cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Differential Roles of SOCS Family Members in EpoR Signal Transduction

To elucidate the roles of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family members in erythropoietin (EPO) signaling, we explored SOCS gene regulation, mRNA stability, and protein function in two EPO-responsive hematopoietic cell lines. Using two independent approaches, one involving inhibition of specific signaling molecules and the other employing cell lines that express particular EpoR mutants and thereby activate only subsets of signaling cascades, we demonstrate that induction of SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, and cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) in response to EPO stimulation appears to depend on Stat5 but not on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) or phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). SOCS4 expression, in contrast, does not appear to be EPO inducible. Furthermore, we show differential stabilities of SOCS transcripts, with SOCS2 the longest-lived and SOCS1 and CIS the least stable, and provide evidence in support of EPO-independent expression of SOCS3 and SOCS4. In order to understand the effects of SOCS on EPO-mediated effects, we generated multiple stable cell lines that inducibly express particular SOCS proteins. Overexpression of SOCS1, SOCS3, or CIS negatively regulates EPO-mediated cell proliferation, Stat5 phosphorylation, and activation of a Stat-dependent luciferase reporter. In contrast, SOCS2 is less effective, and SOCS4 is ineffective at counteracting EPO-mediated events. Thus, we have demonstrated differential regulation and function of various SOCS family members in EPO-dependent hematopoietic cells.
Dual diversity over correlated log-normal fading channels

A great deal of attention has been devoted in the literature to studying the bit error rate (BER) performance of diversity combining systems in the presence of Rayleigh, Rice, and Nagakami-m fading. By comparison, the literature is relatively sparse in comparable analyses over log-normal channels which typically characterize shadowing from indoor obstacles and moving human bodies. One reason for this disparity stems from the difficulty in evaluating the exact average BER when log-normal variates are involved, using, for example, the moment-generating function (MGF) approach, due to the inability of expressing the MGF itself in a simple closed form. Since it is possible to evaluate the marginal and joint statistical moments as well as the cumulative distribution function (CDF) associated with a log-normal distribution in closed form, we rather focus here on other performance measures, namely, average combined output signal-to-noise ratio, amount of fading, and outage probability. The first two performance measures depend only on the moments, whereas the outage probability depends solely on the cdf. Closed-form expressions (in terms of known functions), single-integral representations, or upper and lower bounds are obtained for these measures corresponding to maximal-ratio combining, selection combining, and switch-and-stay combining schemes, allowing for the possibility of correlation between the two branches. Numerical evaluations of these expressions illustrating the performances of each individual diversity type as well as comparisons among them are also presented.
Protocol adherence when managing massive bleeding following complex cardiac surgery: a study design pilot.

Objective High-quality prospective trials of hemostatic “rescue” therapy to control massive bleeding in cardiac surgery are lacking. Wide variability in the care of patients with severe bleeding following cardiopulmonary bypass has precluded accurate comparison of treatment groups in previous studies. This study identified the use of a management protocol for early identification and uniform treatment of patients with massive bleeding for application in future trials of hemostatic rescue agents. Design A prospective, nonblinded, interventional feasibility study. Setting A university teaching hospital. Participants Forty-three adult patients undergoing complex cardiac surgery. Interventions Study participants undergoing high-risk cardiac surgery received standardized treatment in accordance with a bleeding management protocol. Measurements and Main Results Twenty-seven patients (63%) had severe bleeding following heparin reversal and received conventional hemostatic resuscitation per protocol. Six patients had massive refractory bleeding. Compliance with protocol tasks was≥90% in 4 of 5 categories (anticoagulation, hemostasis scoring, recording blood loss, protocol transfusion) with the exception being submission of laboratory samples (76%). Measured bleeding rates (mL/h) following heparin reversal were clearly differentiated in those with hemostasis scores≥3 compared to those with scores≤2 (1,420±957 v 147±96; p Conclusions Adherence to a management protocol for massive bleeding is feasible and allows for homogenous treatment of patients before study arm randomization in future “rescue” therapy trials. The authors’ protocol allowed for prompt and accurate identification of patients with severe bleeding refractory to conventional therapy. This review resolved several key barriers in the design of severe bleeding management trials.
PduA is a shell protein of polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme B(12)-dependent degradation of 1,2-propanediol in Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium LT2.

