cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Strip Load on Transversely Isotropic Elastic Double Porosity Media with Strong Permeability Contrast

In double porosity media, ﬂuid could ﬂow through the distributed micro-fractures at a larger scale as well as through the nanopores of the organic matrix at a smaller scale, while ﬂuid mass could be transferred between them. Besides, the solid deformation acts as an important coupling term and leads to the two-way coupled process. However, these processes are not well presented in previous studies. In this work, a new coupled modeling approach was proposed for saturated double porosity media with strong permeability con-trast. Speciﬁcally, the transversely isotropic equivalent fracture permeability is considered for the preferentially oriented micro-fractures at the micro-scale or meso-scale; while at the nano-scale, the non-Darcy ﬂow and mass transfer equations are employed to consider the interaction between ﬂuid particles and the solid pore wall. Finally, the stabilized ﬁnite element method is developed to investigate the settlement and pressure dissipation behaviors of the strip load problem. Cited as: Zhang, Q. Strip load on transversely isotropic elastic double porosity media with strong permeability contrast. Advances in Geo-Energy Research, 2021, 5(4): 353-364, doi: 10.46690/ager.2021.04.02
Conceptualizing Social Determinants of Neighborhood Health through a Youth Lens.

This study reports on findings from a youth participatory action research of children’s well-being and health. We draw upon the Social Determinants of Health framework, including a focus on structural racism and intersectionality, to holistically explore the ways in which youth (ages 13–17) experience multiple forms of marginalization within the neighborhood, and how these experiences influence their well-being outcomes. We employed the data collection techniques of focus group discussion, community mapping, photovoice, and follow-up small group discussions with 14 African American youth in Cleveland, Ohio. Utilizing participatory thematic analysis, the participants established four main thematic categories connected to the neighborhood which have a strong influence on youth health and well-being. These categories included: (1) Crime and safety; (2) Housing and the built environment; (3) Social Influence; (4) Community Activities. By involving youth as co-constructors of the research, we elicited perspectives on the pathways between a healthy neighborhood to healthy residents, with implications for future research, policy, and intervention programming aimed at improving the health and well-being of children and youth.
Stalled at Friendship Station: Under Ancient Desert Skies, the Socialist Silk Road, and Cinematic Collaboration on the Eve of the Sino-Soviet Split

This article contributes to an emerging history of socialist world cinema by uncovering the forgotten story of a Sino-Soviet cinematic collaboration from 1957?58: a film expedition that travelled the route of a proposed railway line linking Almaty in Kazakhstan, via Xinjiang, to Lanzhou in western China. At the height of the Sino-Soviet ?honeymoon? in the 1950s, this 2,800km ?Road of Friendship? was celebrated as a revival of the ancient Silk Road for an age of industrialized, international socialism. Co-produced by the Moscow and Shanghai scientific-popular film studios, the film had two directors, the Soviet veteran Vladimir Shneiderov and the Chinese novice Qin Zhen. The film they created appeared under two names: while its Chinese title, Almaty-Lanzhou (Alamutu-Lanzhou), spoke in neutral tones of connection and modernization, the Russian title, Under Ancient Desert Skies (Pod nebom drevnikh pustyn'), evoked the exotic allure of a motor expedition along the traces of the Silk Road. My excavation of the Road of Friendship and the film that celebrated its construction offers a case study in the aspirations and limitations of Sino-Soviet collaboration in the mid-1950s. In particular, the history of both railway and film illuminate the role of Xinjiang as a frontier region where the ideals of internationalist collaboration confronted a longer history of imperial contestation between the Russian and Chinese states in Central Asia. Grounded in archival materials, this reconstruction of the project foregrounds both the politics and the poetics of collaboration: both the production history of the film, and the way that the film itself stages and performs its own ideals of collaborative ?friendship.? Collaboration, it becomes clear from the film and its production materials, was both an important ideal and a fraught business. The Road of Friendship itself, meanwhile, fell victim to the Sino-Soviet Split of the early 1960s. The two sides were supposed to connect at the town of Druzhba (Dostyk, ?Friendship?) on the Sino-Soviet border, but the Chinese branch only reached Druzhba in 1990?just in time for the collapse of the USSR. Today the Lanzhou?Almaty rail route constitutes a central link in China's Belt and Road infrastructure initiative, another reimagining of the Silk Road for twenty-first-century global capitalism.
Magnetism and the Structure of Catalytically Active Solids

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the magnetism and the structure of catalytically active solids, and summarizes the present status of magnetic studies on catalyst structure. The magnetic methods often give evidence for the oxidation state of catalytically active solids that contain elements of the transition series. This is especially true for vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, and copper. Sometimes the magnetic method reveals the existence of valence bonds between adjacent positive ions, such as between iron and iron in hydrous or supported iron sesquioxide. Almost always the magnetic method gives some information concerning the atomic environment of positive ions in hydrous or supported oxides. This information is related to the number of positive ions surrounding a given positive ion, e.g, to the number of nearest iron neighbors to a given iron ion in iron sesquioxide. The magnetic method, together with other methods, has revealed that the oxidation state of a supported oxide can be influenced by the crystal structure of the support. In some cases there has been established a definite relation between the information obtainable from magnetic measurements and the actual catalytic activity.
Instability of pUC19 in Escherichia coli transcription termination factor mutant, rho026.

