cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreasing unplanned extubations in the surgical intensive care unit

Abstract Background : Unplanned extubations are common, but can be life-threatening. Methods : We conducted a prospective evaluation of all intubated patients in our surgical intensive care unit to examine the effects of three parameters on the likelihood of accidental extubation. The parameters were the method of endotracheal tube fixation, the use of sedation/paralysis, and the use of hand restraints. During the baseline period, tubes were secured with cloth or velcro ties, sedation was used conservatively, and hand restraints were used routinely. A change in one study parameter was made prior to each period. Thus, in period II, tubes were secured using waterproof tape; in period III, tubes were secured with waterproof tape and sedation/paralysis was used liberally; and in period IV, tubes were secured with waterproof tape and limited use was made of hand restraints. Results : Accidental extubations were significantly less frequent when tubes were secured with waterproof tape (P Conclusions : Our data support the use of water resistant tape to secure endotracheal tubes and the routine use of hand restraints.
Strontium isotopes in weathering profiles, deep-sea sediments, and sedimentary rocks

Abstract Modifications in the mbidium-strontium-strontium isotope system during low-temperature, geologic processes have been determined for major lithic units. Rubidium-strontium ratios in basalt and granite increase markedly during weathering, but strontium isotopic composition is not altered significantly in many profiles. These relations may be useful in distinguishing active and relict weathering profiles. Deposition of aluminosilicate detritus in the marine environment may result in a further increase of rubidium-strontium ratios for the detritus, owing to rubidium fixation. Strontium in even the finest fraction of aluminosilicates deposited in the ocean, however, apparently does not equilibrate with marine strontium, even after prolonged contact with sea water and interstitial marine water. Thus the isotopic composition of strontium in deep-sea sediments may be used as an indicator of geologic provenance. Diagenesis of aluminosilicates does not generally result in equilibration of strontium isotopes, except possibly after the sediment has been deeply buried. This lack of strontium isotope equilibration during low-temperature processes places constraints on the dating of sediments and sedimentary rocks by the rubidium-strontium method.
Antipsychotic prescription use and costs for persons with schizophrenia in the 1990s: current trends and five year time series forecasts.

Abstract Real advances in schizophrenia pharmacotherapy have been made over this decade with the development of more efficacious treatment options with fewer side-effects. These advances have high per-unit direct costs that may have a profound effect on drug budgets of systems caring for persons with schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in utilization and cost for antipsychotic prescriptions by atypical, clozapine, decanoate products, and traditional neuroleptics in a large naturalistic setting, i.e. the Georgia Medicaid population. Secondly, this study forecasted the categorized antipsychotic prescription utilization through the year 2002. Administrative claims data spanning 1990–1997 for Medicaid eligible persons suffering from schizophrenia in the state of Georgia were supplemented with psychiatric institutional data obtained from the Georgia Department of Human Resources. A total of 16 227 Medicaid-eligible recipients had a code indicative of schizophrenia (ICD-9-CM=295. ∗∗ ) and were at least 16 years of age at the time of their first diagnosis. The mean recipient prescription use and expenditures were tallied for each month of the study and stratified by prescription category (atypical, clozapine, decanoate, and traditional antipsychotic). ARIMA time series models were identified and estimated using these monthly PMPM utilization and expenditures estimates to forecast 5 years beyond the last month of the study. The total use of antipsychotics increased modestly throughout the study period, and the use of atypicals, clozapine, and decanoate products increased substantially, while a decrease was observed for traditional antipsychotics. In 1995 dollars, antipsychotic expenditures increased from a mean of approximately $10 PMPM in 1990 to $95 projected for the year 2002. This transition from traditional oral antipsychotics to atypicals and decanoate products has a profound effect on drug expenditures for systems paying for the care of persons with schizophrenia. Further studies to determine the value of the transitions of therapy described in this study need to be evaluated using a system-wide- or Medicaid perspective.
Wetting of mantle olivine by sulfide melt: implications for Re/Os ratios in mantle peridotite and late-stage core formation

