cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fusion images and intramembrane particle aggregates during the action of antidiuretic hormone. A rapid-freeze study.

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes the appearance of water-conducting particle aggregates in the luminal membrane of receptor cells in amphibian bladder and skin, and in the mammalian collecting duct. The aggregates originate from cytoplasmic tubules that fuse with the luminal membrane during ADH stimulation. We have studied the process of fusion and the structure of the particle aggregates by a rapid-freeze technique that renders chemical fixation and glycerol protection unnecessary. Our findings differ in some important respects from previously published work. Aggregate particles, in our study, partition equally between the external (EF) and protoplasmic (PF) membrane leaflets, rather than remaining in the protoplasmic leaflet exlcusively. By including the entire population of fusion images in our survey, we have found that aggregate delivery in ADH-treated cells proceeds preferentially from small fusion images whose diameter is significantly less than the 0.12 μm characteristic of the carrier tubules themselves. We have also found that, even in unstimulated preparations, fusion images are numerous, being mostly of small diameter. ADH stimulation produces a moderate increase in the number of fusion images and a significant increase in fusion-image diameter. These findings indicate that the individual particles are mobile within the membrane, lacking interparticle linkage. In addition, contact of cytoplasmic tubules with the luminal membrane may take place even in the absence of ADH, producing small fusion images which are not associated with aggregate delivery to the luminal membrane.
Rationalizing Molecular Design in the Electrodeposition of Anisotropic Lamellar Nanostructures

Previous work has shown that nanoscale lamellar inorganic–organic hybrid materials can be synthesized on transparent conductive substrates via the electrodeposition of Zn(OH)2 in the presence of conjugated surfactants. These surfactants introduce p-type semiconducting supramolecular phases; thus, following conversion of the Zn(OH)2 phase to the n-type semiconductor ZnO, the lamellar hybrids exhibit high photoconductive gains and can exhibit photovoltaic activity. We report here on a family of carboxylated terthiophene-based surfactants designed with systematic modifications to molecular geometry, valency, and flexibility to investigate how these features affect the synthesis of the p-type/n-type semiconducting hybrid materials. We use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and two-dimensional (2D) grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (2D-GIXD) to correlate molecular features of the surfactants with growth and orientation of the nanoscale lamellae that form during electrodeposition on either hydrophilic or hydr...
‘Scarlett Spur Red Delicious’ Apple Volatile Production Accompanying Physiological Disorder Development during Low pO2 Controlled Atmosphere Storage

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruit volatile production is regulated by a variety of factors including low oxygen storage conditions. This study examined the impact of low pO2 controlled atmospheres on 'Scarlett Spur Red Delicious' apple volatile production and disorder development. Accumulation of apple volatile compounds was characterized during long-term cold storage at 0.5 °C in air or low pO2 (0.3, 0.8, or 1.5 kPa) with 1 kPa CO2. Volatile accumulation differed quantitatively with pO2 as acetaldehyde, ethanol, and ethyl ester accumulation increased with decreased pO2 during the first weeks in storage. Differences in volatile accumulation among atmospheres were evident through 6 months. The rate of ethanol accumulation increased with decreased pO2 and could potentially be used to monitor low O2 stress. Incidence of low oxygen disorders after 9 months was highest in fruit held at the lowest pO2. The sesquiterpene α-farnesene was not detected throughout the storage period.
Antenatal Hydronephrosis: Assessment and Management

Antenatal hydronephrosis (ANH) is a common finding on prenatal ultrasound that can be a sign of a variety of urologic conditions. Most cases of ANH are mild to moderate with the most common cause being transient physiologic dilation, which usually is of no clinical significance. However, there are some infants who have a history of ANH (usually severe) who are at increased risk for febrile urinary tract infections, undergo surgical intervention, and develop chronic kidney disease. It is useful to have an understanding of the possible urologic diagnoses that can lead to ANH and it is critical to recognize the patients who have ANH who require urgent or semiurgent evaluation soon after birth by a pediatric urologist and nephrologist. In addition, it is important to select appropriate postnatal imaging studies and to follow-up based on the clinical scenario and to prescribe prophylactic antibiotics to those patients most likely to benefit.
APeptide-triggeredIntein-basedSelf-cleavingNon-chromatographic Purification Tag for Recombinant Protein Purification

Intein-based self-cleaving tags have been widely applied in protein purification for over fifteen years.However,premature cleavage in vivo during expression remains a major concern for this technique,particularly in eukaryotic host systems that have long expression periods.We developed a peptide triggered self-cleaving tag based on an intein and ELP(elastin-like polypeptide) tag.In this system,the intein activity was tightly controlled by the addition of a compatible peptide.During expression in vivo,the intein had no activity without the compatible peptide,while the intein activity could be restored in vitro with the complementary peptide.Through the non-chromatographic ELP tag,the whole purification could be easily performed by several steps of mechanical precipitation.The cleaving conditions,including pH,the ratio between the peptide and the precursor and the cleaving kinetics were also studied here.
Epidemic analysis of syphilis in Xi"an City from 2007-2011

