cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GENETIC STUDIES OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES. II. PLAQUE FORMATION BY INFLUENZA VIRUSES IN A CLONE OF A VARIANT HUMAN HETEROPLOID CELL LINE.

Abstract Plaque formation with representative strains of all major influenza A virus subtypes and with influenza B (Lee) virus has been obtained in a clone (clone 1-5C-4) of a human cell line of apparently unique susceptibility. The efficiency of plaque formation relative to egg infective dose (EIU) varies with the strain of virus, ranging from 2 to 70%. The clone (1-5C-4) has remained stable with respect to viral susceptibility for at least 36 transfers in mass culture during a period of 9 months. Certain strains of virus formed plaques of characteristic and distinctive type of potential value in genetic studies. Kinetic studies of the virus-cell interaction with NWS indicated that adsorption proceeded rapidly. However, about 40% of inoculated virus was unadsorbed. Adsorption not reversed with antiserum was a slower process and required 3–4 hours. Single-cycle infection with a high input multiplicity of virus required 20 hours for completion and resulted in a yield of 4 PFU/cell.
Computational modeling of Krypton gas puffs with tailored mass density profiles on Za)

Large diameter multi-shell gas puffs rapidly imploded by high current (∼20 MA, ∼100 ns) on the Z generator of Sandia National Laboratories are able to produce high-intensity Krypton K-shell emission at ∼13 keV. Efficiently radiating at these high photon energies is a significant challenge which requires the careful design and optimization of the gas distribution. To facilitate this, we hydrodynamically model the gas flow out of the nozzle and then model its implosion using a 3-dimensional resistive, radiative MHD code (GORGON). This approach enables us to iterate between modeling the implosion and gas flow from the nozzle to optimize radiative output from this combined system. Guided by our implosion calculations, we have designed gas profiles that help mitigate disruption from Magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor implosion instabilities, while preserving sufficient kinetic energy to thermalize to the high temperatures required for K-shell emission.
Isolation and Use of Rafts

This unit describes methods for isolating and analyzing rafts by detergent insolubility. To distinguish these rafts from raft-like membranes isolated by other methods, they are referred to here as detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs). DRMs can be isolated by flotation on sucrose density gradients or by pelleting after detergent extraction. DRM proteins can be analyzed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Additionally, radiolabeled DRM proteins can be analyzed, and lipids can be quantitated by high-performance thin layer chromatography. Support protocols needed for the lipid analysis are also provided. Finally, protocols for raft disruption by cholesterol removal and measuring the kinetics of such removal are included together with a method that reverses the cholesterol removal (cholesterol repletion).
Cities and Gender. By Helen Jarvis with Paula Kantor and Jonathan Clarke

A review of the book "Cities and Gender," by Helen Jarvis, Paula Kantor, and Jonathan Clarke is presented.
Secreted frizzled related protein 3 (SFRP3) is required for tumorigenesis of PAX3-FOXO1-positive alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma

Purpose: Rhabdomyosarcoma is a soft tissue sarcoma associated with the skeletal muscle lineage. Of the two predominant subtypes, known as embryonal (eRMS) and alveolar (aRMS), aRMS has the poorer prognosis, with a 5-year survival rate of <50%. The majority of aRMS tumors express the fusion protein PAX3-FOXO1. As PAX3-FOXO1 has proven chemically intractable, the current study aims to identify targetable proteins that are downstream from or coop-erate with PAX3-FOXO1 to support tumorigenesis. Experimental Design: Microarray analysis of the transcriptomes of human skeletal muscle myoblasts expressing PAX3-FOXO1 revealed alteration of several Wnt pathway gene members, including secreted frizzled related protein 3 (SFRP3), a secreted Wnt pathway inhibitor. Loss-of-function using shRNAs against SFRP3 were used to interrogate the role of SFRP3 in human aRMS cell lines in vitro and conditional murine xenograft systems in vivo. The combination of SFRP3 genetic suppression and the chemotherapeutic agent vincristine was also examined. Results: In vitro, suppression of SFRP3 inhibited aRMS cell growth, reduced proliferation accompanied by a G1 arrest and induction of p21, and induced apoptosis. In vivo, doxycycline-inducible suppression of SFRP3 reduced aRMS tumor growth and weight by more than three-fold, in addition to increasing myogenic differentiation and β-catenin signaling. The combination of SFRP3 suppression and vincristine was more effective at reducing aRMS cell growth in vitro than either treatment alone, and ablated tumorigenesis in vivo. Conclusions: SFRP3 is necessary for the growth of human aRMS cells both in vitro and in vivo and is a promising new target for investigation in aRMS.
Efficacy of clarithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae expressing mef(A)-mediated resistance

