cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vitamin A deficiency does not influence longitudinal growth in mice.

Abstract Objective Growth hormone (GH) stimulates longitudinal growth, directly and indirectly, through the mediation of circulating and locally produced insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). The exact role of individual vitamins in modulating GH secretion or action, and somatic growth in general, is still not completely understood. It has been suggested that vitamin A (VA) and its physiologic active metabolite retinoic acid influence longitudinal growth by promoting the differentiation of pituitary cells toward GH-secreting cells and by stimulating secretion of GH. Accordingly, epidemiologic studies have shown that short children have lower VA intake than do children with normal stature. Methods To determine whether VA deficiency causes impairment of GH secretion, we have investigated the effect of a severely VA-deficient diet on growth in mice. Ten male mice born from mothers fed with VA-deficient diet since conception were maintained on a VA-deficient diet until the end of week 8 of life. Ten male mice born from mothers fed with a VA-sufficient diet and receiving a normal diet after weaning served as the control group. At the end of the study, we measured animals’ weight and length, body composition, tibia and femur lengths, liver retinol and retinyl esters storages, serum IGF-1, serum thyroxine, serum GH, and pituitary GH mRNA levels. Results Despite evidence of significant VA deficiency, we observed no effect on longitudinal growth or changes in pituitary GH mRNA, serum thyroxine, serum GH, or serum IGF-1 levels. Conclusion VA deficiency does not negatively affect longitudinal growth and pituitary GH content and action in mice.
Myelin Loss Does Not Lead to Axonal Degeneration in a Long-Lived Model of Chronic Demyelination

Current dogma suggests that chronically demyelinated axons are at risk for degeneration, with axonal loss resulting in permanent disability in myelin disease. However, the trophic role of the myelin sheath in long-term axonal survival is incompletely understood. Previous observations of the effect of dysmyelination or demyelination on axonal survival in the myelin mutants has been limited because of their short life span. In this study, we used the Long-Evans shaker (les) rat, which can live up to 9 months, to study axonal health and survival after chronic demyelination. At 2 weeks, ∼29% of medium and ∼47% of large fiber axons are myelinated in les spinal cord. However, by 3 months, no medium and ∼<1% of large-diameter axons retain myelin. After demyelination, axons have a reduced-caliber, abnormal neurofilament distribution and an increase in mitochondrial number. However, there are no signs of axonal degeneration in les rats up to 9 months. Instead, there is a profound increase in oligodendrocytes, which were found to express BDNF, NT-3, and IGF-1. Importantly, this study provides in vivo evidence that mature glial cells produce various neurotrophic factors that may aid in the survival of axons after chronic demyelination.
Personality functioning in normal weight bulimia

This study examined the personality organization and functioning of 57 normal weight bulimic women as assessed by the Rorschach and compared their performance to that of comparable groups of nonpatient and outpatient depressed women. In contrast to nonpatients, the bulimic and depressed groups were similar in their overall level of dysphoric affect, emotional lability and impulsivity, avoidance of affective stimulation, state of emotional overload, relatively poor perceptual accuracy, lower interest in other people, and lack of set coping style. The bulimic group, however, displayed greater egocentricity, narcissism, anger, and negativity and was more underincorporative than the depressed, who were more introspective but also more arbitrary in their perceptions than the bulimics.
Order within order: Studies of semifluorinated block copolymers

Several new semifluorinated compounds and polymers modified with these groups were synthesized and investigated. The polymer supports for these mesomorphic groups were styrene-diene block copolymers in which the semifluorinated groups were attached to a hydroxy-modified diene block. The characteristics of the smectic phase formed and its effect on the self-ordering behavior of the block copolymers were examined.
Economic Analysis and Management Strategy: A Survey Continued

I present an integrated survey of management strategy, which examines organizational design, competitive strategy, and public policy considerations. In addition, 1 offer suggestions on how economic analysis can be applied in unifying and developing management strategy as a field of study.
The odontological identification of Adolf Hitler. Definitive documentation by x-rays, interrogations and autopsy findings.

A definitive odontological identification of Hitler has been based on several sources of documentary evidence: (1) complete testimonies recorded by American intelligence officers during the 1945 interrogations of Hitler's dentist and physicians; (2) attached to one of the above mentioned reports five head X-ray plates taken in 1944 following an assassination attempt and revealing several very characteristic dental conditions, including (a) a maxillary left central incisor with a radiopaque (metallic) restoration and with a radiolucent zone typical of a so-called »Window Crown», (b) a special dental bridge construction in the right mandibular area, in which a radiopaque (metallic) restoration on the right canine is connected by means of a metallic lingual bar to the second premolar with a cantilever extension to replace the first molar, and (c) periodontal bone breakdown around the mandibular incisor roots; (3) the above observations were compared with the various dental features depicted in the Russian au...
The influence of ion beam mixed NiAl surface layers on fatigue in polycrystalline nickel