[Objective]To learn epidemic characteristics and development trend of syphilis in Xi'an from 2007-2011,and provide scientific basis for developing prevention plan.[Methods]Syphilis surveillance data in Xi'an from 2007-2011 were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.[Results] ]From 2007 to 2011,5682 cases of syphilis were reported,and the incidences increased from 11.70/100 000 in 2007 to 17.28 /100 000 in 2011.The average growth rate was 12.80% annually.Of all the cases,95.20% were syphilis latent,primary syphilis,and secondary syphilis.Female and male incidences were respectively 14.64 /100 000 and 14.24/100 000,and there was no significant difference(P0.05).The 20-30 years age group and above 50 yeas age group had the highest incidence.76.58% of all cases were housework and unemployed people,farmers,people of other occupations and workers.The main route of transmission was non-marital sexual contact which occupied 61.79% of all reported cases.[Conclusion]Syphilis incidence is increased annually in this city,therefore,effective interventions should be continually adopted to control syphilis prevalence.
THE LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE OF MAMMARY GLAND AND THE CORRELATION OF ITS ACTIVITY TO LACTATION.

The concentration of lipoprotein lipase of guinea pig mammary gland increases markedly just prior to parturition, reaching a maximal level within 2 hr post-partum. This level is maintained until the cessation of suckling, when the enzyme becomes undetectable within 18 hr. Most of the lipoprotein lipase of the mammary gland would appear to be accounted for by that in the retained milk.
Evaluation and reporting requirements of the disability examiner.

This article details the elements of the disability evaluation report. The prototype of this is an evaluation of a person with work-related musculoskeletal system complaints. Although the actual content of the history and physical examination differs for other categories of impairment (e.g., traumatic brain injury) the principles outlined here still pertain.
FRANCE'S POSSESSIONS IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: NEO-COLONIALISM OR DECOLONIZATION?

L'A. porte son attention sur la situation des Antilles Francaises, de la Guyane et de Saint-Pierre-et-Miquelon. Il examine les conditions economiques, administratives qui caracterisent l'organisation de la vie dans ces differentes regions. Il evoque les mouvements culturels et politiques qui, dans les Caraibes, pendant les annees 1930, ont revendique un certain nombre d'ameliorations en matiere de droit local et de politique sociale. Il etudie les changements survenus sur le plan de l'administration des departements et territoires d'outre-mer apres 1945. Il analyse le processus de departemantalisation de Saint-Pierre et Miquelon a partir de 1976
Abstract CT033: Phase 1b study of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor onalespib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with advanced, triple-negative breast cancer (NCT02474173)

Background: Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is a molecular chaperone that is required for proper folding and stabilization of proteins. Client proteins of HSP90 include many mediators of signal transduction known to be over-activated in triple negative breast cancer such as AKT, EGFR, members of RAS/MAPK signaling pathways and androgen receptor. Expression of HSP90 has been found to be upregulated in multiple triple negative breast cancer cell lines and associated with poor outcome of breast cancer patients. In addition, over-expression of HSP90 client proteins such as AKT and c-RAF has been implicated in paclitaxel resistance. Onalespib (AT13387) is a synthetic non-ansamycin small molecule that acts as an inhibitor of HSP90 by binding to the amino terminal of the protein and has dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.71 nM. Materials and Methods: Patients with inoperable or metastatic triple negative or weakly hormone receptor positive breast cancer are treated with onalespib and paclitaxel on days 1, 8, 15 every 28 days. Paclitaxel is given at a standard dose of 80 mg/m2 while the dose of onalespib is gradually increased using standard 3+3 design (see table). In order to assess the effect of each drug on pharmacokinetics of the other drug, onalespib is given on day -7 prior to cycle 1 and skipped on day 1 of cycle 1 during which paclitaxel in administered alone. The primary objective of the study is to determine recommended phase 2 dose and assess the toxicity profile of the combination. The secondary objectives include effect of onalespib on pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel and effect of paclitaxel on pharmacokinetics of onalespib. Overall response rate, response duration and progression-free survival will also be assessed. Conclusion: The study opened to accrual on January 15, 2016 and is currently enrolling the first 3 patients to dose level 1. Citation Format: Robert Wesolowski, Maryam B. Lustberg, Ewa Mrozek, Rachel Layman, Raquel Reinbolt, Ming Poi, Nadia Osman, Andrea Lively, Julie Stephens, Michael Grever, Bhuvaneswari Ramaswamy. Phase 1b study of heat shock protein 90 inhibitor onalespib in combination with paclitaxel in patients with advanced, triple-negative breast cancer (NCT02474173). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr CT033.
Examples of Constraint Theory Applied to Real-World Problems

Chapter 8 presents detailed examples of the application of constraint theory to the areas of operations analysis, kinematics of free-fall weapon delivery systems, and the dynamics of deflecting asteroids with mass drivers.
A Use-Wear Analysis of the Function of Basalt Cylinders

