cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyber-Affairs: “What's the Big Deal?” Therapeutic Considerations

SUMMARY It can be estimated that 50-60% of married men and 45-55% of married women engage in extramarital sex at some time or another during their marriage and almost half come to therapy because of it. On-line infidelity accounts for a growing trend in reasons given for divorce according to the President of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers and it is believed that it has been greatly underestimated. Because of the unfamiliarity and newness of this type of infidelity, mental health professionals are often unfamiliar with the dynamics associated with the concept of cyber-affairs and “virtual cheating.” Many in fact do not consider the behavior as infidelity. It is the purpose of this paper to explore this phenomenon, the cyber-affair, and examine the factors influencing it, the unique problems associated with this type of affair, along with a discussion of the therapeutic considerations.
Deep Donor-Acceptor Pair Luminescence in Codoped GaN

Deep level defects formed in p-type GaN:Mg codoped with shallow donors have been investigated by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. A donor-acceptor pair (DAP) luminescence band peaked at 2.45 eV dominates the room temperature PL spectrum in heavily codoped epilayers. A superlinear dependence of PL intensity on excitation density is observed for this band, with an exponent of 1.4∼1.7. The intensity of this band increases with increasing temperature with a maximum at 264K. To explain the luminescent behavior a DAP model was developed whereby the recombination involves a deep donor and shallow Mg acceptor. The deep donor is tentatively attributed to a DX center.
Clinical studies with high flow nasal cannula oxygen delivery in 2015

HFNC devices can provide humidified oxygen at high flow rates with high FiO 2 s. This method of oxygen delivery appears to be more comfortable than using noninvasive ventilation, and it does improve oxygenation, reduce respiratory rates, and reduce the sense of dyspnea. This modality has been studied most in patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. The study reported by Frat et al provides good evidence that patients with moderate to severe respiratory failure (PaO 2 /FiO 2 < 200) may benefit the most. The more complex the patient’s underlying medical problems are the more likely HFNC therapy to fail
Rule of Law in the Government-University Relationship in the Reform of Higher Education System:Reflections on the Doctoral Post Application of Northwest University of Political Science

In the recent years,quite a few events have taken place in the doctoral post application,which reveals some problems with the government-university relationship. With the passage of time,the government-university relationship in China has gone through the stages of cooperation,control,centralization of power,reform and exploration with different features in each stage. In a modern society,rule of law should be exercised through construction of a government with limited liability and unlimited service and universities with limited autonomy and unlimited self-control so as to guarantee the smooth reform of the higher education system and promote the development of higher education.
Antibody levels of Influenza A(H1N1) and the immunization effects of vaccine among healthy people in Daxing in 2009

Objective To understand the antibody levels of influenza A(H1N1) among healthy people and the immunization effects of H1N1 vaccine,and to offer scientific basis for using vaccine.Methods 200 subjects were randomly selected among various age groups from PangGeZhang town,AnDing town,HangCun town,YiZhuang town and XingFeng Street.And 50 people were selected from all age groups as immune effect evaluation subjects.Totally 250 serum samples were collected to detect the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) antibody against influenza A (H1N1) 2009 virus.Results Among the 200 participates in this survey,48 showed positive HI antibody to this pandemic virus,the sero-positivie rate was 24%,and GMT was 1:80.25.There were no significant differences on the sero-positivity between different sex and places.The age group of 10 ～20 years old and aged 60 and over have the highest protective antibody positive rates,which were 42% and 40%,respectively.50 subjects were once vaccinated by the vaccine,their immune successful rate was 92% and the GMT increased by 8.7 times compared with before vaccination.Conclusion Conclusion More than 24% of the population in Daxing showed protective antibody against influenza A(H1N1) 2009 virus.The vaccine demonstrated a good epidemiological effect.
In defense of a supernatural foundation to morality: reply to Shermer

In my original paper, I claimed that our moral obligations are real, objective, and grounded in the supernatural. In particular, I endorsed the claim that God's will is the basis or source of our moral obligations, where "God" is to be understood as the theistic being who is omnibenevolent, omniscient, and omnipotent, who created the universe, and who is still actively involved in the universe after creating it. In his critical article, Michael Shermer has raised a number of important challenges to my view. Here I try to defend the position and respond to at least his most serious objections.
The Emerging Issue of Digital Empathy.

