cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conditions for zero thermal stresses in anisotropic multiply connected thermoelastic bodies

The conditions for zero thermal stresses in multiply connected anisotropic thermoelastic homogeneous materials are determined from a consideration of the compatibility requirements. For bodies of rectilinear anisotropy the conditions are the same as those for isotropic bodies; namely, if the body is free of surface tractions and body forces, a temperature field which is linear with respect to rectangular cartesian coordinate system results in zero stresses. A uniform temperature rise produces no stresses in a cylindrically orthotropic, multiply connected body providing the symmetry axis lies outside the body, but causes stresses when the axis intersects or is surrounded by the body. Any nonzero temperature field induces stress in a spherically orthotropic body. The deformation fields associated with each of these temperature fields are obtained by integration of the thermal strains.
Evaluation of dalbavancin alone and in combination with β-lactam antibiotics against resistant phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus

Background Emergence of reduced susceptibility to vancomycin warrants the development of new antimicrobial agents for the treatment of MRSA. We evaluated the activity of dalbavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide antibiotic, both alone and combined with β-lactams, in combination MIC testing and time-kill assays against resistant phenotypes of Staphylococcus aureus. Methods S. aureus isolates included 50 organisms with varying susceptibility patterns. Dalbavancin was tested alone and in combination with five β-lactams: cefazolin, cefepime, ceftaroline, ertapenem and oxacillin. MIC values of the antibiotics were determined for all isolates. After initial MIC testing, dalbavancin MICs were determined in the presence of 0.5 × MIC of each β-lactam to determine the effect of each β-lactam on dalbavancin MIC. Time-kill assays were performed with dalbavancin and β-lactams tested at 0.5 × MIC for randomly selected organisms representing each MRSA phenotype. Time-kill curves were generated by plotting mean colony counts (log10 cfu/mL) versus time. Results Dalbavancin MIC50 was 0.0313 mg/L and MIC90 was 0.0625 mg/L. Dalbavancin MICs decreased by zero to greater than five 2-fold dilutions in combination with each β-lactam. In time-kill assays, dalbavancin was synergistic with cefazolin, cefepime and ertapenem against all strains and the combination of dalbavancin and ceftaroline was synergistic against all but one. The combination of dalbavancin and oxacillin was synergistic against 5/8 strains. Conclusions Dalbavancin was active against all MRSA strains tested, including heteroresistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus, daptomycin-non-susceptible and linezolid-resistant isolates. The synergy demonstrated against these organisms supports the use of dalbavancin in combination with β-lactams against resistant phenotypes of S. aureus. Further evaluation is warranted.
Migration of retrobulbar wooden foreign body between diagnostic imaging and surgical extraction in a German shepherd dog.

A 2-year-old, male castrated German shepherd dog was presented to the University of Tennessee Veterinary Medical Center (UTVMC) with periorbital swelling and conjunctival mucopurulent discharge 2 days following removal of a twig from the medial canthus by the owner. Diagnostic imaging was pursued due to the suspicion of a retrobulbar foreign body (FB). A cylindrical FB approximately 3.0 cm in length and 1.0 cm in diameter with concentric rings, suspected to be wooden material, was identified on computed tomography (CT) imaging. An attempt to remove the FB via a stab incision using ultrasound guidance was unsuccessful, and postmanipulation ultrasound confirmed the FB position was unchanged. An exploratory orbitotomy was performed, using the acquired CT images for guidance in locating the FB; however, the FB was not present at the predicted site. The CT imaging was repeated and showed that the FB had migrated rostrally approximately 3.0 cm, compared to the originally acquired study and its same location during attempted ultrasound-guided removal. A combination of CT-guided needle placement and contrast injection was then used with repeat imaging in an attempt to better localize the FB and its soft tissue tract. The dog was taken back into the operating room, and the wooden FB was successfully removed.
The Relationship between Running Power and Running Economy in Well-Trained Distance Runners

A novel running wearable called the Stryd Summit footpod fastens to a runner's shoe and estimates running power. The footpod separates power output into two components, Stryd power and form power. The purpose of this study was to measure the correlations between running economy and power and form power at lactate threshold pace. Seventeen well-trained distance runners, 9 male and 8 female, completed a running protocol. Participants ran two four-minute trials: one with a self-selected cadence, and one with a target cadence lowered by 10%. The mean running economy expressed in terms of oxygen cost at self-selected cadence was 201.6 ± 12.8 mL·kg-1·km-1, and at lowered cadence was 204.5 ± 11.5 mL·kg-1·km-1. Ventilation rate and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were not significantly different between cadence conditions with one-tailed paired t-test analysis (ventilation, p = 0.77, RPE, p = 0.07). Respiratory exchange ratio and caloric unit cost were significantly greater with lower cadence condition (respiratory exchange ratio, p = 0.03, caloric unit cost, p = 0.03). Mean power at self-selected cadence was 4.4 ± 0.5 W·kg-1, and at lowered cadence was 4.4 ± 0.5 W·kg-1. Mean form power at self-selected cadence was 1.1 ± 0.1 W·kg-1, and at lowered cadence was 1.1 ± 0.1 W·kg-1. There were positive, linear correlations between running economy and power (self-selected cadence and lower cadence, r = 0.6; the 90% confidence interval was 0.2 to 0.8); running economy and form power (self-selected cadence and lower cadence r = 0.5; the 90% confidence interval was 0.1 to 0.8). The findings suggest running economy is positively correlated with Stryd's power and form power measures yet the footpod may not be sufficiently accurate to estimate differences in the running economy of competitive runners.
Reference tracking control and attenuation of unknown periodic disturbances in the presence of noise for unknown minimum‐phase LTI plants

