cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Detailed Redescription of the Pseudochirella Obesa Female (Copepoda, Calanoida). Ii. Antennae and Mouthparts

In this Part II of the detailed account on the morphology of the Pseudochirella obesa female, the antennae and the oral appendages are reported upon. Reference is made to Parts I and III, respectively, for technical details and for a summary discussion of the results (cf. Von Vaupel Klein & Rijerkerk, 1996 and in press).
Mnemonics for Phonics.

Abstract Two experiments were run in which the effect of pictures as mnemonics for learning letter-sound pairs was investigated with prereading children. In both experiments the mnemonics had a substantial positive effect during training, but this effect disappeared on a transfer test with the mnemonics removed.
Reduced Mobility of Elastomers near a Solid Surface As Measured by Neutron Reflectometry

The effects of an interacting, hydrophobic silicon surface on the interfacial properties of the immiscible polymer blend polybutadiene (PB) and brominated poly(isobutylene-co-p-methylstyrene) (BIMS) were studied using neutron reflectivity (NR). The results show that an adsorbed polymer layer, approximately 2Rg (Rg is the radius of gyration) thick, is always present at the silicon interface. This observation confirms the existence of an immobile gel-like layer which was invoked by numerous authors to explain the reduced dynamics and anomalous rheological properties of polymers at long distances from interactive substrates. The attractive substrate was also shown to affect the equilibrium interfacial width between the immiscible polymers. Narrowing of the interfacial width was observed only when the layer adjacent to the silicon substrate was less than 3Rg thick, indicating that only chains in direct contact with the interface were affected.
Broadband astro-combs and the impact of nonlinear spectral broadening on sidemode suppression

We propose and analyze an approach to generating broadband astro-combs with 1 cm/s (∼10 kHz) calibration accuracy on astrophysical spectrographs. Implementation of these astro-combs requires a side-mode suppression of 60 dB before nonlinear spectral broadening.
A convenient way to double the capacity of a NEC type foil stripper

Abstract A convenient method is described to increase the capacity of a NEC type terminal stripper. This renders the necessity for tank entry to renew foils less frequent. This is especially useful when the use of heavy ion beams renders foil lifetimes very short.
An investigation of image-based task performance prediction

Human task performance with imaging sensors is characterized by perception experiments involving ensembles of observers viewing an ensemble of task relevant images from real sensors. Summary statistics from perception experiments are used, along with detailed descriptions of the sensors and early human vision processes to build predictive models such as NV-IPM. Use of these models typically requires knowledge of more than 100 specific parameters regarding the sensor, the viewing conditions, and the task. In this research we seek to do a blind prediction of task performance using task relevant image ensembles and image processing operations that produce statistically similar outputs to those obtained in real human perception experiments. We restrict our investigation to the task of identifying tracked vehicles. The data we seek to replicate through image processing are similarity matrices derived from the confusion matrices of actual perception experiments. This paper updates our work to date examining primarily the correspondence between several image processing approaches and perception data.
NMR Structural Studies of Membrane Proteins

The three-dimensional structures of membrane proteins are essential for understanding their functions, interactions and architectures. Their requirement for lipids has hampered structure determination by conventional approaches. With optimized samples, it is possible to apply solution NMR methods to small membrane proteins in micelles; however, lipid bilayers are the definitive environment for membrane proteins and this requires solid-state NMR methods. Newly developed solid-state NMR experiments enable completely resolved spectra to be obtained from uniformly isotopically labeled membrane proteins in phospholipid lipid bilayers. The resulting operational constraints can be used for the determination of the structures of membrane proteins.
Coupling of terminal alkynes by RuHXL2 (X = Cl or N(SiMe3)2, L = PiPr3)

Abstract The compounds RuL2HX, where L = PiPr3 and X = Cl or N(SiMe3)2, are catalyst precursors for dimerization of terminal alkynes to enynes and also to cumulenes at 23 °C; selectivity among these products is X-dependent, but not high. Conversion of Ru species onto the catalytic cycle was undetectably small, so alternative approaches to understanding the catalytic mechanism were employed: stoichiometric reactions, independent synthesis of candidate intermediates, and trapping with CO. These show the intermediacy of vinylidenes and vinyl compounds, and reveal conversion of cumulenes to the thermodynamically more stable enynes.
Improved Rotor Response of the Uprated High Pressure Oxygen Turbopump for the Space Shuttle Main Engine

A means of eliminating the subsynchronous rotor whirl encountered during the development testing of the high-pressure oxygen turbopump of the Space Shuttle Main Engine is proposed. The rotor response is improved by reducing the pump end bearing loads and adding damping between the rotor and housing. In the present method, the impeller annular seals are converted into damping seals and the second rotor critical speed is increased due to the added stiffness of the seal conversion and the stiffening of the rotor shaft.
The increasing medical malpractice risk related to pressure ulcers in the United States.

