cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impact of the clinical pharmacy specialist in telehealth primary care.

Purpose A telehealth-based chronic disease management program including clinical pharmacy specialists (CPSs) and the program’s impact on primary care outcomes in a population of veterans are described. Summary A telehealth program including CPS services was developed to improve healthcare access and quality for veterans in rural areas of the Pacific Northwest. Outcomes of medication management services provided by a CPS team during both clinical video telehealth and telephone encounters with 554 patients from October 2014 to March 2017 were assessed. Patients were targeted for diabetes (DM), hyperlipidemia (HLD), and hypertension (HTN) control and tobacco cessation; the respective primary outcomes were the mean changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) and blood pressure values and rates of guideline-indicated statin therapy and tobacco cessation. Patients in the DM and HTN groups had a mean absolute HbA 1c reduction of 1.61% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–1.83%; p p Conclusion CPSs providing primary care comprehensive medication management services solely via telehealth improved disease management and access to healthcare in a population of rural veterans. Statistically significant improvements in DM and HTN outcomes were demonstrated along with clinically significant improvements in the areas of lipid management and tobacco cessation.
Identification of Native Defects in a-SiO2

One of the most powerful experimental tools for the identification of defects in solids is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). In a-SiO2, however, the defects are diamagnetic in their ground state, and are therefore invisible to EPR. Because of this, researchers interested in the structure of defects in SiO2 have had to rely on the use of ionizing or heavy particle radiation (γ, e-, n, X,..) in order to generate paramagnetic defects which can then be detected by EPR1. While these studies have been very fruitful, and the question of the mechanism by which defects are generated in a glass by the influence of high-energy radiation is an interesting and important one2, they leave open a fundamental question. Namely, since ionizing radiation may create additional structural defects in the glass, either by direct knock-ons or by a radiolytic process such as a recombination-assisted reaction, one gains little or no information about the native defects present before irradiation. The identity and properties of these native defects in a-SiO2 are important both for technological reasons, and because they help us to understand the nature of glasses in general.
Mechanism and Regulation of Bovine Liver Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a study on the mechanism and regulation of bovine liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase). FBPase catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate to form fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) and inorganic orthophosphate (Pi). Along with phosphofructokinase, the enzyme plays a key regulatory role in the futile cycle of FBP synthesis and degradation. The chapter presents studies on the mechanism and mode of regulation of the bovine liver enzyme at the molecular level . The neutral form of the bovine liver FBPase was purified and shown to be a tetramer of identical subunits with a native molecular weight of 140,000 ± 3000. Unlike other mammalian FBPases, the bovine liver enzyme seems to contain at least one tryptophan residue. Various kinetic constants obtained from the studies are also compiled in the chapter. The results of kinetic studies reviewed in the chapter show that it is possible to select the rapid-equilibrium random Bi-Uni mechanism as the most likely possibility for FBPase in the reverse direction. If the release of products in the forward direction is also rapid equilibrium, it is necessary to propose the formation of an abortive E FBP F6P complex. However, if product release is instead steady state, the abortive complex need not form, but F6P would be expected to form an inactive complex with the enzyme.
Correlations Between Structure And Reactivity Of Metal Surfaces

Abstract Single crystal nickel and iridium have been used as model catalysts to investigate the hydrogenolysis and reactive sticking reactions of small alkanes. It has been found that the Ni(100) surface is much more reactive than the Ni(111) surface toward ethane hydrogenolysis and methane reactive sticking, and that the reconstructed Ir(110)-(1x2) surface has much higher selectivity than the Ir(111) surface for ethane production from the hydrogenolysis of n-butane. These results demonstrate the correlation between structure and reactivity of metal surfaces, and the relevance between surface science studies on single crystal model catalytic surfaces and the corresponding measurements on supported metal catalysts.
Two-stage Reconstruction of the Large and Ptotic Breasts: Skin Reduction Mastectomy with Prepectoral Device Placement

Wise pattern skin reduction mastectomy with prepectoral placement of the device is a recent technique for reconstruction in patients with large and ptotic breasts. Expanders in the first stage, followed by implant exchange in the second stage are placed above the pectoralis major muscle, totally covered by acellular dermal matrix and an inferior dermal flap. This technique was performed on 6 breasts in 4 obese patients with macromastia and grade 2 and 3 ptosis. Two patients experienced complications at the T-junction. One patient experienced superficial skin sloughing managed conservatively. The second patient developed full-thickness necrosis treated with excision and primary closure. No implant loss occurred. All patients were exchanged in a second stage to an implant, and 2 of them had symmetry procedures, with good cosmetic results. Larger, long-term studies are required to further characterize results and define the limitations of this newer surgical technique.
Prevalence of Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors in Transgender Individuals With Eating Disorders: A National Study

