cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DYNAMIC POWDER CRYSTALLOGRAPHY WITH SYNCHROTRON X-RAY SOURCES

The increased brightness, tunability, low divergence and low emittance of X-ray beams available at synchrotron X-ray sources facilitate a variety of powder-diffraction experiments not practical using conventional in-house sources. Furthermore, the increased availability of fast position-sensitive detectors, along with implementation of improved software, make possible new classes of experiments. These include time-resolved powder-diffraction of phase transitions, precipitation, recrystallization a nd ion-exchange reactions. Examples of time-resolved studies that highlight some of these developments include: (1) observations of the phases forming during reaction under controlled hydrothermal conditions ( e.g., FeS); (2) full Rietveld structure refinement using time-resolved data to determine the mechanism of ion exchange in zeolites. The advent of area detectors, commonly coupled with focusing optics at synchrotrons, will further increase the time resolution at the synchrotron, possibly leading to a data glut. Solutions are available now, and developments in the near term will allow semi-automatic decisions on which datasets to analyze amongst the thousands collected.
Multiple facets for dynamic information flow

JavaScript has become a central technology of the web, but it is also the source of many security problems, including cross-site scripting attacks and malicious advertising code. Central to these problems is the fact that code from untrusted sources runs with full privileges. We implement information flow controls in Firefox to help prevent violations of data confidentiality and integrity. Most previous information flow techniques have primarily relied on either static type systems, which are a poor fit for JavaScript, or on dynamic analyses that sometimes get stuck due to problematic implicit flows, even in situations where the target web application correctly satisfies the desired security policy. We introduce faceted values, a new mechanism for providing information flow security in a dynamic manner that overcomes these limitations. Taking inspiration from secure multi-execution, we use faceted values to simultaneously and efficiently simulate multiple executions for different security levels, thus providing non-interference with minimal overhead, and without the reliance on the stuck executions of prior dynamic approaches.
Structural and dynamic characterization of an unfolded state of poplar apo‐plastocyanin formed under nondenaturing conditions

Plastocyanin is a predominantly β-sheet protein containing a type I copper center. The conformational ensemble of a denatured state of apo-plastocyanin formed in solution under conditions of low salt and neutral pH has been investigated by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Chemical shift assignments were obtained by using three-dimensional triple-resonance NMR experiments to trace through-bond heteronuclear connectivities along the backbone and side chains. The 3JHN,Hα coupling constants, 15N-edited proton–proton nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs), and 15N relaxation parameters were also measured for the purpose of structural and dynamic characterization. Most of the residues corresponding to β-strands in the folded protein exhibit small upfield shifts of the 13Cα and 13CO resonances relative to random coil values, suggesting a slight preference for backbone dihedral angles in the β region of (ϕ,ψ) space. This is further supported by the presence of strong sequential dαN(i, i + 1) NOEs throughout the sequence. The few dNN(i, i + 1) proton NOEs that are observed are mostly in regions that form loops in the native plastocyanin structure. No medium or long-range NOEs were observed. A short sequence, between residues 59 and 63, was found to populate a nonnative helical conformation in the unfolded state, as indicated by the shift of the 13Cα, 13CO, and 1Hα resonances relative to random coil values and by the decreased values of the 3JHN,Hα coupling constants. The 15N relaxation parameters indicate restriction of motions on a nanosecond timescale in this region. Intriguingly, this helical conformation is present in a sequence that is close to but not in the same location as the single short helix in the native folded protein. The results are consistent with earlier NMR studies of peptide fragments of plastocyanin and confirm that the regions of the sequence that form β-strands in the native protein spontaneously populate the β-region of (ϕ,ψ) space under folding conditions, even in the absence of stabilizing tertiary interactions. We conclude that the state of apo-plastocyanin present under nondenaturing conditions is a noncompact unfolded state with some evidence of nativelike and nonnative local structuring that may be initiation sites for folding of the protein.
Reflex UroVysion Testing in Suspicious Urine Cytology Cases

BACKGROUND: UroVysion is a US Food and Drug Administration–approved fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe set for use in the detection of recurrent urothelial carcinoma and in patients with hematuria. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the usefulness of UroVysion as a reflex test in patients with a suspicious urine cytology diagnosis. The rationale was that a more aggressive workup might be indicated in patients with a suspicious cytology diagnosis and positive UroVysion test. METHODS: The study population included 161 urine specimens diagnosed as suspicious over a period of 12 months. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (NPV) were calculated based on the histologic and cystoscopic correlation. RESULTS: The results using the reporting criteria suggested by the manufacturer demonstrated a sensitivity of 68.3%, a specificity of 39.7%, a PPV of 56.8%, and a NPV of 51.9%. The results using the presence of any cytogenetic abnormality as a positive FISH test demonstrated a sensitivity of 82.9%, a specificity of 21.7%, a PPV of 54.8%, and an NPV of 51.7%. CONCLUSIONS: A negative UroVysion test did not rule out the presence of low-grade or high-grade urothelial carcinoma in urine specimens diagnosed as suspicious. The use of less strict criteria dramatically increased the sensitivity of UroVysion FISH; however, there was a marked decrease in specificity noted. The results in this current study appear to indicate that a more aggressive workup of patients with a suspicious cytology, positive UroVysion result, and negative cystoscopic evaluation is not currently justified. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Has There Been a Twentieth-Century Consumer Durables Revolution?

