cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cybertext redux: using digital game-based learning to teach L2 vocabulary, reading, and culture

The essay reports on a mixed-methods study using an interactive fiction (IF) game to teach German vocabulary, reading, and culture to university students. The study measured knowledge retention and transfer, and evaluated the attitudes of students toward the game. The results tentatively indicate that contextualized, immersive role play may have helped students to learn. Nevertheless, most students were apprehensive about the game as a learning platform given the departure from traditional instruction. New research findings related to the software design and development process, and student involvement in this process, are also discussed.
Organic Photovoltaic Cells Using Group 10 Metallophthalocyanine Electron Donors

Organic planar heterojunction solar cells using as an electron acceptor and group 10 metal phthalocyanines (nickel, palladium, and platinum) as electron donors have been fabricated and evaluated for their device characteristics. Upon changing the metal center, these devices exhibit interesting trends, such as variations in the open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and power-conversion efficiency. Devices based on palladium phthalocyanine (PdPc) exhibited the best performance, achieving power-conversion efficiencies of 2.4% under AM1.5G ( ) illumination. This is due to the higher ionization potential of PdPc and greater efficiency of charge photogeneration. Nickel phthalocyanine (NiPc) has the highest hole mobility, but cells using NiPc have the weakest charge-generation efficiency. This is due to poor exciton diffusion to the organic heterojunction that can be overcome by using a composite NiPc: charge-generation layer. An optimized NiPc-based cell has a power-conversion efficiency of 1.9%.
Spatial stimulation of the electrosensory system of mormyrid electric fish

The long-term goal of this project is to understand adaptive processing in sensory systems. Our work focuses on the electrosensory system of the mormyrid electric fish, a system uniquely suited for the study of adaptive sensory processing. The electrosensory lateral line lobe (ELL) of the mormyrid electric fish presents a special opportunity for examining the influence adaptation on sensory processing because much of the physiology [1] and anatomy [2] has been well characterized. The mormyrid electric fish senses its environment by emitting an electric organ discharge (EOD) and detecting the perturbations that nearby objects cause in the self-generated electric field. Specialized mormyromast electroreceptors sense the self-generated field and its distortions. Afferent fibers from these electroreceptors respond to the fish’s own EOD, and the field strength of the electric field is encoded in the latency of the afferent spike response [3,4]. The electrosensory responses are conveyed with somatotopic precision to the ELL where the fibers terminate [5]. Previous research on electrosensory adaptation has concentrated on point-like electrical fields on the skin. Since the purpose of the electrosensory system is to analyze changes in spatial patterns, we expect that presenting a spatially distributed electrical pattern will lead to a better understanding of adaptive aspects of electrosensory processing in ELL. Thus, we have begun construction of a stimulus device that can present a spatially distributed electrical pattern on the skin of a mormyrid fish. By controlling the patterns that we present, we can simultaneously record from principal cells of ELL to observe changes in responses to spatial patterns. The first phase of our stimulus development program has been to present a low-resolution, 1-dimensional pattern on the fish’s skin. The design was based on an array of vertical rectangles that could be independently controlled to present a spatially varying electrical image along the fish’s skin. We developed electrostatic models to predict fields that would be generated by an array of stimulator pads in water. We have developed an electrical pattern design algorithm that will approximate any given electrical pattern by imposing a set of electrical potentials on the stimulator array. The algorithm will allow flexibility in electrophysiological experimental design to test hypotheses about spatial effects on sensory processing. A cellular modeling component of this study has been developed to predict the responses of individual neurons to stimulation by spatial patterns. Results of our neuronal network models will be compared with experimental measurements of cell responses to the same stimulation to iteratively improve our understanding of mechanisms of electrosensory processing.
Maternally imprinted microRNAs are differentially expressed during mouse and human lung development

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a recently discovered class of noncoding genes that regulate the translation of target mRNA. More than 300 miRNAs have now been discovered in humans, although the function of most is still unknown. A highly sensitive, semiquantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction method was used to reveal the differential expression of several miRNAs during the development of both mouse and human lung. Of note was the up-regulation in neonatal mouse and fetal human lung of a maternally imprinted miRNA cluster located at human chromosome 14q32.31 (mouse chromosome 12F2), which includes the miR-154 and miR-335 families and is situated within the Gtl2-Dio3 domain. Conversely, several miRNAs were up-regulated in adult compared with neonatal/fetal lung, including miR-29a and miR-29b. Differences in the spatial expression patterns of miR-154, miR-29a, and miR-26a was demonstrated using in situ hybridization of mouse neonatal and adult tissue using miRNA-specific locked nucleic acid (LNA) probes. Of interest, miR-154 appeared to be localized to the stroma of fetal but not adult lungs. The overall expression profile was similar for mouse and human tissue, suggesting evolutionary conservation of miRNA expression during lung development and demonstrating the importance of maternally imprinted miRNAs in the developmental process.
Promoting organizational learning inhigher education to achieve equity in educational outcomes

This chapter describes a project in which teams of faculty, administrators, and staff from fourteen colleges and universities engaged in organizational learning for the purposes of identifying and improving inequitable educational outcomes for African American and Latino students.
Genetic algorithm: the last word for solving all of your design problems?

