cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Theoretical and Numerical Development of the Concept of the Active Control Foil Bearing (ACFB)

The authors of the present paper envisage far reaching applications of the foil bearing technology when merged with the concept of active control. Thus, this paper proposes and presents a comprehensive procedure for feedback control design for an active foil bearing. Two types of controllers are introduced, and discussed: i) the active feedback control for online adjustment, and ii) the supervisory control for anticipatory event management. A numerical procedure to simulate the steady state and transient dynamics of a foil bearing was also presented.Successful introduction of such a new type of bearing will allow: (a) tolerance and ‘on-line’ adaptation to large time-dependent distortions and misalignment, (b) continuous adjustment for enhanced stability and resilience to high speed rubs, (c) reduced wear and power loss, (d) relative immunity from foreign object damage (FOD), (e) high load capacity due to thicker film lubricant, (f) lighter weight and reduced spatial envelope over active magnetic bearings, and (g) inherent stability without feedback control as compared with the magnetic bearing which has no stable equilibrium without feedback.Copyright © 1995 by ASME
Synthesis of the Cyclohexane Core of Phomactins and a New Route to the Bicyclo[9.3.1]pentadecane Diterpenoid Skeleton

Conjugate reduction of an enone accompanied by in situ intramolecular aldol condensation was used to construct the tetrasubstituted cyclohexane nucleus of phomactins. Subsequent relay ring-closing metathesis completed the nine-membered ansa bridge of the diterpenoid framework.
GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SELECTION IN GASTEROSTEUS ACULEATUS L. IN THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST, AMERICA.

Ecological geneticists are giving considerable attention to the study of selection in natural populations, its intensity, and what it is capable of doing. Such studies have begun to tell us something about the variation found in natural populations, and how they may adjust to the demands of the prevailing environment. However, these studies have largely been confined to the invertebrates (review in Ford, 1964; Lewontin, 1967; Spiess, 1968; Sheppard, 1969). There is a need for comparative material, and the threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.) among vertebrates seems to be unusually favorable. Freshwater populations of G. aculeatus are exceedingly variable, and Miller and Hubbs (1969) argued that nearly all the variation is a consequence of introgression between leiurus (freshwater populations) and trackurus (marine populations). But it has become increasingly clear that introgression cannot account for much of the variation in ieiurus (Hagen, 1967; McPhail, 1969; Hagen and McPhail, 1970; Moodie, in press). G. aculeatus is well suited to studies in ecological genetics for its ecology and breeding behavior are easily observed and investigated in the wild. It is unusually abundant, withstands handling and marking very well, and is easily kept and reared in captivity. Its small size facilitates rearing and experimental work in the laboratory, and generation time is relatively short, such that about two generations can be obtained a year. A genetical basis for the more variable traits has been established (Hagen, 1967; McPhail, 1969), and the genetics of several of these (lateral plate number, plate morphs, and gill rakers) is reasonably well known (Hagen, MS; McPhail, unpub. data). Moreover, there is an extensive literature on reproduction, physiology, and life history providing the necessary background (for references see Heuts, 1947; Iersel, 1953; Greenbank and Nelson, 1959; Mullen and Vlugt, 1964; Baggerman, 1966; Assem, 1967). This report is a preliminary investigation of geographic variation in permanent freshwater populations of G. aculeatus, excluding the marine trachurus. The study seeks to establish correlations of phenotype with environmental variables, where they exist, applying the techniques so profitably exploited by ecological geneticists. The importance of introgression as a cause of the variation in leiurus is considered since the data are also relevant to this question.
Ownership Neutrality, Ownership Distortions, and International Tax Welfare Benchmarks

The literature analyzing the efficiency consequences of international tax policy has for many years emphasized the impact of a nation's tax laws on the location of capital (either in saving or in investment). By contrast, Mihir Desai and James Hines have recently suggested that policy analysis should take greater account of the efficiency consequences of ownership. Desai and Hines have put forward capital ownership neutrality (CON), as a benchmark that promotes global efficiency (from an ownership perspective), and national ownership neutrality (NON), as a benchmark that promotes national welfare (from an ownership perspective). This paper analyzes the empirical and theoretical arguments for adopting international tax welfare benchmarks that are keyed to ownership distortions. It concludes that existing empirical evidence does not provide a good indication of the magnitude of ownership distortions,as compared to locational distortions. The paper's chief theoretical contribution is to describe the many tax and non-tax features of the global economy that can lead to ownership distortions. Because distortions arise in many ways that have nothing to do with the manner of double tax relief,it is not possible to make theoretical efficiency claims (at either the global or national level) based merely on modification to methods of double tax relief. Thus CON and NON do not necessarily promote global and national welfare (from an ownership perspective). Ownership distortions should play an important role in the setting of international tax policy. Determining actual policy prescriptions,however, requiresfurther theoretical and empirical investigation of the complicated interaction of locational and ownership distortions.
The Roberts Court and the Technicalization of Correctional Law