The higher copy number of pUC19, compared to its parent plasmid pBR322, is known to be due to deletion of rop, also known as rom, and to an ori mutation that impedes RNAI:RNAII interaction. pUC19, unlike pBR322, fails to transform E. coli rho mutant rho026 cells. Here we identify two features of pUC19 that contribute to this transformation defect. (1) The pUCori mutation is involved because replacing the pUCori with that of pBR322 restored transformation. (2) Transcription from the lac promoter in pUC19 is important, since deletion or inversion of the promoter or insertion of a transcription terminator (lambdat0) downstream of it restored transformation. Host RNase E activity is responsible for the transformation defect because introduction of an rne-1 allele into rho026 cells suppressed this defect, indicating that RNAI instability due to RNase E is aggravated in the rho026 strain. We suggest that in rho026 cells pUC19 RNAI:RNAII interaction is more impeded than in rho+ cells and Rop/Rom may confer stability by protecting RNAI against RNase E activity because expression of a rom gene inserted into pUC19 restored transformation.
Cytokines in neuronal development.

Publisher Summary A recurrent theme of this chapter has been that processes needed during the development of the nervous system and processes needed during recovery and repair of the injured or diseased nervous system are similar if not identical. Cellular survival, axonal regrowth, renewed synaptogenesis, and elimination of unnecessary debris by phagocytosis are clearly requirements not only for the developing nervous system but also for healthy recovery from injury or disease. The list of factors known to affect the developing nervous system has expanded well beyond the neurotrophins to include the interleukin-6 (IL-6) family of cytokines. The chapter focuses on the members of the transforming growth factor (TGF) and IL-6 families and on the immune cytokines, those once thought to have their actions completely restricted to the immune system. It is now considered that these molecules not only are synthesized in the nervous system, generally by neurons, but that they affect the proliferation, survival, neurite outgrowth, cellular differentiation, and neurotransmitter expression of cells in the nervous system as well. These are processes that are required for building the nascent nervous system and also for repairing the injured or diseased nervous system. It should not be surprising, then, that immune system cytokines are involved in both processes.
Absolute Configuration of trans-and cis-2-o-Tolylcyclohexanols

Optically active trans - and cis -2- o -tolylcyclohexanols were obtained by basic hydrolysis of their (-)-menthoxyacetate esters previously prepared and separated. Oxidation of (1S, 2R)-(+)- trans - (I) and (1R,2R)-(-)- cis -2- o -tolylcyclohexanol (II) yielded the same ketone, 2R-(+)- o -tolylcyclohexanone (III). The absolute configuration of III was established from ORD and CD measurements. This also established the absolute configuration of I and II. I and II have the same absolute configuration about C-2, but the signs of their Cotton effect in the aromatic region area opposite.
A Milestone in Clinical Medicine: A Review of The Clinical Approach to the Patient

Excerpt Morgan and Engel'sThe Clinical Approach to the Patient*discusses patients and physicians and what goes on between them in relating to the patient's problem. This is not lip service about th...
Primary Care Role in the Management of Childhood Depression: A Comparison of Pediatricians and Family Physicians

Objective. To provide a self-described assessment of pediatricians9 and family physicians9 management of childhood depression. Design. Mail survey of 595 general pediatricians and 557 family physicians in North Carolina. Results. The response rate was 66%. Most primary care physicians used referral (65%) and counseling (61%) for management of childhood depression. Family physicians used medications more commonly (18% vs 9%), and pediatricians referred patients more commonly (77% vs 48%). In logistic regression analysis, physicians comfortable with management of depression (odds ratio [OR], 4.8: 2.7–8.4), physicians who believed that antidepressants are more effective than counseling (OR, 2.6: 1.4–4.8), and family physicians (OR, 2.2: 1.9–4.1) were more likely to have used medications for childhood depression. Conclusions. Most primary care physicians refer pediatric patients with depression; however, practice patterns vary by specialty and other factors. Future studies must consider the role of primary care and evaluate how interspecialty variations affect costs and outcomes of childhood depression.
Physical and Sexual Abuse, Battering, and Substance Abuse: Three Clinical Cases of Older Women

Abstract Women born before 1945 are the older women of today. Many of these women were subjected to childhood physical and sexual abuse and spouse battering at a time where there were no laws to protect them and few people discussed such subjects. Some of these women became substance abusers or lived with substance abusers. While there are retrospective studies on the experiences of adult women who suffered abuse in the family, little is known about the experiences of women over the age of 60 years. Similarly, there is information on substance abuse among young and middle-aged women, but very little information on or about older womens' experiences with substance abuse. In this study, we review the literature on abuse and substance abuse. We present three clinical cases of older women who have experienced various forms of abuse and who in turn abuse substances. The cases are analyzed. Assessment, treatment, and evaluation methods for social workers are discussed.
Estimation of Soil Properties Using Hyperspectral VIS/IR Sensors

