cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction: From Growth Controls, to Comprehensive Planning, to Smart Growth: Planning's Emerging Fourth Wave

Problem: Local, regional, and state growth management policy in the United States has been evolving since the 1950s, generally becoming much more comprehensive in how it addresses growth over time. Purpose: In this article, I describe the three historic phases of local, regional, and state approaches to managing growth in the United States since the 1950s. I then sketch the characteristics of the emerging fourth wave, one that must respond to challenges relating to economic development, climate change, and changing energy demands and supplies. Methods: Using a review of the literature and an assessment of the major trends shaping local, regional, and state land planning efforts, the article traces the evolution of growth management policy. Results and conclusions: Of the many changes land planning policy has experienced over time, the most telling is the shift in attitudes toward growth and development. For many decades growth management policy viewed development as a problem to be limited or managed, but...
Interviewers as a Source of Error in Surveys

ALMOST every research man will concede that field work is one of the most serious sources of error in the typical research project, and some contend that it is the major source of error.1 Little is done on the typical project, however, to control this type of error. Part-time interviewers are used. Frequently they are on the staff of an independent field work organization. Their capabilities are seldom known by the research director. His only contact with them is likely to be through a written set of instructions which may be studied with varying degrees of care. Completed interviews are "edited" for mechanical procedure, and routine checks for cheating are made. The collected data are then punched into cards and are assumed to be correct. There is reason to believe that the field
The Weak Helps the Strong: Sigma-Holes and the Stability of MF4·Base Complexes

Bonding interactions between an electron-deficient region (a sigma-hole) on M and electron donors in MF4–Base complexes, where M = C, Si, Ge, Sn, and Pb, are examined and rationalized. These interactions are seen to transition from weak primarily noncovalent interactions for all bases when M = C to stronger primarily covalent bonds in adducts as the valence shell expands for the heavier M atoms. For M = Ge, Sn, and Pb, the complexes are particularly stable. The consistent axial preference in these systems is anticipated by previous studies and is readily explained from the vantage point of sigma-hole interactions. A series of bound complexes of common bases such as pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, and water are identified, some of which are even more stable than the SiF4·NH3 and SiF4·N(CH3)3 complexes that have already been identified experimentally. Sigma-hole bonding to di- and poly-substituted central atoms, perhaps on par with halogen bonding, is expected to become increasingly important as an ordering inte...
Super-secondary Structure: A Historical Perspective

The history of the concept of protein folds is discussed, starting with the original concept of super-secondary structure. This has led to the recognition of a fairly small number of distinct folds defining individual domains within larger proteins. Each fold can usually be associated with a specific function. Thus the active site of an enzyme is likely to be at the boundary between domains, each contributing a simple function to a more complex process.
Long-term outcomes of minor troponin elevations in the intensive care unit.

The aim of our study is to determine the short-term and long-term outcomes of intensive care unit (ICU) patients with minor troponin elevations. The retrospective study compared ICU patients with p...
Self-optimizing control and mode switching for multi-functional Variable Refrigerant Flow air conditioning systems via extremum seeking

This paper proposes extremum seeking control (ESC) schemes for different operational modes of a Multi-functional Variable Refrigerant Flow (MFVRF) system as well as a mode switching scheme, in order to optimize energy efficiency in real time without using detailed plant models. Five operational modes are considered: Cooling Only, Heating Only, Cooling Dominated, Heating Dominated, and Heat Recovery. The zone temperature setpoint is achieved by controlling the respective indoor unit (IDU) fan speed, and the feedback required is the total power consumption of the compressor motor, outdoor unit (ODU) condenser fan and IDU evaporator fans. For different operational modes, the ESC inputs are chosen to be different combinations of compressor suction pressure setpoint, ODU fan speed, bypass flow valve opening, superheat setpoints for IDU's and ODU. Also, a set of switching logic has been developed for changing the operation modes of ODU and IDU, along with bumpless transfer schemes. To evaluate the proposed control and mode-switching strategies, a Modelica based dynamic simulation model is developed for the MFVRF system. Simulation results demonstrate the capability for the ESC to achieve the optimal operation in model-free fashion, as well as the effectiveness of the proposed mode switching scheme.
A current view of serotonin transporters.

