cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Seeing a Coastline Paradox in Membrane Reservoirs

In this issue of Developmental Cell, Goudarzi et al. (2017) examine the membrane source that allows bleb-based cell migration in vivo. Their work reminds us of the fractal nature of cell surfaces and highlights how the unfolding of these convoluted surfaces contributes to physiologically relevant cell shape change in intact organisms.
Pussy grabs back: bestialized sexual politics and intersectional failure in protest posters for the 2017 women’s march

The women’s march on Washington on January 21 2017 and its more than 600 sister marches across the world was characterized by its distinctly feline theme. Most notable were the pink pussy hats and ...
Consciousness and the limits of memory

Intermodal representationalism is a popular theory of consciousness. This paper argues that intermodal representationalism is false, or at least likely so. The argument turns on two forms of exceptional episodic memory: hyperthymesia and prodigious visual memory in savant syndrome. Emerging from this argument is a broader lesson about the relationship between memory and perception; that it may be possible to entertain in memory the very same content as in a corresponding perceptual experience, and that the ‘overflow’ interpretation of the classic Sperling paradigm experiments may not fully generalize.
Premature Sets of Factors

Suppose S is a set of compatible one-factors of the regular graph G which cannot be embedded in a one-factorization of G. Then S is called a premature set of factors of G. Any proper maximal set is premature, but not conversely; if fact we are most interested in what we might call properly premature sets — sets which can be extended part way, but not to a one-factorization. We discuss premature and properly premature sets in complete graphs.
Effect of zolpidem on the efficacy of continuous positive airway pressure as treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.

STUDY OBJECTIVE Assess the effect of the hypnotic zolpidem on the efficacy of nasal continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. DESIGN Randomized double blind placebo controlled, cross-over study. SETTING Veterans Administration Medical Center. PATIENTS 16 patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea (apnea+ hypopnea index > 30/hr), on CPAP therapy for at least 6 months. INTERVENTION Three sleep studies were performed over three consecutive weeks. On night one the pressure level required to prevent apnea, hypopnea, and snoring was determined. On the second and third study nights, either placebo (P) or 10 mg of zolpidem (Z) was given (random order) and subjects slept on the CPAP level determined on the first night. MEASUREMENTS Sleep architecture, apnea + hypopnea index, arterial oxygen saturation. RESULTS The sleep architecture was similar on the placebo and zolpidem nights except for a decrease in the sleep latency ( P: 23.5 +/- 4.7; Z: 13.1 +/- 3.3 minutes, P < 0.02) and a small decrease in the arousal index (P < 0.03) on zolpidem nights. The was no significant difference between placebo and zolpidem nights in the apnea + hypopnea index (P: 4.8 +/- 1.4 versus Z : 2.7 +/- 0.47 events/hour), oxygen desaturation index (1.46 +/- 0.53 versus 0.81 +/- 0.29 desaturations/hour), or the lowest SaO2 (91.4 +/- 0.6 versus 91.0 +/- 0.7%). CONCLUSIONS Acute administration of zolpidem 10 mg does not impair the efficacy of an effective level of CPAP in patients with severe obstructive sleep apnea.
Association of Quality of Life With Surgical Excision of Early-Stage Melanoma of the Head and Neck

Importance Surgical excision is the standard-of-care treatment for Tis and T1a melanomas of the head and neck. Currently, however, the association of diagnosis and surgical treatment of these typically slowly progressive and nonfatal melanomas with a patient's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is unknown. Objective To characterize and assess HRQoL in patients with Tis and T1a head and neck melanoma, evaluate changes in HRQoL over the surgical treatment course, and identify patient characteristics associated with lower HRQoL. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal, prospective cohort study involved patients with Tis or T1a melanoma of the head and neck who underwent staged excision at a single tertiary care center (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York) and were recruited from June 1, 2016, to February 28, 2017. Patients were followed up for 1 year after their surgical procedure. Participants were asked to complete 2 patient-reported outcome measure questionnaires, Skindex-16 and Skin Cancer Index (SCI), at 4 time points: baseline, perioperative (1 to 2 weeks after surgery), and 6-month and 1-year follow-up. Main Outcomes and Measures Scores on the Skindex-16 and SCI questionnaires. Results In total, 56 patients were included in the study, among whom 24 (43%) were female and 32 (57%) were male, with a mean (range) age of 67.2 (32-88) years; all patients self-identified as white. Forty-one (73%) questionnaires at perioperative, 49 (88%) at 6-month postoperative, and 41 (73%) at 1-year postoperative time points were completed. At baseline, female patients and those younger than 65 years had statistically significantly worse HRQoL on the Skindex-16 questionnaire (mean score, 14.2 [95% CI, 9.1-21.9] and 16.1 [95% CI, 9.8-26.4]) and on the SCI questionnaire (mean score, 57.2 [95% CI, 48.3-67.6] and 53.2 [95% CI, 44.1-64.3]) compared with males (mean Skindex-16 score, 7.0 [95% CI, 4.8-10.3]; mean SCI score, 73.5 [95% CI, 66.0-81.7]) and those aged 65 years or older (mean Skindex-16 score 7.1 [95% CI, 5.0-10.0]; mean SCI score, 74.3 [95% CI, 67.7-81.6]). Questions that demonstrated the worst scores at baseline were worry about skin condition (Skindex-16) and worry about future skin cancers (SCI). The emotions subscale scores on the Skindex-16 questionnaire showed the greatest improvement from baseline to 1-year follow-up levels (26.6 vs 15.3; P < .001) and so did the appearance subscale scores on the SCI questionnaire (64.0 vs 84.6; P < .001). The score difference in HRQoL by sex diminished over time, whereas the score difference by age persisted through the first year. Conclusions and Relevance Improvement in HRQoL at the 6-month and 1-year follow-up was associated with surgical excision in patients with early-stage head and neck melanoma, and younger and female patients experienced worse HRQoL. These results may be used in tailoring counseling for this patient population.
Tumor necrosis factor stimulates Na+/H+ antiporter in human fibroblasts: dissociation between intracellular alkalinization and cytokine mRNA accumulation