The development of pressure ulcers is a common adverse occurrence among hospital patients and nursing home residents. In recent years, there have been media reports of older plaintiffs winning up to $65 million from healthcare providers, related to the development of pressure ulcers. The passage of sweeping nursing home reform legislation as part of the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1987 (OBRA-87) may have influenced this trend. A review of identifiable federal and state legal databases was undertaken to investigate these issues. One hundred seventy-three lawsuits related to pressure ulcers were identified between 1937 and 1997, with all but 11 (6%) recorded in the last 15 years. Although the majority of cases were related to the development of pressure ulcers among nursing home residents, hospitals were a defendant in almost one-quarter of the cases. The median (range) number of cases identified annually increased significantly in the 5-year epochs before and after passage of OBRA-87 and increased again after publication of OBRA-87 regulations in 1992 (2 (2–4) vs 9 (5–15) vs 19 (16–23) cases per year, respectively, P < .0001), evidence that this law has had a broad impact on medical malpractice risk. In addition, the median (range) age of patients for whom a suit was brought also increased significantly before compared with after 1987 (48 (2–81) vs 72 (5–96) years, respectively, P = .0009), evidence that the law facilitated the ability of older adults to become plaintiffs in medical malpractice cases. The median (range) monetary settlement or judgment did not change significantly during the three 5-year epochs ($340,000 ($4000-$2,000,000) vs $168,000 ($2200-$2,000,000) vs $279,000 ($25,000-$65,000,000), respectively, P = .44), evidence that the OBRA-87 statutes and regulations established both a standard of care that should not be breached and a standard that can be achieved by healthcare providers. This article reviews these trends, provides examples of pressure ulcer cases, discusses the implications of these findings, and provides recommendations for minimizing this medical malpractice risk. J Am Geriatr Soc 48: 73–81, 2000.
Rheology of a suspension of particles in viscoelastic fluids

Abstract In this paper we study the bulk stress of a suspension of rigid particles in viscoelastic fluids. We first apply the theoretical framework provided by Batchelor [J. Fluid Mech. 41 (1970) 545] to derive an analytical expression for the bulk stress of a suspension of rigid particles in a second-order fluid under the limit of dilute and creeping flow conditions. The application of the suspension balance model using this analytical expression leads to the prediction of the migration of particles towards the centerline of the channel in pressure-driven flows. This is in agreement with experimental observations. We next examine the effects of inertia (or flow Reynolds number) on the rheology of dilute suspensions in Oldroyd-B fluids by two-dimensional direct numerical simulations. Simulation results are verified by comparing them with the analytical expression in the creeping flow limit. It is seen that the particle contribution to the first normal stress difference is positive and increases with the elasticity of the fluid and the Reynolds number. The ratio of the first normal stress coefficient of the suspension and the suspending fluid decreases as the Reynolds number is increased. The effective viscosity of the suspension shows a shear-thinning behavior (in spite of a non-shear-thinning suspending fluid) which becomes more pronounced as the fluid elasticity increases.
Darcy's law as long-time limit of adiabatic porous media flow

Abstract It is conjectured that Darcy's law governs the motion of compressible porous media flow in large time. This has been justified for one-dimensional isentropic flows. In this work, we show the conjecture is true for one-dimensional adiabatic flows with generic small smooth initial data.
Electronic Monitoring of Sex Offenders: Identifying Unanticipated Consequences and Implications

ABSTRACT In recent years, increased legislative attention has been given to strategies to supervise sex offenders in the community. Among other policies, several states have passed laws calling for the use of electronic monitoring technologies to supervise sex offenders in the community. When initially developed, this community-based sanction was designed for less serious offenders. As a result, probation and parole officers who have been using electronic monitoring technologies have likely had little exposure to the sex offender population. Alternatively, those who have historically worked with sex offenders have had little exposure to electronic monitoring strategies. In the end, those supervising sex offenders in the community will need to be familiar with two divergent areas (e.g., electronic monitoring and sex offending) as well as the potential consequences that arise when community-based sanctions are applied to groups of offenders who have traditionally been outside of the scope of these sanctions...
Cystic Fibrosis, Nutrition, and the Health Care Team

Abstract Because of the multiple systems involved in cystic fibrosis, the variability and chronicity of the disease, and the increased survival of this population, a specialty team of experts for care has evolved. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to assist patients and their families in adjusting to the disease and to optimize treatment interventions. The dietitian is responsible for assessment of nutritional status, including the determination of energy requirements and eating habits, interpretation of anthropometric data, and evaluation of nutritional adequacy. The nutrition care plan forms an integral part of the overall treatment objectives and is reported to other team members as it is devised, implemented, and monitored. A consensus report issued in April 1990 by the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation includes both general nutrition guidelines and detailed recommended treatment standards aimed at providing optimal nutrition care. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97(suppl 2):S186-S191 .
Attitudinal and consequential expectancies in behavioral decision making