ABSTRACTThere is minimum scholarship on the sentencing and corrections decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court under the leadership of Chief Justice John Roberts, and few analyses of the relationship of this jurisprudence to historical developments in correctional law. This study examines 63 such decisions rendered during the 2006 to 2013 terms. Results indicate a concentration of rulings in the areas of sentencing and habeas, and a majority of decisions focused on technical matters of substance and procedure rather than substantive constitutional concerns; only four milestone substantive constitutional decisions were identified. A large proportion of rulings were sharply divided, and more than one half favored convicted parties. Findings are interpreted using Weber’s conception of the formal rationalization of law and in terms of ideological legitimacy of the Court. The technicalization trend is conceptualized as an extension and sustaining force of the Rehnquist Court’s conservative deferentialism, an ongoi...
Thermal Deformation Analysis of an Aluminum Alloy Utilizing 3D DIC

The thermally induced behavior of a 6000 series Aluminum Alloy is investigated in this study. The objective of this experiment is to replicate the deformation and the heating cycles a sheet of the Aluminum Alloy is subjected to during production. Various surface strains are achieved by introducing the sample geometries to different loading conditions. Axial strains are induced in thin flat dogbone specimens via static tension tests with varying displacement. In addition, bending strains are generated in thin flat rectangular specimens via a three point bend test with varying punch radii. The specimens are then placed in a furnace with a heat cycle that ranges from 130 to 190 °C. Three dimensional digital image correlation is used to measure the surface strain during the initial deformation and heating cycle for all experiments. The resulting surface strain and temperature data is used to investigate the effect of temperature and initial strain on the permanent thermally-induced strain from the heating cycle.
La Science de la Culture et la “Liberié Du Rêve”

(2009). La Science de la Culture et la “Liberie Du Reve”. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 60-72.
Intersectional Inquiries with LGBTQ and Gender Nonconforming Youth of Color: Participatory Research on Discipline Disparities at the Race/Sexuality/Gender Nexus

In this chapter, Chmielewski and colleagues present findings from a multi-method, collaborative research project examining the disproportionate rates and consequences of school discipline for LGBTQ youth of color at the intersection of race, gender and sexuality. Using both survey and focus group data with LGBTQ youth of color in New York City public schools, they document the ways in which these students are marginalized through overt discrimination in school discipline practices as well as a more subtle, yet insidious policing of their gender and sexuality. Based on those findings, the authors discuss the psychological impacts for LGBTQ youth as they negotiate these hostile environments and offer interventions based on their wisdom and insights.
Active rectifier system using three-phase unfolder and series resonant converters controlled in synchronous rotating frame

Power-bidirectional converters are used to integrate energy storage with both dc and ac distribution grids. A modular converter system with two series resonant converters (SRC) and a three-phase unfolder offers both dc-dc and dc-ac conversion capabilities. This paper proposes a system controller operating in synchronous rotating frame to achieve regulation of both active and reactive ac powers. The controller is designed based on linear quadratic regulator to ensure stability and performance robustness to variation in grid inductance. Steady-state and transient simulation results are provided for a 10-kVA system. Preliminary experimental results are provided for a scale 1-kVA hardware prototype and verify the proposed control approach.
Direct Incorporation of Functional Peptides into M-DNA through Ligand-to-Metal Charge Transfer

Conventional nonviral gene delivery methods suffer from the toxicity of the cationic nature of polymeric carriers. There is a significant need for a new method of gene delivery that overcomes the limitations and allows targeted gene delivery. In this study, we have developed a new method to incorporate functional peptides into DNA without the need for chemical conjugations by utilizing a ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) transition, which occurs between divalent metal ions and the sulfhydryl group in cysteine. To apply the LMCT transition to the incorporation of cysteine-containing targeting peptides into DNA, divalent metal ions must be first introduced to DNA. Zn2+ ions spontaneously intercalate into the DNA base pairs in the pH range of 7.0–8.5, resulting in the conversion of normal B-DNA to metal-bound DNA (M-DNA). We found that the Zn2+ ions present in M-DNA could interact with the sulfhydryl groups in cysteines of targeting peptides through the LMCT transition, and the M-DNA/peptide complex cou...
Polarity and Charge as Determinants for Translocase Requirement for Membrane Protein Insertion