Discusses the application of genetic algorithms to antenna design. The antennas considered are: ship and humvee broadband antennas, center fed dipole antennas, microstrip patch antennas and multi-layer frequency selective surface screens. The antennas cover the HF, VHF and UHF ranges.
Poverty And Childhood Survival Rates In Sub-Saharan Africa

Life-expectancy at birth is an important indicator of well-being. Most of the nations with very high life expectancy rates are among the economically advanced nations of the world. This fact leads one to infer that mortality differences exist partly due to economic status. The poverty of women and children remain a major developing challenge for all societies, especially the developing nations. Women in Sub-Saharan Africa play a very important role in food production, bearing and raising children, the prevention/treatment of childhood diseases and malnutrition. As such, the education of mothers and household income could help improve family health, and sanitation. The findings here do show that childhood mortality is significantly influenced by female education, household income, and the feeding practices of mothers.
Di-μ-oxido-bis-[(1,4,8,11-tetra-aza-cyclo-tetra-decane-κN,N',N'',N''')dimangan-ese(III,IV)] bis-(tetra-phenyl-borate) chloride acetonitrile disolvate.

The title compound, [Mn2O2(C10H24N4)2](C24H20B)2Cl·2CH3CN, is a mixed-valent MnIII/MnIV oxide-bridged mangan­ese dimer with one chloride and two tetra­phenyl­borate counter-anions. There are two non-coordinated mol­ecules of acetonitrile in the formula unit. A center of inversion is present between the two metal atoms, and, consequently, there is no distinction between MnIII and MnIV metal centers. In the Mn2O2 core, the Mn—O distances are 1.817 (3) and 1.821 (3) A. The cyclam ligand is in the cis configuration. The chloride counter-anion resides on a center of symmetry, whereas the tetra­phenyl­borate counter-anion is in a general position. The cyclam ligand is hydrogen bonded to the acetonitrile as well as to the chloride anion. One of the phenyl rings of the anion and the acetonitrile solvent molecule are each disordered over two sets of sites.
THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE VENOMOUS SNAKES

In the virtual absence of a fossil record, the origin and subsequent evolution of the venomous snakes must be inferred from our knowledge of their modern representatives. Evidence pertaining to this history has been accumulating since the days of Boulenger and Cope. However, the several interpretations of this evidence have led to conflicting phylogenetic schemes. These difficulties are to be expected from the limitations of the comparative method and the high degree of specialization by these snakes. The chief point of disagreement among the current and choice hypotheses is in the relationship between the Elapidae and the Viperidae. These families have long been regarded as independent derivatives of colubrid ancestry. The present paper is to introduce new evidence as to the relationships between the major groups of venomous snakes from a study of their vertebral characteristics. The results of this study, together with the evidence from other sources, indicate that the elapine and viperine stocks are intimately related. Enough evidence is available to suggest a course of the development of these families which will accommodate those features that have previously been regarded as ambiguous and inconsistent. In order to reconstruct a phylogeny such as this, we seek those morphological attributes that have remained relatively stable in time. Vertebral form among snakes exhibits such stability. In a recent study the writer has explored the adaptive significance of vertebral form in snakes (Johnson, 1954). Vertebral shape was expressed in twelve measures and these in turn were combined into ratios to provide the characters for quantitative analysis. Only those ratios that showed low intra-columnar variability were employed. With a sample of 57 snakes representing eight families, the association of vertebral variety with mode of life was tested. The results of this study indicated that vertebral form is remarkably stable. Little association of the characters with various modes of life was found. Further, an attempt was made to demonstrate the association of the characters with mode of life in one family, the Colubridae. The same results were obtained; the colubrids showed little divergence with respect to gross adaptation. An analysis of six families revealed that vertebral form reflected taxonomic relationships to a greater degree than mode of life. These results suggest that the variation of form expresses those primary adaptive tendencies correlated with the divergence of groups now recognized as taxonomic entities. This study provided an assessment of the reliability of snake vertebrae as a source of phylogenetic inference. With such a background the vertebral characteristics of the following families were studied:
The post-coronary syndrome.

