cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperthermic stress-induced increase in the expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione levels in the symbiotic sea anemone Aiptasia pallida

Hyperthermic stress is known to trigger the loss of unicellular algae from a number of symbiotic cnidarians, a phenomenon commonly referred to as bleaching. Oxidative and nitrosative stress have been suggested to play a major role during the process of bleaching, however the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In animals, the intracellular tripeptide glutathione (GSH) is involved in antioxidant defense, redox homeostasis and intracellular redox signaling. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that hyperthermal stress-induced bleaching in Aiptasia pallida, a model for symbiotic cnidarians, results in increased levels of GSH synthesis. We report the cDNA sequence and functional analysis of the catalytic subunit of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLC), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in GSH biosynthesis. In a time-series experiment, both GCLC gene expression and total GSH levels increased 4- and 1.5-fold, respectively, in response to hyperthermal stress. These results suggest that hyperthermal stress triggers adaptive increases in intracellular GSH biosynthesis in cnidarians as a protective response to oxidative/ nitrosative stress. Our results show the conserved function of GCLC and GSH across animals while placing a new perspective on the role of GSH in redox signaling during cnidarian bleaching.
Anhydrite-bearing andesite and dacite as a source for sulfur in magmatic-hydrothermal mineral deposits

Magmaticanhydritefromandesitesanddacitesoccursasinclusionsinhigh-andlow-aluminum amphibole and pyroxene and indicates that sulfate-saturated magmas spanned a period of six million years at Yanacocha, Peru. Magmatic anhydrite from Yanacocha and other sites is characterized by light rare earth element–enriched patterns and elevated strontium contents distinct from magmatic-hydrothermal anhydrite. Petrologic arguments suggest that the hydrous and oxidized Yanacocha magmas contained more than ~1000 ppm sulfur both dissolved in the melt and as a separate sulfate phase, which is sufficient to provide all the sulfur for the genetically related giant sulfur-rich Yanacocha epithermal gold deposits. High-aluminum amphiboles contain unusual anhydrite with wormy and amoeboidal textures, which are tentatively interpreted to represent trapping of an immiscible CaSO4-water melt together with sulfur-rich apatite at a temperature of ~950 °C and a water pressure >3 kbar. Such unusually sulfate-rich magmas may be required to produce sulfur-rich magmatic-hydrothermal mineral deposits.
Simulation-based control for green transportation with high delivery service

Shipping operations are facing increasing pressures for tighter delivery service levels and green transportation, which conflict with each other and requires trade-off between fuel consumption and delivery service. Furthermore, responsiveness to customer demand requires rapid generation of good quality solutions. This paper presents a simulation-based feedback control algorithm for real-time vehicle route planning which considers delivery timeliness and fuel efficiency. The proposed control theoretic algorithm uses feedback from simulation to adjust the planned routes for timeliness and adaptively adjust the vehicle speed within an allowable range to improve fuel efficiency. The formulation results in a multi-variable continuous variable control system with non-linear dynamics. The control algorithm extends prior work in distributed arrival time control, which is used as a basis to derive analytical insights into this computational intractable optimization problem. Performance of the algorithm is evaluated using a simulation model of an industrial distribution center.
Physical Illness and Drugs of Abuse: A Review of the Evidence

Although it is well known that persons with addictions to illicit substances often develop a variety of mental health and physical health conditions, the epidemiological associations between physical illness and addiction to illicit substances are poorly understood. This book comprehensively surveys recent literature to critically review the relationships between physical illness and drugs of abuse, describing the association between each of the principal classes of illicit drugs (cocaine, marijuana, opioids, and common hallucinogens and stimulants) and the major categories of physical illness. Clear summary tables accompany detailed discussions, providing the reader with a quick reference guide. Physical Illness and Drugs of Abuse will be essential reading for all health professionals, students, practising clinicians and policy makers with interests in mental health, public health and epidemiology.
Racial differences in psychiatric symptom patterns and service use in VA primary care clinics.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to assess racial differences in psychopathology and service use in a sample of African-American and Caucasian veterans. METHODS: African-American (N=253) and Caucasian (N=460) veterans from primary care clinics at four Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers were compared on rates of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), other psychiatric diagnoses, functional status, and use of VA services and benefits. A cross-sectional, epidemiologic design incorporating self-report measures, structured interviews, and chart reviews was used. RESULTS: With the exception of substance abuse or dependence diagnoses and use of substance abuse treatment and urgent care services, few racial differences emerged. CONCLUSION: Overall, the findings suggest that African-American and Caucasian veterans, including those with PTSD, do not differ significantly in psychopathology or in their use of VA benefits and services.
A wet plasma scrubber for use in industrial pollution control

