cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preference for Complexity in Natural Landscape Scenes

The authors examined the preferences of 7 men and 14 women for natural scenes high versus low in variety and number of elements and how this related to the number of constructs individuals use when interpreting natural scenes. Subjects showed a significant preference for scenes high in complexity. There was no relationship between the number of constructs used by an individual and whether the individual preferred scenes with a large number and variety of elements.
Role of indigenous coccinellids in regulating greenbugs (Homoptera: Aphididae) on Texas grain sorghum

The effectiveness of the native coccinellid predators of the greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), was determined in Texas high plains grain sorghum using exclusion techniques. The most abundant greenbug predators encountered were Hippodamia convergens (Guerin-Meneville) and H. sinuate (Mulsant). Natural enemies showed no significant suppressive capacity during the early portion of the growing season, though both Hippodamia species were frequently observed. Selective exclusion of adult Hippodamia spp. and larger predators demonstrated the efficacy of these enemies throughout the latter portion of the growing season. Introduction of the two coccinellid species into cages excluding all enemies indicated their capacity to reduce greenbug density in light or moderate greenbug infestations. Regulation of greenbugs in Texas high plains grain sorghum is largely due to the suppressive action of Hippodamia spp., not the common greenbug parasites of the region.
Genetic Diversity and Modern Plant Breeding

Genome sequence data provide new capabilities to characterize genetic diversity across a comprehensive range of plant germplasm including breeding materials, modern cultivars, landraces, and wild and weedy ancestors. This sequence “language” allows breeders to monitor, help identify, and select for useful diversity thereby developing new improved varieties. Although much genetic diversity in wild ancestral species was not transferred into domesticated species, surprisingly high levels of diversity have been retained during the past century, a period of intensive selection for increased productivity. Diversity in modern varieties exhibits temporal flux associated with bottlenecks due to grain quality or specific introductions of germplasm. There is no evidence over many decades in the twentieth century of a narrowing of the genetic base. Diversity has increased in some crops due to conscious sourcing of landrace diversity. Finding useful diversity to provide successful genotype by environment (G × E) interaction remains both the essential challenge for plant breeders and an assurance that new genetic diversity must continue to be sourced in order to allow continued genetic gain in a dynamic agricultural environment. Plant breeders can never afford to be complacent about stewardship and use of genetic diversity. Trends of genetic diversity usage should be regularly monitored in breeding programs and in commercial agriculture.
Household Debt and Defaults from 2000 to 2010: The Credit Supply View

During the first decade of the 21st century, the United States witnessed a dramatic rise in household debt followed by a severe default crisis. In this study, we review the existing literature and provide new evidence supporting the credit supply view of the episode, which holds that an increase in credit supply unrelated to fundamental improvements in income or productivity was the shock that initiated the household debt boom and bust. The credit supply view is supported by four facts: First, from 2002 to 2005, there was an expansion of mortgage credit supply that was independent of improved economic circumstances. This can most easily be seen in the increased number of mortgages for home purchase originated to marginal households, or households that previously were routinely denied mortgage credit. Second, the expansion in mortgage credit supply increased house prices. Third, existing homeowners responded to rising house prices by borrowing aggressively out of home equity; such borrowing was prevalent in all but the top 20% of the credit score distribution and was the primary driver of the rise in aggregate household debt. Fourth, the default crisis was driven mainly by lower credit score individuals. The view that credit played only a passive role in explaining the rise in household debt and the subsequent default crisis is inconsistent with the evidence.
Laboratory Study on New Synthesis Technology of Fluid Loss Reducer for Oil Cement

In this paper,a painting film synthesis technology of fluid loss reducer CDL is developed by using 2-acrylamido-2methyl-propane sulfonic acid(AMPS),acrylamide(AM) and acrylic acid(AA) as raw materials and ammonium persulfate as initiator with aqueous solution polymerization.The experimental results show that it can be controlled within 120mL at the range of 50-170 ℃ in salt saturated water,and the product is dried by painting film technology which has the advantages of simple operation,low cost and saving time.The cement slurry with this agent has obvious right angle thickening curve and normal intensity development.
Normal and abnormal puberty in the female.

Both endogenous and exogenous factors influence the age of onset of puberty. The physiologic and endocrine mechanisms which result in the development of secondary sexual characteristics, pubertal growth acceleration, and attainment of fertility are complex and several disorders may arise in the process.
Adverse effects of ADT on cognitive function and dementia for men with prostate cancer: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

150Background: Nearly 50% of men diagnosed with prostate cancer may receive treatment with some form of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). While some side effects of ADT are well acknowledged, the specific impact of ADT on cognitive function is uncertain. Our objective was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis assessing the impact of ADT on overall cognitive decline, and the risks of Alzheimers, Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Relevant studies were identified through search of English language articles indexed in PubMed Medline, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library and Web of Knowledge/Science. First, we assessed rates of cognitive decline in five cohorts from three studies. Second, we assessed rates of Alzheimer’s or Parkinson disease using three large retrospective studies. A pooled-analysis was conducted using a meta-analysis. Weighted averages were reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using RevMan and a DerSimonian and Laird random-effects model. The heterogeneity test was m...
Letter by Behrouz and Aachi Regarding Article, "Cannabis, Tobacco, Alcohol Use, and the Risk of Early Stroke: A Population-Based Cohort Study of 45 000 Swedish Men".