Some male patients who survive acute coronary thromboses develop a post-coronary syndrome after returning to work. The syndrome and its treatment are described and suggestions are given for helping the patient in his readjustment to normal activity.
Analysis on Quality Surveillance of Drinking Water in Luancheng County of Hebei Province in 2008

[Objective]To detect and analyze the 28 physical and chemical indicators and 3 microbial indicators of drinking water in Luancheng County of Hebei Province in 2008,so as to understand its water quality,and provide scientific evidence for implementation of the health of drinking water.[Methods]Sampling,preservation and transportation to laboratory for testing were based on the "Drinking Water Health Standards (GBT 5749-2006)".[Results]Of 150 tested samples of drinking water in 2008,125 were qualified,qualified rate was 83.3%.Among which qualified rate of total plate count was 90.0%,that of total coliform was 94.7%,84.7% of total hardness,98.7% of manganese,99.3% of chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.[Conclusion]The qualified rate of drinking water in this county is lower than that of other city.It is necessary to strengthen administrative intervention and surveillance measures to ensure drinking water quality
Abstract 177: Src family kinase Fyn promotes the neuroendocrine phenotype and visceral metastasis in advanced prostate cancer

FYN is a SRC family kinase (SFK) that has been shown to be up-regulated in human prostate cancer (PCa) tissues and cell lines. In this study, we observed that FYN is strongly up-regulated in human neuroendocrine PCa (NEPC) tissues and xenografts, as well as cells derived from a NEPC transgenic mouse model. In silico analysis of FYN expression in prostate cancer cell line databases revealed an association with the expression of neuroendocrine (NE) markers such as CHGA, CD44, CD56, and SYP. The loss of FYN abrogated the invasion of PC3 and ARCaPM cells in response to MET receptor ligand HGF. FYN also contributed to the metastatic potential of NEPC cells in two mouse models of visceral metastasis with two different cell lines (PC3 and TRAMPC2-RANKL). The activation of MET appeared to regulate neuroendocrine (NE) features as evidenced by increased expression of NE markers in PCa cells lines treated with HGF. Importantly, the overexpression of FYN protein in DU145 cells was directly correlated with the increase of CHGA. Thus, our data demonstrated that the neuroendocrine differentiation that occurs in PCa cells is, at least in part, regulated by FYN kinase. Understanding the role of FYN in the regulation of NE markers will provide further support for ongoing clinical trials of SFK and MET inhibitors in castration-resistant PCa patients. Citation Format: Karen Cavassani, Murali Gururajan, Margarit Sievert, Peng Duan, Michael Freeman, Gina Chia-Yi Chu, Neil Bhowmick, Leland Chung, Edward Posadas. Src family kinase Fyn promotes the neuroendocrine phenotype and visceral metastasis in advanced prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 177.
Born to be Big: data, graphs, and their entangled complexity

Big Data and Big Graphs have become landmarks of current crossborder research, destined to remain so for long time. While we try to optimize the ability of assimilating both, novel methods continue to inspire new applications, and vice versa. Clearly these two big things, data and graphs, are connected, but can we ensure management of their complexities, computational efficiency, robust inference? Critical bridging features are addressed here to identify grand challenges and bottlenecks.
Visualizing Identities in LIS Literature

This paper is based on statistical and qualitative analysis of library and information science (LIS) literature. Our study asks the question of whether, and if so, how, and how often, the discourse...
Antitumor Activity of Fermented Colostrum and Milk.

Male Swiss mice, implanted with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells, were fed each of the following test materials: fresh bovine colostrum, colostrum cultured with Lactobacillus acidophilus , colostrum cultured with Lactobacillus bulgaricus , colostrum cultured with L. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus , milk cultured with L. acidophilus and milk cultured with L. bulgaricus . Fresh colostrum had no significant effect when fed ad libitum for 7 consecutive days after tumor implantation. Colostrum fermented with L. acidophilus , L. bulgaricus or yogurt culture significantly (P< 0.05) inhibited tumor cell proliferation as indicated by a 16 to 40% decrease in cell counts and a 13 to 35% decrease in DNA synthesis. Similar effects were noted for whole milk fermented with either L. acidophilus or L. bulgaricus .
A Nonlinear Shell Theory with Through-The-Thickness Stretch

This paper summarizes the important features of a geometrically exact resultant based shell model which incorporates through-the-thickness stretch. The shell is modeled as a single extensible director Cosserat surface where variable thickness and thickness stretch effects are accounted for through the extensibility of the director field. Even though thickness effects are included, the resulting equations are numerically well-conditioned in the thin shell limit and a simple linear elastic constitutive model is given which possesses the correct asymptotic behavior as the thickness tends to zero and identically recovers the plane stress constitutive relations in the thin shell limit. The performance of the theory is demonstrated by two numerical examples.
Update on maximal anabolic response to dietary protein.