Knowledge of soil properties and processes are crucial to the understanding of the terrestrial hydrologic cycle and the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. In this paper, we present the current state and potential of hyperspectral remote sensing techniques for quantitative retrieval of soil properties. Remote sensing is used to detect chemical and physical soil properties either (i) directly from the bare soil pixels, (ii) through advanced spectroscopy methods in mixed “soil-vegetation-litter” pixels, and (iii) by measurements of the overlying vegetated canopy to infer soil properties and moisture status. Optical-geometric properties of soil surfaces reveal information on soil physical features, such as soil structure, crusting, and erosion. We also investigate the use of vegetation water indices to infer soil drying and wetting in the soil root zone. We conclude with a discussion on future needs and directions for remote sensing of soil properties. Keywords: soil properties; hyperspectral remote sensing; vegetation water indices; soil moisture; salinity; soil structure; organic matter; mineralogy
The Effects of Histones and Other Polycations on Cellular Energetics IV. FURTHER STUDIES ON THE STIMULATION OF MITOCHONDRIAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION

The histone f2a was found to stimulate markedly oxygen consumption of isolated heart and liver mitochondria, in the absence of a phosphate acceptor system, but in the presence of inorganic phosphate. Octylguanidine, but not oligomycin or aurovertin, markedly inhibited the histone-induced increment in respiration. On the other hand the histone stimulated oligomycin- or aurovertin-inhibited respiration, but had no effect on respiration inhibited by octylguanidine. The stimulation of oxygen consumption by f2a was accompanied by an energy-dependent K+ efflux.
Increased susceptibility to repeated freeze-thaw cycles in Escherichia coli following long-term evolution in a benign environment

In order to study the dynamics of evolutionary change, 12 populations of E. coli B were serially propagated for 20,000 generations in minimal glucose medium at constant 37°C. Correlated changes in various other traits have been previously associated with the improvement in competitive fitness in the selective environment. This study examines whether these evolved lines changed in their ability to tolerate the stresses of prolonged freezing and repeated freeze-thaw cycles during adaptation to a benign environment. All 12 lines that evolved in the benign environment for 20,000 generations are more sensitive to freeze-thaw cycles than their ancestor. The evolved lines have an average mortality rate of 54% per daily cycle, compared to the ancestral rate of 34%. By contrast, there was no significant difference between the evolved lines and their ancestor in mortality during prolonged freezing. There was also some variability among the evolved lines in susceptibility to repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Those lines that had evolved higher competitive fitness in the minimal glucose medium at 37°C also had higher mortality during freeze-thaw cycles. This variability was not associated, however, with differences among lines in DNA repair functionality and mutability. The consistency of the evolutionary declines in freeze-thaw tolerance, the correlation between fitness in glucose medium at 37°C and mortality during freeze-thaw cycles, and the absence of greater declines in freeze-thaw survival among the hypermutable lines all indicate a trade-off between performance in minimal glucose medium at 37°C and the capacity to tolerate this stress. Analyses of the mutations that enhance fitness at 37°C may shed light on the physiological basis of this trade-off.
Location Inference of Social Media Posts at Hyper-Local Scale

This paper describes an approach to infer the location of a social media post at a hyper-local scale based on its content, conditional to the knowledge that the post originates from a larger area such as a city or even a state. The approach comprises three components: (i) a discriminative classifier, namely, Logistic Regression (LR) which selects from a set of most probable sub-regions from where a post might have originated, (ii) a clustering technique, namely, k-means, that adaptively partitions the larger geographic region into sub regions based on the density of the posts, and (iii) a range of techniques to extract a set of hyper-local words from the posts to be fed as features to the LR classifier. The approach is evaluated on a large corpus of tweets collected from Twitter over the NYC, Washington DC, and state of Connecticut regions. The results show that our approach can geo-locate tweets within 1:72 km for NYC, 12:5 km for DC and 37:00 km for CT. These results from three geographically and socially diverse regions suggest that our approach outperforms contemporary methods that estimate locations within ranges of hundreds of kilometers. It can thus support a wide array of services such as location-based advertising, and disaster and emergency response.
Tween 80/diatrizoate enemas in bowel obstruction

Although successful treatment of meconium ileus with Gastrografin enema has been attributed to the hypertonicity of this material, Tween 80, present in a 0.75% concentration, may be its most effective component. Tween 80 acts as a surface-active substance and stool emulsifier. An enema solution of 1%-2% Tween 80 and isotonic sodium diatrizoate has been effective in the relief of meconium or fecal mass obstruction in infants and children.
The Impact of Migration on Southern Rural Areas of Chronic Depression1