Summary form only given, as follows. Non-thermal plasma in atmospheric pressure air is a clean source of reactive radicals that can be used for pollution control. The atmospheric pressure plasma is generated in a medium containing dielectric beads, water and gas. The discharge behaves like a partial discharge in voids. The configuration is a cross flow reactor with the water coming down and the gas moving up. It consists of a glass dielectric with the inside filled with glass pellets. The inner electrode is a stainless steel rod and the outer electrode is a conducting film on the outer surface of the dielectric. The plasma is created in the gas, liquid and solid mixture between the beads. This produces a heterogeneous medium and enhances the removal rate considerably. We have studied the removal of SO/sub 2/ from flue gas and water purification using this reactor. Results of removal of trace quantities of phenol in water are discussed. The removal efficiency of SO/sub 2/ was studied under various conditions. It was found to work better compared to dry plasma techniques. The addition of water in the reactor causes enhanced production of OH radicals, which improves the removal efficiency. In addition, the water removes H/sub 2/SO/sub 4/ from the discharge and prevents regeneration of SO/sub 2/. The exit water was found to have a pH of 2.2. Removal studies were done for no water flow and with different water flows through the reactor. With the plasma turned on, the removal efficiency falls from 84% to 40% when water flow is stopped. Results of other scaling parameters such as reactor length, gas flow, and power frequency are presented.
Clinical Pharmacology of Encapsulated Sustained-Release Cytarabine:

BACKGROUND:The therapeutic effectiveness of chemotherapy is often limited by the inability to sustain cytotoxic concentrations at the tumor site. Cytarabine liposome injection (DepoCyt), a sterile, injectable suspension of the antimetabolite cytarabine, encapsulated into multivesicular, lipid-based particles, has been developed to improve the treatment of neoplastic meningitis (NM) through sustained release of cytarabine.OBJECTIVE:To review the pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of intrathecal DepoCyt for the treatment of NM secondary to lymphoma or solid tumors.RESULTS:In preclinical and clinical studies, DepoCyt markedly extended the duration of tumor exposure to cytotoxic concentrations of cytarabine compared with administration of unbound cytarabine. Data from recent clinical studies demonstrate that DepoCyt improves complete response rates among patients with NM secondary to lymphoma. Trends in time to neurologic progression and median survival also favored DepoCyt over unbound cytarabine in thes...
Policy 465: Latest Struggle in the "Revolt of the Engineers"

AbstractA clashing of views has emerged in the engineering community over Policy 465 and the call for a master’s degree or equivalent as a pre-requisite for professional licensure. This conflict over Policy 465 echoes much of the divisive rhetoric that characterized what Edwin Layton has termed the “revolt of the engineers” in the Progressive Era of the United States in the early part of the 20th century. During this time period, reform-minded engineers attempted to strengthen the professional stature of engineering through licensing initiatives and other reforms. Both then and now, the debates are characterized by diverging opinions about how changes in licensing may affect the competency of engineers, the cost of engineering work, and the public image of engineering. Furthermore, both those in favor of Policy 465 and reformers in the Progressive Era invoke a new higher purpose, or “transcendent value” for the profession to garner support for their movements. Ultimately, these debates underscore the inhe...
FORMATION OF A HEMOLYTICALLY ACTIVE CELLULAR INTERMEDIATE BY THE INTERACTION BETWEEN PROPERDIN FACTORS B AND D AND THE ACTIVATED THIRD COMPONENT OF COMPLEMENT

The present studies demonstrate that the factor B-dependent C3 convertase can be affixed to an erythrocyte by use of an intermediate bearing C3b and that this convertase brings the hemolytic reaction to completion with an efficiency comparable to that of classical convertase. The evidence that the EAC43 intermediate was lysed by a new pathway includes requirements for factors B and D and cell-bound C3b for subsequent lysis by the terminal components, C3-C9. The linear stoichiometry of the effective molecule titrations of C3b and factor B, and the first-order kinetics displayed by the generation and decay of the factor B-dependent hemolytic site are characteristics consistent with the one-hit theory as initially developed for the classical complement system. The use of hemolytically active cellular intermediates to examine the reactions occurring with C3b and factors B and D has allowed extension of the one-hit theory to this molecular sequence, development of effective molecule titrations, recognition of the analogies to the functional characteristics of the classical C3 convertase, and discrimination of the probable mechanism of terminal complement activation from reactive lysis.
Ocular dominance columns and their development in layer IV of the cat's visual cortex: a quantitative study.