We read with interest the study by Falkstedt et al1 on the association (or lack thereof) between cannabis use in young adulthood and stroke later in life. We commend the authors on their work that is based on a population of >40 000 individuals followed over a period of 4 decades. However, the title of this study does not reflect the conclusion reported by the authors because it misrepresents the chronology of …
Selective laser melting of half-Heusler thermoelectric materials

Traditional thermoelectric device manufacturing uses machining, assembly, and integration steps which lead to material waste and performance limitations. The approach offers little flexibility in designing thermoelectric module geometry. Additive manufacturing can overcome these challenges, but it has not been demonstrated for inorganic thermoelectric materials, particularly those geared toward mid-/high-temperature applications. This work describes selective laser melting, an additive manufacturing process which locally melts successive layers of material powder to construct three-dimensional objects. The work shows the firstever demonstrations of selective laser melting applied to half-Heusler thermoelectric materials: ZrNiSn, and Hf0.3Zr0.7CoSn0.3Sb0.7/nano-ZrO2. Laser processing parameters critically affects the formation and appearance of ingots, and we found laser energy density is useful but cannot be the single consideration for the SLM process. The fabricated ingots are generally porous with rough surfaces. They are characterized through powder XRD and TGA. The results consistently show that produced parts preserved most of the original chemical structures with small chemical changes due to decomposition and oxidation during the selective laser melting process. The work demonstrates selective laser melting is feasible for half-Heusler thermoelectric materials.
Distinguishing Specific and Nonspecific Complexes of Alkyladenine DNA Glycosylase.

Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes many alkylated and deaminated purine lesions and excises them to initiate the base excision DNA repair pathway. AAG employs facilitated diffusion to rapidly scan nonspecific sites and locate rare sites of damage. Nonspecific DNA binding interactions are critical to the efficiency of this search for damage, but little is known about the binding footprint or the affinity of AAG for nonspecific sites. We used biochemical and biophysical approaches to characterize the binding of AAG to both undamaged and damaged DNA. Although fluorescence anisotropy is routinely used to study DNA binding, we found unexpected complexities in the data for binding of AAG to DNA. Systematic comparison of different fluorescent labels and different lengths of DNA allowed binding models to be distinguished and demonstrated that AAG can bind with high affinity and high density to nonspecific DNA. Fluorescein-labeled DNA gave the most complex behavior but also showed the greatest pot...
EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE PREY AS A BUFFER TO PREDATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) BY LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES)

EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE PREY AS A BUFFER TO PREDATION OF CHANNEL CATFISH (ICTALURUS PUNCTATUS) BY LARGEMOUTH BASS (MICROPTERUS SALMOIDES) By Shelley Christine Nellis, B.S. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Biology at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Director: MICHAEL L. FINE Professor, Department of Biology Channel catfish have pectoral spines that lock to defend against gape-limited predators such as largemouth bass. Previous work indicated that spines increase survival of channel catfish exposed to bass but did not determine whether bass avoid catfish if less dangerous species are available. We presented bass with channel catfish and two alternatives, bluegill and goldfish, and compared order of ingestion, ingestion time, percent of successful strikes, and time spent chasing each prey species. We also presented the three species in a jar study that standardized position in the water column as well as in a net-pen study. The order of ingestion was suggestive of a preference for goldfish, then bluegill and finally channel catfish. Handling time was greater for channel catfish, less for bluegill, and the least for goldfish. Fewer catfish were eaten when other prey were available. Bass appear to avoid channel catfish if alternative prey is available.
TCT-492 Multimodality Management of Cardiogenic Shock in the United States: Insights from the Cardiogenic Shock Working Group Registry

Cardiogenic shock (CS) is associated with high mortality despite advances in early revascularization and acute mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) devices. Optimal risk stratification and management strategies for CS are not known. We retrospectively analyzed all patients (n=946) with CS defined
Post-transplant primary central nervous system lymphoma after Epstein-Barr virus cerebellitis

Post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a complication of solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Cases with isolated central nervous system (CNS) disease are rare. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays a causative role. We present a patient with EBV cerebellitis documented 5 months prior to development of primary CNS PTLD (PCNS-PTLD). This case report demonstrates progression from EBV CNS infection to lymphoproliferative disorder, highlighting the importance of serial clinical and imaging monitoring in transplant patients post-EBV CNS infection. PCNS-PTLD should always be considered in the differential diagnosis for transplant patients presenting with CNS symptoms, even in cases with no evidence of EBV viremia. Earlier diagnosis and appropriate treatment could result in improved outcomes.
Total Synthesis of Paspaline A and Emindole PB Enabled by Computational Augmentation of a Transform-Guided Retrosynthetic Strategy