Salmonella enterica forms polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme B 12 -dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation. These organelles are thought to consist of a proteinaceous shell that encases coenzyme B 12 -dependent diol dehydratase and perhaps other enzymes involved in 1,2-propanediol degradation. The function of these organelles is unknown, and no detailed studies of their structure have been reported. Genes needed for organelle formation and for 1,2-propanediol degradation are located at the 1,2-propanediol utilization ( pdu ) locus, but the specific genes involved in organelle formation have not been identified. Here, we show that the pduA gene encodes a shell protein required for the formation of polyhedral organelles involved in coenzyme B 12 -dependent 1,2-propanediol degradation. A His 6 -PduA fusion protein was purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli strain and used for the preparation of polyclonal antibodies. The anti-PduA antibodies obtained were partially purified by a subtraction procedure and used to demonstrate that the PduA protein localized to the shell of the polyhedral organelles. In addition, electron microscopy studies established that strains with nonpolar pduA mutations were unable to form organelles. These results show that the pduA gene is essential for organelle formation and indicate that the PduA protein is a structural component of the shell of these organelles. Physiological studies of nonpolar pduA mutants were also conducted. Such mutants grew similarly to the wild-type strain at low concentrations of 1,2-propanediol but exhibited a period of interrupted growth in the presence of higher concentrations of this growth substrate. Growth tests also showed that a nonpolar pduA deletion mutant grew faster than the wild-type strain at low vitamin B 12 concentrations. These results suggest that the polyhedral organelles formed by S. enterica during growth on 1,2-propanediol are not involved in the concentration of 1,2-propanediol or coenzyme B 12 , but are consistent with the hypothesis that these organelles moderate aldehyde production to minimize toxicity.
Rapid effects of estrogen on G protein-coupled receptor activation of potassium channels in the central nervous system (CNS).

Abstract Estrogen rapidly alters the excitability of hypothalamic neurons that are involved in regulating numerous homeostatic functions including reproduction, stress responses, feeding and motivated behaviors. Some of the neurons include neurosecretory neurons such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and dopamine neurons, and local circuitry neurons such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. We have elucidated several non-genomic pathways through which the steroid alters synaptic responses in these hypothalamic neurons. We have examined the modulation by estrogen of the coupling of various receptor systems to inwardly-rectifying and small-conductance, Ca 2+ -activated K + (SK) channels using intracellular sharp-electrode and whole-cell recording techniques in hypothalamic slices from ovariectomized female guinea pigs. Estrogen rapidly uncouples μ-opioid receptors from G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying K + (GIRK) channels in POMC neurons and GABA B receptors from GIRK channels in dopamine neurons as manifested by a reduction in the potency of μ-opioid and GABA B receptor agonists to hyperpolarize their respective cells. This effect is blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). In addition, after 24 h following steroid administration in vivo, the GABA B /GIRK channel uncoupling observed in GABAergic neurons of the preoptic area is associated with reduced agonist efficacy. Conversely, estrogen enhances the efficacy of α 1 -adrenergic receptor agonists to inhibit apamin-sensitive SK currents in these preoptic GABAergic neurons, and does so in both a rapid and sustained fashion. Finally, we observed a direct, steroid-induced hyperpolarization of GnRH neurons. These findings indicate a richly complex yet coordinated steroid modulation of K + channel activity in hypothalamic (POMC, dopamine, GABA, GnRH) neurons that are involved in regulating numerous homeostatic functions.
Assessment of the toxic potential of graphene family nanomaterials

Graphene, a single-atom-thick carbon nanosheet, has attracted great interest as a promising nanomaterial for a variety of bioapplications because of its extraordinary properties. However, the potential for widespread human exposure raises safety concerns about graphene and its derivatives, referred to as graphene-family nanomaterials. This review summarizes recent findings on the toxicological effects and the potential toxicity mechanisms of graphene-family nanomaterials in bacteria, mammalian cells, and animal models. Graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide elicit toxic effects both in vitro and in vivo, whereas surface modifications can significantly reduce their toxic interactions with living systems. Standardization of terminology and the fabrication methods of graphene-family nanomaterials are warranted for further investigations designed to decrease their adverse effects and explore their biomedical applications.
Stochastic Language Generation Using WIDL-Expressions and its Application in Machine Translation and Summarization

We propose WIDL-expressions as a flexible formalism that facilitates the integration of a generic sentence realization system within end-to-end language processing applications. WIDL-expressions represent compactly probability distributions over finite sets of candidate realizations, and have optimal algorithms for realization via interpolation with language model probability distributions. We show the effectiveness of a WIDL-based NLG system in two sentence realization tasks: automatic translation and headline generation.
Performance of Bucket Brigades When Work Is Stochastic

"Bucket brigades" are a way of sharing work on a flow line that results in the spontaneous emergence of balance and consequent high throughput. All this happens without a work-content model or traditional assembly line balancing technology. Here we show that bucket brigades can be effective even in the presence of variability in the work content. In addition, we report confirmation at the national distribution center of a major chain retailer, which experienced a 34% increase in productivity after the workers began picking orders by bucket brigade.
Immunophenotypic and Histologic Classification of 50 Cases of Feline Gastrointestinal Lymphoma