The distribution of geniculocortical afferents serving the left and right eyes was studied in abult cats and in kittens of various ages. Methods used were autoradiography of transneuronally transported 3H-proline injected into one eye, and physiological recordings. In the adult cat, patches of label in layer IV corresponding to ocular dominance columns were seen both ipsilateral and contralateral to the injected eye. Between the patches, however, grain density was substantially above background, especially on the contralateral side. Similarly, in the contralateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) there was substantial labelling of neuronal cell bodies in lamina A1, which receives no innervation from the injected eye. Such spillover of radioactivity into the inappropriate laminae of the LGN was measured in autoradiographs of semithin sections, and its effect on the cortical labelling pattern calculated. Spillover appeared to account quantitatively for the labelling seen between patches in the cortex. It was concluded that the geniculocortical afferents for the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes are equally and almost completely segregated from each other at the centers of columns, although there is extensive overlap at the borders. This pattern is consistent with the physiological pattern of ocular dominance in layer IV. In kittens studied at one to two weeks of age, radioactive label formed a continuous band in layer IV on both sides of the brain. On the ipsilateral side, this appearance could not be accounted for by spillover in the LGN, but reflected a continuous, non-columnar distribution of afferents. Physiological recordings at this age showed most cells in layer IV to be nearly equally responsive to stimulation of either eye, in contrast to the adult pattern. Periodic variations in grain density were first noted at three weeks, and a pattern similar to that of the adult was reached by about six weeks of age. On the contralateral side the uniform labelling pattern seen in the 1- to 2-week-old kittens was uninterpretable, owing to the very great spillover of radioactivity in the contralateral LGN, but the physiology suggested that the contralateral afferents, too, were uniformly distributed in layer IV. The results suggest that the earliest functional connections formed by geniculocortical afferents have a uniform, non-columnar arrangement in layer IV, and that the formation of the adult pattern is likely to involve the breakage and reformation of synaptic connections. This process appears to be similar to that described for the monkey (Hubel et al., '77; Rakic, '76), except that the beginning of segregation is postponed until postnatal life.
A recurring syndrome of accelerated plastid genome evolution in the angiosperm tribe Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae)

Abstract In flowering plants, plastid genomes are generally conserved, exhibiting slower rates of sequence evolution than the nucleus and little or no change in structural organization. However, accelerated plastid genome evolution has occurred in scattered angiosperm lineages. For example, some species within the genus Silene have experienced a suite of recent changes to their plastid genomes, including inversions, shifts in inverted repeat boundaries, large indels, intron losses, and rapid rates of amino acid sequence evolution in a subset of protein genes, with the most extreme divergence occurring in the protease gene clpP . To investigate the relationship between the rates of sequence and structural evolution, we sequenced complete plastid genomes from three species ( Silene conoidea , S. paradoxa , and Lychnis chalcedonica ), representing independent lineages within the tribe Sileneae that were previously shown to have accelerated rates of clpP evolution. We found a high degree of parallel evolution. Elevated rates of amino acid substitution have occurred repeatedly in the same subset of plastid genes and have been accompanied by a recurring pattern of structural change, including cases of identical inversions and intron loss. This “syndrome” of changes was not observed in the closely related outgroup Agrostemma githago or in the more slowly evolving Silene species that were sequenced previously. Although no single mechanism has yet been identified to explain the correlated suite of changes in plastid genome sequence and structure that has occurred repeatedly in angiosperm evolution, we discuss a possible mixture of adaptive and non-adaptive forces that may be responsible.
Coupling mode-destination accessibility with seismic risk assessment to identify at-risk communities

In this paper, we develop a framework for coupling mode-destination accessibility with quantitative seismic risk assessment to identify communities at high risk for travel disruptions after an earthquake. Mode-destination accessibility measures the ability of people to reach destinations they desire. We use a probabilistic seismic risk assessment procedure, including a stochastic set of earthquake events, ground-motion intensity maps, damage maps, and realizations of traffic and accessibility impacts. For a case study of the San Francisco Bay Area, we couple our seismic risk framework with a practical activity-based traffic model. As a result, we quantify accessibility risk probabilistically by community and household type. We find that accessibility varies more strongly as a function of travelers׳ geographic location than as a function of their income class, and we identify particularly at-risk communities. We also observe that communities more conducive to local trips by foot or bike are predicted to be less impacted by losses in accessibility. This work shows the potential to link quantitative risk assessment methodologies with high-resolution travel models used by transportation planners. Quantitative risk metrics of this type should have great utility for planners working to reduce risk to a region׳s infrastructure systems.
Physical activity as a metabolic stressor