We report the total syntheses of two indole diterpenoid natural products, paspaline A and emindole PB. Paspaline A is synthesized in a 9-step sequence from commercially available materials. The first total synthesis of emindole PB is accomplished in 13 steps and confirms a previously ambiguous structural assignment. Density functional theory calculations are utilized to interrogate the key carbocationic rearrangement in a predictive capacity to aid in the selection of the most favorable precursor substrate. This work highlights how retrosynthetic design can be augmented with quantum chemical calculations to reveal energetically feasible synthetic disconnections, minimizing time-consuming and expensive empirical evaluation.
Health and wellness among incoming resident physicians: A multi-domain survey.

Introduction Burnout and depression are well-described in medical students and physicians and can lead to adverse personal and patient outcomes; however, their time course and risk factors remain understudied. Here, we measured multiple domains of mental and physical health and wellness and assessed gender differences among incoming physician trainees beginning residency at an academic medical center. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, all incoming trainees (i.e. housestaff) at Johns Hopkins Hospital received a questionnaire assessing depression, burnout, sleep, exercise, and alcohol consumption, among other domains. Standardized instruments were utilized for questionnaire development. Tests of significance were two-tailed. Results 196 of 229 incoming housestaff (86%) completed the survey, and 49% were female. A history of depression was reported in 8%, and 5.4% met criteria for at least moderate depression by Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Females were more likely to report a history of depression than males (13% vs. 3%, p=0.02) but had similar PHQ-9 scores. Four percent of participants reported feeling they were in the wrong profession. Goal and mean sleep were 7 and 6.7 hours/night, respectively. Forty-seven percent reported exercising once/week or not at all. While mean reported weekly alcohol consumption was three drinks, participants reported consuming ≥5 drinks in one sitting on average 1.6 times in the prior 6 months, and 4% used alcohol to sleep. Conclusions Incoming housestaff reported generally favorable mental and physical health at the beginning of residency training. However, exercise rates were low, and ill-suited alcohol consumption was noted, though infrequent. The few areas of possible improvement were largely similar between males and females. Wellness interventions might capitalize on the relatively high morale and health at the completion of medical school by helping to promote healthy habits, including regular exercise and avoidance of excess alcohol consumption, throughout future training and practice.
Rectal Douching and Microbicide Acceptability among Young Men who Have Sex with Men

Men who have sex with men (MSM) commonly report engaging in rectal douching (RD) practices prior to receptive anal intercourse. Researchers are interested in the possibility of designing a RD with a microbicide component. In our analyses, we examined whether YMSM who engaged in RD behaviors differ in HIV prevention behaviors from their non-RD peers. We then examined whether RD frequency was associated with rectal microbicide acceptability. Half the participants (47.8%) reported having ever douched. Participants were more likely to douche if they were racial/ethnic minorities (AOR = 2.24, p = 0.02) and had recently tested for HIV (AOR = 1.96, p = 0.04). Greater douching frequency was associated with racial/ethnic minorities (β = 0.20, p = 0.009) and recent HIV testing (β = 0.19, p < 0.01). Participants who reported frequently douching indicated greater microbicide acceptability (β = 0.32, p < 0.001). Designing behaviorally congruent products remains a priority in next generation Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) and a rectal douche might be an additional tool if found to be efficacious.
The Importance of Expertise Visibility Across Organizational Boundaries for Individual Performance

AbstractThe importance of knowledge sharing within engineering organizations is well acknowledged within the literature. A critical step to organizational knowledge sharing involves expertise visib...
Challenging the Surgical Axiom: Albumin Level Does Not Reliably Predict Development of Wound Complications in Patients Undergoing Body Contouring

Introduction Hypoalbuminemia has traditionally been associated with a poor nutritional status and subsequent high incidence of postoperative wound complications in surgical patients. Recent evidence, however, suggests that traditional nutritional markers are inadequate in predicting postoperative morbidity. Objective To test the hypothesis that preoperative albumin levels are not associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing body contouring. Methods All patients undergoing body contouring from 2015 to 2017 were identified using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Demographics, comorbidities, and wound classification were extracted from the database. The independent predictors of developing wound complications were identified. Logistic regressions were used to identify the impact of albumin on outcomes. Results During the study period, 4496 patients were identified. Wound complications developed in 202 patients (4.5%). Increasing body mass index, history of diabetes mellitus, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, history of prior open wound, and tobacco use were independently associated with the development of postoperative complications. Albumin levels were not associated with the development of wound complications. Similarly, albumin levels were not associated with the need for a repeated operation, with readmission, or with the total hospital length of stay. Conclusion Albumin values were not associated with wound complications or need for reoperation in patients undergoing body contouring. Further research is warranted.
Perspective: From the dipole of a crystallite to the polarization of a crystal

The quantum-mechanical expression for the polarization of a crystalline solid does not bear any resemblance to the (trivial) expression for the dipole of a bounded crystallite; and in fact it has been proved via a conceptually different path. Here I show how to alternatively define the dipole of a bounded sample in a somewhat unconventional way; from such formula, the crystalline polarization formula -- as routinely implemented in electronic-structure codes -- follows almost seamlessly.
Timing of mortality in mothers with recurrent convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol and their children, from childbirth to child age 17.

