cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis Preferentially Respond to Bottom Rather than Side Stimuli When Not Allowed Adjacent to Tank Walls

Cuttlefish are cephalopods capable of rapid camouflage responses to visual stimuli. However, it is not always clear to what these animals are responding. Previous studies have found cuttlefish to be more responsive to lateral stimuli rather than substrate. However, in previous works, the cuttlefish were allowed to settle next to the lateral stimuli. In this study, we examine whether juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) respond more strongly to visual stimuli seen on the sides versus the bottom of an experimental aquarium, specifically when the animals are not allowed to be adjacent to the tank walls. We used the Sub Sea Holodeck, a novel aquarium that employs plasma display screens to create a variety of artificial visual environments without disturbing the animals. Once the cuttlefish were acclimated, we compared the variability of camouflage patterns that were elicited from displaying various stimuli on the bottom versus the sides of the Holodeck. To characterize the camouflage patterns, we classified them in terms of uniform, disruptive, and mottled patterning. The elicited camouflage patterns from different bottom stimuli were more variable than those elicited by different side stimuli, suggesting that S. officinalis responds more strongly to the patterns displayed on the bottom than the sides of the tank. We argue that the cuttlefish pay more attention to the bottom of the Holodeck because it is closer and thus more relevant for camouflage.
Borrowing High versus Borrowing Higher: Price Dispersion and Shopping Behavior in the U.S. Credit Card Market

We document substantial cross-individual dispersion in U.S. credit card borrowing costs, even after controlling for borrower risk and card characteristics. That remaining dispersion arises because cross-lender pricing heterogeneity generates dispersion in annual percentage rate (APR) offers to borrowers, and borrowers vary in shopping intensity. Our empirics match administrative data to self-reported card shopping intensity and use instruments suggested by fair lending law to account for the endogeneity between APRs and search. The results show that shoppers versus nonshoppers pay APRs as different as those paid by borrowers in the best versus worst credit score deciles. We discuss implications for policy and practice.
The Role of Presumed Influence and Emotions on Audience Evaluation of the Credibility of Media Content and Behavioural Tendencies

We propose that emotional responses to a media stimulus (e.g., a news article), in addition to presumed influence, can help explain one’s evaluation of the media stimulus. Our model was evaluated u...
Heterothallism in Ceratostomella Multiannulata

A number of workers have reported a variety of reactions in attempts to determine sexual processes in species of Ceratostomella as was pointed out by Leach' in 1934. At the suggestion of Andrus, a similar study was made to determine whether C. multiannulata Hedgc. and Davidson was heterothallic. This study was referred to by Andrus in 1936 but was never published in detail. The results which were from single-ascospore and single-conidium cultures may be of interest to other workers and are recorded here. Nine single-conidium cultures of C. multiannulata were secured from a perithecium-producing colony. None of these cultures produced fertile perithecia, but upon making all possible crosses with them, one of them formed perithecia when crossed with each of the other eight. Eight single-ascospore cultures were then obtained, none of which formed fertile perithecia. Four of these formed fertile perithecia when crossed with any one of the other four. The results of all possible crosses of these single-ascospore and single-conidium cultures are shown in Table 1. These results show that C. multiannulata is heterothallic with two sex
Suburbs and Politics in America

When we talk of suburbia we talk of many things, because an increasingly larger proportion of the diverse American people live there. By 1970, over a third of us lived in these places, and by 1985, by one estimate, more will live there than populated the entire nation in 1920. In such locales there is all the richness of people that one could want. I know of suburbs founded as investments by the Mafia and others which the Mafia use as respectable retreats. Some are largely black even though blacks have remained a constant 5% of all suburbanites since 1900.1 Some suburbs are filled with workingclass "Mexican-Americans" while in others are clustered bourgeois "Spanish-Americans." An increasing number are slums, or "slurbs," badly in need of redevelopment; yet others are enclaves of the wealthy and well-born. However, my task is not to detail that variety of suburbia, which has been done elsewhere,2 but to raise certain questions about its politics in the national political system. Thus, is there a suburban politics distinct from the politics of other locales? Whether distinct or not, what are the prime qualities of a suburban politics? How does it relate to the system constraints imposed by state and local regime norms and by contemporary forces? How does it relate to the system constraint of the national political system? And finally, how does the evidence of suburban politics relate to the basic political values inbued in our system? The answers given to these questions will draw upon several sources,3 as well as some conceptualizations working their way out in my thinking.
Impact on ED Utilization and Associated Costs of Abortive Seizure Medications Using an Accountable Care Organization Database