Both physical activity and diet stimulate processes that, over time, alter the morphologic composition and biochemical function of the body. Physical activity provides stimuli that promote very specific and varied adaptations according to the type, intensity, and duration of exercise performed. There is further interest in the extent to which diet or supplementation can enhance the positive stimuli. Prolonged walking at low intensity presents little metabolic, hormonal, or cardiovascular stress, and the greatest perturbation from rest appears to be from increased fat oxidation and plasma free fatty acid mobilization resulting from a combination of increased lipolysis and decreased reesterification. More intense jogging or running largely stimulates increased oxidation of glycogen and triacylglycerol, both of which are stored directly within the muscle fibers. Furthermore, these intramuscular stores of carbohydrate and fat appear to be the primary substrates for the enhanced oxidative and performance ability derived from endurance training-induced increases in muscle mitochondrial density. Weightlifting that produces fatigue in brief periods (ie, in 15-90 s and after 15 repetitive contractions) elicits a high degree of motor unit recruitment and muscle fiber stimulation. This is a remarkably potent stimulus for altering protein synthesis in muscle and increasing neuromuscular function. The metabolic stress of physical activity can be measured by substrate turnover and depletion, cardiovascular response, hormonal perturbation, accumulation of metabolites, or even the extent to which the synthesis and degradation of specific proteins are altered, either acutely or by chronic exercise training.
The source of microbial C has little impact on soil organic matter stabilisation in forest ecosystems

The source of microbial C is thought to impact its stability in soil due to variations in cellular biochemistry. It has been hypothesised that a fungal-dominated community stabilises more C than a bacterial-dominated community, in part due to chemical recalcitrance of their non-living biomass, particularly cell wall components and pigments. We compared the turnover of 13C-labelled (99.9 atom %) temperate and tropical microbial isolates [i.e. fungi, Gram-positive bacteria (including actinobacteria) and Gram-negative bacteria] in temperate (California) and tropical (Puerto Rico) forest soils. While significant differences in 13C recovery and mean residence times occurred among some microbial additions, similar turnover rates were observed, and in general, results do not support the view that microbial biochemistry affects soil C maintenance. Different effects by microbial necromass additions in California and Puerto Rico suggest that ecosystem-specific effects may be as important to microbial C stabilisation as its macromolecular composition and recalcitrance.
Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Carboplatin in the Management of Ovarian Cancer

In the early 1980’s, investigators at a number of institutions began to explore the intraperitoneal administration of cisplatin as therapy of ovarian cancer. Several factors provide strong support for these initial and subsequent clinical trials, including: 1. Ovarian cancer is a malignancy which tends to remain localized to the peritoneal cavity for most of its natural history (1,2). 2. Pharmacokinetic modeling studies have suggested that following intraperitoneal drug delivery it is possible to expose tumor within the cavity to significantly higher drug concentrations than possible following systemic administration (3). 3. Cisplatin is the single most active antineoplastic agent in the management of ovarian cancer (4). 4. Experimental data and retrospective evaluation of clinical trials have suggested that there is a relatively steep dose response curve for cisplatin against ovarian cancer (5,6). In addition, pre-clinical evaluation has demonstrated that resistance to cisplatin is often only “relative” with 2–4 fold increases in drug concentrations being capable of overcoming resistance in in vitro systems (7,8). 5. Unfortunately, the dose of cisplatin which can be administered systemically is limited by both the nephrotoxic and, most importantly, neurotoxic effects of the agent (9). Phase 1 trials of intraperitoneal cisplatin in ovarian cancer
Communicating Communications Policy

One challenge in the field of communication and information policy is situating the discussion such that all interested parties are able to contribute and so that parties affected by the policy are made aware. Perhaps more so in this area than any other, participants run the gamut, from scientists with highly specialized technical knowledge; to well-versed, but not scientifically trained, members of government or industry; to academics immersed in the legal or policy issues but with little understanding of the underlying technologies; to the general public that feels the results of the policy making. Every one of these members may have value to add to the discussion, but there is a challenge in creating an adequate discourse community. And regardless of who participates in policy making, a resulting course of action may need to be communicated to all who are regulated, regardless of their interest or level of understanding. My research in this area involves applying concepts from the science of science communication to areas of intersect between law, science, and language. My particular focus is how rhetorical devices can be used in legal and policy fora to explain scientific and technical concepts to non-scientist policy makers and others, regardless of how steeped in the subject matter they may be. Explaining terms of art to ensure all discussion participants are on the same page, particularly the terms of relevant science and technology, is difficult, especially in conjunction with the overlay of political and legal jargon that accompanies policy. Successful explanation is more than simply the choice of words used (which is of course important) but also the use of rhetoric in providing the account – narrative, metaphor, metonymy, personification, and so on. As all the participants have varied backgrounds, and perhaps more importantly, different interests in and agendas regarding the subject, the effective use of rhetorical devices is more challenging. However, the policy making process, as well as the act of making the public aware of the policy, is enriched by focusing creating a reasonably uniform understanding. The project is significant because little work has been done in the field at the intersection of policy, law, language, and science – the precise location of communication and information policy. Articles that purport to discuss rhetorical devices in the law generally use the tool as a vehicle for explaining the law itself, rather than how technical information is conveyed to a participant in policy making. Articles directed towards explaining science to laypersons generally do not have a policy or legal overlay, allowing for a simplification of the science that would not be effective in the policy making arena. More and more often, communication and information policy will need to involve an understanding of the science to promote discourse; the parties at the table need to have an understanding to make it work.
A generalized approach to parameterizing convection combining ensemble and data assimilation techniques

