver disease, ideal strategies will likely include a combination of ICIs with additional therapies to achieve the most robust and durable response. Additional biomarkers will be needed to guide combination therapy to personalize treatment regimen for patients with primary liver cancers.
Multiple sclerosis treatment strategy after natalizumab-associated progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (P4.2-029)

Objective: To determine optimal management for MS after Nz-associated PML Background: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a known serious complication associated with natalizumab (Nz) and JC virus seropositivity in patients treated for multiple sclerosis (MS) and Crohn’s disease. PML-related discontinuation of Nz requires re-establishing maintenance MS therapy, for which there is no recognized standard of care Design/Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical symptoms, diagnostic methods; survival outcome and MS therapy in 17 patients post Nz-PML at a tertiary care center from 2010–2017 Results: Mean age of Nz-PML onset was 43.6 years and occurred on average after 44.5 infusions. 16 of 17 patients (94.1%) were alive and 1 suicide took place after 2 years of PML onset. 8 (47%) patients had at least 1 relapse 2 years post PML. 3 relapsed within the first year and 5 beyond 1 year post PML. Reactivation of MS after Nz discontinuation was lower than expected in this previously highly active cohort. 1 of 3 patients treated with maintenance monthly IV corticoids relapsed. Eight patients started other MS therapies post PML on average 26 months after Nz withdrawal, including 3 with dimethyl fumarate (DMF), 3 with glatiramer acetate (GA) and 2 with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF). One relapse occurred on MMF. No relapses were reported with GA and DMF. No recrudescence of PML occurred with these therapies Conclusions: Our findings suggest that treating MS post-Nz PML carries no risk of PML reactivation. PML may play a role in ameliorating the clinical course of MS. DMF and GA appears to be effective MS therapies after Nz-PML. Prospective studies, including larger number of patients are needed to confirm these findings Disclosure: Dr. Waheed has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sierra Morales has nothing to disclose. Dr. Koralnik has nothing to disclose. Dr. Stefoski has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with consulting fees from Acorda Therapeutics, Biogen, EMD Serono, Elan, and Teva Neuroscience. Dr. Stefoski has received royalty, license fees, or contractual rights payments from Acorda Therapeutics. Dr. Stefoski has received research support from Biogen, Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer, and EMD Serono. Dr. Ko has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ouyang has nothing to disclose. Dr. Warrior has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with John Redmond Esq.
Range Resolution Enhancement in Linear Frequency Modulated SAR Imaging

This paper focuses on sidelobe suppression and range resolution enhancement in Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging using the filtering technique in Shareef et al [1] and Xu et al [2] . The improvement of such sidelobes is important to recognize false targets and clear differentiation of two separate targets. Barker Codes, Minimum Peak Sidelobe (MPS) codes, and windowing at the expense of range resolution have been implemented over the years in order to achieve sidelobe suppression. This abstract will report on preliminary results of LFM Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging, ranging from 2-4 GHz, which show the promise of improved range resolution by comparing data with and without the proposed filtering technique.
Buckling of Sandwich Sphere Under Normal Pressure

Summary A theoretical study is made of the buckling of a sandwich sphere comprised of a core layer of low-modulus material and two thin facing layers of higher modulus material. The solution for the buckling resistance of the sphere under normal external pressure is obtained by linearized theory, and is reducible to the classical solution for monocoque spherical shells. Critical buckling pres­ sures are calculated for various radius-thickness ratios and sphere materials.
Liver Transplantation Using Grafts from Donation After Cardiac Death Donors

Utilization of liver grafts from donation after cardiac death donors has been proposed as a potential solution to the organ shortage for patients suffering from end-stage liver disease. The number of donation after cardiac death donors is likely to increase as a consequence of changing demographics and improvements in neurologic care. This potential has not been realized to full effect due to reports of inferior outcomes of liver transplantation using these grafts. In order to continue to provide excellent transplant care, it is critical to have an understanding of the factors necessary for successful use of liver grafts from donation after cardiac death donors. In this review, we will appraise the current understanding of the challenges involved in using these grafts, the critical recipient and donor considerations, and future directions.
Discovery of a potent, highly selective Tie-2 kinase inhibitor demonstrating in vivo efficacy, based on a novel pyridyl triazine scaffold.