Membrane protein biogenesis in bacteria is a well-studied but poorly understood area in the field of membrane proteins. In bacteria, the Sec translocon and the YidC insertase promote the membrane insertion process. Both proteins are essential, and universally conserved, and together insert about 95% of the proteins in E.coli. Membrane insertion of SecYEG-dependent proteins likely occurs at the lateral gate of SecY, the channel-forming subunit of the bacterial Sec translocon. On the other hand, YidC catalyzes insertion by possessing a hydrophilic groove, which can accommodate the hydrophilic region of the substrate that inserts across the membrane. Recently, Soman et al (2014) have reported that increasing the charge of the translocated region of procoat can route substrates from the YidC pathway into the Sec pathway. Here, we have further tested this polarity/charge hypothesis by showing that the major coat protein of bacteriophage M13 can become increasingly YidC/Sec dependent by making the periplasmic loop highly polar in the absence of charged residues. We also show that adding hydrophobic amino acids to highly polar or charged loop can decrease the Sec-dependence of the otherwise strictly Sec-dependent substrates. Additionally we demonstrate that increasing the driving force of insertion by adding four leucyl residues to the transmembrane segment leads to translocation of a highly charged region that was not inserted by native TM segment. Finally, we show that the length of procoat loop is a determinant for Sec dependent insertion. The combined results support the polarity/charge hypothesis and is consistent with the notion that membrane insertion occurs at the interface of SecYEG and YidC.
CARDIAC-TROPONIN C: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CA 2+ -BINDING AND FORCE DEVELOPMENT

This chapter describes the relationship between Ca 2+ binding and force in bovine ventricular muscle bundles. The contractile process in striated muscle is activated by the binding of Ca 2+ to troponin-C . Skeletal troponin-C (TNC) has four Ca 2+ binding sites and two are high affinity sites, which can also bind Mg 2+ , and two have a lower binding affinity but are specific for Ca 2+ . There is an evidence that activation of cross-bridge cycling is coupled to the titration of the Ca 2+ sites. Cardiac TNC is similar to skeletal TNC except that one of the Ca 2+ sites is missing. Based on a comparison of the Ca 2+ saturation curve of isolated troponin complex and the Ca 2+ dependence of myofibrillar ATPase activity, it is concluded that contraction of cardiac muscle is initiated by the binding of Ca 2+ to the single Ca 2+ -specific site of TNC. Ca 2+ binding was measured by means of a double isotope technique, with 3 H-glucose serving as a marker for solvent space. It is found that bound Ca 2+ was calculated from a comparison of the 45 Ca/ 3 H ratios in the fiber bundle and contraction solution.
Parental depressive symptoms as a predictor of outcome in the treatment of child depression

Child depression is an impairing condition for which psychotherapies have shown modest effects. Parental depression is a risk factor for development of child depression and might also be negatively associated with child depression treatment outcomes. To explore this possibility, we analyzed data from a study in which children were treated for depression after parental depressive symptoms had been assessed at baseline. Among children treated for depression in a randomized controlled trial, we identified 31 who had child- and parent-report pre- and post-treatment data on child symptoms and parent-report of pre-treatment parental depressive symptoms. Children were aged 8-13, 77% boys, and 52% Caucasian, 13% African-American, 6% Latino, and 29% multi-racial. Analyses focused on differences in trajectories of change (across weekly measurements), and post-treatment symptoms among children whose parents did (n = 12) versus did not (n = 19) have elevated depressive symptoms at baseline. Growth curve analyses showed markedly different trajectories of change for the two groups, by both child-report (p = 0.03) and parent-report (p = 0.03) measures: children of parents with less severe depression showed steep symptom declines, but children of parents with more severe depression showed flat trajectories with little change in symptoms over time. ANCOVAs showed lower post-treatment child symptoms for children of parents with less severe depression versus parents with more severe depression (p = 0.05 by child report, p = 0.01 by parent report). Parental depressive symptoms predict child symptom trajectories and poorer child treatment response, and may need to be addressed in treatment.
Temperamental Anger and Effortful Control, Teacher-Child Conflict, and Externalizing Behavior Across the Elementary School Years.

This study examined teacher–child conflict as a possible mediator of the effects of temperamental anger and effortful control on subsequent externalizing behavior. Reciprocal influences between teacher–child conflict and externalizing behavior were also examined. Participants were 1,152 children (49% female; 81.6% non-Hispanic White) from the Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Multivariate growth curve modeling revealed that greater effortful control at age 54 months indirectly predicted lower levels of, and subsequent changes in, externalizing behavior from kindergarten to Grade 6 through reduced teacher–child conflict. An alternative model, in which greater effortful control predicted lower teacher–child conflict through lower externalizing behavior, received less support. Within persons, greater-than-expected teacher–child conflict predicted greater-than-expected teacher-reported externalizing behavior concurrently and over time.
Tumor volume as a predictor of survival in T3 glottic carcinoma: A novel approach to patient selection.