Summary The rejection of unknown periodic disturbances in the plant output through adaptive feedback has been an active area of research. In most successful efforts, it is assumed that the plant mo...
Current Treatment Modalities for mTBI: An Interdisciplinary Model

Abstract This chapter addresses the concept and model of multi-disciplinary outpatient care for concussion and TBI. It provides fundamental concepts regarding the members of a multi-disciplinary team and the modalities of treatments and types of therapies offered by members of a specialty care team. The emphasis is on the coordination between team members and the development of individualized treatment and recovery plan based on the individual residual symptoms that may be affecting those patients with persistent symptoms. While other chapters may explain more detail, this chapter serves as an overview of the entire team and types of modalities available for treatment.
Wincing at Shakespeare: Looking B(l)ack at the Bard

This article explores how black artists and intellectuals approach, challenge, and appropriate the works of William Shakespeare. Beginning with W. E. B. Du Bois's contention “I sit with Shakespeare and he winces not,” I examine how Keith Hamilton Cobb in American Moor interrogates Shakespeare's presentation of black identity. In particular, I suggest that modes of ambivalence undergird black American engagement with Shakespeare and that this ambivalence creates the space for black artists to interrogate Shakespeare's representation of blackness and white culture's gatekeeping of the Shakespearean text and its performance while also reimagining and recasting that representation to fit their contemporaneous needs.
Three-Vessel Anastomosis for Direct Bihemispheric Cerebral Revascularization.

Background In rare, complex cerebrovascular pathologies, patients may benefit from simultaneous revascularization of multiple arterial territories. Traditional strategies for these situations include the use of more than 1 interposition graft, multiple microvascular anastomoses, vessel reimplantations, and staged procedures. Objective To improve upon traditional revascularization strategies by describing a novel 3-vessel microvascular anastomosis. This technique combines a side-to-side and an end-to-side anastomoses to facilitate simultaneous direct revascularization of 2 arterial territories in a single procedure, with a single donor vessel. Methods We present an illustrative case of moyamoya angiopathy in which a 3-vessel anastomosis was performed in the interhemispheric fissure to simultaneously directly revascularize bilateral anterior cerebral artery (ACA) territories. A detailed step-by-step depiction of the anastomosis technique is provided. In the presented case, 3-vessel anastomosis was combined with a radial artery fascial flow-through free flap, allowing for an additional indirect revascularization. Results Technical execution of the 3-vessel anastomosis was uncomplicated. The patency of the anastomosis providing direct bilateral ACA territory revascularization was demonstrated intra- and postoperatively. Conclusion With this report, we demonstrate technical feasibility of a novel 3-vessel anastomosis for direct 2 arterial territory revascularization This single-stage approach combines side-to-side and end-to-side techniques and has benefits over traditional revascularization techniques, as it is not deconstructive, requires only a single craniotomy and a single interposition graft, and does not require lengthy recipient artery dissection.
Super-resolution photoluminescence lifetime and intensity mapping of interacting CdSe/CdS quantum dots

We report an optical imaging method that simultaneously achieves nanometer-scale spatial resolution and records single-photon arrival times with subnanosecond temporal resolution, allowing for visualization of nanoscale photoluminescence dynamics. The technique combines time-correlated single-photon counting with single-molecule localization microscopy by monitoring the emission centroid location with a 2 × 2 array of optical fibers that are coupled to four single-photon counting detectors. We applied this method to image isolated and clustered CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs). Single QDs were localized with ∼5 nm precision using 104 detected photons. Within clusters, emission centroids separated by ∼12 nm were resolved, and spatial mapping of both the emission intensity and lifetime provided evidence of energy transport pathways among the QDs.
A novel compound heterozygous mutation in NBAS gene causes SOPH syndrome and liver function damage

1例主诉为"发热伴口腔疱疹5 d"的患儿发现肝功能损害和Pelger-Huёt细胞，进一步完善基因检测发现NBAS基因复合杂合变异，变异位点为c.(7041_7043delTCT)和c.(3759delC)，分别来自于父亲和母亲杂合变异，此变异位点为新发现位点。检索国内外文献发现NBAS变异以c.(5741G>A)纯合变异为常见变异位点。结合患儿的临床表现及基因检测结果，诊断为NBAS基因缺陷性疾病(SOPH综合征和肝功能损伤)明确。.
Developments in string cosmology

Abstract The second string revolution, which begin around 1995, has led to a drastic alteration in our perception of the universe, perhaps even more so then did the first string revolution of 1984. That is, extending 10-dimensional string theory to 11-dimensional M-theory has had more profound implications than did the original extension of four-dimensional quantum mechanics and relativity to 10-dimensional string theory. After a brief review of M-theory, I discuss some implications of large extra dimensions. I then consider astronomical evidence for and constraints on large compactified dimensions. I conclude with possible string/M-theory resolutions to the apparent inconsistency between the MSSM scale and string scale in the weak coupling limit.
Determination of jet fuel system icing inhibitor by GC×GC-FID.

