cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Which adaptive maternal eating behaviors predict child feeding practices? An examination with mothers of 2- to 5-year-old children

Researchers have started to explore the detrimental impact of maladaptive maternal eating behaviors on child feeding practices. However, identifying which adaptive maternal eating behaviors contribute to lower use of negative and higher use of positive child feeding practices remains unexamined. The present study explored this link with 180 mothers of 2- to 5-year-old children. Hierarchical regression analyses (controlling for recruitment venue and maternal demographic characteristics, i.e., age, education, ethnicity, and body mass index) examined mothers' intuitive eating and eating competence as predictors of four feeding practices (restriction, monitoring, pressure to eat, and dividing feeding responsibilities with their child). Mothers who gave themselves unconditional permission to eat were less likely to restrict their child's food intake. Mothers who ate for physical (rather than emotional) reasons and had eating-related contextual skills (e.g., mindfulness when eating, planning regular and nutritious eating opportunities for themselves) were more likely to monitor their child's food intake. Mothers who had eating-related contextual skills were more likely to divide feeding responsibilities with their child. No maternal eating behavior predicted pressure to eat. Interventions to help mothers develop their eating-related contextual skills and eat intuitively, in particular, may translate into a more positive feeding environment for their young children.
Some ultrastructural aspects of spermatogenesis inLycopodium complanatum

Analysis of thin sections shows that the blepharoplast in an early spermatid ofLycopodium consists of two basal bodies and the subtending spline apparatus. The latter has a 4-layered or Vierergruppe organization much like that reported for certain bryophytes and vascular plants. During the course of spermatid maturation the vertically lamellate S2 stratum of the spline apparatus is transformed into a thinner layer of dense osmiophilic material, although the vertical lamellae of the S3,4 strata persist. Rarely there occurred “double” Vierergruppen, presumably anomalous structures in which a single layer of spline microtubules is flanked on each side by two separate sets of S2–4 strata. Longitudinal sections show that the basal bodies in an early spermatid lie parallel and close together with their microtubular triplets imbricating in the same direction. In late spermatids these basal bodies lie antiparallel and widely separated, their triplets now imbricating in opposite directions. This change is intrepreted to result from the relocation of one of the basal bodies to a position halfway around the cell by moving distal end first over the subtending spline. The basal bodies become invested by a globular-textured material not previously observed in plant spermatids. The role of this investing material is tentatively thought to be related to anchorage of the basal bodies.
Modeling, simulation and layout synthesis for giga scale CMOS VLSI

Summary form only given, as follows. With continuing proliferation of CMOS technology, we are approaching the era of giga-scale VLSI integration with lower power requirement. It would not be surprising to any member of the VLSI community that the validity of many CAD models become obsolete in the deep submicron technology. Also, the required chip complexity increases faster than what designers can afford in even shorter design cycle time. In order to manage the design complexity and contain the increase in the design effort of VLSI chips, it is critically important to fully automate the layout of VLSI circuits in a manner the finished layout meets all the design objectives such as timing, area, reliability constraints with high yield. Here the author considers new MOS models for deep submicron technologies, fast and accurate simulation techniques for VLSI circuits, MOS reliability modeling and diagnosis, and timing-driven layout CMOS synthesis techniques. FPGA, standard cells based design and full custom design cases are considered. For FPGA, timing-driven partitioning is considered along with new CAD tool development trends. For standard cells based design, gate sizing techniques for meeting timing and low-power constraints with minimum area are discussed. For full custom design, an integrated environment for compact layout platforms, triple metal routing techniques and transistor sizing algorithms is discussed.
Stochastically resilient extended Kalman filtering for discrete-time nonlinear systems with sensor failures

Missing sensor data is a common problem, which severely influences the overall performance of modern data-intensive control and computing applications. In order to address this important issue, a novel resilient extended Kalman filter is proposed for discrete-time nonlinear stochastic systems with sensor failures and random observer gain perturbations. The failure mechanisms of multiple sensors are assumed to be independent of each other with different failure rates. The locally unbiased robust minimum mean square filter is designed for state estimation under these conditions. The performance of the proposed estimation method is verified by means of numerical Monte Carlo simulation of two different nonlinear stochastic systems, involving a sinusoidal system and a Lorenz oscillator system.
Ala12 variant of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ gene (PPARG) is associated with higher polyunsaturated fat in adipose tissue and attenuates the protective effect of polyunsaturated fat intake on the risk of myocardial infarction