Intranasal (IN) midazolam and per rectum (PR) diazepam abort seizures in the outpatient setting. IN midazolam is easier to use, has fewer side effects, and is more cost-effective than PR diazepam. The aim of this study is to determine if outpatient IN midazolam impacts emergency department (ED) utilization and health care costs compared with PR diazepam by utilizing a claims database. We retrospectively reviewed 5 years of data for 929 patients extracted from a claims database of an accountable care organization, Partners for Kids, whose population covers central and southeastern Ohio. Data elements consisted of demographics, ED visits, health care costs, and number of prescriptions. We found that using IN midazolam was not associated with increased ED utilization or increased health care costs. PR diazepam was associated with higher prescription costs. These findings support previous studies and show that both IN midazolam and PR diazepam are viable treatment options for patients at risk for prolonged seizures, but that IN midazolam is more cost-effective.
In the Cave of the Gnome: Hartley Coleridge

Coleridge’s older son David Hartley Coleridge (1796–1849) was a model for how a child becomes a whole person or fails to become one. Born while Coleridge was in the full flush of his interest in Hartleyan associationism, the boy contributes by his own recalcitrance to the overthrow of this philosophy. While Coleridge learned that a good environment does not necessarily turn a child into a stable adult, he did not notice until it was too late that many of his own actions and the atmosphere that those actions created did in fact influence the boy’s later failure, and that even more influential in forming his son’s nature were the words he uttered about him. The insight of the poet and the foresight of the prophet conspired to predict the boy’s future failure, even while the boy, hearing the words, fatalistically watched the failure approaching.
The Epidemiology of Pain and Opioid Abuse

The interconnected nature of the analgesic and pleasurable effects of opioid drugs has made their use and abuse a significant public health concern. Due to the possibility of opioid abuse resulting from medical treatment, there has been significant effort to determine the comorbidity of chronic pain conditions and opioid abuse. Previous efforts have been plagued by a lack of relevant data and poor methodological consistency across investigations. However, efforts to better define the behaviors involved in opioid misuse and abuse have led to more valid and reliable estimates. Rates of what are now defined as “aberrant opioid use behaviors” and “misuse” among pain patients range from 11.5 to 29.0 %. Rates of the more severe phenomenon of “abuse” and “addiction” range from 3.3 to 12.0 %. Clinicians are tasked with balancing adequate pain management using opioids with their risk of abuse. Continued research in the comorbidity of these two conditions will hopefully result in data that clinicians can use to circumvent the development of addiction.
The Exnovation of Chronic Care Management Processes by Physician Organizations

Policy Points The rate of adoption of chronic care management processes (CMPs) by physician organizations has been fairly slow in spite of demonstrated effectiveness of CMPs in improving outcomes of chronic care. Exnovation (ie, removal of innovations) by physician organizations largely explains the slow population-level increases in practice use of CMPs over time. Expanded health information technology functions may aid practices in retaining CMPs. Low provider reimbursement by Medicaid programs, however, may contribute to disinvestment in CMPs by physician organizations. Context Exnovation is the process of removal of innovations that are not effective in improving organizational performance, are too disruptive to routine operations, or do not fit well with the existing organizational strategy, incentives, structure, and/or culture. Exnovation may contribute to the low overall adoption of care management processes (CMPs) by US physician organizations over time. Methods Three national surveys of US physician organizations, which included common questions about organizational characteristics, use of CMPs, and health information technology (HIT) capabilities for practices of all sizes, and Truven Health Insurance Coverage Estimates were integrated to assess organizational and market influences on the exnovation of CMPs in a longitudinal cohort of 1,048 physician organizations. CMPs included 5 strategies for each of 4 chronic conditions (diabetes, asthma, congestive heart failure, and depression): registry use, nurse care management, patient reminders for preventive and care management services to prevent exacerbations of chronic illness, use of nonphysician clinicians to provide patient education, and quality of care feedback to physicians. Findings Over one-third (34.1%) of physician organizations exnovated CMPs on net. Quality of care data feedback to physicians and patient reminders for recommended preventive and chronic care were discontinued by over one-third of exnovators, while nurse care management and registries were largely retained. Greater proportions of baseline Medicaid practice revenue (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.44, p < 0.001) and increasing proportions of revenue from Medicaid (IRR = 1.02, p < 0.05) were associated with greater CMP exnovation by physician organizations on net. Practices with greater expansion of HIT functionality exnovated fewer CMPs (IRR = 0.91, p < 0.001) compared to practices with less expansion of HIT functionality. Conclusions Exnovation of CMPs is an important reason why the population-level adoption of CMPs by physician organizations has remained low. Expanded HIT functions and changes to Medicaid reimbursement and incentives may aid the retention of CMPs by physician organizations.
What Child is This? - A Rahnerian Interpretation of the Child in Lasallian Pedagogy