In the present study, the effect of an ion beam modified surface layer on fatigue crack initiation phenomena and cyclic plasticity is examined using pure polycrystalline nickel samples which have been implanted with aluminium using ion beam mixing. The results described here show that an ion beam mixed surface layer increases the saturation stress and tends to suppress the emergence of PSB's at the free surface of nickel samples cycled under plastic strain control. These effects are seen to be strongest for strain amplitudes in which PSB's are known to carry the bulk of the plastic strain during cycling.
CRT-823 Transcatheter Extra-Cardiac Tricuspid Annuloplasty

We designed and built a device that is positioned along the atrioventricular groove in the pericardial space and tightened to modify the geometry of the tricuspid annulus to treat functional tricuspid regurgitation. The device is delivered to the pericardial space from within via trans-atrial
Malignant primary cardiac tumors: review of a single institution experience.

BACKGROUND. Primary cardiac sarcomas are uncommon. The authors undertook to review the Mayo Clinic's experience with primary cardiac sarcomas consisting of 34 patients seen over a 32-year period. METHODS. The patient database at the Mayo Clinic was searched to identify patients with malignant tumors of the heart seen during the 32-year period between 1975 and 2007. Thirty-four patients with primary cardiac sarcomas were identified and their medical records reviewed for details pertaining to presenting symptoms, staging modalities, treatment approaches, and outcomes. RESULTS. Of the 34 patients, 17 were men and 17 were women. The median age was 44 years. The mean duration of symptoms at the time of diagnosis was 3.6 months. The most common histologic type was angiosarcoma (41%). The median follow-up for the entire group was 12 months (range, 0-61 months). The median survival for those who underwent a complete surgical excision was 17 months compared with 6 months for those in whom a surgical complete remission could not be achieved (P = .01). Patients with angiosarcoma had a lower survival compared with patients with other histologies (5 months vs 17 months; P = .01). The median survival of patients with metastatic disease was 5 months versus 15 months in patients without metastatic disease (P = .03 by the log-rank test). CONCLUSIONS. Cardiac sarcomas remain a rare but lethal disease. Compared with extracardiac sarcomas, the prognosis for patients with cardiac sarcomas remains very poor. A complete surgical excision should be performed if possible. Innovative treatment strategies are required. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Improving the Performance of a Thermal Compressor in a Steam Evaporator via CFD Analysis

Ejectors have been widely used in many applications such as water desalination, steam turbine power generation, refrigeration systems, and chemical plants. The advantage of an ejector system lies in its extremely reliable and stable operation due to the complete absence of moving parts. However, the performance depends on a number of factors, among which the flow channel configuration/arrangement is very critical. A comprehensive study mainly focusing on the sensitivity of performance on the geometric arrangement was conducted in this paper to improve an existing thermal compressor performance in a steam evaporator. The performance is measured by the suction (secondary) flow rate of the primary steam jet from a low-pressure vapor plenum. Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the thermalflow behavior. It is observed that any downstream resistance will seriously impede the suction flow rate. In addition, the suction rate is found to be sensitive to the location of the jet exit, and there is an optimum location where the jet should be issued. A well-contoured diffuser can increase the suction rate significantly. However, the size of suction opening to the plenum is less important, and a contoured annular passage to guide the entrained flow shows little effect on the overall performance. Based on the numerical results the steam suction rate of the best case in the confinement of the current study is approximately 430% the jet flow rate, while some cases with mediocre design can only produce an entrainment of 24% the jet flow.
Initial data for high power radial acceletron HPM source

Summary form only given. The radial acceletron is a new type of coaxially symmetric, high power microwave source using electron transit time effects to generate and sustain RF oscillations in the resonant cavity. The coaxial symmetry, low impedance, lack of external magnetic fields, and expected strong electron bunching result in a compact device with light weight and good power efficiency. Conceptual devices were designed using numerical simulation at the Air Force Research Laboratory (Phillips Site). A prototype device has been constructed; initial experimental data is here compared with numerical simulations conducted using the PIC codes MAGIC and XOOPIC.
Scaling of the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation to enhance stability of the Schur solution method

A simple scaling procedure for discrete-time Riccati equations is introduced. This procedure eliminates instabilities which can be associated with the linear equation solution step of the generalized Schur method without changing the condition of the underlying problem. A computable bound for the relative error of the solution of the Riccati equation is also derived. >
A quantified fidelity criterion for parameter-embedded watermarking of audio archives