ABSTRACTVesicular basalt cylinders are a common, but somewhat enigmatic, artifact found in the Sinagua area. This study focuses on 55 basalt cylinders recovered during excavations at Lizard Main Village during the summers of 1984, 1985, 1986, and 1988. The comparison of use wear on experimental vesicular basalt cylinders used to work wood, to remove the kernels from dried corn, to smooth a clay disk, and to scrape a ceramic vessel suggests that at least some of the archaeological specimens may have been used in pottery manufacture. This hypothesis is further supported by traces of clay remaining imbedded in many cylinders.
Investing in Professional Development: Building and Sustaining a Viable 4-H Youth Workforce for the Future

Positive youth development outcomes are influenced by a competent, highly trained work force that enjoys their work with young people. The youth work field has struggled with how to keep and motivate front line youth workers given the heavy workloads, low pay, lack of recognition and irregular time demands to compete with family responsibilities. Professional development is a key strategy for retaining and motivating youth workers. A model of professional development called the Western 4-H Institute has been developed and held now for two sessions. Results from participants indicate that this strategy can have a positive influence on job satisfaction, competencies, and retention. In fact, only 10 percent of participants had left during the intervening 5 years, and job satisfaction had increased significantly over time. Organizational loyalty among participants is not high, but with early career professionals, they may still be trying to find their niche. A regional training model has shown itself to be effective in supporting 4-H youth professionals and is building a sustainable workforce for the future.
Self-monitoring, Covert Narcissism, and Sex as Predictors of Self-presentational Activities on Facebook

The popularity of photo sharing on social networking sites has steadily increased in the United States over the last decade. Some research suggests that this increase in photo sharing correlates to an increase in narcissism, or an excessive interest in oneself and one’s physical appearance. This study tested how self-monitoring, narcissism, and gender are related to photo-related activities on Facebook. Results revealed that high self-monitors engaged more often in the self-presentational opportunities on Facebook, including posting their own photographs and liking and commenting on other people’s photos. Similarly, people who scored higher on narcissism were more likely to engage in all those activities as well. However, compared to self-monitoring, narcissism could better explain photo-related activities on Facebook. In addition, sex differences emerged when it came to commenting on friends’ photos.
15 – Mood and creativity in the performing artist

Mood, a state generally lasting much longer than an emotional state, colors experience and influences motivation. It encourages approach or withdrawal behavior and it influences perceptions of self, others, and the task. Evoking a mood during the performance of any work is the performer’s challenge. Mood influences creativity and it also becomes part of the fabric of most works of art. It alters physiological and neurological responses and influences judgment about task difficulty and motivational behavior. Rumination is strongly linked to mood, whether positive or negative. It refers to internally generated thoughts that focus on a single topic despite a lack of external stimulus to activate the cluster of thoughts. Performers often describe rumination as a “critical internal judge.” Mood and rumination are complex variables that influence and inform creativity in the performing arts.
Recent Research and Development Testing Conducted at Ohmsett – The National Oil Spill Response Research and Renewable Energy Test Facility

Abstract 2017-321 The Department of the Interior’s Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) National Oil Spill Response Research and Renewable Energy Test Facility, Ohmsett, plays a cr...
High-Dose Chemotherapy with Stem Cell Rescue in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor: A Single-Institution Experience and Review of the Literature.

Purpose. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare cancer that predominantly affects males averaging 21 years of age at the time of diagnosis. We describe four cases from our institution and place them within the context of a comprehensive review of the literature. Patients and Methods. Study population included any patient who received treatment at Children’s Hospital at Montefiore (CHAM) with histologic diagnosis of DSRCT. A search of the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, and EMBASE for the terms “desmoplastic” AND “small” AND “round” AND “cell” AND “tumor” was performed. Results. One CHAM patient died of disease at 39 months, one patient has relapsed disease at 40 months, and two patients have no evidence of disease at 60 and 91 months. In the literature review, the 3-year OS was 36% and 5-year OS was 13%. There was a statistically significant difference in OS between no transplant and SCT in remission ( ); however, there was no difference between no transplant and SCT not in remission ( ). Conclusion. Given the poor prognosis in DSRCT, this study supports further prospective research into the possible benefit of consolidation of autologous SCT in patients with DSRCT who are in remission, with the alternative inference that these patients in remission may fare well without SCT. Our retrospective review of the literature does not support SCT for patients who are not in remission.
Why proteins in mammalian cells

Producing recombinant mammalian proteins in native or near-native conformation is fundamental to many aspects of biology. Unfortunately, it is also a task whose outcome is extremely unpredictable. A protein that has been shaped over millions of generations of evolution for expression at a level appropriate to a specific cell type or in a particular developmental stage, may be toxic to a new host cell, or become insoluble (among many possible obstacles) when overexpressed in vitro. The object of this volume, "Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells," is to offer guidance for those who wish (or who have been forced by circumstance) to overexpress a mammalian protein in mammalian cells.
Memory Rehabilitation Techniques with Brain-Injured Individuals