This study investigates the effects of variations in the relative fugacities of oxygen and sulfur on the wetting of mantle olivine by molten sulfide. Experiments were performed on mixtures of San Carlos olivine and synthetic FeS at 1 bar and 1350°C. Crucibles were fabricated from San Carlos olivine, and the fugacities of oxygen and sulfur were controlled by mixing CO2, CO, and SO2 gases. Experimental conditions ranged from logfO2=−7.9 to −10.3 and from logfS2=−1.5 to −2.5. Our experimental results demonstrate that, at a given temperature and pressure, the olivine–sulfide melt dihedral angle is controlled by the concentration of O dissolved in an anion-rich melt. Trace amounts of O dissolve in sulfide melt at fO2 conditions near the iron–wustite oxygen buffer and the dihedral angle is 90°. At fO2 conditions near the fayalite–magnetite–quartz oxygen buffer the concentration of dissolved O is near 9 wt% and the dihedral angle is 52°, allowing small amounts of sulfide melt to form an interconnected network in olivine-rich rocks and to migrate via porous flow. These results indicate that sulfide melt is likely to be mobile at current upper mantle fO2 and fS2 conditions. In mantle peridotite, the addition or removal of sulfide melt by porous flow will variably fractionate Re/Os, U/Pb, and Th/Pb ratios because Os and Pb are more chalcophile than Re, U, and Th. The Re/Os ratio of the peridotite is especially sensitive to this process. The mobility of sulfide melt at oxidizing conditions implies that the addition of oxidized chondritic material during the later stages of the accretion of the Earth may have facilitated the segregation of core-forming material by porous flow if temperatures were in excess of the sulfide solidus.
Diabetes, diabetes, and the American Diabetes Association.

Now at the end of my tenure as editor of Diabetes, I wish to offer some personal thoughts about our journal, the disease we oppose, and our Association. I am pleased, but not satisfied, with our journal. I am disappointed, but not surprised, that the disease remains recalcitrant. I am concerned, but optimistic, about our Association. The challenges are great, but so are the opportunities.
The polymerization of 1,4-pentadiene to [3.3.1]bicyclo-linked chains†

1, 4-Pentadiene has been polymerized by Ziegler-Natta catalysts to give amorphous polymers which are up to 64 wt.-% soluble. The polymers all have residual unsaturation which is substantially less than one double bond per mer, some as low as 0.1 double bond per mer. The polymerizations proceed by an unusual double inter-, double intramolecular cyclopolymerization mechanism leading to the formation of [3.3.1] bicyclic repeat units. Some main-chain (internal) unsaturation as well as pendant-group (external) unsaturation is observed. The latter results from incompletely cyclized 1,4-pentadiene units. The former is due to some concurrent isomerization of 1,4- to 1,3 pentadiene, which then copolymerizes with the 1,4 diene. The extent of isomerization varied with the catalyst system used. The soluble polymer fractions were brittle for internal unsaturations of less than about 0.05 double bond per mer and were viscous for higher values. The insoluble fractions were brittle and are believed to be lightly crosslinked.
Water-induced formation of cobalt oxides over supported cobalt/ceria–zirconia catalysts under ethanol-steam conditions

Abstract The water-induced formation of cobalt oxides by the re-oxidation of metallic cobalt in pre-reduced 10% Co/CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst was verified by in situ temperature-programmed reduction (TPR) and in situ X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) studies under various ethanol-steam conditions at 450 °C. The formation and transformation of water-induced cobalt oxide species during the reaction were influenced by the pre-reduction conditions as well as the feed stream composition. Our results suggest that the surface composition of the cobalt species (e.g. Co, CoO, and CoOx) in the 10% Co/CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst, initially determined by the catalyst pre-treatment conditions, changed toward an equilibrium state governed by the feed stream composition as the reaction proceeded. In addition, the reducibility of the ceria sites may play a significant role in the formation of such water-induced cobalt oxide species, as the redox process involves both cobalt and ceria sites in the ethanol-steam environment. Finally, the effect of the water-induced cobalt oxides in the 10% Co/CeO2–ZrO2 catalyst was investigated under ethanol and ethanol-steam conditions, particularly for the carbon–carbon (C–C) bond cleavage of ethanol. The water-induced formation of cobalt oxides in the catalyst was not observed to affect the cleavage, in either ethanol-rich (e.g. ethanol decomposition) or steam-rich (e.g. ethanol steam reforming) conditions. This result could be explained by our in situ studies, which revealed the redox exchange between reduced cobalt and oxidized cobalt in a feed stream with a changing water-to-ethanol ratio.
The properties of scalar quark bound states

Abstract We discuss the (static) potential for scalar quark bound states, their leptonic and hadronic decays and their radiative transitions.
Should Laser Refractive Surgery Be Delayed? The Benefits in Deferring Laser Refractive Surgery Outweigh the Disadvantages

THINK OF people you care about. Imagine them making an important economic decision on a subject they do not understand. Questions inevitably come to mind. Will the product they want to purchase be less expensive later? Does it have a good track history ? Is it of high quality and durable? Will it soon be of higher quality and durability? Complicated answers will follow these questions. The only question with a simple answer, albeit deceptively simple, comes at the end of all the talk and confusion: Do you want to make the purchase now or wait?
Prostaglandin synthetase activity in vascular tissue of male and female rats.