Empathy can have strong positive effects on patient outcomes, increase patient satisfaction, and reduce malpractice litigation. With modern advances in technology, however, the appropriate expression of empathy in today’s age is being threatened, largely as a result of psychological processes that form online disinhibition. The digitization of health care and the corresponding decrease in the expression of empathy may be cause for concern. Because empathy is strongly correlated to positive health outcomes and is an important part of health professions in general, the construct of digital empathy should be considered for integration into health professions curricula.
Inferring origin-destination pairs and utility-based travel preferences of shared mobility system users in a multi-modal environment

This paper presents a methodological framework to identify population-wide traveler type distribution and simultaneously infer individual travelers’ Origin-Destination (OD) pairs, based on the individual records of a shared mobility (bike) system use in a multimodal travel environment. Given the information about the travelers’ outbound and inbound bike stations under varied price settings, the developed Selective Set Expectation Maximization (SSEM) algorithm infers an underlying distribution of travelers over the given traveler “types,” or “classes,” treating each traveler’s OD pair as a latent variable; the inferred most likely traveler type for each traveler then informs their most likely OD pair. The experimental results based on simulated data demonstrate high SSEM learning accuracy both on the aggregate and dissagregate levels.
[Determination method for 17 pesticides in common in whole blood by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry with solid-phase extraction sample cleanup].

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 17 common pesticides in whole blood by solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS).Methods Whole blood samples were treated by extraction with acetonitrile,and the obtained extract was cleaned up using an Oasis HLB SPE cartridge; pesticides were separated by GC and quantitatively analyzed by MS with selected ion monitoring.Results The concentrations of 17 pesticides in whole blood were 1.0-5.0 mg/L,and the recovery rate was 41.3-102.1％,with a relative standard deviation of less than 10％ in most pesticides.The 17 pesticides showed a good linear relationship between concentration and peak area within 0.5-5.0 mg/L,with a correlation coefficient of 0.9945-0.9994.The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 0.02-0.05 mg/L and 0.05-0.09 mg/L,respectively.Conclusion With this method,17 pesticides in whole blood can be well separated and determined.This method has high sensitivity,accuracy,and precision and can be used for identification and quantification of muhiple pesticides in blood samples. Key words: Blood; Pesticides; Chromatography, gas
Peripherally inserted central catheters.

Abstract Peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) can meet the needs of patients requiring short- to intermediate-term intravenous therapy in a variety of settings. PICCs minimise insertion and catheter-related complications when compared to other central venous access devices (CVADs). PICCs have been introduced in the UK mainly through innovative advanced nursing practice.
Clinical Performance of Rods, Plates, Screws, and Cages

This chapter evaluates the clinical performance of rods, plates, and cages used for spine stabilization and fusion. It covers the common damage modes for spine implants, including corrosion, ion release, fatigue, and fracture. Successful clinical performance of spine instrumentation is the goal of the original clinical intervention. Sometimes patient or surgical related factors place the implants in situations that lead to failure.. Proper training and use of implants in the hands of experienced surgeons can help minimize complications. An additional complication due to the presence of implanted devices in the spine is the development of pathology at adjacent segments to the treated ones, which is also known as adjacent segment disease. Clinical indications accompanying those retrieved implants provide valuable information to both improve implants and enhance clinical practices for the use of spinal instrumentation. Therefore, the number of choices of spinal instrumentation for treatment of various indications has increased dramatically over the last two decades. In addition to understanding indications and proper surgical techniques, clinicians and design engineers can also learn from the clinical performance of spine implants to design the next generation of implants. Successful procedures with positive patient outcomes not requiring re-operation are great examples from which to learn. In addition, damage modes or indications for retrieval can also provide valuable information for both the clinicians and design engineers as the next generation of implants continues to be developed.
The Alternative Path, Weaving through Global Capitalism: Mozambique

Shortly after independence in 1975, a Marxist government in Mozambique sought to loosen its ties to South Africa’s apartheid system. Mozambique approached multinational corporations in the US and Western Europe to do business. Their reply was: sorry, chum, you must deal with our regional affiliate (which is in Johannesburg). Even today, if a parent company does agree to fill an order, say, for urgently needed spare parts, delivery time from Europe is at least four or five months. It can take weeks to get a technician out to Mozambique from Europe to repair one of the country’s few printing presses, but only a couple of days from Johannesburg, an eight-hour drive from Maputo.
Crystal structure of the antigen‐binding fragment of a monoclonal antibody specific for the multidrug‐resistance‐linked ABC transporter human P‐glycoprotein

P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is a polyspecific ATP-dependent transporter linked to multidrug resistance in cancers that plays important roles in the pharmaco­kinetics of a large number of drugs. The drug-resistance phenotype of P-gp can be modulated by the monoclonal antibody UIC2, which specifically recognizes human P-gp in a conformation-dependent manner. Here, the purification, sequence determination and high-resolution structure of the Fab fragment of UIC2 (UIC2/Fab) are reported. Purified UIC2/Fab binds human P-gp with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Crystals of UIC2/Fab are triclinic (space group P1), with unit-cell parameters a = 40.67, b = 44.91, c = 58.09 A, α = 97.62, β = 99.10, γ = 94.09°, and diffracted X-rays to 1.6 A resolution. The structure was determined by molecular replacement and refined to 1.65 A resolution. The asymmetric unit contains one molecule of UIC2/Fab, which exhibits a positively charged antigen-binding surface, suggesting that it might recognize an oppositely charged extracellular epitope of P-gp.
A Theoretical Investigation of the Structure and Optical Properties of a Silver Cluster in Solid Form and in Solution.