The child lies at the heart of the Christian educational vision of John Baptist De La Salle. Yet, what does not get sufficient critical attention is De La Salle’s operative anthropology about children in his writings, and the need for rethinking in light of recent scholarship on childhood, theology, and education. This paper contends that a Lasallian educational mission that takes seriously the contemporary concerns of social justice and children’s liberation requires a more expansive anthropology that reflects critically the complexity of meanings constructed around the identities of children and childhood experiences today. It explores how twentieth-century German theologian Karl Rahner’s theological conception of childhood as openness to mystery might be a productive key to conceptually unlock a more expansive anthropology that clarifies, balances, and deepens De La Salle’s understanding of the child, while renewing the integrity of his Christian educational vision for children in today’s world.
The Transition from Myth to Art from a Losevian Perspective: An Analysis of the Culladhanuggaha Jataka as Myth and Its Transition into Sri Lankan Folk and Classical Theatre

Based on an analysis of the Culladhanuggaha jataka and its Sri Lankan theatrical adaptations (the Maname Kolama and Ediriweera Sarachchandra's play Maname Niitakaya), the paper explores the relationship between myth and art. It uses Aleksei Fyodorovich Losev's theory of myth as the framework for the analysis of the Culladhanuggaha Jataka as myth and the changes that the story undergoes when it enters the realm of art. The paper argues that while the transference of the story from myth to art strips the story of much of its mythical character, the story even in its new context remains tied to the notion of myth in an important manner. The paper concludes with the argument that the theatrical pieces in question embody a broader consciousness defined by both the mythical consciousness and the poetic consciousness in the Losevian sense of the terms.
L2 Speaking Development During Study Abroad: Fluency, Accuracy, Complexity, and Underlying Cognitive Factors

We take a multidimensional perspective on the development of second language (L2) speaking ability and examine how changes in the underlying cognitive variables of linguistic knowledge and processing speed interact with complexity, fluency, and accuracy over the course of a 3-month Spanish study abroad session. Study abroad provides a unique learning context for evaluating changes in the under- lying dimensions of L2 speaking because learners are fully immersed in the target language and have ample opportunity to implement, practice, and integrate newly gained skills. Participants were 39 native English speakers acquiring Spanish in Argentina. Results show that participants experienced significant gains across complexity, fluency, and accuracy. However, these gains were not evenly distributed across all dimensions or across all learners. Learners with higher levels of L2 linguistic knowledge and faster L2 processing speed prior to study abroad experienced greater gains in accuracy and syntactic and lexical complexity during study abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Modal media: connecting media ecology and mobilities research

Following Emily Keightley and Anna Reading in their conceptualization of ‘mediated mobilities’, I illuminate useful connections between media ecology and mobilities research and make the case for a combined modal medium theory. Both fields align clearly in their interest in technology and technique, media and modes, and messages and moods. A fruitful starting point in the suggested transdisciplinary theoretical and methodological framework is the exploration of the specific medium along with its materialities. In the second step, different kinds of environments and possible choreographies the medium affords ask to be considered. In a broader conceptualization, the term ‘medium’ refers not only to technological entities but also to subjects (tourists), practices (dancing), and places (cities), which likewise prompt different messages and moods. Ideally, research occurs on a synchronous level by following the routes of media and modes across space, and on a diachronous level by exploring the roots of media ...
Neuropsychological and Cognitive Correlates of Recovery in Anorexia Nervosa

Objective To identify clinical or cognitive measures either predictive of illness trajectory or altered with sustained weight recovery in adult women with anorexia nervosa. Methods Participants were recruited from prior studies of women with anorexia nervosa (AN-C) and in weight-recovery following anorexia nervosa (AN-WR). Participants completed a neuropsychological battery at baseline and clinical assessments at both baseline and follow-up. Groups based on clinical outcome (continued eating disorder, AN-CC; newly in recovery, AN-CR; sustained weight-recovery, AN-WR) were compared by using one-way ANOVAs with Bonferroni-corrected post hoc comparisons. Results Women with continued eating disorder had poorer neuropsychological function and self-competence at baseline than AN-CR. AN-CR showed changes in depression and externalizing bias, a measure of self-related attributions. AN-WR differed from both AN-CC and AN-CR at baseline in externalizing bias, but only from AN-CC at outcome. Discussion Neuropsychological function when recently ill may be a prognostic factor, while externalizing bias may provide a clinical target for recovery. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Recurrent giant juvenile fibroadenoma

Abstract Breast masses in children, though rare, present a difficult clinical challenge as they can represent a wide variety of entities from benign fibroadenomas to phyllodes tumors. Rapidly growing or recurrent masses can be particularly concerning to patients, families and physicians alike. Clinical examination and conventional imaging modalities are not efficacious in distinguishing between different tumor types and surgical excision is often recommended for both final diagnosis and for treatment of large or rapidly growing masses. While surgical excision can result in significant long-term deformity of the breast there are some surgical techniques that can be used to limit deformity and/or aid in future reconstruction. Here we present a case of recurrent giant juvenile fibroadenoma with a review of the clinical presentation, diagnostic tools and treatment options.
The Effect of the 3-D Printing Process on the Mechanical Properties of Materials

