cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A technique for the quantitative measure of data cleanliness

With the amount of data that is collected, viewed, processed, and stored today, techniques for the analysis of the accuracy of data are extremely important. Since we cannot improve what we cannot measure, the need for a tangible quantitative measure of data quality is a necessity. This paper focuses on a data-cleanliness algorithm, which makes use of the dasiaLevenshtein distancepsila, to measure the data quality for a criminal records database. Actual law enforcement name records were used for this research. The results help us arrive at the extent of dirtiness in the data, and also highlight the different types of dirty data. We then go on to show how measuring the data quality not only helps in setting up guidelines for the data clean-up process, but also can be used as a metric for cross-comparing like databases.
Imaging characteristics of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone

We present the first report of a patient with angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma of bone in the radiology literature. This tumor initially eluded diagnosis due to its similarities with chronic hematoma and aneurysmal bone cyst. Only two cases of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma have been reported in the radiology literature and both of these lesions were in the soft tissues. The fairly distinctive findings in our patient of multiple large cystic chambers with fluid-fluid levels are similar to the findings in the two soft tissue case reports, suggesting that imaging may be used to suggest this specific diagnosis regardless of location, especially in the clinical setting of unexplained hematoma or anemia. Mention of this diagnosis in the radiology report may aid in the final diagnosis at pathology, because special techniques, including fluorescent in situ hybridization, must be applied in order to fully evaluate for the diagnosis.
Adaptive thermogenesis: Turning on the heat

Brown adipocytes play important roles in the regulation of fat storage and body temperature, by virtue of their ability to uncouple mitochondrial fuel oxidation and ATP synthesis. The discovery of a tissue-specific transcriptional coactivator provides new insights into the regulation of thermogenesis by brown adipocytes.
Computer-Assisted Sounding Selection for the Shipboard Data System III

Shipboard Data System III (SDS III) is being developed to replace the existing hydrographic data acquisition and processing systems. An automated selection of significant depths was developed to replace the present manual procedure in order to reduce the processing time. The accuracy of this selection process has been tested and evaluated with respect to the present manual technique.
Closing the achievement gap through modification of neurocognitive and neuroendocrine function: results from a cluster randomized controlled trial of an innovative approach to the education of children in kindergarten.

Effective early education is essential for academic achievement and positive life outcomes, particularly for children in poverty. Advances in neuroscience suggest that a focus on self-regulation in education can enhance children’s engagement in learning and establish beneficial academic trajectories in the early elementary grades. Here, we experimentally evaluate an innovative approach to the education of children in kindergarten that embeds support for self-regulation, particularly executive functions, into literacy, mathematics, and science learning activities. Results from a cluster randomized controlled trial involving 29 schools, 79 classrooms, and 759 children indicated positive effects on executive functions, reasoning ability, the control of attention, and levels of salivary cortisol and alpha amylase. Results also demonstrated improvements in reading, vocabulary, and mathematics at the end of kindergarten that increased into the first grade. A number of effects were specific to high-poverty schools, suggesting that a focus on executive functions and associated aspects of self-regulation in early elementary education holds promise for closing the achievement gap.
Analog error-correcting codes based on chaotic dynamical systems

The properties of chaotic dynamical systems make them useful for channel coding in a variety of practical communication applications. To illustrate this, a novel analog code based on tent map dynamics and having a fast decoding algorithm is developed for use on unknown, multiple, and time-varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) channels. This code is shown to be an attractive alternative to both digital codes and linear modulation in such scenarios. Several properties and interpretations of the codes are developed, along with some methods for their optimization.
George Forsythe and the development of computer science

The sudden death of George Forsythe this spring was a serious loss to everyone associated with computing. When we recall the many things he contributed to the field during his lifetime, we consider ourselves fortunate that computer science has had such an able leader. My purpose in this article is to review George Forsythe's contributions to the establishment of Computer Science as a recognized discipline. It is generally agreed that he, more than any other man, is responsible for the rapid development of computer science in the world's colleges and universities. His foresight, combined with his untiring efforts to spread the gospel of computing, have had a significant and lasting impact; one might almost regard him as the Martin Luther of the Computer Reformation! Since George's publications express these ideas so well, I believe the best way to summarize his work is to repeat many of the things he said, in his own words. This article consists mainly of the quotations that particularly struck me as I reread his papers recently. Indeed, much of what follows belongs in a computer-science supplement to Bartlett's Familiar Quotations.
Before Depression: The Medieval Vice of Acedia