Abstract Purpose This study examined prevalence of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors (SITBs) in transgender individuals with eating disorders, as compared to cisgender individuals with eating disorders and transgender individuals without eating disorders. Methods Data were analyzed from 365,749 individuals (median age 21 years, 71.8% White/Caucasian, 34.9% male, 64.9% female, and 0.2% transgender) who participated in American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment, an annual national assessment of college student health, from 2008 to 2011. Results Rates of past-year nonsuicidal self-injury, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts were elevated in transgender participants with eating disorders (74.8%, 75.2%, and 74.8%, respectively), as compared to cisgender participants with eating disorders and transgender participants without eating disorders. Follow-up logistic regression analyses indicated these differences were statistically significant above and beyond the effects of demographic variables and depression. Conclusions Results found extremely high rates of SITBs in transgender individuals with eating disorders. This combination of identities, each associated with SITBs, may have a compounding effect.
The interplay of the metallosensor CueR with two distinct CopZ chaperones defines copper homeostasis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Copper homeostasis in pathogenic bacteria is critical for cuproprotein assembly and virulence. However, in vivo biochemical analyses of these processes are challenging, which has prevented defining and quantifying the homeostatic interplay between Cu+-sensing transcriptional regulators, chaperones, and sequestering molecules. The cytoplasm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contains a Cu+-sensing transcriptional regulator, CueR, and two homologous metal chaperones, CopZ1 and CopZ2, forming a unique system for studying Cu+ homeostasis. We found here that both chaperones exchange Cu+, albeit at a slow rate, reaching equilibrium after 3 h, a time much longer than P. aeruginosa duplication time. Therefore, they appeared as two separate cellular Cu+ pools. Although both chaperones transferred Cu+ to CueR in vitro, experiments in vivo indicated that CopZ1 metallates CueR, eliciting the translation of Cu+ efflux transporters involved in metal tolerance. Although this observation was consistent with the relative Cu+ affinities of the three proteins (CopZ1
One-item susceptibility measure predicts waterpipe and little cigar/cigarillo uptake in a national sample of adolescents and young adults in the United States.

Introduction Adolescents and young adults in the United States (US) are increasingly using non-cigarette tobacco products such as waterpipe (WP) and little cigars/cigarillos (LCC). One way to predict which non-user adolescents and young adults are most likely to use these products is through measuring their susceptibility or openness to using the products. Methods We conducted a national phone survey (baseline) and an internet survey (follow-up) of adolescents and young adults (ages 13-25 years), who, at baseline, had never used WP (N=1002) or LCC (N=990). At baseline, we measured susceptibility using a single item, asking participants whether they would try WP or LCC if their best friend offered it to them, and subsequently measured uptake at follow-up. We conducted multivariate regression analyses to determine whether product-specific susceptibility was a significant predictor of uptake at follow-up. Results Participants who were susceptible and participants who had ever used another tobacco product had higher odds of using WP (AOR=3.5, AOR=4.2) and LCC (AOR=3.2, AOR=5.3) at follow-up than those who were not susceptible to those products, and had not ever used tobacco products respectively, controlling for sociodemographic factors. The one-item measure had adequate sensitivity (WP=51.4%, LCC=40.2%) and specificity (WP=84.9%, LCC=87.9%). Conclusions Our national study of US adolescents and young adults shows that a one-item susceptibility measure at baseline was a significant predictor of WP and LCC uptake at follow-up, even after controlling for other predictors. Future research should assess the predictive validity of the one-item compared to the multi-item scale.
Comparative Benchmarking Analysis of Next-Generation Space Processors

Researchers, corporations, and government entities are seeking to deploy increasingly compute-intensive workloads on space platforms. This need is driving the development of two new radiation-hardened, multi-core space processors, the BAE Systems RAD5545™ processor and the Boeing High-Performance Spaceflight Computing (HPSC) processor. As these systems remained in the development phase, the Freescale P5020DS and P5040DS systems, based on the same PowerPC e5500 architecture as the RAD5545 processor, and the Hardkernel ODROID-C2, sharing the same ARM Cortex-A53 core as the HPSC processor, were selected as facsimiles for evaluation. Several OpenMP-parallelized applications, including a color search, Sobel filter, Mandelbrot set generator, hyperspectral imaging target classifier, and image thumbnailer, were benchmarked on these processing platforms. Performance and energy consumption results on these facsimiles were scaled to forecasted frequencies of the radiation-hardened devices in development. In these studies, the RAD5545 achieved the highest and most consistent parallel efficiency, up to 99%. The HPSC processor achieved faster execution times, averaging about half that of the RAD5545 processor, with lower energy consumption. The evaluated applications reached up to 3.9 speedup across four cores. The frequency-scaling methods were validated by comparing the set of scaled measures with data points from an underclocked facsimile, which yielded an average accuracy of 97% between estimated and measured results. These performance outcomes help to establish the capabilities of both the RAD5545 and HPSC processors for on-board parallel processing of computationally-demanding applications for future space missions.
Disconnected connectedness: The paradox of digital dating for gay and bisexual men