Abstract Background We tested variation in the timing of child and maternal mortality associated with severe maternal AUD, as represented by recurrent arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol (rDUI). Methods rDUI mothers (N = 1614) and Controls with no alcohol-related driving offenses (N = 109,928) who gave birth in Missouri from 2000 to 2004 were identified using vital records. Propensity score matching adjusted for birth record measures including delayed prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, relationship with reproductive partner [married/unmarried, paternity acknowledged/unacknowledged], partner DUI status from driving records, and for socioeconomic characteristics of maternal residential census tract at birth derived from census data. Survival analysis was used to test months from childbirth to child or maternal death as a function of lifetime rDUI status. Results Maternal rDUIs were associated with a consistently elevated probability of child mortality from birth through child age 17 after propensity score-adjustment (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.70, 95 % CI = 1.17–2.47). Maternal mortality was not elevated, relative to Controls, until child age 6−11 (HR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.05−2.35) and increased again from child age 12−17 (HR = 4.12, 95 % CI = 3.04−5.86). Conclusions Severe maternal AUD, as characterized by rDUI, increases the risk for child mortality over that of Controls through age 17. Delays in rDUI maternal mortality until child age 6 may indicate a period when maternal referral for intervention to reduce harm to child and mother is likely to be especially effective.
Images of Resilience: Outness in Same-Gender Romantic Relationships

Outness is an inevitable component of lived experience for individuals who identify as LGBTQ+. Relatedly, levels of outness change based on environment, social location, and surrounding influences,...
Mogamulizumab-Associated Acute Myocarditis in a Patient With T-Cell Lymphoma.

A 62-year-old woman with human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 cell lymphoma developed heart failure after mogamulizumab, an immunotherapy agent. Clinical presentation and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were consistent with myocarditis, and a recurrence of heart failure occurred after rechallenge with the therapy. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
338 Lyell’s syndrome – potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous disease

A five year-old girl came to the tourist ambulance because of the dysuria, sore throat and tingling of external genitalia. A local physician prescribed amoxicillin/clavulanic acid suspension. She took her first dose in the afternoon. During the night, parents noticed the rash and redness of the entire body. During the night, another dose of antibiotic was given, after which the rash and redness continued to spread rapidly. Immediately methylprednisolone and chloropyramine are administered intramuscularly. Upon arrival to the hospital, the girl was a normal state of consciousness with dyspnea, breathing frequency 25/min, SpO2 97%, dehydrated, febrile 38.1 °C, tachycardic (135/min) and normotensive (RR 103/66 mmHg). On the skin of the face and on the larger surface of the body (TBSA = 80%) were visible bullae and vesicles which ruptured and it came to skin peeling. Due to the progression of respiratory insufficiency, tracheotomy was performed. Also due to the increase in inflammatory parameters for the first ten days, ceftriaxone and amikacin were ordered, with all supportive therapy. On the second day of admission, cyclosporine is ordered. All the swabs were negative. Lyell’s syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis, is a rare, potentially life-threatening mucocutaneous disease, usually provoked by the administration of a drug and characterized by acute necrosis of the epidermis. The drugs most frequently incriminated are nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, chemotherapeutics, antibiotics, and anticonvulsants. Although the cases where amoxicillin/clavulanic acid suspension caused this condition were described, in our case, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid suspension was probably not the cause, given that the girl had been treated twice in the past with this drug without side effects.
Using Simulation to Improve Adherence to Get With the Guidelines Time to First Shock.

BACKGROUND Evidence demonstrates that shocking patients in ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia in 2 minutes or less leads to improved outcomes. At our facility in Orlando, Florida, 4 of 7 time to first shock fallouts occurred in the intensive care unit. No standardization for conducting code situations existed in the intensive care unit. OBJECTIVE To develop nurse simulation education and training to standardize intensive care unit code processes and improve compliance with timely defibrillation. METHODS The sample consisted of intensive care unit nurses. Interventions included online education, simulation, and a postintervention survey. Analysis was conducted using the Get With the Guidelines program as well as descriptive statistics. INTERVENTIONS Online education assigned to all intensive care unit nurses included electrocardiogram recognition and code documentation. Nurses and physicians collaborated to develop a diagram to identify roles needed for successful conduct of a code situation. A code simulation video was created, reflecting these roles, and embedded in the online education. The education was graded and remediated one-on-one with nurses. Intensive care unit nurses completed structured code simulations, allowing them to practice serving as the leader. Three months after the intervention, a survey was distributed to nurses. RESULTS The time to first shock fallouts in the intensive care unit decreased by 100%, and the facility's fallouts decreased by 71%. The facility's adherence to the time to first shock metric increased from 42% to 83%. In a postintervention survey, 89% of nurses reported perceived improvement in knowledge, team leadership and communication, and confidence associated with code events. CONCLUSIONS Online education and code simulation positively affected time to first shock in code situations and empowered nurses to confidently function in these situations.
What Diversity Contributes to Equal Opportunity