Background:Intake of polyunsaturated fat is protective against the development of coronary heart disease. Less is known about the genetic variation modulating this association. The Ala12 allele of theperoxisomeproliferator-activatedreceptor-gene(PPARG)decreases the lipolysis of triacylglycerols in adipose tissue, which results in the accumulation of fatty acids in adipocytes. Objective: We aimed to determine whether the Pro12Ala polymorphism interacts with polyunsaturated fat intake to affect the risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Design: Cases (n 1805) with a first nonfatal acute MI and population-basedcontrolsmatchedbyage,sex,andareaofresidence (n 1805) living in Costa Rica were genotyped for the PPARG Pro12Ala genetic polymorphism. Polyunsaturated fat intake was determined by use of a validated food-frequency questionnaire and by gas chromatography analysis of adipose tissue. Odds ratios and 95% CIs for MI were estimated by use of logistic regression. Results:TherelativeallelefrequenciesoftheAla12allelewere10% in controls and 11% in cases. Odds ratios (95% CI) for MI per each 5% increase in energy from polyunsaturated fat were 0.66 (0.53, 0.82)inPro12/Pro12subjectsand0.93(0.61,1.42)incarriersofthe Ala12 allele (P for interaction 0.03). Increments (95% CI) of polyunsaturated fat in adipose tissue per 5% increment in dietary intake were 5.4% (4.9%, 5.9%) in Pro12/Pro12 homozygotes, 6.9% (6.0%, 7.9%) in Pro12/Ala12 heterozygotes, and 7.7% (3.2%, 12.2%) in Ala12/Ala12 homozygotes (P for interaction 0.016). Conclusions: The protective effect of polyunsaturated fat intake on MI is attenuated in carriers of the Ala12 allele of PPARG. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;86:1238–42.
Statistical Dual-Vdd Assignment for FPGA Interconnect Power Reduction

Field programmable dual-Vdd interconnects are effective to reduce FPGA power. However, the deterministic Vdd assignment leverages timing slack exhaustively and significantly increases the number of near-critical paths, which results in a degraded timing yield with process variation. In this paper, we present two statistical Vdd assignment algorithms. The first greedy algorithm is based on sensitivity while the second one is based on timing slack budgeting. Both minimize chip-level interconnect power without degrading timing yield. Evaluated with MCNC circuits, the statistical algorithms reduce interconnect power by 40% compared to the single- Vdd FPGA with power gating. In contrast, the deterministic algorithm reduces interconnect power by 51% but degrades timing yield from 97.7% to 87.5%
Hurricane Imaging Radiometer wind speed and rain rate retrieval: [Part-1] development of an improved ocean emissivity model

A new microwave radiometric ocean surface emissivity model has been developed to support the analysis and design of the new airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer, HIRAD. This radiative transfer model extends current ocean surface emissivity capabilities to higher wind speeds and incidence angles. This model utilizes a variety of empirical data sources many of which were collected in hurricanes.
AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDY OF FIBROCYSTIC BREAST DISEASE WITH REFERENCE TO DUCTAL EPITHELIAL ATYPIA

A case-control study of 255 women with fibrocystic breast lesions and 790 controls was conducted at two hospitals in New Haven, Connecticut during 1977-1979. Cases were found to weigh significantly less than controls, and were more likely than controls to have: a first-degree female relative with a history of breast cancer; a higher level of education; a recent history of regular gynecologic checkups; and (if under age 45 years) a later age at first pregnancy. They were less likely to have had a surgical menopause. The degree of ductal epithelial atypia in breast biopsy specimens was evaluated in order to see whether epidemiologic characteristics differed according to the degree of ductal atypia. The only variable to show a linear relationship with ductal atypia was a recent history of regular gynecologic checkups; those with no or minimal atypia were more likely to have had recent checkups than those with high atypia scores. This study thus gives no evidence that known risk factors for breast cancer are more strongly associated with fibrocystic breast disease with a high degree of atypia than with fibrocystic breast disease with a low degree of atypia. It also provides data to support the belief that women having frequent gynecologic checkups are more likely to be included as cases in case-control studies of fibrocystic breast disease, and particularly in the groups with no or minimal atypia, than those not having frequent checkups.
On the motion of a fluid-fluid interface along a solid surface

A fluid-fluid interface that joins a solid surface forms a common line. If the common line moves along the solid, a mutual displacement process is involved and is studied here. Some simple experiments motivate the formulation of the basic assumption of the analysis. The basic assumption is a formalization of the idea that the fluid-fluid interface rolls on or unrolls off the solid. This forms an axiom for the mostly kinematical analysis that follows. The predictions are tested through a series of qualitative experiments. The role of the no-slip boundary condition at the solid surface is discussed.
Localization of a kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein in dividing cells of Arabidopsis and tobacco.

The cloning and characterization of a novel kinesin-like protein (kinesin-like calmodulin-binding protein, KCBP) from Arabidopsis and other plants has recently been described. Unlike all other known kinesin-like proteins, KCBP interacts with calmodulin in the presence of micromolar calcium. An antibody specific to KCBP was raised using a calmodulin-binding synthetic peptide that is unique to KCBP. The KCBP antibody detected a single protein of about 140 kDa in Arabidopsis and tobacco, the size predicted from cDNA sequences. In synchronized cell cultures, the amount of KCBP was abundant during M-phase and very low in interphase. To get some insight into the function of this novel motor protein, KCBP in Arabidopsis and tobacco cells was localized by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using affinity-purified anti-KCBP antibody. The KCBP was localized to the pre-prophase band, the mitotic spindle and the phragmoplast. The association of KCBP with microtubule arrays in dividing cells suggests that this minus-end-directed microtubule motor protein is likely to be involved in the formation of these microtubule arrays and/or functions associated with these structures.
Clinician attitudes toward biostatistics.

