cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting capacitor reliability in a module-integrated photovoltaic inverter using stress factors from an environmental usage model

In order for photovoltaic energy to achieve grid parity, the levelized cost of energy (the total lifetime cost) must be reduced. This is not possible by addressing only the solar cells since the inverter is a critical weak link in the system. It is well known that aluminum electrolytic capacitors, ubiquitous in power electronic converters, have end-of-life and failure modes that are sensitive to environmental conditions including temperature. In an ACPV system the inverter is mounted on the photovoltaic (PV) module which exposes the capacitors to potentially elevated temperatures which can increase their failure rate. Existing techniques of derating the capacitors increase the cost of the inverter, so they must be applied judiciously. This paper presents a technique to more accurately compute the MTBF of the capacitors used in a PV inverter by utilizing a thermal model of the PV module to predict operating temperature.
The development of educational testing

In this brief history of the testing movement, Mr. Gerberich traces its development from crude beginnings to its present complex structure. The author is executive officer of the American Education...
Solidary wave formation through nonlinear coupling of finite exponential waves

Abstract Using the Korteweg-de Vries equation as an example, a model of solition formation is demonstrated in which the non-linearity mediates the coupling between real exponential waves, characteristic of the linear medium.
Sensitivity and specificity of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers and the Social Communication Questionnaire in preschoolers suspected of having pervasive developmental disorders

This study assessed the psychometric properties of the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) in a sample of preschool children referred for possible pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs). The sample consisted of 82 children between the ages of 18 and 70 months (54 with a PDD diagnosis and 28 with non-PDD diagnoses). M-CHAT scores were analyzed for 56 children aged 18-48 months old and SCQ scores were analyzed for 65 children aged 30-70 months old. Optimal sensitivity and specificity were achieved using the cutoff score of any three items on the M-CHAT and lowering the cutoff score of the SCQ. The diagnostic agreement of both instruments was also compared in an overlapping subsample of 39 children aged 30-48 months. Overall, the M-CHAT and SCQ appear to more accurately classify children with PDDs who have lower intellectual and adaptive functioning.
Immunologic layer formation on metal microelectrodest

Abstract Protein multilayers formed by the immune reaction are being visualized on the highly curved apex of a metal microelectrode by transmission electron microscopy. The morphology of antigen monolayers and immune multilayers are observed at 200 kV in a direction parallel to the electrode surface. A “complete” layer of ferritin is only one molecule thick (and loosely packed) when deposited from solution. Densely packed, multilayer structures form only when the ferritin layer is reacted with its antibody in solution. The immunologic specificity of ferritin adsorbed on a metal microelectrode, and the passivation of the microelectrode against nonspecific adsorption from solution are documented. Morphological changes in immune multilayers caused by surface tension forces and protein denaturation at a water-air and an ethanol-air interface are discussed. Critical-point drying in CO2, and freeze-drying under vacuum are used to minimize changes in layer morphology.
EVID: a system for interactive defeasible reasoning

Abstract I describe a system for interactive, automated defeasible reasoning. An application program using this system can infer a conclusion defeasibly from a conjunction of supporting facts together with an appropriate general rule. This particular inference of the conclusion might be defeated by additional facts, although other independent evidence could still support the conclusion on the basis of other rules. The system has been implemented in Prolog, and includes an extensive logical interface that permits the user to interact with and override an application program's defeasible conclusions, subject to certain constraints on the user's consistency. Applications to decision support systems are described.
Joint and soft-tissue injection: A useful adjuvant to systemic and local treatment

PREVIEWAlthough corticosteroid injection is only a temporary treatment measure, it can provide needed short- and long-term benefit in certain conditions. Pain and inflammation in joints, bursae, and tendons respond well to injection, and when appropriate systemic therapy is added, long-lasting remission may be achieved. Dr Genovese summarizes when and how to use steroid-injection therapy and what cautions to exercise to avoid complications.
Books on hydrology

During the past year five new textbooks on the subject of hydrology have been published. We are accustomed to textbooks in the older sciences like astronomy, geology, and meteorology, but hydrology is as yet new and workers in this field have generally relied upon the Transactions d the AGU for information on theories and principles. However, a number of eminent hydrologists apparently have almost in unison discerned a lack of modern textbooks on hydrology.
Allah's kolkhozes: migration, de-Stalinisation, privatisation and the new Muslim congregations in the Soviet realm (1950s–2000s)

Allah's Kolkhozes is a collection of micro-histories – detailed studies of individual communities in Central Asia, the Caucasus, and the Tatar region. The volume is the result of a four-year intern...
Behavioral assessment of horses in therapeutic riding programs