The purpose of this study was to determine the immunophenotype and histologic classification of 50 cases of feline gastrointestinal lymphoma. Classification was determined using the National Cancer Institute Working Formulation and the Revised European and American Lymphoma/World Health Organization classification system. Tissue sections were stained with HE, phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin, anti-CD3, anti-CD79a, and anti-BLA.36. Overall, B-cell tumors predominated at 54% (27/50), including 16 diffuse large with immunoblastic nuclear type, 2 diffuse large with centroblastic nuclear type, 3 small lymphocytic, 4 lymphocytic intermediate type, and 2 T-cell-rich large B-cell lymphomas. T-cell tumors comprised 38% (19/50), including 15 epitheliotropic small lymphocytic and 4 lymphoblastic. Three tumors (6%) were nonreactive for B- and T-cell markers and had eosinophilic cytoplasmic granules when stained with HE. Gastric tumors were diagnosed in 24% (12/50) of cats, and 18% (9/50) were present only in the stomach. All gastric lymphomas were of B-cell lineage. Small intestinal lymphoma predominated, with 74% (37/50) of cats affected: T-cell tumors comprised 52% (19/37); 38% (14/37) were B-cell tumors; 8% (3/37) were nonreactive for B- and T-cell markers; and 2% (1/37) expressed both CD3 and BLA.36. Of the 8 cats (16%) that had lymphoma of the large intestine, 88% (7/8) had B-cell tumors and 12% (1/8) had T-cell tumors. The strongest association between gastrointestinal lymphoma immunophenotype, histologic classification, and location occurred in the stomach, where there was a predominance of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of immunoblastic nuclear type.
Detoxification of toxins by bacillithiol in Staphylococcus aureus

Bacillithiol (BSH), an α-anomeric glycoside of l-cysteinyl-d-glucosaminyl-l-malate, is a major low-molecular-mass thiol found in bacteria such as Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus and Deinococcus radiodurans. Like other low-molecular-mass thiols such as glutathione and mycothiol, BSH is likely to be involved in protection against environmental toxins including thiol-reactive antibiotics. We report here a BSH-dependent detoxification mechanism in S. aureus. When S. aureus Newman strain was treated with monobromobimane and monochlorobimane, the cellular BSH was converted to the fluorescent S-conjugate BS-bimane. A bacillithiol conjugate amidase activity acted upon the BS-bimane to produce Cys-bimane, which was then acetylated by an N-acetyltransferase to generate N-acetyl-Cys-bimane, a mercapturic acid. An S. aureus mutant lacking BSH did not produce mercapturic acid when treated with monobromobimane and monochlorobimane, confirming the involvement of bacillithiol. Furthermore, treatment of S. aureus Newman with rifamycin, the parent compound of the first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, rifampicin, indicated that this thiol-reactive antibiotic is also detoxified in a BSH-dependent manner, since mercapturic acids of rifamycin were observed in the culture medium. These data indicate that toxins and thiol-reactive antibiotics are detoxified to less potent mercapturic acids in a BSH-dependent manner and then exported out of the cell in S. aureus.
Let's do it at my place instead?: attitudinal and behavioral study of privacy in client-side personalization

Many users welcome personalized services, but are reluctant to provide the information about themselves that personalization requires. Performing personalization exclusively at the client side (e.g., on one's smartphone) may conceptually increase privacy, because no data is sent to a remote provider. But does client-side personalization (CSP) also increase users' perception of privacy? We developed a causal model of privacy attitudes and behavior in personalization, and validated it in an experiment that contrasted CSP with personalization at three remote providers: Amazon, a fictitious company, and the "Cloud". Participants gave roughly the same amount of personal data and tracking permissions in all four conditions. A structural equation modeling analysis reveals the reasons: CSP raises the fewest privacy concerns, but does not lead in terms of perceived protection nor in resulting self-anticipated satisfaction and thus privacy-related behavior. Encouragingly, we found that adding certain security features to CSP is likely to raise its perceived protection significantly. Our model predicts that CSP will then also sharply improve on all other privacy measures.
Insight for impairment in independent living skills in Alzheimer's disease and multi-infarct dementia.

Dementing diseases cause a deterioration in the capacity for independent living skills (ILS). The present study investigated the level of insight in ILS impairment in 12 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, 12 multi-infarct dementia (MID) patients, and 12 normal elderly controls, using two different measurement techniques: informant report and patient self-report. Pairwise comparisons at the .05 level revealed a significantly greater loss of insight for ILS impairment in AD patients as compared to both controls and MID patients. Additional analyses revealed that loss of insight, operationally defined as the discrepancy between informant report and patient self-report, was not significantly related to age, education, mental status, or level of depression, but was significantly related to degree of caregiver burden. These results indicate that intervention strategies are needed that take into consideration the level of patient insight for ILS impairment, as well as the caregiver's perception of the patient's capabilities and the degree of burden experienced by the caregiver.
Adolescents at risk for HIV infection.