A novel algorithm for speech watermarking through parametric modelling is enhanced by inclusion of a quantified fidelity criterion. Watermarking is effected through solution of a set-membership filtering (SMF) problem, subject to an l/sub /spl infin// fidelity criterion in the signal space. The SMF approach provides flexibility in obtaining watermark solutions that trade-off watermark robustness and stegosignal fidelity.
Time and frequency domain memory channel characterization and correlation methodology

First, this paper discusses a robust and efficient de- embedding technique that can be used for TDR-PNA- simulation correlation in time or frequency domain. Employing the de-embedding technique, TDR-PNA was shown to correlate very well with 2 mV resolution in time- domain, when TDR repeatability is 2 mV. Next, a systematic analysis of memory channel TDR-simulation correlation was detailed. Time domain correlation served as an efficient and straightforward way of capturing impedance discontinuities and crosstalk level. Finally, some design, modeling, and measurement guidelines for platform memory interconnect development were recommended.
Testing an 'aging gene' in long-lived drosophila strains: increased longevity depends on sex and genetic background

Summary Molecular advances of the past decade have led to the discovery of a myriad of ‘aging genes’ ( methuselah , Indy , InR , Chico , superoxide dismutase ) that extend Drosophila lifespan by up to 85%. Despite this life extension, these mutants are no longer lived than at least some recently wildcaught strains. Typically, long-lived mutants are identified in relatively short-lived genetic backgrounds, and their effects are rarely tested in genetic backgrounds other than the one in which they were isolated or derived. However, the mutant’s high-longevity phenotype may be dependent on interactions with alleles that are common in short-lived laboratory strains. Here we set out to determine whether one particular mutant could extend lifespan in long-lived genetic backgrounds in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster . We measured longevity and resistance to thermal stress in flies that were transgenically altered to overexpress human superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) in the motorneurones in each of 10 genotypes. Each genotype carried the genetic background from a different naturally long-lived wild-caught Drosophila strain. While SOD increased lifespan on average, the effect was genotypeand sex-specific. Our results indicate that naturally segregating genes interact epistatically with the aging gene superoxide dismutase to modify its ability to extend longevity. This study points to the need to identify mutants that increase longevity not only in the lab strain of origin
Full inverse scattering vs. Born-like approximation for imaging in a stratified ocean

This Oceans 93 paper describes full nonlinear inversion that gives quantitative reconstructions of submerged and/or buried objects with the aid of a layered Greens function. The computational speed is preserved by use of Fast Fourier Transforms and stabilized biconjugate gradients, for both the homogeneous background and layered background case. >
The Role of Economic Factors on Women’s Risk for Intimate Partner Violence A Cross-National Comparison of Canada and the United States

National data from Canada and the United States are used to examine the connection between women's economic contributions to the family and their risk for physical and emotional abuse. Analyses show that American women are at a twofold greater risk; however, the relationship between economic variables and the risk of both physical violence and coercive control are more complex. Income serves to reduce the risk of both violence and coercive control for both Canadian and American women, whereas education serves as a clear protective factor for American women, but does not provide the same benefit for Canadian women.
Stereophonic spectrogram segmentation using Markov random fields

There is a good amount of similarity between source separation approaches that use spectrograms captured from multiple microphones and computer vision algorithms that use multiple images for segmentation problems. Just as one would use Markov random fields (MRF) to solve image segmentation problems, we propose a method of modeling source separation using MRFs, and then solving such problems via common MRF inference methods. To this end, as a preprocessing, we convert stereophonic spectrograms into a integrated form based on their inter-channel level differences (ILD), which is a procedure analogous to getting a disparity map from stereo images for matching problems. Given the ILD matrix as an observed image, we estimate latent labels which stand for the responsibility of each spectrogram's time/frequency bin to a specific sound source. It is shown that the proposed method shows reasonable separation performance in a variety of mixing environments including online separation and moving sources. We expect this new way of formulating source separation problems to help exploit advantages of probabilistic graphical models and the recent advances in low-power, high-performance hardware suited for such tasks.
Maximum lifetime continuous query processing in wireless sensor networks