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the degree to which persons distinguish between what are termed “attitudinal” and “distant consequence” expectancies, the conditions under which consequential expectancies predict behavior, and the effects of conflicting attitudinal and consequential expectancies. Attitudinal expectancies are beliefs about the immediate hedonic outcomes of behaving; consequential expectancies are beliefs about distant, nonsocially mediated behavioral outcomes. A simulation experiment was conducted in which, in a 3×3 design, subjects either were or were not given attitudinal and consequential information about hypothetical behaviors that either favored or did not favor performing the behaviors. A second experiment extended the first by using a real rather than a hypothetical decision dilemma and by manipulating attitudinal (and social support) versus consequential expectancies in a 2×3 design. The results of the two studies were nearly identical in supporting the attitude-distant consequence distinction and in demonstrating that consequential considerations are an important antecedent of behavioral decisions. The implications of these findings and of the expectancy theory/decision-making approach to the development of a broad theory of action are discussed.
Whole body hyperthermia preserves endothelial function and restores mesenteric blood flow after resuscitated hemorrhage

Endothelial dysfunction has been implicated in regional blood flow deficits after resuscitated shock. Whole body hyperthermia generates heat shock proteins (HSP) that attenuate protein denaturation and preserve cellular function. This study was performed to determine the effect of whole body hyperthermia on endothelial function and mesenteric blood flow after resuscitated hemorrhage. Sprague Dawley rats were hemorrhaged to 30% of blood volume and resuscitated with shed blood and an equal of volume of Ringer’s Lactate (Standard Resuscitation, SR). Intravital microscopy was used to determine first order arteriolar (A1) diameters and blood flow (QA1) in the neurovascularly intact ileum at baseline and 90 minutes post resuscitation (T90). Animals treated with SR and whole body hyperthermia (SR-H) were placed into a ventilated heating chamber following hemorrhage and resuscitation to achieve a temperature of 39.5–40°C for 6 hours. Identical microvascular studies were performed 18 hours later. Endothelial function was quantitated by measuring changes in vessel diameter to topical application of the endothelial dependent dilator acetylcholine (Ach, 10−5 M). A1 diameter is reported in microns and QA1 as nanoliters per second (+/− SEM). Tissue was taken from the ileum for HSP72 determination via Western analysis. This study demonstrated that whole body hyperthermia applied after resuscitated hemorrhage results in an upregulation of HSP expression that is associated with preserved endothelial function and restoration of mesenteric blood flow. These results suggest that whole body hyperthermia may serve as an adjunct to standard resuscitation in restoring blood flow and attenuating subsequent organ dysfunction. TABLE—ABSTRACT 19. Ach QA1 HSP72 Baseline SR 85 ± 5 161 ± 15 .124 ± .1 SR-H 90 ± 5 226 ± 17 .124 ± .1 T90 SR 48 ± 8 31 ± 7 .241 ± .1 SR-H 88 ± 5∗ 157 ± 20∗ .924 ± .2∗ ∗ P = <0.05 vs. T90 SR for ACH, QA1 and HSP72 by Student’s t test.
A Bayesian Heterogeneous Analysis of Variance Approach to Inferring Recent Selective Sweeps

The distribution of microsatellite allele sizes in populations aids in understanding the genetic diversity of species and the evolutionary history of recent selective sweeps. We propose a heterogeneous Bayesian analysis of variance model for inferring loci involved in recent selective sweeps by analyzing the distribution of allele sizes at multiple loci in multiple populations. Our model is shown to be consistent with a multilocus test statistic, ln RV, proposed for identifying microsatellite loci involved in recent selective sweeps. Our methodology differs in that it accepts original allele size data rather than summary statistics and allows the incorporation of prior knowledge about allele frequencies using a hierarchical prior distribution consisting of log normal and gamma probability distributions. Interesting features of the model are its ability to simultaneously analyze allele size data for any number of populations and to cope with the presence of any number of selected loci. The utility of the method is illustrated by application to two sets of microsatellite allele size data for a group of West African Anopheles gambiae populations. The results are consistent with the suppressed-recombination model of speciation, and additional candidate loci on chromosomes 2 (079 and 175) and 3 (088) are discovered that escaped former analysis.
Comparison of promoter suppression in avian and murine retrovirus vectors

Abstract Previously, we described "promoter suppression" in infectious retrovirus vectors with two genes and an internal promoter. Here, we examined several parameters of promoter suppression and found that the amount of suppression in an integrated retrovirus vector was dependent both on whether the vector was derived from spleen necrosis virus or murine leukemia virus and on which internal promoter was present in the vector. Murine leukemia virus vectors showed less suppression than analogous spleen necrosis virus vectors. Furthermore, the amount of suppression was not dependent on either the relative strengths of the promoters nor the distance between the promoters. Moreover, we found that in vectors in which one promoter was suppressed, there was an inverse correlation between the DNaseI sensitivity of the chromatin surrounding a promoter and the suppression of its expression.
Tax Neutrality and Social Welfare in a Comptutational General Equilibrium Framework