OBJECTIVE To assess clinician attitudes toward biostatistics at an academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of medical students, internal medicine resident physicians, and internal medicine teaching faculty at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine in Rochester, MN, in April 2005. RESULTS Of 468 eligible participants, 301 (64.3%) responded to the survey. A total of 87.3% of respondents (262/300) believed it would benefit their career to better understand biostatistics, but only 17.6% (53/301) believed their training in biostatistics was adequate for their needs. A total of 23.3% of respondents (70/ 300) agreed they could identify when correct statistical methods had been applied in a study, 28.0% (84/300) agreed they could design their own research projects with confidence, and 14.6% (44/301) agreed they could conduct their own statistical analyses with confidence. Respondents with the highest self-reported level of statistical education and research experience were more likely to report these skills (all, P CONCLUSION Clinicians across levels of training have low perceived knowledge of biostatistical concepts despite a clear recognition of the importance of these issues. An integrated approach to teaching biostatistics that merges biostatistics with clinically relevant medical discussions, such as those that occur in many EBM curricula for epidemiological principles, may promote learning of biostatistics.
Course of Crohn's disease after allogeneic marrow transplantation

Background & Aims: Remission of several autoimmune diseases has been described after allogeneic marrow transplantation. The aim of this study was to determine if the natural history of Crohn’s disease was altered by hematopoietic cell transplants from healthy allogeneic donors. Methods: Between 1982 and 1992, 6 patients with Crohn’s disease and leukemia underwent allogeneic marrow transplantation and were followed up clinically. Results: Five patients had active Crohn’s disease before transplantation, and 3 had clinical evidence of sclerosing cholangitis. Four marrow donors were HLA-identical siblings, 1 related donor was mismatched at the DR locus, and 1 unrelated donor was HLA-matched. One patient died of septicemia 97 days after transplantation; 5 patients were observed for 4.5, 5.8, 8.4, 9.9, and 15.3 years after transplantation. Four of 5 patients evaluated had no signs or symptoms of Crohn’s disease after transplantation. One patient with mixed donor-host hematopoietic chimerism had a relapse of Crohn’s disease 1.5 years after transplantation. Conclusions: Four of 5 patients followed up for 4.5 to 15.3 years after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation remained free of Crohn’s disease. These observations suggest that host immune dysregulation plays a role in the perpetuation of Crohn’s disease that can be corrected by allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Modeling the evaporative cooling of fermionic atoms in an optical trap

Summary form only given. Evaporative cooling of atoms in an optical trap has recently received renewed attention as a means for obtaining degeneracy in an optically trapped bosonic Cs vapor as well as a fermionic Li gas. We have developed a new model describing the evaporative cooling process for atoms confined in a time-dependent optical potential formed by a single focused Gaussian laser beam. We find that a substantial increase in the phase-space density can be obtained by adiabatically reducing the trap laser power and thereby the trap well depth as a function of time. Since we are specifically interested in the evaporative cooling of fermionic /sup 6/Li atoms, we have included the effect of Fermi statistics in the model. Although the collision rate is suppressed as the temperature T is reduced below the Fermi temperature T/sub F/, we find that values of T/T/sub F//spl Lt/1 can be achieved for suitable initial conditions.
Effect of pH on Crystal Phase of ZrO2 Precipitated from Solution and Calcined at 600°C

The pH of the solution from which the gel is precipitated determines the calcined zirconia crystal phase. Monoclinic zirconia is produced from materials precipitated in the 6.5 to 10.4 pH range; the tetragonal precursor is obtained for the 3 to 4 or 13 to 14 pH range. The calcination atmosphere, temperature history during calcination, and the presence of alkali do not appear to play a dominant role in determining the zirconia phase composition.
The Social Efficiency of Fairness: An Innovation Economics Approach to Innovation

Certain default rules for adjudicating property rights disputes retard innovation by discouraging information sharing. Reasons, identified as far back as Arrow 1962, include inspecting the value of information and uncertainty over future contingent claims. In response, we propose a solution based on a simple definition of "fairness." This unblocks innovation by increasing willingness to share private information
Pelvic tracker effects on hip center accuracy using imageless navigation.