Monitoring applications emerge as one of the most important applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Such applications typically have long-running complex queries that are continuously evaluated over the sensor measurement streams. Due to the limited energy of the sensors in WSNs, energy efficient query evaluation is critical to prolong the system lifetime - the earliest time that the network can not perform its intended task anymore. We model complex queries by expression trees and consider the problem of maximizing the lifetime of a wireless sensor network for the continuous in-network evaluation of an expression trees T, so the value of its root is available at the base station. In-network evaluation means that the evaluation of the operators of T may be pushed to the network nodes, and continuous means the repeated evaluation of T (once at each round). Continuous in-network evaluation of T entails addressing the following two coupled aspects of the problem: (a) the placement of the operators, variables, and constants of T to network nodes and (b) the routing of their values to the appropriate network nodes that needed them to evaluate the operators. We analyze the complexity and provide a simple and effective algorithm for the placement of the nodes of T onto the sensor nodes of a WSN. Our algorithm of operator placement attempts to minimize the total amount of data that need to be communicated. A placement of T induces a certain Maximum Lifetime Concurrent Flow (mlcf) problem. We provide an efficient algorithm that finds near-optimal integral solutions to the mlcf problem, where a solution is a collection of paths on which certain amount of integral flow is routed. Our approach to the continuous in-network evaluation of T consists of utilizing both our placement and routing algorithms above. We demonstrate experimentally that our approach consistently and effectively find the maximum lifetime solutions for the continuous in-network evaluation of expression trees in wireless sensor networks.
Input Impedance Modeling of Line-Frequency Rectifiers by the Method of Impedance Mapping

This paper presents a systematic method for modeling small-signal input impedance of line-frequency AC-DC converters. The objective is to develop proper models that can be used for stability analysis of AC power systems with significant DC loads powered by such converters. The proposed modeling method uses harmonic linearization and Fourier analysis techniques to describe the current and voltage mapping process through the converter switching circuit. The voltage and current mapping relations are then combined to give an impedance mapping model which converts the impedance of any circuit or system connected to the DC output of converter into a corresponding small-signal input impedance of the converter at the AC side. Similar relations can be used to map the AC source impedance into the DC side to give the equivalent DC source impedance for stability analysis of the DC subsystem. This paper focuses on the basic principle of the impedance mapping method and uses a single-phase diode rectifier circuit to demonstrate the modeling process. The resulting AC input impedance model is validated by detailed circuit simulation as well as experimental measurements
Drinking Wastewater Public Trust in Potable Reuse

In the coming decades, highly treated wastewater, known as reclaimed water, is slated to be a major element of municipal water supplies. In particular, planners propose supplementing drinking water with reclaimed water as a sustainable solution to the growing challenge of urban water scarcity. Public opposition is currently considered the primary barrier to implementing successful potable water reuse projects; nonetheless, public responses to reclaimed water are not well understood. Based on a survey of over 250 residents of Tucson, Arizona, this article assesses the relationship between trust in the professional institutions responsible for municipal water development and willingness to drink reclaimed water. Results demonstrate that public acceptance of potable reuse is contingent on trust in the authorities who influence design of sociotechnical systems for water supply and reuse—including water and wastewater utilities, regulators, consultants, academics, and elected local officials. Findings
Judging Advertising Creativity Using the Creative Product Semantic Scale

The Creative Product Semantic Scale has been used to judge tangible creative products such as crafts, and intangibles such as the ideas produced by problem solving groups. In this study it was used to judge the creativity of 15 print advertisements, using samples representing college students, advertising professionals, and the general public. The study explored the differences and similarities of responses. There were no significant differences in the judgments of the three groups regarding the originality and logic of the ads. With regard to how well crafted or well executed the ads were, however, the judgments of advertising professionals differed from those of students and the public.
The Long and Short of the Prolactin Receptor: The Corpus Luteum Needs Them Both!

In this issue of Biology of Reproduction, Le et al. examine the role of the long form of the prolactin receptor in ovarian function by developing mice expressing only this isoform of the receptor either ubiquitously or specifically in the corpus luteum.
Kinetically driven instabilities and selectivities in methane oxidation

Ignitions, extinctions, and Hopf bifurcations in methane oxidation were studied as a function of pressure and inlet fuel composition. A continuous stirred-tank reactor was modeled with numerical bifurcation techniques, using the 177 reaction/31 species mechanism. Sensitivity and reaction pathway analyses were performed at turning points to identify the most important reactions and reactive species. Then, simulations were compared with experimental data. Multiple ignitions and extinctions as well as oscillations that are purely kinetically driven were found. Ignition to a partially ignited state with considerable reactivity of methane indicates possible narrow operation windows with high selectivities to partial oxidation products. At 0.1 atm, we found a selectivity of up to 80% to CO at 70% CH4 conversion. The ignition to a fully ignited branch is associated with high selectivity to CO2 and H2O. The C2 chemistry inhibits the ignition of methane to the partially ignited branch. The methane ignition temperature exhibits two branches with respect to pressure, with only the low-pressure branch being dominant. Reaction path analysis at ignition conditions shows that the preferred pathway of CH4 oxidation is to form CO and CO2 through CH2O and CH2(s) intermediates. However, at intermediate to high pressures, the recombination of CH3 to C2 H6 also becomes quite significant.
17β-Estradiol inhibits keratinocyte-derived chemokine production following trauma-hemorrhage