Summary The anabolic response to dietary protein can be defined as the difference between protein synthesis and breakdown, or the net protein balance, in response to ingestion of protein alone or a mixed meal containing protein. Others have concluded that a maximal anabolic response can be achieved with ingestion of 20–35 g of a high quality protein, leading to the formulation of a popular concept that the maximal anabolic response can be achieved by distributing the total protein intake evenly throughout the day, rather than eating a majority of dietary protein with dinner. However, this concept was based entirely on the measurement of muscle protein synthesis and thus ignored the potential contributions of suppression of protein breakdown to the anabolic response, as well as the possibility that tissues and organs other than muscle may also play a role in the anabolic response. In this review we discuss the factors comprising the total anabolic response, discuss relevant methodological issues, derive a theoretical maximal anabolic response based on current literature values, and interpret recent papers addressing the issue of maximal anabolic response as well as meal distribution of dietary protein. We conclude that it is not likely that there is a practical limit to the maximal anabolic response to a single meal, and the most efficient way in which to maximize the total anabolic response over a 24-h period is to increase dietary protein at breakfast and lunch without reducing protein intake with dinner.
China and the end of the Cold War in Europe

The journal is lucky to have gathered a set of outstanding articles on the relationship between the Chinese leadership under Deng Xiaoping and European governments towards the end of the Cold War e...
Chapter 1 – Clouds

Publisher Summary Cloud microphysical processes can be seen as a swarm or ensemble of particles that contribute collectively, and in an integrated way, to the macroscale dynamics and thermodynamics of the cloud. This chapter presents a similar perspective of small-scale air motions in clouds and examines the collective behavior or statistical contributions of the smallest cloud eddies to the energetics of clouds and to transport processes in clouds. The meso-β-scale and meso-α-scale with a wide-angle lens, thus encompassing their contributions to the energetics and transport processes of a particular cloud as well as to neighboring clouds or cloud systems. The meso-β-scale and meso-α-scale can, for the most part, be considered the environment of the cloud scale that is generally the meso-γ-scale. The chapter presents a classification of clouds that is based on the “dynamic” characteristics of clouds rather than on the physical appearance of clouds from the perspective of a ground observer. It also examines certain cloud characteristics that have a major controlling influence upon whether or not precipitation processes are important and whether diabatic processes such as condensational heating and radiative transfer dominate the cloud energetics. As these physical processes affect the dynamics of the cloud, it is important to recognize under what conditions and in which cloud types these processes are important.
Concerns for ozone recovery

Reactive halogen gases containing chlorine (Cl) or bromine (Br) can destroy stratospheric ozone via catalytic cycles. The main sources of atmospheric reactive halogen are the long-lived synthetic chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), methyl chloroform (CH3CCl3), and bromine-containing halons, all of which persist in the atmosphere for years. These ozone-depleting substances are now controlled under the Montreal Protocol and its amendments. Natural methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl) emissions are also important long-lived sources of atmospheric reactive halogen. Rising concentrations of very-short-lived substances (VSLSs) with atmospheric lifetimes of less than half a year may also contribute to future stratospheric ozone depletion. A greater concern for ozone layer recovery is incomplete compliance with the Montreal Protocol, which will impact stratospheric ozone for many decades, as well as rising natural emissions as a result of climate change.
Distribution of LDH-1 in Normal, Ischemic, and Necrotic Myocardium: An Immunoperoxidase Study

To study the distribution of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-1) (H4) in normal, ischemic, and necrotic myocardium using the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technic, the authors studied formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded sections of human (n = 11) and canine (n = 28) myocardium. All normal control myocardium showed positive immunostaining for LDH-1 (H4). In infarcts 10 hours or more old, the histologically necrotic myocardium (by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining) (TTC) showed markedly diminished immunostaining. In 24-dogs ischemia was induced in a closed-chest model using a balloon-tipped catheter inflated in the left anterior descending coronary artery. In dogs with 3 hours or more of occlusion, myocardium that was necrotic by TTC staining, light and/or electron microscopy, showed diminished staining for LDH-1, while normal, control myocardium stained intensely. In four dogs, ischemia was induced by a controlled perfusion apparatus by which left main coronary flow was reduced by 50%. Ischemia without necrosis was documented by demonstration of glycogen loss with no light or electron microscopic evidence of necrosis. These ischemic fibers stained intensely for LDH-1, as did controls. Thus, by immunoperoxidase staining, LDH-1 can be demonstrated in normal human and canine myocardium. In experimental models of ischemia in dogs, tissue that was ischemic but not necrotic showed no diminished staining. LDH-1 loss can be detected in necrotic myocardium as early as 3 hours after coronary artery occlusion.
Patient narratives in Yelp reviews offer insight into opioid experiences and the challenges of pain management.