Abstract Jet fuel usually contains a small amount of dissolved water, which can separate out at high altitudes and low temperatures. This can bring along serious clog issues as water can freeze in fuel pumps, lines, or filters; blocking the fuel flow which can even cause engine shut down. To prevent such a disaster, an additive called fuel system icing inhibitor (FSII) is added to jet fuels. The amount of FSII is regulated in both civil and military jet fuels by pertinent standards. A method for quantification of FSII: diethylene glycol monomethyl ether (DiEGME) by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC × GC-FID) was developed. The method allows the determination of DiEGME from a very small quantity of samples (0.5 μL) and is very fast with a mean absolute error of 0.001 vol% and a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The DiEGME content (in the range of 0.07–0.12 vol%) in 23 fuel samples was analyzed via GC × GC-FID. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by the ASTM standard D5006. The procedure that utilizes a refractometer, outlined in D5006, is currently the only available standard for determining the DiEGME concentration in fuel. Results were within the repeatability of the D5006 method (0.009 vol%). Since the D5006 method is accepted as an accurate technique for DiEGME content determination, the GC × GC method proposed in this study can be considered precise and accurate.
Expanding access to methadone treatment in Ohio through federally qualified health centers and a chain pharmacy: A geospatial modeling analysis

Abstract Background In the United States, methadone provision for opioid use disorder (OUD) occurs at opioid treatment programs (OTPs). Ohio recently enacted a policy to expand methadone administration to Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHC). We compared how the provision of methadone at current OTPs or the proposed expansion to FQHCs and pharmacies meets the urban and rural need for OUD treatment. Methods Cross-sectional geospatial analysis of zip codes within Ohio with at least one 2017 opioid overdose death stratified by Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. Our primary outcome was the proportion of need by zip code (using opioid overdose deaths as a proxy for need) within a 15- or 30- minute drive time of an OTP. Results Among 581 zip codes, sixty four percent of treatment need was within a 15-minute drive time and 81 %, within a 30-minute drive time. The proportion of need within a 15-minute drive decreased with increasing rural classification (urban 78 %, suburban 20 %, large rural 9%, and small rural 1%; p . 001 ). The portion of need within a 15-minute drive time increased with the addition of FQHCs (96 %) and the addition of chain pharmacies (99 %) relative to OTPs alone among all zip codes and for all urban-rural strata ( p . 001 ). Conclusion Over one-third of OUD treatment need was not covered by existing OTPs and coverage decreased with rural classification of zip codes. Most of the gap between supply and need could be mitigated with FQHC methadone provision, which would expand both urban and rural access.
The importance of modeling the human cerebral vasculature in blunt trauma

Multiple studies describing human head finite element (FE) models have established the importance of including the major cerebral vasculature to improve the accuracy of the model predictions. However, a more detailed network of cerebral vasculature, including the major veins and arteries as well as their branch vessels, can further enhance the model-predicted biomechanical responses and help identify correlates to observed blunt-induced brain injury. We used an anatomically accurate three-dimensional geometry of a 50th percentile U.S. male head that included the skin, eyes, sinuses, spine, skull, brain, meninges, and a detailed network of cerebral vasculature to develop a high-fidelity model. We performed blunt trauma simulations and determined the intracranial pressure (ICP), the relative displacement (RD), the von Mises stress, and the maximum principal strain. We validated our detailed-vasculature model by comparing the model-predicted ICP and RD values with experimental measurements. To quantify the influence of including a more comprehensive network of brain vessels, we compared the biomechanical responses of our detailed-vasculature model with those of a reduced-vasculature model and a no-vasculature model. For an inclined frontal impact, the predicted ICP matched well with the experimental results in the fossa, frontal, parietal, and occipital lobes, with peak-pressure differences ranging from 2.4% to 9.4%. For a normal frontal impact, the predicted ICP matched the experimental results in the frontal lobe and lateral ventricle, with peak-pressure discrepancies equivalent to 1.9% and 22.3%, respectively. For an offset parietal impact, the model-predicted RD matched well with the experimental measurements, with peak RD differences of 27% and 24% in the right and left cerebral hemispheres, respectively. Incorporating the detailed cerebral vasculature did not influence the ICP but redistributed the brain-tissue stresses and strains by as much as 30%. In addition, our detailed-vasculature model predicted strain reductions by as much as 28% when compared to current reduced-vasculature FE models that only include the major cerebral vessels. Our study highlights the importance of including a detailed representation of the cerebral vasculature in FE models to more accurately estimate the biomechanical responses of the human brain to blunt impact.
Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation for Refractory Ventricular Arrhythmia in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device

Abstract Cardiac sympathetic denervation has been shown to reduce sustained ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator shocks by inhibiting sympathetic outflow to the heart. We describe the first case to our knowledge of cardiac sympathetic denervation in the left ventricular assist device population. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.)
Enhanced recovery after surgery for sleeve gastrectomies: improved patient outcomes.