By examining the 1979 [U.S.] income status of 1975-1980 inmigrants outmigrants and nonmigrants we gauged the income effects of migration for a group of chronic low-income counties in the nonmetropolitan South. The effects are demonstrated to be positive for the migrants themselves and negative for the low-income counties. In both instances however the effects are unexpectedly small. By considering both in- and outmigrants we show that these counties experienced a remarkable degree of income replacement and also present evidence that the results are not primarily due to the particular migration period under study. The findings give additional evidence of the substantial inefficiency at work in American migration patterns. (EXCERPT)
An optical model analysis of neutron scattering

Neutron elastic scattering data in the range A > 16, 7 < E < 30 MeV are analyzed using a standard local optical model potential. The obtained parameters are compared with similar optical model parameters derived from proton elastic scattering. Empirical values for the Coulomb correction term, isospin dependence and energy dependence are obtained. The results are compared with theoretical calculations.
Effects of health locus of control and health value upon EMG biofeedback training.

Subjects who scored highly internal or external on a health locus of control scale and who scored high or low on the value each attached to good health were each given two sessions of frontalis EMG biofeedback training in accordance with a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. It was predicted that both internality and high health value would be positively associated with ability to control EMG and that these influences would combine additively. The predictions were not supported but a significant interaction between internality and health value was found. This interaction could be explained by assuming that both internality and high health value increased drive which in turn produced greater muscle tension, the relationship between drive and muscle tension being an ascending sigmoid function.
The mechanism of inorganic phosphate-mediated inhibition of calf thymus DNA polymerase β and Rauscher leukemia virus DNA polymerase

Abstract Calf thymus DNA polymerase β and mammalian type C retroviral DNA polymerases are strongly inhibited by low concentrations (1–2mM) of inorganic phosphate (Pi). A detailed analysis of this phenomenon revealed that Pi-mediated inhibition: a) requires the presence of Mn2+ (Mg2+ neither supports nor relieves this inhibition; b) is strongly affected by the stoichiometric relationship between Mn2+ and Pi concentrations; c) is competitive with respect to deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentration, and d) increasing the concentration of substrate or non-substrate dNTPs in reaction mixtures raised the concentration of Mn2+ at which significant inhibition by a fixed concentration of Pi was first seen. These findings suggested that Mn2+, dNTPs, and Pi may interact in Pi-mediated inhibition. Thin-layer chromatographic analysis revealed the formation of an Mn-dNTP-Pi complex, while Mg2+ did not participate in such complex formation. We propose that it is this tripartite complex which is responsible for the Pi-mediated inhibition of sensitive DNA polymerases.
Burst Database Verification Study for Corroded Line-Pipe

A significant amount of effort over the past 20 years has been directed towards the experimental testing of corroded linepipe subjected to static internal pressure. This effort has led to the development of a number of empirical limit state models (e.g., ANSI/ASME B31G). Various studies have recently been completed to determine which limit state model is best suited for use in closed-form reliability evaluations using published burst databases compiled by the Pipeline Research Council International (PRCI) and Det Norske Veritas (DNV). Unfortunately, the results of these studies are inconsistent with little to no explanation why. This paper in-part accounts for the skewed results of previous studies by cleansing the PRCI and DNV burst databases of corroded line-pipe tests of flawed information and thus assembling the verifiable 2003 University of California, Berkeley (UCB) Burst Database. The errors found in these databases are statistically significant enough that extreme caution should be used when applying them in a reliability design, assessment, or management framework. Lastly, the relative performance of seven limit state models were analyzed with the 2003 UCB Burst Database and conclude that although a unbiased variation of ASME B31G is competitive, RAM PIPE I is the best overall limit state model of the seven evaluated.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Bandpass filtering with multibar magnetostatic-surfacewave microstrip transducers

The insertion loss for multibar magnetostatic-surface-wave (m.s.s.w.) transducers has been calculated from a ‘small’-loss microstrip-transmission-line model. Experimental results for 2-bar and 8-bar parallel-strip and 4-bar π transducers are in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The 8-bar parallel-strip-transducer delay line gives a major bandpass response at 3.1 GHz, corresponding to an m.s.s.w. wavelength of 300 μm. The insertion loss is 11 dB, the 10 dB bandwidth is 70 MHz and adjacent sidelobes are 16 dB down.
Approximations for the tail probabilities and moments of the scan statistic

The scan statistic is used to test the hypothesis that the observed events occur at random )uniformly distributed( in time or space versus the hypothesis that they cluster within a moving window of size w. To implement the testing procedure based on the scan statistic its tail probabilities have to be effectively evaluated. In this article a survey of results on the approximations of the distribution of the scan statistic and its moments is presented. Numerical results comparing these approximations are also given. Numerous references with applications in epidemiological studies using the scan statistics are mentioned. Related scan statistics that have been used in many other interesting applications are listed in the reference section. The article concludes with the presentation of unsolved problems related to the scan statistic.
CONTRIBUTION OF POLLEN MORPHOLOGY TO SYSTEMATICS OF COLLOMIA (POLEMONIACEAE)