Cognitive rehabilitation is the label often used when referring to a variety of techniques that focus on the amelioration and retraining of thinking and memory behaviors following traumatic brain injury (Wood, 1990). The most frequent complaint following brain injury, and to which the bulk of the cognitive rehabilitation literature is addressed, is that of memory disturbance (McGlynn, 1990). The need for effective remedial programs is immense, since estimates run as high as 2 million Americans likely to experience traumatic brain injury each year, with the costs of rehabilitation estimated in billions of dollars annually (Department of Health and Human Services, 1989; National Head Injury Foundation, 1992).
Interchange of L-, Z-, and Bound-Ion-Pair X-Type Ligation on Cadmium Selenide Quantum Belts

Wurtzite CdSe quantum belts (QBs) having Z-type ligation, such as {CdSe[Cd(oleate)2]0.19} QBs, undergo a facile ligation exchange with AX salts (A = R4N, Na; X = OH, Cl, Br, NO3, OBz, OAc) to affor...
Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium Phage LilHazelnut.

ABSTRACT Here, we describe LilHazelnut, a novel mycobacteriophage that infects Mycobacterium smegmatis mc2155. LilHazelnut is a cluster Q phage that shares 99% nucleotide identity with phage Giles, is 53,746 bp in length, and has a G+C content of 67.5%. LilHazelnut is a temperate Siphoviridae virus, as is typical of cluster Q family members.
Prevalence and prognostic value of D-dimer elevation in patients with AL amyloidosis.

Light chain (AL) amyloidosis is a protein folding disorder that can affect many different organ systems, in addition to the coagulation pathway. D-dimer, a measurement of fibrin degradation, is commonly elevated in hematologic malignancies, but the prevalence and significance of D-dimer elevation in AL amyloidosis is unknown. We conducted an analysis of 921 patients with AL amyloidosis that presented to the Boston University Amyloidosis Center. Baseline characteristics and laboratory data of the 897 patients included in the final cohort were analyzed. Four hundred twenty three patients (47%) had an elevated D-dimer (>0.5 μg/mL). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that a normal D-dimer level of ≤0.5 μg/mL, and a level of >0.5 μg/mL but 0.5 but <1, and ≥ 1 μg/mL was 5.86, 4.04, and 2.08 years, respectively (P < .001). This retrospective analysis demonstrates the high prevalence of D-dimer elevation in AL amyloidosis and confirms that this laboratory finding is independently associated with decreased survival.
Effects of classroom experiments on student learning outcomes and attendance

The objective of this study was to investigate the impacts of classroom experiments on students' attendance and learning achievement. Data were collected from undergraduate students in Introductory...
Characterizing Trabecular Bone Properties near the Glenohumeral Joint Following Brachial Plexus Birth Injury

Brachial plexus birth injury (BPBI) causes functional arm impairment in 30-40% of those affected due to altered loading on the glenohumeral joint. While gross morphological osseous deformities have been seen in the humerus and scapula, alterations in the underlying trabecular bone microstructure and mineralization are not clear. Using a murine model of BPBI, trabecular bone alterations were explored in the proximal humerus and distal scapula, which surround the articulating surface of the joint. Samples were scanned using micro-CT, reoriented, and analyzed for standard trabecular metrics. The regions of interest closest to the articulating surface showed the greatest detriments. In the scapula, the scapular neck region showed less robust trabecular bone in the neurectomy group with decreased BV/TV (p=0.001), BMD (p=0.001), Conn.D (p=0.006), Tb.N (p<0.0001), and DA (p=0.033), and increased Tb.Sp (p<0.0001) compared to sham. In the humerus, the epiphysis showed less robust trabecular bone in neurectomy group, but to a much lesser extent than the scapular neck. The neurectomy group showed reduced BMD (p=0.007) and Tb.N (p=0.029) compared to sham. Data suggest deformities are worse near the articulating surface, likely due to the greater amount of mechanical loading. The reduction in trabecular microstructure and mineralization may compromise bone strength of the affected limb following BPBI. Further investigation of the underlying trabecular bone deformities following injury are necessary to eventually inform better treatments to limit the development of deformities.
Noise-driven abnormal institutional investor attention

Market noises can lead to optimistic or pessimistic investor sentiments, which draw additional attention from irrational investors. Hence, when additional investor attention is misallocated on worthless information due to market noises, the consequential trading activities will raise stock mispricing and reduce equity market efficiency. In this research, I find a U-shape relation between stock sentiments and the abnormal stock returns driven by Noise-Based Abnormal Institutional Investor Attention (NBAIA). Specifically, an NBAIA event is more influential and generates a much higher (lower) abnormal return if the stock is associated with more positive (negative) sentiment during the event day. Such stock movements are temporary and are the outcome of interaction between investor attention and stock sentiment.
Political Ethics for Second-Best Actors: The Case of International NGOs