Objective: Imageless computer assisted total knee surgical systems have commonly relied on determination of the functional rotational center of the femoral head as a landmark for determining the lower extremity mechanical axis. This has been accomplished through range of motion and center of rotation calculations for the femur with respect to the pelvis as the lower extremity is taken through a range of motion. Our study evaluated the use of this algorithm with and without a pelvic tracker attached to the iliac crest.Materials and Methods: The functional center of the hip joint was also compared to the true radiographic center as determined by spiral CT data. Evaluating the different methods on six lower extremities from three whole-body cadavers revealed significant differences in the location of the calculated hip joint center, but little difference in the resulting lower extremity mechanical axis determination. The functional hip joint centers measured with and without a pelvic tracker differed from on...
Pioglitazone attenuates diet-induced hypertension in rats

Consumption of diets rich in fats or sugars is correlated with the onset of insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. In the present study, rats were fed diets that induce hypertension; 50% of the rats were also treated with pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione derivative that sensitizes target tissues to insulin and decreases plasma insulin concentration in insulin-resistant animals. Pioglitazone treatment prevented the development of hypertension and reduced plasma insulin concentration by 70% and 37% in rats fed a high-fat or glucose diet, respectively (P < .05 compared with rats fed the same diet without pioglitazone). In rats fed a control diet, neither insulin nor blood pressure (BP) was affected by pioglitazone treatment. The effect of pioglitazone on insulin and BP could not be attributed to a reduction in body weight, since pioglitazone increased the weight gain of rats fed the high-fat or glucose diet. These findings suggest that in rats fed a diet high in fat or glucose, treatment with pioglitazone maintains plasma insulin concentration and BP at control levels, regardless of body weight.
50th anniversary of aldosterone.

This year marks the 50th anniversary of Simpson and Tait’s isolation of electrocortin (aldosterone) (Fig. 1). Five decades of research have yielded extensive insight into the biological actions mediated through this once elusive molecule, in particular, areas of sodium and potassium metabolism and the kidney. The history of discovery surrounding the mechanisms of regulation and action of aldosterone in the 1960s and 1970s provides a unique view of the birth of molecular biology and its consequent impact on the field of genomic research in the 1980s, 1990s, and the 21st century. Interestingly, recent areas of study have focused on the nongenomic effects of aldosterone and its involvement in inflammation and fibrosis in cardiovascular diseases. This has taken what might have at one time been considered a steroid hormone with a narrow pathological consequence into the realm of influencing widely prevalent diseases such as nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, and vasculopathy. Here, we provide a historic review of the discovery of aldosterone, emphasizing its widely expanding involvement in human disease. We begin describing the early years of aldosterone discovery including mention of its involvement in fibrosis by Selye. Next, we explore how molecular biology and genetics yield novel mechanisms of action and regulation. Finally, we revisit the area of nonclassical effects and the expanding involvement of aldosterone in common cardiovascular diseases.
Brains in Jars: The Problem of Language in Neuroscientific Research

Neuroscience is a rapidly expanding scientific field, and its influence on our perceptions of fundamental aspects of human life is becoming widespread, particularly in the social and behavioral sciences. This influence has many philosophical implications, only one of which will be addressed in this article. For many centuries, philosophers have grappled with the myriad problems presented by consciousness, not the least of which is the so-called “mind–body problem”; now, the gains made in the field of neuroscience promise to answer questions that have been traditionally unanswerable. The richness of neuroscientific data notwithstanding, there are still fundamental philosophical problems in play. This article seeks to answer the question: How do neuroscientists and articles drawing primarily on neuroscience use language to characterize the brain and the mind? Is the same terminology and language used interchangeably, suggesting that the mind and the brain are inherently the same, or does this influential field draw distinctions between the two? We argue that neuroscientific research uses language in a way that does not acknowledge the potential philosophical objections to a mind–brain identity thesis. By doing this, neuroscientific research does not acknowledge the historically problematic discourse about consciousness.
Threshold decoding of cyclic codes

It is shown that every cyclic code over GF(p) can be decoded up to its minimum distance by a threshold decoder employing general parity checks and a single threshold element. This result is obtained through the application of a general decomposition theorem for complex-valued functions defined on the space of all n -tuples with elements from the ring of integers modulo p .
Initial Experience with the Coaxial Dual-Lumen Ascent Balloon Catheter for Wide-Neck Aneurysm Coil Embolization

Introduction: Techniques for coil-embolization of wide-neck cerebral aneurysms include the use of stents and temporary occlusion with compliant non-detachable balloons to safely allow dense packing of the aneurysm lumen with detachable coils. We describe the use of a new balloon device for assisting in wide-neck aneurysm coil treatment. Methods: A single institution neuroendovascular database was accessed to identify cases in which the Ascent balloon (Codman Neurovascular, Raynham, MA) was used for aneurysm coil embolization. Clinical, demographic, and angiographic data were obtained through chart review. Results: Eleven cerebral aneurysm cases were treated using the Ascent balloon during the first twelve-month period that the new device was available at our institution. Three of the patients presented with ruptured aneurysms. All aneurysms were large (maximum diameter 6 mm or greater), with an average maximum diameter of 9.4 mm, and an average neck diameter of 5.5 mm. Complete occlusion with coil embolization (Raymond class I) was achieved in all cases. The Ascent balloon was successfully positioned across the neck of the aneurysm in 9 patients. Conclusions: This initial experience demonstrates the feasibility and immediate outcomes of the coaxial dual-lumen design Ascent balloon catheter used as an assistive device in coil embolization of wide-neck cerebral aneurysms. This device contributes to the growing number of assistive devices for the treatment of complex cerebral aneurysms.
Examining the impact of design for environment and the mediating effect of quality management innovation on firm performance