Pollen morphology of 14 species of Collomia (Polemoniaceae) was examined by light microscopy, and by both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Four distinct pollen types were observed which are based principally upon 1) shape, number and distribution of apertures, and 2) surface sculpturing: Type 1-zonocolporate with striate ridges; Type 2-zonocolporate with striato-reticulate ridges; Type 3-pantoporate with radiate ridges; Type 4-pantoporate with irregularly reticulate ridges. Evaluation of pollen morphology reveals considerable discrepancy with respect to presently accepted sectional classification. Collomia grandiflora of sect. Collomia has a pollen type similar to that of members of sect. Collomiastrum and is now interpreted as representing an independent evolutionary line derived from the latter section. Collomia diversifolia of sect. Courtoisia has a pollen morphology similar to that of sect. Collomia, whereas C. heterophylla of the same section possesses pollen unique within the genus. This last pollen type shows close similarity to the pollen of members of Polemonium, Gilia, Leptodactylon, and Ipomopsis. Pollen of C. tinctoria and C. tracyi of sect. Collomia are anomalous within Polemoniaceae. No significant difference in exine stratification was discernible among the four pollen types.
Reversal of the dipole vortex in a negative index of refraction material

When a small particle is illuminated by a circularly polarized laser beam, the induced electric dipole moment rotates in a plane. The flow lines of the emitted electromagnetic energy are the field lines of the Poynting vector. When the particle is embedded in a dielectric, these field lines have a vortex structure, and the rotation in the vortex has the same orientation as the rotation direction of the dipole. We show that when the embedding medium is a negative index of refraction material, the direction of rotation in the vortex is reversed.
Home Ranges and Social Organization of Syntopic Peromyscus boylii and P. truei

Using radiotelemetry, we investigated sizes, spatial distributions, and overlap patterns of home ranges for two syntopic populations of Peromyscus boylii and P. truei . Home ranges were calculated from the minimum convex polygon (MCP) and the fixed-kernel-density estimator of radiolocations from 3 summers in northern New Mexico. During each summer, these Peromyscus exhibited a seasonal cycle in abundance, starting low in early summer and increasing through the summer months. Both estimates of home-range size were correlated significantly, although the fixed-kernel-density estimates were usually larger. Home ranges of male P. truei were larger than those of female P. truei and male and female P. boylii . The disproportionately larger size of ranges of male P. truei was likely due to distribution of female P. truei , which were more dispersed than female P. boylii . The MCP home ranges of male P. boylii also were larger than home ranges of female P. boylii . Both species’ home ranges were related inversely to conspecific density, but only home ranges of P. truei varied inversely with heterospecific density. Females of both species tended to overlap little intrasexually; males had home ranges that overlapped home ranges of multiple females and males. Patterns in home-range size and overlap were consistent with a promiscuous mating system for both species.
Gene Therapy to Treat Cardiovascular Disease

Coronary artery disease, heart failure, and cardiac arrhythmias are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the United States. The overall death rate for all cardiovascular diseases was 236.1 per 100 000 persons, accounting for 1 of every 3 deaths in America.[1][1] Cardiac diseases can affect
The Upper Limit of Energy Density of Nanoporous Materials Functionalized Liquid

In this article, we report the experimental result of energy dissipation of a mobil crystalline material (MCM) 41 in mercury. The MCM41 contains a large volume fraction of nanometer-sized pores. As the applied pressure is relatively high, the nanopore surfaces are exposed to mercury. Due to the large nanopore surface area and the large solid-liquid interfacial tension, the energy dissipation effectiveness of this system is ultrahigh, representing the upper limit that can be achieved by the pressure-induced infiltration technique.
Sézary syndrome and mycosis fungoides arise from distinct T-cell subsets: a biologic rationale for their distinct clinical behaviors

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) encompasses leukemic variants (L-CTCL) such as Sezary syndrome (SS) and primarily cutaneous variants such as mycosis fungoides (MF). To clarify the relationship between these clinically disparate presentations, we studied the phenotype of T cells from L-CTCL and MF. Clonal malignant T cells from the blood of L-CTCL patients universally coexpressed the lymph node homing molecules CCR7 and L-selectin as well as the differentiation marker CD27, a phenotype consistent with central memory T cells. CCR4 was also universally expressed at high levels, and there was variable expression of other skin addressins (CCR6, CCR10, and CLA). In contrast, T cells isolated from MF skin lesions lacked CCR7/L-selectin and CD27 but strongly expressed CCR4 and CLA, a phenotype suggestive of skin resident effector memory T cells. Our results suggest that SS is a malignancy of central memory T cells and MF is a malignancy of skin resident effector memory T cells.
Plane-Wave Analysis and Comparison of Split-Field, Biaxial, and Uniaxial PML Methods as ABCs for Pseudospectral Electromagnetic Wave Simulations in Curvilinear Coordinates