Abstract Background The optimal treatment for T3 glottic cancers continues to be debated. Organ preservation has become the standard of care, but not all tumors respond equally. The purpose of this was to investigate the long-term survival outcomes of organ preservation protocols based on tumor volume. Methods A retrospective review of prospectively collected data from 1966 to 2016 was performed. Patients with T3 vocal cord cancer treated with radiation therapy (RT) at the University of Florida were included. Local control rates as well as survival rates were determined with a Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analysis. Survival was analyzed as a function of tumor volume and an optimal cut point was determined. Results 107/234 patients were included. 79% received RT and 21% chemo-RT. 5-year local control was 61.5% and 5-year disease specific survival was 79.3%. Tumor volume was a significant predictor of survival (p = 0.007). An optimal cut point for tumor volume was 2.5 cc. Patients with tumor volumes ≥2.5 cc had significantly worse (p Conclusion Tumor volume is a significant predictor of survival outcomes in T3 vocal cord cancers, but will need external validation. Tumors
Some Principles of Ethnogeography

Geography is a belief-system. This says nothing about the truth of its statements. True or false, they are believed in.
Community Colleges: The Original Higher Education Disrupter

Technology is the defining force of our time. The ubiquitous 1's and 0's of coding, the pinpricks of data collected as images on our screen, provide an unprecedented facility for communicating, con...
Pushing for health equity through structural competency and implicit bias education: A qualitative evaluation of a racial/ethnic health disparities elective course for pharmacy learners.

Abstract Background and purpose Health equity attainment requires dismantling implicit bias and structural racism. Mitigating bias in clinical interventions and implementing structural interventions to impact where people live, work, play, and eat fosters optimal patient outcomes. Consequently, pharmacy students need exposure to these concepts. The objective of this project was to evaluate an elective course focused on exposing students to the root causes of health disparities, contemporary factors that perpetuate disparities, and evidence-based policies to reduce health disparities. Educational activity and setting This three-credit course emphasized critical thinking, robust discussions, and learning challenging constructs through self-discovery. Nine second-year and third-year learners were assessed by short-answer exams, learning management system discussion threads, weekly reflections, participation, and a class project. A qualitative descriptive design was used for this study. Weekly reflections were subjected to thematic analysis using a constant comparative analysis method to generate themes. Findings Five themes were derived from the data underlying strategies to facilitate this course: (1) create and maintain a welcoming and inclusive learning environment; (2) utilize experiential learning for personal awareness development and knowledge expansion; (3) incorporate intergroup diversity to empower learners to create change; (4) anticipate and acknowledge emotions to facilitate learning; and (5) provide students with an opportunity to complete a final self-reflection paper. Summary This course provided pharmacy learners with unique, differential skill sets and knowledge, potentially adding depth to their careers and impacting the way they will practice pharmacy.
The Extended Family System in the Black Community: A Child-Centered Model for Adoption Policy

Recent controversial cases have renewed debates about adoption and its effect on family relationships and definitions. Part of the controversy stems from adoption policy that mandates severing birth-family ties as a prerequisite to establishing adoptive-family ties, a policy which forces courts to choose between competing adults with different, yet valuable, claims. The issues engendered by this choice requirement are not new. Scholars and other interested persons have called for changes in adoption policy for the past forty years. Similarly, they have called for re-evaluations of legal concepts that utilize the nuclear family as the model for family law policy.Terminating the legal relationship between the birth family and the child, and creating a legal relationship between the child and the adoptive family, does not alter the fact that adopted children remain genetically, and often psychologically and emotionally, connected to their birth families. Not all adoptive children experience the connection to their birth families in the same way. Some experience little or no connection, while others experience a significant one. The remainder fall somewhere on the continuum between these poles. Regardless of the extent to which particular adoptive children value their connection to their birth families, the fact remains that a connection exists.In this article, I propose a child-centered adoption policy that acknowledges adopted children's place in a complex family structure that includes their adoptive and birth parents and their relatives, thus avoiding the inadequacies of existing policy regarding adopted children's adoptive and birth relationships. This article looks to the child rearing aspects of the extended family system in the Black community as a model of how a complex family structure operates. Under the child-centered policy proposed in this article, the law should facilitate adopted children's connection with both their adoptive and birth kin by (1) permitting emancipated adopted children access to their full adoption records without any prerequisites; (2) enforcing post-adoption contact agreements between adoptive and birth parents; and (3) permitting minor adopted children to contact their birth kin upon showing that the contact will serve the adopted children's best interests.
Applying the Lens of Transnational Advocacy Networks to Human Rights Litigation

“Transnational advocacy networks” as defined by Keck and Sikkink help diffuse international human rights norms and thereby change the behavior of states. Abolition of the death penalty and protection of LGBT rights are in a process of norm emergence, and global networks of non-governmental organizations and activists are creating alliances across borders and partnering with organizations on the ground to diffuse these norms. One type of transnational advocacy network involves lawyers in transnational litigation networks, who seek to bring strategic human rights cases with the purpose of building a global body of transnational jurisprudence. Organizations such as the London-based Death Penalty Project and Human Dignity Trust have embraced a transnational litigation strategy to ensure state compliance and generate an international consensus to abolish the mandatory death penalty and anti-sodomy laws in the Commonwealth.
Interleukin-17 and TH17 Pathway Supports Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia Cell-Growth: Potential Therapeutic Implications