AIM To characterize Yelp reviews about pain management and opioids. METHODS We manually coded and applied natural language processing to 836 Yelp reviews of US hospitals mentioning an opioid medication. RESULTS Yelp reviews by patients and caregivers describing experiences with pain management and opioids had lower ratings compared with other reviews. Negative descriptions of pain management and opioid-related experiences were more commonly described than positive experiences, and the number of themes they reflected was more diverse. CONCLUSION Yelp reviews offer insights into pain management and opioid use that are not assessed by traditional surveys. As a free, highly utilized source of unstructured narratives, Yelp may allow ongoing assessment of policies related to pain management and opioid use.
Pleural fluid may pose no measurable effect on lung stiffness in lung ultrasound surface wave elastography

Lung ultrasound surface wave elastography (LUSWE) was developed as a non-invasive tool for assessing pulmonary fibrosis. In this research, the effect of the fleural fluid on surface wave speed measurement of the lung is studied. Low-cost sponges [J. Ultrasound Med. 2017; 36, 2133], as good lung phantoms, were used in this study. The ultrasound transmission gel was used to simulate the pleural fluid. A harmonic vibration was generated at sponge surfaces using a shaker at 100, 150, and 200 Hz. The sponge surface wave speeds were measured with a 6 MHz ultrasound probe for both with and without a thin layer gel. The ultrasound features of A and B-lines were clearly observed in every sponge model in our experiment. The surface wave speeds for the sponges with the gel were indistinguishable from those without the gel for each frequency. The surface wave speeds were faster at higher excitation frequencies which is consistent with our patient study results. It was conclude that the pleural fluid may not affect th...
Morphology of the Lung in Late Septic Shock

The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is sometimes associated with the onset of sustained pulmonary hypertension (Zapol and Snider 1977) and accompanying structural remodelling of the pulmonary arterial circulation — increased medial thickness of preacinar arteries, reduction in peripheral arterial bed and appearance of muscle in walls of normally nonmuscular intraacinar arteries (Snow et al. 1982; Meyrick 1986). Animal models of acute lung injury, e.g., repeated endotoxemia and thoracic irradiation (Meyrick and Brigham 1986; Perkett et al. 1986), confirm an association between acute lung injury and the onset of chronic pulmonary vascular disease but the trigger to its development is not known. Hypoxia and increased mural pressure have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of this disease (Meyrick and Reid 1978; Poiani et al. 1990) and our recent data in sheep also suggests that chronic or repeated inflammation may also play a role (Meyrick et al. 1985, 1987; Perkett et al. 1986, 1988). Inflammation also occurs in the rat monocrotaline and hyperoxia models of pulmonary hypertension (Stenmark et al. 1985; Jones et al. 1984). Several clinical conditions support the idea that inflammation may be involved — chronic pulmonary hypertension may occur in association with chronic bronchitis and emphysema (Semmens and Reid 1974; Magee et al. 1988), cystic fibrosis (Ryland and Reid 1975), collagen vascular diseases, AIDS (Mette et al. 1991) and ARDS (Zapol and Snider 1977; Snow et al. 1982). Currently, there is no effective treatment for patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension.
Wideband Antenna-Isolation Improvement using Photonics for STAR Applications

Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR) technology can be used to enhance the capacity of 5G wireless networks only if a sufficient amount of isolation exists between the sys-tem's transmitter and receiver. RF cancellers utilizing photonic components can be incorporated into a node's architecture to provide additional isolation that is greater than the inherent antenna coupling response. This concept can be applied over wide bandwidths, and has been demonstrated using an over-the-air measurement that resulted in more than 14 dB of isolation improvement over a 1 GHz bandwidth centered at 2.5 GHz.
Widespread Belief That Organic and Additive-Free Tobacco Products are Less Harmful Than Regular Tobacco Products: Results From the 2017 US Health Information National Trends Survey.

Significance US smokers of Natural American Spirit, a brand marketed as "organic" and "additive-free," are more likely than other cigarette smokers to believe that their brand might be less harmful than other brands. This article (1) describes the prevalence of belief that "organic" and "additive-free" tobacco is less harmful than regular tobacco products in the US population and (2) describes the sociodemographic characteristics of adults who believe tobacco products with these descriptors are less harmful. Methods Data were drawn from the 2017 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS), a nationally representative survey of US adults. Logistic regression models were used to examine correlates of the belief that "organic" or "additive-free" tobacco products are less harmful than regular tobacco products. Results Overall, 26.7% of US adults and 45.3% of adult smokers believe that "organic" tobacco products are less harmful than regular tobacco products. Similarly, 35.2% of US adults and 47.1% of smokers believe that "additive-free" tobacco products are less harmful. When examining gender, age, education, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and smoking status, only age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] ~0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.97, 0.99 for both outcomes) and smoking status (current vs. never smokers, aOR ~1.78, 95% CI 1.03, 3.07 for both outcomes) were correlates of believing that "organic" or "additive-free" tobacco is less harmful than regular tobacco products. Conclusions Belief that "organic" and "additive-free" tobacco products are less harmful than other products is widespread. Younger adults and current smokers are most likely to be misinformed by "organic" or "additive-free" tobacco product descriptors. Implications Belief that "organic" and "additive-free" tobacco products are less harmful than other products is widespread among US adults and most prevalent among smokers. Removal of terms that incorrectly imply reduced harm may correct current and future consumers' misperceptions about the brand.
The Shakespeare Frolic Project: Massaging Shakespeare through Multimedia.

