cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Experience in teaching a graduate course in mobile computing

The need for "information anywhere anytime" has been a driving force for the increasing growth in Web and Internet technology, wireless communication, and portable computing devices. The field of mobile computing is the merger of these advances in computing and communication with the aim of providing seamless and ubiquitous computing environment for mobile users. Mobile computing environments are characterized by severe resource constraints and frequent changes in operating conditions. This has motivated research in many challenging problems which span several areas of computer science, computer engineering and electrical engineering, such as network protocols to support mobility, efficient and adaptive resource management techniques for wireless bandwidth and battery power, predicting mobility patterns, performance modeling and simulation of mobile applications, and supporting mobile real time multimedia applications. The paper describes the experience of the authors in designing and teaching a senior/graduate level mobile computing course at Colorado State University. This course was designed for students in computer science, electrical engineering and computer engineering. The goal was to provide an in-depth understanding of the fundamental problems in the area of mobile computing and present the existing and proposed solutions for these problems from both research and development perspectives. In addition to regular homework and exams, students did term projects/papers to explore topics of their interest in more depth. Several mid-term and end-of-semester evaluations were done to gauge student satisfaction and shortcomings of the course and these evaluations were very positive.
9.1.2 Antipatterns in Systems Engineering: An Opening Trio

Patterns provide a way for experts to document the lessons of their experience in such a way that novices can apply those lessons in new situations, and thus avoid costly errors. Furthermore, pattern languages provide a terse form of communicating complex situations and their solutions. While patterns are undoubtedly useful, learning what not to do in recurring situations is equally valuable, if not more so. Patterns that document the painful experience of negative consequences to familiar solutions are called antipatterns. In this paper three antipatterns relevant to systems engineering are introduced: Work-Breakdown Architectures refers to the phenomenon of project management artifacts influencing engineering decisions; Planning with Gantt Regard explores the nuances of project management techniques when applied to complex engineering; and Dogmatic About Dysfunction explains the cultural inertia that can inhibit progress. No claim is made that these are the only antipatterns found in the application of systems engineering, rather that, as the title suggests, they might provide the inspiration and impetus for documentation and identification of a robust catalog.
Blue Again: Perturbational Effects of Antidepressants Suggest Monoaminergic Homeostasis in Major Depression

Some evolutionary researchers have argued that current diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) may not accurately distinguish true instances of disorder from a normal, adaptive stress response. According to disorder advocates, neurochemicals like the monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine) are dysregulated in major depression. Monoamines are normally under homeostatic control, so the monoamine disorder hypothesis implies a breakdown in homeostatic mechanisms. In contrast, adaptationist hypotheses propose that homeostatic mechanisms are properly functioning in most patients meeting current criteria for MDD. If the homeostatic mechanisms regulating monoamines are functioning properly in these patients, then oppositional tolerance should develop with prolonged antidepressant medication (ADM) therapy. Oppositional tolerance refers to the forces that develop when a homeostatic mechanism has been subject to prolonged pharmacological perturbation that attempt to bring the system back to equilibrium. When pharmacological intervention is discontinued, the oppositional forces cause monoamine levels to overshoot their equilibrium levels. Since depressive symptoms are under monoaminergic control, this overshoot should cause a resurgence of depressive symptoms that is proportional to the perturbational effect of the ADM. We test this prediction by conducting a meta-analysis of ADM discontinuation studies. We find that the risk of relapse after ADM discontinuation is positively associated with the degree to which ADMs enhance serotonin and norepinephrine in prefrontal cortex, after controlling for covariates. The results are consistent with oppositional tolerance, and provide no evidence of malfunction in the monoaminergic regulatory mechanisms in patients meeting current diagnostic criteria for MDD. We discuss the evolutionary and clinical implications of our findings.
Comparison of effects of deuterium oxide and x-ray irradiation on multiplication of poliovirus.

An attenuated strain of poliomyelitis virus (CHAT) will not grow in monkey kidney cells at 40 un. Concent 85% C. When deuterium oxide (25 to 40%) is present in the medium, replication of CHAT virus will take place at 40 un. Concent 85% C. Since both deuterium oxide treatment and irradiation with x rays yield giant cells, the 2 treatments have been compared for their ability to support the growth of CHAT poliovirus at 40 un. Concent 85% C. At several levels of x irradiation, monkey kidney cells will not support the growth of CHAT virus at 40 un. Concent 85% C. When D/sub 2/O is added to he medium of the x- irradiated cells at 40 un. Concent 85% C, replication of CHAT virus is observed. The effect is not due to cell size or number. (auth)
Autotransplantation of solitary kidney with renal artery aneurysm treated with laparoscopic nephrectomy and ex vivo repair: A case report