Tensile tests were conducted following the ASTM Standard D3039 for different specimens produced using additive manufacturing. In the expansion of the 3D printing market, different methods of three-dimensional printing and materials have been developed. Different specimens ranging in materials and infill were printed with a consumer grade PLA FDM printer without heated bed, a consumer grade SLA printer, and an industrial manufacturing grade ABS FDM printer with heated bed. The specimens included Polylactic Acid (PLA), Tough PLA, Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), and black resin. The PLA and tough PLA specimens were printed at infill intervals of 20% and at 0/90 and ±45° with respect to the longitudinal axis. The ABS material was also printed at the same angles with respect to the longitudinal axis at solid (SO), sparse double density (DD), sparse high density (HD), and sparse low density (LO) infill values. The consumer grade SLA printer was used to print specimens using black resin and was divided into two sets. The first set includes specimens that were cured under an ultraviolet light while the second set contained those that were not cured after printing. The overall result showed that the infill and print orientation of ±45° performed better for the PLA and Tough PLA material. However, the orientation did not influence the ABS material which may have been the result of using an industrial grade 3D printer. In resins, the increase in resolution resulted in a higher ultimate stress while curing normalized the ductility of the material.
Large-Area Direct Hetero-Epitaxial Growth of 1550-nm InGaAsP Multi-Quantum-Well Structures on Patterned Exact-Oriented (001) Silicon Substrates by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

We employ a simple two-step growth technique to grow large-area 1550-nm laser structures by direct hetero-epitaxy of III–V compounds on patterned exact-oriented (001) silicon (Si) substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Densely-packed, highly uniform, flat and millimeter-long indium phosphide (InP) nanowires were grown from Si v-grooves separated by silicon dioxide (SiO2) stripes with various widths and pitches. Following removal of the SiO2 patterns, the InP nanowires were coalesced and, subsequently, 1550-nm laser structures were grown in a single overgrowth without performing any polishing for planarization. X-ray diffraction, photoluminescence, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses were used to characterize the epitaxial material. PIN diodes were fabricated and diode-rectifying behavior was observed.
Utility of Shear Wave Elastography for Assessing Allograft Fibrosis in Renal Transplant Recipients: A Pilot Study.

Objectives To evaluate the utility of ultrasound-based shear wave elastography (SWE) as a noninvasive method to accurately detect and potentially stage the severity of renal allograft fibrosis and assess its user reproducibility. Methods In this Institutional Review Board-approved, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective study, 70 renal transplant recipients underwent an SWE evaluation of their allograft followed directly by biopsy. Two radiologists performed separate SWE measurement acquisitions and the mean, median, and standard deviation of 10 SWE measurements, obtained separately within the cortex and the medulla, were automatically computed. Each patient's SWE results were subsequently compared to their histologic fibrosis scores. The Fisher exact test and univariate logistic regression models were fit to test for associations between the presence of fibrosis (yes/no) as well as categorical SWE results based on the fibrosis severity, ranging from F0 (no fibrosis) to F3 (severe fibrosis), correlating with histologic scores according to the 2007 Banff classification system. Interobserver and intraobserver correlations were also examined. Results Our median medulla SWE values reached statistical significance (P = .04) in association with fibrosis. Furthermore, for every unit increase in the median medulla SWE measurement, the odds of fibrosis increased by approximately 20%. No statistical significance was found for mean cortical, median cortical, or mean medullary SWE values (P = .32, .37, and .06, respectively) in association with fibrosis. Conclusions The use of SWE for assessing renal allograft fibrosis is challenging but promising. Further investigation with a larger sample size remains to validate our initial results and establish clinical relevance.
Addressing Jewish Alterity in the Literature of Anglo-Saxon England

Historical evidence suggests that Jews did not arrive in England until circa 1071, so most pedagogical discussions about Jews in early English society focus on texts produced by Anglo-Saxon Christians. The Jew was utilized by these authors both as a valorized, pious exemplar and as a demonized, elemental devil. To reconcile this contradiction in the college classroom, instructors must develop their students’ knowledge of the Anglo-Saxon period in conjunction with the ideation of Jewish alterity within it. Anglo-Saxon texts in translation—namely, Judith, Daniel, Exodus, Genesis A and B, and Elene—can be used to shape students’ foundational understanding of the Anglo-Saxon world and the Jews who inhabit its literary imagination.
Neurasthenia Revisited: On Medically Unexplained Syndromes and the Value of Hermeneutic Medicine