Serotonin transporters (SERTs) are largely recognized for one aspect of their function—to transport serotonin back into the presynaptic terminal after its release. Another aspect of their function, however, may be to generate currents large enough to have physiological consequences. The standard model for electrogenic transport is the alternating access model, in which serotonin is transported with a fixed ratio of co-transported ions resulting in net charge per cycle. The alternating access model, however, cannot account for all the observed currents through SERT or other monoamine transporters. Furthermore, SERT agonists like ecstasy or antagonists like fluoxetine generate or suppress currents that the standard model cannot support. Here we survey evidence for a channel mode of transport in which transmitters and ions move through a pore. Available structures for dopamine and serotonin transporters, however, provide no evidence for a pore conformation, raising questions of whether the proposed channel mode actually exists or whether the structural data are perhaps missing a transient open state.
Positive Emotion Specificity and Mood Symptoms in an Adolescent Outpatient Sample

Research on positive emotion disturbance has gained increasing attention, yet it is not clear which specific positive emotions are affected by mood symptoms, particularly during the critical period of adolescence. This is especially pertinent for identifying potential endophenotypic markers associated with mood disorder onset and course. The present study examined self-reported discrete positive and negative emotions in association with clinician-rated manic and depressive mood symptoms in a clinically and demographically diverse group of 401 outpatient adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age. Results indicated that higher self reported joy and contempt were associated with increased symptoms of mania, after controlling for symptoms of depression. Low levels of joy and high sadness uniquely predicted symptoms of depression, after controlling for symptoms of mania. Results were independent of age, ethnicity, gender and bipolar diagnosis. These findings extend work on specific emotions implicated in mood pathology in adulthood, and provide insights into associations between emotions associated with goal driven behavior with manic and depressive mood symptom severity in adolescence. In particular, joy was the only emotion associated with both depressive and manic symptoms across adolescent psychopathology, highlighting the importance of understanding positive emotion disturbance during adolescent development.
Student Response Systems and Learning: Perceptions of the Student

ABSTRACTTo assess student perception of learning and use of a student response system (SRS) as a teaching/learning strategy. Survey methods were used to explore student perceptions of learning and use of student response systems as a pedagogical strategy. Fifty-nine graduate students participated in the survey post completion of two graduate intervention courses. Overall, there was a positive response to the use of SRS's in the classroom. All of the students (100%) recommended the continued use of the clickers for various reasons. The primary benefit reported by students related to providing immediate feedback, the opportunity to manipulate and revisit the content, and the ability to check for understanding within a class session. Students recommended the continued use of the SRS in classes to support acquisition of content and exam preparation. The student reported technology difficulties as the only the negative to SRS use in the classroom. Instructor perception was that the addition of the SRS devices ...
Toward understanding thalamocortical dysfunction in schizophrenia through computational models of neural circuit dynamics.

Abstract The thalamus is implicated in the neuropathology of schizophrenia, and multiple modalities of noninvasive neuroimaging provide converging evidence for altered thalamocortical dynamics in the disorder, such as functional connectivity and oscillatory power. However, it remains a challenge to link these neuroimaging biomarkers to underlying neural circuit mechanisms. One potential path forward is a “Computational Psychiatry” approach that leverages computational models of neural circuits to make predictions for the dynamical impact dynamical impact on specific thalamic disruptions hypothesized to occur in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Here we review biophysically-based computational models of neural circuit dynamics for large-scale resting-state networks which have been applied to schizophrenia, and for thalamic oscillations. As a key aspect of thalamocortical dysconnectivity in schizophrenia is its regional specificity, it is important to consider potential sources of intrinsic heterogeneity of cellular and circuit properties across cortical and thalamic structures.
High-Dose Vitamin D3 Administration Is Associated With Increases in Hemoglobin Concentrations in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adults: A Pilot Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Anemia and vitamin D deficiency are highly prevalent in critical illness, and vitamin D status has been associated with hemoglobin concentrations in epidemiologic studies. We examined the effect of high-dose vitamin D therapy on hemoglobin and hepcidin concentrations in critically ill adults. Materials and Methods: Mechanically ventilated critically ill adults (N = 30) enrolled in a pilot double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of high-dose vitamin D3 (D3) were included in this analysis. Participants were randomized to receive placebo, 50,000 IU D3, or 100,000 IU D3 daily for 5 days (totaling 250,000 IU D3 and 500,000 IU D3, respectively). Blood was drawn weekly throughout hospitalization for up to 4 weeks. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess change in hemoglobin and hepcidin concentrations by treatment group over time. Results: At enrollment, >75% of participants in all groups had plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations 85% of participants ac...
Mammoth Data in the Cloud: Clustering Social Images.

Social image datasets have grown to dramatic size with images classified in vector spaces with high dimension (512-2048) and with potentially billions of images and corresponding classification vectors. We study the challenging problem of clustering such sets into millions of clusters using Iterative MapReduce. We introduce a new Kmeans algorithm in the Map phase which can tackle the challenge of large cluster and dimension size. Further we stress that the necessary parallelism of such data intensive problems are dominated by particular collective (reduction) operations which are common to MPI and MapReduce and study different collective implementations, which enable cloud-HPC cluster interoperability. Extensive performance results are presented.
Statistical analysis of data from countercurrent distribution. V. The isotope effect.