Neutrophil infiltration is a key step in the development of organ dysfunction following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H). Although we have previously shown that 17β-estradiol (E2) prevents neutrophil infilt...
Patient Satisfaction, Empowerment, and Health and Disability Status Effects of a Disease Management–Health Promotion Nurse Intervention Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Disabilities

Purpose : To report the impact on patient and informal caregiver satisfaction, patient empowerment, and health and disability status of a primary care – affi liated disease self-management – health promotion nurse intervention for Medicare benefi ciaries with disabilities and recent signifi cant health services use. Design and Methods : The Medicare Primary and Consumer-Directed Care Demonstration was a 24-month randomized controlled trial that included a nurse intervention. The present study ( N = 766) compares the nurse ( n = 382) and control ( n = 384) groups. Generalized linear models for repeated measures, linear regression, and ordered logit regression were used. Results : The patients whose activities of daily living (ADL) were reported by the same respondent at baseline and 22 months following baseline had signifi cantly fewer dependencies at 22 months than did the control group ( p = .038). This constituted the vast majority of respondents. In addition, patient satisfaction signifi cantly improved for 6 of 7 domains, whereas caregiver satisfaction
Stabilizing effects of surfactants on pseudoplastic falling films

The effects of nonionic surfactants on thin-film flow of pseudoplastic non-Newtonian liquids down a smooth vertical plate have been studied experimentally. For all liquids examined there was a surfactant concentration at which the stabilizing action of surfactants was maximized. Comparison with experimental data showed that an existing equation, developed for the stabilizing action of surfactants on thin-film flow of Newtonian fluids, may be used to predict the effect of surfactants on the stability of pseudoplastic thin-film flow by using the zero-shear rate apparent viscosity in place of the Newtonian viscosity.
Insulin Bound to the Insulin Receptor of IM-9 Lymphocytes Is More Accessible to Antiinsulin Antibodies after Treatment with Dithiothreitol: Bound Insulin Is Deeply Buried in the Receptor-Binding Site

Binding of insulin to its receptor followed by covalent cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate (DSS) dramatically impairs the ability of antiinsulin antibodies (both polyclonal and monoclonal) to bind to the insulin moiety. We have used dithiotheitol, which has major effects on the oligomeric structure of the insulin receptor, to determine if this decreased antibody recognition is due to alteration in the conformation of insulin itself or to steric factors. Treatment of the covalently cross-linked insulin-receptor complex with dithiothreitol (DTT) increased the ability of the polyclonal and two monoclonal antiinsulin antibodies to immunoprecipitate the insulin-receptor complex. This treatment decreased immunoprecipitation by antireceptor antibodies. The effect of DTT may have been due to a reversal of either a binding-induced conformational change in the insulin moiety or an alteration in the conformation of the insulin-receptor complex, thereby decreasing steric hindrance. In an effort to choose between these two possible explanations, we prepared a biotinylated derivative of insulin which was cross-linked to the receptor. Since the biotin moiety is relatively rigid, it seemed improbable that binding to the receptor would alter the conformation of the epitope recognized by antibiotin antibodies and that the change would be reversed by DTT. Treatment of the cross-linked biotin-insulin-receptor complex with DTT did increase the ability of both antiinsulin and antibiotin antibodies to immunoprecipitate the cross-linked receptor complex. Identification of the cross-linked receptor on reduced sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels confirms that the DTT treatment alters the distribution of the oligomeric forms of the receptor. These studies favor the hypothesis that when bound to its receptor, most of the insulin molecule is sequestered within the receptor-binding site such that there is steric hindrance to the approach of antiinsulin antibodies. Moreover, DTT alters the conformation of the cross-linked insulin-receptor complex so as to decrease this steric hindrance.
Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm by general practitioners and practice-based ultrasonographers

Aim: To find out if aortic aneurysm screening could be successfully organized from a general practice with ultrasound facilities, and to offer a screening service to surrounding general practices within a primary health care trust (PHCT) in Surrey.Methods: The study screened men between the ages of 65 and 80 years for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). The screening project was set up and carried out entirely in primary care (in local practices). Funding was received from the PHCT; the costs of the screening programme had to fit within this budget.Results: There was a 71.7% attendance rate and 4.1% of the screened population had an AAA. The screens cost approximately £17.39 per scan.Conclusions: The costs for the screening programme were low, although it is hard to find direct comparisons. The attendance rate could be improved, but the prevalence of AAA in this study was comparable to those found in hospital-led screening trials.
The Party Isn't Over: The Agency Role in the Retention of Public Child Welfare Caseworkers