Using density functional theory (DFT) and linear and quadratic response time-dependent DFT, we investigated the structure and optical properties of a silver sulfide cluster with the interesting property of dual emission that was observed when in crystal form but not in solution. Since the dual fluorescence is observed only in the crystal, a supposition of stabilization of a higher-energy excited state by an excimer-like complex was analyzed by calculations for a cluster dimer, formed through π-stacking of aromatic groups bonded to the sulfur atoms. However, because of the complexity of the system, a simple one-dimensional method for dimer optimization, which works moderately well in predicting the red-shifted fluorescence compared to its absorption in a naphthalene dimer, predicts only partially the red shift for the emission energy. Interestingly, calculations of the two-photon absorption (TPA) cross-section on the optimized isolated cluster as well as the crystal structure geometry indicate significant ...
Functional Coupling of BK Channels to NMDA Receptors in Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus

The large conductance calcium- and voltage-activated potassium channel (BK channels) is widely expressed in the central nervous system. The physiological roles of BK channels and the calcium sources of their activation in mammalian brain remain not well-understood. Our proteomic and biochemical analyses of BK channels and the calcium-permeable NMDA receptors and have found that they form protein complexes in whole brain and various brain regions, consisting of the obligatory BK channel alpha-subunit and GluN1 subunits and at least the regulatory GluN2A and GluN2B subunits. We examined the functional coupling of BK channels to NMDA receptors in mice hippocampal dentate gyrus. We observed that glutamate evoked outward currents of BK channels in dentate gyrus granule cell soma at potentials more positive than −20 mV which were sensitive to BK channel-specific blocker paxilline and abolished by NMDA receptor antagonist AP-5. We also found that blockade of BK channels by paxilline increased the amplitude of excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) of granule cells evoked by stimulation in the perforant path-granule cell synapses, which was prevented by the presence of AP-5. We thus inferred that BK channels were activated by NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx in hippocampal dentate gyrus granule cells and the calcium-mediated functional coupling between these two types of channels plays a role in regulation of synaptic transmission.
Pharmacologic Considerations of Anesthetic Agents in Pediatric Patients: A Comprehensive Review

Acute pain in the pediatric population has important differences in terms of biology, intrapopulation variation, and epidemiology. Discussion as to the pharmacologic considerations of anesthetic agents, such as induction agents, neuromuscular blockers, opioids, local anesthetics, and adjuvant agents, is presented in this article. Special considerations and concerns, such as risk for propofol infusion syndrome and adverse potential side effects of anesthesia agents, are discussed. Anesthesiologists managing pediatric patients need to have a firm understanding of physiologic and pharmacologic differences compared with the adult population. Future studies to improve the understanding of pharmacokinetics in the pediatric population are needed.
A Reliability Generalization Study of the Political Skill Inventory

Measures of political skill have been shown to be significant predictors of job performance across a variety of occupations and have consistently been related to positive work-related behaviors and outcomes. A reliability generalization study was conducted on the Political Skill Inventory (PSI), currently the most frequently utilized measuring instrument for assessing the construct of political skill, to determine the weighted mean internal consistency reliability estimate of the PSI and its four dimensions across samples while also examining the effect of six potential sources of measurement error that may impact the internal consistency reliability of the PSI and its four dimensions. Across the samples that reported a reliability estimate for the Ferris et al. 18-item PSI measure, the weighted mean reliability coefficient alpha of the PSI was .89 (k = 77, N = 15,987) and that for the six-item measure of the PSI was .81 (k = 11, N = 2,123). Potential sources of measurement error variance that could impac...
Comparison of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient parameters with prostate imaging reporting and data system V2 assessment for detection of clinically significant peripheral zone prostate cancer.

