cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimal Counterexamples to the Hall-Paige Conjecture

If the Hall-Paige conjecture is false, what might a minimal counterexample look like? This question was first raised by Aschbacher in 1990. He proved that any minimal counterexample must be “close” to being a simple group. In 1992 Evans tried to improve on this by extending complete mappings of H, a subgroup of G of index 2, to complete mappings of G; and complete mappings of G∕H, \(H\cong \mathbb {Z}_2\), to complete mappings of G. Evans’ proofs require that certain technical conditions hold for the extensions to work. In 2001 Dalla Volta and Gavioli improved on Aschbacher’s reduction and in 2009, using elementary techniques, Wilcox showed that any minimal counterexample to the Hall-Paige conjecture must be a nonabelian finite simple group. We will present these reductions in this chapter.
Energy-Harvesting Piezoelectric-Powered CMOS Series Switched-Inductor Bridge

Tiny piezoelectric transducers transform a very small fraction of ambient energy into electrical power. Power losses and breakdown voltages unfortunately limit how much of this power reaches the microsystem. The piezoelectric harvester presented here operates at the maximum power point (MPP) without the separate MPP stage that typical piezoelectric harvesters need. As a result, the system loses less power and occupies less space. In addition, with only four transistors, the charger increases the voltage with which the piezoelectric current generates power. This way, the harvester draws more power from vibrations. By precharging the transducer between half cycles, the 0.81–1.2-μm CMOS system outputs 0.7–49 μW of the 1.2–55 μW that a vibrating 16.8-nF transducer avails at 120 Hz. This is up to ${\text{6.8}}\times $ more power than a lossless diode bridge can harness and as much as the best recycling bridge can output, but with four fewer power switches and without a separate maximum power-point stage.
Prognostic performance of the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition of the TNM staging system in patients with early oral tongue cancer.

Background The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer's (AJCC) staging system for oral cavity cancer incorporates pathological features. We aimed to assess whether these changes results in better risk stratification of patients with early oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Methods Overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) of 244 patients were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis with stepwise selection was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results Sixty-two patients (25%) were upstaged using the 8th edition. Multivariate analysis revealed that overall stage using the 8th edition of the AJCC staging system but not using the 7th edition was a significant predictor for both OS and DSS. The 8th edition had lower Akaike information criterion and improved concordance index values compared with the 7th edition. Conclusion The 8th edition of AJCC allows better risk stratification and more precise counseling of patients with OTSCC who were previously considered at low risk.
Bacteriophages that infect marine roseobacters: genomics and ecology

Viruses are the most abundant biological entities in seawater. They influence microbial population dynamics, genetic heterogeneity and biogeochemical cycles in marine ecosystems. The isolation and characterization of viruses that infect specific hosts have greatly advanced our knowledge of the biological and ecological interactions between viruses and their hosts. Marine Roseobacter are abundant, ubiquitous and diverse in the ocean and play active roles in global biogeochemical cycling, especially the sulfur cycle. Currently, 32 bacteriophages that infect multiple lineages of roseobacters have been isolated and sequenced. These roseophages exhibit diverse morphologies, nucleic acid types and genomic features. Here, we provide the most up-to-date overview of roseophages. Most roseophages are host specific and have a wide range of genome sizes and open reading frames. Based on a genome-wide comparison, at least eight distinctly different types of roseophages were identified, indicating their diversity. Lysogenic-related and gene transfer agent-related genes are commonly found in roseophage genomes, implying the importance of genetic transfer within roseobacters. This feature could provide the versatility for roseobacters to quickly adapt to the changing environments. A wide distribution range of roseophages in the global ocean, especially in coastal environments, has been observed, reflecting the cosmopolitan nature of the Roseobacter lineage.
Association of Community Factors with Hospital-onset Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile Infection: A Population Based U.S.-wide Study

Abstract Background Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile ranks first among the pathogens of hospital-acquired infections with hospital-based preventive strategies being only partially successful in containing its spread. Methods We performed a spatial statistical analysis to examine the association between population characteristics and parameters of community healthcare practice and delivery with hospital-onset Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (HO-CDI), using data from the Medicare Hospital Compare, Medicare Provider Utilization Part D, and other databases. Among the areas with the highest HO-CDI rates (“hot spots”), we conducted a geographically weighted regression (GWR) to quantify the effect of the decrease in the modifiable risk factors on the HO-CDI rate. Findings Percentage of population > 85 years old, community claims of antimicrobial agents and acid suppressants, and density of hospitals and nursing homes within the hospital service areas (HSAs) had a statistically significant association with the HO-CDI incidence (p Interpretation These results outline the association of HO-CDI with community practice and characteristics of the healthcare delivery system and support the need to further study the effect of community and nursing home-based antimicrobial and acid suppressant stewardship programs in the rate of HO-CDI in geographic areas that may cross state lines.
Author Correction: Caution in inferring viral strategies from abundance correlations in marine metagenomes.