As a result of macrolide resistance rates of 25% for pneumococci in the US, the clinical use of this class as empirical therapy has been questioned. However, macrolides continue to be used with clinical success. Using an immunocompromised murine pneumonia model, this study evaluated in vivo efficacy of human simulated exposures of clarithromycin for 62 isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae considered resistant by current methods of breakpoint determinations. Changes in bacterial density were compared between treated animals and untreated controls. Inhibition of bacterial growth was consistently observed for the majority of isolates tested with mean (S.D.) reductions in logCFU per lung of -0.88 (0.69), -1.02 (0.87), -0.47 (0.79), -0.84 (0.66), -0.25 (0.26), -0.80 (0.72) and -0.58 (0.47) for MICs of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64 mg/l, respectively. A beneficial treatment effect was clearly noted for isolates with clarithromycin MICs <==8 mg/l. However, the sample size of isolates tested beyond the MIC of 8 mg/l was diminished due to mortality in both treated and untreated animals. Consistent suppression of bacterial growth observed in this neutropenic model provides support for the in vivo efficacy of clarithromycin with low-level macrolide-resistant S. pneumoniae.
Constituencies for Limitation and Regionalism: Approaches to Growth Management

Citizen responses to two successful growth-management referenda on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, are analyzed. A development moratorium and the creation of a regional land-use management agency represented contrasting strategies for managing growth problems; differences in support between the two approaches are examined. Individuals with direct links to the local economy provided the least support for a moratorium. Regionalism was supported by individuals with strong provincial attitudes because they were aware of the extra local impacts of development and anticipated tangible benefits from regional land-use planning. A two-tier approach was supported by a majority of the respondents, but generally, regionalism was given greater support than was the moratorium.
A robust formulation of the ensemble Kalman filter

The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) can be interpreted in the more general context of linear regression theory. The recursive filter equations are equivalent to the normal equations for a weighted least-squares estimate that minimizes a quadratic functional. Solving the normal equations is numerically unreliable and subject to large errors when the problem is ill-conditioned. A numerically reliable and efficient algorithm is presented, based on the minimization of an alternative functional. The method relies on orthogonal rotations, is highly parallel and does not ‘square’ matrices in order to compute the analysis update. Computation of eigenvalue and singular-value decompositions is not required. The algorithm is formulated to process observations serially or in batches and therefore easily handles spatially correlated observation errors. Numerical results are presented for existing algorithms with a hierarchy of models characterized by chaotic dynamics. Under a range of conditions, which may include model error and sampling error, the new algorithm achieves the same or lower mean square errors as the serial Potter and ensemble adjustment Kalman filter (EAKF) algorithms. Published in 2009 by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
Posterior propriety for Bayesian binomial regression models with a parametric family of link functions

Abstract We consider a Bayesian analysis of Binomial response data with covariates. To describe the problem under investigation, suppose we have n independent binomial observations Y 1 , … , Y n where Y i ∼ Bin ( m i , θ i ) and let x i be p -dimensional covariate vector associated with Y i for i = 1 , … , n . Binomial observations can be analyzed through a generalized linear model (GLM) where we assume θ i = F ( x i T β ) for some known distribution function F ( ⋅ ) and β is the vector of unknown regression coefficients. In this paper, we state necessary and sufficient conditions for propriety of the posterior distribution of β if an improper uniform prior is used on β . We also consider situations where the link function is not pre-specified but belongs to a parametric family and the link function parameters are estimated along with the regression coefficients. In this case, we investigate the propriety of the joint posterior distributions of β and the link function parameters. There are a number of parametric families of link functions available in the literature. As a specific example, we consider Pregibon’s (1980) [17] link function and show that our general posterior propriety results can be used to establish propriety of the posterior distributions corresponding to the Pregibon’s (1980) [17] link. We show that Pregibon’s (1980) [17] simple one parameter family of link function can be used to fit both positively and negatively skewed response curves. Moreover, the conditions for posterior propriety corresponding to the Pregibon’s (1980) [17] link can be easily checked and are milder than those required by the flexible GEV link of Wang and Dey (2010) [24] . As an illustration, we analyze a data set from Ramsey and Schafer (2002) [18] regarding the relationship between dose of Aflatoxicol and odds of liver tumor in rainbow trouts. In this example, the symmetric logit link fails to fit the data, whereas Pregibon’s (1980) [17] skewed link yields a slightly better fit than the GEV link.
The structure of a dinuclear complex of osmium(I) with a metal-to-metal single bond: bis(μ-acetato)hexacarbonyldiosmium

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of bis-(μ-acetato)hexacarbonyldiosmium, (CH 3 CO 2 ) 2 (CO) 6 , has been determined from the intensities of 3919 independent reflections measured with a counter diffractometer. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1 /c with eight molecules in a unit cell of dimensions a=7.767(6), b=28.347(14)c, c=14.600 (6) A and β=103.16(2); ϱ obs =2.83 and ϱ calcd =2.816 g/ml. The structure was solved by Patterson and Fourier methods and refined by least squares to a conventional R factor of 9.2% and a weighted R of 8.9%. The crystal structure is composed of dinuclear molecular units with no cyrstallographically imposed symmetry. The two independent molecules are identical within their estimated standard deviations and each has approximately C 2v symmetry with cisoid bridging acetate groups. The coordination about each osmium atom is roughly octahedral and the Os-Os distance is 2.731(2) A.
STUDIES ON A PARATYPHOID INFECTION IN GUINEA PIGS : V. THE INCIDENCE OF CARRIERS DURING THE ENDEMIC STAGE.