Abstract A behavioral assessment of horses who were being used and not used in therapeutic riding programs was conducted to help determine useful methods of selecting horses for use in therapeutic riding programs. A total of 103 horses (76 horses from five therapeutic riding centers and 27 non-therapeutic riding horses from four sites) were used. Temperament survey for each horse were completed by three riding instructors at each therapeutic riding center or by the individual most knowledgeable about the horse at the other sites. Twenty personality traits from the survey were used to quantify temperament. Concentrations of plasma cortisol, norepinephrine and epinephrine were also measured in each horse. A reactivity test was then conducted which involved introducing three novel stimuli: a walking and vocalizing toy pig placed on a cardboard surface in front of the horse for 20 s; popping a balloon near the horse's flank area; and suddenly opening an umbrella and holding it open in front of the horse for 20 s. Reactions (expressions, vocalizations and movement) to each of the stimuli were scored and used to calculate an average reactivity score for each horse. The therapeutic riding instructors did not often agree on the temperament of their center's horses. The personality trait ratings made by the therapeutic riding instructors at each center were on average significantly correlated ( P r >0.52) for only 37.8% of the horses for any two instructors and 7.8% for three instructors. No significant correlations were found between temperament, reactivity, and the hormone concentrations ( r P P P =0.08). The difference in ratings among riding instructors indicates a need for more collaboration between instructors when evaluating horse temperament. This study also indicates that it was very difficult to objectively determine the suitability of horses for therapeutic riding programs regarding their temperament and reactivity, probably because other traits (e.g., smoothness of gait) are also considered very important.
Upsetting National Priorities: The Reagan Administration's Budgetary Strategy

We use simulations based on a multiequation model of federal budgetary outcomes to assess the Reagan administrations impact on the federal budget during fiscal years 1982–86. Reagan's aggregate budget priorities represent a significant departure from the priorities of prior postwar administrations. The bulk of this shift in priorities had occurred by fiscal 1984. Defense spending and uncontrollable domestic spending were higher, and spending on domestic controllable programs lower under Reagan than they would otherwise have been. The distinctiveness of Reagan's budgetary priorities can be attributed to his tax cuts and—far from a strategy of “starving the budget by reducing revenues”—to a failure to allow fiscal pressures to restrain spending. The model projects that without tax cuts Reagan's predecessors would have spent no less on defense than Reagan. Cutting taxes increased the deficit by about 30 billion.
GENDER AND MORTALITY TREND IN 16,736 ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES’ PATIENTS: A 20-YEAR REGISTRY

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The present study evaluated the impact of gender in patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) across a 20-year period in Qatar. Data were collected for all patients presenting with ACS who were admitted
Infection prevention and control standards in assisted living facilities: are residents' needs being met?

Abstract Background Assisted living facilities (ALFs) provide housing and care to persons unable to live independently, and who often have increasing medical needs. Disease outbreaks illustrate challenges of maintaining adequate resident protections in these facilities. Objectives Describe current state laws on assisted living admissions criteria, medical oversight, medication administration, vaccination requirements, and standards for infection control training. Methods We abstracted laws and regulations governing assisted living facilities for the 50 states using a structured abstraction tool. Selected characteristics were compared according to the time period in which the regulation took effect. Selected state health departments were queried regarding outbreaks identified in assisted living facilities. Results Of the 50 states, 84% specify health-based admissions criteria to assisted living facilities; 60% require licensed health care professionals to oversee medical care; 88% specifically allow subcontracting with outside entities to provide routine medical services onsite; 64% address medication administration by assisted living facility staff; 54% specify requirements for some form of initial infection control training for all staff; 50% require reporting of disease outbreaks to the health department; 18% specify requirements to offer or require vaccines to staff; 30% specify requirements to offer or require vaccines to residents. Twelve states identified approximately 1600 outbreaks from 2010 to 2013, with influenza or norovirus infections predominating. Conclusions There is wide variation in how assisted living facilities are regulated in the United States. States may wish to consider regulatory changes that ensure safe health care delivery, and minimize risks of infections, outbreaks of disease, and other forms of harm among assisted living residents.
A DESCRIPTION OF A TONKAWA PEYOTE MEETING HELD IN 1902

In the years 1932-34, during the course of ethnological investigations among the Chiricahua Apache Indians living on the Mescalero Indian Reservation of New Mexico, 1 the writer was fortunate enough to obtain a lengthy autobiographical account from Samuel F. Kenoi, a prominent member of the tribe. Mr. Kenoi had been a victim of the forced exodus of his people from Arizona following the Geronimo outbreak of 1886 and had been removed with other Chiricahua, first to Florida, then to Alabama, later to Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, and at length, in 1913, was permitted to take up residence at Mescalero. At various times during his childhood and youth he attended government schools, and this excerpt from the autobiography is his description of a Tonkawa peyote rite which he attended in 1902 while on a visit to former classmates of Chilocco school days, of some seven years before. The Chiricahua Apache never used peyote and there is no reason to believe that Apache notions have been injected into this account. Because of the present keen interest in the history and growth of the peyote cult and the paucity of information concerning the Tonkawa Indians and their peyote rite, the publication of this section has been thought desirable. According to Lipan Apache informants, the Tonkawa were among the first of the tribes north of Mexico to accept peyote, having been taught its use by the Carrizo Indians of the Texas Gulf region.2 While the informant's words have not been changed, this section has been greatly condensed, for aspects of the account irrelevant to the ethnology of the Tonkawa or to their peyote rite have been deleted.
Prone and supine positioning effects on dry heat loss of healthy newborn Infants