Given renewed interest in the role of human action in the development of depression, I re-examine a tradition in the West which interpreted phenomena akin to the symptoms and signs of modern depression as "a spiritual disease." In medieval Europe, acedia was a vice, an undesirable trait of character acquired in the course of living a life. Persons suffering from the vice of acedia were implicated as agents in its development and to some extent responsible for overcoming it. In Part I of this paper, I note the contemporary interest of psychiatrists and others in this vice, consider the warrants for asserting that it is akin to some forms of depression, and recount, in brief, the history of this vice from the fourth to the fifteenth centuries. In Part II, I discuss how medieval scholars, confessors, and spiritual guides understood the question of responsibility for acedia and how they distinguished between this vice and melancholia. I argue that acedia was a vice that could be distinguished from melancholia and that, while akin to clinical depression, this vice should not be identified with depression. This investigation of and commentary on acedia is intended as a contribution to the contemporary discussion of the role of human agency in the development of depression and in its treatment.
A self-learning adaptive critic approach for call admission control in wireless cellular networks

We apply in the present paper adaptive critic designs to the call admission control problem in CDMA cellular network. A novel learning control architecture of adaptive critic designs is used in our study. The call admission controller performs learning in real-time as well as in off-line environments and the controller improves its performance through continuous learning.
Aging and degradation of polyolefins. I. Peroxide‐initiated oxidations of atactic polypropylene

Oxidations of bulk atactic polypropylene (PP) have been carried out at 22 and 45°C, and the dependence of rate of formation of each product on rate of initiation has been determined. The principal product is PP hydroperoxide, formed in a half-order reaction. One termination product is polymeric dialkyl peroxide, formed in a first-order reaction. Other termination and propagation products, alcohols and carbonyl compounds, are formed in reactions that are mostly first-order in initiation. At 22°C, G is 9–63. G is about three times as great at 45°C as at 22°C. Experiments with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol shows that it can inhibit all non-cage propagation and all formation of PP hydroperoxide, but that it does not affect cage reactions of initiating radicals and their successors. Only about 16% of the initiating PPO2· radicals escape the cage at 45°C. Oxidations of PP, n-hexane, and their mixture with both peroxide and γ-ray initiation show that nearly all the initiating radicals escape the cage in solution but that the concentration of PPO2· radicals is much less than in bulk because of a much faster chain termination. Both the propagation and termination constants for PP oxidation are much faster in solution, but the changes compensate so that kp/(2kt)½ is about the same in solution as in bulk.
High resolution subsurface imaging of deep targets based on distributed sensor networks

A realistic forward model based on a near-ground distributed sensor grid for a target buried under soil is devised. The soil medium is modeled as a planar stratified medium with a complex dielectric constant profile. The Dyadic Green's function for multilayer dielectric is used to compute the electric field at the target. A high resolution inversion algorithm based on phase-conjugation approach to detect deeply submerged targets is also presented. The sensor network is setup to enhance the lateral resolution by forming a synthetic aperture. The depth resolution is improved by using bandwidth. So as to improve the efficiency of the search algorithm a soil dielectric model to predict the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric constant from the volumetric soil moisture for a given soil textural composition is extended to the frequency of interest (VHF) resulting in less number of variables.
Is there any evidence for forward modeling in language production

The neurocognitive evidence that Pickering & Garrod (P&G) cite in favor of positing forward models in speech production is not compelling. The data to which they appeal either cannot be explained by forward models, or can be explained by a more parsimonious model.
High alcohol/sucrose consumption during dark circadian phase in C57BL/6J mice: involvement of hippocampus, lateral septum and urocortin-positive cells of the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.

Abstract Rationale. Identification of the neuroanatomical substrates regulating alcohol consumption is important for the understanding of alcoholism. Previous studies mapping changes in brain activity used rodent models of alcohol drinking with relatively low alcohol intakes. Objectives. This study was aimed to identify brain regions changing activity after high voluntary intake of alcohol-containing solutions. Methods. Adult male C57BL/6J mice were trained to drink a 10% ethanol/10% sucrose solution in daily 30-min limited-access sessions during the dark phase of the circadian cycle. Control groups of animals consumed 10% sucrose or water. Analysis of c-Fos immunohistochemistry (as a marker for neuronal activity) was performed at 90 min after the last alcohol drinking session. Results. The limited access procedure led to high intakes (2.9±0.3 g/kg) and blood alcohol concentrations of 251±46 mg%. Expression of c-Fos was significantly higher in the alcohol/sucrose group than both the water and sucrose groups in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus, and significantly lower in the alcohol/sucrose group than two control groups in hippocampal subregions, posterior hypothalamus and dorsal lateral septum. Double immunohistochemistry showed that alcohol-induced c-Fos-positive cells in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus co-localized with the neuropeptide urocortin. In addition, intake and/or blood alcohol concentrations correlated with c-Fos expression in specific subregions of the hippocampus, hypothalamus, prefrontal cortex, lateral septum and midbrain. Conclusions. The dark phase voluntary limited-access procedure in mice leads to intakes of alcohol-containing solutions that are considered highly intoxicating. Brain regions showing alcohol-specific changes in c-Fos expression after this procedure can be connected into a novel neurocircuit, including lateral septum, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
Optimizing practice through research: a preventive services case study.