The original version of the Article contained a spelling error in the word ‘piggyback’. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
24 Methodological review of studies that investigated factors associated with trauma recidivism

Statement of Purpose Trauma recidivists are patients who present to an emergency room or trauma center on more than one occasion for different incidents of traumatic injury. Although a major public health issue, there has not yet been a systemic review of the literature that synthesizes our understanding of correlates of trauma recidivism. The purpose of this presentation is to report on the findings of a systematic review of the trauma recidivism literature. This oral presentation focuses on the methodological findings and recommendations that resulted from the review. Methods/Approach 13 data bases were searched from inception to 2017 for studies that explicitly compared hospital-based trauma recidivists to non-recidivists. The search was conducted using PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Results Screening resulted in the selection of 29 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions The literature review generated findings that could inform the quality of research among victims of violent injury. Methodological considerations to consider include, a) identifying a common ‘recidivism window’ that allows detection of patients who are at risk for recidivism, b) disaggregate patients by epochs informed by the human development literature, and c) improving on mixed method methodologies. Significance and Contributions to Injury and Violence Prevention Science Social science concepts and methodology coupled with medical/victim research can help provide a deeper understanding of the meanings and processes that shape both health research and the behaviors of patients that lead to subsequent re-injury. Insights from this research and the collaborations that stem from it can guide the design of health care delivery practices and interventions that acknowledge and adapt to social, cultural, and economic barriers; harness social mechanisms to increase their effectiveness; or even attempt to manipulate social and cultural determinants of health directly.
Cryo-EM Structures of HIV-1 trimer bound to CD4-mimetics M48U1 and BNM-III-170 adopt a CD4-bound open conformation

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1), the causative agent of AIDS, impacts millions of people. Entry into target cells is mediated by the HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoprotein interacting with host receptor CD4, which triggers conformational changes allowing binding to a coreceptor and subsequent membrane fusion. Small molecule or peptide CD4-mimetic drugs mimic CD4’s Phe43 interaction with Env by inserting into the conserved Phe43 pocket on Env subunit gp120. Here, we present single-particle cryo-EM structures of CD4-mimetics BNM-III-170 and M48U1 bound to a BG505 native-like Env trimer plus the CD4-induced antibody 17b at 3.7A and 3.9A resolution, respectively. CD4-mimetic-bound BG505 exhibits canonical CD4-induced conformational changes including trimer opening, formation of the 4-stranded gp120 bridging sheet, displacement of the V1V2 loop, and formation of a compact and elongated gp41 HR1C helical bundle. We conclude that CD4-induced structural changes on both gp120 and gp41 Env subunits are induced by binding to the gp120 Phe43 pocket.
Sounding the Alarm on the Importance of Sleep: The Positive Impact of Sufficient Sleep on Childhood Flourishing

BACKGROUND: Chronic sleep loss amongst youth is a major public health crisis globally and is associated with a multitude of physical and mental health issues. Flourishing describes a child’s resilience, approach towards learning and overall positive, behavioral and social well-being. There are a limited number of studies that describe how sleep sufficiency affects childhood flourishing across all school-age children. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the association between sleep sufficiency and childhood flourishing markers. METHODS: This cross-sectional study used parental responses for children aged 6-17 years (n=49,050) from the combined 2016-2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. Sleep sufficiency was defined as having greater …
Behavioral arrest and a characteristic slow waveform are hallmark responses to selective 5-HT2A receptor activation.

Perception, emotion, and mood are powerfully modulated by serotonin receptor (5-HTR) agonists including hallucinogens. The 5-HT2AR subtype has been shown to be central to hallucinogen action, yet the precise mechanisms mediating the response to 5-HT2AR activation remain unclear. Hallucinogens induce the head twitch response (HTR) in rodents, which is the most commonly used behavioral readout of hallucinogen pharmacology. While the HTR provides a key behavioral signature, less is known about the meso level changes that are induced by 5-HT2AR activation. In response to administration of the potent and highly selective 5-HT2AR agonist 25I-NBOH in mice, we observe a disorganization of behavior which includes frequent episodes of behavioral arrest that consistently precede the HTR by a precise interval. By combining behavioral analysis with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings we describe a characteristic pattern composed of two distinctive EEG waveforms, Phase 1 and Phase 2, that map onto behavioral arrest and the HTR respectively, with the same temporal separation. Phase 1, which underlies behavioral arrest, is a 3.5–4.5 Hz waveform, while Phase 2 is slower at 2.5–3.2 Hz. Nicotine pretreatment, considered an integral component of ritualistic hallucinogen practices, attenuates 25I-NBOH induced HTR and Phase 2 waveforms, yet increases behavioral arrest and Phase 1 waveforms. Our results suggest that in addition to the HTR, behavioral arrest and characteristic meso level slow waveforms are key hallmarks of the response to 5-HT2AR activation. Increased understanding of the response to serotonergic hallucinogens may provide mechanistic insights into perception and hallucinations, as well as regulation of mood.
Neonatal innovations in resource-limited settings