We investigated whether altered dry heat loss could be responsible for the reported increase in energy expenditure of neonates in supine position. In 20 healthy newborn infants (gestational age 36±2.6 wks, weight at the time of study 2.39±0.55 kg, nursed in a single-walled incubator at thermo- neutral temperature), dry heat loss(HL) was measured for half an hour, the newborn lying in prone and in supine position at a random sequence. HL was determined from the average heatflux, measured by means of 17 heatflux transducers attached to the body surface (yielding a sensor density of 85 /m2), and the body surface. Heat loss of newborns was 8.4 % higher in supine than in prone position (HL supine 1.80 vs HL prone 1.66 Watt/kg, p<0.01). This increased HL in supine position was mainly due to increased heat loss from the axillary sites, dependent on arm positioning, the R lower abdomen and the limbs.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Analysis of the Trauma Practices Questionnaire

Objective: The present study provides psychometric data for the Trauma Practices Questionnaire (TPQ). Method: A nationally randomized sample of 2,400 surveys was sent to self-identified trauma treatment specialists, and 711 (29.6%) were returned. Results: An exploratory factor analysis (N = 319) conducted on a randomly split sample (RSS) revealed a 19-item, six-factor structure. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the six-factor model on the second RSS (N = 320). The hypothesized model demonstrated adequate fit (comparative fit index [CFI] = .94 and root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .07). Post hoc modifications significantly improved model fit (CFI = .95 and RMSEA = .06). Alpha reliabilities ranged from .72 to .82. Conclusions: The TPQ has evidence of validity for assessing trauma practice patterns among clinical social workers and clinical psychologists.
Vasectomy in rhesus monkeys. IV. Electron microscopic studies of the seminiferous epithelium.

Studies were undertaken to assess the fine structural effects of vasectomy upon the rhesus monkey testis, using 27 monkeys subjected to one of three surgical techniques: control sham operation (COS), unilateral silk vasoligation (USV), or unilateral clasp vaso-occlusion (UCV). The monkeys were sacrificed from 1 to 66 weeks after surgery; tissues were fixed in glutaral-dehyde in collidine buffer and processed for electron microscopy (EM) using routine techniques. No alterations were noted in the seminiferous epithelium of any COS animal; only focal lesions were found in vasectomized animals. These changes correlated with length of time post-vasectomy, a finding consistent with earlier light microscopic studies (Heidger et al., '78). Even at the longest post-operative periods studied, spermatogenesis appeared in most animals to be normal. One animal exhibited areas in which the seminiferous epithelium consisted of Sertoli cells and spermatogonia, only. The seminiferous epithelium of approximately one-third of other animals, both on the vasectomized and contra-lateral sides, exhibited such alterations as development of extensive infoldings and duplication within the basal lamina, and presence within the basal Sertoli cell cytoplasm of late spermatids and sperm tails. These alterations were observed in both UCV and USV animals. The presence of such late germ cells in the basal Sertoli cell cytoplasm was noted by light microscopy; however, lu-minal spermiophages encountered in one animal at the light microscopic level were not detected in our EM study, which underscores the limitations of EM as a survey technique. All UCV animals developed spermatic granulomas of the vas, whereas only 3 of 13 USV animals developed such granulomas. It does not appear that the alterations exhibited by the animals in this study would necessarily dispose toward impaired spermatogenesis following vasovasostomy.
Potassium and stress alleviation: Physiological functions and management of cotton

Potassium (K) plays a major role in the basic functions of plant growth and development. In addition, K is also involved in numerous physiological functions related to plant health and resistance to biotic and abiotic stress. However, K deficiency occurs widely resulting in poor growth, lost yield, and reduced fiber quality. This review describes the physiological functions of K and its role in stress relief and also provides some agronomic aspects of K requirements, diagnosis of soil and plant K status, and amelioration. The physiological processes described include enzymes and the regulation of organic-compound synthesis, water relations and stomates, photosynthesis, transport, cell signaling, and plant response to drought stress, cold stress, salt stress, as well as biotic stresses. The agronomic aspects of K fertilization include the K requirements of cotton, K uptake, and soil characteristics, genotypic variation in K uptake and use, and characteristics of K deficiency in cotton. In addition, diagnosis and amelioration of K soil and plant status is discussed.
Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man

(1990). Joyce's Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man. The Explicator: Vol. 48, No. 4, pp. 275-277.
Nearly Trend-Free Block Designs

Abstract Trend-free block designs were developed to permit elimination of effects of low-order components of common within-block trends over experimental units. It is known that, for certain combinations of design parameters, trend-free block designs do not exist. In this article, concepts and properties of nearly trend-free block designs are presented in general, and complete block designs with linear or quadratic trends over plots within blocks are studied in particular. It is found that, under a linear trend, if trend-free complete block designs do not exist, nearly trend-free block designs can be constructed and they are A- and D-optimal. When the trend is quadratic, highly efficient designs can be obtained.
Molecular characterization of a chemotaxis operon in the oral spirochete, Treponema denticola.