The year 2006 is the 10th anniversary of the publication of Physical Activity and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General.1 Despite this landmark description of the burden that physical inactivity places on Americans, physical inactivity remains common. The downstream effects, obesity and diabetes mellitus in particular, have become epidemic. In response to a dire need to increase physical activity among individuals and within populations, the articles in this supplement2–7 of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine report the results of a series of goaldirected research programs. These efforts have the potential to mitigate the effects of inactivity by increasing the prevalence of efficacious intervention programs in both the clinical setting and in communities.
Pollen structure and development in Nymphaeales: insights into character evolution in an ancient angiosperm lineage.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY A knowledge of pollen characters in early-diverging angiosperm lineages is essential for understanding pollen evolution and the role of pollen in angiosperm diversification. In this paper, we report and synthesize data on mature pollen and pollen ontogeny from all genera of Nymphaeales within a comparative, phylogenetic context and consider pollen evolution in this early-diverging angiosperm lineage. We describe mature pollen characters for Euryale, Barclaya, and Nymphaea ondinea, taxa for which little to no structural data exist. METHODS We studied mature pollen for all nymphaealean genera using light, scanning electron, and transmission electron microscopy. We reviewed published reports of nymphaealean pollen to provide a comprehensive discussion of pollen characters in water lilies. KEY RESULTS Nymphaeales exhibit diversity in key pollen characters, including dispersal unit size, ornamentation, aperture morphology, and tapetum type. All Nymphaeales pollen are tectate-columellate, exhibiting one of two distinct patterns of infratectal ultrastructure-a thick infratectal space with robust columellae or a thin infratectal space with thin columellae. All genera have pollen with a lamellate endexine that becomes compressed in the proximal, but not distal wall. This endexine ultrastructure supports the operculate hypothesis for aperture origin. Nymphaeaceae pollen exhibit a membranous granular layer, which is a synapomorphy of the family. CONCLUSIONS Variation in pollen characters indicates that significant potential for lability in pollen development was present in Nymphaeales at the time of its divergence from the rest of angiosperms. Structural and ontogenetic data are essential for interpreting pollen characters, such as infratectum and endexine ultrastructure in Nymphaeales.
Flash vapor fuel injector development

Following the single-fuel initiative, the US Army is transitioning its power plants from running on various fuels to a single fuel—JP-8. Due to its low vapor pressure, JP-8 could not be used to cold start or run gasoline engines without extensive retrofit. The feasibility of running a low compression ratio, spark ignition engine with direct injection of heated JP-8 was investigated. A preliminary study found that a small piston-type spark ignition engine would not start or run on JP-8 unless JP-8 was heated to certain temperature. JP-8’s thermal decomposition, or coking, was found to be a serious issue that must be addressed if fuel heating method would be used. A flash heater concept was proposed to solve problems of JP-8’s low vapor pressure on running low compression ratio spark ignition engines, as well as JP-8’s coking issue at high temperature. A flash vapor fuel injector was designed and tested to be capable of heating up JP-8 from 26.7 °C to its vaporization temperature of >154.4 °C under one-tent...
Biosynthesis of mono- and sesqui-terpenes in peppermint from glucose-14C and 14CO211A preliminary account of this work was presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Plant Physiologists, Pacific Grove, California, August 1971. Plant Physiol. 41 (Suppl.), 124 Abs. (1971).

Abstract Labeled glucose and CO 2 are more efficient precursors of monoterpenes in peppermint ( Mentha piperita L.) cuttings than is mevalonate, which is the best precursor of sesquiterpenes in this plant. Metabolic turnover of the labeled monoterpenes was observed, in agreement with previous observations. Pulegone derived from 14 CO 2 after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hr of incubation was chemically degraded, and in every case at least 90% of the 14 C-label was found in the seven-carbon fragment containing the isopentenyl pyrophosphate-derived portion of the molecule. The isopropylidene side chain, containing three carbons hypothetically derived from dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, was found to be essentially unlabeled. The results suggest that an endogenous dimethylallyl pyrophosphate pool participates in monoterpene biosynthesis, much as earlier work had suggested that a similar pool participates in sesquiterpene biosynthesis in this plant. These findings are of particular interest because it appears, based on the differential utilization of labeled precursors, that monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are produced at separate sites in the plant.
Copromyxa Arborescens, A New Cellular Slime Mold