A group of 105 breeders and 36 unweaned guinea pigs was tested to determine the extent of specific fecal excretion and the proportion of serum reactors in a population naturally infected with two types of B. paratyphi. The second, more recent type of organism was isolated from the feces of 3 breeders and 3 young. No carriers of the first type were detected. 86 per cent of the breeders and 72 per cent of the unweaned guinea pigs agglutinated the second type of B. paratyphi in dilutions ranging from 1:10 through 1:640. 13 per cent of the breeders and 28 per cent of the unweaned young agglutinated the initial type. There was a cross or double agglutination in most instances. The serological findings roughly reflected the distribution of the two types as indicated by the mortality rate of the population at large. 50 breeders selected on the basis of agglutination and fecal examination and therefore supposedly free from infection were segregated and kept under close observation. Both types of B. paratyphi subsequently appeared in the group. During this time carriers were discovered by others in the Department among the stock guinea pigs used for other experiments in that cultures of the entire spleen were positive in perhaps 5 to 10 per cent of the guinea pigs so used.
Earnings, Effort, and Work Flexibility of Self-Employed Women and Men: The Case of St. Croix County, Wisconsin

Data collected on self-employed women and men in one county allow examination of work effort, housework effort, housework hours, and preference for flexible work on earnings. Regressions indicate housework effort of self-employed women contributes to their lower earnings. Housework hours do not supporting the view women select self-employment to find flexible work. Housework hours do reduce the earnings of self-employed men, which could reflect their stronger commitment to housework combined with less flexible work. A Oaxaca decomposition suggests less tenure and greater housework effort are important contributors to lower earnings of self-employed women. Ranges that measure earnings may contribute to the insignificance of work effort, normalized work effort, and preference for flexible work hours. (J16, J23)
What we know about Mars from its impact craters

Martian impact craters provide insights into formation ages of terrain units, nearsurface properties, and the planet’s degradational history. Crater size-frequency distribution analyses allow determination of terrain unit relative ages, and extrapolation of the lunar crater chronology can provide estimates of absolute ages for these units. Such analyses indicate that Mars has been geologically active throughout its history, but it also retains extensive regions dating back to ca. 4 Ga. Higher cratering rates during the Late Heavy Bombardment (LHB) helped to create the Martian regolith, and formation of large impact basins helped to erode the initially denser Martian atmosphere and may have created the hemispheric dichotomy. Low global degradation rates since the end of LHB (ca. 3.8 Ga) resulted in well-preserved impact crater morphologies. The presence of layered ejecta blankets and central pits associated with fresh to moderately eroded craters suggests a volatile-rich crust. Impact crater depth-diameter relationships allow estimation of the vertical extent of crustal volatiles to depths greater than those probed by current spacecraft instrumentation. Temporal changes in subsurface ice reservoir depths are revealed by differences in layered ejecta onset diameter as a function of crater age. An understanding of the morphology and morphometry of pristine impact craters facilitates efforts to determine the amount and types of degradation and the periods over which they operated. Impact craters therefore play a major role in unraveling the climatic and geologic history of Mars.
A Consideration of SLA as a Theory of Practice: A Response to Firth and Wagner

concerns and methodologies, they contend, has resulted in "distorted descriptions of and views on discourse, communication, and interpersonal meaning" (p. 288). I share many of the concerns they have raised in their paper, and although I have made similar arguments in some of my own work (see, e.g., Hall, 1993, 1995a), I have not done so with the same degree of attention to interactional detail. I appreciate their efforts, and in light of them have decided, rather than using the space I have been allotted here to respond to the various points they have made, to take up their call for a reconceptualization of the field. Thus, what I present here is a brief overview of an alternative approach to the study of SLA. My purpose for doing so is primarily exploratory: I aim to clear a pathway or two into other disciplines whose premises and empirical findings may help us in the SLA field to reconfigure theoretical and pedagogical concerns with language and language learning in ways that are responsive to the issues raised by F&W. I conclude the paper with a few suggestions for undertaking SLA research from this alternative perspective.
Acid phosphomonoesterase of human prostate. Phosphate transfer reactions and comparison with alkaline phosphatase.