Abstract A chemotaxis gene cluster from Treponema denticola (Td), a pathogenic spirochete associated with human periodontal diseases, was cloned, sequenced, and analyzed. The gene cluster contained three chemotaxis (che) genes (cheA, cheW, and cheY) and an open reading frame (cheX) that is homologous with Treponema pallidum (Tp) and Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb) cheX. The Td che genes have the same transcriptional orientation with a sigma 70-like promoter located upstream of cheA and a stem–loop structure characteristic of a Rho-independent transcriptional terminator downstream of cheY. Primer extension analysis identified a transcriptional start point six nucleotides (nt) downstream of the −10 (TAAAAA) promoter sequence. Reverse-transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) data indicated that cheA through cheY are co-transcribed and suggested that transcription is terminated after cheY. The gene organization of the Td che operon is identical to that of the Tp che operon. Southern blot analysis indicated the presence of one copy of each che gene on the Td genome. The cheA, cheW, cheX, and cheY genes are 2403, 1332, 462, and 438 nt long, respectively, and encode proteins with predicted molecular masses of 88.2, 49.7, 16.8, and 16.0 kDa, respectively. Functional domains of the T. denticola CheA and CheY proteins are highly conserved with those of the Escherichia coli (Ec) CheA and CheY proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of Td CheY indicated that it is closely related to Tp CheY and Bb CheY3.
Some Characteristics of Nocturnal Penile Tumescence during Puberty

Extract: This paper presents a study of nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) and the relation of this phenomenon to stage 1 rapid eye movement (REM) sleep for a group of pubertal males. Ten subjects, ages 12.8 to 15.3 years, slept in the laboratory for three consecutive nights. Electroencephalograms, electrooculograms, and measurements of penile erections were recorded. The average tumescence time per night was 158.99 min; average REM time was 137.07 min. Average simultaneous REM and tumescence per night was 101.89 min. These subjects averaged 6.85 tumescence episodes/night, and, of these, 5.15 occurred during a REM period. Tumescence episodes during REM averaged 30.77 min in duration, whereas episodes which occurred when no REM was present averaged 11.75 min. All subjects had at least four REM periods per night and at least three tumescence episodes. No subject had more than 6 REM periods or more than 11 tumescence episodes. The amount of penile tumescence during a night's sleep was found to be less subject to the first night effect than was total sleep time, which indicates the strength of the underlying process controlling tumescence. Two components of NPT were described: a high probability component (maximum tumescence during REM), and a variable probability component (all nonmaximum and non-REM tumescence). Although the results indicated that there is a close relation between REM and tumescence, no simple cause and effect relation between the two phenomena was apparent. NPT seems to be a complex process with multiple functions. Although it may play a role in sexual development, it may be only partially related to the sexual activity of the mature male. Speculation: Nocturnal penile tumescence in pubertal males is temporally related to the appearance of REM activity during sleep. This tumescence represents a complex process with multiple functions, one of which may be sexual development.
Effect of Teat Cup Liner Diameter and Mouthpiece on the Milking Rate, Machine Stripping, and Mastitis of Dairy Cows

Abstract Milking machines equipped with teat cup liners having bore diameters of 7 8 , 1 1 16 ,and 1 1 4 in. and two types of mouthpieces were used to milk dairy cows. Each type of liner was used for 28-day periods. There were no significant differences in milking rate due to bore diameter. The type of mouthpiece did not affect the rate of milk flow nor the machine stripping time. More difficulty was encountered in keeping the narrow bore liners and solid mouthpiece liners attached to the cows' teats. The bore diameter and type of mouthpiece did not influence the degree of udder irritation or new mastitis infection rate of cows milked with the various types of liners. Under the conditions of this experiment, the narrow-bore molded liner had no advantage for milking cows over the medium- or wide-bore molded liners.
Effect of Thirty Days of Creatine Supplementation with Phosphate Salts on Anaerobic Working Capacity and Body Weight in Men

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 30 days of single-dose creatine supplementation with phosphate salts (CPS) on body weight (BW) and anaerobic working capacity (AWC) in men. Using a double-blind design, 32 men randomly received 1 serving of either CPS (5 g Cr + 4 g phosphate) (n = 17) or 20 g of dextrose as placebo (PL) (n = 15) for 30 days. AWC determined from the Critical Power Test and BW were measured at baseline, 10 days, 20 days, 30 days, and 10 days post-supplementation. Results (2 x 5 ANOVA) showed no significant differences between groups for AWC at any time point; however, BW was significantly increased at 10 days in the CPS group (1.0 kg) vs. PL (0.0 kg), and remained elevated for the duration of the study. These findings suggest that a single 5 g x d(-1) dose of CPS for 30 days increases BW but is not effective for increasing AWC in men.
GMM Estimation of Spatial Autoregressive Models with Moving Average Disturbances