Abstract 1. Isolated perfused lungs from mature male rats show greater conversion of 14 C Arachidonic Acid to cyclo-oxygenase products than females. 2. Following unlabelled arachidonate infusion, the male lungs release more 6-K-PGF 1α and TxB 2 than females. 3. Aortic rings from male rats release more PGI 2 -like material and 6-K-PGF 1α than the females. 4. These data indicate an elevated PG synthetase activity in male rats as compared with females.
Molecular Dissection of the Vaccinia Virus I7L Core Protein Proteinase

The vaccinia virus I7L gene product is predicted to be a cysteine proteinase and is demonstrated in this study to be responsible for cleavage of each of the three major core protein precursors (P4a, P4b, and P25K) in vivo. Mutagenesis of the putative catalytic triad of I7L or of the cleavage sites in the core protein precursors inhibits processing. A truncated protein lost the ability to cleave the core protein precursors.
Esophageal rupture: Computed tomography with endoscopic correlation

Boerhaave syndrome, or spontaneous rupture of the esophagus, is a complication of violent vomiting. Although the syndrome is rare, awareness of it is important because delayed or missed diagnosis can be fatal. Radiographic imaging, particularly computed tomography, is the mainstay of diagnosis, and endoscopy generally does not play a role. We present a case of Boerhaave syndrome diagnosed by computed tomography that was complemented by endoscopic direct visualization to optimize surgical management. True Boerhaave syndrome is extremely rare, and rarer still is an endoscopic view of a known full-thickness tear of the esophagus.
Entrepreneurship and paths to business ownership

Alternative paths to ownership are examined, including starting, purchasing or inheriting a firm, as well as being promoted or brought in by existing owners. It is hypothesized that these involve different ‘degrees of entrepreneurship’, which will be reflected in the profiles of owner-managers who have followed each path. Data on 1756 owner-managers are used to test hypotheses relating path to ownership to: the entrepreneurs' background characteristics; motivations and attitudes; and previous careers, incubator organizations and processes of starting.
Ciliated micropillars for the microfluidic-based isolation of nanoscale lipid vesicles

We fabricated a microfluidic device consisting of ciliated micropillars, forming a porous silicon nanowire-on-micropillar structure. We demonstrated that the prototype device can preferentially trap exosome-like lipid vesicles, while simultaneously filtering out proteins and cell debris. Trapped lipid vesicles can be recovered intact by dissolving the porous nanowires in PBS buffer.
Microelectrochemical Measurements of the Dissolution of Single MnS Inclusions, and the Prediction of the Critical Conditions for Pit Initiation on Stainless Steel

A combination of mathematical modeling and experiments on single MnS inclusions was used to investigate the role of MnS inclusions on the initiation of pitting corrosion of 304 stainless steel. Isolation of single MnS inclusions in chloride-containing solutions with use of microcapillaries as electrochemical cells showed that the orientation of the MnS inclusion played a significant role in pit initiation. Large, shallow MnS inclusions failed to initiate pitting corrosion, while the same inclusions, oriented narrow and deep, consistently exhibited the onset of localized corrosion. The formation of a microcrevice was observed between the dissolving MnS inclusion and stainless steel. The microcrevice resulted in a locally occluded region where aggressive ions can accumulate. A mathematical model was developed to explore the local chemistry within a one-dimensional microcrevice of which one wall was MnS and the other was stainless steel. The results of the simulations supported the view of a critical solution chemistry of sulfur species, in a chloride environment, as a possible trigger mechanism for localized corrosion. A critical microcrevice geometry of approximately 1 μm was predicted to be sufficiently large to generate stable pitting in the system under study.
An efficient recursive algorithm for time-varying Fourier transform

An efficient recursive algorithm for computing the time-varying Fourier transform (TVFT) or short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of a time sequence is presented. In this approach, instead of excluding the old samples, their importance is diminished by using all-pole moving windows. This recursive algorithm requires about one half of the computation and storage of the Amin's algorithm. The resulting TVFT does not possess any sidelobes. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated by two numerical examples. >
Student use of Facebook for organizing collaborative classroom activities

Social network sites such as Facebook are often conceived of as purely social spaces; however, as these sites have evolved, so have the ways in which students are using them. In this study, we examine how undergraduate students use the social network site Facebook to engage in classroom-related collaborative activities (e.g., arranging study groups, learning about course processes) to show how Facebook may be used as an informal tool that students use to organize their classroom experiences, and explore the factors that predict type of use. Data from two surveys (N = 302, N = 214) are used to analyze how Facebook use, social and psychological factors, self-efficacy, and types of instructor-student communication on Facebook are related to positive and negative collaboration among students. We found that predictors of Facebook use for class organizing behaviors include self-efficacy and perceived motivation to communicate with others using the site. When placed in the context of social and psychological factors, Facebook intensity did not predict either positive or negative collaboration, suggesting that how students used the site, rather than how often they used the tool or how important they felt it was, affected their propensity to collaborate.
SENSITIZED PHOTOOXIDATION OF ISOEUGENOL TO VANILLIN

