cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Love styles, relationship experience, and sensation seeking: A test of validity☆

Abstract The present study was designed to test the validity of a typology and measure of styles of loving by examining the relationships among love styles, romantic experience and sensation seeking. Male and female research participants completed the Hendrick's (1986) Attitudes toward Love Scale and a measure of sensation seeking and answered a variety of questions about their experiences with romantic relationships. Results provided some evidence of the validity of the measure and conceptualization of love styles. However, questions were also raised about the validity of some of the scales.
Abstract 5267: Mammary stromal fibroblast activity is modulated by HoxC6: impacts on growth and metastatic potential

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Crosstalk between mammary epithelium and stromal cell types, including fibroblasts and adipocytes is 1) essential for mammary gland development 2) likely impacts breast cancer potential and 3) significantly impacts the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Although well recognized, molecular mechanisms important in stromal-epithelial crosstalk are still poorly understood. The purpose of this study is to better elucidate one potentially significant mechanism involving stromal fibroblast to epithelial paracrine signaling in the mammary gland. We previously demonstrated that HoxC6 was required for mammary epithelial cell growth and ductal branching morphogenesis using mouse models and 3-dimensional in vitro culture of human mammary epithelial cell lines. We also demonstrated that constitutive ErbB2/Her2/Neu receptor activation in epithelium of transgenics is sufficient to rescue HoxC6 deficiency in epithelial growth but not branching. Significantly, this model also shows that HoxC6 null stroma facilitates tumor metastasis. Here, we focus attention on stromal fibroblasts (vimentin positive cells) from wild type and HoxC6 null prepubertal mouse thoracic mammary glands (TMGs). When cultured in vitro, HoxC6 null TMG fibroblasts display multiple filopodia and extended cellular processes that could indicate an activated myofibroblast phenotype. In contrast, cultured wild type TMG fibroblasts appear quite similar to mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Quantitative comparisons of gene expression patterns in isolated fibroblasts indicate that HoxC6 null fibroblasts are more activated than wild type fibroblasts. Activation markers studied include alpha smooth muscle actin (ACTA2/SMA), S100A4 (Fsp1) and Wnt1-induced secreted protein 1 (Wisp1). Since estrogens are know to repress HoxC6 expression and are implicated in modulating paracrine stromal-to-epithelial interactions, stromal fibroblasts were isolated and cultured under estrogen-free conditions and treated with 17beta-estradiol, bisphenol A and vitamin D. In addition, stromal fibroblasts were co-cultured with mammary epithelial stem cells and stem-like mammary tumor cells to study the impact of stromal fibroblast HoxC6 status on epithelial cell activities. The results obtained will be discussed as they pertain to stromal-to-epithelial signaling in mammary gland development and in the growth, invasion and metastasis of tumor cells. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5267.
Space Cooling Potentials for Ambient Energy Sources Across the US

While solar energy provides a source for passive space heating across a variety of climates, other ambient energy sources may be more appropriate for passive space cooling. These ambient resources include ambient air at dry-bulb and wet-bulb temperatures, ground temperature at locations where the soil is cooler than the indoor comfort temperature, and night-sky radiant temperature, which is substantially lower than ambient air in most climates. The focus of this study was on comparing these sources to cooling loads across climates in the US. Using a degree-day approach, annual cooling potentials were calculated for over 800 TMY3 locations. Color-themed maps for each ambient source at several indoor comfort temperature ranges were constructed as visual references for design purposes. In addition, eight US cities (Denver, CO, Los Angeles, CA, Louisville, KY, Madison, WI, Miami, FL, New Orleans, LA, Phoenix, AZ and Washington DC) were selected to represent a range of climate characteristics, including seasonal ambient temperature, diurnal temperature swings, humidity and sky clearness. For each city, an ambient potential to cooling load ratio (ALR) was calculated, with the potential based on an indoor comfort temperature range of 68°F – 72°F and the load calculated with a base temperature of 65°F. ALR, which neglects phase lags between source and load and the associated need for thermal storage, exceeded one for dry-bulb air and for ground temperature for all locations except Miami, New Orleans and Phoenix. Wet-bulb ALR exceeded one for all locations except Miami, and sky ALR exceeded one for all locations. Finally, the effect of limited thermal storage was estimated by calculating daily ambient source fraction, fas , which is the daily ambient cooling potential divided by the daily cooling load. fas thus approximates the cooling potential of systems with one day’s worth of thermal storage, and has an upper limit of one. Fas , the annual sum of fas , equaled one for ground temperature for Los Angeles and Madison and for sky temperature for Denver and Los Angeles. Fas for ground temperature was above 0.9 for all locations except Miami, New Orleans and Phoenix. Fas for sky temperature exceeded 0.6 for all locations. By utilizing all possible combinations of ambient sources, half of the selected locations attained Fas equal to one and the minimum for all locations still exceeded 0.65.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Product design in less industrialized economies: constraints and opportunities in Kenya