In the year 2000, Millennium Declaration was signed by the world leaders to reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds from the baseline figure in 1990. Millennium Development Goal 4 was replaced by the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in 2015. Reduction in the neonatal mortality, which accounts for majority of the deaths in children under the age of 5 years, was an imminent goal of SDG. Despite these initiatives, the current trends in neonatal mortality are far away from the expected targets. To curb the rate of neonatal mortality, the neonatal services are expanding in India at a rapid pace. To bridge the gap between the availability and accessibility to the health care technology between the developed and developing countries, the current focus is toward the development of low-cost and effective technological innovations in neonatal care and ensuring their patenting and effective publicity. This should facilitate the translation of innovations into mass production and availability for practice with significant effect in low- and middle-income countries. Generation of evidence will increase the acceptability of these innovations by demonstrating their benefit over the currently available technologies. Fortuitously, India has developed many innovations in the neonatal health care. However, majority of the neonatologists are still unaware of the existing technological solutions, and the ways to optimally utilize them. This review is, therefore, an attempt to recognize such low-cost, effective, and sustainable innovations done in the field of neonatology, over the past few decades.
MXene aerogel for efficient photothermally driven membrane distillation with dual-mode antimicrobial capability

Solar-driven desalination, which involves the conversion of solar energy to heat for freshwater generation, has been recognized as an attractive and sustainable desalination technology to alleviate freshwater shortage. In particular, photothermally driven membrane distillation (PMD) is a highly promising solar-driven desalination technology, especially in remote regions and disaster-struck communities, where no power infrastructure or waste heat from industrial plants is available. MXene, more specifically Ti3C2Tx, with excellent photothermal properties, easy processability, and electrical conductivity offers a great opportunity for realizing highly efficient, stable and multifunctional PMD membranes. Herein, we realize a MXene composite aerogel comprised of hydroxyapatite nanowires and poly(vinyl alcohol) with high thermal efficiency (61%) and water flux (0.72 kg m−2 h−1) under 0.8 sun irradiation (0.8 kW m−2), representing the first validation of highly efficient MXene-based PMD systems in treating ambient saline water. Owing to the strong interfacial interaction (i.e., hydrogen bonding) between the building blocks, the MXene composite aerogel with high porosity (up to 91%) exhibited excellent mechanical stability. This highly interconnected porous network offers low resistance to vapor transport and low thermal conductivity, which minimizes conductive heat transfer across the aerogel, thus maximizing the thermal efficiency. Furthermore, the outstanding bactericidal activity induced by solar irradiation or electric potential makes the MXene composite aerogel a highly attractive candidate for PMD in the real world.
Numerical Hopf Bifurcation Computation for Delay Differential Systems

Two schemes for the analysis of Hopf bifurcation in delay differential systems are described. The first scheme approximates the delay differential systems by ordinary differential systems, then uses the code BIFOR2 to analyze the ordinary differential systems. The second scheme analyzes delay differential systems directly and has been implemented in a new code, BIFDD.
Female to male trans person (FtM)

FtM is a form of notation used in medical and psychiatric literature in the mid- to late twentieth century to indicate the direction of a physical or social transsexual or transgender transition from female to male (or MtF for male to female). Isolated transsexual-identified people read this literature and adopted these labels to describe themselves. In the 1990s, these terms were used as identifiers which allowed communities to form for self-education and support. While still in use today, additional community-based language has evolved in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries which affirms the nuanced identities of transitioning or gender-diverse individuals. Keywords: FtM ; gender; transgender; transman; transsexualism
O-003 Resolution of Cranial Neuropathies Following Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device

Introduction Intracranial aneurysms, especially those of the cavernous segment of the internal carotid artery (ICA), can present with cranial nerve palsies. Few studies exist reporting the outcomes of cranial neuropathies following treatment with the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED). Methods A prospectively maintained endovascular database was reviewed for all patients treated with the PED after presenting with one or more cranial nerve palsies secondary to a cerebral aneurysm since May 2011. Patient charts were reviewed to report clinical and angiographic outcomes. Only patients with clinical follow-up were included in the analysis. Results Since FDA approval, 127 patients were treated with the PED at our institution. Twenty-two patients presented with cranial neuropathies for initial inclusion in this study. Of these, 20 patients had sufficient follow-up for analysis. Cranial neuropathies included those of CN II, III, V, and VI, with presenting symptoms of diplopia, decreased visual acuity, and facial numbness/pain. Thirteen lesions were cavernous segment ICA aneurysms, whereas the remainder included supraclinoid and petrous segment ICA, posterior communicating artery and basilar trunk aneurysms. At a mean follow-up of 9.55 months, 15 patients (75%) had resolution or significant improvement of their cranial neuropathies and 5 had stable symptoms. Twelve (66.7%) of 18 patients with angiographic follow-up demonstrated complete obliteration or small neck residual, whereas 6 (30.0%) had residual lesion. Patients with complete/near-complete obliteration were significantly more likely to demonstrate symptomatic improvement at follow-up (p = 0.009). Two patients with persistent symptoms were eventually treated with microsurgical bypass. Complications in this series included six (30.0%) transient extracranial haemorrhagic complications related to antiplatelet therapy, and one delayed asymptomatic ICA occlusion following retreatment. Conclusion Treatment of intracranial aneurysms presenting with one or more cranial nerve palsies results in a high rate of clinical improvement after treatment with the PED. Clinical outcomes must be weighed against the risks and challenges faced with flow diverters. Disclosures K. Moon: None. F. Albuquerque: None. A. Ducruet: None. R. Crowley: None. C. McDougall: None.
Some properties of curved shock waves in ideal fluid mixtures with multiple temperatures