Abstract The acid phosphomonoesterase I (orthophosphoric monoester phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.2) from the human prostate gland was isolated in pure form by an improved procedure. Reaction with [32P]orthophosphate at pH values from 3 to 9, followed by protein precipitation with HClO4, led to no incorporation of phosphate into this enzyme, nor did a substrate affect this. No inhibition by beryllium ion of the enzymic activity occurred, at pH 5 or 7. These two effects are in clear contrast to the behavior of alkaline phosphatase. The competitive transfer of phosphate from p- nitrophenyl phosphate to water or to ethanolamine, catalyzed by phosphatase, was measured. With Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase, the phosphate transferred exchanged to a significant extent with external [32P]orthophosphate, at pH 9. With the acid phosphatase no such exchange occurred, nor did that enzyme catalyze an exchange of orthophosphate with O- phosporylethanolamine when hydrolyzing the latter. the evidence indicates that if a phosphoyl-enzyme intermediate is involved at all in prostatic acid phosphatase catalysis, it is to quite a different type to that in the known alkaline phosphatases.
Multi-level adaptation in teams of unmanned air and ground vehicles

We describe ongoing work to develop algorithms and software for the reprogrammable, coordinated command and control of teams of autonomous vehicles (AVs). This new software capability extends current work in distributed artificial intelligence and is intended to allow developers to build and test AV teams that collaboratively perform tasks - such as reconnaissance and surveillance - with minimal supervision in dynamic, unstructured environments. We describe a multilevel robot architecture which is adaptive along a number of dimensions, as well as several new technologies that have been developed to support behavior blending and inter-robot negotiation. 1. INTRODUCTION Over the last few years, and under ONR funding, we have been developing algorithms and software for the reprogrammable, coordinated command and control of teams of autonomous vehicles (AVs). This new software capability extends work in distributed artificial intelligence and is intended to allow developers to build and test AV teams that collaboratively perform tasks - such as reconnaissance and surveillance - with minimal supervision in dynamic, unstructured environments. In this paper, we describe our progress in realizing this vision. As motivation, Figure 1 illustrates a futuristic scenario involving the suppression of enemy air defenses (SEAD) using a team of UAVs. The icons representing the surveillance mission, helicopter mission, cover mission, and strike mission are all assumed to represent unmanned combat air vehicles (UCAVs). Control centers are shown on land, air, and sea. The order of events is as follows. The two surveillance UCAVs are launched from the ship to the surface-to-air missile (SAM) site to collect intelligence for prestrike planning. Using the information obtained, the operator then schedules the cover and strike missions. Two escorts responsible for the cover mission are subsequently launched and meet with a pair of UCAVs responsible for the air strike. During ingress, this SEAD package encounters an enemy mobile SAM site that attempts to break up the package. The escorts prcvide cover so that the strike mission can proceed. At the same time, a helicopter UCAV is launched to conduct mine countermeasure operations.
Spectral Line-Diode Registry Effects with Photodiode Array Detectors

A limitation of photodiode array detectors for spectroscopic intensity measurements relates to the spacing of the diodes and the errors generated when a spectral line is not in exact registry with the diode or diodes from which its intensity is being measured. These misregistry intensity errors, which may be as high as 25 to 30%, are documented for a range of spectral bandwidths and for single diode (pixel) intensities and multiple diode summations of intensities.
Improving Customer Service and Profitability Through Customer Intervention in Service Relationships

ABSTRACT Relationship marketing has traditionally emphasized individual relationships with customers. However, some researchers have questioned if relationship marketing is the best strategy from the customer's perspective. At the same time, some research has questioned whether relationship marketing is the best strategy from the firm's perspective. In addition, some researchers have highlighted characteristics of conscious customer misbehavior that have serious consequences for firms. The focus of this paper is what the firm response should be regarding customers who do not contribute to relationships through their conscious and unconscious behaviors. Catering to customers who do not contribute to relationships increases a firm's financial, customer service, and employee costs. The paper suggests that firms should undertake customer intervention for customers who do not contribute to relationships and look at separating customer segments, increasing prices for certain customer activities, outsourcing cus...
The radiative lifetime of AlCl A 1Π

Abstract The radiative lifetime of the AlCl A 1 Π, v = 0 state has been determined by a laser-induced fluorescence method to be 6.4 × 10 −9 s. The estimated accuracy limits are ± 40%.
The interaction of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli with the trp operator.

We have examined the interaction of the trp repressor from Escherichia coli with a 20 base-pair synthetic operator. Nonspecific binding was relatively strong (Kd=2 μM), but only weakly sensitive to the concentration of added salt ((d log Kd)(d log [Na])= −1). 1H-NMR studies indicate that the structure of the repressor is not greatly altered on forming the complex, and that few if any of the lysine and arginine residues make direct contact with the DNA. However, the mobility of one of the two tyrosine residues is significantly decreased in the complex. The repressor makes close contact with the major grooves of the operator such that the base protons are broadened much more than expected on the basis of increased correlation time. There are large, differential changes in chemical shifts of the imino protons on forming the complex, as well as changes in the rate constants for exchange. The fraying of the ends is greatly diminished, consistent with a target size of about 20 base-pairs. The effects of the repressor on the NMR spectra and relaxation rate constants can be interpreted as a change in the conformation of the operator, possibly a kinking in the centre of the molecule.
Epidermal Growth Factor Regulates Topoisomerase II Activity and Drug Sensitivity in Human KB Cells