Abstract This paper extends research on the relationship between quality management and sustainable operations initiatives. A functional quality system is widely regarded as a prerequisite for effective environmental management, but research on the interplay of specific quality management and sustainability techniques is scarce. This paper examines the relationships of design for environment (DFE) and quality management innovation (QMI) to environmental and economic performance. Q uality management innovation is defined as those elements of TQM that specifically support or enhance innovation in products and processes. We examine these relationships with survey data from 492 manufacturing practitioners across a variety of industries. The results suggest a significant positive relationship between DFE and environmental performance, and find that this effect is significantly and positively mediated by quality management innovation. This study contributes to quality and sustainability literature while offering useful insight to practitioners.
Does the Investment-Based Model Explain the Value Premium? Evidence from Euler Equations

We empirically investigate the ability of stochastic discount factors rooted in the investment-based asset pricing theory to explain di fferences in equity risk premia across book-to-market-sorted portfolios. Our approach to this question is to specify a minimum-distance discount factor lying in the linear span of fi rms' investment returns. Contrary to the theoretical predictions of the structural investment-based model, we find that the investment-based minimum-distance discount factor cannot empirically generate a value premium, or explain higher moments and comoments between investment returns and equity returns. Further, we show that the structural investment-based framework does not outperform the consumption-based model in fi tting the book-to-market-sorted portfolios.
Genetic, Environmental and Phenotypic Relationships among Gestation Length, Birth Weight, Growth Traits and Age at First Calving in Beef Cattle

Data on the Red Angus, Angus and Hereford herds of Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., Des Moines, Iowa, collected from 1968 to 1976, were analyzed for relationships among gestation length, birth weight, prenatal gain (birth weight adjusted for gestation length), growth traits and age at first calving. A total of 5,691 calf records, 1,783 listing gestation length, were included in the study. Paternal half-sib analyses and least-squares procedures were used to compute heritability estimates and genetic, environmental and phenotypic correlations among traits. Genetic correlations among growth traits, including prenatal gain, were high in all cases. Heritability estimates for gestation length and birth weight were .36 and .43, respectively, for bull calves and .37 and .35 for heifer calves. Genetic correlations between these traits were .25 and .22 for bull and heifer calves, respectively. Gestation length was negatively correlated (genetically) with all growth traits except birth weight. This result suggests that faster growing fetuses may trigger parturition earlier than average. Age at first calving was negatively correlated (genetically) with growth traits, indicating a favorable relationship between growth and early reproduction. Analysis of several selection indexes combining either birth weight and yearling weight or gestation length and yearling weight indicated that continued response to selection for growth without excessive increase in birth weight is feasible. Selection for growth and moderate birth weight would be more effective than selection for growth and shorter gestation, suggesting that the former method would both shorten gestation and alter the growth curve. Repeatability estimates for gestation length and birth weight were .20 and .22, respectively. Maternal effects accounted for approximately 10% of the variation in each trait.
Strains in the Fiduciary Metaphor

The idea that physicians are or should be fiduciaries for their patients is a dominant metaphor in medical ethics and law. This article examines the metaphor and asks several questions. How far does the law play out this metaphor in the way it treats doctors? What are the limits in this way of conceiving the patient-doctor relationship? What limitations or modification on its use may be looming in the future? Although doctors perform fiduciary-like roles and hold themselves out as fiduciaries in their ethical codes the law holds doctors accountable as fiduciaries only in restricted situations. Moreover, private and public groups often expect doctors to work for parties other than patients.
Rabbit Cholera: Inhibitory Effect of Tenuazonic Acid on Cholera-Induced Secretion of Water and Electrolytes

The effect of tenuazonic acid, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, on cholera-induced secretion was studied in rabbit jejunum in vivo. Tenuazonic acid inhibited significantly net water and ion secretion induced by cholera toxin. The over-all inhibition of net ion flux was 72%; of the total reduction in net anion flux, 57% was due to a decrease in Cl and 43% to a decrease in HCO3. The drug had no significant effect on the net absorption of H2O, Na, Cl, and K, or net secretion of HCO3 in jejunal loops not incubated with purified cholera toxin, nor did it alter the linear relationship between net fluxes of Na and H2O observed during absorption or secretion. It is suggested that the effect of tenuazonic acid may be directed toward either the cell membrane or enzymes.
The effects of eliciting implicit versus explicit social support among youths susceptible for late-onset smoking.