The theory of singular surfaces is used to investigate the properties of curved shock waves propagating in a mixture where the combined effects of diffusion and multiple temperatures are present. We show how diffusion in front of the shock will cause, even for plane shocks, a spin jump across the shock. Our analysis contains formulas which govern the evolutionary properties of the shock strength. These formulas show how the curvature, motion in front of the shock, diffusion and energy supplies influence the shock strength.
The relationship between leptin and norepinephrine levels during OGTT in normotensive and hypertensive obese adolescents.

Background/Aims: Studies in adult population have suggested that leptin might play a role in inducing obesity related hypertension mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. This association has not been established for adolescents. Our study is designed to explore the relationship between leptin and norepinephrine levels in pediatric patients and to identify any contributors to hypertension for this population. Methods: Thirty-nine obese adolescents, divided into four groups by gender and hypertension status were included in the study. Leptin and norepinephrine levels were measured during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) to optimize hormonal secretion. T tests were used to compare baseline levels of glucose, insulin, leptin and norepinephrine at 0 hour point of OGTT between the hypertensive and normotensive patients for both genders. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used for comparison of subsequent levels between the hypertensive and normotensive groups for in both genders, with the corresponding baseline level as the covariance. Models with and without BMI adjustment were created and their results were found to be consistent. Correlation between leptin and norepinephrine was examined at each time point and through analysis of area under the curve (AUC). Results: Contrary to the previous findings obtained in adult patients, our results did not show any direct relationships between levels of leptin and norepinephrine. A slight decrease in norepinephrine level at 1 hour in the normotensive male group and a significant increase in leptin level at 1 hour in the hypertensive female group was observed. Conclusion: Our preliminary data suggest that norepinephrine and leptin levels at 0 and 1 hour during routine OGTT, for males and females, respectively, may help identify a subgroup of obese adolescents who have higher risk for hypertension and cardiovascular complications. Conflict of interest:None declared.
Specific Language Impairment

Specific language impairment (SLI) is a developmental language disorder characterized by the inability to master spoken and written language expression and comprehension, despite normal nonverbal intelligence, hearing acuity, and speech motor skills, and no overt physical disability, recognized syndrome, or other mitigating medical factors known to cause language disorders in children. Although numbers vary slightly across countries, in the United States SLI is estimated to occur in ~7% of English-speaking 5-year-old children. It persists, fully or partially, into adulthood, placing individuals with SLI at risk for poor academic performance, difficulty developing and maintaining friendships and significant relationships, difficulty in the work environment, and reduced earning potential and standard of living. The stress that accompanies coping with the disorder also places both individuals with SLI and their families at risk for secondary stress-related physical, social, and emotional problems. Converging evidence from brain imaging, behavioral, and neurophysiological studies indicates that SLI is a neurodevelopmental language disorder that is characterized by a disturbance in the dynamics of brain development that collectively affect cortical and subcortical morphology in selected regions of the brain and the tissue properties of white matter connections that support language acquisition, learning, and memory.
Suspecting and Testing for Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency—An Allergist's and/or Immunologist's Perspective

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) is a hereditary, monogenic disorder with no unique clinical features. AATD can be difficult to diagnose as patients commonly present with respiratory symptoms often mistaken for other respiratory syndromes such as asthma or smoking-related chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, symptoms related to AATD may also affect other organs, including the liver, vasculature, and skin. The severity of AATD varies between individuals, and in severe cases, the irreversible lung damage can develop into emphysema. Early diagnosis is critical to enable the implementation of lifestyle changes and therapeutic options that can slow further deterioration of pulmonary tissue. Once AATD is suspected, a range of tests are available (serum alpha-1 proteinase inhibitor [A1-PI] level measurement, phenotyping, genotyping, gene sequencing) for confirming AATD. Currently, intravenous infusion of A1-PI is the only therapy that directly addresses the underlying cause of AATD, and has demonstrated efficacy in a recent randomized, placebo-controlled trial. This review discusses the etiology, testing, and management of AATD from the allergist's and/or immunologist's perspective. It aims to raise awareness of the condition among physicians who care for people with obstructive lung disorders and are therefore likely to see patients with obstructive lung disease that may, in fact, prove to be AATD.
Reflecting upon the Past, Sitting with the Present, and Charting our Future: Gail Hawisher and Cynthia, Selfe Discussing the Community of Computers & Composition