This section should be of particular importance to those who provide health care to adolescents or for those who will do so in the future. Much of what is known about AIDS in adolescents will be reviewed. Epidemiology specific risk groups behaviors and legal ethical educational and preventive issues unique to adolescents will be discussed. In addition recommendations and techniques for interviewing adolescents and for conducting pre- and post-HIV antibody testing sessions will be offered. (excerpt)
Neurocognitive, Social-Behavioral, and Adaptive Functioning in Preschool Children with Mild to Moderate Kidney Disease.

OBJECTIVE The negative impact of end-stage kidney disease on cognitive function in children is well established, but no studies have examined the neurocognitive, social-behavioral, and adaptive behavior skills of preschool children with mild to moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD). METHOD Participants included 124 preschool children with mild to moderate CKD, aged 12 to 68 months (median = 3.7 years), and an associated mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 50.0 mL·min·1.73 m. In addition to level of function and percent of participants scoring ≥1 SD below the test mean, regression models examined the associations between biomarkers of CKD (GFR, anemia, hypertension, seizures, and abnormal birth history), and developmental level/IQ, attention regulation, and parent ratings of executive functions, social-behavior, and adaptive behaviors. RESULTS Median scores for all measures were in the average range; however, 27% were deemed at risk for a developmental level/IQ <85, 20% were at-risk for attention variability, and parent ratings indicated 30% and 37% to be at risk for executive dysfunction and adaptive behavior problems, respectively. Approximately 43% were deemed at risk on 2 or more measures. None of the disease-related variables were significantly associated with these outcomes, although the presence of hypertension approached significance for attention variability (p < .09). Abnormal birth history and lower maternal education were significantly related to lower developmental level/IQ; seizures were related to lower parental ratings of executive function and adaptive behavior; and abnormal birth history was significantly related to lower ratings of adaptive behavior. When predicting risk status, the logistic regression did evidence both higher GFR and the lack of anemia to be associated with more intact developmental level/IQ. CONCLUSION These findings suggest relatively intact functioning for preschool children with mild to moderate CKD, but the need for ongoing developmental surveillance in this population remains warranted, particularly for those with abnormal birth histories, seizures, and heightened disease severity.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy Compared With Radiofrequency Ablation for Inoperable Colorectal Liver Metastases

Purpose To conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis to determine whether stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) is a cost-effective therapy compared with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for patients with unresectable colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases. Methods and Materials A cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted using a Markov model and 1-month cycle over a lifetime horizon. Transition probabilities, quality of life utilities, and costs associated with SBRT and RFA were captured in the model on the basis of a comprehensive literature review and Medicare reimbursements in 2014. Strategies were compared using the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, with effectiveness measured in quality-adjusted life years (QALYs). To account for model uncertainty, 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Strategies were evaluated with a willingness-to-pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY gained. Results In base case analysis, treatment costs for 3 fractions of SBRT and 1 RFA procedure were $13,000 and $4397, respectively. Median survival was assumed the same for both strategies (25 months). The SBRT costs $8202 more than RFA while gaining 0.05 QALYs, resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $164,660 per QALY gained. In 1-way sensitivity analyses, results were most sensitive to variation of median survival from both treatments. Stereotactic body radiation therapy was economically reasonable if better survival was presumed (>1 month gain) or if used for large tumors (>4 cm). Conclusions If equal survival is assumed, SBRT is not cost-effective compared with RFA for inoperable colorectal liver metastases. However, if better local control leads to small survival gains with SBRT, this strategy becomes cost-effective. Ideally, these results should be confirmed with prospective comparative data.
Andreas Björklund: Hamiltonian Cycles

This chapter outlines Bjorklund’s paper at the FOCS 2010 conference, which solved a decades-old problem about Hamiltonian cycles in graphs. Sums of determinants of randomly extended matrices are key to breaking a power-of-2 barrier in algorithmic running time for detecting these cycles.
Diagnostic Performance of MRI Sequences for Evaluation of Dural Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to assess the performance of routinely used MRI sequences with and without contrast enhancement in the diagnostic evaluation of dural venous sinus thrombosis (DVST). MATERIALS AND METHODS. We identified consecutive patients older than 18 years who underwent concurrent standardized brain MRI and contrast-enhanced (CE) MR venography (MRV) examinations for suspected DVST. The seven MRI sequences that were used (axial unenhanced T1-weighted, T1-weighted CE, T2-weighted, DWI, T2-weighted FLAIR, T2-weighted gradient-recalled echo [GRE], and sagittal 3D T1-weighted GRE CE sequences) were randomized, anonymized, and reviewed independently by two neuroradiologists who were blinded to the final diagnosis. Ten separate venous sinus segments were evaluated. CE MRV was the reference standard for determining the presence or absence of DVST, and it was performed using the following imaging parameters: TR/TE, 4.1–77/1.4–9.5; flip angle, 12–35°; and slice thickness, 0.8–1.4 mm. The ...
Body Temperature in the Eastern Cottontail