(1972). Copromyxa Arborescens, A New Cellular Slime Mold. Mycologia: Vol. 64, No. 6, pp. 1359-1362.
Abstract 1386: Development and application of a syngeneic breast tumor preclinical model to study anticancer efficacy and cardiac safety of doxorubicin and dexrazoxane.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Doxorubicin is a chemotherapeutic drug that causes oxidative stress-mediated cardiotoxicity. To prevent oxidative stress and help to mitigate the cardiotoxic effects of doxorubicin, the iron chelator dexrazoxane is clinically used. However, iron chelators and other antioxidants have not completely succeeded in mitigating this effect and do not protect against iron-independent oxidative damage. One limitation to the development of new cardioprotectants is the lack of physiologically-relevant animal models to simultaneously study antitumor activity and cardioprotection. Therefore, we optimized a syngeneic rat model and examined the mechanisms by which oxidative stress affects the safety and efficacy outcome. Immune-competent spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were implanted with the SHR-derived, breast tumor cell line, SST-2. Tumor growth and cytokine responses (IL-1A, MCP-1, TNF-α) were observed two weeks post-implantation. In order to demonstrate the utility of SHR/SST-2 model for monitoring both anticancer efficacy and acute cardiotoxicity, we studied cardiotoxic doxorubicin alone and in combination with dexrazoxane. As predicted, significant tumor reduction, DNA damage, and cardiomyopathy were demonstrated by doxorubicin. Treatment with the cardioprotectant dexrazoxane increased the pro-survival autophagy marker LC3-II and decreased caspase-3 in the heart, as a single agent and in combination with doxorubicin. Histopathology and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis in tumor and heart. Our results demonstrate the advantage of the immune-proficient SHR/SST-2 model to study anticancer agents and simultaneously address anticancer efficacy and cardiac safety. Citation Format: Yanira Gonzalez-Berrios, Jennifer S. Dickey, Baikuntha P. Aryal, Elliot T. Rosen, Eugene H. Herman, Steven Mog, Asako J. Nakamura, Christophe E. Redon, Ulrich Baxa, Palak Parekh, Karen P. Mason, William Bonner, Ashutosh Rao. Development and application of a syngeneic breast tumor preclinical model to study anticancer efficacy and cardiac safety of doxorubicin and dexrazoxane. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1386. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1386
Protoanthophyllite from three metamorphosed serpentinites

This is the first report of a natural Mg-rich protoanthophyllite. It is common in metamorphosed serpentinites from three Japanese ultramafic complexes, and some crystals contain anthophyllite ( Pnma ) lamellae. The Mg/(Mg + Fe) ratios of the Hayachine, Tari-Misaka, and Takase protoanthophyllites are 0.90, 0.92, and 0.91, respectively. The samples have identical optical properties: X = a , Y = b , Z = c , and 2 V x = 64 ± 5°. Their space group is Pnmn (or Pn 2 n ), as revealed by systematic extinctions in selected-area electron-diffraction patterns. The protoanthophyllite and anthophyllite have similar compositions and orthorhombic symmetry. They are difficult to distinguish using optical, microanalytical, and powder X-ray diffraction measurements. This problem raises the possibility that some of the published data on geological and synthetic anthophyllite samples may be of misidentified materials, potentially leading to errors in the published stability relations of anthophyllite. We provide a method to identify protoanthophyllite and differentiate it from its polymorphs using selected-area electron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy methods.
Multple-demand system identification and characterization via sparse representations of fMRI data

Identification of concurrent spatially overlapping functional networks and understanding of their mechanisms of jointly realizing the total brain function have been important yet challenging problems. In this work, we have applied a datadriven sparse representation framework to learn a dictionary consisting of multiple network components and their associated weight coefficients from a given fMRI dataset. Then we analyzed the network component composition at the voxel level by correlating component weights to the characteristics of regions with strong involvements in multiple components, which are defined as functionally highly heterogeneous regions (HHR). Consequently, the spatial overlap of HHRs obtained across multiple tasks of a given subject is defined as the multiple-demand (MD) system. By applying the proposed framework on the recently publicly released Human Connectome Project (HCP) task fMRI dataset, we have obtained reproducible HHR and MD systems that concentrated on the frontal and parietal cortex. Interestingly, the spatial distribution of those MD regions has been found to be highly correlated with the cortical folding and structural connectivities, revealing closely related brain structural and functional architectures.
International Program Strategy for Software Engineering Skills Development in Software College at NEU

International cooperation has become one of the most significant aspects to evaluate comprehensive strength of a university, and excellent internationalization strategy makes a university more competitive. This paper first introduces Northeastern University of china and its software college, then illustrates international program strategy of software engineering skills development at the college, which focuses on the elaboration of international programs, school-running mode, curriculum system and achievements. We hope that those counterparts, whoever at home and abroad, to deepen the comprehension of our college, especially the international program strategy, and we appreciate further and better cooperation and communication to enlarge and improve the quality of software engineering skills development.
Effect of Implementing a Standardized Shoulder Dystocia Documentation Form on Quality of Delivery Notes.