This paper clarifies and develops the concept of "second-best actor," and elucidates its ethical, political, and analytical significance. Recent work on global justice and "non-ideal" political theory frequently describes actors as "second-best": NGOs are second-best providers of public services compared to domestic governments; foreign armies are second-best providers of humanitarian aid compared to domestic emergency services, etc. The intuitive idea is that second-best actors perform functions that some other type of actor could potentially perform better, given basic features of both actors (e.g. NGOs are second-best actors compared to governments because NGOs are less accountable to citizens than domestic governments are). While it is frequently mentioned in passing, the concept of second-best actors has rarely been explored in-depth. I argue, however, that second-best actors raise distinctive ethical and political issues. One such issue is displacement: unlike first-best actors who perform functions that are only needed in very bad situations, e.g. "bomb-diffuser," second-best actors run the risk of displacing first-best actors. Another goal of the paper is to figure out how theorists can be attentive to issues associated with second-best actors (such as displacement), without asserting rigid hierarchies among different types of actors that perform the same function - and in particular, without valorizing nation-states.
Smartphone Based Human Activity Recognition with Feature Selection and Dense Neural Network

For the past few years, smartphone based human activity recognition (HAR) has gained much popularity due to its embedded sensors which have found various applications in healthcare, surveillance, human-device interaction, pattern recognition etc. In this paper, we propose a neural network model to classify human activities, which uses activity-driven hand-crafted features. First, the neighborhood component analysis derived feature selection is used to choose a subset of important features from the available time and frequency domain parameters. Next, a dense neural network consisting of four hidden layers is modeled to classify the input features into different categories. The model is evaluated on publicly available UCI HAR data set consisting of six daily activities; our approach achieved 95.79% classification accuracy. When compared with existing state-of-the-art methods, our proposed model outperformed most other methods while using fewer features, thus showing the importance of proper feature selection.Clinical relevance— This study shows that satisfactory classification accuracy can be obtained for smartphone based HAR systems with properly selected features.
Reconhecimentos, Aprovações e Apreensões: Hayden White em Diálogo com os Franceses

Hayden White’s work has been discussed in France since the 1980s, and White himself has made extensive use of French literature, philosophy, and historiography. White, however, was ambivalent toward a certain French style in philosophy and the social sciences. While admiring scholars such as Foucault and Kristeva, he warned that the way the French document their inquiries and write up their materials does not always coincide with Anglo-American standards.
Effectiveness of Clinical Decision Tools in Predicting Pulmonary Embolism

Objective The Wells criteria and revised Geneva score are two commonly used clinical decision tools (CDTs) developed to assist physicians in determining when computed tomographic angiograms (CTAs) should be performed to evaluate the high index of suspicion for pulmonary embolism (PE). Studies have shown varied accuracy in these CDTs in identifying PE, and we sought to determine their accuracy within our patient population. Methods Patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) who received a CTA for suspected PE from 2019 Jun 1 to 2019 Aug 31 were identified. Two CDTSs, the Wells criteria and revised Geneva score, were calculated based on data available prior to CTA and using the common D-Dimer cutoff of >500 μg/L. We determined the association between confirmed PE and CDT values and determined the association between the D-Dimer result and PE. Results 392 CTAs were identified with 48 (12.1%) positive PE cases. The Wells criteria and revised Geneva score were significantly associated with PE but failed to identify 12.5% and 70.4% of positive PE cases, respectively. Within our cohort, a D-Dimer cutoff of >300 μg/L was significantly associated with PE and captured 95.2% of PE cases. Conclusions Both CDTs were significantly associated with PE but failed to identify PE in a significant number of cases, particularly the revised Geneva score. Alternative D-Dimer cutoffs may provide better accuracy in identifying PE cases.
Dupilumab for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis: An Asian perspective

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Poorly controlled AD can lead to reduced quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial impairment. Dupilumab is the first approved monoclonal antibody targeting type 2 inflammation, for adolescent and adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD. We performed a retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of dupilumab in a cohort of Asian children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD. Clinical response was documented with investigator global assessment (IGA) and eczema area and severity index (EASI) scores. Improvement in QoL was assessed using child dermatology life quality index (CDLQI) or Teenager's quality of life (T-QoL), and caregivers' QoL was assessed using dermatitis family impact (DFI) questionnaire. Twelve patients were recruited, aged between 6 to 18 years of age (mean 13.3 years), with mean duration of AD of 9.8 years. At baseline, the mean IGA score was four and the mean EASI was 48.2. The mean T-QoL and DFI scores at baseline were 18.7 and 19.6, respectively. After 12 to 16 weeks of treatment, the mean IGA score decreased to 2.2. The mean EASI decreased to 19.3 with mean reduction of 28.9. The mean T-QoL decreased to 7.5 with mean reduction of 11.2, and the mean DFI decreased to 8.6 with mean reduction of 11. Adverse events included mild conjunctivitis in two patients and paradoxical head and neck erythema in one patient. Our study supports dupilumab as an effective and safe treatment option for Asian children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD.
Age at Smoking Initiation and Prevalence of Cigarette Use Among Youths in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2014-2017