EXAMINATION of approximately a score of U.S. economic history texts indicates that the hypothesis of a change in the structure of consumer preferences in favor of durable goods in the twentieth century, and thereby in the product structure of consumption, has strongly influenced economic historians. By implication, the alleged structural change is unique to the twentieth century.1 This impression relies upon the treatment of durables expenditures by almost all of that minority of textbook writers who address themselves to the general topic of consumption. Usually, the structure of consumer expenditures is described by these writers in terms of a conventional classification into durables, nondurables, and services, or something similar. Then a hypothesis about structural change is stated, support for which is found in either intuition or some statistical data. The alleged change is usually found to have had its inception in the 1920's and to have grown since.2
Signal-domain registration for change detection in Time-Reversal SAR

Change detection is a well-studied area of radar, involving the coherent comparison of two or more images. This is an important tool used to aid in surveillance, battle damage assessment, and other monitoring applications. For many of these applications, registration of the processed SAR imagery is sufficient, as opposed to registration of the raw signal-domain data. Time reversal SAR, however, is an adaptive waveform transmission technique for SAR that requires coherent processing of the data before image formation algorithms are applied. Change detection for TR-SAR, then, must be performed as a pre-processing step. Ideally, the two change detection data collections would occur over the same trajectory and antenna positions, but this is not practical, and signal registration methods, rather than post-processing image registration, need to be developed and used to compensate for variations in the antenna's positions. In this work, we perform registration in the pre-processing stage, i.e., in the signal domain rather than in the image domain. We consider change detection in a mono-static TR-SAR scenario with the SAR antenna mounted on a linear railing, derive a model for the variations in trajectory positions between the two data collections, present our pre-processing methods, and verify them with experimental data.
Robust adaptive beamforming algorithm based on neural network

Adaptive beamforming is known to have resolution and interference rejection capability when the array steering vector is precisely known. However, the performance of adaptive beamforming techniques may degrade severely in the presence of mismatches between the assumed array response and the true array response. In this paper, we propose a novel neural network approach to robust adaptive beamforming. The proposed algorithm is based on explicit modeling of uncertainty in the desired signal array response and a three-layer radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), which belongs to the class of diagonal loading approaches. In the proposed algorithm, the computation of the optimum weight vector is viewed as a mapping problem, which can be modeled using a RBFNN trained with input/output pairs. The proposed algorithm has nearly optimal performance under good conditions, provides the robustness against the signal steering vector mismatches and makes the mean output array SINR consistently close to the optimal one. Simulation results validate substantial performance improvements relative to other adaptive beamforming methods.
Feasibility of Using Remote Sensing Techniques to Detect Spider Mite Damage in Stone Fruit Orchards

To investigate the feasibility of using remote sensing to detect pest damage in stone fruit orchards, we estimated spider mite damage of 392 tree canopies in 2006 and of 1153 leaves in 2007 in nine peach orchards in California. We used Partial Least Squares regression to correlate the spectral reflectance between 350 and 2500 nm of all trees and leaves with mite damage. We tested nine published indices and normalized difference reflectance indices calculated from the most significant wavebands for correlation with mite damage. Significant bands appeared in the blue/near UV and red parts of the spectrum for both datasets. The most promising band combinations for predicting mite damage were 390 and 651 nm for canopies and 687 and 744 nm for leaves. Substantial scatter in the dataset and significant effects of sampling site and season will have to be overcome, before this technique can be applied in practice.
Multidisciplinary Management of Early-Stage Rectal Cancer

Because patients with locally advanced rectal cancer are at high risk for both recurrence and distant disease, they require adjuvant therapy. In the United States, the current standard of care is neoadjuvant chemoradiation followed by surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Neoadjuvant chemoradiation has been shown to improve local recurrence rates and decrease toxicity. However in the era of total mesorectal excision surgery, no study has shown a survival benefit to either chemoradiation or postoperative chemotherapy. Newer biologic therapies, although promising in initial early trials, have yet to show a significant benefit in adjuvant therapy for rectal cancer.
When Medical Expertise Meets Record Expertise: The Practices of Patient Accessible Medical Records in China