The rise of medically unexplained conditions like fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome in the United States looks remarkably similar to the explosion of neurasthenia diagnoses in the late nineteenth century. In this paper, I argue the historical connection between neurasthenia and today’s medically unexplained conditions hinges largely on the uncritical acceptance of naturalism in medicine. I show how this cultural acceptance shapes the way in which we interpret and make sense of nervous distress while, at the same time, neglecting the unique social and historical forces that continue to produce it. I draw on the methods of hermeneutic philosophy to expose the limits of naturalism and forward an account of health and illness that acknowledges the extent to which we are always embedded in contexts of meaning that determine how we experience and understand our suffering.
An Ideal Functional Equation with a Ring

There are many examples in mathematics and other sciences in which a single equation (or a relatively small system of equations) is capable of capturing the essence and complexity of an entire field. For example, the equation defining the zeroes of the Riemann zeta function plays a central role in analytic number theory and related fields. Even a partial understanding of the solutions to this equation would provide keys to the answers to many far-reaching questions that are currently in the research focus of the mathematical community. In a somewhat opposite direction, several outstanding results from the theory of elliptic curves and modular forms, crowning the efforts of several generations of mathematicians, were needed to tackle the single equation that is the subject of Fermat's Last Theorem. While the equation we present in this note does not live up to the high standards set by these two examples, it still has the same flavor a be proved by induction. The corresponding B n t dentity can be erived from sa e polynomial identity above as follows. Consider the numbers efined by 310 MATHEMATICS MAGAZINE
Macrophage Response to Zinc Oxide Nanorod Surfaces -Topography and Toxicity

Macrophages recruited to the site of biomaterial implantation are the primary mediators of the chronic foreign body response to implanted materials. Hence various approaches have been investigated to modulate macrophage interactions with biomaterial surfaces to mitigate the inflammatory response. The extent of the inflammatory response mounted by the body has been shown to be modulated by the implant material and its surface properties. Because of their unique surface properties, there is great interest in exploring nanostructured materials for potential biomedical applications. Nanotopography is known to modulate cell adhesion and viability depending on cell type. As macrophage adhesion to biomaterial surfaces is one of the first steps of the inflammatory response to a foreign body, a surface which inhibits macrophage adhesion and function may serve to modulate the foreign body response. ZnO is used in a number of biomedical applications such as glucose detection, wound healing and dental filling materials. We have evaluated macrophage adhesion and viability on ZnO nanorods as compared to a control sputtered ZnO flat substrates and reference glass surfaces. Macrophage adhesion and viability was reduced by 50 % on nanorods as compared to ZnO flat substrate and glass suggesting that this nanotopography is potentially useful for biomaterial surfaces. Macrophage viability decreased when ZnO nanorods [62%] and flat surfaces [45%] were present in the same media but not in cell contact, suggesting moderate levels of toxicity associated with ZnO due to dissolution in media. The decreased viability when macrophages were in contact compared to non-contact suggests that modulation of cell adhesion and viability on nanorods is dominantly due to topography rather than material toxicity. We therefore plan to further investigate these nanotopographies constructed from other materials which are not toxic to macrophages in order to explore macrophage-modulating surfaces for biomaterial applications.
Are You Attracted? Do You Intend to Pursue? A Recruiting Policy-Capturing Study

This study examines the relative importance of four factors: job factors of pay and promotion, and two organizational image factors: lay-off policy and ecological rating, on recruits' attraction or job pursuit. We identify that factors determining potential job recruits' attraction to an organization may not equate with the factors that prompt job pursuit intentions. Using a sample of business students and policy-capturing methodology, results show ecological rating most strongly predicted attractiveness, while pay most strongly predicted job pursuit intentions.
Patterns of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in hemophilia

Peptic ulcer has been reported to be the cause of bleeding in 53%-85% of hemophiliacs with gastrointestinal hemorrhage (GIH). The management of GIH in hemophiliacs during the past decade has been affected by the availability of plasma concentrates, an increasing occurrence of chronic liver disease, and widespread use of endoscopic procedures. To determine the present patterns of GIH, we reviewed our experience at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania during the last 10 yr. Twenty-five (10.3%) of 243 hemophiliacs experienced 41 episodes of GIH. The severity of hemophilia and a history of retroperitoneal hemorrhage were significant risk factors for GIH. Duodenal ulcer (22%), unknown site (22%), and gastritis (14%) were the three most common diagnoses. The use of fiberoptic endoscopy resulted in the recognition of diagnoses such as gastritis, esophagitis, Mallory--Weiss syndrome, and esophageal varices. Red cell transfusion requirements of hemophiliacs with GIH were no different than those of nonhemophiliacs with GIH (p greater than 0.05). The amount of factor VIII replacement used by hemophiliacs with GIH correlated with the severity of gastrointestinal bleeding (p less than 0.01), but not with the cause of gastrointestinal bleeding (p greater than 0.05). In conclusion, hemophiliacs develop GIH secondary to a variety of causes as do nonhemophiliacs. Fiberoptic endoscopy, after correction of factor VIII level to 0.40 U/ml, is a safe and valuable diagnostic procedure in hemophiliacs. The specific etiology of GIH in hemophiliacs should be aggressively sought and appropriate specific therapy provided.
Party system erosion: Evidence from Peru:

Weakly institutionalized party systems are a defining feature of third-wave democracies. Yet, in some countries like Peru, party weakness is not a static equilibrium but rather part of a dynamic pr...
The Effects of Asthma and Bullying on Suicidal Behaviors Among US Adolescents.