Abstract Given enough transfers, many mixtures of compounds, identical except for having two different isotopic labels or one compound unlabeled, can be separated. Quantitation of this isotope effect is then essential if mixtures of isotopic compounds are to be used for identification. β values ( K higher K lower ) have been found in the examples examined to be within the range of 1.01. Therefore, if upon separate distributions of a compound pair and their derivatives (e.g., acetates) there is obtained approximately the same low β value, identity is then established to a high degree of probability.
Do Medical Comorbidities Affect Outcomes in Patients With Rotator Cuff Tears

Background:The effects of medical comorbidities on clinical outcomes in patients with rotator cuff tears (RCTs) have not been fully elucidated. This study investigates the association between medic...
Heart Carcinoid Disease with Patent Foramen Ovale Treated by Mini Sternotomy

This case report was an attempt to present the importance of diagnostic echocardiography and closure of a patent foramen ovale in carcinoid heart disease. Herein, we present a case of a 48-year-old woman with a carcinoid metastasis presenting with tricuspid regurgitation, pulmonic stenosis, patent foramen ovale, and borderline left ventricular ejection fraction on an echocardiogram. Surgical intervention included closing the patent foramen ovale and replacing the tricuspid valve via mini-sternotomy. The tricuspid valve was repaired and the ejection fraction was preserved. The patient had an uncomplicated post-operative course. As indicated in this report, closing the patent foramen ovale along with fixing malfunctioning valves can improve the ejection fraction and the associated symptoms.
Neurologic and Functional Morbidity in Critically Ill Children With Bronchiolitis.

Objectives:Neurologic and functional morbidity occurs in ~30% of PICU survivors, and young children may be at particular risk. Bronchiolitis is a common indication for PICU admission among children less than 2 years old. Two single-center studies suggest that greater than 10–25% of critical bronchio
W-band feed horn with polarizer structure for an offset reflector antenna for cubesat applications

A compact W-band cylindrical waveguide horn antenna with polarizer structure is designed which offers wideband left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) and symmetric radiation pattern. It has wideband impedance matching below S 11 = −15 dB and axial ratio below 1.8 dB from 79.5 GHz to 87.5 GHz. This horn is used as a feed source for an offset parabolic reflector. The reflector antenna provides peak RHCP (right-hand circular polarization) directivity of 37.3 dBic at 86 GHz.
The Incidence of Ischemic Colitis after Repair of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms Is Decreasing in the Endovascular Era

Background Ischemic colitis (IC) is a well-described complication of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (rAAAs). The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of IC in patients with rAAA undergoing open repair (OR) versus endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) at a single institution. In addition, we analyzed the incidence of IC before and after the implementation of a formal rupture AAA protocol (rEVAR protocol). Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data on all patients presenting with rAAA to our institution between January 2002 and October 2013 was performed. Variables were analyzed for association with IC. Comparisons were made using Pearson's chi-squared test or Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, Student's t-test for continuous variables, and logistic regression for multivariate analysis. Significance was set at P Results Three hundred three patients with rAAA presented over the 10-year study period. One hundred ninety-one patients underwent OR and 89 patients underwent endovascular repair. Twenty-three patients died either in the emergency department, en route to the operating room, or after choosing comfort care. Predictive factors of IC included estimated blood loss, corresponding need for resuscitation, and duration of procedure. Of patients who underwent OR, the rate of IC was 21% (40/191). This was significantly higher than patients who underwent EVAR, 7% (6/89), P Conclusions The incidence of IC has decreased significantly in the endovascular era but continues to portend a poor prognosis. Implementation of a formal, multidisciplinary rEVAR protocol in our institution decreased the incidence of IC.
Engineering transfer student leavers: Voices from the sidelines of the engineering playing field

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand and illuminate the experiences and stories of Midwestern Community College transfer students who entered and left engineering at a large Midwestern research university. Participants were invited based the following selection criteria: (1) Midwestern Community College transfer students who enter engineering; (2) completion of Calculus I and II, Physics, Chemistry, English I and II prior to transferring; (3) stayed in engineering at least 2 semesters; and (4) left engineering in the Fall 2010, Spring 2011, or Fall 2011 semesters for another major. Eight students participated in this qualitative study. The researcher encouraged the participants to share their perceptions and experiences of the various transitions involved in this phenomenological sequence of events. The following themes emerged: (a) Community college is like an extension of high school; (b) Inadequate community college advising; (c) Academic rigor; (d) “I can’t/don’t want to do this anymore...;” (e) Lack of academic support; (f) Variable quality of student-faculty interactions; (g) Sense of belonging; and (h) Challenges of being an older student. Students in this study described a clashing of cultures as they transitioned from a community college to a large research university. Further study is needed in order to understand the complexity of this student experience and to develop policies and programs which meet the needs of engineering transfer students.
Immunological Interactions between Mother and Fetus