Abstract Abstract 446 Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), similar to multiple myeloma (MM), is associated with immune dysfunction. Both T and B cell dysfunctions are reported with suppressed uninvolved immunoglobulin, and inadequate vaccine and T cell responses. Although some mechanisms mediating immune dysregulation in WM have been studied, its molecular and cellular basis remains ill defined. Similarly, number of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines has been implicated in this process, but their effect on WM cell growth and immune function has not been well characterized. Recently, TH17 cells, a new CD4 cell population, has been identified by the presence of IL-17. TH17 cells play an important role in auto-immunity and in the development of anti-tumor immunity. As TH17 cells support MM cell growth and induce immune dysfunction in MM, we have evaluated the the role of TH17 cells and associated pro-inflammatory cytokines in WM. We first analyzed T helper cell subsets (TH1, TH2, and TH17) in freshly isolated PBMC from WM, and observed that all three cell types were decreased in WM compared with normal donors. Particularly, the IFN-γ producing TH1 cells from patients with WM were significantly reduced compared to normal donors (11±2% vs 30±3% respectively, P Disclosures: Treon: Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Genentech BiOncology, Biogen IDEC, Celgene, Novartis, Cephalon: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Celgene Corporation: Research Funding; Novartis Corporation: Research Funding; Genentech: Consultancy, Research Funding. Munshi: Millennium Pharmaceuticals: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau.
Validating a Safe Built Environment in High Risk Areas Using Air Sampling Methodologies

Background Construction inside of a hospital environment creates risks by increasing the amount of airborne mold in the environment, posing significant health risks to immunocompromised patient populations. Despite implementing construction risk control measures, the completed built environment may have built environment issues that could allow for mold contamination in the high risk patient area. During hospital expansion construction a new OR region and new Stem Cell Transplant unit were built. Prior to opening these new areas, IPC created an extensive air sampling plan utilizing two air sampling methodologies as due diligence to assure a safe built environment for future high risk patient use. Methods An air sampling protocol was developed for the two high risk built environments. Particulate and viable air samples were collected by a third party and sent for lab processing. All results were reviewed by IPC; any mold growth was considered a failed test. Results Air sample results were reviewed by IPC. Following multiple iterations of failed testing, problem solving and retesting, significant issues with the built environment were identified; in the OR, air balance issues and window installation; in the stem cell unit, a penetration in HEPA filter bank, air balance issues and a patio overlook door with significant air leaks. Once all issues were corrected and final air samples were negative for mold, the built environment was considered safe for patient use. Conclusions Presence of mold can create major patient safety risks if not identified and corrected prior to operational use. Conducting targeted and intentional air sampling in these environments can be a reliable mechanism to identify and correct prior to any patient impact. The air sampling methodologies described here in as an important step in ensuring a new built high risk environment is safe and ready for patients.
Why are world religions so concerned with sexual behavior

Many religions emphasize the importance of sexual morality. This article argues mating strategies are central to understanding religion. I highlight the reproductive-religiosity model, which suggests that religious behavior is partly motivated by preferences for restricted mating strategies. I then discuss how religion can lead to reproductive benefits. Specifically, religions can make parenting a relatively safer strategy by increasing paternal certainty, which drives men toward parental investment, and alloparenting, which reduces offspring mortality rates. Next, I discuss the social implications of reproductive-religiosity, including mate selection and trust. Finally, I discuss the potential role of mating strategies in the evolution and cultural evolution of religion and discuss future directions for developing an approach to religion rooted in mating interests.
Why Positive Duties cannot Be Derived from Kant’s Formula of Universal Law

Ever since Hegel famously objected to Kant’s universalization formulations of the Categorical Imperative on the grounds that they are nothing but an empty formalism, there has been continual debate about whether he was right. In this paper I argue that Hegel got things at least half-right: I argue that even if negative duties can be derived from the universalization formulations, positive duties cannot. The paper is divided into three main sections. In the first, I set out the procedures generally accepted among Kantians for deriving positive duties from the universalization formulations. In the second, I set out the arguments from section 1 in more detail and explain why they do not work. In the third, I examine a strategy that might be used to supplement the arguments from section 2 and I argue that it goes the same way.
Focused Limited-Diffraction Beams for Ultrasound Therapy Applications

Limited-diffraction beams (LDBs) such as Bessel beams and X waves have been studied since late 1980s and early 1990s respectively. These beams have a large depth of field and were applied mainly for medical imaging. (For example, LDBs can maintain a narrow -6-dB beam width of about 2.54 mm in water from the surface of the transducer to more than 200 mm depth at a frequency of 2.5 MHz.) In these applications, LDBs were not focused in order to have a large depth of field. In this paper, both focused zeroth-order and higher-order LDBs were studied for ultrasound therapy applications. The advantage of using focused LDBs is that their focal areas and shapes can be systematically controlled to treat tumors of various sizes. In the study, Bessel beams of 2.5 MHz were produced with a 50 mm diameter transducer. The Bessel beams were focused at 50 mm depth and the sizes and shapes of the focal areas were controlled by the scaling parameter and the order of the Bessel beams. To increase the total transmitting power and reduce the number of elements of the transducer needed to produce the Bessel beams, the amplitudes of the lobes of the Bessel beams can be quantized at the surface of the transducer. Results show that with the focused Bessel beams, the sizes of the focal areas increase with the increase of the Bessel scaling parameter, and higher-order Bessel beams produce a perforated focus area.
Tratamiento quirúrgico de disección de aorta torácica ascendente en sindrome de marfán.