Background Positive associations between suicidal behaviors and asthma have been established in previous adolescent studies. Few studies consider social risk factors, such as bullying. This study involved an analysis of suicidal behaviors and asthma, but also includes an assessment of whether these relationships were modified by the co-occurrence of bullying. Methods Data included 13,154 participants from the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS), collected by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Logistic regression models were constructed and summarized using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Results When comparing adolescents with asthma who were bullied at school to those who were not bullied at school, the odds of contemplating suicide were increased by nearly 2-fold (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.5-2.3), and the odds of creating a suicide plan were 2.3 times higher (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.7-3.1). The odds of a suicide attempt and incurring an injury from a suicide attempt were also substantially increased. Similarly, increased odds of suicidal behaviors were observed for adolescents with asthma who were bullied electronically. Conclusion Having asthma and being bullied are both associated with increased odds of suicidal behaviors.
Regional Differences in Female Labor Force Participation in Japan

This paper investigates the determinants of Japanese regional differences in female labor force participation rates. There is little regional difference in the labor force participation rates of unmarried women. In contrast, for married females, regional disparities are noticeable. Japanese female labor force participation rates show an age-specific pattern, with a big fall in participation around childbearing ages of the thirties. However, this age-specific pattern is more pronounced in some regions than in others. This study examines the factors that affect labor force participation of married women of working ages 15–64, using regional panel data. From the empirical analysis, we learn that the proportion of nuclear families has a significant negative association with married female participation rates. We find a strong relationship between family status and the labor force participation rates of married women. These findings are of great relevance to the design of policies aimed at improving the balance between work and childcare for married women, especially in the urban areas where the proportion of married women living with parents is relatively low. This is because married women of nuclear families have greater difficulty allocating their time between paid work and household chores. Policies that would significantly increase Japan’s female labor force participation must focus on the married women of childraising ages specifically in urban areas.
Adaptive Wooden Architecture. Designing a Wood Composite with Shape-Memory Behavior

Wood is a sustainable and attractive material with a venerable history of use in architectural construction and carpentry. It also has a promising and innovative future in architecture and design. The aim of our research is to reintroduce wood as a responsive and transformable material for use in novel adaptive architectural design. By combining a refurbished technique of wood-cutting known as kerfing with the use of a shape-memory polymer resin, we have created wood-based surfaces that can turn into precise curvilinear forms without incurring damage, and then self-transform to their original shape in response to environmental stimuli. We developed a temperature-based responsive polymer and a flexible, diamond-shaped kerfing pattern in our prototype testing and were able to achieve the desired results. This method enabled us to design and control the material and its behavior by taking advantage of the micro-scale resin polymer’s effects, combined with wood’s specifically cut geometry. In addition to demonstrating the possibilities of shape memory behavior for wood-based architecture, this prototype offers a practical technique that can be used by designers to create flexible and inexpensive wood-based fabrications on the required scale with compact storage and transportation alignments.
On Data-Driven Computation of Information Transfer for Causal Inference in Discrete-Time Dynamical Systems

In this paper, we provide a novel approach to capture causal interaction in a dynamical system from time series data. In Sinha and Vaidya (in: IEEE conference on decision and control, pp 7329–7334, 2016), we have shown that the existing measures of information transfer, namely directed information, Granger causality and transfer entropy, fail to capture the causal interaction in a dynamical system and proposed a new definition of information transfer that captures direct causal interactions. The novelty of the information transfer definition used in this paper is the fact that it can differentiate between direct and indirect influences Sinha and Vaidya (2016). The main contribution of this paper is to show that the proposed definition of information transfers in Sinha and Vaidya (2016) and Sinha and Vaidya (in: Indian control conference, pp 303–308, 2017) can be computed from time series data, and thus, the direct influences in a dynamical system can be identified from time series data. We use transfer operator theoretic framework, involving Perron–Frobenius and Koopman operators for the data-driven approximation of the system dynamics and computation of information transfer. Several examples, involving linear and nonlinear system dynamics, are presented to verify the efficiency of the developed algorithm.
Murine polyomavirus DNA transitions through spatially distinct nuclear replication subdomains during infection