Recent consumer, private sector, and governmental health informatics initiatives outline patient accessible medical records (PAMR) as key for engaging patients and supporting patient-clinician communication. However, many challenges have been encountered in designing usable digital systems for patients to access and use their medical records. Barriers to such systems include social, cultural, and policy constraints in addition to usability problems. In particular, questions of expertise, responsibility, and ownership surrounding medical records are often hotly contested between medical professionals and healthcare organizations. In broaching the design challenge of PAMR, much can be learned from examining existing practices for patient carried and accessible records in contexts where these practices are well established. We examine practices surrounding PAMR in a setting where medical records have long been managed by patients: the Chinese healthcare system. Through close examination of managing medical records and sharing medical health information, we find that these personal record practices in China enable a two-way medical records sharing practice between patients and their providers, which fundamentally reconfigures the patient role in healthcare process, facilitates development of ‘record expertise’ on the part of patients, and joint responsibility for health management. We use these findings to illuminate the potential benefits of PAMR, and to offer design considerations to optimize future systems design and deployment efforts in other contexts.
PROSPECTS FOR P-WAVE PAIRED BARDEEN-COOPER-SCHRIEFFER STATES OF FERMIONIC ATOMS

We present theoretical prospects for creating p-wave paired BCS states of magnetic trapped fermionic atoms. Based on our earlier proposal of using dc electric fields to control both the strength and anisotropic characteristic of atom-atom interaction and our recently completed multi-channel atomic collision calculations we discover that p-wave pairing with $^{40}$K and $^{82,84,86}$Rb in the low field seeking maximum spin polarized state represent excellent choices for achieving superfluid BCS states; and may be realizable with current technology in laser cooling, magnetic trapping, and evaporative/sympathetic cooling, provided the required strong electric field can be applied. We also comment on the prospects of similar p-wave paired BCS states in $^{6}$Li, and more generally on creating other types exotic BCS states. Our study will open a new area in the vigorous pursuit to create a quantum degenerate fermionic atom vapor.
Folksonomy Formation

Tags, words or short phrases attached to items on the Internet, organize the social Web. Unlike expert-maintained taxonomies such as the Dewey Decimal Classification, tags evolve organically based on the collective action of individual users. The collection of tags in a tagging system, called a folksonomy, can vary widely from site to site. The paper mentions that the combination of eager taggers and intelligent algorithms that nurture effective tagging behavior promises a bright future for tagging systems.
EFFECT OF BELONOLAIMUS LONGICAUDATUSON ROOT PARAMETERS OF ST. AUGUSTINE GRASS CULTIVARS

In Florida, St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum) is the most commonly used turfgrass species. Sting nematode (Belonolaimus longicaudatus) is recognized as a limiting factor to St. Augustinegrass in Florida, where ‘Floratam’, a polyploid, is the predominant cultivar; although the use of new diploid cultivars is increasing. The objective of this study was to evaluate the root response of three cultivars, Floratam, and two diploid cultivars ‘Palmetto’ and ‘Captiva’ grown in plastic pots containing 650 cm3 of sand in a greenhouse to inoculation with 0, 50, or 300B. longicaudatus/pot. Ninety days after inoculation, nematodes were extracted from the complete soil volume of the pots and counted. Roots were washed clean of soil, scanned, and root lengths, mean root diameters, and mean root volume were measured. All cultivars were good hosts for B. longicaudatus, ‘Palmetto’ supported higher population densities than the other cultivars at the 50 nematode inoculation rate only. There were differences in reproductive factor (Rf) among the inoculation rates, where the 50 nematode inoculation rate (Pi) had an Rf of 0.52, and the 300 nematode inoculation rate had an Rf of 1.84. At Pi 300, the non-infested treatment had greater root lengths than inoculated for all cultivars, demonstrating that B. longicaudatus has a significant effect on St. Augustinegrass root development. Root diameter and volume were not affected by inoculation with B. longicaudatus. Root diameter and volume were higher for Floratam than for Palmetto or Captiva. Palmetto had greater root length than the other cultivars.
Electrophysiology of the Rabbit Oviduct Following Tubal Microsurgery

The ability of tuboplastic microsurgery to restore electrical continuity across an anastomosis site was investigated in the rabbit. Three to six weeks following transection and end-to-end anastomosis of the tubal ampulla or isthmus, the pattern of electrical activity adjacent to and across the anastomosis site was examined. Recordings were made in vitro using arrays of closely spaced suction electrodes 68 to 72 hours after an ovulating dose of human chorionic gonadotropin. The pattern of electrical activity across anastomosis sites was not significantly different from corresponding portions of unoperated control oviducts. Microsurgical anastomosis restored electrical continuity between anastomosed segments in both the ampulla and isthmus.
High-performance nanopapers based on benzenesulfonic functionalized graphenes