In this paper, we introduce the one-step generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation methods considered in Lee (2007a) and Liu, Lee, and Bollinger (2010) to a spatial autoregressive model that has a spatial moving average process in the disturbance term (for short SARMA (1,1)). First, we determine the set of the best linear and quadratic moment functions for the GMM estimation. Second, we show that the GMM estimator (GMME) formulated from this set is the most efficient estimator within the class of GMMEs formulated from the set of linear and quadratic moment functions. Our analytical results show that the GMME can be asymptotically equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), when the disturbance term is i.i.d. Normal. When the disturbance term is simply i.i.d., the one-step GMME can be more efficient than the quasi MLE (QMLE). With an extensive Monte Carlo study, we compare its finite sample properties against the MLE, the QMLE and the estimators suggested in Fingleton (2008).
Power electronics and rotating machines — Past, present and future

An interpretation of historical developments in power electronics and rotating machines provides a perspective for anticipating future developments in a-c adjustable-speed drives. A chronology traces the evolution of engineering practice in power engineering from early rotating machines to modern electronic power conversion and related motor technologies. The manner in which power electronics and rotating machines have functionally competed with, and at the same time enhanced each other, is examined.
Basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-1β regulate S100β expression in cultured astrocytes

Abstract Basic fibroblast growth factor and interleukin-1 β are known to regulate the expression of other trophic factors and to stimulate reactive gliosis in vivo . S100 β is a glial-specific putative neurotrophic factor and has been considered a marker of the reactive status of astrocytes. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-1 β achieve their effects by altering S100 β gene expression in cultured rat astrocytes using an RNase protection assay. Short-term treatment with basic fibroblast growth factor-2 produced a transient decrease in S100 β messenger RNA which was followed by an increase after longer term treatment. In contrast, both short- and long-term treatment with interleukin-1 β suppressed S100 β messenger RNA. We measured levels of S100 β nuclear primary transcript to assess whether alterations in transcriptional rate explain the changes in messenger RNA. Our results indicate that changes in transcription account for changes in steady state levels of messenger RNA since basic fibroblast growth factor-2-induced changes in S100 β primary transcript temporally preceded changes in messenger RNA. We further measured intracellular S100 β protein levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine whether changes in gene expression were translated into parallel changes in protein. Our results clearly demonstrate that basic fibroblast growth factor-2 and interleukin-1 β influence the expression of the S100 β gene, that this regulation appears to occur at the level of transcription, and that alterations in messenger RNA are sometimes, but not always, reflected in changes at the level of protein. These observations suggest that basic fibroblast growth factor-2 may amplify its trophic effects, in part, by influencing the expression of another trophic factor.
Novel Biologically Active Taxol Analogues: Baccatin III 13-(N-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-(2′R,3′S)-3′-phenylisoserinate ) and Baccatin III 13-(N-benzoyl-(2′R,3′S)-3′-(p-chlorophenyl)isoserinate )

Abstract Two novel taxol analogues, baccatin III 13-(N-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-(2′R,3′S)-phenylisoserinate) ( 2 ) and baccatin III 13-(N-benzoyl-(2′R,3′S)-3′(p-chlorophenyl)isoserinate) ( 3 ) were synthesized from 7-triethylsilyl baccatin III ( 4 ) and N-acyl 3-ethoxyethyloxy-4-aryl-2-azetidinones 5 and 6 in two steps and excellent overall yield. Both derivatives demonstrated activity in the microtubule assembly assay and cytotoxicity against B16 melanoma cells comparable to taxol.
Cultivation of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b: III. production of particulate methane monooxygenase in continuous culture.

Continous culture experiments with the obligatory methanotroph, Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b, were conducted to study the whole-cell methane monooxygenase (MMO) and nitrogenase activities in a nitrate minimal salts medium under oxygen-limited conditions with methane as the carbone source. The important variables investigated were the feed medium concentrations of copper and nitrate, CO2 addition, the agitation speed, and the dilution rate. M. trichosporium OB3b required quantitative amounts of copper (2.6 × 10−4 g Cu/g dry cell Wt) for the exclusive production of particulate MMo during continous culture growth. When the feed medium nitrate concentration was varied in the range of 5-50 mM, the whole-cell specific pMMO activity exhibited a maximum at 40 mM. The elimination of external CO2 gassing decreased pMMO activity by more than 30%. The steady-state cell density increased continuously over a 300-700 rpm range of agitation speed, whereas, the pMMO activity became maximal at 400 rpm. Also, the pMMO activity increased with the dilution rate up to 0.06 h−1 and remained constant thereafter. Maximal continuous pMMO productivity was, thus, achieved in Higgin's medium containing 10 μM Cu, 80 μM Fe, and 40 mM nitrate with an agitation speed of 500 rpm and a dilution rate of 0.06 h−1. Nitrogenase activity, on the other hand, increased over a feed medium copper concentration of 2-15 μM, falling sharply at 20 μM, and it exhibited a minimum at 20 mM when the feed medium nitrate concentration was varied. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isogeometric analysis on triangulations