Se presentan 5 casos consecutivos de pacientes con Sindrome de Marfan y diseccion de aorta toracica ascendente, quienes fueron tratados quirurgicamente con reemplazo de raiz aortica (operacion modificada de Bentall). Todos los pacientes tuvieron plena recuperacion y al seguimiento post alta realizan actividades de la vida diaria sin problemas.
Filtration Methods for Recovering Enteroviruses from Foods

A set of simple, rapid filtration methods has been developed for recovering enteroviruses from foods. The methods employ quite inexpensive equipment, and the resulting extract might be concentrated in any of several ways. Three model enteroviruses were apparently recovered with at least 80% efficiency when inoculated, at levels ranging from thousands to one plaque-forming unit per 20-g sample, into eleven foods representing six major food groups.
A Retrospective View of Research in the Quality Management Journal: A Thematic and Keyword Analysis

This paper presents a retrospective analysis of quality management research that has been published in the Quality Management Journal (QMJ) since its inception through text and keyword analysis.
Purification and characterization of the reduced-nicotinamide-dependent 2,2'-dithiodiethanesulfonate reductase from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum delta H.

Abstract A novel reduced nicotinamide-dependent disulfide reductase, the 2,2'-dithiodiethanesulfonate [(S-CoM)2] reductase (CoMDSR) of Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum was purified 405-fold to electrophoretic homogeneity. Both NADPH and NADH functioned as electron donors, although rates with NADPH were three times higher. Reduced factor F420, the deazaflavin electron carrier characteristic of methanogenic bacteria, was not a substrate for the enzyme. The enzyme was most active with (S-CoM)2 but could also reduce L-cystine at 23% the (S-CoM)2 rate. Results of sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the enzyme was monomeric with an Mr of about 64,000; spectral analysis showed that it was a flavoprotein with an estimated composition of one molecule of flavin per polypeptide. Maximal activity occurred at 64 degrees C, and the pH optimum was 8.5. The apparent Km for both NADPH and (S-CoM)2 was 80 microM. The enzyme was completely inactivated by oxygen in crude cell extracts but was oxygen stable in the homogeneous state. The low activity of the CoMDSR in cell extracts as well as its relatively low rate of reducing CoM-S-S-HTP (the heterodisulfide of the two thiol cofactors involved in the last step of methanogenesis) make it unlikely that it plays a role in the methylreductase system. It may be involved in the redox balance of the cell, such as the NADPH-dependent bis-gamma-glutamylcystine reductase with which it shows physical similarity in another archaebacterium, Halobacterium halobium (A. R. Sundquist and R. C. Fahey, J. Bacteriol. 170:3459-3467, 1988). The CoMDSR might also be involved in regenerating the coenzyme M trapped as its homodisulfide, a nonutilizable form of the cofactor.
Light Scattering and Shear Viscosity Studies of the Binary System 2,6‐Lutidine‐Water in the Critical Region

Measurements have been made at the critical mixing composition of the system 2,6‐lutidine‐water for a (Tc‐T) range of 0.001°–7.5°C for the intensity and Rayleigh linewidth and of 0.007°–27.4°C for the shear viscosity. We find that Ic−1(0) ∝ (e)(1.26± 0.02),ξs=(2.0± 0.2)(e)−(0.61± 0.08) A,D=(0.290± 0.020)(e)(0.554± 0.015)× 10−5cm2/sec,ξΓ=(2.92± 0.19)(e)−(0.567± 0.015) A, where e =(Tc‐T)/Tc, Ic(0) is the intensity extrapolated to zero angle, ξΓ the correlation length from intensity measurements, D the mutual diffusion coefficient, and ξΓ the correlation length obtained from fitting the Kawasaki equation to linewidth measurements with the above value of D. We find that the Ornstein‐Zernike‐Debye theory is valid for (Tc‐T) >0.03°C and the Kawasaki mode‐mode coupling theory gives a good over‐all description of the behavior of the linewidth of the Rayleigh line. The Kadonoff‐Swift‐Kawasaki result γ ‐ psi = ν seems to be valid with ν=νs=νΓ. We also find that the excess shear viscosity does not exhibit a simple ...
Smorodinsky’s conjecture on rank-one mixing