Development of the capacity to bear live young constitutes one of the most significant events in the evolution of mammals, for it permits the fetus to acquire complex organization, particularly of the brain, in a more favorable environment than is afforded by other forms of reproduction. The successful introduction of viviparity necessitated its integration with previously existing specializations, the most important of which for the present discussion are immunological competence of the individual and the diversity of antigenic protein variants within species. Since the fetus inherits paternal allotypes (see glossary on page 431 for definitions of certain terms), and fails to acquire all maternal genes, both fetus and mother possess antigens foreign to the other. Although immunological conflict between mother and fetus is commonly avoided, pregnancy may be complicated by immunological interactions between mother and fetus, with consequences ranging in severity from relatively trivial manifestations revealed only by sensitive laboratory tests, to catastrophic results for one or even both partners.
Re-envisioning community spaces in Corona, Queens, New York City

Abstract Public gathering space is limited in dense urban areas such as Corona, a neighborhood exemplary of its Queens, New York City home for international diversity, rapidly changing demographics, and limited access to resources and opportunities. Art played a vital role in the development of Corona Plaza, a public site of art engagement established through an unusual collaboration between the Queens Museum and the Queens Economic Development Corporation and whose success also relied upon involvement of residents and community organizations. The Corona Plaza example demonstrates how art activates undervalued sites, terrain vagues, providing avenues for them to serve the needs of the local community. The development of the plaza also exemplifies how existing informal networks provide the foundation for art districts that incorporate resident voices, thereby engendering a sense of meaning and collective ownership of place within the community.
Unrefined humic substances as a potential low-cost amendment for the management of acidic groundwater contamination.

Abstract The present study explores a novel application of Huma-K, a commercially available, unrefined humic substance, as a promising low-cost source of organic matter for in situ remediation of contaminated acidic groundwater plumes. This can be achieved by creating a humic-rich coating on the surface of minerals which can enhance the sorption of contaminants from groundwater. Huma-K was characterized by means of scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared analysis, and potentiometric titrations. Batch experiments were performed to investigate the sorption-desorption behavior of Huma-K and to evaluate what conditions (pH, contact time, and initial Huma-K concentration) affect these processes upon injection into aquifer sediments. As evidenced by potentiometric titrations, Huma-K possesses functional groups that have an acidic nature, with p K values in the range of 4–6 (carboxylic) and 9–10 (phenolic). Sorption, homogeneous precipitation, and surface-induced precipitation seem to be favored in the presence of sediment at pH 4, where there is less deprotonation of acidic functional groups. As the pH is increased, functional groups become negatively charged, leading to electrostatic repulsion and dissolution of Huma-K from sediment. Kinetic experiments indicate that Huma-K sorption is a slow-rate process, most likely governed by film diffusion. The enhanced sorption of Huma-K in acidic conditions suggests that it may be used to create a subsurface treatment zone in acidic aquifers for the sequestration of contaminants such as uranium. The treatment zone will persist as long as the pH does not increase sufficiently to cause soil-bound Huma-K to be released, remobilizing aqueous contaminants.
Honeycomb pattern on thin wall object with grain based 3d printing

Abstract Thin wall free form shaped objects frequently encounter printing difficulties including significantly higher build time, increased support structure, and trapped support material. Limited envelop volume of the existing 3D Printers narrows down the printability of larger objects. In this paper, we propose a novel grain based segmentation approach suitable for curved free-form shaped thin wall objects. Surface points from mesh are clustered into homogeneous groups based on the attributes including facet normal, neighboring facet, locations, and spatial variation of functional response. The boundary defined by clustered facets is called grain here which is constructed with modified K-mean facet clustering algorithm. The grain geometry is optimized for maximum uniformity in their surface curvature to reduce their fabrication complexity, support volume and fabrication time. Once the grains are generated, they are optimally oriented on the base plane to reduce the deviation caused by the surface curvature. The grain is then tessellated with variational hexagonal honeycomb cells to capture functional variation. The thin wall lattice grains are manufactured with the optimal orientations and assembled together with glue. The proposed methodology is implemented on two freeform shaped custom objects– helmet and hand cast, and tested on commercially available printers for fabrication. Comparative results indicate a significant reduction in total build time and support volume for both objects.
White matter integrity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Tract- and voxel-based analyses of diffusion data from the Connectom scanner.