Abstract Introduction Renal artery aneurysms (RAA) are extremely rare clinical entities with associated morbidities including hypertension and rupture. Although most RAA can be treated with in vivo repair or endovascular techniques, these may not be possible in patients with complex RAA beyond the renal artery bifurcation. We report a case of RAA in a patient with a solitary kidney that we treated successfully by extracorporeal repair and autotransplantation and the 2-years follow-up. Case Report A 64-year-old woman with a history of right nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma presented with RAA found on routine computed tomography (CT). Preoperative workup demonstrated a 2.2 × 2.1 × 3-cm aneurysm in the distal left renal artery that was not amendable to in vivo or endovascular repair. The patient underwent a laparoscopic-assisted left nephrectomy, ex vivo renal artery aneurysm repair, and autotransplantation. She did well postoperatively and in clinic follow-up was found to have a creatinine of 1.2 mg/dL at the end of 2 years and stable blood pressure control. Discussion This patient with RAA in her solitary kidney was successfully treated with laparoscopic-assisted nephrectomy, ex vivo repair, and autotransplantation. Her creatinine was stable postoperatively despite absence of a second kidney.
A software-oriented approach to the design of media processing environments

The ViewStation architecture embodies a software-oriented approach to the support of interactive media-based applications. Starting from the premise that the raw media data, e.g., the video pixels themselves, must eventually be made accessible to the application, we have derived a set of architectural guidelines for the design of media processing environments. The resultant ViewStation architecture, as described in this paper, consists of the VuSystem, a complete media programming environment, and the VuNet, a substrate for the acquisition communication and rendering of video and closed caption text. We describe a set of computer-participative applications that demonstrate the present day viability of applications that participate in, i.e., actively process, live media-based information. Early performance results illustrate the affordability and benefits of our software-oriented approach. >
Association of Specific Subtypes of Borrelia burgdorferi with Hematogenous Dissemination in Early Lyme Disease

To investigate whether genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto may affect the occurrence of hematogenous dissemination, 104 untreated adults with erythema migrans from a Lyme disease diagnostic center in Westchester County, New York, were studied. Cultured skin isolates were classified into 3 groups by a polymerase chain reaction amplification and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method. A highly significant association between infecting RFLP type in skin and the presence of spirochetemia was found (P<.001). The same association existed for the presence of multiple erythema migrans lesions (P=.045), providing clinical corroboration that hematogenous dissemination is related to the genetic subtype of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto. There were no significant associations between RFLP type and seropositivity or clinical symptoms and signs except for a history of fever and chills (P=.033). These results suggest that specific genetic subtypes of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto influence disease pathogenesis. Infection with different subtypes of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto may help to explain differences in the clinical presentation of patients with Lyme disease.
Jitter model and signal processing techniques for high-density optical data storage

The author discusses a jitter model and signal processing techniques for data recovery in pulse width modulation (PWM) optical recording. A high-speed counter clock is used to convert time marks to amplitude marks, and signal processing techniques are used to minimize jitter according to the jitter model. The jitter model considered takes into account jitter from both the write and read processes, and the signal processing techniques include: velocity and intersymbol interference equalization; differential interleaving detection (DID); additive interleaving detection (AID); differential interleaving modulation (DIM); and additive interleaving modulation (AIM). These techniques are found to be effective in reducing the mark error rate (MER). Various modulation codes can be used in addition to the signal processing techniques to achieve better modulation efficiency. >
A Cartesian Grid Method for Solving the Two-Dimensional Streamfunction-Vorticity Equations in Irregular Regions

We describe a method for solving the two-dimensional Navier?Stokes equations in irregular physical domains. Our method is based on an underlying uniform Cartesian grid and second-order finite-difference/finite-volume discretizations of the streamfunction-vorticity equations. Geometry representing stationary solid obstacles in the flow domain is embedded in the Cartesian grid and special discretizations near the embedded boundary ensure the accuracy of the solution in the cut cells. Along the embedded boundary, we determine a distribution of vorticity sources needed to impose the no-slip flow conditions. This distribution appears as a right-hand-side term in the discretized fluid equations, and so we can use fast solvers to solve the linear systems that arise. To handle the advective terms, we use the high-resolution algorithms in CLAWPACK. We show that our Stokes solver is second-order accurate for steady state solutions and that our full Navier?Stokes solver is between first- and second-order accurate and reproduces results from well-studied benchmark problems in viscous fluid flow. Finally, we demonstrate the robustness of our code on flow in a complex domain.
Draft Genome Sequences of Five New Strains of Methylophilaceae Isolated from Lake Washington Sediment

We sequenced the genomes of five new Methylophilaceae strains isolated from Lake Washington sediment. We used the new sequences to sort these new strains into specific Methylophilaceae ecotypes, including one novel ecotype. The new genomes expand the known diversity of Methylophilaceae and provide new models for studying the ecology of methylotrophy.
Real-time interpretation of novel events across childhood