— The photochemical conversion of isoeugenol to vanillin can proceed via the 1O2 (1Δg) state of oxygen and can be effected over a wide range of base and dye concentrations. A typical situation involving methylene blue (0.3 mM), isoeugenol (24 mM) and a base concentration of 0.1 N will give yields of approximately 35% of the theoretical amount.
Empowering the Physical and Political Self: Women and the Practice of Self-Defense, 1890–1920

First-wave feminists in the Progressive Era found ways to make the political physical by empowering their bodies. As the women's suffrage movement gained momentum, advocates for women's self-defense training in England and in the United States insisted that all women were physically capable of defending themselves and should learn self-defense not only to protect themselves physically but to empower themselves psychologically and politically for the battles they would face in both the public and private spheres. Militant suffragettes used their bodies to convey discontent and resist oppression through marches, pickets, and hunger strikes. Yet, and perhaps more importantly, even average women, with no direct association with suffrage organizations, expressed a newfound sense of empowerment through physical training in boxing, wrestling, and jiu-jitsu.1 This paper considers the ways in which women during the first wave of feminism empowered their bodies to fight assault, sexism, and disfranchisement through their training in the “manly art” of self-defense. Although not all women who embraced physical training and martial arts had explicit or implicit political motives, women's self-defense figuratively and literally challenged the power structure that prevented them from exercising their full rights as citizens and human beings.
A hardware acceleration technique for gradient descent and conjugate gradient

Application Robustification, a promising approach for reducing processor power, converts applications into numerical optimization problems and solves them using gradient descent and conjugate gradient algorithms [1]. The improvement in robustness, however, comes at the expense of performance when compared to the baseline non-iterative versions of these applications. To mitigate the performance loss from robustification, we present the design of a hardware accelerator and corresponding software support that accelerate gradient descent and conjugate gradient based iterative implementation of applications. Unlike traditional accelerators, our design accelerates different types of linear algebra operations found in many algorithms and is capable of efficiently handling sparse matrices that arise in applications such as graph matching. We show that the proposed accelerator can provide significant speedups for iterative versions of several applications and that for some applications such as least squares, it can substantially improve the computation time as compared to the baseline non-iterative implementation.
Robust target estimation in compressive sensing based colocated MIMO radar

A colocated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system is considered, in which the transmitters and receivers are nodes of a small scale wireless network. The sparsity of targets in the illuminated space allows target detection based on compressive sensing (CS) techniques. A receive node compresses the received signal via a linear transformation, Φ, referred to in CS theory a measurement matrix. The compressed samples are subsequently forwarded to a fusion center, where an l1-optimization problem is formulated and solved for target information. CS-based MIMO radar achieves the same localization performance as do traditional methods but with many fewer measurements. Unlike previous work, we consider the case in which the targets might be located across several range bins, and the delay of the first reflected signal is unknown and, due to the small number of compressed samples, cannot be estimated accurately. A new measurement matrix is proposed that is constructed based on the transmit signal waveforms and also accounts for all possible discretized delays of target returns within a given time window. It is shown that reduced bandwidth transmit waveforms can lead to a measurement matrix that improves signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), but on the other hand, using waveforms that are too narrowband increases the coherence of the sensing matrix, thus invalidating the conditions for the application of the CS approach. Therefore, the transmit waveforms must be chosen carefully to guarantee the desired performance.
Research on Stateful Web Service Modeling Based on Extended Petri Net

In the environment of Internet of things, devices are encapsulated as web services and device operations are encapsulated as web service methods. These web services are stateful because devices can't be controlled by more than one client at the same time. Traditional web service composition methods are lack of considering state of the web services and have great challenge under Internet of things. In this paper, a three-layer model for modeling stateful web services composition based on extended Petri net is proposed. It includes web services layer, ws-resource layer and process layer. A method of a web service is abstracted as a ws-resource. There are two types of ws-resources: exclusive resources can be invoked serially, non-exclusive resources can be invoked simultaneously. In this model, a web service is associated with one or more ws-resources, a web service can be invoked only when all needed ws-resources are available. Finally an example is demonstrated to illustrate how this model works.
A dosimetric analysis of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as an alternative to adjuvant high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy in early endometrial cancer patients.