Proc Amer Assoc Cancer Res, Volume 47, 2006 5549 Inhibition of angiogenesis is a promising and clinically validated approach for limiting tumor cell growth and survival. The receptor tyrosine kinase Tie-2 is expressed almost exclusively in the vascular endothelium and is required for developmental angiogenesis and vessel maturation. However, the significance of Tie-2 signaling in tumor angiogenesis is not fully understood. In order to explore the therapeutic utility of Tie-2 inhibition we developed a series of potent and orally bioavailable small molecule Tie-2 kinase inhibitors with selectivity over other kinases critical for tumor angiogenesis. A pyridyl triazine-based inhibitor exhibited >30-fold selectivity, good oral exposure, and in vivo inhibition of Tie-2 autophosphorylation. With the aid of X-ray co-crystal structures, hypotheses about the origin of selectivity over VEGFR-2 and other kinases can begin to be formulated. Classical heterocyclic chemistry and palladium-catalyzed reactions were utilized to rapidly modify this modular scaffold. The identification of potent and highly selective Tie-2 inhibitors with activity in vivo has provided a unique tool to assess the role of Tie-2 signaling in tumor angiogenesis.
The Culture of the Legal Profession: Character-Based Legal Education for Client-Centered Representation

This 218-page course text explores the history, philosophy, and morality of the law and legal profession, through readings, questions, and discussion problems, so as to equip the student to recognize the culture of the legal profession and shape a personal and professional ethic that would be effective in law practice.
Student evaluation in monitored team projects

Effective communication is imperative for any team-oriented enterprise. Within the academic place, students often lack the skills to work efficiently in a team. In a one semester course, students collaborate on a client-based project in a team setting. Objective evaluation of student performance is important. Using various aspects of student evaluation, grading criteria for the course is discussed. Qualitative measures of student development were collected and are included in this paper.
Disseminating relevant health information to underserved audiences: implications of the Digital Divide Pilot Projects.

Objective: This paper examines the influence of the digital divide on disparities in health outcomes for vulnerable populations, identifying implications for medical and public libraries. Method: The paper describes the results of the Digital Divide Pilot Projects demonstration research programs funded by the National Cancer Institute to test new strategies for disseminating relevant health information to underserved and at-risk audiences. Results: The Digital Divide Pilot Projects field-tested innovative systemic strategies for helping underserved populations access and utilize relevant health information to make informed health-related decisions about seeking appropriate health care and support, resisting avoidable and significant health risks, and promoting their own health. Implications: The paper builds on the Digital Divide Pilot Projects by identifying implications for developing health communication strategies that libraries can adopt to provide digital health information to vulnerable populations.
Thermographic studies of wound healing.

Abstract 1. 1 A series of preoperative and postoperative patients have been studied with newly developed techniques of long wave infra-red sensing and recording instrumentation. 2. 2 Observation and control values of normal abdominal surface infra-red emission have been outlined for further evaluation. 3. 3 The variations of temperature and thermogram patterns in different surgical wounds have been described and compared to previous modalities studied (i.e., the classical phases of wound healing, changes in tensile strength, and biochemical sequences). 4. 4 It has been suggested that the thermographic pattern may be a useful tool in predicting the early evidence of increase in wound tensile strength. It may also note initial evidence of complications or factors prolonging the healing of a surgical wound.
Genetic Ablation of NADPH Oxidase Enhances Susceptibility to Cigarette Smoke-Induced Lung Inflammation and Emphysema in Mice