The growing use of technology to facilitate social and sexual intimacy means that technology and intimacy are increasingly intertwined. Technologically mediated introductions and relationships happ...
High-Quality Teaching:

This article was adapted from a Policy Brief with the same title, published by the Appalachia Educational Laboratory. This work was sponsored wholly or in part by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES), U.S. Department of Education, under contract number ED-01-C0-0016. Its contents do not necessarily reflect the views of IES, the Department, or any other agency of the government.
Examining the Effects of Feedback Accuracy and Timing on Skill Acquisition

Feedback involves providing information about past performance and indicating how to improve future performance. Although the literature contains numerous examples of feedback as an effective metho...
The Impact of an Urban Scrapyard Fire on Respiratory-Related Pediatric Emergency Department Visits.

Objective In Philadelphia, a scrapyard fire generated PM2.5 concentrations >1000 μg/m. We assessed whether this was associated with pediatric emergency department visits for respiratory diagnoses. Design/methods Retrospective observational study using electronic health record data from a local, academic pediatric hospital. Results Compared to the two-week period before the fire, patients living directly north of the fire (downwind) had a significant difference in all asthma diagnoses (OR = 3.02, P = 0.03); asthma and upper respiratory infection (OR = 17.3, P = 0.01); overall admissions (OR = 3.04, P = 01); asthma admissions (OR = 4.45, P = .01); and asthma and upper respiratory infection admissions (OR = 15.0, P = 0.01). We did not observe any significant differences among visits or admissions from patients residing in other adjacent zip codes. Conclusion A localized, transient increase in PM2.5 was associated with increased pediatric emergency department visits for asthma among patients living downwind of the fire.
Epigenetic Consequences of Adversity and Intervention Throughout the Lifespan: Implications for Public Policy and Healthcare

Behavioral epigenetics posits that both nature and nurture must be considered when determining the etiology of behavior or disease. The epigenome displays a remarkable ability to respond to environmental input in early sensitive periods but also throughout the lifespan. These responses are dependent on environmental context and lead to behavioral outcomes. While early adversity has been shown to perpetuate issues of mental health, there are numerous intervention strategies shown efficacious to ameliorate these effects. This includes diet, exercise, childhood intervention programs, pharmacological therapeutics, and talk therapies. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of the ability of the epigenome to adapt in different contexts is essential to advance our understanding of mechanisms of adversity and pathways to resilience. The present review draws on evidence from both humans and animal models to explore the responsivity of the epigenome to adversity and its malleability to intervention. Behavioral epigenetics research is also discussed in the context of public health practice and policy, as it provides a meaningful source of evidence concerning child development and disease intervention and prevention.
The Ricochet-Scepter Technique: A Balloon-Assisted Technique to Achieve Outflow Access During Pipeline-Assisted Coil Embolization of a Near-Giant Internal Carotid Artery Ophthalmic Aneurysm.

Background Flow diversion with or without coil embolization has become the first-line treatment for large or giant paraclinoid internal carotid artery intracranial aneurysms. Oftentimes, these sizable aneurysms impose anatomical challenges to endovascular treatment through limiting both distal outflow access and maintenance of distal vessel purchase during catheter reduction, which are required for successful stent placement. Various strategies to obtain and maintain distal access within the parent vessel have been described previously; however, new techniques may need to be employed when more standard maneuvers fail. Case Description This paper depicts a case of successful flow diversion of a near-giant internal carotid artery ophthalmic aneurysm in a middle-aged female patient using a balloon-assisted technique, designated the Ricochet-Scepter technique, to achieve distal outflow access followed by secondary system reduction via a stent retriever after standard maneuvers had failed. Conclusions Giant, wide-neck aneurysms present treatment challenges that may require using adjunctive devices and advanced endovascular techniques. When routine strategies for gaining distal outflow access fail, the Ricochet-Scepter technique is a viable option for achieving distal access.
Chapter 40 Classical estimation methods for LDV models using simulation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses classical estimation methods for limited dependent variable (LDV) models that employ Monte Carlo simulation techniques to overcome computational problems in such models. These difficulties take the form of high-dimensional integrals that need to be calculated repeatedly. In the past, investigators were forced to restrict attention to special classes of LDV models that are computationally manageable. The simulation estimation methods we discuss here make it possible to estimate LDV models that are computationally intractable using classical estimation methods. The chapter first reviews the ways in which LDV models arise, describing the differences and similarities in censored and truncated data generating processes. Censoring and truncation give rise to the troublesome multivariate integrals. Following the LDV models, we described various simulation methods for evaluating such integrals. Naturally, censoring and truncation play roles in simulation as well. Finally, estimation methods that rely on simulation are described. The chapter also reviews three general approaches that combine estimation of LDV models and simulation: simulation of the log-likelihood function (MSL), simulation of moment functions (MSM), and simulation of the score (MSS). The MSS is a combination of ideas from MSL and MSM, treating the efficient score of the log-likelihood function as a moment function.
The Weakness of C IV Absorber Clustering in Keck HIRES Spectraof Adjacent Quasar Sight Lines