High-performance graphene nanopapers are prepared from an aqueous solution of functional graphenes with benzenesulfonic acid groups via covalent bonds. The formed hydrophobic graphene nanopapers showed the highest tensile strength of 360 MPa and Young’s modulus of 102 GPa for samples with 13.7 wt % functional group and annealed at 150 °C. These samples showed a high electrical conductivity of 4.45 × 104 S/m after being annealed at 250 °C. The aforementioned properties of graphene nanopapers are much higher than any previously reported data. The properties of nanopapers depend on the degree of functionality on graphenes and the annealing temperatures, which are further evidenced by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, FTIR, and X-ray diffraction patterns. Such unique nanopapers can be easily bounded and sandwiched onto any solid surface to give rise to great potentials in many applications such as gas diffusion barriers, EMI shielding, thermal management, and anticorrosion.
Sexual Reproduction in Lagenidium Giganteum

are readily able to identify the different species, and when tested, they always consistently gave the same vernacular name to the same species. They have separate names for all six fungi which they eat. This is common knowledge amongst the adult Indians since nearly all of our 19 porters were able to distinguish the species. Voucher herbarium material of the collections cited is deposited in the herbaria of F, INPA, and NY. I am extremely grateful to Dr. Rolf Singer for the identification of the collections cited. I would also like to thank Mr. Fritz P. Harter, missionary at Surucucus, for acting as interpreter with the Yanomam Indians, and for his assistance in encouraging the Indians to collect the fungi for us. The field work was carried out in collaboration with the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaz6nia, and was financed by the National Science Foundation, Grant GB-18655 which is gratefully acknowledged.
AIDS Promotion within the Black Church: Social Marketing in Action

This study examines how a community-based organization, the Balm in Gilead, has created social marketing campaigns targeted at the Black Church to promote AIDS awareness and education. This research examines how these social marketing campaigns were carefully framed within a religious and moral narrative so that it resonated with the values of the Black Church. Data consist of participant observation, in-depth interviews, and content analysis. Findings reveal that the Balm in Gilead marketed AIDS awareness to the Black Church's Christian obligation and duty to care for the sick and suffering. The Balm in Gilead created social marketing campaigns targeted at four key themes found within the tenets of the Black Church: responsibility to care for others, love, acceptance, and forgiveness. Discussions on possible policy implications along with the limitations of this study are also provided.
Research on Pollution Reduction Based on Scientific Technology

The study put forward some ways to solve pollutant emission reduction problems,such as promoting pollution reduction depend on the advance of science and technology,solving emmission reduction difficulties rely on scientific research of colleges and universities,strengthing technical service for reduction in enterprise by playing environmental protection technical force,building clean production audit mechanism,reducing production process pollutants,establishing scientific supervision mechanism,ensuring reduction targets and so on.Constructed the scientific support of energy conservation and emission reduction system and mechanism,put forward the countermeasures of energy saving and emission reduction by technology support.Confirming the feasibility of these emission reduction methods in work practice,it was useful for research mechanism and policy about energy saving and emission reduction based on technology support in our country.
Noisy Parallel Approximate Decoding for Conditional Recurrent Language Model

Recent advances in conditional recurrent language modelling have mainly focused on network architectures (e.g., attention mechanism), learning algorithms (e.g., scheduled sampling and sequence-level training) and novel applications (e.g., image/video description generation, speech recognition, etc.) On the other hand, we notice that decoding algorithms/strategies have not been investigated as much, and it has become standard to use greedy or beam search. In this paper, we propose a novel decoding strategy motivated by an earlier observation that nonlinear hidden layers of a deep neural network stretch the data manifold. The proposed strategy is embarrassingly parallelizable without any communication overhead, while improving an existing decoding algorithm. We extensively evaluate it with attention-based neural machine translation on the task of En->Cz translation.
Professional Course Research on the Design of Action-based Teaching

Instructional design is an individual creative activity which stimulates the teachers' intelligence.This article takes one of the professional courses Marine Power Plant Iinstallment Technology as an example,based on the action-oriented teaching system,analyzes the teaching destination,studies the content,formulates the tactics and circumstances,and organizes teaching activity.Combining the theory and practice,this method improves the students working ability effectively.
Hormone Studies in a Gynandroblastoma

Plasma gonadotropin, testosterone, androstenedione, and estradiol levels were determined before and after removal of a 37-pound gynandroblastoma from an 18-year-old virilized, mentally retarded female. Testosterone and androstenedione levels preoperatively were in the normal female range and fell dramatically after castration. Histologic examination showed active atypical granulosa and Sertoli elements. The hormonal data obtained do not account for the marked virilization observed.
Predictors of improved functional outcome following inpatient rehabilitation for patients with traumatic brain injury

OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with response to inpatient rehabilitation treatment among TBI patients. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation service at a Level I trauma center. PARTICIPANTS: Moderate-severe TBI patients ages ≥ 18years old admitted between January 1, 2002 and December 31, 2012. MEASURES: Response to inpatient rehabilitation, measured by the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) score. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. RESULTS: Of 1,984 patients treated for TBI, 184 (10.8%) underwent inpatient rehabilitation. The largest proportion of patients improved in mobility (98.9%), followed by self-care (93.7%), communication/social cognition (84.0%), and sphincter control (65.7%). Of these, 99 (53.8%) improved by 2 or more levels of functional independence and were considered rehabilitation responders. Responders were younger (53.1 years vs. 63.8, p < 0.01), had longer average rehabilitation stays (15.4 days vs. 12.2, p < 0.01), and were less likely to have an admission SBP <100 mmHg (7.1% vs. 17.1%, p = 0.01). On multivariate analysis, normotension at admission (AOR 0.06, p = 0.01) and longer rehabilitation LOS (AOR 1.11, p < 0.01) were associated with a response to inpatient rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: Of the TBI patients who qualified for same-center inpatient rehabilitation, approximately half responded to treatment. Longer rehabilitation time and normotension at admission predicted response to rehabilitation. Further efforts are necessary to identify and optimize TBI patients for inpatient rehabilitation.
"Don't write me down": legal, clinical, and risk-management aspects of patients' requests that therapists not keep notes or records.

Although many clinicians have reported anecdotally that patients occasionally ask that treatment or evaluation notes or records not he kept, the issue has not been addressed in the literature. This...
On filtrations related to purely discontinuous martingales

General martingale theory shows that every martingale can be decomposed into continuous and purely discontinuous parts. In this paper specify a filtration for which the continuous part of the decomposition is 0 a.s. for any Ft martingale. It is a well-known fact that every martingale can be decomposed into continuous and purely discontinuous parts. It is of interest to study the filtrations that do not support continuous martingales (i.e. those for which every continuous martingale with respect to that filtration is constant a.s.). In a previous work J. Jacod and A.V. Skorokhod (1994) [5] introduced the notion of jumping filtration. A filtration .~t is jumping if there is a sequence of increasing stopping times {Tn} (we will call them loosely "jumps" ), such that the u-algebras 7t and coincide up to the null sets on {Tn t In other words 7t = n {Tn t} : A E They proved that a (7-algebra is jumping iff it supports only martingales of bounded variation. Under more restrictive conditions we generalize their result to filtrations supporting only purely discontinuous martingales. As opposed to the jumping filtrations that support only martingales of locally bounded variation with finitely many jumps on finite intervals, our filtrations can support a martingale that has infinitely many jumps on a finite interval. An example of such a filtration is the natural filtration of an Azema martingale (e.g. the filtration generated by the sign of Brownian motion) or a natural filtration of purely discontinuous Levy process with infinitely many jumps on finite intervals. To accommodate this change we replace the increasing sequence of stopping times with a countable set of totally inaccessible stopping times with disjoint graphs. Unless stated otherwise we always assume that the filtration 7t is complete, rightcontinuous, quasi-left-continuous, = {0, 03A9} a.s., and the 03C3-algebra F~ is countably generated. All martingales are considered to be in their cadlag version. Let us introduce the following definitions. Definition 1. A filtration is called purely discontinuous if any continuous adapted martingale is constant a.s. *In this paper we present some of the results in my Ph.D. dissertation [3] completed under the supervision of Professor A. V. Skorokhod at Michigan State University
Accelerated Soft-Error-Rate (SER) Estimation for Combinational and Sequential Circuits

Radiation-induced soft errors have posed an increasing reliability challenge to combinational and sequential circuits in advanced CMOS technologies. Therefore, it is imperative to devise fast, accurate and scalable soft error rate (SER) estimation methods as part of cost-effective robust circuit design. This paper presents an efficient SER estimation framework for combinational and sequential circuits, which considers single-event transients (SETs) in combinational logic and multiple cell upsets (MCUs) in sequential elements. A novel top-down memoization algorithm is proposed to accelerate the propagation of SETs, and a general schematic and layout co-simulation approach is proposed to model the MCUs for redundant sequential storage structures. The feedback in sequential logic is analyzed with an efficient time frame expansion method. Experimental results on various ISCAS85 combinational benchmark circuits demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves up to 560.2X times speedup with less than 3% difference in terms of SER results compared with the baseline algorithm. The average runtime of the proposed framework on a variety of ISCAS89 benchmark circuits is 7.20s, and the runtime is 119.23s for the largest benchmark circuit with more than 3,000 flip-flops and 17,000 gates.
Axiomatic Safety-Critical Assessment Process (ASCAP) Simulation Methodology

Abstract The ASCAP simulation methodology models continuous train movement using a hybrid simulation consisting of both time and event driven portions. The actual train movement is predicated upon the solution of a series of discrete equations to determine its velocity, acceleration and braking profile at a specific time in tandem with the behavior of the train crew and the dispatcher agents in relationship to the behavioral states of the various stationary and mobile objects that a given train encounters. From this hybrid simulation, it is possible to generate accident scenarios. By performing multiple experiments to collect data for various accident scenarios, it will be possible to statistically quantify the risk associated with the various accident scenarios that are identified.
Low-frequency Zigzag energy harvesters operating in torsion-dominant mode