Abstract This interview with Gail Hawisher and Cynthia Selfe highlights themes of collaboration and access, in addition to the importance of the work people in the community of computers and writing contribute nationally and internationally to the field, to rhetoric and composition, and to other disciplines. Both Hawisher and Self reflect upon thirty years of scholarship in Computers and Composition as well as discuss present initiatives with the Digital Archives of Literacy Narratives and Computers and Composition Digital Press, in addition to charting our future with a turn to the global.
The curriculum required to develop a tax specialist: A comparison of practitioner opinions with current programs

Abstract A questionnaire was mailed to members of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) to identify practitioner perceptions regarding graduate tax courses needed to prepare an individual to perform simple or complex tax engagements within the first two years of their careers as professionals. Their preferences for tax courses were compared to tax courses currently offered by accredited programs. The AICPA members generally agree with the importance of tax courses most commonly offered by accredited programs. However, they perceive a more comprehensive tax curriculum as important for the preparation of individuals to perform tax engagements early in their professional careers. While the AICPA members strongly preferred graduate tax courses at a college or a university over other methods for advancing a tax professional's education, they indicated several factors in addition to course offerings which might influence their decision in choosing a graduate tax program.
Reanalysis of Pioneer Orbiter ultraviolet spectrometer data: OI 1304 intensities and atomic oxygen densities

The Pioneer Venus Orbiter Ultraviolet Spectrometer (PVOUVS) measured the OI 1304 A intensity over a range of spacecraft altitudes (150 to 300 km at periapsis). The atomic oxygen density is determined from the dayglow by comparing the data to the intensities predicted in a Monte Carlo model which correctly simulates the partial frequency redistribution of photons in a non-isothermal, absorbing atmosphere. The analysis yields atomic oxygen densities consistent with the in situ determinations of the PV Bus Neutral Mass Spectrometer and PVO Neutral Mass Spectrometer and supports recent laboratory measurements of the electron impact excitation cross section of atomic oxygen. Furthermore, the potential inherent in ultraviolet remote sensing for determining the global distribution of atomic oxygen is demonstrated.
Effects of angiography on renal function and histology in infants and piglets

Histologic examination of the kidneys of 34 infants who died following cardiac catheterization revealed medullary necrosis in 3 and proximal tubular epithelial vacuolization in another 4. In piglets, intra-aortic administration of either sodium iothalamate or meglumine diatrizoate caused a prompt and sustained decrease in renal blood flow. Histologic examination of the kidneys revealed changes in tubular epithelium similar to those observed in the infants. In a prospective study of children undergoing cardiac catheterization, 8 infants developed hematuria after administration of contrast material, 3 to 5 ml. per kilogram of body weight. Hematuria did not occur when the dose did not exceed 3 ml. per kilogram. These studies indicate that contrast material utilized in cardiac catheterization can influence renal function and may produce irreversible renal damage.
Trends in nuclear reaction cross sections (IV). Recalculated (n,p) cross sections for 14.5 MeV neutrons of nuclei in the range 6 ≦ Z ≦ 50

Abstract In 1962 rough estimates were published of the absolute values of (n,p) cross sections of all stable isotopes of most of the elements. In this work we compute the relative (n,p) cross sections for isotopes of elements in the range 6 ≦ Z ≦ 50 using an equation, derived previously with the statistical model approach, in which only the level density parameter Q -value, pairing energy, effective Coulomb barrier and the energy of the incident neutron appear. The relative cross sections are used to compute absolute cross sections with the aid of an empirical equation. The latter cross sections agree with experiment in over 80% of the cases. The present calculations are compared with the predictions of the empirical equations of Levkovskii, and possible sources of shell effects in the observed cross sections are discussed.
Goitre and hypothyroidism in children and adolescents during long-term anticonvulsive therapy

Among children and adolescents with goitre we observed a group of 32 epileptic patients on long-term therapy with Phenydantoin-Amizepin and Mizodin-Polfa in different combinations. In about 50% of patients total T4 was below the lower limit of normals but the corresponding T3 uptake was normal except 4 values in hypothyroid range. Total T3 was usually in normal range. Only in one case it was clearly elevated. Serum TSH was in 11 patients moderately elevated and in 3 others was very high. After introduction of substitution therapy with low doses of thyreoideum-Polfa/thyroidea sicca/we observed a brisk normalisation of T4,T3 and TSH levels. It is to stress out, that the long term antiepileptic therapy may cause in children and adolescents onset of goitre and subclinical hypothyroidism.
Depression and intrinsic religiosity.