We prove Smorodinsky's conjecture: the rank-one transformation, obtained by adding staircases whose heights increase consecutively by one, is mixing. 0. INTRODUCTION The first rank-one mixing transformation was constructed by Ornstein [0] using "random" spacers on each column. We refer to [Fl] for a description of rank-one constructions. Recently, the first rank-one mixing transformation was constructed with an explicit formula for adding spacers [AF]. In [AF] a method for adding staircases was given which produced mixing. However, Smorodinsky's conjecture remained open. M. Smorodinsky conjectured that by adding staircases whose heights increase consecutively by one, the resulting transformation (classical staircase construction) is mixing. In this paper, we will prove that an infinite staircase construction, whose sequence rn of cuts and hn of heights satisfy the condition limn,+ hn 0, is mixing. Thus Smorodinsky's conjecture follows as a corollary. 1. STAIRCASE CONSTRUCTIONS A rank-one transformation T is called a staircase construction if there exists a sequence (rn)?=L1 of natural numbers such that each column Cn+1 is obtained by cutting Cn into rn subcolumns of equal width, placing i 1 spacers on the ith subcolumn for 1 1. From now on, we assume the sequence (hn) is derived from the sequence (rn) in this manner. If the sequence rn is bounded then T is called a finite staircase construction. The classical staircase construction is given by rn = n. If rn -x oc, we call T an infinite staircase construction. In this case T may not be finite measure preserving since we may be adding measure too quickly. Assume T is finite measure preserving. The following question remains open: Question. Is every infinite staircase construction mixing? Received by the editors August 20, 1996. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification. Primary 28D05.
Sensitivity of Groundwater to Contamination

For this discussion, groundwater sensitivity is defined as the likelihood for contaminants to reach a specified position in the groundwater system after introduction at some location above the specified position. Sensitivity is a widely applied concept that has several uses. Sensitivity analyses often lead to the development of maps showing the relative sensitivity of groundwater across a geographic area. These maps are used as a screening tool for land-use decisions and have increasingly been used in source water protection. Sensitivity analyses are also used in program development, such as identifying areas where groundwater monitoring will occur. The concept of groundwater sensitivity also has educational value because hydrogeologic concepts are easily expressed and the audience can visualize relationships between land use and aquifer protection.
The Elasticity of Demand for Gasoline: A Semi-parametric Analysis

We use a semi-parametric conditional median as a robust alternative to the parametric conditional mean to estimate the gasoline demand function. Our approach protects against data and specification errors, and may yield a more reliable basis for public-policy decisions that depend on accurate estimates of gasoline demand. As a comparison, we also estimated the parametric translog conditional mean model. Our semi-parametric estimates imply that gasoline demand becomes more price elastic, but also less income elastic, as incomes rise. In addition, we find that demand appears to become more price elastic as prices increase in real terms.
KINETICS OF THE ACTION OF AMPICILLIN ON ESCHERICHIA COLI

Seligman, Stephen J. (University of California, Los Angeles) and William L. Hewitt. Kinetics of the action of ampicillin on Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 85:1160–1164. 1963.—The curve of the number of viable Escherichia coli after exposure to ampicillin can be divided into three phases: a lag phase, a rapid bactericidal phase, and a slow bactericidal phase. Some of the variables affecting the magnitude of the first two of these phases were investigated. Progressive lowering of drug concentration resulted in prolongation of the lag phase and decrease in slope and extent of the rapid bactericidal phase. The production of elongated gram-negative forms and the emergence of a mutant with increased penicillinase activity complicated interpretation of the lower dose curves. With sufficient drug concentration, the length of the lag phase and the slope of the rapid bactericidal curve were independent of the size of inoculum up to 108 organisms. Varying pH revealed that maximal activity, as measured by the shortest lag phase and steepest slope of the rapid bactericidal phase, was present at slightly acid pH levels. Increasing pH resulted principally in prolongation of lag phase. With greater acidity, decrease in slope of the rapid bactericidal phase was more prominent. Cultures studied under conditions of lessened metabolic activity exhibited prolonged lag phase and decreased slope and extent of rapid bactericidal phase.
Test-retest reliability of the electromyographic fatigue threshold for cycle ergometry.