The ability for an economy to design useful products is tied to its productivity, thus economic growth and the population’s standards of living. This paper investigates product design strategies and processes in Kenya in the country’s informal, formal, and non-governmental sectors. In analyzing Kenyan 200+ products, patterns emerged to delineate four approaches to the detailed design acquisition of common-use products: imitated design, imported design, basic original design, and specialty design. A vast majority of product designs, 54 of 55 tracked in this research, originate outside the country or were imitated from imported products. Across sectors, there is emphasis on the detailed design and manufacturing phases of the design process. Factors specific to less industrialized economies (LIEs) like Kenya, such as corruption and an inadequate infrastructure, limit design activities relative to more industrialized economies. Design constraints observed in Kenya are believed to be similar to other economies at the same levels of industrialization. For product design to sustainably support economic development in LIEs, it is imperative that design process be consistent with local conditions and be user-centric in approach.
Energy balance and weight regulation : genetics versus environment

The prevalence of obesity is reaching epidemic proportions in many industrialized countries. There is growing evidence that, even if the trigger of this epidemic is found in changes in the environment, genes are interacting with the environment to cause weight gain. Studies of twins reared apart indicate that approximately two-thirds of the variability in BMI is attributed to genetic factors. From prospective studies in Pima Indians we can ascribe 12 % of the variability in BMI to metabolic rate, 5 % to fat oxidation, and another probable 10 % to the level of spontaneous physical activity. These data indicate that at least 40 % of the variability in BMI is related to genetic factors involved in the regulation of food intake and/or volitional activity. This indicates that the most likely successful therapy for obesity may target pathways of the regulation of food intake. Similarly, an environment favouring engagement in physical activity should be promoted.
Penrose's criterion and pillai's statistic under non-normal theory

In this paper we show that pernrose's Criterion is equivalent to pillai's Statistic under non-normal assumptions. Furthermore, we prove that under normal assumptions the first tow moments of Penrose's Criterion are identical to those of pillai's Statistic, specifically for p = 2.
Knee and waist attached gyroscopes for personal navigation: Comparison of knee, waist and foot attached inertial sensors

We perform personal navigation using inertial sensors at knee, waist and foot positions. We found out that the knee attached gyroscope gives the best distance traveled information. The proposed system at the knee takes advantage of the fact that the angular displacements repeats at each period (each step of the walking person). Using this period, the system will keep the angular displacement errors bounded. Also, the waist attached gyroscope gives the best heading information. Consequently, we propose a personal navigation system that consists of gyroscopes at the knee and waist. The system performance was evaluated with a number of indoor experiments and the experimental results showed that this configuration provide better position information compared to other configurations. The system performs well even when the person is climbing stairs.
Retinoids stimulate the release of superoxide by neutrophils and change their morphology.

All-trans-retinal stimulated the release of superoxide by human and guinea pig neutrophils 63 +/- 14 SD and 53 +/- 5 SD nmol of O2-/min/10(7) cells, respectively. Superoxide release by unstimulated cells was negligible. All-trans-retinal also induced morphological changes (i.e., evaginations) in these cells. Other retinoids were effective in instigating these phenomena. The similarities of these effects to those instigated by cis-unsaturated fatty acids (Badwey, J.A., et al., 1984, J. Biol. Chem., 259:7870-7877) are discussed in light of possible mechanisms.
Treatment of refractory prurigo nodularis with lenalidomide.

Prurigo nodularis is an intensely pruritic disorder in which chronic scratching and rubbing lead to the formation of eroded and excoriated skin nodules that may become generalized. Therapy for prurigo nodularis is notoriously difficult, and relief of pruritus and clearing of the skin lesions is exceedingly difficult to achieve.
A photoreversible protein-patterning approach for guiding stem cell fate in three-dimensional gels

An approach that exploits two bioorthogonal photochemistries to achieve reversible immobilization of full-length proteins in synthetic hydrogels allows for the reversible differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts.
From primals to inner children: Margaret Atwood's reflections on therapy

(1995). From primals to inner children: Margaret Atwood's reflections on therapy. Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory: Vol. 6, Margaret Atwood, pp. 181-195.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering as a Versatile Vibrational Probe of Transition-Metal Interfaces: Thiocyanate Coordination Modes on Platinum-Group versus Coinage-Metal Electrodes

The surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) properties of thiocyanate adsorbed on platinum, palladium, rhodium, and iridium electrodes, formed by pinhole-free ultrathin film deposition onto SERS...
Suicide and unemployment: Predicting the smoothed trend and yearly fluctuations

Abstract This article extends previous studies of the association between unemployment and deviant behavior. It develops and tests a model for the prediction of the suicide rate using economic variables including the unemployment rate. It is found that both the unemployment rate and the female participation rate are powerful predictors of the suicide rate.
The effect of long-term, high-volume aerobic exercise training on postprandial lipemia and oxidative stress.