Several hormones and cytokines stimulate the cellular Na+/H+ antiporter and this stimulation may be a signal transduction mechanism to mediate gene expression. We find that tumor necrosis factor rapidly stimulates both the Na+/H+ antiporter and the accumulation of mRNA coding for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 in fibroblasts. Further experiments show that these phenomena occur independent of each other.
Fundamentals in Shoulder Radiology

Radiological imaging of the shoulder can assist in the diagnosis of a wide variety of conditions including normal anatomical variants, fractures, dislocations, and rotator cuff tears. The complex anatomy of the shoulder joint, which is the most active joint in the body, can make radiological investigation difficult. The choice of imaging modality depends on the nature of the suspected pathology and should be guided by clinical history and physical examination. Plain radiography is frequently the initial imaging modality of choice, with more advanced imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging employed when necessary. This chapter aims to review the imaging modalities used to assess common shoulder pathologies.
Estimating the in vivo location of the talus from external surface landmarks.

OBJECTIVES Finite element analysis has gained popularity in anthropological research to connect morphological form to measurable function but requires that loads are applied at appropriate anatomical locations. This is challenging for the ankle because the joint surfaces are not easily determined given their deep anatomical location. While the location of the talonavicular and subtalar joints can be directly determined via medical imaging, regression equations are a common, less invasive method to estimate joint locations from surface anatomy. We propose a regression-based method to locate the in vivo positions of the talonavicular and subtalar joints employing three-dimensional (3D) surface markers, such as those used routinely in gait studies. METHODS Navicular height was measured on weight-bearing radiographs (WBR) and simulated weight-bearing computed tomography (SWCT) scans to ensure SWCT correctly simulated foot weight-bearing configuration. The location of external foot markers and internal locations of the talonavicular and posterior subtalar joint were measured on each SWCT. Stepwise regression analysis was used to select the external markers that best predicted the three internal locations. RESULTS Navicular heights measured on WBR and SWCT scans were not statistically different (p = .44), indicating that SWCTs recreate the weight-bearing position of the foot. The navicular tubercle and medial and lateral malleoli were the best predictors of subtalar and talonavicular joint locations. These palpable anatomical locations explained more variation in internal joint location (r2 > .79; SEE < 3.0 mm) than other landmarks. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that external palpable landmarks can predict the location of the talonavicular and subtalar joints.
Can Alexa be your Therapist?: How Back-Channeling Transforms Smart-Speakers to be Active Listeners

Smart-speakers such as Amazon Alexa are becoming increasingly popular among the general population. These devices support a wide range of user-initiated tasks. However, their current interaction capabilities are limited to quick turn-takings and short dialogues, which leads to limited user engagement. In this project, we aim to enhance the user engagement and interaction abilities of a smart-speaker by transforming it into an active listener. Specifically, we explored how providing random back-channelling (i.e., verbal continuers including "hm", "uhum", "aha", "yeah") can result in longer interactions and more sustained user engagement. The findings of the study have implications for usability and future design of smart-speakers. We also explored how the enhanced interactions in smart-speakers through back-channeling can be used for self-centered therapy leading to betTer emotional and social support.
Integrating Episodic Future Thinking into Virtual Reality to Mitigate Substance Use Disorders: A Theoretical Framework:

Substance use disorders present major health risks and economic burdens, while current healthcare systems face insufficient resources and accessibility deficiencies that challenge long term treatme...
Supremes and 'Chicks': Is the High Court 'Dissin' the Ladies?