This article investigates the effects of distributionally neutral tax changes on equity and efficiency using computational general equilibrium and stochastic dominance techniques. The authors find, for a tax increase, that the constant-tax-share definition is preferred both in terms of efficiency and equity for a wide range of values of the elasticity of labor supply. For a tax decrease, the constant-after-tax-income definition dominates. For low elasticities of labor supply, no general welfare conclusions can be drawn, but under reasonable assumptions the constant-tax-share definition would be approved by a risk-averse median voter.
Recent warming inconsistent with natural association between temperature and atmospheric circulation over the last 2000 years

Abstract. Comparison between proxies for atmospheric circulation and temperature reveals associations over the last few decades that are inconsistent with those of the past 2000 years. Notably, patterns of middle to high latitude atmospheric circulation in both hemispheres are still within the range of variability of the last 6–10 centuries while, as demonstrated by Mann and Jones (2003), Northern Hemisphere temperatures over recent decades are the highest of the last 2000 years. Further, recent temperature change precedes change in middle to high latitude atmospheric circulation unlike the two most notable changes in climate of the past 2000 years during which change in atmospheric circulation preceded or coincided with change in temperature. In addition, the most prominent change in Southern Hemisphere temperature and atmospheric circulation of the past 2000, and probably 9000 years, precedes change in temperature and atmospheric circulation in the Northern Hemisphere unlike the recent change in Northern Hemisphere temperature that leads. These findings provide new verification that recent rise in temperature is inconsistent with natural climate variability and is most likely related to anthropogenic activity in the form of enhanced greenhouse gases. From our investigation we conclude that the delayed warming over much of the Southern Hemisphere may be, in addition to other factors, a consequence of underpinning by natural climate variability. Further bipolar comparison of proxy records of atmospheric circulation demonstrates that change in atmospheric circulation in the Southern Hemisphere led by 400 years, the most abrupt change in Northern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation of the last 9000 years. This finding may be highly relevant to understanding a future when warming becomes more fully established in the Southern Hemisphere.
Lysosome-targeted octadecyl-rhodamine B-liposomes enhance lysosomal accumulation of glucocerebrosidase in Gaucher's cells in vitro.

Aim: We hypothesized that liposomes modified with lysosomotropic octadecyl-rhodamine B (Rh) and loaded with therapeutic glucocerebroside velaglucerase alfa (VPRIV™) will improve lysosomal delivery of the enzyme into Gaucher’s cells. Materials & methods: Confocal microscopy and flow cytometry were used to evaluate the ability of Rh-modified liposomes loaded with VPRIV to improve the lysosomal targeting in monocyte-derived macrophages and Gaucher’s fibroblasts. Results: Confocal microscopy demonstrated that Rh-modified liposomes localized primarily in the lysosomes. As confirmed by flow cytometry using specific substrate 5-(pentafluorobenzoylamino)fluorescein diglucoside, intralysosomal accumulation of VPRIV in the cells treated with Rh-modified liposomes was significantly increased (up to 68%) relative to the cells treated with plain liposomes or free VPRIV. Conclusion: Rh-modified lysosomotropic liposomes can improve lysosomal accumulation of liposomal enzymes both in nonphagocytic Gaucher’s fibroblasts a...
A two snapshot algorithm for concurrency control in multi-level secure databases

A concurrency control algorithm for replicated, secure, multilevel databases is presented. Multiversion and replicated databases can avoid starvation problems without introducing indirect channels by maintaining stable copies of old low-level data values for use by high-level transactions. The algorithm presented improves on two comparable techniques, a direct multiversion approach of T. F. Keefe and W. T. Tsai and the full replication scheme of S. Jajodia and B. Kogan (both in Proc. 1990 IEEE Symp. on Res. In Security & Privacy, May 1990). In the latter, each security level has a container that holds a copy of all lower-level data. It is shown that only a constant number of old copies (two, as it turns out) must be maintained. The correctness of the algorithm is argued, and it is demonstrated that the algorithm is free of indirect channels and starvation. >
Morphological heterogeneity of CA1 pyramidal neurons in response to ischemia

We have found, based on the electrophysiological properties, two subtypes of CA1 pyramidal neurons in the CA1 region of the normal hippocampus, late postsynaptic potential (L-PSP) neurons and non-L-PSP neurons. In addition, our previous study has shown that the electrophysiological properties of these two subtypes of pyramidal neurons were differentially modified after ischemia. In the present study, we hypothesized that ischemia might also induce different morphological alterations in these two subtypes of neuron. To test the hypothesis, we compared the changes in the dendritic arborization and soma volume of these two subtypes of neurons in rats subjected to transient global ischemia. We found a significant decrease in the basal dendritic length of L-PSP neurons at 12 hr after reperfusion, resulting mainly from a significant decrease in the dendrite terminal length. The apical dendritic length of L-PSP neurons markedly increased at 24 hr after ischemia, resulting mainly from an increase in the number of branching arbors in the middle part of the apical dendritic trees. The soma size of L-PSP neurons was significantly reduced at 12 hr, but they became slightly larger at 24 hr and 48 hr after reperfusion. In contrast to L-PSP neurons, non-L-PSP neurons showed slight modifications in the dendritic arborization but had persistent swelling of their soma after ischemia. These results indicate that pathological changes in these two subtypes of neurons are different after ischemia.
SPECIFIC CO-ABSORPTION OF PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES BY MONTMORILLONITE (CLAY-ORGANIC STUDIES XV)