We observe with Keck/HIRES the z ≈ 2.5 QSO triplet 1623+27 in order to explore on the scale of 1 Mpc the spatial clustering of C IV absorbers between adjacent sight lines. We find this signal to be significantly weaker than the clustering in velocity on corresponding scales along single sight lines, assuming that the relative velocity of absorbers is dominated by the Hubble flow. This indicates that small-scale clustering (200 km s-1 < Δv < 600 km s-1) of the C IV absorbers cannot be interpreted in terms of the positions of the absorbers in space but must be considered as internal motions within individual absorbers or within clusters of absorbers whose internal velocities dominate over Hubble expansion across the cluster scale. If the single sight line signal is due to spatial clustering, it is caused by absorber clusters smaller than would be implied by their velocities if a Hubble flow is assumed. The spatial clustering of C IV absorbers at z ≈ 2 is consistent with data on Lyα forest clustering measured in the same way at the same redshifts. However, present-day galaxy clustering, evolved back to z ≈ 2, is consistent with C IV spatial clustering but perhaps not with that of the Lyα forest. Even so, one cannot as yet distinguish the two absorber populations on the basis of spatial clustering on these small scales.
The impact of routine post-anesthesia care unit extubation for pediatric surgical patients on safety and operating room efficiency.

Purpose Maximizing operating room (OR) efficiency is essential for hospital cost containment and effective patient throughput. Little data is available regarding the safety and efficacy of extubation of children in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) by a nurse rather than in the OR. We sought to evaluate the impact of a long-standing practice of PACU extubation upon airway complications and OR efficiency. Methods The records of 1930 children who underwent inguinal hernia repair, laparoscopic appendectomy or pyloromyotomy at a children's hospital between July, 2018 and June, 2020 were reviewed. Extubations were performed in the OR only when the PACU was inadequately staffed or during the early months of the Covid-19 pandemic. Cases in which there was a deep extubation, a PACU hold was in effect or a patient went directly to an inpatient unit from the OR were excluded. Intra- and post-operative time metrics were recorded and emergency airway interventions were assessed. Results 1747 operations were evaluated. Time from the end of the procedure to leaving the OR ranged from 4.1 to 4.8 min when extubation was done in the PACU and was 6-9 min less than with OR extubation. (see table). There were 23 airway events (1.5% of all cases) after PACU extubation that necessitated only brief bag-mask ventilation. There were no cases of re-intubation. Conclusions In a large population of children undergoing diverse surgical procedures, post-anesthesia care unit extubation was safe and resulted in rapid transfer of patients from the operating room after completion of their operation. Time saved because of shorter operating room times reduces hospital costs and can allow for increased throughput. Extubation in the post-anesthesia care unit may not only be as safe as operating room extubation, but may result in fewer serious airway events as patients may be less likely to have their endotracheal tube removed prematurely. Level of evidence Treatment Study, Level III.
Tag SNP Selection

Publisher Summary This chapter primarily focuses on existing computational approaches for the selection of a “smallest” set of tagSNPs with least information loss. A SNP in a reference panel is covered by the set of tagSNPs if it is either included in the tagSNP set or it can be approximated by SNP(s) in the set. Proximity is measured by linkage disequilibrium (LD). Commonly used pair-wise LD measures are introduced, followed by discussions of haplotype-based and haplotype-independent approaches. Selection approaches that target multiple populations are then briefly introduced. SNP selections in multi-stage designs are also analyzed. A list of commonly used computational tools to select tagSNPs and their internet links are also provided with brief descriptions. One of the tools is FESTA that stands for Fragmented Exhaustive Search for tagSNPs. It is the implementation of the comprehensive search algorithm. Another tool is HapBlock, which is a set of dynamic programming algorithms for haplotype block partitioning and tagSNP selection. This chapter concludes summarizing the coverage of several popular existing commercial genotyping platforms.
Urban Pilot A Handheld City Guide That Maps Personal and Collective Experiences through Social Networks