Abstract Because of its unique DNA-cleaving and strand-passing activities, topoisomerase II is involved in many aspects of DNA metabolism, including replication, transcription, recombination, and repair. The cytotoxic potential of topoisomerase II - targeted drugs, such as etoposide, is related to their ability to stabilize covalently linked enzyme-DNA complexes, which are intermediates in the enzyme's catalytic cycle. Epidermal growth factor receptor is expressed on the cell surface of the majority of squamous cell carcinomas, and epidermal growth factor binding is known to stimulate a number of cellular transduction pathways, including tyrosine kinase, protein kinase C, and phospholipase C. Because topoisomerase II is a proliferation-dependent protein and has been shown to be a high-affinity substrate for many of these cellular transduction pathways, the effects of epidermal growth factor on cellular regulation and sensitivity to etoposide were studied with the human oral cavity squamous cell line, KB. Topoisomerase II catalytic activity was rapidly and transiently inhibited after the addition of epidermal growth factor to the cellular growth media. Western blot on nuclear extracts did not demonstrate alterations in topoisomerase II polypeptide levels to account for changes in catalytic activity. Epidermal growth factor treatment also led to the formation of stabilized, covalently linked enzyme-DNA complexes. Furthermore, epidermal growth factor - induced, topoisomerase II - mediated DNA strand breaks were additive to those induced by etoposide. This study indicates that epidermal growth factor specifically regulates the catalytic and DNA-cleaving activities of topoisomerase II in KB cells. This may direct clinical strategies for circumventing the intrinsic cellular resistance to chemotherapy commonly observed in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1996;114:785-92.)
Cognitive Psychophysics and Mental Models

With the increased emphasis on incorporating users' mental models in design of interfaces comes an increased need for instruments for measuring mental models. Two frequently-used instruments for measuring people's mental representations of physical space are drawing a map and rating the distances between pairs of points in the space. The assumption underlying the present research was that mental representations of space (Mi) are transformed to become a subject's response (Ri), yielding the following functions: Rdrawi = frd(Mi) + ed (for drawing a map), Rratei = fr(Mi) + er (for making category ratings), and Rnavigatei = fn(Mi) + en (for navigating). If each of these functions were equivalent, then the correlations among the different measurement methods should be high. Subjects either drew maps in two sessions, provided category ratings of the distances between pairs of locations in two sessions, or drew maps in one session and rated distances in a second session. The correlations were significantly lower...
Cultural Preparation for Womanhood in Urban African American Girls: Growing Strong Women

Purpose: Poor sexual health is a significant contributor to morbidity in young African American women. Knowing how sexual knowledge is transmitted to Black girls is needed to develop effective prev...
On-line glucose analyzer for fermentation applications.

Research on the control of fermentation processes suffers from serious lack of on-line analyzers which can be used to describe the chemical environment in the fermentors. Following in the footsteps of the clinical chemists, many industrial chemists hae been adopting enzyme procedures for analysis. Among these procedures, enzyme electrodes represent the latest developments in analytical chemistry. These devices combine the selectivity and sensitivity of enzymatic methods of analysis with the speed and simplicity of electrode measurements. In our recent work on material balancing applied to fermentation processes, we have had the need to continuously monitor glucose concentrations in the fermentor. For this purpose, we designed and built an on-line glucose analyser which utilizes an enzyme elctrode. This instrument was evaluated in a yeast fermentation. (Refs. 3).
Temporal Bones of the Gekkota Support Molecular Relationships within the Pygopodoidea

Abstract Although molecular phylogenetic studies strongly support the monophyly of the Pygopodoidea, which comprise the gekkotan families Diplodactylidae, Carphodactylidae, and Pygopodidae, relationships among these constituent families are less robust. Morphological evidence for a particular three-taxon statement of pygopodoid relationships is hindered by the highly derived postcranial and trophic anatomy of limbless pygopodids relative to limbed gekkotans. We discuss variation in the temporal region of the gekkotan skull and identify a posteriorly dilated squamosal bone with a medially directed process, a character that is shared uniquely within Gekkota and more broadly within extant Squamata, by carphodactylids and pygopodids. The pygopodoid relationships (Diplodactylidae [Carphodactylidae, Pygopodidae]) implied by squamosal morphology are consistent with those receiving the greatest support from the most complete nuclear gene phylogenies.
Altered surface topology and membrane functions of rat thymocytes eluted from nylon woll columns

1. (1) Following incubation of thymocytes with nylon wool at 37 °C, the eluted cells showed an increase in the number of microvilli per cell and a concominant elongation of the microvilli (0.22 μm versus 1.15 μm). 2. (2) Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cylic AMP) levels were lowered by 30–50 % in nylon wool-treated thymocytes. 3. (3) Nylon wool-treated cells showed an impaired Na+-dependent amino acid transport system (2-aminoisebutyrate) whereas the Na+-independent amino acid transport system (1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylate) was unaffected.
Neutron powder diffraction study of the nuclear and magnetic structures of the oxygen-deficient Perovskite YBaCuCoO5