Abstract Purpose Adolescents susceptible to late-onset smoking (becoming regular smokers at age 18 or later) are an understudied population. Social support is a promising target for intervention, but it is important to distinguish between implicit social support (reminders that one belongs to a network of valued others) and explicit social support (seeking and receiving advice and emotional solace). This study aimed to test the potential protective influence of implicit and explicit social support on reducing the risk of late-onset smoking. Methods Fifty-eight smoking-susceptible youths (aged 16–18, 45% African American, 55% non-Hispanic White) completed an experimental session that included a video-recording task designed to elicit thoughts about implicit, explicit, or no social support. Youths reported their behavioral willingness and intentions (BW and BI) to smoke immediately following the social support manipulation; a random sample of 39 youths reported again at a 3-week follow-up. Results Following the manipulation, BW and BI for cigarette smoking were significantly higher among youths assigned to the explicit-support condition, compared to those in the implicit-support or control conditions. At follow-up, BW and BI were highest in the explicit-support condition and lowest in the implicit-support condition, but the differences were not significant. Conclusions Overall, findings indicated that for teens susceptible for late-onset smoking, eliciting thoughts about implicit social support produces lower risk for cigarette initiation than does eliciting thoughts about explicit social support. The present results and the video task that yielded them are important to researchers and practitioners interested in reducing the likelihood of late-onset smoking.
Case Report: Nonspherocytic Chronic Hemolytic Anemia with Basophilic Stippling: Report of a Case in a Negro

1. A case of chronic hemolytic anemia, present since infancy, in a young Negro male has been reported. There were no hematologic abnormalities in the six family members who were examined. 2. The unusual features in this patient were normal red blood cell fragility, the absence of spherocytosis and marked punctate basophilia. These findings appear to conform to the syndrome of hereditary hemolytic anemia without spherocytosis described by Haden. This is the first reported case of this syndrome in a Negro. 3. Examination of material obtained by splenic puncture revealed that: a . Stippled cells were much fewer in the spleen aspirate than in the peripheral blood. b . Basophilic granules were found engulfed by the reticulo-endothelial cells of the spleen. These data suggest as a possible explanation for the hemolytic mechanism that the spleen selectively destroys the abnormal stippled erythrocytes. The mechanism of formation of these erythrocytes remains obscure.
Mechanism of magnetite formation in high temperature corrosion by model naphthenic acids

Abstract Naphthenic acid (NAP) corrosion is a major concern for refineries. The complexity of NAP in crude oil and the sulfidation process hinder a fundamental knowledge of their corrosive behavior. Studies with model acids were performed to explore the corrosion mechanism and magnetite scales were found on carbon steel. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction methods detected differences in the quantity and quality of magnetite formed by model acids. These scales exhibited different resistance to higher severity NAP corrosion in a flow through apparatus. Magnetite is proposed to be formed by thermal decomposition of iron naphthenates.
Ein kurzer Überblick über Mathematica

Mathematica ist ein nutzliches Werkzeug zum Rechnen und Programmieren, zur Datenanalyse, zur Darstellung von Daten und zur Visualisierung von Information. Obwohl wir in diesem Buch vorrangig die Moglichkeiten zur Progammierung mit der Mathematica-Sprache behandeln werden, spielen auch die anderen erwahnten Punkte in diesem Zusammenhang eine Rolle. Oft ist man in der Situation, das man Programme schreiben mus, die komplizierte Berechnungen durchfuhren und Daten in graphischer Weise darstellen, um das Problem, an dem man arbeitet, zu visualisieren. In diesem Kapitel werden wir die elementaren Operationen, die in Mathematica zur Verfugung stehen, vorstellen, und erste Einblicke in die vielfaltigen Moglichkeiten der Mathematica-Programmiersprache geben.
On Atomic Batch Executions in Stream Processing

Stream processing is about processing continuous streams of data by programs in a workflow. Continuous execution is discretized by grouping input stream tuples into batches and using one batch at a time for the execution of programs. As source input batches arrive continuously, several batches may be processed in the workflow simultaneously. A general requirement is that each batch be processed completely in the workflow. That is, all the programs triggered by the batch, directly and transitively, in the workflow must be executed successfully. Executing only a prefix of the workflow amounts to dropping (discarding) the batches that were derived by the executed part and were supposed to be input to the rest of the workflow. In some cases, such partial executions may not be acceptable and may have to be rolled back, amounting to dropping the source input batches that were processed by the partial execution. We refer to this property of processing the batches either completely or not at all as atomic execution of the batches. We also attribute the property to the batches themselves, calling them atomic batches, meaning that the property applies to the set of transactions that are executed due to that batch. If batches are processed in isolation in the workflow, preserving atomicity is fairly straightforward. When batches are split or merged along the workflow computation, the problem becomes complicated. In this paper, we study issues relating to the atomicity of batches. We illustrate that, in general, preserving atomicity of some batches may affect the atomicity of some other batches, and suggest trade-offs.
Advanced Chemical Design for Efficient Lignin Bioconversion