Abstract Background Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) is a paradigm shift in perioperative care and incorporates patient-centered, evidence-based, and multidisciplinary team–developed pathways for a surgical specialty. ERAS pathways aim to reduce the patient’s surgical stress response, optimize their physiologic function, facilitate recovery, and reduce the length of stay. The bariatric program at our institution was previously managed by many surgeons with anecdotal preferences, resulting in increased costs, lengths of stay, and opioid prescribing. Objectives To describe a standardized ERAS pathway for patients undergoing a laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy procedure in order to enhance perioperative care and reduce opioid usage. Setting ERAS bariatric program in New Jersey. Methods The ERAS bariatric program at our institution was implemented in January 2018. All patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy from January 2016 to November 2017 (preimplementation) as well as from February 2018 to October 2020 (postimplementation) were included in this retrospective study, with those undergoing procedures in December 2017 and January 2018 excluded due to the transition to the ERAS protocol. Differences in lengths of stay, direct costs, and 30-day readmission rates were compared between the pre- and postimplementation periods. The primary goal of our ERAS pathway was to optimize patient care with reduced opioid usage, and the secondary goal was to reduce the costs for care. Results A total of 1988 patients who underwent sleeve gastrectomy were identified, with 789 patients in the preimplementation group and 1199 patients in the postimplementation group. In a multivariate analysis, the mean length of a hospital stay in the postimplementation period was 18% lower (95% confidence interval [CI], 14–22) than that of the preimplementation period (P Conclusion In this study, patient outcomes after ERAS pathway implementation were significantly better than in historical cases. Implementing the bariatric ERAS program for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy at our institution has led to rapid postoperative recovery of patients, shorter lengths of stay, reduced opioid usage, and decreased costs per case, thereby increasing the overall cost savings to the hospital. ERAS pathways in bariatric surgery represent an opportunity to enhance patient care while decreasing overall costs. We propose that cost-effective, tailor-made ERAS pathways for sleeve gastrectomy should be implemented in all designated centers of excellence, as they can have a great economic impact on the healthcare system.
Hemin activation abrogates Mycoplasma hyorhinis replication in chronically infected prostate cancer cells via heme oxygenase‐1 induction

Mycoplasma hyorhinis (M. hyorhinis) lacks a cell wall and resists multiple antibiotics. We describe here the striking > 90% inhibitory effect of hemin, a natural inducer of the cytoprotective enzyme heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), on M. hyorhinis replication in chronically infected LNCaP prostate cancer cells. The role of HO-1 in interrupting M. hyorhinis replication was confirmed by HO-1-specific siRNA suppression of hemin-induced HO-1 protein expression, which increased intracellular M. hyorhinis DNA levels in LNCaP cells. Proteomic analysis and transmission electron microscopy of hemin-treated cells confirmed the complete absence of M. hyorhinis proteins and intact microorganisms, respectively, strongly supporting these findings. Our study is the first to our knowledge suggesting therapeutic potential for activated HO-1 in cellular innate responses against mycoplasma infection.
A geomorphic-process-based cellular automata model of colluvial wedge morphology and stratigraphy

Abstract. The development of colluvial wedges at the base of fault scarps following normal-faulting earthquakes serves as a sedimentary record of paleoearthquakes and is thus crucial in assessing seismic hazard. Although there is a large body of observations of colluvial wedge development, connecting this knowledge to the physics of sediment transport can open new frontiers in our understanding. To explore theoretical colluvial wedge evolution, we develop a cellular automata model driven by the production and disturbance (e.g. bioturbative reworking) of mobile regolith and fault scarp collapse. We consider both 90° and 60° dipping faults and allow the colluvial wedges to develop over 2,000 model years. By tracking sediment transport time, velocity, and provenance, we classify cells into analogs for the debris and wash sedimentary facies commonly described in paleoseismic studies. High values of mobile regolith production and disturbance rates produce relatively larger and more wash facies dominated wedges, whereas lower values produced relatively smaller, debris facies dominated wedges. Higher lateral collapse rates lead to more debris facies relative to wash facies. Many of the modelled colluvial wedges fully developed within 2000 model years after the earthquake with many being much faster when process rates are high. Finally, for scenarios with the same amount of vertical displacement, different size colluvial wedges developed depending on the rates of geomorphic processes and fault dip. A change in these variables, say by environmental change such as precipitation rates, could theoretically result in different colluvial wedge facies assemblages for the same characteristic earthquake rupture scenario. Finally, the stochastic nature of collapse events, when coupled with high disturbance, illustrate that multiple phases of colluvial deposition are theoretically possible for a single earthquake event.
Experimental Research and Future Approach on Evaluating Service-Oriented Architecture SOA Challenges in a Hard Real-Time Combat System Environment