Abstract Background Diffusion imaging abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD), indicating impaired structural connectivity. Newer methods permit the automated reconstruction of major white matter tracts from diffusion-weighted MR images in each individual's native space. Using high-definition diffusion data from SZ and BP subjects, we investigated brain white matter integrity using both an automated tract-based and voxel-based methods. Methods Using a protocol matched to the NIH (Young-Adult) Human Connectome Project (and collected on the same customized ‘Connectom’ scanner), diffusion scans were acquired from 87 total participants (aged 18–30), grouped as SZ (n = 24), BD (n = 33) and healthy controls (n = 30). Fractional anisotropy (FA) of eighteen white matter tracks were analyzed using the TRACULA software. Voxel-wise statistical analyses of diffusion data was carried out using the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) software. TRACULA group effects and clinical correlations were investigated using analyses of variance and multiple regression. Results TRACULA analysis identified a trend towards lower tract FA in SZ patients, most significantly in the left anterior thalamic radiation (ATR; p = .04). TBSS results showed significantly lower FA voxels bilaterally within the cerebellum and unilaterally within the left ATR, posterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, and superior longitudinal fasciculus in SZ patients compared to controls (FDR corrected p Conclusions White matter abnormality in SZ varies in severity across different white matter tract regions. Our results indicate that voxel-based analysis of diffusion data is more sensitive than tract-based analysis in identifying such abnormalities. Absence of white matter abnormality in BD may be related to medication effects and age.
Gabapentin and Pregabalin Not Effective for Low Back Pain with or Without Radiculopathy.

The use of anticonvulsants like gabapentin (Neurontin) for painful conditions has increased greatly in recent years. This review finds good evidence that these drugs are not an effective treatment for low back pain with or without radiculopathy, and are associated with an increased risk of adverse events.
A non-assignment problem-based formulation for the asymmetric travelling salesman problem and its variation

In this paper, an exact formulation for the asymmetric travelling salesman problem (ATSP) is presented by approaching it as a single commodity flow problem. This approach is different from existing exact formulations in the literature which are based on the assignment problem (AP), thus, it resolves issues that the AP-based formulations pose for solving certain real world instances by standard integer programming methods such as branch and bound. Moreover, in our computational experiments, half of the total computational time is expended to find the first feasible solution, then it is converged quickly to optimality. In contrast, the AP-based models rapidly computed an initial feasible solution but showed slow convergence to the optimum. Moreover, it is extendable to other variations of the travelling salesman problem (TSP) such as the multiple TSP and the selective TSP.
Effect of Yeast Fermentate Supplementation on Intestinal Health and Plasma Biochemistry in Heat-Stressed Pekin Ducks.

One experiment was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing Saccharomyces cerevisiae-derived yeast fermentate (Diamond V Mills, Cedar Rapids, IA, USA) in the feed (XPC; 1.25 kg/metric ton feed, days 0-35) or drinking water (AviCare; 160 mL/100 L, days 0-35) on plasma biochemical and immune parameters, as well as ileal histomorphology of mixed-sex Pekin ducks grown to 35 d and exposed to cyclic heat stress (8 h/d) or thermoneutral environment (days 21-35). On the day of hatching, 144 straight run White Pekin ducks were randomly assigned to one of six treatments: stressed control (CS), stressed + XPC (XS), stressed + AviCare (AS), non-stressed control (CN), non-stressed + XPC (XN), and non-stressed + AviCare (AN). On day 33, blood samples were collected from 12 birds/treatment to assess plasma chemistry, packed cell volume, and plasma levels of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-8, and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1-AGP). On day 34, ileum sections were collected from 12 birds/treatment to assess goblet cell density, villus length, crypt depth, and villus/crypt ratio from 6 villi per sample. Plasma phosphorus was influenced by diet (p 0.05). The heat-diet interaction affected plasma IL-1α (p = 0.021) and sodium (p = 0.046). Heat stress reduced villus length (p 0.05). Both XPC and AviCare increased villus length (p 0.05). Although adding yeast fermentate to the feed or drinking water does not appear to alleviate the effects of heat stress on goblet cell density, both routes of administration improved other measures of villus morphology and affected amino acid metabolism.
Elevated anti-citrullinated protein antibodies prior to rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis and risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma.