The ideal of diversity so pervades American public life that we now speak of diversity where we once spoke of equality. This Article rejects the dominant legal conception of diversity found in equal protection jurisprudence but not the relevance of diversity to the project of equal opportunity. In Grutter v. Bollinger, the Supreme Court endorsed diversity as a compelling governmental interest capable of justifying the use of racial preferences in public university admissions. However, rather than quieting public controversies about affirmative action, the decision has been a frequent target of legal and political attack, and its narrow focus on educational diversity leaves many questions unanswered concerning the value of diversity and the applicability of its rationale for status-based action outside of the educational context. This Article demonstrates that Grutter underserves the law’s equality values by deferring to institutional constructions of diversity’s benefits, naively equating the achievement of numerical diversity with the accomplishment of those benefits, and failing to distinguish between exploitative and egalitarian uses of diversity. These deficiencies obscure diversity’s potential to reimagine the relationship between equal opportunity, individual achievement, and institutional design. The Article uses the managerial conception of diversity as a foil for the legal conception. One the one hand, proponents of diversity management in the business context seek to exploit workforce diversity for financial gain, and they reject the emphasis of affirmative action programs and civil rights enforcement on the achievement of integration for its own sake. On the other hand, however, proponents of diversity management sometime marshal the diversity ideal also in order to promote new institutional practices that extend to underrepresented persons equal opportunity for individual growth and advancement. The Article proposes a reconstruction of the diversity rationale to fulfill its potential as an instrument of equal opportunity, within and beyond the educational realm and in circumstances including, but not limited to, the implementation of affirmative action programs.
The Plurality of Power in Industrial Capitalism: A Case Study of Fayette, Michigan

Theories of power within industrial capitalism take myriad forms. Archaeologists working at industrial sites most often use binary domination and resistance paradigms, or focus on topical interests such as gender, class, or ethnicity. This volume builds on much of that work and uses a pluralistic understanding of power, especially regarding aspects of corporate paternalism, economic class, power and the body, intersectional identities, and noneconomic capital. Research at Fayette, a nineteenth-century American company town, integrates multiple models of power that have potential to inform past and present, worldwide processes of industrialization, as well as individuals’ and groups’ agency amidst those processes.
πN scattering in the Δ(1232) region in an effective field theory

We develop a generalized version of heavy-baryon chiral perturbation theory to describe pion–nucleon scattering in a kinematic domain that extends continuously from threshold to the delta–isobar peak. The P-wave phase shifts are used to illustrate this framework. We also compare our approach with those in the literature that concern the delta resonance.
Damage, repair, and recombination. II. Effect of hydrogen peroxide on the bacteriophage genome.

Abstract A very low concentration of hydrogen peroxide (0.00015%) in the presence of 10−5 M CuSO4 inactivates RNA phages, but not DNA phages. With a higher concentration of CuSO4 (10−4 M), the same concentration of H2O2 inactivates RNA phage MS2 very rapidly, single-stranded DNA phage S13 moderately, and double-stranded DNA phage P22 slowly. Hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of 0.003% (about 20 times higher than that needed for the inactivation of single-stranded phages) with 10−5 M cupric ion inactivated double-stranded DNA phages. When phage P22c2 was treated with 0.003% H2O2 in the presence of 10−5 M CuSO4 and assayed on Salmonella typhimurium Q1 lysogenic for P221b, Q1(P221b), a greatly increased frequency (about 40%) of turbid, c+, plaques was observed. We assume that c+ formation is due to marker rescue of H2O2-damaged genome by recombination between phage P22c2 and the prophage P221bc+. This supports our hypothesis that damage of nucleic acid is responsible for the inactivation of bacteriophage by hydrogen peroxide ( Yamamoto, 1958 ; Yamamoto et al., 1964 ). Among the c+ recombinants, a very high frequency of heterozygous c + c 2 plaques was observed. The heterozygous plaque formation can be explained by the assumption that the recombination of the phage is due to single-strand damage of the DNA molecule. If H2O2-treated P22c2 was assayed on P221b lysogens of either the wild-type, or a recombination-deficient (rec−), or a UV-sensitive (hcr−) strain of S. typhimurium, about the same inactivation rates on all these hosts were observed. Thus, host cell reactivation (hcr) for repair of UV damage does not contribute to the repair of the H2O2-damaged DNA. Moreover, the frequencies of c+ formation on hcr− (P221b) and rec+hcr+(P221b) were about the same while no increase of recombination on rec− (P221b) was observed, supporting the previous report ( Yamamoto, 1969 ) that the bacterial recombination mechanism plays an important role on recombination between superinfecting phage and prophage.
Synaptic inhibition by glycine acting at a metabotropic receptor in tiger salamander retina