As the integration and interoperability demands among heterogeneous systems increase, Service-Oriented Architectures SOAs have provided a potential technical solution to integrate these complex systems within an enterprise framework. This paper presents experimental results and future approaches to assess the employment of an SOA within a hard real-time stringent time constraints, deterministic maximum predictability combat system CS. For these systems with hard real-time requirements, web services have generally not demonstrated the necessary and sufficient characteristics to satisfy these stringent needs. Specifically, this paper provides a characterization of hard real-time, deterministic systems; results from a recent small-scale experiment to assess various SOA products in this demanding architecture; and the future direction to research real-time applications in a representative operational environment. Experimental results to date indicate that emerging real-time technologies are contributing to improved performance and better predictability within the internal processing latencies of web service applications. This preliminary research focuses on a simplistic computing architecture, but it provides a good baseline for more detailed experimentation using the actual systems. If successful, this research could lead down a path to increase synergy and consolidate computing infrastructures by supporting multiple user domains with the potential of reducing cost for both acquisition and lifecycle support.
Regulatory Restrictions on Vertical Integration and Control: The Competitive Impact of Gasoline Divorcement Policies

Gasoline “divorcement” regulations restrict the integration of gasoline refiners and retailers. Theoretically, vertical integration can harm competition, making it possible that divorcement policies could increase welfare; alternatively, these policies may reduce welfare by sacrificing efficiencies. This paper attempts to differentiate between these possibilities by estimating a reduced form equation for the real retail price of unleaded regular gasoline. I find that divorcement regulations raise the price of gasoline by about 2.6¢ per gallon, reducing consumers' surplus by over $100 million annually. This finding suggests that current proposals to further separate gasoline retailing from refining will be harmful to gasoline consumers.
Pathways to False Allegations of Sexual Assault

Not all allegations of sexual assault are true. Unfortunately, there has been little work on understanding the prevalence of false allegations or pathways to these. This paper proposes 11 pathways to false allegations of sexual assault: (a) lying, (b) implied consent, (c) false memories, (d) intoxication, (e) antisocial personality disorder, (f) borderline personality disorder, (g) histrionic personality disorder, (h) delirium, (i) psychotic disorders, (j) dissociation, and (k) intellectual disability. These pathways originate in the psychological diatheses of the individual. Further research is needed into the frequency of these pathways, ways to accurately detect these, and whether other pathways exist.
Homologous Recombination in Mammalian Somatic Cells

During the last decade, gene-transfer methods using purified DNA have developed from a novelty to a powerful tool in the study of gene structure-function relationships. Though success with DNA transfer was reported as early as 1962 (Szybalska and Szybalski, 1962), widespread use of this method had to await later developments. On the basis of a method developed by Graham and van der Eb (1973), Wigler et al. (1977) and Maitland and McDougall (1977) successfully introduced the herpes simplex virus (HSV) thymidine kinase (TK) gene into mouse cells deficient in this enzyme. Wigler and colleagues were also able to identify and isolate from the HSV genome a fragment of DNA that carried the TK gene. The calcium phosphate coprecipitation method was augmented by other methods of gene transfer such as DEAE-dextran-mediated transfer (McCutchan and Pagano, 1968; Sussman and Milman, 1984; and Milman and Herzberg, 1981) microinjection into somatic cells (Anderson et al., 1980; Capecchi, 1980) or into embryos (Gordon et al., 1980). Understanding the structure of DNA and RNA viral genomes has permitted the construction of a variety of different vectors for introduction of genetic information into mammalian cells (see Chapters 5 and 6). The availability of these different methods for gene transfer makes it possible to introduce virtually any gene into mammalian cells.
A Low-Power Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) using Pipelined Search Scheme

A Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) is a memory that implements the lookup-table function in a single clock cycle using dedicated comparison circuitry. CAMs are especially popular in network routers for packet forwarding and packet classification, but they are also beneficial in a variety of other applications that require high-speed table lookup. The main CAM design challenge is to reduce power consumption associated with the large amount of parallel active circuitry, without sacrificing speed or memory density. In this project, a low power content-addressable memory using pipelined hierarchical search scheme is implemented. The search operation is pipelined and the match-lines are broken to several segments. Whenever the stored words fail to match in their initial segments, the search operation is discontinued for subsequent segments, hence the power is saved. The proposed scheme has been implemented in a 64×64 bit ternary CMOS CAM. The schematics of both the pipelined and non-pipelined CAMs are designed. PSPICE power simulation is used to extract the power consumption of both memory designs. The simulation results demonstrate an effective overall power reduction in the pipelined CAM compared to non-pipelined architecture for the given example memory pattern.
Telling the Truth About Power