Purpose: To evaluate the role of intensity-modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) as an alternative to high-doserate (HDR) brachytherapy in the treatment of the vagina in postoperative early endometrial cancer patients after surgery. Methods and Materials: Planning computed tomography (CT) scans of 10 patients previously treated with HDR were used in this study. In all cases, a dose of 700 cGy/fraction was prescribed at a distance of 0.5 cm from the cylinder surface. The same CT scans were then used in IMRT planning. In this paradigm, the vaginal cylinder represents a component of a hypothetical immobilization system that would be indexed to the linac treatment table. Results: Our study showed that IMRT provided relatively lower rectal doses than HDR when treatment was prescribed at a distance of 0.5 cm away from the cylinder surface. Maximum rectal doses were lower with IMRT compared with HDR (average: 89.0% vs. 142.6%, respectively, p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean rectal dose was lower in IMRT plans compared with HDR plans with treatment prescribed either to the surface (average: 14.8% vs. 21.4%, respectively, p < 0.05) or to 0.5 cm (average: 19.6% vs. 33.5%, respectively, p < 0.05). IMRT plans had planning target volume (PTV) coverage comparable with HDR (average PTV minimum for treatment prescribed to 0.5 cm: 93.9% vs. 92.1%, p 0.71, respectively) with less inhomogeneity (average PTV maximum: 110.8% vs. 381.6%, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our dosimetric analysis suggests that when used in conjunction with a suitable immobilization system, IMRT may provide an alternative to HDR brachytherapy in women with early endometrial cancer after hysterectomy. However, more studies are needed to evaluate the clinical merit of the IMRT in these patients. © 2006 Elsevier Inc.
Likelihood of using drug courts: Predictions using procedural justice and the theory of planned behavior

The current research compares two theoretical models borrowed from social psychology (theory of planned behavior and procedural justice) to predict intentions to make use of a drug court. Medicaid-eligible substance users answered a number of questions regarding their intentions to use a drug court in the future, including items from planned behavior and procedural justice scales. When procedural justice was considered alone, only trustworthiness predicted intention to use drug courts. When planned behavior was considered alone, only deliberative attitudes predicted the intention. After combining the two models, deliberative attitudes from the theory of planned behavior were the only significant predictor of likelihood to make use of a drug court. Recommendations for future study of this area center on conceptualization of procedural justice and the use of alternative samples.
Digest: Bonander v. Town of Tiburon

Issue When a property owner brings a lawsuit that contests an individual assessment levied under the Municipal Improvement Act of 19131 by challenging the assessment for failing to comply with article XIII D of the California Constitution,2 must the property owner comply with the requirements governing validation proceedings brought under California Code of Civil Procedure sections 860 through 870.5?
Force on a Small Particle Attached to a Plane Wall in a Hiemenz Straining Flow

The force acting on a spherical particle fixed to a wall and immersed in an axisymmetric straining flow is examined for small Reynolds numbers. The steady, incompressible flow field is computed using an axisymmetric finite-volume method over conditions spanning five decades in the Reynolds number. The flow is characterized by the formation of a vortex ring structure in the wedge region formed between the particle lower surface and the plane wall. A power law expression for the dimensionless particle force is obtained as a function of the Reynolds number, which is found to hold with excellent accuracy for Reynolds numbers below about 0.1.
Immaturities in Reward Processing and Its Influence on Inhibitory Control in Adolescence

The nature of immature reward processing and the influence of rewards on basic elements of cognitive control during adolescence are currently not well understood. Here, during functional magnetic resonance imaging, healthy adolescents and adults performed a modified antisaccade task in which trial-by-trial reward contingencies were manipulated. The use of a novel fast, event-related design enabled developmental differences in brain function underlying temporally distinct stages of reward processing and response inhibition to be assessed. Reward trials compared with neutral trials resulted in faster correct inhibitory responses across ages and in fewer inhibitory errors in adolescents. During reward trials, the blood oxygen level-dependent signal was attenuated in the ventral striatum in adolescents during cue assessment, then overactive during response preparation, suggesting limitations during adolescence in reward assessment and heightened reactivity in anticipation of reward compared with adults. Importantly, heightened activity in the frontal cortex along the precentral sulcus was also observed in adolescents during reward-trial response preparation, suggesting reward modulation of oculomotor control regions supporting correct inhibitory responding. Collectively, this work characterizes specific immaturities in adolescent brain systems that support reward processing and describes the influence of reward on inhibitory control. In sum, our findings suggest mechanisms that may underlie adolescents' vulnerability to poor decision-making and risk-taking behavior.
A Multilevel Analysis of the Relationships among Communal School Organization, Student Bonding, and Delinquency:

Research has identified school-related factors that are predictive of a student's involvement in delinquency: specifically, school-level communal school organization and individual-level student bonding. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the multilevel relationships among these concepts in a nationally representative sample of 13,597 students in 253 schools. Hypotheses stating that students who attend more communally organized schools are more likely to be bonded to school and less likely to engage in delinquency were upheld, as was the hypothesis that students who are more attached to their school are less likely to engage in delinquency. The final hypothesis, which examined a multilevel interaction between communal school organization and student bonding, was upheld in that student bonding had less of an effect on delinquency in schools that were more communally organized. Implications for delinquency prevention are discussed.
Climate Change and the Hegemony of State Water Law

Available models suggest that climate change (global warming) will cause significantly shifts in the distribution of water resources around the United States, with some areas becoming much wetter and others much drier. Although the federal government has played a more significant role in water law and policy than is often recognized, the traditional view is that state law and policy dominates in the area of water resources allocation and management – the supposed hegemony of state water law. Prevailing U.S. water law and policy will have to adapt to the hydrological changes caused by climate change, and are likely to generate a shift in the relative federal and state roles in water law and policy.
The role of interventional oncology in the palliative care of cancer patients