The nuclear and magnetic structures of the oxygen-deficient perovskite YBaCuCoO5 have been determined by neutron powder diffraction at room temperature. The nuclear structure has the symmetry of space group P 4/mmm and lattice parameters a = 3.8679(1), c = 7.5674(2) A. Copper and cobalt atoms are completely disordered in this compound and the oxygen vacancies are located on the layer of the yttrium atoms. As a consequence of this configuration, the Co/Cu atoms have fivefold, pyramidal coordination. The pyramids share corners in the (Co/Cu)O2 planes, as well as in the direction of the c axis, thus forming slices of two pyramids with opposite orientation separated by layers of yttrium atoms. The Ba atoms, on the other hand, have 12-fold coordination as in nondefective perovskites, and the Y atoms have eightfold prismatic coordination as in the superconductor YBa2Cu3O6+δ. The magnetic structure is based on a unit cell related to that of the nuclear structure by an axis transformation of matrix (1, -1, 0/1, 1, 0/0, 0, 2). The magnetic origin of the extra reflections observed experimentally was established by polarized neutron diffraction measurements. The reflection conditions of the magnetic intensities are consistent with a model in which magnetic moments of equal modulus have alternately ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic orientations along the c axis and antiferromagnetic ordering in the planes perpendicular to c. If we also assume that the magnetic structure has tetragonal symmetry, then the magnetic moments have to assume an orientation parallel to the c axis of the unit cell.
The Use of Ultrasound in Exiracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation Therapy

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is used to treat certain neonates with respiratory failure. Ultrasound is a useful tool in the ECMO therapy process. Diagnostic medical sonography is used to determine which patients would most benefit from this treatment, and for evaluation of the patient during ECMO therapy. This paper discusses what ECMO therapy is, which patients receive it, and some changes that may be observed sonographically in patients who undergo this treatment.
Properties of gypsum with the addition of gum arabic and calcium hydroxide

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of adding a mixture of gum arabic and calcium hydroxide to a type III stone and an improved die stone. The effect on the water/powder ratio, compressive and tensile strength, hardness, and setting expansion was determined. Data for mechanical properties were subjected to two-way analysis of variance, followed by the Bonferroni-Dunn procedure to determine any significance (1%) between pairs of means. For the type III material the additives had little effect on setting expansion, but the additives significantly improved surface hardness. The additives did not improve compressive or tensile strength for the type III materials. In contrast, the improved die stone's hardness was not enhanced by the additives, and in some instances a reduction in strength was observed. It was concluded that dental cast materials with superior surface properties can be produced by a simple change of formulation.
A cAMP analogue inhibits compound action potential production and phase shifts the circadian clock in the isolated eye of Aplysia californica.

Abstract 1. The effects of phosphodiesterase-resistant cyclic AMP analogues on the circadian rhythm of compound action potentials (CAPs) in the isolated eye of Aplysia californica were examined. 2. The cyclic AMP analogues 8-parachlorophenylthio-cAMP (8PCPT-cAMP) and 8-benzylthio-cAMP caused a reversible reduction in the production of CAPs measured in the optic nerve of an isolated eye kept in darkness at constant temperature. 8PCPT-cAMP completely suppressed CAP activity if applied for more than 1 hr. 3. When 8PCPT-cAMP was applied to an isolated eye for 12 hr during the rising phase of the circadian rhythm, the rhythm appeared to be phase delayed. There were no phase shifts for cAMP analogue pulses of less than 12 hr.
Physiologic alterations in ataxia: Channeling changes into novel therapies

The ataxias constitute a heterogeneous group of diseases in which cerebellar dysfunction typically underlies the major neurologic manifestations. It is increasingly clear that ataxia can result directly from mutations in ion channels or from perturbations in ion channel physiology in the absence of a primary channel defect. Neuronal dysfunction stemming from perturbed channel activity likely explains some motor deficits in episodic and degenerative ataxias. Understanding these pathophysiologic changes may reveal novel therapeutic targets for symptomatic treatment of ataxia.
Competitive complexation of metal ions with humic substances

The surface complexation model was applied to simulate the competitive complexation of Ni, Ca and Al with humic substances. The presence of two types of binding sites in humic acid, carboxylic and phenolic functional groups, were assumed at both low and high pH conditions. Potentiometric titrations were used to characterize the intrinsic acidity constants of the two binding sites and their concentrations. It was found that the diffuse-layer model (DLM) could fit the experimental data well under different experimental conditions. Ni and Ca ions strongly compete with each other for reactions with the humic acid but Al showed little influence on the complexation of either Ni or Ca due to its hydrolysis and precipitation at pH ∼5. The surface complexation constants determined from the mono-element systems were compared with those obtained from the multiple-element system (a mixture of the three metal ions). Results indicate little changes in the intrinsic surface complexation constants. Modeling results also indicate that high concentrations of Ca in the contaminated groundwater could strongly inhibit the complexation of Ni ions whereas an increase in pH and the humic concentration could attenuate such competitive interactions. The present study suggests that the surface complexation model could be useful in predicting interactions of the metal ions with humic substances and potentially aid in the design of remediation strategies for metal-contaminated soil and groundwater.
Responses of microbial components of the rhizosphere to plant management strategies in a semiarid rangeland