[1] A new convective parameterization is introduced that can make use of a large variety of assumptions previously introduced in earlier formulations. The assumptions are chosen so that they will generate a large spread in the solution. We then show two methods in which ensemble and data assimilation techniques may be used to find the best value to feed back to the larger scale model. First, we can use simple statistical methods to find the most probable solution. Second, the ensemble probability density function can be considered as an appropriate “prior” (a'priori density) for Bayesian data assimilation. Using this “prior”, and information about observation likelihood, measured meteorological or climatological data can be directly assimilated into model fields. Given proper observations, the application of this technique is not restricted to convective parameterizations, but may be applied to other parameterizations as well.
Voting behavior is reflected in amygdala response across cultures

Voting to determine one's leaders is among the most important decisions we make, yet little is known about the brain's role in how we come to these decisions. Behavioral studies have indicated that snap judgments of political candidates' faces can predict election outcomes but that the traits that lead to these judgments differ across cultures. Here we sought to investigate the neural basis for these judgments. American and Japanese natives performed simulated voting judgments of actual American and Japanese political candidates while neural activity was measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Candidates for whom participants chose to vote elicited stronger responses in the bilateral amygdala than candidates for whom participants chose not to vote. This was true regardless of either the participant's culture or the target's culture, suggesting that these voting decisions provoked the same neural response cross-culturally. In addition, we observed a participant culture by target culture interaction in the bilateral amygdala. American and Japanese participants both showed a stronger response to cultural outgroup faces than they did to cultural in group faces, however this was unrelated to their voting decisions. These data provide insight to the mechanisms that underlie our snap judgments of others when making voting decisions and provide a neural correlate to cross-cultural consensus in social inferences.
Incivility in Lawyers’ Writing: Judicial Handling of Rambo Run Amok

This article discusses the perceived civility crisis in the legal profession and examines a prominent suggestion for addressing it: that courts should take an active role in promoting civility. To raise awareness of the problem and the courts’ role in dealing with it, the article discusses judicial handling of incivility in lawyers’ writing. Among the cases discussed are one where a lawyer called bar attorneys “vultures” who “should rot in hell;” another where a lawyer wrote that a board’s statements were like “the grunts and groans of apes”; and another where a lawyer wrote that a child was “akin to broccoli.” These cases engage readers’ attention while raising awareness about incivility and the role of the courts in handling it.
An Ēthos Against Scarcity: Sketching an Ethic of Care and Dike for Late Modernity

The “ethotic turn” in contemporary political thought is yet to theorize the sort of ēthos which is pertinent to the challenge of natural resources scarcity. This essay seeks to address this gap and has therefore two aims: first, tο offer an understanding of ēthos as mode of dwelling on the world; second, to sketch a particular appearance of this dwelling, one that invokes care for human affairs, but also the disposition to pursue justice, which is here affirmed as dike. An ethic that is informed by these two elements, care and dike, disposes us to address contemporary problems such as natural resources scarcity by urging us to think of the current state of affairs not in order to manage it, but to re-arrange it towards a more just direction. Heidegger's ontological scrutiny into “original ethics” proves pertinent to the task undertaken in the essay. We are human,“dwellers,” because we care to achieve a more just, that is less hubristic, rearrangement of the “scheme of things.”
Continuous Time Markov Chains

WE TURN now to the continuous time version of the Markov property. Some of the simplicity of Chapter 2 is retained, because we assume the state space S is discrete. Usually we can suppose that S = {0, 1, … }. The succession of states visited still follows a discrete parameter Markov chain but now the flow of time is perturbed by exponentially distributed holding times in each state. An easy generalization of the dissection argument of Chapter 2 shows that the process regenerates at return times to a fixed reference state, so renewal theory and regenerative processes are useful.
Toward a Philosophy of Physical Education

(1939). Toward a Philosophy of Physical Education. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 4, pp. 216-259.
Four Point Bending of Thin Unidirectional Composite Laminas