SUMMARY In this culture, those in power do not usually talk about it and the rest of us tend not to recognize it either. A similar situation exists in therapy, where the therapist herself may not be aware of her own power-over tactics. This article suggests methods that may help therapists to acknowledge their power and also to change from power-over actions to mutually empowering relationships. From this line of thinking, there follows an exploration of altering the concept of boundaries in therapy into mutually constructed agreements between patient and therapist. This article was presented at the Summer Training Institute of the Jean Baker Miller Training Institute, June, 2003.
Prebreakdown events in DC and AC stressed n-hexane

An imaging system using shadow-graph optics in conjunction with a 3-ns-duration pulse laser was used to investigate prebreakdown events in DC and AC stressed n-hexane. The use of either DC or AC was shown to produce results that are essentially identical for a given electrode polarity. In addition, the prebreakdown images obtained bear a strong resemblance to those seen in impulse tests. This result suggests that prebreakdown events respond principally to the magnitude and polarity of the applied electric field, and that space charge and liquid motion exert minor influence. >
Cell type-specific regulation of SL-1 and SL-2 genes. Induction of the SL-2 gene but not the SL-1 gene by human keratinocytes in response to cytokines and phorbolesters.

Abstract The stromelysin-2 (SL-2) gene is transcriptionally active in normal human keratinocytes and encodes a secreted, catalytically competent but latent matrix metalloproteinase. Phorbolester induction resulted in the emergence of SL-2 (but not SL-1 transcripts), whereas the opposite was true for human mucosal fibroblasts. Expression of keratinocyte SL-2 was also induced by the two keratinocyte growth factors, transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor, by the proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but, somewhat surprisingly, not by interleukin-1 beta. The latent SL-2 proenzyme was isolated from 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced keratinocytes by immunoaffinity chromatography using a cross-reactive antibody raised against human SL-1. This procedure led to the recovery of a single M(r) 54,000 molecular species at a level of approximately 0.2 microgram/ml of culture medium. Amino-terminal sequencing identified the protein as SL-2 and verified the predicted signal sequence cleavage site. Conformational activation of latent SL-2 precursor by SDS gave rise to a full-length, uncleaved (M(r) 54,000) active form and at the same time exposed a cryptic thiol group. By contrast, organomercurial activation resulted in autolytic truncation of the molecule with loss of M(r) approximately 10,000 propeptide. SL-2 shared with (human fibroblast) SL-1 the ability to cleave casein, to "superactivate" fibroblast type procollagenase, and to form apparently binary, SDS-resistant complexes with tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1.
Nonvolatile Foreign Additives on the Solid Surface

In this chapter we will discuss foreign surface species which, at the temperatures of interest, are nonvolatile, and which, under the conditions of the experiment, are not removed by chemical interaction. Such species can be accidental impurities or can be intentionally added to provide some control or function on the surface. They can be in the form of a low concentration of atoms present in less than a monolayer on the surface, perhaps on particularly active surface sites, or they can be in the form of a thin film of a second phase, but most often they are in the form of small crystallites (“clusters”) deposited out of solution. Clusters are particles consisting of a few to 100 atoms, and, .gas will be discussed, they have unique chemical and, undoubtedly, unique physical properties. Primarily we will discuss their deposition and properties as a surface additive, but we also will discuss the recent work wherein free clusters are generated.
Lack of enhancing effect of human anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody on HIV-1 infection of human blood monocytes and peritoneal macrophages.

Abstract The influence of human anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) antibody on HIV-1 infection of freshly isolated normal human peritoneal macrophages and blood monocytes was examined. Each of 14 HIV antibody-positive human serum samples was found to block the infection of four virus isolates (human T-cell lymphotropic virus type IIIBa-L [HTLV-IIIBa-L], HTLV-IIIB, D.U. 6587-7, and D.U. 7887-8) at serum dilutions ranging from 10(-1) to 10(-2). Three of these isolates (HTLV-IIIBa-L, D.U. 6587-7, and D.U. 7887-8) infected cultures of monocytes and macrophages rapidly and produced high levels of virus reverse transcriptase and p24 antigen. A fourth virus isolate (HTLV-IIIB) infected the monocytes and macrophages more slowly and produced low levels of viral protein. More dilute HIV antibody-positive sera had no significant effect on the overall level or rate of virus infection or expression. Complement did not appear to influence the course of infection by any combination of antisera or virus examined. Successful HIV-1 infection of the peritoneal macrophages and blood monocytes under the conditions tested showed strict dependence on CD4 since a recombinant CD4 polypeptide and an anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody effectively blocked the process.
Longitudinal association between frequency of substance use and quality of life among adolescents receiving a brief outpatient intervention