Nationwide, social services agencies continue to report difficulties in the retention of public child welfare caseworkers. As service demands placed on the child welfare system continue to increase, the need for an experienced and competent work force becomes imperative. Previous studies have identified the reasons for the high turnover rate among child welfare caseworkers. This article reports the findings of an exploratory study to identify factors that may influence some caseworkers to continue employment in public child welfare when so many others are leaving. From comprehensive focused interviews with 23 caseworkers, the following four factors of retention emerged: (1) mission, (2) goodness of fit, (3) supervision, and (4) investment. The importance of the relationship with the agency and the four factors in the retention of public child welfare caseworkers is discussed.
Decreased Warfarin Effect after Initiation of High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diets

OBJECTIVE:To report 2 cases of decreased international normalized ratio (INR) after initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.CASE SUMMARIES:Case 1. A 67-year-old white woman had been receiving warfarin for 3 years for venous thromboembolism. After initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, the patient required a 22.2% increase (from 45 to 57.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. Her INR remained in the therapeutic range on this dose for 8 weeks. When the patient stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet, a decrease back to the original warfarin dose was required to return to a therapeutic INR. Case 2. A 58-year-old white man had been receiving warfarin for 8 years for a cerebrovascular accident. Initiation of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet resulted in a 30% increase (from 26.25 to 37.5 mg/wk) in warfarin dose. His warfarin dose was reduced to the original dose after he stopped the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.DISCUSSION:The Naranjo probability scale indicated a possible adver...
Combustor Flowfield Measurements of a Transverse Jet Flame Holder

A fluidic-based flame holder offers potential thrust and efficiency benefits for propulsion. The capability of fluidics for flame stabilization in a high-speed premixed reactant flow has been established. A transverse slot jet issuing into a channel flow has been shown to develop a low-speed recirculation zone capable of stabilizing a stationary flame, analogous to typical geometrical flame holders. The current study documents detailed reacting flowfield measurements to help understand the fluidic flame holder. The fluidic stream of the fluidic flame holder consisted of a mixture of methane fuel and air at an equivalence ratio matching that of the main combustor flow. Digital particle image velocimetry was used to study the flowfield of a fluidic based dump combustor. The effects of combustion on the mean and turbulent flowfields for different momentum ratio cases are described. Dilatation was used to asses a relative heat release rate for the fluidic dump combustor. Comparisons of the turbulence length and velocity scales as well as flame topology for different blowing ratios are made to help understand the performance of the fluidic dump combustor.
Logic and Reasoning

The relevant literature contains a wide variety of views regarding the nature of the relationship between logic and human reasoning. Evidence from experimental and observational studies reveals that reasoning displays a complex mix of logical, illogical, and alogical influences. Studies also show that the quality of reasoning can be enhanced by training, but that effective reasoning in practical contexts requires knowledge of the relevant domain as well as the application of principles that characterize good reasoning independently of context.
A Critical Review of the Literature on Carbon Disulfide Toxicity

(1983). A Critical Review of the Literature on Carbon Disulfide Toxicity. CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology: Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 169-278.
Photon burst mass spectrometry for the measurement of 85Kr at ambient levels

Photon Burst Mass Spectrometry has been used to measure {sup 85}Kr in a sample with an abundance of 6 x 10{sup {minus}9}. Improvements in detection efficiency by the use of avalanche photodiodes cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature are reported, which should make possible measurement of {sup 85}Kr at the ambient atmospheric abundance of 10{sup {minus}11}. Potential applications include nuclear monitoring, atmospheric transport, and dating young ground water up to 40 years.
A critical role for alternative polyadenylation factor CPSF6 in targeting HIV-1 integration to transcriptionally active chromatin

Integration is vital to retroviral replication and influences the establishment of the latent HIV reservoir. HIV-1 integration favors active genes, which is in part determined by the interaction between integrase and lens epithelium-derived growth factor (LEDGF)/p75. Because gene targeting remains significantly enriched, relative to random in LEDGF/p75 deficient cells, other host factors likely contribute to gene-tropic integration. Nucleoporins 153 and 358, which bind HIV-1 capsid, play comparatively minor roles in integration targeting, but the influence of another capsid binding protein, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 6 (CPSF6), has not been reported. In this study we knocked down or knocked out CPSF6 in parallel or in tandem with LEDGF/p75. CPSF6 knockout changed viral infectivity kinetics, decreased proviral formation, and preferentially decreased integration into transcriptionally active genes, spliced genes, and regions of chromatin enriched in genes and activating histone modifications. LEDGF/p75 depletion by contrast preferentially altered positional integration targeting within gene bodies. Dual factor knockout reduced integration into genes to below the levels observed with either single knockout and revealed that CPSF6 played a more dominant role than LEDGF/p75 in directing integration to euchromatin. CPSF6 complementation rescued HIV-1 integration site distribution in CPSF6 knockout cells, but complementation with a capsid binding mutant of CPSF6 did not. We conclude that integration targeting proceeds via two distinct mechanisms: capsid-CPSF6 binding directs HIV-1 to actively transcribed euchromatin, where the integrase-LEDGF/p75 interaction drives integration into gene bodies.
Oxidant-regulation of Gene Expression in the Chronically Inflamed Intestine