After 19 years of working as virtually the only female manager in her Goodyear workplace, Lilly Ledbetter received an anonymous note telling her that she was being paid far less than similarly situated males. Since the employer had a policy forbidding discussions of salary, Ledbetter had no way of knowing of the discrepancy. As it turns out, she had been underpaid for almost the entire time she was at Goodyear, beginning when she refused advances from her supervisor years before. When Ledbetter filed her gender-based pay discrimination claim, she was met with a statute of limitations problem. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 requires that actions be filed within 180 days of the discriminatory event. While Ledbetter filed within 180 days of discovering the discrimination, nearly 20 years had passed since the precipitating event. The U.S. Supreme Court rejected the "paycheck" rule proposed by Ledbetter re-starting the clock each time a paycheck is issued based on discrimination and instead held that the statute of limitations began 180 days after the initial discriminatory event, thus, Ledbetter had no cause of action. The decision was such an affront to the lone female Supreme Court justice, that she took the unusual step of reading her dissent from the bench. This paper explores the Ledbetter case and makes recommendations for addressing the issue.
Molecular dynamics simulation study of a polymer droplet transport over an array of spherical nanoparticles

Abstract The dynamic behavior of a partially wetting polymer droplet driven over a nanostructured interface is studied using molecular dynamics simulations. We consider the bead-spring model to represent a polymeric liquid that partially wets a rough surface composed of a periodic array of spherical particles. It is shown that at sufficiently small values of the external force, the droplet remains pinned at the particles’ surface, while above the threshold, its motion consists of alternating periods of pinning and rapid displacements between neighboring particles. The latter process involves large periodic variation of the advancing and receding contact angles due to attachment and detachment of the contact line. Finally, upon increasing external force, the droplet center of mass is displaced steadily but the oscillation amplitude of the receding contact angle as well as the maximum contact angle hysteresis remain relatively unaffected.
The National Cancer Institute Cancer Moonshot Public Access and Data Sharing Policy—Initial assessment and implications

Since 2013, federal research-funding agencies have been required to develop and implement broad data sharing policies. Yet agencies today continue to grapple with the mechanisms necessary to enable the sharing of a wide range of data types, from genomic and other -omics data to clinical and pharmacological data to survey and qualitative data. In 2016, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) launched the ambitious $1.8 billion Cancer Moonshot Program, which included a new Public Access and Data Sharing (PADS) Policy applicable to funding applications submitted on or after October 1, 2017. The PADS Policy encourages the immediate public release of published research results and data and requires all Cancer Moonshot grant applicants to submit a PADS plan describing how they will meet these goals. We reviewed the PADS plans submitted with approximately half of all funded Cancer Moonshot grant applications in fiscal year 2018, and found that a majority did not address one or more elements required by the PADS Policy. Many such plans made no reference to the PADS Policy at all, and several referenced obsolete or outdated National Institutes of Health (NIH) policies instead. We believe that these omissions arose from a combination of insufficient education and outreach by NCI concerning its PADS Policy, both to potential grant applicants and among NCI’s program staff and external grant reviewers. We recommend that other research funding agencies heed these findings as they develop and roll out new data sharing policies.
Stereochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes Controlled by the Metallo-Anomeric Effect.

The use of stereoelectronic interactions to control reactivity and selectivity has a long history in chemistry. The anomeric effect, one of the fundamental concepts in organic chemistry, describes ...
Is There an Association between Executive Function and Receptive Vocabulary in Bilingual Children? A Longitudinal Examination.

Dual language management has been proposed as the reason for bilingual children’s sometimes enhanced executive functioning (EF). We sought to identify the directionality of the relation between language proficiency and EF, using measures of receptive vocabulary, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. Data were collected twice, a year apart, on 35- to 66.8-month-old bilingual (n = 41, M = 49.19 months) and monolingual preschool children (n = 37, M = 47.82 months). The longitudinal results revealed that while the monolingual children’s vocabulary at Time 1 predicted EF at Time 2, EF at Time 1 did not predict vocabulary at Time 2. In contrast, for bilingual children the relation was not present at all. The results were similar after the one-time analyses. The absence of relations between EF and language in bilinguals, while present in monolinguals, challenges the current conceptualization of the EF advantage in bilinguals, and emphasizes the need for more research on the development of bilingual children.
Work and Sing: A History of Occupational and Labor Union Songs in the United States

Review of: "Work and Sing: A History of Occupational and Labor Union Songs in the United States," by Ronald D. Cohen.
The effect of coating thickness on the tribological properties of polydopamine/PTFE + graphite particle coatings on 60NiTi

Abstract Polydopamine (PDA)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) + 0.25 wt% graphite particle (GrP) coatings of three different thicknesses were deposited on roughened 60NiTi substrates. Their tribological properties were evaluated by coating durability, wear progression, and scratch tests. It was found that the thicker coatings have longer wear life, but the wear life was not proportional to the coating thickness. The coating thickness affected the transfer film and contact pressure and thus the coating durability. The coating wore rapidly to the coating-substrate interface and then wore at a very low wear rate. The thicker coatings had lower critical loads at which gross coating failure occurred.
Classical modular forms

In this chapter, we introduce modular forms on the classical modular group. This chapter will provide motivation as well as important examples for generalizations in this last part of the text.
Identification and Characterization of Two Structurally Related Dipeptides that Enhance Catalytic Efficiency of Neurolysin.