AbstractAims: We have previously found no effect of moderate-volume aerobic exercise training (˜3 hrs·wk−1) on postprandial oxidative stress. It is possible that a higher volume of exercise is needed to impact postprandial oxidative stress in young, otherwise healthy individuals. Our purpose was to compare blood triglycerides (TAGs) and oxidative stress biomarkers in 10 healthy untrained and 10 healthy highly aerobically trained (eg, ≥ 40 miles running wk−1 or ≥ 150 miles cycling wk−1) men and women following ingestion of a lipid meal. Methods: Blood samples were collected before (in a 10-hour fasted state), and 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after ingestion of a lipid load (heavy whipping cream at 1 g·kg−1). Blood samples were analyzed for TAGs, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrate/nitrite (NOx). Results: No training status or interaction effects were noted for TAGs, MDA, H2O2, or NOx (P > 0.05). However, a time effect was noted for TAGs (P = 0.01), with values higher at 2 hours (67 ± 6 mg·...
The psychophysics of remembered duration

Pigeons were trained on a psychophysical choice task to make one response after a 2-sec signal and a different response after a 10-sec signal. Delayed dimensional control was assessed by presenting durations intermediate to the short and long signals and by introducing delays between the signals and choice opportunities. In Experiment 1, choices after intermediate durations were not reinforced; in Experiment 2, one choice was reinforced after the three shortest durations and another was reinforced after the three longest durations. In Experiment 1, the slopes of the psychophysical functions decreased with increases in delays, but the decrease in stimulus control was not unbiased; choice probabilities decreased for longer durations, but did not increase for shorter durations. Experiment 2 revealed the same generalized loss of stimulus control on the temporal dimension, but not the same pattern of bias; temporal control was relinquished equally for shorter and longer durations. These results are evaluated in the context of the subjective shortening model of remembered duration (Spetch & Wilkie, 1983) and Staddon’s theory of timing and remembering (Staddon, 1984).
First branchial cleft anomalies

Our experience with anomalies of the first branchial cleft is reviewed. This includes 38 cases, the largest series collected to date. A new classification is proposed based on the anatomic findings--whether cyst, sinus, or fistula is present. The embryology and pathology of first cleft anomalies are discussed and an approach to the diagnosis and management of these lesions is given. In addition, a patient with a branchial cleft defect involving the middle ear space is reported.
Functional copolymer brushes composed of a hydrophobic backbone and densely grafted conjugated side chains via a combination of living polymerization with click chemistry

A series of well-defined copolymer brushes, PS-g-P3HT, composed of a hydrophobic coil-like PS backbone and densely grafted rod-like P3HT side chains were successfully synthesized by a combination of the quasi-living Grignard metathesis (GRIM) method, reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT), and click reaction. The molecular weight distribution of the resulting PS-g-P3HT copolymer brushes was rather narrow (polydispersity index, PDI 96%). The self-assembly of PS-g-P3HT at the air/water interface was explored using the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) technique. Quite intriguingly, circular domain arrays composed of the non-crystallized P3HT nanofibers were observed at high surface pressure.
Turkish identity and foreign policy in flux: The rise of Neo‐Ottomanism

(1998). Turkish identity and foreign policy in flux: The rise of Neo‐Ottomanism. Critique: Critical Middle Eastern Studies: Vol. 7, No. 12, pp. 19-41.
Improving access to safe drinking water in rural, remote and least-wealthy small islands: non-traditional methods in Chuuk State, Federated States of Micronesia

Western Pacific small island rural communities suffer from waterborne diseases and are among the least wealthy, most remote and resource-poor across the globe. Small landmasses, geologic composition, geographic isolation, a colonial history, and weak educational, technological and financial resources constitute significant barriers to strengthening capacity to access safe drinking water. High-technology, high-cost and complex Northern (Western) models for mitigating water access problems often prove inappropriate and unsustainable. The aim of this paper is to offer a non-traditional approach for improving both sub-national environmental analysis capacity and engaging in low-technology and low-cost mitigation of vulnerability to waterborne disease at the village-scale. The approach involves a combination of techniques, including Geographic Information Systems (GIS) training, basin management, environmental health education at the grassroots scale and working with civil society to support appropriate technologies. The findings improve understanding of remote, rural and least-wealthy small island conditions, offer guidance regarding environmental management in the Western Pacific, and provide insight for developing outreach programmes with the aim of improving conditions on similar islands globally.
The Psychosocial Assessment Tool (PAT2.0): Psychometric Properties of a Screener for Psychosocial Distress in Families of Children Newly Diagnosed with Cancer