How to teach Shakespeare to oppositional high school students presents one of the major dilemmas of our age. Many of the approaches offered in educational journals seem to presuppose that would-be Shakespeare scholars sit quietly in rows, raise their hands anxiously, and beg the teacher to allow them to stay after school to learn more. In truth, most contemporary students are not thrilled about the prospect of a six-week intensive study of the Bard. However, by using a variety of familiar media-video, music, film, the Intemrnet-teachers can open up students to the works of Shakespeare to an extent they might not have thought possible. In this article, I will present the details of the Shakespeare Frolic Project, a multimedia approach to teaching works of Shakespeare that involves students in writing, analyzing, drawing, reading, and performing. Because I have been involved in two lengthy university/secondary collaborations, I have had the opportunity to use the Shakespeare Frolic Project with classes of ninth-grade Practical English students as well as with classes of college juniors. Not only did both sets of students become engaged in the work of Shakespeare; their interest in the Bard endured long after the completion of the unit. I believe there are four reasons for adapting Shakespeare into various modes and media:
A Path to Greater Credibility: Large-Scale Collaborative Education Research

Concerns about the replication crisis and unreliable findings have spread through several fields, including education and psychological research. In some areas of education, researchers have begun ...
Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of cowbird parasitism on an eastern North American population of Red-winged Blackbirds

Red-winged Blackbirds (Agelaius phoeniceus), hereafter red-wings, are much less frequently parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) in eastern North America than in central North America and had not been recorded as hosts in our study area in southeastern Pennsylvania. Although hosts of Old World cuckoos (Cuculidae) often show geographic variation in egg rejection behavior, cowbird hosts typically exhibit uniform responses of all acceptance or all rejection of cowbird eggs. Thus, geographic variation in cowbird parasitism frequencies might reflect a different behavioral response to parasitism by hosts where only some populations reject parasitism. In this study, we tested whether egg rejection behavior may explain the lack of parasitism observed in our eastern red-wing population, which may provide insight into low parasitism levels across eastern North America. We parasitized red-wing nests with model cowbird eggs to determine their response to parasitism. Nests were tested across three nest stages and compared to control nests with no manipulations. Because rejection differed significantly by stage, we compared responses separately for each nest stage. We also monitored other songbird nests to identify parasitism frequencies on all potential hosts. Red-wings showed significantly more rejections during the building stage, but not for the laying and incubation stages. Rejections during nest building involved mostly egg burials, which likely represent a continuation of the nest building process rather than true rejection of the cowbird egg. Excluding these responses, red-wings rejected 15% of cowbird eggs, which is similar to rejection levels from other studies and populations. The overall parasitism frequency on 11 species surveyed in our study area was only 7.4%. Egg rejection behavior does not explain the lack of parasitism on red-wings in our eastern population. Alternatively, we suggest that cowbird preference for other hosts and the low abundance of cowbirds in the east might explain the lack of parasitism. Future research should also explore cowbird and host density and the makeup of the host community to explain the low levels of parasitism on red-wings across eastern North America because egg rejection alone is unlikely to explain this broad geographic trend.
Low Hanging Fruit: How Sports Talk Radio Hosts Discuss Racism:

Talk radio has grown exponentially in the United States. The growth in talk radio was ignited by the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which allowed station owners to purchase more stations without a...
Abstract MP22: GRP78 Protects Against Angiotensin II-induced Protein Aggregation, Profibrotic VSMC Phenotype, And Vascular Remodeling

Arterial stiffening is a critical risk factor contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease and end organ damage. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) hypercontractility, vessel fibrosis,...
Liver Transplant Recipient, Caregiver, and Provider Perceptions of Cardiovascular Disease and Related Risk Factors After Transplant.