A large deformation four point bending fixture was used to test thin unidirectional composite plates under large flexural strains. The tests allowed investigation of the large strain elastic constitutive behavior of intermediate modulus (IM7 and IM10) and high modulus (M55J) carbon fibers and structural fiberglass (S2). Thermoset plastic coupons reinforced with these fibers and ranging in thicknesses from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm were tested. A nonlinear empirical constitutive model was used to represent fiber axial tensile and compressive behavior and through a structural model, predict coupon nonlinear flexural response and estimate constitutive model parameters. Intermediate modulus carbon fibers were found to be significantly nonlinear while glass fibers where essentially linear. High modulus carbon fibers exhibited a more complex flexural response with stiffness initially slightly increasing followed by a moderate reduction in stiffness and finally, a sharp reduction in stiffness and failure.
Design of Turbo Machine Set for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Plant and its Shop-Testing Under Full-Load Conditions

In fluid catalytic cracking plants, heavy hydrocarbons are converted into low-boiling point products. The highly developed technology of this process makes it particularly suitable for the handling of heavy fractions and thus for energy economy in the future. Starting from a concise description of the energy recovery system, this paper details the design features of a turbo machine set for an FCC plant, with the emphasis on the design of the 4-stage 12,000 kW process gas expander. Since this expander incorporates new design features, an extensive test programme was carried out at a heavy turbomachinery test facility, where, in addition to testing the individual machine units under full-load conditions, a string test of the complete turbo machine set was performed under hot-gas conditions.© 1981 ASME
Host Records of Parasitic Staphylinids of the Genus Aleochara in America (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)

The larval stages of all species of Aleochara in which life histories have been investigated are ectoparasites on the pupae of Diptera within the puparium. The adults are active predators of dipteran eggs and larvae, often destroying enormous numbers. This fact has been demonstrated conclusively with Aleochara bilineata , a parasite of the cabbage maggot, Hylemya brassicae (Wadsaworth 1915, Colhoun 1953). Other species of Aleochara have not been so extensively investigated, but some host records are known. A table of these is given in which new host records are reported.
Synthesis and thermal stability of Pt3Si, Pt2Si, and PtSi films grown by e-beam co-evaporation

Abstract Platinum silicide thin films formed via solid–solid reaction of Pt–Si interfaces play an important role as interconnects in microelectronics. This “self-aligned” silicide formation, however, is diffusion-limited and only Pt 2 Si and PtSi phases form. Also, their usefulness in electronic applications at high temperatures is limited due to agglomeration effects. Here, e-beam co-evaporation is presented as a means of fabricating well-defined films of Pt 3 Si as well as the Pt 2 Si and PtSi phases familiar to conventional, self-aligned silicide technology. Pt–Si films with a range of compositions (silicon atomic fractions of X Si = 0.00–0.77) were grown on r-sapphire substrates by co-deposition of independently controlled Pt and Si evaporant fluxes at 400 °C. Phase, morphology, and electronic properties were analyzed upon deposition and after vacuum annealing for 48 h at 1000 °C. As-deposited films with X Si 2 Si, and PtSi films confirm previous reports and a valence spectrum is presented for the stoichiometric Pt 3 Si phase; these data provide experimental support for recently proposed revisions to the standard transition metal–silicon bonding model. As-deposited films, nominally 200 nm thick, are electrically conductive in the range 0.1–4.0 × 10 6 S/m and remain so after vacuum annealing for 48 h at 1000 °C. The phase, morphological, and electrical stabilities are attributed to the finely grained as-deposited morphologies of co-evaporated Pt silicide films, which hinder agglomeration at 1000 °C for much greater times than do morphologies of traditional, self-aligned silicides grown via solid-state reaction.
Variability in Ziziphora clinopodioides subsp. bungeana (Juz.) based on morphological traits and essential oils profile.

Variability among populations of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. subsp. bungeana (Juz.) was analyzed, to evaluate the level and distribution of differentiation among four distant populations from sub-humid, upper semi-arid and semi-arid bioclimates of Khorasan provinces, Iran. Analyses of variances and cluster analysis have been carried out to define the variability and significance of morphological differentiation. Morphological differentiation was correlated with ecological situations at the location of origination and a high variation among populations based on morphological traits was observed between the plants belonging to semi-arid populations vs. the sub-humid ones. Essential oil composition varied among populations. In all of the populations pulegone was the main component, followed by isomentone and thymol. The clustering, based on oil analysis generated two distinct clusters. Essential oils of the upper semi-arid and sub-humid populations were rich in Iso-menthone, while populations from the semi-arid bioclimate were characterized by high amounts of pulegone. The relatively low morpho-chemical diversity in the populations of Z. clinopodioides indicates that the maintenance of their evolutionary potential is at risk if population sizes are not maintained and if there is no protection of the habitats.
Goals for Exposing the Inconsistencies in Fénelon’s Holocaust Memoir