In this paper, we discuss and compare split-field, biaxial, and uniaxial perfectly matched layer (PML) methods for absorbing outgoing vector waves in cylindrical and spherical coordinates. We first extend Berenger's split-field formulation into spherical and cylindrical coordinates in such a way that it maintains all the desirable properties it exhibits in rectangular coordinates. Then we discuss the biaxial and the uniaxial medium PML methods in Cartesian coordinates and extend them to spherical and cylindrical coordinates. Properties of plane-wave solutions of the PML methods are analyzed. In particular, the decay and boundness properties of the solutions are considered in order to provide further insight into the different formulations presented herein. Moreover, we propose a set of symmetric hyperbolic equations for both the biaxial and the uniaxial PML methods in the time-domain, which is fine-tuned in numerical experiments and very suitable for time-domain problems. All three types of spherical and cylindrical PML methods are applied in simulations of plane wave scattering as well as radiating dipole problems. We use a multidomain pseudospectral (Chebyshev) numerical scheme, and the effectiveness of the PML methods is demonstrated through the accurate numerical results obtained. The order of outer-boundary reflection is as low as 0.1% of the exact solution.
Tissue-specific nuclear architecture and gene expession regulated by SATB1

Eukaryotic chromosomes are packaged in nuclei by many orders of folding. Little is known about how higher-order chromatin packaging might affect gene expression. SATB1 is a cell-type specific nuclear protein that recruits chromatin-remodeling factors and regulates numerous genes during thymocyte differentiation. Here we show that in thymocyte nuclei, SATB1 has a cage-like 'network' distribution circumscribing heterochromatin and selectively tethers specialized DNA sequences onto its network. This was shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization on wild-type and Satb1-null thymocytes using in vivo SATB1-bound sequences as probes. Many gene loci, including that of Myc and a brain-specific gene, are anchored by the SATB1 network at specific genomic sites, and this phenomenon is precisely correlated with proper regulation of distant genes. Histone-modification analyses across a gene-enriched genomic region of 70 kb showed that acetylation of histone H3 at Lys9 and Lys14 peaks at the SATB1-binding site and extends over a region of roughly 10 kb covering genes regulated by SATB1. By contrast, in Satb1-null thymocytes, this site is marked by methylation at H3 Lys9. We propose SATB1 as a new type of gene regulator with a novel nuclear architecture, providing sites for tissue-specific organization of DNA sequences and regulating region-specific histone modification.
Summary of 2012 Cochrane collaboration meta-analysis covering newer generation antidepressants for depressive disorders in children and adolescents

The Cochrane Collaboration recently published a meta-analysis on the use of newer generation antidepressants for the treatment of depressive disorders in children and adolescent patients. This article summarizes their findings.
Psychological Assessments of Bariatric Surgery Patients. Development, Reliability, and Exploratory Factor Analysis of the PsyBari

Background Bariatric surgery patients are required to receive psychological clearance before they are eligible for surgery. In spite of this, there are no standard assessment practices or tests designed specifically for these evaluations.
Capturing social value in UX projects

In this experience report, authors detail how qualitative User Experience (UX) research aligned the interests of UX researchers with the interests of the communities being investigated to increase participant engagement. Because UX research is designed to maximize insights into user motivation, part of UX ethical concerns should include how insights get integrated into the communities where the technology is deployed. This report discusses successes and challenges of drawing conclusions from qualitative research in an annual art event. In the Fargo-Moorhead Art Marathon, content creators collected user data, collaboratively strategized with participants, and refined a three-year-old event that has grown from a loose assortment of performances into a ten-day multi-mediated art event created for alternative art engagement. The authors, who conducted initial research to create a phone app to track the participant progress, report on how event data during was evaluated and folded into the next iteration.
Nimbyism vs. environmentalism in attitudes toward energy development

Nimbyism (‘Not in My Backyard’ opinions) and environmentalism are distinct concepts, but are easily confounded in practice. Do people object to proposed developments because they are environmentalists or because the developments are too close to where they live? This question is addressed using data from two public opinion surveys of Californians regarding their attitudes toward oil drilling. Our surveys allow examination of both environmentalism and Nimby effects among people who live within view of offshore oil platforms, among people who live in the same region, and among people who live quite far away. We find strong evidence that environmentalism influences attitudes, but no evidence of nimbyism – despite the fact that many respondents live in an area that is reputed to be a centre of anti-oil, Nimby behaviour. This suggests that nimbyism might be a pattern of political activism, rather than of public opinion.
A Protein-Protein Interaction Map of Trypanosome ∼20S Editosomes