Neurolysin (Nln) is a recently recognized endogenous mechanism functioning to preserve the brain from ischemic injury. To further understand the pathophysiological function of this peptidase in stroke and other neurological disorders, the present study was designed to identify small molecule activators of Nln. Using a computational approach, the structure of Nln was explored, followed by docking and in silico screening of ~140,000 molecules from the National Cancer Institute Developmental Therapeutics Program database. Top ranking compounds were evaluated in a Nln enzymatic assay, and two hit histidine-dipeptides were further studied in detail. The identified dipeptides enhanced the rate of synthetic substrate hydrolysis by recombinant (human and rat) and mouse brain-purified Nln in a concentration-dependent manner (micromolar A50 and Amax {greater than or equal to} 300%), but had negligible effect on activity of closely related peptidases. Both dipeptides also enhanced hydrolysis of Nln endogenous substrates neurotensin, angiotensin I and bradykinin, and increased efficiency of the synthetic substrate hydrolysis (Vmax/Km ratio) in a concentration-dependent manner. The dipeptides and competitive inhibitor dynorphin A(1-13) did not affect each other9s affinity for Nln, suggesting differing nature of their respective binding sites. Lastly, drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and differential scanning fluorimetry (DSF) assays confirmed concentration-dependent interaction of Nln with the activator molecule. This is the first study demonstrating that Nln activity can be enhanced by small molecules, although the peptidic nature and low potency of the activators limit their application. The identified dipeptides provide a chemical scaffold to develop high-potency, drug-like molecules as research tools and potential drug leads. Significance Statement This study describes discovery of two molecules that selectively enhance activity of peptidase neurolysin (Nln) – a newly recognized cerebroprotective mechanism in the post-stroke brain. The identified molecules will serve as a chemical scaffold for development of drug-like molecules to further study Nln, and may become lead structures for a new class of drugs. In addition, our conceptual and methodological framework and research findings might be used for other peptidases and enzymes, activation of which bears therapeutic potential.
A new design criterion when heteroscedasticity is ignored

This paper examines the construction of optimal designs when one assumes a homoscedastic linear model, but the underlying model is heteroscedastic. A criterion that takes this type of misspecification into account is formulated and an equivalence theorem is given. We also provide explicit optimal designs for single-factor and multi-factor experiments under various heteroscedastic assumptions and discuss the relationship between the D-optimal design sought here and the conventional D-optimal design.
Summary of U.S. Compact Torus Experiments

During the past several years a rapid increase has occurred in compact torus (CT) research in the United States, reflecting renewed interest in the simplified reactor consequences of this configuration. This paper reviews early approaches to CT formation and results and summarizes present experimental studies. Recent experiments have demonstrated a number of macroscopic aspects of the CT, including the conditions under which a macroscopically stable CT can be formed and maintained. Scaling experiments and more detailed studies of plasma transport in progress are discussed along with experiments under construction.
Treatment of acute asthma: Is combination therapy with sympathomimetics and methylxanthines indicated?

The role of bronchodilator regimens combining a sympathomimetic and a methylxanthine in the treatment of acute exacerbations of asthma remains controversial. This report describes the outcome of 157 emergency room visits for asthma in which patients were randomly assigned to single-drug therapy with intravenous aminophylline, subcutaneous epinephrine, or inhaled isoproterenol or to one of three regimens combining a sympathomimetic and a methylxanthine. The increase in one-second forced expiratory volume after one hour of treatment with the two-drug combinations (0.79 +/- 0.07 liter) was significantly greater than for epinephrine alone (0.57 +/- 0.08 liter; p less than 0.05) but did not differ significantly from that occurring with therapy with isoproterenol alone (0.72 +/- 0.09 liter; p = NS). This disparity reflects the greater bronchodilation effected by isoproterenol as a single agent than by epinephrine, in the dosing schedules and routes of administration chosen. Among patients presenting with severe airflow obstruction (one-second forced expiratory volume 35 percent or less of normal), the bronchodilator response to isoproterenol alone was 0.88 +/- 0.14 liter versus 0.51 +/- 0.11 for epinephrine alone (p less than 0.05). It is concluded that the observed benefit derived from use of combination therapy depends on the dosage and potency of the particular sympathomimetic to which a methylxanthine is added, and on the severity of the airflow obstruction at presentation.
Molecular cloning of human prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase type II and demonstration of expression in response to cytokines

Prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PHS) catalyzes the committed step in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins and thromboxane. We recently observed dissociation of PHS activity and enzyme mass measured in an immunoassay of endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor. These data and observations by others suggested that endothelial cells express an alternate PHS. We now report the molecular cloning of human PHS type II from an endothelial cell cDNA library. The protein encoded by this cDNA shares 61% identity with the human PHS I. Southern analysis demonstrated a single copy of PHS II and we found a polymorphism in approximately 5% of the population. PHS II mapped to chromosome 1, in contrast to PHS I, which is on chromosome 9. The PHS II cDNA hybridized strongly to a 4.3-kilobase (kb) message from endothelial cells. Stimulation of the cells with tumor necrosis factor, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, lipopolysaccharide, or interleukin-1 increased mRNA levels for PHS II, and this change correlated well with increased prostacyclin biosynthesis. Cycloheximide induced PHS II mRNA without a corresponding activity increase demonstrating that translation of the 4.3-kb message is required for increased prostacyclin biosynthesis. We conclude that expression of PHS II may have important pathophysiological effects in the vasculature.
Chemistry of copper(I) β-diketonate complexes

Abstract A series of copper(I) compounds of the general formula (fod)CuL, where fod = 2,2-dimethyl-6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptafluoro-3,5-octanedione, and L  PMe 3 , PEt 3 , 1,5-cyclooctadiene (1,5-COD), vinyltrimethylsilane (VTMS), 2-butyne, bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene (BTMSA), have been prepared by the reaction of Na[fod] with CuCl in the presence of the appropriate amount of the Lewis base, L. All the compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1 H, 13 C, 19 F, 31 P and IR spectroscopies. The spectroscopic data are consistent with the chelation of the β- diketonate ligand through its oxygen atoms to the copper(I) center. The analytical data are consistent with the empirical formula (fod)CuL. One compound, (fod)CuPMe 3 , was characterized in the solid-state by single-crystal X-ray diffraction which confirmed the empirical formula and revealed the monomeric nature of this species in the solid state. The distorted trigonal planar coordination environment observed for this species is common to these species. The CuO distances are significantly different within the limits of error on the data possibly as a result of inductive effects of the different β-diketonate substituents. Crystal data: Triclinic space group P 1, a = 10.052(2) A, b = 11.871 (2) A, c = 16287(3) A, α = 109.84(1)°, β = 92.18(2)°, γ = 90.34(2)°, V = 1826.5(6) A 3 , Z = 4, R F , = 7.09% and R wF = 7.28%. Hot- and cold-wall chemical vapor deposition experiments revealed that these species are generally not suitable as precursors for the deposition of copper due to their low thermal stability. While pure copper films could be deposited, as determined by Auger electron spectroscopy, from the compounds (fod)CuL, where L = PMe 3 , 2-butyne and BTMSA, heating the precursors to increase their vapor pressures resulted in significant thermal decomposition in the source reservoir. As a result, deposition rates of only 100 A/min were achieved. No selectivity was observed on W versus SiO 2 substrates under the conditions employed. The other compounds, (fod)CuL, where L = 1,5-COD, VTMS, were too thermally unstable for CVD experiments.
Market-based task allocation for dynamic processing environments

Flexible and large-scale information processing across enterprises entails dynamic and decentralized control of workflow through adaptive allocation of knowledge and processing resources. Markets comprise a well-understood class of mechanisms for decentralized resource allocation, where agents interacting through a price system direct resources toward their most valued uses as indicated by these prices. The information-processing domain presents several challenges for market-based approaches, including (1) representing knowledge-intensive tasks and capabilities, (2) propagating price signals across multiple levels of information processing, (3) handling dynamic task arrival and changing priorities, and (4) accommodating the increasing-returns and public-good characteristics of information products. A market gaming environment provides a methodology for testing alternative market structures and agent strategies, and evaluating proposed solutions in a realistic decentralized manner.
Watershed monitoring to address contamination source issues and remediation of the contaminant impairments

The Big Blue River Basin is located in southeastern Nebraska and northeastern Kansas and consists of surface water in the Big Blue River, Little Blue River, Black Vermillion River, and various tributaries draining 24,968 km 2 . Approximately 75% of the land area in the basin are cultivated cropland. The Big Blue River flows into Tuttle Creek Reservoir near Manhattan, Kansas. Releases from the lake are used to maintain streamflow in the Kansas River during low flow periods, contributing 27% of the mean flow rate of the Kansas River at its confluence with the Missouri River. Tuttle Creek Reservoir and the Kansas River are used as sources of public drinking water and meet many of the municipal drinking water supply needs of the urban population in Kansas from Junction City to Kansas City. Elevated concentrations of pesticides in the Big Blue River Basin are of growing concern in Kansas and Nebraska as concentrations may be exceeding public drinking water standards and water quality criteria for the protection of aquatic life. Pesticides cause significant problems for municipal water treatment plants in Kansas, as they are not appreciably removed during conventional water treatment processes unless activated carbon filtering is used. Pesticides have been detected during all months of the year with concentrations ranging up to 200 μg/l. If high concentration in water is associated with high flow conditions then large mass losses of pesticides can flow into the water supplies in this basin. This paper will investigate the use of a monitoring program to assess the non-point source of this atrazine contamination. Several practices will be examined that have shown ability to remediate or prevent these impairments.
Hacia un esquema previo para el estudio del superdotado