It is becoming increasingly apparent that the chronic gut inflammation observed in the idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease) is associated with enhanced production of leukocyte-derived oxidants. Oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide are known to activate certain transcription factors such as nuclear transcription factor x beta. Nuclear transcription factor kB (NF-KB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor and pleiotropic regulator of numerous genes involved in the immune and inflammatory responses. This transcription factor is activated via the selective phosphorylation, ubiquination and degradation of its inhibitor protein I-kB thereby allowing translocation of NF-KB into the nucleus where it upregulates the transcription of a variety of adhesion molecules (e.g. ICAM-1, VCAM-1), cytokines (TNF, IL-1, IL-6) and enzymes (iNOS). The proteolytic degradation of the post-translationally modified I-KB is known to be mediated by the 26S proteasome complex. Based upon work from our laboratory, we propose that inhibition of NF-KB activation produces significant antiinflammatory activity which may be mediated by the inhibition of transcription of certain pro-inflammatory mediators and adhesion molecules.
A Preliminary Survey of the Genus Platygloea

(1956). A Preliminary Survey of the Genus Platygloea. Mycologia: Vol. 48, No. 6, pp. 821-840.
P6.029 Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) Programme in Bangladesh: Increasing National Ownership

Background The first HIV positive case was detected back in 1989. From then 2,871 cases have been reported till December 2012. However, the estimated number of PLHIV in Bangladesh is 7,500. Most of the HIV programme for last decades has been focused on HIV prevention. In 2005, ART programme was started in NGO settings in a small scale. Under the Global Fund Round 6 project, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MOHFW)/National AIDS/STD Programme (NASP) as Principal Recipient (PR) and Save the children as Management Agency (MA) initiated ART programme for PLHIV (People living with HIV/AIDS). Methods Enormous efforts of Save the Children, as PR, through active formal and informal co-ordination and advocacy with NASP, UNAIDS, UNICEF, and other relevant stakeholders, ARV drug distribution process has been taken over by the government in December 2012. Results Before 2008, 100% of ART was managed by INGOs and their implementing partners in the country. Central Medical Stores Depot of MOHFW has started ARV procurement in 2012. Before that, Save the Children has provided ART to 911 PLHIV in past 4 years with grants from the Global Fund. Beginning of 2013, 88.28% of PLHIV were provided ARV through Public-Private Partnerships (PPP). To provide direction to the national ART programme, MOHFW developed ART guidelines (2006, updated in 2011), Management of Opportunistic Infection (2009) and also developed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) for Services to PLHIV in 2009. Simultaneously NASP installed CD+4 counters and additional laboratory equipment in eight tertiary government health institutes for HIV management. Conclusion Nevertheless challenges remain. Government health system is yet to be sensitised and ready to start full-scale ART. An effort is ongoing to establish an efficient ARV drug procurement, supply chain system and PLHIV-friendly distribution mechanism in government-managed health facilities.
Study on the Chlamydia trachomatis infections in pregnant women inChongqing using Gap-LCR-ELISA

Objective: To study the current status of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections in pregnant women in Chongqing using Gap-LCR-ELISA methods. Methods: Five hundred and twelve samples of first void urine(FVU) and cervical scraping smears were taken from pregnant women. According to the "Expanded Gold Standard", the methodology indices of Gap-LCR-ELISA were compared between plasmid probes and omp1 probes in different forms of samples. Results: ①CT infection in pregnant women was strongly insidious. Forty-two positive cases were confirmed by the "Expanded Gold Standard", indicating the prevalence of infections among pregnant women in Chongqing was 8.20% (42/512). Among those positive cases, CT was detectable from both FVU and cervical scraping smear with the ratio of 88.1% (37/42) while positive results from either cervical scraping smear or FVU alone were found in 9.5% (4/42) and 2.4% (1/42), respectively. ②The sensitivity of Gap-LCR-ELISA using plasmid probes and omp1 probes was 90.48% and 71.43% (P 0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, the sensitivity of plasmid Gap-LCR-ELISA using cervical scraping smear and FVU was 97.62% and 90.48% (P 0.05), respectively. The specificity of all the above Gap-LCR-ELISA tests was 100%. Conclusion: FVU plasmid Gap-LCR-ELISA is a noninvasive, highly sensitive and specific method which is suitable for large-scale screening for the perinatal CT infection in pregnant women in developing countries and regions.
Protect researchers from harassment