Mitochondrial mRNA editing in trypanosomatid parasites involves several multiprotein assemblies, including three very similar complexes that contain the key enzymatic editing activities and sediment at ∼20S on glycerol gradients. These ∼20S editosomes have a common set of 12 proteins, including enzymes for uridylyl (U) removal and addition, 2 RNA ligases, 2 proteins with RNase III-like domains, and 6 proteins with predicted oligonucleotide binding (OB) folds. In addition, each of the 3 distinct ∼20S editosomes contains a different RNase III-type endonuclease, 1 of 3 related proteins and, in one case, an additional exonuclease. Here we present a protein-protein interaction map that was obtained through a combination of yeast two-hybrid analysis and subcomplex reconstitution with recombinant protein. This map interlinks ten of the proteins and in several cases localizes the protein region mediating the interaction, which often includes the predicted OB-fold domain. The results indicate that the OB-fold proteins form an extensive protein-protein interaction network that connects the two trimeric subcomplexes that catalyze U removal or addition and RNA ligation. One of these proteins, KREPA6, interacts with the OB-fold zinc finger protein in each subcomplex that interconnects their two catalytic proteins. Another OB-fold protein, KREPA3, appears to link to the putative endonuclease subcomplex. These results reveal a physical organization that underlies the coordination of the various catalytic and substrate binding activities within the ∼20S editosomes during the editing process.
Internal strain (stress) in an SiCAl particle-reinforced composite: an X-ray diffraction study

Abstract SiC and aluminum alloy 6061 posses very different thermal expansion coefficients: 3.3 × 10 −6 K −1 and 22.5 × 10 −6 K −1 respectively. Thus, we expect large internal strains and stresses in these composites because the two constituents form interfacial bonds at high temperatures and are cooled to ambient temperatures. From a simple elastic model, we expect a hydrostatic tensile stress in the aluminum matrix and a hydrostatic compressive stress in the SiC particles. Using conventional back-reflection diffraction geometry with Cu Kα radiation, we studied three surfaces of a plate speciment. For both phases, we determined the unit-cell dimensions for two situations: unmixed and mixed in the final composite. The SiC particles showed a compressive stress and the aluminum matrix a tensile stress, equal to 75% of the yield strength. Measurements and theory show that both stress tensors are approximately hydrostatic.
Diffusion of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonists in cardiac sarcolemmal lipid multibilayers.

A membrane bilayer pathway model has been proposed for the interaction of dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel antagonists with receptors in cardiac sarcolemma (Rhodes, D.G., J.G. Sarmiento, and L.G. Herbette. 1985. Mol. Pharmacol. 27:612–623) involving drug partition into the bilayer with subsequent receptor binding mediated (though probably not rate-limited) by diffusion within the bilayer. Recently, we have characterized the partition step, demonstrating that DHPs reside, on a time-average basis, near the bilayer hydrocarbon core/water interface. Drug distribution about this interface may define a plane of local concentration for lateral diffusion within the membrane. The studies presented herein examine the diffusional dynamics of an active rhodamine-labeled DHP and a fluorescent phospholipid analogue (DiIC16) in pure cardiac sarcolemmal lipid multibilayer preparations as a function of bilayer hydration. At maximal bilayer hydration, the drug diffuses over macroscopic distances within the bilayer at a rate identical to that of DiI (D = 3.8 X 10(-8) cm2/s), demonstrating the overall feasibility of the membrane diffusion model. The diffusion coefficients for both drug and lipid decreased substantially as the bilayers were dehydrated. While identical at maximal hydration, drug diffusion was significantly slower than that of DiIC16 in partially dehydrated bilayers, probably reflecting differences in mass distribution of these probes in the bilayer.
PS3-5: Extending HMORN Partnerships: The New Midwest Research Network

Background/Aims The HMO Research Network’s (HMORN) key values center on collaboration and teamwork to improve individual and population health. The HMORN has a renewed interest in forming external partnerships beyond current HMORN members. Minnesota has historically been on the forefront of health reform and innovation. Providers, payers, higher education, and government agencies in Minnesota have worked collectively in the areas of quality improvement and measurement, payment reform, and public health. Building on and extending the success of the HMORN model of research, HealthPartners Institute for Education and Research (the Institute) initiated a regional model of collaborative research in Minnesota.
Top management team compensation: The missing link between CEO pay and firm performance?

In this research we discuss the relationship between CEO and top management team (TMT) member compensation, and explore the implications of TMT pay for firm performance. Specifically, we suggest that firm performance may benefit due to agency and group behavioral issues when top management team member pay is aligned—alignment is defined as the degree to which TMT member pay reflects (1) shareholder interests and (2) key political and strategic contingencies within the firm. In support of our theorizing, we found CEO pay to be related to TMT pay; TMT compensation, in turn, predicted performance (i.e., return on assets and Tobin's q) when aligned with shareholder interests and internal contingencies. Moreover, the effect of CEO pay on future firm performance was dependent on top team pay. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transformation of a set of slices rotated on a common axis to a set of Z-slices: Application to three-dimensional visualization of the in vivo human lens