The co-absorptions of various purines and pyrimidines from aqueous solutions by Na- and Ca-montmorillonite are studied in the range of pH 1-6. The pyrimidines, thymine and uracil, which are not absorbed from solutions of these compounds alone, are appreciably absorbed from solutions containing also adenine or 2,6-diaminopurine, are weakly absorbed from solutions containing hypo- xanthine, and are not absorbed from solutions containing purine, cytosine, and caffeine. The specific co-absorption is tentatively attributed to hydrogen-bond formation between the molecules in solution rather than to an overlapping of the molecular configurations (vertical stacking). The montmorillonite- organic associations have a basal spacing of about 12.5 -~ which permits only a single molecular layer between successive silicate layers.
Final results from the MISSE5 GaAs on Si solar cell experiment

GaAs on Si (GaAs/Si) solar cells with AM0 efficiencies in excess of 17% have been demonstrated using Si substrates coated with a step-graded buffer of SixGe1-x alloys graded to 100% Ge. A year of LEO testing of this technology aboard Materials International Space Station Experiment number 5 (MISSE5) was recently competed. Electrical performance data, sun angle and thermal conditions measured on-orbit, were telemetered to ground stations daily. Ground based measurements following flight were performed on both 1cm2 and 4 cm2 GaAs/GaAs and GaAs/Si devices. The smaller area GaAs/Si cells showed low degradation rates for Isc, while all other cell parameters were comparable to control cells. However, the larger area GaAs/Si devices, while demonstrating similarly low Voc and FF degradation, demonstrated a larger than expected decrease in Isc. Comparison of pre and post flight QE data suggests the decrease in Isc for the large area cell may result from reduced cell active area rather than a degradation in material properties. Ground based thermal cycle testing did not replicate these results, thus differences in mounting techniques and materials may have contributed to the degradation observed on orbit for the large area device in this initial on-orbit test. Crack free GaAs/Si based devices have been demonstrated and offer a mitigation strategy for microcrack degradation.
SH2-B family members differentially regulate JAK family tyrosine kinases.

Activation of JAK tyrosine kinases is an essential step in cell signaling by multiple hormones, cytokines, and growth factors, including growth hormone (GH) and interferon-gamma. Previously, we identified SH2-B beta as a potent activator of JAK2 (Rui, L., and Carter-Su, C. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 96, 7172-7177). Here, we investigated whether the activation of JAK2 by SH2-B beta is specific to JAK2 and SH2-B beta or extends to other JAKs or other members of the SH2-B beta family. When SH2-B beta was overexpressed with JAK1 or JAK3, SH2-B beta failed to increase their activity. However, SH2-B beta bound to both and was tyrosyl-phosphorylated by JAK1. In contrast to SH2-B beta, APS decreased tyrosyl phosphorylation of GH-stimulated JAK2 as well as Stat5B, a substrate of JAK2. APS also decreased tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK1, but did not affect the activity or tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK3. Overexpressed APS bound to and was tyrosyl-phosphorylated by all three JAKs. Consistent with these data, in 3T3-F442A adipocytes, endogenous APS was tyrosyl-phosphorylated in response to GH and interferon-gamma. These results suggest that 1) SH2-B beta specifically activates JAK2, 2) APS negatively regulates both JAK2 and JAK1, and 3) both SH2-B beta and APS may serve as adapter proteins for all three JAKs independent of any role they have in JAK activity.
Unified approach to control point detection and stereo disparity computation

We consider two problems: first, the problem of detection of objects in images of 3D planetary terrain; second, the task of finding corresponding points for stereo matching of this type of images. We propose an approach that is simultaneously applicable to both problem areas. The approach uses a bank of filters based on different 2D Gabor functions. By detection we mean locating multiple classes of targets with distortions present and in a cluttered background. It is desirable to minimize false alarms due to clutter, image noise, and the presence of other objects. In the scenario of stereo matching, the pixel location where we search for the corresponding point is the target, while all ambiguous matches are non-targets. In this work, we use Gabor filter banks in two versions. First, for fast detection of targets, the single filter outputs of the bank are fused by linear combination. Second, for stereo matching, the outputs of the filters form a feature vector used to find the best match. We refer to both types of filters as a macro Gabor filter. In the linear combination case, the filter bank forms a single filter. This filter is correlated with an input image, followed by local maximum detection, and thresholding to yield the finally detected targets. The new aspects are: combining real and imaginary parts of GFs into one filter using centered on off-center GFs, separately optimizing the fusion coefficients of the GFs by controlling the shape of the correlation outputs of each filter alone, and the application to two different scenarios.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Phospholipide turnover in microsomal membranes of the pancreas during enzyme secretion.