Recognition of the broad consequences of adolescent substance abuse has led to increased emphasis on balancing traditional measures of treatment effectiveness, such as frequency of substance use, with measures of patient functioning and quality of life (QOL). This study evaluated the longitudinal association between frequency of use and QOL among adolescent substance abusers receiving a brief outpatient intervention. Participants were 106 adolescents, aged 13 to 21 years, who met criteria for substance abuse or dependence and completed 4 assessments over a 12 month period. Results of a parallel-process latent growth curve model indicated a moderate longitudinal association, such that reduced frequency of use was associated with QOL improvement. Elaboration of the temporal ordering of this association via a cross-lagged panel model revealed that frequency of substance use predicted subsequent QOL, but that QOL did not predict subsequent frequency of use. Implications pertaining to the assessment of comprehensive outcomes and the setting of treatment expectations are discussed.
Convergent reinforcement learning control with neural networks and continuous action search

We combine a convergent TD-learning method and direct continuous action search with neural networks for function approximation to obtain both stability and generalization over inexperienced state-action pairs. We extend linear Greedy-GQ to nonlinear neural networks for convergent learning. Direct continuous action search with back-propagation leads to efficient high-precision control. A high dimensional continuous state and action problem, octopus arm control, is examined to test the proposed algorithm. Comparing TD, linear Greedy-GQ, and nonlinear Greedy-GQ, we discuss how the correction term contributes to learning with nonlinear Greedy-GQ algorithm and how continuous action search contributes to learning speed and stability.
Birth weight, maternal weight and childhood leukaemia

There is mounting evidence that childhood leukaemia is associated with high birth weight, but few studies have examined the relationship between leukaemia and other perinatal factors that influence birth weight, such as maternal weight or gestational weight gain. This case-cohort study included 916 acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) and 154 acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cases diagnosed prior to age 10 years between 1985 and 2001 and born in New York State excluding New York City between 1978 and 2001. Controls (n=9686) were selected from the birth cohorts for the same years. Moderate increased risk of both ALL and AML was associated with birth weight 3500 g or more. For ALL, however, there was evidence of effect modification with birth weight and maternal prepregnancy weight. High birth weight was associated with ALL only when the mother was not overweight while heavier maternal weight was associated with ALL only when the infant was not high birth weight. Increased pregnancy-related weight gain was associated with ALL. For AML, birth weight under 3000 g and higher prepregnancy weight were both associated with increased risk. These findings suggest childhood leukaemia may be related to factors influencing abnormal fetal growth patterns.
Steroidal modulation of pituitary gonadotropin-releasing hormone responsiveness in young turtles, Pseudemys scripta.

Abstract Steroid-modulated pituitary secretion and glandular content of gonadotropin (Gth: LH and FSH) was studied in young slider turtles. Injection (ip) of both 17β-estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) reduced pituitary content of both Gths and caused significant inhibition of basal LH secretion and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-stimulated LH and FSH secretion measured in vitro. However, gonadectomy did not affect pituitary Gth secretion or response in these juveniles, and anti-estrogen and anti-androgen compounds had some steroid agonistic action on the pituitary gland. Exposure to E2, T, and 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in vitro for 4, 24, or 48 hr either had no effect or completely inhibited pituitary GnRH responsiveness. Progesterone (P) alone had no effect on pituitary GnRH responee and in combination did not alter the typical inhibitory effect of E2. There were several indications of differential effects of steroids on secretion of the two Gths, especially in response to GnRH and tetraethyl chloride (receptor independent) stimulation. The results suggest that steroids may act directly at the pituitary level to alter Gth secretion and that steroidal modulation of pituitary secretion might play a role in differential regulation of LH and FSH in turtles.
Anaesthetic team and the role of nurses--North American perspective

Anaesthesia is an American invention but the development of anaesthesia practice took two paths at its inception. The American-based ether anaesthetic technique allowed for non-physician personnel to administer the drug. As nurses already played a role in assisting surgeons, it was logical for them to assist in the anaesthetic. This article discusses the historical events leading to the development of nurse anaesthesia practice in the USA. The current status of physician and nurse anaesthetist interactions--both harmonious and acrimonious--are presented.
Upper critical solution temperature behaviour in poly(ether ether sulphone)/poly(ether ether ketone‐co‐ ether ether sulphone) blends

Upper critical solution temperature (u.c.s.t.) phase behaviour was found in blends of the homopolymer poly(oxy-1,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenesulphonyl-1,4-phenylene) (PEES) with the copolymer poly(oxy-l,4-phenyleneoxy-l,4-phenylenecarbonyl-l,4-phenylene-co-oxy-l,4-phenyleneoxy-1,4-phenylenesul-phonyl-1,4-phenylene) (COPEEKS) for copolymer compositions ranging from 43 mol% to 56 mol% of ether ether ketone (EEK) repeat units. Blend compositions studied ranged from 25wt% to 75wt% of PEES. The consolute temperature was found to occur at a PEES/COPEEKS blend composition of about 50/50 wt% and to increase with the EEK repeat unit content of the copolymer. This miscibility behaviour was interpreted, using a mean-field theoretical approach, in terms of a single positive segmental interaction parameter which ranged from 0.054 to 0.032.
The phage K lytic enzyme LysK and lysostaphin act synergistically to kill MRSA