A technique that transforms a set of images acquired as a rotating frame about an axis (Z axis) into a set of images along the Z axis is presented. This technique is applied to the three-dimensional visualization of the in vivo human lens. A Scheimpflug slit camera acquired 60 optical images through the in vivo human lens. Between each image acquisition the plane containing the slit beam of light was sequentially rotated. This set of 60 images was transformed into a new stack of images on the Z axis. The transformed stack of Z images was visualized with volume rendering software.
Multiple On-Off Valve Control for a Launch Vehicle Tank Pressurization System

Pressure control inside the propellant tanks of a pump-fed space launch vehicle is almost always a e ight-critical task. Pressures are commonly controlled by admitting helium from high-pressure reservoirs into the propellant tank free volumes, or ullages. Controlled pressures must often satisfy the competing needs of engine net positive suction head, e ight dynamic pressures, tank structural stability, and tank maximum expected operating pressure. Heliume owsareusuallygovernedbyeitherregulators,proportionalvalves,oron ‐offsolenoidvalvesimplementing relay logic leading to control limit cycles. A new control scheme using on ‐off solenoid valves to approximate the performance of a proportional e ow control valve has been synthesized for both stages of a space launch vehicle. This control system uses the same valves required by a competing limit cycle system but signie cantly improves system robustness in the face of system uncertainties, including initial engine oute ow rates, ullage volumes, and helium-to-propellant heat transfer rates. Simulations indicate ullage pressures can be maintained within a 5-psi band at all times, despite the slow 25-Hz data communication rate assumed for this vehicle. Furthermore, the control logic provides a simple way to incorporate additional feedback signals such as engine pressure into the control loop to further improve tracking accuracy.
Mössbauer spectral studies of the interaction between triphenyltin compounds and Ceratocystis ulmi

Triphenyltin compounds have been found to inhibit the growth ofCeratocystis ulmi, the fungal agent of Dutch elm disease. To determine where the tin compounds interacted with the fungus cell, tin Mossbauer spectra of the treated cells, cell walls, and cellular organelles were measured at 80K. The compounds examined included triphenyltin bromide, chloride, hydroxide, and iodide. The spectra of the whole cells were different from the spectra of the solid tin compounds and exhibited two major lines whose parameters were the same for all cells. This suggests that the tin compounds were bound to the cell as the triphenyltin cation. The same spectrum appears with cell-wall fraction, and a weak signal is present in the spectrum of treated cellular fractions. These results suggest that the tin compounds are bound to the cell walls.
A new proof of Rosenbrock's theorem on pole assignment

A new constructive proof is given of a theorem by Rosenbrock on changing the poles of a finite-dimensional linear time-invariant dynamical system by linear constant state feedback. The necessity of Rosenbrock's conditions is proven by a geometrical argument. The sufficiency of these conditions is established by means of a recursion to construct feedbacks. The algorithms for the recursion are proven in this paper, and the author has implemented the algorithms with computer programs.
Mini- and micro-processors and FASTBUS in the experimental program at BNL

The use of small processors in the experimental program at Brookhaven is reviewed. FASTBUS, a new data acquisition system, as developed at BNL is also reviewed. New directions that are planned in these areas are discussed.
ATM-dependent suppression of stress signaling reduces vascular disease in metabolic syndrome

Summary Metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance and atherosclerosis. Here, we show that deficiency of one or two alleles of ATM, the protein mutated in the cancer-prone disease ataxia telangiectasia, worsens features of the metabolic syndrome, increases insulin resistance, and accelerates atherosclerosis in apoE −/− mice. Transplantation with ATM −/− as compared to ATM +/+ bone marrow increased vascular disease. Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity was increased in ATM-deficient cells. Treatment of ATM +/+ apoE −/− mice with low-dose chloroquine, an ATM activator, decreased atherosclerosis. In an ATM-dependent manner, chloroquine decreased macrophage JNK activity, decreased macrophage lipoprotein lipase activity (a proatherogenic consequence of JNK activation), decreased blood pressure, and improved glucose tolerance. Chloroquine also improved metabolic abnormalities in ob/ob and db/db mice. These results suggest that ATM-dependent stress pathways mediate susceptibility to the metabolic syndrome and that chloroquine or related agents promoting ATM activity could modulate insulin resistance and decrease vascular disease.
A Surprising Covariance Involving the Minimum Of Multivariate Normal Variables

Aformula is provided for the covariance of X 1 with the minimum of the multivariate normal vector (X1, X2, … Xn ). The resulting expression has an intuitive interpretation as the weighted average of then covariances of X1 with X1, X2, … Xn , where the ith weight equals the probability that X1 is the minimum. The formula is surprising for several reasons. First, results involving extrema of order statistics in the presence of correlation are usually much more complex. Second, anattempt at adirect proof runs into difficulties involving the nontrivial distinction between a conditional expectation and an ordinary covariance. Finally, although these difficulties are genuine on a term-by-term basis, they cancel out when weighted and combined. The geometric interpretation in n-dimensional space is that although the vector of covariances of X1 with (X1, X2, … Xn ) is in general different from the vector of appropriate conditional expectations, these vectors always have the same projection on to the vector of prob...