OBJECTIVE To investigate elevation of anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPAs) before diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and risks for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma. METHODS We performed a matched cohort study nested within the Nurses' Health Studies among women who donated blood. Women with incident RA after blood draw (self-reported, then confirmed by medical records) were each matched to 3 controls by age, cohort, year, and menopausal factors. Pre-RA ACPA positivity was defined as >99th percentile of control distribution by a research assay or by cyclic citrullinated peptide in a subset. Incident COPD and asthma after index date (date of blood draw) were identified by questionnaires. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) for incident COPD or asthma (in separate analyses) associated with pre-RA, pre-RA ACPA+, or pre-RA ACPA- phenotypes each compared to their matched non-RA controls. RESULTS We analyzed 283 women who were pre-RA and 842 controls; blood was donated a mean ± SD of 9.7 ± 5.8 years before RA diagnosis. Fifty-nine women (20.8%) were pre-RA ACPA+. There were 107 cases of incident COPD and 105 incident asthma cases during 21,489 person-years of follow-up. Pre-RA ACPA+ was associated with increased COPD risk (HR 3.04 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.33-7.00]) after adjusting for covariates including smoking pack-years. Pre-RA ACPA+ had an HR for asthma of 1.74 (multivariable 95% CI 0.72-4.24), similar to the risk of asthma for pre-RA ACPA- (HR 1.65 [95% CI 1.11-2.46]). CONCLUSION Women with elevated ACPA before RA diagnosis had increased risk for developing COPD compared to controls. Women who later developed RA were more likely to develop asthma than controls, regardless of pre-RA ACPA status.
The psychopharmacology algorithm project at the Harvard South Shore Program: An algorithm for core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder in adults

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterized by impaired social communication and restricted repetitive behaviors and interests. There are no FDA-approved medications for these core symptoms, and there are limited data regarding pharmacological management of ASD in adults. Here, the literature was reviewed in an effort to develop an algorithm for pharmacological management of core symptoms of ASD in adults. The literature search was conducted using PubMed. It was very difficult to distil a plausible algorithm from these data. Not included in this review are behavioral strategies, which are first-line. For instances when medication is being considered for management of core ASD symptoms in adults, the authors suggest starting with fluvoxamine as first-line, with possible consideration of a second SSRI trial if there is an inadequate or no response to fluvoxamine. The next step, if there is comorbid irritability, is to consider a second-generation antipsychotic. If there is no comorbid irritability, in the final step of the tentative algorithm, there are possible augmenting agents: propranolol, memantine, d-cycloserine, and oxytocin. Management of the symptoms of ASD requires a comprehensive treatment approach, and treatment planning must be individualized. Treatment of core ASD symptoms is not always desired. Further studies are needed to develop a stronger evidence base to support pharmacological management of core symptoms.
Making a difference in the community: local civic engagement efficacy among immigrants and refugees in King County, Washington

Issues of immigration and citizenship are at the forefront of policy and public opinion in the United States. This study explores immigrant and refugee perceptions of their ability to make a differ...
Order and Law in China

The near half-century of the post-Mao era has almost universally been called one of construction of China’s legal system. But while great changes have taken place in China’s public order and dispute resolution institutions, other things have changed little or not at all. Most commentary focuses on the changes; this article, by contrast, will look at what has not changed—the important continuities that have persisted for over four decades. This article argues that the scholarly community has accumulated over the past four decades a number of observations about China’s order maintenance institutions that are increasingly difficult to explain using the conventional vocabulary and concepts of legality. When we see inconsistencies, we tend to explain them as signs of the immaturity of the legal system, or as mistakes, or as unrepresentative aberrations. This kind of explanation is driven by a conscious or subconscious convergence theory. But we have to take these inconsistencies seriously and come up with a theory does not require us to treat them as inconsistencies; a theory that treats them as features, not bugs. This article argues that China has been building a system for the maintenance of order and the political primacy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), not for the delivery of justice. It urges that we should not make ethnocentric assumptions about how various institutions in China—or indeed in any society with which we are not familiar—do or should operate merely on the basis of similarity of (translated) name or apparent isomorphism. If too many observations don’t fit the model, then it’s time to change the model, not to dismiss the observations. The argument presented here—that we should look beyond the “rule of law” model as the sole way of analyzing and measuring a society’s order maintenance institutions—has implications for our understanding of authoritarian governance beyond just China. It is still customary to view authoritarian, non-democratic states as being on a spectrum from no rule of law at one end, perfect rule of law at the other, and “rule by law” in the middle. And to the extent they are reasonably stable and have institutions that look like familiar legal institutions, “rule by law” is how they tend to be characterized. But “rule by law” turns out to be a thin and unsatisfactory concept: a poor man’s rule of law. Applying this label amounts to saying not much more than that the institutions in question don’t measure up to the rule-of-law standard. We must learn to look for the apparent outliers, the errors and imperfections, and to ask ourselves whether they can be incorporated into a different paradigm that treats them as normal and expected. We might well find that the variety of human institutions is far richer than we had imagined.
Analysis of an Escherichia coli strain carrying physiologically compensating mutations one of which causes an altered ribonuclease 3.