Se intenta una sencilla introduccion a la tematica del nino-adolescente superdotado desde dos perspectivas. En la primera se indica un posible marco de estudio desde la historia del problema, desde su definicion, las distinciones sobre superdotado, nino con talento y nino creativo. En la segunda se indican algunos metodos de identificacion, el papel de la orientacion y el consejo, y se concluye con algunos consejos practicos. A modo de apencice se indican algunas tecnicas en relacion a la creatividad.
Enhancing Computer-Mediated Teaching through Interactivity: The Second Iteration of a World Wide Web-Based Graduate Social Work Course:

ObjectiveThis study evaluated the effects of increasing opportunities for interactivity on student attitudes and behavior over two iterations of an Internet-based graduate social work research meth...
Universal Mobility-Field Curves for Electrons and Holes in MOS Inversion Layers

The mobility of carriers in a silicon surface inversion layer is one of the most important parameters required to accurately model and predict MOSFET device and circuit performance. It has been found that electron mobility follows a universal curve when plotted as a function of an effective normal field regardless of substrate bias, substrate doping (≤ 1017 cm−3) and nominal process variations [1]. Although accurate modeling of p-channel MOS devices has become important due to the prevalence of CMOS technology, the existence of a universal hole mobility-field relationship has not been demonstrated. Furthermore, the effect on mobility of low-temperature and rapid high-temperature processing, which are commonly used in modern VLSI technology to control impurity diffusion, is unknown.
A Study of the Effect of Age, Gender, & GPA on the Ethical Behavior of Accounting Students

Continuing failures in the accounting profession have demonstrated a paucity of ethics at all levels. This has renewed discussions among accounting educators regarding their role in preparing accounting students to face ethical dilemmas in the accounting profession. This study first measured accounting students’ stated behavior by recording their responses to different scenarios on a Business Ethics Quiz. In a follow up experiment, these students’ grades are temporarily changed and an opportunity given to them to report the grading error. The purpose of this study is to observe whether their actual conduct (Actual Behavior) is consistent with their Stated Behavior. The results of this research indicate that, when faced with an ethical dilemma, although accounting students may state they will make ethical choices, their “Stated Behavior” had no correlation to their “Actual Behavior.” Additional findings indicate that accounting students’ ethical choices are also not influenced by their age, gender, or GPA.
Job Satisfaction and Career Commitment Among Nursing Assistants Providing Alzheimer's Care:

As part of a statewide dementia-specific training collaborative, data were collected from nursing assistants and aides who provide paid Alzheimer's care. This study explored the relevance of previous education and practical experiences to specific constructs associated with worker recruitment and retention. Direct-care providers with prior training in gerontology and geriatrics had lower levels of extrinsic job satisfaction and career resilience than those without this kind of continuing education. Program participants who were currently or previously the primary caregiver for a friend or relative with Alzheimer's disease had higher levels of intrinsic job satisfaction but lower levels of career resilience than those with no informal caregiving experience. Current or previous informal caregiving experience may enhance intrinsic job satisfaction by increasing personal commitment to pursue formal care work and providing a kind of inoculation against the demoralization that is too often suffered in these ver...
Three-dimensional solution structure of apo-neocarzinostatin.

Abstract Two and three-dimensional solution nuclear magnetic resonance studies of the 11K apoprotein from natural antitumor agent neocarzinostatin (NCS) were extended to elucidation of the high-resolution structure by the use of restrained molecular dynamics computations. The refined structures attained convergency upon three steps of iterative calculations, in which more distance restraints were extracted from experimental data, and the existing distance bounds were optimized on the basis of computed structures. The solution structures of apo-NCS contain seven antiparallel β-strands, which form two closely located β-sheets and a short β-segment. This protein lacks any α-helical component. The alignment of the seven β-strands gives rise to a β-barrel with an elongated diameter in one direction. The global structure of apo-NCS resembles that of the Ig-fold domain found in immunoglobulins and other structurally related β-proteins. Residues responsible for side-chain packing and the possible salt-bridge formation important for protein folding were identified. Neocarzinostatin and the analogous proteins are known to exert their biological activity through the interaction of DNA with a chromophoric molecule, which is non-covalently bound to the apo-proteins. This molecular chromophore-binding site in apo-NCS is made of a cavity consisting of residues from the four-β-stranded sheet and the short β-segment. Although the solution structures of apo-NCS are similar to that of the analogous apo-auromomycin in the crystalline state, difference in the shape of the binding cavities between the two was found. This study provides a structural basis for characterization of the specific recognition and molecular mechanism of the antitumor NCS chromophore binding to its host protein.
Heavy-quark symmetry and Dirac's point form dynamics.