OBJECTIVES Complete and accurate documentation by the delivering provider in cases of shoulder dystocia is critical for providing clinical information and care to the patient and protecting providers from litigation risks. Standardized forms improve inclusion of certain data elements in the medical record, but the impact on subsequent narrative notes is unknown. We aimed to determine if implementation of a standardized shoulder dystocia documentation form improves obstetric provider written narrative delivery notes. METHODS In February 2005, our institution introduced a mandatory, standardized shoulder dystocia form containing 29 discrete data points relevant to shoulder dystocia documentation. We identified all deliveries complicated by shoulder dystocia from 1 year before and 4 years after implementation of this form and analyzed medical records for inclusion of delivery information in both the required form and the narrative delivery notes. RESULTS We identified 52 cases before and 100 cases after implementation of the standardized form. Inclusion of elements from the form in narrative delivery notes increased significantly after implementation (P = 0.01). Elements present at higher rates included prepregnancy maternal weight (13% before vs 28% after, P = 0.043), total maternal weight gain (19% vs 36%, P = 0.03), estimated fetal weight (60% vs 77%, P = 0.03), duration of active labor (40% vs 65%, P < 0.01), duration of second stage (27% vs 52%, P < 0.01), and time of delivery from head to body (4% vs 30%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Use of a mandatory shoulder dystocia documentation form is associated with significant improvement in the comprehensiveness of delivering provider narrative notes and may encourage more complete and accurate charting. Such improvements can allow for more complete and accurate explanation of events to patients and better demonstrate adherence to standards of care in the management of shoulder dystocia and may improve litigation defensibility.
Talking Through It: Using Student to Student Interviews and Brainstorming Activities for Facilitating Critical Inquiry

Poster for The Innovative Library Classroom (TILC). Talking Through It:Using Student-to-Student Interviews and Brainstorming Activities for Facilitating Critical Inquiry
To sponsor or not to sponsor: Transgressions are unequally detrimental

AbstractExtant research in endorsements has widely examined the impacts of scandals on the evaluations of tarnished endorsers and endorsed brands. However, less is known about the impacts of specific scandal characteristics on tarnished endorsers and endorsed brands. Capitalizing on the cue-diagnosticity theory, this study investigates the influence of transgression relevance and severity on the evaluations of athlete endorsers and endorsed brands. The results indicate that transgression severity and relevance yield different patterns of erosion on endorser expertise, endorser images, and endorsed brands. Specifically, high-severity transgressions are more detrimental than low-severity transgressions to brand evaluations. However, high-relevance transgressions are more detrimental than low-relevance transgressions only when the severity of transgression is high. Severe transgressions are not severely detrimental unless the transgressions are highly relevant to the expertise of the athlete endorsers. Thus,...
Evidence for environment-dependent introgression of adaptive genes between two red oak species with different drought adaptations.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Introgression of adaptive alleles between hybridizing species is likely an important mechanism to generate new genetic variation for adaptation to rapidly changing environmental conditions. Oaks provide a model for the study of adaptive gene introgression because environmental selection maintains high interspecific differentiation at a few outlier loci and species-specific adaptations despite recurrent interspecific gene flow. Previously, we identified a CONSTANS-like gene under strong divergent selection between drought-tolerant Quercus ellipsoidalis and drought-averse Quercus rubra. Neighboring (parapatric) populations of both species were fixed for alternate alleles, Q. ellipsoidalis for allele 138 and Q. rubra for allele 141. METHODS In this study, we analyzed introgression of these outlier alleles in sympatric and in parapatric Q. rubra/Q. ellipsoidalis populations. KEY RESULTS We found evidence that environmental selection affected the level and direction of outlier allele introgression. Thus, in the face of symmetric interspecific gene flow, outlier allele introgression was asymmetric and introgression of allele 138 into Q. rubra was consistently higher than introgression of allele 141 into Q. ellipsoidalis in sympatric populations, but the opposite pattern was found in parapatric populations. Furthermore, the rate of introgression of outlier alleles between species in sympatric stands was related to soil quality (i.e., soil water holding capacity, nutrient availability). CONCLUSIONS This pattern suggests that introgression of adaptive genes between these two red oak species is strongly affected by environmental selection and is an important mechanism for species' adaptation to changing environmental conditions in a changing climate.
Scalable In situ Analysis of Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Analysis of scientific simulation data enables scientists to glean insight from simulations. In situ analysis, which can be simultaneously executed with the simulation, mitigates I/O bottlenecks and can accelerate discovery of new phenomena. However, in typical modes of operation, this requires either stalling simulation during analysis phase or transferring data for analysis. We study the scalability challenges of time- and space-shared modes of analyzing large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. We also propose topology-aware mapping for simulation and analysis. We demonstrate the benefits of our approach using LAMMPS code on two supercomputers.
Experiments on the CMB Spectrum, Big Jets Model and Their Implications for the Missing Half of the Universe