In this chapter Eischeid discusses her two primary goals in exposing the manufactured incidents and embellishments in Fania Fenelon’s Holocaust memoir Playing for Time. Eischeid’s first goal is to reveal how deeply embedded many of these embellishments are in Holocaust scholarship, writing, and remembrance and how they are now accepted as truth. The intent is absolutely not to criticize respected Holocaust scholars and institutions, rather to change the way in which Fenelon’s work is utilized and cited. The second goal of Eischeid’s study is to insure that the voices of Fania’s colleagues in the orchestra are fully heard—at last—and that their testimonies assume equal weight in the pantheon of remembrance.
On the histogenesis of mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumour of the gonads

Aims The origin of testicular mixed germ cell-sex cord stromal tumour (MGC-SCST) is uncertain, and the nature of this neoplasm is controversial. It has not been established whether the germ cells in testicular MGC-SCST are neoplastic or whether they are merely entrapped within an unclassified sex cord stromal tumour or related testicular neoplasm. In this investigation, we present additional evidence regarding the nature of the germ cells in testicular MGC-SCST. Methods We obtained 25 cases of MGC-SCST, 13 of which involved the testis and 12 occurred in the ovary for histological examination. Although the majority of the cases studied were archival, materials were available for immunocytochemical examination in 10 instances. Results We found that 10 of 13 testicular MGC-SCSTs studied had a sex cord component resembling unclassified sex cord stromal tumour. In two MGC-SCSTs that had prominent entrapped tubules, an intratubular component was identified. A total of 12 ovarian MGC-SCSTs were examined, and these neoplasms were more diverse in their histological appearance than the testicular examples. The germ cells often resembled those of dysgerminoma. Formation of imperfect follicular-like structures was a frequent feature in ovarian cases. Conclusions In this investigation, we provide further evidence that the germ cells in testicular MGC-SCSTs are neoplastic; however, in the great majority of tumours, these cells are low-grade. Some testicular MGC-SCSTs arise from an intratubular component. We believe that the majority of ovarian and some testicular MGC-SCSTs arise more directly from simultaneous transformation of germ cells and sex cord derivatives.
Impact of Ground-Applied Termiticides on the Above-Ground Foraging Behavior of the Formosan Subterranean Termite

We conducted a laboratory study to determine the impact of ground-applied termiticides on the above-ground foraging behavior of Coptotermes formosanus. Two concentrations (1 and 10 ppm) each of three termiticides, viz. fipronil, imidacloprid and chlorantraniliprole, were tested. After one month post-treatment (fipronil 10 ppm was run for 12 days only and all other treatments were run for one month), fipronil had the lowest percentage of survival (3%–4%) at both concentrations. Termite survival ranged from 31% to 40% in the case of imidacloprid treatments and 10 ppm chlorantraniliprole. However, 1 ppm chlorantraniliprole did not cause significant mortality compared to the controls. Foraging on the bottom substrate was evident in all replicates for all chemicals initially. However, a portion of the foraging population avoided the ground treatment toxicants after several days of bottom foraging. Only the slower-acting non-repellents created this repellent barrier, causing avoidance behavior that was most likely due to dead termites and fungus buildup on the treated bottom substrate. Fipronil appeared more toxic and faster acting at the concentrations tested, thus limiting this repellent effect. Suggestions by the pest control industry in Louisiana that some non-repellents can create a repellent barrier stranding live termites above ground are supported by this laboratory study.
Correlates of educational success: Predictors of school dropout and graduation for urban students in the Deep South

Abstract This study examined a sample of primary and secondary school students with alternate school outcomes of high school graduation and school dropout. Using secondary administrative data from a state department of education and a state department of juvenile justice, two models are examined in the current study. Utilizing hierarchical mixed-effects logistic regression models, the relative impacts of demographic characteristics (race, gender, birth year), school-related factors (grade failure, free lunch status, average number of days missed per year, expulsions) and juvenile justice involvement were examined on graduation and dropout outcomes. Across models, juvenile justice contact and school expulsion were the best predictors of negative school outcomes; The findings also demonstrate that race was not as predictive of dropout as were other factors. Findings suggest that interventions, practices, and policies in schools that may prevent negative behavior and subsequent consequences (expulsion and/or juvenile justice contact) may impact the more distal outcomes of high school graduation and dropout.
Antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus capsular polysaccharides 5 and 8 perform similarly in vitro but are functionally distinct in vivo.