We present a method for isogeometric analysis on the triangulation of a domain bounded by NURBS curves. In this method, both the geometry and the physical field are represented by bivariate splines in Bernstein-Bezier form over the triangulation. We describe a set of procedures to construct a parametric domain and its triangulation from a given physical domain, construct C^r-smooth basis functions over the domain, and establish a rational Triangular Bezier Spline (rTBS) based geometric mapping that C^r-smoothly maps the parametric domain to the physical domain and exactly recovers the NURBS boundaries at the domain boundary. As a result, this approach can achieve automated meshing of objects with complex topologies and allow highly localized refinement. Isogeometric analysis of problems from linear elasticity and advection-diffusion analysis is demonstrated.
A Case Study of a Speech-Language Pathologist's Supervision of Assistants in a School Setting: Tracy's Story

The purpose of this article is to present a single case study about a newly graduated speech-language pathologist working in a small, urban school district and her experiences with a series of speech-language assistants having various levels of qualification and personality types. The case illustrates how levels of professional supervision skills, pre-service paraprofessional training, professional/paraprofessional role distinctions, hiring practices, pay, and working conditions interact and impact on the successful use of speech-language paraprofessionals working in education settings. Evidence gathered in the case support the contention that pre-service preparation for speech-language pathologists to function in supervisory roles is an important factor in ensuring the appropriate use of speech-language paraprofessionals.
Disease Burden from Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Guangdong Province, China

Objective: To estimate the disease burden and financial burden attributed to hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in Guangdong Province. Methods: Based on the data of incidence, mortality and healthcare cost of HBV-related diseases and other socio-economic data in Guangdong Province, we estimated deaths, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and economic cost for the three HBV-related diseases—hepatitis B, liver cirrhosis and liver cancer—in Guangdong following the procedures developed for the global burden of disease study. Then disease burden and economic cost attributed to HBV infection was estimated. Results: HBV infection was estimated to have caused 33,600 (95% confidence interval (CI): 29,300–37,800) premature deaths and the loss of 583,200 (95% CI: 495,200–671,100) DALYs in Guangdong in 2005. The greatest loss of deaths and DALYs were from liver cancer. The 45–59 years age group had the greatest burden attributable to HBV infection. The estimated total annual cost of HBV-related diseases in Guangdong was RMB 10.8 (95% CI: 8.7–13.0) billion，the direct and indirect cost were RMB 2.6 (95% CI: 2.1–3.2) and 8.2 (95% CI: 6.6–9.8) billion. Conclusions: HBV infection is a great medical challenge as well as a significant economic burden to Guangdong Province. The results suggest that substantial health benefits could be gained by extending effective public health and clinical interventions to reduce HBV infection in Guangdong Province.
Trendelenburg position and oxygen transport in hypovolemic adults

Study objective: To evaluate the effect of the Trendelenburg position on oxygen transport in hypovolemic patients. Design: A prospective, self-controlled sequential design. Interventions: All patients had indwelling pulmonary artery catheters, and hypovolemia was confirmed by a pulmonary artery wedge pressure of 6 mm Hg or less. Hemodynamic and oxygen transport variables were measured with the patient supine and again ten minutes after placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position. Setting: University-affiliated tertiary care surgical ICU. Type of participants: Eight postoperative adults. Results: Mean arterial blood pressure increased from 64.9±4.9 to 75.6±3.5 mm Hg ( P P 5 ( P Conclusion: The increase in blood pressure from Trendelenburg position is not associated with an improvement in blood flow or tissue oxygenation.
Basis Task Approach to Iterative Learning Control With Applications to Micro-Robotic Deposition

Two basic requirements in iterative learning control (ILC), among others, are trial-to-trial trajectory invariance and system dynamics invariance. The ILC algorithm must be reinitiated if either the trajectory or system dynamics vary in-between trials. Here, we introduce a framework that flexibly applies ILC such that trajectory and system dynamics constraints are alleviated. The framework exploits the characteristic that many manufacturing operations are comprised of a set of repeated tasks, termed basis tasks here. Instead of applying ILC to the complete operation trajectory, the correct input signal to accurately perform each constitutive basis task is identified by ILC in a training routine. After basis task training, the corresponding input signals, termed basis signals, are applied in a coordinated manner based on instructions from task-oriented machine languages, such as the pervasive G-Code. This framework allows the reference trajectory to be arbitrarily chosen, provided it is comprised of the defined basis tasks. Key definitions, assumptions, and a general application with performance bounds are detailed. An example application on a micro-robotic deposition (μRD) rapid prototyping system displays the utility of the framework in fabricating two distinct structures without reinitiating the ILC algorithm in-between manufacturing operations.
HIGH REE AND Y CONCENTRATIONS IN Co-Cu-Au ORES OF THE BLACKBIRD DISTRICT, IDAHO