Natural frequencies and mode shapes of low frequency (<100 Hz) Zigzag piezoelectric energy harvester with torsion-bending characteristics are theoretically derived and experimentally validated. Two- and three-dimensional computational finite element models are developed to provide fundamental insight into understanding the response of such harvesters. The optimal harvested power from higher order modes is experimentally determined and computationally verified. It is shown that despite the first mode being a torsion-dominant mode, it can provide a higher level of harvested power compared to the second mode, which is bending-dominant. It is also proven that the torsion-dominant mode may decrease the operating frequency by 50%, compared to the bending-dominant mode, allowing the harvester to output greater power at lower excitation frequencies. This is contradictory to the conventional thought process where torsional modes are generally avoided. The results open new opportunities to further lower the operating regime for known piezoelectric energy harvesters without any significant increase in dimensions or decrease in performance. An analytical model using Gauss’s law is developed to relate the output voltage to the structure’s deflection. Using this model, a prediction of the harvested power can be performed when studying the steady state behavior of the system.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II non-small cell lung cancer: A population-based analysis utilizing NCDB.

e18511 Background: Many prospective trials show that addition of chemotherapy after operable non-small cell lung carcinoma improves survival. Studies determining the effects of patient characteristics and insurance status on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy are lacking. Our aim was to examine the practice patterns for adjuvant chemotherapy in surgically resectable stage II non-small cell lung carcinoma using the National Cancer Database (NCDB). NCDB is a nationwide oncology outcomes database for ~70% of newly diagnosed cases from more than 1,500 accredited cancer programs in the United States and Puerto Rico. Methods: It is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer stage II between the years 2000 and 2011 from the NCDB (n=102617). We focused on the patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy to see if there is any difference based on demographic and insurance characteristics. Chi-square test was used as the test of significance. Results: Between the years 2000 to 2011, th...
Current Status of Gender and Racial/Ethnic Disparities Among Academic Emergency Medicine Physicians

Objective A 2010 survey identified disparities in salaries by gender and underrepresented minorities (URM). With an increase in the emergency medicine (EM) workforce since, we aimed to 1) describe the current status of academic EM workforce by gender, race, and rank and 2) evaluate if disparities still exist in salary or rank by gender. Methods Information on demographics, rank, clinical commitment, and base and total annual salary for full-time faculty members in U.S. academic emergency departments were collected in 2015 via the Academy of Administrators in Academic Emergency Medicine (AAAEM) Salary Survey. Multiple linear regression was used to compare salary by gender while controlling for confounders. Results Response rate was 47% (47/101), yielding data on 1,371 full-time faculty: 33% women, 78% white, 4% black, 5% Asian, 3% Asian Indian, 4% other, and 7% unknown race. Comparing white race to nonwhite, 62% versus 69% were instructor/assistant, 23% versus 20% were associate, and 15% versus 10% were full professors. Comparing women to men, 74% versus 59% were instructor/assistant, 19% versus 24% were associate, and 7% versus 17% were full professors. Of 113 chair/vice-chair positions, only 15% were women, and 18% were nonwhite. Women were more often fellowship trained (37% vs. 31%), less often core faculty (59% vs. 64%), with fewer administrative roles (47% vs. 57%; all p < 0.05) but worked similar clinical hours (mean ± SD = 1,069 ± 371 hours vs. 1,051 ± 393 hours). Mean overall salary was $278,631 (SD ± $68,003). The mean (±SD) salary of women was $19,418 (±$3,736) less than men (p < 0.001), even after adjusting for race, region, rank, years of experience, clinical hours, core faculty status, administrative roles, board certification, and fellowship training. Conclusions In 2015, disparities in salary and rank persist among full-time U.S. academic EM faculty. There were gender and URM disparities in rank and leadership positions. Women earned less than men regardless of rank, clinical hours, or training. Future efforts should focus on evaluating salary data by race and developing systemwide practices to eliminate disparities.
On a Multiplicative Algorithm for Computing Bayesian D-optimal Designs

We use the minorization-maximization principle (Lange, Hunter and Yang 2000) to establish the monotonicity of a multiplicative algorithm for computing Bayesian D-optimal designs. This proves a conjecture of Dette, Pepelyshev and Zhigljavsky (2008).
The Problem of Noisy Tape Recordings

Without a doubt the effectiveness of most law enforcement agencies would be reduced by a magnitude if suddenly they could no longer utilize tape recordings in support of their investigations. In fact, it is quite possible that analysis of information on tape recordings constitutes one of the single most powerful tools investigators currently have at their disposal. Yet their use in the storing, processing and analysis of messages, events and information has become so common that many investigators, crime laboratory personnel and related professionals tend to overlook or underrate their potential. Sometimes they simply neglect to utilize this effective technique (even when needed), or they use it poorly. In any event, tape recording techniques could be exploited to a far greater extent than they are at present. Moreover, with somewhat improved knowledge and upgraded procedures, the amount of information captured—and ultimately utilized—could be expanded by a substantial factor. That is, present technology, if properly employed, would permit a considerably more effective use of tape recordings than currently is the case.
Lignans (Neolignans) and Allyl/Propenyl Phenols: Biogenesis, Structural Biology, and Biological/Human Health Considerations