Lignin depolymerization mainly involves redox reactions relying on the effective electron transfer. Even though electron mediators were previously used for delignification of paper pulp, no study has established a bioprocess to fragment and solubilize the lignin with an effective laccase–mediator system, in particular, for subsequent microbial bioconversion. Efficient lignin depolymerization was achieved by screening proper electron mediators with laccase to attain a nearly 6-fold increase of kraft lignin solubility compared to the control kraft lignin without laccase treatment. Chemical analysis suggested the release of a low molecular weight fraction of kraft lignin into the solution phase. Moreover, NMR analysis revealed that an efficient enzyme–mediator system can promote the lignin degradation. More importantly, the fundamental mechanisms guided the development of an efficient lignin bioconversion process, where solubilized lignin from laccase–HBT treatment served as a superior substrate for bioconve...
Star-spangled fascism: American interwar political extremism in comparative perspective

This article demonstrates that American historiography has ignored the concept of Fascism as a category of analysis to help explain and understand the American interwar period. It makes the case th...
Protective Factors, Coping Appraisals, and Social Barriers Predict Mental Health Following Community Violence: A Prospective Test of Social Cognitive Theory

This study tested social cognitive theory of posttraumatic adaptation in the context of mass violence, hypothesizing that pre-event protective factors (general self-efficacy and perceived social support) would reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and depression severity through boosting post-event coping self-efficacy appraisals (mediator). We qualified hypotheses by predicting that post-event social support barriers would disrupt (moderate) the health-promoting indirect effects of pre-event protective factors. With a prospective longitudinal sample, we employed path models with bootstrapping resampling to test hypotheses. Participants included 70 university students (71.4% female; 40.0% White; 34.3% Asian; 14.3% Hispanic) enrolled during a mass violence event who completed surveys one year pre-event and 5-6 months post-event. Results revealed significant large effects in predicting coping self-efficacy (mastery model, R2 = .34; enabling model, R2 = .36), PTSS (mastery model, R2 = .35; enabling model, R2 = .41), and depression severity (mastery model, R2 = .43; enabling model, R2 = .46). Overall findings supported study hypotheses, showing that at low levels of post-event social support barriers, pre-event protective factors reduced distress severity through boosting coping self-efficacy. However, as post-event social support barriers increased, the indirect, distress-reducing effects of pre-event protective factors were reduced to nonsignificance. Study implications focus on preventative and responsive intervention.
Relationship building through reputation and tribalism on companies’ Facebook pages: A uses and gratifications approach

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to adopt the uses and gratifications theory (Katz et al., 1974) to understand the phenomenon of relationship building on Facebook. In addition to company-related uses and gratifications, self-related uses and gratifications – expressing self-concept and seeking social interactions and entertainment – were identified. Company reputation and tribalism were incorporated in the theoretical model as underlying mechanisms to explain the effect of the company Facebook page usage on relationship building and engagement behaviors. Design/methodology/approach A survey was conducted in a Southeastern university in the USA with 459 college students. A three-phased model was proposed and analyzed using structural equational modeling. Findings The study results demonstrated that the use and gratification of expressing self-concept led to better perceptions of company tribalism and improved relational outcomes (trust and satisfaction). Company-related uses and gratifications, on the other hand, increased trust and satisfaction by increasing perceived company reputation. Satisfaction was found to significantly encourage individuals’ word-of-mouth activities about the company as well as Facebook engagement. Originality/value Although extensive research has been conducted on the topic of companies’ social media pages, most prior studies focused on company communication practices and strategies. This study explored this phenomenon from the public’s perspective regarding various usage motivations and patterns. Company tribalism, as a relatively new concept, was introduced to explain how expressing self-concept through companies’ social media pages could benefit relationship building and eventually result in engagement behaviors.
Exaltation and atrocity: why kenotic humility can’t justify divine concurrence of evil

‘Exaltation views’ of humility are grounded on a kenotic view of humility, such that divine blessing comes proportionate to the extent to which an agent humbles herself. This article rejects exalta...
Paired-wire carrying current actuators and piezoelectric beam sensors for microelectromechanical systems