To compare diagnostic performance of PI-RADSv2 with ADC parameters to identify clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) and to determine the impact of csPC definitions on diagnostic performance of ADC and PI-RADSv2. We retrospectively identified treatment-naive pathology-proven peripheral zone PC patients who underwent 3T prostate MRI, using high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging from 2011 to 2015. Using 3D slicer, areas of suspected tumor (T) and normal tissue (N) on ADC (b = 0, 1400) were outlined volumetrically. Mean ADCT, mean ADCN, ADCratio (ADCT/ADCN) were calculated. PI-RADSv2 was assigned. Three csPC definitions were used: (A) Gleason score (GS) ≥ 4 + 3; (B) GS ≥ 3 + 4; (C) MRI-based tumor volume >0.5 cc. Performances of ADC parameters and PI-RADSv2 in identifying csPC were measured using nonparametric comparison of receiver operating characteristic curves using the area under the curve (AUC). Eighty five cases met eligibility requirements. Diagnostic performances (AUC) in identifying csPC using three definitions were: (A) ADCT (0.83) was higher than PI-RADSv2 (0.65, p = 0.006); (B) ADCT (0.86) was higher than ADCratio (0.68, p < 0.001), and PI-RADSv2 (0.70, p = 0.04); (C) PI-RADSv2 (0.73) performed better than ADCratio (0.56, p = 0.02). ADCT performance was higher when csPC was defined by A or B versus C (p = 0.038 and p = 0.01, respectively). ADCratio performed better when csPC was defined by A versus C (p = 0.01). PI-RADSv2 performance was not affected by csPC definition. When csPC was defined by GS, ADC parameters provided better csPC discrimination than PI-RADSv2, with ADCT providing best result. When csPC was defined by MRI-calculated volume, PI-RADSv2 provided better discrimination than ADCratio. csPC definition did not affect PI-RADSv2 diagnostic performance.
All-optical switch based on 4-wave mixing in Si waveguides

Four-wave mixing has been proposed as means for low-noise, low-power all-optical control of light on chip. In our recent work, we have experimentally demonstrated a transistor-like all-optical logic gate in a silicon waveguide. This gate is optimal when operated in the SWIR and mid-IR regimes.
Muscarinic receptor subtype distribution in the central nervous system and relevance to aging and Alzheimer's disease

Abstract Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) that mediate the metabotropic actions of acetylcholine (ACh). There are five subtypes of mAChR, M1 - M5, which are expressed throughout the central nervous system (CNS) on numerous cell types and represent promising treatment targets for a number of different diseases, disorders, and conditions of the CNS. Although the present review will focus on Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a number of conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD), schizophrenia, and others represent significant unmet medical needs for which selective muscarinic agents could offer therapeutic benefits. Numerous advances have been made regarding mAChR localization through the use of subtype-selective antibodies and radioligand binding studies and these efforts have helped propel a number of mAChR therapeutics into clinical trials. However, much of what we know about mAChR localization in the healthy and diseased brain has come from studies employing radioligand binding with relatively modest selectivity. The development of subtype-selective small molecule radioligands suitable for in vitro and in vivo use, as well as robust, commercially-available antibodies remains a critical need for the field. Additionally, novel genetic tools should be developed and leveraged to help move the field increasingly towards a systems-level understanding of mAChR subtype action. Finally, functional, proteomic, and genetic data from ongoing human studies hold great promise for optimizing the design and interpretation of studies examining receptor levels by enabling patient stratification. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled ‘Neuropharmacology on Muscarinic Receptors’.
The Decline of the National State

According to David Jacobson, author of the recently published and sociologically rich book, Rights Across Borders: Immigration and the Decline of Citizenship, a number of developments especially since World War II and centered in the Occident have raised the possibility that a transformation of the nation-state is under way such that the principle of national sovereignty and self-determination is being undermined by the increasing jurisdiction of a code of universal human rights (2). It is not only the Maastricht Treaty, the European Union, and attempts to establish a common European currency-the Euro-that point to this possibility but also, above all, significant transnational migration of populations. For example, by 1990, the proportion of the foreign population in Germany was 8.2%; in France, 6.4%; and in Sweden, 5.6% (158). By the late 1980s, the number of illegal immigrants entering California alone approximated 200,000 annually. The crux of the problem is not illegal immigration per se, although the inability of the national state to maintain its borders might eventually call into question its cultural distinctiveness, hence its survival. Rather, what is key to Jacobson's perceived transformation is the apparent willingness of various western states to tolerate seemingly indefinitely the continued presence within their respective borders of immigrant populations as foreign nationals. One effect of the presence of such large foreign populations in these national states, Jacobson (9) argues, has been that "social, civil, economic,
The Nobel Laureates in Literature of the African Diaspora

(2012). The Nobel Laureates in Literature of the African Diaspora. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 6, No. 2, pp. 133-141.
Nonlocal Artificial Boundary Conditions for Computation of External Viscous Flows

Artificial Boundary Conditions (ABCs) furnish a widely used approach for the numerical treatment of problems initially formulated on unbounded domains. These boundary conditions are typically set at the external boundary of the finite computational domain (CD) once the latter is obtained from the original unbounded domain by means of truncation. Implementation of the ABCs enables completing the “truncated problem” and, therefore, making it available for solution on the computer.
An ASP Based Approach to Answering Questions for Natural Language Text