LysK is the endolysin from the staphylococcal bacteriophage K, and can digest the cell wall of many staphylococci. Lysostaphin is a bacteriocin secreted by Staphylococcus simulans to kill Staphylococcus aureus. Both LysK and lysostaphin have been shown to lyse methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This study describes optimal reaction conditions for the recombinant His-tagged LysK protein (pH range pH 6-10, and 0.3-0.5 M NaCl), and C-His-LysK MIC (32.85+/-4.87 mug mL(-1)). LysK and lysostaphin demonstrate antimicrobial synergy by the checkerboard assay.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE EFFECTS OF ORGANIC DUST-DERIVED AGENTS ON RESPIRATORY SYSTEM : COMPARISON BETWEEN ENDOTOXINS AND GLUCANS

The effects of biological agents associated with organic dusts (endotoxins and glucans) on alveolar macrophage function in vitro and on pulmonary response of the guinea pig were studied. The in vitro studies included measurement of cytotoxicity, bactericidal activity, superoxide anion generation, chemotaxis, and cytokine production. Pulmonary parameters monitored after inhalation exposure were breathing rate, cellular differential counts from bronchoalveolar lavage, and superoxide anion production by phagocytic cells after exposure to agents. It was found that both endotoxins and glucans developed significant effects on alveolar macrophage functions in vitro, and when inhaled caused an increase of breathing rate, influx of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and red blood cells to the lung, and enhancement of superoxide anion generation from bronchoalveolar lavage cells.
Comments on “race, redlining, and residential mortgage loan performance”

This provocative paper hypothesizes that "systematic racial discrimination owing to lender bias may result in lenders holding minority applicants or applicants from minority neighborhoods to loan qualification standards well in excess of those required by objective assessments of default risk .... This implies that discriminatory behavior may result in higher returns to home loans, as evidenced by lower default rates or smaller dollar losses, among minority borrowers or neighborhoods than those observed for other borrowers." The authors find that "the results are opposite to this prediction, and they are robust with respect to numerous stratifications of the sample, model specifications and methodology." The paper is twice controversial: The topic of discrimination in mortgage lending is politically charged and the results are inconsistent with strongly held priors. The paper is twice puzzling: If discrimination is widespread in our culture, why is there no evidence of it in mortgage lending? If the one price law of markets holds, why is there strong evidence of reverse discrimination? I believe that to resolve these conundrums we must delve into the black box of mortgage credit scoring and explore optimal default decisions for mortgage loans. Let's begin with the strongly held priors. As members of a modern multicultural society we have all learned from experience that prejudice, bias, and discrimination are endemic to our culture. We are all members of some minority whether it be based on race, religion, ethnicity, or gender. In a world where one-up/one-down is a favorite game for people to play, it is impossible not to be on the one-down side some of the time. Racial discrimination is easily practiced because the targets are readily identifiable. Therefore I start from the premise that we live in a society that practices discrimination, albeit less blatantly than in decades past. Why then is there no evidence of discrimination in this data set on mortgage lending practices? For an economist, a second equally strongly held prior would ordinarily provide the answer. Mortgage lending is a highly competitive business with thousands of suppliers. Economic discrimination in competitive markets is impossible because even if some individuals are prejudiced; free entry and transactions costs place an upper bound on the ability of any one group to penalize another economically. If just one supplier of a product or service is not biased, all groups will receive the service for about the same price. Alternatively groups that are discriminated against can form their own cooperative or corporation to supply the service at competitive rates. But the results of this study are inconsistent with this prior as well. There is evidence of reverse discrimination and it is statistically significant.
Effect of Strain Ageing on Mechanical Properties of Pipeline Girth Welds

Pipeline girth welds for on-shore and off-shore pipelines use a variety of arc welding processes. The trend towards strain based designs for line pipe installation and the effect of coatings for off-shore pipelines have resulted in evaluation and testing of pipe material subjected to strain ageing. However, very little work has been done to systematically study the effect on ferritic weld metal. This work details some initial work done on evaluating the effect of strain ageing on ferritic weld metal deposited with a 1.2 mm diameter flux cored wire under 75% Ar −25% CO2 shielding gas. Pipeline girth welds were welded on API Grade X-70 pipe and tested to get all weld metal tensile and Charpy V-Notch properties. The weld metal strength overmatched the base material by 7–9%. The ductile to brittle transition temperature for the weld metal was −40°C. The effect of strain ageing on weld metal properties was evaluated. All weld metal tensile samples were subjected to varying levels of pre-strain and ageing treatments to evaluate the effect on yield strength and post-yield behavior. An increase in yield strength after straining and ageing as well as the re-appearance of yield point is observed. Increase in pre-strain decreases elongation. Increase in ageing temperature delays the appearance of dynamic strain ageing. The activation energy for the increase in strength after strain ageing has been measured by assuming a diffusion controlled mechanism. Charpy V-Notch samples were taken to generate transition curves of weld metal after strain ageing and compared to the as-welded condition.Copyright © 2011 by ASME