Purpose Psychometric properties of the Psychosocial Assessment Tool 2.0 (PAT2.0), a brief screener for psychosocial risk in families of children with cancer, are presented. Methods Female (N ¼132) and male (N ¼72) caregivers of 141 children newly diagnosed with cancer completed the PAT2.0 and measures of child behavior symptoms, anxiety, acute stress, and family functioning to establish validity. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability of the PAT2.0 were also examined. Results Internal consistency and two-week test– retest for the PAT2.0 Total score was strong. Validity for the PAT2.0 was supported by significant correlations between the PAT2.0 subscales and measures of corresponding constructs. PAT2.0 Total scores were correlated with acute stress and child behavior symptoms for both mothers and fathers. Receiver-Operating Characteristic curves provided preliminary support for the proposed cutoffs. Conclusion The PAT2.0 Total score is a useful screening tool for family psychosocial risk in the pediatric oncology population.
Application of a dynamic-mixture shock-wave model to the metal–matrix composite materials

a b s t r a c t The so-called "dynamic mixture" model is applied to a prototypical metal matrix composite (MMC) system (consisting of an aluminum matrix and SiC particulates) in order to investigate the propagation of planar (i.e. one directional), longitudinal (i.e. uniaxial strain), steady (i.e. time-invariant) structured shock waves. Waves of this type are typically generated during blast-wave loading or ballistic impact and play a major role in the way blast/ballistic impact loads are introduced into a structure. Hence, the knowledge of their propagation behavior is critical for designing structures with superior blast and impact protection capacities. To validate the computational procedure used, the structured shock-wave analysis is first applied to a homogeneous (i.e. single component) metallic system (commercially pure niobium). Next, the analysis is applied to the aforementioned MMC (in the limit of intermediate to strong shocks) when the contribution of the stress deviator to the total stress state can be neglected. Finally, the computational results are compared with their experimental counterparts available in the open literature in order to validate the dynamic-mixture method used.
Pressure drops for droplet flows in microfluidic channels

Designing on-chip microfluidic pumps requires that the dependence of pressure drop across the device on the fluid flow rate be known. This relationship can be complicated for the case of two-phase droplet type flows. We characterized the flow-pressure relationship for the single-file flow of water drops in oil in microfluidic channels of rectangular cross sections. The pressure for such droplet flows was always larger—sometimes over 50% larger—than that for corresponding single-phase flows of the continuous phase. This is in spite of the fact that the water drops had a substantially lower viscosity than the continuous phase oil. The excess pressure was found to correlate reasonably well with the size of the drops relative to the size of the channels. This correlation for the excess pressure, as well as a correlation presented here for the size of drops in microchannels, should provide convenient guidelines in designing microfluidic devices for two-phase flows.
Wide Bandwidth Measurement of Permittivity using Multi-Resonant Modes

In this paper, a new dielectric measurement technique has been developed. A circular parallel plate capacitor structure was used in investigating the complex permittivity of a thin film. The full-wave analysis has been done and a simple and explicit relationship between the complex permittivity and the modal impedance has been obtained at the resonant frequencies. To investigate our measurement technique, the high order mode calculation was carried out and good results near the modal resonant frequencies was achieved
Confluence™: Knowledge-based decision support in complex missions

Today's safety and security missions are exceedingly complex, and are becoming more so every day. The operational complexity arises from the growing enormity of available information as well as the participation of multiple interdependent agencies and organizations. Increasingly, decision-makers need an integrated, intelligent system that can seamlessly acquire, fuse, reason about, distribute, and protect information to provide enhanced, individualized decision support and situational understanding as well as foster effective collaboration. To meet this need, Raytheon is developing an intelligent system called Confluence™, which consists of an ontological framework, domain independent knowledge generation, integration, and reasoning agents, as well as various visualization components. Confluence™ can be applied to any mission by creating a mission ontology that extends the common framework, and which explicitly defines a semantic model of the physical, information, cognitive, and social domains for the mission. This paper will describe the Confluence™ system and demonstrate its applicability to the mission of maritime and port security.
Pelvic inflammatory disease: new diagnostic criteria and treatment.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a disease that affects young, sexually active, reproductive-age women. Most cases are considered to be the sequelae of the sexually transmitted pathogens Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, although non–sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related PID is an established and recognized entity. Exact estimates of the incidence and prevalence of PID in the United States are unclear largely because PID is not a reportable disease. The incidence of PID increased in the 1970s and 1980s partly because of the growing epidemic of STDs, with estimates of 1 million annual cases of PID during that era[1]. Since that peak in the early 1980s, diagnosis and hospitalization rates for PID have declined. Most recent estimates of incidence provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using discharge and outpatient database investigation, stated that approximately 780,000 cases of acute PID are diagnosed annually [2]. It is unclear if this is a true decrease in incidence or if otherfactors,suchasshiftstomoreoutpatientcare,variationinSTDincidence,ora
Using traditional measurements of the left atrial diameter to predict the left atrial volume index.