Cigarette smoke (CS) induces recruitment of inflammatory cells in the lungs leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are involved in lung inflammation and injury. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is a multimeric system that is responsible for ROS production in mammalian cells. We hypothesized that NADPH oxidase-derived ROS play an important role in lung inflammation and injury and that targeted ablation of components of NADPH oxidase (p47phox and gp91phox) would protect lungs against the detrimental effects of CS. To test this hypothesis, we exposed p47phox−/− and gp91phox−/− mice to CS and examined inflammatory response and injury in the lung. Surprisingly, although CS-induced ROS production was decreased in the lungs of p47phox−/− and gp91phox−/− mice compared with wild-type mice, the inflammatory response was significantly increased and was accompanied by development of distal airspace enlargement and alveolar destruction. This pathological abnormality was associated with enhanced activation of the TLR4-nuclear factor-κB pathway in response to CS exposure in p47phox−/− and gp91phox−/− mice. This phenomenon was confirmed by in vitro studies in which treatment of peritoneal macrophages with a nuclear factor-κB inhibitor reversed the CS-induced release of proinflammatory mediators. Thus, these data suggest that genetic ablation of components of NADPH oxidase enhances susceptibility to the proinflammatory effects of CS leading to airspace enlargement and alveolar damage.
Preimplantation sex selection demand and preferences in an infertility population

Objective To determine the demand and preferences of infertility patients for sex selection and the method and sex they would choose, and to investigate the relationship between these choices and their demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Design Cross-sectional survey. Setting University hospital-based fertility center. Patient(s) One thousand five hundred consecutive women who presented for infertility care. Intervention(s) None. Main outcome measure(s) Self-report questionnaire assessing the demand and preferences for sex selection. Result(s) Of respondents, 40.8% wanted to select the sex of their next child for no added cost. Of these patients, 45.9% had no living children and 48.4% had children all of one sex. After adjustment for observed predictors of gender preference, we found a significant preference for a female child among women who were older, not religious, willing to pay for sex selection, had more living children, had only sons, or had a diagnosis of male infertility. Nulliparous women did not significantly prefer one sex over the other. Among parous women, those with only daughters significantly desired to select a male child, whereas those with sons significantly desired to select a female child. In terms of the method of sex selection, 55.0%, 41.0%, and 4.0% of the patients would use sperm separation, preimplantation genetic diagnosis, or neither method, respectively. Conclusion(s) There is significant demand among infertility patients for preimplantation sex selection, with a significant portion of this demand coming from patients who do not have any children or have children all of one sex.
Inhibition of keratinases by 2 -macroglobulin.

Sera von Patienten mit Dermatophytosis und von Gesunden (Saugline und Erwachsene) hemmten die Keratinasen vonTrichophyton mentagrophytes. Der Inhibitor wurde von Neugeborenen-Serum isoliert und als α2-Makroglobulin identifiziert.
Assembly of Dithiocarbamate-Anchored Monolayers on Gold Surfaces in Aqueous Solutions

Dithiocarbamates (DTCs) can be formed by the in situ condensation of polar alkylamines with CS2, and assembled into dithiocarbamate-anchored monolayers (DAMs) on Au substrates in aqueous solutions. Primary and secondary amines can both be used to prepare DTCs, but have significant differences in their reactivities and product stabilities. Ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy provides a convenient method for monitoring in situ DTC formation as well as the formation of potential byproducts. The kinetics of DAM assembly on Au substrates as measured by second harmonic generation (SHG) indicated first-order rate processes and saturation coverages similar to those of alkanethiols on Au. However, the rate of adsorption did not change with DTC concentration in a manner expected of Langmuir kinetics, and is attributed to the competitive adsorption of alkylammonium counterions to the freshly oxidized Au substrate. These analyses establish a practical range of conditions for preparing DAMs from polar amines using in ...
Shades of green technologies: identification of significant parameters affecting the performance of green technologies in buildings