This comprehensive, extensively illustrated, critical review chapter addresses the biochemical pathways to two major plant metabolic classes, namely, the rather ubiquitous allyl/propenyl phenols and lignans, which are the subclasses of phenylpropanoids (C6C3). These substances are considered to have diverse physiological/ecological roles within plants, including defense against microbes and insects, as antioxidants, and also as pollinator attractants. Comprehensive analysis of their structural diversity in extant plant groups provides much needed insight into their evolution. In addition, what is known of their biosynthetic pathways is extensively discussed, including the genes/proteins known to be responsible for each biochemical step, their enzymatic kinetic behaviors, three-dimensional structures, and postulated chemical mechanisms. Lastly, many are historically important natural products, and their current and potential human uses in spices, medicines, nutrition, and other fields are broadly reviewed. The text is supported by more than 50 illustrations and schemes including more than 300 compounds, and about 550 key references are presented to the reader.
The Opposing Mediational Effects of Apprehensive Threat and Motivational Threat When Inoculating Against Reactance to Health Promotion

This investigation assessed how a threatening inoculation forewarning about psychological reactance affected message targets’ derogation of a subsequent health appeal. A two-mediator model showed t...
Getting There and Beyond: Incidental Learning of Spatial Knowledge with Turn-by-Turn Directions and Location Updates in Navigation Interfaces

Spatial user interfaces that help people navigate often focus on turn-by-turn instructions, ignoring how they may help incidental learning of spatial knowledge. Drawing on theories and findings from the area of spatial cognition, the current paper aims to understand how turn-by-turn instructions and relative location updates can help incidental learning of spatial (route and survey) knowledge. A user study was conducted as people used map-based and video-based spatial interfaces to navigate to different locations in an indoor environment using turn-by-turn directions and relative location updates. Consistent with existing literature, we found that providing only turn-by-turn directions was in general not effective for helping people to acquire spatial knowledge as relative location updates, but map-based interfaces were in general better for incidental learning of survey knowledge while video-based interfaces were better for route knowledge. Our result suggested that relative location updates encourage active processing of spatial information, which allows better incidental learning of spatial knowledge. We discussed the implications of our results to designs trade-offs in navigation interfaces that facilitate learning of spatial knowledge.
Electric-Magnetic Duality in Gravity and Higher-Spin Fields

Over the past two decades, electric-magnetic duality has made significant progress in linearized gravity and higher spin gauge fields in arbitrary dimensions. By analogy with Maxwell theory, the Dirac quantization condition has been generalized to both the conserved electric-type and magnetic-type sources associated with gravitational fields and higher spin fields. The linearized Einstein equations in $D$ dimensions, which are expressed in terms of the Pauli-Fierz field of the \textit{graviton} described by a 2nd-rank symmetric tensor, can be dual to the linearized field equations of the \textit{dual graviton} described by a Young symmetry $(D-3, 1)$ tensor. Hence, the dual formulations of linearized gravity are written by a 2nd-rank symmetric tensor describing the Pauli-Fierz field of the dual graviton in $D=4$, while we have the Curtright field with Young symmetry type $(2,1)$ in $D=5$. The equations of motion of spin-$s$ fields ($s>2$) described by the generalized Fronsdal action can also be dualized to the equations of motion of dual spin-$s$ fields. In this review, we focus on dual formulations of gravity and higher spin fields in the linearized theory, and study their SO(2) electric-magnetic duality invariance, twisted self-duality conditions, harmonic conditions for wave solutions, and their configurations with electric-type and magnetic-type sources. Furthermore, we briefly discuss the latest developments in their interacting theories.
Before p < 0.05 to Beyond p < 0.05: Using History to Contextualize p-Values and Significance Testing

As statisticians and scientists consider a world beyond p < 0.05, it is important to not lose sight of how we got to this point. Although significance testing and p-values are often presented as pr...
Developmental trajectories of attachment and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents

Previous research has found that insecure attachment is associated with depression. In the present study, we use an accelerated longitudinal cohort design to examine how the association between att...
The Speech Recognition Virtual Kitchen: Launch Party

We present updates to the Speech Recognition Virtual Kitchen (SRVK) environment, a repository of pre-configured Virtual Machines (VMs) containing tools and experiments in the speech and language field. SRVK promotes community sharing of research techniques, fosters innovative experimentation, and provides solid reference systems as a tool for education, research, and evaluation. VMs provide a consistent environment for experimentation, without requiring tedious installation of many individual tools, a web-based community platform complements the VMs, allowing users to jointly explore, learn and collaborate using VMs. In this Show&Tell demo, we present the infrastructure to the speech community, along with several example VMs and a set of online error analysis tools. We solicit feedback from the community, in order to further guide development of the kitchen, which we hope to grow into a widely used community resource.
DIMR, a Yeast-Based Synthetic Reporter System for Probing Oligomeric Transcription Factor DNA Binding