Despite extensive evidence that adults and children rapidly integrate world knowledge to generate expectancies for upcoming language, little work has explored how this knowledge is initially acquired and used. We explore this question in 3- to 10-year-old children and adults by measuring the degree to which sentences depicting recently learned connections between agents, actions and objects lead to anticipatory eye-movements to the objects. Combinatory information in sentences about agent and action elicited anticipatory eye-movements to the Target object in adults and older children. Our findings suggest that adults and school-aged children can quickly activate information about recently exposed novel event relationships in real-time language processing. However, there were important developmental differences in the use of this knowledge. Adults and school-aged children used the sentential agent and action to predict the sentence final theme, while preschool children’s fixations reflected a simple association to the currently spoken item. We consider several reasons for this developmental difference and possible extensions of this paradigm.
Teacher as trickster on the learner's journey

For tens of thousands of years, teachers have used stories to promote learning. Today's teachers can do the same. In particular, we can employ Joseph Campbell's "monomyth"—with its stages of separation, initiation, and return—as a model for structuring learning experiences. Within the monomyth, one tempting role for teachers is the sage, but we should resist this temptation. Instead we should acknowledge, and benefit from, our role as tricksters. To do so is to accept and illuminate the dual responsibility of the teacher as both supporter and challenger.
Development of neocortical circuitry: Histochemical localization of acetylcholinesterase in relation to the cell layers of rat somatosensory cortex

Acetylcholinesterase (AchE) was histochemically localized in neocortex cerebri of newborn to 1-week-old rats. At birth AchE-dependent staining is limited to scattered somata (Cajal-Retzius cells) in the marginal zone and a few fibers and somata in primordial layer VI. By the end of the first week, neuronal elements are relatively well stained in particular cell laminae, giving the appearance of three horizontal AchE-rich "bands" which alternate with AchE-poor laminae. The subpial band (layer I) is a narrow tangential zone of intensely staining fibers and scattered somata. The mid-cortical band contains an AchE-positive fiber plexus (primordial layer IV) and numerous stained somata (pyramids of primordial layer V). In layer IV of the SmI region, intermittent foci of staining are noted which overlap the barrels' distribution in the barrel field. The deep cortical band (bottom of primordial layer VI) consists of numerous stained somata (Martinotti cells). It is concluded that there is a laminar pattern of acetylcholinesterase-dependent staining in postnatal rat somatosensory cortex, and that the laminar pattern bears a consistent spatial relation both to the cell layers and to the depths of high synapse density in immature cortex.
Review of Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, Second Edition, by Sophia Rabe-Hesketh and Anders Skrondal

This article reviews Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, Second Edition, by Sophia Rabe-Hesketh and Anders Skrondal.
Application of pan‐sharpening to SIMS imaging

Higher resolution and increased intensity is always a goal for SIMS imaging experiments. One approach to achieving this goal might be to utilize complementary data sources that could be merged through the process of image fusion. The idea to incorporate the best aspects of two different image acquisition approaches to maximize information content. Here, we examine a subset of image fusion, pan-sharpening, that is utilized to combine relevant and redundant information from a pair of high resolution and low resolution images to create a hybrid image. To test applicability to SIMS imaging, two different scenarios are considered. First, a copper-mesh grid SIMS image is fused with a higher resolution SEM image to improve the intensity and contrast between gridlines and background. Secondly, an SIMS image obtained with an Ar4000+ cluster primary ion beam is fused with a higher resolution C60+ image to map specific lipid signals in a 3D depth profile of HeLa cells. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 60 degree scanning offset reflector antenna with high aperture efficiency

A new type of microwave offset reflector antenna which provides +or-30 degrees of scanning with reasonably high aperture efficiency is presented. This scanning reflector, like the torus antenna, combines reasonable scanning in one plane with good focusing in the other. Its scanning ability is superior to that of the torus and other single reflectors because it has much greater aperture efficiency and is thus smaller while being just as effective. A symmetric scanning reflector surface was derived in two steps: the fourth-order profile curve in the scan plane was found using least squares methods to minimize the scanned beam error; then, even polynomial terms which minimize astigmatism for both the unscanned and maximally scanned beams were added to form the three-dimensional surface. The offset design procedure is similar to that of the symmetric case. However, the offset geometry allows for odd order terms which do not exist in the symmetric case. Good results have been attained for +or-30 degrees scanning with a 30 lambda diameter illuminated aperture. >
Stellar motion induced by gravitational instabilities in protoplanetary discs