Liver transplant recipients (LTRs) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We sought to characterize LTR, informal caregiver, and health care provider perceptions about CVD care after liver transplantation (LT) to inform the design of solutions to improve care. Participants included adult LTRs, their caregivers, and multispecialty health care providers recruited from an urban tertiary care network who participated in 90-minute focus groups and completed a brief survey. Focus group transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis, and survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A total of 17 LTRs, 9 caregivers, and 22 providers participated in 7 separate focus groups. Most (93.3%) LTRs and caregivers were unaware of the risk of CVD after LT. Although 54.5% of providers were confident discussing CVD risk factors with LTRs, only 36.3% were confident managing CVD risk factors in LTRs, and only 13.6% felt that CVD risk factors in their LTR patients were well controlled. Barriers to CVD care for LTRs included (1) lack of awareness of CVD risk after LT, (2) lack of confidence in an ability to provide proper CVD care to LTRs, (3) reluctance to provide CVD care without transplant provider review, and (4) complexity of communication with the multidisciplinary LTR care team about CVD care. Participant recommendations included improved education for LTRs and caregivers about CVD risk factors, electronic health record alerts for providers, clearly defined CVD care provider roles, increased use of the transplant pharmacist, and multidisciplinary provider meetings to discuss care plans for LTRs. Multiple barriers to CVD care after LT were identified, and targeted recommendations were proposed by participants. Transplant centers should integrate participants' recommendations when designing interventions to optimize CVD care for LTRs.
Tackling AKI: prevention, timing of dialysis and follow-up.

Timely diagnosis and dialytic treatment of acute kidney injury (AKI) came to the forefront at the height of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic as admissions surged in intensive care units. Research on early diagnosis, timing of initiation of kidney replacement therapy, and appropriate post-hospitalization patient care remains essential to tackling the burden of AKI.
Script Development and Social Change in Papua New Guinea

Theoretical debates in communication for development and social change have focused on best practices for creating meaningful and culturally relevant content, egalitarian methods of participation, and establishing sustainable structural support for ongoing media and communication enterprises. This chapter focuses on a detailed description and analysis of screenplay development as an illustration of how participation, community engagement, collaboration, facilitation, feedback mechanisms, stakeholder involvement and social change concerns were brought to bear on a creative media process in Papua New Guinea. Specifically, the project was designed to produce a screenplay and provide writers with skills for ongoing film production projects. Weaving together story development with alternating emphasis on content and process, the chapter attends to the structures put into place to nurture and develop a cinematic narrative that explores the theme of gender-based violence. I argue that focusing on a difficult social issue requires a careful balance between expert input and trusting young Papua New Guineans to write from their own experiences, and that this creates a dynamic, culturally specific type of script development.
Abstract PO-025: Radiation-induced and FACS-sorted senescent tdTOMp16+ cells upregulate profibrotic genes in C57BL/6 stromal target cells

Acute Radiation Syndrome and the multiorgan failure from delayed effects of acute radiation exposure present challenging consequences of radiation terrorism or a radiological accident. Recent research suggests that radiation-induced cellular senescence plays an important role in radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF), and that clearance of senescent cells (SCs) could be an effective therapeutic strategy. However, the identification and targeted removal of only senescent cells using drugs have been difficult. Here we have established a bone-marrow stromal cell line from a tdTOMp16+ mouse. We show that 5 Gy irradiation induces ~9% cellular senescence in tdTOMp16+ stromal line after 10 days and can be isolated as a pure population of red tdTOMp16+ cells by FACS sorting. To confirm that these irradiated and then sorted red cells are senescent, we cultured them as single cells in 96-well plates and followed for four weeks. None of the 960 irradiated red cells we plated divided after 2 weeks, 137 of these cells remained intact and assumed large and flat cellular morphology. In contrast, 50 of 800 cells that were irradiated but didn’t turn red, divided, as did 104 of 560 nonirradiated control cells (0 Gy) divided. There was significant upregulation of senescent cell markers including SA-s-gal, p16, and p21 in the irradiated and sorted red cells when compared to irradiated nonred cells. Sorted irradiated red, non-irradiated, or irradiated non-red cells were placed on the top well of transwells. There was a significant induction of fibrotic genes Ctgf, Tgf- s, collagen 1a, and collagen 3 in C57/B6 stromal target cells in the bottom layer by irradiated red cells, but not the other cell populations irradiated non-red. Thus, radiation-induced biomarkers of fibrosis are induced by senescent cells. Citation Format: Amitava Mukherjee, Michael Epperly, Donna Shields, Wen Hou, Renee Fisher, Diala Hamade, Joel S. Greenberger. Radiation-induced and FACS-sorted senescent tdTOMp16+ cells upregulate profibrotic genes in C57BL/6 stromal target cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-025.
Impact of COVID-19: A Text Mining Analysis of Twitter Data in Spanish Language.

Background:Latino communities in the United States and Latin America are disproportionately affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed information shared on Twitter in Spanish language for insi...
Magnetization Compensation Temperature and Frustration-Induced Topological Defects in Ferrimagnetic Antiperovskite Mn_{4}N.