Glycine is the lone fast neurotransmitter for which a metabotropic pathway has not been identified. In retina, we found a strychnine-insensitive glycine response in bipolar and ganglion cells. This glycine response reduced high voltage-activated calcium current. It was G-protein mediated and protein kinase A dependent. The EC50 of the metabotropic glycine response is 3 μm, an order of magnitude lower than the ionotropic glycine receptor in the same retina. The bipolar cell glutamatergic input to ganglion cells was suppressed by metabotropic glycine action. The synaptic output of about two-thirds of bipolar cells and calcium current in two-thirds of ganglion cells are sensitive to the action of glycine at metabotropic receptors, suggesting this signal regulates specific synaptic pathways in proximal retina. This study resolves the curious absence of a metabotropic glycine pathway in the nervous system and reveals that the major fast inhibitory neurotransmitters, GABA and glycine, both activate G-protein-coupled pathways as well.
Systemic Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide exacerbates the inflammatory response post-myocardial infarction through matrix metalloproteinase-9 (897.6)

Why periodontal disease (PD) strongly correlates with increased mortality post-myocardial infarction (MI) is unknown. Previously, we showed P. gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (PgLPS) exposure increas...
An Algebraic Representation of Calendars

This paper uses an algebraic approach to define temporal granularities and calendars. All the granularities in a calendar are expressed as algebraic expressions based on a single “bottom” granularity. The operations used in the algebra directly reflect the ways with which people construct new granularities from existing ones, and hence yield more natural and compact granularities definitions. Calendar is formalized on the basis of the algebraic operations, and properties of calendars are studied. As a step towards practical applications, the paper also presents algorithms for granule conversions between granularities in a calendar.
Social Context at Work: A Multilevel Analysis of Job Satisfaction

Analyzing data on classified employees working in 18 departments in a university, this paper uses hierarchical linear models to explore the effects of social context on workers' job satisfaction. Drawing on organizational demographers' claims that satisfying social relations in the workplace have demographic sources and that workers are more satisfied in demographically homogeneous work units, we examine the effects of department-level sex and race heterogeneity on workers' feelings about their jobs. Our results show that satisfaction levels are lower in more sex- and race-heterogeneous departments, as hypothesized. In addition, we found that satisfaction is higher in departments with higher average levels of job tenure, though the individual-level effect of tenure on job satisfaction was not statistically significant. Our results provide support for a social-relational view of work and demonstrate the usefulness of multilevel models as an analytic strategy for examining these issues.
Advanced materials for high energy density capacitors

Four different approaches to develop materials for high-energy-density and high-voltage capacitors are presented: diamond like carbon films, chemically vapor deposited diamonds films, ULTEM polyetherimide films, and computer-modeled modified polyetherimide films. Following a brief discussion of the state-of-the-art, the status of the work on these materials is presented, which includes measurements of resistivity, dielectric constant and loss, and breakdown strength. The results are very encouraging and suggest that energy densities of 4-15 J/cm/sup 3/ are possible. >
Temperature dependent soret spectral band shifts accompany human CN-mesohemoglobin assembly.

The interaction between human apohemoglobin A and CN-Mesohemin, a monomeric non-native heme derivative, was probed by Soret spectrophotometric titrations in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer, pH 7 at varied temperatures. Hypsochromic shifts in the absorbance maxima were observed at all temperatures below 10°C. First derivative spectroscopy of CN-Mesohemin titrations was used to provide further evidence of a spectral shift upon CN-Mesohemoglobin assembly. Findings of Soret Spectral shifts demonstrate a preference for the α chain heme site by CN-Mesohemin indicative of semi-α-hemoglobin intermediate formation. CN-Mesohemin, a derivative with peripheral 2,4 ethyl groups, does not possess the extended conjugation seen for native CN-Protohemin with its 2,4 vinyl groups. Indeed, reduced polarity of CN-Mesohemin over that of CN-Protohemin resulted in distinct temperature dependencies. Molecular visualization and protein-ligand interaction analysis targeted a functionally diverse residue unique to the α-chain. Tyrosine-42 (a polar/non-polar amino acid) appeared to play a prominent role in the assembly process.
Bubble point pressure estimates from Gibbs ensemble simulations

Abstract Bubble pressure points of ethanol–1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC-227ea refrigerant) mixtures from the third Industrial Fluid Properties Simulation Challenge are computed using publicly available molecular simulation software. Several published force fields are compared against the known answers provided in the contest guidelines and the best force fields are used to make predictions for the unknown results.
Effects of nigral and cortical stimulation on cyclic AMP in the caudate nucleus of the cat.