We test the effect of assumptions about stellar motion on the behaviour of gravitational instabilities (GIs) in protoplanetary discs around solar-type stars by performing two simulations that are identical in all respects except the treatment of the star. In one simulation, the star is assumed to remain fixed at the centre of the inertial reference frame. In the other, stellar motion is handled properly by including an indirect potential in the hydrodynamic equations to model the star's reference frame as one which is accelerated by star/disc interactions. The discs in both simulations orbit a solar mass star, initially extend from 2.3 to 40 au with a ω ―1/2 surface density profile, and have a total mass of 0.14 M ⊙ . The γ = 5/3 ideal gas is assumed to cool everywhere with a constant cooling time of two outer rotation periods. The overall behaviour of the disc evolution is similar, except for weakening in various measures of GI activity by about at most tens of per cent for the indirect potential case. Overall conclusions about disc evolution in earlier papers by our group, where the star was always assumed to be fixed in an inertial frame, remain valid. There is no evidence for independent one-armed instabilities, like the Stimulation by the Long-range Interaction of Newtonian Gravity (SLING), in either simulation. On the other hand, the stellar motion about the system centre of mass (COM) in the simulation with the indirect potential is substantial, up to 0.25 au during the burst phase, as GIs initiate, and averaging about 0.9 au during the asymptotic phase, when the GIs reach an overall balance of heating and cooling. These motions appear to be a stellar response to non-linear interactions between discrete global spiral modes in both the burst and asymptotic phases of the evolution, and the star's orbital motion about the COM reflects the orbit periods of disc material near the corotation radii of the dominant spiral waves. This motion is, in principle, large enough to be observable and could be confused with stellar wobble due to the presence of one or more super-Jupiter mass protoplanets orbiting at 10's au. We discuss why the excursions in our simulation are so much larger than those seen in simulations by Rice et al.
Rupture progression along discontinuous oblique fault sets: implications for the Karadere rupture segment of the 1999 Izmit earthquake, and future rupture in the Sea of Marmara

Abstract Large earthquakes in strike-slip regimes commonly rupture fault segments that are oblique to each other in both strike and dip. This was the case during the 1999 Izmit earthquake, which mainly ruptured E–W-striking right-lateral faults but also ruptured the N60°E-striking Karadere fault at the eastern end of the main rupture. It will also likely be so for any future large fault rupture in the adjacent Sea of Marmara. Our aim here is to characterize the effects of regional stress direction, stress triggering due to rupture, and mechanical slip interaction on the composite rupture process. We examine the failure tendency and slip mechanism on secondary faults that are oblique in strike and dip to a vertical strike-slip fault or “master” fault. For a regional stress field well-oriented for slip on a vertical right-lateral strike-slip fault, we determine that oblique normal faulting is most favored on dipping faults with two different strikes, both of which are oriented clockwise from the strike-slip fault. The orientation closer in strike to the master fault is predicted to slip with right-lateral oblique normal slip, the other one with left-lateral oblique normal slip. The most favored secondary fault orientations depend on the effective coefficient of friction on the faults and the ratio of the vertical stress to the maximum horizontal stress. If the regional stress instead causes left-lateral slip on the vertical master fault, the most favored secondary faults would be oriented counterclockwise from the master fault. For secondary faults striking ±30° oblique to the master fault, right-lateral slip on the master fault brings both these secondary fault orientations closer to the Coulomb condition for shear failure with oblique right-lateral slip. For a secondary fault striking 30° counterclockwise, the predicted stress change and the component of reverse slip both increase for shallower-angle dips of the secondary fault. For a secondary fault striking 30° clockwise, the predicted stress change decreases but the predicted component of normal slip increases for shallower-angle dips of the secondary fault. When both the vertical master fault and the dipping secondary fault are allowed to slip, mechanical interaction produces sharp gradients or discontinuities in slip across their intersection lines. This can effectively constrain rupture to limited portions of larger faults, depending on the locations of fault intersections. Across the fault intersection line, predicted rakes can vary by >40° and the sense of lateral slip can reverse. Application of these results provides a potential explanation for why only a limited portion of the Karadere fault ruptured during the Izmit earthquake. Our results also suggest that the geometries of fault intersection within the Sea of Marmara favor composite rupture of multiple oblique fault segments.
Alzheimer'S disease: Monoamines and spiperone binding reduced in nucleus basalis

Levels of dopamine and serotonin, and of their precursors and metabolites, were measured in the nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM) of patients with Alzheimer's disease and control patients. [3H]Spiperone binding to membrane homogenates of the nbM, indicative of both dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors, was also measured. The nbM from patients with Alzheimer's disease showed significant decreases in both spiperone binding and in the levels of dopamine and serotonin but no decrease in either tyrosine or tryptophan levels. These data indicate a loss of both dopaminergic and serotonergic synapses in the nbM of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
An immunoassay to evaluate human/environmental exposure to the antimicrobial triclocarban.