Over a twelve-month period I obtained 169 records of the body temperatures of cottontails, Syhilagus floridanus , which had been live-trapped, captured by hand, or shot. These temperatures were obtained rectally with a standard clinical thermometer that has been certified by the U.S. Bureau of Standards. The only published information on body temperature in the cottontail that I am able to find is that of Petrides (Jour. Mamm., 28: 400–401, 1947) who found that the average body temperature of 14 cottontails kept in captivity was 101.6° F. All of my temperature records were made on free-living individuals in Douglas County, …
Quantification of microscopic feather characters used in the identification of North American plovers

Variation in microscopic characters of plumulaceous barbs of six species of Charadrius was studied to quantify characters and test differences among taxa. Pluvialis squatarola was used for intergeneric comparisons. Intraspecific variation in feathers from the sternopectoral tract of C. vociferus was examined to define character parameters and to determine within-vane variation and vane symmetry. A significant difference was observed among the barbs of four regions within each vane of the same feather, but barbs from opposing vanes were not significantly different from one another. Interspecific variation then was studied using discriminant function analysis. Pluvialis separated from all species of Charadrius. Two subgroups were apparent within Charadrius: semipalmatus, vociferus and montanus separated from wilsonia, alexandrinus and melodus.
Glucose-containing diblock polycations exhibit molecular weight, charge, and cell-type dependence for pDNA delivery.

A series of diblock glycopolycations were created by polymerizing 2-deoxy-2-methacrylamido glucopyranose (MAG) with either a tertiary amine-containing monomer, N-[3-(N,N-dimethylamino) propyl] methacrylamide (DMAPMA), or a primary amine-containing unit, N-(2-aminoethyl) methacrylamide (AEMA). Seven structures were synthesized via aqueous reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization that varied in the block lengths of MAG, DMAPMA, and AEMA along with two homopolymer controls of DMAPMA and AEMA that lacked a MAG block. The polymers were all able to complex plasmid DNA into polyplex structures and to prevent colloidal aggregation of polyplexes in physiological salt conditions. In vitro transfection experiments were performed in both HeLa (human cervix adenocarcinoma) cells and HepG2 (human liver hepatocellular carcinoma) cells to examine the role of charge type, block length, and cell type on transfection efficiency and toxicity. The glycopolycation vehicles with primary amine block...
Urinary Incontinence Among Older Adults

Urinary incontinence is common among older adults in both community and institutional settings. Less than half of older adults with urinary incontinence bring up this problem to their provider. Understanding the urinary and non-urinary causes of incontinence, as well as the appropriate screening and evaluation processes, will help clinicians provide optimal care to their patients. This chapter reviews the evidence-based treatment options available, both non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic. While many patients with urinary incontinence are treated by their primary care provider, recommendations are provided for when patients with urinary incontinence would benefit from referrals to specialists and an overview of anticipated specialist treatments.
Chikungunya Virus: In Vitro Response to Combination Therapy With Ribavirin and Interferon Alfa 2a.

Introduction We evaluated the antiviral activities of ribavirin (RBV) and interferon (IFN) alfa as monotherapy and combination therapy against chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Methods Vero cells were infected with CHIKV in the presence of RBV and/or IFN alfa, and viral production was quantified by plaque assay. A mathematical model was fit to the data to identify drug interactions for effect. We ran simulations using the best-fit model parameters to predict the antiviral activity associated with clinically relevant regimens of RBV and IFN alfa as combination therapy. The model predictions were validated using the hollow fiber infection model (HFIM) system. Results RBV and IFN alfa were effective against CHIKV as monotherapy at supraphysiological concentrations. However, RBV and IFN alfa were highly synergistic for antiviral effect when administered as combination therapy. Simulations with our mathematical model predicted that a standard clinical regimen of RBV plus IFN alfa would inhibit CHIKV burden by 2.5 log10 following 24 hours of treatment. In the HFIM system, RBV plus IFN alfa at clinical exposures resulted in a 2.1-log10 decrease in the CHIKV burden following 24 hours of therapy. These findings validate the prediction made by the mathematical model. Conclusions These studies illustrate the promise of RBV plus IFN alfa as a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of CHIKV infections.
Toward the Development of Socio-Metacognitive Expertise: An Approach to Developing Collaborative Competence