The replication of small DNA viruses requires both host DNA replication and repair factors that are often recruited to subnuclear domains termed viral replication centers (VRCs). Aside from serving as a spatial focus for viral replication, little is known about these dynamic areas in the nucleus. We investigated the organization and function of VRCs during murine polyomavirus (MuPyV) infection using 3D structured illumination microscopy (3D-SIM). We localized MuPyV replication center components, such as the viral large T-antigen (LT) and the cellular replication protein A (RPA), to spatially distinct subdomains within VRCs. We found that viral DNA (vDNA) trafficked sequentially through these subdomains post-synthesis, suggesting their distinct functional roles in vDNA processing. Additionally, we observed disruption of VRC organization and vDNA trafficking during mutant MuPyV infections or inhibition of DNA synthesis. These results reveal a dynamic organization of VRC components that coordinates virus replication.
Targeted Delivery of Doxorubicin Liposomes for Her-2+ Breast Cancer Treatment

The adverse side effects and toxicity caused by the non-targeted delivery of doxorubicin has emphasized the demand of emerging a targeted delivery system. The goal of this study is to enhance the delivery of doxorubicin by formulating an aptamer-labeled liposomal nanoparticle delivery system that will carry and deliver doxorubicin specifically into Her-2+ breast cancer cells. Twelve liposomal batches were prepared using different saturated (HSPC and DPPC) and unsaturated (POPC and DOPC) lipids by thin film hydration. The liposomes were characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, and drug encapsulation efficiency. The particles were also assessed for in vitro toxicity and DOX delivery into the breast cancer cells. The formulations, F1 through F12, had a small particle size of less than 200 nm and a high entrapment efficiency of about 88 ± 5%. The best formulation, F5, had a particle size of 101 ± 14nm, zeta potential of + 5.63 ± 0.46 mV, and entrapment efficiency of ≈ 93%. The cytotoxicity studies show that the DOX-loaded liposomal formulations are more effective in killing cancer cells than the free DOX in both MCF-7 and SKBR-3 cells. The uptake studies show a significant increase in the uptake of the aptamer-labeled liposomes (i.e., F5) by more than 60% into Her-2+ MCF-7 and SKBR-3 breast cancer cells compare to non-aptamer-labeled nanoparticles. F5 also shows ≈ 1.79-fold increase in uptake of DOX in the Her-2+ cells compared to the Her-2- cells. This preliminary study indicates that aptamer-labeled F5 nanoparticles among several batches showed the highest uptake as well as the targeted delivery of doxorubicin into Her-2+ breast cancer cells. Thus, aptamer targeted approach results in substantial reduction in the dose of DOX and improves the therapeutic benefits by promoting the target specificity.
Advancing sales theory through a holistic view: how social structures frame selling

Sales research is increasingly recognizing the blending of salesperson responsibilities, the growing number of interactions involved in sales processes and activities, and the nonlinear nature of v...
A protease-initiated model of wound detection

Wounds trigger surrounding cells to initiate repair, but it is unclear how cells detect wounds. The first known wound response of epithelial cells is a dramatic increase in cytosolic calcium, which occurs within seconds, but it is not known what initiates this calcium response. Specifically, is there an instructive signal detected by cells surrounding wounds? Here we identify a signal transduction pathway in epithelial cells initiated by the G-protein coupled receptor Methuselah-like 10 (Mthl10) activated around wounds by its cytokine ligands, Growth-blocking peptides (Gbps). Gbps are present in unwounded tissue in latent form, requiring proteolytic activation for signaling. Multiple protease families can activate Gbps, suggesting it acts as a detector to signal the presence of several proteases. We present experimental and computational evidence that proteases released during cell lysis serve as the instructive signal from wounds, liberating Gbp ligands to diffuse to the Mthl10 receptors on epithelial cells and activate downstream release of calcium. Thus, the presence of a nearby wound is signaled by the activation of a Gbp protease detector, sensitive to multiple proteases released after cellular damage.
On the Margins: Noncitizens Caught in Countries Experiencing Violence, Conflict and Disaster

Today, perhaps more than ever, humanitarian crises permeate the lives of millions, triggering increased human movement and repeatedly testing the international community’s capacity to respond. Stakeholders within the international community have recognized that existing legal and institutional frameworks for protecting forced migrants are inadequate to address the diversity of movements and needs. This article examines the situation of noncitizens who are caught in violence, conflict, and disaster, and asserts that they are an at-risk population requiring tailored responses.
Carryover effects minimized the positive effects of treated wastewater on anuran development.