ABSTRACTThe capsular polysaccharide (CP) produced by Staphylococcus aureus is a virulence factor that allows the organism to evade uptake and killing by host neutrophils. Polyclonal antibodies to the serotype 5 (CP5) and type 8 (CP8) capsular polysaccharides are opsonic and protect mice against experimental bacteremia provoked by encapsulated staphylococci. Thus, passive immunotherapy using CP antibodies has been considered for the prevention or treatment of invasive antibiotic-resistant S. aureus infections. In this report, we generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against S. aureus CP5 or CP8. Backbone specific mAbs reacted with native and O-deacetylated CPs, whereas O-acetyl specific mAbs reacted only with native CPs. Reference strains of S. aureus and a selection of clinical isolates reacted by colony immunoblot with the CP5 and CP8 mAbs in a serotype-specific manner. The mAbs mediated in vitro CP type-specific opsonophagocytic killing of S. aureus strains, and mice passively immunized with CP5 mAbs w...
Sparse Sensing Platform for Line-Outage Identification in Multiarea Power Systems

The outage of power lines, which causes unscheduled topology change, needs to be identified as fast as possible so that appropriate remedial actions are carried out accordingly. In this paper, a novel method for phasor measurement units (PMU) placement for identification of line outages in power grids is proposed. The proposed method is inspired by compressed sensing theory and is formulated as a linear binary integer programming problem that determines optimal number and locations of PMUs that should be installed to assure observability of the monitoring system. In the proposed monitoring system, only a subset of buses of the network needs to be monitored by PMUs, which significantly reduces the implementation cost. The proposed sparse sensing platform is applicable for large-scale multiarea transmission lines as the observability of the monitoring system is guaranteed by only using the data collected from PMUs inside the area of ownership of the associated independent system operator (ISO). This characteristic of the proposed monitoring system makes it attractive for application in large-scale transmission systems with different ISOs that are not willing/reluctant to share data.
What the Spectrum of Microglial Functions Can Teach us About Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder

Alcohol exposure during gestation can lead to severe defects in brain development and lifelong physical, behavioral and learning deficits that are classified under the umbrella term Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD). Sadly, FASD is diagnosed at an alarmingly high rate, affecting 2-5% of live births in the United States, making it the most common non-heritable cause of mental disability. Currently no standard therapies exist that are effective at battling FASD symptoms, highlighting a pressing need to better understand the underlying mechanisms by which alcohol affects the developing brain. While it is clear that sensory and cognitive deficits are driven by inappropriate development and remodeling of the neural circuits that mediate these processes, alcohol’s actions acutely and long-term on the brain milieu are diverse and complex. Microglia, the brain’s immune cells, have been thought to be a target for alcohol during development because of their exquisite ability to rapidly detect and respond to perturbations affecting the brain. Additionally, our view of these immune cells is rapidly changing, and recent studies have revealed a myriad of microglial physiological functions critical for normal brain development and long-term function. A clear and complete understanding of how microglial roles on this end of the spectrum may be altered in FASD is currently lacking. Such information could provide important insights toward novel therapeutic targets for FASD treatment. Here we review the literature that links microglia to neural circuit remodeling and provide a discussion of the current understanding of how developmental alcohol exposure affects microglial behavior in the context of developing brain circuits.
Reference path generation for upper-arm exoskeletons considering scapulohumeral rhythms

This paper proposes a reference path generation method for upper-limb rehabilitation exoskeletons considering the scapulohumeral rhythms of the shoulder. The developed method is based on Central Nervous System's (CNS) governing rules for coordination of arm motions, and to the best of our knowledge is the first computational model to consider the motion of the inner shoulder in path generation. Existing reference generation methods which utilize computational models such as minimum jerk, minimum torque, etc, are based on the assumption that the shoulder joint does not move, and the origin of the reference frame is defined at the center of the glenohumeral (GH) joint. These computational methods are generally developed for simple point-to-point reaching movements with limited range of motion (RoM) which justifies the assumption of fixed shoulder center. However, most upper limb motions such as Activities of Daily Living (ADL) tasks include larger scale inward and outward reaching motions, during which the center of shoulder joint moves significantly. The proposed motion planning method can be used in upper-limb exoskeletons with 3 Degrees of Freedom (DoF) in shoulder and 1 DoF in elbow which are capable of supporting the motion of the shoulder girdle by moving the center of shoulder joint. The outputs of the proposed model are compared with the natural motion of arm during ADL tasks, recorded via a motion capture system. Comparison of the results show that the proposed model is able to reproduce human ADL motions, and can effectively be used for reference generation. The results of this study also confirm that neglecting the fine manipulations with wrist and fingers, ADL tasks can be modeled as large RoM reaching tasks from the perspective of elbow-shoulder coordination.