A sample of 895 adults completed the Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression scale and a test of intrinsic religious motivation. The correlation of –.06 between scores on the two scales was not significant.
Elimination of GeO2 and Ge3N4 interfacial transition regions and defects at n-type Ge interfaces: A pathway for formation of n-MOS devices on Ge substrates

The contribution from relatively low-K SiON interfacial transition regions (ITRs) between Si and transition metal (TM) gate dielectrics places a significant limitation on equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling for Si complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices. This limitation is equally significant and limiting for Ge CMOS devices. Low-K Ge-based ITRs in Ge devices have also been shown to limit performance and reliability, particular for n-MOS field effect transistors. This article identifies the source of significant electron trapping at interfaces between n-Ge or inverted p-Ge, and Ge oxide, nitride and oxynitride ITRs. This is shown to be an interfacial band alignment issue in which native Ge ITRs have conduction band offset energies smaller than those of TM dielectrics, and trap electrons for negative Ge substrate bias. This article also describes a novel remote plasma processing approach for effectively eliminating any significant native Ge ITRs and using a plasma-processing/annealing process sequence for bonding TM gate dielectrics directly to the Ge substrate surface.
What Nice Things Do Boys and Girls Do? Preschoolers' Perspectives of Peers' Behaviors at School and at Home

The present study investigated 42 preschool children's ideas of what constitute “nice” behaviors on the part of their male and female peers, both at home and at school. Children were individually i...
Adolescents' needs for nurses' support when initiating breastfeeding.

Background:Increasing the number of infants who are breastfed has become a worldwide health priority because of the extensively documented health and economic benefits of breastfeeding for mothers and their children. It is unfortunate that adolescents initiate and continue breastfeeding at rates lower than adult women. Health care providers can improve these breastfeeding rates through the social support they offer adolescent mothers as they initiate breastfeeding.Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the needs of adolescents for social support from nurses when initiating breastfeeding.Methods:Secondary qualitative content analysis of 90 adolescents’ responses to 2 open-ended questions was conducted using social support theory as a framework. The 2 researchers independently categorized each response as informational, instrumental, emotional, and/or appraisal social support.Results:Adolescent mothers wanted nurses to take the time to explain breastfeeding, answer their questions, and provide c...
The promyelocytic leukemia protein functions as a negative regulator of IFN-γ signaling

IFN-γ is an immunomodulatory cytokine and uses the STAT-1α transcription factor to mediate gene expression. The promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein regulates transcription as an activator or repressor, depending on the gene under investigation. Herein, we examined the influence of PML on IFN-γ signaling, using PML wild-type (Pml+/+) and deficient (Pml−/−) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF). Pml−/− MEF exhibit enhanced IFN-γ-induced STAT-1α transcriptional activity compared with Pml+/+ cells. Moreover, reconstitution of PML in Pml−/− MEF reduced STAT-1α transcriptional activity to levels comparable to Pml+/+ MEF. Numerous endogenous IFN-γ-regulated genes were up-regulated in Pml−/− MEF compared with Pml+/+ MEF. IFN-γ-mediated STAT-1α DNA-binding activity was enhanced in Pml−/− cells compared with Pml+/+ cells. Lastly, IFN-γ enhanced the formation of a PML–STAT-1α complex in the nucleus. These data suggest a novel function for PML in the IFN-γ signaling pathway by inhibiting STAT-1α DNA binding and transcriptional activity.
Matrix mechanics as a practical tool in quantum theory: The anharmonic oscillator

For an anharmonic oscillator, it follows from the number of zeros of the exact wave functions as functions of the quantum number $n$ that the matrix elements $〈n|x|{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}〉$ and $〈n|p|{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}〉$ should be rapidly decreasing functions of $|n\ensuremath{-}{n}^{\ensuremath{'}}|$. Matrix elements of polynomials in $x$ and $p$ should therefore be well approximated by a finite number of terms in their sum-rule decomposition. From the matrix elements of the equations of motion for $x$ and for $p$ and of the commutator $|x,p|$, one thereby obtains closed sets of nonlinear algebraic equations to characterize subspaces of the Hilbert space of exact eigenfunctions. The approximations are also derived from a novel variational principle, and numerous variant approximation schemes are suggested. Essentially exact numerical results are obtained and compared with previous work. The broad applicability of the techniques is emphasized.
The effect of 2-amino-2-methylpropanol on rat-liver mitochondria.