BACKGROUND Left atrial enlargement by echocardiography is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, yet the best method for assessing left atrial size has not been established. We sought to correlate the traditional left atrial diameter (LAD) measured in the parasternal view with the recently characterized left atrial volume index (LAVI). METHODS 100 routine clinical patients who received a transthoracic echocardiogram for customary indications were studied. The LAD and LAVI were measured in each patient. RESULTS The mean LAVI was 32.8 milliliters per square meter (ml/m(2)) and the LAD was 46.8 millimeters (mm). LAD > 4.7 centimeters (cm) was predictive of LAVI > 32 ml/m(2) (P 4.7 cm via the traditional method can be used to indicate left atrial enlargement. However, a LAD < or = 4.7 cm does not correlate well with the LAVI, and in such patients, extreme caution should be employed when using the LAD to estimate cardiac prognosis.
Identification and functional characterization of hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α from the estuarine teleost, Fundulus heteroclitus: Interaction of HIF‐2α with two ARNT2 splice variants

The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are dimeric transcription factors that mediate changes in gene expression during adaptation of animals to oxygen stress. Both alpha (HIFα) and beta (ARNT) subunits are members of the basic helix-loop-helix/Per-ARNT-Sim family of proteins. Mammals have at least three different HIF-α subunits, paralogous proteins expressed in tissue-specific fashion (HIF-1α, HIF-2α, and HIF-3α). However, the diversity and functional properties of teleost HIFs are poorly understood. In efforts to characterize mechanisms of hypoxia adaptation in estuarine fish, we have isolated cDNAs encoding HIF subunits from Fundulus heteroclitus (Atlantic killifish or mummichog), including a HIF-2α homolog and ARNT2alt, a splice variant of ARNT2 that contains an additional exon encoding 16 amino acids near the amino terminus. HIF-2α protein synthesized in vitro binds cognate DNA elements in concert with either Fundulus ARNT2 splice variant or murine ARNT1. HIF-2α, ARNT2, and ARNT2alt mRNAs are expressed in all organs examined. The HIF-2α cDNA encodes a protein of 96.4 kDa, sharing 53–54% identity with mammalian and avian orthologs. The oxygen-dependent degradation domain, however, exhibits substantial divergence from well-conserved mammalian sequences, suggesting the possibility of important functional differences, perhaps in the sensitivity to induction of activity by hypoxia. Hypoxia-tolerant fishes such as F. heteroclitus represent a unique opportunity for the study of functional and evolutionary aspects of adaptation to hypoxia at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels. This study extends the understanding of hypoxia signaling in fish, the evolution and diversity of HIF function, and the evolution of the PAS family of proteins. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 294:17–29, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Sputtering and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) Deposition of Magneto-Optical Materials

Materials with anisotropies giving rise to perpendicular magnetization are important for optical data storage applications. However, the microscopic origin of the anisotropies is not well understood. It is now widely recognized that understanding the origin of surface and interface anisotropies is one of the most important problems in magnetism. Ultra-high vacuum deposition techniques allow the sequential deposition of layers of several elements with great regularity, and little interdiffusion and contamination at the interfaces. The microstructure of the resultant multilayer materials can vary from amorphous, or polycrystalline with only short range order, to high quality superlattices with long range structural coherence in all three dimensions. This paper gives an introduction to rare-earth/transitionmetal and transition-metal/transition-metal multilayers and superlattices. Sputtering and Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) processes used to grow these materials are then described, as are the in situ and ex situ characterization techniques used to determine their electronic and physical structure, and to measure their magnetooptic properties. Some of the magnetic and magneto-optic properties of materials produced by sputtering and MBE related to optical data storage are discussed.
Optimum phase-only adaptive nulling

Optimum weighting of adaptive antenna arrays is accomplished by computing the weight vector that maximizes the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The optimal weight vector is in general complex with each weight having different magnitudes and phases. However, the design of some antenna arrays facilitates phase-only weighting or phase-only adjustments, whereupon it is desirable to compute the constrained optimal weight vector whose components have fixed magnitudes but variable phases. This constrained optimization problem may be posed as the problem of maximizing the SINR on the space of phase-only vectors. This paper addresses the problem of computing optimal phase-only adaptive weight vectors by exploiting several properties of phasor and matrix algebra. Two new algorithms (the phase-only conjugate gradient and phase-only Newton's method) are introduced. The convergence properties. SINR performance, sidelobe level performance, and nulling performance of these algorithms are demonstrated using simulations and experimental data.
Specifying weak sets

We present formal specifications of a new abstraction, weak sets, which can be used to alleviate high latencies when retrieving data from a wide-area information system like the World Wide Web. In the presence of failures, concurrency, and distribution, clients performing queries may observe behavior that is inconsistent with the stringent semantic requirements of mathematical sets. For example, an element retrieved and returned to the client may be subsequently deleted before the query terminates. We chose to specify formally the behavior of weak sets because we wanted to understand the varying degrees of inconsistency clients might be willing to tolerate and to understand the trade off between providing strong consistency guarantees and implementing weak sets efficiently. Our specification assertion language uses a novel construct that lets us model reachability explicitly; with it, we can distinguish between the existence of an object and its accessibility. The specifications were instrumental in understanding the design space, and we are currently implementing the most permissive of the specifications in several types of Unix systems.
Transient characterization of flat plate heat pipes during startup and shutdown operations