Analysis of 11 samples of strata-bound Co-Cu-Au ore from the Blackbird district in Idaho shows previously unknown high concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and Y, averaging 0.53 wt percent ∑REE + Y oxides. Scanning electron microscopy indicates REE and Y residence in monazite, xenotime, and allanite that form complex intergrowths with cobaltite, suggesting coeval Co and REE + Y mineralization during the Mesoproterozoic. Occurrence of high REE and Y concentrations in the Blackbird ores, together with previously documented saline-rich fluid inclusions and Cl-rich biotite, suggest that these are not volcanogenic massive sulfide or sedimentary exhalative deposits but instead are iron oxide-copper-gold (IOCG) deposits. Other strata-bound Co deposits of Proterozoic age in the North American Cordillera and elsewhere in the world may have potential for REE and Y resources. IOCG deposits with abundant light REE should also be evaluated for possible unrecognized heavy REE and Y mineralization.
Managing work‐life conflict among information technology workers

As organizations continue to emphasize information technology (IT) to help them compete, IT professionals are being asked to overcome a growing list of challenges. This unrelenting emphasis on IT initiatives often results in longer working hours and around-the-clock support, placing IT workers at risk of suffering from work-life conflict. Human resource managers must skillfully manage this issue, with a particular focus on mitigating the consequences associated with work-life conflict. This article provides an analysis of the antecedents to work-life conflict in the IT profession, as well as solutions that organizations may implement to increase the work-life balance of IT professionals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The economic value of personalized medicine tests: what we know and what we need to know

There is uncertainty about when personalized medicine tests provide economic value. We assessed evidence on the economic value of personalized medicine tests and gaps in the evidence base. We created a unique evidence base by linking data on published cost–utility analyses from the Tufts Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry with data measuring test characteristics and reflecting where value analyses may be most needed: (i) tests currently available or in advanced development, (ii) tests for drugs with Food and Drug Administration labels with genetic information, (iii) tests with demonstrated or likely clinical utility, (iv) tests for conditions with high mortality, and (v) tests for conditions with high expenditures. We identified 59 cost–utility analyses studies that examined personalized medicine tests (1998–2011). A majority (72%) of the cost/quality-adjusted life year ratios indicate that testing provides better health although at higher cost, with almost half of the ratios falling below $50,000 per quality-adjusted life year gained. One-fifth of the results indicate that tests may save money. Many personalized medicine tests have been found to be relatively cost-effective, although fewer have been found to be cost saving, and many available or emerging medicine tests have not been evaluated. More evidence on value will be needed to inform decision making and assessment of genomic priorities. Genet Med 2014:16(3):251–257
Third-harmonic generation in organic thin films as an alternative to degenerate four-wave mixing ultrafast optical image processing

We report on the use of noncollinear third-harmonic generation in thin organic films for ultrafast optical image processing using 80 fs pulses at 1550 nm and compare it with the traditional degenerate four-wave mixing approach.
Reflections on the tropical deforestation crisis

Tropical forests do far more than sustain biodiversity; they are homes to indigenous peoples, pharmacopeias of natural products, and provide vital ecosystem services, such as flood amelioration and soil conservation. At regional and global scales, tropical forests also have a major influence on carbon storage and climate. I highlight these benefits, then assess the pattern and pace of tropical forest destruction in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. Asia emerges as the most immediate concern, because it has less surviving forest than the other two regions and higher relative rates of deforestation and logging. At regional and national levels, however, there is enormous variation in rates of forest loss. I discuss some factors that tend to promote forest conversion in developing countries, and propose that four — human population pressure, weak government institutions and poor policies, increasing trade liberalization, and industrial logging — are emerging as key drivers of forest destruction. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gene Expression Profiling of Leiomyoma and Myometrial Smooth Muscle Cells in Response to Transforming Growth Factor-β