An approach based on answer set programming (ASP) is proposed in this paper for representing knowledge generated from natural language text. Knowledge in the text is modeled using a Neo Davidsonian-like formalism, represented as an answer set program. Relevant common sense knowledge is additionally imported from resources such as WordNet and represented in ASP. The resulting knowledge-base can then be used to perform reasoning with the help of an ASP system. This approach can facilitate many natural language tasks such as automated question answering, text summarization, and automated question generation. ASP-based representation of techniques such as default reasoning, hierarchical knowledge organization, preferences over defaults, etc., are used to model common-sense reasoning methods required to accomplish these tasks. In this paper we describe the CASPR system that we have developed to automate the task of answering natural language questions given English text. CASPR can be regarded as a system that answers questions by “understanding” the text and has been tested on the SQuAD data set, with promising results.
A New Role for NtrC: Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae nifL Activity

The nitrogen regulatory protein NtrC (also called NRI) of enteric bacteria is an enhancer-binding protein that activates transcription by σ54-holoenzyme (e. g. of the ntfLA and glnA operons). To activate transcription NtrC must be phosphorylated on a conserved aspartate residue, a reaction that occurs under nitrogen-limiting conditions. Phosphorylated NtrC, which forms a large oligomer, has an ATPase activity that is essential for transcriptional activation (Porter et al., 1995)
Comparing rib cortical thickness measurements from computed tomography (CT) and Micro-CT.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to compare cortical thickness of rib specimens scanned with clinical computed tomography (clinical-CT) at 0.5 and 1.0 mm slice thickness versus micro-CT at 0.05 mm slice thickness. Cortical thickness variation and accuracy was explored by anatomical region (anterior vs. lateral) and cross-sectional quadrants (superior, interior, inferior, and exterior). Methods A validated cortical thickness algorithm was applied to clinical-CT and micro-CT scans of 17 rib specimens from six male post mortem human subjects aged 42–81 years. Each rib specimen was segmented and the thickness measurements were partitioned into cross-sectional quadrants in the anterior and lateral regions of the rib. Within each rib quadrant, the following were calculated: average thickness ± standard deviation, mean thickness difference between clinical-CT and micro-CT, and a thickness ratio between clinical-CT and micro-CT. Correlations from linear regression and paired-t tests were determined for paired clinical-CT and micro-CT results. Results On average, the 0.5 mm clinical-CT underestimated the micro-CT thickness by 0.005 mm, while the 1.0 mm clinical-CT overestimated the micro-CT thickness by 0.149 mm. Thickness derived from 0.5 mm clinical-CT showed greater significant linear correlations (p Conclusions The small mean differences and thickness ratios near 1 show validation for the cortical thickness algorithm when applied to rib clinical-CT scans. Using clinical-CT scans as way to accurately measure rib cortical thickness offers a non-invasive way to analyze millions of CT scans collected each year from males and females of all ages.
Novel Immunologic Approaches in Lymphoma: Unleashing the Brakes on the Immune System

Immunotherapy is a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of lymphoma. The programmed death-1 (PD-1)/PD-ligand immune checkpoint pathway has been manipulated by tumor cells and serves as a mechanism of tumor evasion from the anti-tumor immune response. The recent development of anti-PD-1 antibodies has offered a therapeutic strategy for restoring the function of exhausted antigen-specific T cells and enhancing the endogenous anti-tumor immunity. We review the clinical studies demonstrating efficacy and safety of PD-1 antibodies in relapsed/refractory Hodgkin, follicular, and diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Principles learned in the development of immune checkpoint blockade provide the foundation for immunotherapy under clinical investigation.
Asymptomatic acute inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction from thermal injury complicating radiofrequency ablation for atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia.

One of the more common regular supraventricular tachyarrhythmias encountered in clinical practice is atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Catheter-based radiofrequency ablation is becoming a common modality for the treatment of symptomatic tachyarrhythmias. It is safe and effective, but complications can occur. We present a patient with asymptomatic acute inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction from thermal injury following radiofrequency modification of the "slow pathway" for the treatment of AVNRT. This case illustrates an unusual mechanism leading to acute myocardial infarction as a complication of a commonly performed electrophysiology procedure that should be recognized by both inrerventionalists and electrophysiologists and treated aggressively with percutaneous revascularization.
BRAFV600E Inhibitor Radiosensitizes Thyroid Cancer-Response.

We thank Gottgens and colleagues on providing insightful comments on our article ([1][1]). We agree that vemurafenib will commonly induce G1 arrest in BRAF-mutant tumor cells, but this typically happens over the course of 12–24 hours or longer. We were observing higher levels of γH2AX within
Enhancing materials property prediction by leveraging computational and experimental data using deep transfer learning