A mutant of Escherichia coli, AB105, low in the level of ribonuclease III (an enzyme which degrades double-stranded RNA only), was obtained after treating cells of a ribonuclease I-free strain, A19, with nitrosoguanidine [Kindler, Kiel, and Hofschneider: Molec. gen. Genet. 126, 53–69 (1973)]. By a series of consecutive transductions, using a single E. coli strain, D10, related to the parental strain, as donor, we showed that strain AB105 is separated from strain A19 by at least seven mutations. In order to carry out these transductions, we made use of a number of phenotypic differences which distinguish strains A19 and AB105, such as poor growth on minimal medium or rich medium at any temperature, inability to utilize a variety of carbon sources, etc. After removing some of those mutations it became possible to transduce into such strains the RNase III+ allele from the donor strain D10. Pairs of RNase III+ and RNase III- strains, related one to the other by a single transduction were compared. T4 titers on both types of strains with the same efficiency, while T7 and λ titer better on RNase III+ strains. RNase III+ strains grow slightly better than RNase III- strains at all temperatures, however, at elevated temperatures RNase III+ strains unlike RNase III- strains fail to grow on minimal medium. Thus it seems that the mutation to RNase III- in strain AB105 compensates for some defect that does not permit such strains to grow on minimal medium at elevated temperatures. The enzyme seems to have an indispensible function in the cell but this function is not known yet.
Impact of Climate Risk on Firms’ Use of Trade Credit: International Evidence

We examine the association between climate risk and trade credit. We predict that firms exposed to climate risk-driven liquidity shocks prefer to use less trade credit. Using the Global Climate Ris...
The Case for Holistic Review in Communication Sciences and Disorders Admissions

Purpose The purpose of this article is to review the foundational tenets and current evidence regarding holistic review for graduate admissions that can be applied specifically to the field of comm...
Boundary spanning: Its role in trust development between stakeholders in integrated water resource management

Abstract This study sheds light on the importance of boundary spanners in developing the conditions that foster trust between stakeholders in integrated water resource management (IWRM). Boundary spanners routinely reach across organizational borders to build interconnections and interdependencies in order to manage complex problems, inform policy, and encourage knowledge sharing. The importance of the boundary spanning role has been shown in organizational business practices, urban planning, and higher education yet little research exists on its impact in IWRM. The mixed methods approach used in this study involved surveying and interviewing individuals with previous experience with IWRM in Nebraska. The results of the survey indicated that boundary spanning behavior predicted a large percentage of the variance in conditions that build trust between stakeholders. Further exploration revealed that boundary spanning, cooperation, power imbalance, and scale mismatch were predictors of trust building conditions. In addition, authentic leadership, autonomy, and trustworthiness were predictors of boundary spanners' ability to establish trust building conditions between stakeholders, with trustworthiness being the strongest predictor. The qualitative phase included interviews with thirteen individuals who participated in the online survey and scored high in boundary spanning behaviors. The interview analysis resulted in seven themes, which strongly support the promising role that boundary spanners play in fostering conditions that build trust between stakeholders within IWRM. This paper reflects on the importance of a boundary spanner within integrated water management, demonstrates the effectiveness of boundary spanning on the development of trust building conditions, and encourages more research on how to better identify and train boundary spanners to assist in the co-production of knowledge.
On the Outside Looking In: A Global Doula Response to COVID-19

From around the world, doulas report the impact of new COVID-19 restrictions on their ability to provide continuous emotional, physical, and informational support to pregnant people and their families. In a qualitative survey conducted in March and April 2020, we heard from over 500 doulas in 24 countries. Doulas practicing across the world revealed rapid changes to hospital policies. Even accounting for different public health responses across countries, the doulas in our study pointed to one common theme - their absence at births and the subsequent need to support birthing people virtually. In a follow-up survey and in interviews we conducted in July, we reconnected with doulas from our initial study to track their access to institutional birthing spaces. As countries experienced the effects of "flattening the curve," we found that doulas were still not considered "essential" workers and the majority could not attend births. Our research shows that doulas have ambiguous feelings about the efficacy of virtual support, that they raise concerns about the long-term impact of COVID on their profession and that they are concerned about mistreatment and obstetric violence as birthing people enter hospitals alone.
Michigan Local Officials’ Views on the Next Recession: Timing, Concerns, and Actions Taken

This report presents the assessments of Michigan’s local government leaders regarding the next recession, including its expected timing and impacts, and whether their jurisdictions have taken action to prepare for it. These findings are based on statewide surveys of local government leaders in the Spring 2019 wave of the Michigan Public Policy Survey (MPPS).
Utility of routine patch testing prior to surgical repair of pectus excavatum: A multidisciplinary experience via retrospective review at a single tertiary care center.