After incubation of pigeon pancreas slices with P32 and isolation of various fractions by differential centrifugation the deoxycholate extract of the microsome fraction was found to account for over half of the phospholipide P and over half of the P32 incorporated into the phospholipides. The remaining phospholipide P and P32 were fairly evenly distributed in the nuclei, zymogen granules, mitochondria, microsomal ribonucleoprotein particles, and the soluble fraction. When enzyme secretion was stimulated with acetylcholine about two-thirds of the increment in radioactivity in the total phospholipides was found in deoxycholate soluble components of the microsome fraction. The remainder of the increment was distributed in the other fractions. This indicates that the cellular component in which the increase in phospholipide turnover occurs on stimulation of secretion is a membranous structure. Evidence is presented which indicates that the increment in radioactivity in the non-microsomal fractions on stimulation of secretion is due to contamination of these fractions with fragments of the stimulated membranous structure. The distribution of P32 radioactivity in each of the chromatographically separated phospholipides in the various fractions from unstimulated tissue paralleled the distribution of radioactivity in the total phospholipide fraction, indicating that individual phospholipides are not concentrated in different fractions but are associated together in the membranous structures of the microsome fraction. The major proportion of the stimulation of the turnover of the individual phospholipides also occurred in the microsome fraction. The distribution of radioactivity from glycerol-1-C14 in the total phospholipides and in the individual phospholipides in the various fractions was similar to the distribution of P32. In the microsome fraction acetylcholine stimulated the incorporation of glycerol-1-C14 in each phospholipide which showed a stimulation of P32 incorporation. The significance of the turnover of phosphatides in microsomal membranes in relation to the mechanism of secretion is discussed.
Predicting clearing of post-traumatic amnesia following closed-head injury.

The ability to predict the resolution of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) early in the course of acute rehabilitation was studied in a sample of 98 closed-head injury (CHI) patients admitted for acute rehabilitation. The subjects' age, length of coma, time post-injury and Orientation Group Monitoring System (OGMS) subscale and aggregate scores were evaluated for the ability to predict if and when a patient would clear PTA. The results indicated that the combination of time post-injury and week one OGMS aggregate score provided the best prediction of whether and when PTA would clear. A shorter time from injury to acute rehabilitation was a positive prognostic indicator, accounting for more variance than either age or duration of coma. Whereas the aggregate OGMS score was a better indicator than any of the subscale scores, the results also suggested that specific aspects of cognition have differential predictive power, which may derive from different types of injury to the brain. Although the prediction model w...
Anthony David of Baghdad, Scribe and Monk of Mar Sabas: Arabic in the Monasteries of Palestine

Forty years ago George Every called the attention of the scholarly world to the likelihood that in the oriental patriarchates after the time of John of Damascus the Arabic language increasingly became the language of the Melkite, or Roman ( rūmī ), community of Christians in the caliphate. They came to use Arabic, Every suggested, not only for scholarly purposes, but even for the divine liturgy, at least for the Scripture lessons. 1 In the years since Every made these observations it has become increasingly clear that not only was there such an increase in the use of Arabic in the church during the first Abbasid century, but that the crescendo in the use of Arabic went hand in hand with the diminishment of Greek as a language of church scholarship in the monasteries of the Holy Land from early Abbasid times, perhaps even until the Ottoman period, when the so-called “Rūm Millet” reintroduced the control of Greek speakers in the Jerusalem patriarchate. 2 Accordingly, one might speak of the first flowering of Christian life in Arabic in the Holy Land as having occurred during the three centuries stretching from 750, the beginning of the Abbasid caliphate, to around the year 1050, the eve of the crusader period in Near Eastern history. 3 And the documentary evidence for the literary activity of the Holy Land monks who wrote in Arabic during this period is largely the archive of “old south Palestinian texts” which Joshua Blau studied for his Grammar of Chrtstian Arabic. 4
The Federal Reserve's Coalition in Congress

The Federal Reserve’s coalition in Congress changes over time with the mandate the Federal Reserve (Fed) is pursuing. When the Fed is fighting inflation, the Right supports it while the Left attacks it. When the Fed’s focus shifts to reviving employment, the coalitions reverse and the Left supports the Fed while the Right attacks it. I analyze a new dataset of all congressional legislative proposals since 1973 that would reduce the Fed’s political independence from Congress. I find that cosponsors of these “anti-Fed” proposals move from left to right as the Fed’s priority shifts from price stability to full employment. I also examine roll-call voting on an anti-Fed proposal that was approved in the House in 2012. Voting patterns on this “Audit the Fed” proposal reveal that the Fed’s congressional coalition is now solidly left-wing, with attacks emanating from the Right. This reflects a combination of macroeconomic conditions – reducing unemployment has been the Fed’s priority during the Great Recession – and the Right’s antipathy to the Fed’s support of foreign central banks during the financial crisis.
An overview of ERP in Indian Production Firms