The current predictive modeling techniques applied to Density Functional Theory (DFT) computations have helped accelerate the process of materials discovery by providing significantly faster methods to scan materials candidates, thereby reducing the search space for future DFT computations and experiments. However, in addition to prediction error against DFT-computed properties, such predictive models also inherit the DFT-computation discrepancies against experimentally measured properties. To address this challenge, we demonstrate that using deep transfer learning, existing large DFT-computational data sets (such as the Open Quantum Materials Database (OQMD)) can be leveraged together with other smaller DFT-computed data sets as well as available experimental observations to build robust prediction models. We build a highly accurate model for predicting formation energy of materials from their compositions; using an experimental data set of $$1,643$$ observations, the proposed approach yields a mean absolute error (MAE) of $$0.07$$ eV/atom, which is significantly better than existing machine learning (ML) prediction modeling based on DFT computations and is comparable to the MAE of DFT-computation itself. Machine-learning approaches based on DFT computations can greatly enhance materials discovery. Here the authors leverage existing large DFT-computational data sets and experimental observations by deep transfer learning to predict the formation energy of materials from their elemental compositions with high accuracy.
Why I teach growth mindset

The struggles of marginalized students, mentees and peers in astronomy and physics can be amplified by negative ‘fixed’ mindsets. Here are ways we can address mindset in our labs, our classrooms and ourselves.
Essential Long-Term Care Workers Commonly Hold Second Jobs and Double- or Triple-Duty Caregiving Roles.

Objectives Long-term care (LTC) facilities are particularly dangerous places for the spread of COVID-19 given that they house vulnerable high-risk populations. Transmission-based precautions to protect residents, employees, and families alike must account for potential risks posed by LTC workers' second jobs and unpaid care work. This observational study describes the prevalence of their (1) second jobs, and (2) unpaid care work for dependent children and/or adult relatives (double- and triple-duty caregiving) overall and by occupational group (registered nurses [RNs], licensed practical nurses [LPNs], or certified nursing assistants [CNAs]). Design A descriptive secondary analysis of data collected as part of the final wave of the Work, Family and Health Study. Setting Thirty nursing home facilities located throughout the northeastern United States. Participants A subset of 958 essential facility-based LTC workers involved in direct patient care. Measurements We present information on LTC workers' demographic characteristics, health, features of their LTC occupation, additional paid work, wages, and double- or triple-duty caregiving roles. Results Most LTC workers were CNAs, followed by LPNs and RNs. Overall, more than 70% of these workers agreed or strongly agreed with this statement: "When you are sick, you still feel obligated to come into work." One-sixth had a second job, where they worked an average of 20 hours per week, and more than 60% held double- or triple-duty caregiving roles. Additional paid work and unpaid care work characteristics did not significantly differ by occupational group, although the prevalence of second jobs was highest and accompanying work hours were longest among CNAs. Conclusion LTC workers commonly hold second jobs along with double- and triple-duty caregiving roles. To slow the spread of COVID-19, both the paid and unpaid activities of these employees warrant consideration in the identification of appropriate clinical, policy, and informal supports. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:1657-1660, 2020.
Modulation of polycystic kidney disease by G-protein coupled receptors and cyclic AMP signaling

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is a systemic disorder associated with polycystic liver disease (PLD) and other extrarenal manifestations, the most common monogenic cause of end-stage kidney disease, and a major burden for public health. Many studies have shown that alterations in G-protein and cAMP signaling play a central role in its pathogenesis. As for many other diseases (35% of all approved drugs target G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) or proteins functioning upstream or downstream from GPCRs), treatments targeting GPCR have shown effectiveness in slowing the rate of progression of ADPKD. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin V2 receptor antagonist is the first drug approved by regulatory agencies to treat rapidly progressive ADPKD. Long-acting somatostatin analogs have also been effective in slowing the rates of growth of polycystic kidneys and liver. Although no treatment has so far been able to prevent the development or stop the progression of the disease, these encouraging advances point to G-protein and cAMP signaling as a promising avenue of investigation that may lead to more effective and safe treatments. This will require a better understanding of the relevant GPCRs, G-proteins, cAMP effectors, and of the enzymes and A-kinase anchoring proteins controlling the compartmentalization of cAMP signaling. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of general GPCR signaling; the function of polycystin-1 (PC1) as a putative atypical adhesion GPCR (aGPCR); the roles of PC1, polycystin-2 (PC2) and the PC1-PC2 complex in the regulation of calcium and cAMP signaling; the cross-talk of calcium and cAMP signaling in PKD; and GPCRs, adenylyl cyclases, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, and protein kinase A as therapeutic targets in ADPKD.
Negative Consequences of Storytelling in Native Advertising

Abstract Native advertising and storytelling are both increasingly popular advertising strategies. This research explores the effectiveness of storytelling in a native advertising context on social media. While most research recommends the use of stories as a way to build trust and relationships with consumers, the current research suggests that in the form of native ads on social media, narratives may be less effective when compared to informational native ads. Two studies find that even when advertising cues such as disclosure labels and brand presence are prominently located, consumers are less likely to recognize the advertising nature of narrative native ads when compared to informational native ads. Lower levels of advertising recognition are associated with increased perceptions of manipulative intentions by the advertiser, which has a negative influence on consumers' attitudes toward the ad. The findings suggest that native ads that clearly communicate their advertising nature through cues such as an informational execution, high brand presence, and prominent disclosure labeling are more effective than a narrative execution style.
Distributed Kriging-Bootstrapped DNN Model for Fast, Accurate Seizure Detection from EEG Signals