First-principles-based simulations are conducted to investigate magnetic properties and topological spin textures in the antiperovskite ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{4}\mathrm{N}$ ferrimagnet. A magnetization compensation temperature, resulting from a competition between different Mn sublattices, is found in this system, when under thermal equilibrium. Striking metastable topological states are also discovered, including nanometric hedgehog-antihedgehog pairs that originate from frustrated exchange interactions rather than the usual Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction.
Non-destructive testing via standard laboratory test equipment

Non-destructive testing research involving ultrasonics is being pursued at the United States Naval Academy under the sponsorship of the David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center. Specifically, efforts to improve various aspects of testing, the equipment used and software developed, are addressed in this article. Particular emphasis is placed upon the software and the problems that were overcome in using a digitizing oscilloscope and computer made by different manufacturers
H/sub /spl infin// robust decentralized controller for nonlinear power systems

A methodology to design decentralized controllers for interconnected subsystems of a nonlinear power system is suggested. It is based on exact linearization which is obtained using exact feedback linearization control (FBLC) and observation decoupled state space (ODSS) modeling. A nonlinear control law transforms the nonlinear system into an equivalent linear system. The decentralized nonlinear control law achieved is implemented through local measurements for each machine. The local controllers are designed simultaneously to avoid iterative process. The H/sub /spl infin//-robust control method is applied to obtain the robustness of the designed controller. For each subsystem, a decoupled, nonlinear control law is sought so that the overall closed loop system is stable and achieves desired H/sub /spl infin// performance. Analysis is illustrated with a 3rd order model for two synchronous generators connected through a tie line. The methodology can be applied to almost all dynamical systems for which local measurements are available for feedback.
SPORE GERMINATION AND CARBON METABOLISM IN FUSARIUM SOLANI IV. Metabolism of Ethanol and Acetate

Cochrane, Vincent W. (Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.), Jean C. Cochrane, James M. Vogel, and Roswell S. Coles, Jr. Spore germination and carbon metabolism in Fusarium solani. IV. Metabolism of ethanol and acetate. J. Bacteriol. 86:312–319. 1963.—The aerobic metabolism of acetate and ethanol by ungerminated spores of Fusarium solani f. phaseoli was accompanied by oxidative assimilation, respectively, of 50 and 75% of the substrate carbon. Manometric and isotope distribution studies suggested terminal oxidation by way of the tricarboxylic acid and glyoxylate cycles. Provision of exogenous ammonium ion had no effect. The endogenous respiration of germinated spores was depressed by ethanol. Malonate and acetoin were oxidized in a way consistent with a pathway via acetate. Acetate oxidation was inhibited by cyanide, azide, 2,4-dinitrophenol, fluoroacetate, and other common inhibitors. Acetate was assimilated primarily into compounds extractible with hot water, of which mannitol was the major component, and was not appreciably incorporated into spore lipids. Ethanol, but not acetate, accelerated the oxidation of glucose by mechanisms not now understood.
Multi-level secure multicast: the rethinking of secure locks

In a secure multicast environment, the distribution of cryptographic keys may be a primary indicator of system performance. The mathematics of public key cryptography do not scale well especially for large multiuser networks, and a symmetric-key-based system is not feasible over a network spread out geographically. The problems become even more complicated when we begin dealing with multiple levels of security, i.e. different classification levels of traffic as well as group memberships/permissions. We present a new approach to multi-level secure multicast, one that uses the secure lock encryption scheme based on the mathematics of the Chinese Remainder Theorem to distribute keys to various subgroups. Our solution can be applied to both one-to-many and many-to-many group communications. In addition, it presents a viable solution for the distribution of one-time session keys during actual message transmission.
Automated encoding of clinical documents based on natural language processing.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a method based on natural language processing (NLP) that automatically maps an entire clinical document to codes with modifiers and to quantitatively evaluate the method. Methods: An existing NLP system, MedLEE, was adapted to automatically generate codes. The method involves matching of structured output generated by MedLEE consisting of findings and modifiers to obtain the most specific code. Recall and precision applied to Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) coding were evaluated in two separate studies. Recall was measured using a test set of 150 randomly selected sentences, which were processed using MedLEE. Results were compared with a reference standard determined manually by seven experts. Precision was measured using a second test set of 150 randomly selected sentences from which UMLS codes were automatically generated by the method and then validated by experts. Results: Recall of the system for UMLS coding of all terms was .77 (95% CI .72–.81), and for coding terms that had corresponding UMLS codes recall was .83 (.79–.87). Recall of the system for extracting all terms was .84 (.81–.88). Recall of the experts ranged from .69 to .91 for extracting terms. The precision of the system was .89 (.87–.91), and precision of the experts ranged from .61 to .91. Conclusion: Extraction of relevant clinical information and UMLS coding were accomplished using a method based on NLP. The method appeared to be comparable to or better than six experts. The advantage of the method is that it maps text to codes along with other related information, rendering the coded output suitable for effective retrieval.