Abstract Transcription factors (TFs) are fundamental components of biological regulation, facilitating the basal and differential gene expression necessary for life. TFs exert transcriptional regulation through interactions with both DNA and other TFs, ultimately influencing the action of RNA polymerase at a genomic locus. Current approaches are proficient at identification of binding site requirements for individual TFs, but few methods have been adapted to study oligomeric TF complexes. Further, many approaches that have been turned toward understanding DNA binding of TF complexes, such as electrophoretic mobility shift assays, require protein purification steps that can be burdensome or scope-limiting when considering more exhaustive experimental design. In order to address these shortfalls and to facilitate a more streamlined approach to understanding DNA binding by TF complexes, we developed the DIMR (Dynamic, Interdependent TF binding Molecular Reporter) system, a modular, yeast-based synthetic transcriptional activity reporter. As a proof of concept, we focused on the NUCLEAR FACTOR-Y (NF-Y) family of obligate heterotrimeric TFs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The DIMR system was able to reproduce the strict DNA-binding requirements of an experimentally validated NF-YA2/B2/C3 complex with high fidelity, including recapitulation of previously characterized mutations in subunits that either break NF-Y complex interactions or are directly involved in DNA binding. The DIMR system is a novel, powerful, and easy-to-use approach to address questions regarding the binding of oligomeric TFs to DNA. One sentence summary The DIMR system provides an accessible and easy-to-use platform to elucidate DNA binding and transcriptional regulatory capacity of oligomeric transcription factor complexes
Head‐up display assisted endoscopic lumbar discectomy—A technical note

BACKGROUND Minimally invasive surgery is heavily dependent on indirect visualization and image guidance, often resulting in non-ergonomic postures. Minimally invasive surgeons are more likely to experience neck pain, shoulder pain, and fatigue compared to open surgeons. Spinal endoscopy is rapidly increasing in popularity among minimally invasive spine surgeons. A primary ergonomic issue is the position of the endoscope display, which is often not in line with the operative field or the surgeon's natural line of sight. METHODS Smart glasses providing a head-up display are used in a case of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy to bring the surgeon's line of sight into parallel with the operative field. RESULTS Bringing the surgeon's visual and motor axes into parallel resulted in a more comfortable and ergonomic operating position. CONCLUSIONS Head-up displays may provide an elegant and relatively simple solution to the issue of inadequate ergonomics in minimally invasive surgery.
Multiple-Vt Solutions in Nanosheet Technology for High Performance and Low Power Applications

In Nanosheet (NS) device architecture, it is much more challenging than FinFET to develop a suitable multiple threshold voltage (multi-Vt) integration with more restrictive requirement on the dimensions due to the critical dimension scaling and complex structure. In this abstract, we reported an innovative integration scheme to enable volumeless multi-Vt and metal multi-Vt to provide the multi-Vt solutions in NS technology for high performance computing (HPC) and low-power applications. We developed a new volumeless multi-Vt for NS to solve the device geometry constraint and offer more margin and the opportunity for further sheet-to-sheet spacing (Tsus) reduction. Furthermore, metal gate boundary control (MGBC) was developed to enable variable NS widths on the same wafer to satisfy both HPC and low-power applications.
Probing space to understand Earth

Progress in the geosciences has often followed the same fundamental paradigm for about two centuries: Earth’s present is the key to understanding its past and its future. This concept is at the root of most of what is known about the Earth. Similarly, knowledge of Earth’s geological and atmospheric processes can be, and has been, applied when studying the history of other planetary bodies. More recently, however, observations from other planets have fed back into our understanding of Earth. In this Perspective, we argue that many scientific mysteries about the Earth can be solved only by looking beyond it, and describe instances where other bodies, such as Mars, Venus and the Moon, have or could augment our understanding of processes on Earth. Future space missions offer the opportunity to probe the rich diversity of planetary environments and compositions, and further explore how they might serve as analogues, experiments and archives. Though lessons learned from Earth are frequently applied to other planets, there is much to learn about our own planet from the Solar System and beyond. This Perspective highlights examples from geological and atmospheric sciences in which other planetary bodies have acted as analogues, experiments and archives for the Earth sciences.
TRANSCATHETER TREATMENT OF FAILED PULMONARY HOMOGRAFT

Aortic valve (AV) replacement with a pulmonary autograft (ROSS Procedure) has been used for treatment of aortic stenosis (AS), but degeneration of the aortic position pulmonary autograft and pulmonary position homograft often requires repeat surgical intervention. 63 year old male presented with
Increasing standing tolerance in office workers with standing-induced back pain.

Sit-stand desks are popular however many people have standing-induced low back pain (LBP). People with LBP have fewer standing weight shifts compared with back-healthy people. Participants were cla...