ABSTRACTWe proposed and evaluated an instructional framework for increasing students' ability to understand and regulate collaborative interactions called Co-Regulated Collaborative Learning (CRCL). In this instantiation of CRCL, models of collaborative competence were articulated through a set of socio-metacognitive roles. Our population consisted of 28 students from one urban classroom taking part in an 11-week science unit. Our research questions focused on examining the extent to which students understood and used the roles as intended to regulate collaborative interactions to address group process problems. Mixed-methods analysis of collaborative work sessions determined that (a) students generally understood the language and purpose of the roles, (b) students frequently used and accepted the roles to monitor and regulate activity, and (c) students' ability to use the roles to monitor and regulate activity improved over time. This paper contributes to our understanding of socio-metacognition and trad...
Electrical analysis on implantation-related defect by nanoprobing methodology

Abstract Implantation is the key process in the modern semiconductor process which forms the basic device cell by different doping ditribution, depth, angle and element type. They are the key factors to affect the transistor performance, but the implantation-related defect is invisible by the normal failure analysis method. Then electrical analysis and verification is necessary to visualize this kind of defect. Electrical theory is important in this kind of failure analysis to indirectly proven the problematic process. The transistor body effect is a well know effect which is utilized in some kind of IC design to change the transistor Vth for certain purpose. But nobody uses this effect for the implantation-related failure analysis since the implant itself is complex and is not ideally uniform as the theory model. In this paper, implantation-related defect was successfully identified by the application of transistor body effect combined with nanoprobing on the localized structure.
Roles of Urban Indigenous Community Members in Collaborative Field-Based Teacher Preparation:

This qualitative case study explored a community–university partnership for teacher preparation with an urban Indigenous community organization. The study examined the roles of Indigenous community...
Magnesium diboride coated bulk niobium: a new approach to higher acceleration gradient

Bulk niobium Superconducting Radio-Frequency cavities are a leading accelerator technology. Their performance is limited by the cavity loss and maximum acceleration gradient, which are negatively affected by vortex penetration into the superconductor when the peak magnetic field at the cavity wall surface exceeds the vortex penetration field (Hvp). It has been proposed that coating the inner wall of an SRF cavity with superconducting thin films increases Hvp. In this work, we utilized Nb ellipsoid to simulate an inverse SRF cavity and investigate the effect of coating it with magnesium diboride layer on the vortex penetration field. A significant enhancement of Hvp was observed. At 2.8 K, Hvp increased from 2100 Oe for an uncoated Nb ellipsoid to 2700 Oe for a Nb ellipsoid coated with ~200 nm thick MgB2 thin film. This finding creates a new route towards achieving higher acceleration gradient in SRF cavity accelerator beyond the theoretical limit of bulk Nb.
G-CSF Mobilized Versus Conventional Donor Lymphocytes in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies.

Abstract Abstract 4301 Introduction Donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) can reverse relapse of hematologic malignancy following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) in some cases. G-CSF is used to mobilize progenitor cells for transplantation and at our center excess cells have been cryopreserved and subsequently used as DLIs. Little is known regarding the effectiveness of G-CSF mobilized cells as DLIs in the treatment of hematological malignancies. We conducted a retrospective study comparing the overall survival in patients treated with G-CSF mobilized vs. conventional DLI for hematological malignancies. Patients and Methods After IRB approval, we conducted a retrospective chart review of 67 patients who received DLI treatment of management of hematological malignancies. Results Mean age was 48.5 (range 2-78). 41 (62%) patients had AML and 26 (38%) had other hematological malignancies. Patients received 1-4 DLIs each; median was 1 DLI per patient. Median no. of CD3+ cells infused was 107/kg body weight (range 1- 265). 17 (25%) patients received a total of 32 G-CSF mobilized DLIs. 50 (75%) patients received 77 conventional DLI. 20 (29%) patients were treated with immunosuppressive agents at the time of DLI and 49 (73%) received chemotherapy in the 90 days prior to DLI. DLIs were administered for relapse or residual disease post-transplant in 62 patients. 5 patients received 7 DLIs because of poor engraftment. In total 38(56%) patients have died. Death was malignant disease related in 31/38(82%) patients, and caused by graft versus host disease (GVHD) in 5/38 (13%). GVHD deaths were 2/17 in the G-CSF and 3/50 in the conventional group (NS). Median survival after DLI was 213 days for the 67 patients and was similar for GCSF and conventional groups. 19/67 patients survived more than 1 year from the initial DLI. Death and GVHD were not predicted by diagnosis, donor type (related of unrelated), use of immunosuppressives at the time and DLI or number of infused donor CD3 cells. Time to first evidence of GVHD was similar between the two groups (p=0.35). Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival suggested that G-CSF mobilized DLI, while not statistically different from conventional DLI, showed a trend towards a survival advantage (p=0.08). This analysis is shown in the figure below. Conclusion In this series of poor prognosis hematological malignancies, DLI was clearly lifesaving in a number of patients. G-CSF mobilized DLI appears to be at least as effective as conventional DLI for the treatment of patients relapsing after allogeneic blood stem cell transplantation. Download : Download high-res image (62KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Supramolecular delivery of photoactivatable fluorophores in developing embryos