A sensitive, competitive indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of the antimicrobial triclocarban (TCC) was developed. The haptens were synthesized by derivatizing the para position of a phenyl moiety of TCC. The rabbit antisera were screened and the combination of antiserum 1648 and a heterologous competitive hapten containing a piperidine was further characterized. The IC50 and detection range for TCC in buffer were 0.70 and 0.13–3.60 ng/mL, respectively. The assay was selective for TCC, providing only low cross-reactivity to TCC-related compounds and its major metabolites except for the closely related antimicrobial 3-trifluoromethyl-4,4′-dichlorocarbanilide. A liquid–liquid extraction for sample preparation of human body fluids resulted in an assay that measured low part per billion levels of TCC in small volumes of the samples. The limits of quantification of TCC were 5 ng/mL in blood/serum and 10 ng/mL in urine, respectively. TCC in human urine was largely the N- or N′-...
Improving inpatient cystic fibrosis pulmonary exacerbation care: two success stories

Background Pulmonary exacerbations (PEx) in cystic fibrosis (CF) are a frequent cause of hospitalisations and lead to long-term decline in pulmonary function. Successful CF inpatient care requires the coordination of multiple providers and complex therapies. Children9s Hospital of Wisconsin (CHW) and Children9s Healthcare of Atlanta (CHoA) independently identified PEx inpatient care for focused improvements, with emphasis on improving care coordination and patient outcomes. Methods Both centres began by forming multidisciplinary workgroups, including patient and family representatives. CHW9s specific aim was to eliminate delays in the time to initial intravenous antibiotics. A written handoff tool was developed to allow more efficient ordering. Efforts at CHoA focused on coordination and consistent care delivery. A written schedule and patient incentive programme were devised to ensure proper administration of treatments and promote patient adherence. Results At CHW, interventions decreased the mean antibiotic order time by 59% with resultant decrease in administration time by 25%. At CHoA, improvements led to a 42% decrease in the proportion of hospitalisations unsuccessful in returning lung function back to within 90% of baseline. Conclusions Inpatient CF PEx care is complex and requires multiple competing activities and treatments. Consistent and timely delivery of these treatments is challenging. Our improvements used the skills and insights of providers and patients to improve, standardise and synchronise care, and to develop tools to coordinate hand offs. With these improvements, applicable to hospital treatment of many other conditions, both centres were successfully able to deliver treatments in a more consistent and timely manner with improved outcomes.
Effects of species and maturity stage on nutritional and fermentation characteristics of Sarcobatus species

Abstract The aim of this paper was to investigate the effect of maturity stage and species on nutritional and rumen fermentation characteristics of two species of greasewood, Black [ Sarcobatus vermiculatus (Hook) Torr], and Bailey [ Sarcobatus baileyi (Coville) Jepson]. Crude protein (CP) content of both species for all stages ranged from 114.1 to 204.8 g/kg, which is greater than the maintenance requirement of cattle. Highest CP content (204.8 g/kg, P = 0.045) was observed for Black greasewood pre-bloom. Highest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (sa) fractions (311.3 and 103.9 g/kg, P P 3 N), and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content were determined at the end of a 48 h incubation period. Black greasewood was higher (409.0 vs. 366.1 g/kg; P = 0.006) in IVOMD than Bailey greasewood. The pre-bloom stage yielded more ( P = 0.015) IVOMD than the bloom and post-bloom stages. No IVOMD difference was observed between bloom and post-bloom stages. Rumen ammonia nitrogen was highest (32.13 mg/100 ml; P = 0.005) for Black greasewood pre-bloom. Total VFA was significantly affected by species and maturity. The highest total VFA content was observed for both species pre-bloom. Total VFA remained the same for Black greasewood at bloom and post-bloom stages, while it declined significantly with increased maturity for Bailey. Based on this study Black greasewood has greater potential than Bailey greasewood as a late summer and early fall forage source in salt desert shrub plant communities of the Great Basin.
Dementia and sensitivity to anesthetics

By 2040, the population of individuals in the United States older than 65 yr of age is expected to double to more than 80 million, with similar trends of expansion expected in Canada. Increased age creates a higher risk of both dementia and the need for surgical intervention under general anesthesia. Approximately one in nine individuals C 65 yr of age has Alzheimer’s disease (AD). This prevalence increases to approximately one in three for individuals C 85 yr of age. Although murine genetic models of familial AD suggest the presence of anesthetic resistance (measured by the minimum alveolar concentration), the effects of dementia on anesthetic sensitivity in humans using an electroencephalographic index has not been reported. In the current issue of the Journal, Perez-Protto et al. explore whether surgical patients with dementia have increased sensitivity to volatile anesthetic agents. The investigators conducted a retrospective matched cohort study, screening more than 77,000 medical records of non-cardiac surgical patients for a diagnosis of dementia with various etiologies using International Classification of Diseases-9 billing codes. To meet inclusion criteria for the study, the patients had to 1) be anesthetized with a volatile anesthetic, 2) be classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I-III, 3) have not received midazolam as a premedication, 4) be monitored with a bispectral index (BIS) XP device, and 5) have available anesthetic data for five minutes prior to surgical incision (the interval to be analyzed). A positive screening for dementia required confirmation with a manual chart review. Each patient with identified dementia was matched with up to five control patients without dementia. The primary outcome was anesthetic sensitivity, which was defined by the investigators as a ratio of the time-weighted average BIS to the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) during the five-minute interval prior to incision. The time-weighted BIS/MAC ratios for patients with dementia were compared to those for the control cohort. No significant difference between the cohorts was identified. The investigators concluded that surgical patients with dementia likely do not require lower doses of volatile anesthetics than their non-demented counterparts. The study by Perez-Protto et al. is an important step that adds useful information to the ongoing discourse regarding general anesthesia and dementia. As a negative trial unable to reject the null hypothesis, the results are consistent with the possibility that no alteration in anesthetic management is indicated for surgical patients with dementia. If confirmed, this finding would be clinically important – and reassuring – to patients and anesthesiologists alike. However, the data must be interpreted in the context of several important considerations.
Reframing research on intuitive science knowledge