This study developed essential parameters to be employed as tools for supporting decisions regarding the implementation of green technologies (GT) in buildings. This was done by identifying the most significant parameters that affect the performance of GT in buildings, primarily from the perspective of facility managers as well as the present and future facility users, public and the environment. They include cost, user needs, simplicity, integration and availability of service and maintenance. These parameters were further mapped into measurable equivalents that may prove useful in the development of a model for performance indexing of GT. The developed model may further be used to predict the resulting grades or 'shades of green technologies' (SGT). The specific objective of the present paper is to present the most important benefits to people and the environment following the application of GT. One may argue that not only 'green' but any building technology should satisfy some basic qualitative and quantitative criteria in order to be considered viable for a building construction project. The phrase 'shades of green technologies' is offered here to reflect the potential for 'scaling' or grading of 'green' in building construction projects.
The appearance of ganglioside during embryological development of the frog.

— Embryological stages after fertilization were examined for the appearance of gangliosides. In Rana pipiens, gangliosides were found to appear first at the late gastrula, a stage well before any morphological appearance of a nervous system. Furthermore, at this stage and at a later stage, hatching, only two of the four major gangliosides were detected, namely, monosialoganglioside GM1 and disialoganglioside GD1a.
Plant production and alternate prey channels impact the abundance of top predators

While numerous studies have examined the effects of increased primary production on higher trophic levels, most studies have focused primarily on the grazing food web and have not considered the importance of alternate prey channels. This has happened despite the fact that fertilization not only increases grazing herbivore abundance, but other types of consumers such as detritivores that serve as alternate prey for generalist predators. Alternate prey channels can sustain generalist predators at times when prey abundance in the grazing food web is low, thus increasing predator densities and the potential for trophic cascades. Using arthropod data from a fertilization experiment, we constructed a hierarchical Bayesian model to examine the direct and indirect effects of plant production and alternate prey channels on predators in a salt marsh. We found that increased plant production positively affected the density of top predators via effects on lower trophic level herbivores and mesopredators. Additionally, while the abundance of algivores and detritivores positively affected mesopredators and top predators, respectively, the effects of alternate prey were relatively weak. Because previous studies in the same system have found that mesopredators and top predators rely on alternate prey such as algivores and detritivores, future studies should examine whether fertilization shifts patterns of prey use by predators from alternate channels to the grazing channel. Finally, the hierarchical Bayesian model used in this study provided a useful method for exploring trophic relationships in the salt marsh food web, especially where causal relationships among trophic groups were unknown.
Cranial sonographic evaluation in children with meningomyelocele.

Over a period of 5 years, 25 children between 1 day and 26 months of age were prospectively evaluated because of the presence of meningomyeloceles. Cranial sonography was used to ascertain the types of associated cranial alterations. Twenty-three children (92%) presented signs of Chiari II malformation. In only two (8%) were the ultrasonographic results normal. The abnormalities detected were classified as alterations of the ventricular system, extraventricular alterations, and associated findings. The most frequent alteration of the ventricular system was the “batwing” configuration of the frontal horns, which appeared in 22 children (88%). Among the extraventricular alterations, 23 children (92%) had a downward displaced cerebellum, obliterated basal cisterns and low positioning of the tentorium cerebelli. Associated findings were a polymicrogyria in 1 case and intracranial hemorrhage in 2. The 23 children with Chiari II malformation were followed up clinically and sonographically. Our findings were similar to those of other published series. In spite of the introduction of magnetic resonance imaging, we consider cranial sonography to be an inexpensive and convenient method of evaluating the existence of Chiari II malformation in the child with meningomyelocele and of following up its evolution after shunt procedures.
Revised formulas for calculating extractability ratios of immobilized n in soils

On propose de nouvelles methodes de calcul des rapports d'extractibilite de l'azote immobilise dans les sols. On suppose que tout l'azote applique restant dans le sol avant l'extraction est sous forme organique, ce qui est le cas pour des incubations de courte duree en presence de sources de carbone facilement disponibles
In-lieu fee mitigation: coming into compliance with the new Compensatory Mitigation Rule