The identification of noninvasive strategies to monitor dynamics within living organisms in real time is essential to elucidate the fundamental factors governing a diversity of biological processes. This study demonstrates that the supramolecular delivery of photoactivatable fluorophores in Drosophila melanogaster embryos allows the real-time tracking of translocating molecules. The designed photoactivatable fluorophores switch from an emissive reactant to an emissive product with spectrally-resolved fluorescence, under moderate blue-light irradiation conditions. These hydrophobic fluorescent probes can be encapsulated within supramolecular hosts and delivered to the cellular blastoderm of the embryos. Thus, the combination of supramolecular delivery and fluorescence photoactivation translates into a noninvasive method to monitor dynamics in vivo and can evolve into a general chemical tool to track motion in biological specimens.
Topology of the three-qubit space of entanglement types

The three-qubit space of entanglement types is the orbit space of the local unitary action on the space of three-qubit pure states and, hence, describes the types of entanglement that a system of three qubits can achieve. We show that this orbit space is homeomorphic to a certain subspace of ${\mathbb{R}}^{6}$, which we describe completely. We give a topologically based classification of three-qubit entanglement types, and we argue that the nontrivial topology of the three-qubit space of entanglement types forbids the existence of standard states with the convenient properties of two-qubit standard states.
Gender and Hedonic Usage Motive Differences in Social Media Site Usage Behavior

ABSTRACTThis study investigates how the user's gender and hedonic usage motive differences influence evaluation and usage of social media sites. This study develops and tests a conceptual model that captures the relationship among four social media site usage determining factors, social media involvement, satisfaction, and usage intention. The moderating role of two user characteristics on the social media site usage behavior is also empirically tested. Structural equation analysis results show significant moderating effects of gender and the hedonic usage motive of users on the evaluation and usage behavior of social media sites. Managerial implications and future research directions are discussed.
The Neurocognitive Profile of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Meta-Analyses.

Objective Numerous meta-analyses have summarized studies comparing the neurocognitive performance of individuals with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to that of healthy controls. Method The present study is a systematic review and quantitative summary of those meta-analyses that aimed to determine the extent to which individuals with ADHD differ cognitively from typically developing controls. Results Of 253 standardized mean differences (SMDs) drawn from 34 meta-analyses, 244 (96%) were positive, indicating better neurocognitive performance in the control group than the ADHD group. The mean effect size was .45 (SD = .27). Unweighted means of SMDs for neurocognitive domains ranged from .35 (set shifting) to .54 (working memory). When weighted by the number of studies aggregated, they ranged from .35 (set shifting) to .66 (reaction time variability). Neurocognitive domains with mean effects over .50 included working memory (.54), reaction time variability (.53), response inhibition (.52), intelligence/achievement (.51), and planning/organization (.51). When weighted by number of aggregated studies, the domains with mean effects over .50 were reaction time variability (.66), intelligence/achievement (.60), vigilance (.56), working memory (.54), and response inhibition (.52). Age moderated the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and neurocognitive functioning, with greater between-groups differences among children and adults than among adolescents. Funding also moderated this relationship: meta-analyses that received drug funding found larger effect sizes than those without drug funding. Conclusions The evidence suggests that ADHD is associated with substantial deficits across a variety of neurocognitive domains. This is the most in-depth review of the neurocognitive functioning of people with ADHD to date.
Multipole-Based Cable Braid Electromagnetic Penetration Model: Electric Penetration Case

We investigate the electric penetration case of the first principles multipole-based cable braid electromagnetic penetration model reported in the Progress in Electromagnetics Research B 66, 63–89 (2016). We first analyze the case of a 1-D array of wires: this is a problem which is interesting on its own, and we report its modeling based on a multipole-conformal mapping expansion and extension by means of Laplace solutions in bipolar coordinates. We then compare the elastance (inverse of capacitance) results from our first principles cable braid electromagnetic penetration model to that obtained using the multipole-conformal mapping bipolar solution. These results are found in a good agreement up to a radius to half spacing ratio of 0.6, demonstrating a robustness needed for many commercial cables. We then analyze realistic cable implementations without dielectrics and compare the results from our first principles braid electromagnetic penetration model to the semiempirical results reported by Kley in the IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility 35, 1–9 (1993). Although we find results on the same order of magnitude of Kley's results, the full dependence on the actual cable geometry is accounted for only in our proposed multipole model which, in addition, enables us to treat perturbations from those commercial cables measured.
Generalizations of Theorems About Triangles

(1965). Generalizations of Theorems About Triangles. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 38, No. 5, pp. 253-259.
How to feel about war: On soldier psyches, military biopolitics, and American empire