Analytical models for predicting the transient performance of a flat plate heat pipe for startup and shutdown operations are developed in this work. These models can be utilized separately for a startup or a shutdown operation, respectively. The two models can also be combined together to simulate the thermal performance of a flat plate heat pipe in cyclical startup and shutdown operations. The transient temperature distributions in the heat pipe walls and wicks are presented in this work. The results reveal that the thermal diffusivity, the thickness of the wall and the wick, and the heat input pattern affect the heat pipe time constants. The wicks create the main thermal resistance resulting in the largest temperature drop in the heat pipe, thus substantially influencing the performance of the heat pipe.
Patterns of coordination in Improvise visualizations

Visualization systems have evolved into live-design environments in which users explore information by constructing coordinated multiview visualizations rapidly and interactively. Although these systems provide built-in support for well-known coordinations, they do not allow invention of novel coordinations or customization of existing ones. This paper presents a categorization of 29 coordination patterns that have proven to be broadly useful for visual data analysis. By coupling coordination with visual abstraction, it has been possible to realize 27 of these patterns in Improvise, demonstrated here with five example visualizations.
Hispanic Cultural Health Beliefs and Folk Remedies

Cultural awareness of health care practices and beliefs is increasing, but knowledge regarding Hispanic folk remedies and health care practices and beliefs is limited. This study used a focus group interview format for an open discussion of folk remedies and the health and illness practices of the participants. Eleven Hispanic women participated in a group interview that addressed the question, How do Hispanic health beliefs affect health care practices? Specifically, what actions are taken to treat symptoms of illness or injury? Qualitative data analysis of the 75 symptom and treatment statements was completed, and data were grouped according to symptom and complexity of treatments. This resulted in a rich compilation of remedies that Hispanics use in home treatments, with the emergence of a pattern comparable to the nursing process. This information adds to the current knowledge base of cultural health practices and provides a basis for continued research.
Doxorubicin Administration by Continuous Infusion Is Not Cardioprotective: The Dana-Farber 91-01 Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Protocol

PURPOSE: Acute doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity can be prevented in adults by continuous infusion of the drug, but mechanisms of cardiotoxicity are different in children. We compared cardiac outcomes in children receiving bolus or continuous infusion of doxorubicin. PATIENTS AND METHODS: In a randomized study, children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia received doxorubicin 360 mg/m2 in 30-mg/m2 doses every 3 weeks either by bolus (within 1 hour, n = 57) or by continuous infusion (over 48 hours, n = 64). Echocardiograms obtained before doxorubicin and at longest follow-up times were centrally remeasured, and z scores of cardiac measurements were calculated based on a healthy population. RESULTS: The groups were similar in age, sex distribution, doxorubicin dose, and duration of follow-up. Before treatment, measures of left ventricular (LV) structure and function did not reveal dilated cardiomyopathy and were not statistically different between bolus and continuous-infusion groups. The follow-up...
A study of the interfacial resistive switching mechanism by proton exchange reactions on the SiOx layer

In this work, we investigated SiOx-based interfacial resistive switching in planar metal–insulator–metal structures using physical/chemical/electrical analyses. This work helps clarify the interfacial reaction process and mechanism in SiOx, and also shows the potential for high temperature operation in future nonvolatile memory applications.
More than a Replacement Therapy: Amphetamine Treatment Reverses the Behavioral and Neurochemical Consequences of Cocaine Self- Administration

Cocaine abuse results in disruption of dopamine (DA) system function, and it has been postulated that this hypodopaminergic state underlies maladaptive behaviors in addiction. As such, an effort has been made to identify compounds that normalize the DA system deficits in order to improve treatment outcomes for cocaine addiction. Although amphetamine (AMPH) has been examined as a potential treatment, with promising behavioral results in rodents, monkeys and humans, the mechanism for AMPH-induced decreases in cocaine reinforcement has yet to be elucidated. Cocaine SA has been shown to result in escalation of cocaine intake, and increased reinforcing efficacy of cocaine, effects that are thought to model the transition from recreational use to addiction. We found that continuous AMPH treatment (5 mg/kg/day) during cocaine SA attenuated both escalation of intake, and increases in cocaine reinforcement, suggesting that AMPH treatment has a protective effect against the behavioral consequences of repeated cocai...
Russell M. Cluff. Panorama crítico-bibliográfico del cuento mexicano (1950-I995) . Tlaxcala: Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala/Brigham Young University, 1997