Altered expression of the TGF-beta system is recognized to play a central role in various fibrotic disorders, including leiomyoma. In this study we performed microarray analysis to characterize the gene expression profile of leiomyoma and matched myometrial smooth muscle cells (LSMC and MSMC, respectively) in response to the time-dependent action of TGF-beta and, after pretreatment with TGF-beta type II receptor (TGF-beta RII) antisense oligomer-blocking/reducing TGF-beta autocrine/paracrine actions. Unsupervised and supervised assessments of the gene expression values with a false discovery rate selected at P < or = 0.001 identified 310 genes as differentially expressed and regulated in LSMC and MSMC in a cell- and time-dependent manner by TGF-beta. Pretreatment with TGF-beta RII antisense resulted in changes in the expression of many of the 310 genes regulated by TGF-beta, with 54 genes displaying a response to TGF-beta treatment. Comparative analysis of the gene expression profile in TGF-beta RII antisense- and GnRH analog-treated cells indicated that these treatments target the expression of 222 genes in a cell-specific manner. Gene ontology assigned these genes functions as cell cycle regulators, transcription factors, signal transducers, tissue turnover, and apoptosis. We validated the expression and TGF-beta time-dependent regulation of IL-11, TGF-beta-induced factor, TGF-beta-inducible early gene response, early growth response 3, CITED2 (cAMP response element binding protein-binding protein/p300-interacting transactivator with ED-rich tail), Nur77, Runx1, Runx2, p27, p57, growth arrest-specific 1, and G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 in LSMC and MSMC using real-time PCR. Together, the results provide the first comprehensive assessment of the LSMC and MSMC molecular environment targeted by autocrine/paracrine action of TGF-beta, highlighting potential involvement of specific genes whose products may influence the outcome of leiomyoma growth and fibrotic characteristics by regulating inflammatory response, cell growth, apoptosis, and tissue remodeling.
Evolution of Epitaxial SixGei1-x Alloys on Si(100) During Thermal Annealing a-Ge/Au Bilayers Deposited on Si Substrate

Solid phase epitaxial (SPE) growth of SixGei1-x alloys on Si (100) was achieved by thermal annealing a-Ge/Au bilayers deposited on single crystal Si substrate in the temperature range of 280°C to 310°C. Growth dynamics was investigated using X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Upon annealing, Ge atoms migrate along the grain boundaries of polycrystalline Au and the epitaxial growth initiates at localized triple points between two Au grains and Si substrate, simultaneously incorporating a small amount of Si dissolved in Au. The Au is gradually displaced into the top Ge layer. Individual single crystal SixGei1-x islands then grow laterally as well as vertically. Finally, the islands coalesce to form a uniform layer of epitaxial SixGe1-x alloy on the Si substrate. The amount of Si incorporated in the final epitaxial film was found to be dependent upon the annealing temperature.
William Dwight Porter Bliss's Christian Socialism

Whatever else may be said about the Reverend William Dwight Porter Bliss, his reform energy was indefatigable. From the Haymarket Affair until the Red Scare, he was instrumental in organizing, researching, editing, publishing and lecturing on behalf of the coming of God's Kingdom. Along with Walter Rauschenbusch and George Herron, Bliss was certainly one of the most prominent spokesmen for the left wing of the Social Gospel.1 Since Bliss devoted so large a portion of his energy to translating his theory of social reorganization into specific reform programs, one is compelled to come to terms with a number of disparaging observations that have been made about his prodigious efforts. For example, Henry Demarest Lloyd remarked in 1895, that, although the minister was "a good fellow, one of the best... he must be, agitationally, a mere child."2 Nicholas Paine Gilman, the foremost advocate of profit sharing at the end of the century, described Bliss's first Christian Socialist society as an organization so vague as to be rather "something like a society for the propagation of virtue in general."3 Later historians have reiterated these criticisms. In his excellent study of the origins of socialism in America, Howard Quint suggested that Bliss's unwillingness to cooperate with the Social Democratic party "indicated a lack of political courage characteristic of the middle-class socialist movement."4 James Dombrowski, in
Answers to Dermatophile

From questions on page 171 . The answer is (B), nevus spilus. This lesion is characteristic of a nevus spilus, also known as speckled lentiginous nevus. Typically, nevus spilus presents as a tan-brown patch with superimposed brown nevi that develop over time. It is found in 1.7/1000 newborns, with boys and girls being equally affected. Parents often give a history of noticing the macular component at birth or shortly thereafter, with the gradual appearance of more and more individual nevi within the area. This lesion is …
Police Officer Schema of Sexual Assault Reports Real Rape, Ambiguous Cases, and False Reports

While extensive research has studied sexual assault reporting behaviors and described negative experiences with the criminal justice system among victim-survivors, fewer studies have explored police officer attitudes, knowledge, and thought processes that may affect victims' perceptions of negative interactions and unsatisfactory outcomes within reported sexual assault cases. This study explores police officer understanding of the definition of sexual assault and characteristics that influence their perceptions and response. Ten police officers were interviewed within one police department in a midsized city in the Great Lakes region. The study uses a modified grounded theory approach. Findings suggest that officers employ distinct schema of reported sexual assaults. Case characteristics, perceived credibility of the victim, and types of evidence formed categorizations of false reports, ambiguous cases, and legitimate sexual assaults. Police officers describe the ways in which perceptions of the case may or may not influence the response and point to areas for improvement within police procedure. The study findings provide insight into recommendations for improved police interviewing and response to reported sexual assaults.