Abstract The effects of Cortical (CX) and Nigral (SN) stimulation on cyclic AMP (cAMP) changes in Caudate (CD) of intact cats and cats with unilateral lesions of the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) have been compared. After unilateral stimulation of both SN and CX in intact cats, cAMP increased significantly in the CD of the stimulated side. In unilaterally lesioned cats, no increase in cAMP was detected in the CD of the lesioned side after bilateral SN and CX stimulation. These results indicate that the increase of cAMP concentration in the CD by either SN or CX stimulation may involve a dopaminergic input.
Survey of software engineering education

This study summarizes the software engineering course offerings of nearly one hundred universities responding to a recent survey. Information to determine the current state of software engineering education is tabulated and analyzed in order to support curriculum development and to determine deficiencies and future needs.Characteristics of the institutions are used to compare relative numbers, types and academic levels of course offerings. A history of course startups provides insight into the growth and direction of new classes. Instructor background is examined to determine current and future faculty support needs. Similarly, the use and availability of textbooks, automated tools, and other teaching materials are investigated for cours support requirements. Information on course format and project organization provides additional understanding of the structure of current software engineering courses.
Biophysical mechanism of T-cell receptor triggering in a reconstituted system

A T cell-mediated immune response is initiated by the T cell receptor (TCR) interacting with peptide-bound MHC (pMHC) on an infected cell. The mechanism by which this interaction triggers intracellular phosphorylation of the TCR, which lacks a kinase domain, remains poorly understood. Here, we have introduced the TCR and associated signalling molecules into a nonimmune cell and reconstituted ligand-specific signalling when these cells are conjugated with antigen presenting cells. We show that signalling requires the differential segregation of a phosphatase and kinase in the plasma membrane. An artificial, chemically-controlled receptor system generates the same effect as TCR-pMHC, demonstrating that the binding energy of an extracellular protein-protein interaction can drive the spatial segregation of membrane proteins without a transmembrane conformational change. This general mechanism may extend to other receptors that rely on extrinsic kinases, including, as we demonstrate, chimaeric antigen receptors being developed for cancer immunotherapy.
Norepinephrine and amino acids in prepyriform cortex of rats fed imbalanced amino acid diets

Monoamines and amino acids were measured in anterior prepyriform cortex (PPC) and anterior cingulate cortex (CC) of male Sprague-Dawley rats after they were offered basal, imbalanced (IMB) or corrected amino acid diets, limited in threonine (THR) or isoleucine (ILE). In the THR study, brains were taken after 2.5 hr of feeding, when intake of THR-IMB was just depressed. In the ILE study the brains were taken after 3.5 hr on ILE-IMB, a less severely imbalanced ration, before the onset of food intake depression. The PPC has been shown to be involved in the acute response of animals to imbalanced amino acid diets. In the PPC from the IMB diet groups, NE was reduced by 30%, but the other monoamines were unchanged. In CC, an area involved in the adaptive, but not the acute feeding response to imbalanced diets, the monoamines were unchanged in the IMB diet groups. In both studies, in both tissues, the limiting amino acids were decreased in the IMB groups, although the decrease of ILE in the CC failed to reach significance. The remaining indispensable amino acids, added to create the imbalance, were slightly reduced in the THR-IMB group, but not in the ILE-IMB group in both tissues. Thus, the amino acid patterns were altered in the PPC and CC, as they are in whole brains from animals fed imbalanced amino acid diets. These results also suggest that the concentration of NE in the PPC may be associated with the initial food intake response of animals to imbalanced amino acid diets.
Acquired cholesteatoma presenting as a large pars squamosa temporal bone mass

Educational Objective: At the conclusion of this presentation, the participants should be able to discuss the differential diagnosis of a pars squamosa temporal bone mass, discuss unusual locations in which cholesteatoma may appear, and explain the need for long term followup in canal wall down mastoidectomy patients. Objectives: To present a case of an acquired cholesteatoma presenting as a large lateral pars squamosa temporal bone mass and review the literature on cholesteatoma presenting in unusual locations. Study Design: Case report and review of the literature. Methods: While congenital cholesteatomas have been reported to arise in atypical locations such as the maxillary sinus and occipitoparietotemporal junction, there have been very few reports of acquired cholesteatomas arising in unusual locations. A 16 year old female with an acquired cholesteatoma presenting as a large lateral squamous temporal bone mass with intracranial extension nine years after canal wall down (CWD) mastoidectomy and six years after revision surgery is presented. Her management and followup are discussed and a review of the literature for atypical locations of cholesteatoma is presented. Results: Review of the English literature revealed only a single case of acquired cholesteatoma within the squamous temporal bone. Our patient underwent successful excision of the mass through a lateral approach, confirming the diagnosis. Conclusions: Acquired cholesteatoma typically arises in the middle ear and mastoid. Rarely, it can present in atypical locations. The consequences of undiagnosed, untreated cholesteatoma can be significant. This case highlights the need for routine long term surveillance in children with CWD mastoidectomy cavities.
Al-Qushjī's Reform of the Ptolemaic Model for Mercury