Dirac's point form dynamics provides a natural framework for studying the additional symmetries associated with hadrons containing a single heavy quark. The heavy-quark limit both as an approximation and as a rigorous limit can be examined within concrete models. Special attention is given to the Bakamjian-Thomas construction, and an illustrative model calculation is presented.
Crystal structure of 2,4-dinitroimidazole (24DNI)

A single-crystal X-ray diffraction study verified that the target oxidizer molecule 2,4-dinitroimidazole (24DNI) had been synthesized by thermal rearrangement of 1,4-dinitroimidazole. 24DNI crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca with unit-cell dimensionsa=10.127(2),b=18.497(2),c=6.333(2) A, andZ=8 and has a density of 1.770 g/cm3. The molecular packing consists of hydrogen-bonded chains of 24DNI molecules [N(1)−H(1)...N(3)] in thea direction which are held together in the lateral direction by molecular forces. Some structural features of 24DNI·are compared with those of 1,4-dinitroimidazole.
Diagnostic criteria for Walker-Warburg syndrome.

Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is an autosomal recessive disorder manifest by characteristic brain and eye malformations. We reviewed data on 21 of our patients and an additional 42 patients from the literature. From this review, we expand the phenotype to include congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD) and cleft lip and/or palate (CLP), and revise the diagnostic criteria. Four abnormalities were present in all patients checked for these anomalies: type II lissencephaly (21/21), cerebellar malformation (20/20), retinal malformation (18/18), and CMD (14/14). We propose that these comprise necessary and sufficient diagnostic criteria for WWS. Two other frequently observed abnormalities, ventricular dilatation with or without hydrocephalus (20/21) and anterior chamber malformation (16/21), are helpful but not necessary diagnostic criteria because they were not constant. All other abnormalities occurred less frequently. Congenital macrocephaly with hydrocephalus (11/19) was more common than congenital microcephaly (3/19). Dandy-Walker malformation (10/19) was sometimes associated with posterior cephalocele (5/21). Additional abnormalities included slit-like ventricles (1/21), microphthalmia (8/21), ocular colobomas (3/15), congenital cataracts (7/20), genital anomalies in males (5/8), and CLP (4/21). Median survival in our series was 9 months. A related autosomal recessive disorder, Fukuyama congenital muscular dystrophy, consists of similar but less severe brain changes and CMD. It differs from WWS because of consistently less frequent and severe cerebellar and retinal abnormalities. We think that WWS is identical to "cerebro-oculo-muscular syndrome" and "muscle, eye, and brain disease."
A conserved nucleotide sequence at the sites of developmentally regulated chromosomal breakage in tetrahymena

Chromosomal breakage occurs at hundreds of specific sites in Tetrahymena, including the two ends of the unique ribosomal RNA genes, during the development of the somatic macronucleus. We have identified a 15-nucleotide sequence that occurs widely in the germinal micronuclear genome and is associated exclusively with chromosomal breakage sites. When copies of this sequence were cloned and analyzed, they were found in all cases to be located at or very near sites of breakage. This general rule is further supported by the observation that in a different site in which a single nucleotide substitution is found within this sequence, no chromosomal breakage occurs. The complete sequence structure of one of the breakage junctions has also been determined in both the germinal DNA and the two somatic DNA termini. This structure reveals that the 15-nucleotide conserved sequence is located within a 54-nucleotide region that is removed following chromosomal breakage.
New insight into metalloporphyrin excited state structures and axial ligand binding from X-ray transient absorption spectroscopic studies

Abstract Metalloporphyrin axial ligation is an important process in catalysis and the enzymatic chemistry of proteins and is metal center dependent. Direct structural dynamics measurements on different metalloporphyrins using X-ray transient absorption spectroscopy (XTA) have brought new insight into this extensively studied process. This review uses two representative open shell metalloporphyrins, nickel tetramesitylporphyrin (NiTMP) and iron protoporphyrin (FePP), to demonstrate the capability of XTA in resolving both electronic and nuclear structures of these porphyrins in axial ligation processes. A surprisingly broad 3d orbital energy level distribution has been related to differences in the conformational distribution of NiTMP in the ground and excited state, which suggests a unified mechanism for axial ligation in open shell metalloporphyrins driven by transient vacancies in the 3 d z 2 orbital, which is aligned with the axial ligation coordinate. XTA studies also show that dynamic and structural differences in the CO dissociation process are influenced by the metal site environments, demonstrated by the comparison of FePP in solution and heme in myoglobin. These results imply a porphyrin conformational control of ligation and therefore insight into metalloporphyrin catalyst design involving control the axial ligation/deligation processes as well as deduction of enzymatic regulation of ligand binding.
Harassed Bodies: An Examination of the Relationships Among Women's Experiences of Sexual Harassment, Body Image, and Eating Disturbances