Education research has devoted significant effort to understanding the intuitive knowledge students bring to bear in reasoning about formal science. In addition to documenting the specific content of students' conceptions in particular domains, some researchers attempt to make more general claims, both within and across domains, about the nature of intuitive knowledge. These attempts involve an implicit assumption that the character and function of all intuitive knowledge is the same - that there is a single kind of thing called "intuitive science knowledge" that can be singularly characterized. The purpose of this work is to call that assumption into question, and we present examples to highlight our concerns. We propose a theoretical framework that provides a way to more carefully frame our research on intuitive science knowledge and demonstrate how it can be used to bring additional clarity to current discussions in the literature.
Berber law by French means: Customary courts in the Moroccan Hinterlands, 1930-1956

As the French conquered Muslim lands in their nineteenth- and early-twentieth-century quest for empire, they encountered multiple and sometimes mixed judicial systems among the native populations. In many places, legal codes were shaped by either fiqh, meaning Islamic law, one component of which is customary law, or by non-Islamic custom, or some combination of the two. To administer native justice in French colonies and protectorates, officials sorted through this multiplicity in order to standardize procedures, principles, and punishments. The standardization of customary law codes, whether written or oral prior to submission to the makhzan (the central Moroccan government, lit. “storehouse”) under the Protectorate, required that French officials both maintain pre-contact codes and create new institutions to administer and monitor them. Through new judicial bureaucracies, the French transformed indigenous law. Customary law was a “residual category” in the sense that it consisted of what remained after colonial powers ferreted out what they considered morally offensive and politically objectionable. Legal codification involved what Vincent calls “a compromise between those recognized as leading elements in indigenous societies and the colonial administrators who co-opted them.” Yet customary law, “if understood as allowing local people to do their own cultural ‘thing,’ should also be understood to have been a carefully restricted fragment of ‘tradition.’” This tradition when manifest as customary law “implies that there is a different kind of law with which it can be contrasted,” making customary law “the ongoing product of encounters between subordinate local political entities and dominant overarching ones.” In such encounters the distinction made between custom and law has long preoccupied legal historians, as well as anthropologists, colonial administrators, and importantly, lay people. Throughout French African colonies and protectorates, this distinction was key to the French usurpation of social institutions, as was true in British overseas territories as well.
Studies on Valveless Pulse Detonation Engines

An unsteady lumped parameter analysis tool is developed to analyze the operational characteristics of valvesless PDE. The model divide s the fluid system into multiple control volumes and applies conservation equations to analyze transient characteristic of flow. The mass flow rates between control volumes are treated as a flow through an orifice. The fluid properties are represented with a set of differenti al equations and it is numerically integrated over time. In order to apply the unstead y lump parameter analysis, detonation propagation into a detonation tube must be carefull y modeled with three methods, detonation propagation model, constant volume combustion model and empirical model. The model is used to analyze the operational charac teristics of the Purdue valveless PDE. Parametric studies of component geometries, as well as operating conditions are performed systematically.
Contemporary Value Conflict and Its Adjustment from the Cultural Perspective of Filial Piety

Value conflict is the most profound and typical manifestation of contemporary Chinese values.Now that filial piety is placed at the heart zone and node area of the conflicts,it serves as a wonderful window through which to observe the conflicts.The declining of filial piety as a holistic consensus,the unbalanced development as an overlapping consensus,and the dual evolution at the practice level fully reveal the complexity and depth of social value conflicts in contemporary China.In such a complex conflict context,any uniform and inflexible criteria of value would prove fruitless. Instead,a holistic consensus pattern should be formulated,which includes basic consensus(attitudeoriented consensus),dominant consensus(core socialist value system)and vision consensus(Chinese Dream),so as to realize the adjustment of conflicts and achieve the truth of reasonable pluralism.
Diabetic Retinopathy During Pregnancy

This article outlines the pathophysiology of diabetic retinopathy, its epidemiology, and its diagnosis. Recommendations for management of the pregnant diabetic patient through the team approach has resulted in a dramatic improvement in maternal and fetal complications during pregnancy. By including a retinal specialist in the team during each trimester, the effects of pregnancy on the progression of diabetic retinopathy should be nearly identical to that of the non-pregnant patient.
Self-study: organizational resource in staff development preparation.