Rhizosphere microbial responses to herbage removal and irrigation were assessed in a semi-arid rangeland by determining phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity, ATP, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA)-stained and total hyphal lengths. In four sequential one-week experiments (15 sample dates), irrigation resulted in significant decreases in dehydrogenase activity on 53% of the sample dates, while with herbage removal such decreases were only observed on only 7% of the sample dates. The combined treatment (herbage removal and irrigation) gave intermediate responses, with dehydrogenase decreasing on 33% of the dates, which indicated that herbage removal mitigated the reduction of rhizosphere microbial activiy caused by irrigation. In contrast to these decreases, total hyphal lengths increased on 47 and 33% of the dates in the combined and irrigated treatments, respectively. However, in both treatments active hyphae decreased on 47% of the dates. Comparison of dehydrogenase activity with hyphal length responses suggested that overall microbial activity, as opposed to the fungal component, was preferentially stimulated by herbage removal, while irrigation caused a decrease in both microbial activity and degradation of fungal hyphae. Increases in dehydrogenase activity were observed within 24 hr of herbage removal in 3 of 4 weeks. An increase in dehydrogenase activity was also observed upon initiation of irrigation, but dehydrogenase activity decreased with continued irrigation. These results indicated that manipulation of range plants by herbage removal and irrigation would lead to distinct changes in fungal populations and microbial activities in the rhizosphere. The relationship between plant management and rhizosphere microbial responses can be studied under field conditions to provide better understanding of plant-soil interactions with the ultimate goal of improving productivity of semiarid ecosystems.
Phosphorylation of the Adeno-Associated Virus Replication Proteins

Abstract The adeno-associated virus (AAV) replication proteins Rep78 and Rep68 regulate viral gene expression and DNA amplification. Their effects on both processes suggest that they play roles in all phases of the virus life cycle. We have investigated Rep protein phosphorylation to determine if this modification might alter Rep function. All four Rep proteins were found to be phosphorylated in AAV and adenovirus co-infected cell cultures, and Rep proteins contained phospho-serine whereas no phospho-threonine or -tyrosine was detected. We also observed that when viral DNA synthesis was inhibited, there was a significant decrease in the level of Rep78/68 phosphorylation. Our results suggest a plausible mechanism whereby AAV Rep78/68 function may be regulated by phosphorylation.
Ozone loss in the Arctic polar vortex inferred from high-altitude aircraft measurements

The Arctic polar vortex in winter is known to be chemically primed for ozone depletion, yet it does not exhibit the large seasonal ozone decrease that characterizes its southern counterpart. This difference may be due in part to a net flux of ozone-rich air through the Arctic vortex, which can mask ozone loss. But by using a chemically conserved tracer as a reference, significant ozone loss can be identified. This loss is found to be correlated with high levels of chlorine monoxide, suggesting that much of the decrease in ozone is caused by anthropogenic emissions of chlorofluorocarbons.
Pollution control revenue bond sales and public utility share prices

Abstract This article examines the effect of pollution control revenue bond offerings on public utility common stock prices. These securities provide a unique case in which public utilities were permitted to issue a limited quantity of debt offerings investors an income stream exempt from federal taxes with the proceeds from the issue targeted for a specific capital investment. Significant negative stock price effects are reported around the announcement of these securities. However, the stock price response to pollution control revenue bond sales is more favorable than that reported in earlier studies for straight debt offerings used to finance a utility's investment program.
Sexual Intimacy in Dating Relationships

The patterning of sexual interaction in male-female dyads and the links between sexual behavior and emotional intimacy were investigated as part of a two-year study of college dating couples. Despite generally permissive and egalitarian attitudes, traditional sexual role playing in which the man encourages intercourse and the woman limits the couple's sexual intimacy was common. Three types of couples were compared: sexual traditionalists who abstained from coitus, sexual moderates who had coitus only after emotional intimacy was established, and sexual liberals who had coitus prior to developing emotional intimacy. Findings are discussed in terms of the psychological meaning of sexual behavior for young adults.
Does neonatal gonadectomy affect the sexual differentiation of quail

Abstract This experiment was designed to determine the contribution, if any, of posthatching gonadal hormones to sexual differentiation of behavior in Japanese quail ( Coturnix coturnix japonica ). Males and females were gonadectomized or shamoperated (controls) prior to age 7 days posthatching. At age 4–9 weeks controls were gonadectomized. All birds were then given 2 weeks of testosterone propionate injections and tested for sexual behavior with female partners. Neonatally gonadectomized females exhibited more male-typical copulatory behavior than control females, but this effect was not statistically significant. Neonatal gonadectomy had no effect on males, and neonatally gonadectomized males exhibited significantly more male-typical copulatory behavior than neonatally gonadectomized females. Although the process of sexual differentiation may extend to a minor degree into the posthatching period in females, nonetheless it is largely complete at hatching in this species.
Role of Gibberellins in the Environmental Control of Stem Growth in Thlaspi arvense L.