Based on the limiting continuation of Lorentz-Poincare invariance, we propose an alternative formulation of the generalized Planck distribution for inertial and noninertial frames. The Lorentz invariant Planck distribution law leads to a new physical interpretation of the dipole anisotropy of the Cosmic Microwave Background. The Big Jets model predicts a distant ‘antimatter blackbody,’ whose radiations could make 50% of the sky very slightly warmer than the isotropic CMB temperature T CMB with a cosine function. The other 50% of the sky has the same isotropic temperature T CMB . Thus, we could have a pseudo-dipole anisotropy because the microwaves emitted from the antimatter blackbody are totally absorbed by our matter blackbody. We suggest that accurate data of satellite experiments might be used to search for the pseudo-dipole anisotropy and the missing half of the antimatter universe.
Purpose in Life Among Centenarian Offspring.

OBJECTIVES Purpose in life (PIL), a feeling of meaning and direction in life, is associated with favorable health outcomes including lower mortality and reduced risk of disease, disability, and cognitive impairment. Since centenarian offspring have been shown to have long health spans we sought to examine whether they have higher PIL than individuals without familial longevity. METHOD We compared PIL scores from the Ryff Scales of Psychological Well-Being in centenarian offspring from the New England Centenarian Study (N = 361, mean age = 82.0 years) with 3 referent groups: spouses, birth cohort-matched referents, and Health and Retirement Study (HRS) participants. RESULTS Logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, and marital status indicated greater odds of high PIL among centenarian offspring compared with spouse (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.92, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.002-3.68, p = .049) and birth cohort referents (aOR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.36-5.14, p = .004). Offspring had an almost 3 times greater odds of having high PIL than HRS participants (odds ratio [OR] = 2.93, 95% CI = 2.17-3.96, p < .0001). DISCUSSION Higher PIL is associated with being an offspring of a long-lived parent and may play a role in the ability to delay age-associated illnesses and functional decline. Increasing purposefulness may be a target for interventions to promote healthy aging.
Approximations for the Percentage Points of the Chi‐Squared Distribution

Sixteen formulae for approximating percentage points of X2 were examined at each of 15 significance levels. The formula of Wilson and Hilferty is fairly good at most significance levels, but the best approximations without resorting to computer capability are obtained using the Cornish‐Fisher expansion or an empirically derived improvement of the Severo‐Zelen modification of the Wilson‐Hilferty formula.
Why do we avoid radial procedures

This meta-analysis of randomized trials demonstrated no statistically significant difference in the incidence of MACE between patients who underwent trans-ulnar or the trans-radial cardiac catheterization. No differences in arterial access time, fluoroscopy time, and contrast load between the two groups.
Improving compliance in adults with epilepsy on a modified Atkins diet: A randomized trial

Abstract Purpose To determine whether use of a ketogenic formula during the first month of the modified Atkins diet (MAD) in adults with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) improves seizure reduction and compliance compared to MAD alone. Methods Eighty adults (age ≥18 years) with DRE and ≥4 reliably quantifiable seizures/month were enrolled. All participants were trained to follow a 20 g/day net carbohydrate limit MAD. Patients were randomized to receive one 8-ounce (237 mL) tetrapak of KetoCal®, a 4:1 ketogenic ratio formula, daily in combination with MAD during the first month (treatment arm) or second month (control/cross-over arm). Patients recorded urine ketones, weight, and seizure frequency and followed up at 1 and 2 months. Results By 1 month, 84% of patients achieved ketosis (median of 4–4.5 days). At 1 month, the treatment arm had a significantly higher ketogenic ratio and more patients with a ≥1:1 ketogenic ratio compared to the control arm. There was no difference in median seizure frequency, proportion of responders (≥50% seizure reduction), or median seizure reduction from baseline between groups. However, patients treated with KetoCal® during the first month were significantly more likely to continue MAD for 6 months or more. Conclusion Although supplementing MAD with a ketogenic formula in the first month did not increase the likelihood of reducing seizures compared to MAD alone, significantly more adults remained on MAD long-term with this approach. This suggests a potential strategy for encouraging compliance with MAD in adults with DRE.
INFLUENCE OF SEX AND DIET ON LUTEIN IN LAMB FAT

Summary Sixty-four ram and wether lambs were fed a high or a low energy diet and slaughtered at 60 to 80 kg for an assessment of the influence of diet and sex on lutein concentration in lamb fat. Outer subcutaneous fat samples were removed from the lower portion of wholesale ribs of 40 of the carcasses that had either the whitest or the yellowest fat. Lutein concentrations in the fat were correlated with carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition and lean flavor. Higher levels of lutein in the fat were associated with yellower fat color and lower carcass grades. More intense flavor in meat from ram and wether lambs was also associated with higher lutein values. Fat from lambs on the high energy corn diet had less lutein than fat from lambs on the low energy alfalfa diet because of the higher lutein content of the alfalfa. Ram lambs fed the low energy diet accumulated much higher concentrations of lutein in their fat than did wethers fed the same diet, but when high energy diets low in lutein were fed, neither rams nor wethers accumulated signifieant quantities of lutein. Overall, yellow fat, which is caused by high lutein levels, can be decreased by castration before the lambs reach 60 d of age or by the feeding of a diet low in lutein.
The Educational Diagnosis in Nutrition Counseling for Serum Cholesterol Reduction