Human service organizations today must achieve maximal use of existing resources, including staff. A cost-effective model of staff development shows how staff can undertake organization-wide self-s...
Rigid membranes of Malayan ovalocytes: a likely genetic barrier against malaria

A high frequency of nonhemolytic hereditary ovalocytosis in Malayan aborigines is thought to result from reduced susceptibility of affected individuals to malaria. Indeed, Kidson et al. recently showed that ovalocytes from Melanesians in Papua New Guinea are resistant to infection in culture by the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum. In order to determine if protection against parasitic invasion in these ovalocytes might be the result of some altered membrane material property in these unusual cells, we measured their membrane and cellular deformability characteristics using an ektacytometer . Ovalocytic red cells were found to be much less deformable in comparison to normal discoid red cells. Similar measurements on isolated membrane preparations revealed a marked reduction in ovalocytic membrane deformability. To produce equal deformation of ovalocytic and normal membranes, ovalocytes required an 8–10-fold increase in applied shear stress, indicating that their membrane was capable of deforming under sufficient stress. To test the possibility that this increased membrane rigidity might confer resistance to parasitic invasion, we performed an in vitro invasion assay using Plasmodium falciparum merozoites and Malayan ovalocytes of varying deformability from seven different donors. The level of infection of the ovalocytes ranged from 1% to 35% of that in control cells, and the extent of inhibition appeared to be closely related to the reduction in membrane deformability. Moreover, we were able to induce similar resistance to parasitic invasion in nonovalocytic normal red cells by increasing their membrane rigidity with graded exposure to a protein crosslinking agent. Our findings suggest that resistance to parasite invasion of Malayan ovalocytes is the result of a genetic mutation that causes increased membrane rigidity.
Q and A with Chancellor Nancy Cantor

Jan Cohen-Cruz: Nancy, what does higher education offer the arts as a platform that a strictly arts professional frame does not?
Fostering Resilience in Daughters of Battered Women

In this Chap. 1 build on my prior qualitative and quantitative inquiries regarding psychological recovery for females who as children witnessed their mothers being abused by an intimate partner (Anderson & Bang, 2012; Anderson & Danis, 2006; Anderson, Danis, & Havig, 2011). Previous findings underscored how adult daughters can recover from childhood exposure to domestic violence and, against formidable odds, exhibit resilience. However, more research on child witnesses is necessary to further delineate the connection between childhood protective factors and adult hardiness. Additional attention needs to be given to children’s specific cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses along with familial and external support in response to inter-parental conflict. Keeping this in mind, I examine here the retrospective reports of adult daughters (N = 68) regarding the range of protective strategies employed during childhood and how they may relate, if at all, to adult functioning (i.e., resilience, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]).
A phase I trial of azacitidine and nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel in patients with advanced or metastatic solid tumors

// Adam L. Cohen 1, * , Abhijit Ray 2, * , Matthew Van Brocklin 3 , David M. Burnett 3 , Randy C. Bowen 4 , Donna L. Dyess 5 , Thomas W. Butler 5 , Theresa Dumlao 6 and Hung T. Khong 1 1 Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 2 Division of Oncology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 3 Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 4 Department of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA 5 University of South Alabama, Mitchell Cancer Institute, Mobile, AL, USA 6 Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center, Gilbert, AZ, USA * These authors have contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Hung T. Khong, email: hung.khong@hci.utah.edu Keywords: nab-paclitaxel, azacitidine, solid tumor, phase I clinical trials, SPARC Received: August 19, 2016 Accepted: November 18, 2016 Published: December 26, 2016 ABSTRACT Background: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), an albumin-binding protein, is downregulated by hypermethylation in many cancers. Hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine can upregulate SPARC in tumors, which may enhance the accumulation of albumin-bound drugs at tumor site. The objectives of this phase I trial was to determine the safety and maximum tolerated dose and to assess any clinical activity of the combination of azacytidine and weekly nanoparticle-albumin-bound (nab®) paclitaxel. Methods: Patients received escalating azacytidine doses daily for 5 days, followed by nab-paclitaxel at the standard 100mg/m2 weekly dose for 3 weeks in 4-week cycles. Dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) were monitored during the first cycle. Serum was obtained at baseline, during and after treatment for correlative study. Results: All sixteen total patients enrolled were evaluable for toxicity, while 13 patients were evaluable for response. Two of five patients treated with 100mg/m2 of azacytidine had DLT of prolonged grade 4 neutropenia. Therefore, the MTD of azacitidine in this regimen is 75 mg/m 2 . Three additional patients were treated with no grade 4 toxicity in cycle 1. Clinical activity included 1 complete response (CR) in refractory DLBCL, 2 CR in ovarian cancer, 4 partial responses (PR) in ovarian and endometrial cancer, 4 stable diseases (SD) in lung, sarcoma and pancreatic cancer, 1 unconfirmed PR in breast cancer, and 1 progression of disease in CLL/SLL. Conclusions: Priming with azacitidine 75 mg/m 2 daily for 5 days, followed by weekly nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m 2 weekly was well tolerated and results in dramatic responses pre-treated cancer patients.
SA85. White Matter Connectivity as a Predictor of Response to Antipsychotic Treatment: A Diffusion Connectometry Study in Unmedicated Patients With Schizophrenia