Cuando en 1978 Luis Leal firmo simbolicamente la tesis de doctorado de Russell M. Cluff, le extendio el acta de bautismo de mexicanista. Los siguientes sacramentos -confirmacion como investigador y profesor de las letras mexicanas en los Estados Unidos; primera comunion con la literatura mexicana, especificamente con la narrativa; y casamiento con el cuento, y alli si tuvo que decidir monogamicamente por este genero aunque a veces coquetee necesariamente con la novela- han hecho de el un verdadero estudioso del cuento mexicano, sobre todo del nuevo cuento que se inicia en los anos cincuenta, decada que abre este panorama que nos presenta mas de cuarenta y cinco anos del genero en Mexico.
Chronic sodium-potassium-ATPase inhibition with ouabain impairs renal haemodynamics and pressure natriuresis in the rat

1. Chronic Na + ,K + -ATPase inhibition with ouabain induces hypertension in the rat. To examine the role of the kidney in this process, the effect of changes in renal perfusion pressure on glomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow and urinary sodium excretion were determined in rats treated intraperitoneally with ouabain (27.8 μg day −1 kg −1 body weight) or vehicle for 6 weeks. 2. After ouabain administration, baseline mean arterial pressure was significantly higher ( P n = 9) than in control rats (116 ± 4 mmHg; n = 8). 3. At equivalent renal perfusion pressures, glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower ( P 1 reflects the absence of autoregulation). This index was greater in the ouabain group than in the control group (1.54 ± 0.2 compared with 0.29 ± 0.2; P 4. Absolute urinary sodium excretion rate was less in ouabain-treated rats than in control rats at equivalent renal perfusion pressures. The slope of the relationship between absolute urinary sodium excretion rate and renal perfusion pressure was greater ( P −1 mmHg −1 ). 5. Thus, chronic inhibition of Na + ,K + -ATPase induces less efficient autoregulation of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow as well as a rightward shift in the pressure natriuresis relationship, such that a 25–30 mmHg higher renal perfusion pressure is necessary to excrete any given sodium load. These abnormalities may contribute to the development and maintenance of hypertension in this model.
Quantifying the Impact of Nanoparticle Coatings and Nonuniformities on XPS Analysis: Gold/Silver Core–Shell Nanoparticles

Spectral modeling of photoelectrons can serve as a valuable tool when combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis. Herein, a new version of the NIST Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA 2.0) software, capable of directly simulating spherical multilayer NPs, was applied to model citrate stabilized Au/Ag-core/shell nanoparticles (NPs). The NPs were characterized using XPS and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to determine the composition and morphology of the NPs. The Au/Ag-core/shell NPs were observed to be polydispersed in size, nonspherical, and contain off-centered Au-cores. Using the average NP dimensions determined from STEM analysis, SESSA spectral modeling indicated that washed Au/Ag-core–shell NPs were stabilized with a 0.8 nm layer of sodium citrate and a 0.05 nm (one wash) or 0.025 nm (two wash) layer of adventitious hydrocarbon, but did not fully account for the observed XPS signal from the Au-core. This was addressed by a series of simulati...
Equipment specifications for supported treadmill ambulation training

Supported Treadmill Ambulation Training (STAT) is a mode of therapy for gait retraining for patients with spinal cord injuries or other upper motor neuron dysfunction. The STAT program involves simultaneously supporting a portion of the patient's weight while gait training on a treadmill. STAT has been successful in improving the gait of many research subjects, but has not been widely applied in clinical practice. The goal of this study was to acquire practical, clinically useful information regarding this therapeutic intervention in order to remove barriers to its use. This manuscript enumerates equipment specifications for the treadmill, body weight support (BWS) system, and harness. The ergonomics of the work space are also considered, since the therapist(s) will need access to the patient's legs during therapy. The specific recommendations were determined through prior clinical experience, consultation of anthropometric tables, and application of engineering principles. The guidelines listed are intended to facilitate safe and effective application of the therapy at minimum hardware cost.
A quality improvement initiative to increase pneumococcal vaccination coverage among children after kidney transplant

Pneumococcal vaccination rates among children receiving a kidney transplant remain suboptimal. Current practice guidelines in the United States recommend giving the PPSV23 after priming with the PCV13. We conducted a QI initiative to increase pneumococcal vaccine rates in our kidney transplant recipients by developing an age-based vaccine algorithm, obtaining vaccine records, and generating reminders for patients and clinicians. A monthly report from the EHR tracked outcomes. The process metric was missed vaccine opportunities, and the overall objective was to improve coverage with both the PCV13 and PPSV23. Over the first six months, we increased the percentage of visits where the vaccine was given from a baseline of 4% to 33%. However, by the end of the 12-month period, the percentage of eligible visits where the vaccine was given decreased to 8.7%. Nevertheless, over the 12-month observation period, we were able to increase the percentage of transplant patients receiving the PCV13 and PPSV23 from 6% to 52%. Utilizing an age-based algorithm and the electronic medical record, vaccine champions can track both missed visit opportunities and the number of vaccinated patients to improve pneumococcal immunization coverage for these high-risk patients.
Internationalization and the Influence of Environmental Factors