The present study examined the relationships among sexual harassment and body image and eating disturbances using a sample of 195 undergraduate women. Sexual harassment was associated with a variety of eating disorder symptoms, even when controlling for experiences of sexual abuse/assault and physical abuse. Whereas sexual abuse/assault and physical abuse appear to be nonspecific risk factors for such symptoms, sexual harassment was more closely associated with eating disorder symptomatology than other types of psychological distress. The results of structural equation modeling better supported a model in which body image and eating disturbances were outcomes rather than antecedents of sexual harassment. Finally, several analyses indicated that disordered eating may function as a way to cope with the negative emotions associated with sexual harassment.
Fast-wavelet compass edge detector

As an approach to the wavelet detection of local scale and orientation in 2D images we make use of a well known, computationally efficient triangulation of the image domain and some of its lesser-known properties. We choose wavelets supported by cartesian and quincunx lattice squares, antisymmetric about the diagonal. Computational algorithms are based on properties of the triangulations such as the following: the cells of the triangulation form the leaves of a binary tree and the nodes of a directed graph consisting of a simple cycle; the cells are also identified with blocks of interlaced quadtrees consisting of cartesian and quincunx lattice points which also form the vertices of the cells. Pyramid algorithms based on hierarchical triangular scanning of the pixels and half-wavelet-supporting triangles provide efficient encoding and decoding based on local triangle data and stacks. As examples we introduce a Haar wavelet which detects diagonals of squares and we construct a triangular version of the TS wavelet transform which has been recently proposed as an efficient approach to lossless and lossy image compression. We render an edge-enhanced image by reconstruction from significant coefficients of edge- detecting wavelets.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Narrow lobe emission of high power broad stripe laser in external resonator cavity

Near-diffraction limited single lobe emission of an AlGaAs broad stripe laser diode is achieved up to 2.8 times threshold bias (650 mW free running output power) by placing the laser in a external resonator cavity with an angle selective reflection.
Constitutive Activation of STAT3 Signaling Regulates hTERT and Promotes Stem Cell-Like Traits in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Mounting clinical data suggest that high telomerase activity is tightly associated with cancer progression and poor outcomes. Constitutively activated STAT3 is found in ∼60% of human malignancies and shows a dismal prognosis. We previously reported that activated STAT3 promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cell phenotype in human breast cancer. However, little is known how STAT3 is regulated in the cancer stem cell and by which mechanisms STAT3 contributes to poor prognosis in aggressive breast cancer. Here we demonstrate that STAT3 physically interacts with CD44 and NF-kB and activates the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) in human breast cancer stem cells. STAT3 plays a role as a signal transducing molecule between CD44 and NF-kB. In addition to functioning as a catalytic subunit of telomerase, hTERT has been reported to function as a transcription co-factor which drives EMT and cancer stem cell phenotype in human cancer. We observed that activated hTERT increases CD44 (+) subpopulation, whereas targeted knock-down of hTERT abolished cancer stem cell phenotype. Targeted STAT3 knock-down cells also down-regulated hTERT and decreased CD44 subpopulation. Finally, CD44 knock-down resulted in the abrogation of cancer stem cell phenotype and concurrent down-regulation of pSTAT3 and hTERT. Our study delineates the signaling pathway where STAT3 functions as a modulator for CD44 and hTERT, promoting a cancer stem cell phenotype. The constitutive activation of STAT3 signaling that leads to regulation of hTERT pathway may provide novel therapeutic targets for human breast cancer stem cells.
Foucault, Politics, and Violence

Oksala’s book is the latest in a series of attempts to examine Foucault’s work during the late 1970s. We can delineate two clear trends in recent Foucault scholarship on this period: the first trend provides analyses and evaluations of this period while asecond trend attempts to apply Foucault’s analyses of these key concepts to contemporary society. Oksala’s book attempts to do both, although if forced to choose one would have to place it more firmly in the first camp than the second. Accordingly, the first section of this review essay situates Oksala’s book within this recent context. I discuss her analysis and reconstruction of Foucault’s late 1970s work before turning in the final section to the various ways that she applies this analysis to current legal and political debates.
Factors affecting exotic annual plant cover and richness along roadsides in the eastern Mojave Desert, USA

Roads are often considered a critical point of entry for invasive exotic plant species. We evaluated the cover and richness of exotic plants relative to road type (gravel or paved) and distance from roads in the eastern Mojave Desert where exotic annual species are increasing the flammability of the desert. Exotic and native annual plant cover and richness were sampled from five to 45 m from roads in three prevalent microsite types for this system: Larrea tridentata microsites, Ambrosia dumosa microsites, and interspaces between shrubs. Six exotic and 58 native annual species were detected during sampling. There was no distinction between the behavior of exotics and natives relative to road type or distance from the roads. A. dumosa and L. tridentata microsites had more exotic cover than interspaces. Likewise, exotic richness was significantly higher in the shrub microsites. A taxonomically controlled analysis involving three plant families revealed no significant differences in cover of native or exotic species relative to their distance from the road. Our results suggest that exotic plant species in the Mojave Desert are not necessarily more prevalent near roadsides than in adjacent undisturbed desert. Therefore, roadside surveys alone may not be adequate to detect exotic species presence.