Under Section 404 of the federal U.S. Clean Water Act, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency require compensatory mitigation for unavoidable impacts stemming from the permitted discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States. There are three primary mechanisms supported by the Corps and EPA for permittees to meet their compensatory mitigation obligations: permittee-responsible mitigation, purchasing credits from a mitigation bank, or making a payment to an approved in-lieu fee mitigation program. In 2005, the Environmental Law Institute studied the 38 approved, active in-lieu fee programs operating in the US. This paper seeks to assess how the in-lieu fee programs that were approved and active as of October 2005 will need to update their administrative and procedural practices to come into compliance with new regulations on compensatory mitigation published in April 2008. Of the 10 new requirements for in-lieu fee reviewed here, three in particular will likely have the most significant impact on whether the 2005 programs are able to seek authorization and continue to operate. These are the compensation planning framework, the cap on the number of advance credits that can be sold, and the requirement to provide financial assurances for all projects. Those programs that make the investment in meeting the new requirements by the June 2010 deadline are likely to overcome past concerns over the ability for in-lieu fee mitigation to replace lost aquatic resources in a timely and efficient fashion.
Principles of management of the more common metabolic disorders

Abstract The range of inborn errors of metabolism is constantly expanding, with descriptions of new disorders and variants of classical disorders appearing regularly in the medical literature. Advances have been made in the diagnosis and treatment of many metabolic conditions and currently, effective treatment is available for a number of disorders. Curative therapy may be possible, for at least some inborn errors, in the near future. Supportive care is important for all patients; it is the mainstay of management when no specific therapy is possible.
Assortative Mating in the Jewel Wasp: 1. Female Matching of Eye-Color Genotype, Not Host-Feeding Phenotype

ABSTRACT An experiment was performed to test the influence of two factors on assortative mating in the Jewel wasp (Nasonia vitripennis): (1) inherited eye-color genotype, and (2) conditioned foraging phenotype. To determine the female choice of sires, genetically marked wasps were used of two recessive mutant eye-color genotypes: white or red. Each female (of independently crossed eye-color and juvenile host) was given a choice of two males, one of each eye-color, counterbalanced for juvenile host: blowfly (Sarcophaga bullata) or housefly (Musca domestica) pupae. Blowfly-reared females produced more total offspring, indicating higher fertility. Red-eyed females produced more offspring sired by red-eyed males, indicating assortative mating by eye color. Blowfly-reared females, however, did not produce more offspring sired by blowfly-reared males, indicating no assortative mating by juvenile host.
Controlled exploration of state space in off-line ADP and its application to stochastic shortest path problems

Abstract This paper addresses the problem of finding a control policy that drives a generic discrete event stochastic system from an initial state to a set of goal states with a specified probability. The control policy is iteratively constructed via an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) technique over a small subset of the state space that is evolved via Monte Carlo simulations. The effect of certain user-chosen parameters on the performance of the algorithm is investigated. The method is evaluated on several stochastic shortest path (SSP) examples and on a manufacturing job shop problem. We solve SSP problems that contain up to one million states to illustrate the scaling of computational and memory benefits with respect to the problem size. In the case of the manufacturing job shop example, the proposed ADP approach outperforms a traditional rolling horizon math programming approach.
Optical Scatter Imaging for in situ Subcellular Morphometry

Please provide author affiliations Figure 1. Optical Scatter Imaging. Representative cell undergoing programmed cell death (apoptosis). Differential Interference Contrast (DIC) images (left panels) and OSI images (right panels) are displayed at times t = -7 and 37 min. before and after apoptosis induction at t=0. "C" and "N" respectively point to the cytoplasm and nucleus. The decreased scatter ratio within the cytoplasm at t = 37 is consistent with an increase in the average particle size within the cytoplasm, and might be attributable to a loss in the volume homeostasis of mitochondria. OSI complements current microscopic techniques such as DIC by revealing subcellular alterations that might otherwise remain undetected in conventional microscopic images. OSIR = Optical Scatter Image Ratio.