Educational research in high school classrooms has suggested that students learn better when exposed to instruction which suits their preference with regard to the level of structure in the material(1). A more elaborate educational diagnosis, proposed by John Ginther, takes into account not only the level of structure in the material but the Symbolic, Ikonic or Enactive mode of it’s presentation(2). Thus, there are six possible categories of learner which might benefit by receiving instruction with the level of structure and in the mode of their preference. To test this possibility, one hundred and two patients were randomized into two groups: IIa received instruction matched to the individual’s educational diagnosis, IIb received instruction counter to the educational diagnosis.
Using high energy electrons for Elastic Recoil Detection of hydrogen

Abstract Materials that incorporate hydrogen are of great interest for both scientific and technological reasons. The Ion Beam Laboratory at Sandia National Laboratories has developed techniques using micron to mm-size MeV ion beams to recoil H and its isotopes (Elastic Recoil Detection or ERD) that can very accurately make such measurements. However, there are many measurements that would benefit the field of materials science and technology that require much better resolution. To address these and many other issues, we have demonstrated that H can be recoiled through a thin film of Mylar by 70 keV electrons and detected with a channeltron electron multiplier (CEM). The electrons were steered away from the CEM by strong permanent magnets. This has proven the feasibility that the high energy electrons from a Transmission Electron Microscope-TEM can potentially be used to recoil and subsequently detect (e-ERD), quantify and map the concentration of H isotopes with nm resolution.
Semantic Modeling for Cloud Computing, Part 1

Cloud computing has lately become the attention grabber in both academia and industry. The promise of seemingly unlimited, readily available utility-type computing has opened many doors previously considered difficult, if not impossible, to open. The cloud computing landscape, however, is still evolving, and we must overcome many challenges to foster widespread adoption of clouds. The main challenge is interoperability.
Novel prognosis prediction model for human breast cancer patients based on a heterologous tissue culture gene expression signature

2706 Patients with cancer have highly variable clinical outcomes owing to many factors, among which are genes that determine the likelihood of invasion and metastasis. This genetic predisposition may be reflected in the gene expression pattern of the primary tumor, which has the potential to predict outcomes and guide the choice of treatment better than traditional clinical predictors. We developed an mRNA expression-based model that can predict prognosis/outcomes of human breast cancer patients regardless of microarray platform and patient group. Our model was developed using genes differentially expressed in mouse plasma cell tumors growing in vivo versus those growing in vitro. The prediction system was validated using published data from three cohorts of patients for whom microarray and clinical data had been compiled. The model stratified patients into four independent survival groups (BEST, GOOD, BAD, and WORST: log-rank test p=1.7 x 10-8). Our model significantly improved the survival prediction over other expression-based models and permitted recognition of patients with different prognoses within the estrogen receptor-positive group and within a single pathological tumor class. Basing our predictor on a dataset that originated in a different species and a different cell type may have rendered it less sensitive to proliferation differences and endowed it with wide applicability. It also avoids overfitting, which has made it successful in analyzing patients from three different institutions.
Chemical and sensory analysis of commercial Navel oranges in California

Seven lots of commercially available Navel oranges grown in California were evaluated with flavoromic, metabolomic, sensory descriptive analysis, and consumer testing techniques to identify sensory and chemical drivers of liking. Eight identified chemical clusters related to numerous sensory attributes and consumer preferences. Differences in adult and child preferences led to the discovery of six consumer clusters (four adult and two child). Sweetness, overall flavor, sourness, fruity flavor, and juiciness were identified as the main sensory drivers of liking for the consumers. Fructose, glucose, and proline were among the compounds that best explained perceived sweetness while sourness was correlated with citrate and ascorbate. Perceived fruity flavor increased with higher concentrations of ethanol. We conclude that consumers differ in their preferences for Navel oranges and desire fruit that is higher in both sweetness and sourness.
Alkaline hydrolysis pathway of 2,4-dinitroanisole verified by 18O tracer experiment.