This paper investigates the use of handheld mobile devices as personalized tools for city navigation that go beyond cartographic limitations and directory services. The volatile, unpredictable randomness of the city life and its ever-changing patterns need dynamic navigational means. Unfortunately, existing devices and their applications do not fully address the impelling potential of real-time interactivity generated by Wireless and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). This study proposes a tool, which encourages personal perceptions and collective experience of cities by providing a dynamic information space that overlaps the city with individual users. The tool is characterized by a three-tier structure of Personal Filtering, Social Networking and Information Layering. It filters the information through personalization, shares the personal perception through social networks and layers the information with collective experience. Hence it is designed as a regenerative information system based on social networks that allows for the creation of new patterns and interpretations.
HI as a Probe of Structure in the Interstellar Medium of External Galaxies

This review presents a perspective on recent advances in understanding neutral ISM structure in external galaxies. HI is a fundamental probe of galactic baryonic material, and its structure and distribution offer vital signatures of dynamical and evolutionary processes that drive star formation and galaxy evolution. New, high-resolution HI data cubes for external galaxies now reveal the features and topology of the entire neutral ISM, which here are considered on scales of 10 - 1000 pc. I focus on the two principal candidates for HI structuring, mechanical feedback from massive stars and turbulence; other mechanisms are also considered, especially with respect to supergiant shells. While confirmation for both mechanical feedback and turbulent processes exists, it remains unclear how these mechanisms yield the global, steady-state, scale-free HI properties that are observed. Understanding the formation of filamentary structure may be key in resolving these puzzles. New HI surveys of nearby galaxies, combined with further theoretical studies, promise continuing important advances.
Two Guns, Four Guns, Six Guns, More Guns: Does Arming the Public Reduce Crime?

This brief article reviews a well publicized study by John R. Lott, Jr. and David B. Mustard, Crime Deterrence, and Right-to-Carry Concealed Handguns, 26 J. Legal Stud. 1 (1997). Lott and Mustard argue that laws authorizing citizens to carry concealed handguns reduce the rate of violent crime dramatically, yet their tables include a number of findings that raise a reader's eyebrows (for example, that the population density of a county is negatively correlated with its rate of murder and rape). Moreover, Lott and Mustard's data suggest deterrent effects where there should be none or almost none (among youths who are not authorized to carry weapons by right-to-carry laws and among family members who have never been forbidden to keep firearms in their homes). Indeed, these unexpected (and indeed inconceivable) deterrent effects appear to be stronger than those produced in the situations in which the right-to-carry laws were thought most likely to reduce violence (adult and stranger killings). After concluding that "there is essentially no reason for an intelligent consumer of social science research to credit the Lott and Mustard findings," the paper notes some alternatives to returning to the crime control methods of the American frontier.
Metabolism, distribution, and transdermal permeation of a soft corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate

The soft corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate (chloromethyl 17α-ethoxycarbonyloxy-11β-hydroxy-3-oxoandrosta-1,4-diene-17β-carboxylate), I, was designed based on the “inactive metabolite approach.” Accordingly, I should be metabolized by hydrolysis to the corresponding inactive cortienic acid derivative, II. The in vitro and in vivo metabolism of I indeed yielded mainly this inactive metabolite, which is more hydrophilic and thus readily eliminated from the body. Relatively high levels of I were found in tissues after intravenous administration of the drug in rats. The permeability of I through hairless mouse skin was comparable to what has been found for related “hard” steroids, without significant metabolism taking place in the skin.
A proposed explanation for female predominance in alveolar soft part sarcoma. Noninactivation of X; autosome translocation fusion gene?

BACKGROUND Alveolar soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare malignant soft tissue tumor with both clinically and morphologically distinct features. It often involves the extremities of adolescents and young adults and shows a predilection for females. Recently, ASPS was found to have a nonreciprocal der(17)t(X;17) translocation with the corresponding fusion gene located in chromosome 17. Because females have an extra X-chromosome, their likelihood of developing an X;autosome translocation is theoretically double that of males, and thus, this extra X-chromosome is a likely explanation for female predominance of ASPS. METHODS The authors used data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry program, which included 87 ASPS cases (33 males and 54 females), and published ASPS cases, which included 317 cases (121 males and 196 females), to test our hypothesis. The authors compared the observed proportion of female cases with that expected under the two X-chromosomes–double-risk hypothesis including the consideration of X-inactivation status. RESULTS The hypothesis that the fusion gene is not subject to X-inactivation is supported by data (P = 0.6, 0.24, and 0.20 for SEER cases, published cases, and their combination, respectively). In contrast, the competing hypothesis that the fusion gene is subject to X-inactivation is rejected (P = 0.007, < 0.00001, and < 0.00001 for SEER cases, published cases, and their combination, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Therefore, the authors found a statistical association between the female predominance observed in ASPS and female possession of an extra X-chromosome/noninactivation of the ASPS X;autosome translocation fusion gene. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Neural net approach for passive RLCT network synthesis