Abstract 1. 1. It was shown that the liver mitocbondria preparations from young rats placed on a choline-deficient diet for 12 to 18 h were completely uncoupled or nearly so. Almost complete restoration of the phosphorylation was achieved by the addition of bovine serum albumin to the isolated, uncoupled mitochondria preparations. The uncoupling effect of the choline-deficient diet was prevented by the intraperitoneal administration of 2-amino-2-methylpropanol. 2. 2. It was also shown that 25 mM 2-amino-2-methylpropanol in vitro partially inhibited the oxidation of choline by liver mitochondria and completely inhibited the associated phosphorylations. Ethanolamine was shown to have a similar effect at similar concentrations. The uncoupling effect and the inhibition of oxidation by 2-amino-2-methylpropanol and ethanolamine in vitro were demonstrated for choline only since neither the oxidations nor the phosphorylations associated with β-hydroxybutyrate and succinate were affected by either compound.
Who Benefits from Nodal Field Irradiation

Randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses have clearly demonstrated that radiation after definitive surgery can improve local-regional control and consequently breast cancer survival. There has been some controversy, however, regarding when and in which patient populations more extensive radiation to the nodal regions is warranted. This review focuses on the current evidence supporting the use of radiation and the rationale for determining patients who will derive the most benefit.
Proposed health care financing administration guidelines for reimbursement of enteral and parenteral nutrition

MANY STUDIES have demonstrated that there is a high prevalence of protein-calorie malnutrition in maintenance dialysis patients. The high incidence of malnutrition in chronic dialysis patients is a matter of great concern because there is a strong association between malnutrition and morbidity and mortality in these individuals.‘V6 In some patients, malnutrition is caused by gastrointestinal disorders that are clearly documentable, such as malabsorption, short bowel, or obstruction of the intestinal tract. However, inadequate food intake in the absence of severe intestinal disorders is one of the most common causes of malnutrition in maintenance dialysis patients.2*7 Low food intake is often caused by chronic anorexia. Common causes for anorexia in chronic dialysis patients include inadequate dialysis treatment, such gastrointestinal diseases as peptic ulcer or impaired gastric motility, intercurrent illnesses, adverse effects of medicines, and psychiatric disorders.63* Sometimes the causes of poor food intake may be successfully treated. For example, an increased dose of dialysis or the treatment of peptic ulcer disease or depression may improve intake. Also, dietary counseling and the use of special food supplements may increase the nutrient intake of these patients. However, there is a small group of malnourished chronic dialysis patients for whom an increase in oral intake, liberalization of the diet, dietary counseling, and the use of food supplements are not effective. A current National Institute of Health (NIH) funded clinical study indicates that maintenance hemodialysis patients, given intensive counseling by a registered dietitian who was experienced in renal dietetics, consumed only an average of 80% of
Protruding Anal Mass

A term female newborn presents with a 1-cm flesh-colored tubular mass seen protruding from the anus (Figure 1) Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4. ### Prenatal and birth history ### Presentation ### Vital Signs ### Physical Examination
TH‐D‐M100J‐02: Quantitative Interstitial Multispectral Diffuse Optical Tomography of Human Prostate Using a Priori Structure Information

Purpose: To develop an interstitial multispectral diffuse optical tomography (iDOT) system to quantify optical properties, drug concentration and tissue oxygenation of prostate before and after photodynamic therapy(PDT).Method and Materials: iDOT system uses continuous‐wave measurements from 12 motorized isotropic detectors inserted in the prostate. Optical properties of prostate were reconstructed using single‐wavelength measurements at 732nm. Six point‐sources were introduced interstitially. Multispectral iDOT acquired the absorption spectra in 650–850nm region emitted from 6 optic fibers connected to a halogen lamp. The multispectral method directly reconstructs tissue chromophore concentrations and Mie scattering factors through incorporation of a priori anatomic information and spectral properties. The accuracy and convergence of the reconstruction algorithms were tested in mathematical phantoms with known geometry and optical property distribution. Clinical iDOT were performed on 12 patients for single‐wavelength optical property measurement and 2 patients for spectral measurements. Results: Phantom study results demonstrated that iDOT can reliably recover the optical properties, chromophore concentrations and scattering factors in clinical‐relevant geometries with fast convergence. In clinical studies, the averaged reconstructed pretreatment μa and μs′ at 730nm varied between .003mm−1 and .162cm−1(mean .03±.02mm−1) and .11 and 4.4mm−1 (mean 1.4±1.1mm−1) among 12 patients. The absorption coefficients for some patients were significantly reduced post‐treatment due to photobleaching of the photosensitizer. For multispectral measurements, the pretreatment total hemoglobin concentration was found between 51μM and 370μM, with oxygen saturation of 67%–90%. There was no significant change post‐treatment. The pretreatment photosensitizer concentration varied from 1.4 to 9.2ng/mg for 2 patients. Up to 66% decrease of photosensitizer concentration was observed in one patient in the post‐treatment measurements. Conclusion: Preliminary clinical results showed significant inter‐ and intra‐prostatic variation in tissueoptical properties, oxygenation and photosensitizer concentration, suggesting that parameters other than anatomical information should be considered for PDT treatment planning.
Macrophage pacification reduces rodent pancreatitis‐induced hepatocellular injury through down‐regulation of hepatic tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin‐1β