Abstract A number of studies have reported decreased white matter integrity in patients with schizophrenia, but little is known the relationship between white matter alterations and response to antipsychotic treatment. We enrolled 30 unmedicated patients with schizophrenia in a 6-week longitudinal trial with risperidone, a commonly used antipsychotic medication. Symptom severity was assessed with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). We obtained diffusion-weighted images before treatment was started. Thirty diffusion sampling directions spanning the whole sphere were acquired twice and concatenated (in plane resolution 2.2 mm, slice thickness 2.2 mm, b-value 1000 s/mm, 5 b0 images). Motion and eddy current correction were performed with the FSL EDDY tool. Diffusion data were then reconstructed in MNI space using q-space diffeomorphic reconstruction to obtain the spin distribution function, with a sampling length ratio of 1.25. Group diffusion connectometry was performed to examine the relationship between connectivity and clinical response after 6 weeks of treatment (defined as [BPRS total baseline − BPRS total week 6]/ BPRS total at baseline × −100) with multiple regression analyses using age and sex as covariates. Local connectomes were tracked using a deterministic fiber-tracking algorithm, with seeding density of 100 seeds/ mm, t-threshold of 2.3, and length threshold of 50 mm; all tracks from bootstrap resampling were included. Track trimming was conducted with 5 iterations. A total of 2000 randomized permutations were applied to obtain the null distribution of the track length. Connectometry analysis indicated that greater connectivity in the corpus callosum, external capsule, and cerebellar peduncle at baseline is related to better treatment response after 6 weeks of treatment; no tracks with lower connectivity related to treatment response were found. Our results suggest a relationship between white matter integrity and response to antipsychotic medications. Future studies investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying white matter alterations will be important for targeted drug development and ultimately improvement of outcomes in patients with poor response to conventional antipsychotic medications.
Immunomodulators targeting MARCO expression improve resistance to postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia

Downregulation of the alveolar macrophage (AM) receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) leads to susceptibility to postinfluenza bacterial pneumonia, a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We...
Dietary Polyunsaturated Fats and Your Cell Membranes

It is often said that “one is what one eats.” Think of this in relation to the three macronutrient categories of carbohydrate, protein, and fat. If one eats more carbohydrate, does this change one’s body composition in some fundamental way? More glycogen will be stored in muscle and other tissues, but there will be no other fundamental change in body composition. Similarly, if one eats more protein, only a small part of the excess amino acids is stored as labile protein in liver; the rest is quickly used for energy. Again, there is no fundamental change in one’s body composition, for the amino acids used to make more proteins are assembled using the genetically encoded templates of messenger RNA, and one’s diet does not change that code.
Abstract 18551: Predisposing Factors of Persistent Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety Among Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome

Introduction: Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) contributing to poor health outcomes such as mortality and rehospitalization Several studies...
Jus Algoritmi. Wie die National Security Agency die Staatsangehörigkeit neu erfand

Im Sommer 2013 wurden geheime Dokumente der National Security Agency (NSA) veroffentlicht, die uber umstrittene Uberwachungsprogramme informierten und eine Diskussion uber die Macht des Staats und uber Burgerrechte entfachten. Wie aber kann man Staatsangehorigkeit in einer digitalen, vernetzten Welt definieren? Als Antwort auf diese Frage entwarf die NSA eine algorithmische, datenbasierte Version der Staatsangehorigkeit (und der Fremdheit), wonach ein Nutzer im juristischen Sinne als Auslander gilt, wenn seine „Selektoren“ dies mit „wenigstens 51-prozentiger Konfidenz“ anzeigen. Diese Selektoren, die beispielsweise Telefonnummern, IP-Adressen oder Sprachen sein konnen, entfalteten rechtliche Bindungswirkung fur eine Online-Staatsangehorigkeit. Der folgende Text erklart, was algorithmische Staatsangehorigkeit bedeutet, wie die Staatsangehorigen und die Auslander der NSA aussehen, und welche Folgen es hat, wenn eine offizielle Zuordnung der U.S.-Staatsangehorigkeit ausschlieslich auf der algorithmischen Auswertung von Kommunikationsdaten basiert.