Neural network for passive RLCT synthesis has been proposed. The algorithm is an alternative to the state-space synthesis from the transfer function matrices. Single layer neural net and HROM (heuristic random optimization) algorithm have been used. >
Nibbling at the Edges - Regulation of Short Selling: Policing Failures to Deliver and Restoration of an Uptick Rule

This posting is a second iteration of this article, which first appreared in February 2009 but has been revised substantially. In April 2009, the SEC promulgated for comment a 273 page release dealing with ideas and proposals for regulation of short selling of securities. The concepts explored include a modified uptick rule based upon the national best bid price (rather than a last sales price) and various types of circuit breakers which would be triggered by pecipitous price declines, which in turn could be caused by inordinate amounts of short selling. In July, the SEC permanently adopted a formerly temporary rule requiring that market particpants (broker-dealers) must close out all failures to deliver by the open of the fourth day following a sale, including a sjort sale, versus thirteen days under earlier rules. The new rule, unveiled in a 100 page release, is the latest chapter in an SEC jihad against naked short selling, which often is (good) circumstantial evidence of securities price manipulation. The revised article deletes discussion of regulation of stock borrowing programs, which have taken on added importance with the SEC's "get tough" approach to naked short sales and failures to deliver but must be the topic for a second, follow on article.
Serologic type conversion of a herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) to an HSV-2 epitope caused by a single amino acid substitution in glycoprotein C.

Abstract A monoclonal antibody to herpes simplex virus type 2 glycoprotein C (gC-2) did not recognize wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 gC (gC-1) but did recognize a mutant gC-1 molecule. This conversion from a type 1 to a type 2 epitope was shown to be due to a single amino acid substitution in gC-1.
Service productivity, quality and innovation: Implications for service‐design practice and research

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the intertwining of productivity, quality and innovation in the service domain and, based on that discussion, propose and examine the implications of a service productivity framework that incorporates not only the company's perspective (as is done traditionally) but also the customer's perspective and a typology for classifying service innovations on the basis of their potential impact on productivity from the company's and the customer's perspectives.Design/methodology/approach – The service productivity framework and service innovation typology are developed by synthesizing – and extending – concepts and insights from the relevant literature pertaining to productivity, quality and innovation.Findings – Analysis and discussion of the proposed frameworks lead to the overarching conclusion that strategies to improve service productivity, enhance service quality or implement service innovations, are likely to be suboptimal if pursued in isolation. As such, i...
SPURport: grid portal for earthquake engineering simulations

This paper presents a successful implementation of the SPURport, a prototype Grid Portal for the earthquake engineering community. The portal eliminates the need for installing and maintaining simulation software by the end user. However, the portal infrastructure is application-neutral and can be used as a blueprint for developing portals for other communities. It provides seamless access to remote resources and supports the incorporation of legacy applications. It uses XML-based metadata extensively, which enables the introduction of high-level middle-tier services that aggregate and coordinate lower-level services provided by the Globus toolkit. For example, the high level Job Submission Service orchestrates resolution of logical entities, file transfers, and data streaming prior to actual job submission, hiding these activities from the end user.
Project strategy: the key to project success

This paper introduces and defines the concept of project strategy. Nike's "just do it" is the prevailing attitude around projects. Schedule and budget dominate the measures of project success. To take advantage of opportunities, projects must be more than just tactical or operational. Building market share, extending product lines, increasing revenue, satisfying customers, and building for the future are more important, measures of project success. Projects should be an active element in implementation of a company's strategic intent, achieve better results, and increase the company's competitive advantage or value. Project strategy focuses the project on the desired strategic results. It is an overachieving set of guidelines to be used by the project in making decisions and taking action in alignment with corporate, business, marketing, and operational strategies. Existing frameworks and model offer insight in defining project strategy.
Perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of a smartphone application for the treatment of binge eating disorders: Qualitative feedback from a user population and clinicians

Background Binge eating, a major public health problem, is characterized by recurrent episodes of out-of-control eating in which an individual consumes an unusually large amount of food in a discrete time period. Limitations of existing treatments for binge eating (both in-person psychotherapy and guided self-help) indicate that smartphone applications (apps) may be an ideal alternative or enhancement. An app for binge eating could aid treatment dissemination, engagement, and/or compliance. However, no research to date has examined user perceptions of a therapeutic app for binge eating, which is critical for development.
Value Creation in New Firms: Evidence from the Biotechnology Industry

The purpose of this study is to empirically examine those factors that enhance the value of newly public firms. The article presents a model for the market value of a newly public biotechnology firm. Explanatory variables include several intangible indicators of the scientific capabilities of the firm including firm citations, licenses, patents, products in the pipeline, and R&D intensity. Top management team variables are also examined. The results support the conclusion that scientific capabilities significantly impact the value of the firm as viewed by public equity markets.
Double H-type tracheoesophageal fistulas identified and repaired in 1 operation