ABSTRACTInterventional oncologists have expertise in delivery of state of the art, minimally invasive, image-guided procedures. As such, interventional oncologists are well-suited to provide palliative options for cancer patients, who often have complex comorbidities precluding them from more invasive options. The broad spectrum of procedures developed into clinical practice highlight the integral role of interventional oncology in the palliation of cancer patients. This review will focus on several of the more common procedures performed by interventional oncologists to provide symptomatic relief: 1. Tunneled peritoneal or pleural catheter placement for fluid drainage; Peritoneovenous shunt placement for fluid drainage; 2. Ablation with focus on metastatic bone ablation for pain control; 3. Neurolysis with focus on celiac neurolysis for pain control; 4. Decompressive gastrostomies or cecostomies for gastric and bowel obstruction; 5. Trans-arterial embolization for uncontrolled hemorrhage. A description o...
Granulated malathion as a possible control for Tendipes plumosus (Diptera: Tendipedidae).

In laboratory tests granulated malathion gave 99% control of larvae of Tendipes plumosus (L.) at 0.1 pound technical per acre in 1 foot of water. At depths greater than 1 foot, some dispersion of malathion often occurred, reducing its effectiveness. Variations in the type, size, or malathion concentration of granules did not appreciably after their effect on T. plumosus . Mud depths greater than 2½ inches did not reduce the effectiveness of malathion granules. In mud and water at approximately pH 7.2, a 50% deactivation of granulated malathion occurred after 4 to 8 days. Snails and leeches appeared to be unaffected by 0.1 pound per acre concentrations of malathion. The leech Helobdella stagnalis (L.) and a protozoan of the genus Thelohania caused considerable mortality in larvae of T. plumosus . Field tests in a 19-acre, 20-foot deep lake failed to control Tendipes larvae at rates as high as 0.8 pound of malathion acre. Lack of control in this lake was attributed to binding of the malathion by organic matter, a species of Tendipes larvae less susceptible to malathion, and dispersion. On a 1-acre test area in Lake Winnebago, a 137,708-acre lake with a maximum depth of 22 feet, granulated malathion applied at 2.0 pounds technical per acre gave about 70% control of larvae of T. plumosns . In adequate control of larvae in this test was considered to be the result of dispersion. After release from the granules, malathion was probably distributed throughout the waters of the lake by wind-created currents.
Identification of Floral Compounds of Night-Blooming Jessamine Attractive to Cabbage Looper Moths

Collections of volatile chemicals emitted from flowers of night-blooming jessamine, Cestrum nocturnum L., yielded three principal chemicals; benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, and phenylacetaldehyde. Female cabbage looper moths, Trichoplusia ni (Hubner), exhibited upwind oriented flight and contact with dispensers that released an artificial blend of synthetic compounds similar to the natural blend from jessamine flowers. Observed behaviors in response to phenylacetaldehyde alone were not Significantly different from those to the complete blend, although moths also oriented to benzyl acetate. Based on these results, phenylacetaldehyde alone may provide optimum attraction of cabbage looper moths to the flowers and to artificial lures. The plants displayed a diel periodicity in the release of these compounds coincident with the diel pattern of feeding activity of cabbage looper moths. Moth feeding occurs principally at and immediately after dusk, and the production of the floral odor peaked in the first 2 h of the scotophase.
Action of Nicotine on H+ Secretion, Potential, and Resistance in Isolated Bullfrog Gastric Mucosa

SummaryThe effects of nicotine on H+ secretion, transmucosal PD, and resistance were studied in isolated bullfrog gastric mucosa. It was found that nicotine produced a reversible dose-related inhibition of H+ secretion, with an increase in transmucosal PD, resistance, and calculated short-circuit current. The results indicate that nicotine may selectively inhibit H+ secretory mechanism.
Project Chariot: How Alaska Escaped Nuclear Excavation

(1989). Project Chariot: How Alaska Escaped Nuclear Excavation. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Vol. 45, No. 10, pp. 28-37.
Determination of ten elements in cast iron by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry

Ten elements including C,Si,Mn,P,S,Ti,V,Cr,Ni,Cu in cast iron were determined by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.Crystal OVO-C was selected for measuring C,and the obtained intensity was higher than that measured by crystal OVO-55.The influence of the whiting level of sample on the determination results was tested.The whiting and whiting level of sample surface influences the results of C,Si,P and S obviously,but has little effect on the results of Mn.The detection limit was 1.2-114 μg/g.The precision test indicated that the relative standard deviation(RSD,n=11) of C,Si,Mn,P and S,which were hardly simultaneously analyzed,were 0.57%,1.3%,0.53%,0.98% and 1.2%.The method has been applied for the determination of 10 elements in cast iron samples,the results were consistent with those obtained by other methods.
Nuclear Performance of the Thin-Liquid FW Concept of the CLiFF Design