This cross-sectional study examines age at smoking initiation, prevalence of cigarette use, and prevalence of exposure to smoking-related risk factors among youths in sub-Saharan Africa.
The Inflation-Indexed Bond Puzzle

This paper presents new insights into the dynamics and determinants of arbitrage mispricing in and across seven of the world’s largest and most liquid financial markets. Specifically, this paper analyzes mispricing between nominal and inflation-linked bonds (ILB mispricing) in the G7 government bond markets, and extends the slow moving capital explanation of the persistence of arbitrage mispricing in financial markets. Nominal bonds are “richer” than cash-flow matched inflation-linked bonds on average. The mispricing is stunning in magnitude: aggregate mispricing is in excess of $22 billion on average during the period from July 2004 to September 2011. In the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis, it peaks at $101 billion which represents more than eight percent of the total size of the G7 inflation-linked bond markets. Furthermore, the index-linked nominal bond trade generates positively-skewed risk-adjusted excess returns across all countries. The key new insight for the slow-moving capital theory is that capital available to specific types of arbitrageurs is significantly related to the inflation-linked nominal bond mispricing. Specifically, returns of hedge funds following fixed income strategies strongly predict subsequent changes in ILB mispricing, whereas other hedge fund categories lack statistically significant forecasting power. This paper also presents new insights into the effects of monetary policy on arbitrage mispricing. Specifically, during the 2008 financial crisis, central banks around the world may have exacerbated ILB mispricing through large-scale asset purchase programs.
Spectroscopy of dipolar fermions in layered two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices

Motivated by ongoing measurements at JILA, we calculate the recoil-free spectra of dipolar interacting fermions, for example ultracold heteronuclear molecules, in a one-dimensional lattice of two-dimensional layers or "pancakes," spectroscopically probing transitions between different internal (e.g., rotational) states. We additionally incorporate p-wave interactions and losses, which are important for reactive molecules such as KRb. Moreover, we consider other sources of spectral broadening: interaction-induced quasiparticle lifetimes and the different polarizabilities of the rotational states used for the spectroscopy. Although our main focus is molecules, some of the calculations are also useful for optical lattice atomic clocks. For example, understanding the p-wave shifts between identical fermions and small dipolar interactions coming from the excited clock state is necessary to reach future precision goals. Finally, we consider the spectra in a deep three-dimensional lattice and show how they give a great deal of information about static correlation functions, including all the moments of the density correlations between nearby sites. The range of correlations measurable depends on spectroscopic resolution and the dipole moment.
Lipids, Genes, and Health

How Fat Works . By Philip A. Wood . Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 2006. 263 pp. $35, £21.95, €32.30. ISBN 0-674-01947-4. The author offers an accessible account of fatty acid metabolism and the consequences of disrupting that metabolic balance.
Message or Messenger? Explaining Variation in the Success of Agenda-Setting

Erika Franklin Fowler Assistant Professor Department of Government Wesleyan University 238 Church Street Middletown CT 06459-0019 efowler@wesleyan.edu Travis N. Ridout Associate Professor Department of Political Science Washington State University 816 Johnson Tower, Troy Lane Pullman WA 99164-4880 tnridout@wsu.edu Abstract: Agenda control matters in politics; yet scholars are only beginning to understand how campaigns and news media interact in shaping the agenda during campaigns. Drawing on extensive content data on candidate advertising, local television news, and local newspaper data from several gubernatorial and U.S. Senate campaigns in 2006, we first describe the degree of convergence between candidate and local news media issue agendas. Then, using survey data from the 2006 Cooperative Congressional Election Study matched to the markets for which we have content, we examine the relative influence of the candidate and news media agendas in shaping the public’s agenda. Our findings suggest that candidate and media issue emphasis matter less than high candidate-media overlap in shaping citizen opinions regarding most important issues. Paper prepared for the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, September 2-5, 2010, Washington, D.C.
Time-resolved photoluminescence studies of AlxGa1−xN alloys

The optical properties of AlxGa1−xN alloys with x varied from 0 to 0.35 have been investigated by picosecond time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Our results revealed that while the PL intensity decreases with an increase of Al content, the low-temperature PL decay lifetime increases with Al content. These results can be understood in terms of the effects of tail states in the density of states due to alloy fluctuation in the AlxGa1−xN alloys. The Al-content dependence of the energy-tail-state distribution parameter E0, which is an important parameter for determining optical and electrical properties of the AlGaN alloys, has been obtained experimentally. The PL decay lifetime increases with the localization energy and, consequently, increases with Al content. The implications of our findings to III-nitride optoelectronic device applications are also discussed.
Discovery of antivirals against smallpox