Isolated tracheoesophageal ("H-type") fistula is a relatively uncommon congenital anomaly that can be difficult to identify and, at times, challenging to repair. We present a very unusual case of an infant with 2 distinct H-type tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) identified and repaired in 1 operation. A newborn male infant presented with coughing with feeds. Contrast esophagram demonstrated an intrathoracic H-type fistula without esophageal atresia. In the operating room, rigid bronchoscopy was performed, and a second TEF was identified in the cervical region. A separate balloon catheter was placed in each fistula. The intrathoracic fistula was repaired through a thoracotomy incision, and the more proximal fistula was repaired through a cervical incision. Each repair was uncomplicated, and recovery was uneventful. Double H-type tracheoesophageal appears to be extremely rare. This case underscores the importance of searching for a second fistula by bronchoscopy before undertaking definitive repair of a TEF.
False-Negative Rate and Recovery Efficiency Performance of a Validated Sponge Wipe Sampling Method

ABSTRACT Recovery of spores from environmental surfaces varies due to sampling and analysis methods, spore size and characteristics, surface materials, and environmental conditions. Tests were performed to evaluate a new, validated sponge wipe method using Bacillus atrophaeus spores. Testing evaluated the effects of spore concentration and surface material on recovery efficiency (RE), false-negative rate (FNR), limit of detection (LOD), and their uncertainties. Ceramic tile and stainless steel had the highest mean RE values (48.9 and 48.1%, respectively). Faux leather, vinyl tile, and painted wood had mean RE values of 30.3, 25.6, and 25.5, respectively, while plastic had the lowest mean RE (9.8%). Results show roughly linear dependences of RE and FNR on surface roughness, with smoother surfaces resulting in higher mean REs and lower FNRs. REs were not influenced by the low spore concentrations tested (3.10 × 10−3 to 1.86 CFU/cm2). Stainless steel had the lowest mean FNR (0.123), and plastic had the highest mean FNR (0.479). The LOD90 (≥1 CFU detected 90% of the time) varied with surface material, from 0.015 CFU/cm2 on stainless steel up to 0.039 on plastic. It may be possible to improve sampling results by considering surface roughness in selecting sampling locations and interpreting spore recovery data. Further, FNR values (calculated as a function of concentration and surface material) can be used presampling to calculate the numbers of samples for statistical sampling plans with desired performance and postsampling to calculate the confidence in characterization and clearance decisions.
Violence in northerners and southerners.

Lester (1997a) found that the regions of northern Italy had higher suicide rates than the southern regions, both today and over 100 years ago, and he suggested that differences in emotional expressiveness might be responsible for this difference. People who express their emotions outwardly might be able to achieve catharsis more easily than those who suppress the expression of emotions, and catharsis might reduce the risk of suicide. However, a finding in one country has few implications for suicidology in general. It is important to replicate research findings from one nation using data from other nations. Many countries have stereotypes about northerners and southerners. To explore this empirically, Pennebaker, Rime, and Blankenship (1996) recruited scholars in 26 countries to administer a self-report measure of emotional expressiveness to college students. In general, students from each nation rated southerners as more emotionally expressive than northerners. The present study was designed to explore whether suicide rates showed a north-south pattern in nations other than Italy. For exploratory purposes, two other phenomena were also examined: (1) the variation in longitude in addition to the variation in latitude and (2) the variation in homicide rates by latitude and longitude. The author has conducted several studies of the regional variation of homicide and suicide rates across the regions of countries. For the present study, the latitude and longitude of each region (county, province, state, etc.) was operationalized as in Lester (1994) by using the latitude and longitude of the regional capitals. The nations studied, together with the reference for the original reports, which studied sociological correlates of the regional homicide and suicide rates but which did not study the correlates with latitude and longitude, are:
Space-time localization using times of arrival

We provide a computationally efficient framework for utilizing Time of Arrival (ToA) sensors to localize multiple events in close proximity in space and time. Conventional ToA-based localization algorithms are typically designed for single events. Na¨ive approaches for associating ToAs with events and then applying a conventional localization algorithm incur complexity exponential in the number of sensors. An alternative approach of hypothesis testing over a space-time grid also has excessive complexity for large deployment regions. We propose an approach that sidesteps such computational bottlenecks by using discretization in time to efficiently generate a list of candidate events (including true as well as “phantom” events), and then employ statistical techniques to refine these estimates and to solve the ToA-to-event matching problem using linear programming on a bipartite graph. The algorithm automatically rejects phantom events and accounts for misses and outliers, providing performance close to that of a genie-based algorithm with ideal knowledge of ToA-to-event matching.
Low bone mineral density and mortality in men and women: the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey linked mortality file.