The nuclear performance of the thin Convective Liquid Flow First Wall (CLiFF) concept is investigated. Liquid walls offer the advantage of protecting solid structure behind them from excessive damage from neutrons originated in the plasma and thus have the capability for high power density applications; the central research focus of the Advanced Power Extraction (APEX) study. In the present parametric and scoping work, several combinations of liquid breeder and structure type where investigated. The aim is to maximize local tritium breeding ratio (TBR), power multiplication, and ensuring that the vacuum vessel and toroidal coils are protected from excessive radiation. The candidate liquid breeders considered are Li, Flibe, and Sn-Li. Vanadium-alloy is deployed with Li while either Ferritic steel or SiC is deployed with Flibe and Sn-Li. Deployment of other refractory alloys and their impact on TBR was also studied. The introduction of a beryllium multiplier zone in the blanket was shown to enhance tritium production capability, particularly for those liquid breeders whose TBRs are marginal.
Bayesian Additive Regression Tree for Seemingly Unrelated Regression with Automatic Tree Selection

Abstract In this chapter, we propose a flexible Bayesian regression tree model when the response variable is a vector and the components of the vector are highly correlated. Our proposed Bayesian additive tree model can jointly model the correlation structure among the related response variables and provide a highly flexible and nonlinear regression structure for each of the individual regression functions. The number of trees in our multivariate Bayesian additive regression tree (seemingly unrelated regression) model (BART-SUR) is selected adaptively by treating it as a model parameter and assigning a prior distribution on it. We have designed an efficient Bayesian backfitting algorithm with reversible jump MCMC for our BART-SUR model. Our BART-SUR can jointly model the correlated response vector and at the same time it can adaptively select the number of trees required to fit the data set. The adaptive tree selection makes our model extremely fast and efficient. We demonstrate the superiority of our BART-SUR model over several out of the shelve popular methods like random forest, neural network, wavelet regression, and support vector machine through two simulation studies and three real data applications.
Description versus Sociology in Introductory Textbooks

This is a response to “‘World Religions’ in Introductory Sociology Textbooks: In Search of the Sociology.”
Surface waves and crustal structure in the Gulf of California region

abstract Crust and upper mantle S -wave velocity structure has been inferred for several distinct portions of the Gulf of California, Baja California, and Sonora, Mexico using seismic surface-wave dispersion measurements. Earthquakes in the Gulf and seismograph stations in the northern gulf, southern California, and Arizona have been used here. Fundamental-mode Rayleigh-wave data from 10- to 40-sec periods and first-higher-mode waves from 6- to 10-sec periods are used to delineate structure for five distinct sets of paths in and adjacent to the gulf. Baja California and Sonora (mainland Mexico) have similar crustal thicknesses of about 25 km. Because of interference between the fundamental and higher modes, Love-wave group velocities for Baja paths are unusually high with respect to values expected on the basis of Rayleigh-wave dispersion and were not used to determine structure. Short-period higher-mode Rayleigh waves provide a particularly good constraint on the average crustal thickness beneath Baja. For paths within the Gulf of California, there is considerable variation in the observed Rayleigh-wave dispersion. Although lateral-refraction effects may be influencing the dispersion results, consistency of observations for similar paths suggests the presence of segments of the gulf with distinct structures and permits some estimates to be made of local variations in crustal structure normal to the axis of the gulf. In the deepest portions of the gulf, average structure is near-oceanic with a crustal thickness of 9 km, but is near 20 km in the central and northeastern gulf.
Lipid Nano-Particles in Medicine: Production, Stability and Drug Delivery – A Review

The review broadly describes a number of important features relating to the recent advances of nano-formulations used for efficient delivery of medicinal components by using lipidbased nano-particles (LNP) as a carrier directed for cure or diagnostic purposes. The concept of lipidoic nano-carriers was primarily originated due to the advancing knowledge of colloid science which in time translates to the recent days' adaptation of nano-technology aiming to develop biocompatible formulations for efficient drug delivery purposes. The carrier-mediated delivery offers extraordinary advantages enabling to supply the drugs more effectively with added benefits of sustained release and enhanced level of bioavailability at desired sites, which are otherwise unattainable by any previous ways. Following a multitude of modern techniques a number of medicinal components are reformulated by packaging inside the LNPs thus rendering the process much tenable for achieving a speedy cure. To improve the efficiency further, the LNPs are intended to be target specific aiming for delivering the drug regimen specifically at the affected organs leaving others as much as possibly unharmed. This novel idea of targeted device makes likely to carry multiple drug regimens simultaneously reducing the toxic side effects especially when treating any tumors or diseases in the brain and consequently lowering the drugresistance effort. Therefore the mammoth usefulness of LNP in the field of formulation chemistry makes it an attractive subject in future for review or discussion concerning the production, stability and also the uniqueness involved in efficient drug delivery process.
Les Fondations pieuses waqfs chez les chrétiens et les juifs, du moyen âge à nos jours