The modeling of the brain as a three-dimensional spatial object, similar to a geographical landscape, has the paved way for the successful application of Kriging methods in solving the seizure detection problem with good performance but in cubic computational time complexity. The Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been widely used for seizure detection due to its effectiveness in classification tasks, although at the cost of a protracted training time. While Kriging exploits the spatial correlation between data locations, DNN relies on its capacity to learn intrinsic representations within the dataset from the basest unit parts. This paper presents a Distributed Kriging-Bootstrapped Deep Neural Network (DNN) model as a twofold solution for fast and accurate seizure detection using brain signals collected with the electroencephalogram (EEG) from healthy subjects and patients of epilepsy. The proposed model parallelizes the Kriging computation into different cores in a machine and then produces a strongly correlated, unified quasi-output data which serves as an input to the Deep Neural Network. Experimental results validate the proposed model as superior to conventional Kriging methods and DNN by training in 91% less time than the basic DNN and about three times as fast as the ordinary Kriging-Bootstrapped Deep Neural Network (DNN) model while maintaining good performance in terms of sensitivity, specificity and testing accuracy compared to other models and existing works.
Tumors Negate the Action of ImpL2 by Elevating Wingless

Tumors often secrete wasting factors associated with atrophy and degeneration of host tissues. If tumors were affected by the wasting factors, mechanisms allowing tumors to evade the adverse effects of the wasting factors must exist and impairing such mechanisms may attenuate tumors. We used Drosophila midgut tumor models to show that tumors upregulate Wingless (Wg) to oppose the growth-impeding effects caused by the wasting factor, ImpL2 (Insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-related protein). Growth of Yorkie (Yki)-induced tumors is dependent on Wg while either elimination of ImpL2 or elevation of Insulin/IGF signaling in tumors revokes this dependency. Notably, Wg augmentation could be a general mechanism for supporting the growth of tumors with elevated ImpL2 and exploited to attenuate muscle degeneration during wasting. Our study elucidates the mechanism by which tumors negate the action of ImpL2 and implies that targeting the Wnt/Wg pathway might be an efficient treatment strategy for cancers with elevated IGFBPs.
Sex-specific interactions between procedural and deliberative decision-making systems in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease

A central question in aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) is when and how neural substrates underlying decision-making are altered. Here we show that while APP mice, a commonly used mouse model of AD, were able to learn Restaurant Row, a complex neuroeconomic decision-making task, they were significantly impaired in procedural, habit-forming, aspects of cognition and relied heavily on deliberation when making decisions. Surprisingly, these behavioral changes are associated with amyloid-beta (A{beta}) pathology and network remodeling in the striatum, a key brain region involved in procedural cognition. Furthermore, APP mice and control mice relied on distinct sex-specific strategies in this neuroeconomic task. These findings provide foundational pillars to examine how aging and age-related neurodegenerative diseases impact decision-making across sexes. They also highlight the need for complex behavioral tasks that allow for the dissociation of competing neurally-distinct decision-making circuits to get an accurate picture of changes in neurodegenerative models of human disease.
A Bosom Buddy Afar Brings a Distant Land Near: Are Bloggers a Global Community?

Information communication technologies on the Internet such as Usenet, Internet relay chats and multi-user dungeons have been used to enable virtual communities. However, a new form of technology, the weblog, or “blog”, has quickly risen as a means for self-expression and sharing knowledge for people across geographic distance. Though studies have focused on blogs in Western countries, our study targets the global blogging community. Inspired by previous studies that show significant differences in technology practices across cultures, we conducted a survey to investigate the influence of regional culture on a blogging community. We asked the research question of whether bloggers are more influenced by their local cultures with respect to their sense of community, or rather whether a “universal” Internet culture is a stronger influence of community feeling. Our results, based on a multilingual worldwide blogging survey of 1232 participants from four continents show that while smaller differences could be found between Eastern and Western cultures, overall the global blogging community is indeed dominated by an Internet culture that shows no profound differences across cultures. However, one significant exception was found in Japanese bloggers and their concealment of identity.
A Note On the Attitude of Pension Fund Investment Managers toward Mortgage-Backed Securities

Mortgage-backed securities (MBS) have been successful in attracting a broad variety of financial institutions to invest in the mortgage market. By attracting a variety of new types of investors to the mortgage market and by integrating the mortgage market into the more highly developed corporate capital markets, the issuance of mortgage-backed securities resulted in both enlarging and stabilizing the flow of mortgage funds. However, pension funds, the largest source of new long-term capital in the United States, invest less than 5% of their assets in mortgage- backed securities. This study reports on a survey of investment manager attitudes toward mortgage-backed securities. The results show that managers, as a whole, are not enthusiastic about increasing mortgage holdings because of the lack of call protection and other complexities associated with the mortgage-backed securities.
A paradox in African American quality of life