Abstract The environmental fate of insensitive munitions compounds, such as 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), has drawn increasing attention because of their growing use in military activities. One of the main attenuation mechanisms of DNAN degradation in aqueous environments is alkaline hydrolysis. We investigated the pathway for alkaline hydrolysis of DNAN at pH 12 by a combined approach of experiment and theory. An experiment using 18O-labeled water was performed to verify the reaction pathway. Calculated free energies for two putative reaction pathways by density-functional theory optimized at the SMD(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(2d,2p) level including explicit solvation of DNAN by 10 H2O molecules and one OH− ion gave a prediction in agreement with the experimental result. The verified reaction pathway for alkaline hydrolysis of DNAN is a SN2Ar nucleophilic aromatic substitution with a methoxy leaving group ( OCH3) at the C1 site.
Earnings Management: Do Firms Play “Follow the Leader”?

In this study we examine whether the reported performance of one firm affects the discretionary reporting behavior of another firm. We do this by identifying the leader within each industry, defined as the first large announcing firm. We find that the discretionary performance of followers (those firms announcing after the leader) relates positively to the leader's reported performance. Specifically, when the leader misses analysts’ expectations, followers report lower discretionary accruals, have fewer income-decreasing special items, and are less likely to meet analysts’ expectations. In contrast, when leaders report good news, followers report higher discretionary accruals and are more likely to meet expectations (although we do not find evidence of a positive association between leaders’ good news and followers’ income-decreasing special items). Overall, the results are consistent with managers of followers perceiving that earnings news of the leader will affect investors’ and others’ performance expectations for their firms.
Uncertainties in the surface layer physics parameterizations

Abstract The principal processes that dynamically couple the atmosphere and the underneath surface are those involving turbulent exchanges of energy and mass. In this chapter, major uncertainties in the parameterizations of these processes are briefly reviewed and discussed.
Retiform Purpura in the Setting of COVID-19: A Harbinger of Underlying Coagulopathy and Severe Disease Course

While the majority of COVID-19 cases are mild and can be managed in the outpatient setting, more severe cases have proven to be a clinical challenge. While some cases demonstrate a more slow and indolent decline, others seem to deteriorate rapidly with little forewarning. The current literature has connected Retiform Purpura as a cutaneous manifestation associated with severe COVID-19 infections, however timing of cutaneous presentation and severe clinical COVID-19 symptoms has not been well described. Here we report a case of a 58-year-old female who developed Retiform Purpura nearly a week prior to the development of any significant COVID-19 symptoms. This case demonstrates that Retiform Purpura is not only associated with severe COVID-19 disease, but can present prior to symptom onset and should be seen as a harbinger for impending clinical deterioration.
A peroxide-responding sRNA evolved from a peroxidase mRNA

Small RNAs (sRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in bacteria, but we lack a clear understanding of how new sRNAs originate and get integrated into regulatory networks. A major obstacle to elucidating their evolution is the difficulty in tracing sRNAs across large phylogenetic distances. To overcome this roadblock, we investigated the prevalence of sRNAs in more than a thousand genomes across Enterobacterales, a bacterial order with a rare confluence of factors that allows robust genome-scale sRNA analyses: several well-studied organisms with fairly conserved genome structures, an established phylogeny, and substantial nucleotide diversity within a narrow evolutionary space. Using a covariance modeling-based approach, we analyzed the presence of hundreds of sRNAs and discovered that a majority of sRNAs arose recently, and uncovered protein-coding genes as a potential source for the generation of new sRNA genes. A detailed investigation of the emergence of OxyS, a peroxide-responding sRNA, demonstrated that it evolved from a 3' end fragment of a peroxidase mRNA. Collectively, our data show that the erosion of protein-coding genes can result in the formation of new sRNAs that continue to be part of the original proteins regulon. This novel insight provides a fresh framework for understanding how new sRNAs originate and get incorporated into preexisting regulatory networks. AUTHOR SUMMARYSmall RNAs (sRNAs) are important gene regulators in bacteria, but it is unclear how new sRNAs originate and become part of regulatory networks that coordinate bacterial response to environmental stimuli. Here, we show that new sRNAs could arise from protein-coding genes and potentially be incorporated into the ancestral proteins regulatory networks. We illustrate this process by defining the origin of OxyS. This peroxide-responding sRNA evolved from and replaced a peroxidase gene, but continues to be part of the peroxide-response regulon. In sum, we describe the source from which OxyS, one of the most well-studied sRNAs, arose, identify protein-coding genes as a potential raw material from which new sRNAs could emerge, and suggest a novel evolutionary path through which new sRNAs could get incorporated into pre-existing regulatory networks.
Evidence supporting a role for circulating macrophages in the regression of vascular remodeling following sub-chronic exposure to hemoglobin plus hypoxia.

Macrophages are a heterogeneous population with both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions play an essential role in maintaining tissue homeostasis, promoting inflammation under pathological conditi...
Anxiety, Depression, Quality of Life, Caregiver Burden, and Perceptions of Caregiver-Centered Communication among Black and White Hospice Family Caregivers

Background: Anxiety, depression, and reduced quality of life (QOL) are common problems for hospice family caregivers, but it is unknown if disparities in these experiences exist among Black and Whi...