Smallpox, a devastating infectious disease dreaded throughout much of recorded history, is caused by the variola virus, a member of the poxviridae family. In the 20th century alone, smallpox deaths worldwide numbered in the millions. In 1980, after an intensive program of immunization with vaccinia virus, a related but relatively nonpathogenic virus, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the disease eradicated. By 1983, all known stocks of variola virus were in two WHO collaborating centers: the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta and (after a transfer in 1994) the Russian State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology (the Vektor Institute) in Novosibirsk. The WHO Committee on Orthopoxvirus Infections voted on several occasions to recommend destruction of the stocks, but each time the decision was deferred to permit more research on live variola virus. A 1999 National Academies report summarized and assessed scientific needs for live variola virus (1). The concern that undeclared stocks of variola virus might exist and that they might be used as a bioterrorist weapon (2) was heightened in late 2001 by the deliberate release of Bacillus anthracis , the agent of anthrax, in the weeks after the September 11, 2001, attacks. That concern prompted a voluntary national-preparedness effort to vaccinate healthcare workers, first responders, and members of the military against smallpox. However, given the substantial side effects, the risks associated with the smallpox vaccine, and the absence of information about an imminent bioterrorist attack, vaccination was not accepted by all members of those groups, nor was it recommended for the general public by the government (3). Whatever the likelihood of covertly held variola virus stocks, an intentional release of the virus would pose a serious health threat and would probably provoke a …
Detecting changes in maps of gamma spectra with Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests

Abstract Various security, regulatory, and consequence management agencies are interested in continuously monitoring wide areas for unexpected changes in radioactivity. Existing detection systems are designed to search for radioactive sources but are not suited to repeat mapping and change detection. Using a set of daily spectral observations collected at the Pickle Research Campus, we improved on the prior Spectral Comparison Ratio Anomaly Mapping ( scram ) algorithm and developed a new method based on two-sample Kolmogorov–Smirnov tests to detect sudden spectral changes. We also designed simulations and visualizations of statistical power to compare methods and guide deployment scenarios.
Cigarette smoking and voice fundamental frequency.

Abstract The effects of long-term cigarette smoking were examined in a series of phonatory tasks. The results indicated that a significant difference existed between the fundamental frequency of the male smokers and the male nonsmokers in the oral reading and spontaneous speech tasks. Differences between the ƒ 0 values of the female smokers and nonsmokers in these tasks were not significant, but the same trends were noted. Results of the ƒ 0 analysis of the sustained vowel phonations were not significant, but showed the same trend; that is, the smokers had lower fundamental frequency values than the nonsmokers.
Postbuckling of laminated flat and curved panels under combined thermal and mechanical loadings

The static postbuckling of simply-supported, symmetrically laminated composite and single-layered flat and doubly-curved shallow panels, subjected to both a stationary non-uniform temperature field and a system of mechanical loadings is investigated. A number of non-classical effects related to the transverse shear flexibility of constituent materials, the unavoidable initial geometric imperfections and the character of tangential boundary conditions are considered and pertinent conclusions about their role on the postbuckling response are emphasized. Throughout the paper the results based upon a higher-order theory are compared with their first order shear deformable and classical counterparts, and conclusions related to their range of applicability are outlined.
Development of Cat-301 immunoreactivity in auditory brainstem nuclei of the gerbil

The developing brainstem auditory system has been studied in detail by using anatomical and physiological techniques. However, it is not known whether immature auditory neurons exhibit different molecular characteristics than those of physiologically mature neurons. To address this issue, we examined the distribution of Cat-301 immunoreactivity in the developing auditory brainstem of gerbils. Cat-301 is a monoclonal antibody that recognizes a 680-kD chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan similar to aggrecan, a high-molecular-weight chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan found in cartilage. In the central nervous system, Cat-301 immunoreactivity is localized to the extrasynaptic surface of neurons. It has been hypothesized by Hockfield and co-workers (Hockfield et al. [1990a]Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quart. Biol. 55:504-514) that the Cat-301 proteoglycan is a molecular marker indicating that a neuron has acquired mature neuronal properties. In the current study, Cat-301 staining is first seen at 7 days after birth in the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), the posterior VCN (PVCN), and the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) shortly before the onset of sound-evoked activity. By 21 days after birth, neurons in the AVCN, the PVCN, and the lateral and medial superior olive have attained adult-like distributions of Cat-301 staining concomitant with the physiological maturation of these neurons. Neurons in MNTB attain adult-like distributions of Cat-301 immunoreactivity at 1 year. The maturation of Cat-301 immunoreactivity parallels the physiological maturation of gerbil auditory neurons, and the Cat-301 proteoglycan may play a role in the formation and/or stabilization of auditory synapses.
A comparison of slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus) populations in arctic lakes with and without piscivorous predators

Arctic slimy sculpin were sampled by passive trapping in lakes containing the predators lake trout and burbot (LT lakes), and lakes lacking sculpin predators (NoLT lakes). Sculpin food abundance (chironomid biomass) from the rocky littoral zone was compared with that from the deep water sediment zone. Distribution, size, growth, age, condition and relative abundance of sculpin were examined.
Suppression of lymphocyte proliferation through the nitric oxide synthesizing pathway.