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the intersession reliability of the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT ) for cycle ergometry. METHODS On separate occasions, 10 healthy, college-aged men performed an incremental test to voluntary exhaustion on a cycle ergometer. The EMG amplitude vs. time relationships for each power output from the quadriceps femoris muscles were analyzed using linear regression. EMGFT was defined operationally as the average of the highest power output that resulted in a non-significant slope coefficient (P > 0.05) and the lowest power output that resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) positive slope coefficient. The EMGFT values for trials 1 and 2 were used to calculate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Overall, the reliability of the EMGFT (ICC2,1 = 0.85; 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.96) was in the "excellent" category. CONCLUSIONS The EMGFT for cycle ergometry is a reliable measure for assessing muscular fatigue.
Channel response in a semiarid stream to removal of tamarisk and Russian olive

[1] We report observed short-term (3 years) channel adjustment in an incised, semiarid stream to the removal of invasive plants, tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) by (1) removing the above-ground portion of the plant (cut-stump method) and (2) removing the entire plant (whole-plant method). The stream flows through Canyon de Chelly National Monument in Arizona, USA., draining an ∼1500 km2 catchment. Average channel width is 13 m; average thalweg depth is 2–3 m, although channel banks exceed 8 m locally. Channels adjusted primarily through widening, with significantly larger changes occurring in whole-plant removal reaches; however, neither plant removal method elicited large-scale bank destabilization, and the channels remained entrenched. Particular site conditions limiting large-scale destabilization include the absence of sufficient streamflow magnitudes, the presence of clay layers at the bank toe, the remaining presence of native vegetation, and the entrenched morphology. Our findings serve as a cautionary note regarding the temporal and spatial variability in channel response to invasive plant removal and underscore the importance of considering site-specific conditions in future restoration projects that include invasive plant removal.
The tandem Pummerer-isomünchnone route to (±)-pumiliotoxin C

Abstract The Pummerer reaction of imidosulfoxides containing tethered π-bonds results in the formation of isomunchnone dipoles which readily undergo intramolecular dipolar cycloaddition to furnish 5-substituted α-pyridones. An application of the method to (±)-pumiliotoxin C was carried out.
Perceived direction of gaze from eyes with dark vs. light irises.

PURPOSE: Much of the previous research on the perceived direction of gaze has not specified eye color or pupil visibility. This study tests whether the lightness or darkness of a gazer's irises (typically brown vs. blue) affects their perceived direction of gaze. METHODS: Twenty-five observers judged the direction of horizontal gaze from a model whose LCD-imaged head gazed toward points on the plane of the observer's face. The model's head was displayed with its natural brown irises and also with its irises digitally altered to look blue without pupils, blue with centered pupils, and blue with nasally decentered pupils. True gaze location was compared with the judged gaze location for each type of iris. RESULTS: For all iris types, observers judged that monocular gaze was biased outward from its true direction for all gaze locations, including central, whereas binocular gaze was close to centered and had a greater slope. Blue eyes with no pupil and blue eyes with a centered pupil exaggerated this perceived outward deviation for monocular gaze but binocular gaze remained the same. When the pupils were nasally decentered by a typical amount, straight monocular as well as binocular gaze appeared to be centered. CONCLUSIONS: The direction of monocular gaze from eyes that differ in the darkness of their irises is perceived differently, and, within the blue irises, small differences in pupil centration made surprisingly large differences in the perceived directions of gaze.
Anatomically and experimentally based neural networks modeling force coordination in static multi-finger tasks

Abstract The goal of the study was to construct and test a neural network model that incorporates available knowledge about the finger functioning. The fingers are served by the multi-digit muscles that provide the tendons to the four fingers and the uni-digit muscles that serve individual fingers. Such an anatomical arrangement results in the interdependence of the fingers. The network accounts for (1) existence of multi-digit extrinsic and single-digit intrinsic muscles; (2) the force sharing pattern; (3) the ceiling effect (force deficit) and (4) the force enslaving. Human subjects were instructed to voluntarily exert static force with various fingers while relaxing the remaining fingers. Three-layer feedforward neural networks were constructed and tested. The networks were composed of divergent/convergent connections between the layers modeling the multi-digit muscles and one-to-one shortcut connections from the neurons in the input layer to the neurons in the output layer that model the uni-digit muscles. To validate the networks, 19 task subsets were employed for network training and testing. The predicted finger forces closely matched the experimental data lending support to the assumptions on which the network was based. The current paper demonstrates how available anatomical and physiological facts can be utilized to help build networks so as to enhance our understanding of control mechanisms of the neuromotor system.
Critical issues involved in the choice of a driver for high-power-short-wavelength cw free-electron lasers (FELs)

This paper is dedicated to the discussion of some critical issues related to the choice of the appropriate driver for high power short wavelength CW FELs. The case for industrial need of high power short wavelength CW FELs is well established and will not be discussed here. This paper emphasizes issues related to power beaming requirements with an FEL wavelength of 0.85 micrometers and an average power level of 100 kW to 1 MW. Most of the conclusions are applicable for high power short wavelength ((lambda) < 1 micrometers ) CW FELs. Conclusions of this paper are not applicable to far infrared FELs where different technologies can be successfully used.
The subvariety lattice for representable idempotent commutative residuated lattices

RICRL denotes the variety of commutative residuated lattices which have an idempotent monoid operation and are representable in the sense that they are subdirect products of linearly ordered algebras. It is shown that the subvariety lattice of RICRL is countable, despite its complexity and in contrast to several varieties of closely related algebras.