Background The Nuss procedure is the only implant procedure in which routine, rather than selective, preoperative patch testing is recommended. This practice has recently been called into question. Objective To evaluate an updated experience of pre-implant patch testing in patients undergoing the Nuss procedure. Methods A retrospective chart review of Nuss procedures from 2012 through 2020. Results Forty-five patients were identified for data collection. From 2012 to 2014, none of the 14 patients were patch tested. From 2015 to 2020, 26 of 31 (83.9%) were patch tested. Of those tested, only 2 had a positive patch test. A hypoallergenic titanium bar was inserted in each case. In total, there were zero bar reactions. Conclusion The risks of patch testing are extremely small and should be weighed against the serious implications of even one bar allergy when deciding on future guidelines.
High-quality epitaxial thin films of topological kagome metal CoSn by magnetron sputtering

The topological kagome metal CoSn hosts orbital-selective Dirac bands and very flat bands near the Fermi energy that lead to a range of exotic phenomena, such as fractional quantum Hall states. In this work, we report the synthesis of high-quality epitaxial (0001) CoSn films by magnetron sputtering. Comprehensive structural characterizations demonstrate high crystalline quality with low disorder, sharp interfaces, and a smooth surface. Complementary magnetic and transport properties show a paramagnetic, metallic ground state as seen in bulk. Our work creates a synthetic foundation to investigate and utilize rich topological physics in CoSn thin films and heterostructures.
Matrix Methods for Multiple Measures

We return now to the context of Chap. 3 where rotational rescaling was introduced and then exploited in the manner of principal components via the princomp() function facility of R. We generalize that work to encompass linear transformation of multiple measures to generate a secondary set of what we will call virtual variates. We reserve the term virtual variates for situations in which the transformation is reversible so that the original multiple measures can be reproduced from the secondary set through a suitable transformation. In such circumstances, the transformation effectively provides a particular perspective from which to view the data without loss of information. With principal components, the perspective was one of independent (uncorrelated) dimensions (Raykov 2008; Timm 2002; Hair et al. 2010). In the earlier venture, we did not undertake to reverse the principal component transformation, but will do so in the course of current consideration. Virtual variates from principal components are also not the only interesting perspectives of this nature to be explored (Johnson and Wichern 2007; Sengupta 2003; Mukhopadhyay 2009), and linear transformations will entail several additional operators in R.
Applying Sociocultural Theory to Teaching Statistics for Doctoral Social Work Students

This article describes the development of two doctoral-level multivariate statistics courses utilizing sociocultural theory, an integrative pedagogical framework. In the first course, the implementation of sociocultural theory helps to support the students through a rigorous introduction to statistics. The second course involves students developing and testing their own hypotheses on secondary data sets, writing conference abstracts, and presenting at a mock conference. Quantitative and qualitative data from student feedback highlight the impact of this course, and findings from a short survey of doctoral programs suggest the widespread need for an effective approach to teaching doctoral-level statistics. The course model presented can be easily implemented in other doctoral programs of social work.
Primary cardiac lymphoma: an analysis of presentation, treatment, and outcome patterns.

BACKGROUND: Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) represents a rare subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, characterized by poor outcomes. The authors aimed to construct a framework of known clinical presentations, diagnostic features, disease complications, treatment, and outcomes to improve prognostication. METHODS: Individual patient data were obtained from defined cases of PCL (1949-2009) and systematically analyzed. RESULTS: The authors report results of a review of 197 cases of PCL, with half of all cases reported since 1995. Survival was affected by 4 factors: immune status, left ventricular involvement, presence of extra-cardiac disease, and arrhythmia. Median overall survival (OS) for immunocompromised and immunocompetent was 3.5 months (m) and not reached, respectively (HR 0.29, 95% CI, 0.13-0.68; P = .004). LV involvement was uncommon (26%) and associated with an OS of only 1m, whereas patients free of LV involvement had a median OS of 22m (HR 0.28, 95% CI, 0.12-0.64; P = .002). Patients with extracardiac disease had shorter median OS compared with those without (6m vs 22m, HR 0.49, 95% CI, 0.26-0.91; P = .02). Those patients with an arrhythmia of any type had a median OS that was not reached (n = 55), whereas those without rhythm disturbances (n = 41) had median OS of 6m (HR 0.51, 95% CI, 0.29-0.91; P = .024). Overall response rate to therapy was 84%, with long-term OS over 40%. CONCLUSIONS: The current study presents the largest analysis of PCL to date. The data demonstrate that PCL is now more frequently diagnosed premortem and appears to have reasonable response rates. Lack of LV involvement and the presence of arrhythmias are associated with improved survival. Cancer 2011. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Identification of Nonlinear Systems

It is extremely difficult to identify general nonlinear systems because of the number of unknowns involved. Moreover, since most design techniques assume a linear model, many of the nonlinearities that can be determined are essentially ignored. Why not develop nonlinear system identification techniques to reveal restricted classes of nonlinear systems that are mathematically tractable and design accessible? Some interesting calsses are restricted by differential geometric conditions on a state space representation. The purpose of this paper is to develop methods to recognize related conditions from an input-output point of view.