This study examines panel data from the National Survey of Black Americans with regard to the quality of life of African Americans between 1980 and 1992. Objective measures from current populations reports and census data (such as health, education, and income) indicate that the situation for African Americans has either stagnated or declined during this period. The present analyses show that African Americans' reports of general life satisfaction increased and there was a decline in happiness. There was no response bias that could account for the observed changes in well-being. Contrasts are drawn between these results and the existing well-being literature. Implications for further research are discussed.
Mediation of renal vascular effects of epidermal growth factor by arachidonate metabolites.

In the rat, intrarenal infusion of epidermal growth factor decreases renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces contraction of cultured rat mesangial cells. The present studies examined the role of arachidonic acid metabolites in this response. Intrarenal EGF infusion increased urinary iPGF2 alpha by 300%, and in isolated glomeruli EGF stimulated iPGF2 alpha by 38%, but did not affect thromboxane B2 production. Furthermore, the thromboxane A2 receptor antagonist, SQ29548, did not block EGF's vasoconstrictive effects. After selective cyclooxygenase inhibition with ibuprofen, intrarenal EGF infusion no longer produced local vasoconstriction but instead led to systemic vasodilation (SBP: 117 +/- 10 vs. 98 +/- 7; n = 5; P less than 0.05) that was accompanied by significant increases in RPF (3.8 +/- 0.4 vs. 5.6 +/- 0.2; P less than 0.01) and glomerular filtration rate (0.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.1; P less than 0.05). When total arachidonate metabolism was inhibite...
On distribution functions of the derivatives of weakly differentiable mappings

Abstract In this paper I describe and resolve affirmatively the following question: For a function on the unit interval possessing an absolutely continuous first derivative, does the joint distribution of the function and its first derivative fully determine the distribution of the second derivative? I also describe some consequences and extensions of the result.
Marshall & Gordon: Designing an Effective Compensation System (A)

CEO Kelly Browne wrestles with the design and roll-out of a new compensation system to promote the collaboration necessary for supporting her firm's new strategy. Marshall Gordon International, a global public relations (PR) firm, has recently expanded its service offering to include Executive Positioning, which requires significantly more teamwork, higher-level client interaction and more strategically-minded consultants than their traditional PR work. This "B" case focuses on the choices the firm needs to make about roll-out, including how to measure aspects of consultants' performance, what performance management systems and processes need to support the compensation system, and who should have decision rights about consultants' variable compensation.
Serrano and Proposition 13: Comment on Isaac Martin, 'Does School Finance Litigation Cause Taxpayer Revolt'

The California Supreme Court's 1976 Serrano decision, which required equalization of school spending and property-tax bases, was followed in 1978 by Proposition 13, which severely limited property taxes. This comment explains that evidence supporting a causal connection between the two events is not flawed by the problem of ecological inference. The Serrano decision applied to school districts, not individuals, and so the behavior of voters grouped by school districts is appropriate for testing the connection. Additional evidence presented here emphasizes the need to contrast a rejected property-tax limitation in 1972 with the overwhelming support for Proposition 13 six years later.
Clathrin assembly protein AP-3. The identity of the 155K protein, AP 180, and NP185 and demonstration of a clathrin binding domain.

Abstract Three independently isolated clathrin-associated proteins have been reported that have molecular weights of approximately 155,000-185,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: the 155K protein (Keen, J. H., and Black, M. M. (1986) J. Cell Biol. 102, 1325-1333), AP 180 (Ahle, S., and Ungewickell, E. (1986) EMBO J. 5, 3143-3149), and NP185 (Kohtz, D. S., and Puszkin, S. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 7418-7425). Using two-dimensional isoelectric focusing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and one- and two-dimensional immunoblots with two different monoclonal antibodies, we show that these three proteins are identical. The term AP-3 is used to denote this protein. A preliminary analysis of the domain structure of AP-3 was done by controlled proteolysis. Trypsin treatment of AP-3 yields two distinct classes of products. The larger fragments obtained (100,000-135,000 apparent Mr) are acidic and behave anomalously on gel electrophoresis, yielding aberrantly high Mr and exhibiting poor dye binding; these characteristics are shared with intact AP-3. Trypsin also generates a smaller neutral species of approximately 30,000 Da which migrates appropriately on sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis, binds dye comparatively strongly, and behaves as a monomeric globular species in solution. In addition, this species, which is also released by a variety of other proteases, binds specifically and reversibly to clathrin-Sepharose, identifying it as a clathrin recognition domain.