An alternative actuator for MEMS/NEMS device is proposed and analyzed. The actuator is based on the paired-wires (PW) carrying current concept, which makes the actuator extremely simple and cost-effective. This actuator is implemented in the MEMS/NEMS devices for fatigue and fracture characterization of nanomaterials. For designing the sensor part of this MEMS/NEMS device, a piezoelectric (PZ) beam was used. After designing the actuator and sensor parts of this MEMS/NEMS device, which is called PW–PZ device, the dynamic response of the PW–PZ device is fully investigated. Furthermore, the effects of all important physical parameters on the dynamics response of the PW–PZ device were studied and discussed. Considering the effects of the nanomaterial sample showed an initial design of this actuator and sensor can be used for a broad range of nanomaterial samples regardless of their stiffness or material. This PW–PZ device can be readily integrated into SEM/TEM instruments to provide real time study of the mechanical behaviors of nanomaterial samples as well as their fatigue and fracture properties, softening or hardening behaviors, and initiation and propagation of nanocracks.
Handheld high resolution multispectral imaging device for study of Cushing syndrome (Conference Presentation)

Point-of-care technologies have become increasingly important in diagnostic applications. Wireless capabilities provide easy storage and analysis of data. Thus, portable systems need to migrate to handheld versions. Previously we have been able to determine blood volume fraction and water content in human skin using near-infrared (NIR) imaging. We have also used this portable multispectral imager to successfully identify remission of disease after treatment in patients with Cushing disease. Here we present a handheld high resolution multispectral imager. This tool is designed to be light weight and easy to use to promote its use in any clinical setup. The device consists of a custom fabricated CMOS imaging camera with on-chip NIR filters, a 25mm lens and wireless communication electronics. Illumination is provided by a broad band incandescent lamp. The use of novel technology of on-chip filters avoids the need for large size filtering systems such as filter wheels, making it a handheld device. Eight NIR filters with wavelengths in the range 700 nm to 980 nm provide flexibility of detecting multiple chromophores in the skin such as oxy and deoxy hemoglobin, melanin etc. as well as water. Images are acquired simultaneously with exposure time of 300 ms to 500 ms. Each filtered image is about 340X340 pixel making it possible to use our curvature correction algorithm for accurate determination of parameters. Also, images at this resolution can provide reliable information about spatial variations. This tool can ultimately be used to the study other skin abnormalities such as Kaposi Sarcoma.
Spin Electronics: From Concentrated to Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors and Beyond

This presentation will review physical properties, relevant to spintronics, of concentrated magnetic semiconductors. Examples from the open literature and current research utilizing thin film EuS will be used as illustrations. New research on potential spin injection materials and spin detection will also be described. This latter work, carried out at MARTECH, the Center for Materials Research and Technology, demonstrates that carriers from the half-metal CrO2 may be injected across an insulator without loss of (∼100%) spin polarization. It also features the development of a Hall gradiometer capable of detecting as few as 105 spins.
Outcomes of Patients With Cirrhosis Undergoing Orthopedic Procedures: An Analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

INTRODUCTION The population of patients with cirrhosis is growing and shifting toward a more elderly demographic and thus are at risk of developing orthopedic complications. There is lack of data on safety of orthopedic procedures in this population. METHODS We performed an analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2005 to 2011 for patients undergoing hip arthroplasty, knee arthroplasty, and spinal laminectomy/fusion, stratified by presence of cirrhosis. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality and secondary endpoints included length of stay (LOS) and costs. RESULTS There were 693,610 inpatient stays for orthopedic procedures conducted during the study period, with 3014 (0.43%) patients coded as having cirrhosis. Patients with cirrhosis had a lower median age (62 vs. 66 y; P<0.001) and were more likely to be male (52.3% vs. 41.1%; P<0.001). The inpatient mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with cirrhosis (2.4% vs. 0.4%; P<0.001) as was median LOS (4 vs. 3 d; P<0.001) and mean costs ($19,321 vs. $18,833; P<0.001). Patients with decompensated cirrhosis (vs. compensated cirrhosis) had significantly higher inpatient mortality rates (5.8% vs. 1.1%; P<0.001) with higher LOS and costs (P<0.001). On multivariable analysis, cirrhosis was associated with an increased risk of mortality (odds ratio, 4.22; 95% confidence interval, 2.92-6.10). Hospital cirrhosis volume was inversely associated with mortality, while hospital orthopedic procedure volumes had an inconsistent impact on outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient orthopedic procedures in patients with cirrhosis result in high postoperative mortality, LOS, and costs. Careful patient selection is warranted to optimize cirrhosis patient postoperative outcomes.
“Still Learning”: One Couple’s Literacy Development in Older Adulthood

This essay looks into the interactions between an older African American couple as they negotiate literacy together. By considering the entwined writing trajectories of longtime life partners, the author highlights ways that “Chief” and “Shirley” demonstrate their ongoing desire for literacy in this moment of their lives; how the reading and writing practices of the more literate partner impact the less literate partner, and vice versa; and, what that engagement can tell composition researchers about writing development across the lifespan, particularly for an older couple in which one partner has become more literate later in life. Writing, like many life practices that Chief and Shirley share, indicates personal and practical commitment. Their example can help literacy researchers in Age Studies and Lifespan Development of Writing Studies understand the unconventional paths that writing development can take, not just for an individual but for a couple, and to see the value in viewing writing development as always emergent.