Over the past nearly two decades, firms have increasingly invested in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems to manage their information needs. Firms in developed countries account for the bulk of ERP deployments worldwide. In the past few years there has been increasing penetration of ERP in developing countries. The extent of ERP implementations among firms in developed countries is a well researched issue. In contrast, very few studies have examined the extent of ERP deployments in developing countries. In this study, we address the above research gap by presenting a rigorous empirical assessment of ERP implementations in Indian production firms. The implementation status of different ERP modules, performance benefits and the influence of critical success factors (CSFs) are key issues examined in this study.
Ω-deformed SYM on a Gibbons-Hawking space

We study an $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ , pure U(1) SYM theory on a Gibbons-Hawking space Ω-deformed using the U(1) isometry. The resultant 3D theory, after an appropriate “Nekrasov-Witten” change of variables, is asymptotically equivalent to the undeformed theory at spatial infinity but differs from it as one approaches the NUT centers which are fixed points under the U(1) action. The 3D theory may be recast in the form of a generalized hyperkahler sigma model introduced in [1] where the target space is a one-parameter family of hyperkahler spaces. The hyperkahler fibers have a preferred complex structure which for the deformed theory depends on the parameter of Ω-deformation. The metric on the hyperkahler fiber can be reduced to a standard metric on $$ \mathrm{\mathbb{C}}\times {T}^2 $$ with the modular parameter of the torus depending explicitly on the Ω-deformation parameter. The contribution of the NUT center to the sigma model path integral, expected to be a holomorphic section of a holomorphic line bundle over the target space on grounds of supersymmetry, turns out to be a Jacobi theta function in terms of certain “deformed” variables.
My Quinn Lee Story

In 2002 this story won second place in the clinical legal education association’s annual creative writing contest. The story examines the value of using stories to cope with death and other rational and irrational fears. My father constructed a story to cope with the loss of his grandfather. He later used the characters he created in that story to teach me lessons about tolerance and caution growing up. When my father died, I wrote this story with my father's characters to come to terms with his death.
Insulation Level and Test Technology of 1000kV Power Transformers

The insulation coordination for the first 1000 kV power transmission project in China is studied and decided under the optimization principle, it is not a simply extrapolation of that for 500 kV power transmission system and is nor completely in accordance with the standards of GB311.1-1997 and IEC60071-1-1993. The insulation level of 1000 kV power transformer adheres to following items: the lightning impulse withstand voltage is 2250kV; the switching impulse withstand voltage is 1800 kV; and the power frequency withstand voltage is 1100 kV/5min. Due to the differences among the insulation levels and insulation test voltages for different windings of UHV power transformer and the close electromagnetic coupling among the windings of UHV power transformer, the power frequency and impulse test voltages are transmitted among these windings by the transformer ratio, thus it is bound to bring about the condition that the insulation design for some conductor terminals can not be checked by the test voltage specified in the technical specification. Besides, due to the high voltage class, high capacity and super size of UHV power transformer, the size of its test circuit is correspondingly enlarged, the impacts of stray inductance and capacitance will be more intense consequentially, thus it makes the front time of voltage waveform in lighting impulse test elongated, however, the design and calculation are generally conducted according to standard waveform, thus in the isolation design of UHV power transformer the attention should be paid to the impact of long front time test voltage. In this paper, the structural features and insulation level of power transformer for 1000 kV power transmission project in China as well as special problems during the insulation test are presented in detail.
Evaluation of acid detergent insoluble nitrogen as an indicator of protein quality in nonforage proteins.

Two trials were conducted to determine the adequacy of ADIN as an indicator of N digestibility. In Trial 1, eight nonforage plant protein sources were heated at 150 degrees C for 90 min in the presence of xylose (12.8% of CP, DM basis) to produce heat damage. Thirty-four wethers (average BW 40 kg +/- 9.9) were used to determine the effect of heat on N digestibility. Differences in ADIN were evident among the protein sources, and no significant heat x protein source interaction was observed for N digestibility. Apparent N digestibilities were reduced (P < .001) for all protein sources by heat treatment. Acid detergent insoluble N and N digestibility were correlated (r2 = .66). However, the assumption that ADIN was completely indigestible led to underestimation of N digestibility: approximately 58% of the ADIN was digestible in these feeds. In Trial 2, seven dried distillers grains from different distilling plants were tested for N digestibility using 24 wethers (average BW 35 kg +/- 3.6). Visual differences in color indicated possible differences in degree of heating in these feeds. The ADIN contents were quite variable among these feeds; however, there were no differences in N digestibility. The correlation between ADIN and N digestibility was weak (r2 = .24). These results indicate that ADIN values in nonforage protein sources predicted more protein damage than that estimated by in vivo N digestibility values.
Integrable highest weight modules: the character formula