Field pennycress ( Thlaspi arvense L.) is a winter annual that requires a cold treatment for the induction of stem elongation. An inbred line was selected in which no stem elongation was observed in plants grown for 6 months at 21°C regardless of the prevailing photoperiod. Increased exposure time of plants grown initially at 21°C to cold (2°C) induced a greater rate of stem elongation when the plants were returned to 21°C. Moreover, longer cold treatments resulted in a greater maximum stem height and reduced the lag period for the onset of measurable internode elongation. The optimal temperature range for thermoinduced stem growth was broad: rates of stem growth in plants maintained for 4 weeks at either 2° or 10°C were virtually identical. However, a 4-week thermoinductive treatment at 15°C resulted in a greater lag period for the initiation of stem elongation and a decreased growth rate. The rate of cold-induced stem elongation was greater in plants subjected to long days than for plants subjected to short days following the cold treatment. Thus, photoperiod does not control the induction of stem elongation, but does regulate stem elongation in progress. Exogenous gibberellin A 3 (GA 3 ) was able to substitute for the cold requirement, but elicited a greater response in plants maintained under long days than short days. This indicates that photoperiod influences the plant9s sensitivity to GAs. The GA biosynthesis inhibitor, 2-chloroethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, inhibited low temperature-induced stem elongation, and this inhibition was completely reversed by exogenous GA 3 . These results suggest that cold-induced stem elongation in field pennycress is mediated by some change in the endogenous GA status.
Ensembles of Correlation Filters for Object Detection

Traditional correlation filters for object detection are efficient and provide good localization, but require scalar valued image features and only perform well on objects with consistent appearance. Some newer filters work with feature spaces that introduce some invariance to small deformations, but more difficult detection problems require more than one filter. We introduce a method for jointly learning an ensemble of correlation filters that collectively capture as much variation in object appearance as possible. During training our filters adapt to the needs of the training data with no restrictions on size or scope. We demonstrate performance that exceeds the state of the art in several challenging experiments.
Unique Brain Anomalies in an Infant of a Diabetic Mother

. An offspring of a class F diabetic primigravida with marginal control during the first 8 weeks of the gestation had a level II sonogram at 23 weeks. It showed polyhydramnios and “hydrocephaly”. Macrosomia, right hydroureter, megacystis and premature birth corroborated the diagnostic impression of diabetic embryopathy. At age 3 years, the child functions within the moderate range of mental retardation. Angiography, choanogram, CT and MRI scans showed unique CNS abnormalities that appeared secondary to a hamartomatous growth within the left cerebral hemisphere. Such anomaly, most likely a part of the phenotype of the diabetic embryopathy, implies a growth disturbance secondary to dysregulated paracrine growth factors (somatomedins, nerve growth factor, panregulin and/or their receptors in this case). It also indicates a possibility of interaction between two dysregulated major growth mechanisms; the endocrine in the mother considered responsible for the overall phenotype of the diabetic embryopathy/fetopathy and the paracrine fine tuning mechanism in the embryo incriminated by the hamartomatous ove/undergrowth.
Adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate phosphodiesterase in guinea-pig lung--properties and effect of adrenergic drugs.

Abstract The hydrolysis of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) by adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate phosphodiesterase (PDE) was studied in whole homogenates and cell fractions of guinea-pig lung. Approximately 60 per cent of the activity of the whole homogenate was contained in the 10,000 g supernatant. This cell fraction contained PDE with two separate affinities for cAMP: PDE I with low affinity. K m ≅ 3.1 × 10 −4 M; V max ≅ 90 nmoles cAMP hydrolyzed/mg protein/20 min and PDE II with high affinity K m ≅ 5.7 × 10 −5 M; V max ≅ 35 nmoles cAMP hydrolyzed/mg protein/20 min. Both forms required magnesium which could be replaced by manganese and cobalt but not by copper. Aminophylline and theophylline inhibited both PDE forms. Calcium only inhibited PDE I but not PDE II. Adrenergic drugs inhibited PDE I and at 0.1 mM decreased in potency in the following order: isoproterenol  epinephrine > norepinephrine > methoxamine. Butoxamine was ineffective on PDE I. Only norepinephrine inhibited PDE II but not to the same extent as its effect on PDE I. Chelation of added magnesium and endogenous calcium was not responsible for the inhibition of PDE I by the adrenergic drugs used. Propranolol (0.1 mM) and phentolamine (0.05 to 0.001 mM) alone did not effect PDE I. Propranolol (0.1 mM) failed to reverse the inhibitory effect of isoproterenol (0.1 mM) and epinephrine (0.1 mM). Thus a β-adrenergic mechanism could not explain the inhibitory effect of these agents. Phentolamine (0.05 to 0.001 mM) reversed the inhibition by epinephrine bitartrate but not by epinephrine hydrochloride. These data are inconclusive to support an α-adrenergic mechanism for the inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase by epinephrine.