Endowments known as waqfs historically constituted one of the most important institutions in Islamic societies. Muslims established them to sustain families and to support mosques, schools, orphana...
Communication activism pedagogy and research: communication education scholarship to promote social justice

Social justice activism—“attempts to make a positive difference in situations where people’s lives are affected by oppression, domination, discrimination, racism, conflict, and other forms of cultu...
Family Caregiving: A Vision for the Future

The authors of this review both served on the National Academy of Science, Engineering, and Medicine Committee that produced the report, "Caring for an Aging America". In this commentary we summarize key findings and recommendations most relevant to clinicians and researchers in geriatric psychiatry and related disciplines. The report notes the growing prevalence of family caregiving in the United States, especially those caring for high-need patients with multiple chronic conditions, disability, and/or cognitive impairment. To support the capacity of family caregivers to perform critical caregiving tasks, the report recommends a major shift in healthcare policy toward collaborative partnerships among patients, their defined family, and providers of care. Optimizing the role of family caregivers will minimally require systematic attention to the identification, assessment, and support of family caregivers throughout the care delivery process. Research is needed to develop the tools and protocols to efficiently assess caregivers, and identify ways in which they can be integrated into existing clinical practices. We also need research to identify how to best implement, maintain, and evaluate caregiver support programs within clinical and community settings. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services should be charged with developing, testing, and implementing provider payment reforms that motivate providers to engage and support family caregivers. Payment reforms should include clearly articulated performance standards that hold providers accountable for caregiver engagement, training, and support by explicitly including caregiver outcomes in quality measures.
Disaster recovery plan for medical records company

Abstract Computer systems have become a critical part of many businesses. Businesses rely on computer systems to perform many daily tasks. It is important that businesses have a valid strategy to recover their data in the event of fires, hurricanes, other natural disasters, sabotage, or security incidents. This paper describes the concepts of a disaster recovery and data replication plan that The Medical Record Company will adhere.
Influence of Photoperiod on Winter Growth of Seven Species of Tropical Landscape Trees

Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. ex DC. (sissoo), Psidium littorale Raddi. (cattley guava), Lysiloma bahamensis Benth. (false tamarind), Callistemon rigidus R.Br. (bottlebrush), Calophyllum inophyllum L. (mastwood), Bucida buceras L. (black olive), and Koelreuteria elegans (Seem.) A.C. Sm. (golden rain tree) seedlings were grown under long day (LD) and natural daylength (ND) photoperiods from September 7, 1982 to April 7, 1983 to determine if LD would prevent quiescence and thereby allow year round growth and reduced production time. Koelreuteria and Dalbergia under ND essentially ceased growth during these months, but plants grown under LD continued to grow at a rapid rate during this time. Psidium, Calophyllum, Callistemon, and Lysiloma grew at equivalent rates throughout the winter under both photoperiods, but in Bucida growth under ND was greater than under LD during this time.
Evidence of developmental niche construction in dung beetles: effects on growth, scaling and reproductive success.

Niche construction occurs when organisms modify their environments and alter selective conditions through their physiology and behaviours. Such modifications can bias phenotypic variation and enhance organism–environment fit. Yet few studies exist that experimentally assess the degree to which environmental modifications shape developmental and fitness outcomes, how their influences may differ among species and identify the underlying proximate mechanisms. Here, we experimentally eliminate environmental modifications from the developmental environment of Onthophagus dung beetles. We show that these modifications (1) differentially influence growth among species, (2) consistently shape scaling relationships in fitness-related traits, (3) are necessary for the maintenance of sexual dimorphism, (4) influence reproductive success among females of at least one species and (5) implicate larval cultivation of an external rumen as a possible mechanism for environmental modification. Our results present evidence that Onthophagus larvae engage in niche construction, and that this is a fundamental component of beetle development and fitness.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury

Objective: To provide certified athletic trainers, physicians, and other health care and fitness professionals with recommendations based on current evidence regarding the prevention of noncontact and indirect-contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries in athletes and physically active individuals. Background: Preventing ACL injuries during sport and physical activity may dramatically decrease medical costs and long-term disability. Implementing ACL injury-prevention training programs may improve an individual's neuromuscular control and lower extremity biomechanics and thereby reduce the risk of injury. Recent evidence indicates that ACL injuries may be prevented through the use of multicomponent neuromuscular-training programs. Recommendations: Multicomponent injury-prevention training programs are recommended for reducing noncontact and indirect-contact ACL injuries and strongly recommended for reducing noncontact and indirect-contact knee injuries during physical activity. These programs are...