Overproduction of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and nitric oxide (NO) is believed to be detrimental during the progression of acute pancreatitis, yet little is known about the hepatic production of these mediators and their role in mediating pancreatitis-induced hepatic dysfunction. Rats were randomized to receive a single intraperitoneal injection of the macrophage-pacifying compound, CNI-1493 (1.0 mg/kg), or vehicle 1 hour before the induction of retrograde bile salt pancreatitis. Sham-operated animals served as controls. Animals were killed 18 hours later, with serum and livers harvested to determine the degree of hepatocellular injury and the induction of TNF-, IL-1beta, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In addition, serum TNF- and nitrites (end-product of NO breakdown) were determined in each group to assess the mechanism of action of CNI-1493. TNF-, IL-1beta, and iNOS gene expression (by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction) as well as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) (but not alkaline phosphatase [ALP]) increased following the development of pancreatitis (all P < .05). Macrophage pacification significantly prevented the induction of TNF- and IL-1beta mRNA (but not iNOS), resulting in lessened serum AST, ALT, and LDH (all P < .05). Serum TNF- protein and nitrites correlated with gene induction in that both were increased following the onset of pancreatitis, and TNF- protein production was significantly attenuated in animals receiving CNI-1493. Hepatocellular, but not bile duct, injury occurs during experimental pancreatitis that is associated with hepatic TNF-, IL-1beta, and iNOS mRNA gene induction, as well as TNF- protein and nitrite production. Preventing the production of TNF- and IL-1beta by macrophage pacification attenuates the hepatocellular damage, suggesting that these mediators play a role in pancreatitis-induced hepatic injury.
Mass Spectrometric-Based Stable Isotopic 2-Aminobenzoic Acid Glycan Mapping for Rapid Glycan Screening of Biotherapeutics

Fast, sensitive, robust methods for "high-level" glycan screening are necessary during various stages of a biotherapeutic product's lifecycle, including clone selection, process changes, and quality control for lot release testing. Traditional glycan screening involves chromatographic or electrophoretic separation-based methods, and, although reproducible, these methods can be time-consuming. Even ultrahigh-performance chromatographic and microfluidic integrated LC/MS systems, which work on the tens of minute time scale, become lengthy when hundreds of samples are to be analyzed. Comparatively, a direct infusion mass spectrometry (MS)-based glycan screening method acquires data on a millisecond time scale, exhibits exquisite sensitivity and reproducibility, and is amenable to automated peak annotation. In addition, characterization of glycan species via sequential mass spectrometry can be performed simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate a quantitative high-throughput MS-based mapping approach using stable isotope 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) for rapid "high-level" glycan screening.
Design and analysis of multihypothesis motion-compensated prediction (MHMCP) codec for error-resilient visual communications

A multi-hypothesis motion compensated prediction (MHMCP) scheme, which predicts a block from a weighted superposition of more than one reference blocks in the frame buffer, is proposed and analyzed for error resilient visual communication in this research. By combining these reference blocks effectively, MHMCP can enhance the error resilient capability of compressed video as well as achieve a coding gain. In particular, we investigate the error propagation effect in the MHMCP coder and analyze the rate-distortion performance in terms of the hypothesis number and hypothesis coefficients. It is shown that MHMCP suppresses the short-term effect of error propagation more effectively than the intra refreshing scheme. Simulation results are given to confirm the analysis. Finally, several design principles for the MHMCP coder are derived based on the analytical and experimental results.
Hydrogen Bonding Effects on the Electronic Configuration of Five-Coordinate High-Spin Iron(II) Porphyrinates

The characterization of a new five-coordinate derivative of (2-methylimidazole)(tetraphenylporphinato)iron(II) provides new and unique information about the effects of forming a hydrogen bond to the coordinated imidazole on the geometric and electronic structure of iron in these species. The complex studied has two crystallographically distinct iron sites; one site has an axial imidazole ligand modified by an external hydrogen bond, and the other site has an axial imidazole ligand with no external interactions. The iron atoms at the two sites have distinct geometric features, as revealed in their molecular structures, and distinct electronic structures, as shown by Mossbauer spectroscopy, although both are high spin (S = 2). The molecule with the external hydrogen bond has longer equatorial Fe−Np bonds, a larger displacement of the iron atom out of the porphyrin plane, and a shorter axial bond compared to its counterpart with no hydrogen bonding. The Mossbauer features are distinct for the two sites, with...
The significance of peritoneal cytology in patients with carcinoma of the cervix

Between 1972 and 1977, 141 patients with benign gynecologic disease and 149 patients with carcinoma of the cervix were evaluated with peritoneal fluid cytology at time of celiotomy. There was no positive cytology (malignant cells) in the benign disease group. The overall incidence of positive peritoneal cytology in the cervical group was 8.1%. Positive peritoneal cytology was found four times more frequently in adenocarcinoma and adenosquamous carcinomas than squamous carcinomas. The incidence in patients undergoing surgery for recurrent or persistent carcinoma after radiation therapy was 22.6% compared to 4.5% in those treated primarily with definitive surgery. The prognoses do not seem to be influenced by peritoneal cytology status when other poor prognostic factors were considered.