Purpose The aim of this study is to determine the association of bone mineral density and mortality over a median follow-up of 9 years. Methods The baseline data used are from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), a nationally representative sample of non-institutionalized civilians. A cohort of 5,769 non-Hispanic whites, non-Hispanic blacks, and Mexican Americans aged 50 years and older at baseline (1988–1994) was followed through 2000 for overall mortality using the restricted-use NHANES III Linked Mortality File (1,741 deaths). Total proximal femoral bone mineral density was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry and categorized into quartiles. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the relative risk of death after adjusting for multiple risk factors. Results Compared with subjects in the highest quartile of bone mineral density, those in the lowest quartile had greater risk of death (relative risk, 1.53; 95% confidence interval: 1.08–2.18; P = 0.02). There was no significant interaction of bone mineral density with race or ethnicity. Conclusion Low bone mineral density was associated with increased risk of death.
Logarithmic Sobolev inequality for generalized simple exclusion processes

Let \(\) be a probability measure on the set {0,1, . . .,R} for some R∈ℕ and ΛL a cube of width L in ℤd. Denote by μgcΛL the (grand canonical) product measure on the configuration space on ΛL with \(\) as the marginal measure; here the superscript indicates the grand canonical ensemble. The canonical ensemble, denoted by μcΛL,n, is defined by conditioning μgcΛL given the total number of particles to be n. Consider the exclusion dynamics where each particle performs random walk with rates depending only on the number of particles at the same site. The rates are chosen such that, for every n and L fixed, the measure μcΛL,n is reversible. We prove the logarithmic Sobolev inequality in the sense that ∫flogfdμcΛL,n≤\(\) for any probability density f with respect to μcΛL,n; here the constant is independent of n or L and D denotes the Dirichlet form of the dynamics. The dependence on L is optimal.
The Approach to the Welfare State in Great Britain

BETWEEN the idea and the reality we expect some interval. The welfare state now exists in Great Britain: wvhat prepared the way for it? The term "welfare state" seems almost as new as what it describes-not more, perhaps, than three or four years old. Even the idea behind it is hardly half a century old in England: the idea, that is, that it is the duty of the state to maintain the well-being of all its members by guaranteeing them a minimum of income and services, and insuring them against the hazards of sickness, unemployment, and old age. For such an idea to gain general acceptance there must have been a breaking-down of older ideas of the virtues of independence and thrift, not to speak of a transformation of opinion concerning the functions of the state. The present range of welfare services provided by the state had one forerunner: the Poor Law, which provided, on a local basis under national supervision, a minimum form of existence for paupers. The Poor Law Amendment Act of I834, that curious sequel to the great Reform Act, is, therefore, a logical starting point. The act did not, of course, create the pauper's right to relief: it attempted to limit it. The change of ideas which made possible the approach of the welfare state is the change from the philosophy of the new Poor Law to that of the Beveridge Report, from parish relief to National Assistance.1 The Poor Law Amendment Act aimed to limit the right to relief in two ways. First, outdoor relief was to be replaced by relief given only in a "wellregulated workhouse." Second, the relief given was to be of the most exiguous sort, so as to ensure that the pauper's "situation on the whole shall not be made really or apparently so eligible as the situation of the independent labourer of the lowest class"-the famous principle of less eligibility. This
Crystal Structure of a Complex between Amino and Carboxy Terminal Fragments of mDia1: Insights into Autoinhibition of Diaphanous-Related Formins

Formin proteins direct the nucleation and assembly of linear actin filaments in a variety of cellular processes using their conserved formin homology 2 (FH2) domain. Diaphanous-related formins (DRFs) are effectors of Rho-family GTPases, and in the absence of Rho activation they are maintained in an inactive state by intramolecular interactions between their regulatory N-terminal region and a C-terminal segment referred to as the DAD domain. Although structures are available for the isolated DAD segment in complex with the interacting region in the N-terminus, it remains unclear how this leads to inhibition of actin assembly by the FH2 domain. Here we describe the crystal structure of the N-terminal regulatory region of formin mDia1 in complex with a C-terminal fragment containing both the FH2 and DAD domains. In the crystal structure and in solution, these fragments form a tetrameric complex composed of two interlocking N+C dimers. Formation of the tetramer is likely a consequence of the particular N-terminal construct employed, as we show that a nearly full-length mDia1 protein is dimeric, as are other autoinhibited N+C complexes containing longer N-terminal fragments. The structure provides the first view of the intact C-terminus of a DRF, revealing the relationship of the DAD to the FH2 domain. Delineation of alternative dimeric N+C interactions within the tetramer provides two general models for autoinhibition in intact formins. In both models, engagement of the DAD by the N-terminus is incompatible with actin filament formation on the FH2, and in one model the actin binding surfaces of the FH2 domain are directly blocked by the N-terminus.