In this article the author analyzes a fifteenth-century Arabic reform of the Ptolemaic model for Mercury. The author of the reform was the Central Asian – Ottoman astronomer ‘Alā” al-Dīn al-Qushjī (d. 1474 A.D.) who, in his youth, had been instructed in the mathematical sciences by none other than the famous Central Asian monarch Ulugh Beg (1394–1449). Although the astronomers of Ulugh Beg's circle are known to have produced extensive astronomical Persian tables, no one other than Qushjī has been yet identified to have produced a theoretical text devoted to the criticism, let alone the reform, of the Ptolemaic mathematical planetary models. The present article on Qushji's reform of the Ptolemaic model for Mercury includes a critical first edition of Qushji's Arabic text, an English translation, and a historical and technical commentary.
Energy convergence results for strongly damped nonlinear wave equations

On considere l'equation d'onde non lineaire abstraite fortement amortie: u tt +(αA 2 +β)u t +B 2 u=F(u) ou A et B sont des operateurs auto-adjoints positifs sur un espace de Hilbert H, u=u(t) prend des valeurs dans H pour t non negatif, et F est une application localement Lipschitz d'un bon sous ensemble de H dans H; α et β sont des constantes non negatives. Soit u + β une solution. On etudie le comportement de uαβ quand α,β→O
Wavelet-based intensity analysis of the mechanomyograph and electromyograph during the H-reflex.

The relationship between mechanomyography (MMG) and electromyography (sEMG) during electrically evoked muscle contraction was examined using the von Tscharner “intensity analysis,” which describes the power of a non-stationary signal as a function of both frequency and time. Data for 8 college-aged participants (3 males; 5 females) with measurable H-reflexes were analyzed. Recruitment curves for H-reflex (H), M-wave (M) using sEMG, and peak-to-peak MMG (MMGp–p) were elicited through incremental tibial nerve stimulation. The maximum peak-to-peak values for H and M for each sample were summed (HM); and maximum intensity values were measured for MMG, H, and M following the intensity analysis and computation of total intensity (MMGCvT, HCvT, MCvT). HCvT and MCvT were subsequently added together (HMCvT) for comparisons. Correlations of HM:MMGp–p, HM:MMGCvT, HMCvT:MMGCvT, HMCvT:MMGp–p, were low (r = 0.34, 0.33, 0.09, and 0.12, respectively, p < 0.001); and correlations of HM:HMCvT, MMGCvT:MMGp–p, were moderate-to-high (r = 0.69 and 0.97, respectively, p < 0.001). Correlations for individuals ranged from 0.61 to 0.99 across comparisons. The time at which maximal intensities occurred reflected the transition from a predominant H-reflex to the onset of the M-wave and declining lag times were noted with increasing intensity. The intensity analysis provides insight into the frequency characteristics of the H-reflex and M-wave not seen in traditional analysis of the H-reflex. The intensity analysis may be a useful tool in studying individual variations and changes in the contraction velocities of skeletal muscle.
The enzymatic maceration of plant tissue

A new technique was developed for measuring the enzymatic maceration of plant tissue. When potato tissue disks were subjected to constant agitation in the presence of a “macerating enzyme” they were reduced to a suspension of single cells. the maceration process was followed by determining the increase in turbidity of reaction mixtures at 475 mμ due to the release of free cells. The process of tissue maceration as measured by this turbidimetric procedure was observed to consist of a lag phase followed by a linear phase of cell release; the length of the lag phase and the slope of the linear phase of cell release were both related to the log of the “macerating enzyme” concentration. The “macerating enzyme” ofSclerotium rolfsii was purified and identified as an endo-polygalacturonase. Een nieuwe methode werd ontwikkeld om de enzymatische maceratie van planteweefsel te meten. Schijfjes aardappel werden in een oplossing van een macererend enzym in voortdurende beweging gehouden, waardoor een suspensie van afzonderlijke cellen ontstond. Het verloop van de maceratie werd vervolgd door de toename der troebeling bij 475 mμ. Het maceratieproces, gemeten volgens deze turbidimetrische methode, bleek eerst een “lag phase” te vertonen, daarna verliep het lineair met de tijd. De lengte van de “lag phase” en de hellingshoek van de lineaire fase hielden beide verband met de concentratie van het macererende enzym. Het macererende enzym vanSclerotium rolfsii is gezuiverd en geidentificeerd als een endo-polygalacturonase.
The Composition of Economic Causes

L'A. rejette la methode deductive de J. S. Mill qui rend possible une connaissance scientifique des sujets complexes tels que l'economie, et qui cache une methode inductive des lois causales individuelles. La composition de lois separees qui permet la connaissance causale du phenomene d'interet souffre du presuppose de l'additionnalite de ces lois