The basic structure of contemporary military biopolitics, in which military bodies and minds are kept alive and allowed to die, entails both an institutional problem of how to shore up life that is exposed to harm and a cultural problem of how to reckon with a routinized trade in life and death that happens not incidentally, but on purpose. Amidst this tension, the military psyche becomes both an inhabited, embodied site and an imaginative point of reference for the question of how to feel about war. This article takes stock of the contemporary landscape of war-related mental affliction via three relatively novel interventions: military suicide prevention, the framing post-traumatic stress as “moral injury,” and resiliency training meant to inoculate soldiers against the stress of the battlefield. Drawing on a range of clinical and media sources and ethnographic research with post-9/11 military personnel, I show how each of these efforts constructs specific forms of war-related psychic destruction as objects of public and institutional concern, normalizes the institutional arrangements that produce it, and informs public perceptions of what war is by constructing figures of what it does to those who fight it.
Strategies for Polynomial Systems

Before we devote numerous pages to the topic of polynomial systems of equations over finite fields, we should pause and ask why one would want to do this. This will give us an opportunity to highlight the several applications of this interesting area.
The Best Laid Plans of Mice and Men

As magnificent as New York’s transit system is, its history is full of plans and designs that, for better or worse, have never been implemented. Many of these have been noted in previous chapters. In this chapter, some of the more important, but unimplemented, projects are reviewed, together with some thoughts on how the city might have changed if they had been built. As New York looks towards the future, it is also appropriate to speculate on what role existing and perhaps expanded transit will play.
Visions of the Digital Library: Views on Using Computational Linguistics and Semantic Nets in Information Retrieval*

Whether there is arole for natural language processing techniques in information science has always been in question. Walker et al. 1977 report that the impact of linguistics, then a rapidly growing and vibrant field revolving around the study of language as a formal system, had surprisingly little impact on the field of information science, a field also revolving around the understanding of documents consisting largely of language. However, optimism and promise of results arising from collaborative efforts were also reported in Walker et al. 1977. In light of this optimism, this paper presents proposals for incorporating a semantic net derived semi-automatically from various machine-readable dictionaries into several aspects of the information retrieval task, including text indexing in order to cluster related documents, query expansion, and the the construction of a browser as part of the human interface.
Is Dosimetric Effect of Leaf Width of MLC Clinically Significant in IMRT

It is generally believed that the quality of intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatment plans with finer multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf resolution is better. We tested this hypothesis by analyzing treatment plans optimized using Philips Pinnacle3 treatment planning system (TPS) for multiple patients with tumor sites located in Head and Neck (H&N), Prostate and Spine. For each patient, two IMRT plans are created using the same objective functions, optimization algorithm (Direct Machine Parameter Optimization), and other radiation therapy planning parameters: one with 0.5 cm leaf width and the other with 1.0 cm leaf width. The beam modeling of the two virtual machines in the TPS was exactly the same except for the MLC leaf width. The dose volume histogram (DVH) is used in the planning process. A criterion of 95% of the target volume receiving the prescribed dose was satisfied for all plans. Dose verification using a diode array (Mapcheck, Sun Nuclear) was also made to quantify the dosimetric accuracy of each plan in terms of average pass rate of total dose points using various evaluation criteria. The analysis of DVHs revealed clinically minor dosimetric differences between 0.5 cm and 1 cm width MLCs. Dosimetric indices, i.e., Planed Target Volume (PTV) coverage, conformity and inhomogeneity, presented simple quantitative measures of the plans width different MLC leaf width. Almost identical target coverage and similar dose distributions among the critical structures were observed in both H&N, prostate and spine patients. Interestingly, it was found that the dosimetric accuracy of plans generated with 1.0 cm leaf width MLC was superior than those with 0.5 cm leaf width.
Barriers and Facilitators to Breast and Cervical Cancer Screening Among Immigrants in the United States

To summarize the literature on barriers and facilitators to breast and cervical cancer screening among immigrants to the US. A literature review was conducted for studies on breast and cervical cancer screening among immigrant populations. A thematic analysis of 180 studies identified a variety of barriers and facilitators to screening at the personal and system levels. Personal barriers included lack of knowledge and insurance coverage, high cost of care, and immigration status. System barriers included poor access to services, lack of interpreter services, and insensitivity to patient needs. Facilitators to screening included knowledge of disease, access to information sources, physician recommendation, and social networks. Cultural norms and resource availability at the individual and system levels influence screening among immigrants. Health insurance coverage was found to be an important predictor of preventative screening use. Future research should seek to identify the best way to address this and other barriers to cancer screening among immigrants groups.
Author Correction: Polygonal motion and adaptable phototaxis via flagellar beat switching in the microswimmer Euglena gracilis

In the version of this Article originally published, the angular oscillation of amplitude in Fig. 4a was incorrectly labelled ζ; it should have been ξ. Also, the blue line in the top-right corner of Fig. 6d should not have been dash-dotted but solid. These have now been corrected in all versions of the Article.