The central result of this chapter is the character formula for an integrable highest weight module L(Λ) over a Kac-Moody algebra, which plays a key role in further considerations. We also study the region of convergence of characters, prove a complete reducibility theorem and find a product decomposition for the “q-dimension” of L(Λ).
Experimental Research in Classrooms

Publisher Summary The term “evidence-based research” has come to be something of a loaded term because of the political context surrounding discussions of what constitutes high-quality educational research. Discussions about the nature and quality of educational research go back a number of years but the passage of the No Child Left Behind Act and the Education Sciences Reform Act brought national attention to these discussions. The National Academy of Science's Committee on Scientific Principles for Education Research concluded that educational research is the subject to the same scientific methods as other fields. The goal of experimentation is to determine if differences between groups can be attributed to the treatment provided to one group and the absence of that treatment in the other group. The researcher attempts to attribute causality for observed effects to the presence/absence of a treatment. Random selection of participants for inclusion in an experiment can be an important aspect of experimentation, as it limits the possibility of selection bias. Because changes on many variables occur throughout the course of the research, and many variables are not controlled, attributions of effects to particular variables or constellations of variables cannot be done. The term experiment has more recently given way to design research or design-based research, a change that removed some of the confusions associated with the methodology. The research on cooperative learning is an example of what we can learn from classroom experiments. Current research on cooperative and collaborative learning draws upon an extensive literature accumulated over time.
An efficient preprocessing approach for uncertainty consideration in microgrids

Uncertainty considerations in microgrid operation and planning are of significant importance as uncertain factors can potentially alter the operator's decisions. New mathematical approaches, such as robust optimization, are commonly adopted to capture uncertainties and ensure practicality. However, this added practicality is at the expense of increased problem size and computational complexity. This paper presents a detailed discussion and analysis of prevailing uncertainties in microgrid operation and planning, and accordingly proposes a new preprocessing approach to integrate uncertainties while reducing computational requirements. Numerical simulations exhibit the merits of the proposed approach over the commonly used robust optimization method from the execution time and practicality perspectives.
The Effect of Computerized Testing on Sun Bear Behavior and Enrichment Preferences.

The field of comparative cognition investigates species’ differences and similarities in cognitive abilities, and sheds light on the evolutionary origins of such capacities. Cognitive testing has been carried out in a variety of species; however, there are some taxa that are underrepresented in this field. The current work follows on a recent increase in cognitive research in the order Carnivora with a specific focus on sun bears. Sun bears are the smallest existing bear species and live in tropical regions of Southeast Asia. They have an omnivorous diet and use their tongues to forage for insects and sap. Little is known about sun bear cognition, although much like other bear species, anecdotes suggest a high level of intelligence. The current work explored training sun bears to use a touchscreen computer. This effort allows for insight into cognitive abilities as well as providing a complex source of enrichment for the bears. The bears use their tongues to respond to a touchscreen computer, and the effects on stereotypic behaviors on exhibit and preference for this over other forms of enrichment were examined. Overall, bears performed well on the task and showed a preference for the computer.
Towards imperceptible redirected walking: integrating a distractor into the immersive experience

Physically walking in a virtual world has been repeatedly demonstrated to be superior to navigation with game controllers and the like. The problem is that virtual worlds are often much larger than the available physical space. Redirected walking, a technique in which the users orientation in the physical space is constantly and imperceptibly changed from their orientation in the virtual world, has been shown to be an effective technique for walking in a limited physical space [Razzaque et al. 2001], but it needs frequent and rapid head rotation to keep the reorientation changes imperceptible. A rapidly moving object in the environment, a distractor, has been shown to be effective at inspiring the users to rapidly rotate their head, but such a distractor can be distracting to the user's main activity in the virtual world. We introduce the notion of the distractor being integrated into the user's main activity in the virtual world - in our example, a fire-breathing dragon into an immersive adventure game. With such an integrated character, the users do not need any special instructions about redirected walking; they are simply performing their intended activities. We report the results of a small (N=24) user study which indicates that for the majority of subjects (17 of 24) the illusion is maintained of unconstrained walking in a very large area (a full-sized basketball court, 45 × 90 feet) even while they were limited to a small, 16 × 16 feet region. We speculate that this technique may extend to many other applications in which the distractor can be integrated into the major immersive activity and thus enable the illusion of natural, unconstrained walking in large virtual worlds even when only a small physical space is available.
Theoretical and methodological trends of agenda-setting theory: A thematic analysis of the last four decades of research

Through a thematic meta-analysis, the current study examined theoretical, topical, and methodological trends of agenda-setting research over time from 1972 through 2015. Research trends, topics, media, methods, and utilization of other theories in agendasetting studies were discussed along with the evolution of the theoretical map of agenda-setting studies. Findings indicated that the number of agenda-setting research studies has been increasing over time, along with the expansion of research topics, media, methods, and use of other theories. This study provided a general overview of agenda-setting studies as well as new insights for future research trends and directions.