Community colleges in the USA have been significantly impacted in recent years by powerful global forces (Levin 2001; Siaya and Hayward 2003; Panel on Global Engagement 2011). These forces include the increased movement of goods, people, and information across borders. Research (Kedia and Daniel 2003; Hart Research Associates 2010) suggests that US colleges and universities need to acknowledge these forces and respond to changing market and civic needs by enacting significant organizational, policy, and curricular changes, often termed internationalization, to better prepare college students to be global citizens and globally competent. Results from national surveys and case studies (Harder 2010; Hudzik 2011) indicate that such changes are occurring in some US colleges and universities; however, quantitative research on internationalization in community colleges is very limited. The following pages describe recent quantitative research regarding internationalization in Oregon and Washington community colleges, with attention to organizational behaviors in the areas of governance and student support services that are responses to global forces.
Survival benefit of glioblastoma patients after FDA approval of temozolomide concomitant with radiation and bevacizumab: A population-based study

// Ping Zhu 1, 2 , Xianglin L. Du 1 , Guangrong Lu 2 and Jay-Jiguang Zhu 2 1 Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA 2 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), McGovern Medical School, and Memorial Hermann at Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA Correspondence to: Jay-Jiguang Zhu, email: jay.jiguang.zhu@uth.tmc.edu Keywords: glioblastoma (GBM), temozolomide, bevacizumab, overall survival, cancer registry Received: November 23, 2016 Accepted: March 20, 2017 Published: April 12, 2017 ABSTRACT Few population-based analyses have investigated survival change in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients treated with concomitant radiotherapy-temozolomide (RT-TMZ) and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ) and then bevacizumab (BEV) after Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval, respectively. We aimed to explore the effects on survival with RT-TMZ, adjuvant TMZ and BEV in general GBM population based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and Texas Cancer Registry (TCR) databases. A total of 28933 GBM patients from SEER (N = 24578) and TCR (N = 4355) between January 2000 and December 2013 were included. Patients were grouped into three calendar periods based on date of diagnosis: pre-RT-TMZ and pre-BEV (1/2000–2/2005, P1), post-RT-TMZ and pre-BEV (3/2005–4/2009, P2), and post-RT-TMZ and post-BEV (5/2009–12/2013, P3). The association between calendar period of diagnosis and survival was analyzed in SEER and TCR, separately, by the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. We found a significant increase in median overall survival (OS) across the three periods in both populations. In multivariate models, the risk of death was significantly reduced during P2 and further decreased in P3, which remained unchanged after stratification. Comparison and validation analysis were performed in the combined dataset, and consistent results were observed. We conclude that the OS of GBM patients in a “real-world” setting has been steadily improved from January 2000 to December 2013, which likely resulted from the administrations of TMZ concomitant with RT and adjuvant TMZ for newly diagnosed GBM and then BEV for recurrent GBM after respective FDA approval.
Self-Reducibility: Effects of Internal Structure on Computational Complexity

In this paper we discuss the effect that self-reducibility properties have on the analysis of complexity classes. We begin by reviewing some of the more elementary results for readers unfamiliar with the field, and then we discuss some recent results and directions where self- reducibilities have been useful. Throughout, we focus on the question of when self-reducibility properties cause sets, or classes of sets, to have lower complexity than might otherwise be expected. This paper is an attempt to provide an overview of known results and suggest unifying concepts. By doing so we suggest that a continuing systematic study of the relationship between the internal structure of a set and the computational complexity of a set is in order.
Differential expression of long-term potentiation among identified inhibitory inputs to dopamine neurons

We describe a mapping of plasticity expression, mediated by different mechanisms, among three distinct GABA afferents to ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons: the rostromedial tegmental nu...
Imaging the Chronic Kidney Disease Patient: Clinical Approaches, Utility and Complications

Imaging plays an increasingly vital role in measuring both renal function and structure in patients with CKD. Diagnosis, disease status, disease progression, and development of complications of renal failure are monitored clinically as well as with laboratory studies and radiologic imaging. While ultrasound and nuclear medicine have historically played a vital first role, newer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies promise to provide safe advanced functional renal analysis. With the sophisticated new MRI sequences we are on the verge of major change in the evaluation and follow-up of patients with renal disease. The indications for evaluating the kidneys include evaluating for treatable cause of failure (such as hydronephrosis), documenting renal size, identifying renal position (for example, for biopsy), monitoring progression of disease, and identifying or confirming a specific disease entity (such as renal vascular or polycystic kidney disease).
Preparation and characterization of recombinant golgin tethers

Golgin tethers are integral or peripheral Golgi proteins with predicted coiled-coil domains and many are known to interact directly with small GTPases of the Ypt/Rab or Arl families. Here we describe the preparation of recombinant golgins: GM130, p115 (and truncations thereof), the N-terminal fragment of giantin, CASP, and golgin-84.