Abstract Constructed wetlands (CWs) are a potential solution for wastewater treatment due to their capacity to support native species and provide tertiary wastewater treatment. However, CWs can expose wildlife communities to excess nutrients and harmful contaminants, affecting their development, morphology, and behavior. To examine how wastewater CWs may affect wildlife, we raised Southern leopard frogs, Lithobates sphenocephalus, in wastewater from conventional secondary lagoon and tertiary CW treatments for comparison with pondwater along with the presence and absence of a common plant invader to these systems – common duckweed (Lemna minor) - and monitored their juvenile development for potential carryover effects into the terrestrial environment. The tertiary CW treatment did not change demographic or morphological outcomes relative to conventional wastewater treatment in our study. Individuals emerging from both wastewater treatments demonstrated lower terrestrial survival rates than those emerging from pondwater throughout the experiment though experiment-wide survival rates were equivalent among treatments. Individuals from wastewater treatments transformed at larger sizes relative to those in pondwater, but this advantage was minimized in the terrestrial environment. Individuals that developed with duckweed had consistent but marginally better performance in both environments. Our results suggest a potential trade-off between short-term benefits of development in treated effluent and long-term consequences on overall fitness. Overall, we demonstrate that CWs for the purpose of wastewater treatment may not be suitable replicates for wildlife habitat and could have consequences for local population dynamics.
Wired to the World: History Makers

History Makers is the largest video oral history collection of African-American individuals on the web.
Choice With(out) Equity? Family Decisions of Child Return to Urban Schools in Pandemic

In response to the COVID-19 global pandemic, most schools across the country closed in-person instruction for a period of time and many shifted to online schooling. Beginning in fall 2020, schools around the United States began reopening and many districts offered families a decision or “choice” to return their children to an in-person or online schooling experience. In many cities, this approach complicated existing school choice and permanent closure policies with already existing equity issues. Building upon previous scholarship on school choice and closure, this study draws on the concept of school choice with(out) equity (Frankenberg et al., 2010; Scott & Stuart Wells, 2013; Horsford et al., 2019). Using data from an online survey (n = 155 participants) in August 2020, this study examines why families (50% white, 50% people of color) decided to return their children to in-person schooling in Hartford, Connecticut. This study uses a mixed-method analysis of qualitative responses and quantitative data to understand family decisions to return to in-person schooling (Creswell, 2014). Rather than school choices with full equity considerations during the pandemic, these family responses focused on needs of childcare for full-time work and health safety. These responses suggest a partial equity in the landscape of available choices. The study raises questions about reapplying old forms of school choice to a new form of temporary school closure during pandemic.
Estimation of Hansen solubility parameters with regularized regression for biomass conversion products: An application of adaptable group contribution

Abstract Biomass conversion technologies yield unique products for which laboratory characterization of structure and properties is an ongoing challenge. In this study, Hansen solubility parameters are estimated using regularized regression as a platform for adaptable group contribution. A training set of small molecules and a set of biomass conversion molecules are parameterized using simple contributing groups. Regularized regression is then applied as a tool to reduce model complexity. This allows for flexible development of contributing groups, which are then down-selected to those which are most important, while avoiding overfitting. The model is built upon experimental data and uses only python and its science/data analysis libraries. The model also shows good agreement with other published work designed for “pencil and paper” estimation of solubility parameters. The combination of regularized regression with adaptable group contribution has potential for applications in prediction of other molecular properties for which group contribution methods are commonly employed.
Four Technologic Applications of Medical Informatics to Radiology

While this excellent conference has been concerned with the application of computers to informatics and medical informatics in particular, the subjects discussed so far have been concerned largely with theoretical considerations of the content of information. In the field of radiology, which is a branch of medicine dealing very largely with images, one is confronted with not only optimum speed and quality presentation of image information, but also with the problem of determining whether one kind of image contains more information than another, and also with the problem of how best to extract information from an image which is of ultimate value to the patient and to the physician. Perhaps the most stunning recent advance in imaging, the CAT scanner, combines radiological physics and imaging, computer technology, image reconstruction algorithms, and image display systems to provide images which offer the interpreter the greatest accuracy that is known to date.
Reducing contraband in a psychiatric hospital through the use of a metal detector

A private, free-standing, nonprofit psychiatric hospital installed a metal detector and a screening procedure to prevent weapons and other proscribed items from being carried into the hospital by visitors. A wide variety of metal objects was discovered, including knives, ammunition, and hand tools. Visitors did not object to the procedure. As an unexpected benefit of the screening, unauthorized smoking in the hospital decreased.
The Effect of Dietary Protein on the Biological Activity of Cholecalciferol and Its Metabolites in the Rachitic Rat

Rats maintained on low-protein rachitogenic diets show increased intestinal calcium transport, serum inorganic phosphate and increased endochondral calcification responses to calciferol, 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OH-CC) and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2CC). Because enhanced responses are observed with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol as well as its precursors, it is unlikely that the effect of dietary protein is mediated by a change in the calciferol-25-hydroxylase and the 25-hydroxycholecalciferol-1 alpha-hydroxylase. Instead, it appears that either metabolism of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or its activity in the target organs is affected.