It is deeply troubling that an animal rights extremist campaign will stop an important line of research, and the entire scientific community should be concerned when, yet again, disruptive actions by extremists silence important, well-regulated science (“Researcher drops primate work,” News In Brief, 8 May, p. [613][1]). It is unacceptable that researchers worldwide are subject to harassment, threats of violence, illegal taping, and property damage, and we urge aggressive enforcement of laws that protect responsible research, scientific institutions, and scientists. The Society for Neuroscience has long urged research institutions to be proactive in identifying and supporting researchers who experience animal rights threats. Nonhuman primate models, the research subject in this case, are critical for advancing scientific understanding of the brain, and to improve the health and well-being of humans and nonhuman species. Research on animals, including nonhuman primates, provides the basis for breakthroughs in the treatment of cancer, heart disease, and devastating infectious diseases like HIV, Ebola, and influenza. Monkey research played a key role in the development of deep-brain stimulation for treating conditions such as Parkinson's disease, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biomedical research operates within the laws and guidelines set by multiple oversight bodies to ensure humane treatment of animals. For neuroscience, this troubling news will only lengthen the time needed to better understand complex neural systems, which are crucial to find treatments for more than 1000 disorders—including addiction, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease—which afflict more than 1 billion people worldwide. We urge the scientific community to make a strong stand about the irreplaceable role of animals in research, and for organizations to sign on to the international statement supporting animal research, found at the International Brain Research Organization ([ 1 ][2]). 1. [↵][3]International Brain Research Organization, Statement on the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research ( ). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.348.6235.612 [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
GLOBAL THEORIES OF THE LINEARIZING PROJECTION WITH APPLICATIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter describes global theories of the linearizing projection with applications. A linearizing operator or projection is a device that converts nonlinear into linear information. The Shapley value, both in the discrete case and the continuous case, is a well-known example of a linearizing projection. A linearizing projection usually satisfies certain axioms of rationality assuring that it is the unique, fair allocation or distribution. This makes it an admirable bookkeeping device because bookkeeping must be linear. The chapter describes an effort to construct three global theories of linearizing projections (called x0-values). These theories are called global because they refer to spaces of functionals that are defined on the entire Banach space E. The polynomial theory is more complete than that given for ρ(E′), because it avoids the technical hypothesis that E have dimension greater than three. The chapter also describes several sample applications of the mathematical theories constructed.
Use of 240Pu waste as a burnable absorber in light water reactors

Current burnable absorbers such as boron carbide placed in the control rod guide tubes of fresh fuel assemblies create a water displacement penalty at end of cycle (EOC) that reduces the overall ma...
Colon adenoma features and their impact on risk of future advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer.

Colon adenoma features and their impact on risk of future advanced adenomas and colorectal cancer
Lethargy and Coma

The term coma is difficult to define, despite the fact that clinicians seldom have difficulty recognizing it. Textbook definitions speak of lack of awareness, unconsciousness, absence of responsiveness. Sleep itself fulfills some formal definitions of coma, although its ready reversibility should separate these two conditions. Some neurologists, however, have emphasized similarities between sleep and coma and have predicted that increased understanding of the normal condition will lead to better treatment of the abnormal (Fisher, 1969; Freemon, 1978).
POSTER: An Infrastructure for HPC Knowledge Sharing and Reuse

This paper presents a prototype infrastructure for addressing the barriers for effective accumulation, sharing, and reuse of the various types of knowledge for high performance parallel computing.
Low-energy proton implantation of stainless steel

Hydrogen gas re-emission and scanning electron microscopy measurements were conducted on a series of cold-worked Types 316 and 302 stainless-steel specimens implanted with 20-keV protons at tempera...
Technological Change from the Terminal Pleistocene Through Early Holocene in the Eastern Great Basin, USA: The Record from Bonneville Estates Rockshelter

In the Great Basin of western North America, studies of prehistoric human technology have long been conducted in an ecological, evolutionary context. Here we review evidence of long-term environmental and technological change at Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, western Bonneville basin, Nevada. In this region 15,000–8000 calendar years ago, climate became increasingly warm and arid, leading to the drying of an extensive pluvial lake system and radical changes in vegetation and mammal communities. Paleoindians, of course, responded to these changes, and their adjustments are recorded in the lithic technological record. For the occupants of Bonneville Estates Rockshelter, adaptation included (1) more use of poor-quality, local tool stones at the expense of high-quality, nonlocal obsidians, (2) an increase in primary-reduction activities (including early-stage biface reduction), (3) a decrease in the versatility of hafted bifacial tools, and (4) an expansion of technology to include the use of ground-stone tools. These adjustments in technological organization reflect related modifications in settlement and subsistence behavior, for example, lengthier occupations of the rockshelter and reduced mobility, as well as more intensive artiodactyl hunting and a concomitant broadening of the diet to include hard-to-process seeds from a variety of plants.