Abstract The amino acid l -arginine can be metabolized through a nitric oxide-synthesizing pathway (NOSP) to produce l -citrulline and reactive nitrogen intermediates. Among these nitrogen intermediates, NO has been implicated as the mediator of a variety of biological effects including vasodilatation, inhibition of platelet aggregation, tumor cytotoxicity and microbiostasis by activated macrophages and generalized suppression of macrophage functions. Work reported here demonstrated that the NOSP is expressed in Con A-stimulated rat splenic cell (SC) cultures and is associated with a profound suppression of lymphocyte proliferation. Inhibition of the NOSP by NG-monomethyl- l -arginine (N-MMA) or binding of its products by hemoglobin, either free in solution or contained in RBC, markedly promotes rat SC mitogenic response to Con A. Mouse SC do not express the NOSP under the conditions used in these experiments. Consequently, their mitogenic response to Con A is not affected by N-MMA or hemoglobin. These data confirm and expand the apparent role of NO as a regulator of immune responses while indicating potentially important species differences.
On Timoshenko-like modeling of initially curved and twisted composite beams

Abstract A generalized, finite-element-based, cross-sectional analysis for nonhomogenous, initially curved and twisted, anistropic beams is formulated from geometrically nonlinear, three-dimensional (3-D) elasticity. The 3-D strain field is formulated based on the concept of decomposition of the rotation tensor and is given in terms of one-dimensional (1-D) generalized strains and a 3-D warping displacement that is obtained from the formulation, not assumed. The warping is found in terms of the 1-D strains via the variational asymptotic method (VAM). In this paper a Timoshenko-like model is presupposed for a beam with cross-sectional characteristic length h, wavelength of deformation given by l, and the magnitude of the radius of initial curvature and/or twist is taken to be of the order R. First, a solution for the asymptotically correct refinement of classical anisotropic beam theory for initially curved and twisted beams through O(h2/R2) is obtained. Next, the O(h2/l2) correction is computed. It is known that Timoshenko-like theory is not capable of capturing all the O(h2/l2) corrections for generally anisotropic beams. However, if all the O(h2/l2) terms are known, then the corresponding Timoshenko-like theory is uniquely defined. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the trends of the various classical (extension-twist, bending-twist, and extension-bending) and nonclassical couplings (extension-shear, bending-shear, and shear-torsion) as the initial twist and curvatures are varied.
Evaluation of a Theory-based Nutrition Intervention for Older Adults With Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract Objective To evaluate an intervention to improve food label knowledge and skills in diabetes management among older adults with diabetes mellitus. Design A randomized pretest-posttest control group design was used. Subjects/setting Participants (48 experimental, 50 control) were aged 65 years and older with type 2 diabetes for 1 year or longer; 93 participants (95%) completed the study, conducted in an outpatient setting. Intervention The intervention included 10 weekly group sessions led by a dietitian. Information processing, learning theory, and Social Cognitive Theory principles were used in program development and evaluation. Main outcome measures Participants' knowledge, outcome expectations (expected results of behavior), self-efficacy, and decision-making skills were assessed. Instrument validity and reliability were established before program evaluation. Statistical analyses performed Factor analysis identified underlying factor structures. Analysis of covariance with pretest score as covariate was used to compare groups at posttest. Paired t tests compared results within groups. Results Two factors were identified for outcome expectations (positive and negative) and for self-efficacy (promoters of and barriers to diabetes management). The experimental group had greater improvement in total knowledge scores (mean±standard error of the mean: 7.8±0.7) than the control group (0.2±0.7) ( P P =.01), promoters of diabetes management (0.83±0.12 vs −0.09±0.18, P P P Applications/conclusions Older adults with diabetes can benefit from nutrition education designed to improve knowledge and skills necessary for diabetes management. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002;102:1069–1074,1079–1081 .
Influence of modified atmosphere packaging on growth of Clostridium perfringens in cooked turkey

Clostridium perfringens containing samples of sterile ground turkey were studied to assess growth under modified atmosphere conditions. Samples were packaged under various atmospheres (CO 2 /O 2 /N 2 : 75/5/20, 75/10/15, 75/20/5, 25/20/55, 50/20/30), stored at 4, 15 and 28C, and sampled periodically for growth. Diluted samples were plated on Shahidi Ferguson perfringens agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Ml) to determine vegetative cell counts. Temperature abuse (cyclic and static) of the turkey product was also investigated. The results showed that the growth of C. perfringens was slowest under 25-50 % CO 2 /20% O 2 /balance N 2 at 15 and 28C. There was no growth at 4C for up to 28 days. Temperature abuse (28C storage) of refrigerated products for 8 h did not permit C. perfringens growth. Use of 25-50% CO 2 /20% O 2 /balance N 2 may extend the shelf-life of turkey, but in the absence of proper refrigeration, it cannot be relied upon to eliminate the risk of C. perfringens food poisoning.